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The social media landscape is changing quickly, and it's filled with terms that are strange to those who aren't familiar with it. But never fear! Here's a quick guide to some of the terms you may encounter. This list will constantly evolve — please add other terms in the comments below and I'll be happy to incorporate them.
Application Programing Interface (API): An API is a documented interface that allows one software application to to interact with another application. An example of this is the Twitter API.
Atom: Web feeds are used by the blogging community to share recent entries' headlines, full text, and even attached multimedia files. These providers allow other Web sites to incorporate the blog's "syndicated" headline or headline-and-short-summary feeds under various usage agreements. Atom and other Web syndication formats like RSS are now used for many purposes, including journalism, marketing, bug-reports, or any other activity involving periodic updates or publications. Atom also provides a standard way to export an entire blog, or parts of it, for backup or for importing into other blogging systems.
Avatar: An Avatar is an image or username that represents a person online within forums and social networks.
BackType: BackType is a social media analytics company that helps companies measure their social engagement. The service began as a blog comment search engine.
Bit.ly: Bit.ly is a popular free URL shortening service that provides statistics for the links users share online. Use it to condense long URLs and make them easier to share on social networks like Twitter.
Blip.TV: Blip.TV is a online video sharing site. It offers both a free and a paid platform for individuals and companies who want to host an online video show.
Blog: Blog is a word that was created from the two words "Web log". Blogs are usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse-chronological order. "Blog" can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog.
Blogger: Blogger is a free blogging platform owned by Google that allows individuals and companies to host and publish a blog.
Blog Talk Radio: Blog Talk Radio is a free Web application that allows users to host live online radio shows.
BoardReader: BoardReader is a free search engine that allows users to search for keywords only in posts and titles of online forums.
Box.net: Box.net enables users to organize and view all of their content online in a familiar file and folder structure. Possibilities include sharing content with direct links to files and folders, turning any folder into a public Web page in one click, and creating widgets to share files on a company Web page or blog.
Boxee: Boxee is a social video application that enables users to watch online videos on their TVs and computers. Users can share and watch videos from a variety of online sources for free.
Chat: Chat can refer to any kind of communication over the Internet, but traditionally describes one-to-one communication through a text-based chat client commonly called an instant messaging application.
Collecta: Collecta is a real-time search engine that includes results from from blogs, microblogs, news feeds, and photo sharing services as they are published.
Collective Intelligence: Collective Intelligence is a shared or group intelligence that emerges from the collaboration and competition of many individuals and appears in consensus decision-making in social networks.
Comment: A comment is a response that is often provided as an answer of reaction to a blog post or message on a social network. Comments are a primary form of two-way communication on the social Web.
Compete: Compete is a Web-based application that offers users and businesses Web analytics and enables people to compare and contrast the statistics for different Web sites over time.
Craigslist: Craigslist is a popular online commerce site in which users sell a variety of goods and services to other users. The reduction of classified advertising in newspapers across the United States has been attributed to Craigslist.
Creative Commons: Creative Commons is a nonprofit corporation dedicated to making it easier for people to share and build upon the work of others, consistent with the rules of copyright. It provides free licenses and other legal tools to mark creative work with the freedom the creator wants it to carry, so others can share, remix, use commercially, etc.
Crowdsourcing: A combination of the words crowd and outsourcing, it refers to asking a question via social media and collecting answers from your various communities and users. The term has become popular with businesses, authors, and journalists as shorthand for the trend of leveraging the mass collaboration enabled byWeb 2.0 technologies to achieve business goals
Delicious: Delicious is a free online bookmarking service that lets users save Web site addresses publicly and privately online so that they can be accessed from any device connected to the Internet and shared with friends.
Digg: Digg is a social news Web site that allows members to submit and vote for articles. Articles with the most votes appear on the homepage of the site and subsequently are seen by the largest portion of the site's membership as well as other visitors.
Disqus Comments: Disqus Comments is a comment system and moderation tool for a Web site or blog. It enables next-gen community management and social Web integrations to any site on any platform.
DocStoc: DocStoc is an online sharing service for documents. Users can view, upload, share and sell documents.
Eventbrite: Eventbrite provides online event management and ticketing services. EventBrite is integrated with Facebook, so users can also promote their events there to drive more visits to their event page and sell more tickets. The service is free to use if your event is free; if you sell tickets to your event, there is a small fee per ticket.
Facebook: Facebook is a social networking Web site. Users can add people as friends and send them messages, and update their personal profiles to notify friends about themselves. Facebook is the largest social network in the world with more than 500 million users.
Flash Mob: A flash mob is a large group of people who assemble suddenly in a public place, perform an unusual and pointless act for a brief time, then quickly disperse. The term flash mob is generally applied only to gatherings organized via social media, viral e-mails, or phone.
Flickr: Flickr is a social network centered around online picture sharing. The service allows users to store photos online and then share them with others through profiles, groups, and other methods.
Forum: Also known as a message board, a forum is an online discussion site. It originated as the modern equivalent of a traditional bulletin board, and a technological evolution of the dial-up bulletin board system.
Foursquare: Foursquare is a location-based social networking Web site, software for mobile devices, and also a game. Users "check-in" at venues using a mobile Web site, text messaging, or a device-specific application — they're then awarded points and sometimes "badges."
FriendFeed: FriendFeed is a real-time feed aggregator that consolidates the updates from social media and social networking Web sites, social bookmarking sites, blogs, and micro-blogging sites, as well as any other type of RSS/Atom feed. It's possible to use this stream of information to create customized feeds to share, as well as originate new posts/discussions/comments with friends.
Google Buzz: Google Buzz is a social networking and messaging tool from Google, designed to integrate into the company's Web-based e-mail program, Gmail. Users can share links, photos, videos, status messages, and comments organized in "conversations" and visible in the user's inbox.
Google Documents: Google Documents is a group of Web-based office applications that includes tools for word processing, presentations, and spreadsheet analysis. All documents are stored and edited online, and allow multiple people to collaborate on a document in real-time.
Google Wave: Google Wave is a collaboration tool developed by Google as a next-generation solution to e-mail communication. A "wave" is a live, shared space on the Web where people can discuss and work together using richly formatted text, photos, videos, maps, and more.
Gowalla: Gowalla is a social network in which friends share their locations and connect with others in close proximity to each other.
Groundswell: Groundswell is a social trend in which people use technologies to get the things they need from each other, rather than from traditional institutions like corporations. The bestselling book of the same name is based on analysis by Forrester Research, and includes practical, data-based strategies for companies that want to harness the power of social technologies like blogs, social networks, and YouTube.
Hashtag: Because Twitter provided no easy way to group tweets or add extra data, the Twitter community came up with their own way: hashtags. A hashtag is similar to other Web tags — it helps add tweets to a category. Hashtags have the 'hash' or 'pound' symbol (#) preceding the tag, like so: #socialmedia, #marketing, #hashtag.
hi5: hi5 is a social network focused on the youth market. It's a social entertainment destination, with a focus on delivering a fun and entertainment-driven social experience online to users around the world.
HootSuite: HootSuite is a Web-based Twitter client for individuals and organizations. With HootSuite, you can manage multiple Twitter profiles, pre-schedule tweets, and view metrics, and teams can collaboratively schedule updates to Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, WordPress, and other social networks via Web, desktop, and mobile platforms. It helps organizations use the social Web to launch marketing campaigns, identify and grow audience, and distribute targeted messages across multiple channels.
IntenseDebate Comments: IntenseDebate is a third-party commenting system for blogs. Custom integration with your blogging admin panel makes moderation easy. Comment threading, reply-by-email, user accounts and reputations, comment voting, along with Twitter and FriendFeed integrations enrich reader experience.
Instant Messaging: Instant messaging (IM) is a form of real-time direct text-based communication between two or more people. More advanced instant messaging software clients also allow enhanced modes of communication, such as live voice or video calling.
Joomla: Joomla is an open source content management system (CMS) which enables users to build Web sites and online applications. Many aspects, including its ease of use and extensibility, have made Joomla popular.
Kyte: Kyte is an online and mobile video application that provides video hosting and stream for both recorded and live video feeds.
Lifecasting: Lifecasting is a continual broadcast of events in a person's life through digital media. Typically, lifecasting is transmitted through the Internet and can involvethe use of wearable technology.
Like: A "Like" is an action that can be made by a Facebook user. Instead of writing a comment for a message or a status update, a Facebook user can click the "Like" button as a quick way to show approval and share the message.
Link Building: Link building is an aspect of search engine optimization (SEO) in which Web site owners develop strategies to generate links to their site from other Web sites in hopes of improving their search engine ranking. Blogging has emerged as a popular method of link building.
LinkedIn: LinkedIn is a business-oriented social networking site. LinkedIn had more than 70 million registered users in more than 200 countries.
Lurker: A lurker is a person who reads online discussions on a message board, newsgroup, social network, or other interactive system, but rarely or never participates in the discussion.
Mashable: Founded in 2005, Mashable is the top source for news in social and digital media, technology, and Web culture. With more than 25 million monthly pageviews, Mashable is the most prolific news site reporting breaking web news, providing analysis of trends, reviewing new Web sites and services, and offering social media resources and guides.
Mashup: A content mashup contains multiple types of media drawn from pre-existing sources to create a new work. Digital mashups allow individuals or businesses to create new content by combining multiple online content sources.
MySpace: MySpace is a social networking Web site owned by News Corporation. MySpace became the most popular social networking site in the United States in June 2006, but it was overtaken by its primary competitor, Facebook, in April 2008.
News Reader: A news reader enables users to aggregate articles from multiple Web sites into one place usingRSS or Atom feeds. The purpose of these aggregators is to allow for a faster and more efficient consumption of information.
Newsvine: Newsvine is a social news site similar to Digg in which users submit and vote for stories to be shared and read by other members of the community.
Orkut: Orkut is a social networking Web site that is owned and operated by Google. It's named after its creator, Google employee Orkut Büyükkökten. Although Orkut is less popular in the United States than competitors Facebook and MySpace, it is one of the most visited Web sites in India and Brazil.
Pandora: Pandora is a social online radio station that allows users to create stations based on their favorite artists and types of music.
Permalink: A permalink is an address or URL of a particular post within a blog or Web site.
Podcast: A podcast, or non-streamed webcast, is a series of digital media files, either audio or video, that are released episodically and often downloaded through an RSS feed.
Posterous: Posterous is a blogging and content syndication platform that allows users to post content from any computer or mobile device by sending an e-mail.
PostRank: PostRank monitors and collects social engagement data related to content around the Web. It helps publishers understand which type of content promotes sharing on the social Web.
Qik: Qik is an online video streaming service that lets users to stream video live from their mobile phones to the Web.
Quantcast: Quantcast provides Web site traffic data and demographics. It is primarily used by online advertisers looking to target specific audiences.
Real-Time Search: Real-time search is the concept of searching for and finding information online as it is produced. Advancements in search technology coupled with the growing use of social media enable online activities to be queried as they occur, whereas a traditional Web search crawls and indexes Web pages periodically and returns results based on relevance to the search query.
Reddit: Reddit is a social news site similar to Digg and Newsvine. It's built upon a community of users who share and comment on stories.
RSS: RSS (most commonly expanded as Really Simple Syndication) is a family of Web feed formats used to publish frequently updated works — such as blog entries, news headlines, audio, and video — in a standardized format. An RSS document (which is called a "feed", "Web feed", or "channel") includes full or summarized text, plus metadata such as publishing dates and authorship. Web feeds benefit publishers by letting them syndicate content automatically. They benefit readers who want to subscribe to timely updates from favored Web sites or to aggregate feeds from many sites into one place. RSS feeds can be read using software called an "RSS reader", "feed reader", or "aggregator", which can be Web-based, desktop-based, or mobile-device-based.
Scribd: Scribd turns document formats such as PDF, Word, and PowerPoint into a Web document for viewing and sharing online.
Second Life: Second Life is an online virtual world. Users are called "residents" and they interact with each other through avatars. Residents can explore, meet other residents, socialize, participate in individual and group activities, create and trade virtual property and services with one another, and travel throughout the world.
Seesmic: Seesmic is a social software application site offering Seesmic Desktop, an Adobe Air application that integrates multiple Twitter accounts and your Facebook account and Facebook pages. Seesmic also offers a browser-based client for Twitter, a native Windows desktop client, and clients for mobile phones.
Sentiment: In the context of social media, sentiment refers to the attitude of user comments related to a brand online. There has been an explosion of free and paid social media monitoring tools that measure sentiment, including TweetMeme, HootSuite, and PostRank, to name a few.
SlideShare: SlideShare is an online social network for sharing presentations and documents. Users can favorite and embed presentations, as well as share them on other social networks like Twitter and Facebook.
Skype: Skype is a free program that enables text, audio, and video chats between users. Millions of individuals and businesses use Skype to make free video and voice calls, send instant messages, and share files with other Skype users. Users can also purchase plans to receive phone calls through their Skype account.
Social Media Marketing: Social media marketing is a term that describes use of social networks, online communities, blogs, wikis, or any other online collaborative media for marketing, sales, public relations and customer service.
Social Media Monitoring: Social media monitoring is a process of monitoring and responding to social media mentions related to a business or brand.
Social Mention: Social Mention is a free social media search and analysis platform that aggregates user generated content from across the Web into a single stream of information.
StumbleUpon: StumbleUpon is a free Web browser extension which acts as an intelligent browsing tool for discovering and sharing Web sites.
Tag Cloud: A tag cloud is a visual depiction of user-generated tags, or simply the word content of a site, typically used to describe the content of Web sites.
Technorati: Technorati is a popular blog search engine that also provides categories and authority rankings for blogs.
TweetDeck: TweetDeck is an application that connects users with contacts across Twitter, Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn and more.
Tweetup: A Tweetup is an organized or impromptu gathering of people that use Twitter.
Twitter: Twitter is a platform that allows users to share 140-character-long messages publicly. User can "follow" each other as a way of subscribing to each others' messages. Additionally, users can use the @username command to direct a message towards another Twitter user.
Twitter Search: Twitter Search is a search engine operated by Twitter to search for Twitter messages and users in real time.
Tumblr: Tumblr lets users share content in the form of a blog. Users can post text, photos, quotes, links, music, and videos from your browser, phone, desktop, or email.
TypePad: TypePad is a free and paid blogging platform similar to Blogger. It allows users to host and publish their own blogs.
Unconference: An unconference is a facilitated, participant-driven conference centered on a theme or purpose. The term "unconference" has been applied, or self-applied, to a wide range of gatherings that try to avoid one or more aspects of a conventional conference, such as high fees and sponsored presentations.
Ustream: Ustream is the leading live interactive broadcast platform that enables anyone with an Internet connection and a camera to engage their audience in a meaningful, immediate way. Unlike previous webcasting technology, Ustream uses a one-to-many model, which means that the user can broadcast to an audience of unlimited size.
Video Blog: A video blog (or vlog) is a blog the produces regular video content often around the same theme on a daily or weekly basis. An example of a successful video blog is Wine Library TV.
Viddler: Viddler is a popular video sharing site similar to YouTube and Vimeo in which users can upload videos to be hosted online and shared and watched by others.
Vimeo: Vimeo is a popular video sharing service in which users can upload videos to be hosted online and shared and watched by others. Vimeo user videos are often more artistic and the service does not allow commercial video content.
Viral Marketing: Viral marketing refers to marketing techniques that use pre-existing social networks to produce increases in brand awareness or to achieve other marketing objectives through self-replicating viral processes.
Web 2.0: Web 2.0 is commonly associated with Web applications that facilitate interactive information sharing, interoperability, user-centered design, and collaboration on the Web. A Web 2.0 site (e.g. Facebook) enables its users to interact with each other as contributors to the site's content, in contrast to Web sites where users are limited to the passive viewing of information
Web Analytics: Web analytics is the measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of Internet data for purposes of understanding and optimizing Web usage.
Webcast: A webcast is a media file distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source to many simultaneous listeners/viewers. A webcast may either be distributed live or on demand. Essentially, webcasting is "broadcasting" over the Internet.
Webinar: A webinar is used to conduct live meetings, training, or presentations via the Internet. It is typically one-way, from the speaker to the audience with limited audience interaction, such as in a webcast. A webinar can be collaborative and include polling and question & answer sessions to allow full participation between the audience and the presenter.
Widget: A widget is an element of a graphical user interface that displays an information arrangement changeable by the user, such as a window or text box. Widgets are used on both Web sites and blogs.
Wiki: A wiki is a Web site that allows the easy creation and editing of any number of interlinked Web pages via a Web browser, enabling collaboration between users.
Wikipedia: Wikipedia is a free, Web-based, collaborative, multilingual encyclopedia project supported by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. Its 15 million articles (over 3.3 million in English) have been written collaboratively by volunteers around the world, and almost all of its articles can be edited by anyone with access to the site.
WordPress: WordPress is a content management system and contains blog publishing tools that allow users to host and publish blogs. This blog runs on WordPress and uses the Thesis theme.
Yammer: Yammer is a business communication tool that operates as an internal Twitter-like messaging system for employees within an organization. It provides real-time communication and reduces the need for e-mail.
Yelp: Yelp is a social network and local search Web site that provides users with a platform to review, rate, and discuss local businesses. Over 31 million people access Yelp each month, putting it in the top 150 U.S. Internet websites.
YouTube: YouTube is a video-sharing Web site where users can upload, share, and view videos. It is the largest video sharing site in the world.
Zoho: Zoho is a suite of online Web applications geared towards business productivity and collaboration.
Zooomr: Zooomr is a online photo sharing service similar to Flickr.


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As news reports of the school shooting in Connecticut flowed in, White House Press Secretary Jay Carney avoided questions about President Barack Obama's stance on gun control Friday, saying that it is "not the day" to discuss legislation.
"We're still waiting for more information about the incident in Connecticut," Carney said. "I'm sure there will be another day for discussion of the usual Washington policy debates, but I don't think today is that day."
He said that the President has spoken to Connecticut Gov. Malloy, and continues to receive updates from his homeland security advisor John Brennan and the FBI on the situation in Sandy Brook.
NBC reports that Obama will make a statement on the shooting "shortly."
According to news reports, at least 26 people, including 18 children, were killed in Friday's shooting at Sandy Brook Elementary School. The Washington Post reports that, if true, that would make it the second most deadly shooting in U.S. history, falling behind the Virginia Tech massacre, which left 33 people dead.
Of the 12 deadliest shootings in U.S. history, including today's school massacre, five have occured during the Obama administration, including the 2009 shooting at an immigration center in Binghamton, N.Y. (14 dead); the 2009 Fort Hood massacre (13 dead); the movie theater massacre in Aurora, Colo., this summer (12 dead); and the 2009 shooting spree in Alabama (11 dead).
UPDATE, 2:45 p.m.:
The White House has announced that Obama will deliver a statement on the Connecticut school shooting at 3:15 p.m.

subset: commoncrawl


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A lawmaker in North Carolina wants a bill that would force public schools to shut down their athletic programs if the rest of the school is filled with clumsy idiots.
Under his proposed rule, "interscholastic athletics" would be banned at any school where "more than half of the students score below the 50th percentile on end-of-grade or end-of-course tests for at least two straight years."
This will never pass, of course, because ... you know ... "Friday Night Lights" and everything. Still, it does raise an interesting question. I've been around more than one school district where academics seemed to always take a back seat to the athletic department. But since you generally have to be a good student to participate in extra curricular activities in the first place, this rule would really just be punishing the best students. (And taking away their biggest incentive to even try.)
So should schools actually have to teach ... stuff ... before they can open up the gym? Remember, we're not talking about universities, because no one goes to college to learn.
Bill would send sports at low-performing schools into sudden death [WRAL]


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Around Our Village
March 26th, 2019, 12:54 AM
Ski Holidays, Resorts and everything else associated with organising a great get away.
September 5th, 2017, 05:48 AM
This is the place to talk about and seek help for your snow sports injuries, alignment, and health issues.
July 19th, 2017, 09:22 AM
February 19th, 2017, 08:30 AM
December 16th, 2017, 05:08 PM
October 27th, 2018, 04:14 AM


text: Wow! I didnt realize that this post was from last September. Are the Bills fans a dying breed, or what's the deal here. I realize the Bills havent had a whole lot to brag about the last few seasons but I really enjoy watching these guys play. We need to start rounding up all the bills fans and get them to join.


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While using the Space Invaders multi-tool you may think you are the master, bending it to your will, but think again. The Space Invader is crafty and patient. Methodical. It is gathering intel. It is only a matter of time.
In the meantime, though, this is a pretty geektastic way to screw things in (or up, depending on skill level). Just remember it is you who will be screwed in the end. Perhaps literally. These are aliens we're talking about. $US24. [Fred Flare via Nerd Approved via DVICE]
You can keep up with Jack Loftus, the author of this post, on Twitter and Facebook.


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May 8, 2012, 10:41 am
Maurice Sendak: Remembering the famed children's author
There was always more than a touch of little-boy imp in Maurice Sendak, which probably goes a long way to explaining the magic he wove with such characters in the books he wrote and illustrated.
Sendak died today in Danbury, Conn., in the wake of a recent stroke. He was 83.
From the early 1960s on, he was staple reading for children. His trilogy of "Where the Wild Things Are," "In the Night Kitchen" and "Outside Over There" were among his core works. His final book – at least in his lifetime – came in September: "Bumble-Ardy," which he wrote, and in a departure from his later decades, also illustrated.
Another is due in February.


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The Pound program is a reverse proxy, load balancer and HTTPS front-end for Web server(s). Pound was developed to enable distributing the load among several Web-servers and to allow for a convenient SSL wrapper for those Web servers that do not offer it natively. Pound is distributed under the GPL - no warranty, it's free to use, copy and give away.
Pound is a very small program, easily audited for security problems. It can run as setuid/setgid and/or in a chroot jail. Pound does not access the hard-disk at all (except for reading the certificate file on start, if required) and should thus pose no security threat to any machine.
As of release 1.0 Pound is declared to be production-quality code.
Quite a few people have reported using Pound successfully in production environments. The largest volume reported to date is a site with an average of about 30M requests per day, peaking at over 600 requests/sec.
Pound was successfully used in production with a variety of Web servers, including Apache, IIS, Zope, WebLogic, Jakarta/Tomcat, iPlanet, etc. In general Pound passes requests and responses back and forth unchanged, so we have no reason to think that any web server would be incompatible.
Client browsers that were tested:
Given that Pound is in production and no problems were reported, we have no reason to believe that other browsers would present a problem. A few issues were observed with problematic SSL implementations, most notably with Opera 6, but these should be OK in the present version.
Probably the easiest way to install Pound is to use a pre-compiled package if you can find one. While Apsis offers no such packages, they are available for quite a few systems (SuSE Linux, Debian and derivatives such as Ubuntu, as well as some private packages:
Please note that these sites are not affiliated with Apsis, and we are not responsible for the contents.
Failing that you should install from sources:
Pound is copyrighted by Apsis GmbH and is distributed under the terms of the GNU Public License with the additional exemption that compiling, linking, and/or using OpenSSL is allowed. Basically, this means that you can use it free of charge, copy it, distribute it (provided the copyright is maintained and the full package is distributed), modify it, or line a bird-cage with it.
We would be happy to hear from you if you use it and suggestions and improvements are gladly accepted.
P O Box
CH-8707 Uetikon am See
+41 - 32 - 512 30 19
Pound has its own mailing list now: please send a message in order to subscribe. You will receive confirmation and instructions in the reply.
All messages are available and indexed (searcheable) in the archive.
The mailing list is the primary support forum for Pound - please post there any questions you may have. The developpers' address is given here for information purposes only.
If you use Pound we would appreciate your indicating this by adding the logo to your pages, with a link to the Pound home page.
We had quite a few questions about Heartbleed mitigation. Pound can't do much about it - Heartbleed is an OpenSSL issue. To ensure that you are not vulnerable please update your OpenSSL library to a secure version.
In most cases Pound is dinamically linked against OpenSSL. On Linux systems you can use the ldd command to check what libraries are linked dynamically against a binary. After updating the library just stop and restart Pound to make sure it uses the correct version.
In those rare cases where Pound is statically linked against OpenSSL you will need to obtain a new compiled version of Pound, or recompile it yourself. In any case a Pound restart will be necessary.
A special note for Zope users: the original intent on developing Pound was to allow distributing the load among several Zope servers running on top of ZEO. This it does.
A special problem arises when you try using Pound as an SSL wrapper: Zope assumes that the requests are made via HTTP and insists on prepending 'http://' to the (correct) address in the replies, including in the <base> tag and the absolute URLs it generates (for images for example). This is clearly an undesirable behavior.
In order to address this issue, a modified z2.py (as well as a patch) is included in the distribution. The main difference is that this z2.py allows starting an additional HTTP server via the -y flag that sets the environment HTTPS variable - thus correcting the problem. That means that in order to use Pound as an SSL wrapper you need to:
Some people asked about the possibility of redirecting requests to back-ends as per some virtual hosts definition. While I believe this is not Pound's job, it can be done. As of version 0.10, Pound supports filtering requests based not only on the request URL, but also on the presence or absence of certain headers.
Let's assume that you have internal server 192.168.0.10 that is supposed to serve the needs of virtual host www.server0.com and 192.168.0.11 that serves www.server1.com. You want Pound to listen on address 18.104.22.168 and separate the requests to each host. The config file would look something like this:
ListenHTTP Address 18.104.22.168 Port 80 Service HeadRequire "Host: .*www.server0.com.*" BackEnd Address 192.168.0.10 Port 80 End End Service HeadRequire "Host: .*www.server1.com.*" BackEnd Address 192.168.0.11 Port 80 End End End(add whatever else is necessary) or, if you want even safer filtering:
ListenHTTP Address 126.96.36.199 Port 80 Service HeadRequire "Host: .*www.server0.com.*" HeadDeny "Host: .*www.server1.com.*" BackEnd Address 192.168.0.10 Port 80 End End Service HeadRequire "Host: .*www.server1.com.*" HeadDeny "Host: .*www.server0.com.*" BackEnd Address 192.168.0.11 Port 80 End End EndThis is NOT recommended (I personally believe that virtual hosts should be implemented in the back-end servers - putting this in a proxy is a major security kludge) but it works.
Quite often we get inquiries about Pound's ability to do virtual hosting with HTTPS. In order to lay this matter to rest, let me say:
HTTPS does not allow virtual hostingThis is not a limitation of Pound, but of HTTPS - no Web server or proxy are able to do it due to the nature of the beast.
In order to see why this is the case we need to look at the way HTTPS works. Basically there are three stages in any HTTPS connection:
The vital point to notice here is that connection authentication takes place BEFORE any request was issued.
On the other hand, the way virtual hosting works is for the client to specify in the request to which server it would like to talk. This is accomplished via a Host header:
GET /index.html HTTP/1.1 Host: http://www.virthost.comCombining the two we get to an impasse: on connection setup the server will reply with the certificate for "www.realhost.com", but the request is really for "www.virthost.com" - and most browsers will scream blue murder (as well they should) if the two do not match.
There is a new twist on this however: some of the newer browsers will accept so-called "wild-card certificates". This is a specially crafted certificate that is not issued to a host, but rather to a domain. The result is that on setting-up a new SSL connection, the server replies not with "I am www.encrypted.com", but with "I am *.encrypted.com". If the browser is capable of processing this type of certificate then the connection is set up and normal HTTPS (with www.encrypted.com or special.encrypted.com or even some.other.server.encrypted.com or whatever other name matches) proceeds as usual. Pound supports these certificates and you can use virtual hosts in the normal way.
Update June 2010: starting with with the 2.6 series, Pound has SNI support, if your OpenSSL version supports it. Basically you supply Pound with several certificates, one for each virtual host (wild card certificates - as described above - are allowed). On connecting the client signals to which server it wants to talk, and Pound searches among its certificates which would fit. Not all versions of OpenSSL and not all clients support this mode, but if available it allows for virtual hosts over HTTPS.
An additional option is to use a semi-official TLS extension, the so called alternate subject name. If your version of OpenSSL supports it you may specify in one certificate several alternate server names. This requires support for a special TLS feature, and nor all clients accept it.
For reasons I can't quite grasp, it seems that a lot of Zope users are convinced that virtual hosts are only possible through the Apache/VHM combination and that it requires some kind of magic incantation at midnight in order to work (I won't even start on the virgin sacrifices).
The simple fact is that VHM and the Apache VirtualHost directives (as well as various tricks through mod_rewrite and mod_proxy) are (almost) mutually exclusive: they perform exactly the same functions and, leaving aside the logging issues, are used independently of each other. Let me repeat that: you may use the VHM without Apache - just click on the VHM mappings tab and add whatever virtual host you wish. From this moment on any request to that host will be mapped back and forth by Zope to the required URL. This works if you access Zope directly or via any number of proxies on the way, Pound included.
To test: add a new host name to your /etc/hosts file, making it an alias for localhost - something like:
127.0.0.1 localhost www.testhost.mineAdd a mapping in VHM from www.testhost.mine to some Zope folder (Examples is already there). Point your browser to http://localhost and you get the normal Zope start page; point it to http://www.testhost.mine and you'll see the Examples starting page. All requests are mapped correctly, and the URLs in the pages (such as base or absoluteURL) are translated correctly in the response.
Pound has the ability to keep track of sessions between a client browser and a back-end server. Unfortunately, HTTP is defined as a stateless protocol, which complicates matters: many schemes have been invented to allow keeping track of sessions, none of which works perfectly. Even worse, sessions are critical in order to allow web-based applications to function correctly - it is vital that once a session is established all subsequent requests from the same browser be directed to the same back-end server.
Six possible ways of detecting a session have been implemented in Pound (hopefully the most useful ones): by client address, by Basic authentication, by URL parameter, by cookie, by HTTP parameter and by header value.
Please note the following restrictions on session tracking:
A note on cookie injection: some applications have no session-tracking mechanism at all but would still like to have the client always directed to the same back-end time after time. Some reverse proxies use a mechanism called "cookie injection" in order to achieve this: a cookie is added to the back-end responses and tracked by the reverse proxy.
Pound was designed to be as transparent as possible, and this mechanism is not supported. If you really need this sort of persistent mapping use the client address session mechanism (Session Type IP), which achieves the same result without changing the contents in any way.
As a general rule, Pound passes all headers as they arrive from the client browser to the back-end server(s). There are two exceptions to this rule: Pound may add information about the SSL client certificate (as described below), and it will add an X-Forwarded-For header. The general format is:
X-Forwarded-for: client-IP-addressThe back-end server(s) may use this extra information in order to create their log-files with the real client address (otherwise all requests will appear to originate from Pound itself, which is rather useless).
In addition, Pound logs requests and replies to the system log. This is controlled by the LogLevel configuration variable (0 - no logging, 1 - normal log, 2 - full log, 3 - Apache combined log format, 4 - Apache combined log format without virtual host).
By default the messages go to the LOG_DAEMON facility, but you can change this in the configuration. If you don't want to, you can just do a:
fgrep pound /var/log/messagesto get all the messages generated by Pound.
If a client browser connects via HTTPS and if it presents a certificate and if HTTPSHeaders is set, Pound will obtain the certificate data and add the following HTTP headers to the request it makes to the server:
It is the application's responsibility to actually use these headers - Pound just passes this information without checking it in any way (except for signature and encryption correctness).
Please note that this mechanism allows forgeries: a client may (maliciously) send these headers to Pound in order to masquerade as an SSL client with a specific certificate. If this is a problem for your application make sure to deny these requests. Add:
HeadDeny X-SSL-Subject ".*" HeadDeny X-SSL-Issuer ".*" HeadDeny X-SSL-notBefore ".*" HeadDeny X-SSL-notAfter ".*" HeadDeny X-SSL-serial ".*" HeadDeny X-SSL-cipher ".*"within the UrlGroup(s).
A few people ran into problems when installing Pound because of the various threading models and how they interact with system-imposed limits. Please keep in mind the following requirements:
Please note that your kernel needs to be configured to support the required resources - the above are just the shell commands.
Quite a few people asked "What is wrong with Apache/Squid/ stunnel/your_favorite? Do we really need another proxy system?". The simple answer is that there is nothing wrong - they are all excellent systems that do their jobs very well. The reasoning behind Pound is however slightly different:
Taking these criteria into consideration, it is easy to see why the other systems mentioned above do not fit:
Some people asked about the possibility of dedicating specific back-end servers to some clients - in other words, if a request originates from a certain IP address or group of addresses then it should be sent to a specific group of back-end servers.
Given the ease with which IP addresses can be forged I am personally doubtful of the utility of such a feature. Even should you think it desirable, it is probably best implemented via the packet filter, rather than a proxy server. Assuming that requests from x.com are to go to s1.local, requests from y.com to s2.local and everything else to s3.local and s4.local, here is how to do it:
This would give you the desired effect and probably better performance than a purely proxy-based solution (though the performance improvement is debatable, at least on Linux).
As of version 1.0 Pound supports the full WebDAV command-set. In fact, it has been tested and is known to (almost) work with the Microsoft Outlook Web Gateway, which is quite remarkable given that Microsoft's own proxy does not.
Regrettably, Microsoft adherence to standards leaves something to be desired: they decided to add some characters to their URLs - thus breaking a whole set of RFC's.
Rather then change Pound to accept these characters (which could create some serious issues with security on other systems) we have made this behaviour dependent on a configuration switch: xHTTP (see the man page for details).
If you also use the SSL wrapper feature in front of a Microsoft server you should probably also add
HTTPSHeaders 1 "Front-End-Https: on"'
These changes are also required to access a Subversion server via Pound.
The following problems were reported by various people who use pound:
Albert for investigating and writing the TCP_NODELAY code.
Luuk de Boer did some serious testing and debugging of the WebDAV code for Microsoft servers.
Dagobert Michelsen packages and makes available Solaris packages for various Pound versions.
David Couture found some nasty, lurking bugs, as well as contributing some serious testing on big hardware.
Frank Denis contributed a few excellent code patches and some good ideas.
Dmitriy Dvoinikov makes available a FreeBSD live-cd distribution which includes a Pound binary.
Abner G. Jacobsen did a lot of testing in a production environment and contributed some very nice ideas.
Akira Higuchi found a significant security issue in Pound and contributed the code to fix it.
Ken Lalonde contributed very useful remarks and suggestions, as well as correcting a few code errors.
Phil Lodwick contributed essential parts of the high-availability code and came up with some good ideas. In addition, did some serious testing under heavy loads.
Simon Matter packages and makes available RPMs for various Pound versions.
Jan-Piet Mens raised some interesting security points about the HTTPS implementation and brought the original idea for SSL header filtering.
Andreas Roedl for testing and some ideas about logging in root jails.
Shinji Tanaka contributed a patch for controlling logging to disk files. This is available here
Jim Washington contributed the code for WebDAV and tested it.
Maxime Yve discovered a nasty bug in the session tracking code and contributed the patch to fix it.
Paul Bukhovko makes available a translation in Belorussian.
Joe Gooch contributed many valuable suggestions and bug fixes.
Shin Sterneck contributed the packages for CRUX Linux.
Frank Schmirler contributed many useful patches and suggestions.
All the others who tested Pound and told me about their results.


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The car that really got me addicted was, of course, the new Fiat 128 my parents bought when I was 6; it sounded amazing going through the gears. However, I never thought "I must have one of these someday"
No, a couple years before I heard that Fiat SOHC, I decided that the Porsche 914 was the car I'd have when I grew up. The Martin family cars at the time were a '49 Cadillac and a '67 Ford Custom with three-on-the-floor, and most folks in 1970 Minneapolis were driving Caprices and Valiants… but those angular little
VWs Porsches, in their weirdly acrid colors, really grabbed my attention. Later on, once I knew a few things about cars, I decided that I'd trade all the 914s in the world for a single Studebaker Avanti, but the 914 was the first. How about you?
Photo source: Wikipedia


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If you like the video and the blog: Be fan of Romston•com Blog on Facebook !!
On the video: Dos Equis Commercial: The Most Interesting Man In The World 01
- On every continent in the world, there is a sandwich named after him.
- He is left-handed. And right-handed.
- He never says something tastes like chicken – not even chicken.
- He's been known to cure narcolepsy, just by walking into a room.
- He once had an awkward moment, just to see how it feels.
- His beard alone has experienced more than a lesser man's entire body.
- Even his enemies list him as their emergency contact number.
- He's a lover, not a fighter, but he's also a fighter, so don't get any ideas.
- When it is raining, it is because he is thinking of something sad.
- His shirts never wrinkle.
- He once taught a horse to read email for him.
- If he were to mail a letter without postage, it would still get there.
- He has amassed an incredibly large DVD library, and it is said that he never once alphabetized it.
- You can see his charisma from space.
- The police often question him, just because they find him interesting.
- He once punched a magician. That's right. You heard me.
- If a monument were built in his honor, Mt. Rushmore would close… due to poor attendance.
- He once taught a German shepherd to bark in Spanish.
- His organ donation card also lists his beard.
- He lives vicariously through himself.
- He doesn't believe in using oven mitts, nor potholders.
- His reputation is expanding faster than the universe.
- His cereal never gets soggy. It sits there, staying crispy, just for him.
- The pheromones he secretes have been known to affect people miles away, in a slight but measurable way.
- His hands feel like rich brown suede.
- He owns three sports cars and rents five.
- He once brought in $13 million at a charity bachelor auction, which was a lot of money at the time.
- Respected archaeologists fight over his discarded apple cores.
- His blood smells like cologne.
- He is the most interesting man in the world.
Look at the other post of Interesting man on my blog:
Link here


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Venezuela: Risk Assessment
Country Risk Rating
Business Climate Rating
- Significant oil reserves along the Orinoco river and potential offshore gas fields
- Geographic proximity to the United States, the leading market for Venezuelan oil
- Assets (including in the United States) of the State oil company, PDVSA
- Growing workforce
- In default on its sovereign and quasi-sovereign debt
- Economy heavily dependent on oil and gas sector and loans from China and Russia
- Hyperinflation
- Shortages of currency and goods (basic foodstuffs, medicines)
- Opaque and informal management of oil and gas revenues
- Length of payment time in business
- Serious political insecurity
- Criminality (homicides), corruption, trafficking of all types, black market
Current Trends
Acute and Far-Reaching Crisis
The economy, in crisis since 2014, is expected to remain in recession in 2018, under the impact of galloping inflation and declining oil and gas production. Despite the slow rise in oil prices, oil and gas production is likely to continue falling (-13.5% between October 2016 and October 2017) due to the lack of investment. As oil accounts for 90% of exports, 50% of budget revenues, and almost all of currency earnings, this decline in production is expected to worsen the existing macroeconomic imbalances. The non-oil economy is expected to contract further, suffering from a lack of investment, following years of neglect in favor of the oil and gas sector. The difficulty of obtaining intermediate products and capital goods is undermining industrial output because the private sector depends on the state for access to foreign currency. This decline in productive capacities is taking place in a context of hyperinflation. The monetization of the public deficit because of the decline in oil revenues has caused inflation to soar, exacerbated by the fall of the Venezuelan bolivar and rocketing import prices. In this context, household purchasing power continues to be seriously diminished. The shortage of everyday essentials is becoming increasingly severe, under the pressure of the government's policy to drive down imports. Investment is likely to continue its decline in a business climate that is being undermined (arbitrary expropriations, intrusive checks, government inspections) and in a context of widespread political insecurity.
Fragile Budget and External Positions
The decline in oil revenues, together with the real-term reduction in non-oil revenues, has resulted in a rocketing of public deficit. However, the government has not reduced social spending in the same proportion. The deficit is largely being financed through monetization, as well as via Russian and Chinese loans, subject to "loan against oil" terms. With Venezuela in default on its sovereign and quasi-sovereign (PDVSA) debts as of the 2nd November 2017, it is facing the need to restructure its debt in order to maintain its access to financing. Russia has granted a restructuring covering USD 3.15 billion relating to payments due over the next six years. However, achieving a more comprehensive restructuring appears to be more difficult following an unfruitful first round of meetings with its creditors. The existence of US sanctions against certain Venezuelan officials – including lead negotiator Tareck El Aissami, accused of drug trafficking – will prevent any US creditor from taking part in these negotiations.
In terms of the current account, the balance of trade should be slightly in surplus. This is a reflection of the contraction in imports (from USD 33.3 to USD 15.5 billion between 2015 and 2017) and a relatively stable level of oil exports, thanks to the recovery in oil prices. This surplus will not offset the deficit in services, linked with the collapse in tourism and the cost of oil industry engineering services, nor the high cost of debt servicing (USD 120 billion). The very low level of FDI and any bilateral loans will not be enough to bring the balance of payments into equilibrium. Currency reserves will continue to decline (USD 9.9 billion in November 2017, including gold), with any rebuilding being limited by the repayment in kind of Chinese and Russian loans, which leaves very little oil for sale to bring in enough foreign currency. This financing deficit is likely to continue to pull down the bolivar, further aggravating the gap between the official rate (VEB 10 for USD 1), used only for public transactions involving staples, and the parallel rate (VEB 103,000 for USD 1 at the end of 2017).
Tense Political Situation
2017 was a year of rising political tensions, an indication of the inability of the government to find a way out of the economic mess. The election of a Constituent Assembly in August 2017 was preceded by three months of conflict between government forces and supporters of the opposition, resulting in over a hundred deaths. This new assembly, which favors Nicolas Maduro (Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela, PSUV) because it was boycotted by the opposition, has been trying to take power away from the opposition (Mesa Unitaria Democratica, MUD) dominated Congress, with an announcement of the dissolution of the latter in August 2017. The wave of international outrage following this and demonstrations within the country forced the government to step back, but without actually defusing the situation. Elections of regional governors in October 2017, largely won by the governmental party, strengthened the hand of President Maduro by highlighting divisions within the opposition. The decision by four governors, members of MUD, to be sworn in by the Constituent Assembly generated considerable disagreement within the coalition, as the vast majority of its members claim the Assembly is without any legitimacy. The victory of the PSUV in the municipal elections in December 2017, boycotted by the opposition, further exacerbated these tensions. Negotiations between the government and the opposition started in November 2017, with the government agreeing to intensify the fight against corruption, and the arrest of senior oil industry executives. With a divided opposition and an increasingly repressive use of power, the danger of political and social upheavals will continue at a high level until at least the next presidential election at the end of 2018.


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SCENE The man from Angels Camp The office of the H&S managing part-ner looks out on New York harbor and Ellis Island, for many years the gate-way to America for millions of hopeful arrivals from other lands. For Michael N. Chetkovich, newly arrived in that bright corner office, the view must in-vite some satisfying observations on the workings of history. His mother and father passed through Ellis Island around the turn of the century on their separate journeys from the Dalmatian coast of what is now Yugoslavia to the gold mining country of California, where they later met and married. At Angels Camp in Calaveras County, where his father worked as a miner, Michael (more generally known as Mike) was bom in 1916. The route from there to the man-aging par bier's office led through high school in Los Angeles, college at Berke-ley, Naval duty in the Pacific and partnership in McLaren, Goode, West & Co., which merged in 195a with H&S. In 1965, Mr. Chetkovich became partner in charge of the H&S San Francisco Office. With his transfer to the Executive Office in 1967, he didn't entirely sever his connections with California, for among the half dozen newspapers he reads every day, several come from the Bay Area and Los Angeles. His taste for paintings runs to seascapes that remind him of the Big Sur and the Monterey Peninsula of Northern California. He remembers the Angels Camp of his early years as "an exciting place in those days." Among the miners were many Serbs and Croats who brought both their common Balkan heritage and their ancient differences (reflect-ing, perhaps, their historic location at the crossroads of Eastern and Western cultures) into the mining camp. Croats follow the Western Church calendar, Serbs the Orthodox calendar. They would cordially celebrate with each other at separate Christmas feasts, and then on some Saturday night, for no reason at all, Serbs and Croats would brawl in the local tavern. Men on both sides would wind up in jail and have to be bailed out by the mine super-intendent to get the mines working again. "If one were a novelist," he mused, "he would find wonderful ma-terial in the colorful life in the mining camps." One writer who did describe the early days in Angels Camp was Mark Twain, when he wrote The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. "That's now the chief claim to fame of Angels Camp," Mr. Chetkovich re-marked, laughing at the memory of the tall tale about the inveterate gambler who lost a forty dollar bet on the jump- 4 ing prowess of his pet because his ad-versary weighted down the frog with quail shot. Angels Camp has held an "International Jumping Frog Jubilee" every May since the Twenties. In the mid-1920S the mines struck hard times, and miners drifted away to farming or to construction work. Then in 1933, the depths of the De-pression, the Roosevelt Administration raised the price of gold and staked the mines to a future. So Mr. Chet-kovich, who had just graduated from high school in Los Angeles, returned with his family to Angels Camp. He worked, not in the mines but with a highway crew, for two years before college. At the University of California at Berkeley ("a lively place in the Thirties, too ") he was president of both Beta Gamma Sigma and Beta Alpha Psi and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa and in 1940 got his MS degree. During vaca-tions he worked again on the highway and also gained his own underground experience, mining stone used for building material. His hands still have the strong, capable look of an artisan. When he holds an accountant's fine point pen, the contrast is striking. As an accountant, Mr. Chetkovich under-standably has had an interest in ac-counting for extractive industries. "It's hard to shake the mines out of your system once you've been so close to them," he has said. Berkeley has re-mained close to his heart, too; in addi-tion to his other affiliations with the University, he is president of the New York area alumni club. He had not always known he would be an accountant. He recalled having a "vague notion about going into inter-national trade or the consular service." Then he was exposed to accounting and concentrated on it because it gave him satisfaction and, he noted, a rea-sonable assurance of finding a job at a time when jobs were still scarce.
Object Description
H&S scene
Clifton Springs Hospital and Clinic
|Personal Name
Chetkovich, Michael N.
Croteau, Joe
Benning, Jerome A.
Brown, Fred
Haskins & Sells. San Francisco Office
Haskins & Sells. San Juan Office
Haskins & Sells. Minneapolis Office
Haskins & Sells. Rochester Office
Deloitte, Plender, Haskins & Sells. Lima Office
|Illustration not included in Web version.
H&S Reports, Vol. 07, (1970 summer), p. 04-07
|Originally published by: Haskins & Sells
|Copyright and permission to republish held by: Deloitte
|PDF page image with corrected OCR scanned at 400 dpi
|Deloitte Digital Collection
|Digital Publisher
|University of Mississippi Library. Accounting Collection
|Date-Digitally Created


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California Sen. Barbara Boxer, herself the veteran of many a bruising political battle, has decided to endorse Rep. Howard Berman in his battle against fellow incumbent Brad Sherman for a newly drawn congressional seat in the San Fernando Valley.
From the LAT's Jean Merl: "In a letter to Berman dated Monday, Boxer said she was abandoning her position of neutrality because of a mailer the Sherman campaign sent out which Boxer said "outrageously tries to connect you to the San Bruno tragedy."
"The Sherman campaign sent the mailer to call attention to an independent expenditure by a PG&E, which has contributed $10,000 to support Berman. PG&E is operating as a "super PAC" -- a corporate campaign organization that can spend unlimited amounts for or against candidates so long as they do not coordinate with the candidate they are supporting. At least one other super PAC has contributed to elect Berman."
"Sherman has urged Berman to sign a pledge aimed at neutralizing Super PACs, which Sherman expects to play a big role helping reelect Berman over himself. Berman so far has ignored Sherman's entreaty to "sign the pledge."
Nobody is really sure just how much money California's cap-and-trade system will produce, but as the quarterly auctions are poised to begin this summer, the estimates run into the billions of dollars. Capitol Weekly's John Howard has the story.
"We estimate that in the first year we'll see somewhere on the order of $550 million, maybe as high as $900 million," said Air Resources Board's Dave Clegern. "Our projections are pretty conservative," he added."
"The one-ton emission allowances – they are sort of like permission slips to put carbon emissions into the air -- could go for $10 to $13 each, Clegern said, noting that is difficult to pin down the allowances' value until the sales actually take place. Currently, in the futures' market an emission allowance is worth about $20. Other estimates have put the per-allowance price tag at up to $80 each." "The auctions are a critical part of California's "cap-and-trade" plan to cut greenhouse gases – using market-based measures as opposed to direct orders from regulators to throttle emissions."
California's community college system, a national showpiece and a first-rate hatchery for those wishing to pursue a four-year education, face mid-year cuts that are all but certain to result in fewer classes and higher fees.
From the LAT's Carla Rivera: "In the latest fallout from California's ongoing fiscal crisis, the state's 112 community colleges reported that revenues from students' fees are $107 million below projections for the current fiscal year as more economically strapped students seek and receive fee waivers. In addition, property tax revenues also fell short of estimates by about $41 million."
It's report card time for California's HMOs and other health-care providers, and the Oakland Tribune's Sandy Kleffman tells the tale.
"California's largest health plans have improved their care for diabetic patients, but many need to do better at treating children with throat infections, testing for lung disease and helping people overcome drug and alcohol addictions. These are among the findings of the 11th annual report card released Wednesday by the state Office of the Patient Advocate."
"The report card is meant to give consumers an easy-to-use tool to compare the quality of care delivered by the state's nine largest health maintenance organizations, six largest preferred provider organizations and 212 medical groups."
Disputes over public records often involve reporters and a public agency, but here's a twist: It's the feds vs. the state's elections officer in a postal records suit.
From Corey Johnson at California Watch: "The U.S. Department of Justice yesterday asked a federal court to dismiss a California Fair Political Practices Commission lawsuit accusing the U.S. Postal Service of withholding records."
"The commission regulates the political activities of public officials, lobbyists and campaign committees and enforces California's campaign reporting and disclosure requirements, conflict-of-interest rules, and election laws."
It sued the post office last month after postal officials refused to provide unredacted copies of a school board candidate's mailing records. The commission is investigating whether the candidate, William Eisen, a former member of the Manhattan Beach Unified School District's board, violated election disclosure rules."
Ronald Yank, the state official who represents management in negotiations with the state employees' unions has stepped down, and apparently plans to leave around the end of the month.
From Jon Ortiz in the Bee: " Ronald Yank told Department of Personnel Administration staff on Tuesday that he's leaving. The Brown administration, which hadn't named a successor to the key post as of late Tuesday afternoon, declined to make Yank available for an interview."


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Yolo CountyHome Sitemap Contact
Administrative Services
To provide fiscal, personnel, accounting, clerical services and related support to all Probation Department activities.
Responsibilities include:
- Administration of the Probation Department's budget;
- Management of the department's clerical support structure;
- Maintenance of all personnel, administrative and probation case records;
- Supportive functions to include purchasing, inventory, accounting and payroll;
Development and maintenance of contracts and special grant activities.
The unit is comprised of one Director and 15 staff.
The Administrative Services Division plays a key role supporting all programs within the Probation Department. Responsibilities are indeed varied and may run the gamut from being the "face" of the agency to those being serviced ... to preparing and maintaining accurate records of nearly all department activity. Further, maintaining purchasing, inventory and personnel records is no small task for an agency this size. The knowledge base of division staff must be broad in that their responsibilities are far ranging and critical to the operation of the agency.


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Elementary Christmas Program with Alumni
Date/TimeDate(s) - 12/04/2019
All Day
Would You Like More Information?
P.O. Box 830, Hershey PA 17033-0830
General Information: (717) 520-2000 | Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Admissions* Toll-Free: (800) 322-3248 | Fax: (717) 520-2117 | Email: email@example.com
Careers Email: email@example.com (Questions only please)
*Milton Hershey School does not discriminate in admissions or other programs and services on the basis of race, color, national or ethnic origin, ancestry, sex, religious creed or disability. More information here.


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Whenever I browse my Time Capsule's AirPort Disk, it seems very slow in simply listing the files it has. I am looking in directories with upwards of fifty music files in each.
Scrolling is really slow. I have turned of Icon Preview in the View Options etc. But it's still slow.
Anyone know how I can speed it up?


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Street Address:
« Back | Forward »
« Back
NEW YORK (AP) — A New York investment manager has been charged with defrauding investors out of more than $2.7 million.
Manhattan federal prosecutors say Stephen Colangelo Jr., misled investors by making false statements, including issuing fraudulent performance statements and other business documents.
Colangelo was arrested Monday at his home in Congers, N.Y.
Prosecutors say he was involved in two separate schemes between 2009 and 2011.
One allegedly involved a hedge fund Colangelo controlled called the Brickell Fund, LLC. The second allegedly involved three companies he created and controlled. They were Hedge Community, Start A Hedge Fund and Under the Radar SEO.
Colangelo was charged with two counts of securities fraud and two counts of wire fraud. Each carries a maximum term of 20 years in prison.
Information about his lawyer wasn't immediately available.
Help | Customer Service
Copyright 1995 -
by The Nashville Ledger - All Rights Reserved -
Privacy Policy - About


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Church Angel makes it easy to add your church to our comprehensive directory!
yes, i want toAdd Christian Church Add Christian Counselor
Hawaii is located in the middle of the Pacifica Ocean and is the only state made up solely by islands. In Hawaii, you will find major cities such as: Aiea, Anahola, Ewa, Ewa Beach, Haiku, Haleiwa, Hauula, Hilo, Honokaa, Honolulu, Hoolehua, Kahului. The climate in Hawaii is tropical, summer days tend to be upper 80's, while winter days tend to mid to lower 80's.Church Angel has a huge list of churches in Hawaii that offer various Christian denominations including Protestant, Methodist, Baptist, Lutheran, Presbyterian, and many more. Our church directory lists 96 churches in Hawaii, so there are lots to choose from! We hope that you find a church in HI that meets your needs.
Church Angel .com is a directory of churches and Christian counselors that can be searched for by city, state, and denomination covering the United States of America and Canada. We made it easy to browse through churches in your area. Our online Christian church directory makes it easy to list a church or find a church that meets your spiritual needs. Find a church today!


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Wii Value Games
- Try different search words
- Clear all selections to show more results.
- Browse from the home page
- Find a club near you
Nintendo Wii Games at Great Prices
Sam's Club is full of great, classic Nintendo Wii value games for you and your entire family to enjoy. We've got some of the most popular titles at prices that are far more affordable than those you'll find at your average retail outlet. Remember, with Nintendo Wii, value games don't mean games that aren't fun or exciting. You'll want to play these games over and over again.
You and your kids can look over the great catalog of affordable Wii games together. You'll find racing games, LEGO games, adventure games and a lot more, many designed specifically for younger game enthusiasts and their families. And there are plenty of exercise focused games as well, to help you and your family stay fit as you have fun together.
Whether you're a child of 8 or 80, you'll love playing these motion sensitive games with friends and family, and you may be surprised at the health benefits you enjoy. When your kids can't be outside playing on a rainy day, they can be inside playing Wii sports, staying active without ever leaving the house.
If you're getting excited about these great Wii value games, you don't need to wait. Pick out all your favorites from the Sam's Club collection today and get ready to start enjoying some fun, exciting, active games tomorrow.


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Shop RC Models is an e-shop for Radio Controlled Models and RC parts. With 30,000 product codes from all over the world, our target and purpose is to present you the largest RC Models catalog in Europe at the lowest prices.
Among our pages you will find electric and petrol powered model cars, aircrafts, helicopters and boats. You will also find all spare and optional parts for each model.
RC Modelling is our hobby and we will do our best to offer you anything you will need with the best possible service.
The Shop RC Models Team
Futaba R149DP PCM 9ch Dual Conversion Receiver, 35Mhz , Brand New in box , without Receiver Crystal
R149DP is a 9 Channel PCM Dual Conversion Receiver
FEATURES: Narrow-band spacing and dual conversion signal filtering combine to provide exceptionally clear, interference-free reception and amazingly smooth, accurate control
INCLUDES: One R149DP 9 Channel 35MHz PCM 1024 Receiver wtihout Rx Crystal
Contact Us | Terms of Use | Terms of Buying and Shipping | Privacy Statement | Links
Copyright © 2011 Shop RC Models - All Rights Reserved


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PIRSA:13110092 ( MP4 Medium Res , MP3 , PDF ) Which Format?
Bounding the Elliptope of Quantum Correlations & Proving Separability in Mixed States
Speaker(s): Elie Wolfe
Abstract: We present a method for determining the maximum possible violation of any linear Bell inequality per quantum mechanics. Essentially this amounts to a constrained optimization problem for an observable's eigenvalues, but the problem can be reformulated so as to be analytically tractable. This opens the door for an arbitrarily precise characterization of quantum correlations, including allowing for non-random marginal expectation values. Such a characterization is critical when contrasting QM to superficially similar general probabilistic theories. We use such marginal-involving quantum bounds to estimate the volume of all possible quantum statistics in the complete 8-dimensional probability space of the Bell-CHSH scenario, measured relative to both local hidden variable models as well as general no-signaling theories. See arXiv:1106.2169. Time permitting, we'll also discuss how one might go about trying to prove that a given mixed state is, in fact, not entangled. (The converse problem of certifying non-zero entanglement has received extensive treatment already.) Instead of directly asking if any separable representation exists for the state, we suggest simply checking to see if it "fits" some particular known-separable form. We demonstrate how a surprisingly valuable sufficient separability criterion follows merely from considering a highly-generic separable form. The criterion we generate for diagonally-symmetric mixed states is apparently completely tight, necessary and sufficient. We use integration to quantify the "volume" of states captured by our criterion, and show that it is as large as the volume of states associated with the PPT criterion; this simultaneously proves our criterion to be necessary as well as the PPT criterion to be sufficient, on this family of states. The utility of a sufficient separability criterion is evidenced by categorically rejecting Dicke-model superradiance for entanglement generation schema. See arXiv:1307.5779.
Date: 26/11/2013 - 3:30 pm
Series: Quantum Foundations
URL: http://pirsa.org/13110092/ Share:


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KABUL (Pajhwok): Chief Executive Offcier (CEO) Dr. Abdullah Abdullah has said only slogans would not help end violence against women but practical steps were needed. The CEO said the national unity government was committed to bringing fundamental... read more
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StoryCorps Shorts: Family Politics
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"He was proud of his upbringing and, at every opportunity, paid tribute to the excellent cricket grounding he received from Queen's College where he went to school," said Bacher on Saturday as the news broke of Greig's death.
"He passed on his love of his native South Africa to his young son Tom, who can often be seen wearing a Springbok rugby jersey or Proteas cricket shirt."
Greig, who died on Saturday at his home in Sydney, Australia, at the age of 66, was born in Queenstown, in the Eastern Cape. The 66-year-old suffered a heart attack in the midst of his battle with advanced-stage lung cancer.
Bacher, who said he was "shattered" by the news of Greig's death, held onto vivid memories of Greig being a very tough competitor.
"I only played against him in provincial cricket for about two years and what stuck in my mind was how he always gave 100 per cent.
"He never sledged and he just never stopped trying."
Bacher also recalled their early playing days and an incident which, until this day, the former South African Test captain had never spoken about publicly.
"In the 1970/71 season, Tony was playing for Eastern Province at the Wanderers against Transvaal. We [Transvaal] won the toss and we were batting. I was the non-facing batsman when one of their bowlers ran in from the Golf Course end and the facing batsman cut the ball to gully where Greig was fielding. He stopped the ball and then keeled over having an epileptic fit," Bacher said.
"As I was a medical practitioner, I ran and got my medical bag from the boot of my car. I gave him an intravenous shot of valium and then we rushed him to a neurologist."
The late Charles Fortune, doyen of radio broadcasting at the time, commentating on the game, said on air Greig had suffered sunstroke and kept the public in the dark about Greig's epilepsy.
Bacher said Greig had been diagnosed with the condition while still at Queen's College and, in a recent telephone conversation, told Bacher he was happy to have the truth about the incident revealed.
"He said he had never tried to conceal it and he wanted people to know and to be an inspiration to those suffering from the often-debilitating condition."
Key role
Bacher acknowledged Greig's key role in Kerry Packer's World Series Cricket (WSC) revolution in the late seventies which changed the future of the game.
"To emphasise the significance of Greig's role in the Packer Series, you need to put it into perspective in world-cricket terms," Bacher said.
"There have been three major crises in the history of world cricket –the 'Bodyline Series' in the thirties, the Packer revolution in the seventies and, more recently, match-fixing. His role in the WSC was hugely substantial."
Greig was a strategic figure in recruiting international players for the WSC which began in 1977, and abruptly ended his England Test career.
"He suffered an enormous backlash, playing for England at the time. He didn't just join the revolution, he was a huge player in it and saw the need for it.
"It changed the face of cricket forever — for the better — primarily because, from that moment on, cricket became a strong commercial entity.
"As a result, the international cricketers and English county players, who were professional, started to receive just rewards and were better remunerated for their expertise and skills. It would never have happened without the Packer revolution."
'Best all-round cricketer'
The WSC also introduced night cricket and coloured clothing to the game.
Bacher said he was due to speak to his former provincial adversary on Saturday evening in a scheduled interview.
Writing a book with David Williams on the best all-rounders produced in this country, Bacher said Tony Greig would be one of the featured cricketers.
He had played 58 Tests for England – 14 as captain – and scored 3,599 runs at an average of 40.43 and took 141 wickets at 32.20.
"I spoke to him a few months ago when he had just returned from Dubai and he told me he was not so well but was going in for a lung biopsy," Bacher said.
"He was delighted about the book and we arranged that at end of November I would phone him for a detailed interview as I had a lot of questions for him. He then sent me email to say he was going in for a big op and would come back to me in ten days' time.
"That telephone interview had been arranged for tonight and then I got the sad news this morning that he had passed away." – Sapa


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Sawing off a cast is totes normal... if you're a doctor. Sawing off a cast when you're not a doctor? Not at all recommended. So why oh why, Lawrence Roberts, did you saw off your son's cast? He's missing fingers now!
Roberts, a 33-year-old man, used a 10-inch circular saw on his 15-year-old son's arm cast. The authorities have no idea why Roberts wanted to saw it off, but when he did, he sliced through his kid's right thumb and almost cut off the middle of his son's index finger. Roberts has been charged with aggravated child abuse. Don't play doctor, folks. [NBC Miami]


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The new comic following the events of Buffy Season 8
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The Heart Truth - Lower Heart Disease Risk
Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Heart Disease
Menopausal hormone therapy once seemed the answer for many of the conditions women face as they age. It was thought that hormone therapy could ward off heart disease, osteoporosis, and cancer, while improving women's quality of life. But beginning in July 2002, findings emerged from clinical trials that showed this was not so. In fact, long-term use of hormone therapy poses serious risks and may increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. The findings come from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), launched in 1991 to test ways to prevent a number of medical disorders in postmenopausal women. It consists of a set of clinical studies on hormone therapy, diet modification, and calcium and vitamin D supplements; an observational study; and a community prevention study.
The two hormone therapy clinical studies were both stopped early because of serious risks and the failure to prevent heart disease. Briefly, the estrogen-plus-progestin therapy increased women's risk for heart attacks, stroke, blood clots, and breast cancer. These risks diminished after stopping estrogen-plus-progestin. Estrogen-plus-progestin also doubled the risk of dementia and did not protect women against memory loss. However, the therapy had some benefits: It reduced the risk for colorectal cancer and bone fractures. Estrogen-alone therapy increased the risk for stroke and venous thrombosis (blood clot, usually in one of the deep veins of the legs). It had no effect on heart disease and colorectal cancer, and an uncertain effect on breast cancer. Estrogen alone gave no protection against memory loss, and there were more cases of dementia in those who took the therapy than those on the placebo, although the increase was not statistically significant. Estrogen alone reduced the risk for bone fractures.
While questions remain, the findings make possible some advice about using hormone therapy: Estrogen alone or with progestin should not be used to prevent heart disease. Talk with your doctor about other ways of preventing heart attack and stroke, including lifestyle changes and medicines such as cholesterol-lowering statins and blood pressure drugs.
If you are considering using menopausal hormone therapy to prevent osteoporosis, talk with your doctor about the possible benefits weighed against your personal risks for heart attack, stroke, blood clots, and breast cancer. Ask your doctor about alternative treatments that are safe and effective in preventing osteoporosis and bone fractures.
Do not take menopausal hormone therapy to prevent dementia or memory loss.
If you are considering menopausal hormone therapy to provide relief from menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, talk with your doctor about whether this treatment is right for you. WHI findings confirm that menopausal hormone therapy relieves menopausal symptoms. At the average age of menopause the absolute risks (numbers) of heart attack, stroke, and blood clots are low and little affected by short-term menopausal hormone therapy. The current U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommendation for menopausal hormone therapy is that it should be used at the lowest dose for the shortest period of time to reach treatment goals.
And remember: Your risk for heart disease, stroke, osteoporosis, and other conditions may change as you age. So review your health regularly with your doctor. New treatments that are safe and effective may become available. Stay informed.
If You Have Heart Disease: Menopausal hormone therapy was once thought to lower the risk of heart attack and stroke for women with heart disease. But research now shows that women with heart disease should not take it. Menopausal hormone therapy can involve the use of estrogen alone or estrogen plus progestin. For women with heart disease, estrogen alone will not prevent heart attacks, and estrogen plus progestin increases the risk for heart attack during the first few years of use. Estrogen plus progestin also increases the risk for blood clots, stroke, and breast cancer.
Last Updated: February 29, 2012


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LAWNSIDE (AP) - Authorities are looking for the person who fatally shot a southern New Jersey man while he was at his girlfriend's home this weekend.
Camden County Prosecutor Warren Faulk says 32-year-old Stephon Cushion of Camden was shot several times early Saturday at the Lawnside residence. His girlfriend and another woman were also in the home at the time but were not injured by the shooter, who fled the scene moments after the shooting occurred around 3:30 a.m.
Faulk says evidence indicates the shooter was known to the victim, but he declined further comment.
A motive for the shooting remains under investigation. No arrests have been made.


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Arvada "Soul Food" features Mormon Choir soloist
Ten Arvada churches are getting together to hold a food bank fundraiser on Saturday, March 13 at the Arvada United Methodist Church.
The featured artist is international star Alex Boye, who is a soloist with the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. Boye, who, according to his website, joined the LDS when he was 16, got his start in England with the boy band "Awesome," and performed with Mary J. Blige, The Smashing Pumpkins and Missy Elliott, just to name a few.
Boye became disenchanted with the industry and moved to Utah to concentrate on Gospel music. "I was climbing the ladder of success but when i got to the top, i found myself leaning on the wrong side of the wall," he said on his website.
The fundraiser will also feature conductors and singers from 10 Arvada churches.
Cost is a donation of non-perishable food and $3 per person or $10 for a family. Arvada United Methodist is located at 6750 Carr St.


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He's already warming up the excuses........ENGLEWOOD, Colo. – Is Tony Romo trying to get a head start in working the referees who will call Sunday's game between his Dallas Cowboys and the Denver Broncos?
The Cowboys quarterback on Wednesday offered perhaps a back-handed compliment to the Broncos' secondary when he said Denver's defensive backs "do a great job with their hands."
"They grab, they hold, they've almost put a lot of pressure on the refs – whether or not they're going to call the game close or not," Romo said on a conference call with reporters in Denver. "If they get called once or twice, that's a good thing. But they're all over guys as far as using the little tricks, I guess you could say, that good linebackers and good secondaries use when they're playing man coverage."
BRONCOS: Dez vs. Demaryius debate rages on
BELL: What Freeman saga means for NFL
Romo said he didn't think the Broncos had been "exposed with a lot of penalties."
Denver's defensive backs would probably disagree.
The Broncos have been called for defensive pass interference five times, for defensive holding four times and for illegal contact one time. Seven of those flags came in a Week 2 win against the Giants.
Third cornerback Tony Carter, who lines up outside when the team is in its nickel package, has three of the pass interference flags and two of the holding calls. Starting corner Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie has the other two pass interference flags.
What it all could mean is a physical game between the Broncos' defensive backs and Dallas' wide receivers, especially Dez Bryant, who has been penalized once this season for offensive pass interference.
"To me, that's going to be tough sledding for a lot of teams, when you play against teams who are going to be that physical outside," Romo said. "I think we'll try to do some things to help combat that."


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AMERICUS - Georgia Southwestern fought its way back from a three-run deficit and never looked back as the Hurricanes defeated Thomas University (Ga.), 12-6, on Wednesday evening in non-conference baseball action.
GSW doubled up Thomas in runs and hits, as the Hurricanes belted 18 hits to the Night Hawks nine. Michel Coffey and Corey Benson had four hits apiece to lead the assult. The Hurricanes hit .470 (8-for-17) with runners in scoring position.
With the win, the Hurricanes improve to 25-19 overall. Thomas falls to 18-24.
GSW took the early lead with a run in the first inning. Coffey and Andrew Archer belted back-to-back two-out doubles to put the 'Canes ahead 1-0.
TU quickly responded with four runs in the second behind four hits and a GSW throwing error.
The two sides proceeded to swap a run apiece over the next three innings.
Trailing 5-2 in the fifth, Coffey and Archer went back to work. Coffey started with a two-out double to bring home Stephen Gaylor. Archer followed with a two-run single to left that brought around John Duran and Coffey.
After TU pushed a run across in the sixth, GSW put the game out of reach with six runs in the bottom of the frame. Paschal Poston, Gaylor and Coffey tallied RBIs for the Hurricanes. GSW hit back-to-back-to-back singles twice in the inning.
The Hurricanes tacked on a run in the eighth when Archer plated Coffey, who had tripled one at bat earlier, with a ground out.
GSW starting pitcher Cameron Blinn did not factor into the decision. Blinn pitched the opening three innings, allowed four runs - two earned - on five hits, with two strikeouts and a walk. Hunter Thompson followed with an inning of relief before Matthew Suggs (4-0) picked up the win in two innings of action. Suggs allowed two hits and one run. Stephen Daneman tossed two scoreless innings and Gray Carden threw a scoreless ninth inning.
Thomas relief pitcher Skyler Sopotnick (2-3) took the loss after being tagged for five runs - four earned - in one inning. The Night Hawks used four pitchers in the ballgame.
Coffey finished 4-for-5 with two doubles, a triple, two RBIs, four runs scored lead GSW at the plate. Benson went 4-for-5 and scored twice. Gaylor, Duran, Archer and Poston had two hits apiece. Archer drove in four.
Mike Lane and John Cervantes collected two hits apiece to lead Thomas.
The Hurricanes return to action on Friday when they host 6th-ranked Francis Marion at 6 p.m. in Game 1 of a three-game weekend Peach Belt Conference series.


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Dig Deep Finish Well
Navigating the Peculiar
Landscape of Loss
A blog by Jhene Erwin
Watch The House I Keep for FREE on
PBS Online Film Festival
running now until Mar 22
Cast your vote for
the Audience Choice Award.
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"An intimate portrait forged in the crucible of a
common pain, brilliantly fired in the startling
language o
f true poetry."
- Pimone Triplett Director of Creative WritingUniversity of Washington
The House I Keep
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Ending a week of speculatin' and cap-crunchin' and hand-wringin' and what the fuck are you doing Dolanin', it seems the Knicks will pass on matching Houston's offer sheet for Jeremy Lin. Three years and $25 million (plus assorted luxury tax penalties) was too rich for the Knicks, despite a few options on the table to make it more palatable.
A fun postscript—after all the angry back and forth between the Daily News' Frank Isola and the Post's Marc Berman throughout this story, it was Times' new Nets beat writer Howard Beck with the hard info. Bet Isola's and Berman's papers have better back covers tomorrow, though.
[NY Times]


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The Met Office has issued a severe weather warning about ice right across Northern Ireland.
The warning is valid from 6pm on Thursday right through to 9am on Friday.
The yellow status warning was issued at 9.52am on Thursday.
Icy stretches will form on many untreated roads, pavements and cycle paths this evening, overnight and into Friday morning.
In addition wintry showers could give 1-3 cm of snow in places, mainly on higher ground above 150 metres.
"As the more persistent rain, sleet and snow clears on Thursday afternoon and evening, temperatures will fall quickly and untreated surfaces will freeze, with ice forming, especially in areas with snow cover," said the Met Office's Chief Forecaster.
"Further showers spreading from the west could cause salt wash-off and give further accumulations of snow in places."


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Gabriel Willow, expert leader of our popular Birding Tours of Bryant Park, suspects the sparrows are creating small shelters for warmth and protection from the wind. That theory would explain why they appear to be territorial over the holes, although Gabriel mentioned another reason they may be digging in the snow: for fun!
By the way, birding tours of the park will be offered again this year in the spring and fall. The spring tours will begin in April, and in a month or two you'll be able to find all the details at www.bryantpark.org.


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text: Hey, if Jessica Simpson can have a fragrance, why not Jessica Dunne? The Chicago artist, who had no experience in the beauty industry, spent about $100,000 of her own money to produce "Ellie," "a quaint floral heavy on lily of the valley" based on her memories of her grandmother. Her success story is the definition of "heartwarming," from her childhood perfume bottle collection to the family focus group to the hand-tied bits of grosgrain ribbon on the little faceted bottles. The buyer at Bendel's who took a chance on Dunne "had a hunch that her clients would respond to the brand story." They did: although the perfume retails for $180, it's sold well enough that Dunne is launching a second scent. Maybe the time is right for a celeb-fragrance backlash: amateur perfumers, wave of the future? We smell a business op... [NYT]


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They say in space no one can hear you scream. But in Darth Vader's E-3778Q-1 life support armor, it can be pretty difficult to hear much of anything. You'd think as elaborate as his suit is, it'd have some kind of hearing aid - or at least a volume control - but I guess not. No wonder he's so cranky throughout the original trilogy.
[Via Clip Nation]