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Install LineageOS on espresso3g
Basic requirements
- Make sure your computer has
adb. Setup instructions can be found here.
- Enable USB debugging on your device.
Preparing for installation
Samsung devices come with a unique boot mode called "Download mode", which is very similar to "Fastboot mode" on some devices with unlocked bootloaders. Heimdall is a cross-platform, open-source tool for interfacing with Download mode on Samsung devices. The preferred method of installing a custom recovery is through this boot mode – rooting the stock firmware is neither necessary nor required.
- Download and install the Heimdall suite:
- Windows: Extract the Heimdall suite and take note of the directory containing
heimdall.exe. You can verify Heimdall is working by opening a command prompt in that directory and typing
heimdall version. If you receive an error, make sure you have the Microsoft Visual C++ 2012 Redistributable Package (x86) installed on your computer.
- Linux: Pick the appropriate package to install for your distribution. The
-frontendpackages aren't needed for this guide. After installation, verify Heimdall is installed by running
heimdall versionin the terminal.
- macOS: Install the
dmgpackage. After installation, Heimdall should be available from the terminal - type
heimdall versionto double-check.
- Windows: Extract the Heimdall suite and take note of the directory containing
- Power off the device and connect the USB adapter to the computer (but not to the device, yet).
Boot into download mode:
- With the device powered off, hold Volume Down + Power.
Accept the disclaimer, then insert the USB cable into the device.
- Windows only: install the drivers. A more complete set of instructions can be found in the ZAdiag user guide.
- Run
zadiag.exefrom the Drivers folder of the Heimdall suite.
- Choose Options » List all devices from the menu.
- Select Samsung USB Composite Device or MSM8x60 or Gadget Serial or Device Name from the drop down menu. (If nothing relevant appears, try uninstalling any Samsung related Windows software, like Samsung Windows drivers and/or Kies).
- Click Replace Driver (having to select Install Driver from the drop down list built into the button).
- If you are prompted with a warning that the installer is unable to verify the publisher of the driver, select Install this driver anyway. You may receive two more prompts about security. Select the options that allow you to carry on.
- Run
- On the computer, open a command prompt (on Windows) or terminal (on Linux or macOS) window, and type:
heimdall print-pit
- If the device reboots, Heimdall is installed and working properly.
Installing a custom recovery using
Download a custom recovery - you can download TWRP. Simply download the latest recovery file, named something like
- Power off the your device and connect the USB adapter to the computer (but not to the device, yet).
Boot into download mode:
- With the device powered off, hold Volume Down + Power.
Accept the disclaimer, then insert the USB cable into the device.
- On the computer, open a command prompt (on Windows) or terminal (on Linux or macOS) window in the directory the recovery image is located, and type:
heimdall flash --RECOVERY <recovery_filename>.img --no-rebootTip: The file may not be named identically to what stands in this command, so adjust accordingly. If the file is wrapped in a zip or tar file, extract the file first, because Heimdall is not going to do it for you.
- A blue transfer bar will appear on the device showing the recovery being transferred.
- Unplug the USB cable from your device.
- Manually reboot into recovery:
Note: Be sure to reboot into recovery immediately after having installed the custom recovery. Otherwise the custom recovery will be overwritten and the device will reboot (appearing as though your custom recovery failed to install).
- With the device powered off, hold Volume Up + Power.
Installing LineageOS from recovery
Build a LineageOS installation package.
- Optionally, download additional application packages such as Google Apps (use the
- Optionally, download additional application packages such as Google Apps (use the
- If you are not in recovery, reboot into recovery:
- With the device powered off, hold Volume Up + Power.
- Now tap Wipe.
Now tap Format Data and continue with the formatting process. This will remove encryption and delete all files stored in the internal storage.
Return to the previous menu and tap Advanced Wipe, then select the Cache and System partitions and then Swipe to Wipe.
- Sideload the LineageOS
- On the device, select "Advanced", "ADB Sideload", then swipe to begin sideload.
- On the host machine, sideload the package using:
adb sideload filename.zip
(Optionally): If you want to install any additional add-ons,
adb sideload filename.zipthose packages in sequence.Note: If you want Google Apps on your device, you must follow this step before booting into LineageOS for the first time!
- (Optional): Root your device by installing LineageOS' AddonSU, (use the
armpackage) or by using any other method you prefer.
Once you have installed everything successfully, run 'adb reboot'.Warning: Depending on which recovery you use, you may be prompted to install additional apps and services. We strongly advise you to opt out of installing these, as they may cause your device to bootloop, as well as attempt to access or corrupt your data.
Get assistance
If you have any questions or get stuck on any of the steps, feel free to ask on our subreddit or in #LineageOS on freenode.


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18 obsolete words worth rediscovering
Some antiquated terms have no role nowadays, but others could still be viable in modern discourse. In any case, this dozen-and-a-half (there must be a word for that) quirky words sure are fun. Take a look.
Just like facts and flies, English words have life spans.
Some are thousands of years old, from before English officially existed; others change or are replaced or get ditched entirely.
Here are 18 uncommon or obsolete words that we think may have died early. We found them in two places: a book called "The Word Museum: The Most Remarkable English Words Ever Forgotten" by Jeffrey Kacirk, and on a blog called Obsolete Word of The Day that's been out of service since 2010. Both are fantastic—you should check them out.
Snoutfair: A person with a handsome countenance—"The Word Museum: The Most Remarkable English Words Ever Forgotten" by Jeffrey Kacirk
Pussyvan: A flurry, temper—"The Word Museum" (Kacirk)
Wonder-wench: A sweetheart—"The Word Museum" (Kacirk)
Lunting: Walking while smoking a pipe—John Mactaggart's "Scottish Gallovidian Encyclopedia," 1824
California widow: A married woman whose husband is away from her for any extended period—John Farmer's "Americanisms Old and New," 1889
Groak: To silently watch someone while they are eating, hoping to be invited to join them— www.ObsoleteWord.Blogspot.com
Jirble: To pour out (a liquid) with an unsteady hand: as, he jirbles out a dram—www.Wordnik.com
Curglaff: The shock felt in bathing when one first plunges into the cold water—John Jamieson's Etymological Scottish Dictionary, 1808
Spermologer: A picker-up of trivia, of current news, a gossip monger, what we would today call a columnist—"The Word Museum" (Kacirk)
Tyromancy: Divining by the coagulation of cheese—"The Word Museum" (Kacirk)
Beef-witted: Having an inactive brain, thought to be from eating too much beef.—John Phin's "Shakespeare Cyclopaedia and Glossary," 1902
Queerplungers: Cheats who throw themselves into the water in order that they may be taken up by their accomplices, who carry them to one of the houses appointed by the Humane Society for the recovery of drowned persons, where they are rewarded by the society with a guinea each, and the supposed drowned person, pretending he was driven to that extremity by great necessity, is also frequently sent away with a contribution in his pocket.—"The Word Museum" (Kacirk)
Englishable: That which may be rendered into English—John Ogilvie's "Comprehensive English Dictionary," 1865
Resistentialism: The seemingly spiteful behavior shown by inanimate objects—www.ObsoleteWord.Blogspot.com
Bookwright: A writer of books; an author; a term of slight contempt—Daniel Lyons's "Dictionary of the English Language," 1897
Soda-squirt: One who works at a soda fountain in New Mexico—Elsie Warnock's "Dialect Speech in California and New Mexico," 1919
With squirrel: Pregnant—Vance Randolph's "Down in the Holler: A Gallery of Ozark Folk Speech," 1953
Zafty: A person very easily imposed upon—Maj. B. Lowsley's "A Glossary of Berkshire Words and Phrases," 1888
RELATED: Become a more efficient writer and editor after one day of training.
Carmel Lobello is the business editor at TheWeek.com. Previously, she was style editor at Death + Taxes Magazine and an editor at DeathandTaxesMag.com, where a version of this story originally ran. Follow her on Twitter @carmellobello.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Faith Christian is launching football in 2013 and has hired Andre Dobson as its head coach.
A meet and greet for the new coach will be held at the school (9703 Curry Ford Rd., Orlando) on Tuesday night at 6:30 p.m.
Dobson was head coach from 2008-11 at St. Petersburg Northside Christian, going 14-27, then coached Lakeland Victory Christian to a 4-6 record last season. He also was a high school head coach in California and an assistant at Evangel University of Missouri, where he played college football.
"This will be my first position that I haven't come into turmoil or had to fix something," Dobson said. "It's coming in totally fresh and getting to do it in a way I feel a good quality championship football program should be developeed. I'm very excited."
Dobson said he heard good things about the opportunity from colleagues and clicked with Faith athletic director and boys basketball coach Tony Medina.
"Lots of great things about Tony and that was a big pull for me," Dobson said. "It was an amazing way the conversation went. Everything just started falling into place.
Faith will be an independent team within the Florida High School Athletic Association in 2013. It is listed as a member of the Sunshine State Athletic Conference, a growing league of independent football programs which also includes Orlando Christian Prep, Master's Academy, Windermere Prep, Central Florida Christian, Cornerstone Charter Kissimmee City of Life, First Academy-Leesburg, Mount Dora Bible, International Community School and Legacy Charter of Ocoee.
Buddy Collings is a senior sports writer covering high schools for the Orlando Sentinel. You can reach him at email@example.com.


text: The QCOTSTM UT8Q1024K8 Quantified Commercial Off-theShelf product is a high-performance 1M byte (8Mbit) CMOS static RAM built with two individual 524,288 x 8 bit SRAMs with a common output enable. Memory access and control is provided by an active LOW chip enable (En), an active LOW output enable (G). This device has a power-down feature that reduces power consumption by more than 90% when deselected.


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Florida is proud of its major league baseball teams, the Miami Marlins and the Tampa Bay Rays, but let's not forget it has also been home to a number of minor league teams over the years. Today we get a look at the Tampa Smokers, a Tampa team whose name reflects its close relationship with the longstanding cigar industry in the area.
The Smokers got their start in 1919 as a charter member of the original Class D Florida State League. They played their games at Plant Field, built in 1899 by railroad magnate Henry B. Plant to house various entertainments for his guests at the nearby Tampa Bay Hotel. Plant encouraged the growth of baseball in Tampa Bay, but squads using his field often found themselves sharing their space with automobile and horse racing, events for other sports, and even the Florida State Fair.
The Smokers experienced both feast and famine years in their experience as a franchise. At one point in 1924 the team folded entirely due to a lack of funds, and President Al F. Lang of the Florida State League appealed directly to fans during a game to help save their home team. "I gave it to them straight from the shoulder," Lang said later in an interview. In short order, Lang had $600 in donations, which combined with a small existing reserve to pay the team's bills for a while.
The Smokers went on to develop several major league players. The first, who was also the first major league player from Tampa, was Al Lopez. Known as "El Señor," Lopez played catcher for 1,918 games over the course of his career, establishing a record that went unbroken until 1987. When he first began playing with the Smokers in 1925, Lopez was asked how much money he wanted in return for his services. He replied that he didn't know anything about contracts, so the management asked him if $150 a month would do. Lopez had never been offered so much money in his life; he took the offer, and so began a great career in baseball. In addition to playing in the majors, he also became the major leagues' first Hispanic manager. After working with a series of minor league teams, he took the helm for the Cleveland Indians from 1951-1956, and then moved on to the Chicago White Sox, where he finished out his career. In 1977, Lopez was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, the first Tampan to receive the honor.
Other Smokers to reach the major leagues included Manuel Domingues "Curly" Onis, Charlie Cuellar, and Elisha Matthew "Bitsy" Mott. Mott's son Jimmy served as a bat boy for the team during his father's tenure as a Smoker. The other players sometimes called him "Smoker, Jr." When the father left the team in 1949, the son chose to go with him, even though he was offered the job for another year. When team president Tom Spicola discussed the matter with young Jimmy, he said, "Well, Pop won't be around so I don't guess I'll be either." And that was the end of it.
The Smokers and the star players raised by the team were memorialized in various ways over the years. In 1954, the city of Tampa opened Al Lopez Field, which became a training base for major league teams such as the Chicago White Sox and the Cincinnati Reds. In 2011, the Tampa Bay Rays paid tribute to the 1951 Tampa Smokers squad that won the 1951 Florida International League pennant. It was a nice gesture, all agreed, although the Rays ruffled a few feathers when they chose to omit the traditional cigar from the front of the uniform. Locals argued that whatever the present attitude toward tobacco, Tampa' heritage was still very much tied to the cigar industry.
What are your favorite Florida sports teams? Have you checked to see if we have any historic photos of them in the Florida Photographic Collection? Share your favorites on Facebook, or share a story about your first time at a baseball game by leaving a comment below.


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If you own a related fanlisting and would like to be added here, please send in an email .
Links and credits
All materials and information presented on this website are for non-profit purposes and may not be taken or used without permission. All images belong to their respective authors. No copyright infringement intended. Everything else is © Cliodhna.


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We have been engraving cake pans since 1995, and take great pride in our superior craftsmanship and customer service. The other thing that really sets us apart from the "volume manufacturers" is the fact that we still engrave by hand and we don't limit your personalization to a choice of one or two phrases; and if Lisa dots her "i" with a heart, we can do that too! I do believe we've got the most clever and creative customers around when it comes to personalizations.
Also exciting is our cake pan fundraisers. Our organizations have been very pleased with their results. They love the fact that people actually want to buy the cake pans. Many do the fundraisers twice a year because their customers keep asking for more! If you would like to receive fundraiser information, please call or email us at email@example.com.


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Viewpoints: Do MPs agree with Brand and Paxman?
BBC presenter Jeremy Paxman has condemned the "green-bench pantomime in Westminster" and comedian Russell Brand has criticised "the lies, treachery and deceit of the political class". BBC Radio 4's PM programme asked three MPs for their views on voter apathy.
Tim Loughton, Conservative MP for East Worthing and Shoreham
Like it or not, most people's lives are run by political decisions and those political decisions are made by politicians that you elect.
The trouble is that not enough people bother to go out and elect us.
There's a cynicism; we don't help ourselves. Interestingly, last night I was at a dinner and an MP got up and the first thing she said was: "Before I was an MP I had a proper job." She was a youth worker.
We're actually quite self-deprecating and that plays into the hands of cynical people, of which I would count Jeremy Paxman, who have this caricature of politicians as a bunch of duplicitous so-and-sos on some big gravy train, living the life of Riley.
Actually being an MP is a job, it's an exceptional job, and most of us spend an awful lot of time, blood, sweat and tears, putting a lot of effort into it.
I don't mind people attacking my political policies, and they can say I've got it absolutely wrong over certain things I've been doing in my constituency, or in Westminster - but this constant attack that actually all MPs are duplicitous, and we're just on this gravy train and we're good for nothing, and it's all a pantomime is deeply undermining of the democratic process, and can only switch people off from bothering to vote, particularly young people.
That's why barely 40% of young people at the last election who were able to vote for the first time - 18 to 24-year-olds - actually bothered to vote, and that really is worrying for the future.
[Russell Brand is] deeply destructive, actually. Watching that interview with Jeremy Paxman he's very amusing, very articulate, but it's deeply destructive, the influence on young people who think, "Gosh, Russell said we shouldn't bother to vote, let's not vote".
The way not to get [turnout] to improve is to say, it's all a waste of time and to go on the champagne anarchist ego trip that Russell Brand is on. That really doesn't help.
Margaret Hodge, Labour MP for Barking
I did some work at the beginning of the century, in 2001, when the turnout in my constituency was particularly low.
What I found was that people weren't apathetic about voting, they were angry. It was anger not apathy that motivated them.
The problem really is that we tend to set our agenda from the Westminster bubble, so what concerns us here in Westminster.... we really don't listen, and we really don't connect to people in the community enough.
So I've completely changed the way I do my politics from that experience.
Now the first thing I do is listen, and people's politics really starts from the local, they care about what's happening in their home, and in their local community.
Quite often I can't address the national issues that worry them: I couldn't address the issues about immigration in Barking before the last election, or the lack of social housing.
But I could address the issues about the post boxes, where they were sited, or whether the rubbish was collected, or whether we had prostitution on the street corner.
When I started addressing those issues that really concerned them, I connected with local people, I started to build trust, and I then got people voting again and voting for me, and seeing off [2010 BNP general election candidate for Barking] Nick Griffin.
Whilst Russell Brand may be right to be fed up, the answer is not revolution.
Sir Menzies Campbell, Lib Dem MP for North East Fife
There are no great divides in principle between the three parties.
By and large we're all in favour of the mixed economy, we're all by and large - with some exceptions - in favour of state education, the kind of things which were battles between different parties have disappeared.
In addition to that, politics has become a question of management: can you manage the economy better than I can?
The third thing, rather paradoxically, is that the information technology revolution has meant that the age of deference has been swept aside, and I'm in no doubt whatsoever that there were people in the House of Commons 20, 30, 40 years ago who were a lot less than the perfect MP, but of course in those days no-one knew.
On the whole question of executive pay: 50 years ago, my mother wouldn't have had the slightest idea what the director general of the BBC was paid, and she wouldn't have thought it was her business, but now because information is better available people are better informed and inevitably people are less charitable.
[Russell Brand showed] a real lack of self-awareness: everything's wrong, but absolutely no suggestions as to how it would be put right.
If Russell Brand were the prime minister, imagine what kind of country it would be - if you possibly can.
The text in this article is abridged from a panel discussion on BBC Radio 4's PM programme.


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Now closed for the 2019 season
photo courtesy of MACCIO FOTOGRAFIA
the Local History Room collectS data and materials pertaining to the history of East Rochester
Police Directory, Police Blotter, Sex Offender Registry, Winter Parking, Prescription Drop-Off, Crossing Guards
The East Rochester Fire Department is comprised of 54 active firefighters.
The Department of Public Works picks up your trash once a week based on the pick-up schedule.
The Cable TV Commission operates ERCN Channel 12, a community access television station, which is on the air seven days a week.
The Clerk's Office is the best general resource for information about all operations within the Town/Village of East Rochester.
The East Rochester Town Court is in session every Monday, except holidays, beginning at 5:30 pm. Please call the court office for eviction days and times.
The four areas that compose our East Rochester parks are, like many other small communities, one of the most valuable resources we have.
Take a virtual tour of the East Rochester community.
Watch the Live Stream of East Rochester Community Television from ERCN-12
View All Events
In partnership with the University of Rochester Medical Center and 1 of only 13 in the country, the Mobile Stroke Unit is scheduled to being service next week.
The East Rochester Parks Committee dedicated a bench to Emidio Rossi and his Family. The bench is located on the 100 block of W. Commercial street.
View All Headlines
learn More About ERCN Channel 12 Bulletin Board Submission Form
We chose East Rochester because of the central location as well as the commitment to business development clearly demonstrated by the municipal leaders. As an added bonus, we enjoy the friendly and loyal community atmosphere as well as the small town feel.
We decided to open here because of the location, access to parking, affordability and to be a part of East Rochester's economic growth. The East Rochester community has been so supportive and welcoming. The whole experience has just been amazing.
Town/Village of East Rochester
317 Main Street
East Rochester, New York 14445
: (585) 586-3553 | : (585) 419-8282
Virtual Tour of
Watch Now
East Rochester was originally called Despatch because of its proximity to the railroad. The word came from the name of the first major company to locate here...
Learn more »


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This space is usually reserved for single image Sundays/Saturdays, but this week, it's bonus time with a look both behind the scenes and close-up.
Sometimes, the moment presents itself to you and it's just your job to step up and be a part of it. Awesome when that happens. Bonus: a behind the scenes view of what goes into a shot like this. Not very glamorous, but interesting, perhaps.
Like this? Do me a favor & share it on Twitter — thanks!
What do you think? Have you ever had a photo opportunity present itself to you, and were you ready to get the shot? Do you make a special effort to have your mobile phone ready just in case? Let us hear from you in the comments!
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Conner Bleackley on what Avs development camp is all about
A lot of people ask "what is development camp all about?" and this story tries to answer that question.
It's about "learning to be a pro" off the ice, essentially. The newest first-round pick of the Avalanche, center Conner Bleackley (I'm sure to misspell this name at some point) talked to a few reporters today about what it's been like at Avs development camp so far.
A couple other things:
– Avs will hold a rookie camp this year. Word is it'll start Sept. 8 at the practice facility. They haven't had one the last few years, so this will be a nice thing for hardcore fans again.
– Nothing new to report on talks with Ryan O'Reilly. My personal belief is this thing is headed to arbitration, O'Reilly will choose a two-year deal and be traded away before that. Maybe I'll be proven wrong.


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Chances are you've come across a host of them. If you're at all skeptical about climate change, you've been suckered in. Any and all climate scientists will tell you that dramatic change is happening to our climate, and we have something to do with it.
Anything else is carefully-planned confusion by big energy groups who stand to lose a ton of money.
A new book called, Climate Cover-Up: The Crusade to Deny Global Warming by James Hoggan and Richard Littlemore, exposes the global-warming denial campaign in vicious, irrefutable fashion. This book isn't some silly bit of finger-waving by activists, but a concise, well-researched (thanks in large part to my friend, Kevin Grandia) piece of journalism by people who have been immersed in the PR industry for decades.
These people are qualified to call shit...well, shit.
Here's a quote from a review of Climate Cover-Up in The Vancouver Sun:
"Climate Cover-up: The Crusade to Deny Global Warming is a remarkable deconstruction of what he (Hoggan) argues is a carefully orchestrated propaganda campaign whose goal is to set the agenda in climate policy by discrediting legitimate science and manipulating public perceptions of the scientific evidence.
This isn't a book about the science behind global warming scenarios, it's an analysis by a well-informed insider of how the debate was skilfully framed by public relations experts to call that science into question, exploit the media's weakness for a good controversy and ultimately to sow confusion and doubt in the public's mind."


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Asics Gel-Arctic 4 WR: The Winter Runner features a water-resistant, breathable upper, metal pins for traction on icy roads and packed snow, and gel cushions under the forefoot and heel.
Likes: The shoe for icy roads and trails. Under its vast, comfortable forefoot compartment is the footwear equivalent of snow tires: a heavily lugged sole studded with nine screw-in/screw-out 1/4-inch pins that keep you from slipping on icy roads or trails; a screwdriver is included, allowing you to turn them into regular shoes in a couple of minutes.
Dislikes: While the pins make the shoe far more secure, they don't compare to add-on devices like YakTracks, which have much larger spikes. Also, it weighs 15 ounces, quite heavy for a running shoe.
Price: $120. Asicsamerica.com
Shoe in a rain jacket
New Balance MT110: The minimalist, low-profile, lightweight, lace-up winter trail running shoe has a foot-like shape that is completely wrapped in a zip-up waterproof nylon skin that extends 5.5 inches from the heel up the ankle.
Likes: Minimalist runners will love this combination of lightweight (10 ounces), glove-like comfort and protection from the elements. Great for pavement as well as trails, the MT110 includes an almost-flat 4-millimeter drop from heel to forefoot, a low-profile lugged sole that gives you good ground feel and a super-wide, natural-shaped toe box that makes it almost as comfortable as the Vibrams. The high ankle covering seals out the cold and wet.
Dislikes: It takes even longer to put on this shoe than the Vibrams, as you must unlace the inner shoe and somehow wiggle your foot in before zipping it all up. But it's worth it.
Price: $124. Newbalance.com
Warming up to it
Adidas Clima Tempest M: A conventional cushioned running shoe includes an upper made of a breathable "Climawarm" material that is designed to keep your feet warm and dry.
Likes: Good looks, including four see-through shafts burrowed through the foam soles from side to side. Plenty of cushioning for heel strikers. The bootie design, with the tongue sewed into the upper, is comfortable. Weighs 11.5 ounces in size 9.5.
Dislikes: It's overbuilt for minimalist runners and forefoot landers.
Price: $90. Adidas.com
Wallack is coauthor of "Barefoot Running Step by Step" and "Bike for Life: How to Ride to 100."firstname.lastname@example.com


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savinggrace needed a new stationery design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 31 designs submitted by 7 freelance designers.
I am looking for letterhead that can both be printed and used as a PDF, a business card template and envelopes.
Saving Grace Consulting
QuickBooks and Payroll Services
Desired Color Scheme:
Match the Logo - Purple and Blue
Desired Style:
Clean, Feminine, Sharp - work off of our logo
Accepted File Formats:
Standard Web Formats (.jpg, .gif or .png); Vector Formats (.eps, .pdf or .ai); Layered Formats (.psd or .tiff)
The business cards need to be sleek and feminine and should incorporate our logo. Â
This is our website: http://www.savinggraceconsulting.com/ under construction, I already have a designer working on it). I also have the logo in different formats and can provide it upon request.
I ran a sitepoint contest for my logo, so you can see the details and feedback I gave on the logo design here: http://contests.sitepoint.com/contests/3134Â.. this might help give some insight as to the style I am looking for.
The business card should have some information about my services. Normally I use something to the effect of "QuickBooks, Bookkeeping and Payroll Services" but I just want to get what I do on the card so someone looking at it knows. "Saving Grace Consulting" is pretty ambiguous. I am considering double sided cards.
I would like the letterhead to have items on the top and bottom, or on the sides. It should be clean, but not so simple that its boring.


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| Herbs & Supplements:
Sources | Therapeutic Dosages | Therapeutic Uses | What Is the Scientific Evidence for Glucosamine? | Safety Issues | References
Glucosamine, most commonly used in the form glucosamine sulfate, is a simple molecule derived from glucose, the principal sugar found in blood. In glucosamine, one oxygen atom in glucose is replaced by a nitrogen atom. The chemical term for this modified form of glucose is
amino sugar.
Glucosamine is produced naturally in the body, where it is a key building block for making cartilage.
There is no US Dietary Reference Intake for glucosamine. Your body makes all the glucosamine it needs from building blocks found in foods.
Glucosamine is not usually obtained directly from food. Glucosamine supplements are derived from chitin, a substance found in the shells of shrimp, lobsters, and crabs.
Osteoarthritis is a disease in which cartilage in joints becomes stiffer and may wear away. Glucosamine is used to treat this condition. A typical dosage of glucosamine is 500 mg 3 times daily. A 1,500-mg dose taken once daily is another option.6
Glucosamine is available in three forms: glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine hydrochloride, and N-acetyl glucosamine. All three forms are sold as tablets or capsules. There is some dispute over which form is best. One study provides some evidence that glucosamine hydrochloride and glucosamine sulfate are equally effective.53
Glucosamine is often sold in combination with
chondroitin. It is not known whether this combination treatment is better than glucosamine alone, although animal studies suggest that this may be the case.7,8
Glucosamine is widely accepted as a treatment for
osteoarthritis. However, the current evidence from double-blind studies is highly inconsistent, with many of the most recent and best-designed studies failing to find significant benefit.9-15,23,24,32,41-45,54,70,72 According to the positive studies, glucosamine acts more slowly than conventional treatments, such as ibuprofen, but eventually produces approximately equivalent benefits. In addition, unlike conventional treatments, glucosamine might also help prevent progressive joint damage, thereby slowing the course of the disease.15,42,50
However, both these potential benefits remain controversial in light of the most recent trials.
Glucosamine has also shown some promise for osteochondritis of the knee, a cartilage disease related to osteoarthritis.46
Some athletes use glucosamine, in the (unproven) belief that it can prevent
muscle and tendon injuries. It has also been suggested as a treatment for
tendonitis. However, there is no meaningful scientific evidence to support these potential uses. Exercise can also produce short-term muscle soreness. In one study, use of glucosamine not only failed to prove effective for reducing this type of pain, it actually increased it.63 However, one study found somewhat inconsistent evidence hinting that glucosamine might aid recovery from acute knee injuries experienced by competitive athletes.66
Glucosamine might also be helpful for
rheumatoid arthritis, according to a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 51 people.59
In this study, use of glucosamine at a dose of 1,500 mg daily significantly improved symptoms. It did not, however, alter measures of inflammation as determined through blood tests.
Inconsistent evidence suggests that glucosamine supplements might relieve pain and other symptoms of osteoarthritis. Two types of studies have been performed, those that compared glucosamine against placebo and those that compared it against standard medications.
In the
placebo-controlled category, one of the best trials was a 3-year, double-blind study of 212 people with osteoarthritis of the knee.15
Participants receiving glucosamine showed reduced symptoms as compared to those receiving placebo.
Benefits were also seen in other double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, enrolling a total of more than 1,000 people and ranging in length from 4 weeks to 3 years.16,32, 42,44-45,61
Other double-blind studies, enrolling a total of more than 400 people, compared glucosamine against ibuprofen. These studies found glucosamine equally effective as the drug.19-21 Furthermore, one of the placebo-controlled trials noted above (unfortunately, only reported in abstract form) also included people given the drug piroxicam, and again found equivalent benefits.17,18
However, most recent studies have been less promising. In four studies involving a total of about 500 people, use of glucosamine failed to provide any meaningful improvement in symptoms.23,24,41,55 And the list goes on. In a study involving 222 participants with hip osteoarthritis, 2 years of treatment with glucosamine was no better than placebo for pain, function, or x-ray findings.70 Another trial involving 147 women with osteoarthritis found glucosamine to be no more effective than home exercises over an 18-month period.71
In a double-blind trial, researchers evaluated the effects of stopping glucosamine after taking it for 6 months. Involving 137 people with osteoarthritis of the knee, the study found that participants who stopped using glucosamine (and, unbeknownst to them, took placebo instead) did no worse than people who stayed on glucosamine.56
In another, very large (1,583-participant) study, neither glucosamine (as glucosamine hydrochloride) nor glucosamine plus chondroitin was more effective than placebo.57 Another trial failed to find benefit with glucosamine plus chondroitin.65 And finally, in a systematic review including 10 randomized trials involving 3,803 patients with osteoarthritis of hip or knee, researchers found that glucosamine alone or with chondroitin did not improve pain.72 It appears that most of the positive studies were funded by manufacturers of glucosamine products, and most of the studies performed by neutral researchers failed to find benefit.67
Many popular glucosamine products combine this supplement with
methylsulfonylmethane (MSM). One study published in India reported that both MSM and glucosamine improve arthritis symptoms as compared to placebo, but that the combination of MSM and glucosamine was even more effective than either supplement separately.64
However, India has not yet achieved a reputation for conducting reliable medical trials.
Conventional treatments for osteoarthritis reduce the symptoms, but don't slow the actual progress of the disease. In fact, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as indomethacin, might actually speed the progression of osteoarthritis by interfering with cartilage repair and promoting cartilage destruction (though the evidence for this is weak).1-5
In contrast, two studies reported that glucosamine can slow the progression of osteoarthritis.
A 3-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 212 people found indications that glucosamine may protect joints from further damage.25 Over the course of the study, individuals given glucosamine showed some actual improvement in pain and mobility, while those given placebo worsened steadily. Perhaps even more importantly, x-rays showed that glucosamine treatment prevented progressive damage to the knee joint. Another large, 3-year study enrolling 202 people found similar results.42 Furthermore, a follow-up analysis, done 5 years after the conclusion of these two studies, found suggestive evidence that use of glucosamine reduced the need for knee replacement surgery.68
As with the positive studies of glucosamine for reducing symptoms, all of these studies were funded by a major glucosamine manufacturer.
A 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effectiveness of glucosamine at 2,000 mg daily in 50 people with continuing knee pain, mostly caused by osteochondritis (damage to the articular cartilage of the knee) rather than osteoarthritis.46
The results were somewhat equivocal, but appeared to indicate that glucosamine could improve symptoms. Some participants may have also had osteoarthritis, so the results of this study are a bit difficult to interpret.
Glucosamine appears to be a generally safe treatment and has not been associated with significant side effects. A few case reports and
animal studies raised concerns that glucosamine might raise blood sugar in people with diabetes, but subsequent studies have tended to lay these concerns to rest.34-39,48,49,52,58,60,69 Glucosamine does not appear to affect cholesterol levels either.62
There is one case report of an allergic reaction to a glucosamine/chondroitin product, causing exacerbation of
Brandt KD. Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on chondrocyte metabolism in vitro and in vivo.
Am J Med.
Brooks PM, Potter SR, Buchanan WW. NSAID and osteoarthritis—help or hindrance?
J Rheumatol.
Shield MJ. Anti-inflammatory drugs and their effects on cartilage synthesis and renal function.
Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm.
Palmoski MJ, Brandt KD. Effects of some nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on proteoglycan metabolism and organization in canine articular cartilage.
Arthritis Rheum.
Rashad S, Revell P, Hemingway A, et al. Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the course of osteoarthritis.
Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Rovati L, et al. Long-term effects of glucosamine sulphate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Lippiello L, Woodward J, Karpman R, et al. In vivo chondroprotection and metabolic synergy of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate.
Clin Orthop.
8. Lippiello L, Karpman RR, Hammad T. Synergistic effect of glucosamine HCL and chondroitin sulfate on in vitro proteoglycan synthesis by bovine chondrocytes. Presented at: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 67th Annual Meeting; March 15-19, 2000; Orlando, Fla.
Noack W, Fischer M, Forster KK, et al. Glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage.
Rovati LC. A large, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of glucosamine sulfate vs. piroxicam and vs. their association, on the kinetics of the symptomatic effect in knee osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage.
1994;2(suppl 1):56.
11. Rovati LC. The practical development of a selective drug for osteoarthritis: glucosamine sulfate. Presented at: The Ninth EULAR Symposium; October 7-10, 1996; Madrid, Spain.
Qiu GX, Gao SN, Giacovelli G, et al. Efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate versus ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Muller-Fassbender H, Bach GL, Haase W, et al. Glucosamine sulfate compared to ibuprofen in osteoarthritis of the knee.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage.
Thie NM, Prasad NG, Major PW. Evaluation of glucosamine sulfate compared to ibuprofen for the treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: a randomized double blind controlled 3 month clinical trial.
J Rheumatol.
Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Rovati L, et al. Long-term effects of glucosamine sulphate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Noack W, Fischer M, Forster KK, et al. Glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage.
Rovati LC. A large, randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind study of glucosamine sulfate vs. piroxicam and vs. their association, on the kinetics of the symptomatic effect in knee osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage.
1994;2(suppl 1):56.
18. Rovati LC. The practical development of a selective drug for osteoarthritis: glucosamine sulfate. Presented at: The Ninth EULAR Symposium; October 7-10, 1996; Madrid, Spain.
Qiu GX, Gao SN, Giacovelli G, et al. Efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate versus ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Muller-Fassbender H, Bach GL, Haase W, et al. Glucosamine sulfate compared to ibuprofen in osteoarthritis of the knee.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage.
Thie NM, Prasad NG, Major PW. Evaluation of glucosamine sulfate compared to ibuprofen for the treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: a randomized double blind controlled 3 month clinical trial.
J Rheumatol.
Das A Jr and Hammad TA. Efficacy of a combination of FCHG49 glucosamine hydrochloride, TRH122 low molecular weight sodium chondroitin sulfate and manganese ascorbate in the management of knee osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2000;8:343-350.
Rindone JP, Hiller D, Collacott E, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of glucosamine for treating osteoarthritis of the knee.
West J Med.
Houpt JB, McMillan R, Wein C, et al. Effect of glucosamine hydrochloride in the treatment of pain of osteoarthritis of the knee.
J Rheumatol.
Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Rovati L, et al. Long-term effects of glucosamine sulphate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Cohen M, Wolfe R, Mai T, et al. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial of a topical cream containing glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and camphor for osteoarthritis of the knee.
J Rheumatol.
Tallia AF, Cardone DA. Asthma exacerbation associated with glucosamine-chondroitin supplement.
J Am Board Fam Pract.
28. Jimenez SA. The effects of glucosamine on human chondrocyte gene expression. Presented at: The Ninth EULAR Symposium; October 7-10, 1996; Madrid, Spain.
29. Hellio MP. The effects of glucosamine on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. In vitro investigations. Presented at: The Ninth EULAR Symposium; October 7-10, 1996; Madrid, Spain.
Setnikar I, Pacini MA, Revel L. Antiarthritic effects of glucosamine sulfate studied in animal models.
Setnikar I. Antireactive properties of "chondroprotective" drugs.
Int J Tissue React.
Crolle G, D'Este E. Glucosamine sulfate for the management of arthrosis: a controlled clinical investigation.
Curr Med Res Opin.
Qiu GX, Gao SN, Giacovelli G, et al. Efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate versus ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Shankar RR, Zhu JS, Baron AD. Glucosamine infusion in rats mimics the beta-cell dysfunction of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
35. Head K. Personal communication of case reports. 1999.
Patti ME, Virkamaki A, Landaker EJ, et al. Activation of the hexosamine pathway by glucosamine in vivo induces insulin resistance of early postreceptor insulin signaling events in skeletal muscle.
Virkamaki A, Yki-Jarvinen H. Allosteric regulation of glycogen synthase and hexokinase by glucosamine-6-phosphate during glucosamine-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and heart.
Almada AL, Harvey PW, Platt KJ. Effect of chronic oral glucosamine sulfate upon fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI) in nondiabetic individuals [abstract].
Monauni T, Zenti MG, Cretti A, et al. Effects of glucosamine infusion on insulin secretion and insulin action in humans.
Ajiboye R, Harding JJ. The non-enzymic glycosylation of bovine lens proteins by glucosamine and its inhibition by aspirin, ibuprofen and glutathione.
Exp Eye Res.
Hughes R, Carr A. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of glucosamine sulphate as an analgesic in osteoarthritis of the knee.
Rheumatology (Oxford).
Pavelka K, Gatterova J, Olejarova M, et al. Glucosamine sulfate use and delay of progression of knee osteoarthritis: a 3-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.
Arch Intern Med.
McAlindon TE, LaValley MP, Gulin JP, et al. Glucosamine and chondroitin for treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic quality assessment and meta-analysis.
D'Ambrosio E, Casa B, Bompani R, et al. Glucosamine sulphate: a controlled clinical investigation in arthrosis.
Drovanti A, Bignamini AA, Rovati AL. Therapeutic activity of oral glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthrosis: a placebo-controlled double-blind investigation.
Clin Ther.
Braham R, Dawson B, Goodman C. The effect of glucosamine supplementation on people experiencing regular knee pain.
Br J Sports Med.
Nguyen P, Mohamed SE, Gardiner D, et al. A randomized double-blind clinical trial of the effect of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride on temporomandibular joint disorders: a pilot study.
Scroggie DA, Albright A, Harris MD. The effect of glucosamine-chondroitin supplementation on glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial.
Arch Intern Med.
Yu JG, Boies SM, Olefsky JM. The effect of oral glucosamine sulfate on insulin sensitivity in human subjects.
Diabetes Care.
Richy F, Bruyere O, Ethgen O, et al. Structural and symptomatic efficacy of glucosamine and chondroitin in knee osteoarthritis: a comprehensive meta-analysis.
Arch Intern Med.
Bruyere O, Pavelka K, Rovati LC, et al. Glucosamine sulfate reduces osteoarthritis progression in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis: evidence from two 3-year studies.
Tannis AJ, Barban J, Conquer JA. Effect of glucosamine supplementation on fasting and non-fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations in healthy individuals.
Osteoarthritis Cartilag.e
Qiu GX, Weng XS, Zhang K, et al. A multi-central, randomized, controlled clinical trial of glucosamine hydrochloride/sulfate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi.
Clegg DO, Reda DJ, Harris CL, et al. Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis.
N Engl J Med.
McAlindon T, Formica M, LaValley M, et al. Effectiveness of glucosamine for symptoms of knee osteoarthritis: results from an internet-based randomized double-blind controlled trial.
Am J Med.
Cibere J, Kopec JA, Thorne A, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled glucosamine discontinuation trial in knee osteoarthritis.
Arthritis Rheum.
2004 Oct 11. [Epub ahead of print]
Clegg DO, Reda DJ, Harris CL, et al. Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis.
N Engl J Med.
Anderson JW, Nicolosi RJ, Borzelleca JF, et al. Glucosamine effects in humans: a review of effects on glucose metabolism, side effects, safety considerations and efficacy.
Food Chem Toxicol.
Nakamura H, Masuko K, Yudoh K, et al. Effects of glucosamine administration on patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatol Int.
2006 Sep 5. [Epub ahead of print]
Muniyappa R, Karne RJ, Hall G, et al. Oral glucosamine for 6 weeks at standard doses does not cause or worsen insulin resistance or endothelial dysfunction in lean or obese subjects.
Herrero-Beaumont G, Ivorra JA, Del Carmen Trabado M, et al. Glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study using acetaminophen as a side comparator.
Arthritis Rheum.
2007 Jan 30. [Epub ahead of print]
Ostergaard K, Hviid T, Hyllested-Winge JL. The effect of glucosamine sulphate on the blood levels of cholesterol or triglycerides—a clinical study.
Ugeskr Laeger.
Arendt-Nielsen L, Weidner M, Bartholin D, Rosetzsky A. A double-blind randomized placebo controlled parallel group study evaluating the effects of ibuprofen and glucosamine sulfate on exercise induced muscle soreness.
J Musculoskelet Pain.
Usha PR, Naidu MU. Randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study of oral glucosamine, methylsulfonylmethane and their combination in osteoarthritis.
Clin Drug Investig.
Messier SP, Mihalko S, Loeser RF, et al. Glucosamine/chondroitin combined with exercise for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a preliminary study.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage.
2007 Jun 8. [Epub ahead of print]
Ostojic SM, Arsic M, Prodanovic S, et al. Glucosamine administration in athletes: effects on recovery of acute knee injury.
Res Sports Med.
Vlad SC, Lavalley MP, McAlindon TE, et al. Glucosamine for pain in osteoarthritis: Why do trial results differ?
Arthritis Rheum.
2007 Jun 28. [Epub ahead of print]
Bruyere O, Pavelka K, Rovati LC, et al. Total joint replacement after glucosamine sulphate treatment in knee osteoarthritis: results of a mean 8-year observation of patients from two previous 3-year, randomised, placebo-controlled trials.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage.
2007 Jul 26. [Epub ahead of print]
Albert SG, Fishman Oiknine R, Parseghian S, et al. The effect of glucosamine on serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein AI levels in people with diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Care.
2007 Aug 6. [Epub ahead of print]
Rozendaal RM, Koes BW, van Osch GJ, et al. Effect of glucosamine sulfate on hip osteoarthritis: a randomized trial.
Ann Intern Med.
Kawasaki T, Kurosawa H, Ikeda H, et al. Additive effects of glucosamine or risedronate for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee combined with home exercise: a prospective randomized 18-month trial.
J Bone Miner Metab.
Wandel S, Jüni P, Tendal B, et al. Effects of glucosamine, chondroitin, or placebo in patients with osteoarthritis of hip or knee: network meta-analysis.
Last reviewed December 2015 by EBSCO CAM Review BoardLast Updated: 12/15/2015
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One of the reason why phlebotomy has becoming extremely popular is that the
amount of schooling is minimal. It could take as short as 3 months to get
certified, although most phlebotomy jobs do not require a certificate. Only
California and Louisiana are one of the few states that require a certificate
for practice. However, it is always better to get certified for obvious
reasons, one of which is job security.
100% Online & No Standardized Testing
We are committed to helping you achieve your goals and complete your degree as quickly as possible.
Fortis Institute can give you the skills you need to train for a career in the healthcare field.
* Programs vary by location
* Please contact each individual campus for accreditation information
There is a good selection of local community or vocational colleges that
offer programs to get certified for phlebotomy. It is
important to pick a school that is accredited otherwise the
certificate is worthless. Different school offers different programs at a
different cost, but generally, tuition costs varies from school to school and it's best to requires information packets from multiple schools for comparison. Don't forget to factor in misc fees such as book, registration, lab, and housing to get a better understanding of the overall cost. After completing all the required classes, students are expected to pass the exam to be officially certified.
Many vocational or community colleges offer night and weekend classes for
those who are currently working full time. Phlebotomy school requires both
lecture and laboratory classes, such as biology, anatomy, ventipuncture, etc.
Online schooling is also another option and this has become very popular in the
recent years. Many people are able to obtain a degree or certificate without
having to step onto campus. Online school also allows students to learn at
their own pace. For phlebotomy school, students are only
expected to be on campus 25% of the time since some classes require
hands-on-practice. The rest of the lectures, quizzes, discussion, or exams can be done online.
Are you looking for phlebotomy Schools in Cloisters, MD? When choosing a school, candidates should consider three important factors: location, program, and the tuition. Different school offers different types of program that are designed to meet different individual needs. Some programs might take longer to
complete than others. Tuition also varies from school to school. Generally, as long as the school is accredited, the employers only value the experience and
the certificate when making the hiring decision. Therefore, students is recommended to pick an accredited school that is closest to their home and offers program that takes the shortest amount to complete.


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PR2's Fine Motor Skills
Before making the final design revisions for our PR2 robot, we wanted to make sure that we had fully tested the capabilities of our PR2 alpha prototypes. One of the things we needed to verify was if the robot can easily manipulate small objects and perform basic household tasks. Our first challenge in setting up this test was creating a teleoperation station that could control the many degrees of freedom of our robot, from the four caster wheels on the base to the position of the arms to the opening and closing of the grippers.
Last December we created our first rudimentary teleoperation rig, which used our Phasespace motion capture system to move around the arm of the robot. As you can see in the video of that first test, that setup required us to sit inside of a motion capture cage and didn't give us any control over the base or gripper -- and the robot only had one arm. After testing various setups with special gloves, we came up with a new, simplified rig: we shrunk the motion-capture cage down to a single, portable bar, and we glued the motion-capture LEDs onto two salad tongs, one for each arm. We found the cheap salad tongs to be precise, light, and easy to manipulate. In order to control the wheels and and the grippers, we added a set of flight simulator pedals in front of the operator.
With our new setup, we could now test the robot in various parts of our building. First, we made sure that the robot could pick up and manipulate various office items, like pencils, pens, binders, and textbooks. In our building's kitchenette, we made sure the robot could easily interact with cabinets and drawers, as well as common appliances like our refrigerator, microwave, and dishwasher. We were even able to try some two-handed tasks, like folding a towel and opening a water bottle.
Although the PR2 did quite well with all the functional verification tests, there's still a lot of work to be done before the PR2 can perform these tasks without a human operator. Hopefully, with help from our collaborators and the open-source community, we can make this a reality.
-- Vijay Pradeep
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Taking time off work
If cancer or its treatment prevent you from working, you may qualify for benefits that can provide some financial help.
If you have or have had cancer you are protected by law from unfair treatment at work. Where reasonable, your employer should make changes to help you do your job during and after your treatment.
Whether you're an employee, self-employed or working while caring for someone with cancer, we have free resources to help you.
Read how Julia received support from her workplace when she found out she had cancer.
What's happening near you? Find out about support groups, where to get information and how to get involved with Macmillan where you are.
Read Aoife's post about the rights of people affected by cancer in the workplace. She explains how the law can help job applicants, employees and the self-employed.
Share experiences and advice on practical issues when living with cancer, such as money, work, benefits, transport, food and drink, organising support at home, or getting specialist equipment.
We rely on a number of sources to gather evidence for our information. If you'd like further information on the sources we use, please feel free to contact us on: firstname.lastname@example.com
All our information is reviewed by cancer or other relevant professionals to ensure that it's accurate and reflects the best evidence available. We thank all those people who have provided expert review for the information on this page.
Our information is also reviewed by people affected by cancer to ensure it is as relevant and accessible as possible. Thank you to all those people who reviewed what you're reading and have helped our information to develop.
You could help us too when you join our Cancer Voices Network – find out more at: http://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancervoices
Need to talk? Call us free* 0808 808 00 00 7 days a week, 8am-8pm


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Licensing | About CDE | State Board | Offices | Staff Directory | Careers at CDE
You are here
Colorado Ed Flex Program Application
The Colorado Department of Education (CDE) has completed it's 2001 Ed Flex Application containing the states definition of "Adequate Yearly Progress" for Title I schools. The United States Department of Education (ED) will now review the application for compliance with federal laws and regulations. ED may approve the application as written or require modifications. In any event, CDE will work with the ED to have an approved plan prior to June 30, 2001. As soon as approval is granted, CDE will notify all LEA's and BOCES. In the interim, please address all questions to Brad Bylsma: firstname.lastname@example.com
State Ed Flex Plan - Summary
Passed by Congress in 1999, Ed Flex allows the U.S. Secretary of Education to delegate to states the authority to waive certain federal education requirements that may impede state and local efforts to improve education. Ed Flex is designed to give schools more flexibility to put in place educational reforms to raise student academic achievement.
Ed Flex gives Colorado an opportunity to invest federal education dollars based more on local needs and priorities than on strict federal mandates. Ed Flex is an important first step in allowing states the flexibility to help improve their education systems. Ed Flex is one more tool that will make it easier and quicker to implement state and local reform initiatives. It will enhance state and local efforts to make federal education programs an integral part of our reform efforts instead of an obstacle.
Under Ed Flex, the Colorado Department of Education will be empowered to waive some federal elementary and secondary education requirements, enabling schools and districts to better serve their students. Please link to the proposed state Ed Flex Plan by clicking above.
For Additional Information Contact:
Jeff Klein
send an email


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For the second year in a row, CPJ ranked Syria the deadliest country in the world for journalists. Journalists also faced new threats in 2013 as radical Islamist groups strengthened their influence in rebel-held territory and rebel groups saw increased infighting. An unprecedented number of journalists were abducted during the year; many of them were believed to be held by the Al-Qaeda affiliate Islamic State of Iraq and Sham. But the blame did not fall solely with extremist groups. Armed factions affiliated with both the regime and the rebels were implicated in anti-press violations including detention and killing. Throughout the year, as the groups succeeded in silencing dissenting voices with complete impunity, fewer journalists were willing to take on the risks of reporting from Syria. Many international journalists refused to enter the country, and local journalists fled into exile, fearing for their lives.
At least 61 local and international journalists were abducted in 2013 by various sides of the conflict, including government or pro-government militias; rebel or rebel-affiliated groups; and non-Syrian Islamic extremist groups, according to CPJ research. In 2012, CPJ documented at least 23 abductions of local and international journalists.Some of the journalists have since escaped or been released, but approximately 30 journalists remained missing in Syria at the end of 2013. Some of them are believed to be held by the Al-Qaeda affiliate Islamic State of Iraq and Sham (ISIS).
Syria was the deadliest country in the world for journalists this year, with at least 29 local and international journalists killed for their coverage of the conflict. The number includes French freelance photojournalist Olivier Voisin, who was injured in Syria and succumbed to his wounds in Turkey in February.
1. Iraq: 161
2. Philippines: 76
3. Syria: 61
4. Algeria: 60
5. Russia: 56
6. Pakistan: 53
7. Somalia: 52
8. Colombia: 45
9. India: 32
10. Mexico: 29
11. Brazil: 27
12. Afghanistan: 24
13. Turkey: 21
14. Sri Lanka: 19
15. Bosnia: 19
16. Rwanda: 17
17. Tajikistan: 17
18. Sierra Leone: 16
19. Bangladesh: 14
20. Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory: 12
CPJ's worldwide census, conducted on December 1, documented a slight decrease from last year in the number of journalists detained by the government.
One journalist, Abdul Raheem Kour Hassan, director of broadcasting for the local opposition station Watan FM, died while being held at Palestine Branch, a feared prison of Syria's Military Intelligence Security, which is known for its severe abuse of prisoners, Watan FM said.
Since the start of the conflict in 2011, more than 70 Syrian journalists have fled into exile, according to CPJ research.
This mass exodus of journalists mirrors the vast Syrian refugee crisis, with an estimated 40 percent of the Syrian population displaced from their homes. Though reasons for fleeing into exile vary, the results are universal: Exiled journalists are subject to fear, poverty, and uncertainty, while conditions for free expression deteriorate in the countries they leave behind, according to CPJ's annual exile report.


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We asked our friends at Children's Community Health Plan to share asummer health and safety tip for this week's Under the Umbrella. Below you'll find some tips for driveway safety – great information for all parents and kids!
Kids love cars, and when they see a parked car, they don't even think about the possibility of getting hurt or seriously injured. That's why parents have to be extra careful. Here are a few tips to keep your kids safe in and around cars.
Top Safety Tips
- We know you're often in a hurry, but before you drive away, take a few seconds to walk all the way around your parked car to check for children.
- When checking for kids around your vehicle, see if anything that could attract a child, such as a pet, bike or toy, is under or behind your vehicle before getting in and starting the engine.
- Identify and use safe play areas for children, away from parked or moving vehicles. Teach kids to play in these areas instead of in, around or behind a car.
- Accompany kids when they get in and out of a vehicle. Hold their hands while walking near moving vehicles or in driveways and parking lots or on sidewalks.
- Don't allow children to play unattended in parking lots when cars are present.
Need some more tips about driveway safety? Head over to safekids.org.


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A reputed trading company in the market is the king when it comes …
Stock Trading January 13, 2020
I'm Martin Rise, a stock trader and founder of Market 365. I've been involved in stock trading for 20 years and I know all ins and outs of the financial market. I hope my experience will help you destroy your debts, build your savings and accomplish your financial goals, whatever they are.
Martin Rise


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I wonder how many of us have had that thought while being tossed by the storms of illness, change and suffering. I'm not certain who I was addressing when I said that; perhaps God, or maybe the fickle finger of fate. Speaking of fingers, I have one for him. No, not God, I'm not that bold. I was referring to fate. I don't know who or what she/he is but it can't be a pretty sight, perhaps like something out of Harry Potter or even dear Dr. Seuss, with green scaly skin and long, curling fingernails. Come on, we're more beautiful than that.
I know each of us struggle with our medical care, our faith and our families. We become a remake of our former selves. We become undone, like puzzle pieces spread across a floor as we struggle to find bits and pieces that look a bit like we used to or perhaps always hoped to be. This isn't the life I ordered, how about you? It is, however, the life I have, how about you?
Today I'd like to share a story with you about the most amazing surgeon, perhaps of all time. His name is Dr. Benjamin Carson. He is both professor and head of pediatric neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Medical School. Born in Detroit in 1951, Ben Carson and his brother watched their single mother struggle to feed and rear them in fulfilling their life potential. When he was young, he was called the "dummy" of his class. He and his brother spent time watching TV and staring at a bleak future. It didn't take long for their loving, Christian mother to realize they were not living up to their potential. She was a woman of color, insight and great courage. She "laid down the law" to the boys that they would henceforth be limited to two TV shows per week and were required to read two books each week. She also informed them they were to write a book report for her on each book. The boys didn't realize she had great difficulty reading so everyone was challenged. I'm sure there was a great howl that went up from the boys but she loved them enough to be firm. They started with a visit to the local library where they quickly became known to the librarians who would save new books for them as their interests expanded from animals into the other sciences. Ben became very knowledgeable about rocks and stunned his science teacher with his knowledge, naming each kind the teacher exhibited in class, as well as its composition and origin.
Dr. Carson humbly acknowledged he became a bit full of himself when a youngster, as he caught onto the learning situation and became aware of his innate intelligence and his potential. He soon got "knocked down a peg or two" by some of his friends who got sick of his arrogance and then "shaped up." I find it easy to accept his enthusiasm and joy, however, as he went from being the "dummy" in his classroom to being the smartest boy in school. His thirst for knowledge became insatiable as he expanded and later graduated from Yale and the University of Michigan Medical School. He has a firm belief in life as a creation of God and not some evolutionary process. One of my favorite quotes by him is, "I find it as hard to accept the claims of evolution as it is to think that a hurricane blowing through a junkyard could somehow assemble a fully equipped and flight-ready 747…Which is why not one of us has ever doubted that a 747, by its very existence, gives convincing evidence of someone's intelligent design."
He went on to explain the complexities of the human brain are far more amazing and versatile than an airplane and could not have been created by accident. He should know. He's performed world renowned innovative operations such as hemispherectomies which involves removing half of the brain of a child to prevent untreatable seizures. Children adapt better than fully formed adults. He has contributed enormously to new procedures for the separation of conjoined twins, one of the most famous lasting 22 hours and needing the assistance of approximately 75 other medical personnel.
Dr. Carson's mother taught her sons they were capable of anything while she, herself, struggled to pull herself out of poverty and illiteracy. If they were reading a book she would ask them which edition it was. If they said it was the 3rd edition, she would say, you see, someone discovered something new to add and you can do the same. She was a loving woman who wanted her sons to achieve, to believe and to move on in life and not be stuck in the mire of poverty and prejudice. Dr. Carson states if you are fenced in you can jump that fence or you can stay fenced in. Well, maybe many of us can't jump but we can crawl over it and find new territory.
You can rent or buy the movie about his life called GIFTED HANDS, starring Cuba Gooding, Jr. or read one of his many books. I just finished reading THINK BIG: UNLEASHING YOUR POTENTIAL FOR EXCELLENCE. You will be inspired and made richer by the experience, I promise you.
Another inspiring individual is Lolo Jones who excels in the high hurdles event. She had spinal surgery after the 2008 Olympic games and came back to run as good as ever and we each should understand how much struggle went into that. Life is full of hurdles and fences. We only have to stay there if we let ourselves. She was facing spinal surgery yet had the courage to quote Frederick Douglas who said, "Without struggle, there is no progress." Without adversity there is no growth. She qualified for the 2012 Olympics but she didn't win however, she tried. She tried! Can we say the same?
I know. You hurt each day. I hurt each day, too. We have every excuse in the world to stay fenced in by our pain, our limited physical activities of the body and the mind. Our brains and the potential they hold can still be explored from a bed or a chair but not from a coffin. Tick, tock, life is fleeting. What do you want to accomplish? What are your dreams? What do you want to do for others to experience the ultimate high? Deny or flee from anyone who wants to keep you inside that fence. You'll run into those kinds of people every day. Some are politicians. Others are friends and family who tell you you're doing too much or you should move for an easier access place to live.
I was given the advantage of a father who, like Dr. Carson's mother faced illiteracy and poverty as a child but always taught me and my sisters' life could be anything we envisioned for ourselves. Nothing was impossible. He was a man of great personal faith and after his death, my mother received many letters from individuals she didn't even know who he had helped in some way with encouragement, money or some other venue. His life counted. Your life and mine can also count and have meaning. Besides gaining knowledge, isn't the greatest measure of a life what it gives to others? Certainly material things are nice, they're fun and too often a measure of our success but they can be taken from you but the joy that lives in your heart from giving, the knowledge you store in your brain cannot be taken away unless you and I allow them to be.
The famous Englishman George Bernard Shaw once said, "Some men see things as they are, and say, why? I dream things that never were and say, why not?"
Let me close today's blog with these inspiring words from Leonardo Da Vinci, "Oh Lord, Thou givest us everything, at the price of an effort."
I'll make the effort if you will, my dear friends.
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Results from a recent statewide public opinion poll show that nearly two-thirds of Californians favor a part-time legislature.
Resentment has been brewing for some time.
Year after year, the polarized legislature has found it almost impossible to do anything about the state's repeated budget deficits except whack away at critical programs and services.
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The public has become so dismayed that last July, another poll found that only 18 percent of the state's registered voters approved of the legislature's performance. Thus, the growing interest in a part-time legislature.
After all, can matters be any worse?
Maybe so.
On the surface, a part-time legislature would appear to solve a few problems. With less time in Sacramento, there would be less need for full-time legislative staffs and lower salaries for legislators.
Those changes alone could save perhaps $200 million annually.
Meeting part-time might force legislators to get to work sooner rather than later if they had, say, a 120 day window every other year as legislators do in most other states. So, what's not to like?
Tempting as it may be, a part-time legislature might create more problems than the current mess.
Legislators represent people in their districts who elect them to office.As such, their responsibilities are two-fold: to make statewide laws and attend to the needs of their constituents. Their offices in Sacramento and in their districts are gateways for individuals and groups to connect with legislators directly.
A part-time legislature might put both roles in jeopardy.
As part-time policy makers, legislators would become ever more reliant on full-time lobbyists and full-time bureaucrats, neither of whom are elected by anyone.
Part-time legislators would also become second-class policy makers next to the governor, who also serves full-time and has a huge staff to help fashion his policy proposals.
Matters would also become more problematic in the districts that elect legislators.
If legislators meet only for a few months every other year, where would constituents turn for help with questions on current laws, assistance in gaining legislative support for new laws, or getting a legislator's help on working through red tape associated with a permitting process or other regulation?
With part-time legislators, there would be no reason for district offices except for the brief periods that legislators meet.
In this, a state with an economy equal to the eighth largest nation in the world, do we really want policies crafted by unelected lobbyists and bureaucrats whose full-time presence would overwhelm a part-time body that would have even less expertise and knowledge than the current arrangement? Maybe not.
Instead, perhaps we need to take more responsibility for choosing our legislators. Hopefully, better organized and less gerrymandered districts next year courtesy of the Citizens Redistricting Position will help us take that path.
Let us know what you think. Comment below, send us your thoughts via Twitter @PropZero or add your comment to our Facebook page.