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Gary Johnson
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Gary Earl Johnson (born January 1, 1953) is an American businessman and politician. He served as the 29th Governor of New Mexico from 1995 to 2003, as a member of the Republican Party, and was the Libertarian Party nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election.[1] In November 2014 Johnson announced that he would run again for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination in 2016.[2]
Born in Minot, North Dakota, Johnson moved with his family to New Mexico in his childhood. While a student at the University of New Mexico in 1974, Johnson sustained himself financially by working as a door-to-door handyman. In 1976 he founded Big J Enterprises, which grew from this one-person venture to become one of New Mexico's largest construction companies.[3] He entered politics for the first time by running for Governor of New Mexico in 1994 on a fiscally conservative, low-tax and anti-crime platform.[4] Johnson won the Republican Party of New Mexico's gubernatorial nomination, and defeated incumbent Democratic governor Bruce King. During his tenure as governor, Johnson became known for his low-tax libertarian views, adhering to policies of tax and bureaucracy reduction supported by a cost–benefit analysis rationale. He cut the 10% annual growth in the budget: in part, due to his use of the gubernatorial veto 200 times during his first six months in office.[3] Johnson set state and national records for his use of veto and line-item veto powers:[3] estimated to have been more than the other 49 contemporary governors combined,[5][6] which gained him the nicknames "Veto Johnson" and "Governor Veto".[7][8]
Johnson successfully sought re-election in 1998. In his second term, he concentrated on the issue of school voucher reforms,[9] as well as campaigning for marijuana decriminalization and legalization, and opposition to the War on Drugs. Term limited, Johnson could not run for re-election at the end of his second term. As a fitness enthusiast known for his strong emphasis on personal health and aptitude,[10][11] Johnson has taken part in several Ironman Triathlons, and he climbed Mount Everest in May 2003.[12] After leaving office, Johnson founded the non-profit Our America Initiative in 2009, a political advocacy committee seeking to promote policies such as free enterprise, foreign non-interventionism, limited government and privatization. He endorsed the Republican presidential candidacy of Congressman Ron Paul in the 2008 election.[8]
Johnson announced his candidacy for president on April 21, 2011, as a Republican,[13] on a libertarian platform emphasizing the United States public debt and a balanced budget through a 43% reduction of all federal government spending, protection of civil liberties, an immediate end to the War in Afghanistan and his advocacy of the FairTax. On December 28, 2011, after being excluded from the majority of the Republican Party's presidential debates and failing to gain traction while campaigning for the New Hampshire primary, he withdrew his candidacy for the Republican nomination and announced that he would continue his presidential campaign as a candidate for the nomination of the Libertarian Party.[14] He won the Libertarian Party nomination on May 5, 2012. His chosen running mate Judge James P. Gray of California won the vice-presidential nomination. The Johnson/Gray ticket received 0.99% of the popular vote, amounting to 1.27 million votes, more than all other minor candidates combined. This was the most successful result for a third party presidential candidacy since 2000. It was the best showing in the Libertarian Party's history by vote count.[15]
- 1 Early life and career
- 2 Governor of New Mexico
- 3 2012 presidential campaign
- 4 Post-2012 elections
- 5 Potential 2016 presidential candidacy
- 6 Political positions
- 7 Personal life
- 8 Electoral history
- 9 Books
- 10 References
- 11 Further reading
- 12 External links
Early life and career
Johnson was born on January 1, 1953, in Minot, North Dakota, the son of Lorraine B. (née Bostow), who worked for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and Earl W. Johnson, a public school teacher.[16] His father was of half Danish and half Norwegian ancestry, and his mother was of Russian descent.[17][18] Johnson graduated from Sandia High School in Albuquerque in 1971, where he was on the school track team.[19] He attended the University of New Mexico from 1971 to 1975 and graduated with a Bachelor of Science in political science. While at UNM, he joined the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.[20][21] It was there that he met his future wife, Denise "Dee" Simms. While in college, Johnson earned money as a door-to-door handyman.[22] His success in that industry encouraged him to start his own business, Big J Enterprises, in 1976. When he started the business, which focused on mechanical contracting, Johnson was its only employee.[23] His major break with the firm was receiving a large contract from Intel's expansion in Rio Rancho, which increased Big J's revenue to $38 million.[18] Over-burdened by his success, Johnson enrolled in a time management course at night school, which he credits with making him heavily goal-driven.[18] He eventually grew Big J into a multi-million dollar corporation with over 1,000 employees.[24] By the time he sold the company in 1999, it was one of New Mexico's leading construction companies.[25]
Governor of New Mexico
First term
Johnson entered politics in 1994, with the intention of running for governor and was advised by "Republican Elders"[18] to run for the State Legislature instead.[18] Despite their advice, Johnson spent $500,000 of his own money and entered the race with the intent of bringing a "common sense business approach" to the office.[26] Johnson's campaign slogan was "People before Politics".[27] His platform emphasized tax cuts, job creation, state government spending growth restraint, and law and order.[4] He won the Republican nomination, defeating state legislator Richard P. Cheney by 34% to 33%, with John Dendahl and former governor David F. Cargo in third and fourth. Johnson subsequently won the general election, defeating the incumbent Democratic Governor Bruce King by 50% to 40%. Johnson was elected in a nationally Republican year, although party registration in the state of New Mexico at the time was 2-to-1 Democratic.[28]
As governor, Johnson followed a strict small government approach. According to former New Mexico Republican National Committee member Mickey D. Barnett, "Any time someone approached him about legislation for some purpose, his first response always was to ask if government should be involved in that to begin with."[29] He vetoed 200 of 424 bills in his first six months in office—a national record of 47% of all legislation—and used the line-item veto on most remaining bills.[3] In office, Johnson fulfilled his campaign promise to reduce the 10% annual growth of the state budget.[3] In his first budget, Johnson proposed a wide range of tax cuts, including a repeal of the prescription drug tax, a $47 million income tax cut, and a 6 cents per gallon gasoline tax cut. However, of these, only the gasoline tax cut was passed.[30] During the November 1995 federal government shutdown, he joined 20 other Republican governors who called on the Republican leadership in Congress to stand firm in negotiations against the Clinton administration in budget negotiations; in the article reporting on the letter and concomitant news conference he was quoted as calling for eliminating the budget deficit through proportional cuts across the budget.[31] Although Johnson worked to reduce overall state spending, in his first term, he raised education spending by nearly a third.[10] When drop-out rates and test scores showed little improvement, Johnson changed his tactics and began advocating for school vouchers—a key issue in budget battles of his second term as governor.[10]
Second term
In 1998, Johnson ran for re-election as governor against Democratic Albuquerque Mayor Martin Chavez. In his campaign, Johnson promised to continue the policies of his first term: improving schools; cutting state spending, taxes, and bureaucracy; and frequent use of his veto and line-item veto power.[32] Fielding a strong Hispanic candidate in a 40% Hispanic state, the Democrats were expected to oust Johnson,[10] but Johnson won by a 55%-to-45% margin:[33] making him the first Governor of New Mexico to serve two successive four-year terms after term limits were expanded to two terms in 1991.[26] Johnson made the promotion of a school voucher system a "hallmark issue" of his second term.[34] In 1999, he proposed the first statewide voucher system in America, which would have enrolled 100,000 students in its first year.[10] That year, he vetoed two budgets that failed to include a voucher program and a government shutdown was threatened,[10] but ultimately yielded to Democratic majorities in both houses of the New Mexico Legislature, who opposed the plan. Johnson signed the budget, but line-item vetoed a further $21m, or 0.5%, from the legislative plan.[35] In 1999, Johnson became one of the highest-ranking elected officials in the US to advocate the legalization of marijuana.[36] Saying the War on Drugs was "an expensive bust", he advocated the decriminalization of marijuana use and concentration on harm-reduction measures for all other illegal drugs. "He compared attempts to enforce the nation's drug laws with the failed attempt at alcohol prohibition. Half of what government spends on police, courts and prisons is to deal with drug offenders."[23] He suggested that drug abuse be treated as a health issue, not as a criminal issue. His approach to the issue garnered supportive notice from conservative icon William F. Buckley,[37] as well as the Cato Institute and Rolling Stone.[18]
In 2000, Johnson proposed a more ambitious voucher program than he had proposed the year before, under which each parent would receive $3,500 per child for education at any private or parochial school.[34] The Democrats sought $90m extra school funding without school vouchers, and questioned Johnson's request for more funding for state-run prisons, having opposed his opening of two private prisons.[38] Negotiations between the governor and the legislature were contentious, again nearly leading to a government shutdown. In 2000, New Mexico was devastated by the Cerro Grande Fire. Johnson's handling of the disaster earned him accolades from The Denver Post, which observed that:
Johnson.....was all over the Cerro Grande Fire last week. He helped reporters understand where the fire was headed when low-level Forest Service officials couldn't, ran herd over the bureaucratic process of getting state and federal agencies and the National Guard involved, and even helped put out some of the fire with his feet. On a tour of Los Alamos last Wednesday, when he saw small flames spreading across a lawn, he had his driver stop his car. He jumped out and stomped on the flames, as did his wife and some of his staffers.[11]Johnson's leadership during the fire was praised by Democratic Congressman Tom Udall, who said: "I think the real test of leadership is when you have circumstances like this. He's called on his reserves of energy and has just been a really excellent leader under very difficult circumstances here."[11] Johnson rebuffed efforts by the Libertarian Party to draft him in the 2000 presidential election, stating himself to be a Republican with no interest in running for president.[39]
Commentator Andrew Sullivan quoted a claim that Johnson "is highly regarded in the state for his outstanding leadership during two terms as governor. He slashed the size of state government during his term and left the state with a large budget surplus."[40] In an interview in Reason magazine in January 2001, Johnson's accomplishments in office were described as follows: "no tax increases in six years, a major road building program, shifting Medicaid to managed care, constructing two new private prisons, canning 1,200 state employees, and vetoing a record number of bills".[26] According to one New Mexico paper, "Johnson left the state fiscally solid", and was "arguably the most popular governor of the decade… leaving the state with a $1 billion budget surplus."[41] The Washington Times reported that when Johnson left office, "the size of state government had been substantially reduced and New Mexico was enjoying a large budget surplus."[29]
According to a profile of Johnson in the National Review, "During his tenure, he vetoed more bills than the other 49 governors combined—750 in total, one third of which had been introduced by Republican legislators. Johnson also used his line-item-veto power thousands of times. He credits his heavy veto pen for eliminating New Mexico's budget deficit and cutting the growth rate of New Mexico's government in half."[42] According to the Myrtle Beach Sun, Johnson "said his numerous vetoes, only two of which were overridden, stemmed from his philosophy of looking at all things for their cost–benefit ratio and his axe fell on Republicans as well as Democrats".[23]
While in office, Johnson was criticized for opposing funding for an independent study of private prisons after a series of riots and killings at the facilities.[43] Martin Chavez, his opponent in the 1998 New Mexico gubernatorial race, criticized Johnson for his frequent vetoing of programs, suggesting that it resulted in New Mexico's low economic and social standing nationally.[44] Journalist Mark Ames described Johnson as "a hard-core conservative" who "ruled the state like a right-wing authoritarian" and only embraced marijuana legalization in his second term for populist gain.[45] This was mainly in reference to a commercial from Johnson's reelection campaign, featuring Johnson saying that a felon in New Mexico would serve "every lousy second" of their prison sentence. Johnson insisted however that the commercial was directed at "the guy who's got his gun out" rather than non-violent drug offenders.[45]
Post governorship
Johnson was term limited and could not run for a third consecutive term as governor in 2002.[46] In the 2008 presidential election campaign, Johnson endorsed Ron Paul for the Republican nomination, "because of his commitment to less government, greater liberty, and lasting prosperity for America."[8][47] Johnson spoke at Paul's "Rally for the Republic" on September 2, 2008.[48]
Johnson serves on the Advisory Council of Students for Sensible Drug Policy,[49] a student nonprofit organization which advocates for drug policy reform.
As of April 2011[update], he serves on the board of directors of Students For Liberty, a nonprofit libertarian organization.[50] His first book, Seven Principles of Good Government, was published on August 1, 2012.[51]
2012 presidential campaign
In the 2012 United States presidential election, Johnson received 1% of the popular vote, amounting to more than 1.2 million votes. This was the most successful result for a third-party presidential candidacy since 2000, and the best in the Libertarian Party's history by vote number.[15][52]
Early history
In 2009, Johnson began indicating interest in running for president in the 2012 election.[53][54] In the April 20, 2009 edition of The American Conservative Magazine, Bill Kauffman told readers to "keep an eye out" for a Johnson presidential campaign in 2012, reporting that Johnson had told him that "he was keeping his options open for 2012" and that "he may take a shot at the Republican presidential nomination in 2012 as an antiwar, anti-Fed, pro-personal liberties, slash-government-spending candidate—in other words, a Ron Paul libertarian".[53] During a June 24, 2009 appearance on Fox News's Freedom Watch, host Judge Andrew Napolitano asked Johnson if he would run for president in 2012, to which Johnson responded that he thought it would be inappropriate to openly express his desires before President Obama is given the opportunity to prove himself, but he followed up that statement by saying "it appears personal freedoms are being shoveled out the window more and more."[55]
In an October 26, 2009 interview with the Santa Fe New Mexican's Steve Terrell, Johnson announced his decision to form an advocacy committee called the Our America Initiative to help him raise funds and promote small government ideas. In December 2009, Johnson hired strategist Ronald T. Nielson of NSON Opinion Strategy, who has worked with Johnson since 1993 when he ran his successful gubernatorial campaign, to organize the Our American Initiative as a 501(c)(4) committee. The stated focus of the organization is to "speak out on issues regarding topics such as government efficiency, lowering taxes, ending the war on drugs, protecting civil liberties, revitalizing the economy and promoting entrepreneurship and privatization".[56] The move prompted speculation among media pundits and Johnson's supporters that he might be laying the groundwork for a 2012 presidential run.[57][58] Throughout 2010, Johnson repeatedly deflected questions about a 2012 presidential bid by saying his 501(c)(4) status prevented him from expressing a desire to run for federal office on politics.[59][60] However, he was outspoken about the issues affecting the country, particularly "the size and cost of government" and the "deficits and debt that truly threaten to consume the U.S. economy, and which represent the single greatest threat to our national security."[61]
In February 2011, Johnson was a featured speaker at both the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) and the Republican Liberty Caucus.[62] At CPAC, "the crowd liked him—even as he pushed some of his more controversial points."[63] Johnson tied with New Jersey Governor Chris Christie for third in the CPAC Straw Poll, trailing only Ron Paul and Mitt Romney (and ahead of such notables as former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich, former Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty, Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels and former Alaska Governor and 2008 vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin).[64] David Weigel of Slate called Johnson the second-biggest winner of the conference, writing that his "third-place showing in the straw poll gave Johnson his first real media hook … He met tons of reporters, commanded a small scrum after the vote, and is a slightly lighter shade of dark horse now."[65]
Republican presidential candidacy
On April 21, 2011 Johnson announced via Twitter, "I am running for president."[66] He followed this announcement with a speech at the New Hampshire State House in Concord, New Hampshire.[13] He was the first of an eventually large field to announce his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination.[67] Johnson chose Ron Nielson, a director for both of his New Mexico gubernatorial campaigns, as his presidential campaign director and senior advisor.[67] The campaign was headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah.[67] Johnson's economics advisor was Harvard economics professor Jeffrey Miron.[68] Initially, Johnson hoped Ron Paul would not run for president so that Johnson could galvanize Paul's network of libertarian-minded voters, and he even traveled to Houston to tell Paul of his decision to run in person,[67] but Paul announced his candidacy on May 13, 2011.
Johnson participated in the first of the Republican presidential debates, hosted by Fox News in South Carolina on May 5, 2011, appearing on stage with Herman Cain, Ron Paul, Tim Pawlenty, and Rick Santorum. Mitt Romney and Michele Bachmann both declined to debate. Johnson was excluded from the next three debates on June 13 (hosted by CNN in New Hampshire), August 11 (hosted by Fox News in Iowa), and September 7 (hosted by CNN in California).[67] After the first exclusion, Johnson made a 43-minute video responding to each of the debate questions, which he posted on YouTube.[67][69] The first exclusion, which was widely publicized, gave Johnson "a little bump" in name recognition and produced "a small uptick" in donations.[67] But "the long term consequences were dismal."[67] For the financial quarter ending June 30, Johnson raised a mere $180,000.[67] Fox News decided that because Johnson polled at least 2% in five recent polls, he could participate in a September 22 debate in Florida, which it co-hosted with the Florida Republican Party (the party objected to Johnson's inclusion).[67] Johnson participated, appearing on stage with Michele Bachmann, Herman Cain, Newt Gingrich, Jon Huntsman, Ron Paul, Rick Perry, Mitt Romney, and Rick Santorum. During the debate, Johnson delivered what many media outlets, including the Los Angeles Times, and Time, called the best line of the night: "My next-door neighbor's two dogs have created more shovel ready jobs than this administration."[70][71] Entertainment Weekly opined that Johnson had won the debate.[72]
Libertarian presidential nomination and campaign
Although Johnson had focused the majority of his campaign activities on the New Hampshire primary, he announced on November 29, 2011 that he would no longer campaign there due to his inability to gain traction with less than a month until the primary.[73] There was speculation in the media that he might run as a Libertarian Party candidate instead. Johnson acknowledged that he was considering such a move.[74][75][76] In December, Politico reported that Johnson would quit the Republican primaries and announce his intention to seek the Libertarian Party nomination at a December 28 press conference.[77] He also encouraged his supporters to vote for Ron Paul in 2012 Republican presidential primaries.[78]
On December 28, 2011, Johnson formally withdrew his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination, and declared his candidacy for the 2012 presidential nomination of the Libertarian Party in Santa Fe, New Mexico.[14] On May 5, 2012, at the 2012 Libertarian National Convention, Johnson received the Libertarian Party's official nomination for president in the 2012 election, by a vote of 419 votes to 152 votes for second-place candidate R. Lee Wrights.[1][79] In his acceptance speech, Johnson asked the convention's delegates to nominate as his running mate Judge Jim Gray of California.[80] Gray subsequently received the party's vice-presidential nomination on the first ballot.[79]
Johnson spent the early months of his campaign making media appearances on television programs such as The Daily Show with Jon Stewart[81] and Red Eye w/Greg Gutfeld.[82] Starting in September 2012, Johnson embarked on a three-week tour of college campuses throughout the US.[83][84] On October 23, 2012, Gary Johnson participated in a third party debate that was aired on C-SPAN, RT America, and Al Jazeera English.[85][86] A post-debate online election allowed people to choose two candidates from the debate they thought had won to face each other head to head in a run-off debate. Gary Johnson and Jill Stein won the poll.[87] They debated in Washington, D.C., on November 5, 2012.[88]
Johnson stated that his goal was to win at least 5 percent of the vote, as winning 5 percent would allow Libertarian Party candidates equal ballot access and federal funding during the next election cycle.[89][90] In a national Gallup poll of likely registered voters conducted June 7 through June 10, 2012, Johnson took 3% of the vote,[91] while a Gallup poll conducted September 6 through September 9, 2012, showed Johnson taking 1% of likely voters.[92] A Zogby poll released July 13, 2012, revealed Johnson took 5.3% of likely voters,[93] while a Zogby poll released September 23, 2012, showed Johnson taking 2% of likely voters.[94] The final results showed Johnson polling nearly 1.3 million votes and 1.0% of the popular vote.[95][96] This established a Libertarian Party record for total votes won in a presidential election and the second-highest Libertarian percentage ever, behind Ed Clark's 1.1% in 1980.[97] Despite falling short of his stated goal of 5%, Johnson stated, "Ours is a mission accomplished".[98] In regards to a future presidential bid, he said "it is too soon to be talking about 2016".[98]
Post-2012 elections
Since the 2012 elections, Johnson has continued to criticize the Obama administration on various issues. In an article for The Guardian, Johnson called on United States Attorney General Eric Holder to let individual states legalize marijuana.[99] In a Google Hangout hosted by Johnson in June 2013, he criticized the US government's lack of transparency and due process in regards to the NSA's domestic surveillance programs. He also said that he would not discount running as a Republican again in the future.[100]
Our America PAC
In December 2013, Johnson announced the founding of his own Super PAC, Our America PAC. The Super PAC is intended to support libertarian-minded causes. "From the realities of government-run healthcare setting in to the continuing disclosures of the breadth of NSA's domestic spying, more Americans than ever are ready to take a serious look at candidates who offer real alternatives to business-as-usual," the release announcing the PAC said.[101]
Board of Directors of Medican Enterprises
In March 2014 Johnson was appointed to the board of Medican Enterprises, a bio-pharmaceutical company focused on the medical marijuana industry.[102]
CEO of Cannabis Sativa Inc.
In July 2014 Johnson was named president and CEO of Cannabis Sativa Inc., a Nevada-based company that aims primarily to sell medical cannabis products in states where medicinal and/or recreational cannabis is legal.[103][104]
Potential 2016 presidential candidacy
In an April 2014 Reddit "Ask Me Anything" session, Johnson stated that he hopes to run for president again in 2016.[105] On whether he would run as a Libertarian or a Republican, he stated that "I would love running as a Libertarian because I would have the least amount of explaining to do."[105]
In November 2014, Johnson affirmed his intention to run for the 2016 Libertarian nomination.[2]
Political positions
Johnson's views have been described as fiscally conservative and socially liberal[106] with a philosophy of limited government[107] and military non-interventionism.[108][109] He has identified as a classical liberal.[110] Johnson has said he favors simplifying and reducing taxes.[111] During his governorship, Johnson cut taxes fourteen times and never increased them.[112] Due to his stance on taxes, political pundit David Weigel described him as "the original Tea Party candidate."[113] Johnson has advocated for the FairTax, a proposal which would abolish all federal income, corporate and capital gains taxes, and replace them with a 23% tax on consumption of all non-essential goods, while providing a regressive rebate to households according to income level. He has argued that this would assure transparency in the tax system and incentivize the private sector to create "tens of millions of jobs."[114]
Johnson has said that he supports balancing the federal budget immediately.[115] He has stated he supports "slashing government spending", including Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security,[111] which would involve cutting Medicare and Medicaid by 43 percent and turning them into block grant programs, with control of spending in the hands of the states to create, in his words, "fifty laboratories of innovation."[115] He has advocated passing a law allowing for state bankruptcy and expressly ruling out a federal bailout of any states.[107] Johnson has expressed opposition to the Federal Reserve System, which he has cited as massively devaluing the strength of the U.S. dollar, and would sign legislation to eliminate it. He has also supported an audit of the central bank, and urged Members of Congress in July 2012 to vote in favor of Ron Paul's Federal Reserve Transparency Act.[116]
In his campaign for the Libertarian Party nomination, he stated he opposed foreign wars and pledged to cut the military budget by 43 percent in his first term as president.[109] He would cut the military's overseas bases, uniformed and civilian personnel, research and development, intelligence, and nuclear weapons programs.[117][118] He has stated his opposition to US involvement in the War in Afghanistan and opposed the US involvement in the Libyan Civil War.[119] He has stated that he does not believe Iran is a military threat, would use his presidential power to prevent Israel from attacking Iran, and would not follow Israel, or any other ally, into a war that it had initiated.[120]
Johnson is a strong supporter of civil liberties and received the highest score of any candidate from the American Civil Liberties Union for supporting drug decriminalization and having a pro-choice stance on abortion, while opposing censorship and regulation of the Internet, the Patriot Act, enhanced airport screenings, and the indefinite detention of prisoners.[121] He has spoken in favor of the separation of church and state, and has said that he does not "seek the counsel of God" when determining his political agenda.[122] Johnson endorsed same-sex marriage in 2011;[123] he has since called for a constitutional amendment protecting equal marriage rights,[123] and criticized Obama's position on the issue as having "thrown this question back to the states."[124] Johnson has been a longtime advocate of legalizing marijuana and has said that if he were president, he would remove it from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act as well as issue an executive order pardoning non-violent marijuana offenders.[125] Johnson has stated his opposition to gun control and has said, "I'm a firm believer in the Second Amendment and so I would not have signed legislation banning assault weapons or automatic weapons."[126]
Personal life
Johnson was married to Dee Johnson (née Simms; 1952–2006) from 1977 to 2005.[127] As First Lady of New Mexico, she engaged in campaigns against smoking and breast cancer,[128] and oversaw the enlargement of the Governor's Mansion. He initiated a separation in May 2005 and four months later he announced that they would divorce.[129] Dee Johnson died unexpectedly on December 22, 2006, at the age of 54.[130] It was established in February 2007 that her death was caused by hypertensive heart disease.[131] Syndicated columnist John Dendahl expressed shock upon her death, as she had been "very vivacious" only two weeks previously. After her death, Johnson said, "People couldn't have gotten a better number one volunteer, because that's what she was. Whatever [the issue] was, she had a caring approach."[130] Johnson and his late wife have two grown children:[127] a daughter, Seah (born 1979), and a son, Erik (born 1982).[132]
As of November 9, 2012,[133] Johnson is engaged to Santa Fe real estate agent Kate Prusack, whom he began dating in 2008 after meeting on a bike ride. Johnson proposed in 2009 on the chair lift at Taos Ski Valley Resort in New Mexico.[134] He lives in Taos, New Mexico,[135][136] in a home that he built himself.[63]
Johnson is an avid triathlete who bikes extensively and abstains from all recreational drug use, caffeine, alcohol, and some sugar products. During his term in office, he competed in several triathlons, marathons and bike races. He competed three times (1993, 1997, 1999) as a celebrity invitee at the Ironman World Championship in Hawaii, registering his best time for the Script error: No such module "convert". swim, Script error: No such module "convert". bike ride, and Script error: No such module "convert". marathon run in 1999 with 10 hours, 39 minutes, and 16 seconds.[137][138] He once ran Script error: No such module "convert". in 30 consecutive hours in the Rocky Mountains.[18] On May 30, 2003, he reached the summit of Mount Everest[12] "despite toes blackened with frostbite."[29] He has climbed all seven of the Seven Summits: Mount Everest, Mount Elbrus, Mount McKinley, Mount Kilimanjaro, Aconcagua, Mount Vinson, and Carstensz Pyramid—the tallest peaks in Asia, Europe, North America, Africa, South America, Antarctica, and Oceania respectively.[139] He completed the Bataan Memorial Death March at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, in which participants traverse a 26.2 mile course through the desert, many of them in combat boots and wearing 35-pound packs.[140] On October 12, 2005, Johnson was involved in a near-fatal paragliding accident when his wing caught in a tree and he fell approximately 50 feet to the ground. Johnson suffered multiple bone fractures, including a burst fracture to his T12 vertebrae, a broken rib, and a broken knee; this accident left him 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) shorter.[141][142][143] He used medicinal marijuana for pain control from 2005 to 2008.[144]
Johnson is a Lutheran and stated that his belief in God has given him "a very fundamental belief that we should do unto others as we would have others do unto us."[145]
Electoral history
|New Mexico gubernatorial election, 1994[146]
|Gary Johnson
|Bruce King (inc.)
|Roberto Mondragón
|Republican gain from Democratic
|New Mexico gubernatorial election, 1998[147]
|Gary Johnson (inc.)
|Martin Chávez
|Republican hold
|United States presidential election, 2012[96]
Election on November 6, 2012
|Barack Obama (inc.)
|Mitt Romney
|Gary Johnson
|Jill Stein
|Virgil Goode
|Democratic hold
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- ^ "Governor Shane Niksik". Forbes. May 8, 2011. Archived from the original on June 19, 2009. Retrieved June 19, 2009.
- ^ a b c Lynch, Michael W. (January 2001). "America's Most Dangerous Politician – Republican Governor of New Mexico Gary E. Johnson". Reason. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
- ^ Massey, Barry (November 26, 1995). "Governor sets a fast pace in New Mexico Marathons, vetoes keep him moving". The Denver Post.
- ^ "Gary Johnson Offers Third Choice In 2012 Elections". NPR. June 21, 2012. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
- ^ a b c Hollow, Ralph Z. (February 6, 2011). "Maverick N.M. politician always on trail". The Washington Times. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
- ^ Moore, Stephen; Stansel, Dean (July 26, 1996). "A Fiscal Policy Report Card on America's Governors:1996". Cato Institute. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
- ^ Tollerson, Ernest (November 20, 1995). "Governors In G.O.P. Urge Stand On Budget". The New York Times.
- ^ Ayres, B. Drummond, Jr. (October 23, 1998). "Democrats Renew Push in New Mexico". The New York Times.
- ^ "CNN election results 1998". CNN. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
- ^ a b Janofsky, Michael (January 31, 2000). "Parents Lead Way as States Debate School Vouchers". The New York Times.
- ^ Janofsky, Michael (May 14, 1999). "$21 Million Vetoed in Budget". Albuquerque Journal. (subscription required)
- ^ Janofsky, Michael (September 16, 2000). "Antidrug Program's End Stirs Up Salt Lake City". The New York Times.
- ^ Buckley, William F. (June 29, 2004). "Free Weeds: The marijuana debate". National Review. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
- ^ Lieberman, Jon (March 14, 2000). "Political Brawl Leaves New Mexico Without Budget". Pew Charitable Trusts. Archived from the original on November 27, 2008. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
- ^ Janofsky, Michael (October 7, 1999). "New Mexico Governor Resists Draft Efforts by Libertarians". The New York Times.
- ^ Sullivan, Andrew (January 19, 2011). "The Tea Party On Prohibition: Lovin' It". The Atlantic. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
- ^ Gardner, Jeffry (January 6, 2011). "More than 10 years have past since the feared 2000 disaster". Los Alamos Monitor.
- ^ Bolduc, Brian (January 3, 2011). "2012: Year of the Libertarian?". National Review.
- ^ Massey, Barry (September 3, 1999). "Johnson opposes independent study of private prisons". Associated Press. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
- ^ Ayres, Jr., B. Drummond (October 23, 1998). "Democrats Renew Push in New Mexico". The New York Times. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
- ^ a b Ames, Mark (November 6, 2012). "The Gary Johnson Swindle and the Degradation of Third Party Politics". nsfwcorp.com. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
- ^ "Constitutional and statutory provisions for number of consecutive terms of elected state officials" (PDF). National Governors Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2011. Retrieved April 27, 2008.
- ^ George Dance (January 11, 2010). "Gary Johnson and Our America". Nolan Chart. Retrieved May 17, 2011.
- ^ Keck, Kristi (September 3, 2008). "Thousands rally at Ron Paul convention". CNN. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
- ^ "Students for Sensible Drug Policy, Advisory Council". 2010. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
- ^ "Leadership". Students For Liberty. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
- ^ Seven Principles of Good Government: Gary Johnson on Politics, People and Freedom: Insights from the 2012 Libertarian Party Nominee for P. Google. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
- ^ "Libertarian Party buoyant; Greens hopeful". United Press International. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
- ^ a b Bill Kauffman (April 21, 2009). "The Republic Strikes Back". The American Conservative. Retrieved April 4, 2009.
- ^ 24 Hour Newsroom (October 27, 2009). "Ex-Gov Mulls Presidential Bid". 770 KKOB AM. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
- ^ Pt 5/6 Freedom Watch Napolitano Ron Paul Lew Rockwell Gary Johnson David Boaz & more 6-24-09. YouTube. June 24, 2009. Event occurs at 1:58. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
- ^ Johnson, Gary. "OUR America Initiative". Our America Initiative. Retrieved April 11, 2011.
- ^ Steve Terrell (October 26, 2009). "Group wants Johnson on presidential ballot". Santa Fe New Mexican. Retrieved October 27, 2009.
- ^ Gadi Schwartz (November 5, 2009). "Supporters call for former Gov. Johnson to run for president". KOB News 4. Archived from the original on January 9, 2010. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
- ^ Hannity, Sean (May 10, 2010). "Controversial Republican Eyeing White House?". Fox News Channel. Retrieved August 31, 2010.
- ^ Wallsten, Peter (August 9, 2010). "Washington Wire Q & A: Gary Johnson". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 31, 2010.
- ^ Johnson, Gary (January 18, 2011). "$100 billion in spending cuts this year? How about this week!". The Daily Caller.
- ^ Carey, Amanda (February 8, 2011). "Potential 2012 presidential candidate Gary Johnson to speak at CPAC". The Daily Caller.
- ^ a b Good, Chris (February 11, 2011). "Is Gary Johnson the Next Ron Paul?". The Atlantic.
- ^ Falcone, Michael (February 12, 2011). "Ron Paul Wins 2011 CPAC Straw Poll, Sarah Palin Finishes a Distant 9th Place". ABC News.
- ^ Weigel, David (February 14, 2011). "Who Won CPAC?". Slate.
- ^ Kapur, Sahil (April 21, 2011). "Pro-pot, anti-war Republican Gary Johnson running for president". The Raw Story. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Lisa Depaulo (November 2011). "Is This the Sanest Man Running for President?". GQ. Condé Nast.
- ^ "Johnson Key Staff and Advisers". Politico LLC. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
- ^ Conor Friesdorf (June 15, 2011). "Gary Johnson Crashes the N.H. Republican Debate". The Atlantic. The Atlantic Monthly Group.
- ^ Michael Muskal (September 23, 2011). "Gary Johnson cleaning up with his dog poop quip". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Newspapers.
- ^ Michael Scherer (September 23, 2011). "What You Missed While Not Watching the Fox News/Google Debate". Time.
- ^ Jeff Labrecque (September 23, 2011). "Gary Johnson and neighbor's two dogs win Republican presidential debate". Entertainment Weekly.
- ^ Fortier, Mark (November 29, 2011). "Gary Johnson Throws in the Towel in NH". Portsmouth Patch. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
- ^ Moran, Andrew (November 29, 2011). "Gov. Gary Johnson may run for U.S. President as a Libertarian". Digital Journal. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ Friedersdorf, Conor (November 30, 2011). "Will Gary Johnson Seek the Libertarian Party's Nomination?". The Atlantic. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ "Interview with Gary Johnson". Liberty Underground / 1787 Network. December 2, 2011.
- ^ Epstein, Reid J. (December 20, 2011). "Johnson to run as Libertarian". Politico.
- ^ Steve Nelson; Will Rahn. "Gary Johnson encourages supporters to vote for Ron Paul in GOP primaries". The Daily Caller. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
- ^ a b Winger, Richard (May 5, 2012). "Gary Johnson Nominated by Libertarian Party on First Ballot". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 5, 2012.
- ^ Moxley, R. Scott (May 5, 2012). "Libertarian Presidential Candidate Gary Johnson: Give Me Orange County's Jim Gray as VP". OC Weekly. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
- ^ Puditty (Jun 5, 2012). "Gary Johnson visits 'The Daily Show with Jon Stewart'". Allvoices.com. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
- ^ Crugnale, James (June 6, 2012). "Penn Jillette & Gary Johnson Lament NY's Marijuana Decriminalization Doesn't Go Far Enough". Mediaite. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
- ^ Walsh, Kenneth (September 11, 2012). "Gary Johnson Could Spoil Romney's Chances". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
- ^ Rose, Joel (September 26, 2012). "Libertarian Candidate Could Be Election Spoiler". NPR. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
- ^ "Presidential Hopefuls Meet in Third Party Debate". PBS NewsHour. October 25, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
- ^ Derek Rosenfeld (October 25, 2012). "Larry King Hosts Third Party Debate: Presidential Candidates Slam the Drug War". Huffington Post. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- ^ Josh Hicks (October 26, 2012). "Gary Johnson and Jill Stein will debate one-on-one". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- ^ Jack Kenny (November 5, 2012). "Johnson, Stein in Election Eve Debate". Mashable. Retrieved November 5, 2012.
- ^ Karoun Demirjian (October 5, 2012). "Libertarian candidate makes push for Nevada's Ron Paul supporters". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- ^ Lucas Eaves (November 1, 2012). "Why 5% matters to Gary Johnson". Independent Voter Network. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
- ^ Jones, Jeffrey (July 6, 2012). "Little Support for Third-Party Candidates in 2012 Election". Gallup. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
- ^ Newport, Frank (September 12, 2012). "Gary Johnson scores at 5.3% nationally against Obama and Romney". Watchdog.org. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
- ^ Nikolewski, Rob (July 14, 2012). "Gary Johnson scores at 5.3% nationally against Obama and Romney". Watchdog.org. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
- ^ Newport, Frank (September 23, 2012). "A New Zogby Poll Romney Loses Ground, Now Down By 8 Points; Wrong Track Voters At 52%". JZ Analytics. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
- ^ "US President – Popular Vote". Our Campaigns.
- ^ a b Dave Leip. "2012 Presidential General Election Results". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
- ^ Blake, Aaron; Sullivan, Sean (November 20, 2012). "The GOP's growing Libertarian problem". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
- ^ a b Weber, Joseph (November 7, 2012). "Johnson satisfied with presidential run, mum on future bid for office". Fox News Channel. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
- ^ Johnson, Gary (March 9, 2013). "Let states legalise marijuana, Eric Holder: you know it makes sense". The Guardian. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
- ^ Evans, Zenon (June 12, 2013). "Gary Johnson Weighs in on NSA, Says He's Open to Running As a Republican Again". Reason. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
- ^ Reichbach, Matthew (December 11, 2013). "Gary Johnson launches Super PAC". New Mexico Telegram. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
- ^ "Medican Enterprises Inc. Appoints Former New Mexico Governor to the Board of Directors". Medicaninc.com. March 12, 2014. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
- ^ Goldsmith, Alex (July 1, 2014). "Gary Johnson to head marijuana company". KRQE.com. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
- ^ Roller, Emma (July 2, 2014). "Gary Johnson Is Now CEO of a Marijuana Company. And He Wants to Run for President.". National Journal. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
- ^ a b Roller, Emma (April 23, 2014). "Remember Gary Johnson? He Wants to Run for President Again.". National Journal. Archived from the original on April 24, 2014.
- ^ Haq, Husna (April 21, 2011). "Election 101: Who is Gary Johnson?". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ a b Bolduc, Brian (January 3, 2011). "2012: Year of the Libertarian?". National Review. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ "Don't Forget Gary Johnson! How the Libertarian Could Shake Up 2012". The Daily Beast. May 6, 2012.
- ^ a b Brian Doherty (April 11, 2012). "Gary Johnson's Foreign Policy: Libertarian or "Strange"?". Reason.
- ^ Toole, John (September 25, 2011). "Johnson campaign tests GOP support for 'classical liberal'". The Eagle-Tribune. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
- ^ a b Glover, Mike (September 8, 2010). "Former NM gov is little known but has big ideas". Boston Globe. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ Quigley, Bernie (February 10, 2011). "Prelude to a nervous breakdown; New Mexico's Gary Johnson rises". The Hill. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ Weigel, David (September 8, 2010). "America's Next Top Libertarian". Slate. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ Quinn, Garrett (August 22, 2012). "Fair Tax Gives Gary Johnson Some Hiccups On The Trail". Reason. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
- ^ a b Klein, Rick (April 22, 2011). "Gary Johnson: 'From Obscurity to Prominence' in New Hampshire". ABC News. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ "Gov. Gary Johnson Sends Letter To House Of Representatives". garyjohnson2012.com. July 23, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
- ^ Interview with Gov. Gary Johnson, LP presidential candidate, on Foreign Policy. YouTube. April 2011. Event occurs at 6:00.
- ^ John Vaught LaBeaume (September 1, 2011). "Gov. Gary: Cut defense, quit subsidizing Eurocare". Washington Examiner.
- ^ Friedersdorf, Conor (April 22, 2011). "The Zen of Gary Johnson". The Atlantic. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ Interview with Gov. Gary Johnson, LP presidential candidate, on Foreign Policy. YouTube. April 2011. Event occurs at 4:30.
- ^ "Gary Johnson Braves the ACLU; The Libertarian presidential candidate charms a gathering of civil libertarians". Reason. January 31, 2012.
- ^ Landsberg, Mitchell (October 17, 2012). "Atheist group gives Obama an unenthusiastic nod over Romney". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
- ^ a b Riggs, Mike (May 10, 2012). "Gary Johnson on Obama's Gay Marriage Remarks: "I guess the President is still more worried about losing Ohio, Colorado, North Carolina and Virginia than he is in doing the right thing"". Reason. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
- ^ Scarboro, Aaron. "Why America Needs Gary Johnson". The Guardian Express. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
- ^ Riggs, Mike. "Gary Johnson on "Defanging" the DEA, Pardoning Marijuana Offenders, and Standing With Occupy Wall Street". Reason. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
- ^ Downs, Ray (November 6, 2012). "Presidential candidate Gary Johnson talks guns, for-profit prisons". WAFB. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
- ^ a b Haq, Husna. "Election 101: Who is Gary Johnson?". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
- ^ Olson, Sean (December 24, 2006). "Ex-N.M. First Lady Dies; Dee Johnson Fought for Women's and Children's Issues". Abqjournal.com. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
- ^ Linthicum, Leslie (September 29, 2005). "Ex-Gov. Johnson, Wife Are Divorcing". Albuquerque Journal. (subscription required)
- ^ a b Olson, Sean (December 24, 2006). "Ex-N.M. First Lady Dies; Dee Johnson Fought for Women's and Children's Issues". Albuquerque Journal. (subscription required)
- ^ Linthicum, Leslie (February 10, 2007). "Former First Lady Died of Heart Disease". Albuquerque Journal.(subscription required)
- ^ Daniels, Bruce (December 26, 2006). "6:20am – Flags at Half-Staff for Dee Johnson". Albuquerque Journal.
- ^ Nikolewski, Rob (November 9, 2012). "Gary Johnson contemplates bowing out of politics". Watchdog.org. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
- ^ Pappas, Alex (May 23, 2011). "Meet Kate Prusack, Gary Johnson's fiancé". The Daily Caller. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
- ^ Klein, Rick; Simmons, Gregory (February 10, 2011). "You Say You Want a Revolution?". ABC News. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
- ^ Linthicum, Leslie (January 3, 2010). "You Say You Want a Revolution?". Albuquerque Journal. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
- ^ Mallozzi, Vincent M. (October 12, 1997). "Famous Just Doesn't Make It". The New York Times.
- ^ "New Mexico Governor to Compete in Ironman Utah". World Triathlon Corporation. June 3, 2002.
- ^ "Gary Johnson summits Mount Vinson". Independent Political Report. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ^ Corjulo, Michael (August 9, 2011). "GOP Presidential Hopefuls Go To Ames, Gary Johnson Rides a Bike". Talking Points Memo. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
- ^ Navrot, Miguel (October 24, 2005). "Ex-Governor Johnson Injured While Paragliding". Albuquerque Journal. (subscription required)
- ^ Toole, John (September 9, 2011). "Johnson campaign tests GOP support for 'classical liberal'". eagletribune.com. The Eagle-Tribune. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
- ^ Moody, Chris (2011-09-21). "Unorthodox GOP candidate Gary Johnson gets his chance in Orlando debate". Yahoo! News. Yahoo!. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
- ^ McCormack, John (December 6, 2010). "Gov. Gary Johnson: I Smoked Marijuana from 2005 to 2008". The Weekly Standard. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
- ^ "Gary Johnson Candidate Profile". Reason. Retrieved November 17, 2012.
- ^ "Canvass of Returns of General Election Held on November 8, 1994 – State of New Mexico" (PDF).
- ^ "State of New Mexico Official 1998 General Election Results for Governor Of New Mexico". Archived from the original on November 30, 2008.
Further reading
- 2001 and 2002 State of the State speeches from stateline.org
- Failure-to-Launch, Nick Heil, Outside, September 12, 2011
- Republican Presidential Candidate Gary Johnson On Technology, Benjamin Kuo, socalTECH.com, November 2011
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gary Johnson.
|Wikinews has related news: GOP presidential candidate Gary Johnson considers Libertarian Party run
|Wikinews has related news: U.S. presidential candidate Gary Johnson leaves GOP to vie for the LP nom
|Wikinews has related news: Wikinews interviews former New Mexico governor Gary Johnson, presidential nominee of the Libertarian Party
- Official website
- Former official campaign website
- Profile at Project Vote Smart
- Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
|Party political offices
|Preceded by
Frank Bond
|Republican nominee for Governor of New Mexico
1994, 1998
| Succeeded by
John Sánchez
|Preceded by
Bob Barr
|Libertarian nominee for President of the United States
|Most recent
|Political offices
|Preceded by
Bruce King
|Governor of New Mexico
| Succeeded by
Bill Richardson
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text:
I have been given an assignment which i pretty much don't understand and i need your help please
this is the question. (There's a zip file that contains the code to be modified)
a) Extend the chat client as described above so that if a message contains the string ".mp3" this will be replaced by a music icon. For simplicity you ma y assume that this string will never appear twice in the same message,
or occur in the same message as the string that will be replaced by a smiley.
b) , change the client code to point to the URL of the remote chat server at The Open University, and have a conversation with a fellow student or students.
So you are likely to have someone to talk to when you connect to the server, we suggest t hat you try between 5 pm and 1 0pm, during the weeks 19 April to 26 April or 14 June to 21 June. If you cannot make these times then you can use the M362 discussion forum on FirstClass to arrange to meet a fellow student at a more convenient time.
In your Solutions Document include a screenshot showing a chat conversation with a fellow student and demonstrating that the music icon is correctly displayed.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
On September 11, 2001 life as we knew it dramatically changed! The tragedy that took place that day has affected our way of thinking forever. The Marion County Health Department plays an important part in the public health and safety system during a crisis as a member of the Task Force.
Because our number one goal is the importance of protecting our residents, clients, and staff, we have worked with other local public health and county officials to put together a Public Health Emergency Preparedness Plan. The Health Department's plan for preventing illness and exposure from a Bioterrorism attack is dependent on early detection and protective interventions of suspect persons. Our response plan addresses steps in surveillance, prevention and control of biological agents starting with containment and decontamination.
We have included information on various topics of Public Health Emergency Preparedness on our website in the hope of addressing the variety of questions that have arisen.
We are hopeful that by using the website on Public Health Emergency Preparedness, you will have some of the latest information available for you and your concerned family members.
View the items below for more information on each.
Information from the American Red Cross:
Power Outage
Pet Safety


text:
Cancer cells need fat to help them spread around the bodies, a new study found.
The cells needs "roads" to travel around the body and use fat to build these.
But if scientists can switch off the cells ability to eat these fatty acids then they could stop cancers spreading.
Currently chemotherapy and radiotherapy can treat many cancers but the majority of deaths are caused when cancer spreads.
To spread cancer cells must find a pre-existing 'road' or build a new 'road' to travel on.
In a breakthrough scientists from The Flanders Institute for Biotechnology found the cells has increased need for fat to grow these 'roads' known as lymphatic vessels - a special kind of blood vessels.
Lymphatic vessels, a specialised kind of vessels transporting fluid rather than blood, are a primary route of cancer cell spread.
But the formation of new lymphatic vessels, termed lymphangiogenesis, is a poorly understood process, which currently lacks clinically approved drugs to prevent their growth during disease.
Lead author Professor Dr Peter Carmeliet and colleagues investigated the metabolism of nutrients by lymphatic vessels.
The study published in Nature began with a simple observation that lymphatics use more fat - fatty acids - compared to blood vessels.
By using drugs to prevent fat utilisation by lymphatics prevented lymphatic growth, an important step in translating this finding to the cancer setting and inhibition of metastasis.
In order to understand why these cells are so reliant on fat, the researchers investigated how lymphatics develop.
They 'transform' from blood vessels during embryonic development, and the signals that transform blood vessels to lymphatics also change their 'taste' to prefer eating fat.
The discovery found that this 'transformation' relies on an increase of fat utilisation.
The fat used to generate molecules which can modify important factors that regulate the expression of the genetic code, termed epigenetic changes, which can ensure the function of lymphatics.
The hard-wiring of the genetic code (DNA) itself is not altered by fat, but the utilisation of this code that defines the lymphatic gene signature is modulated.
But resupplying another fat nutrient source could restore the growth and function of lymphatics.
Dr Brian Wong said: "Our study shows that the usage of fat by lymphatics is programmed in their development, and required for their growth and function.
"We have demonstrated by enhancing or preventing the usage of fat (or fat byproducts), we can control the growth of lymphatics."
The next steps to preventing cancer cell spread and treating cancer patients.
Future research will test fat usage inhibitors for their ability to reduce metastasis in different types of cancer.
It will also test whether dietary fat supplements, for instance in the form of ketone bodies, used by athletes) can heal faulty lymphatics.
This is a major complication in cancer patients undergoing surgical cancer removal, which leads to the debilitating swelling and dysfunction of the arms and legs, termed lymphedema, for which no drug is available.
Prof Carmeliet added: "Our immediate next studies are focusing on further translating these findings to the cancer setting.
"Previously, we could not develop drugs to target the growth of lymphatic vessels because we did not understand how they develop and function.
"Our work demonstrates the importance of their reliance on fat, and provides essential steps towards developing effective drugs to prevent excessive lymphatic growth in cancer, but also to treat incapacitating complications of lymphedema."


text:
Critz Hall is an all-female, traditional-style residence hall located in the North Zone of campus. Each room includes a microwave, refrigerator, wireless Internet, cable TV outlet, individual room temperature control, sink, mirror, and much more.
Critz Hall
Students showing off projects at the research symposium with the aid of their professors
Undergraduate Research Symposium
Teacher using art to help a severe disabilities child express herself
Express Yourself - T.K. Martin Center
Students in the finance lab looking at computer and tv screens of data
The Strategic Finance Laboratory
Faculty and staff reviewing items from the Ulysses S. Grant Presidential Collection
Ulysses S. Grant Presidential Collection
Pitcher throwing ball at the MSU baseball field with stands in the background and sunset
Super Bulldog Weekend
Special event happening on the Drill Field with students lining up to get hamburgers and hotdogs
Fun on the Drill Field
Over head sky view of key intersection on the drill field as students walk between classes


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Freedom of the Press
You are here
2012 Scores
Press Status
Press Freedom Score (0 = best, 100 = worst)
Legal Environment(0 = best, 30 = worst)
Political Environment(0 = best, 40 = worst)
Economic Environment(0 = best, 30 = worst)
Status change explanation: Chile declined from Free to Partly Free due to harassment, detention, and attacks against visual media journalists attempting to cover protests and strikes during 2011. Also, a small bomb exploded outside the offices of the media company Copesa, and cyberattacks were launched on news websites. The independent media remained stifled by the existing ownership duopoly, especially in the print sector.
Chile has a number of latent structural, legal, and public security policy weaknesses that can result in press restrictions. These conditions result from incomplete media law reforms after the Pinochet dictatorship (1973–90) as well as the country's particular political and economic models. In 2011, public security operations and the legal and structural foundations of poor media diversity took center stage. Massive political mobilization against educational and environmental policy during the first conservative government since the return to democracy in 1990 provided the context for the violations of press freedom that arose during the year.
Freedoms of speech and of the press are guaranteed in Chile's constitution. However, criminal defamation and desacato (insult) laws have been used to silence journalists sporadically since the return to democracy, often leading to public outcry and the abrogation of some laws.
Amendments in 2010 to a 1994 community radio law allowed community broadcasters in theory to increase their minimal signal strength and carry advertising from companies not physically present in the areas they cover. The law also created a path to licensing for noncommercial stations linked to community organizations. However, the changes have not been promulgated by the current president, conservative businessman and former television network owner Sebastián Piñera, generating legal and financial uncertainty. Further, the new law does not abrogate Article 36B of the General Telecommunications Law, which calls for criminal penalties and high fines for those who broadcast without a license. In a small victory, a lower court judge in December ordered the government to return the equipment confiscated from Radio Tentación de Paine in 2010 and allowed director Marcelo Muñoz to continue to operate the station as long as it broadcast only community service announcements. Muñoz must attest to upholding the ruling every six months.
In 2011, several journalists were harassed or detained as a result of their reporting during protests against costly and inequitable education access and the HydroAysén project, which would build five hydroelectric dams in the southern Patagonia region. Foreign Correspondents Association President Mauricio Weibel said police violence against journalists and impunity had increased "at a frightening rate." At least nine such cases were documented as of October. In the education protests, which began in May and continued through the end of the year, many of the journalists targeted were photographers or cameramen who were filming clashes between the carabineros, or national police, and the demonstrators.
Marcela Rodríguez, a photographer for the Mapuexpress website, was arrested in May with 10 others during a protest against the HydroAysén dam project. She was eventually acquitted, but had faced up to 300 days in jail and a fine for disturbing public order. Since 2008, a number of journalists and documentarians have faced legal and physical harassment while covering land conflicts of the Mapuche indigenous people in southern Chile.
Additionally, in April 2011, a documentary depicting the Mapuche land struggles was denied access to national distribution on grounds it "attacked the image" of the southern Araucanía region. The filmmaker, Elena Varela, had been charged with "links with a terrorist group" and held for three months in 2008 while making the documentary, Newen Mapuche. She was acquitted in 2010.
Repression of media coverage of other sensitive subjects continued, and in November, two journalists were detained by the national police during a controversial tribute to a former officer convicted of human rights crimes during the Pinochet dictatorship.
In addition to journalists being physically attacked, news sources were victims of attack. In November, a homemade bomb exploded outside the offices of Copesa, the media company that publishes La Tercera, a mainstream daily. No one was injured, though some windows were shattered. Also, three news websites were hit with cyberattacks from an unknown source in early November, forcing them to close for 24 hours. In October, Argo TV, a community television station, had the cables to its broadcasting tower cut, rendering it unable to broadcast.
Despite these incidents, journalists generally do not exercise self-censorship.
Chile's commercial press is concentrated in the hands of two media conglomerates, the El Mercurio group and Copesa. These organizations consolidated their positions during the Pinochet dictatorship, and continue to receive government subsidies estimated at $5 million annually. Media groups are tied to financial and advertising interests, and control distribution channels throughout the country, creating high barriers to entry for new publications. The editorial positions of both publications are considered center-right to right-wing in orientation. In radio, the Spanish group Prisa owns 60 percent of open-air broadcast stations and commercial radio owners work with government prosecutors to shut down alternative and community stations, which find it difficult to obtain licenses or finance production. Kimche, a Mapuche radio station, may be forced to close for its "interception of telecommunications" as a result of a complaint filed by Gilberto Santana, a local councilor and owner of commercial station Radio Lanco.
There are no government restrictions on the internet, which was accessed by 54 percent of the population in 2011. In 2010, a net-neutrality law went into effect, and it forbids internet service providers from restricting or interfering with content or access to content by users.


text:
Forms Jobs
Amenities and Seating
- Seats approx. 100
-(4) 8-ft. tables
- 1 largegrill
-Overhead lighting
- Restroom
- 4 electrical outlets
- playground,softball field and basketball court in park
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text:
Global Sai Santoku Knife
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- Summary
Legendary industrial designer Komin Yamada brings a new age of innovation to Global cutlery with Sai—individually hand-hammered knives with one-of-a-kind character. Unifying function and design, this distinctive Japanese santoku combines an ergonomic handle with a triple-layered steel blade that combines characteristics of a Western chef's knife and a cleaver.
- Great for everything from chopping herbs to slicing and dicing meats and veggies, this knife's razor-sharp blade makes it the tool of choice for precisely cutting thin, delicate slices of sashimi.
- The first new cutlery line produced by Global in more than 30 years, Sai blends the Japanese company's tradition of craftsmanship with modern technological advancements.
- Designer Komin Yamada pairs user-friendly organic designs with individually hand-hammered blades that make each knife unique.
- The knives combine three layers of steel: a core of patented, ultra-hard Cromova 18 Sanso stainless-steel alloy and two outer layers of more flexible 18/8 steel for added strength and resistance to rust.
- Professional-quality blades are ice-hardened and tempered to increase hardness, resist corrosion and maintain long-lasting sharpness.
- Each blade is hand-hammered to create hollow air pockets that reduce drag, allowing the blade to glide through food without sticking.
- 12.5-degree blade edge is mirror-polished by hand for exceptionally long-lasting sharpness.
- The perfectly balanced handle has an ergonomic thumb rest for a smooth, efficient cutting motion and steady, comfortable grip.
- Iconic dots on the knife's hollow handle represent seven traditional Japanese virtues from the Samurai code of honor.
- Made in Japan.
- Dimensions & More Info
- 5" Santoku: 5 1/4"-long blade; 5"-long handle; 5.5 oz.
- 7 1/2" Santoku: 7 1/2"-long blade; 6"-long handle; 9oz.
- Use & Care
- Always use caution when handling sharp objects.
- Avoid cutting on hard surfaces such as stone, metal or glass.
- It is not advisable to use any knife but a meat cleaver to cut through bone or frozen food, as the blade can be easily damaged.
- Hand-wash with warm water and a mild detergent. Rinse and dry immediately.
- Use the honing steel only when you feel the knife has lost some of its original sharpness, usually no sooner than six months after its first use. As you continue to use your Global knife, it will require more frequent honing. If you need to hone your knife more than once every two weeks, it is time to have it sharpened.
- Sharpen your knife at home using a whetstone or knife sharpener, or have it sharpened by a professional.
- Store knife in a safe place to protect its edge and prevent injury.
- Shipping
Shipping Information
UPS can deliver most in-stock items within 3–5 business days. UPS is unable to deliver to P.O. boxes.
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For an additional charge of $26 per address, we can expedite delivery to most destinations. This service is not available for some oversize items, items shipped directly from the supplier (including perishable and custom-manufactured items), out-of-stock items and items to be shipped outside the contiguous 48 states.
Orders received by 9:00 p.m. ET Monday through Thursday will arrive the next business day; orders placed Friday through Sunday will arrive on the following Tuesday.
Return Policy
At Williams Sonoma, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. Attention to design, materials, safety and construction are our priority. Upon receipt, please inspect your purchase and notify us of any damage; we will arrange for a prompt replacement.
If within 30 days, you are dissatisfied for any reason, you may return your purchase for a refund of the merchandise value. An original receipt or gift receipt is required for all returns and exchanges. Returns with a gift receipt will be refunded in the form of a Merchandise Credit for the amount indicated on the gift receipt. Returns with original receipt will be refunded in the original form of payment, cash and check refunds over $100 will be issued as a company check (may take 14 business days from time of request).
For all cutlery returns (knife sets, single knives, cutting boards, knife sharpeners and knife storage), please contact us at 888.922.4108 to initiate the return.
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Rated 5 out of 5 by newkitchen from new favorite knife this knife is such an amazing addition to my kitchen - my only regret is not getting both sizes! so easy to clean and so sharp!Date published: 2017-02-14Rated 5 out of 5 by KnifeLover75 from Global has done it again! Bought the new range of Global SAI knives - A chef's and a Santoku. I didn't even realise that Global came up with this new range. I used it for the first time last night and OMG, it is the best knives you can have for this price range and probably the only knives you will need, unless you like chopping bones, then go for a meat cleaver. But let's get back to the knives, they have more heft to the original Global range but they are also more balanced. The ergo handles are a great addition / innovation plus the hand hammered dimples gives it a strong functional character. I guess I won't be using my other Global knives anymore. This range IMHO is better than the Shun premier range as it fuses modern minimalism with ancient knife-making tradition. Well done Global!Date published: 2015-01-06Rated 5 out of 5 by sfdeb from Fabulous Santoku! I have a Global forged chef's knife GF33 which I love but at 8 1/2" I find it a bit too large for every day use so I wanted to try a Santoku. I decided to branch out and purchased a Shun and have never been satisfied with it. It didn't fit my hand well and never sharpened up as nicely as my Globals. I saw this Global Sai on sale and decided to spurge and replace the Shun and wow and I glad I did. It has quickly become my go-to knife. I have used it every day since I receive it and absolutely love it. It is sharp, well balanced and fits nicely in my large hands. I would highly recommend this knife to anyone especially women with larger hands.Date published: 2014-11-30Rated 5 out of 5 by Aarya from One of my fav Absolutely in love with Global Sai. Can't hate any knife that Global makes.Date published: 2013-08-03


text: Family Storytime 09-04-2019 4:00 PM - 4:45 PM Gilmer County Library Phone:706-635-4528 Address: 268 Calvin Jackson Drive, Ellijay, GA 30540 Twitter Facebook Google+ [{"latlong":["34.685263"," -84.50561499999998"],"location":"268 Calvin Jackson Drive, Ellijay, GA 30540","zoom":16,"infow":"268 Calvin Jackson Drive, Ellijay, GA 30540<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t <\/label>\n\t\t\t\t 09-04-2019 <\/span> 4:00 PM - 4:45 PM <\/span>\n\t\t\t <\/div>","google_map_url":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/place\/268+Calvin+Jackson+Drive%2C+Ellijay%2C+GA+30540\/@34.685263,%20-84.50561499999998"}] Family storytimes are designed for families with children of all ages. Storytime is followed by a craft activity. Children must be accompanied by an adult.


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A few years ago, people were focusing on the lack of human genetic diversity. At the level of individual DNA bases, any two humans were well over 99 percent identical. With the completion of the human genome, however, researchers have been able to detect differences in the structure of the chromosomes themselves, including deletions, extra material, and other changes. An early access publication in Science describes the most detailed search yet for these changes.
The study used a clever method of getting increased size resolution while allowing the detection of a greater variety of changes compared to prior work. The researchers fragmented human chromosomes in a way that all the fragments should be close to a single, average size (3kb, in this case). The ends of these fragments were sequenced, and the sequenced matched with the existing human genome. If the two matches weren't 3kb apart, the researchers knew that there was some sort of difference. Using this method allowed them to identify hundreds of chromosomal changes with an average difference of about 650 bases.
They performed the study using DNA from two individuals, and found that they had 761 and 887 structural variations (SVs) compared to the reference human genome. The subjects are of African and European origin, but half of these SVs were present in both of them, suggesting that some of them might be older than the human species itself. Most SVs were fairly small—a third were less than 5kb long—but about 17 percent appear likely to affect gene activity, as they eliminate coding regions and fuse or flip portions of a gene. Basic metabolic genes were rarely affected, with immune and olfactory proteins being the most commonly altered.
Overall, the researchers estimate that, combined, these structural differences change more DNA than all the single base changes combined. So, it turns out that the human population is probably over twice as diverse as originally expected, at least on the DNA level.
Science, 2007. DOI: 10.1126/science.1149504


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Hello folks, here is a pretty cute lesson on a poodle that I really enjoyed drawing last night. I actually don't know why I made this tut because I do have other lessons on poodles. I wanted to make a tutorial on "how to draw a toy poodle", but what I ended up with is a drawing that looks like a French poodle. Anyways, I can totally see this dog in a cartoon series as being the feisty pooch of the bunch. Poodles are known for being brats any way so I think you can assume the personality for this white, cotton looking dog. have fun nonetheless. As you can see in the title I went ahead and named the lesson a toy poodle. Peace out and enjoy folks.
DragoArt members upload artwork and drawing tutorials! They are also allowed to leave comments on tutorials, profiles, etc. Many more features, as well; it's way better than just being a boring guest! Register Now!


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An ancient Greek Proverb reads, "A society grows when old men plant trees whose shade they know they will never sit under".
You don't have to be an old man like the Greek Proverb suggests to make a difference, anyone can and it starts with something small like a sapling. Because of people like you who are ready to help the environment and make smart purchasing decisions that benefit the larger, global society we created the "One Tree. One Hope" initiative.
Each time a customer makes a purchase through Gooddegg a fruit tree is planted. The tree is planted at no additional cost to the customer and is gifted to a family in Bangladesh - a country at high-risk for deforestation and poverty.
Each fruit tree provides a family with increased nutrition and income, while also combating the effects of deforestation.
Be the Good Egg we know you are and make your purchase through Gooddegg.


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You will find a listing of volunteer opportunities in the church that are available for online sign ups.
You must have an e-mail address and a phone number to sign up online. Sign-up and reminder e-mails will be sent.
Thank you!
Greeter-Usher Duties for the Acolytes and Bell Ringers
Usher-greeter responsibilities
Fellowship host responsibilities
Sign Up
You are signing up for... Start Time: 9:45 am
Acolyte on January 26, 2020
End Time: 10:15 am


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Press Releases
Dr. Robert Rey, Star of E! Entertainment's 'Dr. 90210,' Debuts in Carl's Jr. Commercial
Apr 28, 2006
Spot Promotes Bigger, Better Bacon Swiss Crispy Chicken Sandwich™
CARPINTERIA, Calif., – April 28, 2006 – Carl's Jr. believes that when it comes to chicken breasts, bigger is better. For Carl's Jr. customers, bigger breasts can now be found on the larger, improved Bacon Swiss Crispy Chicken Sandwich™, available in restaurants system wide. Fans of Dr. Robert Rey, and E! Entertainment Television's plastic surgery reality show Dr. 90210, will appreciate the tongue-in-cheek humor his presence lends to a new commercial created to promote the product improvement, as he assures his unexpected patient that in this case "Bigger is better."
The new commercial will premiere May 1 to promote the improvement in size of the long-standing menu favorite Bacon Swiss Crispy Chicken Sandwich. In the 30-second spot, the world-renowned plastic surgeon will appear, in his typical enthusiastic manner, to be addressing a patient during a consultation for a breast augmentation. As the upbeat Dr. Rey offers reassurance that in this case going "bigger is better," the camera reveals the doctor's unusual patient is, in fact, a chicken.
"Carl's Jr. is known for fresh advertising that promotes a hip lifestyle, and they focus on providing their customers with quality products and service, too," said Dr. Rey. "Quality is a key part of my business, as well, so being involved with the brand made sense for me. Plus, my daughter is a big fan of Carl's Jr. so she was anxious to have me appear in one of their commercials."
Starting Monday, the spot can be viewed online in the Now on TV section of www.carlsjr.com. The new commercial carries on a decade-long strategy at Carl's Jr. to utilize innovative advertising intended to appeal to young, hungry guys. The ad was created by Los Angeles-based advertising agency, Mendelsohn|Zien, also the masterminds of many iconic Carl's Jr. ads including last year's Paris Hilton commercial, "That's Hot," and the memorable, "If it doesn't get all over the place, it doesn't belong in your face" campaign from the 1990's.
"Dr. Rey was the perfect choice to help us communicate that our chicken breasts are now 25 percent bigger," said Brad Haley, executive vice president of marketing for Carl's Jr. "The ad is very funny and is sort of an edgier, updated 'Charlie the Tuna' type of spot since only chickens with naturally larger breasts can make it into a Carl's Jr. chicken sandwich. But we didn't just make them bigger," Haley added, "we made them better-tasting by using a more highly seasoned breading."
Carl's Jr. is committed to offering customers quality menu options such as the sit-down restaurant style Six Dollar Burger(TM), which features 100 percent Angus beef. The reintroduction of the Bacon Swiss Crispy Chicken Sandwich boasts a breaded chicken breast that is 25 percent larger than its predecessor and larger than those found at every other major quick-service chain -- other than sister brand Hardee's. The larger, improved chicken fillet is topped with creamy ranch dressing, two crispy strips of bacon, Swiss cheese, tomato and lettuce, all on a sesame seed bun. The sandwich sells for $4.19 alone or for $5.99 as part of a combo, although pricing varies regionally.
Carl's Jr. is a wholly owned subsidiary of CKE Restaurants, Inc. (NYSE: CKR) of Carpinteria, Calif. As of the fiscal year ended Jan. 30, 2006, CKE Restaurants, Inc., through its subsidiaries, had a total of 3,160 franchised or company-owned restaurants in 43 states and in 13 countries, including 1,049 Carl's Jr. restaurants, 1,993 Hardee's® restaurants and 102 La Salsa Fresh Mexican Grill® restaurants. For more information, or to find a Carl's Jr. near you, go to www.ckr.com or www.carlsjr.com.


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Broomfield, CO - July 23, 2013
Webroot, a leader in cloud-based security intelligence solutions, announced a technology partnership with RSA, The Security Division of EMC (NYSE: EMC), to provide additional real-time phishing detection to RSA FraudActionSM Anti-Phishing Service. The combination of Webroot's Real-Time Anti-Phishing Service with RSA's industry-leading phishing solutions are engineered to allow enhanced analysis of suspected phishing sites and faster detection of attacks while helping to reduce false positives and delivering even more accurate results to customers.
Phishing is the most prevalent Web-borne attack, affecting 55% of companies, according to a recent Webroot Web security study and 2012 saw an increase of 59% in phishing attacks according to RSA's Online Fraud Report. By processing billions of URLs on a monthly basis, Webroot routinely discovers phishing sites ahead of other popular anti-phishing technologies and sources. This timing is critical given how quickly these criminal sites are taken down after they have been launched in order to avoid detection.
Click to tweet: Webroot and RSA deliver real-time phishing detection http://bit.ly/16X1oDP
"Combining Webroot's capabilities with RSA's automated phishing detection helps us more rapidly qualify suspected phishing sites and quickly determine which URL requires further investigation," said Avi Rosen, Director of Anti-Fraud Solutions at RSA. "Having additional real-time capabilities helps us to reduce the lifecycle of phishing attacks while helping to ensure our customers are receiving the most efficient and effective anti-phishing service available.".
The Real-Time Anti-Phishing Service from Webroot is based on advanced machine learning capabilities, which collects and processes hundreds of attributes of a web site in real-time in order to determine its threat profile. The cloud-based "big data" solution is also extremely scalable to handle increased workloads and has the added benefit of getting "smarter" and more accurate as more and more data is processed through the system.
"Teaming up with an industry leader like RSA demonstrates the value of our URL classification and reputation solutions to helping solve today's challenging phishing attacks," said Jeff Santelices, Senior Vice President, Worldwide Field Operations at Webroot. "We provide an innovative cloud-based machine learning solution that automates what has traditionally been a manual process, ensuring that it takes mere seconds, instead of hours or days, to detect phishing attacks."
To learn how your organization can partner with Webroot, contact email@example.com or visit http://www.webroot.com/partners/technology-partners/real-time-antiphishing.


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Defenseman Kevin Shattenkirk scored the deciding goal in the sixth round of the shootout and the St. Louis Blues came back for a 4-3 win over the Chicago Blackhawks on Thursday night.
With the tiebreaker knotted 3-3, Shattenkirk beat Corey Crawford with a wrist shot high on the goalie's left side.
Chris Stewart, Andy McDonald and Alexander Steen also connected in the shootout as the Blues bounced back from a 2-1 deficit after two periods and ended a seven game (0-3-4) losing streak in Chicago dating to Feb. 3, 2010. The league-leading Blackhawks lost for only the third time this season (20-1-2) when leading after 40 minutes.
St. Louis' Adam Cracknell scored his first two goals of the season and David Backes added a goal early in the third period, ending a 14-game drought without scoring.
Chicago's Viktor Stalberg swept in a rebound of Michal Rozsival's shot with 4:31 left in regulation to tie the game at 3, force overtime and snap a personal streak of 14 games without a goal.
Chicago's Jonathan Toews scored his 18th goal early in the second period, then set up rookie Brandon Saad's goal 2:27 later to give the Blackhawks a 2-1 lead they carried into the third period.
Toews, Patrick Kane and Marian Hossa connected for the Blackhawks in the shootout.
The Blues' Brian Elliott made 33 saves through overtime in his first start and second game since returning from a two-game conditioning stint in the minors.
Crawford stopped 19 shots through overtime in his third straight start.
Cracknell was recalled on Tuesday from Peoria of the AHL, and played in only his ninth game this season. He entered the contest with four goals and six assists in 34 career NHL games.
Elliott had a league-leading 1.56 goals-against average and a franchise record nine shutouts last season. But he entered Thursday's game with a 3.51 goals-against average, and 4-6-1 record.
He relieved Jaroslav Halak in the Blues' 4-1 victory at Minnesota on Monday, and stopped 19 of 20 shots to pick up his first win since Jan. 31. Halak left that game with a groin injury and is out indefinitely.
Hossa, one of the Blackhawks' top forwards, returned after missing six games with an upper-body injury. Forward Patrick Sharp, who led Chicago with 33 goals last season, sat out his 12th game with an injured shoulder.
Defenseman Jay Bouwmeester played his first game with the Blues after being acquired in a trade from Calgary on Monday. The Blues are in a tight race in the Western Conference to make the playoffs after posting 109 points last year.
Cracknell scored with 3:57 left in a tightly played first period.
His drive from 40 feet out in the slot ticked off the stick of Chicago defenseman Brent Seabrook, fooled Crawford and landed in the upper right-hand corner of the net.
Toews fought off two St. Louis defenders to tie it on a rebound at 3:18 of the second, just 19 seconds after Chicago had killed a penalty.
Seabrook pinched in and fired from the left circle after taking a cross-ice pass from Kane. Elliott stopped that attempt, but Toews outmuscled Bouwmeester and Alex Pietrangelo to pop in the loose puck.
Toews set up Saad's goal that made it 2-1 just 2:27 later.
After the Blues' Alexander Steen couldn't handle the puck on the right boards, Toews knocked it into corner and made a pinpoint pass across the slot to Saad at the low edge of the left circle. Saad was left uncovered and one-timed in his eighth goal.
Cracknell scored his second goal on a breakaway 3:30 into the third to tie it at 2.
After taking a pass from Shattenkirk, Cracknell sped past Chicago defensemen Duncan Keith and Rozsival and down the slot alone. He faked Crawford to the ice, then tucked a low shot between Crawford's outstretched left skate and the right post.
Backes scored his first goal since March 1, putting the Blues up 3-2 3:36 later after he was left open at the edge of the crease and backhanded in a rebound Bouwmeester's shot from the point.
Stalberg's first goal since March 1 sent it to overtime.
Crawford stopped Steen in close 2:04 into overtime, then the Blackhawks dominated for the next two minutes.
The Blues Andy McDonald had a partial breakaway, but was angled out by Keith and stopped by Crawford with 12 seconds left in overtime.


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Impact of Humans
Think about the impact humans have had on wildlife. Before any humans occupied the North American continent, the laws of nature controlled wild animals. Humans changed that by taking the land to use for our own purposes. When we build houses, shopping centers, or offices (a process called urbanization), we change the carrying capacity of the land. When we farm, ranch, mine, log, or build roads we also change the carrying capacity. When we change the carrying capacity, we affect the number and types of wildlife than can live on that land. Hunting, too, has an effect on wildlife populations.
Of course, not all human activity is necessarily bad for wildlife. As we have seen, we've learned how to manage some wildlife populations successfully so that these animals can live side by side with humans—as long as humans are willing to follow the principles of conservation.
Conservation is the responsible care and management of wildlife. It means that we think about the possible effects of our actions on wildlife and that we act in such a way that animal populations are able to grow and sustain themselves.
Most hunters are conservationists. They understand their role as not only top "predator," but also as the only predator that can intentionally help their prey through conservation efforts. Hunters contribute time and money to projects that benefit wildlife and wildlife habitat. They join wildlife conservation organizations. When they hunt they obey laws and regulations.


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Releases > H.8 Assets and Liabilities of Commercial Banks in the United States > Release Tables > Assets and Liabilities of Domestically Chartered Commercial Banks in the United States > Weekly
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ESA test opens way to UK spaceplane engine investment
The UK government has announced plans to invest in the development of an air-breathing rocket engine – intended for a single-stage-to-orbit spaceplane – following the ESA-managed feasibility testing of essential technology.
The £60 million investment, provided through the UK Space Agency, will back technical improvements leading to construction of a prototype Synergistic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine, or SABRE.
Designed by UK company Reaction Engines Ltd, this unique engine will use atmospheric air in the early part of the flight before switching to rocket mode for the final ascent to orbit.
The concept paves the way for true spaceplanes – lighter, reusable and able to fly from conventional runways.
Reaction Engines plans for SABRE to power a 84 m-long pilotless vehicle called Skylon, which would do the same job as today's rockets while operating like an aeroplane, potentially revolutionising access to space.
The investment decision followed the success of ESA-managed tests of a key element of the SABRE design, a precooler to chill the hot air entering the engine at hypersonic speed, in Reaction Engines' Oxfordshire headquarters back in November 2012.
"Ambient air comes in and is cooled down to below freezing in a fraction of a second," explained Mark Ford, head of ESA's propulsion section. "These types of heat exchangers exist in the real world but they're the size of a factory.
"The key part of this is that Reaction Engines has produced something sufficiently light and compact that it can be flown.
"The idea behind the engine is that the vehicle flies to about Mach 5 in the lower atmosphere using airbreathing before it switches internal liquid oxygen for the rest of its flight to orbit.
"At that speed, the air is coming in extremely fast. You need to slow it down in order to burn it in the engine, and doing so will raise the temperature of the air to about a thousand degrees, which can exceed engine material temperature limits.
"Hence the concept of the precooler is to cool the air down to a temperature that is then usable by the engine.
The idea has been around since the 1950s but this is the first time anyone has managed to achieve a working system. Nobody else has this technology, so Europe has a real technological lead here."
Last year's testing stemmed from a research project jointly funded by ESA and Reaction Engines to examine key technologies. The project spanned the Agency's Basic Technology Research Programme, which supports promising new ideas, the follow-on General Support Technology Programme for maturing the resulting technologies as well as the Agency's Special Initiative.
"In parallel, we play a technical consultancy role on behalf of the UK Space Agency, advising on the feasibility of Reaction Engines' technology, designs and future plans," Mark added.
The next four years will see progress made on the SABRE's technical design, including improvements to the lightweight heat exchanger and manufacturing.
The significant part of the programme – supported by further commercial investment – will be the construction and ground testing of a complete prototype SABRE engine.
"Having first shown the feasibility of key bits of technology like the nozzles and precoolers, producing an engine to demonstrate a complete cycle will show SABRE can meet its desired performance," Mark explained.
"There's a long way to go, and it's a big engineering programme – an entire Skylon vehicle development would cost billions of euros. But the success so far puts Europe in a good position for any future international collaboration. We have something here that is really unique."
ESA will continue its current role on the new project. The Agency first made contact with Reaction Engines while working on the European Commission-funded LAPCAT project, looking into a derivative SABRE engine design called Scimitar to propel an aircraft halfway around the world in 4.6 hours.


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Trauma Counselling Team to Depart for CongoLoss of livelihood, privacy, dignity and loss of hope confront a nation who lost more than 500 lives in the 4 March explosion that wounded more than 2000 people necessitating several amputations and emergency medical care, destroyed 5000 homes, a school, church, police station and significantly, caused severe emotional and psychological trauma. More than 20 tons of live unexploded ordinances have been recovered in Impila, a suburb of Brazzaville, where the initial disaster occurred and now poses a severe threat to residents returning against the advice of the government and explosive experts. Thousands living in refugee camps, inadequate sanitation, lack of pure drinking water and above all a lack of family structure and intimacy has resulted in grief, bereavement and a host of psycho-social issues that requires specialised intervention for a highly traumatised population.
Having successfully delivered six plane loads of emergency humanitarian and medical relief items in association with the Department of International Relations, Gift of the Givers have now been requested by private NGO's in Brazzaville to send in a team of trauma counsellors that will partner the local university, interact with psychologists, social workers, masters students, lay counsellors and the affected population where skills transfer, counselling and courses on various techniques will be imparted to the Congolese people. Congolese individuals involved in the great trauma previously experienced in Congo, university lecturers, pastors and specialist trainers comprise the 10-member team that leaves on Sunday. The team will be hosted by a highly efficient NGO founded by the son of the Congolese President and has already partnered us on our two previous missions to Congo within the last 7 weeks.