text:
Ebionites Theology and Early Christians' Beliefs
Watch Prof. James Tabor talk about the letters of James and Jude, and how and why the church tried to suppress them.
Readers of this blog would remember that I referred to Prof. Tabor's book "The Jesus Dynasty", in my previous post.
Well, this video confirms what I have written about the Ebionites, the early Christians led by Jesus' brother James. According to a very ancient Christian text called "The Teachings", those early Christians knew nothing of a divine Jesus, they knew nothing of an atoning sacrificial death on the cross, nor did they recognise Jesus as the Son of God.
In fact, almost all of the major teachings of Islam about Jesus and his message are echoed faithfully including the definition of Jesus as a servant of God and teacher/ prophet.
Here is another piece of information that casts a light on the original teaching of Jesus, for those who care to to know.
(I first saw this video in Paul Williams' brilliant blog: Exploring Life, The Universe and Everything.)
The Chosen One (4) … so who is he?
In his book: The Jesus Dynasty, Professor James D Tabor joins the increasing number of scholars who assert that Jesus was far more human than the church would lead you to believe. Prof. Tabor also reminds us of the fact, universally accepted now, that first century Jews were expecting at least two major prophets.
We continue the search for the identity of the last of these major prophets; and put to the test the proposition that he is no other than the prophet of Islam, Muhammad, peace be upon him.
Having looked at the physical description of the chosen prophet, in some detail in previous posts; we continue to analyse these fragments of the Dead Sea Scrolls entitled: "The Chosen One" or "المصطفى", for further information on the historical and circumstantial attributes of the expected prophet.
When you carefully read fragment 4Q536 below, you will notice that there is a distinction made between the (words of the Prophet, said to contain great wisdom) and the (words of God that the Prophet will write in a Book that will not decay.)
This is highly significant, because Islamic tradition has always maintained a clear distinction between the words of Prophet Muhammad (ص), referred to as "Hadith" and the words of God or "The Quran" which Muslims consider to be the literal and pure words of God.
Such a distinction can only be found in Islamic scriptures, and is unparalleled, neither in Christianity nor Judaism, for the Old and New testaments do not have clear dividing lines between the words of God and those of the prophets or even the writers and narrators of stories therein.
Fragment 4Q536:
8 he made […] | that you are afraid of […] 10 he will strengthen its concealment at the end of your powers. His possessions […] | and he will not die in the days of evil. And his words will contain great wisdom. I will praise you […] | is sentenced to death. Who will write the words of God in a book that will not decay? And my sayings […] |You will come to me and in the time of evil he will know you forever. A man who […] your servants, […] sons […]
I have coloured 4 passages that contain attributes of the Chosen One:
- He will not die in the days of evil, so this possibly excludes Jesus -as known in Christian theology- from being the subject of the document. Muhammad (peace upon him) triumphed against his enemies and did not die until his mission was completed.
- Who will write the words of God in a book that will not decay: Of all the Books claiming to be a revelation from God, the Quran stands out as the only book that : 1- Claims to be the literal word of God, and 2: has been truly preserved and did not decay in transmission. Whilst there is plenty of evidence of the corruption of transmission of the Bible and other sacred books, similar claims made about the Quran are but speculations and suppositions.
- His word will contain great wisdom: Muslims have cherished the words of the Prophet and many volumes have been written analysing every word, description, action, story about Muhammad () and Hadith became a large subject of Islamic Scholarship to extract wisdom from the noble mouth of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him.
- I will praise you: The very name of the prophet, "Muhammad", actually means "Praised", this in addition to God directly praising the Prophet in many verses of the Quran, as in [Quran 68:4] And verily, you are on an exalted character.
In summary, we find the two fragments 4Q534 and 4Q536 provide compelling evidence that Prophet Muhammad, peace upon him is indeed the Chosen One of God:
We have the physical evidence of the moles on his back and the colour of his hair. We have a prophecy that he will defeat his enemies, that his message will reach the whole world and last until the end of time. We have evidence about him being unlearned and then suddenly acquires knowledge about the holy books, angels and prophets. Evidence of his great wisdom, that his message will be universal and directed to all the people; and that he writes- separately- the words of God in a book.
I end this post with a little challenge: Can you find any individual in history who fits the description given in fragments 4Q534 and 4Q536 better than Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam?
Related Posts:
The Original format of Christian Prayers
Did you know that the early Christians used to pray five times a day ?
Did you know that their prayers involved kneeling and prostrating themselves to God in a similar fashion to the way Muslims pray?
Yes this is the same number of prayers that Muslims perform daily and there is also a similarity in the way prayers are performed.
Tertullian, the founder of Latin Christianity wrote:
But who would hesitate every day to prostrate himself before God, at least in the first prayer with which we enter on the daylight? At fasts, moreover, and Stations, no prayer should be made without kneeling, and the remaining customary marks of humility; for (then)89178917 i.e. at fasts and Stations. [Sabbath = Saturday, supra.] we are not only praying, but deprecating, and making satisfaction to God our Lord.89188918 For the meaning of "satisfaction" as used by the Fathers, see Hooker, Eccl. Pol. vi. 5. Touching times of prayer nothing at all has been prescribed, except clearly "to pray at every time and every place.
Sourcre: Tertullian – Of kneeling
He added:
in accordance (of course) with Israel's discipline—we pray at least not less than thrice in the day, debtors as we are to Three—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit: of course, in addition to our regular prayers which are due, without any admonition, on the entrance of light and of night.
Source: Tertullian- Of Time of Prayers
The last paragraph clearly describes a community that prays five times daily.
In fact, kneeling must have been prevalent amongst Christian worshippers, that the bishops gathering for the First Council of Nicaea thought it necessary to include an explicit prohibition in their declaration.
Here what God tells us in the Quran:
Therefor, bear with what they say, and celebrate the praises of thy Lord ere the rising of the sun and ere the going down thereof. And glorify Him some hours of the night and at the two ends of the day, that thou mayst be well pleased. (Quran 20:130)
And, about Mary, God tells us in the Quran
And when the angels said: O Mary! Lo! Allah hath chosen thee and made thee pure, and hath preferred thee above the women of creation. (3:42)
O Mary! Be obedient to thy Lord, prostrate thyself and bow with those who bow (in worship). (Quran 3:43)
I see this as evidence that Islam is the preservation of the true religion of God as preached by all his messengers, unfortunately, our Christian brothers had their teachings eroded over the centuries by church officials and leaders.
Allah: The God of The Quran and The Bible
In response to an ever increasing number of Western Christian bloggers who are only too eager to blaspheme the beautiful name of the Creator, I have written a short article on the meaning and history of the word 'Allah'.
The thrust of the argument is that Allah is most certainly the name of God used by Jesus and his disciples, It is the name of God in the oldest Gospel (written in Aramaic). Allah is most probably the name of God known to Moses and the prophets.
Arabic speaking Christians and Jews have no name for God other than Allah. Bearing in mind that Arab were introduced to Christianity BEFORE Greeks and Romans, it is astonishing that some people still want to blaspheme the name of The Creator, merely to erect a defensive wall against reason.
in summary, whether you like it or not, Allah is a more authentic name of the Creator than than the generic word ' God '.
TRY This:
- Visit The Peshitta New Testament in Aramaic/English Interlinear format website, The URL is http://www.peshitta.org/
- Goto Tools> Lexicon>
- Enter the word God in the search field, to find the corresponding Aramaic word
Furthermore, the name ' Allah ' has no gender, no plural form and has never been used for any entity other The Creator. All these attributes can hardly be equaled by the Greek word ' God ' which none of the prophets uttered.
I have dedicated a page on this blog for the article, which includes a link to an excellent article by Rick Brown, a must read for anyone seeking objectivity.
Allah is the God of Abraham, the God of the Bible, The God of the Quran, and the Only True God.
The Catholic Encyclopedia was absolutely correct when it said:
The notion of Allah in Arabic theology is substantially the same as that of God among the Jews, and also among the Christians, with the exception of the Trinity, which is positively excluded in the Koran, cxii: "Say God, is one God, the eternal God, he begetteth not, neither is he begotten and there is not any one like unto him."
Allah said in The Quran, chapter 3:
[Quran: 3:2] Allah! There is no god save Him, the Alive, the Eternal.
[ 3:3] He hath revealed unto thee the Scripture with truth, confirming that which was (revealed) before it, even as He revealed the Torah and the Gospel.
Related posts:
Allah is The God of The Quran and The Bible…. part 2: The logic behind the statement.
This post is based entirely on a comment submitted by Mamoun Elkheir, I think It is a fantastic read and is just too valuable to be left in the inner comments sections of this blog. I decided to publish it as a separate post:
Mamoun was replying to Andrew in a heated debate which you can read here.
Mamoun said:
I have followed your objections to Rasheed's post over the past few days, and your claim that that the argument is not put in a "logical format".
Despite my conviction, and I believe it would also by the conviction of anyone who has elementary understanding of the science of logic- that the argument in the post is logically sound, and includes all the necessary elements of "logical proof", nevertheless, I will explain the arguments in details:
Logical Elements of The Post:
1- The post does indeed expresses a "Logical Statement" as its central issue. The accepted definition of a "Logical Statement" is : "Any statement that can either be TRUE or FALSE".
In this case, the Logical Statement in question, as has been explained by Rasheed in his comment, is the title of the Post, namely: Allah is The God of The Quran and The Bible", and within the post itself, the "Central Argument" has been further expanded, since:
Rasheed claimed that:
["The god that Muslims AND 'Arab Christian and Jews to this day' AND ' Christian and Jews who lived at the time of Jesus Christ and spoke Aramaic,'
believed to be
("The god of Abraham and Isaac", AND "The Only True god"),
That the name of this god
-who is accurately determined by the preceding statement –
is ALLAH.].
This is central argument of the post, was clearly stated in the title of the post, and detailed within it,
Now this statement can be Accepted by one person and Rejected by another, It is, no doubt, a "Logical Statement" according to the scientific definition of a "Logical Statement",
You, therefore, have no right to demand that a person changes the composition of a "logical statement" put forward by him, You can either: a) Accept it according to the evidence and deduction offered by him, b) Reject it according to evidence that YOU produce, c) Ignore it, as Rasheed has offered you
Yet, most striking, is your request that the Statement be re-written in the "Conditional Format" suggested by yourself (IF A AND B THEN C), since this format, unfortunately, is simply another "LOGICAL COMPOSITION" that needs to be PROVEN or REJECTED, in EXACTLY the same way the "Logical Statement" put forward in the post and its title by Rasheed.
This format you requested which is called a "CONDITIONAL SATAEMET" is just one amongst MANY other "LOGICAL COMOSITIONS" such as (Conjunction Statement: A AND B) , (Disjunction Statement: A OR B), (Implication Statement: A IMPLIES B), (Negation Statement: NOT A).
ALL these "Logical Compositions" do not, by themselves, imply the TRUTH or FALSEHOOD of any statement, they are simply Statements that can either be TRUE or FALSE, in EXACTLY the same way the statement put by Rasheed in the title of his post and then proceeded to PROVE it within the post. This PROOF, will be the subject of the remainder of my comment, and I will explain it in some details here.
Due the the apparent confusion in your understanding of logical concepts and terminology, I do advise that you consult some basic references on the subject:
2: NEXT, and this is the most important part of the discussion, we look at the logical evidence that can be used to Prove or Reject the "Logical Statement" put by Rasheed.
There are a number of methods that can be used to logically Prove or Disprove a statement, and these include "Deduction", "Induction", "Proof by Contradiction" amongst others, and Rasheed has conclusively proved his statement using "TOTAL INDUCTION", where :
a) He has shown, based on "The Accepted sources and references" for each of the Groups that they call the god they believe to be
(the god of Abraham and Isaac) AND (The only true god),
This part of the statement is called Postulate, since it is not challenged !
You can go back to the post and the linked page to see the references used.
b) It follows that
The name of the god that is accurately determined by being:
{[(The god of Abraham and Isaac) AND (The only true god)] ACCORDING to the beliefs OF
(Muslims) AND (Arab Christians and Jews to this day) AND (Early Christian and Jews at the time of Jesus)
is ALLAH, and this is the required proof.
Put in mathematical format:
|Muslims believe the name of the god of Abraham and Isaac who is the only true god is ALLAH
|Early Christians and Jews at the time of Jesus believed that the name of the god of Abraham and Isaac who is the only true god is ALLAH
|Arab Christians and Jews to this day believe that the name of the god of Abraham and Isaac who is the only true god is ALLAH
|The name of (the god who is accurately determined by being [the god of Abraham and Isaac AND who is the the only true god] ACCORDING to the belief of Muslims AND Early Christians and Jews at the time of Jesus AND Arab Christians and Jews to this day) is ALLAH
You can see that the statement is a Conjunction of Postulates, and therefore, can NOT be expressed in Conditional Format, Postulates are unchallenged Truths, and are not dependent on other statements for their truth i.e they ARE NOT CONDITIONAL on other statements.
To further help you in your task, The only way to disprove Rasheed's Logical Statement would be to disprove ANY of the constituent postulates.
I hope this clarifies the logical issues for you
Related posts:
Does the Quran say that The Bible could not have been corrupted ?
This very good question was sent to me in an email by my friend Andrew. I asked and got his permission to use the question as a basis of a separate post, since I believe it is an important question that needs to be addressed.
Here is what Andrew said: >
I came across something in the Qu'ran I thought was remarkable. We have had everal discussions about the validity of the biblical testimony. What I did not realize is that the Qu'ran claims Allah's inspiration of the Torah (2:87), Psalms (4:163), and Gospel (3:3 &
5:46). The Qu'ran also says that the words of Allah can never be altered (6:34, 6:115, & 10:64). How does this fit into the context of our discussions?
> Andrew
Looking at the original Arabic text of the Quran, which is very precise in its use of words, you will find three different Arabic words and phrases used to describe what English translations refer to as 'words of God',
- Word of Allah and Words of Allah : Arabic [Kalimatu Allah and Kalimat (pl) Allah]
- Speech of Allah conveyed to his messengers: [Kalamu Allah]
- Scriptures/Book(s) revealed : [Kitab Allah, Kutub Allah]
1: Although the generic Arabic term 'word' can mean any part of speech, the Phrase: {Word(s) of Allah}, as used in the Quran, always refers to the Decrees that God makes, When Allah decrees something, He says 'Be' and it is. This is attested to In Islam and also in the Bible.
Phrase 2: {Scriptures}: The words revealed by God in Scriptures are referred to everywhere in the Quran as: 'Books' or {Kitab or Kutub}. The Torah, The Injil (Gospel) and The Quran are always described in The Quran as such, and NEVER as 'The Word(s) of Allah'.
Phrase 3: {Kalamu Allah} usually refers to speech of God to His messengers, including the original Scriptures.
All three verses in your question use the phrases 'Word of Allah' or 'Words of Allah' which means his Decrees. Nowhere in the Quran does it say 'None can alter the Scriptures' or non can alter the 'Speech of Allah' or any thing close to this meaning.
Here are the verses you quoted in your Question, translated literally:
[Quran 6:34]:
Messengers indeed have been denied before thee, and they were patient under the denial and the persecution till Our succour reached them. There is none to alter the Words of Allah. Already there hath reached thee of the tidings of the messengers (We sent before).
The above verse is a reference to the Decree that God will always make his messengers victorious over their adversaries
[Quran 6:115]:
And the Word of your Lord has been fulfilled in truth and in justice. None can change His Words. And He is the All¬Hearer, the All¬Knower.(115)
Again, this is the most literal translation, and is a clear indication that the Words of Allah refers to what He decreed.
[Quran 10:62-64]:
Behold! verily on the friends of Allah there is no fear, nor shall they grieve; (62) Those who believe and (constantly) guard against evil― (63) For them are Glad Tidings, in the life of the Present and in the Hereafter: no change can there be in the Words of Allah. This is indeed the supreme Felicity. (64)
Yet again, this is an obvious reference to the Decree of Allah that His party shall not grieve.
There are other important examples of the usage of 'Word of Allah' in the Quran: Jesus is called the word of Allah because God said 'Be" and he was created:
Allah says about Jesus in Surah 4 [Quran 4:171] :
O People of the Scripture! Do not exaggerate in your religion nor utter aught concerning Allah save the truth. The Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, was only a messenger of Allah, and His word which He conveyed unto Mary, and a spirit from Him. So believe in Allah and His messengers, and say not "Three" – Cease! (it is) better for you! – Allah is only One God. Far is it removed from His transcendent majesty that He should have a son. His is all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth. And Allah is sufficient as Defender. (171).
And Allah said of Jesus and Adam:
[Quran 3:58]
Lo! the likeness of Jesus with Allah is as the likeness of Adam. He created him of dust, then He said unto him: Be! and he is. {58}
And about Mary, mother of Jesus, Allah says:
[Quran 66:12]:
And Mary, daughter of Imran, whose body was chaste, therefor We breathed therein something of Our Spirit. And she put faith in the words of her Lord and His Books, and was of the obedient. (12)
Notice how the Quran says that Mary had put faith in her Lord's words and His Books, the words conveyed to her by the Angles. The words of Allah are therefore distinct from the Scriptures in the Quranic narration.
- Usage of Phrase 2: Scriptures/ Books of Allah:
When The Quran speaks of the Scriptures and Books of Allah (Phrase 2) it clearly states that it can be changed:
[Quran 3:79]
Therefore woe be unto those who write the Scripture with their hands and then say, "This is from Allah," that they may purchase a small gain therewith. Woe unto them for that their hands have written, and woe unto them for that they earn thereby. (79)
And in Surah 5, Allah says:
[]Quran 5: 13-14]:
And because of their breaking their covenant, We have cursed them and made hard their hearts. They change words from their context and forget a part of that whereof they were admonished. Thou wilt not cease to discover treachery from all save a few of them. But bear with them and pardon them. Lo! Allah loveth the kindly. (13) And with those who say: "Lo! we are Christians," We made a covenant, but they forgot a part of that whereof they were admonished. Therefor We have stirred up enmity and hatred among them till the Day of Resurrection, when Allah will inform them of their handiwork. (14)
You can see here that when mentioning the Scriptures/ Books, God says that people sometimes do write their own material instead of the Book of Allah and leave out or forget other parts.
What the Quran said 14 centuries ago, about changes to The Bible, is now undisputed common knowledge. There is hardly anyone who denies that changes were made to the Jewish and Christian Scriptures. People might argue about the extent and significance of these changes, but the fact that, there were deliberate changes, is virtually unchallenged.
In fact, in the English language, "word" can also mean "promise", as in: 'Andrew is a guy who keeps his word'. People can obviously misquote Andrew, but he still keeps his "word".
Allah Knoweth Best.
Best Regards
Christian – Muslims Q & A session
Dear Bill & Don,
You have asked so many good questions in your latest comments, I decided to collate my answers together in a questions and answers session and give them a separate post, taking the form of a Questions and Answers session.
Islam emphasizes the reality and importance of the hereafter, The Day of resurrection, where every human will be physically resurrected to face judgement. It is as real as this world we live in it. The resurrection is a corporal and not spiritual one.
The hereafter is the everlasting life. It is what really matters. Our life in this world is insignificant compared to the hereafter. Your ultimate fate is either everlasting paradise or everlasting torment in Hell.
Islam teaches that life on earth is nothing but a very short, temporary existence where people are tried and tested from adolescence till death.
Muslims do not ignore the Grace and Forgiveness of God to the believer, The importance of repentance. As I have said in a previous comment, a Muslim should continually repent and ask God for forgiveness of sins.
Below I will provide my answers to your questions. Where applicable, I will provide the verses from Quran and Hadith that I basing my answers on.
God says in the Quran:
[39:41] Lo! We have revealed unto thee (Muhammad) the Scripture for mankind with truth. Then whosoever goes right it is for his soul, and whosoever strays, strays only to its hurt. And thou art not a warder over them.
Q1: What do you mean by Association of partners to God? Do you mean to say that idolatry considered unforgivable (ie, Catholics and Buddists worshiping statues)?
Ascribing divinity to entities other than God is association. Worshiping or invoking deities other than God also falls under the same category, similarly, The Christian Trinitarian theology which says Jesus is also god, The worship of Mary, The Saints, relics, Shrines, Statues, The cross, all these involve the belief that these people/ things can help us in a divine way and are thus idolatry.
God has created us in a perfect way, he feeds and cloth us, protect us, and allowed us to have the intelligence to conquer and utilise the universe. Giving credit to others for all these privileges is unforgivable: He said in the Quran:
[Quran 4:116] Lo! Allah pardons not that partners should be ascribed unto Him. He pardons all save that to whom He will. Whoso ascribes partners unto Allah has wandered far astray.
Q2: Are you saying that no amount of good deeds can make-up for this weighty sin?
That is right. The only thing that negate this sin is to confess before your death that there is no god save Him, for God says in the Quran:
[Quran 3:91] Lo! those who disbelieve, and die in disbelief, the (whole) earth full of gold would not be accepted from such an one if it were offered as a ransom . Theirs will be a painful doom and they will have no helpers.
Q3: Does this mean that certain sins carry different weight?
Yes, different sins carry different weight.
God says in the Quran:
[53:31] And unto Allah belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth, that He may reward those who do evil with that which they have done, and reward those who do good with goodness.
[53:32] Those who avoid enormities of sin and abominations, save the unwilled offences – (for them) lo! thy Lord is of vast mercy. He is Best Aware of you (from the time) when He created you from the earth, and when ye were hidden in the bellies of your mothers. Therefor ascribe not purity unto yourselves. He is Best Aware of him who wardeth off (evil).
Q4: Do you need to balance the weight of certain sins vs the weight of certain good deeds?
Generally speaking, there are major sins that could incur severe punishment. These include murder, adultery, false testimony, mistreating parents amongst others. There are also righteous deeds that have higher rewards. However, God alone can determine the weight of both sins and good deeds. There are factors that are important in deciding the weight of a certain deed, and these factors such as sincerity, intentions, are only known to Him. It is His judgement that matters.
Take the example, someone who performs prayers with an absent mind, hoping to finish it as soon as possible and get on with other things. This person can not expect the same reward as someone who reflect in his presence before God, and utter his words with sincerity and strong belief. Someone who helps an old lady cross the road so that other people might see and praise him is not like one doing the same deed solely for the purpose of obeying God command of showing compassion.
[57:29] That the People of the Scripture may know that they control naught of the bounty of Allah, but that the bounty is in Allah's hand to give to whom He will. And Allah is of Infinite Bounty.
Q5: Who judges us and what happens to us after we are judged?
God alone judges us. He can command any of his creation to execute his judgment, but the judgement itself is His preserve.
[28:88] And call not, besides Allah, on another god. There is no god but He. Everything (that exists) will perish except His own Face. To Him belongs the judgement, and to Him will ye (all) be brought back.
Q6: Do people who have good deeds that greatly outweigh their sins receive a greater reward than those who barely squeak by?
In general yes, but as I said above, things like sincerity and intentions are taken into account. It is not just adding the numbers of sins/ good deeds.
Q7: How does doing a good deed pay the price for disobedience?
Q8. the sin of disobedience to God's commandments remains (Thou Shalt Not Steal). How does praying several times a day, donating money to charity, volunteering for whatever make up for the harm caused infidelity or murder?
Believers must ask God for forgiveness and repent and show remorse. If you are sincere in your repentance, you will no doubt strive to do what God commands, and try to avoid what He dislikes.
You can not pay God to forgive you, but you can humbly ask for forgiveness and show remorse. God is Most Forgiving, Most Compassionate towards believers. There is NO guarantee and you can not get forgiveness from anyone other than God, The Merciful.
God says:
[3:134] Those who spend (freely), whether in prosperity, or in adversity; those who control their wrath and are forgiving toward mankind;- for Allah loves those who do good; [3:135] And those who, having done something to be ashamed of, or wronged their own souls, earnestly bring Allah to mind, and ask for forgiveness for their sins,- and who can forgive sins except Allah?- and are never obstinate in persisting knowingly in (the wrong) they have done.
Q9: After we are judged, do we return to the presence of God?
The believers who enters Paradise may dwell in God's presence. Idolaters can not:
[Quran 3:77] Lo! those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths, they have no portion in the Hereafter. Allah will neither speak to them nor look upon them on the Day of Resurrection, nor will He make them grow. Theirs will be a painful doom.
As for the believer in the Last Day, God says:
[75:22] That day will faces be resplendent,
[75:23] Looking toward their Lord;
Q10: God is perfect and no imperfect being can dwell in His presence.
It is for God alone to decide who dwells in His presence. He commanded that disbelievers and idolaters will not dwell in His presence. Believers whose sins have been Forgiven can dwell in His presence, by His permission, and subject to His will.
Q11: Does He issue us forgiveness based on our good deeds and confession of Him while on earth?
God issues forgiveness, subject to a sincere confession of true faith, sincerity, good and sincere deed bases on His knowledge of us and His will.
Q12: why were Adam and Eve cast out of the Garden of Eden and caused to die? As far as we know, they committed only one sin:
The punishment that Adam incurred was limited. He had to endure life on earth for a short time until his death. He repented and God accepted him back. In a rather short time he will be back in Paradise, and for ever.
Adam is prophet because he received revelation from God. He saw paradise and the angles. Death is the destiny of all things. Animals die and they do not sin as they are not responsible in the way humans are, nevertheless, God decreed that they should die.
God says in the Quran:
[Quran 2:37] Then Adam received from his Lord words (of revelation), and He relented toward him. Lo! He is the relenting, the Merciful.
[28:88] And call not, besides Allah, on another god. There is no god but He. Everything (that exists) will perish except His own Face. To Him belongs the Command, and to Him will ye (all) be brought back.
Q13: What do Muslims see as the purpose of Mortality?
Mortality was decreed by God on all things . The purpose of life and death is that people are tried and tested, for God gave us intelligence and a free will to choose between good or evil and between true faith and disbelief. Death signals the end exam time. God says:
[67:1] Blessed is He in Whose hand is the Sovereignty, and, He is Able to do all things.
[67:2] Who hath created life and death that He may try you which of you is best in conduct; and He is the Mighty, the Forgiving,
Q14: Do Muslims view God as a being who loves us and is the father of our spirits?
God loves those who believe in Him. He tolerates the disbelievers and blasphemers, and gives them the opportunity to repent until their time is up. He is the Creators of our flesh , bones and spirits and everything else.
Q15: what is our relationship to him and what is our relationship to each other?
We are God's servants and He is our Lord. To each other we are bothers. There are various levels of brotherhood between humans: We can be brothers in humanity, Brothers in faith, Brothers in kinship etc.
Q16: Are you denying that when we sin against God our sins are not deserving of an infinite penalty?
It is not for me , you or anyone else do decide what a certain sin deserve in the way of penalty. This is God's judgment and I can only say a certain sin is deserving of a particular penalty based on what God says. I can only say that God decreed that a disbeliever who dies whilst denying God or associating partners will not be forgiven. Anything else is subject to God's will and mercy. God said:
[39:53] Say: O My slaves who have been prodigal to their own hurt! Despair not of the mercy of Allah, Who forgiveth all sins. Lo! He is the Forgiving, the Merciful.
[39:54] Turn unto your Lord repentant, and surrender unto Him, before there come unto you the doom, when ye cannot be helped.
[39:55] And follow the better (guidance) of that which is revealed unto you from your Lord, before the doom cometh on you suddenly when ye know not,
[39:56] Lest any soul should say: Alas, my grief that I was unmindful of Allah, and I was indeed among the scoffers!
[39:57] Or should say: If Allah had but guided me I should have been among the dutiful!
[39:58] Or should say, when it seeth the doom: Oh, that I had but a second chance that I might be among the righteous!
[39:59] (But now the answer will be): Nay, for My revelations came unto thee, but thou didst deny them and wast scornful and wast among the disbelievers.
Q 17: How do you propose that we will compensate God for sinning against Him?
See the verses from the Quran just above this question for answer
Q18: The only difference is what they define good deeds to be.
Nope. The definitions of good and bad deeds are more common between Muslims and Christians than you might think.:
On good deeds, summed them up saying:
[16:90] Lo! Allah enjoineth justice and kindness, and giving to kinsfolk, and forbiddeth lewdness and abomination and wickedness. He exhorteth you in order that ye may take heed.
And on evil deeds He said:
[6:150] Say: Come, bring your witnesses who can bear witness that Allah forbade (all) this. And if they bear witness, do not thou bear witness with them. Follow thou not the whims of those who deny Our revelations, those who believe not in the Hereafter and deem (others) equal with their Lord.
[6:151] Say: Come, I will recite unto you that which your Lord hath made a sacred duty for you: That ye ascribe no thing as partner unto Him and that ye do good to parents, and that ye slay not your children because of penury – We provide for you and for them – and that ye draw not nigh to lewd things whether open or concealed. And that ye slay not the life which Allah hath made sacred, save in the course of justice. This He hath command you, in order that ye may discern.
[6:152] And approach not the wealth of the orphan save with that which is better, till he reach maturity. Give full measure and full weight, in justice. We task not any soul beyond its scope. And if ye give your word, do justice thereunto, even though it be (against) a kinsman; and fulfil the covenant of Allah. This He commandeth you that haply ye may remember.
[Pickthal 6:153] And (He commandeth you, saying): This is My straight path, so follow it. Follow not other ways, lest ye be parted from His way. This hath He ordained for you, that ye may ward off (evil).
Q19: The Bible says even our righteous acts are like filthy menstrual rags in God's sight (Isaiah 64:6) if we are doing them to earn God's favour.
The Quran says righteous deeds are for the benefit of the person who does them. They do not benefit God, but He loves those who strive to be righteous
Q20: what happens to those who never had the opportunity to learn of the one true god before they left this earth? Are they also out of luck?
This is a question where there is no agreement between Muslims scholars. I personally am inclined towards the opinion which says that, All nations have actually received a revelation at some point in their history, and that All humans are capable of finding true faith of monotheism and discover the falsehood of idolatry practices if they use their brains to think about the creation, its organisation and splendour. God says in the Quran:
[2:164] Lo! In the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the difference of night and day, and the ships which run upon the sea with that which is of use to men, and the water which Allah sendeth down from the sky, thereby reviving the earth after its death, and dispersing all kinds of beasts therein, and (in) the ordinance of the winds, and the clouds obedient between heaven and earth: are signs (of Allah's Sovereignty) for people who have sense.
and He says:
[35:24] Lo! We have sent thee with the Truth, a bearer of glad tidings and a warner; and there is not a nation but a warner hath passed among them.
Q21: If you commit a sin that harms someone else, how can you atone for that sin?
Islam puts a great emphasis on personal responsibilty. Every human is accountable for his own actions. You can not get someone else to pay the price of your misdeeds. God says in the Quran:
[35:18] And no burdened soul can bear another's burden, and if one heavy laden crieth for (help with) his load, naught of it will be lifted even though he (unto whom he crieth) be of kin. Thou warnest only those who fear their Lord in secret, and have established worship. He who groweth (in goodness), groweth only for himself, (he cannot by his merit redeem others). Unto Allah is the journeying.
Every human has a personal account. In this account, righteous deeds are rewarded with credits whilst sins are debited. obviously, certain deeds have higher rewards than others and likewise for sins.
If you commit a crime against another person, you are also required to compensate that person, either in this world or in the hereafter. So, in the case you mentioned, of a criminal harming someone you love, if that criminal is caught and the Law applied to him, that is his punishment. If the victim forgives him, she gets credits for that, if his crime goes undetected, he will face his victim in the hereafter and pay for his crime from his personal account. If he does not have enough credits to pay, then he takes debits from the victim's account. There is an accurate Balance, and nothing is unaccounted for. There is Absolute Justice.
Abû Hurayrah relates in Sahîh Muslim:
The Prophet (peace be upon him) asked us: "Do you know who is bankrupt?"
We replied: "The one among us who is bankrupt is someone who has neither gold nor silver nor any provision."
The Prophet (peace be upon him) then said: "Among my people, the one who is bankrupt is the one who – after praying, fasting, and paying charity – arrives on the Day of Judgment having cursed one person and slandered another, assaulted another, and misappropriated the wealth of someone else. Then those people will be given of his good deeds, and if his good deeds run out before redress is made, then some of their sins will be taken from them and put upon him. Then he will be cast into Hell."
This why we need to do righteous deeds. It is the only currency acceptable in the hereafter, it constitutes your most important 'pension fund'.
N.B: Q21 is taken from my post: Islam Views on Salvation, see link below
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Team: Stefan's Dream
How did they slip by? This stalwart team has won five times prior to being inducted into the Hall of Fame! Stefan's Dream started in high school, have continued through the 'getting married and having kids' years…and continue to impress us with their kindness and competitive drive.
Volunteer: Not Wearing Pants, AKA Doug Asquith
We thought it was fleeting. We thought it was a fluke. Neither are true, but, indeed, he does not wear pants and now his volunteering has become a family affair. See, not wearing pants can be fun!
Sponsor: Paddy's Game Shoppe
Local, creative, supportive. Congratulations to Gino and Dawn at Paddy's Game Shoppe for their sponsor award. Gino creates team prize packages that correlate to the annual theme and supports gaming year-round in Central Minnesota. That's no trivial matter.
Team: Freaks and Geeks!
For years the mighty three from the Zenith City has competed. In 2018 they add a fourth soul and receive well-deserved Hall of Fame honors!
Volunteer: Colorado, AKA Professor Debra Japp
She pulls mega shifts, she double checks her anwers with amazing redundancy, and Debra is the kindest soul we know!
Viking Coca-Cola: Providing Bubbly Beverages for our Volunteers
Isn't is just awesome when a big company keeps it local? Thank you Viking Coca-Cola for your ongoing support of Trivia Weekend.
Team: Neo-Maxi Zoomdweebies
Where Nerds, Jocks, Burnouts and the Popular gather, and thrive for 20 years!
Volunteer: Steaming Pile, AKA Paul Cannon
37-year history of competing and volunteering, his kindness inspires
Kemps Dairy: Providing Healthy Beverages for our Volunteers
A big thank MOO to Kemps Dairy for their long time sponsor support
Team: LDE: Last Ditch Effort (and various themed incarnations!)
Love Prevails, Friendships Flourish and Trivia Endures with LDE
Volunteer: Derrick Silvestri — SCSU Television Studios & UTVS Advisor
Master of the Cathode Ray Tube and Inspired Set Assemblage
Erbert and Gerbert's Subs–Deliciousness for 20 Years!
Providing Comet Morehouse, Boney Billy and Narmer for Volunteers!
Team: GBCRE (Gots Books Can't Read 'Em) Goodbye Farewell & Amen
Flipping Through the Pages of Trivia Time, Can't Read 'Em!
Volunteer: Chad Roberts aka Charlie Brown
Fun & Games Developer for Phone Bank and Purveyor of Volunteer Prizes
Ciatti's Ristorante–Long Time Sponsor
Masters of Mostacholi and Baked Breadsticks for Volunteers
Team: Penguin & Frog:
Sibling Stamina for Answers!
Volunteer: Chad Roberts aka Charlie Brown
Tenacious Disputer of Points
Bravo Burritos–Long time Sponsor
Smothering KVSC in Deliciousness
Team: D.O.A. Hole
KVSC Staff: Alex Hartman Technical Staff who goes above and beyond his job requirements every year
Bo Diddley's Pub & Deli — Key Sponsor and year-round supporters of KVSC
Team: Pirates of the Cranium, blended brainpower of 15+ years
Volunteer: Technoman (Dan Dillman) Veteran talent of the phone bank and kind soul to newbies
Writer: Tim MacDonald, he may be imported, but he's a fine trivia vintage.
Team: A Few Screws Loose–Calmly Championing Trivialities
Volunter:Princess Buttercup–(Melissa Fiedler) Undisputaple Hero of Trivia Support Team
Red Carpet Nightclub–Key Sponsor and Official Revelers of Trivia
Team ET–Naughty But Nice Team
Chuck Wiser "Gypsy McGreevy"–Inspiring Spirit of Trivia
Team Voodoo Dolls–Most Bewitching Team
Emy Richardson–Resolute Resource from the East…
No Static At All–Most Receptive Team
Cari Ness–Noble Princess of Trivia Weekend
Ricky "Wayne" Bergerson–KVSC's very own folkie…
Sawatdee Thai Restaurant in St. Cloud
Providing delectable volunteer sustenance for more than 15 years.
Mississippi Tim Squillace, KVSC's very own…
KVSC's very own Mississippi Tim Squillace has been Workin' His Mojo Magic for Trivia nearly 20 years! Mississippi Tim has spent many a year behind the microphone at KVSC sharing his love of music with us. Each of the last two decades Tim has hosted a Trivia radio show as well—even when the programming department schedules his trivia show at 4 a-m.
You may know Tim as the former long-time host of the Whole Lotta Blues program. Currently Mississippi Tim hosts the Root Cellar program every Sunday (a newer show he developed). This show features Americana/Alternative Country, and Roots music.
Aside from his radio show, and wealth of musician/artist knowledge, Tim has an artistic side that includes assisting the Shake A Hamster band (in-house trivia band) with lyrics to their parody songs and writing the song "Willie" which was recorded by the local band Collective Unconscious.
The trivia writers honor him as a walking fountain of music knowledge and offer to throw in the towel if Mississippi Tim ever decided to write trivia questions.
Gary "The Z-Man"Zimmermann
I like to call Gary Zimmermann the hardest workin' man in cable access. I don't think this statement is hyperbole either. He may also be a big self-promoter, but his intentions are sincere…all in the name of sharing community news and information. Gary has featured KVSC's trivia weekend as a spotlight topic on his cable access show for nearly 15 years. He has developed a devoted following to the Gary Zimmermann show. Gary takes his job as a television host and producer very seriously.
However, Z-Man cuts loose every trivia weekend. You can find him co-hosting segments at UTVS-Television. His "Love Line" late night/early morning live advice show on UTVS is now legendary… His advice to "make her pot roast" says enough. Gary is also a voice of the KVSC challenge line and local celeb. Paparazzi are known to stalk him at various Central Minnesota grocery stores and dining establishments. We're proud to welcome the Z-Man to KVSC's Trivia Hall of Fame.
Trouble Among the Cheerleaders—Perkiest Team
We gleefully welcome Trouble Among the Cheerleaders (TAC) as our 2006 Trivia Hall of Fame Inductees. They've worked hard, earned their induction, one cheer at a time. Plus, we love the cheerleader costumes worn every year at the awards ceremony. Here's a bit of TAC's sordid history, from team captain Jeffrey Pederson.
We started out as team Treatment Bound in 1995 during Dial T for Trivia. We have played both from a closet sized apartment here in Cloud, as well as numerous attempts from the Minneapolis area. One Cities try yielded us 10th place, our crowning glory. We once managed to plug a toilet in an apartment and flood the basement of the law offices below us, resulting in me volunteering my time to move files all day Saturday. The worst was that we had to go to Herberger's in order to relieve ourselves all weekend.
One year we lost our long distance service while we were in Minneapolis and had to dial 10-10-220 all weekend. This was of course in the years before widespread cell phone usage. We also lost the signal every time a jet would fly overhead (no online streaming then). We have had to many fun, and more than likely typical, adventures during trivia weekend. We always look forward to the contest, and I do not think any of us could survive without it. That empty feeling after Trivia Weekend, it pains me to think about it.
Here is a list of the tried and true cheerleaders who deserve three "rah, rah, rahs!":
- Jeffrey Pederson – Team Captain
- Andrea Pederson – The wife of the captain who has an excuse for his behavior
- Justin France – The king of online "research"
- Amy France – She who is proud of the researcher
- Amy Wolbeck – the notebook nazi and undisputed point disputer
- Andrew Pederson – brother, and resident I'll catch up on sleep for the rest of you
- Astra Seitz – She makes really good food
- John Seitz – The guy who keeps our morale up
- Bob Huebner – He got the big question in only his second or third appearance
- Ryland Nelson and Dane Smith – The "we'll cover Saturday night guys"
- Sam Bahe – The only rude phone person on our team, but a whiz at music
- Chris Seiving – our phone a friend from Indiana
Divine Duo of the Trivia Realm: Chad and Nova Schmitz
Chad and Nova Schmitz became part of the KVSC trivia family in the mid-1990's…and they've grown the station's trivia family by recruiting dozens of family members and friends to volunteer each February. Chad and Nova are two of the question writers, who also happen to not so secretly adore Rick Springfield. They played on teams for several years before joining the dark side, errr….becoming trivia writers. They brought with them a new level of preparedness, a process for web-proofing questions, developing the math run-around question, a better point setting system, and easy going attitudes. Chad and Nova are a trivia treat every February, for KVSC, teams, and volunteers alike.
Most Innovative Trivia Telecasters: UTVS
UTVS has been broadcasting KVSC's trivia weekend on and off since the mid-1980's. The station is completely run by students, from camera operators to talent to station management. They have grown up and matured LIVE on the air. UTVS's broadcast coverage of trivia weekend has expanded from minimal score updates and very little live broadcasts to building sophisticated sets to match the trivia theme, pre-production promotional work, amazing graphics, schedule coordination, and of course, the annual Love Line segment. Can you imagine the enormous challenge of programming 50 hours of live television? All of us at KVSC salute our media comrades for innovative and creative programming. We love UTVS for their enthusiasm and support, along with the occasional rivalry challenges (KVSC rules in office chair races, they dominate in ping-pong).
Tenacious Trivia Team: Digital Dungeon Dwellers
Digital Dungeon Dwellers began playing KVSC's trivia contest during the Trivia Attack year of 1990. That makes 2005 their 16 year competing in the marathon trivia contest. Team members on Digital Dungeon Dwellers are known to have a ritual or two up their collective sleeves. They recognize teammates who are responsible for getting a large point question by allowing them to wear an Army type helmet with KVSC stickers on it …this helmet has been dubbed the "Brain Bucket." In 2002, the team temporarily split for geographical reasons…therefore two Brain Bucket helmets were created. The team now competes from Vernon Center, Minnesota. In 2005 they competed under the team name 2X/X-6 = 12/X-6 Solve for X. We have put them in the Trivia Hall of Fame as Digital Dungeon Dwellers. Let's see which name they use in 2006
Most Creative Announcer: Andy Valenty On the Air as John Drake
John Drake's voice has been part of Your Sound Alternative for 25 years. He has held many director positions at KVSC while a student, including programming, music, and training director. He is currently a valuable member of KVSC's Community Advisory Board, and of course, host of TWO excellent weekly programs. John Drake is the voice and creative energy behind The Area program. It's broadcast every Monday from 7-10pm focusing on St. Cloud and Minnesota artists. He is also the psychedelically influenced, long-standing host of the Classic Rock show from 10pm to 2am every Sunday night.
John Drake (Andy Valenty) has been part of Trivia weekend for 22 years. In fact, he was the first to host Trivia Weekend Live on the air. You can call him the Lou Gerig of Trivia Weekend in our opinion. He approaches each trivia weekend with creativity and inspiration—both in his music choices and 'costume design' to match the theme. Little known fact: he is the official scrivener of the Minnesota Masters of Trivia Traveling Trophy and creator of several trivia posters of days of yore.
The Good Guys Win
The Goat Posse–Fareed Guyot (Captain F), Eric Wildgrube, Brett Hudoba, Chad Eggen & their mascot Ewe2 For nearly a decade, this group of fellas has made a pilgrimage and commitment to what is the war room of trivia weekend—the phone bank. Fareed and his posse of fellow SCSU alums have effectively streamlined the start-up of trivia weekend. They are the phone supervisors (trainers) and staffers for the inaugural phone shift of every trivia weekend. They set the tone: fun, creative, and efficient! Aside from taking the hundreds of thousands of calls from trivia teams, the Goat Posse has been a creative force behind trivia. Fareed and Eric produce the annual pre-trivia "pump you up" piece…broadcast about 5-10 minutes prior to question number one, hour one. The entire crew also heads to the cramped production studio each weekend to crank out a wide assortment of challenges…you may know some of their work: "I Can", "Journey to Hour 25", and "Wedding Stink."
Above all, these guys are the good guys… they like to dance and party with Hamsters…ahem, and goats…'til Monday.
Time Tested & Proven Team: Learned Pigs and Fireproof Women
Team captain Tim Lyon has a bit of experience with KVSC's trivia weekend. While at SCSU he was KVSC's News Director and an on-air host…and many moons later, he formed his trivia team. In 1990 the team formed in a small apartment with books all over the floor. The team had no fear of calling anywhere; such as the Vatican, Scotland Yard, and a McDonald's in Russia. In 1991, they adopted their current name based on a reference book that chronicles human oddities. Learned Pigs and Fireproof Women have worked hard, and it's paid off…they're 3-peat champions of Trivia Weekend, in 1999, 2000, and 2004. Look out GDI Dynasty.
Learned Pigs and Fireproof Women are a close knit group of friends, from all parts of the country. The team is known to be kind to the phone bank volunteers, point dispute workers and the question writers. They appreciate trivia weekend and everything else KVSC offers the community year-round.
One Hard Workin' Woman: Jo McMullen
Okay, I write these BIOs, so this will be brief. I've had a passion for KVSC and radio for a long-time. I listened to 88.1FM while I attended Tech High School in St. Cloud. I really liked the variety of different music. I won a prize on the air during Kirby Puckett day circa 1987 (I knew all his minor league teams, yup; I was one of those kinds of kids). My first album purchase was inspired by KVSC…Shriekback's "Oil and Gold." I volunteered and then worked at KVSC while attending SCSU. My best experiences and deepest friendships were made with fellow KV'ers. I was named the Station Manager in 1992 and I've loved the job ever since.
I often refer to Trivia Weekend as "The Beast" (at least every December-mid-February ). It's become an amazing part of Your Sound Alternative…and we're so thankful that teams, volunteers, the alumni, and friends get together in the heart of winter to have a little fun.
The Quintessential Team
Panties Waaay Too Tight represents the essence of a team that competes in KVSC's trivia shindig. They've been playing for 17 years (since 1986). Panties can be called a 'unique' team. As question writer Peter Hammerlink points out, "Many things go into their bodies, but yet many answers still come out. Eventually we will induct their livers into the Hall of Fame." Panties Waaay Too Tight is a force of many – old, young, big and small, but they come together and usually finish in the top 10 every year.
Superhero of the Phone Bank
Chad Lian has been a volunteer for KVSC's trivia weekend for 13 years. He started as a work-study student (back when there was only 10 lines on the trivia answer hotline) and continues to commute from the Twin Cities to lend a hand. He is known on the phones as "The Other One" and often supervises the phone bank and takes team calls. He may be a bit quiet, but he rules with an even hand! Chad also helps out on the air and expresses his rock and roll lifestyle.
Outstanding Sponsor Award
Locally owned and operated Bernick's Pepsi has been a trivia weekend sponsor for more than 15 years. Bernick's has provided a legal stimulant for the volunteers at trivia central—caffeine. Bernick's has also financially supported the success of trivia weekend. In recent years, our supply of Bernick's beverages has run the gamut from healthy juices to the sugar filled Tahitian Treat. Of course, Dew runs through most of the volunteers' veins for the 50 hour marathon.
Trivia Writer Goddess
Marie Richardson has 20 years of trivia weekend to her credit. She has played on a team, volunteered with KVSC, and for more than a decade has been a chief question writer. Marie is credited with (aside from causing agony for trivia players) streamlining the points system, making point & question disputes far more user-friendly, adding variety to the type of questions, and keeps the tradition of book-based questions ongoing. She's also known for wearing unique animal slippers all weekend long.
Team Pigs R' Us: Legal Enforcers of Trivia
Under the helm of Bruce Petersen, Pigs R' Us is a team that has a long history with KVSC's trivia contest. The Pigs R' Us moniker began in 1993, but the team had a few different names in those early years, relating to local statutes and alleged "criminal" activity. As team captain, Bruce is known to award certain team members with awards and welcomes players to his team. Pigs R' Us also is the official illegal activity monitoring agency of KVSC's trivia weekend…with a full crime report issued at every awards ceremony.
He Scores Every Year!
Jim Gray is a former KVSC Program Director. He started at SCSU in 94, and led the programming helm for two years. After his graduation, he and his wife moved to North Dakota (we're not sure why), but once a year they make their pilgrimage to Central Minnesota. Jim and Julia haul down a network of computers along with secretly guarded and coded software that allows them and the scads of scoring volunteers to keep track of nearly 70 trivia teams and thousands of trivia points. Jim is also an on air host over trivia weekend and helps with the point dispute line nearly every hour of the 50 hour contest. Jim is most proud to say that he gets to score for 50 hours straight!
Outstanding Team
Sigma Phi Nothing has been playing KVSC's trivia weekend since 1986. Approximately 30 St. Cloud teammates get together in this multi-generational team. Sigma Phi won trivia weekend in 1993 (Trivia Trek) and have been a contending team each year. Way to go!
Historical Trivia Individual
The venerable Al Neff has been part of KVSC since 1981, the year after trivia weekend began. Al's birthday often falls on trivia weekend, and he celebrates it annually with the KVSC family. Al Neff is known for taking on team challenges including 1,000 push ups (documented) one year over the 50 hours (he nearly died!) and eating the infamous Bravo Burrito of fire live on UTVS.
Question Guru
Gary Burt first played on a trivia team in the early years, known as "Bonzo Beans" He later teamed up with Tom Raich to become a trivia writer for KVSC. If you challenged a question, you may have talked to Mr. B, that's Gary Burt. He was a chief question writer for more than 10 years. A guru is defined as "an intellectual guide in matters of fundamental concer" — ie. trivia! I recall Gary considering a trivia question that no team could answer as "the perfect trivia question".
Question Writer
Tom Raich was a trivia question writer for 10 years from 1984-1993. He worked with both Mac and Gary Burt. Tom now listens to KVSC via the Internet while at work at Yale (he moved on from the Harvard gig!) Congratulations and thanks Tom. (Tom also played trivia weekend in 1982 and '83 with "Phil and The Blanks").
Trivia Team
Animal House has competed in 18 of the 21 years of trivia weekend… and note they've never finished lower than 7th place. Animal House won trivia weekend in 1986, 1989, and 1997. They took 2nd place in 2000. Animal House is team based out of Sartell, Minnesota and is hosted annually by the Hurd family.
Trivia Volunteer(s)
The Shake A Hamster Band was named into the Hall of Fame in 2000. KVSC's in-house band, who perform exclusively for trivia weekend has astounded all of us with their talent, sense of humor, and trivia spirit. The band has existed for about a decade, and include the Power of Sauer Kraut horn section. "Trivia Gold" was released on cassette in 1996, and "Hamsterdam" was released in 1998. Nature (Nathan Nesje), Muggsy (Muggsy Lauer), Tedd Chopp, Jeff Engholm, Emily Sebasky, George Maurer and plenty of others continue to delight the KVSC staff and trivia fans alike!
Eminent Trivia Founder
Mac McMenamin
I first started to get interested in trivia when I was in high school and the Milwaukee Journal had a blurb in it's " Green Sheet" (the Comic section). It was an enjoyable mind challenge. When I went to college at UW-Stevens Point, the campus radio station (WWSP) had an annual Trivia Contest which seemed to attract a certain subculture of people on campus of which I was part of my senior year. The "Raft Apes," the guys I lived with on my wing, managed to finish in first place. That win allowed "The Raft Apes" to be BMOC for a while.
Since I had been involved in hall government I tried to get involved in student housing programs. After graduating from UWSP, I managed to get a job at Augustana College in Sioux Falls, SD. After two years I was ready to be more than a "House Father" so I got a job at St. Cloud State University in St. Cloud. I was hired as Hall Director of W.W. Holes Hall. Since I had been involved with the Residence Hall Association as a Faculty Advisor and started to play with KVSC it seemed like a great thing to get RHA and KVSC to hook up and run a "Trivia Weekend" during the cold and freezing winter months for something to do. Other colleges and universities were doing it, so why couldn't SCSU do it too? It was fun to start a "call in" program with four phone lines and see it grow!
After my stay at SCSU, I finished my MS in Education and got a job at the University of South Dakota in Vermillion, SD as an Associate Director of Housing/Complex Director. I took my management and organizational skills and joined up with my cousin and her husband and started a manufacturing shop. We made a lot of different pieces but one thing we really got good at was tapping threads in millions of holes. When I went in for my annual physical in 1995, I had some concerns. I had been having some vision problems and some balance problems. After some tests and an MRI my problems were diagnosed as relapsing remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Just before Christmas of '96, I had a major relapse and spent '97 in a nursing home. I now know what Plasmapherisis is and the great benefits it will have for people with MS.
I now live in Butler, Wisconsin. Since I have a Library Science minor with my undergraduate degree I play with the Butler Library Board. The Butler Library was the only library in our county to get a Bill Gates Grant, so now we have some really cool computers to play with. Now the trick is to figure out how they work. 🙂 Since home computers were the new up and coming thing when we started Trivia at SCSU, and you couldn't just Google something to get the answer…, I can only imagine how hard it is to put Trivia together today. -Michael (Mac) McMenamin
Outstanding Trivia Team
In 1982, a SCSU journalism professor gathered a dozen Chronicle writers, lawyers and friends for a poker game in Sauk Rapids that morphed into a trivia team named GDI. From 1984 until its fifth and final trivia cup in 1996, GDI served variously as the contest's hard-luck darling (losing twice on the big-point questions) and as a NY Yankees (dominant winner) clone. Although GDI was one of the first teams to first embrace then eschew the cyber highway, a two-year run as GDI-Luddite (no stinking Internet) convinced hard-core GDI faithful that their heyday as a smart, resourceful and creative gang reuniting each February for a think-and-drink winter picnic was over. Like some of the marvelous competitors and winners that have loosely followed the GDI model, GDI was, and still is, a ragtag group of 100 people ranging in age from 4 to 80, in a dozen states, representing eclectic professions and SCSU majors. GDI veterans still can be found playing on existing teams or experiencing post-trivia stress syndrome. GDI is honored to have been the charter team named to the KVSC Trivia Hall of Fame in 1999.
Outstanding Trivia Volunteer
Charlie Chirhart [aka Darth Raider]
Much thanks to team GDI for donating a permanent plaque to KVSC for the inductees. The plaque will be housed at the KVSC studios and allows for additional inductees to be listed annually.


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major macro economic indicators
|2018 (e)
|2019 (f)
|GDP growth (%)
|Inflation (yearly average, %)
|Budget balance* (% GDP)
|Current account balance (% GDP)
|Public debt* (% GDP)
(e): Estimate. (f): Forecast. *2019 year runs from 1st April 2019 to the 31st March 2020.
- Natural resources (bauxite, sugar, bananas, coffee) and tourism
- Financial support from multilateral institutions
- Substantial remittances from the diaspora
- Stable democratic framework
- Poorly diversified economy
- Vulnerable to external shocks (climate, US economic cycle, commodities)
- Very high public debt and debt interest payments inhibiting growth
- High rates of crime and poverty
Risk assessment
Low growth, driven by tourism, mining and investment
The mining sector (bauxite) and services (75% of GDP), mainly tourism-related (construction and transport), will continue to spearhead growth, which remains stymied by bottlenecks, including crime, high public debt, lack of investment and sensitivity to external shocks, particularly climate-related. Accordingly, in 2019, mining and services will receive the bulk of private investment, which is expected to increase thanks to low key interest rates and the introduction in 2019 of a Microcredit Act aimed at promoting this practice among the country's SMEs (97% of food and service companies). The willingness of foreign companies to outsource part of their activities and the gradual increase in tourism in this region of the world will also encourage FDI, while the rate of growth in public investment and spending is expected to slow significantly, as public debt is too high. The development of the tourism sector, and services in general, should continue to benefit employment. The unemployment rate fell below 9% for the first time in 2018, with a notable decrease among young people thanks to job creation, but also a decline in the workforce. The resulting increase in incomes, combined with high household confidence, moderate inflation (within the 4% to 6% target set by the central bank) and lower interest rates, will boost private consumption.
The growth effect of the increase in exports, related to the development of the mining sector (bauxite) and continued elevated aluminium prices, should be offset by the high price of oil, of which the country is an importer, and the upturn in imports related to investments. Poor weather conditions would considerably reduce agricultural exports (sugar, bananas, coffee).
Austerity programme helps to reduce the public debt, which remains considerable
To prevent the government from defaulting on its debt, the IMF provided USD 1.6 billion in assistance in 2016, requesting a programme to consolidate the public accounts in return. The government is expected to pursue its austerity measures in 2019, allowing it to achieve a primary surplus of 7% of GDP, in a repeat of 2018. Despite the second stage of the debt swap programme negotiated with IMF assistance in 2013, which extended the maturity of bonds and reduced the value of coupons, debt service will be large enough to ensure that the government balance is only slightly positive, although higher than in 2018. The success of this programme is due in particular to growth in tax revenues thanks to the increase in activity and employment and the introduction of new taxes. This is expected to continue in 2019 with the revision of the Customs Duties Act. Better control of expenditure will also contribute to the country's improved fiscal health. Popular support will make it possible to continue these efforts. The gradual decline in public debt, which remains at a high level, is therefore expected to continue, but will be exposed to currency risk, since half of the debt is denominated in foreign currency.
The current account deficit, which is contained, is expected to narrow in 2019. The deterioration in the goods deficit (22% of GDP in 2018) will be offset by a more marked increase in the services surplus (7.5% of GDP) and the continued high level of remittances from expatriates (15% of GDP). However, less supportive economic conditions in the advanced economies, particularly the United States, continue to constrain the strength of these transfers and of exports of tourist services. Inward FDI and portfolio investments are expected to finance the current account deficit almost entirely.
Popular support for the government but challenges ahead
Despite implementing austerity policies since 2016 (the year of his election and the agreement with the IMF), Prime Minister Andrew Holness and his Jamaica Labour Party have maintained popular support because the economy and employment have been relatively healthy. If it hopes to win the next election in 2021, the government will have to tackle crime and poverty.
At the geopolitical level, the government will focus on relations with the United States, its main trading partner and the source of remittances from expatriate workers. It is also likely to concentrate its efforts on regional cooperation to combat drug trafficking and crime, which affect the business environment (75th in the Doing Business ranking) because of the significant cost to businesses.
Last update: February 2019


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Carl Frampton was among an array of stars who turned out in force to participate in the Lap of Legends during the opening ceremony of the National Stadium at Windsor Park on Saturday night.
The WBA featherweight boxing world champion received a raucous reception as he waved to fans ahead of Northern Ireland's World Cup qualifier against San Marino.
Frampton, who walked hand in hand with his daughter Carla, was joined by fellow celebrities and sports stars including Dame Mary Peters, Jimmy Nesbitt, Pat Jennings, Harry Gregg, Eamonn Holmes and Charlie Lawson.


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In Complex's latest issue (February/March 2011), Pusha T was featured as one of their Complex Individuals on the "Manstras" page. Insanul Ahmed lets loose the outtakes of the meeting they had which never made it to print. Click the link to view the outtakes in addition to what made the mag.
Suit up.
"When I was a kid, wearing suits annoyed the hell outta me. But now, ain't nothing like getting fitted for a suit. The Rosewood aesthetic is something that accentuates everybody's musical talents as well as sets us apart. We feel like we are the upper echelon of hip-hop, so we should look the part. And you're with Kanye West. You put a lot of thought into everything 'cause he's going all out all the time. All eyes are on him, so you can't be lax."
Money ain't a thing.
"I definitely don't care about who has the most money. I've always known how to make $100,000 look like $2 million. I value money, but I don't value it for the way it makes me look to other rappers. I value it in terms of making sure my mother gets what she wants. I came to find out that a lot of people that you think are up there, they're poor. It's disheartening to find out that one of your favorite rappers don't really got paper like that."
Some things are better left unsaid.
"There are certain things I can't get into, and Twitter is one of them. Twitter is like a fly pair of kicks some jackass is wearing. Not everybody is a jackass, but there are so many who have turned into thugs over Twitter. Music is great because you can speak through it, and don't have to answer questions about it. But when you begin to tweet, everything you say is up for discussion. I don't want anyone to feel like we can really talk."
Go hard, not home.
"My former manager's and some good friends' incarceration forced me to make the most of music. I don't want their incarceration to be in vain. Now, there's no way I could even speak to them like, 'I'm home'—they're like, 'You're home? And I'm here for the next tons of years? Come on, get it going.' We owe our family and friends the opportunity to see something better materialize because everything with us went bad."
You used to rap with guys like Fam-Lay and Roscoe P. Coldchain. Now you're rapping with guys like Big Sean and CyHi Da Prince. What's the difference for you?
Pusha T: With Re-Up, it was 100% street-based mentality. When I'm with the G.O.O.D. Music family, everybody has their own lane. I think that the diversity of the G.O.O.D. Music gang is a big asset in regards to being heard because it differentiates you from the rest while exposing you to more people who might not be into street hip-hop as much.
Now that you're on G.O.O.D. Music and solo, will there be an adjustment to your rapping style?
Pusha T: I tell people a lot of times, the dichotomy of the Clipse is Pusha is the brash one and Malice is the more introspective, conscious one. But when you're in a group, there are roles that you have to play. With me being by myself, you're going to get more of what might have been Malice's role when I was in the group. It's not that I don't think that way…he's just better at that than me. [Laughs.] That's his first thought when wordplay is my first thought. You're probably going to get a little bit of me articulating really introspective things and getting the full spectrum of me.
What is it like for you rolling without Malice?
Pusha T: It's really not a big deal to me. When we're together, there's been plenty of days where we'll come do an interview and I'm just not into it. I just don't answer, and he gets that sense of me and he takes the reign. Right now, it's all on me. No days off. So I can't really slack. Having him with me, I can slack. Other than that, it's not really much of a change man. I mean, I guess I'm in New York and he's not here. But in the studio at home, he's there. He's like, 'Yo, that's crazy,' or 'Yo, that's mean.' The visual to the public is what it is. But you got to remember we're brothers, like we're brothers. This isn't made for TV. This is family.
When you freestyling on Hot 97, you said Malice found religion. Is that true?
Pusha T: Malice has always been religious. That line had a lot to do with the situation of my manger and his incarceration. Not just my manger, but a band of like five or six people I been with every day of my life for the past 15 years or so. So in regards to that, it's like a lot of people all took certain paths in life and said, 'Well, damn.' Me personally, I'm like, 'This happened? Well, then this rap shit is definitely not gonna go in vain. They're not gonna go in vain.' Malice looked at it a different way, he's really fucked up about it. He started seeing things differently. He's always been really conscious, he always had that about him. Before that even happened, we sort of felt that coming. You hear the wishers and all that. That line came from me seeing him being really enlightening to myself or my manager or just the whole crew. He was sort of like, 'Don't look at it at face value. Look at it a little bit deeper.' Once you get into his vlogs—his vlogs are all based off of scenarios. That just makes me say, 'Damn he's right.' When he takes the actual scenario, and then can go to it in the book, and then put it on screen for me, I'm like, 'Damn, that's what that means.' I start connecting the dots and its like, 'There he goes, he's better [than me] again.' He's an asshole too. His sense of humor is very Larry David. His whole vision is very like, 'You're stupider than me.' With his vlogs, I think it all works.
Why is this the moment for you to go solo?
Pusha T: Doing the group thing—we always were going to do solo projects but we wanted to build the Clipse brand and the Re-Up brand. So once that happened, we had just done the Til The Casket Drop album and the touring and everything was really tedious. And then the whole stress of the federal stuff. And Malice was really into his book, too. And with all that going on, I was like, I'll do this. So it's full speed ahead with the solo project. This is the first time in my mind I really been a rapper. [Laughs.] Like a full-fledged rapper. I've never had my heart so much into it. Through all the great music, through 'Grindin',' through the whole We Got It 4 Cheap series, I still don't feel like I had been engulfed in rap as I am now. I would tell someone, 'I don't feel like doing that shit today.' Like, I don't care. I used to be like I'm going to All-Star weekend and they be like, 'Oh we'll try to get you some shows down there.' And I was like, 'Nah, I just want to party. I don't want to do all that shit.' Now it's like, 'Let's see who wants me there.' Now I feel like, I'm into the rap game. [Laughs.] I like it.
Are you a rapper now because Malice isn't here?
Pusha T: Nah. I feel like I am now because…I'm trying to talk politically correct…Let's put it like this: I came into the rap game in '99 or so, lost my first deal, and sort of like got cashed out by a label, like, 'Take some money and go away.' I've never done the struggle that most rappers go through in trying to get to this point. I came in with the production duo. I had a successful first album. After that, I went through label drama and learned about the game. But when things went bad, I found out that even when things are bad they ain't that bad. I learned how to survive through it. You couldn't have told any girl or guy that I wasn't still in the music business [during that period]. And with all that going on, and then the crash of my manager and friends—I thought, 'I've had great time doing this without being in it with both feet. There's no reason for me not to jump in now.' I don't want to do anything else. I just got a sour taste in my mouth—pause that—from a lot of dumb shit so I'm like, Let's jump in with both feet.
You did a lot of posse cuts last year, how do you know whether or not you had the best verse on the song?
Pusha T: It's not competitive for me like that, it's just about marrying the beat. My subject matter is not like everybody else. I come from a whole different perspective. This guy will say, 'Oh, he said this and Big Sean said that.' And everybody, depending on what type of rap fan they are, they latch on to what moves them. That's my biggest thing: I don't get caught up in the best verse hype, a verse really lasts just that time. It's really about the body of work and it's about you going out there in front of them fans and they relating to everything that you say.
Rolling with Kanye, has he put you on to shit?
Pusha T: Hell yeah. I can sit around him and he talks about Phillip Lim. And I'm like, 'Who's Phillip Lim?' Then he breaks down and shows me the whole thing. And I'm like, 'Okay, that's fresh.' You learn from these people, just being in their world. Because we're not in the same world. We're really not. We're just in two different places. But being around them you're exposed to the things that they're exposed to.
You went from being the leader of Re-Up to being a team player on G.O.O.D. Music. Is that a win or a loss?
Pusha T: I feel like it's win for me, and everybody. I'm always going to be within my own lane. I don't think we're going to step on each others toes. I think it's like when Boston Celtics came together, they had this amazing team and guys with amazing history. It's just about being a team player. And I've always been a team player. Even when people felt I was the head of Re-Up, you gonna put that on me because I'm the most vocal?
Well, you were the guy yelling at the end of the songs…
Pusha T: That's just my ode to Puff Daddy and the Bad Boy mixtapes. I just always loved that. It's just my ode to Diddy. I always thought they were the greatest mixtapes. I even redid some of those with the Re-Up Gang. But I'm all about what's best for everybody. And the G.O.O.D. Music move has been better for myself, Malice, and Liva as well. It's all about making moves that can benefit everybody. I don't ever want to just benefit myself. I'm too close to too many people. I don't just live for myself, I live for more than myself.
Source: Complex


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The Terraces
Every day can feel like vacation when you live at The Terraces, a community comprised of stunning, upscale apartments in Plantation, FL. Desirable features such as wood-burning fireplaces and screened-in patios offer an ideal space to unwind, in addition to outstanding amenities, including a spa and fitness center. No matter what your day brings, you can rest easy knowing that your daily getaway is just around the corner at The Terraces.


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Explore Our Hotel
Midwest Charm Surrounds Hotel's Guests in Lincoln, NE
Whether you're seeking fantastic urban fun or a convenient workplace, you'll find it at the award-winning Holiday Inn Express® Hotel & Suites Lincoln South. Situated just off Hwy-2, these all-king accommodations are only 15 miles from Lincoln Municipal Airport and nine miles from downtown.
The hotel is near the University of Nebraska, Lancaster Event Center and major local businesses, so if you're visiting for work, you can easily attend corporate events. You can also work efficiently with free wired and wireless HSIA, and the reliable 24-hour Business Center helps you meet deadlines. If you need to host your own event, you have access to the convenient, on-site meeting space that accommodates up to 40 guests.
Thrilling attractions are plentiful in Lincoln, Nebraska. The hotel's location enables you to tour the impressive state capitol or browse the beautiful Southpointe Pavilions Mall. Also, because the hotel is near the University of Nebraska, you can wear your team's colors at a Cornhuskers home game before attending an amazing performance at the Lied Center for Performing Arts.
When you're not out exploring Lincoln, you can unwind in the heated, indoor pool or join your fellow guests for free snacks and alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages at the Manager's Reception, Mon-Thu evenings. If you're planning a trip to Lincoln, Nebraska, call the hotel's friendly staff to book now.
- Black-out Shades
- Crib Available
- Iron/Ironing Board
- Separate Hanging Closet
- In-Room Heating and A/C Controls
- Extra Bedding Available
Bathroom/Personal Care
- Private Bathroom
- Bathroom Amenities Available
- Hair Dryer
- Bathtub
- Whirlpool or Spa Bathtub
- Separate/Walk-in Shower
In-Room Features
- Mini Refrigerator
- Microwave
- Coffee Maker
- Flat-screen TV
- Work Desk with Lamp
- Desk-level Electrical Outlet
- Cable/Satellite
- Direct-dial Phone
- Phone with Voicemail
- Complimentary Morning Newspaper
- Windows Open by Guest
Added Value
- Complimentary Coffee/Tea Supplies
- Complimentary Bottled Water
- Full Breakfast Included
- Breakfast Buffet Included
- Continental Breakfast Included
- Complimentary Coffee in Lobby
- Kids Eat Free
- Off-site Restaurant Delivery Available
Business Services
- 1 Meeting Room(s) Available
- On-Site Business Center
- Printer
- Copier
- Scanner
- Office supplies available
Internet Access
- Free High-Speed Internet in all Rooms
- Wireless Internet service is free for all IHG® Rewards Club members
Entertainment & Recreation
- Indoor Pool
- Heated Indoor Pool
- Indoor Pool Hours of Operation: 6:00 AM - 11:00 PM
open 6:00 am -11:00 pm
Health & Fitness
Complimentary Fitness Center
Completely remodeled with all new fitness equipment; including two new treadmills, exercise bike, yoga mats and a Universal Workout Machine. Our wall mounted TV's will entertain and complimentary water will refresh you.
Hours of Operation: 12:00 PM to 12:00 PM
Fitness Center Type: LIMITED
Fitness Center Equipment:
- Elliptical Machines
- Free Weights
- Stationary Bicycle
- Treadmill
Housekeeping & Laundry
- Daily Housekeeping
- On-site Guest Self-Laundry Facilities
- Hours of Operation: 12:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Added Value
- Wake Up Calls
- Ice Machine
Hotel Details
8801 Amber Hill Court
Lincoln, Nebraska 68526
United States
Check In: 3:00 PM
Check Out: 12:00 PM
Check-in Age: 19
Parking + -
- Complimentary Self Parking Available
Accessibility + -
- Public Entrance
- Guest Rooms
- Elevators
- Public Restrooms
- Registration Desk
- Exercise Facility
- Business Center
- Pool
- Number of Accessible Meeting Rooms: 1
Accessible Hotel Areas
- Registration Area
- Accessible Guest Rooms
- Business Center
- Meeting Room
- Exercise Facility
- Pool
Hotel Areas with Accessible Routes from Accessible Public Entrance
- Accessible Self Parking
- Van Accessible Self Parking
- Closed Caption TVs
- Telephone with TDD
- Visual Alarm/Alert in Guest Rooms
- Visual Alarm/Alert in Public Spaces
Provided by Hotel
Pet Policy + -
- Pets Allowed
- Service Animals Allowed
- Pet Walking Area On-site
- Pet Deposit per Stay: 50 USD
- Pet Fee per Night: 50 USD
- Pets allowed with a 50 dollar per day nonrefundable fee. Based on availibility. Pets only allowed in ADA rooms.
Facility + -
- Smoke-Free Facility
- Number of Floors: 3
- Total Number of Rooms: 66
- Number of Suites: 33
- Number of Non-Smoking Rooms: 66
- Number of Accessible Rooms: 4
Languages + -
Languages Spoken by Staff
- English
- Spanish
Credit Cards + -
- American Express
- Visa
- MasterCard
- Diners Club
- Carte Blanche
- Discover


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MediLite Diagnostika
Executive SummaryMediLite Diagnostika is developing chemiluminescent substrates for use in several diagnostic assays.
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A collaboration between Novo and Fauna will look at animal hibernation and genetic sequencing for hints toward novel therapies for obesity. Pfizer will use Insilico's machine learning technology in target validation.
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Greeley Old Time Farm Show
By Rebecca Colvin
Help NFN Grow
This July in Colorado, the public is invited to celebrate agricultural history in action.Visitors can enjoy viewing a priceless collection of amazing antique tractors, implements, and engines on display at the Greeley Old Time Farm Show on July 19, 20 and 21st, 2019, from 9 am to 5 pm each day.
Got something old, rare, restored or rusty? Bring it by to display, no charge.
The Longs Peak Tractor Club will be bringing many of their old rare collections for the public to admire.
Schedule of activities include:
Set up by Friday, July 19th, 9 am-5 pm – Open to the public
Saturday, July 20th, 9 am -5 pm – Open to the Public
The main day, not to miss. Activities include a sanctioned garden tractor pull, antique equipment demonstrations, mule farming, a wheat harvest, straw baling, antique sawmill operation, blacksmithing, a parade of power, and rides. Fun for all ages.
FREE admission.
An auction and food fundraiser include steaks, burgers and more.
Saturday will be the best day to see all thrashing, pulling and mules. The mule club will be working the fields with their teams, there on Saturday only. Check this art out before it's lost. They'll be plowing the field and harvesting wheat the old fashioned way before tractors were invented.
The stationary engine club will be there, doing small engine displays.
The Colorado Tractor Pull Association is sponsoring a sanctioned Garden Tractor Pull on Saturday, July 20th, 2019 from 10 am to 3 pm.
9-10am: Threshing machine demonstration
10:30-11:30am: Corn sheller demonstration
12 pm: Parade of power, review and live demonstrations!
Sunday, July 21st, 9 am – 5 pm – Open to the public, demonstrations continue. Last chance to admire the collection of old restored and rusty antique tractors, hit and miss engines, trucks, cars and garden tractors on display. More food available to keep you satisfied . Wrapping up and tearing down.
Hosted by the Greeley RV Park and Campground located at:
810 East 28 Street, Greeley, Colorado, 80631
FB Event: https://www.facebook.
Like and follow their Facebook page, and visit
For questions, please contact Marlin Ness at 970-302-0929, or email contact@
Sign up here to receive news and reminders about the Greeley Old Time Farm show https://mailchi.mp/
Northern Colorado LiveMarket
2/1 - Live music with The Seers


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FOTC Members Speak at 2017 BICSI Fall Conference
The TIA's Fiber Optics Technology Consortium will present two pre-conference seminars at the 2017 Fall BICSI conference in Las Vegas. Each seminar will earn 3 BICSI Continuing Education Credits. Registration is through BICSI. Please note that pre-conference webinars are not included in standard BICSI registration and must be purchased separately.
Sunday, September 24, 9-12: The Fabulous, Fast Moving, Fever Pitch, Forever Accelerating Fiber Frenzy
Rodney Casteel - CommScope, Cindy Montstream - Legrand, Tony Irujo (OFS), Darryl Heckle - Corning, Dr. Bruce Chow - Corning, and Robert Reid - Panduit
Fiber, fiber everywhere; OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4, OM5, WideBand, OS1, OS2? Ethernet 10G, 40G, 100G, 200G, 400G, 800G and Fiber Channel 2G, 4G, 8G, 10G, 16G, 32F, 64G, 128G where will it all end? Parallel 8 fiber, 12 fiber, 24 fiber and duplex? When, where, what and how do I decide? Come find the answers to all your fiber migration questions.
Sunday, September 24, 1:30 - 4:30 Testing High Speed Fiber Links
Rodney Casteel - CommScope, Nicholas Gagnon - EXFO, Jim Davis - Fluke, Rob Gilberti - AFL, Tyler Vander Ploeg - VIAVI
This seminar will focus on common data center reference architectures including MPO/MTP and other pre-terminated links deployed in support of higher speed applications and the standards requirements that drive the fiber cable plant. Tier 1 and Tier 2 testing, application power budgets, cleaning and inspection will all be explored from the context of standards that are required by the optoelectronics (IEEE/ANSI) vs. those that specify the cable plant (IEC/TIA). Additionally, how the use of Cloud technologies is affecting workflow and results management for today's technician will be covered.


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by Ronald C. Baldwin Partner, Executive Office
Presented before the Westchester Chapter, New York State Society of CPAs-January 1973
The first Statement on Auditing Procedure was issued in 1939. That was 34 years ago. I first studied accounting in 1951. As a student, you can well imagine how I viewed pronouncements such as Accounting Research Bulletins and Statements on Auditing Procedure. It was obvious that a group of accountants, like statesmen, gathered together in auspicious surroundings and pronounced on the weighty matters.
This view is not much unlike the view that I assume we as students all had of the meetings at which the United States Constitution was framed. Imagine if you will the scene in Philadelphia when all of the delegates gathered to produce the document under which we govern our country. Surely, no one for a minute would expect that there would be pandemonium at times, hilarity, political intrigue, and the wheeling and dealing that often we associate with our contemporary legislatures. Yet, the real student of history knows all too well that it is only in this type of surrounding, with the give and take of many views—some being propounded more strenuously than others—that long lasting documents are produced.
In not quite as dramatic but in many ways similar surroundings, Statements on Auditing Procedure are produced. For more than a year, I had the privilege and the pleasure of attending meetings of the Committee on Auditing Procedures as the observer for our representative on the Committee, Ken Stringer. (Under the rules of the Committee, each of the 21 members is entitled to bring an observer.) As an observer, I witnessed and participated in the development of some of the recent statements issued by the Committee, including those statements from SAP No. 45, Using the Work and Reports of Other Auditors; to SAP No. 54, The Auditor's Study and Evaluation of Internal Control.
I have been asked to discuss these recent statements, and I will try to flavor the discussion with some of the background and difficulties encountered in developing the statements.


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If Dutchess County Executive Republican Marc Molinaro wants to challenge Gov. Andrew Cuomo (D-New Castle) as he runs for a third term, he'll have to get in line.
Molinaro is one of several challengers considering a run against the governor with election day less than a year away. Westchester County Executive Rob Astorino, who ran against Cuomo in 2014, said he is unlikely to run after he lost re-election last month.
Other potential challengers include Sen. John DeFrancisco (R-Syracuse), Assembly Minority Leader Brian Kolb (R-Finger Lakes) and Harry Wilson, a Scarsdale financier. Wilson is considered a strong challenger since he has pledged to $10 million of his own money to take on Cuomo, a prodigious fundraiser.
Molinaro said he plans to decide at the end of the year whether to challenge Cuomo, but has been touring the state seeking to generate support. In October, Molinaro said he would consider running with Kolb.
Cuomo could also face a primary challenge from Terry Gipson, a former state senator who represented Putnam and Dutchess.
Click here to sign up for Daily Voice's free daily emails and news alerts.


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France Honors International Women's Day
March 8, 2012
On the occasion of International Women's Day, France would like to reaffirm its commitment to promoting women's rights and equality between men and women.
Several events are being organized by the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs:
A symposium at the Arab World Institute today is dedicated to the "Arab Springs: Women's Spring?" This symposium, which will bring together many personalities from the Arab world, including Tunisia's Minister for Women and Family Affairs and Yemen's Human Rights Minister, was opened this morning by Ms. Roselyne Bachelot, Minister for Solidarity and Social Cohesion.
A debate will take place tomorrow morning at the Quai d'Orsay led by Mr. Alain Juppé, with the participation of the speakers from the symposium at the Arab World Institute, as well as French female parliamentarians and several Paris-based female ambassadors. The Ministre d'Etat will pay tribute to the role of women in the Arab Springs and will signal his attachment to the freedoms that they fight for.
Within the United Nations, France contributed to the adoption of the Security Council resolutions on "Women, peace and security" and adopted a national action plan to implement them in October 2010. These resolutions underscore the need to strengthen the protection of women in conflicts and establish the principle that women must participate fully in decision making processes on an equal footing with men, a key factor in establishing and maintaining lasting peace.
France also actively participated in drafting the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, to which it was one of the first signatories (May 2011), and the ratification process of which is under way.
It fully supports UN Women, the UN body devoted to promoting women's rights, with which it is implementing several cooperation activities:
a program to combat violence in the Arab world (Algeria, Jordan, Morocco) and sub-Saharan Africa (Cameroon, Mali, Niger), with funding of €1.5 million over 3 years;
a program to promote women's access to justice in Afghanistan (€500,000);
within the framework of the Muskoka G8Summit, France pledged to devote a further €500 million to the fight against maternal and infant mortality. A partnership was concluded with "UN Women," with funding amounting to €5 million over 5 years (2011-2015).


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Welcome to Sedona, Arizona!
Experience the red rock country of beautiful Sedona, Arizona. Find the perfect place to stay with the best deals on Sedona hotels. From luxurious getaways at Sedona Resorts & Spas to secluded Sedona retreats or inviting Sedona bed and breakfasts. Discover prestigious Sedona art galleries or spend an afternoon enjoying our many Shops and Plazas. Enjoy some local cuisine at one of our delicious Sedona restaurants. Get out and explore the red rocks with a multitude of Sedona activities to choose from. Play golf in Sedona, teeing off with a red rock back drop at one of our highly rated golf courses. Experience one of many unique psychic readings, learn more about Sedona vortexes, browse through a wealth of healing treatments, Sedona spas and more. Want to find your own piece of paradise? Explore Sedona real estate.
Learn more about Sedona. View videos on the history of Sedona, Sedona art and culture, the Native American history and ancient ruins of our area, annual Sedona events & festivals, Sedona weddings, and so much more... all here on Sedona.tv, your vacation guide to Sedona!
There are so many things to do in Sedona and you'll find it all here on Sedona.tv. Plan your entire trip to Sedona: before you get here - on www.Sedona.tv - and when you arrive - on RED ROCK TV Channel 16 featuring a 90-minute virtual tour of what to see and do in Sedona.
Find Your Way Around Sedona
Click on the thumbnails below to view video segments on the different areas of Sedona: