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14 December 2013, Bangkok – The Thai Public Broadcasting Service (Thai PBS) and IUCN collaborated to raise public awareness on climate change through the Climate Change Animation competition. After months of campaigning and university tours nationwide, 92 teams of university students submitted four-minute animations to the competition.
The story portrays a family of five characters: father, mother, brother, sister and an orange bird (Thai PBS logo). Each team was asked to develop their story, as they saw fit, around climate change issues. The selection criteria included creativity, meaningful content, animation techniques and story telling techniques.
The judging panel selected the ten best teams to join an intensive workshop and study trip to the Building Coastal Resilience (BCR) project site, which is administered by the Sustainable Development Foundation. The students gained first hand experience and knowledge about how climate change impacts coastal communities in Thailand and learned how the locals are adapting themselves to live in this changing climate. Based upon this experience and feedback comments from the judging panel, all ten teams further developed their animated story before submitting the work in the final round.
The winner of the final round for 2013 is the Tiam Kan Maa team from Christian University, and the first and second runners up are the Kang Lang Pud and White Wind teams respectively, both from Sri Pathum University. The popular vote award was awarded to The Beater team, also from Sri Pathum University. The winners received trophies and cash to support their education from Thai PBS, while IUCN will sponsor a further study trip for the winners to visit the BCR project sites in Cambodia.
The winning animations will broadcasted via the Thai PBS channel, as well as IUCN communications channels. Currently this broadcast is only available in Thai, however an English version will be developed for the use in other countries.
IUCN and Thai PBS signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) during the IUCN World Conservation Congress in 2013. The MOU supports cooperation to raise public awareness on environmental issues, especially climate change, building media capacity for environmental reporting, sharing information and joint production of a TV programme. Since signing the MOU various activities have been implemented together, including:
- Thai PBS participated in the IUCN world Conservation Congress in 2012 in South Korea and produced reports for Thai audiences.
- Media workshops on climate change were organized by IUCN for Thai PBS reporters, producers, media trainers and media researchers. The workshops were held in Thailand and Cambodia in 2013.
- Creative writing workshops were conducted in Cambodia and Viet Nam in 2013 – Thai PBS provided media trainers to train IUCN staff in these countries on creative writing and story telling.
- The Mekong Media Arts Competition 2013 was held nationwide and led by Thai PBS, with support from IUCN and other partner organisations. Aims of the competition included raising public awareness of Mekong river conservation issues.
- Thai PBS participated in, shared experiences of, and reported on the BCR Coastal Forum in 2012 and 2013.
- Thai PBS broadcasted the MEKONG film produced by Douglas Varchol with support from IUCN, CPWF and SIDA.
In 2014, the two agencies will implement more joint activities in order to underline the importance of nature conservation and strengthen environmental communications in Thailand and Southeast Asian countries.
By Dararat Weerapong


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Latest Updates 02/23/2010
Check out our Ashton Press Ebay Store and Amazon Storefront
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Alias Smith & Jones Fan Fiction Archive – Gen stories written by a number of different writers, all archived in one handy-dandy place for fans of this wonderful Western series. There is also an Alias Smith & Jones Adult Fan Fiction Archive! Since I had to upload so much of these sites again anyway, I completed the move off of AOL and all of the stories we host are now on our own server. I also updated some author's email addresses. I have some story updates to make and hopefully those will be done shortly.
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Fan Fiction Recommendations — This page lists some of our favorite Highlander writers to be found on the internet. It is not a review site. If you don't want to read critical reviews (which might be good or bad) but simply want recommendations, this is the place for you. It's also a nifty place to find links to some of the best Highlander writers around (in our opinion, of course). The recommendations are not limited to writers of Cassandra stories. (If you do want to read reviews, check out our Reviews at Donan Woods.) We've expanded this site to include recommendations of writing in other fandoms besides Highlander, including Buffy The Vampire Slayer, X-Files and Blakes 7. We also added some new Highlander recommendations!
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Highlander Holy Ground Forum Mid-Week Challenges — The Mid-Week Challenge archive has been heavily updated up through November, 2002. The Christmas entries from last year are also at the Holiday Fan Fiction site. I'll get caught up eventually!
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Photos — Latest conventions added (complete with artwork, photos and con reports): TulsaTrek and Vulkon SciFi (see banners at top). Coming soon: Burbank and Gatecon 2004, as well as others! You'll find lots of links to our various photo sites here.
Shamelessly Shanks — A site with pretty pictures of Michael Shanks (and a few of James Spader on the way, too!). Unashamedly shallow drooling material. Screen caps from Andromeda, All Around the Town, The Test, Twilight Zone and Door to Door with more on the way.
Submission Guidelines — If you are interested in submitting stories or artwork to some of the upcoming fanzines, click here to view our submission guidelines. We also host a small bit of fiction by other authors on our Donan Woods website, on our Ashton Press fan fiction site and lots and lots of authors at our Holiday Fan Fiction site, our Mid-Week Challenge site and our Alias Smith & Jones archive. We're looking forward to hearing from you!
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subset: commoncrawl


text: I love the new Microsoft ads, from Seinfeld to the I'm a PC montage, but I'm no expert. Vanity Fair asked 7 Advertising pros to comment on Microsoft's campaign. They put answers in cute little old fashioned Windows error prompts. One thought: There are lots of CEOs here, but I'd prefer to see more creative director share their thoughts. [Vanity Fair]


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April 13, 2011 -- An experimental epilepsy drug may help reduce seizures in as many as one-third of people with epilepsy who either don't tolerate or don't respond adequately to existing seizure drugs.
The finding is slated to be presented at the 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology in Honolulu.
The new drug, perampanel, works by blocking chemical receptors in the brain that may play a role in epilepsy. The new study was supported by perampanel manufacturer Eisai Inc.
Of 387 people with uncontrolled epilepsy who were taking one to three other seizure drugs, those who took 8 or 12 milligrams of the new agent for 19 weeks along with their regular treatment showed a greater reduction in seizures, compared with those who received a placebo pill in addition to their regular treatment.
Those who took the 12-milligram dose of perampanel had a 14% reduction in seizures in a 28-day period compared to those who took placebo. Those who took the 8-milligram dose of the new drug reduced their seizure frequency by nearly 6% compared to those who took the placebo.
Perampanel side effects included dizziness, drowsiness, irritability, headache, falls, and ataxia (lack of muscle coordination).
The company plans to submit the drug for FDA approval this year. "If this drug is approved by the FDA, it will be another tool in our arsenal for combating or reducing seizures in people with difficult-to-treat epilepsy," says study researcher Jacqueline French, MD, a neurologist at New York University in New York City, in a news release.
Hard-to-Treat Epilepsy
This drug may prove to be a valuable addition for people with hard-to-treat epilepsy, says Steven Pacia, MD, chief of neurology at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City.
"If we can demonstrate efficacy, safety, and tolerability, it's worthwhile to have another drug that works in difficult patients with difficult seizures," he says.
"This will be the first group of people it is used on, if approved," Pacia says. "If it has a broader role, we will find out after that when it has been used by more people for longer periods of time."
"While the reduction in seizures seen in the new study was small percentage-wise, it can mean the difference of having a seizure that causes falling and one that doesn't, and that can be a big difference," he says.
This study was presented at a medical conference. The findings should be considered preliminary as they have not yet undergone the "peer review" process, in which outside experts scrutinize the data prior to publication in a medical journal.


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Some of our first reports of solid action on Makaira reels came from PV. And one year later, testimony to Makaira performance continues to pour in.
Captain Manny Orcaranza owns and operates El Matador Sportfishing. As a Captain, Manny's star is on a fast rise as one of the top "young guns" in the business. El Matador Sportfishing focuses on the big fish opportunities offered by locations El Banco and Corbetania. With solid availability of large yellowfin tuna, along with blue and black marlin, El Matador's fishing grounds also make exceptional proving grounds for equipment of all kinds, and for the last six months Captain Manny has been putting Makaira MK-15IIs, MK-20II's and more recently MK-30II SE's (gunmetal gray, open top 30 wides) through their paces, knocking back quantities of tuna from 50- to over 200-pounds along with plenty of billfish.
Catching up with Captain Manny, here's the quick rundown of his applications for each size Makaira he uses. Makaira Mk-15II's are the everyday reels of the fishery. Very few lures are ever trolled on El Matador. The preferred method is drifting live bait (goggle eyes) amongst the porpoise schools. For yellowfin from 50- to 200-pounds the MK-15II is the preferred model for its' combination of fantastic drag, light weight and necessary line capacity.
The MK-20II comes into play when the tuna are obviously on the larger end of the scale, 150- to 200+-pounds, and as the everyday reel for baiting blue and black marlin. In Captain Manny's own words, "I've never had a reel that is as smooth. Such a smooth reel… the drag… fighting fish. Two hour fights on tuna and it remains smooth."
The MK-30II SE's are relatively new additions to El Matadors arsenal. "I'll use them for trolling live skipjack for 200- to 300-pound tuna and marlin." The 30-wides are also the reel of choice for kite presentations.
"I personally think they are the greatest reels I've used," finished Captain Manny.
The fishery in Puerto Vallarta continues to be one of the most convenient and accessible land-based opportunities for yellowfin of exceptional size. Interested? Look up Captain Manny Orcaranza and El Matador Sportfishing's custom, air conditioned 35' Cabo at: www.elmatadorsportfishing.com


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Opinion: Peggy Noonan: On American Exceptionalism
Declarations columnist Peggy Noonan on Russian President Vladimir Putin's New York Times op-ed and why American exceptionalism still matters. Photo: Getty Images
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
I ... I'd I got an e mail with a ... twist a president who had to say that to be on the dinner ... and I was one of the bombing ... the the reality is I wary when ... someone who came up to the KGB ... and tells us what is in or national interest in what is not ... welcome to Opinion Journal why Mary Kissel that was Democratic Senator ... Bob Menendez on President Putin's out that in the New York Times ... Republican Senator John McCain also weighed in ... saying this on Twitter and I quote ... was near Times op ed is an insult to the intelligence ... of every American ... including this one ... declarations columnist Peggy Noonan joins now ... to come in on president couldn't and is this this attack on American exceptionalism Peggy welcome ... aam ... was that line so upsetting what is about this concept of American exceptionalism is so important to us is the people ... what was surprising that looking through it in the and ... the number of ... Americans saying you believe investing which ... he used Ghandi said the convent and soloing couplet is wonderfully ... um ... it's month ... end and the wonderfully patronizing ... on the app ... and it occurred to me ... after eventually it occurred to me this morning ... in my column I asked why would he do this why when you're trying to win people over when to take a somewhat aggressive tone like this after all ... he's kind of on top of that now he's winning ... of with regard to ... Obama and the Syrian mess so why would he be gracious above the Dolan you know fake thoughtful ... um I think the answer which I didn't ... realize this morning I think I realized it ... is that ... who was not talking to America ... in the famous up and peace ... he was talking in American media ... continue ... to boom while ... Annie was sorta welcome Americans the year twenty oh two when chairman Sheila dumping on that because of what what makes you think that who in ... housing and to be gracious and forthcoming any ... has experienced talking with this president ... that ... the more he pushes the more aggressive in ... Sydney can be yours ... or he gets out of present Obama well ... I think that's true but that is in the womb ... he's breaking here he's sort of breath ... waiting for everybody to see supposedly he's trying to impress people with his viewpoints and after all ... that's what PR Firm surf ... the candidate to help you get the the the the the not this up and it's a great PR to husband ... and I you know I'm not sure that's correct it is true that everybody's talking about it ... long-term however other strategies wouldn't serve him better he didn't make a great impression with a lot of people who were hoping he would make a great impression on them ... so I want this long-term place is long-term II eat you how to align in your lawn pros that I wanted to put on the screen ... about President Obama ... ay ay ay ay in this amount higher than the scenes American exceptionalism a new pro quo ... it's hard to believe such a chill man has such warm feelings about the sand and strangers faraway ... serve talking about how Obama relates to ... other people ... when he talks about American exceptionalism is that why it's so hard to believe that he believes in that's ... because he doesn't ... own models you don't feel like the rodeo noting is overrated patient an oh oh oh no ... they should use logic and reason and argument ... aam ... and that it was the problems I think that that that the president has had been selling Syria say in the past week maybe not before that but in the past week ... but his argument rests on how ... morally indignant he he is and that can bring full really dreadful use ... of WMD ... um I in ... in Syria ... and ... and we all understand much ... but the more he says that lately the more you think ... know your policy is based ... on the political fix the war in ... it is not ... only would you say it is also the fakes here and then you arguably got yourself an ... Sotome undercuts I think the power of the president's message ... on American exceptionalism I I think he made it clear once was that in ... twenty twelve when you lose ... I think that the two thousand and eight when his first running for Prez and he was asked when you think of American exceptionalism he said I believe but ... Justice the Greeks believe in Creek exceptionalism and the French the lead over and check that's left is there any whiny need it or I'll accept my American exceptionalism actually has some real meaning has to do ... with our our agendas and as a nation and our founding ... when we're not ... you did as of the nation's war ... with warring tribes buying pushing each other ... on and together coalescing and ... dividing the land base and consolidating their power that was not what we work ... with people from ... all over the world gathered in this place ... and you ... came to revolt against leaders we felt were unjustly didn't very briefly we did it intellectually we did get based on Greek Western thinking and didn't like it but thought ... it was something new in history something you in here talking about the rights and that we weren't want to give each other in Hantuchova the head with a ... book club but have absolutely no I mean he is a little jealous that ... maybe isn't written jamming ... maybe he


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2 x Vintage Mid Century Cocktail Lounge Chairs New Black & Orange Upholstery
Pair of amazing Mid century lounge/cocktail chairs circa mid 1960s in fully restored condition with satin black legs and fresh black and orange velvet upholstery. Words don't do these justice!
Mid Century furniture is becoming more and more collectible nowadays as its design is absolutely timeless and will fit in well with most interior schemes, whether ultra contemporary or a more eclectic mix of furniture, and even the mainstream press are publishing articles about how pieces like this are becoming modern "antiques". For this reason Mid Century furniture can be a great investment for the future.
H 75cm W 47cm D 60cm Seat Height 39cm
NB: All measurements are approximate
We always have new stock so keep checking our shop for new listings
Viewing our items is possible by visiting our 1800 sq ft showroom/warehouse (by appointment only). Please contact us in advance if you wish to do so.
Shipping Details
Please contact us with your delivery postcode for a quote for shipping. We have a courier who is reasonably priced and can sometimes deliver within a few days, although it can take up to two weeks dependent on how busy he is. He is a one man delivery service so will need help to unload at the delivery address. Alternatively we are more than happy to deal with your own courier, although we cannot be held responsible for any damages once the item has left our premises. You are also more than welcome to collect the item if you wish.


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Boot debugging
The kernel provides for a convenient way to configure all sorts of advanced settings to enable you to quickly and conveniently boot into your existing system with varying levels of debugging output extended kernel parameters. It is very easy and useful to create several levels of debugging just by adding additional entries to your bootloader configuration. And if you ever have issues or problems down the road due to a power-failure or hardware failure, it can save you hours of trouble, and of course nothing can beat debugging output when it comes to learning about your system.
- 1 Useful Entries
- 2 Light Debug
- 3 Medium Debug
- 4 Heavy Debug
- 5 Extreme Debug
- 6 Insane Debug
- 7 Troubleshooting
- 8 See Also
- 9 External Links
Useful Entries
If you are interested in debugging, then you deserve some grub entries for powerusers, here are a few examples that you can add to your bootloader configuration (grub-legacy config
/boot/grub/menu.lst used as an example).
title Shutdown the Computer halt title Reboot the Computer reboot title Command Line commandline title Install GRUB to hd0 MBR root (hd0,0) setup (hd0) title Matrix color green/black light-green/green title Scan for /boot/grub/menu.lst find --set-root --ignore-floppies /boot/grub/menu.lst configfile /boot/grub/menu.lst title Scan for /boot/menu.lst find --set-root --ignore-floppies /menu.lst configfile /boot/menu.lst # http://www.vortex.prodigynet.co.uk/x86test/ title Run x86test (CPU Info) kernel /boot/x86test_zImage.bin #wget http://www.vortex.prodigynet.co.uk/x86test/x86test_zImage.bin # http://www.memtest.org/ title Run memtest86+ (Memory Testing) kernel /boot/memtest86+-4.20.bin
Light Debug
A quick way to see more verbose messages on your console is to boot up your bootloader entry after appending verbose to the kernel line. This simple word added to your kernel line turns on more logging thanks to the
/etc/rc.sysinit file, which at the top of the file runs:
if /bin/grep -q " verbose" /proc/cmdline; then /bin/dmesg -n 8; fi
Very simple way to get a bit more messages and debug output in your logs.
title Arch Linux DEBUG Light kernel /vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro rootwait verbose initrd /initramfs-linux.img
Medium Debug
This example
menu.lst entry turns on real logging that is set by the kernel and not in an init script. Adding the debug kernel parameter to your kernel line is recognized by a lot of linux internals and enables quite a bit of debugging compared to the default.
title Arch Linux DEBUG Medium kernel /vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro rootdelay=5 panic=10 debug initrd /initramfs-linux.img
Heavy Debug
An even more impressive kernel parameter is the ignore_loglevel, which causes the system to ignore any loglevel and keeps the internal loglevel at the maximum debugging level, basically rendering dmesg unable to lower the debug level.
title Arch Linux DEBUG Heavy kernel /vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro rootdelay=5 panic=10 debug ignore_loglevel initrd /initramfs-linux.img
Extreme Debug
If the "Heavy Debug" seemed like a lot of output, that's about 1/2 of the logging that occurs with this example. This does a couple things, it uses the earlyprintk parameter to setup your kernel for "early" "printing" of messages to your "vga" screen. The keep just lets it stay on the screen longer. This will let you see logs that normally are hidden due to the boot-up process.
This also changes the log buffer length to 10MB, and also instructs that any fatal signals be printed with print_fatal_signals. The last one, sched_debug, you can look up in the very excellent kernel documentation on kernel parameters.
title Arch Linux DEBUG Extreme kernel /vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro debug ignore_loglevel log_buf_len=10M print_fatal_signals=1 LOGLEVEL=8 earlyprintk=vga,keep sched_debug initrd /initramfs-linux.img
Insane Debug
The first few debugging examples showed some really nice kernel parameters to turn on really verbose debugging. This kind of debugging is absolutely critical if you want to max out your system or just learn more about what is going on behind the scenes. But there is a final trick that is my favorite, it is the ability to set both environment variables, and more importantly, module parameters at boot.
As an example, here is the boot line that I am using at the moment on an older Dell Desktop, just to illustrate module parameters and environment vars.
title Arch Linux X-256 kernel /vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro rootwait pause_on_oops=5 panic=60 i915.modeset=1 no_console_suspend ipv6.disable=1 TERM=xterm-256color quiet 5 initrd /initramfs-linux.img
Since it is low on both memory and CPU, I disable ipv6. I also turn on kernel modesetting for the i915 video card, set my terminal to be xterm-256color, and boot straight into X. This lets me use a very optimized arch-linux configuration, amazing how fast thanks to using slim as the login manager, ratpoison as my window manager, and terminal with tmux as my login shell, all from boot, as the pstree shows (plus Synergy!).
init,1 |-slim,3096 | |-X,3098 -nolisten tcp vt07 -auth /var/run/slim.auth | `-ratpoison,3107,askapache | |-terminal,5341 -x sh -c exec /usr/bin/tmux -2 -l -u -q attach -d -t tmux-askapache | | |-bash,11165 | | |-tmux,5345 -2 -l -u -q attach -d -t tmux-askapache | | `-{terminal},5346 | `-xscreensaver,3113 -no-splash |-synergyc,6121,galileo -f --name galileo-fire --restart 10.66.66.2:26666 | `-tmux,5348,askapache -2 -l -u -q attach -d -t tmux-askapache |-bash,5351 | `-ssh,9969 email@example.com `-bash,5868 `-vim,11149 -p sda1/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst
That kind of optimized system is only possible if you first can figure out your system, by debugging both the kernel as previously illustrated, debugging the init process, and most importantly, by debugging the modules enabled for your system's hardware/firmware/software. Debugging modules is challenging but worth the effort, and then you are able to do some truly insane debugging from grub like the following example, note that the actual grub entry is all on one line, but I split it into 4 lines so you could see it all. This basically turns on every module on this little Dell desktop to be at the absolute max debug level. There is so much logging when I boot this that the system grinds to a halt and is slower than a TI-89 calculator (See Improve Boot Performance).
title Arch Linux DEBUG INSANE kernel /vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro rootwait ignore_loglevel debug debug_locks_verbose=1 sched_debug initcall_debug mminit_loglevel=4 udev.log_priority=8 loglevel=8 earlyprintk=vga,keep log_buf_len=10M print_fatal_signals=1 apm.debug=Y i8042.debug=Y drm.debug=1 scsi_logging_level=1 usbserial.debug=Y option.debug=Y pl2303.debug=Y firewire_ohci.debug=1 hid.debug=1 pci_hotplug.debug=Y pci_hotplug.debug_acpi=Y shpchp.shpchp_debug=Y apic=debug show_lapic=all hpet=verbose lmb=debug pause_on_oops=5 panic=10 sysrq_always_enabled initrd /initramfs-linux.img
A couple key items from that grub entry are sysrq_always_enabled which forces on the sysrq magic, which really is a lifesaver when debugging at this level as your machine will freeze/stop-responding sometimes and it is nice to use sysrq to kill all tasks, change the loglevel, unmount all filesystems, or do a hard reboot. Another key parameter is the initcall_debug, which debugs the init process in excruciating detail. Very useful at times. The last parametery I find very useful is the udev.log_priority=8 to turn on udev logging.
Module Parameters
Here is a nice bash function to be run as root that will show a list of all the loaded modules and all of their parameters, including the current value of the parameter. It uses a mix of sysfs, procfs, and modinfo.
function aa_mod_parameters () { N=/dev/null; C=`tput op` O=$(echo -en "\n`tput setaf 2`>>> `tput op`"); for mod in $(cat /proc/modules|cut -d" " -f1); do md=/sys/module/$mod/parameters; [[ ! -d $md ]] && continue; m=$mod; d=`modinfo -d $m 2>$N | tr "\n" "\t"`; echo -en "$O$m$C"; [[ ${#d} -gt 0 ]] && echo -n " - $d"; echo; for mc in $(cd $md; echo *); do de=`modinfo -p $mod 2>$N | grep ^$mc 2>$N|sed "s/^$mc=//" 2>$N`; echo -en "\t$mc=`cat $md/$mc 2>$N`"; [[ ${#de} -gt 1 ]] && echo -en " - $de"; echo; done; done }
Here is some sample output.
# aa_mod_parameters
>>> soundcore - Core sound module preclaim_oss=0 - preclaim_oss: (int) >>> processor - ACPI Processor Driver ignore_ppc=-1 - ignore_ppc:If the frequency of your machine gets wronglylimited by BIOS, this should help (int) ignore_tpc=0 - ignore_tpc:Disable broken BIOS _TPC throttling support (int) latency_factor=2 - latency_factor: (uint) >>> usb_storage - USB Mass Storage driver for Linux delay_use=1 - delay_use:seconds to delay before using a new device (uint) option_zero_cd=1 - option_zero_cd:ZeroCD mode (1=Force Modem (default), 2=Allow CD-Rom (uint) quirks= - quirks:supplemental list of device IDs and their quirks (string) swi_tru_install=1 - swi_tru_install:TRU-Install mode (1=Full Logic (def), 2=Force CD-Rom, 3=Force Modem) (uint) >>> sr_mod - SCSI cdrom (sr) driver xa_test=0 - xa_test: (int) >>> uhci_hcd - USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver ignore_oc=N - ignore_oc:ignore hardware overcurrent indications (bool)
Break Into Init
For instance, If you add break=y to your kernel cmdline, init will pause early in the boot process (after loading modules) and launch an interactive sh shell which can be used for troubleshooting purposes. (Normal boot continues after logout.) This is very similar to the shell that shows up if your computer gets turned off before it is able to shutdown properly. But using this parameter lets you enter into this mode differently at will.
title Arch Linux Init Break kernel /vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro rootwait break=y initrd /initramfs-linux.img
Debugging init
This awesome parameter udev.log_priority=8 does the same thing as editing the file
/etc/udev/udev.conf except it executes earlier, turning on debugging output for udev. If you want to know your hardware, that is the key parameter right there. Another trick is if you change the
/etc/udev/udev.conf to be verbose, then you can make your initrd image include that file to turn on verbose udeb debugging by adding it to your
/etc/mkinitcpio.conf like:
FILES="/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf /etc/udev/udev.conf"
, which on arch is as easy as
# mkinitcpio -p linux
Debugging udev is key because the initrd performs a root change at the end of its run to usually launch a program like /sbin/init as part of a chroot, and unless the new file system has a valid /dev directory, udev must be initialized before invoking chroot in order to provide
exec chroot . /sbin/init <dev/console >dev/console 2>&1
So basically, you are not able to view the logs that are generated before /dev/console is initialized by udev or by a special initrd you compiled yourself. One method the kernel developers use to be able to still get the log messages generated before /dev/console is available is to provide an alternative console that you can enable or disable from grub.
Net Console
If you read through the kernel documentation regarding debugging, you will hear about Netconsole, which can be loaded from the kernel line in GRUB, compiled into your kernel, or loaded at runtime as a module. Having a netconsole entry in your
menu.lst is most excellent for debugging slower computers like old laptops or thin-clients. It is easy to use. Just setup a 2nd computer (running arch) to accept syslog requests on a remote port, very fast and quick to do on arch-linux, 1 line to syslog.conf. Then you could use a log-color-parser like ccze to view all syslog logs, or just tail your everything.log. Then on your laptop, boot up and select the netconsole entry from the grub menu, and you will start seeing as much logging as you want on your syslog system. This logging lets you view even earlier log output than is available with the earlyprintk=vga kernel parameter, as netconsole is used by kernel hackers and developers, so it is very powerful.
title Arch Linux DEBUG Netconsole kernel /vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro firstname.lastname@example.com/12:34:56:78:9a:bc debug ignore_loglevel initrd /initramfs-linux.img
Hijacking cmdline
If you do not have access to GRUB or the kernel boottime cmdline, like on a server or virtual machine, as long as you have root permissions you can still enable this kind of simplistic verbose logging using a neat hack. While you cannot modify the
/proc/cmdline even as root, you can place your own cmdline file on top of /proc/cmdline, so that accessing /proc/cmdline actually accesses your file.
For example if I cat /proc/cmdline, I have the following:
root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro console=tty1 logo.nologo quiet
So I use a simple sed command to replace quiet with verbose like:
sed 's/ quiet/ verbose/' /proc/cmdline > /root/cmdline
Then I bind mount /root/cmdline so that it becomes /proc/cmdline, using the -n option to mount so that this mount will not be recorded in the systems mtab.
mount -n --bind -o ro /root/cmdline /proc/cmdline
Now if I cat /proc/cmdline, I have the following:
root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro console=tty1 logo.nologo verbose
Repairing with Arch live-cd
In case grub is unable to boot your kernel, or if your initramfs is broken, you can boot into a safe system using an Arch live-cd. Once finished with repairs, unmount the broken system and reboot.
Mounting and Chrooting broken system
Once booted and at a console prompt, use the following to mount and repair your broken system (where
/dev/sda3 is
/ and
/dev/sda1 is
First create the mount-point and mount your root
/ filesystem to it, then cd into it.
# mkdir /mnt/arch # mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/arch # cd /mnt/arch
Now create the proc, sysfs, and dev filesystems
# mount -t proc proc proc/ # mount -t sysfs sys sys/ # mount -o bind /dev dev/
Next mount the boot partition if you use one.
# mount /dev/sda1 boot/
Finally chroot into
/mnt/arch which will become
# chroot .
Turn on networking with
# /etc/rc.d/networking restart # /etc/rc.d/net-profiles restart
Reinstalling with Pacman
The author uses pacman in a chrooted broken system to reinstall the kernel, grub, initramfs, udev, and any other packages that may be broken and/or needed to get the system up and running.
This will reinstall the kernel and initramfs so check that
/etc/mkinitcpio.conf is correct or remove the file entirely and re-install mkinitcpio.
# pacman -Syy mkinitcpio linux udev
You may need to add the
--force option.
Afterwards, unmount and reboot.
See Also
External Links
- Memtest
- List of Tools for UBCD - Can be added to custom menu.lst like memtest


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Cubs call up top prospect Baez
CHICAGO -- Javier Baez wasn't quite awake when he got the news that he was being promoted to the big leagues.
Triple-A Iowa manager Marty Pevey called Baez, 21, to his hotel room early Monday in Omaha where the Minor League team was playing. Pevey started to tell Baez that he wanted to work on some of his footwork around second base. Baez looked at his manager in disbelief.
"He said, 'What? In the room?'" Pevey said. "He was half asleep."
Then, Pevey told Baez the real reason he called him in, and the 21-year-old woke up immediately.
Maybe it was the two-homer game on Sunday that did it. Maybe it was the fact that he was batting .300 with 12 home runs since July 1. Whatever it was, it's time. The Cubs have promoted Baez, and he is expected to make his debut on Tuesday against the Rockies.
Baez, ranked No. 2 on MLB.com's list of Top 20 Cubs prospects, is batting .260 overall with 23 home runs, 24 doubles, two triples and 80 RBIs in 104 games at Triple-A Iowa. The Cubs are hoping that's the last he sees of the Minor Leagues.
The club's No. 1 pick (ninth overall) in the 2011 First-Year Player Draft, Baez has been playing both second base and shortstop, and his arrival will likely move Arismendy Alcantara to the outfield. Pevey said Baez's range at second is "unbelievable."
Cubs manager Rick Renteria has been asked often about Baez, a right-handed hitter with a vicious swing, who hit a two-run homer for the World Team in the All-Star Futures Game last month.
"When the move is made with him, whenever that is, it'll be because everybody has drawn a clear consensus that the action is right for him and for us," Renteria said in Los Angeles on Saturday.
The Cubs were sellers at the Trade Deadline for the third straight season, and with the team in last place, it's a good time to get a peek at the future.
"He has the ability, he has the talent," Cubs shortstop Starlin Castro said of Baez. "I think he can do the same -- come here and keep playing, keep doing his job. I think it'll be good for him."
Castro knows all about the nervousness of a big league callup. He was promoted on May 7, 2010, from Double-A Tennessee, and hit a three-run home run in his first at-bat, finishing that game in Cincinnati with six RBIs.
That was May; this is August.
"He's done a great job," Cubs infielder Chris Valaika said of Baez in his switch from shortstop to second. "I think that transition is really smooth. I think the more he does it, he'll keep getting better and better. That transition has been pretty seamless."
Valaika was Baez's teammate at Iowa before being promoted to the Cubs on Friday. Baez has been batting third, followed by Cubs No. 1 prospect Kris Bryant and recently, Jorge Soler.
"That's a special lineup," Valaika said of the 3-4-5 combo. "There's a lot of good things coming. Javy has really turned it around and he's killing it down there and Soler getting healthy, he's polished. ... It's a professional lineup."
Baez got off to a slow start at Iowa, batting .172 in April. Iowa hitting coach Brian Harper said Baez talked to other players plus the coaching staff. The result? Baez hit .275 in June, and then got hot in July. He's also batting .283 with runners in scoring position.
"In the long run, I think it'll help him in the big leagues," Harper said of Baez's early struggles. "I look at young players and not so much how they handle success but how they handle failure, because you will fail in the big leagues at times. When you learn to handle that, you'll be better.
"I'm really, really proud of how he's responded from April to now, how he's gone about working, how he's playing, how he's hustling," Harper said.
Yes, Baez will strike out. Pevey said the infielder still chases, but he's gotten better at the plate.
"He's grasped a lot of what 'Harp' has talked to him about," Pevey said. "At the end of the day, after everybody is gone, he's still hitting in the cage at 12:30, 1 a.m."
Pevey said he warned Baez that late night sessions may be hard to do at Wrigley Field because of where the batting cages are located under the bleachers. The Cubs will likely give Baez a key so he can hit as he pleases.
"He's a good kid -- what a gamer and a great athlete," Pevey said. "It'll be a learning curve for Javy. He'll want to hit every ball 600 feet. He's such a great competitor."
And now, Baez is headed to The Show.


text:
Videos by TopicDonate
World War II Veterans and Liberators
Felix Flicker on the liberation of Majdanek
Language: English
Jewish survivor Felix Flicker joined the Soviet Armed Forces in 1943. Flicker recalls arriving at Majdanek concentration camp after it was liberated in July 1944. He describes the prisoners looking like skeletons and the arrests and executions of the camp guards.
Veteran's Day - Kenneth Colvin
Language: English
In 1971, Kenneth Colvin, United States Army Veteran was chosen to attend the Liberators Conference in Washington. Colvin describes reuniting with his fellow liberators and how they were still affected by their experiences in World War II.
Sidney Shafner on his friendship with Jewish survivor Marcel Levy
Language: English
WWII liberator Sidney Shafner reflects on his friendship with Holocaust survivor Marcel Levy after the pair met when Dachau was liberated in 1945.
Leo Hymas on military combat in Düsseldorf, Germany
Language: English
Leo Hymas, United States Armed Forces and Buchenwald camp liberator speaks only for the second time in his life about a particular combat operation in Düsseldorf, Germany. This testimony clip was featured in the lesson, Heroes, from Teaching with Testimony in the 21st Century.
Ralph Leeser remembers entering Hitler's home
Language: English
Ralph Leeser and his family fled to the United States from Nazi Germany in 1939. A few years later he joined the United States armed forces and helped liberate Buchenwald concentration camp. After the liberation Leeser and his fellow soldiers went to Braunau, Austria and entered Hitler's home.Instead of serving in the Austrian military for six months, men may intern with Holocaust remembrance organizations abroad - See more at: http://sfi.usc.edu/profiles/manuel-m%C3%BCller#.dpu entered Hitler's former home in Braunau, Austria in April 1945.
Liberator Leon Bass on being inspired by Martin Luther King Jr
Language: English
Leon Bass, US military veteran, reflects on Dr. Martin Luther King Jr and how he was inspired by King's message of non-violence. Leon was at the Lincoln Memorial in 1963 for the March on Washington and he describes his experience of watching Martin Luther King Jr's "I Have a Dream," speech.
Floyd Dade remembers Jackie Robinson
Language: English
Before he made his major league debut in 1947 breaking the color barrier in baseball, Jackie Robinson was standing up to injustice and discrimination. Holocaust camp liberator Floyd Dade remembers when his fellow serviceman, Robinson refused to sit in the back of the bus
Martin Becker on Hiroshima
Language: English
Martin Becker fled Nazi Germany and immigrated to the United States where he later joined the Armed Forces. He speaks on his deployment to Japan including being stationed in Hiroshima only two weeks after US dropped the atomic bomb in August 1945.
Howard Cwick
Language: English
Howard Cwick was born in the Bronx, New York, on August 25, 1923, to Samuel and Sarah Cwick, both Polish immigrants. Howard had an older sister, Sylvia. The
Cwick family spoke both English and Yiddish, kept a kosher home, and attended synagogue three times a week. Howard went to school at P.S. 100 in the Bronx before
going on to Brooklyn Technical High School. When he was seven years old, Howard received his first camera and became interested in photography.
Howard worked as a machinist before enlisting in the United States Air Force in October 1942. After being injured in the crash of a training flight, he was transferred to the 281st Combat Engineer Battalion at Camp Butner, North Carolina. In November 1944, Howard's battalion left the United States and landed in England. They spent four months on a military base in Bovey Trace in Devon and then headed to Germany via France. Howard's unit arrived outside of Weimar around April 10, 1945. Howard was ordered to headquarters for an assignment but unwittingly got into a jeep that instead went to Buchenwald. After he entered the camp, he took photographs of what he saw. By the end of the first day, a detachment of the U.S. armed forces had arrived at Buchenwald. On the second day, while the medics were busy treating survivors, the local citizens were forced to walk through the camp to view what the Nazis had done. Even as the townspeople claimed not to know about activities and conditions in Buchenwald, Howard and fellow soldiers found in the cellars of local homes Red Cross packages intended for camp prisoners. For his part, Howard immediately developed some of his pictures of Buchenwald and sent all the negatives home.
Discharged in 1946, Howard married his wife, Claire, in 1948 and graduated New York University with a master's degree in education. Claire and Howard had a daughter, Laurie, and a son, Steven. During his career, Howard taught industrial arts at local high schools. Many years after the war, upon hearing students remark that the
Holocaust couldn't have been as bad as it was being portrayed, Howard began sharing his photos and recollections of Buchenwald. At the time of his interview in 1997, Howard had one grandchild and another on the way.
The interview was conducted on September 16, 1997 in Lake Worth, FL, United States; interviewer: Susan Rosenblum; videographer: Steven Cohen. Howard Cwick passed away on April 25, 2006, at the age of 82.
Felix Flicker on the liberation of Majdanek
Language: English
Jewish survivor Felix Flicker joined the Soviet Armed Forces in 1943. Flicker recalls arriving at Majdanek concentration camp after it was liberated in July 1944. He describes the prisoners looking like skeletons and the arrests and executions of the camp guards.
Leon Adler – Memorial Day
Language: English
Memorial Day in the United States commemorates the men and women who died while in the military service. US army veteran Leon Adler remembers helping mortally wounded soldiers while serving in Germany.
Philip Drell on photographing Dachau after liberation
Language: English
Philip Drell, a photographer with the U.S. Army Signal Corps, served with the Special Motion Picture Coverage Unit headed by film director George Stevens. In his testimony, Philip describes what he witnessed when his unit arrived at Dachau. His testimony is featured in Testimony –The Legacy of Schindler's List and the USC Shoah Foundation.
Barton Nagata on racism in the United States
Language: English
Dachau camp liberator Barton Nagata talks about his exposure to racism in the segregated South of the United States.
Don Shimazu Remembers the Attack on Pearl Harbor
Language: English
United States army veteran Don Shimazu remembers the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor December 7 1941. He was a part of the ROTC (Reserve Officers' Training Corps) at the University of Hawaii and remembers being put on duty right away. A Hawaiian native, he also reflects on the tension the attack created in his family, since his parents were Japanese citizens.
Paul Parks on racial discrimination
Language: English
Dachau camp liberator Paul Parks recalls experiencing racial discrimination in the United States after returning home from fighting in WWII.
Jules Barrash Remembers Christmas in France during WWII
Language: English
While deployed in France, US armed forces liberator Jules Barrash remembers asking a French farm couple to cook him and a group of about 15 soldiers a dinner for Christmas in exchange for sea rations and food from the army.
Ralph Leeser remembers entering Hitler's home
Language: English
Ralph Leeser and his family fled to the United States from Nazi Germany in 1939. A few years later he joined the United States armed forces and helped liberate Buchenwald concentration camp. After the liberation Leeser and his fellow soldiers went to Braunau, Austria and entered Hitler's home.Instead of serving in the Austrian military for six months, men may intern with Holocaust remembrance organizations abroad - See more at: http://sfi.usc.edu/profiles/manuel-m%C3%BCller#.dpu entered Hitler's former home in Braunau, Austria in April 1945.
Kurt Klein
Language: English
Kurt describes liberating survivors of a death march in May 1945, in Volary, Czechoslovakia, including his first encounter with his future wife, Gerda. Kurt Klein was born July 2, 1920, in Walldorf, Germany. As the Nazi persecution of German Jews intensified, Kurt's parents decided to send him and his siblings to live with distant relatives in Buffalo, New York, where he worked in various jobs, including the printing business, trying to raise enough money to bring his parents to the United States. Kurt was drafted into the United States Army in 1943. After participating in the Normandy campaign in 1944, Kurt served as a prisoner-of-war interrogator. While in Czechoslovakia, Kurt met his future wife, survivor Gerda Weissmann. At the end of his service toward the end of 1945, Kurt proposed to Gerda before returning to the printing business in Buffalo. A year later in August 1946, Kurt and Gerda married in Paris and then settled in Buffalo. During the war, Kurt's parents were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau, where they perished. At the time of Kurt's interview in 1995, he and Gerda had three children and eight grandchildren, and were living in Scottsdale, Arizona. Kurt's unique point of view is that of both a survivor and a liberator.
Brendon Phibbs on the end of WWII in Europe
Language: English
Brendon Phibbs, US Army liberator, remembers hearing the news that Germany surrendered and war in Europe ended on May 7, 1945.
A series of clips featuring survivors recalling the difficulties of voting before and during the war in Europe and how it impacted their appreciation of the importance of participating in the democratic process.
A collection of Jewish survivors and other eyewitnesses to the Holocaust describe watching the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin. In preparation for the start of the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, the Nazis in power decided to minimize the presence of anti-Semitism in the city.
USC Shoah Foundation presents 24 stories of genocide survivors who recall their experiences as refugees in their testimonies preserved in the Visual History Archive. Each clip of testimony to inspire, inform and shed light on the impact of war, genocide and massacre forcing individuals from their homes.
A collection of testimony clips from WWII liberators who served in the United States Armed Forces.
Special thanks to Ford Motor Company for their support of our World War II Veterans and Liberators collections.
From April to July 1994, one of the most brutal genocides in human history occurred in Rwanda. It claimed the lives of 800,000 men, women, and children, most of whom were of Tutsi descent. Kwibuka, the official anniversary of the Rwandan Tutsi Genocide, is observed every year on April 7. Explore this selection of testimony clips of survivors and eyewitnesses to the genocide from the Visual History Archive.
At the end of each interview the Institute recorded for the Archive, the interviewer would ask the interviewee if he or she had a special message for future generations watching the interview. The survivors and other witnesses often spoken about such themes as forgiveness, the importance of individual action, and the need to teach children tolerance. Here are a few messages from the Institute's Archive.
Several people responded to active discrimination by helping the victims in different ways. This is a collection of clips highlighting testimony from survivors and aid givers themselves. One question that sometimes emerges in these clips is "what made you stand up to discrimination and racial intolerance?"
A series of clips from survivors speaking about their experiences with personal as well as institutional forms of discrimination. These clips include testimonies from the European Holocaust, the Armenian Genocide, and the Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda collections.
A collection of clips from the Institute Archive that focus on interviewees describing particular feelings and emotions they experienced, such as fear, gratitude, and attitudes about others.
Possibly the most well-known example of these rescue operations involved individual British families agreeing to "host" children from Germany, Austria, and the Czech Republic through a program known as Kindertransport. Through this program, organized by Sir Nicholas Winton, an estimated 10,000 refugee children, most of them Jewish, were housed in the United Kingdom during the war. These children were able to avoid ghettoization and camp experiences; in many cases, they were the only members of their families to survive the Holocaust.


text:
The White Sox have done a lot of moving around to improve the defense already this offseason. They've said goodbye to Jermaine Dye and will likely be moving Carlos Quentin to right field.
"That's his natural position," he said of using Quentin in right. "That's what I think. He grew up playing right field. He couldn't play right field for the White Sox because of (Dye). But we've got right field and left field. He can play whatever he wants, wherever he feels more comfortable. And we're waiting to see."
Guillen was very adamant that Alex Rios will be their everyday center-fielder and said Andruw Jones has no choice but to learn to play left field if he wants to get in the lineup with any sort of frequency. Mark Kotsay — of whom Guillen spoke incredibly highly — is also in the left field mix.
December 7, 2009
Ozzie Guillen on Carlos Quentin and the rest of his outfield
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text:
El Real Gardens
Contact details
Calle San Pío V, s/n.
46010 Valencia, Valencia-València (Region of Valencia)
Tel.:+34 962084304
- Autonomous region: Region of Valencia
- Province/Island: Valencia-València
The El Real Gardens have a rectangular layout, where the central point is always marked by a fountain or a pavilion. As in the Reales Alcázares Palace in Seville, colour plays a key role in the form of ceramic tiles and topiary plants. The gardens have a wide variety of different forms: some feature geometric, regular designs outlined by clipped hedges, while others are more romantic, with large trees. A number of statues are dotted throughout the gardens, such as Despertar (awakening) –overlooking a pool, and Mozas del Cántaro (pitcher girls) by Octavio Vicent. There are also numerous monuments dedicated to such figures as Vicente Wenceslao Querol, Constantí Llombart, Canon Chabás and Walt Disney. Other attractions include the zoo, opened in 1965, and the rose garden, with a musical fountain in the centre.
Practical information
- From Nov 01 to Mar 31
From Monday to FridayFrom 7:30 AM to 8:30 PM
- From Apr 01 to Oct 31
From Monday to SundayFrom 7:30 AM to 9:30 PM
- Admission free


text:
Rolling Stone Magazine today released an excerpt from an interview with Rihanna about her relationship with Chris Brown. Telling the magazine that, "Even if it's a mistake, it's my mistake."
In the latest issue due out Friday, Rihanna talks all things Chris Brown.
When talking about her reconciliation with Brown, who in 2009 was arrested for assaulting her on the eve of the Grammy Awards, she said, "I decided it was more important for me to be happy," she tells Rolling Stone contributing editor Josh Eells, "I wasn't going to let anybody's opinion get in the way of that. Even if it's a mistake, it's my mistake. After being tormented for so many years, being angry and dark, I'd rather just live my truth and take the backlash. I can handle it."
Brown plead guilty to assault for the 2009 incident, performing community service, he remains on probation. "When you add up the pieces from the outside, it's not the cutest puzzle in the world," Rihanna says. "You see us walking somewhere, driving somewhere, in the studio, in the club, and you think you know. But it's different now. We don't have those types of arguments anymore. We talk about sh-t. We value each other. We know exactly what we have now, and we don't want to lose that."
According to Rihanna, if Brown were to display a hint of his past behavior towards her, she is ready to walk. "He doesn't have the luxury of f–king up again," she says. "That's just not an option. I can't say that nothing else will ever go wrong. But I'm pretty solid in the knowing that he's disgusted by that. And I wouldn't have gone this far if I ever thought that was a possibility."
However cozy their relationship has become, Browns anger management still remains in question after Sunday night's brawl that took place outside a recording studio in North Hollywood with Frank Ocean. While the investigation continues Brown is adamant that he wasn't involved in the altercation.
Posting a photo on Instagram of Jesus on the cross, Brown posted, "Painting the way I feel today. Focus on what matters!" Soon after posting the photo Brown made his Instagram account private posting, "Social media takes away the essence of why we are even special or icons. So with that, I'm detaching myself from that world"
Good luck Rihanna!
Be sure to check out my other examiner columns:
Celebrity and other news and concert and music reviews
Click subscribe to get email updates when new articles are published!
Questions/comments? Email me at email@example.com or visit SacAndBeyond.com


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The Tangled Web of IoT Security
May 6, 2014 7:06 AM PT
The Internet of Things, or IoT, consists of "uniquely identifiable objects and their virtual representations in an Internet-like structure," according to Wikipedia.
The IoT is "the network of physical objects accessed through the Internet," according to Cisco Systems.
In addition to there being no clear definition of the IoT, estimates vary widely about the number of unique devices it includes. There are an estimated 26 billion devices, according to Gartner, but a whopping 212 billion, according to IDC.
Which Technologies Are in the IoT?
The IoT includes GPS in cellphones and tablets, as well Internet-accessible technologies like RFID (radio frequency identification), QR codes and barcodes.
The global economic impact of these "things" lumped together as the IoT, often labeled "devices," is significant.
The Internet of Things has the potential to create an economic impact of US$2.7 trillion to $6.2 trillion annually by 2025, Microsoft said, based on statistics from McKinsey Global Institute.
As a result of the IoT, "potentially billions of devices will report data about themselves, making it possible to create new applications in areas as diverse as factory optimization, car maintenance, or simply keeping track of your stuff online," notes an MIT Technology Review report.
So Many Devices, So Many Security Issues
"The challenge we have is that each of those areas is really pretty separate ... . It's not going to be one-size-fits-all for IoT security," commented Bret Hartman, Cisco's vice president and chief technology officer for its security and government group.
Usually these endpoint devices aren't very big. They don't have a lot of compute power to do much, especially around security. There are IP-addressable light bulbs, for example. There's not a whole lot of processing power left in there for security.
If light bulbs are vulnerable, though, then a bad Internet player could darken a competing business, or turn off lights to commit crimes.
Where Is the Risk?
The "sheer scale of scope of the challenge" to manage so many devices in the IoT is addressed in a recent Computerworld report that provides a laundry list of IoT items:
"everything from home automation products including smart thermostats, security cameras, refrigerators, microwaves, home entertainment devices like TVs, gaming consoles to industrial control machinery and smart retail shelves that know when they need replenishing."
The IoT challenges "are around volume, stealth and persistence of attacks," Kevin Epstein, vice president of advanced security at Proofpoint, told Computerworld. "Now imagine the volume of attacks increased by [ten-fold] ... and no one could turn off the sending devices."
Cybersecurity Issues
The IoT has been discussed since about 1991, particularly with the use of RFID. With the growth of the Internet, many new technologies have been included in the IoT, complicating management of security.
A variety of possible cyberattacks threaten data and IT equipment located in the cloud. However, the IoT includes all kinds of devices affecting individual consumers who may believe they have privacy -- for example, capturing consumer driving information when obstensibly collecting automobile insurance data and GPS data.
Point of Sale (POS) devices also are vulnerable to cyberintrusions, according to Verizon's 2014 Data Breach Incident Report.
"... restaurants, hotels, grocery stores, and other brick-and-mortar retailers are all potential targets.
From an attack pattern standpoint, the most simplistic narrative is as follows: Compromise the POS device, install malware to collect magnetic stripe data in process, retrieve data and cash in.
Recent highly publicized breaches of several large retailers have brought POS compromises to the forefront."
Encryption can help protect IoT data, the Verizon report recommends.
"Considering the high frequency of lost assets, encryption is as close to a no-brainer solution as it gets for this incident pattern. Sure, the asset is still missing, but at least it will save a lot of worry, embarrassment, and potential lawsuits by simply being able to say the information within it was protected. Also, periodically checking to ensure encryption is still active is right up there too. This will come in handy when the auditor or regulator asks that dreaded question: 'How do you know for sure it was encrypted?'"
A few years ago, the U.S. State Department first started equipping U.S. passports with RFID tags. That passport data could be read from as far away as 30 feet, raising alarm about the security and privacy of the passport data among privacy experts.
To prove how vulnerable passport RFID data was, protestors purchased equipment on eBay for about $250 and used it to hijack RFID passport data. They proved their point. As a result the State Department had to make changes to the RFID tags.
In Conclusion
IoT is part of the Internet and everything is connected, yet many individuals do not realize how vulnerable IoT is, and what that vulnerability means to them, including the risks to their assets and their privacy.
Surely we will continue to learn more about IoT as it grows.


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We've come to that time of the year when our server lease and domain name registrations are coming up for renewal. In the past, many of you have expressed your generosity in the form of donations in order to keep the site running - I'm asking for your support again this year.
Please visit our donation information page for more details and, if you enjoy this site, if you've ever attended our gatherings or, if this community has brought you some knowledge or entertainment, please give what you can to keep us going.
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Board index
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- Description
DetailsFPGA development board designed for ALTERA Cyclone IV series, features the EP4CE6 onboard, and integrates various standard interfaces, pretty easy for peripheral expansions.
OpenEP4CE6-C is an FPGA development board that consists of the mother board DVK601 and the FPGA core board CoreEP4CE6.
OpenEP4CE6-C supports further expansion with various optional accessory boards for specific application. The modular and open design makes it the ideal for starting application development with ALTERA Cyclone IV series FPGA devices. OpenEP4CE6-C enables you to start your design with the Nios II processor easily and quickly.
What's on the mother board
- FPGA CPLD core board connector: for easily connecting core boards which integrate an FPGA CPLD chip onboard
- 8I/Os_1 interface, for connecting accessory boards/modules
- 8I/Os_2 interface, for connecting accessory boards/modules
- 8I/Os_3 interface, for connecting accessory boards/modules
- 8I/Os_4 interface, for connecting accessory boards/modules
- 16I/Os_1 interface, for connecting accessory boards/modules
- 16I/Os_2 interface, for connecting accessory boards/modules
- 32I/Os_1 interface, for connecting accessory boards/modules
- 32I/Os_2 interface, for connecting accessory boards/modules
All the I/O interfaces above:
- capable of being simulated as USART, I2C, SPI, PS/2, etc.
- capable of driving devices such as FRAM, FLASH, USB, Ethernet, etc.
- FPGA expansion connectors
- FPGA pins are accessible on expansion connectors
- for connecting SDRAM accessory board
- LCD interface, for connecting LCD22, LCD12864, LCD1602
- ONE-WIRE interface: easily connects to ONE-WIRE devices (TO-92 package), such as temperature sensor (DS18B20), electronic registration number (DS2401), etc.
- Buzzer
- Joystick: five positions
- Potentiometer: for LCD22 backlight adjustment, or LCD12864, LCD1602 contrast adjustment
- Buzzer jumper
- Joystick jumper
- ONE-WIRE jumper
For jumpers 16-18:
- short the jumper to connect to I/Os used in example code
- open the jumper to connect to other custom pins via jumper wires
The DVK601 supports a wide range of different core boards, therefore, some of the interfaces may be Not-Connected and useless while connecting to certain core board. For instance, while connecting to Core3S250E, the '④ 8I/Os_3' and '⑤ 8I/Os_4' are Not-Connected.
What's on the CoreEP4CE6
- EP4CE6E22C8N:the ALTERA Cyclone IV FPGA device which features:
- Operating Frequency: 50MHz
- Operating Voltage: 1.15V~3.465V
- Package: QFP144
- I/Os: 80
- LEs: 6K
- RAM: 270kb
- PLLs: 2
- Debugging/Programming: supports JTAG
- AMS1117-3.3, 3.3V voltage regulator
- AMS1117-2.5, 2.5V voltage regulator
- AMS1117-1.2, 1.2V voltage regulator
- EPCS16, onboard serial FLASH memory, for storing code
- Power indicator
- LEDs
- Reset button
- nCONFIG button: for re-configuring the FPGA chip, the equivalent of power reseting
- Power switch
- 50M active crystal oscillator
- 5V DC jack
- JTAG interface: for debugging/programming
- FPGA pins expander, VCC, GND and all the I/O ports are accessible on expansion connectors for further expansion
- LED jumpers
Note: The OpenEP4CE6-C does NOT integrate any programming/debugging function, a programmer/debugger is required.
The OpenEP4CE6-C FPGA development board comes with various examples codes for the supported peripherals, which give you a quick start to develop your own application.
Peripheral Description Interface Verilog VHDL NIOS II C S29GL128P NorFLASH 32I/Os Y AT24CXX EEPROM I2C √ √ √ FM24CXX FRAM I2C √ √ √ AT45DBXX DATAFLASH SPI √ SD card FLASH SPI √ H57V1262GTR SDRAM parallel √ PCF8563 RTC I2C √ DS18B20 Temperature sensor 1-WIRE √ √ √ SP3232 Serial communication UART √ √ √ SP3485 Serial communication UART √ √ √ PL2303 USB TO UART UART √ √ √ FT245 USB TO FIFO parallel √ CY7C68013A USB DEVICE I/Os √ ENC28J60 Ethernet controller SPI √ Buzzer Sound device 1I/O (PWM) √ √ √ PS/2 keyboard Input device PS/2 √ √ Single buttons Input device ---- √ √ √ 4x4 keypad Input device 8I/Os √ √ √ Joystick Input device 5I/Os √ √ √ LED Display device ---- √ √ √ 8 SEG LED Display device 13I/Os √ √ √ VGA monitor Display device VGA √ √ Character LCD Display device 11I/Os √ √ Graphic LCD Display device 11I/Os √ 3.2 inch multi-color LCD + touch screen Display device + Input device 32I/Os √
Debugging/Programming Interface
The OpenEP4CE6-C FPGA development board integrates JTAG interface for programming/debugging.
JTAG Signal Names & Description
Pin Signal Name Description 1 TCK Clock signal 2 GND Signal ground 3 TDO Data from device 4 VCC(TRGT) Target power supply 5 TMS JTAG state machine control 6 NC No connect 7 NC No connect 8 NC No connect 9 TDI Data to device 10 GND Signal ground
JTAG Header Pinout
Development Resources
- Related Software (Quaters II, NIOS II etc.)
- Demo Code (Verilog, VHDL and NIOS II C)
- Schematic (PDF)
- FPGA Development Documentations (Datasheets etc.)
- Package Content
Weight: 0.176 kg
Quick Overview


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MistoBox: A Coffee Tasting Flight by Mail
Looking to develop a sophisticated coffee tasting palate? Sadly, there is no shortcut—tasting, tasting and more tasting is the only way to develop your flavor chops. But nowadays there are more and more options to help ease the path of your journey, in simple, sample-sized baby steps, via tasting subscriptions like those offered by MistoBox.
Much like other mailorder coffee-tasting flights that have come before, Misto aims to deliver a curated, rotating selection of coffees from roasters around the land, in wee teeny tiny bags to allow you to experience a diversity of offerings. The boxes—which currently come in one-time ($15), six-month ($14/month), or twelve-month ($12.50/month) subscriptions—showcase four different coffees from four different roasteries (February's box includes two Colombian coffees from Pennsylvania's One Village Coffee and Seattle's Caffe Lladro, an El Salvadorean coffee from Los Angeles roaster Demitasse, and a Sumatra from Madison, Wisconsin's Johnson Brothers). The 50 gram bags are enough to make a pourover or two of coffee—and just enough to pique your curiosity about trying more, or moving on.
Besides being a venue to showcase smaller roasters, these kinds of subscription samplers fill a distinct need in specialty coffee: in a food-fetish landscape where coffee has risen in public consciousness, access to a wide selection of different coffees remains the province of the few, and usually those concentrated in urban centers. And even in big cities, the entry fee to taste a little bit of a lot of different coffees remains prohibitively high. (At upwards of $17 for a 12 ounce bag of beans, the comparative tasting process is going to move glacially slow for most of us.)
Thus the growing landscape of subscription boxes like Misto and online retailers that strive to offer a broad selection of coffees from multiple roasters (Go Coffee Go is a good example) in order to lower the geographic and conceptual barriers to learning about, and tasting, delicious coffee.
Misto's own online store serves as a broader version of its tasting boxes: each coffee featured in the boxes is available on the webshop, with monthly shipping specials. But beyond the coffees included in the sampler is a staggeringly large, and dare I say egalitarian, selection of all kinds of coffees: from single origins from boutique roasters like Chicago's Bow Truss or Washington state's Olympia Coffee Roasters, to dark roasts to flavored coffees.
We liked this month's honey-sweet, dark berry Colombia Agustino Forest from Caffe Lladro the best of this box—and we also liked that if Seattle is too far to visit, ordering it from Misto's website gets a fresh roasted bag shipped to you directly from the roastery. This drop shipment method allows Misto to maintain a huge virtual inventory of coffees from their partner roasteries while making sure you actually get fresh coffee. For roasters, this growing trend is a way to gain exposure—and palate share. Vive la difference!
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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Is Social Marketing Useful For Promoting Sustainability in Neighborhoods?
Social marketing has long been used in the field of public health, but its application in the environmental world is only a decade old. McKenzie-Mohr and Smith's (1999) guide to fostering sustainable behavior through "community-based social marketing" (CBSM) has gained widespread support. However, there have been few attempts to delineate when and where CBSM can (and should) be used. Nor has CBSM been fully connected to the literature on long-term neighborhood sustainability. Is social marketing useful for promoting sustainability in neighborhoods?
To answer this question, Deborah Lightman (MCP '11) reviewed the relevant literature and interviewed homeowners in three neighborhoods in the Toronto area regarding their priorities for sustainability and their interest in rain barrels and gardens. Deborah's research suggests that community-based social marketing can be useful for promoting sustainability in neighborhoods; however, practitioners must use it conscientiously.
First, social marketers should go beyond investigating "barriers" to carefully assess why residents of a given neighborhood would want to adopt a specific sustainable action. Results of interviews suggest that different messages about rain barrel benefits will resonate with individuals who self-identify in different ways. Findings also suggest that CBSM programs will be more successful if they are clearly beneficial for the local environment or community. Second, social marketers should explore whether residents consider their neighborhood to be their "community". Many neighborhoods are not defined by a single set of community norms, which may affect the way social marketers use normative tools to promote behaviors.
Social marketers should also carefully consider the relationship between the uptake of a specific action and broader neighborhood sustainability. CBSM does not aim for change beyond the individual level, despite its claim to be "community-based." However, in all three neighborhoods, addressing residents' sustainability priorities required neighborhood-level action. Deborah suggests that CBSM can indirectly contribute to long-term sustainability by building social capital, attachment to place, and understanding of the concept of sustainability. She argues that a CBSM program that leads to the adoption of 30 rain barrels and stimulates neighborhood-wide engagement may be more valuable than one that leads to the passive uptake of 100 rain barrels.
You can learn more about this topic by reading the full thesis, "Community-Based Social Marketing at the Neighborhood Scale: Sustainable Behavior or Neighborhood Sustainability?" written by Deborah Lightman.
Posted on May 4, 2012, in urban sustainability. Bookmark the permalink. Leave a comment.


text: Solutions to secure wireless networks, such as VPNs configured with and protected by WPA2, are readily available to wireless users. Still, as evidenced by the following "Warbiking" excursion, Project Warbike, 91 miles into central London proves, there are at least some users whose networks remain at modest to significant risk. This recent practical experiment into WiFi security covering the city of London and conducted over two days by Sophos' director of technology strategy, James Lyne, found that 27 percent of nearly 107,000 hotspots were found to have poor, or no, security. The project involved using a bike equipped with dynamos and solar panels to power a computer designed to scan for wireless networks -- a technique known as "wardriving," or, in this case, "warbiking." In addition, a GPS-enabled device allowed the creation of a "heat" map, depicting levels of security of wireless networks around central London. Lyne passed more than 1,000 wireless hotspots for every mile he rode, and found that at least one in four had poor security. Analyzing the geographic mapping of the hotspots and the level of security they demonstrated revealed some interesting trends. Residential areas largely had reasonable default configurations -- although many devices had default network names like SKY-XYZ123, they often had the strong WPA2 encryption standard enabled. At a micro level, the worst offending areas, consistently across London, were streets with collections of small businesses. Of the overall number of networks, 9 percent were using default network names with no random element, such as "default" or the vendor name. This makes password hacking even faster. This figure increased to 21 percent if networks that used the default name but had some random element per device, e.g., Default-165496, are included. These figures excluded default names of obviously identifiable, intentionally open hotspots such as those in hotels and cafes. Some providers offering packaged solutions with a plug-and-play router generate truly random names by default, and supply these on a sticker on the bottom of the router. It's therefore reassuring to see some vendors following best practice here, helping consumers in particular to be more secure out of the box. Crucially, Sophos only collected high level data within the confines of the law, which revealed the general state of wireless security (and is therefore representative of awareness of steps taken to secure networks). However, it should be noted that cybercriminals have significantly more offensive tools in their armories and could relatively easily take this exercise further. "With the tools available we could have gone much further but we carefully stayed in the confines of the law. This exercise doesn't paint the complete picture, but it shows enough to demonstrate that security best practice and education still need a lot of focus." said James Lyne, director of technology strategy at Sophos. Pretty much every wireless device can be configured to use secure wireless networking out of the box, so poorly configured devices show a lack of awareness rather than a lack of capability to be secure," added Lyne. It's easy to take simple steps to protect your wireless network, making it a far less attractive target for anyone trying to snoop on your internet activities or steal personal information. If an attacker gains access to a wireless network they can cause a lot of damage, such as intercepting usernames/passwords, taking control of computers on the network, changing browsing to websites (for example to deliver malware or capture credentials), or using the network to perform any manner of anonymous or illegal activities. Unfortunately many networks are still like a Rolo candy -- hard on the outside but soft and gooey on the inside. Without good security as per our top tips, an organization won't know they've been attacked until perhaps the police come knocking." Top level findings of the project include: • 106, 874 individual hotspots detected across more than 91 miles of central London • 8 percent of the hotspots used no encryption and appear to be both home and business networks (this figure excludes a large number of coffee shops and other open hotspots which were identified by name of hotspot) • 19 percent of the hotspots used the obsolete 'WEP' encryption • The remaining networks used WPA or WPA2 encryption, which represents acceptable security, providing they are not configured with default or easy to guess passwords While the Sophos experiment has no way of testing the strength of the passwords used, as no attempt was made to access any of them, there are tools available which can attack WPA2 protected networks with massive wordlists at high speed. Businesses should also ensure they have appropriate configuration management, logging and anomaly detection capabilities so that their configuration remains standard across the office or geographic locations. Other recommendations derived either directly or indirectly from this experiment: 1. Most wireless routers come with a default wireless network name. Known as the "service set identification" or SSID, it's a name many users do not bother to change, which allows hackers to prepare default password look-up lists combined with common SSIDs that speed up the password cracking process dramatically and enabling them to test vast numbers of passwords for seconds. Having a custom SSID increases the time it takes for an attacker to break your passphrase. 2. Coffee shops and public hotspots will often intentionally be open so users of such services should ensure they are configured to use a VPN, which protects their traffic irrespective of the potential hazards of attackers listening in. 3. Configure your wireless network to use WPA2, which is the minimum level of protection on any wireless network. 4. Use a secure password, ideally a hard-to-hack, hard-to-guess alpha-numeric combination or passphrase. Original article: at darkreading


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These Powerpoint presentation slides unearthed by Rumor Reporter shine new light onto a possible suit on Nintendo by Immersion. Immersion, if you don't remember, is the same company that recently won their suit with Sony for millions of dollars (and settled with Microsoft earlier) regarding vibration in controllers. These new Immersion documents outline their somewhat slimy train of thought as they debate whether or not they want to bring Nintendo into court as well.
The reasons Immersion gives for suing Nintendo are getting profit stream of somewhere near $100 million over five years from them and building "recognition". The reasons against? Them having no guarantee of winning, no opportunity of working with Nintendo (MS and Sony haaaaaate them), and the fact that they'd be "effectively out of the game business". If you sue the three biggest players in an industry, yeah, you're pretty much fucked.
Despite all this, we think Immersion is going to go ahead and sue anyway. After all, what the hell else do they do as a business? [Rumor Reporter]


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Long-Term Improvement in Motor Learning by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00314769
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : April 14, 2006
Last Update Posted : December 16, 2019
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
This study will examine whether continuous use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in combination with motor training can lead to long-term improvement in movement performance beyond what can be achieved with motor training alone.
Healthy normal volunteers 18-80 years of age who are clearly right- or left-handed may be eligible for this study. Each candidate is screened with a medical history, clinical and neurological examination, questionnaires to evaluate memory, attention, and handedness and a brain MRI, if one has not been done by NINDS within 12 months of entering the study. Pregnant women may not participate.
The study involves 10 sessions (in addition to the screening visit) over 3 months. Sessions 1-5 are completed over 5 consecutive days. Sessions 6-10 are divided over the remaining time. Participants are randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) tDCS during motor training; 2) tDCS after training; or 3) training with sham tDCS. During these sessions, participants perform a pinch force task (squeezing a small device between the thumb and forefinger) and visuomotor tasks (using a device to move the cursor on a computer screen to various targets and holding the cursor in place for 1 second).
During the motor training and performance sessions, participants have the following procedures.
- TMS measurements: A wire coil is held on the scalp, and a brief electrical current is passed through the coil, creating a magnetic pulse that stimulates the brain. During the stimulation, the subject may be asked to tense certain muscles slightly or perform other simple actions. The stimulation may cause a twitch in muscles of the face, arm, or leg, and the subject may hear a click and feel a pulling sensation on the skin under the coil.
- tDCS: Small, wet sponge electrodes are applied to the head - one above the eye and the other on the back of the head. A small electrical current is passed between them. The subject may feel an itching or tingling sensation under the electrodes or see light flashes. Some sessions are done with sham tDCS.
- Surface electromyography: Electrodes are filled with a conductive gel and taped to the skin over one small hand muscle to measure the electrical activity of muscles.
- Behavioral measurements: Evaluation of learned movement tasks
- Questionnaires to evaluate the subject's attention, fatigue and mood before and after testing
|Condition or disease
|Healthy Volunteers
|Study Type :
|Actual Enrollment :
|196 participants
|Official Title:
|Long-Term Improvement in Training Effects by Transcranial DC Stimulation
|Study Start Date :
|April 7, 2006
|Study Completion Date :
|December 16, 2013
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 80 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
We will include HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS under the following circumstances:
- Age of 18 to 80 years.
- Written informed consent is given by the participant.
- Mini-Mental-Status examination greater than 23 points.
- Handedness as assessed by Edinburgh handedness inventory shows a laterality index (LI) greater than 75 (dexterity) or LI of less than -75 (left-handedness).
- Ability to concentrate and to perform the tasks required in the present study.
- Commitment to participate in the long-term follow-up (up to 3 months).
We will include STROKE PATIENTS under the following circumstances:
- Age of 18 to 80 years.
- Stroke more than 3 months ago.
- Single stroke with hemispheric lesions.
- Stroke that affected one side of the brain (unilateral stroke).
- Patients with initially severe motor paresis (below MRC grade 2), who subsequently recovered to the point that they have a residual motor deficit but still able to perform the tasks required by the study.
- Commitment to participate in the long-term follow-up (up to 3 months).
- Written informed consent is given by the patient.
- Mini-Mental-Status examination greater than 23 points.
- Handedness as assessed by Edinburgh handedness inventory shows a laterality index (LI) greater than 75 (dexterity) or LI of less than -75 (left-handedness).
We will include TBI PATIENTS under the following circumstances:
- Age of 18 to 80 years
- Handedness as assessed by Edinburgh handedness inventory showing a laterality index (L1) greater than 75 (dexterity) or L1 of less than -75 (left-handedness)
- Ability to concentrate on a computer task for up to an hour.
- Ability to perform dominant hand thumb opposition against resistance.
- Willingness to commit to the time involved in the study.
- Willingness and ability to give consent.
- TBI occurred from non-penetrating blunt, acceleration, or deceleration forces to the head.
- TBI is of mild to moderate severity, based on loss of consciousness up to 24 hours, post-traumatic amnesia up to 7 days, or GCS score (9-15), as can be ascertained by medical records or patient report.
- TBI more than 6 months ago
We will exclude healthy volunteers and stroke patients, and TBI patients if one of the following conditions applies:
- Unable to perform the tasks.
- A history of severe neurological illness, e.g. brain tumor, epilepsy or a history of symptomatic seizures, polyneuropathy etc.
- A history of severe alcohol or drug abuse, psychiatric illness such as severe depression, poor motivational capacity, or severe language disturbances, particularly of receptive nature or with serious cognitive deficits (defined as equivalent to a mini-mental state exam score of 23 or less).
- More than moderate uncontrolled medical problems (e.g. active cancer or renal disease, any kind of end-stage pulmonary or cardiovascular disease, hypo/hyperthyroidism, severe diabetes, peripheral arteriopathy, or a deteriorated condition due to age, or other medical conditions as determined by the study physician, that would interfere with participation in this study).
- Increased intracranial pressure as evaluated by clinical means (presence of papilledema in eye ground exam, compressed sulci/ventricle on MRI scan).
- Metal in the body which might make having an MRI unsafe (e.g., vascular clips, cochlear implant) in the cranium (except in the mouth), pacemaker, implanted medication pumps, neural stimulators.
- Drug treatment acting primarily on the central nervous system which lowers the seizure threshold such as antipsychotic drugs (chlorpromazine, clozapine) or tricyclic antidepressants (for the TMS component only).
- Any visual disturbances, especially visual acuity less than 60%.
- Diseased or damaged skin over the face or scalp.
- Acute or chronic tendosynovitis, severe rheumatoid arthritis, active joint deformity of arthritic origin, according to the hand.
- Professionally practiced playing a musical instrument or trained as a typist.
Pregnancy (for the MRI component only).
Both sides of the brain are affected by the stroke or clear bilateral motor impairment.
- TBI from penetrating gunshot or explosive trauma.
- Post-traumatic seizures
- No reported changes in both the Glascow Coma Scale and mental status following injury.
- Active depression of any severity with psychoactive medication changes in the last 2 months.
- Active psychosis, disruptive or violent behavior, or poor motivational capacity.
- Pending litigation regarding the trauma
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00314769
|United States, Maryland
|National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike
|Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892
|Principal Investigator:
|Leonardo G Cohen, M.D.
|National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|April 14, 2006 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|December 16, 2019
|Last Verified:
|December 16, 2013
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS)
Motor Learning
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Cortical Re-Organization
Healthy Volunteer


text:
The author is Mass Communication student at NUST, Islamabad.
The author is a former news editor of a leading English daily.
The writer is associated with Press for Peace.
The writer is an M.Phil scholar and Tribal Affairs Analyst.
Mark Weber is director of the Institute for Historical Review. He studied histor
He is a freelance Article writer.
The author is Retired Pakistan Army officer. Now he becomes a Defence Analyst.
The writer is a lawyer, academic and political analyst. She has authored a book


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"Georgia In Dublin Leggits are proper long, waterproof gaiters for cyclists, exclusively female ones, and a pretty innovative idea. A great way of keeping your legs smart and dry when it's wet out." - road.cc
Georgia in Dublin's Leggits are everything that VeloVixen's about: they combine eye-catching design and innovation with brilliant functionality and comfort - and all with such style. Simply pop a pair of Leggits over your shoes, boots, flats or heels. Say hi to visibility and bye to sodden jeans and spoiled shoes... The beauty of these overshoes is even if it's not raining or dark they still can be worn as funky boots!
Available in a full range of colours, they're more elegant than anything else with the same basic aim: that is, keeping your feet dry around town - which they do brilliantly. It's no wonder when they launched that they received an international award for design innovation and production quality at EuroBike, Europe's largest bike show.
Size Guide
Georgia in Dublin's Leggits are designed to go over any kind of shoes, from boots through trainers to high heels. The sizing reflects your actual shoe size. If you're borderline between two sizes and intending to wear trainers or heavier boots a lot, go for the larger of the two.
Medium: UK Shoe Size 6-7
Large: UK Shoe Size 8-9
Tech Spec
- Elastic/velcro combination ensures they stay in place and you stay dry
- Reflective strips on velcro straps adds extra visibility
- Toe soles are made from recycled inner tubes and are hand harvested and painstakingly filleted by Georgia in Dublin!
Who's Behind It?
Georgia in Dublin was created by a mother and daughter team in 2009. Nicola Orriss and Georgia Scott describe themselves as 'united in their love and appreciation of elegance and functionality.'
Struggling to understand why you can't have both when it comes to women's cycling, they combined Nicola's design flare and 18th century expertise with Georgia's passion for design and cycling to create elegant, versatile rainwear for the casual female cyclist who doesn't want to compromise on style to stay dry.
The ingenuity and innovation of their products, together with the quality of their products' workmanship, are all reasons why they've been so feted with awards and reviews in the European bike industry. Plus, they're really lovely, genuine people, which always helps!
Be the first to review this product
Write Your Own Review
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