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Martian Methane Mystery
|David Grinspoon, Principal Investigator for NASA's Exobiology Research Program and author "Venus Revealed" and "Lonely Planets"
"Lonely Planets: The Natural Philosophy of Alien Life," by David Grinspoon, is a humorous and balanced look at the history and science of astrobiology. Awarded the 2004 PEN Literary Award for Nonfiction, this book was described by Frank Drake as "Superb… Anyone, even a professional scientist, who wishes to become familiar with contemporary astrobiology should read this book. It's a prime place to become more than casually acquainted with one of the hottest, most interesting fields of science."
In this excerpt from the new Forward to the paperback edition, Grinspoon ponders what the recent discovery of methane on Mars could mean for the possibility for life on the Red Planet.
The European Space Agency's Mars Express, which arrived in Mars orbit on Christmas day, 2003, had caught a whiff of something in the air. Something that didn't belong there. Something that might indeed be a sign of life there today. The announcement received much less press attention than the Mars rovers which, after all, were taking cool pictures.
On board the orbiter, an "infrared spectrometer" – which precisely dissects the radiation leaking from the planet into a million distinct colors – had detected a most unexpected trace gas in the Martian air. Feeble signs of methane had been found on Mars. Methane is CH4, a carbon bonded to four hydrogens.
Chemically, it is out of place in an atmosphere like that of Mars, which is composed almost completely of carbon dioxide (CO2). Finding methane on Mars is like finding a gazelle strolling unnoticed through a pack of hungry lions.
|Chemical reactions triggered by ultraviolet (hv) in the thin martian atmosphere.
Credit: Sushil, UMich
To me this announcement was shocking, and seemed even more unreal than any of the strange postcards sent home by the rovers. Methane on Mars is the example I've always given of something that could change my mind about Mars today being a perfectly dead world. Why? Because as life evolves on a planet, the atmosphere evolves along with it. Chemically, the two become intimately coupled together.
On Earth, the oxygen we breathe, the protective ozone layer and, yes, the trace of methane in the air are all chemical byproducts of 4 billion years of biology. Life in turn has molded its chemistry to cleverly utilize the atmosphere pervading our world. It may be this way on all planets with life and air. If so, then a close study of a planet's air will always betray life or the lack of it.
More specifically, life is a process that consumes energy and produces gasses that are "out of equilibrium" with the rest of the atmosphere. These gasses don't last long because they react quickly with their surroundings. Methane does not belong in the atmosphere of Mars, just as oxygen doesn't belong in the atmosphere of Earth. Oxygen here is a product of green plants. What (or who) is producing the methane on Mars?
When I first heard about the methane observation, I was highly skeptical but at the same time I felt my pulse quicken. Could this really be the faint breath of underground colonies of Martians?
|Perspective view. Ophir Chasm in the northern Marineris Valley network.
Credit: ESA/Mars Express
We've been wrong about Mars many times. Mars is so like Earth in some respects, and so close at hand. Like an only friend in a large, empty universe, we sometimes project too much onto poor old Mars. We are hungry for signs of life, and this hunger is dangerous. In science the desire to find a certain answer can lead us astray. I describe a few of these wrong turns in chapter three of my book, such as the late 1950's "discovery" of chlorophyll – the green stuff in green plants – on the red planet. This sensational announcement (in Science magazine) was greeted unskeptically at the time because of the prevailing view that the seasonal color changes observed through telescopes were caused by vegetation. (We now know that they are caused by windblown dust.)
The chlorophyll was later discredited, its "fingerprint" shown to be caused by compounds of deuterium (heavy hydrogen) in our own atmosphere. Half a century earlier the scientific community had been briefly enthralled, and then greatly embarrassed, by Percival Lowell's claims of finding intelligently designed canals criss-crossing the map of Mars. The canals either conveniently disappeared just as our telescopes and cameras improved enough to truly see them, or (more likely) they were never there at all.
|Volcanoes are another source of methane, although the youngest active source would have to be a few million years ago, and methane without replenishment disappears in 300 years on Mars.
Credit:ESA/Mars Express
Given this history of false starts and retreats, we've learned not to lightly declare that the Martians have at last been found. Or have we? In the spring of 2004 the teams reporting on the methane detections all openly speculated on underground Martian life as a likely source. In part this is facilitated by an attitudinal pendulum within science which has again swung toward acceptance of the possibility of life on our neighboring planet.
The methane claim was quickly bolstered by several independent observations. In addition to the detection by Mars Express in orbit, it has now been seen by two different groups of ground-based observers using some of the best telescopes on Earth, in Hawaii and Chile. So, the methane, it seems, is there. But, does it really mean life on Mars?
Here, when you actually look at the numbers, the evidence is not immediately convincing, because the quantity of methane is so tiny. Seen in the infrared, methane has a distinct and strong signature. In an atmosphere of carbon dioxide it stands out like a bloodstain in a fresh snow bank. So, why haven't we found it before, since we've been scrutinizing Mars in the infrared for decades now?
The signal is, in fact, very weak, implying that the methane is extremely scarce. The data suggest something like 10 parts per billion (ppb) of methane in the Martian air, so for every one billion molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) there are, apparently, 10 molecules of methane (CH4). That's hardly a methane mother lode. Yet, there must be a source. And that is the part that sets our minds spinning.
|Frost dusts the red plains of southern Mars in early spring. Mars's mean annual temperature is -55 °C.
Credit: MSSS/JPL/ NASA.
On Earth the main sources of methane are biological ones. Methane doesn't last long in our air either, but bacteria living in rice paddies and in the guts of cows (for example) supply a constant trace. Could underground bacteria on Mars be the culprits here?
Given "Sagan's law" that "extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence," we are obliged to search for other, more mundane, explanations before we trumpet the news (once again) of finding life. How do we know whether we should accept, or rule out, an alternative explanation for something as potentially important as methane on Mars? Many times a "back of the envelope" calculation is sufficient – an exercise in which we plug in rough but reasonable estimates for the important quantities and see if the answer we get is in, or at least near, the ballpark.
For example, a friend e-mailed me, suggesting that maybe the tiny residue of methane is simply leaking from the small collection of derelict spacecraft we've left on the planet. Yet this can quickly be ruled out with the nearest envelope: given that the entire Martian atmosphere weighs about 2.5 x 1016 kilograms, or about 25 thousand trillion kilos, this means that 10 parts per billion methane, as small as that sounds, still adds up to about 90 million kilos of methane.
So, if we had 90,000 spacecraft on Mars (as opposed to about a dozen), each weighing 1000 kilos and each composed entirely of methane gas (not a recommended construction material), then this could work as an explanation. Envelopes are good for reductio ad absurdum arguments, which tell us where not to waste our time.
|Concretions, or blueberries at Meridiani
Image Credit: NASA
A more promising possibility is volcanic venting. On Earth volcanoes burp great quantities of methane into the atmosphere. However, Earth is a volcanically active planet at present and Mars, overall, is not.
My favorite candidate for a nonbiological source is the steady rain of meteors. Organic material falls from space all the time on Mars, as on all other planets. We don't know the precise rate at which this space gunk is entering Mars' atmosphere, but we can make some reasonable inferences based on the observed rate at Earth and apply what we know about orbits and the gravitational reach of Mars. When I put this all together on the back of a nearby envelope, I find that the amount of organic carbon landing on Mars each year is likely close to the needed supply rate for the observed methane.
Decaying organic matter is a classic source of methane – think swamp gas. My oversimplified calculation tells me that the infall of meteors, and the subsequent release of organic gas as they break down in the atmosphere, could provide the right trickle of methane. No bugs required.
|Weird shadow cast by Pot of Gold rock, Gusev, with randomly oriented tendrils
Image Credit: NASA
Is the methane falling from the sky? Maybe. Maybe not. With future space missions we'll eventually be able to measure the rate at which meteors supply Mars with organics. Much sooner than that we'll have better observations of the methane. Where, exactly, in the atmosphere does it reside? Is it concentrated near the surface (implying an underground source)? Is it coming from specific locations? The latter is the most important observation we can make in the near future.
If we find it venting from certain surface features, this destroys my "falling from the sky" idea, and gives us important clues to the conditions below ground which may be fostering the chemical activity – be it geological or biological – supplying the doomed molecules.
In my view, the methane is probably not a sign of life. (I'd sure love to be wrong about this.) For reasons I describe in my book, I don't expect that the signs of life on a planet with an atmosphere will be feeble or subtle. I believe that if life has survived on a planet for many billions of years (as it has on Earth, and must have on Mars for there to be life today) then it will have become deeply intertwined with the atmosphere of that world in a way that will make the atmospheres of living worlds distinct -flagrantly distinct – from those of nonliving worlds.
Note: This work is protected under copyright laws and downloading is strictly prohibited. The right to reproduce or transfer the work via any medium must be secured with HarperCollins Publishers.
Visit Lonely Planets, an Interview with David Grinspoon: Parts A: Introduction * 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * B: Encore
Related Web Pages
The Great Debate: Is Complex Life Common in the Universe?
Space Invaders
Cause for Optimism: Part III : The Drake Equation Revisited
Mighty Aphrodite
Venusian Cloud Colonies
Lonely Planets
David H. Grinspoon
Long, Strange Trips
PBS: Is Science Fiction Science? Michael Crichton, David Brin, Octavia


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SOFIA (Reuters) - Bulgarian lawmakers moved to reverse power-price hikes on Wednesday after weeks of mass street protests over austerity measures that toppled the government.
The decision could undermine the low debt and deficit strategy the government needs to maintain confidence in its currency peg to the euro, a strategy designed to boost the competitiveness of the European Union's poorest member.
Prime Minister Boiko Borisov, admitted to hospital with high blood pressure, quit on February 20 following two weeks of sometimes violent demonstrations by tens of thousands of protesters angry at rampant graft and low living standards.
"The situation is tragic. We need a radical change - people took to the streets due to total misery," said opposition leader Sergei Stanishev, whose Socialists (BSP) are running neck-and-neck in polls with Borisov's centre-right GERB.
Six years after joining the bloc, Bulgaria trails far behind other members. Its justice system is subject to special monitoring and it is excluded from the passport-free Schengen zone because of other members' concerns about corruption.
Many protesters are angry with Bulgaria's entire political class, causing more uncertainty over the outcome of early elections expected in May, and government concessions raise the risk of a widening deficit and market pressure.
The changes voted on by parliament allow regulators to change power prices more than the once a year currently allowed, and could pave the way for an eight percent cut from March.
That may not be enough to stop large demonstrations planned for the weekend.
Public anger after five years of recession exploded onto the streets of cities across Bulgaria after electricity distributors raised prices 13 percent. The price rise was implemented in July but began to bite when temperatures fell, especially for the many people who use electricity for heating.
Electricity usage gobbles up a large chunk of the average Bulgarian household's income, especially in winter when temperatures can regularly fall to -15 Celsius (5 F).
At 0.087 euros (1 cent) per kWh, the electricity price that is charged to household consumers in Bulgaria is the second lowest in Europe, and compares to 0.298 euros/kWh in Denmark.
But that means little to voters in a country where the average monthly wage is around 400 euros ($520) - less than half the EU average - and pensions are less than half that. Living standards are also less than half the EU average.
Public anger also has focused on the distribution companies in Bulgaria's privatized market, which is divided into three regions, controlled by Czech firm CEZ, fellow Czech firm Energo-Pro and Austria's EVN.
The power firms say they have done nothing wrong and that public anger over utility bills can only be eased by fully liberalizing the electricity market. It is not yet clear how cost cuts will hit revenues, as some supplies could be diverted from industrial consumers.
Although Borisov's government ruled out renationalizing them, he risked a diplomatic row with Prague and the European Union by threatening to withdraw CEZ's license due to what it says are breaches of its operating contract.
The outgoing premier had won plaudits from the markets by maintaining tight fiscal discipline, bringing the budget gap down to 0.5 percent of gross domestic product.
Growth is expected to hit just 1.4 percent this year and the loss of sales tax revenue from the power price cut will put the deficit under pressure - and Bulgaria's currency peg.
The imposed price cuts could also deter other foreign investors by sending a message about the risks of doing business in Bulgaria.
($1 = 0.7628 euros)
Editing by Jon Boyle and Michael Roddy

subset: commoncrawl


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Spa Resorts of the Pyrenees: skiing and winter wellness
Winter arrives and with it the perfect time for some skiing on the slopes of the Pyrenees, in northeastern Spain, a spectacular landscape of lofty peaks and deep valleys. However, after an enjoyable day's sport, how about relaxing in the warm waters of a nearby spa resort? It is a perfect combination.
Relaxing in the medicinal waters of fully equipped spa resorts up in the mountains is bound to be an attractive proposition. Here we suggest the Pyrenees, where you will also find a host of Nordic and Alpine ski resorts with first-rate facilities. Below are details of the closest slopes to each spa centre. Just choose your favourite destination.
If you choose Aragón…
Huesca (in the Region of Aragón) is an area in the Pyrenees ideal for rest, relaxation and entertainment. Here there are various spas, two of which are outstanding because they are located close to famous ski resorts. The first is the Baños de Benasque Spa Resort (in Benasque). It is located in the heart of the valley, surrounded by black pine and birch forest. Its facilities include a thermal pool, hydromassage, along with simple and Scottish water jets. Best of all, after enjoying the centre you can head for the Llanos del Hospital Nordic Ski Resort, also in Benasque, or for Cerler, just six kilometres away, with the highest peaks in this part of the range.
The second is the Panticosa Spa, alongside which is the excellent Panticosa Ski Resort, as well as Formigal, which is just 15 kilometres away and has more than 140 kilometres of pistes. Your stay at the spa will work wonders for you, not only because it is surrounded by peaks over 3,000 metres high, but also because its modern facilities include thermal baths, jacuzzi, massage shower, thermal pool, Vichy shower and Turkish bath.
Although these are the spa and ski resorts that are closest together, there are other major skiing destinations in Huesca, such as Candanchú, Candanchú (cross country) and Astún, as well as another spa resort on the edge of the Pyrenees which is not to be missed: Vilas del Turbón.
If you choose Catalonia…
East of Aragón, the Pyrenees continue in the province of Lleida, in Catalonia. Here you will find two more wonderful spa resorts. The first is Sant Vicenç (in Els Banys de Sant Viçens). You will love it, not only because it is 20 kilometres from the Lles Ski Resort, but also because here you can forget about stress and dedicate time to beauty with its treatments of paraffin and mud.
The second spa resort we would recommend in Lleida is Caldes de Boí (in Barruera), eight kilometres from the Boí Taüll Alpine Ski Resort. Staying at any of the hotels in this complex is a real delight. It is located in the heart of the Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici National Park and besides its beauty centre there is also a thermal centre with jacuzzi-spa, natural rock heaters, mud treatments, underwater massages, jet showers (circular and bio-thermal), recovery pool and relaxation room.
Don't forget that throughout Lleida you will find quality ski resorts in addition to those mentioned above, such as Espot Esquí, Tavascán, Port-Ainé and Baqueria Beret .
Tailor-made promotions
The proximity of these spa and ski resorts mean that some of them, like Caldes de Boí, offer packages combining several days' stay at the thermal resort (with its respective hotels) and ski pass. For this you should visit the official websites of each spa resort to find the offer that suits you best. One thing is for sure – contrasting sensations are guaranteed. On your journey, not only will you experience all the benefits of the spa resorts and the stunning beauty of their settings, but you will also be able to do a full range of winter sports, from skiing through to snow bike excursions or trips in dog sledges. The best way to enjoy the winter.
If you found this article interesting, get more information at: The Spanish Pyrenees Mountains, a huge skiable area The Pyrenees - adventure territory Spain, the best place to learn to ski
EASTERN PYRENEES in ARAN VALLEY – OCCITANIA
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Puente Viesgo
The Ribera del Duero healthier.
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Burgo de Osma-Ciudad de Osma


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Playing their first home game outside of Houston due to the unavailability of Robertson Stadium, the Dynamo produced two goals to win their first ever international series. The Dynamo elected to play in all-white uniforms at Texas A&M University, leaving Puntarenas to wear the orange of A&M's hated rival, the University of Texas. Paul Dalglish netted a rebound in the 27th minute to tie the series, and Brian Ching came on as a sub to set up the second goal with a header off the post, Kelly Gray converting the winning tally in the 74th minute. It was the first MLS victory against a Costa Rican team in CONCACAF play since 2000.
Puntarenas vs. Houston Dynamo
March 01, 2007 -- Aggie Soccer Stadium, College Station TX
CONCACAF Champions' Cup -- Quarterfinals, Game 2
Scoring Summary:
HOU -- Paul Dalglish 1 (unassisted) 26
HOU -- Kelly Gray 1 (unassisted) 74
Puntarenas -- Shane Orio, Roberto Wong, Mario Víquez, Rafael Nuñez (Greivin Portuguez 88), Eduardo Gómez, Max Sánchez, Jose Garro (Vicente Rocella 82), Jose Macotelo (Alvaro Guerrero 78), Kurt Bernard, Jorge Barboza, Mario Camacho.
Substitutes Not Used: unavailable.
Houston Dynamo -- Zach Wells, Kelly Gray, Ryan Cochrane, Craig Waibel, Wade Barrett, Brian Mullan, Ricardo Clark, Dwayne De Rosario (Kevin Goldthwaite 73), Brad Davis, Alejandro Moreno (Brian Ching 71), Paul Dalglish (Chris Wondolowski 85).
Substitutes Not Used: unavailable.
Misconduct Summary:
HOU -- Dwayne De Rosario (caution) 18
PUN -- Mario Camacho (caution) 26
HOU -- Brian Mullan (caution) 77
HOU -- Paul Dalglish (caution) 82
HOU -- Chris Wondolowski (caution) 89
PUN -- Vicente Rocella (caution) 90
Referee: Benito Archundia (MEX)
Referee's Assistants: Chris Strickland (USA); Fabio Tovar (USA)
4th Official: Jair Marrufo (USA)
Attendance: 4,286
All statistics contained in this boxscore are unofficial


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Raparigos is a Galician traditional group with a history on its back of more than 40 years and winners of many competitions.
As usual in traditional galician groups they perform in quartet and quintet formation (mostly).
These are composed of two or three pipes, a drum and a big drum, with a fairly good balance between melodie and percusion volumes.
RAPARIGOS also play a wooden flute tuned in G, used in many parts of Galicia during the former two centuries.
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Below you will find our 2300mm (height), left hand opening, CLEAR Weld Screen Hinge Panels Used in Machine Guarding applications. Small hinges (shown below) allow the panel to be setup to in various configurations. These powder coated panels are also used for Perimeter, and Robot Guarding applications.
Our Hinge Panels are available in widths of 300mm to 2300mm.


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Gout is a build up of uric acid crystals. These crystals tend to accumulate in the joints causing pain and swelling. It is the most common type of inflammatory arthritis in men. Most treatment focuses on lifestyle changes such as a low-purine diet and lots of fluids. In severe cases, medicine may be given to reduce uric acid levels in the body. Some past studies have indicated that higher vitamin C intake may help reduce uric acid levels. The recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C is 75 mg-90 mg per day.
Researchers from Vancouver General Hospital, designed a study to examine the benefits of a high vitamin C diet for preventing gout. The study, published in the Archives of Internal Medicine , found that higher dietary vitamin C was associated with a lower risk of gout.
About the Study
The study was designed as a prospective cohort study . The researchers did not manipulate any factors but simply observed and recorded data. The study began with 46,994 men with no history of gout. Over a 20-year period, the men were asked to fill out a survey indicating the presence of gout and intake of vitamin C every four years. At the end of the study period 1,317 men had developed gout.
Compared to men that consumed less than 250 mg per day of vitamin C, the risk of gout was:
- 17% lower for men with a daily vitamin C intake of 500-999 mg
- 34% lower for men with a daily vitamin C intake of 1,000-1,499 mg
- 45% lower for men with a daily vitamin C intake of greater than or equal to 1,500 mg
How Does This Affect You?
Vitamin C appears to be beneficial in decreasing the risk of gout. Fortunately, vitamin C is pretty well tolerated, even at doses well above the recommended dietary allowance. The upper limits studied here still fell below the maximum daily recommended intake of 2,000 mg/day.
If your risk for gout is low, a diet rich in vitamin C (eg, high in fresh fruits and vegetables ) should be sufficient. However, if your risk for gout is high, particularly if you've ever had an attack of gouty arthritis in the past, this study suggests that you may wish to consider supplementing your diet with 500–1,000 mg/day of vitamin C. If you're unsure, consult your doctor.
- Reviewer: Richard Glickman-Simon, MD
- Review Date: 04/2009 -


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"I don't know if I will ever play on the Tour again. But I do know this: I am so proud to have been a professional golfer for 30 years. I am proud of my five Tour wins and to have represented my country in the 1989 Ryder Cup. That will never be taken away from me."
−Ken Green
JUST WHEN PGA TOUR and Champions Tour player Ken Green was getting his life back in order, a right-front tire on his RV blew out on a Mississippi interstate highway. Green and passengers went down an embankment and struck a large oak tree, killing everyone except Green − his brother, his girl friend and his dog, a German Shepard that Green once rescued from an alligator attack in Florida.
And now due to seemingly irreparable damage, Green will also lose his right leg below the knee. He is set to have surgery on Monday at University of Mississippi Medical Center. In all likelihood it will end Green's playing career.
However, Peter Kostis said on Sunday's CBS golf telecast that one of the reasons Green elected to have the leg amputated was because it offers the best chance for Green to return to competitive golf.
"If it's not going to work, then take it off so I can play," Green told a
close friend, according to GolfDigest.com's Local Knowledge.
I hope Ken Green can still play golf. He already has lost way too much.
−The Armchair Golfer
FREE Drawing for ARE YOU KIDDING ME?
Enter the free drawing at above right (or ARMCHAIR GOLF BLOG) for a hardcover edition of ARE YOU KIDDING ME? The Story of Rocco Mediate's Extraordinary Battle with Tiger Woods at the U.S. Open. The book is by Rocco Mediate and bestselling author John Feinstein.
Sunday, June 14
Ken Green: 'Take It Off So I Can Play'
3 comments:
Good post. I was never a Ken Green fan, especially those ugly green shoes he used to wear. But I think he's a fine human being and really didn't deserve everything that's being thrown his way right now. All the best to him...
- Hack said...
This is really sad. He seems like a resilient guy, but still you have to wonder how much one man can take over time.
- The Armchair Golfer said...
Thanks, guys. Yes, terribly sad. Just awful. Let's send good thoughts and prayers Green's way.
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NH's "fugitive of the week" arrested during routine traffic stop
DOVER, N.H. (AP) — A 33-year-old man listed as the U.S. Marshals Service's "fugitive of the week" in New Hampshire is behind bars following his arrest during a routine traffic stop.
Doni Thompson was arrested Friday in Dover by state police.
The U.S. Marshals Service says Thompson was being sought for a parole violation following his conviction for first-degree assault.
He is also facing charges in Kittery, Maine, where police have obtained warrants charging him with aggravated assault and kidnapping stemming from an incident on Thursday.


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HE Harris
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Harris Coin Folders
Harris coin folders can be great educational tools for novice coin collectors and for experienced coin collectors who are teaching their craft. Although Harris has recently merged with Whitman coin supplies, the quality and craftsmanship behind the Harris brand lives on.


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-Courtesy, IvyLeagueSports.com
PRINCETON, N.J. -- The Ivy League office
announced today that the 2010 Ivy League Men's and Women's Golf
Championships will be played April 23-25 at the world-renowned Baltusrol Golf Club in
Springfield, N.J.
The announcement means that both championship events will be played at the same location for a second consecutive year.
"We are thrilled to take our golf championships to such an outstanding and scenic course as Baltusrol's. The extensive history of hosting high-caliber tournaments will create a wonderful championship experience for our institutions," said Ivy League Executive Director Robin Harris.
This is not the first time the Ivy League will find a champion on the Baltusrol links. In 1904, the U.S. Amateur Championship was contested at the legendary Old Course and Harvard's captain, Chandler Egan, took home the title. Egan was also a member of Harvard's National Intercollegiate Championship teams during three title campaigns (1902-04). Although preceding the development of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association (which would become the National Collegiate Athletic Association in 1910), the titles are now recognized as NCAA championships.
Egan also won a team gold medal and an individual silver medal in the 1904 St. Louis Olympics, which is the last time it was contested at the Games. Golf will return to the London Olympics in 2012.
Additionally, in the midst of a nine-year stranglehold on the National Intercollegiate Championship (1905-13), Yale University won the 1911 championship at Baltusrol's Old Course. George Stanley, who defeated University of Pennsylvania's Harry Heyburn in the final round of the individual championship by a margin of 5-up with 4 to play, led the Bulldogs. In an All-Ivy Final Four in 1911, Stanley and Heyburn emerged from the semifinals with wins over Princeton's Albert Seckel and Yale's Robert A. Gardner.
Baltusrol Golf Club, synonymous with championship golf, sits at the base of Baltusrol Mountain in northern New Jersey, only a stone's throw from New York City. With a rich heritage that dates back to 1895, Baltusrol is considered one of the country's premier private golf clubs. Its two championship courses, the Lower and Upper, have played distinguished roles on the national golf stage since their creation by Golden Age architect A.W. Tillinghast. Together, the courses have hosted 16 national championships, including seven U.S. Opens, two U.S. Women's Opens and one PGA Championship. The PGA Championship will return to Baltusrol for the second time in 2016.
With its long history of championship golf, Baltusrol is one of a select number of clubs that can claim virtually all of the greatest players in the game have walked its fairways, from Harry Vardon and Bobby Jones to Arnold Palmer and Jack Nicklaus to Tiger Woods and Phil Mickelson. In fact, Baltusrol's hallowed grounds have been the scene of some of the most historic moments in championship golf, including Jack Nicklaus' head-to-head duel with Arnold Palmer in the 1967 U.S. Open, Nicklaus' record-setting victory over Isao Aoki in the 1980 U.S. Open, the 18-hole showdown between Lee Janzen and Payne Stewart in the 1993 U.S. Open and the emergence of Phil Mickelson as a repeat major champion in winning Baltusrol's first PGA Championship in 2005.
The Ivy League is the broadest-based conference in the NCAA, sponsoring Division I championship competition in 33 men's and women's sports. The Ivy League includes Brown, Columbia, Harvard, Princeton, Cornell and Yale Universities, the University of Pennsylvania, and Dartmouth College.


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|Picture from (and linked to) motorcyclenews.com
This is both a good thing and a bad thing.
It's a good thing when where you are looking is a happy place.
It is a bad thing when what you are fixated on is a disaster waiting to happen.
Gather information, note the problem but then look elsewhere, around it, beyond it – if you want to steer around it. Keep staring at it and you'll hit it and end up on your butt. They call it target fixation.
Keep your eyes on the positive. Focus on the beyond – that's how individuals and organisations get to where they want to be - rather than in A&E.
We all know companies that got that wrong. Perhaps we are at risk of entire economies going the same way?


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COLORADO SPRINGS (AP) In a little more than a week, Doherty High School students transformed pounds of lumpy clay into physical reminders of genocide.
Eventually, the more than 2,000 bones made by students will be part of a massive nationwide project called One Million Bones intended to increase global awareness of the victims and survivors of genocide.
People need to wake up, said 16-year-old Hailey Buer, a Doherty junior. It makes your heart break.
She said the project has been interesting because the bones represent real people.
One Million Bones grew out of a 50,000-bone art installation in Albuquerque. The larger project is aimed at sharing the experience with people across the country.
Colorado students will contribute about 7,000 pieces. Bones will be displayed temporarily in state capitols before they are taken to Washington, D.C., for the main installation in the National Mall next summer.
Its a good project to help people see whats going on, said 17-year-old Ethan Silva, a Doherty senior.
Students learned the history of genocide, as well as what is happening around the world in countries including Sudan, Somalia, Burma and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Dohertys nearly 2,000 students attended an assembly and watched videos of young people who have been victimized by genocide talking about their experiences.
Making bones is a small part of a very big idea, said 15-year-old Anna Pope, Doherty sophomore.
Art teachers Sarah Stevens and Cassidy Jones led the Doherty project after many art teachers around the state were asked to participate. Students started making the bones in October and wrapped up production in November.
They brought friends to participate and taught others how to make the bones. In all, more than 800 students pitched in. Some were enrolled in art classes, but most came from other classes and brought friends, Stevens said.
It made it real to them, said Doherty Assistant Principal Kim Southard. In this hectic world we can get a little complacent.
The bones project offered opportunities for interdisciplinary work, Southard said. For example, students in an English class worked on bones, then used the experience for writing assignments.
Stevens said the project shows students how art can be political or social, and used as a tool to promote change.
Its political, but not partisan, Southard said.
Doherty students plan a somber ceremony in mid-November to set up all the bones made at the school before the bones are sent east for the larger display.
When they lay it out, it symbolizes a mass grave, Stevens said.
The project made a lasting impression on those involved, including adults. Students said they want to do more, and said it was inspirational to work on a project that could encourage people to take action to stop genocide around the world.


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- Category: Renewables
- Energy type: Hydro
- Project type: Asset
Nant power station is built underground and fed by Loch Nant, which had its level raised and its surface area trippled by the building of Nant dam, a system of aqueducts which collect water from nearby streams.
As it discharges into Loch Awe the Nant storage effectively serves Inverawe power station in addition to Nant.
- Part of the Sloy Awe scheme
- Located near Kilchrenan, Argyll and Bute
- 15MW capacity
More information
Power from the Glens
Scottish Hydro Electric, then known as the North of Scotland Hydro Electric Board and now part of SSE, was established by an Act of Parliament in 1943.
It was to be responsible for generating, transmitting, distributing and supplying electricity throughout the north of Scotland, including the Highlands and Islands. This covers about 25% of the total land area of Britain but just 3% of the population. The region contains Britain's highest mountains and largest inland lochs which, combined with high rainfall, make hydro electricity viable.
Hydro electricity is produced using the power of running water to turn the turbines of generating sets in power stations. The technology dates back to the late 19th Century when the first privately owned hydro electric power stations were built to power the aluminium smelting industry and to provide local electricity supplies. But it took the vision of one man, Tom Johnston, the Secretary of State for Scotland in Churchill's wartime coalition government, to bring power from the glens for the benefit of all. At the time, it was estimated that just one farm in six, and one croft in a hundred, had electricity. Today, virtually every home in Scotland has mains electricity.
Today, hydro electricity, together with wind farms and emerging technologies such as wave and tidal power, is helping the country meet its commitment to provide increasing amounts of energy from renewable sources. A major refurbishment programme of Scottish Hydro Electric's hydro stations has ensured these wonderful assets can produce clean electricity for the nation for decades to come.
This booklet is dedicated to the memory of the 'Hydro Boys' whose legacy is the largest source of renewable energy in the country.


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It's pathetic how much joy I got from this caramel corn today. I know- joy from food- I need therapy- yada, yada, yada. But y'all. It is that good. Ellen said I could share the recipe so that others may find joy in it's buttery, sugary, sticky goodness. AND it uses the popcorn without hulls so you don't have to contend with kernels. Double score.
Homemade Caramel Corn
7 quarts puff corn (the hull-less popcorn that's butter flavored)
2 cups brown sugar
1/2 cup light corn syrup
1 teaspoon salt
1 cup butter
1/2 tsp baking soda
1 tsp. vanilla
1. Line two large baking pans with parchment paper. If you don't have parchment paper, just grease the pans really well. Divide the puff corn between the two pans.
2. Preheat oven to 250 degrees.
3. In a medium saucepan combine sugar, corn syrup and butter. bring to a boil over med heat. stirring to blend. let mixture boil for 5 min stirring constantly
4. Remove from heat and add vanilla, salt and baking soda - the mixture will be light and foamy. pour over the corn and stir to coat.
5. Bake for an hour stirring every 15 minutes to redistribute the caramel.
6. Line your counter top with waxed paper and dump the corn onto the waxed paper to cool. When it has cooled break it into pieces to separate. Store in an airtight container.
7. Try hard not to be a glutton and eat all of this at once. It is so good you will have to really try.
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Hutchison Port Holdings
Hutchison Port Holdings
Hutchison Port Holdings, a subsidiary of Hong Kong-based investment company Hutchison Whampoa Limited, is a major port investor, developer and operator.
Founded in 1994, the company has terminal operations in countries around the world, including Asia, Africa, Australia, the Caribbean, Europe, the Middle East, Central America, North America and South America, including Hongkong International Terminals, Lazaro Cardenas Terminal Portuaria de Contenedores in Mexico, Panama Ports Co., and an array of Europe Container Terminals operations. In 2012, HPH's port network handled a combined throughput of 76.8 million 20-foot-equivalent units.
HPH also has expanded internationally into other areas, including cargo security (Loadstar), logistics (including Hutchison Logistics in Hong Kong), airport operations and ship repair.


text: Service experience pushes Amber Karsian to raise the bar for patient care Amber Karsian had years on the job as a nurse, but when a service learning trip to Ethiopia placed her in a hospital without blood pressure cuffs, medicine and other tools essential to her work, she didn't know what to do – at first. But being there when they've stripped all that away was a good reminder that there's tons of stuff that we can do, even if we don't have the equipment to do it," she said. The 2009 trip, taken while Karsian was studying for her master's degree in Regis' Family Nurse Practitioner program, helped her refocus on the many ways she can care for patients. It also lit a fire under Karsian in her effort to institute a vascular access team at Denver Health Medical Center where she works. The specialty team, available 24 hours a day, is made up of nurses with expertise in placing IVs. The goals were simple: Decrease injuries from too many needle sticks and increase patient satisfaction. "For a long time we were told we didn't have it because we didn't have the resources," Karsian said as the strength of her passion for patient care brought tears to her eyes. "We couldn't afford to have an IV team and my point was we couldn't afford not to have an IV team because people are getting hurt." It took three years of research, planning, budgeting and educating decision makers, but Karsian secured funding to start the program in 2012. As a result, she recently was awarded the Denver Health Advanced Practice Nurse of the Year award and was nominated for a Florence Nightingale award. She's grateful for the life-changing service learning opportunity and more generally for her Regis experience that bolstered her abilities as a change agent. "I learned a lot about living an intentional life … and the importance of kindness, listening and collaborating, and how far you can get with your goals when that is your method of working with people," she said. Explore how Regis can give you the tools to make an impact.


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The platypus sports fur like a mammal, paddles its duck feet like a bird and lays eggs in the manner of a reptile.
Nature's instruction manual for this oddball, it turns out, is just as much of a mishmash.
Researchers have just mapped the genome of a female platypus from Australia. The genetic sequence of this Aussie monotreme (a type of mammal) is detailed in Thursday's issue of the journal Nature.
"The platypus is a very ancient offshoot of the mammal tree, so it was 166 million years ago that we last shared a common ancestor with platypuses," said study team member Jenny Graves, head of the Comparative Genomics Group at the Australian National University. "And that puts them somewhere between mammals and reptiles, because they still maintain quite a lot of reptilian characteristics that we've lost; for instance, they still lay eggs."
She added, "So we can use them to trace the changes that have occurred as we went from being a reptile, to having fur to making milk to having live-born young."
To sort out the evolutionary relationships among platypuses and other animals, the team compared the genome of a female platypus nicknamed Glennie with those of humans, mice, dogs, opossums and chickens. (Chickens were included to represent egg-laying animals, such as extinct reptiles, that passed on much of their DNA to the platypus and other mammals in the course of evolution.)
At roughly 2.2 billion base pairs, the platypus genome is about two-thirds the size of the human genome, the researchers found. It shares more than 80 percent of its genes with other mammals.
Like humans, platypuses carry an X and a Y chromosome. But unlike humans, the X and Y are not sex chromosomes. "That means we can go right back to the time when our sex chromosomes were just ordinary chromosomes minding their own business and ask, well, what happened? What made them into sex chromosomes?" Graves said.
The researchers revealed the animal has 52 chromosomes, including 10 sex chromosomes.
The genome also included sections of DNA linked to egg-laying and others for lactation. Since the platypus lacks nipples, the pups suckle milk from the mother's abdominal skin.
Another oddity: When paddling through the water, a platypus keeps its eyes, ears and nostrils closed, and its duck-bill serves as an antenna, sensing the faint electric fields surrounding prey. Even so, the platypus genome reveals the animal held onto genes for odor-detection.
The study, which included more than 100 scientists from across the globe, was funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute.
© 2012 LiveScience.com. All rights reserved.


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|News Home
Archival Information
Large Meissen Porcelain Animals on Rare Loan From Germany
A Royal Menagerie: Porcelain Animals from Dresden
Opens May 1, 2001 at the Getty Museum
April 5, 2001
Los Angeles--Beginning on May 1, the Getty Museum presents A Royal Menagerie: Porcelain Animals from Dresden, a collection of 14 extraordinary porcelain animals created in the 18th century for Augustus the Strong (1670-1733). Rarely has such a large group of these nearly life-size sculptures, on loan from the Zwinger in Dresden, traveled outside Germany. The exhibition continues into 2002 and is the result of a partnership between the Getty Trust and the State Art Collections of Dresden, Germany.
The porcelain animals, created between 1730 and 1735 at the Saxon royal porcelain manufactory in Meissen, near Dresden, were commissioned by Friedrich August I, Elector of Saxony, known as Augustus the Strong. By turns whimsical and graceful, the dramatically expressive sculptures of birds and exotic wildlife were designed by two artists with remarkably distinct artistic personalities and working methods, Johann Gottlieb Kirchner and Johann Joachim Kaendler.
The commission for these sculptures was highly important for the young Meissen porcelain manufactory, founded in 1710. The unusual size of the figures, some exceeding four feet in height, presented great difficulties in making and firing the porcelain, and their successful execution was itself extraordinary. Now entirely white, the sculptures were originally meant to be painted in their natural colors, but doing so proved technically impossible.
"Heroic is perhaps the best word to sum up the entire effort of creating these porcelain creatures," says Gillian Wilson, longtime curator of decorative arts at the Getty Museum. "From design to manufacture, their successful completion was a tour de force, making it arguably the most significant commission of porcelain executed at that time in Europe. This loan from the Zwinger offers the rare opportunity to exhibit outside Germany a significant and representative group from this very important commission, attesting to the artistic achievement and technical virtuosity of the craftsmen at the Meissen porcelain manufactory."
Other examples of Meissen porcelain are part of the Getty's decorative arts collection and can be seen in the Great Hall of the Museum's South Pavilion. These include vases, a winepot, and a figure of a Japanese man feeding a parrot, all from the 18th century. Comprehensive information on the Getty's Meissen porcelain is available online at www.getty.edu/art/collections.
A 48-page catalogue, A Royal Menagerie: Meissen Porcelain Animals, accompanies the Getty exhibition. Featuring 30 color and 17 black-and-white illustrations, the catalogue is published by the J. Paul Getty Museum and written by Samuel Wittwer, curator of the ceramics collections at the Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation and of the archives of the Royal Porcelain Manufactory, Berlin. The catalogue ($14.95, published in softcover only) is available in the Museum bookstore at the Getty Center, online at www.getty.edu/bookstore, or by calling Getty Trust Publications at 800-223-3431.
Augustus the Strong and the Influence of Louis XIV
Born in 1670, Augustus the Strong succeeded his brother on the Saxon throne in 1694 and won the crown of Poland three years later. He ruled simultaneously as Elector Friedrich August I of Saxony and King August II of Poland. As was typical for young princes of the day, he toured Europe for two years following his 17th birthday to observe the culture and traditions of other royal courts. The influence of the months he spent in Paris in 1687 at the court of Louis XIV is evident in the artistic and architectural programs introduced in Dresden during his reign. The construction of a network of small palaces and gardens in and around Dresden for use during state visits, court ceremonies, and hunting, for example, follows the French model and demonstrates the ambitions of the Saxon ruler.
Augustus created some of the most ambitious interiors for porcelain planned anywhere in Europe in the famous Japanese Palace in Dresden, a building perhaps influenced by Louis XIV's Trianon de Porcelaine. The commission of the life-size porcelain menagerie for the long gallery on the upper floor of the Japanese Palace came near the end of Augustus' life but was clearly influenced by his visit to Versailles years earlier, where the elaborate gardens included a menagerie and a maze arrayed with bronze animal figures inspired by Aesop's Fables.
Technical Challenges for Meissen
The Meissen porcelain manufactory had been operating for only 20 years when Augustus commissioned the series of birds and animals, to be rendered "in their natural sizes and colors." Because the formula for hard-paste porcelain was still new in Europe (following decades of German experimentation begun in the 1670s), production of porcelain models of this size had never before been attempted outside of China. Devising a suitable porcelain recipe and learning how to construct, glaze, and fire the various pieces created significant challenges.
The 14 different animals featured in the Getty exhibition include a graceful, long-necked heron catching a fish in its beak; a proud lion and lioness, which, as the "king" and "queen" of beasts, held a particularly special place for royalty; a gamebird known as a great bustard, which was ultimately hunted to extinction in Europe; a peacock, one of the tallest sculptures in the group; a fox with its prey; and a monkey with its young. The monkey, wearing a belt around its waist to indicate that it is tamed, reaches one hand down to its offspring and the other up to its forehead in an expression that suggests, perhaps even mockingly, that of an overwhelmed parent.
The animals were conceived in reclining or seated positions, and every model required a system of internal supports and subtly conceived external props--such as a hen in the mouth of the fox and a stump by the peacock's legs--to keep them from collapsing in the kiln during firing. Those that emerged intact exhibited firing cracks and discolorations to the glaze, making a final firing with enamel colors impossible.
The court artist Christian Reinow (1685-1749) painted some of the figures to effect their natural coloring, but the results were disastrous. Most of this overpainting has flaked away or was purposefully removed in the 1800s. Essentially beyond the capabilities of the manufactory, the commission for the large figures was abandoned about 1738, when the factory turned its attention to the production of tablewares and the smaller figure groups for which the factory remains best known today.
Contrasting Approaches of Kirchner and Kaendler
Despite his short four-year career at the Meissen porcelain manufactory, Johann Gottlieb Kirchner (born 1706) was the first sculptor to head its modeling studio. In the studio, the clay models that are preliminary to porcelain sculpture were produced. Kirchner was joined in 1731 by the sculptor Johann Joachim Kaendler (1706-1775), who was hired to assist with the commission. With Kirchner's departure in 1733, Kaendler became Modellmeister (head of the studio).
Though both men were born in 1706 and trained at about the same time in Dresden, they embraced different attitudes and traditions, as shown by the 14 animal figures that comprise the exhibition A Royal Menagerie: Porcelain Animals from Dresden. Direct observation of live animals and birds in the royal menageries and the study of stuffed specimens in the natural history collection imbued Kaendler's figures and groups with a naturalism and spontaneity missing from the more conventional Kirchner models. Although Kirchner also traveled to observe the king's live menagerie in 1732, he remained loyal to a more monumental vision rooted in classical tradition and two-dimensional models, designing from prints and drawings.
Related Offerings
Visitors to the Getty during the run of A Royal Menagerie: Porcelain Animals from Dresden will be able to view two paintings also on loan as part of the Dresden partnership. The paintings, from the collection of Dresden's Gemäldegalerie Neue Meister, are by the German Romantic artists Ernst Ferdinand Oehme and Carl Gustav Caru. These haunting landscapes join the Getty's own German Romantic masterpiece by Caspar David Friedrich, A Walk at Dusk, and will be on view in the West Pavilion through January 2002. Children visiting the Museum can play "Getty Art Detective," using a special card set, available free in the Family Room, to identify works of art in the permanent collection that feature images of animals (including birds, leopards, a winged ram, and a lobster). The Getty Web site also features a special section on animal depictions in art, under "Natural World" at www.getty.edu/art/collections.
# # #
About the Getty:
The J. Paul Getty Trust is an international cultural and philanthropic institution devoted to the visual arts that features the Getty Conservation Institute, the Getty Foundation, the J. Paul Getty Museum, and the Getty Research Institute. The J. Paul Getty Trust and Getty programs serve a varied audience from two locations: the Getty Center in Los Angeles and the Getty Villa in Malibu.
Sign up for e-Getty at www.getty.edu/subscribe to receive free monthly highlights of events at the Getty Center and the Getty Villa via e-mail, or visit our event calendar for a complete calendar of public programs.
The J. Paul Getty Museum collects in seven distinct areas, including Greek and Roman antiquities, European paintings, drawings, manuscripts, sculpture, and decorative arts, and European and American photographs. The Museum's mission is to make the collection meaningful and attractive to a broad audience by presenting and interpreting the works of art through educational programs, special exhibitions, publications, conservation, and research.


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2019 Kia Sedona Financing in Rockford, IL
2019 Kia Sedona pictured above with available options.
Considering the amount of time the typical family spends on the road, an underperforming vehicle can definitely put a damper on your daily routine. That's why we at Rock River Kia are proud to recommend the 2019 Kia Sedona, a minivan with powerful performance and the very latest in safety technology. Say goodbye to that nagging insecurity on the road and hello to a world of confidence at the wheel!
How Does Financing a 2019 Kia Sedona Work?
Before discussing the benefits that will give you piece of mind in the Sedona, let's discuss a payment plan that will have you at ease when it comes to your budget. Financing is an excellent way to manage the cost of your new car, because the full price is split up into monthly payments. Your installment amount will depend on a few factors, including how much money you choose to put down at signing as well as your credit score, which will impact the interest rate of the loan that will back your agreement. If this is starting to sound a bit overwhelming, don't worry! We have an expert Finance Department that will lead you through every step. However, you're also welcome to get a head start by completing our Finance Application, located under the Finance tab of our website.
Nothing is more important than your family's safety, and Kia has proven its commitment to this philosophy with the extensive safety features that protect the 2019 Sedona. You'll be surrounded by a high-strength exterior, bolstered by a steel unibody chassis that incorporates Side-Impact Door Beams1 and Front and Rear Crumple Zones1 for 360 degrees of protection. Tasked with ensuring those measures won't be necessary are systems like Electronic Stability Control1 with Traction Control1, which intelligently manages your throttle and brakes to keep you in command in situations where you're in danger of straying from your intended path. A standard feature that always comes in handy is the Rear Camera Display2, giving you a look at the area behind you when you shift into reverse and making negotiating the parking lot at Southgate Shopping Center much easier!
We've saved the fun part for last — who says a minivan can't be a blast to drive? The Kia Sedona's standard 3.3L V6 engine ensures that it is, giving you 276 horsepower and 248 lb.-ft. of torque to play with around town and out on the highway. Just as impressive is the electronically controlled 8-speed automatic overdrive transmission with Sportmatic®, which orchestrates all that power with smooth, effortless shifts and astounding acceleration that will send chills up your spine. Rounding out this high-performance package is the suspension system, which consists of a MacPherson strut, gas shock absorber, and stabilizer in front and independent multi-link support with coil springs and struts in back.
Our 2019 Kia Sedona financing in Rockford, IL, is an offer that will excite both your driving experience and your wallet! Learn more in person when you visit Rock River Kia at 226 North Alpine Road in Rockford, IL, today.
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|150 amps
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Stability and Traction
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Audio System
|voice operated, touch screen display, AM/FM
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In Car Entertainment
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|rear center with cupholders, rear outboard seats
|Floor material
|Door sill trim
|scuff plate
|Driver seat power adjustments
|height, 8, lumbar, reclining
|Third row headrests
|3, adjustable
|Passenger seat
|Driver seat
|Rear headrests
|3, adjustable
|Passenger seat manual adjustments
|4, reclining
|Front headrests
|2, adjustable
|Third row seat type
|40-60 split bench
|Front seat type
|Rear seat type
|40-20-40 split bench, folding removable center seat
|Third row seat folding
|fold flat into floor, split
|Rear seat folding
|folds up
|Rear seat
|Seatbelt pretensioners
|Emergency locking retractors
|rear, front
|Seatbelt warning sensor
|Third row seatbelts
|Rear seatbelts
|Front seatbelts
|Steering ratio
|Turns lock-to-lock
Drive Type
|Drive Type
|Standard Seating
|Max Seating
|Head Room (front)
|39.8 in
|Head Room (rear)
|39.4 in
|Hip Room (front)
|59.3 in
|Hip Room (rear)
|66.1 in
|Shoulder Room (front)
|63.9 in
|Shoulder Room (rear)
|63.1 in
|Leg Room (front)
|40.9 in
|Leg Room (rear)
|41.1 in
|Seating Rows
|Head Room (third row)
|38.9 in
|Hip Room (third row)
|50 in
|Shoulder Room (third row)
|59.4 in
|Leg Room (third row)
|34.8 in
Measurements of Size & Shape
|201.4 in
|89.3 in
|Width (without mirrors)
|78.1 in
|69.1 in
|120.5 in
|Ground Clearance
|6.7 in
|Angle of Approach
|15.8 degrees
|Angle of Departure
|19.9 degrees
|Track Width (front)
|68.5 in
|Track Width (rear)
|68.8 in
Measurements of Weight
|Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
|6085 lbs
|Gross Vehicle Weight Range
|6001-7000 lbs
|Curb Weight
|4503 lbs
|Max Towing Capacity
|3500 lbs
Truck Specifications
|Max Payload
|1582 lbs
Interior Dimensions
|Cargo Volume
|33.9 cu ft
|Interior Volume
|142 cu ft
|Passenger Volume
|108.1 cu ft
|Cargo Volume (rear seats down)
|78.4 cu ft
|Cargo Volume (third row down)
|62.1 cu ft
Performance Specifications
|Turning Circle
|37.7 ft
Fuel Tanks
|Fuel Capacity
|21.1 Gallons
Wheels and Tires
|Front Tire Type
|Front Wheel Diameter
|18.0 x 7.0 in
|Rear Tire Type
|Rear Wheel Diameter
|18.0 x 7.0 in
1 Packages Available
Crash-Test Ratings
2019 Kia Sedona VAN FWD
|Front Crash Overall
|Front Crash Driver
|Front Crash Passenger
|Side Crash Overall
|Side Barrier Overall
|Side Barrier Driver
|Side Barrier Passenger
|Side Pole Driver
|Side Combined Front
|Side Combined Rear
Starting at $33,300.00
Please see our incentives page for available current offers
Green Score
EPA Green Score
( California LEV-III ULEV70
EPA and California-required standards. The names refer to tables of numerical limits for the various air pollutants allowed by the standards.
|Fuel Type
Air Pollution Score ?
The Air Pollution Score is based on the government emission standards for which the vehicle was certified to comply with and reflects vehicle tailpipe emissions that contribute to local and regional air pollution, creating problems such as haze, and health issues.
Greenhouse Gas Score ?
This score reflects fuel emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases.
Smartway ?
SmartWay is a designation earned by those vehicles that have combined Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Scores that place them in the top tier (approximately the top 20%) of environmental performers. SmartWay Elite is reserved for the best of the best.
EPA Green Score
( Federal Tier 3 Bin 70
EPA and California-required standards. The names refer to tables of numerical limits for the various air pollutants allowed by the standards.
|Fuel Type
Air Pollution Score ?
The Air Pollution Score is based on the government emission standards for which the vehicle was certified to comply with and reflects vehicle tailpipe emissions that contribute to local and regional air pollution, creating problems such as haze, and health issues.
Greenhouse Gas Score ?
This score reflects fuel emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases.
Smartway ?
SmartWay is a designation earned by those vehicles that have combined Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Scores that place them in the top tier (approximately the top 20%) of environmental performers. SmartWay Elite is reserved for the best of the best.
Special Offers
*On Approved Credit
Customers eligible for the Kia Motors America, Inc. ("KMA") Military Specialty Incentive Program must be an active member of, honorably discharged from, retired from, or on disability with the United States Armed Forces or Reserves (includes those that have "national" status from another country and are serving in the United States military) or the spouse of the eligible participant. Eligible customers or his or her spouse must provide a copy of one of the following to a Kia dealer at the time of purchase: a current Earning Statement, a copy of the honorable discharge papers, a bank statement indicating a pension or disability earnings from the United States Armed Forces, or an official document indicating future pension eligibility. Military ID is not a sufficient form of proof of eligibility. If eligible customer is a spouse of participant, proof must be provided of the spousal status by providing proof of marriage (marriage certificate).Applies to new vehicles purchased or leased between 1/3/2020 - 3/2/2020. Customer is only eligible for a total of two (2) Specialty Incentives during a calendar year. This offer may be combined in addition to certain other incentives offered by KMA. See dealer for details. Not all incentive programs are compatible. This incentive is a limited time offer on eligible Kia vehicles. No cash value. Additional terms and conditions apply. See your participating dealer for more details. All matters of program eligibility and qualification will be resolved by KMA in its sole discretion, and KMA reserves the right to change product and program specifications at any time without incurring obligations. Offer eligible for All new 2020 vehicles and 2019 Forte, Optima(excluding Hybrid and PHEV), Cadenza, K900, Stinger, Sorento, Niro (including EV and PHEV), and Sedona vehicles.
* While we check with car manufacturers and other sources to confirm the accuracy and completeness of the data contained in this chart, we make no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the data in this report. Although we make every attempt to keep this chart up to date, all incentive information is subject to change without notice.
"Justin went above and beyond in solving problems and..."
" Justin went above and beyond in solving problems and getting repairs done for me. He has the patience of Job and was so very understanding. "
"Good deal on our certified pre-owned Forte."
" Johnny, Maurice, and Doug were great to deal with and really helpful. The people at Rock River Kia were easy to deal with. We were really close to what we were looking to spend on a new vehicle. Thanks. "
" 2020 Kia Sportage this is my 4th. Kia love the car and the sales people are fantastic. They know the cars and they know what they are doing. Go in relax and they will do th rest. "
"Mitch found us the perfect car for our daughter. Got it..."
" Mitch found us the perfect car for our daughter. Got it cleaned up, had a bit of maintenance that they aided with. RRF/Kia was on point for now our 3rd vehicle Purchased through them! Thank you all!! "
" Best car buying experience ever! Joseph (Thanks You) was our salesman and was upfront, honest and beyond helpful. The entire staff was exceptional and I could not.fond a single thing to other than Thanks a million! "
" I was faced with the circumstances of having to show up unannounced and ask to fit me, knowing I'd have to wait. The staff was so friendly through it all and I don't feel like I was there that long really. My first visit (not my car's) and first impression was great! "
"Polite and professional!"
" I purchased my first car from Rock River Ford a few weeks ago, and had a wonderful car buying experience. Everyone who I interacted with through the entire process was extremely polite and professional. I felt welcomed right away, and never felt pressured or forced to make any decisions during the process. I highly recommend this dealer if you're looking for a smooth buying experience! "
" All of the employees that I encountered and worked with had great personalities and were very personable to work with. They were all so helpful and made my buying experience so smooth! Highly recommend! "
" Went along with a family member buying their first car and it was a great experience. Dealing with them was no hassle and no surprises. The service dept is organized and well run. They are very customer conscious here. "
" Service department is great to work with! "
"Bernie Krowczyk put together a great deal for our..."
" Bernie Krowczyk put together a great deal for our daughter who lives 500 miles away. We drove the new car to her and brought her trade in back. We love Bernie. Gregg Decman, Lance Armstrong and Mike Schoenberg helped along the way. "
"We are so grateful for Bernie's expertise in finding the..."
" We are so grateful for Bernie's expertise in finding the perfect vehicle for our daughter that was a great deal within her budget. She loves it and we keep coming back to buy our cars from Bernie. He's the best. "
"Bernie is Amazing"
" He was so patient with me and was very helpful. I wanted to buy from him but they did not have the SUV I wanted. He made the whole experience painless. He never made me feel pressured. I felt like part of the family. If you are looking to buy from Anderson Rock River Block this is the guy! "
"Bernie and the team are always helpful, friendly, and..."
" Bernie and the team are always helpful, friendly, and knowledgeable. They make the car buying experience fun, easy, and so convenient. So happy with my new 2019 Ford Escape! "
"Easiest Vehicle Purchase Ever"
" Bernie made this the easiest and most personable car buying experience I've had in many years of auto purchases. He asked what I was looking for in a vehicle and what my budget was and we went from there, showing me options in makes and models then finding the one that was right. He was polite, courteous and offered none of the usual BS I've come to expect from dealerships. Mike in finance sealed the deal in no time again, making sure I was comfortable with all aspects of the deal, Truly a pleasure dealing with them both! Nice to walk out of a dealer knowing I was treated fairly and with respect. "
" Bernie and Lance Armstrong are 2 of the best Employees that Anderson ford could ever ask for there GREAT So is Gregg for finance department "
"Exceptional dealership for buying a new vehicle. "
" Friendly staff and top notch dealership for buying a vehicle. Bernie Krowczyk (salesman) is the best. Jim Ballard (manager) and Jason Brown (general manager) are awesome. Gregg Decman (finance) is exceptional for putting together all the financial aspects of the deal. Thanks to all of you for another pleasant buying experience. Jack and Raye Stone, Rockford "
" The service guys were as friendly and efficient as ever! "
" Brought my car in for service and was greeted promptly, I was notified my vehicle had recalls and they performed those as well. I was updated periodically on the time frame. They were extremely efficient, waiting room and bathrooms clean, and very friendly. Thank you "
"Our 2019 Mustang GT"
" Bernie Krowczyk sold us our third Mustang. He is very knowledgeable and listens to what car we would like to have. He picked us up and took us to the dealership and back home again. He goes out of his way to make sure we are satisfied with our purchase. Mike Schoenberg did a fantastic job of explaining our financing on the Mustang. He was able to get us a low interest rate. "
"Easy to work with"
" Mitch was very good to work with, knew his cars but was not overbearing like so many car salesmen. Purchased a Fusion S with no pressure to upgrade to an SE or SEL. "
"Great customer service and prices!"
" Bernie is always so friendly and helpful! what's whatever questions I had, he would find the answer. Matthew deering and service is awesome as well as all the service staff. "
"Experience purchasing our new Ford Edge ST."
" It's hard to purchase a new vehicle. You wonder if this is the right thing to do and if you an afford it. The entire ordeal is stressful. However, all these doubts and frustrations were removed by the our current purchase from Bernie Krowczyk. His humor reduces the stress and his knowledge of the Ford product is unmatched. Gregg Decman was our finance man. He was excellent also. He conducted our deal with respect and courtesy. He explained our process step by step. Even though this is not our first purchase he took the time as we went through every detail and answered every question. Thank you. John and Mary Lynde "
"Reliable and respectful"
" Mitch was an excellent person to work with. He is very respectful and keeps his word. This was the best experience by far we have had when buying a car. Normally we dread going into a dealership to buy a car. Not anymore. We will always come back to Mitch. On a scale of 1-10 to rate him, we give him a 20! You will never find a better sales person than Mitch. He is bar far the best in Rockford! "
"Professional, fun atmosphere."
" Great people, great service and lots of laughing. Even though my credit didn't work out. I never once felt like I was judge. He tried all options and it just wasn't the time yet, but you better believe I will be there again. the lad bad attitude of hey I just want to help you and enjoy doing it. Was excellent. I recommend them to everyone! "
"The best experience I've ever had buying a new car!"
" Mitch Edler was fantastic...I felt comfortable with him right from the start. I felt NO pressure and he was very friendly and positive. He did a great job of explaining the "bells and whistles " ...more than once! He was sooo patient. His knowledge level was superb...he obviously knows these autos. I would highly recommend him to anyone! "
"Fastest car buying experience ever! "
" This was my second time purchasing a vehicle through Mitch at Anderson Rock River Block and it was so easy and painless. We went into the dealership (with our 2 little ones) and he helped us order our vehicle. He let us know all of what to expect. We were out of the dealership within an hour. As soon as the vehicle arrived, I received a text from Mitch letting me know it had arrived. He had all the paperwork ready as soon as we arrived to pick it up. We had to fill out some other information and we were out the door again within an hour! Mitch has kept in touch making sure that everything is going well and has asked multiple times if we have any questions on our new vehicle. We will continue to purchase our vehicles with Mitch at Anderson Rock River Block. "
"Fantastic, personalized customer service"
" We have been shopping around for a new Ford F150. We specifically came to the Rock River Block to see Mitch. He was able to get EXACTLY what we didn't know we were looking. We came looking for the bare minimum of trucks. He showed us a stunning show model, more than we thought we were in the market for. Mitch worked his magic and got us into the truck of my husband's dreams. We will be looking to trade in another car in the next year or so and guess who we will be visiting: Yep Mitch! "
" Professional, honest, no games, clear detailed itemized pricing of the car and all fees associated with the purchase. Mitch Edler is a wonderful salesperson. Todd Berg is a wonderful manager. They made the process quick and easy. Mitch gave a detailed tutorial on the car. He answered all our questions and he made it clear that he would be available to us, in the future, if we had any other issues. In a few simple words... SIMPLY AMAZING. I would highly recommend both Mitch , Todd, and the dealership. F.Y.I. I contacted MANY dealerships in my car buying quest. Out of 9 dealerships I found a total of 2 who were willing to be honest and upfront on the costs. Rock River gave me the best service and price. If you're wondering.... I'm not a personal friend or family member of either person. I'm just a customer looking for the best price and service. Go with Mitch Edler, in sales, you wont be disappointed. "
"Fantastic Customer Service!"
" There is a BIG difference between dealership services offered in Chicago vs. a non-city dealership. I have dual heating/AC, and one side of the car is stuck on heat, the other on AC. However, the car is still hot. The first time this happened, I told the dealership where I bought the car about my Narcolepsy and intolerance for heat which will make me sleepy behind the wheel and can they PLEASE squeeze me in? The best they offered me was an appointment 7+ days away. Fortunately, it fixed itself prior to the appointment date. Fast forward a year or so later, I'm in Rockford, it happens again, told them the same thing and that I can't drive back to the city in a hot car, what did they do? Squeeze me in and they are just as busy!! Go figure. Not to mention, offered me a car (repeatedly) while I wait for repairs, which isn't offered at my dealership. Never again will I purchase a car in the city. It is consistently my experience that you always get the hood version of customer service. "
Current Inventory
There are currently no 2019 Kia Sedona EX 4dr Mini-Van for Sale in inventory
1. For maximum protection, always wear your seat belt. No system, no matter how advanced, can compensate for all driver error and/or driving conditions. Always drive safely.
2. The Rear-Camera Display is not a substitute for proper and safe backing-up procedures. Always drive safely and use caution when backing up. The Rear-Camera Display may not display every object behind the vehicle.


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Wednesday, 29 February 2012
By Terry Terrybly Mascara
For such high claims, you'll not be surprised that its accompanied by a high price tag of £31.
The colour I have is Moka Brown. Its a very dark cool brown, its a very deep colour and the pigment is really rich.
My results with this are rather good. It defines the lashes without clumping, lashes do not feel overly crunchy/brittle and it lengthens and lifts whilst giving a bit of thickness.
Perhaps most impressive is that I do think my lashes seem a bit longer. Its not a dramatic growth but its tangible enough for me to notice.
Overall, I really like the performance of this mascara and I do think there is something to be said about its growth booster technology.
If I ignore the growth booster aspect of this mascara and judge it as a normal mascara, whilst it doesn't quite knock Hourglass Film Noir off the number one spot for me, its definitely a close second.
My mother bought me this from SpaceNK
10 comments:
This does look rather good, I think your lashes look great in the pic as well.ReplyDelete
When I asked the SA in Space NK what their best mascaras were this was one of them.
I am in mascara blah-dom at the moment but until I use up some of my existing ones I'm being good.
Wow, I have so many posts to catch up on! How do you find this mascara with regard to smudging? Any mascaras that give me good volume end up a smudgy mess under my eyes 20 minutes later, even when not used on the lower lashes. YSL Faux Cils gives the perfect lashes, but with smudges. I've resorted to OK drug store mascaras just because they don't smudge. Would you recommend the Hourglass one? xReplyDeleteReplies
Hi Lipstick Luvvie,Delete
I don't get it smudging on me, I probably should have mentioned that in the review. I found YSL easily went too clumpy on me and was too dry looking if you know what I mean.
I do really like the Hourglass one, its not as volumising as the By Terry but it gives more lift and the lashes are more individually defined x
nice review of mascara!!!! coole post!! please come n visit mine and thankyou http://deasparklingtea.blogspot.com/ReplyDelete
It looks nice, I rather like the idea of a dark brown colour too. I winced a bit at the price and I don't think I could bring myself to do it! I know that the growth boosting properties are a factor though. Thanks for the review :)ReplyDelete
I also like the idea of a cool dark brown mascara for day. The only one I know of is by Lancome. I agree your lashes look great!ReplyDelete
Terrybly, though? lol


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Centerbrook Architects and Planners are celerating the success of a newly completed Biomass Heating Facility at the Hotchkiss School in Lakeville, CT. The eco-friendly energy source has already saved the school $350,000 in comparison to using fuel oil with lower emissions for this sustainability-focused institution. The building also is designed to double as an ancillary classroom, exposing its sustainable materials and operations to students and visitors. It is slated for LEED Silver.
The exterior design embodies seemingly contradictory missions: creating an arresting presence to beckon visitors, while simultaneously not upstaging the building's pristine environs at the periphery of an independent school's campus. Sited at the bottom of a sloping landscape, between woods and wetlands on one side and a golf course on the other, the building presents a low and undulating profile.
The 16,500 sq ft structure is capped by a vegetated roof that is the color of surrounding flora, helping it harmonize further with the landscape - almost disappearing from some vantage points. It houses gritty infrastructure: a biomass facility that burns sustainably-harvested woodchips to heat the Hotchkiss School with its more than 600 residents and 85 buildings that total 1.2 million sq ft.
Designated a carbon neutral fuel by the International Panel on Climate Change, the locally sourced wood chips are the byproduct of sustainably managed forests; they replace some 150,000 gallons of imported fuel oil per year, cutting emissions overall, most dramatically sulfur dioxide by more than 90%. Waste ash is collected for use as fertilizer for vegetable gardens tended by the students. The biomass facility is an integral part of the school's commitment to becoming a carbon-neutral campus by 2020.
Centerbrook Architects, led by Partner Jefferson. B. Riley, FAIA, determined with the client that infrastructure need not be dreary, inside or out. This furnace dwelling was designed to do double duty as a living classroom. It exposes ecologically friendly technologies and sustainable construction materials to touring students and community groups. Along the mezzanine walkway, which overlooks and circumnavigates the boiler room, an informal exhibit displays explanatory charts and maps, while a series of interactive computer consoles track performance metrics.
The building's trusses are glue-laminated timber, which optimises the structural values of this renewable resource. Glulam has less embodied energy than reinforced concrete or steel and can be used for much longer spans, heavier loads, and complex shapes. Outside, visitors can follow a nature path that affords views of the green roof, which absorbs and filters rainwater runoff; they also can observe a rain garden, bioswales, and nearby wetlands.


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Don't hassle yourself with driving through the San Fernando Valley traffic, the headaches of looking for parking or wasting time with scheduling between your appointments or lunch to execute your notarization.
My priority as a mobile notary is to simplify the entire process to a single phone call and a scheduled appointment that doesn't conflict with your busy schedule. After that, go about your business until my scheduled arrival and enjoy knowing the fact that your notary need was just a simple phone call away.
Walk-In Notary Services (By appointments only)
We charge $15.00 per notarized signature at our office located at 16133 Ventura Blvd., Penthouse, Encino CA 91436. Please contact Steven at 818.578.5973 for an appointment. Our office is located on the top floor of the City National Bank building. It is a paid parking building; unfortunately, we do not validate in order to keep our costs low for you.
Mobile Notary Services (Traveling Notary Services)
We travel to your home, businesses or even your local café to execute the notarization. We charge a flat travel fee, please contact us for pricing. (Please note that there is an additional charge for weekends, holidays and non-business hours.)
Fast Service 24 Hours a Day
Need documents notarized today? Our notary services are available 24 hours a day.
Document Signing Services
The following is a quick list of notarizations that I perform (but not limited to):
• Loan Documents (all types)
• Powers of Attorney
• Affidavits
• Authorizations
• Living Wills
• Trust Deeds
• Immigration Documents
• Escrow Documents
• Oaths & Affirmations
• Insurance documents
• Consent letters
• Contracts
• Financial Agreements/Promissory notes
Call Steven Bautista Today:


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OGC Web Services, Phase 4
View the ResultsFor a detailed summary of the results of OWS-4, please download the OWS-4 Testbed Summary Document (07-037r4). To view a video or to click through an interactive demonstration of OWS-4 results please visit the OWS-4 Demonstration page .
OverviewThe OGC Web Services, Phase 4 (OWS-4) Testbed was an initiative of OGC's Interoperability Program to collaboratively extend and demonstrate OGC's baseline for geospatial interoperability. The main development of OWS-4 was conducted from June to December 2006 with the following outcomes:
- 59 Components were implemented and deployed in interoperability testing. Components were developed in 7 threads:
- Sensor Web Enablement (SWE)
- Geo Processing Workflow (GPW)
- Geo-Decision Support (GeoDSS)
- Geo-Digital Rights Management (GeoDRM)
- OGC Location Services (OpenLS)
- Compliance Testing (CITE)
- Each of these threads of activity extended or refined a portion of the OGC Standards Baseline. OWS-4 Participants conducted Technology Integration Experiments (TIEs) of the components, where each TIE involved components developed independently by at least two organizations.
- 36 Interoperability Program Reports (IPRs) were written. The OWS-4 IPRs were either technical specifications or reports regarding testing and analysis. The OWS-4 IPRs have been posted to the OGC Specification Program Pending Documents list for consideration by OGC members in the consensus process. Most of these will result in documents that will be posted for public review (see OGC Requests) prior to the formal adoption of some of them as OGC standards.
- 2 Major Demonstrations and several other demonstrations were performed. Demonstrations of the integrated capabilities of the OWS-4 components were performed using real-world scenarios. The demonstrations and a video recap of the OWS-4 results have been released as multi-media products on DVD media and via the Web. The on-line OWS-4 demonstration video can be seen at http://www.opengeospatial.org/pub/www/ows4/index.html. For copies of the DVD, contact Sam Bacharach, Executive Director Outreach Program, OGC, Phone: +1 703-707-0261 sbacharach [at] opengeospatial.org
- 11 Sponsoring organizations who responded to a January 2006 Call for Sponsors defined the requirements for OWS-4.
- 72 Organizations who responded to an April 2006 Request for Quotations (RFQ) and Call for Participation (CFP) participated in some aspect of OWS-4. Roles for organizations in OWS-4 included sponsors, participants and architects. Additionally there were many organizations that were observers of the initiative.
Future Work
The 2007 follow-on activity to OWS-4 is OWS-5.
About the OGC Interoperability Program
The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) conducts the Interoperability Program (IP) as a global, hands-on and collaborative prototyping program for rapid development of proven candidate specifications for consideration for consensus adoption and public release by the OGC Specification Program. In OGC's interoperability initiatives, international technology developers and providers team together to solve specific geo-processing interoperability problems posed by the initiative's sponsoring organizations. OGC IP initiatives include test beds, pilot projects, interoperability experiments, and interoperability support services - all designed to encourage rapid development, testing, validation and adoption of open, consensus-based standards specifications.


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I wing meals so often that I cant even blog about it. For example, the noodles that I am posting today are so simple that I cant even really take a ton of pictures. But it is so much better than any box variety you can buy and is so easy you probably shouldnt tell your family. It'll be our secret.
Quick Parmesan Noodles
Noodles (I used 1/2 pound)
Pasta water
1 cup of fresh grated Parmesan
2 TB Butter
1 TB chopped Sage
start cooking your noodles. I am using whatever I have in my cupboard. While the pasta is boiling away, carefully scoop about 1 cup of the boiling pasta water. Then drain noodles and I just toss them back into my hot pan with 2 TB butter which melted immediately and then dump the cheese on the hot noodles and add some of the pasta water until you get a cheesy consistency that is perfect. No milk needed