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I left Los Angeles at 4 in the morning, long before first light, and made it to Bakersfield — the land of oil derricks, lowriders and truck stops with Punjabi food — by 6. Ten minutes later, I was in the land of carrots.
You know that huge pile of cello-wrapped carrots in your supermarket? Now imagine that the pile filled the entire supermarket. That's how many carrots I saw upon my arrival at Bolthouse Farms. Something like 50 industrial trucks were filled to the top with carrots, all ready for processing. Bolthouse, along with another large producer, supplies an estimated 85 percent of the carrots eaten by Americans. There are many ways to put this in perspective, and they're all pretty mind-blowing: Bolthouse processes six million pounds of carrots a day. If you took its yield from one week and stacked each carrot from end to end, you could circle the earth. If you took all the carrots the company grows in a year, they would double the weight of the Empire State Building.
At Bolthouse's complex, carrots whirl around on conveyor belts at up to 50 miles an hour en route to their future as juliennes, coins and stubs, or baby carrots, which the company popularized and which aren't babies. Other carrots become freezer fare, concentrate, salad dressings and beverages. Fiber is separated for tomato sauce and hot dogs. Whatever's left becomes cattle feed.
Bolthouse is just one of the many massive operations of California's expansive Central Valley, which is really two valleys: the San Joaquin to the south and Sacramento to the north. All told, the Central Valley is about 450 miles long, from Bakersfield up to Redding, and is 60 miles at its widest, between the Sierra Nevada to the east and the Coast Ranges to the west. It's larger than nine different states, but size is only one of its defining characteristics: the valley is the world's largest patch of Class 1 soil, the best there is. The 25-degree (or so) temperature swing from day to night is an ideal growing range for plants. The sun shines nearly 300 days a year. The eastern half of the valley (and the western, to some extent) uses ice melt from the Sierra as its water source, which means it doesn't have the same drought and flood problems as the Midwest. The winters are cool, which offers a whole different growing season for plants that cannot take the summer heat. There's no snow.
The valley became widely known in the 1920s and 1930s, when farmers arrived from Virginia or Armenia or Italy or (like Tom Joad) Oklahoma and wrote home about the clean air, plentiful water and cheap land. Now the valley yields a third of all the produce grown in the United States. Unlike the Midwest, which concentrates (devastatingly) on corn and soybeans, more than 230 crops are grown in the valley, including those indigenous to South Asia, Southeast Asia and Mexico, some of which have no names in English. At another large farm, I saw melons, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, broccoli, chard, collards, prickly pears, almonds, pistachios, grapes and more tomatoes than anyone could conceive of in one place. (The valley is the largest supplier of canned tomatoes in the world too.) Whether you're in Modesto or Montpelier, there's a good chance that the produce you're eating came from the valley.
I came to the valley both by choice and by mandate. In preparation for the magazine's Food and Drink Issue, I asked readers to suggest my assignment. They could send me anywhere they wanted, within limitations of climate and jet lag. After reviewing the suggestions, it became clear that readers wanted an article that incorporated big farming, small farming, sustainability, politics, poverty and, of course, truly delicious food — and in the United States, if possible. So I decided to head to the Central Valley, where all of this was already happening. This also happened to satisfy a curiosity of mine. From a desk in New York, it's impossible to fathom 50 m.p.h. carrots, hills of almonds, acres of basil and millions of tomatoes all ripening at once. How can all of this possibly work?
But I was also inclined to head to the valley because I know that, for the last century or so, we've been exploiting — almost without limitation — its water, mineral resources, land, air, people and animals. Mark Arax, a writer who lives in Fresno and has chronicled the region's past and present, offered his opinion while serving me and a dozen others marinated lamb, a terrific recipe from his Armenian family: "This land and its water have gone mostly to the proposition of making a few men very wealthy and consigning generations of others, especially farmworkers, to lives in the dust." I'd already seen an example of how wealth has been concentrated and captured in the valley: this summer, Campbell's bought Bolthouse Farms for $1.55 billion. Meanwhile, there are thousands of valley farmworkers who are often victims of wage-theft and (illegally) required to supply their own tools.
So for five days I drove through the southern half of the valley. I wanted to learn as much as I could about the agriculture in America's produce factory; where thoughtful farmers were leading it; and how — if at all — it might become sustainable.
I have driven through the valley numerous times, almost always on Interstate 5, where, like everyone else, I have had the experience of getting out of the car and being hit by what felt like a giant hairdryer blowing 120-degree, manure-scented air. Like many others, I've also pulled over to the side of the road and taken pictures of the Harris Ranch in Coalinga, which, if it isn't the largest feedlot in the country (capacity: 100,000 cows), is certainly the one with the most drive-bys.
The best way to enter the valley, though, is from the south, through the Tehachapi Pass, west of the Mojave and Edwards Air Force Base. Although the land is scarred by roads and electric lines, it's still easy to imagine what it looked liked 150 years ago. Not so Fresno, the center of the valley's agriculture industry about 110 miles to the north of Bakersfield. There the valley's problems are readily evident. Since 1970, the population has more than doubled to 6.8 million, virtually all of whom, it seems, drive (more often than not a Ford F-150). The air, trapped between mountain ranges, stinks, and the pollution is consistently ranked among the most severe in the country. Worse, there are so many cows nearby in megadairies and feedlots that the air contains microscopic particles of dried dung, enough so that you can taste it. I smelled it on my clothes when I unpacked each night and even brought it home with me. I have never carried Visine in my life, but there I was using it every half-hour.
Then there's the water and soil. On the west side of the valley, water is scarcer, and hundreds of thousands of acres can't be farmed because of salt buildups (the land is naturally salty) and selenium from irrigation drainwater. Tulare Lake, which was once the biggest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi, was drained long ago; now there's barely a trace of it. The San Joaquin River, the second longest within California and once among the best salmon-fishing rivers in the country, was dammed in the '40s and essentially drained for irrigation, 60 miles of a once-beautiful river run dry. (The Natural Resources Defense Council won a lawsuit that is re-establishing the flow of the San Joaquin.)
Then there's the toxic waste, meth labs and rampant unemployment, which is above 30 percent in some towns. One, Corcoran, bills itself as the "farm capital of the world," but it's actually the "famous-prisoner capital of the world." Charles Manson and Juan Corona — a schizophrenic who was convicted of murdering at least 25 farmworkers in 1971 — are both there. (Until recently, so was Sirhan Sirhan.) Low wages are compounded by wage theft and correspondingly high poverty levels. Fresno, Modesto and Bakersfield are three of the five poorest cities in the United States. The valley suffers from this, but it can be blamed for it in part, too.
This, and not the verdant hills of a Green Giant commercial, is where our food comes from. Part of the reason is the size and scope of production. Bolthouse farms and manages 60,000 acres, or more than four Manhattans, annually. Though nearly 15 percent of its production is organic, there is no way an operation of that size can avoid chemical fertilizers and pesticides. But the industrial farms don't have a monopoly on doing damage to the land. One day I visited the most unindustrial operation imaginable, a four-acre farm run by May Vu, a Hmong immigrant and former nurse. The valley is home to countless individual farmers like her who work a few acres in marginal land in and around Fresno, much of which was slated for development before the crash. Now it can be rented for around $400 an acre a year.
Vu grows what she believes she can sell locally. (The Hmong population is about 6 percent of that of Fresno, and a visit to a Hmong supermarket is breathtaking.) This includes squash (a kind that lasts for years on the shelf), several varieties of basil, tomatoes, herbs that I can't possibly recognize, okra, a few different eggplants, green beans, daikon, cabbages, cilantro, onion, long beans, chard, zinnia, sunflower, squash and more. This is post-green-revolution farming as it happens in much of the Third World, and there is something to be said for the independence it affords. But on farms like these, almost no one gives much thought to sustainability. It's too time-consuming; the primary goal is not sustaining the land but sustaining themselves. (Vu works seven 10-hour days a week.) It's also historically true that renters — especially those who move from plot to plot every half-dozen years as the Hmong do there — are bound to the land in general but have no ownership of any particular piece. Their mind-set is often to get as much as you can out of the land this year and don't worry about the next decade.
There must be, I thought (or fantasized) as I traveled through the valley, some movement toward pushing farmers, big and small, to produce decent food sustainably. Because if there's not, the valley's problems will only worsen, and we'd be complicit in destroying one of the country's greatest resources, one that has served us amazingly well until now. Indeed, I found a number of large farmers experimenting with sustainability and scale. John Diener's 4,500-acre Red Rock Ranch, in the west valley town of Five Points, uses mostly so-called conventional methods, but does so in creative and intelligent ways. Over all, his vision of big farming — minimizing chemical application, for example, and reducing tillage (turning over or otherwise disturbing the soil) — may point a way toward a future in which big-time farming can become more sustainable. Diener has also already instituted a system of mining (and even selling) minerals that he extracts — via a series of tiles under his farmland — after irrigation. This keeps local businesses from having to purchase minerals mined in more destructive ways.
Likewise, Keith Gardiner, the principal owner of Pacific Ag Management, farms about 10,000 acres of almond groves using plenty of conventional techniques. But the company is experimenting with solar energy to pump water and trying to reduce chemicals through an integrated pest management system. It was almond-harvest time when I visited Pacific Ag. In one field, Gardiner and Holly King, whose family land is farmed by the company, showed me a shaker, a squat four-wheel vehicle with a robotic arm that grabs the trunk of a tree and shakes it until the nuts fall to the ground. There they sit, drying for a week or so (the chances of rain are almost nil), until a sweeper comes along and gathers them. This is followed by a harvester, which scoops them into trucks that bring them to be hulled and shelled. The result is dozens of towering hills of almonds waiting to be processed and a small but growing mountain of shells.
It's not labor-free, but it's pretty easy compared with growing tomatoes or broccoli. And along with the fact that almond trees go for 25 years, it explains why so many valley farmers are turning to nuts. A decade ago, many analysts thought that the crop had reached its peak of one billion pounds. This year the harvest is something like two billion pounds, and farmers are still ripping out other crops and planting almonds. They're selling, too, if not here, then in China. The same is also true of grapes, which are feeding China's growing and extraordinary thirst for wine.
All of this made me wonder what, if anything, big farmers owe a society — not only in terms of what they do to their land but in terms of what they actually grow. The food that's grown in the valley may be copious, but it's not necessarily all that good. The fruits and vegetables at my breakfast buffet in Glendale were pretty much the same as the stuff I bought two weeks ago at a supermarket on Broadway. And though I ate well on my trip, I tasted plenty of produce that was grown to withstand a couple of weeks in transit and on the shelf.
Do we have a right to expect tomatoes that taste like tomatoes and to have them grown in sustainably? It might sound like a ridiculous question. These are for-profit enterprises operating on private land and dealing with the difficulties of distribution and the vagaries of the market. But it's not so outlandish to think we should have some collective say in what is farmed and how. After all, between 1862 and 1934, the Homestead Act transferred 10 percent of all land in the United States from federal to private control, and it's federal money that pays for much of the roads and irrigation systems that make farming in the valley so profitable.
I badly wanted to visit Tom and Denesse Willey in Madera, 25 miles northwest of Fresno. I'd met them over dinner at Mark Arax's house at the outset of my trip. (Denesse's plum cake was the best I've ever had.) The Willeys represent another part of valley culture that usually gets little credit: making a sizable organic farm work, with few compromises. It's true that 75 acres is small by Central Valley standards, but their model is important and their impact large: they have 800 families in their C.S.A., or community-supported agriculture, program, some of whom live 60 miles away. They have a largely year-round, full-time staff of 60, all of whom can qualify for vacations and a bonus pool. The Willeys farm 40 crops on their land, with a four-season rotation and customers from the Pacific to the Mississippi.
There are people who will tell you that the valley is all food production and no food culture, but that's not true at the Willeys' farm, where varieties are chosen for flavor and color — the overall look of the place is dazzling, almost psychedelic — as well as hardiness and productivity. When I arrived, Tom was struggling with a basil problem that showed me just how seriously he takes his produce. Basil is a huge crop for the farm — at four acres, it might be the biggest basil patch in the country — and downy mildew had attacked the crop. There were two 25-gallon garbage barrels of basil ready to be recycled. The bright green leaves looked gorgeous to me, but Willey deemed them unfit for sale.
We took a golf-cart ride in the afternoon heat, during which I admired Willey's tomatoes (6 acres), potatoes (25, in two crops), peppers (2), eggplant (4) and cool-weather crops like lettuce and artichokes. T & D Willey Farms is different from the valley's largest operations in four important ways. First, the farm averages nearly one worker per acre, a remarkable rate by industrial standards. Second, unlike other farms, their rotation allows them to offer year-round work. Third, the farm's land is replenished at or near the rate that it's being exploited. Perhaps most important are his superior crops. Though I arrived late in the season, I tasted Willey's tomatoes and eggplant, and they did for me what all the best California produce does: they made me want to farm. Or at least garden — but definitely in California.
The Willeys are pioneers in the organic (and fair) farm movement, and Tom is as articulate and committed a representative of it as I've found. He's unshakable in his belief in organic farming, though "we're all pioneers," he reminded me. "For 95 percent of history, we were hunter-gatherers. There's no reason to assume that agriculture of any kind will be successful in the long run."
Willey argues frequently with his friend Paul Buxman, who lives about 50 miles southeast, in Dinuba, and who has become gradually disillusioned with organics. After stints as a painter and a teacher, Buxman bought a majority of his 58-acre family farm from his father 30 years ago and went broke almost immediately. He survived, incredibly, by selling art, and now he is one of the best tree-fruit growers in the state. Part of the land he purchased had been contaminated by a once-popular soil-treatment chemical known as DBCP that was believed to double grape yields. That is, until it was shown to cause sterility and maybe worse. Health officials told Buxman that not only should he not use his groundwater on his crops but also that his family shouldn't wash in it, cook with it or breathe near it. Buxman's 32-year-old son, Wyeth, came down with leukemia when he was 3. Buxman became an organic farmer immediately.
But after a few years, Buxman came to believe that nonorganic chemicals can target problems more precisely and more accurately than organic ones and that it was time to leave "organic" behind. "An organic pesticide is still poisonous," he told me, over his fabulous biscuits, served with his (ditto) apricot jam.
There is, it's true, a spirit and letter of what's organic. What Tom and Denesse Willey do is organic in every sense of the word, but they're the exception. When consumers buy organic, they are guaranteed little more than food that is (in theory at least) produced without synthetic chemicals or G.M.O.'s (genetically modified organisms), and with some attention (again, in theory) to the health of the soil. They're not guaranteed fair treatment of laborers. They are not guaranteed a minimized carbon footprint or anything approaching local. (Organic vegetables, as you probably know, may come from China.) Nor, for that matter, are they guaranteed anything that tastes good.
"The public is tired of corporate food," Buxman said. "But the word 'organic' has been misused and usurped." Instead, Buxman devised a rating system called California Clean, which would allow for chemical fertilizers but exclude farms of more than 100 acres and require the farmer and his or her family to be the primary laborers. It would also require that produce be of high quality, with high nutrition, and would require that the farms had an active biology, including healthy soil, birds, worms and so on.
It hasn't caught on, and it may be imperfect, but Buxman's idea of splitting the difference between "organic" and "conventional" seems to me to point the way forward to a place beyond a simplistic label like "organic." Big farmers can be encouraged and taught — and perhaps incentivized — to use fewer and more precise pesticides, to reduce tillage and water use, to evaluate soil not only based on output but on health. The biggest beneficiary, of course, is the land, but the health of workers, animals, the environment and consumers are all important considerations as well. And in the valley right now, not much attention has been paid to them.
No matter what, though, it seems as if the valley is eventually going to become less productive. In fact, that's already happening. Development and contamination have taken land out of production. And disproportionate swaths are being devoted to grape and almond farming solely because those crops can be reliably processed and profitably shipped to China. There are pioneers in the valley, people working to figure out ways to make their style of farming — whether big or small — work over the long term. But beyond the profit motive, there is little public support or encouragement for them or their ideas and no way for consumers or even officials to know whom to support. As a result, our land use and, to a considerable extent, our diet are dependent on the hunches and whims of landowners. If we want a system of farming that's sustainable on all levels, we have to think about a national food and farming policy. And as I was looking out at Buxman's amazing land, it occurred to me just how amazing it is that we don't have one.


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Patrick McCarney
|Assistant Coach
Patrick McCarney begins his eighth season as the assistant coach for the men's soccer program.
A 1993 graduate of the University of Vermont, McCarney has lived in Connecticut since 1995. Before joining the men's program, He was an assistant coach with the Southeast Soccer Club. Prior to this, McCarney was the head coach at Stonington High School for eight years during which the team won three ECC Medium Division titles and went 74-56-9.
McCarney is a social studies teacher at Stonington High School; he lives in Pawcatuck with his wife, Kate, and his three children.

subset: commoncrawl


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{Illustration facing page 12: THE SIGNS OF THE GRADES.
These are arranged as ten panels: * * * * * * * * * *
These are all halftone photos of a single human in a black Tau robe,
barefoot with hood completely closed over the face. The hood displays a six-pointed figure
on the forehead --- presumably the radiant eye of Horus of the A ∴ A ∴, but the
rendition is too poor in detail. There is a cross pendant over the heart. The ten panels
are numbered in white in the upper left, but the numerals are very dim even in the Ist
edition (some blurred out entirely in the Weiser edition). The panels are identified by
two columns of numbered captions, 1 to 6 to the left and 7 to 10 to the right. The
description is bottom to top and left to right:
"1. Earth: the god Set fighting." Frontal figure. Rt. foot pointed to the fore and angled slightly outward with weight on ball of foot. Lf. heel touching Rt. heel and foot pointed left. Arms form a diagonal with body, right above head and in line with left at waist height. Hands palmer and open with fingers outstretched and together. Head erect.
"2. Air: The god Shu supporting the sky." Frontal. Heels together and slightly angled apart to the front, flat on floor. Head down. Arms angled up on either side of head about head 1.5 ft. from head to wrist and crooked as if supporting a ceiling just at head height with the finger tips. The palms face upward and the backs of the hands away from the head. Thumbs closed to side of palms. Fingers straight and together.
"3. Water: the goddess Auramoth." Same body and foot position as #2, but head erect. Arms are brought down over the chest so that the thumbs touch above the heart and the backs of the hands are to the front. The fingers meet below the heart, forming between thumbs and fingers the descending triangle of water.
"4. Fire: the goddess Thoum-aesh-neith." Frontal. Head and body like #3. Arms are angled so that the thumbs meet in a line over the brow. Palmer side facing. Fingers meet above head, forming between thumbs and fingers the ascending triangle of fire.
"5,6. Spirit: the rending and closing of the veil." Head erect in both. #5 has the same body posture as #1, except that the left and right feet are countercharged and flat on the floor. Arms and hands are crooked forward at shoulder level such that the hands appear to be clawing open a split veil --- hands have progressed to a point that the forearms are invisible, being directly pointed at the front. Upper arms are flat and horizontal in the plain of the image. #6. has the same body posture as #1, feet in same position as #1 but flat to the floor. The arms are elbow down against abdomen, with hands forward over heart in claws such that the knuckles are touching. Passing from #5 to #6 or vice versa is done by motion of shoulders and rotation of wrists. This is different from the other sign of opening the veil, the Sign of the Enterer, with is done with hands flat palm to palm and then spread without rotation of wrists.
"7-10. The L V X signs."
"7. + Osiris slain --- the cross." Body and feet as in #2. Head bowed. Arms directly horizontal from the shoulders in the plane of the image. Hands with fingers together, thumbs to side of palm and palmer side forward. The tau shape of the robe dominates the image.
"8. L Isis mourning --- the Svastica." The body is in semi-profile, head down slightly and facing right of photograph. The arms, hands, legs and feet are positioned to define a swastika. Left foot flat, carrying weight and angled toward the right of the photo. Right foot toe down behind the figure to the left in the photo. Right upper arm due left in photo and forearm vertical with fingers closed and pointing upward. Left arm smoothly canted down to the right of photo, with fingers closed and pointed down.
"9. V Typhon --- the Trident." Figure frontal and standing on tip toe, toes forward and heals not touching. Head back. Arms angled in a "V" with the body to the top and outward in the plain of the photo. Fingers and thumbs as #7, but continuing the lines of the arms.
"10. X Osiris risen --- the Pentagram." Body and feet as in #7. Head directly frontal and level. Arms crossed over heart, right over left with hands extended, fingers closed and thumb on side such that the palms rest on the two opposite shoulders.}
(In another book will it be treated of the Expansion and Contraction of Consciousness; progress by slaying the Chakkrams; progress by slaying the Pairs of Opposites; the methods of Sabhapaty Swami, &c., &c.)
In both the above practices all consciousness of anything but the God-form and name should be absolutely blotted out; and the longer it takes for normal perception to return, the better. {18}
(i) Touching the forehead say Ateh (Unto Thee).
(ii) Touching the breast say Malkuth (The Kingdom).
(iii) Touching the right shoulder, say ve-Geburah (and the Power).
(iv) Touching the left shoulder, say ve-Gedulah (and the Glory).
(v) Clasping the hands upon the breast, say le-Olahm, Amen (To the Ages, Amen).
(vi) Turning to the East make a pentagram (that of Earth) with the proper weapon (usually the Wand). Say (i.e. vibrate) I H V H.
(vii) Turning to the South, the same, but say A D N I.
(viii) Turning to the West, the same, but say A H I H.
(ix) Turning to the North, the same, but say A G L A.
Pronounce: Ye-ho-wau, Ad�nai, Eheieh, Agla.
(x) Extending the arms in the form of a Cross say:
(xi) Before me Raphael;
(xii) Behind me Gabriel;
(xiii) On my right hand Michael.
(xiv) On my left hand Auriel;
(xv) For about me flames the Pentagram,
(xvi) And in the Column stands the six-rayed Star.
(xvii-xxi) Repeat (i) to (v), the Qabalistic Cross. {19}
The Pentagrams are traced in the air with the sword or other weapon, the
spoken aloud, and the signs used, as illustrated.
The Signs of the Portal (see Illustrations): Extend the hands in front of you, palms outwards, separate them as if in the act of rending asunder a veil or curtain (actives), and then bring them together as if closing it up again and let them fall to the side (passives).
(The Grade of the "Portal" is particularly attributed to the element of
Spirit; it refers to the Sun; the Paths of s, n, and u, are attributed to this degree.<
{20} The signs of 4 Degree = 7 Square: Raise the arms above the head and join the hands, so that the tips of the fingers and of the thumbs meet, formulating a triangle (See illustration).
(The Grade of 4 Degree = 7 Square is particularly attributed to the element Fire; it refers to the planet Venus; the paths of q, x, and p are attributed to this degree. For other attributions see "777" lines 7 and 31).
The signs of 3 Degree = 8 Square: Raise the arms till the elbows are on a level with the shoulders, bring the hands across the chest, touching the thumbs and tips of fingers so as to form a triangle apex downwards. ("See" illustration).
(The Grade of 3 Degree = 8 Square is particularly attributed to the element of Water; it refers to the planet Mercury; the paths of r and c are attributed to this degree. For other attributions see "777", lines 8 and 23).
The signs of 2 Degree = 9 Square: Stretch both arms upwards and outwards, the elbows bent at right angles, the hands bent back, the palms upwards as if supporting a weight. (See illustration). {21}
(The Grade of 2 Degree = 9 Square is particularly attributed to the element Air; it refers to the Moon; the path of t is attributed to this degree. For other attributions see "777" lines 9 and 11).
The Sign of 1 Degree = 10 Square: Advance the right foot, stretch out the right hand upwards and forwards, the left hand downwards and backwards, the palms open.
(The Grade of 1 Degree = 10 Square is particularly attributed to the element of Earth, See "777" lines 10 and 32 bis).
This ritual is to be performed after the "Lesser Ritual of the Pentagram".
(i) Stand upright, feet together, left arm at side, right across body, holding the wand or other weapon upright in the median line. Then face East and say:
(ii) I.N.R.I.
Yod. Nun. Resh. Yod.
Virgo, Isis, Mighty Mother.
Scorpio, Apophis, Destroyer.
Sol, Osiris, Slain and Risen.
Isis, Apophis, Osiris, IAO. {22}
(iii) Extend the arms in the form of a cross, and say: "The Sign of Osiris Slain." (See Illustration).
(iv) Raise the right arm to point upwards, keeping the elbow square, and lower the left arm to point downwards, keeping the elbow square, while turning the head over the left shoulder looking down so that the eyes follow the left forearm, and say, "The Sign of the Mourning of Isis." (See Illustration).
(v) Raise the arms at an angle of sixty degrees to each other above the head, which is thrown back, and say, "The Sign of Apophis and Typhon." (See Illustration).
(vi) Cross the arms on the breast, and bow the head and say, "The Sign of Osiris Risen." (See Illustration).
(vii) Extend the arms again as in (iii) and cross them again as in (vi) saying: "L.V.X., Lux, the Light of the Cross".
(viii) With the magical weapon trace the Hexagram of Fire in the East, saying,
"Ararita" (a t y r a r a). Which Word consists of the
initials of a sentence which means "One is His Beginning: One is His Individuality:
His Permutation is One."
This hexagram consists of two equilateral triangles, both apices pointed upwards. Begin at the top of the upper {23} triangle and trace it in a dextro-rotary direction. The top of the lower triangle should coincide with the central point of the upper triangle.
(ix) Trace the Hexagram of Earth in the South, saying "ARARITA."
This Hexagram has the apex of the lower triangle pointing downwards, and it should be
capable of inscription in a circle.
(x) Trace the Hexagram of Air in the West, saying "ARARITA." This Hexagram is like that of Earth; but the bases of the triangles coincide, forming a diamond.
(xi) Trace the hexagram of Water in the North, saying "ARARITA."
This hexagram has the lower triangle placed above the upper, so that their apices
(xii) Repeat (i-vii)
The Banishing Ritual is identical, save that the direction of the Hexagrams must be reversed. {24}
To invoke or banish planets or zodiacal signs.
The Hexagram of Earth alone is used. Draw the hexagram,
beginning from the point which is attributed to the planet you are dealing with. (See "777" col. lxxxiii).
Thus to invoke Jupiter begin from the right-hand point of the lower triangle, dextro-rotary and complete; then trace the upper triangle from its left hand point and complete.
Trace the astrological sigil of the planet in the centre of your hexagram.
For the Zodiac use the hexagram of the planet which rules the {25) sign you require ("777", col. cxxxviii); but draw the astrological sigil of the sign, instead of that of the planet.
For Caput and Cauda Draconis use the lunar hexagram, with the sigil of Caput Draconis or Cauda Draconis.
To banish, reverse the hexagram.
In all cases use a conjuration first with Ararita, and next with the name of the God corresponding to the planet or sign you are dealing with.
The Hexagrams pertaining to the planets are as in plate on preceding page.
2. These rituals should be practised until the figures drawn appear in flame, in flame so near to physical flame that it would perhaps be visible to the eyes of a bystander, were one present. It is alleged that some persons have attained the power of actually kindling fire by these means. Whether this be so or not, the power is not one to be aimed at.
3. Success in "banishing" is known by a "feeling of cleanliness" in the atmosphere; success in "invoking" by a "feeling of holiness." It is unfortunate that these terms are so vague.
But at least make sure of this: that any imaginary figure or being shall instantly obey the will of the student, when he uses the appropriate figure. In obstinate cases, the form of the appropriate God may be assumed.
4. The banishing rituals should be used at the commencement of any ceremony whatever. Next, the student should use a general invocation, such as the "Preliminary Invocation" in the "Goetia" as well as a special invocation to suit the nature of his working.
5. Success in these verbal invocations is so subtle a {26} matter, and its grades so delicately shaded, that it must be left to the good sense of the student to decide whether or not he should be satisfied with his result.
* This in case of failure. The results of success are so many and wonderful that no effort is here made to describe them. They are classified, tentatively, in the "Herb Dangerious," Part II., infra.
Let him sink (when no longer can he strive, though his tongue by bitten through with the effort and the blood gush from his nostrils) into the blackness of unconsciousness; and then, on coming to himself, let him write down soberly and accurately a record of all that hath occurred, yea a record of all that hath occurred.
[A book of Elementary Invocations is in preparation, and will be issued in Number 3.]


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By John Coyne
Special to ARMCHAIR GOLF
IN HIS HISTORY OF THE PGA, Gerald Astor tells how Fred Corcoran first met George May behind the 18th green during the USGA amateur championship at Winged Foot. Then at a banquet celebrating the 1940 Chicago Open played at the Tam O'Shanter Club, May, the president and principal owner of the club, announced the prize money for the following year would be bumped from $5000 to $11,000, settling it a notch above the $10,000 offered by Los Angeles and Miami for their Opens. May further surprised the audience by declaring admission prices would be slashed to the level of grandstand seats at the ballpark, $1.10.
May did much more to cause excitement at his tournaments. He had pros shoot from the front tees; lower scores, he reasoned, would impress people. His first four-day tournament drew 41,000, including 23,000 on the final day.
May was also ahead of his time — and the PGA Tour's time — in ways besides prize money. He held concurrent events for amateurs and women professionals. He invited foreign players to his tournaments, and Roberto De Vicenzo, Flory Van Donck, Peter Thomson and Bobby Locke all played at Tam.
It was at May's tournament that African-Americans pros were allowed to play in a PGA event. Ted Rhodes and Bill Spiller teed up with the white pros, as did Joe Lewis, who, May said, qualified because of his boxing record. Some say, that it was because of May's tournament that the PGA first enacted the Caucasian-only clause in their bylaws to keep blacks off the tour.
George May: The P.T. Barnum of Professional Golf
The Telecast That Changed Golf
John Coyne is the author of The Caddie Who Knew Ben Hogan and The Caddie Who Played with Hickory. Learn more at John Coyne Books.
Tuesday, May 5
George May: The P.T. Barnum of Professional Golf (Part 2)
2 comments:
Interesting man...if the economy stays in the tank for a while, the Tour is going to need someone like him to hold on to the sponsors and draw the people in.
- The Armchair Golfer said...
May was ahead of his time, a true innovator. He probably would have some novel ideas for times like these.
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Politics as Inspiration
"We would have liked to do something similar long ago, but it would have landed us right in jail," says Selim Tlili, sitting on the terrace of a café in La Marsa, a suburb of Tunis, sipping a glass of tea.
From here, it is not far to one of the houses owned by the Trabelsi's, the family of Zein El Abidine Ben Ali's wife Leila. It was looted on 14 January and partially burnt down. Together with his artist friend Jaye, Tlili spent four days decorating the exterior of the house with metre-high graffiti. The words "Amour, Gloire et Beauté" (love, glory, and beauty) can be read in French, next to an image of a football player making an elegant overhead kick with a ball shaped like the head of the overthrown president.
Football fans were the first who dared to publically criticise Ben Ali's police state, explains Tlili. "Even when their criticism wasn't always consciously political, these people deserve respect."
"The flussocratie is finished," is emblazoned in Arabic next to the football player. It is a triple play on words, as flussocratie means the reign of money, but can also be translated as money and chairs. Tlili and Jaye no longer wish to see corruption and political posts for a lifetime in the new Tunisia.
Symbolic revenge
"I was always free in my art," explains Tlili. Yet, gallery owners either refused to show or demanded different titles for some of his political works in order to avoid problems with the authorities. Once, Tlili was asked to paint a portrait of Ben Ali. He refused and was harassed by the police from that point on.
"It was never anything specific, just all kinds of trifles. But every roadside check was used to hassle me," he reports. Tlili is certain that if he didn't also have French citizenship in addition to Tunisian, he wouldn't have gotten off so lightly.
Making the graffiti on the house of the president's family was almost like going through psychotherapy for Tlili. He says that it gave him the opportunity to take symbolic revenge against the president. "While we were spraying, a neighbour came by and she said to us, 'You have taken something horrible and made something beautiful.' That was a wonderful moment."
Art as a kind of therapy – this is also how the drawings of Nadia Khiari came into being. The evening before 14 January, as Ben Ali was holding his last television speech and the whole of Tunisia sat tensely at home because of a curfew, she began to draw small caricatures. What emerged was a cat, commenting on current events.
"At first, this was simply a way for me to relieve the stress." Sometimes the city's stray cats call for a demonstration, because there is nothing more to eat from garbage bins. Instead, they are only filled with burnt documents. Another time, a cat gets riled up about a court ruling on censorship of pornographic Internet sites. "You can't take away my freedom to get an erection."
Nadia Khiari's provocative drawings are not always appreciated. "Nothing is sacred for me. I don't try to hurt anyone, but I allow myself the freedom to poke fun at everything."
Inspiration in the taxi
At the urging of friends, she posted her drawings on Facebook under the pseudonym "Willis from Tunis." Within a few days, her fan base mushroomed. Since then, the brash and blunt virtual cat, who bears the same name as Nadia's real house cat, has around ten thousand fans.
Khiari has already independently published a book of selected caricatures and organized an exhibition in her gallery Artyshow, located in a suburb of Tunis. Khiari finds her inspiration in daily life, in conversations with taxi drivers, students, newspaper vendors, and her neighbour.
Although she exhibited her work before the revolution as well, she could only convey criticism in a very subtle way. "An exhibition called 'Slumberland' and a picture titled 'Local Anaesthetic' can be understood by those who want to understand. It wasn't possible to go much further than that."
Nadia Khiari is pleased that there is finally movement in the young art scene in Tunis after the revolution. "I have met so much young talent making excellent work. None of them had dared to go public before the revolution."
Almost the only person who published political caricatures during the rule of Ben Ali did so anonymously under the pseudonym Z. Since 2007, his blog "Debatunisie" has featured writings and drawings critical of the regime.
Before the revolution, evil was out in the open
"My motivation was anger – against the political system." Z's trademark was biting caricatures portraying President Ben Ali and his family, which were quickly subject to censorship. From the patronage and corruption of the Ben Ali and Trabelsi families to the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi – Tunisian politics offered the anonymous illustrator more than enough material.
From the very start, Z intentionally wrote in French in order to reach a broader public. "I had the impression that no one abroad really understood what was taking place in Tunisia or the extent of the suppression."
Even though Ben Ali is no longer on the political stage, Z's mission is far from over. He continues to observe his country's path towards democracy with a good dose of black humour.
"The achievement of the dictatorship: The police learn to engage in dialogue with citizens" stands above a drawing of a policeman who gives a demonstrator a bloody nose and then immediately apologizes in the name of the Interior Ministry.
"Of course, I found it simpler before the revolution – evil was very easy to identify. The situation after 14 January has become far more opaque. It is extremely difficult to judge who is honest and who is merely attempting to profit from the situation."
This is also why he doesn't intend on revealing his identity. "It is impossible to know how democracy will develop in Tunisia or whether we will soon have an Islamist government or even a new dictatorship."
Sarah Mersch
© Deutsche Welle 2011
Editors: Arian Fariborz, Lewis Gropp/Qantara.de


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monk necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 20 diseños de 11 diseñadores freelance.
Hi, The University of Jesus is a program designed to get people reading the Bible.
We employ a special Bible called the 90 Day Bible which takes you from beginning to end in 90 days.
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1) Movement reflecting wind
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- no suits no ties
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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The two firms reported on Wednesday that the deputy president of the ANC, Ramaphosa, will be quitting the boards.
Ramaphosa was elected ANC president Jacob Zuma's deputy at the party's 53rd national conference in Mangaung in December and said at the time he would consequently be reviewing his various business interests.
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Lonmin crisis
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During the course of the Farlam commission of inquiry into the killings, it was revealed that Ramaphosa sent emails to government ministers and Lonmin management asking for action against the protesting miners.
"Basically all it boils down to is that prior to the killing of the 34 people by police guns, 10 people had died and some of them had died in the most brutal way," he told CNN host Christiane Amanpour in an interview.
"They had died in what I still see as a 'criminal' way … I was appealing to the authorities to take action to prevent further deaths," added Ramaphosa, who was the first general secretary of the National Union of Mineworkers and chaired the Constitutional Assembly in 1994. – Reuters


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By Mohammad Noor Zraiqat
It's not uncommon to hear about financial institutions being investigated by regulators for a variety of misdeeds.
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Thus, the service will be like an Internet banking service that uses the mobile phone instead of the Internet.
This service poses AML/CTF risks, but it's strictly overseen due to regulations and surveillance deployed by banks and securities companies.
In addition, the outsourcing business keeps the door opened for additional risks for non-face-to-face account opening procedures.
Additional risks may occur when the bank pools the funds into one account held in the name of mobile payment provider.
3. Mobile payments. These allow nonbank accountholders to make payments for their purchase, utility bills, or services using their mobile phones. For this service, the mobile payment providers play the role of a financial institution. Using the mobile phone as a prepaid card or an electronic purse form a risk for AML/CTF.
4. Mobile money. With this service, the subscriber may store money in the mobile phone and may make payments or transfers through his/her phone. This poses an extreme risk due to lack of regulations and oversight.
As shown above, AML/CTF risks associated with mobile payment/money services threaten the country's systems and weakens the mobile payment provider's reputation.
Following are some recommended best practices that will help to mitigate AML/CTF risks associated for both countries and mobile payment providers.
Next: Regulatory framework and legislations


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In many cases, we acquire our domain names through auction on different marketplaces. We also identify valuable domain names that are about to expire and backorder them (order them in advance) to acquire them when they drop. We also purchase domain names from their owners and then resell them.
Yes. If you need guidance on redirection, this is something we do free of charge after you have purchased the domain. All it takes is a 5-minute phone support session and we provide you with step by step directions on how to redirect your domain.
We have a large number of satisfied buyers who have acquired domains from us. You can see some of the domains we have sold recently on the "Our Clients" page. As stated above, we transfer the domain to your Godaddy or NameSilo account within minutes. In some cases, we may also transfer the domain name before you make payment, provided you can make payment right after the transfer. This will depend on whether you are a business owner with a verifiable online presence.


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- Additional Property Details
- Lot: Under 1/4 Acre
- Pool: No
- Building: 2 Stories
- Exterior: Back Yard Access, Porch
- Flooring: Carpet, Tile
- Landscaping: Desert Landscaping
- Garage: Attached
- High School: Desert Oasis
eXp Realty
(702) 328-1131
I love making a deal come together and have been serving the Las Vegas real estate market since 2004. I have worked in appreciating markets and declining markets, each one needs a different approach and mindset. What you can count on with me is Honesty - Integrity - Service.Susie Bigelow Susie Bigelow Real Estate Agent, eXp Realty
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Whether you're buying or selling a home, need guidance on mortage options or would like to discuss the real estate market in your area, we would love to hear from you.
7713 Pista Way Las Vegas, Nevada 89179 is a courtesy listing of Jamie A Griffin at Griffin Group Realty


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The RIAA and MPAA have proposed an amendment to a bill in California that would allow the two industries to use deceptive practices known as pretexting to misrepresent themselves when dealing with businesses, according to a report in the L.A. Times. The music and movie industries argue that they need to be able to use pretexting methods in order to enforce their intellectual property rights.
President Bush signed into law a federal anti-pretexting bill this January, entitled the Telephone Records and Privacy Protection Act of 2006. The law bans anyone from "knowingly and intentionally" obtaining the phone records of a third party by misrepresenting themselves. Violators of the law face fines and jail time. The FCC also just released a new set of rules last week with the goal of strengthening consumer privacy. The rules include phone carriers not being allowed to release information to a customer without a password and immediate notification to the customer upon changing account information, notification of unauthorized disclosure, and modification of consent rules for carriers to disclose information to a partner. However, the federal law and the new FCC rules only addresses phone records and not other personal information, which is what the bill in California hopes to cover with the bill introduced in February of this year.
Under California's SB 328, "any information that identifies, relates to, describes, or is capable of being associated with, a particular individual" would be illegal to obtain by pretexting. This would include (but not be limited to) the individual's name, signature, social security number, physical characteristics, address, telephone calling pattern record or list, passport number, driver's license or state identification card number, insurance policy number, education, employment, employment history, bank account number, credit card number, debit card number, or any other financial information.
The RIAA and MPAA feel that the proposed bill is too broad and would undermine the industries' efforts to crack down on bootleggers and pirates. "While we commend the goal of this bill, we must oppose unless amended because as currently drafted it would gut our ability to investigate piracy—criminal acts under California law," an RIAA spokesperson told Ars Technica. "Understandably, however, these individuals don't identify themselves as RIAA investigators when trying to buy a counterfeit CD or gathering information on a pirate operation either—to do so would obviously defeat the effort from the onset. We've suggested amendatory language but are certainly open to other suggestions."
The industries' proposed amendment to the bill itself is rather broad, suggesting that any owner of intellectual property or trade secrets should be able to use "pretexting or other investigative techniques to obtain personal information about a customer or employee." Buckles maintains that the RIAA would never want to gain access to customer information, but under the broad wording of the amendment, other companies, organizations, or individuals with copyrights could do so very easily as long as they don't violate the current federal law in requesting phone records.
The MPAA argued this same angle once before against another Californian pretexting bill last year, saying that they needed to be able to pose as someone else in order to catch pirates. They succeeded at that time in killing the bill, just before the HP pretexting scandal came to light. Since then, the federal law against pretexting to obtain phone records was passed, making the public much more aware of the privacy violations involved in allowing pretexting practices to continue.
The bill was amended yesterday with some changes to the definition of personal records and what constitutes a "customer," but did not include the RIAA's proposed addition to the bill.


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Configuration: General Info
Posted by , Last modified by Robert Papalid on 30 October 2019 08:55 AM
Use the Web Builder Configuration page (figures 1, 2 and 3) to define the general site-wide settings for your website. While website configuration is usually completed before anything else, you can always return here to make necessary changes. General definitions and tips can be found by moving your mouse over the question marks next to each field. Once you have made a change to the Web Builder Configurations, click the button at the bottom of the form.
You can get to the Web Builder Configuration section by logging into your website's admin section and clicking on the "Config" link in the top menu of options.
(figure 1)
Configuration: Admin Email Address
Configuration: Date Format
Configuration: Default Home Page
Configuration: Default Template
Configuration: General Info
Configuration: Language
Configuration: Maximum Menu Item Length
Configuration: Navigation Clues
Configuration: SEO Friendly
Configuration: Sub-menu Options
Configuration: Time Format
Configuration: Website Footer
Configuration: Website Logo
Configuration: Website Name
Configuration: Website Slogan
Configuration: WYSIWYG Editor