text:
Aviva Premiership
Chris Hala'ufia hit with five-week ban
ESPN Staff
December 4, 2012
London Irish No.8 Chris Hala'ufia has paid a heavy price for his red card against London Welsh on Saturday © Getty Images
London Irish's Chris Hala'ufia has been hit with a five-week ban after he was sent off for a dangerous tackle on London Welsh's Seb Jewell during their Aviva Premiership clash on Saturday.
The Exiles' No.8 was dismissed for the challenge just 10 minutes into his side's 15-9 defeat to their Premiership rivals at the Madejski Stadium. The Tongan forward is banned until January 7 and will miss the Exiles' home-and-away Amlin Challenge Cup fixtures against Gloucester, plus three Premiership matches.
Elsewhere on a busy night for disciplinary judgements, Bath winger Matt Banahan was handed a three-week ban following his sending off for a dangerous tackle on Leicester centre Anthony Allen during their clash at Welford Road. Banahan admitted the offence, and his suspension means he cannot play again until December 24, ruling him out of home and away Amlin Challenge Cup ties against Italian club Calvisano, plus a Premiership appointment with Saracens three days before Christmas.
Leicester back-row forward Brett Deacon, who was dismissed for striking an opponent in the same game, was handed a one-week ban. Deacon also received a one-week suspension following an internal hearing by his club. He misses next Sunday's Heineken Cup group game against Treviso.
Bath hooker Lee Mears joined club-mate Banahan on the sidelines after pleading guilty to a charge of of punching or striking an opponent. Mears was given a two-week ban and is free to play again on December 17. But in better news for Bath, Springboks flanker Francois Louw was cleared of punching or striking against Leicester. He was red carded at the time but is free to line up for Bath in the Amlin Challenge Cup this weekend.
© ESPN Sports Media Ltd.
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Biblical Christianity is on the rise in Latin America, and so is atheism.
Youth can be an asset in witnessing.
No results found in Impact.
Placed safely in our solar system's "goldilocks zone" and engineered with the perfect balance of atmosphere, chemicals, and water, our earth was miraculously formed to be inhabited (Isaiah 45:18). This issue examines the earth's unique suitability for life. We'll also investigate what seminaries are actually teaching our pastors, the possibility that viruses could be beneficial, and more.Browse Issue Subscribe
Answers in Genesis is an apologetics ministry, dedicated to helping Christians defend their faith and proclaim the gospel of Jesus Christ.

subset: commoncrawl


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WASHINGTON — As President Barack Obama faces a decision on whether to approve the Alberta-to-Texas Keystone XL pipeline, a study said Canadian oil sands release more planet-warming gases compared to other crudes than originally thought.
Oil sands refined in the United States released 9% more greenhouse gases last year than the average of other crudes processed in the country, according to the study released Wednesday by IHS CERA, an energy research group.
In 2010, the group estimated that the emissions from oil sands refined in the United States were only 6% higher than those from other crudes.
Although the numbers have shifted slightly … the relative position of the oil sands compared to all the other sources of crude hasn't changed much
IHS CERA analyzed data from government, academic and industry sources to that conclude oil sands were more carbon intensive than thought two years ago.
Many environmentalists oppose oil sands crude projects because they believe the fuel is higher in emissions.
Still, IHS CERA played down the findings in the updated report. When it comes to emissions, oil sands crude is still in the league of many crude oils refined in the United States including petroleum from Venezuela, Nigeria, Iraq and heavy oil from California, the group said.
"Although the numbers have shifted slightly … the relative position of the oil sands compared to all the other sources of crude hasn't changed much," said IHS CERA director Jackie Forrest, an author of the report called "Oil Sands, Greenhouse Gases, and U.S. Oil Supply: Getting the Numbers Right — 2012 Update."
Canada's energy sector is seeking new markets for its oil sands crude, with such projects as TransCanada Corp's Keystone XL pipeline to Texas and Enbridge Inc's Northern Gateway pipeline to Canada's Pacific Coast.
Obama blocked the Keystone XL in January, citing environmental concerns about the project in Nebraska. Obama will likely decide on the project, which supporters say will offer thousands of jobs, early in his second term.
Ahead of Obama's decision, green groups hope to persuade the administration that stopping the Keystone XL could reduce emissions by keeping some Canadian crude in the ground.
The Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental group, has said life cycle emissions of oil sands are 8 to 37% higher than other crudes processed in the United States.
Responding to the IHS Cera report Bill McKibben, an author and environmental activist, called oil sands fuel "the dirtiest fuel on Earth." His group plans to protest at the White House on Sunday about climate and Keystone XL.
Oil sands supporters say even if Keystone XL is stopped the Canadian petroleum will eventually be sent to the United States in other pipelines or get sent to other buyers such as China, making the "keep it underground" argument moot.
One supporter said the IHS CERA report simply reflected more accurate data now available.
Greg Stringham, vice president of the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, the industry's main lobby group, said he is not alarmed by the higher average.
"We see it as being a similar range," compared to the earlier study, Stringham said. "But it does show that we need to push on the technology side to make sure that we continue to drive down to our objective to get that number smaller," he said.
© Thomson Reuters 2012


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Rippling across the equator for nearly 5000km, Indonesia encompasses more than 17,000 islands.
Use this form to let us know what you need from a tailored surf holiday. If you wish you can find our most popular surfing holidays and prices online by following the destinations page.
© Errant Surf 2020 | Part of Star Surf Camps (UK) Ltd | Registered Company number: 09334241
The Association of Bonded Travel Organisers Trust Limited (ABTOT) provides financial protection under the Package Travel, Package Holidays and Package Tours Regulations 1992 for Errant Surf, and in the event of their insolvency, protection is provided for the following:
1. non-flight packages commencing in and returning to the UK;
2. non-flight packages commencing and returning to a country other than the UK; and
3. flight inclusive packages that commence outside of the UK, which are sold to customers outside of the UK.
1, 2 and 3 provides for a refund in the event you have not yet travelled. 1 and 3 provides for repatriation. Please note that bookings made outside the UK are only protected by ABTOT when purchased directly with Errant Surf.
Book with Confidence. We are a member of ABTA which means you have the benefit of ABTA's assistance and Code of Conduct. We provide financial protection for your money when you buy a package holiday. If you buy other travel arrangements such as accommodation only this protection doesn't apply.
The air holidays and flights provided by Errant Surf are ATOL protected, since we hold an Air Travel Organiser's Licence (ATOL) number 10318 granted by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). In the unlikely event of our insolvency, the CAA will ensure that you are not stranded abroad and will arrange to refund any money you have paid to us for an advance booking. For further information, visit the ATOL website at www.atol.org.uk.


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Sign In
Save and Track Your Favourite Properties
Hamilton, also known as "Steel Town", " The Hammer" and " Tiger Town" is a port city, that has become the centre of a densely populated and industrialized region at the west end of Lake Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe. Hamilton was conceived by George Hamilton, and was officially given city status on June 9th 1846.
At one time 60% of Canada's steel was produced in Hamilton by Stelco and Dofasco. Hamilton has become the Steel City Capital of Canada.
Land Marks/ Things to do in Hamilton
One of the most recognized landmarks is Dundurn Castle. It was built between the years of 1832 and 1835, and was home to Sir Allan MacNab. The Castle is currently restored to its splendor of 1855 and is open for tours. You may also book a wedding.
Take a visit to the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum featuring the air crafts used by Canadians and Canada's military from the beginning of World War Two up to the present day. The Museum allows visitors to climb into the cockpit of a real jet fighter, or trainer or the Avro CF-100. There are many displays full of photographs and memorabilia which creates an educational experience about Canada's history to all ages. They also have Air Shows, and a Remembrance Day Ceremony open to the public.
Some other places that may be of interest would be the HMCS Haida destroyer ship, which is the last remaining example of the 27 Tribal Class destroyers built for the Canadian Navy. It is open seasonally for tours.
There is also the African Lion Safari, a drive- through wildlife park. It also has a water park, a playground, a scenic railway tour and a cruise aboard the "African Queen". There are also shows, such as Parrots Paradise, Elephant Round-up and Birds of Prey. Other places of interest would be, Copps Coliseum, The Royal Botanical Gardens, The Bruce Trail, and The Canadian Football Hall of Fame.
In the summer, there is Wild Water Works, located in Confederation Park. It offers a perfect place to spend a summer day. It is home to Canada's largest outdoor wave pool, filed with over a millon gallons of heated water that splash down every minute. Wild Water Works has 3 tube slides, The Knight Rider, Blue Demon and the Vertigo Side Winder, which all plunge into the Eazy River where you can soak up the sun. The Corkscrew and the Kamikaze are Wild Water Works six- storey body slides. Also home to Little Squirt Works for younger children, which includes a wading pool with computer-controlled sprays and mists, and a number of fountains.
For all the football lovers out there, come and watch the Hamilton Tiger Cats play at Ivor Wynne Stadium. The Stadium was built in 1930, and holds 30,000 people. Ivor Wynne Stadium has undergone many changes over the years, but the stadium has remained true to the original vision of an outdoor stadium. In fact, it is one of the few stadiums of its kind in North America and is a significant historical and cultural landmark of Hamilton-Wentworth.
McMaster University
McMaster University is named after Senator William McMaster. Orginally it was located in Toronto, then the University moved to Hamilton in 1930. McMaster University is one of the Top 100 Universities in the world. The school offers Business, Engineering, Health Sciences and Humanities, Social Sciences and a distinctive Arts and Science program. The campus has grown immensely since its move from Toronto. The original 6 buildings have been added to, all still in use today. There are a total of 56 buildings on campus. Buildings vary in age from Hamilton Hall (1926, oldest building on campus) to its new Business facilities finished in 2010 and located in Burlington. The largest building is the McMaster University Medical Centre. It is a multi-use research hospital that ranks among one of the largest public buildings in Canada. There are 2 smoke-free residence buildings also located on campus. There is also the McMaster University Student Centre (MUSC) center of student life, containing a cafe, and a large study space. It is a very large attractive campus, the interior of which is only open to cyclists and pedestrians. Nearby attractions include: Cootes Paradise, Bruce Trail, Niagara Escarpment, Waterfront Trail, and Royal Botanical Gardens. McMaster is also home to the McMaster Nuclear Reactor (MNR), a university- based research reactor that is today the only Canadian Medium Flux Reactor in a university environment. It is home to the McMaster Marauders since 1948. McMaster has a full sized Canadian football field, sometimes used as a training camp for the Hamilton Tiger Cats, and also a FIFA sized soccer pitch. Team sports include: baseball, basketball, football, lacrosse, rugby, soccer, volleyball, wrestling and water polo. Men's water polo is the most successful team at the provincial level and the Men's wrestling team is the most successful at the national level. McMaster has graduated 34 Olympic athletes, 8 Olympic coaches, 2 administrators, and 2 officials. Two members of McMaster University have been to space, faculty member Dafydd Williams, currently a physician scientist at McMaster Centre for Medical Robotics and astronaut Roberta Bondar, first woman in space. McMaster University has 21,173 full-time undergraduate students (2009-2010) and 3,025 full-time graduate students (2009-2010), 96 per cent of McMaster graduates are employed within two years.
Mohawk College
Mohawk College, founded in 1967, is named after Joseph Brant, Chief of the Mohawks. It was the first college in Canada to offer Co-Operative Education, which are work terms where students gain real-world and hands on learning. There are 107 full-time programs, 19 apprenticeship programs and more than 1,000 continuing education courses. Faculties include Schools of Arts, Science and Communications, School of Business, School of Engineering Technology, School of Health Sciences and School of Human Services. Mohawk has three campuses which are located in Hamilton, Stoney Creek and Brantford.
Fennell Campus
The Fennell Campus is Mohawk's largest Campus, and is located in Hamilton. It is home to programs such as Business, Human Services, Arts, Sciences, Communications and Engineering Technology. Mohawk is a member of Ontario College Athletic Association. Its gym facility includes two intramural basketball and volleyball courts, a badminton court and fitness areas with free weights and cardio equipment. There is a Health Clinic on campus available to staff and students with a full-time college physician and nursing staff. This campus has recently gone through Interior renovations including a new central atrium with great stair, student services centre, café, bookstore, and a two storey e-learning commons. Previously dark hallways have been renovated to admit natural light while making visual connections to surrounding streetscapes.
IAHS at McMaster University
1700 students attend Mohawk- McMaster Institute of Applied Health and Sciences, The first facility in Canada to combine college and university health sciences education under one roof. The IAHS is home to collaborative nursing and medical radiations science programs that have achieved the highest level of accreditation.
Hospitals in Hamilton
McMaster Children's Hospital
Services and Specialties available at McMaster Children's Hospital range from Paediatric inpatient services (medicine, surgery and all subspecialties ), paediatric intensive care, neonatal intensive care, paediatric oncology , outpatient specialty clinics, emergency services specializing in the care of children, nutrition , metabolism and exercise programs. MCH has 117 acute beds, including 57 in the Neonatal Intensive Care and Level II Nurseries and 8 in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. It also specializes in services for children with developmental, physical, communicative, behavioural and emotional problems.
Hamilton General Hospital
Hamilton General Hospital is a major teaching Hospital in downtown Hamilton. It is operated by Hamilton Health Sciences and is formally affiliated with McMaster University. The Hospital was founded in 1848 and became part of the HHS in 1996. It is also home to a rooftop Helipad. The David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute is a $100 million research centre that is home to more than 400 people. It was built right behind the Hamilton General, and was opened on March 11 2010. It has also added 250 new jobs to the local economy. David Braley contributed $10 million towards the project. He is the president of Orlick Industries (auto parts) and was former owner of the Hamilton Tiger Cats and is the current owner of the BC Lions and Toronto Argonauts.
Juravinski Hospital (Previously the Henderson Hospital)
By 1913 the General Hospital was overcrowded and wounded soldiers returning from WWI increased this problem. In April of 1917 a 100 bed veteran's hospital was built and was called Mount Hamilton Hospital. In 1918 a nurse's residence was added, and in1932 a maternity hospital was built. However due to the depression there was no more money to furnish it. The hospital finally opened in 1938 after 6 years of sitting empty. In 1954 the 332- bed Nora-Frances Henderson Convalescent Hospital was built on the same site. Nora Henderson, in 1931 became the first woman in Canada to be elected to City Board of Control and she served in Hamilton's City Council for 16 years and was an advocate for citizen rights. In 1962 Hamilton General Hospital amalgamated with the Henderson and Mount Hamilton Hospital to form Hamilton Civic Hospital. In 1965 the two adjacent hospitals were physically linked and renamed the Henderson General Hospital. In 2006 Hamilton Health Sciences Corp. decided to change the name to the Juravinski Hospital. The Juravinski Hospital provides acute inpatient and palliative care, diagnostic services and an educational environment to support the needs of cancer patients and the Juravinski Cancer Centre. Highly regarded Orthopaedic programs combine health care and research to offer patients a range of services dedicated to helping them prepare for and recover from joint replacement surgery.


text: There is a Belgian Beer bar on 43rd just to the east of Times Square that has nice fresh Belgian beers on tap, although mostly mainstream, and some really good appetizers. I'd never had better roasted mussels on the half shell.We went to Biererria (a Mario Battali restaurant and brew pub by the Flat Iron Bldg) last year. I have better beer at home, but the food and atmosphere were great.


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City G.O.P. chairs discuss 7 mayoral contenders, with an eye to avoiding 'divisive social issues'
Manhattan G.O.P. chair Dan Isaacs last night said he and his committee are scheduled to meet with supermarket magnate John Catsimatidis and former M.T.A. chair Joe Lhota in the next two weeks.
Isaacs was speaking after a meeting last night on Staten Island with the city's four other Republican county chairmen to see if they could unite behind a single mayoral candidate and avert a primary.
Story Continued Below
At last night's meeting, according to Isaacs, the chairs discussed "the political viability" of seven declared and potential Republican candidates.
The seven declared or potential Republican candidates he had in mind are Lhota, Catsimatidis, Joe Lhota, Doe Fund president George McDonald, local-newspaper publisher Tom Allon, former Bronx borough president Adolfo Carrion Jr., State Senator Malcolm Smith, and Rev. A.R. Bernard.
"Demonstratively speaking, you're not going to have much in the way of difference in substantive policies" among the Republican candidates, Isaacs said. "Being independent of the unions' agenda, we're all on board with that. ... All of our candidates are supportive of the policing policies of Ray Kelly."
The chairmen "focused tonight on the political aspects" of the candidates, Isaacs said. "Obviously we're outnumbered [and need to] attract independent and crossover Democrats. That's the only way we win this race."
According to Isaacs, the chairmen are evaluating the practicality of each candidate's path to victory: "How do you go about making this connection with voters? … That's what we're looking for."
Isaacs said one thing that could factor into how much emphasis they put on Lhota's positions in favor of pot legalization and gay marriage or, for that matter, Bernard's position against it.
"Social issues are not going to be in play here," he said. "I think we recognize that here in New York, to survive and thrive … we need to focus on economic issues, and not the social issues. Our campaigns are going to be won on that, not on divisive social issues."
(This may well be wishful thinking: In an appearance on New York 1 to advocate for Lhota, his former deputy, Rudy Giuliani got tied up talking about abortion and gay marriage, a legacy of the Romney-like contortions he went through in an awkward attempt to reconcile his history of social liberalism with the perceived demands of a Republican presidential primary. On New York 1, Giuliani, who is presumably done running for things, used the word "evolving.")
Isaacs said the economic agenda the Republican candidate pursues will be in sharp relief to whomever emerges from the crowded Democratic primary.
"To stand up to the influence of the unions, that's what is going to set the Republican candidate apart from the Democrat," he said.
He referred to George Pataki, the former three-term Republican governor of the state who won his last re-election, in part, by cutting a generous deal with 1199 SEIU.
Pataki, according to Isaacs, "became Democrat-light."
Republicans this year cannot do that, he said.
Then, underscoring his point, he cited a Democrat: "That's what it's about: it's the economy, stupid."


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A program or application that will work on any peripheral devices within a certain protocol is considered device independent.
Dialing a telephone number is a simple example of a device-independent action. All telephones operate under the same protocol. No matter what brand of telephone you use, you can always phone home. Device independence ensures that all internet-enabled devices — everything from your games console to a Web-surfing clock radio — will be able to communicate with each other in the future.Go Back to Top. Skip To: Start of Article.


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LIVINGSTON, Ala. - The Georgia Southwestern baseball team was swept in a Saturday afternoon doubleheader at West Alabama, 4-1 and 9-6. Hurricane batters struggled against UWA pitching, striking out 26 times while collecting only nine hits in the two games.
West Alabama broke a scoreless tie in the third inning when B.J. Smith scored from third on a passed ball.
The Tigers opened the game up in fifth with a pair of RBI singles, the first coming from Micah Reaves. After advancing to third on a sacrifice bunt, Reaves came around to score on a Matthew Magee double to left center.
GSW's lone run came in the sixth when John Duran scored from first on fielding error by the Tiger's left fielder.
UWA tacked on the final run in the bottom half of the inning.
Trent Franzago (0-1) suffered the loss for the Hurricanes after tossing 5 2/3 innings and allowing four runs - three earned - on six hits. He struck out seven and walked three. Cameron Blinn closed things out for GSW with 2 1/3 scoreless innings on the hill.
UWA starter Barry Meeks (1-0) threw six innings of two-hit ball. He struck out 12 and surrendered one unearned run. The Tiger pitching staff racked up 18 strikeouts overall in the opener.
A five-run opening frame paced West Alabama in the nightcap. The Tigers tallied six hits and capitalized on one GSW error in the inning.
UWA added a run in the second to extend the lead to six runs.
Another crucial GSW error led to two more runs for UWA in the fourth and the Tigers were ahead 8-0.
The Tigers final run came in the fifth off a sacrifice fly and was set up by a GSW passed ball.
In the sixth inning, it was the Hurricane's turn to capitalize on errors when two UWA miscues and a Gabby Ramirez double led to three GSW runs.
The Hurricanes added three more runs in the seventh when Ramirez struck again, this time with a two-RBI single to right. Zach Moss drove in the final run with a single to center.
GSW stranded eight men in Game 2, with five coming in the last two innings.
Matt Weaver (1-1) was the losing pitcher in the nightcap. He threw 2 1/3 innings, allowed eight hits and four earned runs.
Jessie Boyd (1-1) tossed 5 1/3 innings for UWA (2-4) and struck out six. He surrendered three hits and three unearned runs.
Ramirez and John Duran finished with two hits apiece for GSW (1-4) in the second game. Ramirez drove in four.
The two teams meet again on Sunday at 2 p.m. to wrap up the series.


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Manage virtual machine scale sets in availability zones
Azure Compute sample for managing virtual machine scale set -
- Create a zone resilient public ip address
- Create a zone resilient load balancer with - the existing zone resilient ip address - two load balancing rule which is applied to two different backend pools
- Create two zone redundant virtual machine scale set each associated with one backend pool
- Update the virtual machine scale set by appending new zone.
Running this Sample
To run this sample:
Set the environment variable
AZURE_AUTH_LOCATION with the full path for an auth file. See how to create an auth file.
git clone https://github.com/Azure-Samples/compute-dotnet-manage-vmss-in-availability-zones.git
cd compute-dotnet-manage-vmss-in-availability-zones
dotnet build
More information
Azure Management Libraries for C# Azure .Net Developer Center If you don't have a Microsoft Azure subscription you can get a FREE trial account here
This project has adopted the Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct. For more information see the Code of Conduct FAQ or contact firstname.lastname@example.com with any additional questions or comments.


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djhomeless necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 35 diseños de 16 diseñadores freelance.
Need a slick but clean design for my soon-to launch web application consultancy. Looking for a fast turnaround, but am willing to wait for the right design.
please ask
please ask
Desired Color Scheme:
open: very earth-friendly colors like soft blue or green
Desired Style:
Overall, it must be clean, simple, and be very web 2.0 friendly.
Accepted File Formats:
Logo: PNG or JPG - Business Card: PSD
A bit of detail about my design brief.
I am soon to launch a small web application consultancy and need a design that will match the ethos about my company (Please PM me for details about my business name).
The name itself of my company translates into chaos, or confusion. So in a way, the logo needs to be the opposite of that (ie clean and sleek). The business will be built around the creation of simplistic and efficient solutions for complex problems.
The only direction I ask is that you consider the very beta web design and the use of the butterfly as a logo. The butterfly relates to the chaos theory, and how the simple flap of a butterfly can have long ranging effects.
I am also looking to make contacts with web designers as well to use in this business. If applicable, please include a link to your web portfolio (only if you focus on Web 2.0/CSS-driven design).
Looking forward to the responses.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Katy Perry Pimps Popchips
The name Katy Perry is usually synonumous with candy, but not anymore! The California girl is now the face of Popchips. The newly single singer's ad campaign, which debuts September 1, features the incredibly fit artist posing with the snacks while dressed in athletic gear (perhaps by Adidas?) and form-fitting dresses. Never one to shy away from showing off her assets, or making them the butt of a joke, the Teenage Dream even posed with two bags held up to her chest with the tagline "nothing fake about 'em". Hilarious! Perhaps the cash from corn products is what allowed Katy to say no to a $20 million Idol offer.
Does Katy's new campaign make you hungry for a healthy snack? Tell us below or on Facebook and Twitter.


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John Campbell
location on Google Maps.
in new tab.
on social media.
As an independent professional advisor, I can offer you a personalized financial strategy, not a generic investment program. Your individual portfolio will be based on your unique situation, your attitudes, preferences and goals. It will be designed to account for change, both in the market and in your circumstances, so that it can work with you and for you at every stage of your life. My approach to investing is straightforward: I focus on becoming your partner in building the future you desire. As we work together, I will thoroughly explain the investment strategies recommended, so that you will be fully comfortable with all aspects of your investment program. Every decision we make will be focused on achieving the results you want. My mission is to help my clients achieve financial independence through professional advice, sound risk management, quality investment products, and personal, efficient service.
Business Hours
Monday 7:00 AM - 5:00 PM
Tuesday 7:00 AM - 5:00 PM
Wednesday 7:00 AM - 5:00 PM
Thursday 7:00 AM - 5:00 PM
Friday 7:00 AM - 5:00 PM


text:
Please complete the form below to submit your online Idaho Medical Savings Account (MSA) application. You will immediately receive a confirmation email with details as to how your application is being processed.
Due to your membership in the Mountain Central Association of Realtors, you qualify for a discounted annual fee of only $25.
If you leave the association or employer group through which you are entitled this discount, the standard $36 annual fee will be deducted from your account.
If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact our office and we would be more than happy to help you in any way we can.
Thank you for your business, and congratulations on your new Idaho MSA!
Important Information About Procedures for Opening a New Account: To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, Federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person who opens an account.
What This Means for You: When you open an account, we will ask for your name, address, date of birth, and other information that will allow us to identify you. We may also ask to see your driver's license or other identifying documents.
Joint Account Owner Information:
Adding a joint account owner is optional, however this person must be your spouse and a joint Idaho tax return must be filed.
Beneficiary Information:
In the event of your death, you name as your beneficiary:
Insurance Plan Information: (Optional)
Employer Information:
Tax Filing Status:
Acceptance of Terms:
By entering your initials below, you are indicating that you have read, understand, and agree to the terms and conditions.
Additionally you understand that a non-refundable $25 annual fee applies to this account. The initial annual fee will be pro-rated to the following April from the date of account opening and will be deducted from your account upon initial deposit. The full $25 annual fee will then be deducted on an annual basis every April for the life of the account.


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The amazingly talented photographer, Annie Frame
Love our graphic T-shirts? So do we! And we have an extra bonus for you… an interview with the photographer behind two of this season's T's: Annie Frame! Get to know this super cool Brooklyn based photographer in our exclusive interview with her below!
Tell us about yourself?
"I grew up in Boston, Massachusetts and moved to Brooklyn, New York five years ago to pursue art and find adventure."
What is your favorite photograph you have taken and why?
"I can't say I have a favorite, because it's always changing and there's just too many to choose from, but I always love photographing my friends above all else. [Mostly], the simple things, having picnics, going to shows, dancing, laughing, it's the little things in life, and the people you get to share it with."
What inspires your photography?
"Actually, movies and music inspire my photographs greatly. It really helps me get into a mood, and that makes me imagine me what I want the photo to look like. That and I walk around the city and meet new interesting people every day."
We featured two of your images on our graphic T-shirts this season; can you tell us the story behind the images and what it means to you to have these sold in AEO stores and online?
"First of all, absolutely thrilled to be on an AEO shirt! The first image, the one of two girls dancing was taken at a show that my friend's band was playing at. They were in the front having a lot of fun and they seemed so free. I asked them if it was okay for me to take their pictures and they said "sure!" Later I found out they were best friends, and were both professional dancers as well. The other image is of my cat. His name is "little man" and he looks grumpy all the time, but he secretly loves to snuggle."
{ L to R: Annie's photograph's on our Photo Real Graphic Tank and Photo Real Graphic T-shirt }
What's the best city you have visited and the top city on your bucket list?
"The best city I've ever visited is New York City. It was the best then; it's still the best now. But Tokyo, Japan is definitely top on my list to."
Tell us one thing about yourself that no one would guess about you?
"I play the drums and I love to dance. I even have a tattoo professing my love for these things."
To check out this season's graphic t-shirt collection, head to ae.com and to check out more of Annie's work, visit her website at annieframe.com.


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The Parabolical Ground Cooker is a parabolic cooker resting on the ground. This solar cooker has a truly parabolical shape wich can be clearly seen from the illustration to the right. The red line indicates where the angle of incidence equals 45 degree and the angle of reflection equals 45 degree. The yellow zone indicates where the angel of incidence is less than 45 degree and the sum of angle of incidence and angle of reflection is less than 90 degrees. Above the red line the sum of the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection is gradually increasing following the shape of a parabol. In this way all the sunlight that is hitting the reflector is reflected on to the hotpot indicated by the sylinder on the ground. The reflector is cut three times to allow for different angels of the sun. As the parabol is tilted forward, the focus will follow a path, an ark, but only small adjustment of the pot should be needed to stay in focus of the rays of the sun.
The advantage of the model is its simplicity, with no moving parts and no stand needed to hold the hot pot. As such it might be a candidate as one of the cheaper solar cooking models. It should be noted though that this model is just a conceptual design. It has not been constructed or tested.


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William T. Baxter THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
Abstract: The account charge and discharge system was a competitor of the dou-ble-entry accounting system and some of its features may give answers to some of the problems plaguing our present day accounting.
As I understand it, the medieval period had at least two account-ing systems running in parallel—the eventual winner, double-entry; and the account charge and discharge.
The latter was pre-eminently the system of stewardship. The steward was charged with the sums for which he was responsible (opening balance, plus receipts), and discharged of his legitimate payments; the end balance showed what he must hand over to his lord or keep in his charge for the next period.
The system had the enormous advantage, in an illiterate society, of not requiring written documents. If need be, it could be worked instead with an "exchequer"—lines on a table to act as columns for units, tens, scores, etc., and small pieces (like draughtsmen) to represent numbers. The petty official who handled the pieces at the English royal court was in time to blossom into the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Officers in attendance to check the steward's explanations did not read but heard them—hence "auditor".
Scottish Trust Accounts
The written account charge and discharge persisted in some stewardship dealings till well after the medieval period. Thus con-tractors to the British government were still using it—with Roman numbers—in the eighteenth century.1 And, curiously enough, I my-self was trained in it during my apprenticeship in Edinburgh; Scots law and accounting continued obstinately to prefer it, rather than double-entry, for various kinds of semi-legal reckoning such as
An excerpt the Haskins History Seminar paper on "Accounting's Roots—and Their Lingering Influence", The Academy of Accounting Historians, Atlanta, Georgia, April 1979.


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|2060.0 lb 934.0 kg
|Width - Machine Interface
|25.8 in 655.0 mm
|Lifting Eye Working Load Limit
|22.0 ton (US) 20.0 ton (US)
|Width - Attachment Interface
|17.0 in 433.0 mm
You can be confident attachments are connected properly, from engagement, while working to disengagement. From the operator's seat, visual and audible indicators help assure attachment is coupled. Your Cat excavator hydraulics, mechanisms inside the coupler, and digging forces all work together to assure the attachment stays engaged. The Cat Pin Grabber Coupler meets or exceeds applicable safety standards allowing you to work anywhere in the world: EN 474-1:2006 +A4:2014, ISO/DIS 13031.2:2014, Australian Standard AS4772-2008, WorkCover NSW Position Paper WC01158: "Supplying, installing and using semi-automatic quick hitches on excavators or backhoes".
Save time and extra costs associated with backfilling miles of trenches that are wider than necessary. Couplers narrower than the standard feature narrow pin bosses and shorter stick and link pins. This keeps the widest part of the coupler inside the digging width of your trenching buckets.
This coupler is weighted right to allow big bucket payloads. Coupler is sized right to maintain excellent breakout force and digging power.
Handle material, compact soil, break rocks, and so much more. Take on new jobs. Expand your new business opportunities.
One excavator can share a variety of attachments with similar size excavators. Managing your assets just got a little easier.
Operator changes attachments in seconds, not minutes. You get back to work sooner, for less down time.
The Cat Pin Grabber Coupler is easy to activate, easy to engage, easy to disengage. Operating procedures are simple and easy to learn. It's the easiest way to improve productivity on every job site.


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Studio Bel Vetro Creates Upscale Blown Glass Lighting
Chatting About Jellyfish Pendants, Blown Bauble Chandeliers and More With Studio Bel Vetro
Chatting About Jellyfish Pendants, Blown Bauble Chandeliers and More With Studio Bel Vetro
Lisa Spinelli and Paulo DeLima, the artistic forces between Studio Bel Vetro, a custom-made glass lighting studio, met in a rather fairy-tale-worthy manner. Lisa recalls, "I was taking a glassblowing class and Paulo nonchalantly walked into the studio. It turned out he was the studio manager there and also a teacher. It was love at first sight."
Fast forward a few years, and Lisa and Paulo's beautifully blown chandeliers and pendants now grace a number of upscale residences and businesses, including the W Hotels and Guess, Inc. Lisa started her career as a professional ballet dancer and spent time as a photographer before finding her calling with Studio Bel Vetro. Paulo has been blowing glass for 10 years, and has taught this art extensively. The duo recently gave me a peek at their amazing work, and chatted with me about their amazing lighting designs.


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About Upcoming Dates (as of January 1st, 2019)
At the direction of Bishop Basil, please be informed that this calendar is a general guide for your planning purposes.
The most accurate service times may be found in the weekly announcements following Divine Liturgy or Typika, as well as the Weekly Bulletin (also available online).
The Website calendar will be updated with any new information as it becomes available.


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Our outdoor collections are American Made and created from durable, high density, recycled materials that are completely maintenance free—they will not rust, rot, or need painted. Whether it's for dining or lounging, the entire collection is available in a wide variety of fade resistant color options so you can create the perfect outdoor setting of your very own.
Outdoor Collection
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Clearance Collection
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Fill out this form and a salesperson will contact you about the piece of furniture above within the next 24 hours.


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Apple proudly announced that its App Store topped 2 billion downloads (excluding app updates) in a little over 14 months of its existence. This includes the more than half a billion downloads added in this quarter alone. Over the past two weeks the store has averaged 555 new app arrivals a day and 11 million downloads.
The App Store, Apple's mobile application bazaar for the iPhone and iPod touch software, has amassed over two billion downloads since it launched in July 10 of 2008, the Cupertino-based Mac maker announced via a press release.
Apple calls the App store "the largest applications store in the world" and says that a whopping 125,000 developers now participate in the iPhone Developer Program.
Apple also revealed that the App Store now serves over 85,000 applications to the more than 50 million iPhone and iPod touch units that have been sold to date. The store operates in 77 countries worldwide and lists the offering in 20 categories, Apple said. Despite the fact that the company doesn't divulge app sales by category, Apple watchers are convinced that games are the biggest money-maker in the App Store.
Read more in Apple's press release.
Christian's Opinion
Comparing the latest numbers with a couple of previous data points gives us a better overview. Apple told us that the App Store broke the 1 billion download milestone on April 23, just nine months into its existence. The store carried 35,000 apps at the time. Less than three months later (more precisely, on July 13, or 81 days later), Apple released another data point: 65,000 apps and half a billion new downloads. Then Steve Jobs revealed at the September 9 iPod event that the store had 75,000 apps and 1.8 billion downloads, stressing for the first time that the download count doesn't include application updates.
This means that in the period between April 23 and July 13 the App Store added 30,000 new apps and half a billion downloads, translating into an average rate of 370 app submissions a day and 6.17 million downloads a day, respectively.
The App Store performance dropped a bit over the summer: In the 57 days between July 14 and September 9 the App Store added 10,000 new apps and 300 million new downloads, or an average of 175 app submissions a day and 5,26 million downloads a day, respectively.
However, the App Store has rebounded sharply ahead of the holiday season. In the 18 days between September 9 and today's press release, developers have posted 10,000 new apps and the download count has increased by 200 million new downloads. This translates into an average of 555 app submissions a day (Apple approved 1,400 apps in just one day) and 11 million downloads a day, respectively, based on 50 million iPhone and iPod touch devices in the wild. Go figure.


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You are watching: Flcl
A 12-year old boy named Naota one day meets a strange woman, riding a Vespa and wielding a big guitar. As soon as she appears, mysterious things start happening.
Genres: Animation, Action, Comedy, Drama, Fantasy, Sci-Fi
Actor: Jun Mizuki, Mayumi Shintani, Izumi Kasagi, Suzuki Matsuo
Director: N/A
Country: Japan
Movie: Flcl
Production Co:
Duration: 151 min
Release: 2000–2018


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Once built, a raised bed garden makes it easier to plant earlier in the spring without having to till a garden.
If you are reading this well after Memorial Day, and you are wishing you had planted a vegetable garden this spring, but think now it is too late, you are in luck. It is not too late to plant a vegetable garden and reap an abundant harvest.
With a few adjustments from the traditional approach of planting earlier in the spring when you believe there will be no more frost in the garden, you can enjoy late-planted vegetables.
Here are some tips for a late-planted vegetable garden.
Tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, squash and green beans can all be planted late and still produce a good harvest.
Forget cool-season vegetables
Cool-season vegetables include cabbage (Brassica oleracea), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), plus lettuces (Lactuca sativa), spinaches (Spinacia oleracea), peas (Pisum sativum) and radishes (Raphanus sativus).
Some vegetable varieties, such as 'Basket Boy' tomatoes are ideal for growing in containers and can be purchased well into the growing season.
These crops should have been planted well before the last frost, and they will quickly fade out as the days get warmer. Even if you still find plants for these vegetables for sale, don't be tempted to buy them and plant them late. Just make a note to plant earlier next year. Of course, if you bought plants earlier and just never planted them, go ahead and plant them now. You may still get a small harvest before they bolt and send up a flower stalk.
Check number of days to harvest
Look at the days to harvest on the seed packets. Since you are planting late, you are no longer concerned about the last frost of the spring. You should figure when your first frost is historically likely to happen. Then count back from that date to see how many days are left in the growing season.
Many vegetables, including snap or green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) and summer squash (Cucurbita pepo), need as few as 50 days from seed sowing to produce their first crop. These are good choices for late sowing in the garden. You can also still sow seeds for beets (Beta vulgaris) and carrots (Daucus carota sativus).
Forget the idea of growing vegetables like winter squashes (Cucurpita sp.), muskmelons (Cucumis melo) and pumpkins (Cucurbita maxima), which in some cooler years need every day from the last frost of spring to the first frost of fall to produce a worthwhile crop. For other in-between crops, which usually need 60 or 80 days to harvest such as sweet corn (Zea mays), choose an earlier-ripening variety.
Setting up a stock tank planter takes a bit of time, but it will make it easier to quickly plant in future years.
Raised beds to the rescue
Buy bigger plants
Start off with bigger plants of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), peppers (Capsicum annuum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena) to plant in the garden. Many of these vegetables are purchased as seedlings in the springtime or started from seeds indoors six weeks or so before they can be planted outside. If you are planting well after Memorial Day, look for plants that have been potted up to grow in bigger containers and plant those in your garden. Avoid seedlings that have been languishing on the garden center shelves in their original small pots. They won't take off suddenly in your late planted garden.
Containers like SmartPots are ideal for growing vegetables and take little time to fill and plant.
Grow vegetables in large pots
Grow your vegetables in large containers. If you missed what you thought was the window of opportunity to start a vegetable garden because you didn't have an area tilled up and ready to plant, and still don't have time to prepare a garden for planting, set up a container garden.
There are many options for container gardens, ranging from large plastic pots to specialty growing pots, such as SmartPots (smartpots.com). These specialty pots are made out of a heavy, breathable fabric that encourages better root growth, which in turn grows a stronger plant.
Or consider something even larger and more permanent using galvanized stock tanks. In areas where the soil is poor but there is plenty of sunlight, these are a good option to consider.
Regardless of which container you use, use a good soil mix to grow the vegetables in, and remember to fertilize and water regularly. Some container-grown vegetables might need to be watered every day during the hottest days of the summer, so put the containers in a location where it is convenient to water them.
Also, look for varieties of vegetables that are labeled as "patio" or otherwise suitable for containers. These are becoming more common in the garden centers each year.
A version of this article appeared in a May/June 2016 print edition of State-by-State Gardening.
Photography courtesy of Carol Michel and Court's Yard and Greenhouse.


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David Lee Roth's Uncle Manny Roth, Owner of Famous Cafe Wha?, Dies at 95
Manny Roth, who owned the famous Greenwich Village nightclub Cafe Wha? and was also the uncle of David Lee Roth, has died. He was 95.
"Uncle Manny has passed away," Roth wrote on his website. "He was 95 years old. He was happy, laughing and smiling right up 'til the end. His presence already missed. His contributions with us forever."
Roth opened the Cafe Wha? at 115 MacDougal Street in 1959. This coincided with the rise of Greenwich Village as the epicenter of the folk music boom. Bob Dylan reportedly performed there the night he first arrived in New York City in Jan. 1961, and Mary Travers was a waitress before becoming one-third of Peter, Paul and Mary. The club was also a place for stand-up comedians like Woody Allen, Bill Cosby and Richard Pryor to perform in the days before dedicated comedy clubs.
In 1966, Animals bassist Chas Chandler saw a band called Jimmy James and the Blue Flames on stage at the Cafe Wha?. Impressed by the frontman, Chandler convinced James to allow him to manage him and move to England. James agreed, and Jimi Hendrix was born.
Roth sold the Cafe Wha? in 1968. For nearly 20 years it served, under a different name, as a club featuring mostly Middle Eastern music. However, in 1987, it was sold again, and the new owner — a friend of the Roth family — restored the name and brought rock music back to the club, installing a house band five nights a week.
But even though the Roth family was no longer involved in the club, it still meant something to Manny Roth's nephew. On Jan. 5, 2012, Van Halen celebrated the release of their 2012 album 'A Different Kind of Truth' with a special concert at the venue. Ten months later, David spoke about the club, and his uncle, on an episode of his video podcast 'The Roth Show,' which is embedded below.
Watch David Lee Roth Talk About the Cafe Wha?


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Jávea beach on a windy day.
Jávea beach on a windy day.
Marina Alta is a comarca in the province of Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain.
The inner of the comarca is mountainous, the landscape is formed gorges , valles and cultivated areas. Almond trees and cherry trees are the most common crops. La Vall de Alcalà, la Vall de Gallinera, La Vall d'Ebo y la Vall de Laguar are the most knowns valleys in the inner, near the border between Alicante and Valencia. On the coast the are some of the best coves and beaches of Alicante province.The Peñón d'Ifach, The mars of Pego-Oliva


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The History of Vietnamese-Australian Migration
Police search grounds of "Boronia Gardens" block of units in McBurney Street, Cabramatta, after Tri Minh Tran's murder, 1995 (Newspix).
7 AUGUST – In August 1995, Tri Minh Tran, leader of the most high-profile 'street gang' in Cabramatta, known as the 5T, was murdered in his apartment in McBurney Road, by unknown gunmen.
The 5T's main activities consisted of extortion, home invasion and heroin dealing.
With the death of Tri, the heroin problem in Cabramatta worsened. The number of dealers multiplied and street violence increased, as they fought each other for control of the heroin trade.
Park Rd looking toward John St, Cabramatta, 1970 (Fairfield City Library).
AUGUST - In August that year, a further group of refugees arrived in Australia, having fled by their own means from Portuguese East Timor to Darwin. By September 1975, this group had swollen to 1355 persons, many of whom were accommodated at the Cabramatta Migrant Hostel17.
The area around Cabramatta contained three migrant hostels where many Vietnamese refugees stayed until they got on their feet. Most found their first jobs in Western Sydney's manufacturing sector and once they were able to move into homes in the private rental market, stayed in the area18.
17 Senate Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade (1976) Australia and the Refugee Problem. December 1976.
18 www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics
John Howard on the campaign trail, 1996 (National Archives of Australia).
By 1996, Vietnamese immigration had effectively ceased, following tough new rules on family re-union made by the Howard government (elected in 1996)44.
Meanwhile, the CCC Needle & Syringe Exchange Program was distributing clean needles to an average of 80-100 drug users per day45.
44 http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/
45 Collie, J. (2005) History of the CCC. Cabramatta Community Centre, NSW.
A British mother and her son stand outside a row of Nissen huts at Cabramatta Hostel, circa 1960 (Fairfield City Library).
The 'White Australia Policy' (Immigration Restriction Act 1901) intentionally restricted the migration of 'non-white' people to Australia from 1901 until the early-1970s.
It was gradually abolished after the Second World War, but an emphasis on European migration remained until 1966, when the government allowed the migration of 'distinguished' non-Europeans3. These migrants were expected to 'assimilate' and to shed their existing cultural identities when they came to Australia.
In 1973, the Whitlam government removed the last vestiges of the policy by dropping all references to race as a criterion for immigration4, and replacing the policy of 'assimilation' with that of 'multiculturalism'. However, migration rates at the time were kept low and the new policy had yet to be tested by large-scale migration5.
3 https://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/people_culture.html
4 http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/08abolition.htm 5 http://www.apa.org.au/upload/2000-5A_Lopez.pdf
How strange to know that the White Australia policy wasn't fully removed until 1973. That's 2 years after I arrived in Sydney from Saigon, and 2 years just before the Vietnam War ended and the arrival of Vietnamese refugees began. But Vietnamese are now a deep part of Australia's richly diverse landscape, contributing so much. Two former Young Australians of the Year have been Vietnamese. We bring much social and cultural richness, through our stories, working lives, creative explorations and charity work. We might have lost much, but never our courage and heart.
Troops of 1st Battalion Royal Australian Regiment move though paddy field after, being dropped by American helicopters during a search and destroy mission Vietnam, 1967 (National Archives of Australia).
The Vietnam War (1955-75) was fought between communist North Vietnamese forces and the American-backed South Vietnamese government1. This conflict was preceded by the First Indochina War, which ousted French colonial rule (1946-54).
Australia was involved in the conflict from 1962 until 1975 (although its role was predominately diplomatic after 1971), and it was to be the longest war in Australia's military history. Almost 60,000 Australians served in Vietnam; 521 died as a result of the war and over 3,000 were wounded2.
1 http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/fact-sheets/fs243.aspx
2 http://www.awm.gov.au/atwar/vietnam.asp
I remember 1954 as the year that my country was divided into two. My family migrated from North to South. I was only 6 years old but what happen in Vietnam affected the rest of my life. In my 20s I was fighting in the army for 6 years, caught by the communist and suffered another 6 years in the re-education camps. I always dreamed of becoming a teacher but, like I others, was a part of a lost generation.
Pauline Hanson at the Shamrock Hotel, Bendigo, Victoria, July 1998 (National Library of Australia).
11 APRIL – In April 1997, right-wing politician, Pauline Hanson together with her senior advisor David Oldfield, formed the controversial 'One Nation Party'. Their main platform was anti-immigration and anti-multiculturalism. In particular, she mobilized the discourse around Asian gangs and criminality to justify her position that Australia should put a stop to Asian immigration46.
46 http://australianpolitics.com/parties/onenation/
Pauline Hanson, a supposedly hardworking fish and chip shop from Ipswich in south east Queensland, inserted herself in the national political picture of Australia by demonising Asians and their hard work ethic. In the process of racialising whole communities and playing on the politics of fear, Hanson actually ironically strengthened the resolve of communities in Cabramatta to show a different side to her flawed narrative.
In late March 1975, the Australian goverment used seven RAAF C130 aircrafts to evacuate more than 100 South Vietnamese civillians from the refugee camp at An Thoi (Australian War Memorial).
30 APRIL - Saigon (the capital of South Vietnam) fell when the North Vietnamese Army invaded the city, capturing the presidential palace. This action marked the official end of the Vietnam War10.
The fall of Saigon initially triggered the flight of up to 150,000 South Vietnamese to overcrowded refugee camps in surrounding countries11. In the years that followed the war, two million people sought to escape the country as conditions worsened12
The scale of the crisis prompted the Australian Senate's Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence, to begin an investigation of how Australia should respond13.
10 http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/fact-sheets/fs243.aspx
11 Hawthorne, Lesleyanne, 1982 Refugee, the Vietnamese experience / edited by Lesleyanne Hawthorne Oxford University Press, Melbourne
12 http://vietnam-war.commemoration.gov.au/aftermath/
13 http://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/
1975 was when the communist took over Vietnam. I was 20, I was still studying and we knew we lost when the soldiers charged into the Saigon city and told over the all the buildings. From that point our future was uncertain.
RAAF crew feed Vietnamese orphans during second flight of 'Operation Babylift', 1975 (Australian War Memorial).
4 AND 17 APRIL - In the last month of the Vietnam war, as American forces were leaving Vietnam, more than 3000 Vietnamese babies were airlifted from orphanages and adopted by couples in the US, Canada, Britain, Europe and Australia.
Some 270 of these children were brought to Australia on two RAAF flights on the 4 and 17 of April8. Although many Westerners saw the operation as a humanitarian necessity, some Vietnamese saw it as kidnapping, as some of the children were not in fact orphans9.
8 http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/fact-sheets/fs243.aspx
9 Film Australia National Interest Program (2005) Operation Babylift: Teachers Notes. National Film & Sound Archive, Australia
Operation Babylift was Australia's greatest humanitarian project of all time, I am proud to be part of it, without it my life would be somewhat different. Despite the challenges I faced growing up & still do today, I am proud to be an Australian Vietnamese!
Phuong Ngo, during his period of service as a Fairfield City Council Alderman, 1991 (Fairfield City Library).
13 MARCH – In March 1998, former Labor MP Phuong Ngo was arrested for the murder of John Newman. The arrest sent shockwaves through the Vietnamese community, as Ngo was largely seen as a community leader48.
Ngo had come to Australia as a refugee from Vietnam in 1981 and become a prominent businessman in the Cabramatta community.
He had established the Mekong Club, a community club providing employment opportunities for local Vietnamese.
In 1991, he became an independent councilor and, in 1993, joined the ALP, but he was not eligible for pre-selection in 1994 election.
48 Priest, T. (2010) On Deadly Ground: The Assassination of John Newman MP. New Holland Publishers Australia
Proclamation of Racial Discrimination Act by Immigration Minister, Mr Al Grassby, 1975 (National Archives of Australia).
11 JUNE - The Racial Discrimination Act was finally passed by Parliament after three failed attempts - subsequently allowing Australia to ratify the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD), to which it had been a signatory since 19666.
This Act outlaws discrimination and or vilification of an individual on the grounds of race, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin, and immigration status7.
6 Making Multicultural Australia Key Events and the Racial Discrimination Act. Race Discrimination Commissioner, Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission State of the Nation 1995 - A Report on People of Non-English Speaking Backgrounds Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1995, pp 289-292.
7 http://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/know-your-rights-racial-discr...
Australia provided aid to Vietnamese civilians both during and after the war. In this picture Australian soldiers watch young boys eating food donated to the Dong Chua Orphanage, Saigon, 1967 (National Archives of Australia).
The Vietnamese refugee crisis prompted an international humanitarian response, to which Australia committed support. Australia's treaty obligations and involvement in the war meant it had a moral obligation to assist the refugees14. However, the government was initially reluctant to accommodate large numbers of refugees, choosing instead to provide aid.
In 1975, Australia gave refuge to 748 Vietnamese people selected from camps in Guam, Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia15. These were mostly elite Vietnamese, Chinese Businessmen and Catholics who faced severe reprisals from the new government16.
14 http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/library/media/Timeline-Commentary/
15 Senate Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade (1976) Australia and the Refugee Problem. December 1976.
16 http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/
Cabramatta Police Station, 1992 (Fairfield City Library).
16 JUNE – In 2000, Cabramatta was ranked 51st out of 80 Local Area Commands using the police reporting system known as the Crimes Index, supposedly making it safer than North Shore commands like Roseville, which ranked 38th.
This was largely due to the fact that the Crimes Index did not include drug offences or violent crimes, and was therefore misleading. The figures resulted in the Cabramatta police department being seriously under resourced during one of the darkest periods in its policing history49.
49 New South Wales. Parliament. Legislative Council. General Purpose Standing Committee No. 3 (2001) Report on Inquiry into Cabramatta Policing. PARLIAMENTARY PAPER NUMBER 864. July
Steve Carter, Migrant Officer at a Malaysian Vietnamese refugee camp, deals with applications from those seeking refuge in Australia, 1979 (National Archives of Australia).
DECEMBER – In 1976, the Senate's Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence published its report, 'Australia and the Refugee Problem.' The committee found that the Department of Immigration had failed to adequately assist the refugees.
The reports 44 recommendations marked the beginning of a new thinking which transformed the national refugee program22.
The census that year, the first to record Vietnamese born people separately, showed there were 2,427 Vietnamese foreign-nationals living in Australia23.
Over the next ten years, 94,000 refugees from Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam settled in Australia24.
22 http://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/
23 http://www.dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/vietnamese
24 http://vietnam-war.commemoration.gov.au/aftermath/
Ross May, dressed in a Nazi uniform attempts to disrupt a Labor party rally at Hyde Park in Sydney, 1975 (Newspix).
As the numbers of refugees arriving on boats increased, a group called 'National Action', under the leadership of self-proclaimed neo-Nazi, Ross May, organized demonstrations at migrant centres in the Cabramatta area, protesting against the 'Asian invasion'27.
27 http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/
July 23, 2000, Drug Paraphernalia at Hughes Street Park in Cabramatta (Newspix)
26 June – In June 2000, Thang received a letter from Year 6 students at Cabramatta West Public School, drawing his attention to the playground in Hughes Street near which most of the kids lived50.
They told him that they couldn't play there because there were too many syringes on the ground, they had been approached by addicts and had seen addicts overdosing on the playground "with their lips turning purple and stuff coming out of their mouths".
Thang sent out a release to the media and the response was immediate.
Following the incident, more people in the Vietnamese community began to come to him with their grievances and the community began to find a voice.
50 http://www.thangngo.com/rls%20kids.htm
A small group of year 6 students, from a variety of backgrounds, wrote to the local council as the result of a unity on Government. Students spoke of their concerns of drug activity near their homes and in the local park.I validated their concerns and we spoke about possible solutions. Students were told that they or their parents were able to talk to their politicians and that it was safe to do so. They decided that they would like to write a letter to the local council and this became the focus of their lessons. We spent a great deal of time discussing their fears and worries. Their letter was posted to the local council and one member took the time to reply to the students. They felt proud that their letter was the catalyst for action. They came in excitedly when they saw the changes that took place in their park.
Four fishing boats bring refugees to Darwin, 1977 (National Archives of Australia).
26 APRIL – On 26 April, five Vietnamese refugees came directly to Australia by boat to seek asylum. Landing in Darwin Harbour in a 17-metre fishing vessel, they were Australia's first 'boat people'19.
Another 55 boats would follow in the next six years, carrying about 2000 Vietnamese refugees, a small proportion of Australia's overall intake20. Many others died making the perilous journey on unseaworthy vessels, in severe storms or were attacked by pirates21.
19 http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/
20 http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exhibition/
21 http://www.refugeecouncil.org.au
Vietnamese refugees arrive in Canberra, 1979 (National Archives of Australia).
In Geneva in 1979, following negotiations between the Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the Vietnamese Government agreed to forcibly constrain unregulated boat departures, but permit an Orderly Departure Program (ODP) in which Vietnamese were permitted to apply to migrate to specific countries28.
28 http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/
My family stayed back in Vietnam. We had little choice and freedom and I dreamed of leaving to Australia to join my husband. I finally came and settled into Cabramatta. It was a new place but with familiar faces. I was still homesick and longed for my daughter left in my country to join me.
Bob Carr at Cabramatta police station (Newspix)
MARCH - In March 2001, Bob Carr announced expanded police powers aimed at combating the drug trade, including powers of search and arrest that would assist police to penetrate the drug houses.
Police could now arrest people for being in the vicinity of a drug house or for being on a premises where drugs were sold. Using these powers police was able to make significant arrests and gradually dealers began moving out of Cabramatta.
Women and children in cabin on the boat from Vietnam, Darwin, November 1977 (National Library of Australia).
OCTOBER – The 'Australian Refugee Advisory Council' was established to recommend improvements in the way the country dealt with an increasing number of refugees29.
29 http://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/
The foundation meeting of the Refugee Council of Australia (RCOA) was held on 19 November 1981. The meeting was convened by Major General Paul Cullen, then president of Austcare, and included representatives from Austcare, the Australian Council of Churches, the Federation of Australian Jewish Welfare Societies, Lutheran World Federation, Save the Children, St Vincent de Paul and World Vision. The following afternoon, RCOA's Constitution was presented for adoption at a public meeting with 41 people present. On 25 November, a delegation of four RCOA members met with then Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs, Ian Macphee, in the first of many meetings between RCOA and senior Ministers to discuss the community sector's ideas and concerns about Australia's approach to supporting refugees. Today, RCOA has around 150 organisational and 550 individual members and continues to promote the development of humane, lawful and constructive policies towards refugees and asylum seekers by Australian and other governments and their communities.
These signs point to the range of services made available to the community by the centre, 1981 (Fairfield City Library).
In 1981, the work of SEACA was formally recognized by the Department of Youth and Community Services and it was funded as a Migrant Neighbourhood Centre, the first in NSW.
The organization continued to expand its services and changed its name to Cabramatta Community Centre.
Over the decade from 1981 to 1991, the average Vietnamese intake stood at around 8,000 per year32.
30 http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/
The changes implemented by Cabramatta police following the report's release, have improved the relationship between police and the community (Fairfield City Library).
JULY – In July 2001, the Inquiry published its findings in a report that heavily critiqued the Crime Index reporting system and highlighted the police's failure to engage with the community.
It made 25 recommendations on Policing in Cabramatta, these included providing interpreters, raising the proportion on non-English speaking officers and undertaking cultural training55, which has improved the relationship between the Cabramatta community and its police force.
55 New South Wales. Parliament. Legislative Council. General Purpose Standing Committee No. 3 (2001) Report on Inquiry into Cabramatta Policing. PARLIAMENTARY PAPER NUMBER 864. July
The Cabramatta Civic Centre on Railway Pd, 1971 (Fairfield City Library).
By the end of 1979, the Carramar Activity Group had realized that the needs of recently arrived refugees required the establishment of a formal organization.
They made an application for funding to the Department of Immigration, which was granted in 1980, and the group moved into an office in the Cabramatta Civic Centre30.
During 1980, 12,915 Vietnamese refugees arrived in Australia - the second largest intake of any year31.
30 http://www.refugeecouncil.org.au
31 Collie, J. (2005) History of the CCC. Cabramatta Community Centre, NSW.
Vietnamese refugees board plane for Australia, 1979 (National Archives of Australia).
By 1982, 55,000 Vietnamese refugees had been resettled in Australia33.
In that year, the Australian Government began admitting Vietnamese refugees under the Orderly Departure Program, largely focusing on reuniting refugees with their relatives who were already in Australia.
33 http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/
Khoa Do becomes Young Australian of the Year
Khoa Do is a film director, screenwriter, professional speaker and philanthropist.
In 2005, he received the Young Australian of the Year Award for his services in drama and working with youths in south-west Sydney.
A Vietnamese refugee, he arrived in Sydney with his family in 1980.
He has made five films, including a film about three youths in Cabramatta, called 'The Finished Peoples', the subject of much critical acclaim56.
56 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoa_Do
Park Rd, Cabramatta in the early 1980's (Fairfield City Library).
Between 1981 and 1986 the number of Vietnamese refugees living in Cabramatta more than doubled, from 3,800 to 9,40035.
An increasing number of Vietnamese and Chinese businesses began operating in Cabramatta, largely to service the needs of the growing migrant community and the suburb began to take on an 'Asian character'.
Over the years, many migrants from south-east Asia have made Cabramatta their new home. Our residents and businesses have proudly brought with us our distinct culture, variety of different food and unique way of life from Vietnam, China and across Asia. We invite you to come to the Cabramatta CBD and see for yourself!
Refugees were employed by lawn mower manufacturing firm Victa in Canberra, 1979 (National Archives of Australia).
After initial success finding jobs in the manufacturing sector in western Sydney, Vietnamese Australians were hit hard by the restructuring of the 1980s, particularly in the auto and garment industries.
Subsequently they suffered some of the highest rates of unemployment of any group in the nation through the 1980s and 1990s (over 30 percent)34.
34 http://www.dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/vietnamese
Ulla Bartels, founder of the Carramar Activity Group gave the refugees free English classes in her home. Here she is pictured receiving the Australia Day Citizens Award in Fairfield, 1982 (Fairfield City Library).
In 1978, 5,400 Vietnamese refugees arrived in Australia25. Many arrived having suffered severe trauma from war, torture, starvation and family separation. Most spoke little or no
As the numbers of refugees increased, the limited welfare services available at the time were unprepared to deal with their needs.
Cabramatta community volunteers formed the Carramar Activity Group to provided basic support services like childcare and English classes to the new arrivals, without government funding.
25 http://www.dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/vietnamese
26 Collie, J. (2005) History of the CCC. Cabramatta Community Centre, NSW
Dai Le runs as the Liberal candidate for the seat of Cabramatta
In 2011, Vietnamese born, Dai Le, ran against Labor MP Nick Lalich for the Cabramatta seat in the NSW state election.
The former ABC journalist mounted a formidable challenge in the normally safe Labor seat and lost by a very small margin – receiving 47.9 per cent of the votes after preferences57.
Le left Vietnam with her mother and sister after the Fall of Saigon, when she was only 11 years old. They eventually came to Australia and settled in Cabramatta58.
57 http://www.abc.net.au/elections/nsw/2011/guide/cabr.htm
58 http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/
Dai Le transformed the political landscape in Cabramatta. Cabramatta was a very safe Labor seat, with a swing of more than 30%. As a Vietnamese refugee, Dai Le connected with the local population, she shared their story, their concerns and their hopes. Dai Le showed that no seat is inherently safe and that no voter is inherently Labor or Liberal. Dai Le crossed the political boundary and captured the imagination of a community. Dai Le achieved a 29% overall swing since the October 2008 by-election, making Cabramatta one of the most marginal seats in New South Wales today.
John Newman (centre) during his time as an Alderman for Fairfield Council, with Mrs Kathy Collins (left) and Mr Bernie Creach (right), Fairfield, NSW (Fairfield City Library).
In 1986, Labor MP John Newman, won the State seat of Cabramatta and would hold it for three successive elections.
Newman, a migrant of Austrian-Croatian descent, changed his surname from Naumenko by deed poll in 1972.
He grew up in the Cabramatta area and was elected to Fairfield council in 1977, where he remained an alderman for 10 years.
He was also Deputy Mayor from 1985-86 and served as Acting Mayor in 198637.
37 Priest, T. (2010) On Deadly Ground: The Assassination of John Newman MP. New Holland Publishers Australia
Historian Geoffrey Blainey at a Constitutional Convention, 1998 (National Library of Australia).
At first, the Australian public was sympathetic to the cause of Vietnamese refugees, but as their numbers increased, so did fears of an 'Asian invasion'.
In 1984, Melbourne University's Professor Blainey initiated a debate in the media over the scale and pace of Asian immigration and its potential detrimental effects on social cohesion, which has become known as the "Blainey Debate".
However, the refugees continued arriving at a steady rate and between 1986 and 1991, 44,984 Vietnamese arrived in Australia36.
36 http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/
Portrait of Opposition Leader John Howard, 1986 (National Library of Australia)
AUGUST – In 1988, the Liberal party, under the leadership of then Opposition leader, John Howard, launched the 'One Australia Policy', which urged that Asian immigration be reduced for the sake of social cohesion38.
38 http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/
The front page of the Telegraph Mirror newspaper shows Newman's wife as she talks to police after the shooting (Newspix).
5 SEPTEMBER – In September 1994, John Newman was shot outside his home, in what would come to be known as Australia's first political assassination.
From that point on, Cabramatta found itself perpetually in the shadow of negative publicity. The tabloid press began calling it 'the heroin capital of Sydney', referring to the Cabramatta train as the 'junkie express'.
His controversial death sparked a four-year investigation – during which many assumed he had been the latest victim of Cabramatta's 'Asian gangs'.
Reba Meagher was appointed to replace Newman in the seat, later winning it in her own right at the State election in October43.
43 Priest, T. (2010) On Deadly Ground: The Assassination of John Newman MP. New Holland Publishers Australia.
It was like a real turning point for Cabramatta. The 80s and early 90s saw law and order issue problems developing in Cabramatta and Newman was the only one getting attention from parliament. He was constantly trying to get action done and trying to clean up Cabramatta. All the efforts after was a bandage solution.
Two suspected drug dealers, known as 'Chinas', sit in Cabramatta shopping mall waiting for customers, 1995 (Newspix).
In 1989, John Newman warned the NSW State Parliament that 'Asian gangs' had a foothold in Cabramatta.
"The Asian gangs involved don't fear our laws. But there's one thing they do fear and that's possible deportation back to the jungles of Vietnam, because that's where, frankly, they belong"39.
Newman would become a frequent spokesperson on the issue 'Asian gangs' in the media, however little changed for the local community which was increasingly affected by street crime.
39 http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/stories/s321466.htm
Senior Constable Chris Hughes arrests suspected 5T gang member, Van Ngoc Nguyen of Granville, after a chase in Cabramatta, during "Operation Puccini", 1997 (Newspix).
JULY - In 1997, Bob Carr announced that his government was going to 'clean-up' Cabramatta. Under the new police commissioner Peter Ryan, "Operation Puccini" was launched in July, with the intention of swamping Cabramatta's streets with hundreds of police officers applying 'zero tolerance' to crime47.
In the short term, the operation appeared to be a success producing a high volume of arrests. However, such policing was expensive and could not be maintained indefinitely.
In response to the operation, many dealers moved into highly-fortified drug houses, making it more difficult and more expensive for police to make high-profile arrests because they needed warrants.
It also meant some residents were now surrounded by drug houses and were living in fear of their drug-dealing neighbours.
46 http://www.aic.gov.au/criminal_justice_system/policing/
The Gateway in Freedon Plaza, Cabramatta, 1991 (Fairfield City Library)
The iconic gateway or Pai Lau is built in Freedom Plaza, a pedestrian mall between the main shopping areas of John Street and Arthur Street, and opened on Chinese New Year by then Premier of New South Wales, Nick Greiner.
It is a symbol of the South-East Asian communities in the area and reinforces Cabramatta's image as western Sydney's Chinatown. The gateway has since been Heritage listed because of its significance to the whole community40.
40 http://www.fairfieldcity.nsw.gov.au/
Fairfield Council Alderman, Thang Ngo (Fairfield City Library).
MARCH – Vietnamese refugee Thang Ngo was elected to Fairfield council as an Independent, in March 1999. Ngo was disappointed at the indifference toward Cabramatta's drug issue in the council and decided something needed to be done.
He and Ross Treyvaud, President of the Cabramatta Chamber of Commerce initially formed a group called 'Cabramatta Against Crime', which they used to highlight issues to the police.
Ngo also began compiling a series of media releases about drug related problems in Cabramatta that attracted media attention and put pressure on the police to take action and make the streets safe again.
Drug deals were being carried out in the open at Cabramatta Station, 2001 (Newspix).
While heroin had been in the area prior to the arrival of the Vietnamese, new links to South East Asia meant supply lines to Australia had improved41.
In the years between 1990 and 1992, there was a major shift from low-level to high-level dealing of heroin on the streets of Cabramatta.
High unemployment rates among young people, coupled with financial disadvantage and the existence of a large group of young men without adequate familial support meant that dealers had a large labour pool to draw from.
Locals noticed an increasing number of non-Vietnamese people coming to Cabramatta to score, where the available heroin was purer and cheaper than other parts of Sydney.
41 New South Wales. Parliament. Legislative Council. General Purpose Standing Committee No. 3 (2001) Report on Inquiry into Cabramatta Policing. PARLIAMENTARY PAPER NUMBER 864. July
Helen Sham Ho at the launch of the review of inquiry into Cabramatta policing, 2002 (Newspix).
27 JUNE - Following intense lobbying by Thang Ngo and Legislative Council Member Helen Sham-Ho, the NSW Senate announced a parliamentary inquiry into Cabramatta policing51.
The inquiry began taking submissions in December and continued to do so for a year.
The State MP for seat of Cabramatta, Reba Meagher, refused to support the inquiry.
51 New South Wales. Parliament. Legislative Council. General Purpose Standing Committee No. 3 (2001) Report on Inquiry into Cabramatta Policing. PARLIAMENTARY PAPER NUMBER 864. July
Drug addict in Hughes Park in Cabramatta, 2000 (Newspix)
As the heroin problem escalated, the CCC began operating a low-key needle exchange program, which became busier and busier in the years that followed.
The CCC later also established an Outreach Needle Exchange van that operated in Cabramatta on Friday and Saturday nights42.
42 Collie, J. (2005) History of the CCC. Cabramatta Community Centre, NSW.
Phuong Ngo being led away by police after the trial (Newspix).
21 JUNE - In June 2001, after two mistrials, Phuong Ngo was convicted of ordering the killing of John Newman, and was sentenced to life imprisonment52.
The prosecution in the case argued that John Newman was a political rival of Ngo and that Ngo had killed him to get his seat in
However, senior Australian Labor Party figures, including John Della Bosca, testified that Ngo was in fact seeking a different seat in the Legislative Council.
In June 2008, an inquiry into the conviction was conducted, which addressed several of the concerns raised about the validity the conviction, but the conviction was upheld54.
52 http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/stories/s416677.htm
53 http://www.smh.com.au/news/
54 http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/
In Our Own Words
The untold story of how the Vietnamese community overcame the odds and found their place in Australia.


text:
Consolation: Turned-away Phish fans due $$
Fans who were turned away by police because of muddy conditions at the site of the final Phish festival August 14-15 will be offered a refund.
Dave Werlin, president of the concert promoter Great Northeast Productions, said it troubled him that drivers who obeyed police by turning around and leaving missed the concert only to learn that many other fans reached the site by parking and walking.
Police decided to turn fans away from the site after organizers considered canceling or postponing the show but then determined that cutting off cars would be a better choice, Werlin said.
Unredeemed tickets, with stub attached, should be sent by mail to the ticket company from which they were purchased. One of the two ticket sellers– the Coran Capshaw-owned, Crozet-based Musictoday– has every intention of offering disappointed Phans a refund with no hassle.
"One of our missions is to delight the client, delight the customer," says Musictoday Chief Operating Officer Del Wood. "We're very good at doing that and taking care of them." And while Wood says there may be instances where "we make a mistake or drop the ball," he adds, "we really bend over backwards to make things right."
An estimated 65,000 fans attended the festival in Coventry, Vermont. Werlin said he doesn't know how many people were there; a count of scannable ticket stubs will eventually provide an accurate count.
Those who purchased tickets from Phish Tickets should send them to Phish Tickets, attention Customer Service, Box 1911, Charlottesville, 22903.
Those who bought tickets from Ticketmaster should send them to: Customer Service, P.O. Box 62429, Virginia Beach, 23466-2429.
People who did not pick up tickets being held at will-call will automatically get a full refund.
–by the Associated Press and the Hook's Courteney Stuart
CHO loses Pittsburgh but gains more jets
A national cost-cutting plan by USAirways results in axing direct service between Charlottesville and Pittsburgh, but a Charlottesville Albemarle Airport (CHO) spokesperson says the financially troubled carrier will probably actually increase its total local service with additional coverage to Charlotte.
"They can't just drop service," says CHO spokesperson Terrie Dean, "because then they'll lose the passenger traffic they've been able to see and appreciate here."
Dean says USAirways' Charlottesville passenger traffic has jumped 27 percent in the past year, helping the airport reach record levels. In the post-9/11 world, Dean explains, regional airports have seen their popularity rise as many travelers feel safer avoiding big metropolitan airports.
USAirways, which has been struggling to avoid another bankruptcy, announced the cuts August 12. On November 7, Charlottesville joins 19 other cities– including Roanoke and Lynchburg– losing service to Pittsburgh, the embattled carrier's third-largest hub.
On August 4, United Express upgraded its three daily flights to Dulles Airport from turbo-props to jets. And Dean says that, in October, USAirways will likewise upgrade at least three flights between Charlottesville and Charlotte to jet service– and may add additional flights to serve the burgeoning Charlottesville market.
"It's kind of a no-brainer for them," says Dean.–Hawes Spencer
br>PHOTO BY JEN FARIELLO


text:
PDS_VERSION_ID = PDS3 RECORD_TYPE = STREAM OBJECT = TEXT INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = ASCII PUBLICATION_DATE = 2008-07-29 NOTE = "BROWSE directory content" END_OBJECT = TEXT END The BROWSE directory contains Quick Look Browse Plots of the data. The plots are available as jpeg (*.JPG) files. There may also be postscript versions of the plots (*.AUX). The plots are accompanied by a single label file of the same file name but with extension *.LBL. The files contain either quick look views after early processing of raw data (RSR i.e. Radio Science Receiver data) or quick look plots of calibrated level 2 data (IFMS). These may be useful in identifying data which deserve more detailed inspection. Certain data anomalies can be readily seen in the plots. More details are given in the label file (*.LBL) of each plot. JPEG files contain several figures generated from level 2 Doppler data after processing and calibration. These may be useful in identifying data which deserve more detailed inspection. For example, by looking at the JPEG file, the user can determine whether a signal was easily detectable or whether the data were corrupted. Certain data anomalies can be readily seen in the plots. AGC that is the Auto Gain Control [dB] corresponds to 'SIGNAL LEVEL' in the LBL file accompanying the level 2 data. Also calibration [Hz] corresponds to 'CORRECTION OF EARTH ATMOSPHERE PROPAGATION'. Residuals [Hz] correspond to 'RESIDUAL CALIBRATED S or X-BAND FREQUENCY SHIFT'. Differential doppler [Hz] is computed by F_s - (3/11)*F_x, where F_s and F_x are the received signal frequencies at S- and X-bands, respectively. The differential doppler is not computed in case of a sampling frequency less than 1 per second. The plots of the frequency residuals and differential doppler are divided into three plots with shorter consecutive time periods. The panels are arranged in the following way and can be easily identified by the title on top of it. The plots were generated using gnuplot. Thus the numbers in the upper right corner in each plot thus not give a ratio but the number of columns plotted against each other. I.e. using 1:2 means that the first column of the plotting data set was plotted against the second column. However this plotting data set is a subset of the complete data set given in the corresponding level 2 data file. The raw data set contains not all columns of the level 2 data. For example not all time columns were used since only time in UTC was needed. In the filtered plots some data points that were identified as cycle slips were removed. To see which columns of the level 2 data was used for plotting compare the description given below with the corresponding lebel 2 data label file. Plot 1: Auto Gain Control in dBm vs UTC time (hours of the DOY of measurement) Sometimes no Auto Gain Control (AGC)-files are available. In that case no AGC is plotted. Plot 2: Calibration in Hz vs UTC time (hours of the DOY of measurement) Plot 3: Complete Residual of observed and predicted Doppler shift [Hz] vs UTC time (hours of the DOY of measurement). If the predicted frequency (Column 10 in level 2 file) is not given a residual calibrated frequency shift is not computed and the plot is therefore missing in the panel. Plot 4: Complete Differential Doppler [Hz] vs UTC time (only available if both X- and S-Band was recorded at a sampling frequency higher than 0.1 Hz) (hours of the DOY of measurement). Plots 5-7: The complete residual (above) was subdivided into three plots in order to better identify smaller fluctuations which would otherwise not be seen in the complete plot. Plots which contain 'filtered' data are cleared from cycle-slips. Plots 8-10: The complete differential Doppler (above) was subdivided into three plots in order to better identify smaller fluctuations which would otherwise not be seen in the complete plot. Plots with extension 'filtered' are cleared from cycle-slips using scripts.
Name Last modified Size DescriptionApache/2.2.15 (Scientific Linux) Server at pdssbn.astro.umd.edu Port 443
Parent Directory - browinfo.txt 15-Apr-2019 03:31 6.1K r84icl1l02_b1x_161611909_00.jpg 06-Feb-2019 09:51 142K r84icl1l02_b1x_161611909_00.lbl 15-Apr-2019 03:33 6.8K [PDS label] r84icl1l02_b2x_161611909_00.jpg 06-Feb-2019 09:51 155K r84icl1l02_b2x_161611909_00.lbl 15-Apr-2019 03:33 6.8K [PDS label] r84icl2l02_b1x_161611909_00.jpg 06-Feb-2019 09:51 130K r84icl2l02_b1x_161611909_00.lbl 15-Apr-2019 03:33 6.8K [PDS label] r84icl2l02_b2x_161611909_00.jpg 06-Feb-2019 09:51 156K r84icl2l02_b2x_161611909_00.lbl 15-Apr-2019 03:33 6.8K [PDS label] r84icl3l02_b1x_161611909_00.jpg 06-Feb-2019 09:51 118K r84icl3l02_b1x_161611909_00.lbl 15-Apr-2019 03:34 6.8K [PDS label] r84icl3l02_b2x_161611909_00.jpg 06-Feb-2019 09:51 143K r84icl3l02_b2x_161611909_00.lbl 15-Apr-2019 03:34 6.8K [PDS label]


text:
Filtro per: Creatore Williamson, Stephen D. Cancella il filtro Creatore: Williamson, Stephen D. Parola chiave Generations Cancella il filtro Parola chiave: Generations Soggetto F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics Cancella il filtro Soggetto: F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
Risultati della ricerca
International Financial Intermediation and Aggregate Fluctuations Under Alternative Exchange Rate Regimes
Creator: Greenwood, Jeremy, 1953- and Williamson, Stephen D. Series: Working paper (Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Research Department) Number: 363 Abstract:
A two country overlapping generations model is constructed, in which financial intermediation arises endogenously as an incentive compatible means of economizing on monitoring costs. Because of international credit markets. The model is used to generate the existence of transaction costs, money markets in the two countries are segmented and investors have differential access to predictions concerning the role of international intermediation in economic development, and to examine the nature of business cycle phenomena across alternative exchange rate regimes. Disturbances are propagated by a credit allocation mechanism, which also lends a novel flavor to the model's long run properties.
Parola chiave: Economic models, Business cycles, Financial policy , Exchange rate, and Generations Soggetto: E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles and F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics


text:
Given an undirected graph $G$ and vertices $s, t$, are there any upper bounds on the number of simple paths from $s$ to $t$?
Can these bounds be improved if you know
1) The distance from $s$ to $t$
2) The graph has max degree $\Delta$
3) No two non-adjacent vertices on the path are allowed to be neighbors. For example if $x, y, z$ is a path, and $x$ is a neighbor of $z$, we would disallow that path
I tried looking on Google but I don't know what the keyword would be. Any pointers to papers or keywords would be great!
Thanks for the help.


text:
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