text:
|System for managing database of communication recipients
|Gormley et al.
|Apparatus and method for editing text
|Hatayama et al.
|Method and apparatus for collecting and displaying information from diverse computer resources
|Cardinal et al.
|Information file processing apparatus and method
|Watanabe et al.
|Document processing apparatus
|Document processing system
|Koda et al.
|Method for distributed task fulfillment of web browser requests
|Lagarde et al.
a) a plurality of content providers for transmitting said document portions in said communications network;
b) a service provider for relaying said document portions to a network user;
c) a user set for displaying said document portions to said network user;
d) a controller for parsing said original document to locate said identifier portion of each of said original document portions, determining said information portion of each of said original document portions to identify an undesired original document portion and issuing a swap order when said undesired original document portion is found;
e) a substitute document server for receiving said swap order and for sending a substitute document portion to said controller; and
f) a swapping means for inserting said substitute document portion in place of said undesired original document portions to obtain said modified document.
a) parsing said original document to locate said identifier portion of each of said original document portions;
b) determining said information portion of each of said original document portions to identify an undesired original document portion;
c) issuing a swap order when said undesired original document portion is found and sending said swap order to a substitute document portion server;
d) receiving said swap order in said substitute document server and sending said substitute document portion to a controller; and
e) inserting said substitute document portion in place of said undesired original document portion with a swapping means thereby producing said modified document.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to modifying documents sent over a communications network, and in particular to a system and method for determining the information contents of document portions and replacing undesired document portions with substitute document portions or inserting substitute document portions.
2. Description of Prior Art
To a large degree, the information age has been brought about by rapid advances in the field of communications and communications networks in particular. Increasingly, information which could formerly be presented in tangible, permanent media is reformatted and rendered for display on screens and monitors. Virtually any information presentable as text or text and graphics is being converted into suitable electronic messages or packets for shuttling across a communications network.
A communications network, e.g., the Internet, has an architecture in which information packets from resources or content providers is made available through service providers to users who subscribe to the service. The actual transmission takes place over the communication links of various bandwidths and types which make up the network. Content providers typically store this electronic data on server machines connected directly to the Internet in standard format. The data is broken down into packets and these are then transmitted over the communication link. Among the diverse types of information which may be placed on the Internet in this way are articles, news briefs and updates, weather maps, books, summaries, files, software, catalogues, documents, pictorials, video files, public records, commercial literature and so forth.
Clearly, the number of packets which can be transmitted via a communications network is vast and varied. To aid in sorting, routing and transmitting information on the Internet the content of any given packet is usually identified by its origin (address of the content provider), a brief summary located in a conspicuous portion of the packet (e.g., in the header) or some other identification information. For example, the Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol followed by NetWare routers, distributed by Novell, Inc., execute a so-called Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Service Advertising Protocol (SAP). The RIP protocol involves periodic RIP broadcast packets containing all routing information known to the router. These packets are used to keep the global network synchronized. In addition, the protocol provides for periodically sending SAP broadcast packets containing all server information known to the SAP agent. Thus, the network system keeps track of the contents of the various packets to facilitate transfer, mitigate traffic problems and perform other vital operations.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,530,852 issued to Meske, Jr. et al. the inventors disclose a method and system for receiving information in a first file written in a first markup language and identifying the information contents. The method and system ensure that even complex packets of information are processed by generating a list of profiles and topics for each list of the profiles. Secondary and tertiary files are created with anchors referencing particular information in the first file. A parsing procedure is taught by Meske to ascertain whether any information in the first file (original packet) is relevant. If so, fourth and fifth files containing the desired information are created and sent to the user.
Meske's system and method can be adapted to block or filter entire packets or portions thereof on a content-basis before performing the necessary steps to display the information--usually in the form of a page--on the user's screen. The document is later parsed to extract the profile and build additional pages to catalog and access the information. This method for building a knowledge base with embedded content profiles and in a document is useful but limited to processing the received information only.
The above-mentioned IPX protocol and similar methods which determine the information contents of packets and use them in the routing process can be employed to control the transfer of packets. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,541,911 issued to Nilakantan et al. discloses a remote smart filtering communication management system which uses the information contents data to alleviate network traffic problems.
In particular, Nilakantan controls the traffic across a communication link between a remote network and a central device by applying forwarding rules. The resources monitor the characteristics of the forwarded data packets received across the communication link to learn characteristics of the users of the remote network. In response to the learned characteristics, the resources generate link management messages and forward these to the remote interface. The remote link management resources in the remote interface are responsive to the link management messages and tailor the forwarding rules to the user characteristics. The packets can now be filtered or blocked based on user characteristics.
The use of selective blocking and filtering of packets by Nilakantan et al. is applied to ultimately reduce network traffic. The invention is centered around sending management messages which are then used to optimize packet traffic across given links in the network. In other words, the problem addressed by this invention is the high volume caused by the proliferation of packets on the network.
Blocking and filtering of packets or their parts can be employed to speed up the page rendering process on the user's screen. For example, blocking functions may restrict packets from a list of providers or an entire block of providers from ever being sent to the user. This feature allows one to prevent undesired packets (e.g., packets containing adult material) from being sent to the user and rendered on his or her screen. Filters can be preset to chose packets based on the time they require for rendering or in accordance with other user-specified standards (e.g., information contents). Proper application of these two functions results in an optimized and personalized page rendering procedure.
In the most common practical scenario, however, a network user sends a direct request for an entire document from a terminal located on his or her premises to the service provider. The provider verifies whether the document is already stored in local memory and, if not, obtains this document from the content provider. While the user's request is processed the service provider usually passes on to the user a number of unsolicited document portions, e.g., document portions from other service providers such as advertisement servers. Thus, the subscriber receives, in addition to the requested document(s), numerous other document portions of varying degrees of interest or importance to him or her. When the page is rendered on the user's screen these embedded document portions are displayed as a part of the document.
Under these circumstances, what is needed is a system and method for modifying or substituting undesired document portions rather than performing blocking and filtering functions on the packet level. For example, the service provider, the user or another party may wish to exchange or modify a document being sent to the user. This situation may occur when the service provider wishes to enclose vital information with the document requested by the user. The use of the bandwidth allocated to a less important document portion, hence a document portion swap, would be highly appropriate for this purpose. In another situation, the user may wish to block undesired document portions. For instance, when recording television programming on the VCR recorder the user can selectively block advertising material from being recorded. Analogously, when rendering a web page the user may wish to omit specific document portions from being rendered on the page.
At the present time the problems associated with this type of document modification have not been addressed, much less solved. Consequently, what is needed is a system and method which solves the problems associated with document modification based on the information contents in a communications network such as the Internet.
In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a system and a method for modifying documents, and specifically for replacing an original document portion with a substitute document portion or inserting a substitute document portion in a communications network, where the replacement decision is made based on the information content of the original document portion.
It is another object of the invention to perform this exchange operation in an efficient manner in a convenient part of the network and to allow the network user to decide which document portions should be exchanged.
Yet another object of the invention is to perform the document modification according to decisions derived from the service provider.
Still another object of the invention is the ensure that the system and method of invention can be integrated in any communications network in which content providers, service providers and users are connected via communication links (e.g., the Internet).
These and other objects and advantages will become more apparent after consideration of the ensuing description and the accompanying drawings.
The objects and advantages of the invention are ensured by a system and method applied to a communications network which transmits information in the form of documents or rather document portions, e.g., the Internet. An original document is modified to produce a modified document based on the original document portions and, specifically, based on an identifier portion and an information portion of each original document portion. A substitute document portion is inserted in the place of each undesired original document portion. The system according to the invention provides for a number of content providers whose servers transmit documents or document portions on the network. Service providers relay these document portions to a given network user, who displays them on a user set, e.g., a computer or a television set.
The system has a controller, typically a proxy server, for parsing the original document to locate the identifier portion of each of the original document portions, determining the information portion of each original document portion to identify the undesired original document portion, i.e., an original document portion which has an undesired content, and issuing a swap order the undesired original document portion is found. For instance, the undesired content may be an advertisement or a message not relevant to the information which the user desires to view on his or her user set.
A substitute document server receives the swap order and sends the substitute document portion to the controller. A swapping device or mechanism inserts the substitute document portion in place of the undesired original document portion. At this point the substitute document portion can be passed on to the user set and displayed. Depending on the communications network and user preferences, the actual display set can be a computer, a television set, or any other suitable end terminal with a display screen.
In one version of the system according to the invention the controller is located on the premises of the user, i.e., at the user's residence or at his or her work place. Advantageously, in this embodiment the controller can be integrated with the user set. It is also possible to integrate the swapping mechanism with the controller. Of course, the controller can also be located on the premises of the service provider and be integrated with the swapping mechanism there. In this situation the role of the controller and swapping mechanism can be most efficiently performed by the proxy server.
The identifier portion of any original document portion can be as simple as a network address. In general, this will be the network address of the content provider who placed the document portion on the network. (Address-based identification is one of the most common ways of identifying document portions.) The content of the information portion can be easily determined as desired or undesired from the provider's address. For this purpose, the controller should have in its memory or some other accessible storage resources a list of network addresses of content providers. In another embodiment the identifier portion will have a brief description or designation of what is contained in the information portion. Such identifier portion will generally consist of any number of signs and/or characters (usually abbreviations).
In a preferred embodiment the controller has a device or mechanism for matching the dimensions of the substitute document portion with the dimensions of the original document portion being replaced, i.e., the undesired original document portion. This provision ensures that the swapped information will be of appropriate size when rendered on the user's screen, thus preserving the page layout which would have been obtained without swapping.
A further embodiment adds to the system a user profile bank. The bank has user profile information, e.g., statistical information, personal preferences or any other information either compiled or gathered directly from the user. The profile information is delivered to the controller such that the swap order can be issued based on the user's preferences to tailor the substitute document portions to the user's needs or other relevant profile information.
The system of the invention can be used in any communications network having the general architecture described. As mentioned above, the Internet is well-suited for the system of the invention. The method of swapping undesired original document portions with substitute document portions is practiced in communications network exhibiting the same architecture as required for the system.
A detailed description of the system and method of the invention are set forth below in reference to the drawing figures.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the system of invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a document portion.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the system of invention.
FIG. 4 is an example screen display on a user's set.
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of an original document portion and a substitute document portion.
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram showing how a swap order is issued.
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram showing how a swap order is issued when profile bank information is available.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating typical placement of undesired original document portions on a page.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the replacement of undesired original document portions with specified substitute document portions.
An advantageous embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the block diagram of FIG. 1. A document modification or swapping system 10 possessing the necessary architecture to practice the invention is built around a communications network 12. The individual links and resources of network 12 are not shown, but are generally known to include couplings, high and low bandwidth links, filters, power sources, repeaters, transformers, up- and down-converters, amplifiers and any number of other equipment required to efficiently transmit information across large physical distances. Network 12 may be a stand-alone network or one which takes advantage of existing connections and resources, e.g., telephone lines. In the preferred embodiment network 12 is simply the Internet.
Two content providers 14, 16 are connected to network 12 via communication links 18 and 20 respectively. Any suitable medium of sufficient bandwidth to transmit the required information to and from network 12 can be used as links 18, 20. Content providers 14, 16 are servers equipped with the necessary resources to transmit and receive information, specifically requests or queries for the contents of their data banks (not shown). Typically, content providers 14, 16 have information such as articles, news briefs and updates, weather maps, books, summaries, files, software, catalogues, documents, pictorials, video files, public records, commercial literature and so forth.
Provider 14 is an independent server, while provider 16 is a part of a larger resource 22 including an advertisement server 24 (hereafter "ad server"). Although it is understood that either provider 14 or 16 may place on network 12 various types of information, e.g., requested files, non-requested information, undesired information and advertising material, the distinction between ad server 24 and provider 16 is useful for better illustrating the operation of system 10. Thus, in the present embodiment it will be assumed that ad server 24 places, via provider 16, on network 12 unsolicited information, i.e., commercials and advertisements, while provider 16 delivers requested and/or desired information.
System 10 also has dedicated ad servers 26 and 28 which deliver to network 12 via communication links 30 and 32 commercials and advertisements in the broadest sense.
A substitute document server 34 is connected with network 12 by communication link 36. Server 34 contains information which is not requested or solicited but is desirable or useful. For example, server 34 may contain health-related information, warnings, general advisories and many other types of information.
The different types of information placed on network 12 by providers 14, 16, ad servers 24, 26, 28 and substitute document server 34 are formatted in documents or document portions such as document portion 40 shown in FIG. 2. It is understood that the fundamental building blocks of document portion 40 are information packets (not shown). Although the detailed structure of document portion 40 will be adapted to network 12 each document portion 40 has the same general make-up. A header or an identifier portion 42 generally precedes an information portion 44 with the actual information content. In some cases a footer 46 may be provided to designate the end of document portion 40. Frequently, identifier portion 42 is simply the network address of the server which placed document portion 40 on network 12. Alternatively, identifier portion 42 contains a designation or identification of the information contained in portion 44. Examples of different forms which identifier portion 42 can assume when network 12 is the Internet are discussed below.
A service provider 50 is in communication with network 12 via communication link 52. Typically, service provider 50 will have numerous lines 54 connecting directly to the subscribers or network users. In particular, line 54A establishes a link between service provider 50 and a user set 56 on user premises 58. When network 12 is the Internet user set 56 is a computer or a network unit. Other devices such as television sets or display devices capable of receiving and/or sending document portion 40 can be used as well. A person of average skill in the art will be able to ensure a suitable connection of user set 56 with service provider 50.
A controller 60 is switched between user set 56 and service provider 50. Controller 60 is capable of reading identifier portion 42 of a document portion 40 to determine the content of information portion 44. A swapping device 62, preferably integrated with controller 60 as shown, is also provided to receive a swap order which controller 60 issues when information portion 42 of a packet 40 has an undesirable content.
The operation of system 10 is now described for the case in which network 12 is the Internet. As an example, FIG. 4 shows a screen display or a page 70 on user set 56. Page 70 is actually constructed from a number of original document portions analogous in all respects to document portion 40. The below listing identifies how the page is rendered from original document portions A, B, C, D and E. The formats used conform to the widely accepted and well-known hyper-text mark-up language (HTML).
Example page
HTML for document portion A
Friday December 6 1:59 PM EST
|</strong> < -- Text Start--> <p> <h2><a href=/headlines/961206/tech/summary-- 1.html>Technology Summary</a></h2> <hr> <h2>Headlines</h2> <ul> <li><a href=/headlines/961206/tech/stories/free-- 1.html><b>Free Market Approach For Internet Urged</b></a> <li><a href=/headlines/961206/tech/stories/copyright-- 3.html><b>Inte rnet Industry Officials Skeptical of Copyright Rules</b></a> <li><a href=/headlines/961296/tech/stories/telecom-- 1.html><b>U.S. To Push Telecommunications Aims At WTO</b></a> <li><a href=/headlines/961206/tech/stories/ntt-- 1.html><b>NTT To Be Restructured But Plan Draws Fire</b></a> <li><a href=/headlines/961206/tech/stories/nttanalysis-- 1.html><b>Gl obal Competitors Have Little To Fear In NTT</b></a> <li><a href=/headlines/961206/tech/stories/millennium-- 1.html><b> Countries And Companies Slow To Defuse Millennium Bomb</b></a> <li><a href=/headlines/961206/tech/stories/sales-- 1.html><b>U.S. Consumer PC Holiday Sales Off To Slow Start</b></a> <li><a href=/headlines/961206/tech/stories/taxes-- 1.html><b>Internet Said Creating Confusing Tax Burden</b></a> <li><a href=/headlines/961206/tech/stories/creative-- 1.html><b>Creat ive Partners U.S. Technology Firms</b></a> </ul> </body> </html>
HTML for document portion B
|<html> <head> <title>Technology Summary</title> </head> <body>
HTML for document portion C (Advertisement)
|< -- AdSpace --> < -- AdParam yhn000001424187 --> <center><p><a hred="http://www.yahoo.com/SpaceID=yhn00000142/AdID=4187/?http:// community.zdnet.com/register/register.cgi"><img width=460 height=55 src="http://www.yahoo.com/adv/zdi2/password5.gif" alt=" Too many passwords to remember? Download Password Pro for free.!" border=0></a> <p></center> < --/AdSpace-->
HTML for document portion D (Links)
|<center><strong> <a href=/headlines/>Index</a>│ <a href=/headlines/news/>News</a>│ <a href=/headlines/international/>World</a>│ <a href=/headlines/business/>Biz</a>│ <strong>Tech</strong> <a href=/headlines/politics/>Politic</a>│ <a href=/headlines/sports/>Sport</a>│ <a href=http://sports.yahoo.com/>Scoreboard</a>│ <a href=/headlines/entertainment/>Entertain</a>│ <a href=/headlines/health/>Health</a> !</strong> </center> <p>
HTML for document portion E (Processing User Input)
|<center> <form method=get action="http://search.main.yahoo.com/search/news"> <hr> <input size=24 name=p> <input type=submit value="Search News"> <input type=hidden name=n value=10> <a href="http://www.yahoo.com/docs/info/news-- search-- help.html"> <small>Help</small></a><br> </form> </center> < --StartLinks--> < --EndLinks--> <hr> <strong> < -- Yahoo Time Stamp: 849898740 -->
In the above example original document portions A, B, C, D and E correspond to those indicated in FIG. 4. The information rendered and displayed on page 70 is of the news type and it is understood that any other type of information can be involved. Original document portion C contains an ad which originated in one of ad servers 24, 26 or 28 and was not requested by the user. Specifically, document portion C starts with identifier portion 42 indicating that the information to follow is an ad.
|< -- AdSpace -->
In an alternative case, identifier portion 42 can legitimately contain:
|<a href="http://www.yahoo.com/SpaceID=yhn00000142/ AdID=4187/?http:// community.zdnet.com/register/register.cgi">
Here, portion 42 identifies the network address of ad server (24, 26 or 28). It is clear that a number of commands is required to render document portion C. These commands relate to proper spacing, location and other parameters of document portion C. The format of these commands is commonly known and widely used, e.g., in the layout of home pages for Internet users. A person of average skill in the art will know how to interpret the commands and how they act to render document portion C on user set 56.
During operation the network user will send requests from user set 56 to service provider 50 for specific information, e.g., │Biz│ in section D. Service provider 50 will, based on this request, obtain the desired information from content provider 14 or 16 (depending on which provider has the information). Of course, service provider 50 may have already downloaded the information in question. This may be the case with frequently asked for data, minute-by-minute updates, etc. In such situation provider 50 can comply with the request without looking for the information on network 12. In any case, however, the requested information originates at provider 14 or 16.
The document as finally rendered on the screen of user set 56 thus consist of many document portion such as portion 40. As shown in FIG. 5, the specific document portion requested by the user is referred to as original document portion 100 for clarity. After original document portion 100 is obtained from provider 14 or 16 (or retrieved from the memory resources (not shown) of service provider 50) it is transmitted via line 54A to controller 60. An identifier portion 102 of original document portion 100 is read by controller 60 to determine the content of information portion 104 of original document portion 100.
As explained above, an ad from ZDNet, which is considered undesirable content, has identifier portion 102 describing the information to follow as < --AdSpace-->. Alternatively, identifier portion 102 may simply contain the network address <a href="http://www.yahoo.com/SpaceID=yhn00000142/AdID=4187/?http:// community.zdnet.com/register/register.cgi"> of ad server (24, 26 or 28, depending on which server placed the ad on network 12).
Controller 60 has properly received from user set 56 the request for │Biz│. While parsing the original document obtained as a result of the request controller 60 detects identifier portion 102 of original document portion 100 (in this case the same as document portion C described above) which contains < --AdSpace-->. These characters distinctly signal that the information in original document portion 100 is an undesired original document portion (in this case unsolicited). Consequently, controller 60 will issue a swap order to swapping mechanism 62.
The swap order is formatted as any other information request (e.g., the one for │Biz│) and is addressed to substitute packet server 34. FIG. 6 shows of flow diagram detailing the steps involved in generating and issuing the swap order. It is understood that the software for executing these steps can be written by any person skilled in the art.
The swap order travels via line 54A to service provider 50 who procures the requested substitute document portion 110 (see FIG. 5) from substitute document server 34. Substitute document portion 110 has dimensions D(x,y,110) when rendered as show in FIG. 5. Preferably dimensions D(x,y,110) are close or equal to dimensions D(x,y,100) of original document portion 100. This provision will ensure that page 70 on the user set 56 will have approximately the same size as if original document portion 100 had been received and rendered on the screen of user set 56. In many cases this request can be easily satisfied since the size and width of any document portion when rendered is generally provided as a rendering hint and can be read directly from the HTML code. In the above example original document portion C includes the hint: <img width=460 height=55. In other cases controller can either fetch the content of original document portion 100 to determine the rendered size.
Alternatively, when identifier portion 102 contains the address <a href="http://www.yahoo.com/SpaceID=yhn00000142/AdID=4187/?http://community .zdnet.com/register/register.cgi"> controller 60 will be alerted that the information in original document portion 100 is undesired. That is because controller 60 keeps a list of addresses of content providers or ad servers or both. By comparing the address of portion 102 with the addresses of providers 14, 16 controller can ascertain that information portion 104 is undesirable, since the address of zdnet (one of ad servers 24, 26 or 28) is not on the list. If controller 60 is working with a list of ad servers 24, 26 or 28 it will determine that information portion 104 is undesirable when identifier portion 102 contains the address of one of ad servers 24, 26 or 28. Clearly, when using the address-based method of identifying undesirable information the address lists should be updated frequently.
At this point, controller 60 will issue a swap order, as described above, to swapping mechanism 62. The swap order will be used, as explained above, to procure substitute document portion 110 from substitute document server 34. Again, it is preferable that dimensions D(x,y,110) of substitute document portion 110 be approximately equal to dimensions D(x,y,100) of original document portion 100.
Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 3. As in the first embodiment, a document modification system 200 consists of content providers 14, 16, ad servers 24, 26, 28 connected to network 12 by communication links 18, 20, 30 and 32. Substitute document server 34 is connected to network 12 by link 36.
A service provider 202 with lines 204 going out to subscribers is connected to network 12 via link 206. A controller 208, most conveniently a proxy server, is connected directly to a number of lines 204 on which the document portion swapping or insertion function is desired. Controller 208 may be integrated in the circuitry of service provider 202 or be a stand-alone unit. A swapping mechanism 210 is connected to controller 208 and, in a particularly convenient embodiment, can be integrated with the circuitry of controller 208 and service provider 202. The choice of how service provider 202, controller 208 and swapping mechanism 210 are arranged and interconnected can be determined by the circuit designer. In fact, if service provider 202 has all the necessary hardware and circuitry then the functions of controller 208 and/or swapping mechanism 210 may all be performed by service provider 202 given the appropriate software.
A particular line 204A shows the path from service provider 202 to user set 212 on user premises 214. In this embodiment no additional equipment is required of the user. This means that user set 212 is simple to install and may, for example, be a television set configured for WebTV.
A profile bank 216 is also connected via line 218 to service provider 202. Bank 216 typically contains user information such as user preferences, past activity data or even medical records. The connection with bank 216 is such that service provider 202 may request and obtain user profile information from bank 216.
The operation of this embodiment is analogous to that of the first embodiment. The difference is that the functions of parsing original document and specifically original document portions 100 and deciding whether to issue a swap order for substitute document portion 110 are performed by service provider 202. In addition, when issuing the swap order, swapping mechanism 210 may take into account the profile of the user obtained from bank 216.
For example, data bank 216 may contain the medical records indicating that the user is a diabetic and should be reminded to monitor their blood glucose level. In this situation, when original document portion 100 is undesired, swapping mechanism 210 will issue a swapping order addressed to substitute document server 34 to provide a substitute document portion 110 in which information portion 114 contains the message "remember to monitor your blood glucose level". In the event the user is trying to quit smoking, substitute document portion 110 may contain the following message: "Don't give up You can quit smoking ".
FIG. 7 shows in flow diagram format how the swap order is generated and issued. Swapping mechanism 210 and controller 208 will perform these steps with the aid of conventional software steps which can be programmed by a person skilled in the art.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention system 10 is used in conjunction with a browser software installed on user set 56. Browsers are well-known and commonly used to communicate on the Internet. Examples of suitable browsers include the Netscape Navigator.COPYRGT. supplied by Netscape, Inc. and Internet Explorer.COPYRGT. provided by Microsoft, Inc. The operation of all components is as described above with the difference that the browser software performs the function of controller 60 and swapping mechanism 62 according to the diagram of FIG. 6.
For example, the user may wish to be updated on the local news rather than receive advertisements. In this case the user will select under the options "what to swap" to receive information content 114 concerning local news.
Alternatively, the user may wish to be reminded of other important personal information. For example, the user may have asthma. He or she will then select substitute document portion 110 to contain a reminder to take their respiratory peak flow reading or appropriate medication. Clearly, the information can be tailored to any user according to need. To offer these options substitute document server 34 has to be loaded with the appropriate information.
In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention the browser can be instructed to replace all banner ads. These ads are located using the techniques discussed above. Two typical web pages 240 with banner ads 242 are shown in FIG. 8. Ads 242 are located in the middle of each page 240 between sections A and B. The browser will easily recognize and swap these ads with substitute document portions which render to messages 244 as shown in FIG. 9.
In an embodiment adapted to current practice controller 60, 208 can even determine where an address of an identifier 102 is directed to by going to that address. This has to be done when ad servers require the user to "click" on them to go to a web page which describes the item. In most cases the "click-through" web page is hosted on a different service. As the page is being rendered, controller 60, 208 operating according to the method of the invention can determine where each HREF instruction goes by looking up network addresses as registered in the Domain Network Server (DNS). An HREF which is part of an image that is associated with a different address than the source HTML from content provider 14, 16 is usually an advertisement.
Many ad services keep track of "click-through" rates. This is done by aliasing an address on the current service which bounces the click to the target address. In this way the service can count how often the alias was used. The method of invention can be adapted to this situation in two ways.
According to a first strategy, the reference can be identified by making an HTTP request from the HREF address and then looking at the reply address. If a redirect to another site is discovered then the document portion most likely contains an advertisement.
A second strategy is to parse the HREF string. In the listing shown above the redirect address contained in original document portion C is easy to find; it is: href="http://www.yahoo.com/SpaceID=yhn00000142/AdID=4187/?http:// community.zdnet.com/register/register.cgi">. Although the request is part of the "yahoo.com" address, the redirect goes to "community.zdnet.com". A DNS lookup of this address reveals that it belongs to a different service and that document portion C is an ad.
Finally, the swapping function according to the invention can be used as an insert function. For example, if original document portion 100 contains a blank, controller 60, 208 can send a request for substitute document portion 110 to fill this blank. In this manner the space on the rendered page is more completely and efficiently utilized.
Although the above description contains many specificities, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention but merely as illustrations of the presently preferred embodiment. Many other embodiments of the invention are possible. For example, the functionality of the controller and swapper may reside in software installed on the service provider's resources. Alternatively, software resident in the user set may cooperate with software in the service provider's resources to provide the functionality of the controller and swapping mechanism.
Therefore, the scope of the invention should be determined not by the examples given but by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.


text:
Closet Door, Bathroom Paint | Ask TOH
Season 17 Episode 13 | 23m 43s
Tom travels to Pittsburgh to replace a bi-fold closet door with one that is more appropriate for the house; Jenn discusses alternatives to flower bouquets that make great gifts; Mauro paints a bathroom using a mold resistant paint.
Aired: 02/07/19
Expired: 03/10/19Video has closed captioning.
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Solving the steady stream of home improvement problems faced by our viewers!
How to Repair Sliding Wood Closet Doors
Tom Silva shares simple solution for balky sliding doors.
How to Design a Yard in Phases
Jenn Nawada returns to her Florida to help design a tropical backyard landscape.
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Catholic Indian Missions of the United States: Detailed History of Catholic Missionary Activity to the Native Tribes of America
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Pennsylvania Local Government Units — Revenues
by PETER GELETA Principal, Philadelphia Office
Presented before the Pennsylvania Institute of Certified Public Accountants'
First Statewide Conference on Auditing and Accounting for Governmental Units in Pennsylvania, Harrisburg — May 1969
MY TOPIC for today covers an area that overlaps some of the topics that have already been discussed, and some of the topics which will be discussed later in this conference. I have attempted to avoid encroaching upon the subjects being presented by other speakers. Thus, the important revenue areas of earned income taxes, the second largest tax revenue source to Pennsylvania municipalities, and of authority income receive only slight attention from me. They will be covered, later in the conference, in substantial detail. Similarly, in my comments as to audit procedures, I have not dwelled upon Code requirements, details of internal control evaluations, federal programs and statistical sampling. These topics, too, have been covered, or will be covered, by other speakers.
While reference is made to county government revenues in the over-all context, my talk is not particularly concerned with them, since counties are complex enough to require a conference unto themselves. For this reason they were not included in the program of this conference. My remarks do not cover the city of Philadelphia. Its unique position would require far more time than I have been allotted.
Each participant at this conference has received a copy of the volume "Governmental Accounting, Auditing, and Financial Reporting." Chapter
14, "Auditing of Governmental Units," presents an excellent analysis of municipal revenue, general audit procedures, and a comprehensive audit check list. My remarks on revenues attempt to supplement this general program with specifics as they relate to Pennsylvania municipalities.
Distribution has also been made of the audit programs prepared by the PICPA Committee on Local Government Auditing and Accounting for:


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Our Mission
Completely satisfying our customers, is our most important goal.
Our repair facility meets and exceeds even the highest standards of the collision repair industry.
Collisionworx employees are always continuing their education with the assistance of I-CAR - A.S.E. - and - OEM refinish manufactures to correctly repair the cars of tomorrow -today!!
As members of the business community we adhere to a code of ethics and our pledge to you of honesty, integrity, craftsmanship, and most importantly your safety.
Collisionworx Inc.
Michael D. Whitlock
Collisionworx Express
3 Positive Review(s)


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Of Clotheslines, Black Swans And Bad Measurements
from the we-measure-the-wrong-things-and-we-do-so-badly deptBack in April, in writing about Union Square Ventures' Hacking Society event, I discussed the importance of measuring the unmeasurable, in noting that we all too often seem to be evaluating information-era economics using industrial-era metrics. That's a problem. Nick Grossman, who organized that Hacking Society session, has a great post discussing this same concept and highlighting Tim O'Reilly's discussion about this topic, in which he describes the clothesline paradox, which actually seems to come from a discussion in the early 1970s, and highlights how metrics can mislead. You can think of the clothesline paradox like this:
If you take down your clothes line and buy an electric clothes dryer the electric consumption of the nation rises slightly. If you go in the other direction and remove the electric clothes dryer and install a clothesline the consumption of electricity drops slightly, but there is no credit given anywhere on the charts and graphs to solar energy which is now drying the clothes.In my mind, there are two "problems" associated with this, and while I think there is interest in attacking the first one, the second problem is often ignored. The first problem is that we notice that important information is measured with the wrong metrics. We see this all the time in the internet era. People talk about "the collapse" of the music industry, but miss the fact that more music has been produced, recorded and released in the last decade than in any previous decade. In fact, some of the evidence suggests more music was produced and recorded in the last decade than all other decades combined. Of course, that's an example of a metric that can be determined, but not all such metrics are that easy to pin down. For example, we talked about how Craigslist almost certainly helped contribute to the challenge that many newspapers are facing, because it undercut the cash cow that supported many of them: the classified advertising business. And if you used traditional metrics, you'd bizarrely and incorrectly suggest that Craigslist somehow "destroyed" value. But that's because no one takes into account all the value that Craigslist created, not for itself, but for its users. But how do you measure the fact that I can now find someone to take my old couch away for free? There's value in that transaction, but no one "measures" it. What about the fact that I can more efficiently rent out an apartment - without having to pay the local newspaper? Again, there's value, but it's not properly measured.
The second problem is a little trickier to understand. It's that when we have things that we can measure, we instinctively gravitate towards using those metrics, even if they're the wrong metrics! I was thinking about this as I read Paul Graham's excellent thoughts on "black swan farming," which is all about the counter-intuitive process involved in funding startups. There's a ton of tremendously thought-provoking lines in that piece, but I'm going to concentrate on one, which was really more of an aside, unrelated to the larger article (which you should go read), because it helped clarify my thinking on this point. Graham talks about not bothering to measure how many of the YCombinator companies he funds and trains later go on to raise more money after their initial fundraising efforts, noting:
I deliberately avoid calculating that number, because if you start measuring something you start optimizing it, and I know it's the wrong thing to optimize.And here's where the problem of using the wrong metrics becomes compounded. Even if you know something is the wrong metric, just having the number almost forces you to optimize for it. So rather than looking at, say, what's best for the overall culture of music, we look at "revenue for the record labels" and decide we need to "fix" that. Or, we look at the patent system as a proxy number for "innovation" and then the focus becomes solely on increasing the number of patents we issue, rather than on actually maximizing innovation.
When you have the wrong metrics, not only do you have bad or incomplete information, but even when you know that it's almost impossible not to optimize for those metrics, because you don't have anything else to work towards.
There is a lot of new interest in quantifying all sorts of new data -- and one benefit of the information age is that it also helps to create new data that can be quantified. But not all quantified data is actually that useful, and unfortunately, we often get so focused on the fact that we have a number, we ignore the possibility that the number is not telling us anything useful.
I was recently reminded of Shelby Bonnie's opinion piece from three years ago about why we need to kill the CPM as a metric for advertising (for those who don't know, CPM -- or "cost per thousand" impressions -- is how most banner ads are sold). He noted, quite accurately, that even those with the best of intentions to get away from "CPM-based" advertising seem to end up there in the end anyway. Because we have that number. And it becomes what people optimize around, just because it's there.
All campaigns start with the best of intentions: "let's do something creative, engaging, and unique!" But unless someone really senior from the agency or client side intervenes, the road for a campaign always leads to the media buyer and the dreaded spreadsheet, where the two most important columns are impressions and cost. Ironically, there's usually some good stuff in campaigns, but they are thrown in for free as "value adds." At some point, publishers decide that if all clients care about is impressions, then OK, we'll give them impressions. The output is an industry that overproduces shallow, superficial, commoditized impressions. Why do we have so many bad sites that republish the same junky content–content that's often made by machines or $1-per-post contractors? Why do sites intentionally try to get us to turn lots of pages with tons of top 10 lists, photo galleries, or single-paragraph summaries of someone else's story?The more I spend time thinking about these issues, the more I think these combined problems -- both not having the right data and then optimizing for the wrong data -- are the keys to many of the issues that we're regularly discussing around here. Figuring out ways to get beyond that, and to find the right data, and break our habits of relying on bad data are going to be increasingly important.
Filed Under: data, economics, metrics, optimization, studies


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| September 25, 2012, 8:00 am
Borris, a Belgian Malinois who has been a member of the Douglas County Sheriff's Department K-9 team since 2005, is retiring, and that milestone will be celebrated when Friends of Douglas County K-9 stage the second annual Howling Good Time Gala.
It begins at 6 p.m. Oct. 11 at Cielo at Castle Pines Event Center, 482 W. Happy Canyon Road, Castle Rock. Festivities include live and silent auctions and a dinner emceed by comedian Sam Adams.
Tickets are $90 and can be purchased online.
In retirement, Borris will live with his partner, Deputy Gerritt Kaufman, who assumes all responsibility for his care. Money raised at the gala goes to medical expenses that Borris may incur.


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There was more sunshine and dry conditions to help the morning commute Thursday in South Florida.
Kendall was at 72 Thursday morning, a nice, refreshing start to the day. Temps will climb to the low 90s Thursday afternoon, with only a slight chance of a stray shower.
Temperatures will stay around 90, and rain chances will stay low through the first half of the weekend. Rain chances will increase slightly by Sunday and Monday.
There will be nothing more than a 30 percent chance of rain through the holiday weekend. All is quiet in the tropics.
More Weather Content:


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jsadowsky needed a new other design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 6 designs submitted by 4 freelance designers.
5 unique black and white wedding images (heart, double heart, engagement ring, bride and groom,etc), 2 unique birthday images (birthday cake, happy birthday text), 1 bar and bat mitzvah image (Star of David), and 2 unique baby shower images (baby carriage, baby and stork)
Party Innovations
Desired Color Scheme:
black and white
Desired Style:
"hip", contemporary, unique, and fun!
Accepted File Formats:
Illustrator file and pdf
We are a party supply company specializing in personalized items. We are looking for a design to hopefully work with on an ongoing basis to design 10 black and white vector images that we will have exclusively to use on our different personalized products. We are looking for something "hip", contemporary, unique, and "fun"!


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The Diminished Role of Aid
The World Bank, at this week's meeting in Hong Kong, will attempt to explain what it and other development banks will do in the increasingly market‐oriented global economy.
The bank faces scrutiny by observers around the world and across the political spectrum who are trying to determine what role, if any, it should play.
One of the organizations to study just that was the Center for Strategic and International Studies. Its special task force was made up of representatives from big business, think tanks, development banks and non‐governmental organizations. In its just‐released report, the CSIS panel grappled with many of the problems — ranging from poor project performance and outdated missions to lack of accountability and openness — that have plagued the multilateral development banks.
The tone of the report is striking. The members express caution, rather than enthusiasm, about the ability of the development banks to accomplish many of their ambitious and noteworthy goals. The task force points out that lending will do little good, and will likely be counterproductive, if the overall policies of a country are inimical to growth. In general, economic progress requires a market‐oriented policy environment, according to the report.
The development banks themselves frequently make the same point, but, as the task force says, they often continue to lend to governments regardless of their economic policies. Other areas of general consensus include concern about the banks' unnecessary secrecy and empty promises of reform.
Troublesome, however, is the recommendation for the continuation, or even expansion of the development banks' support for private ventures and free‐market reforms in borrower countries.
Private capital flows now dwarf official aid flows to the developing world. The report acknowledges that those flows and market‐oriented development strategies suggest a declining role for the multilateral development banks. But it warns that only about a dozen developing countries receive the bulk of that private capital. That is precisely as it should be.
Economic freedom, not misnamed foreign aid, is the answer to international poverty.
Nations that have done the most to reform have succeeded in attracting voluntary, private money, while those that have been unwilling to change — like most of the sub‐Saharan states — have failed to attract capital. Clearly, the ability to attract capital is determined by the type of policies and institutions a country embraces, not by outside aid.
Despite that evidence, some task force members call for an increased role of the development banks in guaranteeing or lending directly to private‐sector projects. But subsidizing or publicly guaranteeing private investment schemes is an inappropriate way of promoting free market.
Such support for the private sector relieves the host governments of the need to create an investment environment that would genuinely attract foreign capital. In the worst‐case scenario, overreliance on development bank guarantees — which are determined more by political than by market considerations — could exacerbate the developing‐countries' external debt problem.
The private sector's proven ability to finance and operate development projects traditionally undertaken by governments has led the task force to suggest that multilateral banks move away from financing such projects. Instead, they should concentrate on technical assistance in setting up regulatory frameworks and agencies to oversee environmental reform, a task far more complex than the relatively simple physical infrastructure projects on which the banks have such a poor track record.
Moreover, the report doesn't suggest what model — United States, Western European, or Japanese — the banks should impose on developing countries. Given the crisis of the regulatory welfare state in the developed world, recommending any of those models would not be particularly prudent, especially given the ongoing public debate in the United States over whether national regulatory agencies should continue to exist.
In any case, the development banks' problems go beyond the practical. Their approach, which continues to view official outside aid and advice as essential for economic growth, is fundamentally flawed. The experience of nations that have prospered without foreign aid provides ample proof of that.
By recognizing that the multilateral development banks are becoming less relevant in today's world, the task force has advanced the debate over foreign aid.
The United States should stop funding the banks and encourage the other industrialized countries to do likewise. Instead, the Western nations should promote international development by lifting trade barriers. Economic freedom, not misnamed foreign aid, is the answer to international poverty.


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- Welterweight
Brook could fight for world title in Sheffield
Kell Brook has not given up on fighting Devon Alexander for his IBF world title but admits he is eyeing up a consolation bout, possibly in his home town of Sheffield, should it not happen.
Brook is currently in the dark over whether his supposed next opponent Alexander will instead confirm rumours that he will fight Floyd Mayweather Jr on May 4 in Las Vegas.
If he does, then his contract with Brook will be broken and he will have to give up his IBF welterweight belt and allow mandatory challenger Brook to fight for it as a vacant title.
Brook had his heart set on taking Alexander's belt while the American was in the ring but told ESPN that if it is not to happen, he has other plans.
"There is no doubt about it, if he fights Floyd Mayweather, I will fight whoever is next in line, there is a chance it could be in Sheffield," Brook told Steve Bunce in his latest ESPN boxing podcast. "He will be stripped of his title, we're contracted to fight each other. Since I've been with Eddie [Hearn], everything has been running smooth. He's worked me into this position so we're mandatory for the title.
"My next fight will be for the title, with Devon Alexander or without him. It's been a long time coming. I'm 26, I'm in the best possible mental shape I could be. I'm ready to win the world title."
Hearn, Brook's promoter, believes Mayweather's claims that Alexander is the front runner to fight him could be a ploy to hurry along negotiations with potential opponent Robert Guerrero. On that front Brook admits he is in the dark again but believes he will know more once Hearn returns from America after this weekend - where he is going to watch Gavin Rees fight Adrien Broner for the WBC lightweight title.
He added: "I'm not sure what is going on, I should find out some positive information next week as Eddie Hearn is out at the Rees-Broner fight. I've been training 12/13 weeks away from my family over Christmas, I miss my little girl so I just want to get my hands on Devon Alexander, he's going to get it."
Kell Brook was speaking to Steve Bunce on Buncey's Boxing Podcast. Frank Maloney and Anthony Crolla are also featured in this week's episode. Click here to listen.


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The Driven Classroom: New Strategies to Motivate and Engage Students (Encore Presentation)
Six influential thought leaders in teaching and learning explore cutting-edge instructional practices and strategies designed to increase student engagement and learning potential. Attendees will come away with actionable plans for facilitating student self-direction, creating a clear sense of purpose in their instruction, and using creative sales techniques to "move" students to higher levels of achievement.
Choose one of these vital webinars for just $49, or select all four and pay only $169. You will also get a certificate of completion and 3 months of on-demand access.
Click on a PD Webinar below to view detailed information about it.
Developing Intrinsic Motivation in Students with Chris Wejr and Larry Ferlazzo
Now On-Demand
This webinar is now available On-Demand for $49.00
Motivating students to engage fully with their schoolwork is a perennial challenge for educators. What's more, many time-honored motivational tactics, such as offering incentives or rewards for specific outcomes, tend to produce only short-term effects—and sometimes backfire completely. This webinar provides teaching strategies to sustain students' levels of interest and effort.
Our expert guests—teacher and author Larry Ferlazzo and principal Chris Wejr—will provide background and actionable strategies for creating conditions in classrooms and schools that inspire students to take greater ownership of their learning and futures. Among the topics they will address are relationship-building, collaborative learning, praise strategies, opportunity-based instruction, and meaningful communication of expectations. They'll also respond to viewers' questions on specific challenges and problem-areas concerning motivation.
A former math and science teacher, Chris Wejr is the principal of Kent Elementary School in Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada. Under his leadership, Kent Elementary has moved away from awards, rewards, and honor rolls, and has seen increased achievement and a more positive school culture as a result. Wejr writes about student motivation and other education issues on his blog, The Wejr Board. Follow him on Twitter at @chriswejr.
An award-winning English and social studies teacher at Luther Burbank High School in Sacramento, Calif., Larry Ferlazzo is the author of, among other books, Helping Students Motivate Themselves: Practical Answers To Classroom Challenges and the forthcoming sequel, Self-Driven Learning: Teaching Strategies for Student Motivation (both from Eye on Education). He writes the popular Websites of the Day Blog, as well as Education Week Teacher's advice-column blog Classroom Q&A With Larry Ferlazzo. He is on Twitter at @LarryFerlazzo.
All registrants will receive a coupon code for 20% off Self-Driven Learning: Teaching Strategies for Student Motivation.
Moderator: Anthony Rebora, managing editor, Education Week Teacher
Original air date: March 5, 2013
Intentional Teaching: Infusing Instruction With Purpose with Douglas Fisher and Nancy Frey
Now On-Demand
This webinar is now available On-Demand for $49.00
One of the most critical factors in effective teaching and learning is the establishment of a clear purpose, say teacher-authors Douglas Fisher and Nancy Frey. By explaining what students will be learning and why, and by making that purpose relevant to students, teachers can increase motivation and attention.
In this webinar, Fisher and Frey—authors of The Purposeful Classroom: How to Structure Lessons with Learning Goals in Mind—will clarify the differences between an objective, which a teacher establishes for him or herself in lesson planning, and a purpose, which the teacher communicates to students. They'll offer strategies for crafting purposes that are neither too broad nor too narrow, but that appropriately guide student learning. And they'll discuss how intentional planning can lead students to take ownership of their learning and become better, more motivated critical thinkers.
Douglas Fisher, Ph.D., is a professor of educational leadership at San Diego State University and a teacher leader at Health Sciences High and Middle College. He is the recipient of an International Reading Association Celebrate Literacy Award, the Farmer award for excellence in writing from the National Council of Teachers of English, as well as a Christa McAuliffe award for excellence in teacher education. He has published numerous articles on reading and literacy, differentiated instruction, and curriculum design as well as, among other books, Better Learning Through Structured Teaching and Text Complexity: Raising Rigor in Reading.
Nancy Frey, Ph.D., is a professor of literacy in the School of Teacher Education at San Diego State University and the recipient of the 2008 Early Career Achievement Award from the National Reading Conference. Nancy has published articles in The Reading Teacher, Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, English Journal, Voices in the Middle, Middle School Journal, and Educational Leadership, as well as numerous books with co-author Douglas Fisher. Nancy is a credentialed special educator, reading specialist, and administrator in California, and teaches at Health Sciences High and Middle College.
Moderator: Liana Heitin, managing editor, Education Week Teacher
Original air date: March 20, 2013
Daniel Pink on How Teachers Can 'Sell' More to Students
Now On-Demand
This webinar is now available On-Demand for $49.00
For many, the quintessential image of a salesperson is still that of a slick, pushy man in a suit. But these days nearly everyone, including teachers, is involved in selling—or "persuading, influencing, and convincing others," says author Daniel Pink. And in an Internet-fueled world where knowledge is readily available, sellers need new tactics.
In this webinar, Pink will offer strategic advice for educators from his book To Sell Is Human: The Surprising Truth About Moving Others. He'll explain what he calls the new ABC's of selling—attunement, buoyancy, and clarity—and how educators can use these tactics to "move" students. Drawing on a wealth of social science findings, Pink will also discuss the qualities of an effective salesperson, ways to make a message clearer, and the importance of understanding others' perspectives.
Daniel H. Pink is the author of five books about cognitive science and the changing worlds of work and learning- including the long-running New York Times bestseller, A Whole New Mind, and the #1 New York Times bestseller, Drive. His latest book, To Sell is Human: The Surprising Truth About Moving Others, offers a fresh look at the art and science of sales. Pink has provided analysis of business trends on CNN, CNBC, ABC, NPR, and other networks in the U.S. and abroad. He also lectures to corporations, associations, and universities around the world on economic transformation and the new workplace.
Moderator: Liana Heitin, managing editor, Education Week Teacher
Original air date: April 9, 2013
Changing Mindsets, Motivating Students with Carol Dweck
Now On-Demand
This webinar is now available On-Demand for $49.00
In this webinar, renowned psychologist Carol Dweck discusses how teachers can change the way they praise and challenge students to boost motivation and engagement. Through her intensive research, Dweck has found that students who believe intelligence is a fixed quality are more likely to avoid challenging tasks, while students who believe intelligence can be developed with effort tend to be more successful. She discusses some of the most common mistakes teachers make in trying to motivate students and details strategies for promoting a "growth mindset" rather than "fixed mindset" in the classroom.
Carol S. Dweck, Ph.D., author of Mindset: The New Science of Success, is the Lewis and Virginia Eaton Professor of Psychology at Stanford University. Her research focuses on why students succeed and how to foster their success. She has held professorships at Columbia and Harvard Universities and has lectured and worked with schools and other organizations all over the world. She is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and recently won the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award from the American Psychological Association—the highest honor in psychology.
Moderator: Liana Heitin, associate editor, Education Week Teacher
Original air date: Feb. 16, 2012


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About Me Quotes
Your notions of friendship are new to me; I believe every man is born with his quantum, and he cannot give to one without robbing another. I very well know to whom I would give the first place in my friendship, but they are not in the way, I am condemned to another scene, and therefore I distribute it in pennyworths to those about me, and who displease me least, and should do the same to my fellow prisoners if I were condemned to a jail. - Jonathan Swift
Page 1 of 121


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Safety & quality
Hand hygiene
Hand hygiene in hospitals generally refers to the use of soap and water or other products (such as alcohol-based hand rub) by healthcare workers to clean their hands. The aim is for healthcare workers to perform hand hygiene correctly at every opportunity, for example, before and after touching a patient. Good hand hygiene is one of the most effective ways to minimise the risk of healthcare-associated infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections.
The National Hand Hygiene InitiativeExternal link, opens in a new window.[http://www.hha.org.au] is being progressively implemented in Australian hospitals to improve hand hygiene. Hand hygiene in hospitals is measured through an audit process, in which trained observers watch for opportunities (called 'moments') when hand washing or cleaning ought to occur in order to ensure good infection control.
The national benchmark is for healthcare workers to clean their hands correctly in at least 70.0% of these 'moments' observed during an audit period at a hospital. A higher number of audited 'moments' will generate a more reliable compliance rate estimate. Methods will be developed to enable fair comparison of the estimated compliance rate with the national benchmark and with results achieved by other hospitals.


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Shop All Sale
Top Pet CalendarShop All Pets
Shop All Gifts
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Terry Redlin Total Comfort 1000 Piece Puzzle: A golden retriever waits patiently for his master to appear from the lighted doorway of this remote country store. Soon they will board a boat and head down the narrow bay to open water. Today's outing will yield golden memories! This 1000 piece jigsaw puzzle by Terry Redlin measures 30" x 24" when complete. For ages 13+ UPC: 724819252336


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Regular price
We have an amazing array of vinyl stickers, which are all designed right here in Luna HQ.
We ensure we only produce the best, all our designs are perfect, right down to the finest detail.
Our vinyl stickers are made with the best possible materials. They have a hight tack permanent adhesive, making them perfect for outside or inside use.
Charisma Vinyl Sticker - D: 7cm
We offer delivery to anywhere in the world.
We aim to dispatch within 1 - 2 business days domestically (UK) and slightly longer for international.
Standard UK Delivery is charged at £1.20. If you are wishing to have your purchase delivered to somewhere other than the UK please enter your address at the checkout and the price will be calculated instantly there.
If you wish to return your item to us please feel free to contact us via email email@example.com
We allow 14 days for you to return the product back


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#8505 - NISSAN Skyline GT-R (R34) White
HPI's amazing attention to detail extends from limited-edition 1/43 scale die-cast model cars to a fantastic range of 1/32 scale slot racing cars! We decided to start our slot car line-up now features one of the iconic Japanese supercars, the Nissan Skyline R34 GT-R. This is one of the most famous versions of the long-running Skyline car, and first appeared on the road in 1997. The GT-R made its appearance in 1999 and spawned several different versions, with different engines, drivetrains and options. Modern Skyline cars have become legendary for their awesome performance and cost comparison to exotic brands from Europe. The Skyline GT-R's popularity exploded in the mainstream when it started appearing in hugely popular video games, comics and movies since the mid-1990's.
The Skyline models have always showcased the latest driving technologies that Nissan engineers could fit into a road-going car, and the GT-R continued this tradition, with up to 500 horsepower coming out of a 2.8-litre, dual-turbo inline 6-cylinder engine in its most powerful version. We are proud to present the Nissan GT-R in a variety of actual production colours. These models are extremely limited in production numbers because of the special high-detail resin used for the moulds. Worldwide quantities will be in the low hundreds. HPI slot cars are 1/32 scale, a convenient size for slot car racing and also perfect for display on any desk or shelf. Incredible attention has been paid to make the shape of cars as true to scale as possible. Fine exterior details like radiators, disc brakes, brake calipers, mirrors, wings, exhaust, headlight buckets, mirrors, tow hooks and radio antennae combine to make the models extremely realistic. Each car has a fully painted and detailed interior, steering wheel, and dashboard. These models come mounted to a display platform that includes a clear plastic protective case and the car can be easily removed from the platform for individual display. Collect all of the HPI 1/32 scale slot cars! #8504 NISSAN Skyline GT-R (R34) Sparkling Silver #8505 NISSAN Skyline GT-R (R34) White #8506 NISSAN Skyline GT-R (R32) Bayside Blue #8530 NISSAN Skyline GT-R (R34) Millenium Jade


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BRENT Prismall could be left without a spot on an AFL list next year after yet another twist in his roller-coaster off-season.
The former Essendon and Geelong midfielder has trained with three clubs since last season and it had appeared almost certain he would continue his career with one of those teams.
But two of those doors are officially closed leading into Tuesday's pre-season and rookie drafts, leaving his latest club – the Western Bulldogs – as his best chance of securing an AFL lifeline.
However, the Dogs have baulked at guaranteeing Prismall the final position on their list, the club saying on Sunday that he was down to the last two, along with Brett Goodes, the brother of Sydney Brownlow medallist Adam.
Goodes, who is also the Dogs' player welfare officer, and Prismall will have a final chance to impress at training on Monday before coach Jason McCartney and the rest of the club's list management team make their decision.
It is believed, however, that Prismall, who lives in Melbourne's inner-west and has a good relationship with McCartney – having played under him when he was an assistant at Geelong and Essendon – is the front-runner.
Prismall reportedly knocked back a one-year deal with Port Adelaide.
Power football manager Peter Rohde confirmed that the 26-year-old rejected the offer because he wanted the security of a two-year contract if he was going to move his family to Adelaide.
It is believed Port was not prepared to offer such a deal as it had doubts over Prismall's injury history, which includes two knee reconstructions.
Another option for Prismall, who has played 61 games in six seasons after being a second-round draft pick, had been the Bombers re-drafting him after delisting him in November.
Coach James Hird vowed to re-draft Prismall who trained with the Bombers before deciding to try his luck at Port.
That move effectively ended his chances at Essendon, with the Bombers confirming yesterday that Prismall was off their radar.
Essendon will select only one of the players who has been training with it and it is understood the choice has been narrowed to three, with West Australian speedster Dayle Garlett, a cousin of Carlton's Jeff, looming as the front-runner despite his behavioural issues.
Essendon will use its one pick in the rookie draft on Ariel Steinberg.
Eleven clubs will share the 17 selections in Tuesday's pre-season draft, but it seems likely as few as seven or eight of those picks will be used as teams opt to hold over spots on their lists for rookies.
Kurt Tippett is the biggest name in the talent pool, but it appears certain he will get through to Sydney at pick No. 11 because of the price tag he has put on his contract terms.
Greater Western Sydney has already committed to re-drafting veteran ruckman Dean Brogan, but – in a late twist – seems poised to pounce on former Carlton swingman Bret Thornton with its second selection, instead of ex-Bombers big man Jason Laycock as expected.
Richmond seems set to offer former Geelong ruckman Orren Stephenson another chance as a rookie-listed player.
If so, former Collingwood big man Cameron Wood, who has also been training with the Tigers, could go overlooked.
Port Adelaide has already made clear its intentions to pick up Sam Colquhoun, an All-Australian defender at under-18 level who also trained with Essendon.
Nick Joyce, the fall-guy out of Adelaide's Kurt Tippett fiasco, is also likely to be redrafted.
Delisted players Ben Hudson, Peter Yagmoor, Andrew Collins, Ben Speight and Cameron Richardson are among those likely to be picked up in the rookie draft.
The original release of this article first appeared on the website of Hangzhou Night Net.


text: Located in Lake Jackson, the Pediatric Primary Care Clinic provides primary care services to children. We offer a full array of services to help your child maintain good health. Here is a list of some of the most common services: Flu Diabetes ADHD Burns Cancer Colds Asthma Fever Autism Strep Throat Allergies Infections Sports injuries Well-child checkups Heart conditions Whooping cough Immunization Abdominal Ear infections Bronchiolitis Conjunctivitis Tonsillitis Chronic conditions Genitals and urinary tract issues Learning/developmental disabilities Our Providers: PROVIDERS DeOliveira, Barbara, NP-C Barbara DeOliveira, NP-C Pediatrics Elam, Lee Lee Elam, MD Pediatrics Laird-Payne, Amy, MPAS, PA-C Amy Laird-Payne, MPAS, PA-C Pediatrics Salazar, Christina, MD Christina Salazar, MD Pediatrics Back to All Primary Care Find a Physician Find a Location Find Health Care Make an Appointment Access myChart Locations Pediatric Primary Care, Lake Jackson 208 Oak Drive South Suite 400 M–F: 7:15 a.m.–5 p.m. (979) 285-2900 (979) 266-9708 Website • Clinic Flyer Map Campus Bird Maps Pediatric Primary Care, Lake Jackson Primary Care Side Bar Appointments For appointments please call the clinic phone number or visit our online appointment form. When you schedule your appointment, please be ready to provide your insurance information. Also, please try to arrive 15 minutes prior to your appointment time to help avoid delays. Payment of any co-pay is due prior to initiation of the visit. If you are running late to an appointment, please call us, as we may be able to find another appointment time on the same day. Following these steps helps us to ensure that you are seen in a timely and effective manner. MyChart ask us about logging on! UTMB Health offers patients MyChart – an alternative and convenient way to schedule appointments, refill prescriptions, receive lab and test results, and much more – all electronically. MyChart is as simple as logging on to the internet. Get more information on MyChart. Prescription Refills If you need a refill of a prescription, please call your pharmacy first. Many of the pharmacies now have an online refill request, which is sent directly to our office. This allows us to process your refill more efficiently. Prescriptions are not processed after hours, so please allow 48 business hours from the time of your request to the time it is filled. Medications that require prior authorization from your insurance company may take up to one week. Lab Results We want you to be aware of all results of labs/tests done through our office, and it is our practice to communicate those results to you. It generally takes one to two weeks for us to receive the results and have the physician review them. Once the physician reviews your lab/test results he or she will notify you by mail, phone or at the time of your next follow-up appointment. After Hour Emergencies If you have an after hour emergency please call the Access Center at (409) 772-2222 or toll free at (800) 917-8906. If you or someone you know is experiencing difficulty breathing or experiencing severe bleeding or pain dial 911 or go to the nearest emergency room. Patient Feedback As a result of your visit to our clinic, you may be randomly selected to receive a Medical Practice Survey in the mail. If you do receive one of these surveys, we would appreciate it if you completed the form and returned it using the self addressed envelope. The postage is free, the survey is quick and easy. Our goal is to exceed your expectations and to always provide you great service. Use the survey to let us know how we're doing. Department of... Community-Based Clinics The UTMB Health Community-Based Clinics provide the most common outpatient services, including health and wellness visits, with the goal of making access to care easier for community residents.


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with children
and infants
We do everything we can to make flying with children as comfortable as we can. Some of our airport lounges have dedicated family rooms, and when it's time to board, we'll invite families on to the plane first to give you a bit of extra time to get settled. You can check your pushchair in, or we'll collect your pushchair from you just before you board.
Don't forget to reserve your seats together in your favourite spot on the plane.
Infants and children
Check the baggage allowance and onboard rules for children and babies.
Normal fare rules apply.
|Food on board
|7 days – 23 months
|Available on a first come, first served basis for infants weighing up to 11kg
|Request a baby's meal up to 24 hours before your flight
Checked baggage to/from USA and Canada: 23kg
Checked baggage to/from all other destinations: 10kg
Cabin baggage: One piece, 5kg
|2 – 11 years
|Request a child's meal up to 24 hours before your flight
|Normal baggage rules apply
|12 years +
|Adult meal
|Normal baggage rules apply
No time to be bored with E-BOX
Little flyers will be entertained for hours with kids' movies, TV and cartoons on E-BOX. There's also music and games if they'd prefer something interactive.
Etihad explorers
Tiny adventurers should get ready to explore with our children's activity packs, Etihad Explorers. The collectable character bags include colouring books, games and puzzles.
Children's meals
Our healthy and fun children's meals keep little tummies happy on board. Please order your child's meal at least 24 hours before your flight.
Flying Nanny
On long-haul flights, our Flying Nanny will help keep your children entertained with games, face-painting and even competitions.
The safety of your child is our number one priority. For infants weighing up to 11kg, our bassinets are specially designed carry-cots to help your baby sleep flat during the flight. Our cabin crew will confirm that your infant fits comfortably and safely in the bassinet before affixing it at your seat position. For safety reasons, you may only use bassinets during the flight when the seatbelt sign is switched off and when the cabin crew permit you to do so.
You may request a baby bassinet when you book your flight or through Manage my booking. All bassinets will be allocated on a first come, first served basis. When your infant is on your lap they should be secured with an infant seatbelt. Children aged two years or older should travel on their own seat and must be secured with their own seatbelt whenever the signs are on.
Car seats and pushchairs
Children aged up to three years old travelling on a child's ticket may use certain approved car-seats, in conjunction with our aircraft seats.
You are also permitted to carry one pushchair or carrycot or car seat for free, in addition to your child's checked baggage allowance.
Children's travel accessories
To help children sit or sleep comfortably on our flights, most travel accessories are permitted on board, including JetKidsTM BedBoxTM, Plane Pal and Fly Tot, subject to certain conditions. The accessory must be securely stowed during take-off and landing.
Accessories that attach to any part of the seat are not permitted.
Etihad Guest Family
An Etihad Guest Family membership lets everyone earn miles individually and spend them together as a family.
Children flying alone
If your child is between 5 to 11 years old, they can travel on their own if you pre-book our Unaccompanied Minor service.
Flying during pregnancy
Find out everything you need to know if you're planning to fly during your pregnancy.


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Velotech, Inc. is dedicated to providing excellent service and great products for the avid cyclist, whether they be commuters, triathletes, road cyclists, cyclocross competitors, or mountain bike enthusiasts. By consistently delivering great prices, same-day shipping and fantastic service, we've grown into one of the most popular internet retailers of road cycling gear on the net.
We're located in Portland Oregon, a city known for its great cycling culture and even named the Best Overall Cycling City by Bicycling Magazine. As cycling enthusiasts ourselves, we know how important it is to you to deal with a retailer that provides great products and great prices, but more importantly stands behind the products after they're sold.
Velotech, Inc. was ranked by the Portland Business Journal as one of the fastest growing companies in Portland for the past four years in a row. Even during these tough economic times, we've been able to grow year after year. This growth comes primarily from our customers recommending us to their friends. By delivering great service and good value, we expect to continue this trend.
We are also proud to be a supporter of local cycling in Portland. Our flagship Western Bikeworks store is the title sponsor of the local Portland Velo Cycling club. We also sponsor our own Western Bikeworks racing team, and sponsor many local cycling events.


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Sell Grin(GRIN) for USD Coin(USDC)Last revision: 2020-01-28 12:46:00
Currently you can sell Grin(GRIN) for USD Coin(USDC) at this price range: from 1.015220 USDC to 0.995413 USDC
Kaiserex's exchange fee is already included in the above price quotes.
If you have an account at Kaiserex click here to proceed directly to the order form, alternatively you will need to register to be able to sell Grin.
Frequently asked questions
- What is Kaiserex?
- What is blockchain?
- What is a cryptocurrency?
- Investment risks
- Investment potential
- What is the recommended holding period for investing in cryptocurrencies?
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I mentioned in my previous post that I have been in touch with several descendants of Bud Mathis Moore. They have provided a great deal of valuable information which has helped in compiling a list of the descendants of Samuel Moore. They are descendants of Bud Mathis Moore's son William Spencer Moore, so that is the branch on which we have the most information. The state of what we know on the other branches varies from "very sketchy" to "a little bit sketchy."
Probably the area where we have the least information is on Bud Mathis Moore's first wife, Elizabeth Brashier (or Brasher). The Furman Moore history gives her date of death but we do not know her date of birth or who her parents were. The Moore family may have another Brashier family tie-in through Frances Emmaline Henderson, the wife of William Spencer Moore and granddaughter of Brashier Henderson (who was also a witness on Samuel Moore's will). The Furman Moore history indicated that Bud Mathis Moore's oldest daughter, Elizabeth, had married a James Bayne, but we could not find any record of them. However, when George Moore, my third cousin once removed, sent me a copy of a transcript of Bud Mathis Moore's will, which mentioned a George Bain, this spelling of the name enabled me to find the family in three censuses: 1850 (Greenville, SC), 1860 (Blount County, Alabama), and 1870 (Etowah County, Alabama). That is all of the information that I have on this family.
James Bain
-b. ca 1818, South Carolina
& Elizabeth W. Moore
-b. 12 Dec 1824
|--Mary Emma Bain
|----b. 1845, South Carolina
|--Martha A. "Mattie" Bain
|----b. 1846, South Carolina
|--William Manning Bain
|----b. 1848, South Carolina
|--Richard H. Bain
|----b. 1851, South Carolina
|--George B. Bain
|----b. 1854, South Carolina
I am very interested in exchanging information with other people researching these families.
Saturday, July 11, 2009
More on the Bud Mathis Moore Family
Posted by Greta Koehl at 6:25 PM
Labels: Greenville, Moore, South
2 comments:
Don't you just love the various ways to spell surnames! It drives me crazy. Lately, I have been putting them into the google book search engine trying to find some of my folks in older books. I rack my brain to come up with different ways to spell and often get a hit. I wish I was working on some of your surnames.ReplyDelete
Exactly! I had actually tried some other variants, but for some reason I hadn't tried Bain. This had been such a mystery; no one knew what had happened to this family - of course, I still have to find out what happened to them after 1870...ReplyDelete
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People using John Deere lawn mowers are often proud owners of excellent machines that hardly ever cause any trouble or inconvenience. However, even the best of John Deere models need some work or the other done on them, mostly some scheduled maintenance only. So, an occasional replacement of some worn out parts cannot be ruled out.
The manual that come along with the purchase of John Deere mowers have excellent directions on their maintenance and repair. John Deere is a fairly well known brand, and the dealers are properly equipped with John Deere parts. As and when you need them, you can easily order them, and the dealers will manage to provide them. Hence, finding parts is not difficult; it is finding affordable parts that can be a tedious job!
To get the exact name and cost of a specific John Deere part, you can make some queries with the dealers. Sometimes, the need of your repair can easily be met with used parts still in good condition. So, whenever you need a part for your John Deere machine, first ask the dealer for used parts. At the same time also ask the cost of the new replacement part – this way you can exactly decide what to go in for.
The information from the dealer can help you make comparisons with the offers given online. Oftentimes, you can easily manage to get a cheaper used or new part online, and have it delivered at your doorstep. Though there are some delivery charges, a lot of the suppliers take them into account before they quote a price for a particular part.
There is no dearth of John Deere parts suppliers online, and, with some research, you can find what you are looking for at an economical price. This way you can definitely save some money and time, along with getting what you need for your John Deere machine. In case nothing works out online, you can always revert back to the dealer. The dealers also provide good support regarding the installation of the part. For those who are not much familiar with the mechanics, a little help can be really beneficial. Keep in touch with the John Deere dealers in your area, and seek their help for the difficult repairs that you run into.
Locating a part and installing it properly are two interconnected aspects. Hence, you need a good manual for the simple reason that you are not a skilled mechanic with John Deere mowers. Though you can manage routine maintenance easily, when it comes to things like servicing and airing up tires etc, you need to consult the manual. Purchasing the manual from the dealer or finding a new or used one online can help you get one. If you are searching for a manual online, type into the search engine the John Deere model you possess, and the options will be listed up for you!


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|Home Contact US
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On Line Store | Website: www.pubworldmemorabilia.com
Pub World Memorabilia is now primarily a world - wide on-line business which started over 30 years ago after our owner arrived from Australia and visited lots of pubs in Britain and Ireland (as Australians do!) and fell in love - with pubs, their signs, their stories and all the Pub Memorabilia, Bar Accessories & Breweriana that promote and decorate pubs all over the world.
From it`s early beginnings as a market trading business, our company was formally established in 1985 and initially was set up as a world-wide trade supplier of pub paraphernalia, artefacts and memorabilia, but by 1990 was evolving into a business largely built around pub sign art which we had designed and produced with Officially Licensed images from Peter Green`s Art World (c)
Much of our business is now based on our 60 exclusive Pub Memorabilia Collections all evolving from our Famous Pub Sign Art Collection (est.1992 - see below) with over 2000 exciting products including Pub Signs, Posters, Clocks, Beer Mat Coasters, Glassware and Pub Optics - over 15 different matching products in every Collection!
These Collections of matching Pub Memorabilia are designed to enable our customers to theme and decorate their Home Bars or Home Pubs, Man Caves, Pub Sheds or Dens or any room in the home. Our Pub Memorabilia is often added to the décor of Pubs, Restaurants, Cafés, Offices etc. or bought simply as Gifts, Souvenirs & Collectables
We also offer an extensive range of famous brand Bar Accessories & Breweriana including Metal Pub Signs, Pub Bar Towels, Beer Mat Coasters, Beer Bottle Labels and lots more providing the finishing touches "for a pub in your home.
Thanks for your interest and welcome to our On Line Store!
Email: [email protected] Telephone: +44 (0) 1842 827181