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This site is the archived OWASP Foundation Wiki and is no longer accepting Account Requests.
To view the new OWASP Foundation website, please visit https://owasp.org
Testing for Input Validation
OWASP Testing Guide v3 Table of Contents
This article is part of the OWASP Testing Guide v3. The entire OWASP Testing Guide v3 can be downloaded here.
OWASP at the moment is working at the OWASP Testing Guide v4: you can browse the Guide here
4.8 Data Validation Testing
The most common web application security weakness is the failure to properly validate input coming from the client or environment before using it. This weakness leads to almost all of the major vulnerabilities in web applications, such as cross site scripting, SQL injection, interpreter injection, locale/Unicode attacks, file system attacks, and buffer overflows.
Data from an external entity or client should never be trusted, since it can be arbitrarily tampered with by an attacker. "All Input is Evil", says Michael Howard in his famous book "Writing Secure Code". That is rule number one. Unfortunately, complex applications often have a large number of entry points, which makes it difficult for a developer to enforce this rule.
In this chapter, we describe Data Validation testing. This is the task of testing all the possible forms of input to understand if the application sufficiently validates input data before using it.
We split data validation testing into the following categories:
Testing for Cross site scripting
In Cross Site Scripting (XSS) testing, we test if it is possible to manipulate the input parameters of the application so that it generates malicious output. We find an XSS vulnerability when the application does not validate our input and creates an output that is under our control. This vulnerability leads to various attacks, for example, stealing confidential information (such as session cookies) or taking control of the victim's browser. An XSS attack breaks the following pattern: Input -> Output == cross-site scripting
In this guide, the following types of XSS testing are discussed in details:
4.8.1 Testing for Reflected Cross Site Scripting (OWASP-DV-001)
4.8.2 Testing for Stored Cross Site Scripting(OWASP-DV-002)
4.8.3 Testing for DOM based Cross Site Scripting(OWASP-DV-003)
4.8.4 Testing for Cross Site Flashing(OWASP-DV-004)
4.8.5 SQL Injection (OWASP-DV-005)
In SQL injection testing, we test if it is possible to inject data into the application so that it executes a user-controlled SQL query in the back-end DB. We find a SQL injection vulnerability if the application uses user input to create SQL queries without proper input validation. A successful exploitation of this class of vulnerability allows an unauthorized user to access or manipulate data in the database. Note that application data often represents the core asset of a company. A SQL Injection attack breaks the following pattern: Input -> Query SQL == SQL injection
SQL Injection testing is further broken down into:
220.127.116.11 Oracle Testing
184.108.40.206 MySQL Testing
18.104.22.168 SQL Server Testing
220.127.116.11 MS Access Testing
18.104.22.168 Testing PostgreSQL
4.8.6 LDAP Injection (OWASP-DV-006)
LDAP injection testing is similar to SQL Injection testing. The differences are that we use the LDAP protocol instead of SQL and that the target is an LDAP Server instead of a SQL Server. An LDAP Injection attack breaks the following pattern:
Input -> Query LDAP == LDAP injection
4.8.7 ORM Injection (OWASP-DV-007)
ORM injection testing is similar to SQL Injection Testing, as well. In this case, we use a SQL Injection against an ORM-generated data access object model. From the tester's point of view, this attack is virtually identical to a SQL Injection attack. However, the injection vulnerability exists in the code generated by an ORM tool.
4.8.8 XML Injection (OWASP-DV-008)
In XML injection testing, we test if it possible to inject a particular XML document into the application. We find an XML injection vulnerability if the XML parser fails to make appropriate data validation.
An XML Injection attack breaks the following pattern:
Input -> XML doc == XML injection
4.8.9 SSI Injection (OWASP-DV-009)
Web servers usually give developers the ability to add small pieces of dynamic code inside static HTML pages, without having to deal with full-fledged server-side or client-side languages. This feature is incarnated by Server-Side Includes (SSI) Injection. In SSI injection testing, we test if it is possible to inject into the application data that will be interpreted by SSI mechanisms. A successful exploitation of this vulnerability allows an attacker to inject code into HTML pages or even perform remote code execution.
4.8.10 XPath Injection (OWASP-DV-010)
XPath is a language that has been designed and developed primarily to address parts of an XML document. In XPath injection testing, we test if it is possible to inject data into an application so that it executes user-controlled XPath queries. When successfully exploited, this vulnerability may allow an attacker to bypass authentication mechanisms or access information without proper authorization.
4.8.11 IMAP/SMTP Injection (OWASP-DV-011)
This threat affects all the applications that communicate with mail servers (IMAP/SMTP), generally webmail applications. In IMAP/SMTP injection testing, we test if it possible to inject arbitrary IMAP/SMTP commands into the mail servers, due to input data not properly sanitized.
An IMAP/SMTP Injection attack breaks the following pattern:
Input -> IMAP/SMTP command == IMAP/SMTP Injection
4.8.12 Code Injection (OWASP-DV-012)
In code injection testing, we check if it is possible to inject into an application data that will be later executed by the web server.
A Code Injection attack breaks the following pattern:
Input -> malicious Code == Code Injection
4.8.13 OS Commanding (OWASP-DV-013)
In command injection testing, we will try to inject an OS command through an HTTP request into the application.
An OS Command Injection attack breaks the following pattern:
Input -> OS Command == OS Command Injection
4.8.14 Buffer overflow (OWASP-DV-014)
In these tests, we check for different types of buffer overflow vulnerabilities. Here are the testing methods for the common types of buffer overflow vulnerabilities:
184.108.40.206 Heap overflow
18.104.22.168 Stack overflow
126.96.36.199 Format string
In general Buffer overflow breaks the following pattern:
Input -> Fixed buffer or format string == overflow
4.8.15 Incubated vulnerability (OWASP-DV-015)
Incubated testing is a complex testing that needs more than one data validation vulnerability to work.
4.8.16 Testing for HTTP Splitting/Smuggling (OWASP-DV-016)
Describes how to test for an HTTP Exploit, as HTTP Verb, HTTP Splitting, HTTP Smuggling.
In every pattern shown, the data should be validated by the application before it's trusted and processed. The goal of our testing is to verify if the application actually performs validation and does not trust its input.


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Recently, I have started an M&M3 pick-up game to cover the times when only a few people in my gaming group are available to play. The general concept is that on December 21, 2012 aliens returned to Earth. I have been writing an intro for the players in first person. My intention is to have the aliens have strong technology and mental powers. I need help coming up with some basic alien minions of the scout and thug varieties as well as sidekick level aliens of the manipulator and illusionist variety and finally some boss type aliens whose power level would rival the players.
Here is the first draft of the intro.
April 15, 2015
Tax Day today. Well, it would have been. The world I grew up in changed vastly in the two and a half years since The Return. It was cruelly clever really. We should have known it was coming. All the signs were there, left for us through antiquity by civilizations that lasted for centuries, in some cases millennia. Their methods were down right traceable in retrospect. Beings of "divine power and wisdom" would infect an entire culture to alter their beliefs with what we would come to identify as religion.
Don't doubt. Don't examine. Have faith. Believe. Follow these teachings. Don't question. Across continents, among wildly different cultures, throughout recorded time, the message was the same. But, our ancestors were not completely fooled and never fully cowed. They were devious and left clues in the art and architecture of their time. Stonehenge, the Great Pyramids, the Nazca Lines, the Mayan Calendar, Chinese pottery, sculptures from around the world. Still, it probably would have worked again if it weren't for The Accident back in 2011.
"This just in. There has been an explosion at Carnegie Mellon campus. Sources say that "the Research Building" as it is locally known has been nearly destroyed in a catastrophic accident. First Responders are at the site. Police, Firefighters, and Paramedics on the scene have virtually shut down the grounds. Our own Field Correspondent has been unable to gain any official comment or even a clean view of the wreckage. Wreckage that earlier today was a place of higher learning focused primarily on graduate level studies. Our Eye in the Sky chopper is en route to capture what is sure to be riveting and compelling imagery."
Accident. Heh! I believed that too for a while.
The stories that followed were quite frankly unbelievable. A woman who could fly and heal the most devastating injuries, cure diseases and even neutralize poison with a touch. A man who could warp, shape, and move metal with a gesture. A former collegiate football player who could walk through gun fire, keep pace with a police cruiser, and turn a city bus on its side with the shove from one arm. A gods-damned full-on Terminator 2 looking man made of titanium was captured by the National Guard and held by the US Department of Defense for questioning for months. That "man" reportedly walked out of a maximum security military prison while being shot and hit with rocket propelled grenades. He punched his way methodically through reinforced concrete walls and just kept walking while soldiers tried to stop him.
Ha! Ha! There were reports of cold fusion experiments yielding actually measurable results so massive that every governmental super power caught readings of it from satellites in orbit. That was my favorite. It got so outrageous that Stan Lee was present on TV nearly every day being interviewed for his opinion on seemingly comic book level phenomenon. These "supers" were mostly acting like you would expect comic book heroes and villains to act. Fanboys from around the world flocked in droves to like storm chasers trying to witness their childhood fantasies come to life. They listened to media reports and rushed to areas of "incidents" to catch a glimpse or hear a word from these people.
I didn't really believe any of it. I passed it off as a grand Hollywood hoax that would bolster movie revenues for a while and possibly garner lawsuits and criminal charges from pissed off consumers and law-makers. That is until I died…and got better.
While eating a plate of cheese fries at the "O" on Forbes Ave just about the time the local fraternity parties let out, a kid on a skateboard shattered the front windows and rode his board along the wall destroying the décor. He body was horizontal to the floor and riding along the wall like it was a gods-damned skate park blithely ignoring Sir Isaac Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation. The cracks of gunfire sounded from outside and bullets thunked into the walls in the kids wake. Into the restaurant charged a group of paramilitary shock-troop types with robotic dogs. The skater kid and these men and their robo-mutts threw down in a full on battle for the ages. It was quite a sight to see, until I got caught in the crossfire. Bullets riddled my body starting at my right knee, shattering the cap, and tracking its way up my leg across my hips, breaking those, and perforating my torso. The last things I felt were an incredible pain in my chest and a viciously hard knock to the head. Then everything went black.
Consciousness returned with the faint sounds of electronic beeps, the astringent smell of commercial grade cleansers, and Harry Connick Jr. crooning away through poor-quality speakers. There was some sort of white film blocking my vision. I pushed it away and heard the most heart-stopping, blood-curdling scream. Panicked, I jumped up…off a metal table…in a medical examiners lab...and heard the clang-ping of small metal objects hitting a hard linoleum floor. Something restricted my left big toe. A dirty blonde woman in a lab coat cowered and cried behind another metal table that held a body in a rather gruesome state of disassembly. Her reaction was understandable in retrospect. I wore a toe tag with my name on it and the letters D.O.A.
They found me after that, the group of researchers who caused The Accident. PhD candidates all of them. Gave their big recruitment speeches, flashed their newly earned wealth, offered fame and fortune, even anonymity and opportunity to make a difference if that was what I wanted. It was all so condescending. They didn't know me. They only cared what happened to me out of a feeling of guilt. You see, I was a janitor in the building that blew up.
I liked to fancy myself as a poorer man's Good Will Hunting. I enjoyed reading the papers these people wrote. I understood some of them, got bored or confused with others, and learned that for all of their vaunted knowledge and genius, almost none of them could write worth a damn. I guess I also fancied myself a modern-day blue-collar Jack Kerouac. Instead of joining their little club, that kept getting itself in trouble, I said screw it and went walk-about like Crocodile Dundee.
Looking back on things now, I wish I had stayed. Maybe my cynicism and grass-roots perspective would have helped in the times to come. During The Return, I was fly-fishing in Saskatchewan. I thought all the lights in the sky in late December 2012 were simply a facet of aurora borealis. I didn't even know what had happened until Easter of 2013. It was fitting to me to find out on that particular day, the Resurrection Day, a holy day in the Christian faith. Jesus Christ…I can identify with him, another kid like me who just couldn't seem to die. Although the miracles associated with him were "divine". Turns out mine were simply genetic evolution forced upon me by a man with a cultural memory so long that could sight-read the friggin' Mayan Calendar. That's a tale already chronicled earlier in my journal though.
When they arrived, The Returned made a spectacle of it with light displays and harmonics reminiscent of angels descending from the heavens. They chose locations where they once were worshipped, places like the Yucatan Penninsula, Egypt, Greece, and India. They seemed to speak in tongues, when in actuality they spoke directly to the minds of men. From media coverage in Greece, India, and Egypt, The Returned must have expected a different welcome than they received. Military attack choppers, ground forces with assault rifles, tanks, armored personnel carriers, battleships with 16 inch guns and surface-to-air missile launchers and similar responses advanced upon positions of The Returned. Offended by the hostility of the greeting they received, The Return attacked wearing the guises of creatures and beings of our myths and legends. The world's immediate threat response troops did not fare so well. They did some damage, sure. Within less than an hour, the forced arrayed against The Returned were pacified or destroyed.
So, here are the nuts-and-bolts of what happened. Spacefaring aliens returned to the planet that had been their personal petri-dish-like experimentation ground for literally the entire history of man, written, remembered and forgotten. Their natural abilities were so much greater than those of the lesser creatures they had chosen to ***deleted*** with for so long, that we (meaning our ancestors) had actually worshipped them as gods. Across every known culture, mythology or religion told of these "people". You can track their landing patterns through time with the periods of religious discovery and rising of long lasting civilizations that are known to us today through archeology. Pick a religion, it was founded by a flippin' alien. Any prophet, visionary, messiah you can name…alien. With one exception, Joseph Smith…that dude was just an opportunist and consummate con artist. Multiple wives in a predominantly Judeo-Christian society? Genius! More power to you, brother. You want a really funny revelation (pun-intended)? Scientology had the closest to accurate view. Yeah, they voluntarily went over to The Returned lock, stock, and barrel.
The Return was of global significance and received around the clock media coverage. Religious communities went out of their gods-damned minds. Conspiracy theorists had their vindicating day in the sun. Militaries around the world went into full readiness and governments in some countries instituted martial law. Our world had become skeptical and believed much more in science and logic than at any previous time that the Aliens had visited, although some theorize that Atlantis had reached our level of education and been punished for it. This time…THIS TIME though. We were not outclassed entirely as a species. Some had evolved and become more, become strong enough to resist. They fought back with brawn and brain, might and thought, ideas and ideals. Quite frankly, they got the people of Earth to believe in themselves as much if not more than they believed in these invaders.
Like the gods-damned world police, the U.S Armed Forces joined the fray. Unlike the Threat Response forces, they had been gearing up to combat super-powered people due to the unrest in American since the Accident. They even had the help of some of The Evolved as the "supers" had been tagged thanks to a leaked genetics doctoral thesis. The U.S. Armed Forces and the Evolve fared much better. Still, they were horribly outnumbered. The Returned had a three super power or equipped combatants for every one that took the field against them. They pushed to forces of humanity back to mostly useless land and began an insidious campaign of propaganda to fool, capture, cajole, and convince masses of humanity into welcoming their "return". For those with a sane head on their shoulders, it was an invasion. They focused mostly on the population centers of our world.
I wish there were more of them, these evolved humans. The aliens were too numerous. The Evolved could not cover enough area. They lost battles, lost land and cities and populations. A few populations were destroyed, many more were captured and subjugated. Now much of the world is under the aliens' control. Most of Africa, all of South America and Central America, Southern Europe, most of the United States, much of southern Asia have all fallen to The Returned. There are holdouts of humanity though.
High up in mountain chains and in most areas that remain below freezing for 2 to 3 months or more of the year have not been conquered. I have heard rumors that the Alps are largely untouched. Switzerland is still neutral. Gods-damned aliens descended to Earth, and they have managed stayed out of it all. Some people still fight. I have decided to join the fray. I have a few tricks up my sleeves and apparently I cannot die. So, I'll fight these mind-***deleted***. There are stories of other Evolved who have remained hidden. We'll need their help. Gods help me, but it is time for my own damn recruitment speeches.
The End of the World Didn't Take
Here M&M GMs can trade tips and seek inspiration. Look out for SPOILERS! Players, surf elsewhere or ruin your own fun.
2 posts • Page 1 of 1
- The Argent Protector
- Comrade
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Re: The End of the World Didn't Take
I really like this. I'd love to read more.
2 posts • Page 1 of 1

subset: commoncrawl


text: Have you ever entered into a relationship with a black man that was not originally from the United States? We all would like to believe Q-tips classic line that states black is black but there are cultural differences that will pop-up when trying to maintain a relationship with a man orginally from Africa. We all know that Africa is a huge continent and cultures vary from country to country but here are some of the general differences that one will notice when dating a traditional African man: African men do not have the gold-digger issue. They will generally be more generous up front because in many African....http://hellobeautiful.com/2009/10/07...ican-american/


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Spanish cyclist Roberto Heras has reclaimed his crown for the 2005 Tour of Spain after the Supreme Court confirmed the overturning of a positive doping test in the race.
Heras, 38, who rode alongside disgraced Lance Armstrong in the US Postal Service team from 2001-2003, tested positive for banned substance EPO, or erythropoietin, in the 20th stage of the 2005 Vuelta.
The Spanish cycling federation imposed a two-year ban in 2006 after finding he had taken the substance, a hormone that regenerates red blood cells.
But Heras took his case to the high court of the Spanish region of Castile and Leon, which last year overturned the doping ban, reportedly because of irregularities in the handling of the test.
The Supreme Court upheld that decision on Friday, denying an appeal by the Spanish state attorney and cycling federation. As a result, Heras "is the winner of the race", the cycling body said in a brief online statement.
Heras is now the only cyclist to have won four editions of the Vuelta (2000, 2003, 2004 and 2005).
"Thanks very much to all you who supported me during these interminable seven years," the rider said on his Twitter account. – Sapa-AFP


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|Home >> Course Descriptions >> College of Arts and Sciences
|Three semester hours.
A studio acting course in which the student explores and develops the techniques of creating a role. The student will explore the beginnings of creating a character from the ground up through analysis, rehearsal, and performance. The student will work on the creation of a comedic character as well as a dramatic character. This will culminate in a final performance showcase of a one man/one woman performance piece with the inclusion of a duet performance at the end of the semester (Note: outside rehearsal time may be needed throughout the semester).
Home - General Information - Student Services -
Academic Undergraduate Regulations -
Undergraduate Degrees - Academic Graduate Regulations -
Graduate Degrees - Course Descriptions - Faculty -
Appendix A - Appendix B - Appendix C - Appendix D


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Welcome to Allen!
The following links provide the information you need to get you and your computer ready for online courses.
Getting Started Online Information
Online Student Orientation - The orientation is available five times a year, one month before classes begin each term. The orientation has assignments that mimic an online course so you can see if your computer and computer skills are ready for an online course. Feedback from students who have taken the orientation is very positive. We hope you will take the time to complete the optional orientation.


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Evolving Thoughts: Fun with Christians and worldviewsAugust 20, 2008 — Deacon Duncan
John Wilkins has a very worthwhile post entitled Fun with Christians and worldviews, over at Evolving Thoughts. He discusses a debate he had with a group of Christians that involved the "competing worldviews" meme. After pointing out that "bald is not a hair color" (i.e. atheism and agnosticism are not religious worldviews in competition with other religions), he writes:
The other error is more widespread. I was in effect accused of having a worldview that precluded the existence of God, and the audience was invited to compare that with my opponents, who had one that permitted God. But the simple fact is, I don't have a worldview. In fact, neither do they. I don't think worldviews exist. They are a gross oversimplification of what is actually going on inside people's heads, and are mere abstractions. If one believes in God, one might still believe things that are inconsistent with a belief in God. Intellectual schemes are not whole cloth, and you can entertain incompatible ideas, and in fact I think you must, because nobody gets a simple set of coherent ideas handed to them at birth, free of all confounding beliefs.
Christians, who have an extensive body of traditional dogma which they like to reassure themselves is true and consistent, like to think also that everybody has something like this. Religions are "rationally reconstructed" as sets of dogma by the Christian tradition (e.g., when doing anthropology by missionary) when in fact there is no dogma at all, just stories, rituals, and ways of life. The idea that one has a worldview by necessity is one that is made by analogy with a false view of themselves…
Recommended Reading.


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CT State Parks and Forests Main Page
Forest Location
Route 156Lyme(Directions)
Forest Contact Information
Nehantic State Forest c/o Rocky Neck State Park244 W. Main StNiantic, CT 06357
(860) 739-5471
{Symbol for Handicapped Accessibility}
This forest offers:
{Symbol for Handicapped Accessibility}
{Symbol for Handicapped Accessibility}
Picnic Tables
The forest recreation areas are open from 8 am to sunset. Other forest areas are open one-half hour before sunrise to one-half hour after sunset.
Alcohol-free park. Please do not bring alcoholic beverages.
Pets on a leash are permitted.
(860) 424-3200
Seasonal Water Quality Information:
(866) 287-2757(Toll Free in CT)
(860) 424-4070
This property was acquired and/or developed with the assistance of the Land and Water Conservation Fund.
{Land and Water Conservation Fund Grant Program}
{Nehantic State Forest}
NehanticState ForestLyme, East Lyme
Visit Nehantic State Forest and discover what the first forest in New London County has to offer.
{Boating} Boating
{Picnicking} Picnicking
{Hiking} Hiking
{Swimming} Swimming
{Hunting} Hunting
Boat Launch - Norwich Pond, Uncas Lake, Picnic Tables, Pit Toilets
{Nehantic State Forest} Nehantic State Forest, Lyme
From I-95 Southbound: Take Exit 70 and go straight at bottom of exit, travel through 2 traffic lights, turn right at the third light at the intersection of Route 156 and Route 1. Follow Route 156 for approximately 3 miles. Forest entrance is on the right.
From I-95 Northbound: Take Exit 70 and turn left off the ramp onto Route 156 Northbound. Follow Route 156 for approximately 3 miles. Forest entrance is on the right.
There is no parking fee at Nehantic State Forest.
State Park/Forest Fees | Season and other Park Passes
Forest Map (Lyme block)
Forest Map (East Lyme block)
Nehantic was the first state forest in New London County, and has all been purchased since 1925. Considerable difficulty was experienced in selecting the site. Although there is a great deal of wooded land in the county, it is so cut up by open farm lands that large areas of forest in one block are difficult to find. The land is mostly covered with a second growth of hardwoods. There are a number of good trout streams in the forest.
The forest takes its name from the Nehantic Indians, whose ranging grounds once extended from Wecapaug Brook, in what is now Rhode Island, to the Connecticut River. Shortly before the settlers arrived the Pequots had invaded Nehantic territory and annexed about half of the land claimed by the tribe.
Nehantic State Forest Native American Burn Demonstration Area
A 16 acre forest stand has been intentionally burned repeatedly to simulate the structure of the forests of Southern Connecticut just prior to European settlement. Native Americans often burned much of the forest in order to make the forest more habitable. The burns increased grasses which attracted their game animals, increased berry production, and facilitated the collection of firewood and acorns as well as numerous other benefits. The burn area is more open than adjacent forests as the fire killed much of the thin bark trees in the understory as well as the occasional overstory tree. The stand is located near the main entrance to the forest off Route 156 just south of the village of Hamburg.
{Photo of area of Native American burn in Nehantic Forest}
This picture was taken just over a year after the latest of a series of burns. The burns knocked back the dense under and mid-story that is prevalent in most hardwood forests in Connecticut allowing greater visual penetration. The forest still has more overstory trees than were present in pre-settlement times as the site is not very dry and it is hard to get an intense enough fire to kill more than a handful of the bigger trees. The burns promoted a grassy and herbaceous forest floor that is not common in Connecticut, except on some ridge tops . The lack of fire has allowed a woody understory to develop and shade out the grasses.
Other Nearby State Recreation Areas Include:
Devil's Hopyard State Park, East HaddamLocation: 3 miles north of the intersection of Route 82 and Route 156Activities: Camping, Hiking, Picnicking, Stream FishingCharge: None for picnic area, campsite fee
{Nehantic State Forest} Nehantic State Forest
Rocky Neck State Park, East Lyme Location: 3 miles west of Niantic (Exit 72 from I-95)Activities: Picnicking, Saltwater Fishing, Hiking, Scuba Diving, Camping, Interpretive Program, Field Sports, Cross Country Skiing, Saltwater SwimmingCharge: Daily, in season. Camping fee
Related Links
Connecticut Tourism Information Boating Information
{Link to Top of Page} Content last updated April 2018


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Eating Liberally
Eating Liberally Blog
Whole Grains: Putting White Flour Power On The Run?Submitted by KAT on Tue, 04/07/2009 - 8:19am.
Cross-posted from The Green Fork.
So the First Family's pulled up a patch of green turf and rolled out the red carpet for that dynamic dietary duo, fruits and veggies. Finally, fresh produce has a friend in the White House (except for beets, which, sad to say, the President declines to eat.)
But where is the Beltway ballyhoo for the third crucial ally in the Axis of Eat Well? It takes three pillars to form the plant-based diet we're supposed to adopt if we want to save ourselves and the planet: fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. With all the publicity that the Grow Your Own movement has been getting, it's high time to shine a light on America's Grainy Day Woman, Lorna Sass, whose last book, Whole Grains Every Day, Every Way won a well-deserved James Beard award.
Sass's new book, Whole Grains For Busy People, may be an innocently titled paperback with a cheery, wholesome-looking cover, but don't be fooled; the recipes inside are out to subvert the way Americans eat.
And not a minute too soon, because while "white bread" has become synonymous with "bland," it's really not so benign as that; eating all those processed foods high in refined flour contributes to diabetes, obesity, heart disease and cancer.
The thing is, though, we've all grown so accustomed to white flour (and white rice) that many of us don't know how to bake with whole wheat flour and have no clue what to do with whole grains like rye, barley, corn meal, and spelt. We think millet is for the birds, and associate brown rice with seitan worshippers.
Sass comes to the rescue with Whole Grains For Busy People, making it easy for folks to prepare quick, simple meals built around whole grains that you can cook up in half an hour. These grains may be foreign to your pantry, but they're the staples that have sustained mankind for centuries. And they offer a wide range of tastes and textures infinitely more interesting than their pale, over processed cousins.
As Sass explains, refined flour only became the norm after manufacturers discovered that flour would keep indefinitely if you removed the bran and germ. Unfortunately, this process also removes "50 to 90 percent of the nutrients and phytochemicals" contained in whole grains. Whose shelf life would you rather shorten--your own, or your flour's? Whole grains are not only high in nutrients, antioxidants and fiber, but because our bodies absorb them more slowly than refined grains, your body is spared the kind of spikes in sugar and insulin that can lead to diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Whole Grains For Busy People is, like all of Sass's books, crammed with useful information and tips as well as easy-to-make recipes. For all those folks who've tried whole wheat pastas and pastries in the past and found their texture lacking, Sass highlights culinary breakthroughs such as King Arthur's white whole wheat flour, and provides a chart rating the new whole grain pastas that constitute a dramatic improvement over the "gummy, gritty or mushy" varieties you may have encountered in the past.
Sass is especially enamored of the brown rice pastas that have been a boon to the gluten-intolerant. Adapting a technique from Cook's Illustrated called "skillet pasta," she offers a whole series of super quick dishes featuring brown rice pastas that can be cooked in a single skillet along with their sauce, eliminating the need to boil a pot of water and pre-cook the pasta.
Many of the recipes featured in Whole Grains For Busy People are clever whole-grain enhanced variations of familiar dishes. The quinoa-creamed spinach, for example, achieves its cream-free creaminess through the use of quinoa flakes--a product I had spotted at my local health food store but had no clue what to do with till I found Sass's recipe.
Sass includes a number of vegetarian dishes, and even the meat, poultry and fish-based recipes play down the protein in favor of grains and veggies. Plus, Sass offers plenty of variations that make it easy to adapt her recipes to suit your own dietary preferences, whether you're vegan, vegetarian, or "flexitarian."
You may know that "quinoa" is pronounced "KEEN-wah," not "Kwi-NO-ah," but do you know what to do with it? Whole Grains For Busy People offers ten different dishes featuring quinoa, from soups and stews to a stir-fry, a paella, and even a pudding.
You know you're supposed to be eating more whole grains. You hear it from everyone: Michael Pollan, Marion Nestle, Mark Bittman--and, of course, the USDA, which tells us to eat more whole grains even though its agricultural policies continue to encourage over processed, highly refined foods (how passive aggressive can you get?)
Whole Grains For Busy People takes obscure, fringe-y grains like quinoa and farro--along with neglected pre-agribiz staples like barley and buckwheat--and incorporates them into classic comfort foods using simple ingredients that are widely available. It's a stealthy way to bring these whole grains back from the culinary wilderness where they've languished too long. Here's to the end of white flour power, and a resurgence in fiber--whether it's moral or dietary. We could use more of both, these days.
Fedco Seeds: The David To Monsanto's GoliathSubmitted by KAT on Tue, 03/24/2009 - 1:52pm.
Cross-posted from The Green Fork.
Seed money for start-ups may be evaporating faster than California's dwindling reservoirs, but this rocky economy's proving to be fertile ground for the seed industry. Cash-strapped consumers, scared by the specter of an empty fridge, are investing in the ultimate low-tech, high-yield start-up: the kitchen garden. The National Gardening Association estimates that some 43 million Americans are gearing up to grow at least some of their own food this spring.
And no wonder. As Roger Doiron, founder of Maine-based Kitchen Gardeners International, has documented, a few dozen seed packets costing $130 can yield more than two thousand dollars worth of produce over the course of the growing season. "We have a fabulous opportunity," C.R. Lawn, the founder of another Maine mainstay, Fedco Seeds, told an audience at the Pennsylvania Association for Sustainable Agriculture's Farming For The Future conference last month. "The challenge is on us to come through." Lawn, an endearingly shaggy character who looks a bit like a pale Papa Smurf, rocked gently from side to side as he spoke of the challenges that his company faced following the acquisition of Fedco's largest seed supplier, Seminis, by monolithic Monsanto back in 2005.
Like many a diehard Fedco fan, I eagerly await their famous catalog each spring in anticipation of the wonderful, whimsical illustrations and witty seed descriptions sprinkled with fascinating tidbits of trivia and gratuitous political commentary. "We wish we were writing for the New Yorker," Lawn confessed wistfully.
But when I opened my 2006 Fedco catalog, anticipating a breezy excursion through the season's seed offerings, I was dismayed to find out about Fedco's dilemma. I was vaguely aware, at the time, of Monsanto's house of horrors: Agent Orange, DDT, rBST,Roundup, and so on. But I hadn't realized that they were swallowing up smaller seed companies in their relentless drive to dominate the world's food supply. In January of 2006, I wrote:
Does it matter if most of our vegetables are brought to us courtesy of Monsanto and Dupont? I'll admit I don't think about this issue a whole lot myself. But when I kicked back with a stack of seed catalogs on Sunday to find out what's new and novel in the edible landscape, I opened up the Fedco Co-op Seed Packers catalog and found a can of worms.
Fedco sells the finest hybrid and heirloom vegetable seed to farmers and home gardeners alike, offering a wide range of certified organic cultivars and regional heirloom varieties at terrific prices. A cooperative venture committed to fostering sustainable agriculture, Fedco conducts extensive trials of its seeds in order to select the best tasting, hardiest varieties with the highest germination rates.
So when Fedco's largest seed supplier, a company called Seminis, got snapped up by Monsanto last year, Fedco was faced with a major ethical dilemma. Monsanto, king of the genetically engineered crop crowd, is anathema to the folks at Fedco, but Seminis has long provided Fedco with many of its most popular vegetable varieties, including my all-time favorite cherry tomato, a super sweet golden hybrid called Sunsugar.
Fedco, being the cooperative that it is, polled its customers: should they drop the Monsanto/Seminis seed altogether, phase it out gradually, or keep it? The majority voted to drop Monsanto like a genetically modified hot potato.
As Lawn told us at the PASA conference, Fedco has been scrambling ever since to find replacement seed varieties for the ones its customers have come to rely on. It's been a struggle, Lawn admitted, but he has no doubt they made the right decision, and sales have doubled over the past two years.
Monsanto's ongoing campaign to control our food chain's been well documented in a series of books, documentaries, and articles in recent years, but the vast majority of American consumers remain blissfully unaware of all the behind-the-scenes machinations Monsanto has employed in its quest to persecute--and, presumably, eliminate--the small, independent farmers who decline to buy Monsanto's patented, genetically modified seeds, preferring instead to grow seed varieties that have been painstakingly bred for superior flavor and texture and, in many cases, passed down through generations.
These are the heirloom varieties that have been threatened with extinction since the advent of industrial agriculture, because though they may have the best flavor, they don't ship well, or their appearance is too irregular for customers programmed to demand uniformly round tomatoes or perfect apples.
C. R. Lawn has been on the frontlines of the agri-culture wars since he founded Fedco Seeds in 1978, so the 2006 catalog was full of quotes from customers cheering his company's decision not to do business with Monsanto:
"You don't need to sell your soul for a Sunsugar...We'll survive on the sweet tastiness of the moral high ground."
But Fedco's not only surviving; it's thriving. Three years later, the 2009 catalog includes a brand new open-pollinated cherry tomato Fedco's introduced named "WOW," because "WOW! has been the first word out of everyone who has ever plopped one in his or her mouth." Sadly, I missed the boat on this reportedly remarkable new variety because, well, I was too busy attending sustainable ag conferences and the like to crack open my seed catalogs.
I'm sorry I won't be harvesting any "WOWs" this year, but thankful I had the opportunity to hear the iconic, ironic C. R. Lawn speak. With the impending publication of Robyn O'Brien's The Unhealthy Truth: How Our Food is Making us Sick -- And What We Can Do About It, and the June release of the documentary Food, Inc., mainstream America's about to get a wake-up call on just how asleep at the wheel our government's been in allowing Monsanto to monopolize our country's crops. Here's to C. R. Lawn and his colleagues at Fedco for weathering the Seminis/Monsanto storm and emerging triumphant. Thanks to these savers of seeds, our nation's rich agricultural heritage lives on.
Farming on Fifth AvenueSubmitted by KAT on Sat, 03/21/2009 - 12:03am.
As astonishing as the sight of Michelle Obama digging up the White House lawn was on Friday, I spotted something equally unexpected--and just as welcome--on my way to the Union Square Greenmarket that morning: a mini-farm flourishing on Fifth Avenue at 13th Street. There, through the windows of Parsons The New School For Design gallery, were a series of planters filled with all kinds of lovely looking veggies. A sign explained that the project was sponsored by the Edible Schoolyard and the Yale Sustainable Food Project.
The exhibit didn't appear to be open yet and I was schlepping a big bag of kitchen scraps to the Greenmarket to compost, but my curiosity compelled me to wheedle my way in and snap a few photos. A few hours later, Melina Shannon-DiPietro, a director of the Yale Sustainable Food Project, blogged about the exhibit on The Atlantic's new food blog, noting the crucial role that gardens have to play in reconnecting folks with nature:
People don't fall in love with abstractions but with particulars, and caring for "the environment" starts with loving a particular place. Ask the people you know who are nature lovers or staunch environmentalists where this stance began. It's likely there's a garden, a piece of woods, or a grassy patch of lawn (yes, even lawn!) in their childhood. In a garden, students learn to care for a piece of land, and they learn a new brand of environmentalism.
School gardens teach students of all ages the skills of critical thinking, problem solving, and the relationship between cause and effect. They also teach responsibility and care.
When I passed by the gallery again a few hours later on some errands there were a couple of urban aggies tending to the planters. What a lovely way to start the first day of spring!
Let's Ask Marion: Are Disney Eggs Just Ducky, Or Plain Daffy?Submitted by KAT on Fri, 03/20/2009 - 10:13pm.
(With a click of her mouse, EatingLiberally's kat corners Dr. Marion Nestle, NYU professor of nutrition and author of Pet Food Politics, What to Eat and Food Politics:)
Kat: So now Disney is marketing its own eggs. I'm fond of duck eggs from the farmers' market, but eggs stamped with Daffy Duck's likeness? Not so much. As Obama Foodorama noted the other day, the USDA and Disney have partnered to promote healthy eating even as Disney Hannah Montana Peanut Chocolate Bars have been caught up in the salmonella recall. Is there a legitimate role for corporate cartoon characters in the campaign to change the way America eats?
Dr. Nestle: Another example of corporate social responsibility in action! Of course food companies want cartoons on their packages. They are a clear signal to kids that these foods are intended just for them--"kids' foods." The idea is to make kids think that they are only supposed to eat kids' food and that they know more about what they are supposed to eat than their parents do.
I first encountered the cartoon problem in 2006 when Nickelodeon, in a burst of corporate responsibility, put SpongeBob on "baby" carrots. This was supposed to induce kids to eat their veggies.
I was skeptical. Nickelodeon was still putting SpongeBob on loads of junky food products. This would surely confuse kids or make them cynical about carrots.
When did it become necessary to put cartoons on foods anyway? Food is food and entertainment is entertainment and I don't see why they have to be mixed. If food is nourishing and well prepared, it is entertainment enough and doesn't need cartoons to entice kids to eat. I say, let's get rid of cartoons on all foods and let food be food.
But when I said something like this at a meeting of food company executives a few years ago, a representative of the Grocery Manufacturers Association held up a carton of milk with a cartoon cow on it and said, "See. If you did what she said, kids wouldn't be allowed to drink milk." OK, but kids will drink milk whether it has cartoons on the package or not. I vote for a boycott of kids' foods with cartoons on the package!
Obamas Heed The Grassroots Plea To Give Peas A ChanceSubmitted by KAT on Thu, 03/19/2009 - 11:42am.
Faithful followers of Obama Foodorama, the food politics blog whose house specialty is a perfect blend of substance and froth, were treated to an especially tasty scoop yesterday--the news that there will, indeed, be a vegetable garden at the White House.
As they say in my native San Fernando Valley, OMG. This turn of events is not just epic, it's biblical: ask, and ye shall receive.
I'm not talking about the slacktivists who sit around railing and wailing, "why bother?" I refer, rather, to the asktivists like Roger Doiron, the founder of Kitchen Gardeners International who looked at that vast expanse of lawn circling the White House like a gaudy green bauble and asked, "why not grow food instead of grass?"
Roger's the force of nature behind the Eat The View campaign, started just over a year ago in February, 2008. I first met Roger--a modest, affable fellow from Maine--at Manhattan's Union Square a few years back when he manned a table at the NYC Grows Garden Festival to spread the word about Kitchen Gardeners International. We had a great chat about urban ag and I've been a fan of his work with KGI ever since.
A couple of months after Roger started Eat the View, Daniel Bowman Simon, an NYU student who's working towards a Masters in Urban Planning, posted a query on a sustainable ag listserv asking:
"Has there ever been a concerted effort to get a President to plant a real food garden on the grounds? Is anybody here interested in participating in the 2008 version? Any thoughts are most welcome. I'm just an average joe with a big idea!"
OK, so he wasn't the first average joe with this particular big idea, but just as the 70's punk scene was big enough to accommodate the Sex Pistols and the Ramones, so, too, did the grassroots Victory Garden groundswell welcome these two campaigns.
Funnily enough, Union Square is also where I first encountered the WHO farm folks last summer when they parked their trademark topsy turvy bus at the Greenmarket last summer before embarking on their cross-country odyssey to promote the idea of a food garden on the White House lawn. The top of the bus hadn't been planted yet, so I brought them a bag of organic fertilizer to help them get growing.
These two endeavors were greeted by many as a quixotic quest, or, worse, a trivial distraction. But the Kitchen Gardener and the WHO Farmers persisted, and today, they're taking a victory lap on behalf of all us victory gardeners. So, yesterday, I asked Roger where he found the resolve to lobby tirelessly for the transformation of the White House landscape, and--proving yet again that if you ask, you'll receive--he kindly emailed me back:
Me: You lobbied tirelessly for the WH victory garden despite the cynics
Roger: My short answer to your question is that gardeners are good at delayed
I know how my garden benefits me, my family, and my community and want to
Gardens, for me, are a way of not only growing healthy children and
Although the White House garden campaign is winding down, the Eat the View
In thinking about my stick-to-itiveness, I also think that coming from Maine
Seitan Fit For A Saint: "Veggie Hack" St. Paddy's Day!Submitted by KAT on Mon, 03/16/2009 - 1:15pm.
Cross-posted from The Green Fork
If toasting the Emerald Isle with a pint of green beer is not your style, why not celebrate St. Patrick's Day with a green corned beef and cabbage? That's green as in photosynthesis; in other words, creating a plant-based version of a classic meat-centric dish, aka "veggie hacking."
With a bit of googling, I found a recipe from chef Brian McCarthy, author of The Vegan Family Cookbook, for seitan corned beef. Better still, there's a video of Brian showing exactly how he does it, in case you're intimidated by the prospect of making homemade seitan. Don't be--it's easier than you may think, and the end result is as good or better than anything you'll find at the store. I just started making my own seitan a couple of months ago and have been consistently pleased with the results.
I tinkered with McCarthy's recipe a bit and borrowed a trick from a Joy of Cooking recipe for candied corned beef by coating the seitan with a brown sugar/soy sauce/mustard glaze and baking it to give it a sweet, cripsy crust. This faux corned beef may be more of a tribute to St. Francis than St. Patrick, but either way, it's pretty divine.
Seitan Corned Beef
Dry Ingredients:
2 cups vital wheat gluten
Wet Ingredients:
1 cup vegetable broth
Cheese cloth (one double thick 24-inch by 16-inch piece)
To simmer seitan:
2 cups beer
For the glaze:
3 Tbs. brown sugar
1) In a large pot, bring the beer, water, bay leaf, peppercorns, cloves and salt to a simmer.
Slice thin, and serve with cabbage and potatoes.
Why Ridicule Risotto?Submitted by KAT on Tue, 03/10/2009 - 12:19pm.
Michelle Obama made headlines last week by using those famously toned arms of hers to sling some mushroom risotto, steamed broccoli and fruit salad at Miriam's Kitchen, a D.C.non-profit that serves homemade meals to 4,000 homeless people a year made with fresh local and organic foods instead of processed or canned foods, as the New York Times reported.
Obama told the press who gathered to watch the First Lady ladle:
I want to urge people who are listening that if you have an opportunity, to come by -- not just this soup kitchen but any soup kitchen in your community. And helping is an easy thing to do. Collect some fruits and vegetables. Bring by some good healthy food. You know, we want to make sure that our guests here and across this country are eating nutritious items. Today we had fresh risotto with mushrooms. We had broccoli. We had fresh baked muffins with carrots in it.
And my understanding is that this facility is able to provide that kind of meal for about $1.50. And that's an incredible thing to remember: that we can provide this kind of healthy food for communities across this country, and we can do it by each of us lending a hand. (hat tip: Obama Foodorama)
Sounds like a great idea, doesn't it? Everybody knows that our reliance on cheap processed foods is causing all kinds of diseases that disproportionately affect poor folks who can't afford pricey produce. Hey, even George Will--who still can't wrap his head around the fact that greenhouse gases are cooking our collective goose--has suddenly gotten the Gospel According to Pollan and connected the dots between our dumbass agricultural policies and fat-assed populace.
Other conservative commentators were, however, deeply disturbed by the whole event. An AP photo which showed a man using his cell phone camera to document the historic occasion of his being served by Michelle Obama sparked a tizzy in the wingnutosphere, which took offense at the idea that an individual affluent enough to afford a cell phone should be receiving free meals at a soup kitchen. Wonkette dished up a taste of these brain-dead tirades, including one from Kathy Shaidle, a blogger whose curdled rantings suggest she's learned at the fetid feet of Limbaugh. She begins by expressing that holier-than-thou-but-not-so-Christian contempt for the poor that is the hallmark of a certain kind of conservative:
Today's "poor" are the rich Jesus warned you about: fat, slovenly, wasteful of their money and other people's.
I prefer to call them "the broke."
A lot of (really naive) people are wondering (or pretending to wonder, when they're in public) how this "homeless" guy could "afford" a cellphone:
It would be better phrased: why is a guy with a cellphone homeless? Because then the question answers itself.
He spends all his (our) money on cellphones and, most likely, tattoos and drugs and booze and other crap, and has no money left for a home and food. And why should he bother? We pay for his shelter and food anyhow.
She goes on to validate my theory that wingnuts see wholesome foods as part of a vast left wing conspiracy:
What's really funny in that news story by the way is what they're serving at the soup kitchen: risotto with brocolli. Obviously some rich white liberal did the cooking that day, feeling all proud of herself, and what thanks did she get? Some lowclass loser going, "You expect me to eat this weird crap?!"
To which Salon's Alex Koppelman responded:
For the record, it was actually mushroom risotto. And her nasty "weird crap" remark? It's rice cooked in chicken stock with some vegetables, something most cultures are quite familiar with, no matter what you choose to call it. Come on.
This, in turn, elicited the following response from Shaidle:
Salon's Alex Koppelman is obviously a delusional liberal pantywaist who can't stand to have his romantic notions about "poverty" challenged (by someone who knows what they're talking about firsthand, and is also a better writer than he is.)
I'd rather be right than "nice" and "polite" -- and so would any intelligent adult who values the truth.
I'm betting Alex Koppelman is a grown man who still rides a bicycle. By choice. On the sidewalk.
This all seems like a trivial bloggy brouhaha, but it's indicative of a knee-jerk conservative mentality that feels compelled to malign liberals as broccoli-eating, bicycle-riding degenerates.
It may not be a deliberate, coordinated campaign; then again, maybe it is. Why is it that when progressives talk about the benefits our country could reap from say, investing in mass transit, or overhauling our school lunch program so that it might actually nourish our kids instead of poison them, too many folks on the right start to spew the kind of rancid rhetoric I've quoted here?
When did such wholesome and innocent things like riding a bike or liking vegetables turn into symbols of liberal decadence? Then again, take a look at the de facto head of the Republican Party, a man who evidently hasn't been on a bike or eaten a bite of fresh produce in decades. The Obamas, with their in-your-face fit physiques and ostentatiously heathy eating habits, must drive him crazy. Deepak Chopra rightly declares Limbaugh a symbol of anti-morality and offers an astute analysis of Limbaugh's appeal to his followers before concluding:
By any sane account, Rush Limbaugh is dead weight when it comes to finding a solution to anything. Like Sarah Palin, his spiritual bride, he lurks in the shadow of the human psyche, expressing the dark anger, resentment, jealousy, and vindictiveness that society can never escape.
Maybe Limbaugh will suffer a heart attack and have an epiphany that healthy foods and exercise are not, in fact, subversive liberal causes to be derided. Or maybe he'll just suffer a heart attack and die, like poor Tim Russert. That may be the only way we'll ever get Limbaugh to go organic, is when he dies and rots--from radio host to compost.
The O'Brien Retort: "The Real Green Building Is Building The Soil!"Submitted by KAT on Mon, 03/02/2009 - 11:05pm.
Women farmers are leading the way in the sustainable ag revolution, as the CS Monitor noted last week. I first wrote about this movement back in 2005, and met one of its leaders when we traveled to Iowa in 2007: Denise O'Brien (pictured right, with me), founder of the Women, Food & Agriculture Network. Denise is just back from the Midwest Organic Farming Conference, where the mother of all treehuggers, Vandana Shiva, was one of the keynote speakers. We're pleased to share this dispatch from Eating Liberally's favorite farminist:
Not many would understand that a weekend in Paradise could happen in La Crosse, Wisconsin. But what a weekend it was! I arrived in this northern Mississippi community on Thursday morning just before a bout of nasty weather hindered many on their trek to the Midwest Organic Farming Conference. This year was a celebration of twenty years, and what a wonderful celebration it was.
I went to my first conference in the mid 90s when it was held at Sinsinawa Mound Center, a former convent in the hills near Sinsinawa, Wisconsin. The convent and the people were magical then as now. Starting with ninety folks in 1990, this conference has grown to over 2600 participants. An incredible increase during those twenty years!
During the 90s I facilitated a couple of workshops on women in sustainable farming. I was very happy with an attendance of twenty five to thirty. This year there was a workshop, "See Jane Grow: A Celebration of Women Leading the Organic Agriculture Revolution" that I did not conduct but attended as a participant. What a shock when I walked in the room and there were over 150 women and men present! These folks were there to learn about policy, entrepreneurship, advocacy and to network.
My days spent at the conference helped renew and reenergize my mind, body and soul that were growing weary of the cold winter months. The highlights of the event were seeing old friends and meeting new ones, walking through the trade show to see the latest tools, seeds and resources and of course, the workshops and keynote speakers.
People were so alive and positive about the future. Folks were celebrating the appointment and were hopeful of the confirmation of Kathleen Merrigan as the Deputy Secretary of Agriculture. Many of us have worked with Kathleen over the years and know that she will bring wisdom and balance to the USDA.
Celebration was a key theme to this gathering. People have worked hard throughout the year and now take time to enjoy a few brews, listen and dance to fantastic music and discuss everything from growing and preparing food to nourishment for the earth – the medium in which we as farmers perform our work. Questions and answers abound in this convention center. How do we nurture those little creatures in the soil to help us grow crops that will feed and nourish people? How do we build a hoophouse to extend our ability to eat fresh, local food for a few months more of the year? How do we get the USDA to support us in our work as small, medium and large scale organic farmers?
I would be amiss if I did not mention that two keynote speakers blew us away. We started with Vandana Shiva , the goddess of organics. The words that I brought home with me were "the real green building is building the soil!". Yes!
Dr. Shiva was followed by Dr. Alan Green. A couple of years ago I heard Dr. Green, a pediatrician, and was just as impressed by his presentation as I was this time. The title of his keynote of course endeared him to me – "Why Farmers Are My Heroes."
I came away from this conference renewed and reenergized as I had hoped. I also came away with a new tool for weeding, a Cobrahead Weeding Tool, now I just need the ground to thaw to begin my spring work!
Agribiz Biostitute Declares Fresh Healthy Food A MenaceSubmitted by KAT on Sun, 03/01/2009 - 12:26am.
You're probably busy worrying about things like insolvency and unemployment, and rightly so; our banks are taking on water faster than we can bail them out, while the job market--and our waterways--are evaporating as quickly as that pool of color-coded conservatives the GOP's called up to counter the Obama juggernaut.
Steele, Jindal, Keyes? Please. The Republicans ought to be waving a white flag, but they just can't let go of the confederate flag. Witness the witless mayor of Los Alamitas, Dean Grose, who circulated an e-mail depicting a watermelon patch on the White House lawn with the caption "No Easter egg hunt this year."
Grose, who claimed that he "wasn't aware of the racial stereotype that blacks like watermelon," finds himself obliged to resign and "has sought assistance from Orange County Human Relations Commission to acquire greater sensitivity." With all due respect, that sounds about as effective as a charm school run by Christopher Hitchens.
If only Grose were a bit savvier, he could have claimed that he was simply endorsing the White House Victory Garden concept that Alice Waters & Co. have been famously promoting. I'm sure the Eat The View campaign would gladly welcome some bi-partisan support.
Quite frankly, though, conservatives don't seem all that psyched about fresh fruits and vegetables. See, fruits and vegetables may be high in vitamin K, but they're low on K street lobbyists. Fresh produce is, alas, a mere "specialty crop", not a deep-pocketed special interest group worthy of generous subsidies.
This explains why commodity crops form the cornerstone of our National School Lunch Program rather than the fresh fruits and vegetables the USDA is launching yet another campaign to promote. So we're feeding our kids a steady diet of "high-fat, low-grade meats and cheeses and processed foods like chicken nuggets and pizza," as a recent New York Times op-ed from Alice Waters and Civil Eat's Katrina Heron lamented.
Waters and Heron point out that this is a "poor investment," and float the radical notion that perhaps the lunch program could try nourishing our kids with freshly prepared, wholesome, unprocessed foods instead of the heat 'n' serve commodity crop crap it currently dumps on our little dumplings.
Our famously dysfunctional health care system's already groaning under the weight of a whole range of diet-induced diseases; who's going to pick up the tab for all that incipient diabetes and hypertension and heart disease?
Maybe Big Food could chip in--after all, PepsiCo agreed to help offset the cost of "Mountain Dew Mouth," an epidemic of dental disease in Appalachia caused by the practice of giving toddlers soda in their sippy cups. Couldn't we have similar initiatives to tackle "Whopper Waist"? What about Dunkin' Diabetes?
Of course, we could also just try making healthy food more accessible and affordable. But that would upset the anti-apple cart, and yes, there is one. Consider the following letter to the Editor that the Times published in response to the Waters/Heron op-ed:
To the Editor:
Alice Waters and Katrina Heron's suggestions for improvements in the National School Lunch Program include a healthy helping of wishful thinking and inconsistency.
For one thing, food safety, environmental preservation and energy conservation are not promoted by "foods that are produced without pesticides or chemical fertilizers." Such foods are expensive and inefficient, because they use more land and water than if modern techniques were employed.
Moreover, Ms. Waters is a longtime opponent of the use of the most precise and predictable genetic techniques to improve crop varieties, a view that is diametrically at odds with the writers' desire for the federal government "to back environmentally sound farming practices."
Finally, "food safety" would likely become a far greater problem if thousands of schools were to begin to "cook food from scratch": the vast majority of food poisonings result from the improper handling of food — in particular, from inadequately cooking chicken or permitting the juices from raw poultry to contaminate other foods.
Henry I. Miller
The writer, a medical doctor, is a fellow at the Hoover Institution and a former Food and Drug Administration official.
Welcome to another steaming poo-poo platter of Agribriz propaganda served up by a biostitute whose foundation is fossil-fueled by Archer Daniels Midland, Exxon, Ford, GM, Chrysler, and Titanic financial titans like J.P. Morgan and Merrill Lynch.
Miller once wrote an op-ed for the Times in which he argued that rBST, Monsanto's bovine growth hormone, was a boon to the environment because it enabled dairy farmers to squeeze more milk out of fewer cows, thereby reducing their carbon footprint. Consumers, he claimed, were happy to buy milk from cows injected with this "safe and useful product...in spite of efforts by biotechnology opponents to bamboozle milk processors and retailers into believing that consumers don't want it."
Opposition to rBST, he warned, could send the cost of milk soaring to $5 a gallon.
In fact, widespread consumer rejection of rBST compelled Monsanto to sell it off to another company, while the price of milk has fallen so low that dairy farmers are being forced to slaughter their cows because they can no longer afford to feed them.
So now Miller's peddling more disingenuous Agribiz talking points, depicting sustainable ag advocates as mesclun-muddled meddlers. In his first paragraph, Miller implies that industrial agriculture, with its reliance on pesticides and chemical fertilizers, is more energy efficient and environmentally friendly than organic farming, which he claims requires "more land and water."
Organic farming may well be more labor intensive, but it's simply preposterous to claim that it's more resource intensive or environmentally damaging than industrial agriculture. In fact, recent studies have shown that organic farming is far kinder to the environment, and offers the best hope for feeding the world.
Miller goes on to attack Waters for her opposition to the "most precise and predictable genetic techniques to improve crop varieties," by which he presumably means genetically modified crops. He states that such a position is "diametrically at odds" with her plea to the USDA to make "good on its fledgling commitment to back environmentally sound farming practices." This up-is-down, black-is-white, topsy turvy spin ranks right up there with Monsanto's latest ad campaign that claims they're all about sustainable agriculture. Yes, and Rush Limbaugh wants to do away with partisan rancor. Whatever.
Miller then goes and gets his genetically modified cotton knickers in a twist over Waters' and Heron's suggestion that school lunches would ideally be cooked from scratch. According to Miller, this is an open invitation to an epidemic of food poisoning, the "vast majority" of which results "from improper food handling."
Nevermind that all the recent salmonella and E. coli outbreaks have been linked to industrial agriculture. Specifically, factory farm feces. You see, the bacteria that brought us the tainted spinach, tomato, and peanut recalls are "intestinal bacteria," as Neal Barnard, president of the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, recently noted in Agweek. "But spinach has no intestine. Neither do tomatoes. And neither do peanuts."
After reading Miller's galling Orwellian garbage, I purged my palate of the Agribiz aftertaste with Tom Philpott's excellent, nuanced take on our school lunch program over at Grist. Philpott cites several critics who claim that the kind of overhaul of the school lunch program that Waters and Heron propose may not be doable--or even desirable. He explains precisely why it is both, and concludes that, yes, oui can:
Finally, the French pay up for school lunches -- $8 a pop, last I checked -- and their economy is certainly doing no worse than ours; and their health metrics are better. In Paris, they've got chefs cooking at daycare centers!
Of course, this is precisely the kind of thing that has rabid Republicans foaming at the mouth. As Mitt Romney told a conference of conservatives on Friday:
"I'm afraid I know where the liberal Democrats want to take us...As they try to pull us in the direction of government-dominated Europe, we're going to have to fight as never before to make sure that America stays America."
Fresh healthy food in our schools? Eee-www. That is, like, so EU. This is America, dammit. We don't do healthy.
Let's Ask Marion: Should We Be Merry About Merrigan?Submitted by KAT on Tue, 02/24/2009 - 12:29pm.
(With a click of her mouse, EatingLiberally's kat corners Dr. Marion Nestle, NYU professor of nutrition and author of Pet Food Politics, What to Eat and Food Politics:)
Kat: A near-collective cheer rose up from the progressive foodie blogosphere
Dr. Nestle: Let's score this as a win for Food Democracy Now, which worked hard to collect over 87,000 signatures from people who want the USDA to start paying attention to sustainable agriculture. Let's also give points to USDA Secretary Vilsack for listening to Food Democracy Now on this issue. Kathleen Merrigan has a long track record of promoting organics and plenty of experience in making things work in government. I'm keeping fingers crossed that she will be able to make some progress on issues that matter so much to so many of us.
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==Testing the CuCl2==
==Testing the CuCl2==
Before using the CuCl2 you want to make sure that the etchant has the correct pH balance and the correct specific gravity. The ideal pH of the solution is < 1 and the ideal specific gravity is between 1.2393 and 1.3303.
Before using the CuCl2 you want to make sure that the etchant has the correct pH balance and the correct specific gravity.
The ideal pH of the solution is < 1 and the ideal specific gravity is between 1.2393 and 1.3303.
===Testing the pH===
===Testing the pH===
Revision as of 11:44, 9 March 2019
The APL has a tank of nasty copper chloride etchant (the polypropylene cereal box with nuclear green liquid inside). This functions via the following reactions. The obvious attraction of this process is that it produces no waste stream: The result of etching copper is more etchant! Be very careful with the etchant as HCL is extremely acidic, also see the warnings below about the proper way to dispose of the etchant (do not pour it down the drain).
Cu(s) + CuCl2 -> 2CuCl
CuCl + chlorinating oxidation -> CuCl2
The tank contains a not insignificant amount of hydrochloric acid (the unmistakeable smell of which is detectable when it is open). However, the HCl is not free: It is almost entirely bound up in complexes with the copper chloride. Transition metal salts are known for being extremely colorful, and copper is no exception.
Dilute solutions of copper chloride in water are a serene blue (the copper ion coordinates with 6 waters). Intermediate concentrations are yellowish, and the addition of hydrochloric acid to a concentrated solution results in the copper ions forming a complex with two waters and four chloride ions (CuCl_4^{-2} \cdot 2H_2O), and it is this complex which gives our etchant its beautiful and almost hypnotically intense green hue.
The second reaction above is a summary of what is actually a rather complicated series of ion-complex reactions. The first reaction proceeds rapidly, while the second is the rate limiting factor (the insertion of a powerful oxidizer, like hydrogen peroxide, to the solution can speed this up).
This can be observed if the board is withdrawn entirely from the etchant solution to examine: Immediately, brownish liquid can be seen draining off of all exposed copper areas - these drops are etchant in which all available acid has been used up and copper (II) has saturated the solution with brown copper (I) ions.
This underscores why turbulent action is essential to the etching process: Like photographic development, etching is a surface reaction whose components come from a bulk fluid, and the bulk must be turbulently washed over the surface to continuously bring "new" etchant, unladen with copper I ions, within diffusion range of the surface.
Testing the CuCl2
Before using the CuCl2 you want to make sure that the etchant has the correct pH balance and the correct specific gravity.
The ideal pH of the solution is < 1 and the ideal specific gravity is between 1.2393 and 1.3303.
Testing the pH
To test the pH you'll want to use a pH meter. In the APL we have one called a pH spear. This can be calibrated and then used to test the pH of the etchant. Calibration should be done once a week.
To calibrate the pH meter you will need 3 clear, liquid solutions called pH buffers. Each pH buffer has a precisely determined pH that can be used to calibrate the pH meter. First, put on eye protection and gloves. Then, set up the three buffer solutions in three labeled trays like the picture below (make sure to write on the bottom side of the trays to avoid changing the pH of the solution in the tray) and place the three small trays in a large tray to contain spillage or dripping. Also, make sure the solutions are about room temperature and then proceed to calibration.
When you are ready to calibrate the pH meter, turn on the meter by pressing the ON/OFF button. Next, carefully remove the storage cap and solution from the tip of the pH meter. Make sure the storage solution does not spill and place the cap in a secure location for later. Rinse the tip of the pH spear with deionized water to remove the storage solution from the tip. Be sure to rinse the pH spear with deionized water between every submergence in a different liquid to wash away the previous liquid. Next, press the CAL button to begin calibration. Submerge the tip of the pH spear 2cm - 3cm below the surface of the 4 pH buffer solution for 2 minutes (this allows the electrode in the tip to stabilize). The screen will display two numbers, the top number is the reading for the current pH and the bottom number is the pH the meter is being calibrated to. Ideally, for the pH 4 buffer solution the top number will gradually drop or rise to 4.01 while the bottom number remains at 4.01 (the bottom number will only ever display 4.01, 7.00, or 10.01 which correspond to the different buffer solutions).
After 2 minutes in the solution, without removing the tip from the solution, press the HOLD/ENT button, this will save the current calibration. Rinse the tip with deionized water and submerge the tip in the pH 7 buffer solution. Once again press enter after 2 minutes and rinse the tip. Finally repeat this process for the pH 10 solution and rinse the tip with deionized water.
Now that the pH meter is calibrated, dip the pH meter 2cm - 3cm into the etchant and record the pH. At the time of writing this the pH of the solution is 0.07, which is well below 1 and thus adequate. When you remove the pH Spear from the etchant the tip will have a small amount of bright green etchant on it, because the etchant is caustic and should not go down the drain (see warnings below) you do not want to immediately rinse the tip with deionized water. First, while wearing gloves, gently dry the green liquid from the tip with kimtech wipes. This will absorb the excess liquid and you can then rinse the tip with deionized water.
If you are finished with pH meter return the pH spear into the storage cap with the storage solution and appropriately dispose of your excess chemicals (do not just pour them down the drain). Also, after adjusting the pH, record the date and pH on the side of the container.
If any of these instructions were unclear please refer to the pH Spear manual, which should be with the pH Spear.
Decreasing the pH
If the pH is above 1, you can decrease the pH by adding more HCl to the etchant. Handling pure HCl is dangerous and should be done with extreme caution. Ask professor Boggs for help with this.
Testing the Specific Gravity
To test the specific gravity you will need a hydrometer, again the ideal range is between 1.24 and 1.33. This will determine the relative density of the etchant. Using the hydrometer just requires you to place the weighted end down in the liquid, the hydrometer will then float (make sure there is enough liquid in your container to ensure the hydrometer will not touch the bottom of your container). After a few seconds the hydrometer will stabilize and you can read the specific gravity from the markings on the inside of the tube.
If the specific gravity is too high you need add water. The specific gravity should not be too low because the etching process increases the specific gravity, if too much water is added and brings the specific gravity down below 1.24 you can still perform suboptimal etching that will increase the specific gravity in the process.
Lastly, after adjusting the specific gravity, date and record your measurement on table tapped to the side of the container.
Using the CuCl2
Before interacting with the chemicals, make sure you have latex gloves, safety glasses, and a lab coat on.
Etching with the Aggregation Tank
Before you start the etching process you will want to set up the thermometer in the aggregation tank, turn on the heating pillar by plugging it in, start the bubbler by plugging it in, and set up a tray of water/sodium bicarbonate mix (this mix should contain very roughly 1 tablespoon of sodium bicarbonate and 500 mL of water). The sodium bicarbonate will be used to neutralize the HCl in the CuCl2 and halt the etching process after you are finished. While increasing the temperature increases etching speed, it also boils off more HCl (which has a very low boiling point). I recommend bringing the CuCl2 solution up to 32 degrees Celsius and then unplugging the heater.
The aggregator with the CuCl2 should look like this when set up, but make sure this is done under a fume hood (the HCl fumes are toxic and cause rust). Also make sure you have your sodium bircarbonate solution set up too.
Once you're all set up and the etchant is up to temperature you can attach you're PCB to a clip and submerge it in the liquid. You're goal is to remove all the copper from the areas without the green photoresist. You'll need to continue the etching process as long as it takes to do this, although my PCB took about 13.5 minutes so you can use this as a rough estimate. This time will not be the same for you and you must check the board at least every 3-5 minutes, if the board is left unattended for too long even the copper under the photoresist will be removed and you will just be left with a piece of fibreglass. As the copper is removed you will begin to see the fibreglass board. You're etching process is complete when all that is left on the board is the green photoresist (which protects the copper layer below it) and fibreglass. There should be no visible copper.
Etching without the Aggregation Tank
Before you start etching make sure you set up a tray of sodium bicarbonate and water to neutralize the acids after etching. The action is slow at our room temp (22C) and may require as long as 30 minutes of agitation. Agitation *must* be continuous (and currently, by hand as we lack a bubbler). The etching process occurs at the surface and not in the volume, thus it is a diffusion limited process - agitation is *essential* or the metal simply forms a depletion zone adjacent to itself devoid of etching ions. Etching is complete once close inspections shows NO remaining exposed copper.
Note that the board cannot be left to etch unattended even with automatic agitation - the acid etches across as it cuts down (at a fairly small angle), but if left indefinitely it will eat *all* the copper off the board.
After Etching
Once etching is complete, remove the board from the etchant. Try to shake as much etchant as possible back off into the tank before putting the board into a prepared small tray of sodium bicarbonate solution. This will immediately halt the etch action, and remove all remaining copper ions from the etchant solution that remained to the board. This is important because putting copper ions down the drain is very illegal:
Copper ion concentrations measured in single-digit parts per million are dangerous to aquatic life, and the required dilutions for copper ion contaminated water to go down the drain are concomitant: Our tank of etchant would contaminate several olympic swimming pools of water beyond legal release limits.
Under no circumstances allow any amount of green etchant solution to go down the drain! If any does, dump the sodium bicarbonate in immediately, chase it with a torrent of water, and pour additional bicarbonate in the sink straight from the box to 'kill it' before it enters the wastewater stream. If substantial spillage (more than a thimble full) occurs, get Dr. Boggs and call EHS immediately. A large release of copper ions down the drain threatens the entire city's wastewater treatment plant.
Gentle brushing will take any copper bicarbonate off the board. Once the board is clean, a remarkably small amount of poured acetone will strip the resist off of the copper exposing the beautiful tracks.


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Intermediate Tutorial for AppUpdate with HTML5/ Android
Proficiency: Intermediate
- Download and install Android Studio (recommended version 2.2.3)
- Android device or simulator, version 4.4-7.0 (device recommended)
- Complete the Basic tutorial
- Download and import the sample project below in to Android Studio
You will learn
After completing the prerequisite steps, follow the interactive tutorial. At the end of this tutorial you will have a detailed understanding how to implement AppUpdate with the SAP Mobile SDK on Android.
Time to Complete
20 min
Tutorial Progress: Incomplete
Next Steps
Now that you have completed the Intermediate tutorial, move on to the Advanced tutorial to gain a more detailed understanding of AppUpdate and how to configure your SAP Cloud Platform mobile services trial so that you can update your HTML5 application with it.