text:
A separate leaflet in this series, called 'Mild-to-moderate Chronic Kidney Disease', is more appropriate if you have mild or moderate CKD (stage 1, 2 or 3 CKD).
Understanding the kidneys and urine
The two kidneys lie to the sides of the upper abdomen (the loins), behind the intestines, and either side of the spine. Each kidney is about the size of a large orange, but bean-shaped.
A large artery – the renal artery – takes blood to each kidney. The artery divides into many tiny blood vessels (capillaries) throughout the kidney. In the outer part of the kidneys tiny blood vessels cluster together to form structures called glomeruli.
Each glomerulus is like a filter. The structure of the glomerulus allows waste products and some water and salt to pass from the blood into a tiny channel called a tubule. The liquid that remains at the end of each tubule is called urine. The urine then passes down a tube called a ureter which goes from each kidney to the bladder. Urine is stored in the bladder until it is passed out when we go to the toilet.
The main functions of the kidneys are to:
- Filter out waste products from the bloodstream, to be passed out in the urine.
- Help control blood pressure – partly by the amount of water passed out of the body as urine and partly by making hormones which are involved in blood pressure control.
- Make a hormone called erythropoietin (epo) which stimulates the bone marrow to make red blood cells. This is needed to prevent anaemia.
- Help keep various salts and chemicals in the blood at the right level.
What is chronic kidney disease?
CKD means that your kidneys are diseased or damaged in some way, or are ageing. As a result, your kidneys may not work as well as they used to. So, the various functions of the kidney, as described in the previous section, can be affected. A whole range of conditions can cause CKD (see later).
Some terms explained:
- Chronic means ongoing (persistent or long-term). It does not mean severe as some people think. You can have a mild chronic disease. Many people have mild CKD.
- Renal means relating to the kidney.
- Chronic renal failure is a term that is sometimes used but means much the same as CKD. CKD is a better term as the word failure implies that the kidneys have totally stopped working. In most cases of CKD this is not so. In most people who have CKD there is only a mild or moderate reduction in kidney function, which usually does not cause symptoms, and the kidneys have not 'failed'.
- Acute renal failure means that the function of the kidneys is rapidly affected – over hours or days. For example, the kidneys may go into acute renal failure if you have a serious blood infection which can affect the kidneys. This is in contrast to CKD where the decline in function of the kidneys is very gradual – over months or years. Acute renal failure is not dealt with further in this article.
How is chronic kidney disease diagnosed?
A simple blood test can estimate the volume of blood that is filtered by the glomeruli in your kidneys over a given period of time. This test is called the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A normal eGFR is 90 ml/min/1.73 m or more. If some of the glomeruli (the tiny filters in the kidneys) do not filter as much as normal, then the kidney is said to have reduced or impaired kidney function.
The eGFR test involves a blood test which measures a chemical called creatinine. Creatinine is a breakdown product of muscle. Creatinine is normally cleared from the blood by the kidneys. If your kidneys are not working so well and the glomeruli are not filtering as much blood as normal, the level of creatinine in the blood goes up.
The eGFR is calculated from your age, sex and blood creatinine level. An adjustment to the calculation is needed for people with African-Caribbean origin.
CKD is diagnosed by the eGFR and other factors, and is divided into five stages:
|Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease
|eGFR ml/min/1.73 m
|Stage 1: the eGFR shows normal kidney function but you are already known to have some kidney damage or disease. For example, you may have some protein or blood in your urine, an abnormality of your kidney, kidney inflammation, etc.
|90 or more
|Stage 2: mildly reduced kidney function AND you are already known to have some kidney damage or disease. People with an eGFR of 60-89 without any known kidney damage or disease are not considered to have CKD.
|60 to 89
|Stage 3: moderately reduced kidney function. (With or without a known kidney disease. For example, an elderly person with ageing kidneys may have reduced kidney function without a specific known kidney disease.)
|45 to 59 (3A)
30 to 44 (3B)
|Stage 4: severely reduced kidney function. (With or without known kidney disease.)
|15 to 29
|Stage 5: very severely reduced kidney function. This is sometimes called end-stage kidney failure or established renal failure.
|Less than 15
Note: it is normal for your eGFR to change slightly from one measurement to the next. In some cases these changes may actually be large enough to move you from one stage of CKD to another and then back again. However, as long as your eGFR is not getting progressively worse, it is the average value that is most important.
Who has the estimated glomerular filtration rate test?
The eGFR blood test is commonly done as a routine part of monitoring people with kidney diseases or with conditions that can affect the kidneys, such as diabetes or high blood pressure. It is also often done as a routine test in many medical situations. If you are found to have CKD then the eGFR test is usually done at regular intervals to monitor your kidney function.
How common is chronic kidney disease?
About 1 in 10 people has some degree of CKD. It can develop at any age and various conditions can lead to CKD. It becomes more common with increasing age and is more common in women.
Although about half of people aged 75 or more have some degree of CKD, most of these people do not actually have diseases of their kidneys; they have normal ageing of their kidneys.
Most cases of CKD are mild or moderate.
What causes chronic kidney disease?
A number of conditions can cause permanent damage to the kidneys and/or affect the function of the kidneys and lead to CKD. Three common causes in the UK, which probably account for about 3 in 4 cases of CKD in adults, are:
- Diabetes. Diabetic kidney disease is a common complication of diabetes.
- High blood pressure. Untreated or poorly treated high blood pressure is a major cause of CKD. However, CKD can also cause high blood pressure, as the kidney has a role in blood pressure regulation. About nine out of ten people with CKD stages 3-5 have high blood pressure.
- Ageing kidneys. There appears to be an age-related decline in kidney function. About half of people aged 75 or more have some degree of CKD. In most of these cases the CKD does not progress beyond the moderate stage unless other problems of the kidney develop, such as diabetic kidney disease.
Other less common conditions that can cause CKD include: diseases of the glomeruli, such as glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys); renal artery stenosis (narrowing), haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, blockages to the flow of urine, drug-induced and toxin-induced kidney damage, and repeated kidney infections. However, this list is not complete and there are many other uncommon causes.
What are the symptoms of chronic kidney disease?
You are unlikely to feel unwell or have symptoms with mild-to-moderate CKD – that is, stages 1 to 3. (However, there may be symptoms of an underlying condition such as kidney pain with certain kidney conditions.) CKD is usually diagnosed by the eGFR test before any symptoms develop.
Symptoms tend to develop when CKD becomes severe (stage 4) or worse. The symptoms at first tend to be vague and nonspecific, such as feeling tired, having less energy than usual, and just not feeling well. With more severe CKD, symptoms that may develop include:
- Difficulty thinking clearly.
- A poor appetite.
- Weight loss.
- Dry, itchy skin.
- Muscle cramps.
- Fluid retention which causes swollen feet and ankles.
- Puffiness around the eyes.
- Need to pass urine more often than usual.
- Being pale due to anaemia.
- Feeling sick.
If the kidney function declines to stage 4 or 5 then various other problems may develop. For example, anaemia and an imbalance of calcium, phosphate and other chemicals in the bloodstream. These can cause various symptoms, such as tiredness due to anaemia, and bone thinning or fractures due to calcium and phosphate imbalance. End-stage renal failure (stage 5) is eventually fatal unless treated.
Do I need any further tests?
As mentioned, the eGFR test is done to diagnose and monitor the progression and severity of CKD. For example, it should be done routinely at least once a year in people with stages 1 and 2 CKD, and more frequently if you have stage 3, 4 or 5 CKD.
You are likely to have routine urine dipstick tests from time to time to check for blood and protein in the urine. Also, blood tests may be done from time to time to check on your blood level of chemicals such as sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate. The need for other tests then depends on various factors and your doctor will advise. For example:
- An ultrasound scan of the kidneys or a kidney biopsy may be advised if certain kidney conditions are suspected. For example, if you have a lot of protein or blood in your urine, if you have pain that seems to be coming from a kidney, etc.
- A scan or a biopsy is not needed in most cases. This is because most people with CKD have a known cause for the impaired kidney function, such as a complication of diabetes, high blood pressure or ageing.
- If the CKD progresses to stage 3 or worse then various other tests may be done. For example, blood tests to check for anaemia and an altered level of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH is involved in the control of the blood level of calcium and phosphate.
What is the treatment for chronic kidney disease?
Treatment for most cases of CKD is usually done by GPs. This is because most cases are mild-to-moderate (stages 1-3) and do not require any specialist treatment. Your GP may refer you to a specialist if you develop stage 4 or 5 CKD, or at any stage if you have problems or symptoms that require specialist investigation.
Research studies have shown that, in many people, treatment at early stages of CKD can prevent or slow down progression through to eventual kidney failure.
The aims of treatment include:
- If possible, treat any underlying kidney condition.
- Prevent or slow down the progression of CKD.
- Reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
- Relieve symptoms and problems caused by CKD.
Treating any underlying kidney condition
There are various conditions that can cause CKD. For some of these there may be specific treatments for that particular condition. For example, good glucose control for people with diabetes, blood pressure control for people with high blood pressure, antibiotics for people with recurring kidney infections, surgery for people with a blockage to urine flow, etc.
Preventing or slowing down the progression of chronic kidney disease
Once CKD has developed, in many cases it tends gradually to become worse over months or years. This can occur even if an underlying cause has been treated. You should have checks every now and then by your GP or practice nurse to monitor your kidney function (eGFR). They will also give you treatment and advice on how to prevent or slow down the progression of CKD. This usually includes:
- Blood pressure control. The most important treatment to prevent or delay the progression of CKD, whatever the underlying cause, is to keep your blood pressure well controlled. Most people with CKD will require medication to control their blood pressure. Your doctor will give you a target blood pressure level to aim for. This is usually below 130/80 mm Hg, and even lower in some circumstances.
- Review of your medication. Certain medicines can affect the kidneys as a side-effect which can make CKD worse. For example, if you have CKD you should not take anti-inflammatory medicines unless advised to by a doctor. You may also need to adjust the dose of certain medicines that you may take if your CKD gets worse.
Reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease
People with CKD have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. People with CKD are actually twenty times more likely to die from cardiovascular-related problems than from kidney failure. This is why reducing any other cardiovascular risk factors is so important. See separate leaflet called 'Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases' for details. Briefly, this typically includes:
- Good control of blood pressure (and blood glucose level if you have diabetes).
- Medication to lower your cholesterol level – needed in many cases.
- Where relevant, to tackle lifestyle risk factors. This means to:
- Stop smoking if you smoke and cut back if you drink a lot of alcohol.
- Eat a healthy diet which includes a low salt intake.
- Keep your weight and waist in check.
- Take regular physical activity.
If you have high levels of protein in your urine then you may be advised to take medication even if your blood pressure is normal. A type of medication called an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (for example, captopril, enalapril, ramipril, lisinopril) has been shown to be beneficial for some people with CKD, as it reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and can prevent further worsening of the function of your kidneys.
Relieving symptoms and problems caused by chronic kidney disease
If CKD becomes severe you may need treatment to combat various problems caused by the poor kidney function. For example:
- Anaemia may develop which may need treatment with iron or erythropoietin ('epo') – a hormone normally made by the kidneys.
- Imbalances of calcium or phosphate in the blood may need treatment.
- You may be advised about how much fluid to drink, and how much salt to take.
- Other dietary advice may be given which can help to control factors such as the level of calcium and potassium in your body.
If end-stage kidney failure develops, you are likely to need kidney dialysis or a kidney transplant to survive.
People with stage 3 CKD or worse should be immunised against influenza each year, and have a one-off immunisation against pneumococcus. People with stage 4 CKD should be immunised against hepatitis B.
What is the outlook (prognosis)?
Stages 1-3 CKD (mild-to-moderate) are common, with most cases occurring in older people. It tends to get gradually worse over months or years. However, the rate of progression varies from case to case, and often depends on the severity of any underlying condition. For example, some kidney conditions may cause your kidney function to get worse relatively quickly. However, in most cases CKD progresses only very slowly. Only a small number of people with CKD progresses to end-stage kidney failure (stage 5 CKD) that requires kidney dialysis or kidney transplant.
For many people with CKD there is a much higher risk of developing serious cardiovascular disease than of developing end-stage kidney failure.
In short …
- attention to blood pressure control
- careful review of medications to make sure that the only ones used are those which put least strain on kidneys
- tackling factors that reduce your risk of developing cardiovascular diseases
can make a big difference to your outlook.
Further help and information
National Kidney Federation
The Point, Coach Road, Shireoaks, Worksop, Nottinghamshire S81 8BW
Helpline: 0845 601 0209 Web: www.kidney.org.uk
References and Disclaimer | Provide feedback


text:
The question of what to do with those prisoners at Guantanamo Bay came up again this morning. The Obama administration has asked our European allies to take some of them. EU anti-terrorism chief Gilles de Kerchove says it will take some time for the Europeans to decide how to respond:
"President Obama said he will need a year to close Guantanamo, it shows how difficult it is," EU anti-terrorism coordinator Gilles de Kerchove told reporters.
"So we should not ask the EU to answer in 15 days, that would not be serious … the ministers will discuss it again," he said after the bloc's foreign minister were split on this issue when they first discussed it at a meeting on Monday.
So the problem is that President Bush, that unilateralist cowboy, never got around to asking the EU for help with the detainees? Well, no, not exactly:
He recalled that under the Bush administration, Washington tried in vain, for years, to persuade its allies in the 27-nation EU to take in detainees who cannot go back to their home country and whom the United States does not want either.
No doubt our new President will be far more persuasive. But, then again, the issue is awfully complicated:
"We are not at a point where we can say this country takes in three (inmates) and that one five, we are not there yet … it is a very complex issue, it is not yes or no, black or white," de Kerchove said, pointing to complex legal and security implications.
It's funny how problems start getting more complicated once there's a Democrat in the White House.
Meanwhile, Tom Joscelyn profiles one of those being held at Gitmo, whom the Associated Press tried to whitewash as a mere "assistant cook for the Taliban." Someone should get the word to the AP: this terrorist detention thing is turning out to be a little tougher than Obama thought.
To comment on this post, go here.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Hi I noticed that this forum is very fokused on japanese cutlery or imitation/interpretation of it? I mean, there a so many wondeful knifmakers and fanastic knifecompanies all around the world that get no notice here. I mean not at all! Is there any specific reason? Is because people think japanese cutlery is superior op all other (thats what advertisment tells us, but i see hordes of japanes tourist buying loads and loads of swiss and german cutlery here in europe, so that hardly can be true). Or is it that all the good stuff from France, Switzerland, Austria or Germany is rarly exported und our US-Friends just get the china-made factory stuff like Zwilling, "Messermeister" (completly unknown in Germany) and the such? And have all the right to diss these crappy blades. Dont get me wrong: I love the eastern stuff too, the aesthetics and all. But over the years a i always came back to german super-thin high carbon knives as my goto-knives. And they just cost a fraction... Please enlighten me Greets Benjamin P.S: Please excuse my poor english, it obviously not my motherlanguage


text:
We had a glimpse of the Brucey-free future on Strictly Come Dancing (BBC One) and it looked really rather rosy. Slicker, more pacy, with fewer painful puns and decreased levels of doddering. Let's hope this doesn't mean our veteran host now sleeps less soundly in his sickbed.
This was the second live weekend of the hit hoofing contest and co-host Sir Bruce Forsyth was off sick with flu. Claudia Winkleman stepped in to partner Tess Daly and Winkleman shone like a sequin under the studio lights. She kept proceedings moving with snappy links and rapid-fire interviews, while raising laughs with her ready wit. Middle England might not like her peep-through fringe but that's easily fixed with a pair of scissors. The winningly enthusiastic Winkleman set out her stall tonight as a potential co-host to… probably not Daly, but perhaps Anton Du Beke, Graham Norton or Paul O'Grady when Forsyth finally retires.
Out on the dancefloor, this series continued to display an impressively high standard of dancing. It was the opening public vote tonight and the first elimination tomorrow. Tony Jacklin played on the golf theme but couldn't disguise a limp, lacklustre Charleston and is now cast adrift at the bottom of the scoreboard. It would be a major surprise if he's not first back in the clubhouse tomorrow. The way that the 69-year-old was perspiring and puffing, that might be a small mercy.
At the opposite end of the talent spectrum, popstrel Sophie Ellis-Bextor was the star performer. Her flapper girl Charleston was flicky, kicky and fabulous, incorporating several complicated lifts and flips. Partner Brendan Cole hadn't danced a Charleston in his decade on the show but will surely now rethink that strategy.
When the scores were combined with last week's, though, Ellis-Bextor was pipped by a single point to top spot by Natalie Gumede, whose waltz was full of rise, fall and fluidity. Suspicions remain, however, that Gumede won't connect with the public enough to lift that glitterball trophy in two month's time. A similar fate might befall Abbey Clancy. Last week's pace-setter let her standard drop slightly with a fast but loose Cha Cha, yet still looks a likely finalist, if not a winner.
Susanna Reid impressed again with a fierce, fiery tango. Hollyoaks hunk Ashley Taylor-Dawson was the night's top-performing male, thanks to a suave American Smooth – all the more impressive when you consider that his wife gave birth to their second son this week. Double congratulations and a well-deserved night's sleep were due.
The week's most improved performers were rugby beefcake Ben Cohen, who was much better in hold, and Vanessa Feltz, who turned in an expressive waltz and was moved to tears by the emotion. Casualty's Patrick Robinson and Countdown's Rachel Riley both disappointed, the latter compared by Craig Revel Horwood to "a slug wriggling around in salt".
Gung-ho Hairy Biker Dave Myers and hard-to-like fashion designer Julien Macdonald continue to flirt with the bottom of the scoreboard. The latter looks the most likely to join Jacklin in tomorrow's dance-off. Runway versus fairway: the voting public, for the first time this year, will now have their say. I wonder if Brucey will be picking up the phone too.


text:
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text:
Difference between revisions of "AppArmor"
m (→More Info: added Filename syntax highlighting)
(2.6.1-1 is out)
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AppArmor is currently available in the Arch Linux kernel, userspace support requires [[AUR]] packages.
AppArmor is currently available in the Arch Linux kernel, userspace support requires [[AUR]] packages.
* http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=42279
* http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=42279
* https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/21406
* https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/21406
Revision as of 13:33, 18 August 2011
AppArmor is a MAC (Mandatory Access Control) system, implemented upon LSM (Linux Security Modules).
- 1 Implementation Status
- 2 Links
- 3 AppArmor Packages
- 4 Kernel Configuration
- 5 GRUB Configuration
- 6 System Configuration
- 7 UserSpace Tools
- 8 More Info
- 9 See also
Implementation Status
AppArmor is currently available in the Arch Linux kernel, userspace support requires AUR packages.
It will take some time to make everything work Out-of-the-box. If you know how to build profiles yourself you shouldn't have too many problems.
aur/apparmor package
Added lot of features:
- apparmor-parser
- libapparmor
- apparmor-utils
- apparmor-profiles
- apparmor-notify
- apparmor-lib
- apparmor-perl
- apparmor-python
- apparmor-ruby
- apparmor-dbus
- apparmor-profile-editor
But we still miss following features (TODO):
- init (rc.d) scripts! http://aur.pastebin.com/beQ4BjGX
- chase missing dependencies
- test everything
- make list of files that should go to backup=() arrays in packages...
- changehat modules for PAM(!), Apache and Tomcat (btw those are dependent on libapparmor)
- out-of-box-experience know-how
- make some package with profiles for all [core] packages enabled by default without need for any further user configuration
- etc...
- apparmor gnome applet (can't build, deprecated...)
When compared to Ubuntu
we have almost everything that is in following Ubuntu packages:
- apparmor
- apparmor-profiles
- apparmor-utils
- apparmor-notify
- apparmor-docs
- libapparmor1
- libapparmor-dev
- libapparmor-perl
We don't have
- Template:Filename http://aur.pastebin.com/beQ4BjGX
- packages: libapache2-mod-apparmor libpam-apparmor
- Official pages
- http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/security/apparmor/AppArmor-2.6/
- http://wiki.apparmor.net/index.php/AppArmor_Core_Policy_Reference
- http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1008906 (Tutorial)
- https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AppArmor
- https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/21406
- http://stuff.mit.edu/afs/sipb/contrib/linux/Documentation/apparmor.txt
- https://apparmor.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Kernel_interfaces
- https://apparmor.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/AppArmor_versions
- http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/oneiric/man5/apparmor.d.5.html
- http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/oneiric/man8/apparmor_parser.8.html
- https://apparmor.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Distro_CentOS
- http://bodhizazen.net/aa-profiles/
- https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ApparmorProfileMigration
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Security_Modules
- https://apparmor.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Gittutorial
AppArmor Packages
- Arch's Template:Package Official package has AppArmor support
- aur/apparmor
Kernel Configuration
Here is configuration of ArchLinux kernel which enables AppArmor (just FYI, you don't need to touch it):
CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR=y CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR_BOOTPARAM_VALUE=0 # CONFIG_DEFAULT_SECURITY_APPARMOR is not set
However, integration of AppArmor into the 2.6.36 kernel is not quite complete. It is missing network mediation and some of the interfaces for introspection. See here for details. There are compatibility patches that can be applied to every recent kernel to reintroduce these interfaces. The patchset is pretty small and should be applied if you decide to use AppArmor. (Note: the patchset for 2.6.39 works with Kernel 3.0.x)
GRUB Configuration
To test profiles, or enforce the use of AppArmor it must be enabled at boot time. To do this add apparmor=1 security=apparmor to the kernel boot parameters in Template:Filename so the entry for the Arch Linux kernel looks something like
# (0) Arch Linux title Arch Linux [/boot/vmlinuz26] root (hd0,1) kernel /boot/vmlinuz26 root=/dev/sdaX resume=/dev/sdaY ro apparmor=1 security=apparmor initrd /boot/kernel26.img
Once you are happy with all your profiles, you may wish to force users to boot with AppArmor enabled. To do this add a password entry to the start of Template:Filename. This will prevent users editing any boot entries or using the Grub shell (which permits read access to any file on the system such as Template:Filename) before booting. You can also password protect any insecure entries in Template:Filename that you do not want unauthorized users to boot by adding the lock command (or another password) immediately below the title line for that entry. See Grub#Password_protection or Security in the Grub Manual for more details. If you are going through the trouble of securing Grub, don't forget to secure your BIOS settings as well or users will be able to boot from their own CD's and USB sticks, gaining root access to the machine.
Note that you can safely enable AppArmor and it will not affect the system at all until you enable it, load profiles, and set them to enforce mode with userspace tools. So you don't have to be afraid to enable AppArmor for testing purposes until you are enforcing AA profiles from init scripts (on each startup).
# (0) Arch Linux menuentry "Arch Linux" { set root=(hd0,1) linux /vmlinuz26 root=/dev/sda1 ro apparmor=1 security=apparmor initrd /kernel26.img }
After reboot you can test if apparmor is really enabled using this command as root:
# cat /sys/module/apparmor/parameters/enabled Y
(Y=enabled, N=disabled, no such file = module not in kernel)
AppArmor will be disabled by default in Arch Linux, so you will not need to disable it explicitly until you will build your own kernel with AppArmor enabled by default.
# (0) Arch Linux menuentry "Arch Linux" { set root=(hd0,1) linux /vmlinuz26 root=/dev/sda1 ro apparmor=0 security="" initrd /kernel26.img }
System Configuration
Mounts (Template:Filename securityfs)
none /sys/kernel/security securityfs defaults 0 0
Init scripts
In the future, we'll implement some Template:Filename scripts that will enable and load profiles during startup. http://aur.pastebin.com/beQ4BjGX The RC.d file of Slackware might be more interesting than Ubuntu's init.d version http://sprunge.us/IbeJ
For developers
From Template:Filename
# NOTE: rc.apparmor initscripts that source this file need to implement # the following set of functions: # aa_action # aa_log_action_start # aa_log_action_end # aa_log_success_msg # aa_log_warning_msg # aa_log_failure_msg # aa_log_skipped_msg # aa_log_daemon_msg # aa_log_end_msg
UserSpace Tools
You can currently install userspace tools from AUR.
You need userspace tools that are compatible with your kernel version. The compatibility list can be found here: https://apparmor.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/AppArmor_versions eg.: Kernel 2.6.36 is compatible with AppArmor 2.5.1
More Info
AppArmor, like many other LSMs, supplements rather than replaces the default Discretionary access control.
Ubuntu, Suse and a number of other distributions use it by default. Red Hat (and Fedora) use SELinux which requires good userspace integration to work properly. People tend to agree that it's also much harder to configure correctly.
Taking a common example - A new Flash vulnerability: If you were to browse to a malicious website AppArmor can prevent the exploited plugin from accessing anything that may contain private information.
AppArmor profiles (usually) get stored in easy to read text files in Template:Filename
Every breach of policy triggers a message in the system log, and many distributions also integrate it into DBUS so that you get real-time violation warnings popping up on your desktop.


text: A few days ago Chanel released a new Rouge Coco Shine shade named Royallieu and it is available exclusively on Chanel.com. The soft pink shade is named after Chateau de Royallieu, Étienne Balsan's estate where Coco Chanel stayed with him as his lover. Her stay at Chateau de Royallieu was her introduction to society and she began making hats during her stay there. She also met the love of her life, Boy Capel at Chateau de Royallieu. With so many romantic connotations, it's the perfect color to wear to get ready for some summer lovin'. Rouge Coco Shine Royallieu retails for $32 and is available only online at Chanel.com.


text:
You don't have any saved vehicles!
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Turbocharged,All Wheel Drive,Power Steering,ABS,4-Wheel Disc Brakes,Brake Assist,Aluminum Wheels,Tires - Front Performance,Tires - Rear Performance,Temporary Spare Tire,Sun/Moonroof,Generic Sun/Moonroof,Panoramic Roof,Heated Mirrors,Power Mirror(s),Integrated Turn Signal Mirrors,Rear Defrost,Intermittent Wipers,Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers,Rain Sensing Wipers,Privacy Glass,Rear Spoiler,Power Door Locks,Daytime Running Lights,Automatic Headlights,AM/FM Stereo,CD Player,Satellite Radio,MP3 Player,Bluetooth Connection,Auxiliary Audio Input,HD Radio,Smart Device Integration,Requires Subscription,MP3 Player,Steering Wheel Audio Controls,Power Driver Seat,Power Passenger Seat,Pass-Through Rear Seat,Bucket Seats,Heated Front Seat(s),Driver Adjustable Lumbar,Passenger Adjustable Lumbar,Rear Bench Seat,Pass-Through Rear Seat,Adjustable Steering Wheel,Trip Computer,Power Windows,Telematics,Requires Subscription,Leather Steering Wheel,Keyless Entry,Power Door Locks,Keyless Start,Keyless Entry,Power Door Locks,Cruise Control,A/C,Premium Synthetic Seats,Auto-Dimming Rearview Mirror,Driver Vanity Mirror,Passenger Vanity Mirror,Driver Illuminated Vanity Mirror,Passenger Illuminated Visor Mirror,Floor Mats,Cargo Shade,Keyless Start,Power Windows,Power Door Locks,Trip Computer,Security System,Engine Immobilizer,Traction Control,Stability Control,Traction Control,Front Side Air Bag,Telematics,Requires Subscription,Tire Pressure Monitor,Driver Air Bag,Passenger Air Bag,Front Head Air Bag,Rear Head Air Bag,Passenger Air Bag Sensor,Child Safety Locks,Back-Up Camera
Here at Jennings Volkswagen, we know you have a lot of options when it comes to choosing where to take your business. That is why we try to be the best we can be, working to take care of everyone visits our Glenview, Illinois dealership and making sure they have the best possible experience. We even have the coveted A+ rating from the Better Business Bureau because we always strive to do right by our customers. After all, our customers are the reason we are here.
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Ryokou follows the journey of Shane Perkins from his home in Adelaide post London Olympics to taking residence in Japan whilst competing in the 2012/13 Keirin competition.
The documentary explores the Japanese Keirin as a pivotal part of Shane's personal and professional growth, in context of some of the major events in his career.
The series comprises of 6 episodes which will be released online in early 2013.
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Bethany Christian Reformed Church was established in 1943.
We seek to bring about Christ's rule in the greater Bellflower community. Our shared purpose is to reach out with the good news of Christ through word and deed, to build up by deepening our relationship with God thru Bible study and prayer.
17054 Bixby Avenue Bellflower, CA 90706
Phone:562-866-1812 Fax: 562-866-1823
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 625 Bellflower, CA 90707-0625
Copyright © All rights reserved. Bethany Christian Reformed Church.


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Virginia A. Moyer, MD, PhD; on behalf of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Disclaimer: Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. government. They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Financial Support: The USPSTF is an independent, voluntary body. The U.S. Congress mandates that the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality support the operations of the USPSTF.
Potential Conflicts of Interest: Disclosure forms from USPSTF members can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M12-1086.
Requests for Single Reprints: Reprints are available from the USPSTF Web site (www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org).
Update of the 2008 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement on screening for prostate cancer.
The USPSTF reviewed new evidence on the benefits and harms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)–based screening for prostate cancer, as well as the benefits and harms of treatment of localized prostate cancer.
The USPSTF recommends against PSA-based screening for prostate cancer (grade D recommendation).
This recommendation applies to men in the general U.S. population, regardless of age. This recommendation does not include the use of the PSA test for surveillance after diagnosis or treatment of prostate cancer; the use of the PSA test for this indication is outside the scope of the USPSTF.
Screening for prostate cancer: clinical summary of U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation.
Table 1.
What the USPSTF Grades Mean and Suggestions for Practice
Table 2.
USPSTF Levels of Certainty Regarding Net Benefit
Table 3.
PSA-Based Screening for Prostate Cancer
Relative risk of prostate cancer death for men screened with PSA versus control participants, by country.
ERSPC = European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer; PLCO = Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial; PSA = prostate-specific antigen.
Carl A Olsson, MD, Chief Medical Officer, John K Lattimer Professor of Urology, Deepak A Kapoor, MD, Chairman and CEO
Integrated Medical Professionals
June 18, 2012
Recommendations Deprive Men of Information That Could be Useful
We would like to comment on the article: Moyer, VA on behalf of the USPSTF. Screening for Prostate Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med 2012; 157 published before print 22 May, 2012. In this article, the USPSTF persists in its D recommendation for PSA screening in the US, citing all their usual and customary arguments against the ERSPC trial while continuing to regard with approval the PLCO trial results, that are so heavily contaminated by pre- and opportunistic screening that prostate cancer specific mortality remains higher in "screened men" even after 13 years of follow-up! (1) Many specific arguments against USPSTF commentaries could be restated (they have been summarized in an accompanying article in the Annals) but the Task Force has shown themselves refractory to these already.( 2) Perhaps, as cited by some critics already, the most distressing aspect of the USPSTF decision process was their not simply evaluating the screening process itself, but deciding to assess harms related to over-diagnosis and over-treatment of prostate cancer (while overlooking the increasing popularity of active surveillance as an option to be considered in managing newly diagnosed prostate cancer- an option that will predictably reduce and may even abrogate unnecessary treatment harms altogether). This concern for protection of the adult American male may be laudatory, but it is also overly paternalistic and deprives the adult man of an extremely valuable bit of information (PSA blood level) which he (perhaps with his physician) has a right to consider (perhaps to use only as a check against future levels). As an entity within the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) the USPSTF should be sensitive to the patient having access to all manner of medical information. If one queries the AHRQ website search engine for "be informed" or "get informed" you will find >10,000 "hits". Regardless of the drawbacks of PSA testing, men should not be subject to surrogate decision-making on the part of the USPSTF; they should be allowed to have PSA levels measured and reported to them and their physicians ("get informed") rather than being deprived of any information that could be useful to them in considering their own future health options.
Carl A Olsson, MDChief Medical Officer,Integrated Medical Professionals John K Lattimer Professor of Urology(e),Columbia University Medical Center
Deepak A Kapoor, MDChairman and CEO, Integrated Medical Professionals
1. Andriole GA, Crawford E David, Grubb III RL, Buys SS, Chia D, Church TR, Fouad MN, Isaacs C, Kvale PA, Reding DJ, Weissfeld JL, Yokochi LA, O'Brien B, Ragard LR, Clapp JD, Rathmell, JM, Riley TL, Hsing AW, Izmirlian G, Pinsky, PF, Kramer, BS, Miller, AB, Gohagan JK, Prorok PC and for the PLCO Project Team. Prostate Cancer Screening in the Randomized Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial: Mortality Results after 13 Years of Follow-up. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012; 104(2): 125-132
2. Catalona, WJ, et al. What the US Preventive Services Task Force Missed in Its Prostate Cancer Screening Recommendation. Ann Intern Med 2012; 157 published before print 22 May, 2012
Thomas E. Finucane, MD
Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center
August 3, 2012
Communication Important
To the Editor:Moyer, on behalf of the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force recommends that, "Clinicians should understand the evidence but individualize decision making to the specific patient or situation "(1). Brawley notes that "the Task Force does leave room for it within the physician-patient relationship…physicians have a special obligation to ensure that the patient understands the proven risks and the unproven benefits of PSA-based screening" (2). In a vigorous rebuttal, Catalona and colleagues propose "that physicians review evidence, follow the continuing dialogue closely, and individualize prostate cancer screening decisions on the basis of patient preferences" (3).Would Catalona and colleagues be willing to estimate, among the last one million American men undergoing radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy with curative intent, how many of these are now alive who would otherwise have died, and how many are alive and suffering impotence, incontinence, diarrhea who would otherwise not be suffering these problems?If not, do they have another way of communicating risks to their patients?
Sincerely, Thomas E. Finucane, MD
1. Moyer, VA. Screening for prostate cancer: U.S. Preventative Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2012;157:120-134.
2. Brawley, OW. Prostate cancer screening: What we know, don't know, and believe. Ann Intern Med 2012;157:135-136.
3. Catalona, WJ, D'AMico, AV, Fitzgibbons, WF et al. What the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force missed in its prostate cancer screening recommendation.
Francis E. Wilkinson, PhD
Manager, CDDG of Frankfort, LLC, Frankfort Indiana
August 13, 2012
Conflict of Interest:
My credentials in this field include a patent for the detection of metastatic prostate cancer that was discovered and developed while I was part of a team of scientists at SmithKlein Beecham and later at diaDexus, which is now in South San Francisco, CA. The patent is 5,747,264. I have also developed a diagnostic kit for determining the risk for coronary artery disease. The marker is the best independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. The kit is being marketed as the PLAC test by diaDexus.
PSA Has High Diagnostic Utility
There are three main areas in my letter that add to what Dr. Catalona and his collaborators said in their rebuttal of USPSTF report: 1) That the age-related death rate for prostate cancer of very young men, who were likely never screened is still the same as it was prior to the widespread use of PSA as a screening tool. 2) The USPSTF report lacks factual information regarding the harms of PSA screening. 3) The USPSTF reports data in a was that makes it appear that lives saved via PSA screening as being virtually zero.I do have an interest in this area as I started a company whose goal is to discover and develop early detection cancer markers for each of the major cancers. If the use of PSA, which I maintain has a very high diagnostic utility, is actually curtailed, it would be foolish for me, or anyone, to spend their lives and resources trying to find early detection cancer markers.
Moyer VA, on behalf of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Prostate Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:120–134. doi: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-2-201207170-00459
Download citation file:
© 2020
Published: Ann Intern Med. 2012;157(2):120-134.
Guidelines, Hematology/Oncology, Prevention/Screening, Prostate Cancer.
Results provided by:
Copyright © 2020 American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.
Print ISSN: 0003-4819 | Online ISSN: 1539-3704
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MoveGB has teamed up with Kids Pass to offer you 10 gym sessions for £10! That's 85% off at any of our gyms across the UK! Jump into 100's of gyms across the UK. Summer is upon us!


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How to use Primedinners-Company Profile
New Company Member-quick FAQ (ENG)
What is Primedinners?
Primedinners.com is The platform for Quality, with focus on all Quality in life, Business, Travel and Gastronomy.
Primedinners is the platform for sharing the quality moments in life, doing quality business, travel experiences and finding quality gastronomy.
'Create new business, show travel experiences, find quality gastronomy, connect, promote, follow, rate, blog, buy quality and share it with all quality members worldwide.'
Your guide in the world of Quality.
Our mission
Support all Quality life has to offer. To give people acces to all quality anyplace, anywhere and anytime.
Do I need anything special to use it?
All you need to use Primedinners platform is an internet connection. Once you're in, begin customize your profile and connect with other members.
How do I Sign up?
Before you can Register/Sign up to Primedinners, you need to choose between the different Member profile accounts we offer; Person, Company or Gastronomy. After your selection you can easily create an profile account. You can complete your profile after the obligatory verification. Read more about register at Primedinners platform.
How do I customize my profile?
We advise filling in the required and non-required information as completely as possible and/or to adjust your settings in order to make it as easy as possible to make contact with other members, your customers and potential customers.
How do visitors find my Company?
We developed a Company search engine for all Companies with Quality products or services worldwide. Visitors can search for your company with specific characteristics and criteria. This search engine will help visitors find your company better, simpler and quicker anywhere anytime. Read more about Company search engine.
How do I promote my Products?
If you want to promote your product or service in the web shop, you will need an upgrade profile. Upgraded company profiles are able to promote and manage their products. You can add new products, edit products or delete products. In the online shop Members can make unlimited purchases of quality products from Companies within the Primedinners platform. Members no longer need to wait, all quality products worldwide are within easy reach. All Members can Search and make unlimited purchases of quality products.
How do members order my Products?
If you want to sell your product or service in the web shop, you will need an upgrade profile. In the Web shop Members can make unlimited purchases of quality products from Companies within the Primedinners platform. Only Primedinners Members can order products. When a member click on the "Click and Order" button, the needed Member data will be filled in automatically if you order a product, we will send the Member data related to the order to the supplier.
The supplier and customer will receive an order confirmation by email. Payments of webshop products are made directly between the consumer and the supplier. Primedinners is not a party in the sale. The handling and delivery of the order is further carried out by the supplier. Read more about web shop.
How do I receive quotes?
If you want to receive unlimited quotes of all Members within the platfrom, you will need an upgrade profile.
When a member click on the "Request for quotation" button, the needed Member data will be filled in automatically, we will send the Member data related to the request to the supplier.
How and why do I use Blog/Cogiere service/Conference Service?
Blog and Services are carrying the latest news and tips around and about your company. Blogs help inform and educate your audience real time, from reporting things to do in the neighborhood, special offers, products or services, company stories, conference possibilities, events etc.
Company blogs does two very important things. First, it puts a 'face' on your company, helping guests understand more about your company in general. Second, it promotes your company and or product.
How can I share a news item?
If you want to post your News articles, you will need an upgrade profile.Companies able to manage and create News items. We offer the possibility to also share News items directly via your your linked social media channels. You also prepare a news items and schedule it to be published at a different date/time.
How do I find people to connect?
When you create an profile account, you can search for members by name or import/invite your contacts. Read more about connection request.
What does it mean to connect with a member?
Connecting a member means you've chosen to subscribe to their timeline post-updates. When you make a connection, every time the connection post a new update, it will appear on your Primetime (home page). Read more about Primetime page.
Where can I see my connections?
After you have made a connection, the member is listed in your connections overview. See a list of your connections by clicking on "Connection tab" on your profile page or at manage profile. At Manage profile you can find current connections and also new connections.
Are there connection limits?
Primedinners platform has no limits in order of our verified members.
Who reads my timeline updates?
"Prime Moments" are your timeline updates about your quality moments which you want to share within the verified worldwide Primedinners platform for Quality. Updates are always visible to your page visitors, connections and other verified Primedinners Quality Members.
Read more about 'prime moment' updates.
How can I post timeline updates?
You can add a update from your own Primetime page (Home page) Read more about how to post a Prime Moment update.
Can I edit a timeline update once I've posted it?
You can edit or update your post. Go to your Personal profile (My profile) or to the Primetime timeline (Home page) and go to the update you want to edit. Click the edit "Pencil" icon in the top- right of your update. Make your changes and then click "Edit Post". Read more about a Prime Moment update.
What is my Primetime page?
Primetime page is your own personal Home Page/ dashboard. All Members have their own personal Primetime page based on your connection network and interests. On your Primetime page you can see all the latest updates specially selected for you; Timeline, Private messages, Popular products, Events, News.
What is my Primeline?
My Primetime is your personal timeline on your own personal profile page (My Profile). Here you can see your own posts "Prime moments", moments you have shared from connections and moments you are tagged in organized by the date they were posted. You can delete or edit "Prime moments" updates on your Primeline, New updates can be post from your Primtime page (Home). Read more about My primeline.
What are Private Messages?
You can send a Private Message to your own connections. If you want to send unlimited messages to all Members within the platfrom, you will need an upgrade profile. Private Messages are sent between you and one connection or multiple connections. Private Messages to other Members are sent between you and only one specific Member. Messages can be sent if there are questions about updates and business interests or in order to receive more information about a product or service. Read more about private messages.
How do I use Chat?
You can send a Chat Message for free worldwide to your connections who are also online.
When you open a conversation, you will see a conversation that includes all your messages along with your entire chat history. Chat Messages to your connections are sent directly between you and only one of your connections. Select the member you want to chat with in the Chat Box at the bottom-right corner. Or start a conversation by clicking on the "text balloon" icon in a connections update (on the Primetime timeline). Connections with a green dot next to their names are online and available to chat. Read more about Chat.
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You have seen a post on a members timeline and share it on your own timeline. A private message to that effect is sent to the original poster. The post is now on your own timeline and on the timeline of the person to whom you have sent the message. Read more about sharing updates.
What's a Tag?
Members can also mention connections by tagging them. Each member has the choice to share a update on their time line, by selecting the "Share this update" link in the private message or in the update post.
How do I report spam?
Primedinners is a verified platform. That means all members are checked and are no robots. If you do see spam or non quality updates, we encourage you to always report spammers at our customer service center.
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Primedinners's General Terms is posted in the footer and in our FAQ, and the Primedinners Platform conditions are posted in FAQ-Terms.
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Review our Terms to find out what constitutes a violation, and how to go about fixing a related problem.
Inquiries and feedback?
We welcome all your inquiries and feedback. Please contact our customer service center.


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NetApp files suit against Sun over ZFS
NetApp says Sun's ZFS violates its patents and seeks an injunction against its distribution, potentially putting Sun's storage business at risk. Update 9/6/07: Sun counterattacks.
Network Appliance Inc. (NetApp) revealed this morning that it is filing suit against Sun Microsystems Inc., seeking an injunction against distribution of Sun's Zettabyte File System (ZFS) software and unspecified damages.
According to storage industry analysts, a NetApp victory could have severe, possibly doomsday ramifications for Sun's storage business.NetApp CEO Dan Warmenhoven and co-founder Dave Hitz told reporters in a conference call Wednesday morning that Sun first approached NetApp 18 months ago, claiming that NetApp's products violated three patents relating to ZFS, which Sun had acquired when it bought StorageTek in 2005.
"[Sun] shifted from an aggressive position to not returning calls," Hitz said. Over the past few months, Sun also opened the source code of ZFS, and this appears to have been the last straw for NetApp. "It goes beyond using our patents and demanding that we pay them a lot of money. They've also essentially begun giving away NetApp IP for people to use for free [with the open source initiative]."
The patents in question include methods and techniques for error correction, software RAID and, according to the NetApp complaint, the method for maintaining consistent states of a file system and for creating user accessible read-only copies of a file system. "We want them to stop developing ZFS, stop distributing [it] and stop doing derivative works with it in particular," Warmenhoven said.
Far-reaching implications
NetApp officials insisted that the suit will not affect existing interoperability and support agreements between the two vendors. However, according to storage analysts, a victory in this lawsuit for NetApp could have far-reaching effects -- not just for Sun but for the storage market in general.
"This does have doomsday ramifications for Sun, potentially," especially since Sun has been making ZFS the heart of its disk storage business and touting its plans to make the software open source, according to Steve Duplessie, founder and analyst with the Enterprise Strategy Group (ESG). It's clear that to prop up its storage business, Sun needs to show technology leadership and intellectual property beyond its OEM products. In the company's last earnings call, Sun CEO Jonathan Schwartz said that Sun's homegrown IP would be the emphasis for product development going forward.
However, a win for NetApp could have a ripple effect on other vendors. "Everybody has copy on write and snapshot features now," Duplessie said. "If NetApp wins this suit, it's possible that everybody ends up having to license snapshots."
Industry watchers pointed out that it's too soon to tell what the merits of the lawsuit are and where agendas lie. "There's very little downside for NetApp in all this," Duplessie pointed out. "Even if they don't win, the worst case is that it'll bring attention and a whole bunch of marketing around features of its products."
Update: Sun counterattacks
Sun officials initially did not respond to requests seeking comment on NetApp's announcement, but sent out the following statement late Wednesday:
NetApp's legal attack against Sun's open source ZFS solution which is freely available in the marketplace is a clear indication that NetApp considers Sun technology a threat, and is a direct attack on the open source community…Many of the claims raised in the lawsuit are factually untrue. For example, it was NetApp who first approached Sun seeking to acquire the Sun patents NetApp is now attempting to invalidate. It is unfortunate that NetApp has now resorted to resolving its business issues in a legal jurisdiction (East Texas) long favored by 'patent trolls.'
"If you are a fan of ZFS and open [source], you would probably take the side which Sun will position to that NetApp is being a bully against Sun, ZFS and open source," said Greg Schulz, founder and analyst with the StorageIO Group. "On the other hand, the other extreme is that you could say Sun is desperate for revenue as it embarks on new business models built around open source with uncharted revenue streams."
There's common ground somewhere in between, Schulz said, but he added, "This is sounding more and more like a he said/she said story, [and it's] not surprising that they need to present the case in a court."


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Building a Feminist Peace
Feminist peace - a world free from violence and armed conflict with equality and justice for all, achieved through addressing the root causes of violence with a feminist lens and mobilising for nonviolent action! Be inspired and informed by the work of women peace activists in Australia and internationally.
Saturday morning 5 May 2018
Invest in Peace International Campaigns
PeaceWomen is a WILPF international project based in WILPF's United Nations (UN) office in New York.
The PeaceWomen project promotes the role of women in preventing conflict, and the equal and full participation of women in all efforts to create and maintain international peace and security.
PeaceWomen facilitates monitoring of the UN system, information sharing and the enabling of meaningful dialogue for positive impact on women's lives in conflict and post-conflict environments.
PeaceWomen advances WILPF's aims by monitoring and advocating for the rapid and full implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolutions on women, peace and security: UNSCR 1325 [link] (2000) and the subsequent UNSCR 1820 (2008); UNSCR 1888 (2009); UNSCR 1889 (2009); and UNSCR 1960 (2010).
PeaceWomen focuses on six core areas of action:
- monitoring the UN Security Council's implementation of SCR1325
- providing a comprehensive online information source on women, peace and security
- monitoring the UN system's implementation of SCR1325
- advocating for the rapid and full implementation of SCR 1325 and related resolutions
- managing the translation initiative
- general outreach related to women, peace and security
Find out more about the work of PeaceWomen on their website.
Invest in Peace In Australia
Monitoring the Australian National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security 2012-2018
The second Report Card of the Civil Society Dialogue on Women, Peace and Security was launched in Canberra in April 2015.
Read the Report and Annexures.
In March 2015, WILPF Australia submitted a report on the Australian civil society engagement with government on the NAP as a case study to the UN Global Study on Women, Peace and Security
The first Report Card of the Civil Society Dialogue on Women, Peace and Securitywaslaunched in Canberra in October 2013.
Development of the National Action Plan
In March 2012, the Australian Government introduced the Australian National Action Plan for Women, Peace and Security 2012-2018 (NAP) as a framework for a coordinated, whole-of-government approach to implementing UNSCR 1325.
WILPF Australia was instrumental in persuading the government to develop the NAP and is now focussed on monitoring its effective implementation.
WILPF, UN Women Australia, and the Australian Council for International Development (ACFID) agreed to implement a monitoring process by hosting an annual Civil Society Dialogue on Women Peace and Security and preparing an annual Report Card on the National Action Plan.
On 15 April 2013, the first Annual Civil Society Dialogue on the NAP was held in Canberra, co-hosted by ACFID, WILPF, UN Women and the Australian National University Gender Institute, to:
- showcase the contribution of civil society organisations to the women, peace and security agenda;
- facilitate effective dialogue between civil society and the Australian Government on women, peace and security;
- support shadow reporting against the Australian National Action Plan on Women Peace and Security; and
- elevate the national discussion on women, peace and security.
Winners All
The "Winners All" booklet of cooperative games for children of all ages was produced by the Queensland Branch. It may be downloaded for free here.
Peacewomen Awards
For the past five years, WILPF Queensland's Peacewomen Awards have recognised the talents and dedication of women whose activities have promoted peace at the local, national and/or international levels. See the award recipients on the QLD branch pages.
In 2015, as part of its centenary celebrations, WILPF Australia honoured four Australian women as Centenary Peacewomen.
What WILPF wants in a Foreign Policy White Paper
WILPF made a submission to the development of Australia's new Foreign Policy White Paper in March 2017.
We also wrote to all the Australian ambassadors who are back in Australia for a forum on the White Paper. Our letters were sent on WILPF Centenary cards.
The letter to the Ambassadors
Your Excellency,
On behalf of the Australian Section of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, the oldest women's peace organisation in the world with sections in 42 countries, I would like to welcome you back to Australia for participation in the development of Australia's new Foreign Policy White Paper.
As a representative of Australia, no doubt you are concerned to achieve the best possible outcomes not only for Australia but also for those countries you are assigned to.
WILPF has submitted a response to the Foreign Policy White Paper and we urge you look at our paper and consider our recommendations.
We are concerned about the limited implementation of UNSCR1325 resolution on Women Peace and Security. Behind its adoption lies more than 100 years of women working around the globe for sustainable peace. Women can - and do - play a significant role in conflict prevention, yet they are receiving insufficient support.
We are also concerned about Australia's strategic policy reliance on the US alliance, US military power and on the accompanying nuclear deterrent for our security, rather than seeking to work cooperatively with all our neighbours. WILPF Australia sees as critical a reduction in arms generally and a ban on nuclear weapons specifically, as currently being negotiated at the United Nations.
We urge you to help forge a Foreign Policy that will be the best that an Australian ethos can bring to the international community to achieve a peaceful world.


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A big batch of mixed drinks can make the day at your game-watching party. (NAPS)
(NAPSI)—Football fans rejoice! It's officially that time of
year again, which means fans coming together to cheer on their favorite
players, friendly debates over who drafted the best fantasy team, and, of
course, epic tailgating parties. For those hosting a viewing party or
tailgate this season, serving crowd—pleasing drinks for a large group
can be a challenge-especially when looking beyond the requisite 12-pack. It's
the perfect time to consider this spirit as an easy alternative to
traditional game day libations to add a little flavor and fun to your
football fare. Furthermore, batch recipes take the hassle out of making
individual drinks and are simple enough to create at home, on the go or in
the stadium parking lot.
To help, the experts at New Amsterdam Vodka developed these batch mixed
drink recipes to celebrate the football season and pair with any game day
food essential. Whether it's a brat, burger or wings, a refreshing and
simple vodka drink can be a great complement to your favorite pregame snack and serving these batch
style can score points with adults at your party, even those cheering
for the opposing team.
Amsterdam Collins
Makes: 1 batch serving for 20 people
33 oz./1L bottle New
Amsterdam Vodka 80-Proof
10 oz. Triple Sec
89 oz./(1) 2.63L bottle Lemonade
24 oz./2 cans either Club Soda or
Lemon Lime Soda
That DAM 50/50
Makes: 1 batch serving for 20 people
66 oz./2L Apple Cider
66 oz./2L (approx. 6 cans) Ginger
DAM Shandy
66 oz./2L Lemonade
66 oz./2L (approx. 6 bottles or
cans) Pilsner Beer of Choice
Mix together and serve these batch
drinks in a large pitcher or punch bowl, with ice on the side.
Simplicity is key when it comes to making
terrific batch vodka drinks. Whether you use the exact ingredients or want to
improvise, here's a simple rule of thumb: Start with 80-proof vodka,
add a citrus or fruit juice and finish with a carbonated beverage. With these
batch vodka recipes, you'll conquer the tailgate and can guarantee at
least one victory for the day—even if your team doesn't score.
Learn More
For further information and other great drink recipes, visit www.NewAmsterdamSpirits.com/drinks.
On the Net:North American Precis Syndicate, Inc.(NAPSI)


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|Listen to WBWC Anywhere!
|Wednesday, 09 October 2013 17:52
Hey ListenerLand! Are you saddened by the fact that you have to stop listening to 88.3fm The Sting at any point? Well, if you have a smartphone, we will always be by your side! Download the TuneIn Radio App and search for WBWC, and BOOM! You will be able to stream our station from wherever you are! Never be without the Modern Rock Alternative that you love with the TuneIn Radio App, available on any smartphone!


text:
Sam Allardyce said that this match would be a test of West Ham's nerve after a recent wobble but by the end of it no one could quite remember what all the fuss was about. However, they were given a huge helping hand by a curious refereeing performance from Mark Clattenburg, who infuriated Norwich City with a number of questionable decisions.
Clattenburg awarded West Ham a controversial early penalty and failed to spot a foul on Alex Tettey in the buildup to the second goal, while Norwich also argued that they should have had two penalties, one for handball and the other for James Tomkins's clumsy challenge on Harry Kane. They could not hide their anger and Hughton could be seen waiting for Clattenburg in the tunnel at half-time. He was probably not there to wish him a happy new year.
"You accept sometimes referees get it wrong or they don't see it," Hughton said after a fourth successive defeat. "But the one that really hurts is when penalties are given when they shouldn't be. Even if the penalty stands, you're not going to tell me the Alex Tettey one wasn't a foul."
Hughton knew that his side's acquiescence in the first half was pivotal and allowed West Ham to win for the first time since 1 December.
West Ham began in a frenzy and when Guy Demel looped a high ball towards Winston Reid, Clattenburg pointed to the spot after deciding that Ryan Bennett had a chunk of his shirt. While Norwich raged, Mark Noble sent Mark Bunn the wrong way from 12 yards. "The referee kills the game," said Robert Snodgrass, who struck the post with a free-kick when it was 1-0, on Twitter. "If that's a pen you will need to give 100 pens a season."
Allardyce saw it differently. "Because he's in such a good position there's little else he could have done once he's pulling the shirt off Reidy," he said. "We have seen many times before ones that haven't been given but I think he had a great view of it and it was the correct decision."
In the absence of the suspended Kevin Nolan, Noble captained West Ham and was outstanding, setting the tone for a brilliant first-half display. "The captain's armband, he loves it," Allardyce said. "Kevin Nolan better watch out."
West Ham's dominance merited a second goal but when it arrived Norwich were once again left with a sense of injustice when Carlton Cole flattened Tettey with a flailing arm. Yet Clattenburg waved play on even though Tettey required treatment. Noble wriggled into the Norwich area from the left and his low cross was deflected to Joey O'Brien, who finished clinically.
An astonishing miss from Cole followed, the striker putting Demel's cross over the bar from two yards out. Fortunately for him, Norwich were toothless without the injured Grant Holt and although Russell Martin made it an anxious finish by volleying home Elliott Bennett's cross in the 90th minute, ultimately they were left to rue Clattenburg's generosity.


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by Marcia Jensen
If I ever get to Heaven and I get a chance to speak face to face with the Almighty, I'm going have a lot of questions. But, one of the most important questions will be, "why was I born an American?"
Recently, I saw an interview on 60 Minutes and I just can't get it out of my head. It was with a young man who had been born and raised in a North Korean prison camp.
These prisons exist to punish anyone who opposes the totalitarian communist regime that enslaves the nation of North Korea. And not just to punish those who commit the "offenses" but to punish the second and third generations, as well.
Even Stalin, with his purges, and Mao, with his cultural revolution, weren't that brutal.
Until the age of 23, this young man had known no other life except that inside the prison camp. His parents had not been allowed to live together and there was no family life.
Along with everyone else, he had existed on a diet of cabbage and rice and had never spent a day without being hungry. He had no idea how people on the outside lived and just assumed that everyone else in the world lived exactly as he did.
He saw nothing but long days of drudgery and cruelty occasionally punctuated by trips to an open field where the prison inmates were forced to witness the executions of those who either had tried to escape, had aided an escape or who had knowledge of an escape and hadn't reported it.
He admitted that, as horrible as these executions were, they at least gave him a break from the monotony of his every-day life. Two of these executions were of his mother and brother, which he described in an eerily dispassionate manner and later admitted that he had been the one who turned them in for allegedly planning an escape.
Then one day, his life changed. A new prisoner came to the camp. He regaled the young man with stories of life on the outside--things he'd never dreamed of and foods he'd never tasted. Just the idea of not being hungry was beyond his imagination.
Before long, the two planned an escape. One day, they both ran for the fence. The friend attempted to claw through the barbed wire and was immediately electrocuted. The young man crawled over the top of his friend and, for the first time in his life, he was free. He managed to slip across the Chinese border and eventually found his way to South Korea. Today, seven years later, he travels the world relating his shocking story.
Is it possible there are people actually born into a nightmare like this? In this day and age, could people really live this way?
And what about me? I was born into an intact family and raised in a large home where I had more food than I could eat, more clothes than I could wear and more "stuff" than I knew what to do with.
I was blessed with a wonderful education and granted a million choices with what I could do with my life after graduation. I can go anywhere I want, do anything I want and say anything I want. Most important of all, I can openly worship God and do it according the desires of my own heart.
Why was I blessed like this? Why was I born in a country where those who live in poverty are richer than 85 percent of the rest of the world? Why was I born with a heritage and a Constitution that guarantee me more freedom and opportunity than any other place on earth?
Over our nation's history, we have suffered through many crucibles and, I fear, will suffer through many more. But, this country is a miracle! I hope we will recognize this truth and strive with all our hearts to preserve and protect it.
Why was I born an American? I don't know. But, I sure hope I get a chance to find out some day.


text:
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KXAN Austin News anchor David Scott stopped by the Inn Above Onion Creek today to interview our Innkeeper, Amy Dolan. Mr Scott was interesting in what effects we've begun seeing with the upcoming Formula 1 Circuit of the Americas Race.
Amy Dolan gets mic'd up for the interview with David Scott of KXAN Austin News
Some of you may not be aware that Austin has won the host city honors for the Formula 1 United States Grand Prix. It's a world class event that will not only bring amazing racing but also millions of dollars to the Austin, Texas economy. Austin, Texas bed and breakfasts are expected to see a large number of reservations for folks coming in to see the race, including many europeans making their way to Austin to take in the race and enjoy a Texas hill country getaway. See if you can catch Amy tonight on the KXAN evening news.
-Bootsie the Cat


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With Mike Fisher's injury given a preliminary recover time that takes until about the time of the Winter Classic, assuming no set backs, the Nashville Predators are now in dire need of a quality center. Having spent the assets to acquire James Neal and Filip Forsberg in the last fifteen months, the time and the circumstances are right to double down and aim for a playoff position again.
Shea Weber is signed, rested, and should have a chip on his shoulder after another season where he probably should have gotten the Norris, or at least finished second. Seth Jones has spent a year learning the NHL. Craig Smith and Colin Wilson are now tested NHL players who have weathered the storm of disastrous seasons. Most importantly Pekka Rinne is healthy and ready for the hunt.
Out on the coast are the Boston Bruins, for many reasons the team is in cap jail and the situation isn't going to get better any time soon with Soderberg, Boychuck, McQuaid, and Hamilton all due new contracts next year, and that's with Torey Krug and Reilly Smith still unsigned right now. With moderate salary increases you're likely looking at about $12 million in salary minimum between these players. Someone has to go.
Bergeron has a no movement clause and trading him for anything less than 6 first round draft picks, the Holy Grail and a roster player is likely to result in Peter Chiarelli being burned in effigy outside the Garden, (and also lower concessions, ticket sales and merchandise). Chris Kelly, when healthy, is a great penalty killer, a top shelf checking line center, and the type of all around good dude that teams seek out, unfortunately he finished last season on the shelf, and has a full no trade clause. He's also not the type of center the Nashville Predators currently need. Greg Campbell is a fourth line version of Kelly with all the same problems, excepting the no trade clause.
Realistically, that leaves Carl Soderberg who has one season of NHL play to set his value and David Krejci. Krejci has found success with wingers as varied as Milan Lucic Michael Ryder and Blake Wheeler, and incidentally lead the NHL in post season scoring. Moving Soderberg has essentially no impact on the Boston Bruins cap situation, it would give them about $2.6 million in cap space, about enough to renew Krug and Smith if the brass turns the screws and risks alienating both players and their agents but not really enough to add a replacement as well.
That makes David Krejci the default candidate, that he's also the most likely to bring in a quality return is fortuitous for the Bruins. If you use the Phil Kessel trade as a benchmark you will get back a solid return and don't spend any roster space on it. If you go with something closer to the Joe Thornton trade you retool with a mixed bag. Brad Stuart was the best defenseman on the roster when he arrived, Marco Sturm would play for several seasons and score the winning goal in the Bruins only Winter Classic appearance.
Many observers would say the Boston Bruins and Nashville Predators are both a crossroads. The Predators need to reach and advance in the playoffs if they are to be financially solvent, and grow their fanbase. The Boston Bruins have several talented prospects at center where the risk is stagnation and regression with an speedy return to a system and roster that looks like the 2005-06 roster if they don't promote one or more players. The NHL and all it's feeder leagues are better when more teams are competitive.
The right trade for both teams is one where both teams win. The Predators need to reestablish the themselves as a playoff team if they hope to extend James Neal, and you have to be pretty jaded not to imagine fans in Smashville enjoying a line with David Krejci centering James Neal and Filip Forsberg.


text: Now that my new creative space is finally completed and functional (photos coming soon), I'm able to create much more again! The first thing I whipped out in my new space was this layout, inspired by both the precious photo and the fabulous new Park Bench collection from Fancy Pants Designs. Also, I wanted to take my new Silhouette Portrait out for another run. I love my new toy!


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on the record: July 2008 Archives
A few months ago in Eugene, Oregon, I experienced a performance of Anton Bruckner's Seventh Symphony that started me thinking about the place of Bruckner's music in orchestral repertoire and how it has changed over my lifetime. The change has not been as dramatic and sudden as that of Mahler's place. Mahler was kind of hurled into the mainstream by Leonard Bernstein and then by Georg Solti in the 1960s (with much credit to such conductors as Mengelberg, Walter, Klemperer, and Mitropoulos for at least keeping the flame alive in earlier generations). For Bruckner there was no sudden lurch forward, but rather a slow, steady sense of forward motion over time. That's rather appropriate, because it could serve as a description of his music as well.
I was recently lunching with one of the country's more important music journalists, and he asked me what was the most meaningful change I'd seen in orchestras recently. Only a week earlier, Jesse Rosen, then executive vice president of the League of American Orchestras (he succeeded me as president in July) was lunching with another highly visible and widely read music journalist, who asked an almost identical question: What is the most interesting development in the way orchestras are operating?
I rarely use this space to review
or report on recordings, but I recently came across one that struck me as
important and noteworthy in many ways. It is
I've been asked a lot what I planned
to do after retiring from the League of American Orchestras at the end of June.
The first thing I have to clarify is that I am not "retiring." I am stepping
down as president and CEO, because after 45 years of managing budgets I would
like to stop (sort of like stopping hitting one's head against a wall). But I
will retain a relationship with the League - spending half of my working time
on their behalf, continuing to visit orchestras around


text: Marie Daulne and the latest version of her genre-busting ensemble Zap Mama were a standout at New York's recent globalFEST concert extravaganza. Marie is a traveler and an adventurer, and she'll soon be back in the U.S. touring in a collaboration with Brooklyn-based Afrobeat band Antibalas. Afropop's Banning Eyre met up with Marie after the globalFEST show to talk about her ongoing globe-trotting, new music from Zap Mama, and the collaboration with Antibalas. Here's their conversation.


text:
ALEX Toys Spa Fun Mix & Make Up Body Glimmer
by ALEX Toys
Please check your favorite toy retailer for availability. Prices may vary.
Buy Online:
Product Description
Shine on with Body Glimmer! Mix your own colors and fill cute candy-shaped containers using professional grade ingredients. Start with the glitter base, and scented color drops to mix different shades, stir and fill sweet candy containers you can use as a keychain to take your Body Glimmer to go! All the supplies you'll need come in the kit: 5 candy containers with key chains, color/scent drops, body glitter base, rainbow glitter, stickers, mixing cup, stir stick and easy to follow instructions.
There are no reviews yet.


text:
A schedule of the full program for the RV Dealers International Convention/Expo, to be held Oct. 1-5 in Las Vegas, is now available online. According to a press release, The matrix of all events, a neat one-page document, is available in a large single document format or as two pages for easier viewing. To access click here.
On the same page are links to all the information currently available about each session, the keynote speaker Peter Ricchiuti, and how to register by the Aug. 31 deadline.
Dealers viewing the matrix will appreciate the way the Convention/Expo has been reformatted to be more user-friendly and responsive to the needs of attendees. Popular sessions will be repeated so no one misses important educational opportunities, schedule conflicts have been minimized, and nearly half the sessions feature speakers new to this event. This year more than ever, the Convention/Expo is a customized event, created especially for dealers and by dealers.
The 2012 convention, sponsored by the Recreation Vehicle Dealers Association (RVDA), RVDA of Canada, and the RV Learning Center, will feature an exhibit hall filled with the RV industry's top suppliers offering products and services to help dealers improve profitability. RVDA's Partners in Progress Brand Committees will also meet to work on important dealer/manufacturer issues.
Companies interested in sponsorship opportunities and exhibitor information can contact RVDA at (703) 591-7130 or send an e-mail to [email protected] To register and for more information on the Convention/Expo, visit www.rvda.org.


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Fundamental Introduction to MediaWiki
|All other topics
Tämä opas tarjoaa ohjeet kuinka asennetaan ja konfiguroidaan MediaWiki webpalvelimelle. There are easier alternatives to this, see Alternatives to manual installation below.
The first part of this guide gives general instructions, while the last section contains a list of appendices that give more detailed installation notes for specific system configurations and other less common uses of the software.
Jos ajat jo MediaWikiä, katso päivitysohjetta.
|Vaatimukset lyhyesti
Make sure to also check the RELEASE NOTES shipped with MediaWiki for requirements.
Image thumbnailing and TeX require additional programs. Parsoid (required by VisualEditor) and other services have their own requirements.
For experienced users, here is the quick version of the installation instructions. Most users will want to go through all the passages.
- Check that your system meets the minimum requirements shown nearby; Installation requirements has more details.
- Download MediaWiki (direct link to download the stable release version) and extract the archive to a web-accessible folder on your server.
- Point your browser to the directory where MediaWiki was extracted and follow the link to the setup screen. It should be in the form
http://domain/directory/mw-config/index.php. Change directory If installing on a local machine, replace domain with
localhost. If you install locally and later want to access your wiki from domain, then you will need to change LocalSettings.php from
localhostto domain. If installed on a remote server, replace domain with your server's domain name (eg: www.myserver.com).
- Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the process.
These instructions are deliberately brief. There is a lot that could go wrong, so if in doubt, you are advised to read the full instructions!
- Ennen asennusta
- Lue mikä Mediawiki on
- Tarkista Mediawikin ominaisuudet
- Asennuksen vaatimukset - Tarkista nämä ennen kuin menet eteenpäin!
- Configuring MediaWiki
- Initial configuration (using the configuration script)
- Further configuration
- Installing extensions
Alternatives to manual installation
You can avoid manual installation by using a pre-integrated MediaWiki software appliance, hosting services with 1-click installation, or wiki farms.
If you are installing for development or testing, consider using MediaWiki-Vagrant, a set of configuration scripts for Vagrant that automate the creation and update of a virtual machine that runs MediaWiki and your choice of extensions and services.
Official docker images are released on Docker Hub.
You can also use community resources based on platforms such as Docker. This is managed by Jenkins and should be kept up-to-date for some time.
These are community based resources and should always be treated with some measure of caution. Use at your own risk.
|Programs provided by webhosts to automatically install applications such as MediaWiki can, and frequently do, mishandle the process, resulting in errors and a failure to install MediaWiki. If you encounter this problem, it does not mean that you cannot install MediaWiki; all it means is that you should install manually following these steps. There are benefits to doing this, including more control over where on the server and file path you want to install it, the ability to use a shared database, or the ability to control more features of the wiki during the installation.
Wiki families
A wiki family is more than one wiki installed on the same server. To set up multiple wikis on MediaWiki, see Manual:Wiki family.
Advanced uses
The following pages give instructions about how to install/configure MediaWiki for other, less common purposes.
Advanced configuration
The following pages cover some of the more advanced configuration options:
Installation assistance
- FAQ: FAQ#Installation and configuration
- #mediawiki connect channel on IRC
- mediawiki-l is the high-traffic mailing list to ask for support.
System-specific instructions
The following pages give more detailed installation instructions aimed at specific systems. However, by and large Manual:Installing MediaWiki is more up to date, and better written than the per system docs, and as such it is recommended you first consult the main install instructions before looking at a per system installation documents.
- GNU/Linux
- Windows
- MediaWiki can share the database of another web-based application, e.g. phpBB etc.
- Some users find it helpful to install an additional software package such as phpMyAdmin (MySQL) or phpPgAdmin (Postgres) to help administer the database server.


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^^^Bummer, I have an interview for a post-bar internship tomorrow. It is where I want to eventually work, so I figure that I can (1) see if I can get hired when they have an opening if I intern there (2) if it becomes clear that they are never hiring, get some experience while applying for other jobs. I think that is the best bet for most graduates right now that want to do public interest law and haven't had any luck in the market.
^^^ Thanks! I got the position. It is unpaid but it is where I want to work, so I will just have to figure out how to make due. Yay!
Ugh, just found out two other students now don't have jobs here. One was supposed to work on Wolf Block, the other I just didn't know about.
Hiring entire classes of associates is not the model we are going to see for much longer.
Of course, no one can argue that students should try to be "more proactive and resourceful." However, I do think that in certain circles (and within our career services office), there has been a blame-the-victim mentality that has led to my unemployed friends being treated poorly. Some people have assumed that because they don't have jobs, they must have been snotty and only applied to V-100 firms.I assure you, I have friends who have networked, followed up, practiced interviewing until they're blue in the face--and they still don't have jobs. They have applied for EVERYTHING--small firms, public interest, government, non-legal... and there's nothing out there for people without experience. As our economy continues to shed jobs, it just gets worse and worse.I also agree it would be nice to have a backup plan, but it's hard enough to get ONE job at the moment!
I (stupidly) chose not to participate in OCI my 2L year


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"They're all gone."
For millions of people who recall the slaughter unleashed by Palestinian terrorists at the 1972 Olympics in Munich, those words are indelible. They were spoken by ABC's Jim Mckay—the man behind the famous "thrill of victory, agony of defeat" introduction to the network's long-running show, Wide World of Sports—when he learned that Israeli athletes and coaches taken hostage by terrorists from the group Black September had been murdered.
McKay, a sportscaster who assumed the duties of a news anchor as one of the most shocking events of the 1970s unfolded on live TV, acquitted himself with unforgettable grace and intelligence as the story grew more abominable with each passing hour.
In fact, the simple, unadorned way that McKay reported the news that the Israeli hostages had, in fact, been killed still resonates today, four decades after the event:
"When I was a kid," McKay began, in a strangely, comfortingly conversational tone, when he got word of what had happened, "my father used to say, 'Our greatest hopes and our worst fears are seldom realized.' Our worst fears have been realized tonight. They have now said there were eleven hostages; two were killed in their rooms yesterday morning, nine were killed at the airport tonight. They're all gone."
[See footage of McKay's announcement]
There were hundreds of journalists from all over the world covering the 1972 Olympics, so the Black September assault and the murder of the Israeli athletes was, in fact, the very first time that a terror attack was reported and broadcast, in real time, across the globe. Among those journalists was LIFE magazine's Co Rentmeester, a 36-year-old Dutch-born photographer who had distinguished himself (and been wounded by a sniper) while covering the war in Vietnam, and whose photography at the '72 Olympics resulted not only in the chilling images presented in this gallery, but also in some of the most memorable sports pictures made at those Games.
Here, five decades after the murders, LIFE.com presents Rentmeester photos that ran in LIFE—including one image (the first in this gallery) that for countless people became the photograph from the Munich Massacre: a portrait of, in the magazine's phrase, "a masked figure of doom."
In the end, 17 people died during the Black September attack: six Israeli coaches, five Israeli athletes, five of the eight terrorists and one West German policeman. Three terrorists were captured, but were later released by the West Germans. According to multiple reports (long denied by Israel) Israeli security agents later tracked down and killed many of those believed to be responsible for the Munich attack.


text:
Commission Home Page
As a traditional immigration entry point, New Jersey has long been home to a broad array of nationalities. A century and a half ago, the mix was largely European. Today, the spectrum is far broader and more diverse, reflecting migration from Asia, the Caribbean, Latin America and Africa. Each group adds its own unique qualities to the broad mosaic, enriching the community and strengthening our state and our country.
Realizing the importance of higher education in the workplace, many immigrants and their children reach out to the state's community colleges to prepare for the future.
As a member of the New Jersey Higher Education Commission, I've seen that these two-year institutions satisfy the needs of non-traditional students who may not have the luxury of time or financial resources to dedicate to a four-year college education.
In creating an environment of growth and respect for our diverse population, community colleges provide New Jersey with capable workers who capitalize on their unique perspectives as marketable skills. Cultural differences are valued as resources to be mined in making our workforce more competitive in the global marketplace.
The students' perspectives are broadly different, based on the unique situations they face in their day-to-day lives.
Some are continuing their education directly from high school, and other are returning after several years in what many call "the real world." They come from many countries and many cultures.
As they go to classes, many community college students have to support themselves and their families. At times economic realities force them to interrupt their studies.
Regardless of the situation, by the time these students graduate from community college, they've already had experiences that most college students of 30 or 40 years ago would never have imagined having before they completed 60 credits of undergraduate work.
Despite the obstacles - or maybe because of them - these students show remarkable tenacity in striving to complete their degree work, whether it takes two years or several more.
In a time when many major corporations are struggling to build atmospheres of mutual respect in their own diverse workforces, community colleges are making it work.
In preparing non-traditional students for success, our community colleges understand the rhythms of their lives, rather than forcing the student into a traditional academic schedule that conflicts with the realities of life. They offer curricular scheduled to meet students' needs and time constraints, at a reasonable cost.
Given the mission of preparing a multifaceted student body for a demanding world, New Jersey's community colleges are motivating hardworking individuals who overcome a host of challenges to get an education.
Community colleges don't merely tolerate their students' differences; they make them distinct advantages. The faculty and administration recognize that when harnessed, diversity is a powerful resource. They teach their students the best ways to contribute their diverse perspectives to whatever they choose to take on in the future The students are responding in kind by excelling in their chosen careers.
If New Jersey is to continue to capitalize on the strengths of its people in an increasingly more global culture, our community colleges must have the resources to satisfy the needs of the students, the rhythms of our neighborhoods and the demands of the workplace.
They must continue to mine the talents and resources of our immigrant population and other non-traditional students.
Community colleges recognize the gifts their students can contribute to society and give them the tools they need to succeed and thrive. And in return, they give the larger world the gift of their graduates' insight, tenacity and leadership skills.
Each of us can look back in our lives to find someone who benefited from the support of someone who recognized a unique spark in them and provided the broad shoulders or the guiding hand to help along the way. Our community colleges play that role for so many New Jerseyans, and we must ensure that they continue to have the resources to provide that stepping stone to our immigrant and non-traditional students.
Knowledge comes from many sources: the people we live and work with as much as from formal education. Community colleges offer both to their students.
Their community college education is the launching point for a continuing quest to grow, and an appreciation for the diverse skills and talents of their fellow New Jerseyans. That's a resource we can't afford to squander.
Alfred C. Koeppe
Senior Vice President
PSE&G Corporate Services and External Affairs
and Member of the New Jersey Higher Education Commission
The Jersey Journal; Wednesday, July 30, 1997