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Apple promised in May – thanks in part to pressure from its customers and Greenpeace supporters – that all of its data centres would become "coal-free" and powered by 100% renewable energy. However, rumours are circulating about a new data centre that Apple is said to be building in Hong Kong.
Apple has not yet confirmed the investment, but the Hong Kong Economic Times, citing three unnamed sources, is reporting that Apple will build its first data centre outside of the US there. This raises questions about what kind of energy Apple will use to power such a data centre.
While we have heard some recent news of more fuel cells for the iCloud facility in North Carolina, we're still eagerly awaiting a proper update from Apple about how it intends to meet its commitment to provide coal-free energy to its US-based data centres in North Carolina, Oregon and Nevada.
The news of a Hong Kong iCloud data centre raises a new challenge for the company's clean energy plans, and potentially a thornier one for Apple to solve.
Similar to the dirty energy mix provided by Duke Energy in North Carolina, the electricity grid in Hong Kong is a troubling mixture of fossil fuels: 54% coal, 23% nuclear and 23% natural gas. Renewable energy makes up less than 1% of the grid.
In sharp contrast to its ambitious plans for importing more nuclear power, the Hong Kong government has shown a lack of commitment in developing the renewable energy sector, and is currently proposing to expand renewable energy to only 1-2% of the total energy mix by 2020. (See page 28 of the How Clean is Your Cloud? report for more information on Hong Kong.)
Apple is not the only IT company, however, that's setting up shop in Hong Kong. Data centre floor space grew 18% in 2010-2011 (Ming Pao News, 9 February 2012) with both household-name internet companies and lesser-known co-location facilities entering the fray.
Some investigative reporting from Wired suggests that Amazon Web Services is headed to Hong Kong as well, and Rackspace already operates a data centre there. Google has announced plans to invest US$300 million in a Hong Kong data centre, to be completed in 2013.
While Google has set the pace for the industry's adoption of renewable energy in the US, the company's new Hong Kong data centre represents a critical challenge to its impressive track record of steadily increasing the amount of renewable energy powering its data centres.
Procuring clean electricity in Hong Kong will also be challenging for Apple, but not impossible. There are ample wind resources in Hong Kong, and Apple could spur investment in new wind projects.
Apple and the other major IT brands that have built data centres in Hong Kong could work together to use their considerable influence to lobby the utilities there, Hong Kong Electrics and China Light and Power, to increase their planned use of renewable energy so that the grid powering their data centres becomes cleaner over the long term.
If Apple worked collaboratively with other major cloud brands in Hong Kong, it would wield massive influence on the electricity sector. Hong Kong's electricity demand has become static in recent years, so new data centres are a major driver for new electricity capacity.
It's crucial that industry leaders such as Apple, Amazon, Microsoft, Rackspace and Google – all of which have set sustainability goals (except for Amazon)– start setting a clear bar for the utilities and a clear example for other data centre operators in Hong Kong.
They should demand that utilities bring renewable energy to the Hong Kong grid to at least keep pace with their electricity appetite as data centre investment there rapidly expands.
David Pomerantz is a media officer for Greenpeace's work to push technology companies to lead the shift to a prosperous clean energy economy.
Grateful Child
Great article David, and thank you very much for that information and introspect. Surely with that 300 million allocated they can set aside funds to provide green energy to their data center, and to set an example of goals that can be reached for long term sustainable energy in Hong Kong.
19 December, 2012 at 13:37
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As a long time Greenpeace supporter and a member of Compass I would please ask that as an organization we publish these posts when we actually have co...
As a long time Greenpeace supporter and a member of Compass I would please ask that as an organization we publish these posts when we actually have confirmation of what is going on. No confirmation from Apple and a newspaper report based on unnamed sources is a bit flimsy to kick off debate on what is a very real problem. It just gives ammunition to our critics that we are uninformed and skews the debate away from the actual issue we are trying to argue.
Just my two cents.
19 December, 2012 at 16:42
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(Unregistered) Lee
Thank you for the highly informative article!
19 December, 2012 at 22:39
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The most dangerous social engineers are those who can invent a lie so believable that they are able to successfully impersonate a legitimate employee without ever raising suspicion.
This tactic is particularly harmful if real employees can be tricked into believing the criminal is actually a coworker or a member of upper management.
From that point, it is not very difficult for a charismatic social engineer to manipulate the employee into divulging extremely sensitive information–or even worse, granting the impersonator unfettered access to the network.
As improbable as this technique seems, it is actually a favorite weapon in the social engineer's arsenal. And it has a frighteningly high rate of success.
The primary reasons for the technique's popularity are:
Establishing pretext
This type of low-tech method of attack is predicated on the social engineer's ability to establish credibility and trust with an employee of the targeted company.
To accomplish this, he or she must devise a believable story–or a "pretext"–based on as much factual information as possible. Given that most companies and their staff members post volumes of information about the organization online, forming a detailed pretext is often the easiest part of the process.
The "fellow employee" pretext usually centers on a new employee, an off-site worker, or even a manager from a nondescript department who needs technical assistance, such as resetting credentials, creating a new account or reconnecting to the network from a different location.
In these scenarios, the social engineer must conduct a bit of research about the company and its practices. Next, they collect enough verifiable information about the persona he or she will be assuming so that the elaborate lie can withstand at least a minimal amount of scrutiny.
The con artist may begin weaving the pretext by gathering basic information, such as locations, services and corporate structure. This can be done simply by reading the targeted company's website or downloading archived newsletters, press releases, and annual reports.
A quick visit to the company's LinkedIn page or Jigsaw listing will help determine the corporate hierarchy along with each person's job title.
NEXT: Finding a target

subset: commoncrawl


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Lee Hadley
"Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop questioning."
Albert Einstein
The Stuff you want to know….
Lee is the Sales Director, one of the original co-founders and builders of this now diverse and dynamic group. He has been in the wheel and tyre game for over 20 years and in the last 10 years become the tendered wholesaler of consumables to two of the largest car manufacturers in the world. Heading the TG Consumables arm of the group he is continually on the road to obtain new contracts with majors.
The Stuff you didn't know….
The Teflon monkey we like to call him, because despite any naughtiness (minimal of course) his endearing personality is never diminished! He may be the silver fox of the office but he's extraordinarily supple and likes to demonstrate this in times of euphoria with a high kick! Continually keeping the morale high with his humorous antics, practical jokes, and let's not forget the erratic horse impression, it has been decided that everyone needs a Hadders!
Samantha Hadley
'Fail to prepare, prepare to fail.'
The Stuff you want to know….
Sam has over 20 years' experience as a management consultant for some of the biggest retail companies in the UK, offering re-structuring advice to the likes of Next, Ford Motor Company and Lancing Linda. Her recent contract was with RBS Global Banking and Markets offering Change Management and Communication consultancy. Now Sam has taken on the role of managing director for the Top Gear group to work with the directors and the team, offering challenge and strategic support.
The Stuff you didn't know….
Sam is most definitely the runner up for the innuendo bingo antics in the office. That's coming second to Sarah but together they can have quite a relay of ridiculous and mischievous euphemisms. She has a love for all things fine, much to her husband's desperation, but much to the staff's delight as she's always the first to crack open the bubbly! But despite her city chic appearance she is a true country bumpkin, most comfy in a pair of wellies and a naughty pair of jodhpurs!


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If you have ever received a shipment of steaks or seafood, you may have wondered if there was another use for the Styrofoam cooler the product was shipped in. Not wanting to send it to the landfill, we've had one sitting in the rafters of our garage for a while. It's now getting a new use as a cooler table.
The design of this table is a basic box with legs. We used inexpensive 1x4 inch and 1x6 inch pine boards and gold, triple-coated deck screws. Because you design the table to fit around your cooler, you can use any type of cooler you have on hand.
1. Measure your cooler to determine the box width, length, and height. Add 6 inches to the length side and three inches to the width side to allow room for the cooler.
2. Measure the boards for the legs, sides, front and back of the table. Our legs measure 26 inches. The front is 28 inches and sides are 21 inches.
3. Cut each of the boards to length.
4. Assemble the legs using a nail gun.
5. Screw the front and back boards to the inside of the legs.
6. Attach the sides, front and back together.
7. Screw in 1x2 inch boards to create a base for the bottom of the table.
8. Place the boards on top of the base and secure with screws.
9. We attached 1x3 inch trim pieces with a nail gun for a more styled look.
10. Create the tabletop using 1x4 inch boards to create a frame. Drill pocket holes into 1x4 inch boards. Fill in the frame by attaching the boards with screws. Attach the top with hinges.
11. The completed table features handles on the sides and a bottle opener on the front.
12. Filled with your favorite beverages this cooler table is ready for entertaining.
A version of this article appeared in May/June 2016 print edition of State-by-State Gardening.
Photography courtesy of Maggie Head.


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Dr. John McPherson reviews medical content for Healthwise, a nonprofit organization with a mission to help people make better health decisions. Dr. McPherson is an Associate Professor of Medicine in the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, at Vanderbilt Heart and Vascular Institute in Nashville, Tennessee.
MD: University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, Ca, 1993
Internship and Residency: The Osler Medical Service, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 1993-1996
Fellowship in Cardiovascular Medicine: University of Virginia Health Systems, Charlottesville, VA, 1996-1999
Fellowship in Interventional Cardiology: University of Virginia Health Systems, Charlottesville, VA, 1999-2000
American Board of Internal Medicine
Interventional Cardiology, American Board of Internal Medicine
Cardiovascular Disease, American Board of Internal Medicine
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN:
Clinical Instructor, Travecca Nazarene University, Physician Assistant Program, Nashville, TN, 2000-2001
University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA:
The final approval of Healthwise content is always made by a clinician with no financial conflicts.
This reviewer reported no financial conflicts.
Current as of:
January 10, 2014
Healthwise Staff
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. Learn how we develop our content.
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You know every business has a "scratch and dent" department. Sometimes our vendors offer us steep discounts on closeouts, over stock items and limited quantity discount Table Legs ! The quality is 100%, no dents or scratches. They might have been sent to a customer who then decided to go with a different style leg. Nothing wrong with the product, just a matter of taste. Theses products are not sorted by diameter, height and finishes, so please check each product carefully, no returns!
Please note that the products shown here are exempt from our return policy!


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Monday, March 29, 2010
Speckled Easter Eggs with Food Coloring
This is one of my favorite Easter egg projects I designed for Good Housekeeping using food coloring from the pantry. A few drops in a cup of water with 3 tablespoons white vinegar make the dye. This is an economical and quick way to dye an egg. You probably have everything you need with out having to go shopping!.... Hardboil white eggs. To get soft pastel colors the eggs only need to bathe for a few minutes, then dry. To get the speckles: mix 10 drops of red and 5 drops of green food coloring in a small glass, a few drops of water and you have brown dye. To get the speckles use a old toothbrush, dip it in the brown, shake off excess. Point the toothbrush 6 - 10 inches from the egg. Run your finger across the bristles from front to back to get the splatter effect. ( you might want to wear rubber gloves)!!
Once I made the eggs I needed to create a special place to display them. While they look great in any basket here is a quick way to do something a bit different.
The base: Use a 4" terra cotta pot and paint it yellow with acrylic craft paint (or leave it natural). Turn it upside down and place a 9" or a 12" terra cotta plate on top.
Use wheat grass, ( it comes in square blocks) from the health food store. Cut it into 1/2 " thick slices. Lay the wedges down around the plate to get a nice green grass border. Fill with your pretty speckled eggs.
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72 comments
Great shoes, I love the tan color of the blazer, you always look so pretty.ReplyDelete
my blog: ♥La Stylin Girraffe♥
Love the leopard weges, especially with that blush blazer. It is a great color. xoReplyDelete
I love those shoes and the blazer! sorry about your neck, get better soon.ReplyDelete
Love those wedges!! Perfect outfit:) Hope your neck feels better!ReplyDelete
great blazer! lovely lookReplyDelete
I love this outfit. It's so NY stroll in Central Park. Sam Edelman is always on point with the footwearReplyDelete
LOVING the shoes!!!!!!!ReplyDelete
So pretty -I've been eyeing that Zara blazer in my local store for a while now. Pure lustReplyDelete
Love the shoes!ReplyDelete
again GORGEOUS! love itReplyDelete
Amazing wedges! You are so beautiful!ReplyDelete
The color of your blazer is beyond beautiful!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousApril 21, 2010 at 10:52 PM
I would die for your body and confidence!! You are gorgeous, and so are your shoes :)ReplyDelete
I love your outfit the blazer totally makes it! Also I love your hair straightened in these photos! Amazing look!! Come visit/follow my blog!!ReplyDelete
Take a Walk on a Rae of Sunshine:
I hope you feel better and enjoy your moms pasta with a vickies mag!ReplyDelete
I love this outfit on you!!!
Those shoes...wow!ReplyDelete
You look so beautiful in these pics! I want your coral/blush blazer. Looks like something that would fit perfectly in with my wardrobe. I love the wedges too. They look super comfy.ReplyDelete
Wow, amazing shoes! Your hair also just looks so lovely in the first picture! xoReplyDelete
you look very stunning!, love the blazer!ReplyDelete
Se te ve muy bonita, la chaqueta es preciosa.ReplyDelete
Besos Delmy.
- AnonymousApril 22, 2010 at 2:27 AM
Love it! .. especially the blazer and the wedges! :)ReplyDelete
Love the color of the blazer! The wedges are gorgeous!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousApril 22, 2010 at 3:44 AM
great blazer :)ReplyDelete
I love your style! It's so simple and on you it really shines!ReplyDelete
I love your blazer and wedges, it's beautiful!ReplyDelete
Riot Apple
Ohhh....I used to love the old short flirty hairstyle!!! :(ReplyDelete
And I adore your blazer! :)
I'm so in love with your blazer!ReplyDelete
gorgeous color of the blazer. it suits to your beauty.ReplyDelete
Ah that blazer! So beautiful. And I really like your jeans.ReplyDelete
You are stunning! I'm obsessed with the blazer and the wedges are awesome!! xxReplyDelete
AMAZING outfit!! love your blazer and shoes!ReplyDelete
omg i love the blazer .. so cuteReplyDelete
You're so beautiful! ADORE that blazer! ♥ best wishes*ReplyDelete
I love your heels! You look beautiful as always, delmy..ReplyDelete
you just radiate prettiness.ReplyDelete
love the shoes.
Love that blazerReplyDelete
Your look is so classically chic! :DReplyDelete
Live Love LA
I love the color of the blazer..it so pretty!!ReplyDelete
the shoes and blazer are so perfect with the simple top and jeans! Love this outfit :)ReplyDelete
love that blazer those jeans and especially those wedges!! you have amazing style!! you are so beautiful and look like such a great person!!! i love your hair as well!ReplyDelete
beautiful outfit! love your blazer and shoes.ReplyDelete
u 're magnifique,beautifull,bellisima!!!this outfit rocks!!simple to copy,elegant and sexy!!congrat!ReplyDelete
In love with that blazer <3 Such a great colour!ReplyDelete
i love the shoes!!!! great use of animal print and wood...ReplyDelete
Love leopard shoes!ReplyDelete
Don't know how many times it's been said, but I adore the blazer. Wonderful cut and details and the colour is gorgeous. You are so pretty!ReplyDelete
the amazin outfitReplyDelete
lovin it!ReplyDelete
amazin blazer
i totally love your hair that wayReplyDelete
Lovely blazer and leopard wedges, regards.ReplyDelete
Me encanta el blazer y las cuñas de leopardo, Saludos
Look this look very much ♥ReplyDelete
Mon Mode Blog
Again a gorgeous look! Love your blazer & top! They're stunning!ReplyDelete
Sam Edelman did good work with those shoes!ReplyDelete
Love Grace.
Gorgeous wedges!!ReplyDelete
I absolutely love this outfit, need to get this blazer!!! it's beautiful..did you bought it recently?ReplyDelete
i like the blazer very muchReplyDelete
YOu looks pretty!ReplyDelete
love the blazer and the wedges!!
lovely look & great blazer!ReplyDelete
Luv ur outfit hun!! Gorgeous colours! xxReplyDelete
really love your shoes and blazer!ReplyDelete
have just found your blog and loving your style
join my giveaway :) 1205 giveaway
great shoes!!!! i love this outfit and those jeans are great.ReplyDelete
xx. alyssa
you look perfect!ReplyDelete
gorgeous outfit combo!! those shoes are fabulous! xoxoReplyDelete
Love those shoes! And the color of that blazer is beautifulReplyDelete
-Shoeless Simone
I love your shoesReplyDelete
You are gorgeous!!!ReplyDelete
LOVE your blog so much its amazing
All your looks are beautiful!
Check my blog out if u have time :)
Char x
Looooooooveeee the zara blazer!!!!ReplyDelete
Xoxo Birgitte
The colour of that jacket is just perfect. I soooooo want one like that! Great outfit. xReplyDelete
These wedges are fantastic !ReplyDelete
Wow(: I love your blog! Keep updating! Your style is absolutly incredible! :DReplyDelete
Check out my blog too?(:
Always good stuff!!!ReplyDelete
Naps for http://ladieslovesneakers.com/
o my god, u are so perfect, I love your style ! <3ReplyDelete


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The mission of the Mid-Atlantic Diesel Collaborative is to reduce diesel emissions to protect public health throughout the Mid-Atlantic Region.
The Collaborative is a partnership between leaders from federal, state, and local government, the private sector, and environmental groups in Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, West Virginia and the District of Columbia.
The Collaborative is part of an overall national campaign to reduce diesel emissions.
For more information, click here or copy the following address into your browser:


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The crowning of LBi as Marketing's Digital Agency of the Year rounds off what has been a landmark 12 months for the ever-evolving East London shop.
After experiencing incremental growth in tough market conditions it was no surprise several agency networks had been in talks to snap up one of the last-standing digital indie giants. Still, the headline-grabbing EUR416m price tag agreed with Maurice Levy's Publicis Groupe, revealed in October, underlines the value the agency, led by global chief executive Luke Taylor, has amassed over the years.
At a time when businesses are negotiating the shift to digital, the judges praised LBi's focus on digital transformation for its clients and its ability to push boundaries for them, at all stages in their journeys. LBi's strong and diverse range of clients, for which it undertakes a huge variety and depth of work, also impressed the judges.
This year LBi has proved that it can be a true creative tour de force, with its Microsoft 'Brandon Generator' campaign (see below) and Sony Xperia work, of particular note for treading fresh territory.
LBi has managed to grow incrementally year on year, with revenues of £58.4m in 2011. Global expansion has been a focus as it has proliferated to include more than 2200 digital experts across 32 offices in 17 countries.
As well as new-business wins, LBi has picked up £21m worth of organic business from existing clients, including Asda, E.ON, Lloyds TSB and Skype.
This year, LBi has worked hard to consolidate its media arm Bigmouthmedia to create a single global brand. The judges were impressed by the way LBi has managed to maintain its strong culture throughout this consolidation and growth.
LBi continues to be at the beating heart of the Shoreditch digital scene, hosting a range of industry events, including its famous end-of-year blow-out 'Rave' in its Brick Lane office, which helps attract talent to the business, driving up job applications to LBi 63% after last year's event.
The judges also praised LBi's corporate social responsibility strategy, which includes local charity work and its 'Summer of Love' initiative to give employees afternoons off during the summer months. They said LBi's emphasis on the importance of every employee and its 'unsung heroes', sets it apart.
Its commitment to digital transformation for a variety of clients, while pushing a strong creative agenda, makes LBi a worthy winner of Marketing's Digital Agency of the Year in 2012.
With Google's Chrome encroaching on Internet Explorer's market lead in the browser market, LBi was asked by Microsoft to deliver a compelling campaign, showcasing the 'beautiful web'.
It teamed up with acclaimed film writer Edgar Wright and comic illustrator Tommy Lee Edwards, to create an HTML5-powered online animated feature, dubbed The Random Adventures of Brandon Generator, created in conjunction with 3 Monkeys.
The concept, which is based on Wright's own experiences of writer's block, was shaped by users, who could contribute ideas to the storyline. It was supported by outdoor and digital advertising.
The campaign site has received more than 570,000 unique visitors to date, while it resonated in social media, with a Twitter reach of 62.3m and 308,000 views on YouTube. Celebrities tweeting about the campaign included Steven Spielberg, Simon Pegg and Jonathan Ross.


text: Terms and Conditions 1. The Contract 1. The Contract These conditions and other information in all Etihad Holidays' brochures, price booklets, separate publicity material and our web site form the contract between you and us. All Holidays are subject to availability and these booking conditions. In the event of any conflict between these booking conditions and any of the brochures, price booklets, separate publicity material or our web site, these booking conditions will prevail.You are recommended to read these booking conditions carefully and in the event that there is anything, which you do not understand, contact Etihad Holidays (or your Travel Agent if you have booked via an agent) for clarification.You need to be aware that these conditions contain a limitation of our liability to you and of our obligations in relation to any Holiday, which you book.These conditions do not govern your contract or affect your rights relating to any third party whose services you may separately purchased and use on your Holiday.When you have booked your Holiday, paid a deposit and we have issued a confirmation or receipt to you or to your Travel Agent and you have signed our booking form, a contract exists between you and us.The Lead Name guarantees that he or she has full authority to make the Holiday booking on behalf of all customers named on the Holiday booking and guarantees to pay all sums which are or may become due in relation to such Holiday.The purchase and sale of the Holiday shall take place (or shall be deemed to take place) and come into effect in the UAE, whatever the circumstances of your booking. Notwithstanding any conflict of laws principles, these booking conditions and any contract between you and us shall be governed exclusively by the laws of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and the federal laws of the UAE, and the Civil Courts of the UAE in Abu Dhabi shall have exclusive jurisdiction to determine any dispute or claim that arises out of or in connection with the contract with you or its subject matter or formation (including non- contractual disputes or claims). 2. How to Book 2. How to Book A Holiday booking can be made through Etihad Holidays Retail Shops, Sales Offices or directly with the Etihad Holidays Call Centre +9712 5990700 in the UAE or through a Travel Agent.When a booking is made via a Travel Agent, all communication with Etihad Holidays must be made via the Travel Agent. In that case, all monies paid by you to the Travel Agent are held by the Travel Agent as your agent until the booking is accepted and confirmed by Etihad Holidays. 3. Payment 3. Payment A booking form must be completed and signed by the Lead Name being a person aged 18 years or over and a non-refundable deposit paid to Etihad Holidays of 10% of the total package cost. Should your Holiday incorporate a specialist holiday component such as Cruise Companies, ("Specialist Holiday") and some hotels a full payment will be required and will be advised at the time of booking. If the booking is made 16 days or less prior to departure full payment will also be required for your Holiday booking.If a deposit has been paid the full balance must be settled no later than 16 days before your departure date. If we do not receive the balance by the due date we will treat the booking as cancelled by you and you agree to pay the cancellation charges as described in section 5.2 of these booking conditions. We accept cash, cheques, credit and debit cards.Once full payment has been received for a confirmed booking, Etihad Holidays will issue air E-tickets plus vouchers for other services booked. These vouchers must be surrendered by you to the relevant supplier of the services, e.g. hotel or ground transportation supplier. 4. Holiday Price 4. Holiday Price All our prices are quoted in AED, (unless otherwise specified). We will give you or your Travel Agent a price quote at the time of booking and once you have accepted that price and a booking has been made and confirmed through payment of deposit or in full, we will hold that price.The only additional charges we may pass on to you are those imposed by the UAE or foreign governments, other regulatory bodies and/or airlines.What your Holiday price usually includes (subject to our confirmation in writing):- return transportation including luggage allowance as confirmed;- overseas transfers / transportation as confirmed;- accommodation, meals (including any bonus offers) where they have been booked and confirmed;- the services of a representative, tour guide or an appointed local agent, including a 24-hour emergency contact (except cruises);- any other services e.g. excursions, car rental, ski packs, etc. where they have been booked and confirmed; and- Child discounts where they have been booked and confirmed.What your Holiday price does not include:- passport, visa and health protection fees;- cots, car seats and food for infants;- meals unless otherwise specified;- excursions or entrance fees unless otherwise specified;- overseas airport departure charges payable locally;- porterage, personal expenditure, tips, laundry, hotel extras;- transport cost to your departure airport unless specified;- Holiday insurance 5. Changes or cancellation by you 5. Changes or cancellation by you 5.1. ChangesIf you wish to change your booking after a deposit has been paid, the Lead Name should contact their Travel Agent if they booked via a Travel Agent; or Etihad Holidays if they booked directly and subject to availability, we will try to meet the request. If we are able to make the change requested, you agree to pay a non-refundable amendment fee of AED 200/- per person per change if the change(s) is / are made 16 days or more before departure in addition to any applicable ticket change fees or increase in Holiday costs i.e. where you upgrade accommodation or increase passengers. Changes made 15 days or less before departure will be treated as a cancellation and the charges in section 5.2 will apply. We may, at our sole discretion, waive charges due to be made if the changes increase the cost of your Holiday and do not involve a change of destination / departure date. Important notes:Many suppliers, particularly airlines, cruise companies, Disneyland® Resorts, Ski & Safari operators and some hotels do not permit us to change names or travel dates and impose full cancellation charges.If this is the case, we will pass these charges on to you, in addition to our administration charges. Some accommodation types, particularly self-catering, cruise ship cabins and hotel rooms with reductions for 3+ people, are priced according to the number of occupants. If fewer people travel than originally booked there will be extra charges to pay, which will be advised to you when you make the changes. 5.2. CancellationsIf you or any member of your party wishes to cancel your booking once a booking has been confirmed and an invoice or receipt has been issued, the Lead Name must notify their Travel Agent (or Etihad Holidays direct if the booking was made directly with Etihad Holidays) in writing. The cancellation charges you will be required to pay will be calculated on the basis of the date we receive the written notification and the booked departure date. Please note we cannot refund deposits, amendment fees or insurance premiums. We strongly recommend that you take out comprehensive holiday insurance which includes cancellation cover. We incur costs from the time you make your booking and you agree that if you cancel your booking, you will compensate us for our expenses and losses as per the table and paragraphs below or if greater (for example if cruise companies, Disneyland® Resorts, Ski & Safari operators and some hotels are concerned) the cost borne by us as a result of your cancellation. Cancellation charges vary according to the type of Holiday booked and certain hotels and products. You will be advised at the time of booking of the relevant cancellation terms and conditions. a) Etihad Holidays Packages Number of days between the booked departure date and the written Cancellation is received by us Cancellation amount as a % of price 15 - 8 days 15% 7 - 4 days 30% 3 days or less & no show 100% b) Exceptions - All Etihad Holidays Packages to Maldives, Seychelles and Mauritius as well as Specialist Holidays to any destination involving Cruises, Safaris, Ski, Extended Touring & Self Drive itineraries and Disneyland® Resorts. Number of days between the booked departure date and the written Cancellation is received by us Cancellation amount as a % of price. Number of days between the booked departure date and the written Cancellation is received by us Cancellation amount as a % of price 90 – 46 days 25% 45 – 31 days 50% 30 – 22 days 75% 21 days or less & no show 100% All Holidays to Maldives, Seychelles and Mauritius during the Peak Season (i.e. 20 December – 15 All Holidays to Maldives, Seychelles and Mauritius during the Peak Season (i.e. 20 December – 15 January) are non-refundable if cancelled within 60 days of the date of booked departure or in case of no show and the cancellation amount equals 100% of the booking value. During Public Holidays and over Special Events stricter conditions may apply for some hotels and suppliers. Cancellation terms & conditions specific to your booking will be advised and confirmed at time of booking. For your own interest we strongly recommend that you arrange cover with a comprehensive holiday insurance policy to travel on any of our Holidays. Please contact your Etihad Holidays Agent for details. For any groups of ten or more customers travelling together special terms & conditions apply, which will be advised during the booking process. 6. If we have to change or cancel your holiday 6. If we have to change or cancel your holiday We will do our utmost to deliver your Holiday as booked. As we plan the arrangements many months in advance we may occasionally have to make changes and reserve the right to do this at any time.If we have to make a Significant Change (as defined below) in circumstances where there has been no Force Majeure, we will notify the Lead Name or your Travel Agent as soon as practically possible and you will have one of three options:- accepting the changed arrangements;- transferring to another holiday offered by us and paying or receiving a refund for any price difference; or- cancelling your Holiday and receiving a refund of all monies paid to us (excluding any travel insurance)Significant Changes are limited to changes involving:- Your departure airport;- Your destination area;- A change of accommodation to a lower star grading; or- Your departure time from your Etihad origin airport, or length of Holiday by more than 12 hours (excluding transport delays once you have checked-in). 7. Refunds 7. Refunds In cases where any part of your Holiday is on a request basis, the deposit or final payment will only be refunded in full if Etihad Holidays is unable to confirm the booking and no cancellation charges apply to any confirmed components of the Holiday.No refunds will be available on unused services.Any refunded payments will be processed by the same payment method used to make the booking initially and to the same payee. The exception for this will be cash payments received by Etihad Holidays for Holiday packages which will be refunded in the form of a cheque to the original payee on presentation of valid identification.No refund will be given in any circumstances unless original travel documents and invoice are returned to Etihad Holidays.All refunds will be processed within 21 days of the presentation of the original travel documents and invoice to Etihad Holidays. 8. Our liability to you 8. Our liability to you a) We accept responsibility for ensuring that the travel arrangements you book with us are supplied as described in our brochure or on our website. If any part of these travel arrangements is not provided as promised, we will pay you appropriate compensation if this has affected your enjoyment of your travel arrangements. We accept responsibility for the acts and / or omissions of our employees and agents. Our liability in all cases (including in cases of gross negligence) except for death or bodily injury shall be limited to a maximum of the cost of your Holiday and any reasonable directly attributable costs.b) We accept no responsibility for any delays or cancellations or non-availability of any meal or service due to Force Majeure.c) In rare cases errors may occur when inputting prices into our reservations system or when printing our brochure. We regret that any contract entered into on the basis of an erroneous price will be void. Accordingly, you cannot seek to rely on an erroneous price when booking a holiday. In the unlikely event of a booking being made following a systems error we will advise you as soon as possible and offer you the choice of either a cancellation with a full refund or continuing with your arrangements upon payment of the difference in price applicable.d) You should note that the acceptance of any liability on our part in any circumstances is subject to the amount of any claim against Etihad Holidays being reduced by any amount paid to the claimant from time to time for the same claim such as (i) any employee, agent or supplier of Etihad Holidays who is in any way responsible for the death, injury or illness you suffer and / or (ii) under any relevant insurance policy held by the claimant.e) If you, or any member of your party, suffer death, illness or injury whilst overseas arising out of an activity which does not form part of your Holiday arrangements, we shall at our discretion, offer advice, guidance and assistance. Where legal action is contemplated and you want our assistance, you must obtain our written consent prior to commencement of proceedings. Our consent will be given subject to you undertaking to assign any costs and benefits received under any relevant insurance policy to ourselves. In any case, we limit the cost of our assistance to you or to any one booking form to maximum AED 10,000/-.f) In respect of Etihad flights included in your Holiday we will use our reasonable endeavours to ensure that in the event of a delay exceeding 3 hours, you will receive light refreshments, in the event of a delay exceeding 6 hours, you will receive a main meal, and in the event of an overnight delay, wherever possible, you will receive meals and accommodation. This section 8(g) is subject to the availability of meals and / or accommodation, and the policies of third party operators, at the location of the delay.g) If you receive any medical services whilst on Holiday you acknowledge and agree that such services shall be taken at your own risk and it is your own responsibility to consult appropriate health professionals on any matter relating to your health and well-being.h) If we make arrangements for you with any third party to provide any services other than carriage by air, or if we issue a ticket or voucher provided by a third party such as surface transportation, hotel reservations, car rental, or any other activities, in doing so we act only as your agent. We will have no liability to you for any such services we arrange for you unless any loss or damage is caused solely by our gross negligence and in such case our liability shall be subject to clause 8.1(a). The terms and conditions of the third party service provider will apply. Such conditions are available from us upon request. 9. Your responsibility 9. Your responsibility a) You must ensure that you and all customers named on your Holiday booking have valid passports, any appropriate visas and vaccinations. We are not liable for any costs, delays or illness resulting from your failure to meet these requirements. Please check with the appropriate tourist board/embassy of the destination you are travelling to prior to departure to ensure you have fulfilled any visa/passport requirements in good time before you depart.b) You are responsible for providing all information to us which we or any airline or other carrier or customs or governmental body may require. This may include information about your name, passport number, nationality, date of birth, gender, country of residence, travel history, occupation, home address, point of origin, final destination and address at destination.c) You are responsible for ensuring that any existing medical conditions or disabilities, which may require assistance, are declared to us before you book your Holiday or, if newly diagnosed, before the date of departure. We can only accept your booking upon the clear understanding that we cannot be liable if any carrier refuses to accept you or any member of your booking as a passenger if this information is not made known to us. In all circumstances it remains your responsibility to ensure that you are fit to travel and to participate in all of the services and facilities which you have booked and undertaken and also that you have taken the relevant travel and medical insurances. We reserve the right to ask for further medical information from you if you notify a health matter to us and to refuse or cancel your Holiday in our absolute discretion.d) You are responsible for the behaviour of yourself and all customers named on your Holiday booking. We or our suppliers reserve the right to refuse your booking or to remove you and/or any member of your booking from any Holiday arrangement if you or any member of your booking is reasonably deemed to behave in a disruptive or dangerous manner. We will make no refund or payment of any costs incurred by you or any member of your booking under these circumstances, and you may face criminal prosecution.e) You are reminded that Captains of aircraft have absolute authority over the aircraft and its passengers whilst boarding or in flight. The Captain or other authorized representative of an airline can refuse to carry anyone if they are unruly or are otherwise unfit to travel or are a danger to the flight or other passengers. If you are refused carriage in these circumstances your Holiday will terminate immediately and will terminate immediately and will be considered as a cancellation by you in accordance with Section 5.2 in such circumstances we will have no further responsibility or liability to you or any member of the booking.f) If you participate in any activity (including any sports, water sports or winter sports) whilst on Holiday such participation is at your own risk and it is your own responsibility to obtain the relevant insurance.g) If you receive any medical services whilst on Holiday you acknowledge and agree that such services shall be taken at your own risk and it is your own responsibility to consult appropriate health professionals on any matter relating to your health and well-being. 10. Insurance 10. Insurance For your own interest we strongly recommend that you arrange cover with a comprehensive holiday insurance policy to travel on any of our Holidays. Please contact your Etihad Holidays Agent for details. 11. Complaints 11. Complaints We plan our holiday arrangements with great care, and in the unlikely event of a complaint about any aspect of your Holiday, it should be reported immediately to the Etihad Holidays' local representative or to the Etihad Holidays Operations Team (+971 2 599 0700), who will give a priority response to resolve in-resort issues. Should the matter not be resolved while you are on Holiday, any complaint must be submitted in writing within 30 days of return from your Holiday to your Travel Agent or to Etihad Holidays, Guest Relations Department, P.O. Box 35566, Khalifa City A, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, or by e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com. We regret we cannot entertain claims outside this period. 12. Definitions 12. Definitions The following terms shall bear the following meanings in these Booking Conditions:• Child - means a person under the age of 12 years on the relevant return date of travel• Etihad Holidays, we or us - means Etihad Holidays a division of EtihadAirways PJSC a company registered in Abu Dhabi whose principal place of business is at P.O. Box 35566,Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.• First Named - means the first named customer on any Holiday booking.• Force Majeure - means any unusual circumstance beyond our control including but without limitation war or threat of war, terrorist activity, adverse weather conditions, industrial dispute, closure of airport or technical difficulties.• Holiday - means the holiday booked by you or on your behalf with us.• Significant Change - has the meaning set out in section 6.• Travel Agent - means any agent through whom your Holiday with us is booked.• UAE - means UnitedArab Emirates.• You - means any customer who is or may be considering the booking of any Holiday and includes all members of any party who are booking together.


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NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.
Institute for Quantum Computing
University of Waterloo
200 University Ave. West
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Mike & Ophelia Lazaridis QNCRAC 1 & RAC 2
University of Waterloo
Phone: 519-888-4021
Fax: 519-888-7610


text:
Donald Stump, Ph.D.
Professor; Director of English Undergraduate Studies
Department of English
Director of Micah House
Micah Program
Ph.D. Cornell University English, 1978
M.A. Cornell University English, 1974
B.A. Grinnell College English, 1969
Research Interests
Renaissance literature and its classical and biblical backgrounds; Elizabeth I and the writers of her court; the Bible and literature; fantasy.
Publications and Media Placements
Elizabeth I and the 'Sovereign Arts': Essays in Literature, History, and Culture. Edited by Donald Stump, Linda Shenk, and Carole Levin. Medieval and Renaissance Texts
and Studies, vol. 407. Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies,
2011, 363 pp.
Elizabeth I and Her Age: A Norton Critical Edition. Co-Editor: Susan M. Felch. New York: W.W. Norton, 2009. 898 pp.
Elizabeth I and the 'Sovereign Arts': Essays in Literature, History, and Culture. Co-Editors: Linda Shenk and Carole Levin. Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies. Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, forthcoming.
Primary author, Sir Philip Sidney: An Annotated Bibliography of Texts and Criticism (1554-1984). New York: G.K. Hall/Macmillan, 1994. Co-authors: Jerome S. Dees and C. Stuart Hunter.
Editor-in-Chief, 'Hamartia': The Concept of Error in the Western Tradition. Essays in Honor of John M. Crossett. Co-editors: J.A. Arieti, Lloyd Gerson, and
Eleonore Stump. Texts and Studies in Religion, vol. 16. New York and Toronto: Edwin
Mellen Press, 1983.
Special Journal Issue
Images of Elizabeth I: A Quadricentennial Celebration. Edited by Donald Stump and Carole Levin. Explorations in Renaissance Culture 30 (Summer 2004): 158 pp.
"Mapping the Revisions to Arcadia: Geo-political Decision-Making in Sidney and Virgil." Sidney Journal. Forthcoming 2012.
"Reforming the Greek Tragic Hero: Cross-Dressing in Sidney's Old Arcadia." In Teaching Early Modern Prose, edited by Margaret W. Ferguson and Susan Monta. Options for Teaching Series. New York: Modern Language Association. Forthcoming.
"Learning from Women: Sidney's Critique of Humanist Education." In Challenging Humanism, edited by Ton Hoenselaars and Arthur F. Kinney. Newark, Del.: University of Delaware Press. 2005, pp. 154-78.
"Abandoning the Old Testament: Shifting Paradigms for Elizabeth, 1578-82." In Images of Elizabeth I: A Quadricentennial Celebration. Edited by Donald Stump and Carole Levin. Explorations in Renaissance Culture 30 (Summer 2004):89-109
"Fashioning Gender: Cross-Dressing in Spenser's Legend of Britomart and Artegall." Spenser Studies: A Renaissance Poetry Annual 15 (2001): 95-119.
"Marlowe's Travesty of Virgil: Dido and Elizabethan Dreams of Empire." Comparative Drama 34 (Spring 2000): 79-107.
Articles on "Prayer" and "Trinity." In A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature, ed. David Lyle Jeffrey. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, l992, pp. 626-31, 785-88. Co-author for "Trinity": David L. Jeffrey.
"Edmund Spenser." In The Concise Dictionary of British Literary Biography, vol. 1: Writers of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Detroit: Bruccoli, Clark, Layman, Gale Research, 1992, pp. 359-87. Reprinted in a revised and enlarged version in Sixteenth-Century British Nondramatic Writers, 3rd Series, ed. David A. Richardson. Detroit, Washington, D.C., and London: Gale Research, l996, pp. 228-63.
"The Two Deaths of Mary Stuart: Historical Allegory in Spenser's Book of Justice." Spenser Studies: A Renaissance Poetry Annual 9 (1991): 81-105.
"Pride" and "Tragedy." In The Spenser Encyclopedia, ed. A. C. Hamilton, Donald Cheny, W. F. Blissett, David Richardson, and William W. Barker. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990, pp. 556-57, 697.
"A Slow Return to Eden: Spenser on Women's Rule." English Literary Renaissance 29 (Fall 1999): 401-21.
"The Sidney Database and Sir Philip Sidney: A Reference Guide." Sidney Newsletter 10 (1989): 75-79.
"Sidney's Astrophil, Vanishing." Renaissance Papers (1988), pp. 1-13.
"Hamlet, Cain and Abel, and the Pattern of Divine Providence." Renaissance Papers (1985), pp. 27-38.
"Spenser's Inferno: The Order of the Seven Deadly Sins at the Palace of Pride." Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 14 (1984): 203-18. Co-author: John M. Crossett.
"Greek and Shakespearean Tragedy: Four Indirect Routes from Athens to London." In 'Hamartia': The Concept of Error in the Western Tradition. Essays in Honor of James M. Crossett. Texts and Studies in Religion, vol. 16. New York and Toronto: Edwin Mellen Press, l983, pp. 211-46.
"Isis Versus Mercilla: The Allegorical Shrines in Spenser's Legend of Justice." Spenser Studies: A Renaissance Poetry Annual 3 (1982): 87-98.
"Sidney's Concept of Tragedy in the Apology and in the Arcadia." Studies in Philology 79 (1982): 41-61.
"Britomart's Mock-Heroic Quest." In Spenser and the Middle Ages, ed. David Richardson (Cleveland, 1976), pp. 157-66. Microfiche proceedings of the Spenser Sessions, International Congress on Medieval Studies, May 1976.


text:
Explore Our Hotel
Guests Enjoy Lancaster Hotel's Rich Historic Location
Resting at the foot of Mount Pleasant, the Holiday Inn Express® Lancaster hotel's location in Lancaster, Ohio boasts a rich history. The area is marked by a balance of convenience, entertainment and beautiful landscapes, and is ideal for both business and leisure travelers alike.
With a location off of Business Route-33, visitors find that commuting is made easier for the hotel's business guests. In Lancaster, Ohio, there are many professional destinations, like Anchor Hocking, Diamond Power, Cyril-Scot, Ralston Foods and Fairfield Medical Center. The University of Ohio's Lancaster Campus is also located here in Lancaster, Ohio.
The hotel's guests enjoy the Civil War history found in downtown Lancaster, Ohio. The hotel's location is three miles from Main Street, where guests can take walking tours and visit some of the historic landmarks. The Ohio Glass Museum is also nearby and explains the role that the glass industry played in developing the city. Hocking Hills State Park is approximately 30 minutes away and provides a great setting for outdoor activities of all kinds in addition to remarkable scenery.
The amenities here at the Holiday Inn Express® Lancaster hotel are sure to satisfy. A Fitness Center, Business Center and 24-hour laundry facilities are perfect for lengthy stays, while the indoor pool provides on-site entertainment. Book today, and get lost in history.
- Black-out Shades
- Rollaway Bed/Cot Available
- Crib Available
- Iron/Ironing Board
- Separate Hanging Closet
- In-Room Heating and A/C Controls
- Extra Bedding Available
Bathroom/Personal Care
- Private Bathroom
- Bathroom Amenities Available
- Hair Dryer
- Bathtub
In-Room Features
- Mini Refrigerator
- Microwave
- Coffee Maker
- Flat-screen TV
- iPod Docking Station with Clock Radio
- Work Desk with Lamp
- Desk-level Electrical Outlet
- Free Local Calls
- Cable/Satellite
- Premium Channels
- Pay-per-view Available
- Video Games Available
- DVD/Video Rental
- Stereo/Radio
- Two-line Phone
- Phone with Voicemail
Added Value
- Connecting Rooms Available
- Complimentary Coffee/Tea Supplies
- Complimentary Bottled Water
- Full Breakfast Included
- Breakfast Buffet Included
- Continental Breakfast Included
- Complimentary Coffee in Lobby
- Kids Eat Free
- Off-site Restaurant Delivery Available
Business Services
- On-Site Business Center
- Printer
- Copier
- Office supplies available
Internet Access
- Free High-Speed Internet in all Rooms
- Wireless Internet service is free for all IHG® Rewards Club members
Entertainment & Recreation
- Indoor Pool
- Heated Indoor Pool
- Indoor Pool Hours of Operation: 6:00 AM - 11:00 PM
Health & Fitness
Complimentary Fitness Center
This air conditioned fitness center offers a bike, a universal stair-climber, a treadmill, free weights with bench, fitness ball ,tension bands and yoga mats. It also features a flat screen TV, and a work out mirrored wall.
Hours of Operation: 12:00 AM to 11:59 PM
Fitness Center Type: LIMITED
Fitness Center Equipment:
- Treadmill
- Elliptical Machines
- Stationary Bicycle
Housekeeping & Laundry
- Daily Housekeeping
- On-site Guest Self-Laundry Facilities
Added Value
- Wake Up Calls
- Storage Space Available
- Ice Machine
Hotel Details
1861 River Way Drive
Lancaster, Ohio 43130
United States
Check In: 3:00 PM
Check Out: 12:00 PM
Check-in Age: 21
Parking + -
- Complimentary Self Parking Available
Shuttle + -
- Fun Bus
Accessibility + -
- Public Entrance
- Guest Rooms
- Elevators
- Public Restrooms
- Registration Desk
- Exercise Facility
- Business Center
- Number of Accessible Meeting Rooms: 0
Accessible Hotel Areas
- Registration Area
- Accessible Guest Rooms
- Business Center
- Exercise Facility
- Pool
Hotel Areas with Accessible Routes from Accessible Public Entrance
- Accessible Self Parking
- Ramp Access
- Portable Bathtub Seats
- Closed Caption TVs
- Telephone with TDD
- Visual Alarm/Alert in Guest Rooms
- Visual Alarm/Alert in Public Spaces
Provided by Hotel
Pet Policy + -
- Pets Allowed
- Service Animals Allowed
- Pet Walking Area On-site
- Pet Fee per Night: 25 USD
- You may bring up to 2 of your pets when you stay with us. Pet friendly rooms are available on a first come first serve basis. Pets must be on a leash, and a pet policy must be signed by the pet owner. Our Pet Fee is 25.00 Per Pet Per Night.
Facility + -
- Smoke-Free Facility
- Number of Floors: 3
- Total Number of Rooms: 63
- Number of Suites: 15
- Number of Non-Smoking Rooms: 63
- Number of Accessible Rooms: 5
- Connecting Rooms Available
- Public Spaces Renovated in: 2012
- Guest Rooms Renovated in: 2012
Credit Cards + -
- American Express
- Visa
- MasterCard
- Diners Club
- Carte Blanche
- Discover


text:
HOTEL RESERVATIONS OPEN FOR 2015 FGS and RootsTech Conferences
Book Your Room Today
Book Your Room Today
June 6, 2014 – Austin, TX. Four Salt Lake City hotels are now taking reservations for the Federation of Genealogical Societies (FGS) and RootsTech conferences, which will be held February 11–14, 2015 at the Salt Palace Convention Center in Salt Lake City.
The Radisson Hotel Salt Lake City Downtown, Salt Lake Marriott Downtown at City Creek, Salt Lake Plaza Hotel, and Hilton Salt Lake City Center will offer reduced rates to attendees of both conferences. Each hotel is conveniently located near the Salt Palace Convention Center. Conference rates will be honored for reservation dates February 7 – 19, 2015. Reservations must be made by January 13, 2015 to receive the conference rates.
Rooms will be in high demand. Reserve yours now through the FGS conference website at http://www.fgsconference.org/2015/lodging.
Registration for both conferences will open in late August 2014. For additional information about the FGS conference visit www.FGSconference.org/2015.
About the Federation of Genealogical Societies (FGS)
The Federation of Genealogical Societies (FGS) was founded in 1976 and represents the members of hundreds of genealogical societies. FGS links the genealogical community by helping genealogical societies strengthen and grow through resources available online, FGS Forum magazine (filled with articles pertaining to society management and genealogical news), and Society Strategy Series papers, covering topics about effectively operating a genealogical society. FGS also links the genealogical community through its annual conference -- four days of excellent lectures, including one full day devoted to society management topics. To learn more visit http://www.fgs.org.
Follow us on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/FGSgenealogy), Twitter (http://www.facebook.com/FGSgenealogy) and on our blog at (http://voice.fgs.org).


text:
Ordering fish and chips
In the UK, many people enjoy eating fish and chips.
Did you know that the most common accident for cleaners was slipping over? Watch Anna explain to Rene some simple steps to help stop this happening. In this resource you will learn some new vocabulary and practice your listening skills.
Watch the video of Anne talking about what she likes watching on TV, then answer the questions.
A speaking and listening activity to help learners practise narrative tenses for storytelling. Aimed at lower level learners and above.
Do you need to write emails to say what happened to you in the past tense? Read Samran's email where she tells her friend Susan about how she found a new job and then complete the activities.


text: [Note: The description below is taken from the Youtube channel of Waterstones, which interviewed Ben Okri] "Rise Like Lions is an anthology of political poetry compiled by Ben Okri. With a sweeping range from Basho to Bob Marley this is poetry that inspires, informs and rings true from generation to generation. For National Poetry Day, we asked Ben to tell us more about the hallmarks of political poetry, whether it can effect change and why poetry is enjoying a resurgence of late".


text:
Mooching 2.0October 10, 2006
Today, on the day when I found a site that had no less than 43 social bookmarking icon links to add articles to your service of choice — most of which I've never heard of before, most of which I'll never visit — can we all please, please agree that this trend has officially jumped the shark?
(While we're at it, let's kill "Email To A Friend!" too. No? It was worth a try.)
This trend jumped the shark about nine months ago, as far as I'm concerned (and yes, I have a few of them on my personal site, so I'm as guilty as the next person).
More than a few of these on a single page is really, really obnoxious, in my opinion.
Yeah, I have no idea what the majority of those are. You'd think if a person uses some form of social bookmarking system that they would then know how to use it.
Agree - Ran into a site the other day that had well 60 plus listed in a drop down select menu. talk about overkill. Worst is trying to convince clients its not a good idea.
Does anyone use "email a friend any more".
Let's not be so quick to throw "Email this to a Friend" under the bus.
While it may not be popular in our community, I can almost bet you the average web surfer - most especially those reading news articles - still use that feature.
How do you think all of the inter-office email forwards get started?
"Digg plz kthx".
That's just as lame as showing the number of people subscribed to your feed.
It's a homeless man trying to sell you a house. You'll just laugh.
[sorry, this was meant to be part of the above comment].
I'm definitely with you on this one. Stop with the links. Then again, I add the XHTML/CSS validation links to that list as well. If I care that much that your page validates, I'll figure out how to do so.
[Digg this comment] [Add this comment to del.icio.us]
Reminds me of those sites that used to have five "Best Viewed In" image buttons at the bottom of the page.
I'm not one for email a friend, but it is amazing how many people use it on non-blog sites.
The "add me everywhere" stuff is a bit much, but I think (hope?) it'll die off before it expands more.
Yes! Yes! A thousand times, yes!
You're right, that is stupid.
Officially killed on my site.
Can't we all agree to just let the user decide if, when and to what service to add things to? I mean, there are enough bookmarklets, scripts and widgets out there to do this anyway. No need to show every user every option available to them.
And Snook is right too. Validation buttons are not really necessary either. Though I should probably listen to my own advice on that one.
I only see 42 (6x7) but I guess there was another somewhere else…
anyway, I have 6 or 7 of those from a WP blog that I haven't even touched in months, so over WP and the whole blogging scene anyway, and yea, 90% of my checks show that validation button sites DON'T
fyi: I see 82 access warnings on this site, I have 63 myself as of today only because I'm adding a star-rating candy shot that isn't quite right and I'm too sleepy to look at it anymore tonight
Peace out.
I thought about this and figured there was just no end to it. You whack on the ones you've heard of…but then oh no! there are more….
Surely all the services have their own methods anyway. I guess it's just a subtle (or not) way to prompt the user to bookmark the post.
You mean you guys don't go and spend the extra 12 minutes to click on each icon after you read the content for 30 seconds? Hmm…
"Does anyone use 'email a friend any more'."
I do. I send interesting news articles to my father, and occasionally he'll toss one my way. We're both sort of news junkies and using some sort of web service would be overkill. Never on blogs, however.
And yes, the social bookmarking thing was annoying at anything past three icons. I use a del.icio.us bookmarklet and although I read Digg (minus the video, playable web games, videos, sports, entertainment, and Apple sections) I almost never submit anything.
Same thing goes for the RSS icon set. Firefox 2.0 RC2 makes them obsolete.
Mail a friend seems a bit dated. I think those familiar to the web are able to email or better yet, IM the link to somebody else. In a B2B setting this functionality still seems useful.
'Add me too, please' buttons on a web page seem a bit odd to me. They might be handy I suppose, however, I've never used them. Gotta love those firefox extensions.
Even worse is that some even add them to their RSS feeds! Talk about redundant!
> "if a person uses some form of social bookmarking system that they would then know how to use it."
Amen. Those icons are only there in an attempt to benefit the site owner (by driving traffic), not the user.
I love the wikipedia disection of the phrase - jumping the shark…
'Many have noted the shark episode [from Happy Days] as the moment when they realized the show was no longer worth watching'
'Email a friend' has it's purposes: An example is when you've used a website to configure a product (PC, holiday, bathroom/kitchen etc.), and you want to email details to your partner to check if it's OK. Usually/often, the URL just won't work, so an 'email to friend' option gives the website the chance to store the config, produce some (brief) blurb, and send a convenient package to your friends.
Admittedly, this is a tad different from your bog-standard 'email this URL' functionality… but visually, it's the same.
This reminds me of the old days when people used to put some animated graphics, moving objects and colored, flying items in their web pages, believing that such thing is awesome! I don't exactly remember when that type of website owners started to realize the fact, which claims that a website is different from circus.
Why not use some JS browser history checking/sniffing to only show the ones the visitor uses. Don't use this if your visitors are very privacy aware.
A sample script for checking history:
That block of tiny icons in your article looks pretty beautiful, though. But I agree they need to go. On the other hand, I think Email A Friend still has its purposes.
"Email to friend" is an essential tool for community/voluntary sector and music sector sites - and probably countless others. Usage in these sectors is huge, as all our stats and user feedback prove. If we're talking about useful functionality, then it is a fine example. Look how the BBC site utilizes the feature, and draws "Top 5 Emailed" stats from it.
I know what you mean, Dave. I don't use the feature, but many, many do. Sometimes, many of us in our industry under-estimate what users actually want and/or need.
"Same thing goes for the RSS icon set. Firefox 2.0 RC2 makes them obsolete."
I still think the RSS links will be necessary for quite some time yet. People who are stuck on IE6 don't want to have to go into the source for the RSS feed information (most don't knows it's there anyway).
"If I care that much that your page validates, I'll figure out how to do so."
A very good point that I never even thought about. I'm guilty of thinking "it is in the default wordpress theme so it must be proper right?" Well no more, thanks Jonathan.
Before you blanket get rid of email to a friend, please do some usability research. I have worked with someone who runs a site that gets about 2 million page views per month and says that the email to a friend feature is used a LOT.
The site is not a techy site, so it depends which audience you are catering for at least.
As Jeff says, nine months ago sounds about right; I inveighed against it then.
Who uses these? No, seriously.
Who "gets" these? No one but the chronic ubergeeks of the blogging crowd. Ask around if you don't believe me. Which leaves us with… um, 99% of today's web users in a clueless state about what these are?
Me, I prefer my self-made bookmarks for these tasks, thank you very much.
Jumping the shark indeed.
This reminds me of those award site logos that some flash designers paste all over their page - most of which I have never heard of.
I personally take the attitude that people will either bookmark the site, or they won't. Having a link to let them bookmark it just makes it seem as if you're trying to make them want to bookmark it more, and actually deters me from bookmarking it.
Not only that, but people who use the services (speaking as a del.icio.us and digg user), I have bookmarklets to submit links anyway and I've clicked one of those before I even thought about searching a page for a small icon.
Web 2.0 : Myspace for geeks.
I use del.icio.us and I've never used those links ever (I have a bookmarklet). If I saw more than 5 on a blog I would not bookmark what they had to say out of principle.
Kill them, please! Everyone help out by removing them from your sites at once. Then blog about it, let the virus spread.
Kill the "mail to friend" links, too. Every site should generate the same content when issued a GET request to the same URL. Also, kill those stupid JavaScript "print this article" links that just call window.print() …
Remember JavaScript "back" links that take you a step back in browsing history, just like the back button does? Well they're gone now. I hope all these die out soon, too.
Just wait until marketing people starting getting into this. You'll start seeing dozens of these little icons all over everything.
Digg this banner ad!
I have had this exact conversation multiple times with a friend of mine–often pointing out the ridiculousness of some sites have more than 2 dozen tiny bookmarking icons.
Indeed, when will this madness end?? Your post has prompted me to have a mini rant of my own on the subject: http://tinyurl.com/nxz6g
I use them, on my site and other people's.
There will at some point be a drop in the amount of social bookmarking programs out there - and I do agree showing every single one is a bit off the wall.
For me it works because many times I don't think about bookmarking the information until I see the link.
It also exposes people to the idea of social bookmarking, they are relatively new (even to our field) and not everyone knows about them nor has jumped on board.
While people can of course, make up their mind to use them or not it is a hint that "Hey its easy, any post you like you can click an icon and move on."
Usage of the icon vs your firefox/ie/oprah plugin asside, I see the value in more people using social bookmarking and services like digg/newsvine. If a few icons at the bottom of a post help grow those services they don't bother me.
So this must be "43 Things" then ;-)
It is a popularity contest! In all seriousness, I have seen people add it to their sites and eventually even remove it. It is ridiculous … call it the digg effect. I believe we need an intelligent bookmarking service that works like a intelligent search engine.
Despite the simplicity doctrine of web 2.0 apps, "more is better", "more is professional", "more is freedom" thoughts are always going to reign as a default thought pattern.
amen and amen. social bookmarking = why bother? I hate it when people try to create trends rather than letting them happen.
Hey, and ______.com? it's a powerfull and clear social bookmaking site with a big community on it. How can add it in to this list?
(DS: Clueless. Simply clueless. No Google juice for you.)
Hey Dave, you don't seem to have a "digg this article" icon. How are we supposed to digg this now? :)
Although I agree the need for 'email to a friend' links seems superfluous, people do use them. Not only do they use them, but they write long and detailed messages with them. I just wish I knew the reason why.
I was about to write something similar to this myself, but I'll just link here instead. When we start to need tools like Socializer (http://ekstreme.com/socializer/) to manage these links, you know its gone too far.
Not sure I agree about the validation links though. There's still plenty of people that should know about validation and don't. I added a little 'why' link beside mine to explain what they're about.
All I have to say on this matter: LOL!
Nice post Dave.
Holy crap! That is crazy. I was overwhelmed when I had to choose between del.icio.us and mag.noli.a … or however these dotty sites spell their names!
Is there a simple 'Add this to every social bookmarking site that exists (or doesn't yet exist yet)'? Just wait …
Can someone explain to me the need to put a "permalink" everywhere? In 2006 what function does a permalink serve? And admit it, next year you are going to change from Movable Type to Wordpress or from Wordpress to Expression Engine, and these "permalinks" may or may not still link anywhere.
I admit I may not fully understand as I am a dyed-in-the-wool send-to-friender.
Tom, with the correct rewrite rules, it shouldn't matter which engine you use or migrate to.
I like the email-me link. It's more prevalent then the social bookmark links I think and I was going to use it for a little tool. Instead of putting a friend's email, I'm planning on building a little service with an email endpoint - and see what happens from there.
Couldnt agree more, Feed them to the sharks!
Hmm .. while 43 of them is definite overkill, I do think that they can provide a nice introduction to social bookmarking. Not everyone knows about social bookmarking yet .. this is one way to make them aware.
Yes, it certainly is overkill on websites these days. Not to mention, most of them are hideous!
Hmmm.. nice article… methinks im gonna email this to my friend :)
I really hate these superfluous icons, but they do help get your site more recommendations. 43 links would scare most people away, but when someone sees a nicely placed "Digg This" link they are more likely to do so.
I decided to keep 5 of the most popular ones on my site, but having read the comments I think I should add a "email a fried" link too :)
Time for a new "Post It To All" service?
At least I'm honest enough to admit no one's going to bookmark my site.
To this, can I add that we eliminate those dumb 'Get Firefox' or 'Browse Happy' banners?
I have a bookmarklet in my browser top bar saying "post this to delicious" and that's pretty much all I ever use. I have thought about integrating some bookmarking options to my blogs but I'm happy that I didn't. It's just getting ridiculuous.
I do use a "get Firefox" button on a blog where I expect the majority of users not using it already, and I think that makes sense.
Wow, I didn't know it was getting that bad. These eyesores were #6 in my "Top 10 Ways to Uglify Your Blog."
The truth is, people need to learn that the interface belongs in the browser, not the website. Providing buttons for all sorts of features, even font-resizing, stylesheet switching, etc. is only a poor subsitute for things you can do with your browser (including all the post-buttons offered by all these social bookmarking services).
I saw something similar when visting some site the other day, except on this site it were links to about 19 different feed sources…
"At least I'm honest enough to admit no one's going to bookmark my site."
This one made me laugh. :)
How extremely refreshing to hear people finally standing up against this!
Sam Richter - I don't think the 'Browse Happy' buttons should be lumped in there with the 'Get Firefox' ones. I know where you're coming from and personally I use neither, but the Browse Happy site is genuinely doing good in terms of pushing web standards more to the forefront, and for IE users just getting into standards, it lays the situation out on the line beautifully.
I stick with Digg and Delicious as the two bookmarking sites that I support on my blog.
I do agree that things have gotten kinda crazy with this whole bookmarking networks business… :S
I still find that the TAF (email-a-friend) is applicable within certain markets more than others. As I've worked with several musicians, I've noted that TAF still has its place as another, convenient way people can generate buzz about an artist. It also always amazes me that certain audiences still haven't figured out how to copy a URL from their browser, paste it into their email client, and click "send." The TAF offers better useability for these people.
Typically, I've found TAF most useful if:
:: the TAF app allows users to enter multiple recipient addresses
:: the TAF link is made available within the body or a sidebar of the website
:: the TAF link is made available within targeted email messages
Amen, amen, and amen. I hated the trend at the get-go.
I still like validation links though (not buttons), I think they still help educate folks who don't know anything about validation. Clicking the XHTML and CSS links on websites is what got me into web standards in the first place.
It is social bookmarking after all. Spreading the news, there are of course the most popular services of all like digg, magnolia, delicious, bloglines (forgive my spelling) and dozens of others practically unknown. We feed first the big sharks than the small fish. Any of them has the right to exist as long as someone writes a handy web app to bookmark all at once. Just add the URL and descrption, feed your username and pass, all at once. Otherwise it is a waste of time.
It's starting to look like a spam those little social bookmarking icons. and dont kill email to friend - i use it oftenly to send it , but not to my friend, to me :)
While where cleaning up, can we please get rid of "add to my yahoo" and it's 23 colleagues? The RSS thingies are getting almost as worse as the social bookmarks one. Maybe it's an option to include one (I repeat: o n e) rss button which only shows in older browsers without build-in rss support.
And now we're on the subject: the 'make this site your start-page' really need to go. I find them on the most uninteresting sites with content I don't even want to read once, let alone see it multiple times a day.
I figure that the average users of these services will have a bookmarklet for easy bookmarking anyway.
I like the bookmark icons. I think showing a few of the most popular ones is useful. I don't always surf on my computer, which is the one with the bookmarklet for del.icio.us. I also don't think 40+ icons is helpful, which is why I use a drop down menu for all but the most popular.
Is it not possible to standartize the way to add bookmarks from a site? With the fast rate of new emerging social bookmarking sites it quickly becomes difficult to keep up.
If a link or microformat or something is provided, the different bookmarking services just have to provide a tool/plugin to recognize this and bookmark the page if clicked..
Or is this too much to ask for?
How embarassing!
I totally had those icons on my blog posts … have removed them with shame after reading all the comments. ;)
In my defense … I originally got the idea from Roger Johansson over at 456 Berea Street who had, as I recall, "add to delicious" and "digg this" buttons at the bottom of his posts.
Roger Johansson is so popular that it seems like he'll get 50 responses to a post about what he ate for lunch! I, on the other hand, am lucky to get 5 responses to my posts, so I thought that whatever he does can't be a bad idea.
The problem was that the only plugin for Wordpress that I could find that worked was the Sociable Bookmarking Plugin. But even though it says that you can choose which icons appear and which don't in the options, for me the options page always produced an error. So, the bottom line is that I had no choice but to display all the icons (or none).
Needless to say, I went with all - and that looks like exactly what the author of the site you came across did (I recognize the order of those icons!). So, it wasn't really something that I wanted to do … it was just the only way I found of having digg and deliscious icons show up.
Forgive me?
I've always avoided these like the plague, but I have to say this one thing …
There's only one good reason to put a "bookmark this" link on your site (and it's NOT to get more people to digg you, you beggars) … to promote your favorite linking site.
And as a response to what someone else said earlier, the same thing applies to those "validate" links. Go ahead, put them on your site – not because we don't know how to validate your site if we care, but to promote the writing of code that *does* validate …
Think of it as putting bumper stickers on your car. Most of us don't think it's tacky to put a couple bumper stickers on your car: your favorite sports team or rock band, your Alma Mater, whatever… But you definitely look silly when you've got so many bumper stickers on your car that nobody can read them all while driving by …
Yeah, I toned down my sites too. The wordpress sociable plugin offers too many choices; I use two, del.icio.us and digg.
The reason I reduced was the site 'looked' ugly with that many little logos after each post. It was way too distracting and didn't add value to the post.
Though it did take me a few months to realize it…:-(
I'm extremely tech-savvy, and I use the "email to a friend" links from time to time. Sometimes it's just easier, sometimes I'm at somebody else's computer and want to send the link to _myself_. Nothing wrong with them at all.
As for the social bookmarking links – I've never even so much as looked at those systems.
Now there's an all-in-one it seems.
Harhar, that is great. Usability testing probably showed the respective site owner that adding more than n bookmark icons doesn't add up to the overall confusion and rejection anymore (which already reached 100% by then).
And for those concerned about the "intro to social bookmarking," if you want people that read your site to learn about it, blog about it.
I admit the comments in this post were a bit of an eye opener when it comes to the "email this to a friend" links. I never use them personally, but it's interesting to see how many folks do.
As an update, Alex King created a rather cool Share This plugin for Wordpress: http://alexking.org/blog/2006/11/13/share-this-10
It places one icon and text after each post, with a scripted dropdown to the popular sharing services when a visitor clicks on the icon. Clean and efficient.


text:
When you talk about protecting our youth, the discussion should involve not only the school district, but the police and fire departments and other local first responders. You must invite leaders from the community to the discussion table.
Today, the high schools and middle schools in U-46 have a police officer stationed at them during school hours. I think, with the support of the local police officers, we need to consider having a police officer at or near all schools in the district, including the elementary and preschools. Perhaps, where there are several schools close together, an officer on patrol could be always in the immediate vicinity of the school and checking in with an administrator within the school regularly.
Technology also is important in keeping our kids safe. There are already cameras at entry points within our schools, and we need to ensure that people both inside the school and a security officer or a police officer are able to view those cameras as well. Technology goes far beyond video surveillance; there are silent call buttons and mass notification options that need to be considered as well.
We need to make sure that when it comes to the safety of our children we are having the discussions we need to, on a regular basis. The schools should be doing drills, not just fire and tornado drills, but safety and security drills as well.
SITE: Article originally writen by Frank Napolitano "Place police officers in or near all schools" "Daily Harald 8 Feb 2013" http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20130208/discuss/702089980/


text:
I found this while looking into John's question yesterday. Credit given at the end of the article.
Marine Ich (Cryptocaryon irritans)
One of the marine aquarists devils. So many articles have been written about it. Many are long or are in multiple parts. A lot is known about this marine fish disease because of the many $$$ put into research by the fish farming and aquaculture industries. First discovered (or the better word is 'noticed') in the 1800's and later more understood in the 1900's, weve learned about all there is to know about this parasite by the 2000's.
I dont want to write a long post on Marine Ich (MI) but the reader, in as brief of space as possible, should know some truths. The aquarist 'sees something' and then 'guesses' as to what it means and thus starts another round of rumors. It's almost a type of voodoo. It's easier to listen to a rumor of a short absolute statement then it is to read and understand the results of decades of studies and experiments. It is easier to try and take shortcuts with this disease by believing the parasite to be able or capable to do things or die from things it just can't, then it is to do the work to kill it, control it, or prevent it by the means that are known to work.
If you think your fish might be infected, this is the post you should read and follow: Curing Fish of Marine Ich
It's time to separate out the rumors from the facts and the subjective observations (which start rumors) from actual scientific studies. In bullet form, heres what is known:
Life and Visuals:
1, The parasite has several stages in its life cycle. Cyst in aquarium (usually on substrate, decoration, wall, equipment, or rock) ruptures into free-swimming parasites that burrow into fish, grow into a visible white nodule that is pregnant with more parasites, that usually falls off the fish to form a cyst that starts the cycle over again.
2. Only time a human can see this parasite with the naked eye is when it is pregnant on the fish and has formed a white nodule. (The white spot is about the size of a grain of table salt or sugar).
3. Parasites that have just burrowed into the fish are not visible until 2.
4. Cycle can be completed in less than 7 days, but usually within 24 days BUT can go as long as 72 days. Literature usually quotes average number of days. 72 days is rare; 60 days usually encompasses more than 99.9% of the observations and research.
5. This is not the same as the freshwater disease, Ich (Ichthyophthirius multifilis) but it was named after it?! This leads freshwater aquarists to thinking the wrong things about Marine Ich, adding to the myths and rumors.
6. MI is not very sensitive to temperature changes. That is, increasing the temperature does not significantly decrease the life cycle time. This is not true with Freshwater Ich (which is where this rumor of raising the temperature on a marine aquarium with MI comes from).
7. MI can live and reproduce in temperatures as low as 50F and as high as 90F. Thus temperatures that would kill MI would first kill or severely stress most tropical marine fishes.
8. Spots appear then disappear as MI goes through its cycle. Remember 2. This 'disappearing act' is what leads uninformed aquarists to believe the fish are cured. This is the dumbest thing aquarists can possibly think about this parasite!
9. Parasite likes infecting the fishs gills. The tissue there has more water passing by so there is an increase in chance the free-swimming parasite will get to the gill. This is one reason why fast breathing (over 80-90 swallows in one minute) is one of the symptoms of possible infection.
10. The parasite burrows into the fish, below the mucous layer and into the skin. (This is why cleaner fish/shrimp cant get to it in order to remove them from the fish). The second dumbest thing an aquarist can think: I'll get some cleaner fish or cleaner shrimp to remove/eat the parasite. THESE MARINE LIFE DO NOT EAT THE PARASITE NOR WILL FISH OR SHRIMP REMOVE THE PARASITE FROM THE INFECTED FISHES.
11. Parasite is transmitted in water (free-swimming and cyst stages), or by falling off of an infected fish (even one that seems healthy because of 9.). This means that water OR fish from another aquarium can carry the disease to another aquarium.
12. The parasite can infect bony fishes, including eels, sharks, and rays, though many species of fish, like Mandarins, have a good resistance to MI, they can still be infected and can harbor or carry the parasite. Invertebrates, snails, crabs, corals, plants, etc. are not affected/infected by MI, but the MI can be in their water, shells, etc.
13. There is no such thing as a dormant stage for MI. The parasite cant wait around for another host. It MUST go through its cycle. Dr. Burgess recorded that in the cyst stage, he found the longest existing cyst to last for 60 days before releasing the free-swimming parasites. This is rare but possible.
14. INTERESTING FIND: If no new MI is introduce into an infected aquarium, the MI already there continues to cycle through multiple generations until about 10 to 11 months when the MI has worn itself out and becomes less infective. A tank can be free of an MI infestation if it is never exposed to new MI parasites for over 11 months.
1. Hyposalinity - Using a refractometer, hold salinity at 11ppt to 12ppt until 4 weeks after the last spot was seen. (Best to use salinity, but if you use specific gravity, that equates to roughly 1.008 to 1.009 sp. gr. units). Raise salinity slowly and observe fish for 4 more weeks. Hard to control pH and water quality during treatment. This is the least stressful treatment for the fish. See: http://www.reefsanctuary.com/forums/...t-process.html
2. Copper treatment - Follow medication recommendations. Can be effective in 2 to 4 weeks of treatment. After treatment, remove all copper and observe fish for 4 more weeks. Copper is a poison to the fish and creates some stress. The fish may stop eating. See end of this post for other things that can go wrong. See: http://www.reefsanctuary.com/forums/...-problems.html
3.. Transfer method - Fish is moved from tank to tank to separate the fish from the cysts that fall off and the free-swimming stages of the parasite. Two hospital tanks are needed to perform this treatment. The fish is stressed by having to keep moving it between these hospital tanks.
4. Only the above 3 known readily available cures work almost 100% of the time. Other chemicals will kill the MI parasite, but only in special conditions (not good for the fish) or in lab experiments (not using marine fish). Some chemicals will only kill some of the organisms, letting the others escape death to go on to multiply and infect. There are certain (human) prescription drugs that will work also, but they are not available to the public and really shouldn't be used when these three are so effective. (Those drugs still require a quarantine tank treatment).
5. Not any of the treatments can be done in a display tank with true live rock. Must be done in a hospital tank or quarantine tank. The hyposalinity and the copper treatment would kill invertebrates, live rock, and other non-fish marine life. Substrates and carbonates interfere with a copper treatment. Use artificial SAFE decorations in the QT.
6. No known reef-safe remedies work consistently. Many aquarists think a particular remedy works when in fact the fish acquire an immunity or defense against the parasite. Its easy for any manufacturer to have an independent study done on the effectiveness of the reef-safe remedy but they dont because. . .
7. Cleaner shrimp and cleaner wrasses are not known to pick these parasites off of fish. (See 10. above).
8. Freshwater dips can kill some of the parasites on/in the fish, but not all of them because many of the parasites are protected by the fish's skin and mucous layer. (See 10. above).
9. No dip can get rid of these parasites because primarily of 10. above.
10. Let aquarium go fishless (without any foreign saltwater additions (e.g., water from
11. NEVER combine a copper treatment with a hyposalinity treatment. In hyposaline solutions it is hard to control pH. When pH fluctuates (down) the copper present can be lethal to marine fishes. When using certain complexed copper medications, like Cupramine, the two can be used together with greater safety. However I strongly advise even doing this. During a hyposalinity treatment, it is hard to control the pH. The buffering ability of the water is very weak, so pH shifts are very easy. In the presence of a copper medication, a sudden drop in pH can cause copper poisoning to the fish. BOTH the copper and hyposalinity treatment poses some stress to the fish. Should they have to endur both? Just choose one and do it properly. Follow the process to make the determination on the way you want to treat the infected fish, found here: Curing Fish of Marine Ich
Defense and Immunity:
1. The fishs mucous coating can provide some protection from the parasite. The mucous coating is where some fish immunity develops.
2. When water temperature drops, mucous coating is often reduced or lost in marine fishes, that is why sometimes MI becomes visible on the body of the fish after a sudden drop in temperature. This meant, however, that the disease was present and living in the aquarium, infecting fish without the aquarist having been aware of it.
3. No fish, no matter how good its defense is, can stop being infected. A healthy fish will and can be equally infected as a sick or stressed fish. What happens is the aquarists sees one or more fish with the disease and assumes because none are seen on the other fish in the aquarium that they are 'disease free.' NOT. Aquarists can't always see the parasites. See above top, 2., 3., and 9. All fish in an infected tank require treatment.
4. A weak, stressed, or sick fish will die sooner than a healthy fish, but is no more likely to get infected than the healthy fish.
5. A fish that survives an attack may develop proteins in the mucous coating that will help fend off the parasite (this is a type of immune response). An immune fish will usually not show being infected. Unfortunately. . .(see 6. below). . .
6. An immune fish doesnt remain immune. Separated from the disease for months, the once immune fish can become MI infected. OR if the immunity weakens, the fish will be attacked.
7. Immunization seems to work, but not affordable or likely available to the hobby for many more decades. The immunization materials are hard to make, expensive, and slow to produce. Immunization usually only works for several months at a stretch.
Subjective and Non-Subjective Observations, Claims, and Common Myths
1. Some Tangs seem more susceptible. True. Their mucous coatings are reduced in thickness and composition. They swim up to 25 miles a day in the ocean in search for food so maybe Mother Nature provided them with this as a means of 'escape.'
2. It goes away on its own. Untrue. Only visible at one stage IF it is on the body or fin of the fish. Its the life cycle. If it was once seen, then it hasn't gone away -- it's just not visible to the aquarist.
3. It goes away with a reef-safe remedy. Untrue. This is one of the biggest and most 'dangerous' of the misrepresentations in the hobby. The aquarist thinks everything is okay when it isn't. What usually has happened is that the parasite has killed the fish it will kill and the rest have developed a resistance or immunity. The parasite is still in the aquarium, possibly infecting the gills of the fish where it cant be seen.
4. It was gone then when a new fish is added, it is there again. Not true. See 3. It wasnt gone or the new fish brought in the disease with it. A new addition to an aquarium can be the stress which triggers the other fish to reduce their defense or immunity, thus allow the parasite to 'bloom' to the point where the infection is now visible to the aquarist.
5. The fish lived the last outbreak then died during the second or subsequent outbreak. Can be true. The fish had a resistance or immunity that it lost.
6. It was accurately diagnosed as MI spots, then never showed up again. It wasnt MI or the fish quickly developed an immediate immunity or resistance, or the fish is still infected in the gills.
7. MI can hang around almost unnoticed with just a body spot now and then because it often resides just in the gills. True. So it is gone after it was here is very unlikely.
8. Aquariums always have MI. Untrue. MI can be kept out of an aquarium. Just quarantine all fish and dont let non-quarantined livestock get into the aquarium. After keeping thousands of marine fishes, my home aquariums have been free of MI since 1970.
9. Fish always have MI. Untrue. In the wild they often show up to 30% infected (or more) but the wild fish survive minor infections. In the tank the parasite can 'bloom.' In the tank the fish can't get away. The combination of bloom and no escape will overcome the fish. In capture and transportation the fish can share the disease and thus many wild caught marine aquarium fishes do have this parasite, but not all.
10. Like 9. a fish can't be made to be totally rid of MI. Untrue. All marine fish can be cured and rid of any MI infection.
11. Just feed the fish well and/or feed it garlic and it will be okay. Untrue. I compare this approach to this one: "Granny has pneumonia. Let's keep her home rather than take her to the hospital. We'll feed her well with chicken soup and vitamins." Nutrition, foods, vitamins, etc. don't cure an infected fish. An infected fish is sick and is being tortured by the itching and discomfort. It might pull through and obtain Resistance or immunity (see above) but while you sit comfortably in your home, the fish is being stressed by having to contend with a parasite. Don't let this happen to the fish. Cure it!!
12. A new cure has been discovered. Unlikely. If the aquarist thinks they have found a new cure, then have it researched and independently tested. It's easy and cheap. If it is as good as the above 3 then the professional veterinarians, private and public aquariums, fish farms, and I will use it. The aquarist needs to keep the perspective of how devastating this parasite is not to just the hobby but to the whole fish farming industry. Any new way of 100% treatment will make headlines!
13. If the MI can't always be detected, then why bother with a quarantine procedure? In the confines of a small quarantine and being there for no less than 6 weeks, the MI parasite will make itself known because the fish is weakened and the fish can't get away from being re-infected by multiplying MI parasites. In other words, the quarantine procedure instigates a 'bloom' of the parasite which will make it visible to the aquarist.
14. All white nodules fall off the fish and move on to the cyst stage. Untrue. It has been discovered that, on very rare occasions (why we don't know) the white nodule will encyst and rupture while still on the fish.
15. UV and/or Ozone kills MI. Ozone doesn't kill all parasites that pass through the unit, nor does the water treated with ozone kill the parasites. UV only kills the parasites that pass through the unit. Not all MI parasites will pass through the unit, so the UV will not rid an aquarium of MI. A UV can help prevent a 'bloom' of the parasites however, and thus help in its control. UV is not a cure nor a preventative measure for MI.
16. Spots are MI. Untrue. Probably one of the most problematic causes for rumors and myth-information in the hobby is assuming the spot is Marine Ich when it may be one of another few dozen other parasites or conditions (e.g., pimple-like reaction to infection) that look like Marine Ich. The mis-diagnosis is often the cause for claims of what cured MI, when the fish didn't have MI to start with.
17. My
Leebca reef sanctuary