text:
On March 6, 1970, several Weatherman gathered in the basement of a four-story Greenwich Village townhouse, preparing for an upcoming dynamite attack on an officer's dance at Fort Dix, New Jersey. Due to an improperly attached wire, the townhouse exploded. Three Weathermen were killed, including Ayers' then-girlfriend Diana Oughton. Over the next few months the rest of the organization went into hiding.
The townhouse explosion deeply affected the organization, now renamed the Weather Underground Organization (WUO). The WUO still bombed buildings, but they always made sure to issue warnings beforehand to prevent injury. In 1971, they detonated several small bombs around the U.S. Capitol, in protest of the U.S. invasion of Laos. Several more followed: the 1972 Pentagon bombing (for the U.S. bombing of Hanoi); the 1973 bombing of ITT Headquarters in New York (protesting the government-backed coup in Chile); and the 1975 bombing of the U.S. Department of State (escalation in Vietnam).
By 1973, the FBI had launched a full-scale manhunt for the Weather Underground's most wanted members, but was scuttled when the CIA admitted it had conducted illegal investigations. Even the "Days of Rage" arrests were largely dropped because the Chicago Police Department had conducted searches without obtaining warrants.
It's cute to watch the press lie for Barack and that's Claire Suddath doing her part with "The Weather Underground" (Time magazine). She fails to note 1979 was when the last charges were dropped or that Bill Ayers rich daddy bought off Chicago and did so repeatedly while Bill and Bernardine were hiding out. It's always hilarious when Richard Daley speaks up for Bill Ayers. Richard, like his father, is nothing but pure greed. If Ayers' father wasn't rich, he would have gone to jail the way others in Weather did.
Speaking of lies, Anita Dunn is the liar of the week. She's taken the "he was only eight years old!" lie and is now insisting "he was only seven-years-old!" Liar.
I know everyone hates Diane Rehm after the primaries. No problem. The shaky voiced fool brought it on herself. She lied over and over during her 'coverage.' She lied for Barack non-stop and slimed Hillary every chance she got. Last week she and E.J. Dionne were lying on Sarah Palin. I heard about that on a photo shoot today. Some idiot Barack supporter called in to her show last Friday. He said Sarah Palin had talked about 'our friends' "Maliki and Talibani" and the caller was going on how about she didn't know anything and the Taliban was our enemy. Diane didn't correct him and E.J. ran with it. Talabani, pay attention LIAR DIANE REHM, is Jalal Talabani. He is the president of Iraq.
What a tired old fool Diane Rehm is. Her old ass needs to be shoved out the plane with a golden parachute so she can dotter and dither away from the public airwaves. She's nothing but a LIAR.
I laughed so hard at that story but didn't believe it. Then I got back and pulled up her archives. Sure enough, some guy named Joe called in and there was Diane handing off to E.J. so he could run with it.
Who's the idiot? I would say Diane and E.J. if they didn't know that Talabani was the president of Iraq. But the fact of the matter is, when you've got two liars together, it's really hard to excuse their lies under stupidity.
But the NPR ombudsperson should take it up and if Diane wants to claim she was unaware that Iraq's president was Talabani, they should use that as the excuse to get her tired, old ass out the door.
This is Sarah Palin speaking to reporters today about Ayers and Barack, "It's relevant to connect that association he has with Ayers, not so much he as a person Ayers, but the whole situation and the truthfulness and the judgment there that you must question if again he's not being forthright in all of his answers. It makes you wonder about the forthrightness, the truthfulness of the plans he's telling Americans with regards to the economic recovery."
I agree with her. There are two parts. There was his decision to become friends with Ayers. That friendship isn't the end of the world. But there is his deceit and repeated attempts to obscure the relationship.
Closing with C.I.'s "Iraq snapshot:"
Tuesday, October 7, 2008. Chaos and violence continue, the US military announces another death, tensions escalate between Turkey and northern Iraq, Barack tries to scramble away from another friend, and more.
As of last weekend, Poland is now officially out of Iraq. The 'coalition' continues to shrink.
Reuters reports Zoran Kojanovski, Macedonia's Defence Minister, declared today that his country's will leave at the end of the year and he stated, "Their mission is over and local authorities there are capable of running their own territory."
From who's leaving to what's going on. The law for provincial elections? Leila Fadel knew what was what but no one else did. Dropping back to Friday's snapshot:In Iraq today . . . confusion. Corinne Reilly (McClatchy Newspapers) reports that the presidency council "has agreed to approve a long-delayed law that will allow most of the country to hold provincial elections early next year, officials said Friday." However, China's Xinhua reports that the "presidential council had not approved the provincial election law passed by the parliament, local media reported Friday." Al Jazeera does not say that they have agreed to pass it, Al Jaezeera states that it is passed. AP also states it has passed and, in fact, signed into law by Iraqi President Jalal Talabani: "Firyad Rawndouzi, a Kurdish lawmaker, told The Associated Press that the three-member panel led by President Jalal Talabani had signed the law Friday and asked the parliament 'to solve the minorities problem'." Article 50 issue was never addressed. It is the one that has been called out by everyone from Iraqi Christians to Moqtada al-Sadr and puts minority representation at risk. Nouri al-Maliki did express some public statements and there is said to have been concern on the part of the presidency council. But if it's signed, it's the law. The Parliament can try to fix it but the law is what was signed by Talabani.
Saturday Sam Dagher (New York Times) reported: "Meanwhile, Iraq's presidency council, made up of the president and his two deputies, issued a statement Friday saying the body had ratified a provincial election law that the Parliament passed 10 days ago. This paves the way for local elections . . ." Today Erica Goode and Stephen Farrell (New York Times) declare, "The law, passed on Sept. 24, still requires the approval of a three-member presidential panel led by President Jalal Talabani before it can take effect, clearing the way for elections to be held in most of the country early next year." Leila Fadel (McClatchy Newspapers) explained it yesterday, "That evening a petition of 50 parliament members demanded the law back from the presidency council, lawmakers said. They would add the article to the law before the council decided to pass or reject it." It had not been passed. Despite claims to the contrary. Reuters states today, "Iraq's president and vice presidents have formally approved a long-awaited provincial elections law, paving the way for the vote to take place by Jan. 31 next year." And that the council asked the Parliament to restore Article 50 (minority represenations).
And attempting to cite 'progress' in Iraq today, the State Dept ran into a few problems. Reuters reports US Dept Secretary of State John Negroponte's Green Zone based press conference was the site of a mortar attack shortly before the press conference began. Negroponte was the topic of interest at the US State Dept press briefing yesterday held by Deputy spokeperson Robert Wood who delcared of Negroponte's visit, "The Deputy Secretary -- as you know, he was an Ambassador there. He goes from time to time to check on how things are going on the ground in Iraq. Obviously, the SOFA and the strategic framework agreement will come up in the conversations, but he's not necessarilly there to negotiate. But it's not unusual for the Deputy Secretary to go to Iraq." The press pointed out that the treaty had to be in place by December 31st (when the UN mandate authorizing the occupation ends) and that the White House promised the treaty would be completed in July. Wood replied, "No, I understand your point. You know, this is a -- we're talking about a very complex agreement. This is something that many in the Administration have been working hard on. As you know, there's a team from the United States that's there and that's been working hard on these negotiations. But, yeah, the fact that it slipped, you know, these things happen. But it's important that we get a good agreement for both Iraq and the United States -- you know, one that obviously allows us to operate there in a legal framework and also that upholds Iraqi sovereignty. And those are two very important issues for us." Today CBS and AP cite Hoshyar Zebari, Iraq's Foreign Minister, stating that the US and the puppet government are "very close" to finalizing a treaty. Zebari was speaking at the same press conference as Negorponte. Deborah Haynes (Times of London) quotes Zebari stating of the treaty, "This issue needs, I think, some bold political decisions. And we are at that stage. And that's why I suggested that soon you and your colleagues will see hectic political meetings here in Baghdad on this issue to determine the fate of the agreement." Jeffrey Fleishman (Los Angeles Times) adds this perspective, "The negotiations come at critical times for both nations. The emboldened Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri Maliki, determined to show he is independent of Washington, wants more control over security and is insisting on an American troop withdrawal by the end of 2011. The U.S. is facing a widening financial crisis at home and a public growing wary of the high costs of keeping more than 146,000 soldiers in Iraq."
While the same statements continue to be made, conflicts continue between Turkey and the northern region of Iraq. Monday Ellen Knickmeyer (Washington Post) reported on the air raids Turkey launched Sunday following the deaths of 15 Turkish soldiers. Monday Ibon Villelabeitia (Reuters) reported Turkey continued air strikes. The Turkish Press reports that Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Prime Minister of Turkey, declared today that "cross-border operations" would continue. Huriyet quotes him stating, "The sole target of a possible cross-border operation will be the terrorist organization" and that, "The best choice for the regional administration of northern Iraq is to cooperate with us against terrorist elements because the terrorist organization is a cause of regional unrest and tension." Asked about Turkey and the Kurdish PKK on Monday, the State Dept' Robert Wood stated, "Look, the PKK is a terrorist organization. We want to see it go out of business. That's been very clear. And, you know, we've obviously conemned the attack and expressed our concolences to the people of Turkey." In this morning's press briefing, Wood was asked if the US was sharing intelligence with Turkey and he replied, "Well, we do cooperate with the Turks on intelligence with regard to dealing with the PKK. We have good cooperation. We also have good cooperation with Iraqis as well in dealing with some of these issues with regards to the Kurds."
Turning to some of the other reported violence . . .
Mohammed Al Dulaimy (McClatchy Newspapers) reports 2 Baghdad car bombings that left five wounded and a Mosul car bombing that claimed 2 lives and left ten people wounded.
Mohammed Al Dulaimy (McClatchy Newspapers) reports 1 "shop owner" shot dead in Mosul, 1 "governmental employee" shot dead in Mosul and a "butcher" shot dead in Mosul (with his son left wounded). Reuters notes, "Two minority Christian men were gunned down on Tuesday in northern Mosul."
Mohammed Al Dulaimy (McClatchy Newspapers) reports 2 corpses discovered in Baghdad. Reuters notes 2 corpses discovered in Kut.
Today the US military announced: A Multi-National Division -- North Soldier died of wounds sustained from a small-arms fire attack in Mosul, Oct. 7." The announcement bring to 4179 the number of US service members killed in Iraq since the start of the illegal war with 3 for the month thus far.
Tonight Dem. presidential nominee Barack Obama and Rep. presidential nominee John McCain debate. Alexander Cockburn (The First Post) observes of last Thursday's debate between the Democratic vice presidential nominee, Senator Joe Biden, and the Republican vice presidential nominee, Governor Sarah Palin, that only Palin has passed the test of the Democratic and Republican candidates: "Palin, despite somewhat excessive folksiness, with 'gosh-darneds' and the like, did look as though she and Todd had spent some time at their kitchen table in the not-too-distan past figuring out how to pay the bills and deciding they couldn't afford health insurance. . . . Alone of the four candidates [Obama, Biden, McCain and herself], she spoke to the fury and fear of Main Street America about the
$700bn bail-out . . . More than once last night, I thought Palin must have been watching re-runs of Reagan's speeches, though decades of deference to Hollywood tycoons made Reagan far more respectful of Wall Street than the Alaskan Governor, who even presumed to introduce the antique phrase 'working class' into the debate."
As noted in yesterday's snapshot, following the New York Times lead on Saturday, Palin has been bringing up Barack Obama's ties to Weather Underground's Bill Ayers. Today on Democracy Now! Amy Goodman lied (it's a lie, the Red Diaper baby damn well knows better), "Obama was eight years old when Ayers was a Weather Underground member." That's how the media's worked it. Obama says it's so it's 'true.' In the debate with Hillary, that was one of the lies regarding Weather Underground that Barack uttered, "And the notion that somehow as a consequence of me knowing somebody who engaged in detestable acts 40 years ago, when I was 8 years old, somehow reflects on me and my values doesn't make much sense, George." The press has run with the lie ever since. However, George Stephanopoulos actually asked the question correctly (and that's part of the reason George was attacked by the Cult of Obama), "A gentleman named William Ayers. He was part of the Weather Underground in the 1970s. They bombed the Pentagon, the Capitol, and other buildings. He's never apologized for that." Idiots and liars run with that garbage of eight years old.
Barack was born in August of 1961. Weather Underground is not "Weatherman." Weatherman did the Days of Rage in 1969. Weather Underground emerges with the "Declaration of a State of War" (read by Bernardine Dohrn). You can find a transcription here (as published in Berkeley Tribe, July 31, 1970 and released May 21, 1970). 1970 is when Weather Underground emerges. Prior to that Weatherman existed. 1970 is when the bombings begin and they are not a one-year thing. Barack was prepped for that debate with Hillary, coached to toss out a lie the press could run with and obsesses over: " Look, I'm going to have to respond to this just really quickly, but by Senator Clinton's own vetting standards, I don't think she would make it, since President Clinton pardoned or commuted the sentences of two members of the Weather Underground, which I think is a slightly more significant act." The campaign then prepped all reporters that Bill Clinton had pardoned the two women (there was no pardon) and look for yourself and see who LIED. Did anyone do their own work? No. David Corn, when forced to 'correct' at Mother Jones made a real ass of himself insisting that "commuted" and "pardon" were basically the same thing. No, they are not. But the press went running where Barack told them to do like the good little doggies they are. George Stephanopoulos was correct and most (including Diane Rehm) knew he was correct, it was the 1970s. And yet the liars repeatedly lie (including Diane who's tired ass needs to retire). As Mike pointed out last night, Ben Smith (Politico) can get it right: "On the other hand, Obama's not that young. He started at Columbia University, for instance, in 1981, when their names were certainly in the New York tabloids, which haved always loved the story of upper-middle-class radical cop killers. Kathy Boudin's role in a botched, fatal 1981 Brinks roberry was huge news. Bernardine Dohrn was imprisoned in 1982 for refusing to testify against fellow Weather Underground members. And Ayers' past was hardly a secret in Chicago, where he was regularly quoted as an ex-radical and ex-fugitive."
As Nathaniel Sheppard Jr. explained in "Bernardine Dohrn Gives Up To Authorities in Chicago" (New York Times, December 4, 1980): "Still espousing revolutionary causes, Bernardine Dohrn, the 38-year-old reputed leader of the radical Weather Underground, surrendered to authorities here today, 10 years after going into hiding to avoid Federal and local riot charges. . . . Mr. Ayers was also indicted on Federal charges in connection with the disorders, but the Federal charges against Miss Dohrn, Mr. Ayers and other Weathermen were dropped in 1979 when a court ruled that the Government's evidence had been obtained through illegal telephone wiretaps. . . . An associate of Miss Dohrn said privately that she might have come forward now partly because of fear that her treatment under the administration of Ronald Reagan could be harsher than under the Carter Administration." Joe Boyle (BBC) explains Weather's actions: "From 1970 to 1975 the group bombed police stations and patrol vehicles and court and government buildings. In 1970 there were fatalities - a police officer died from his injuries after a pipe bomb was detonated in a San Francisco police station, while three of the group blew themselves up while building explosives in their New York apartment."
The ever-changing story from Barack. What was the earliest lie? Who knows? One claimed, as Ava and I noted, that all their kids went to school together: "The focus wasn't helped when the Obama campaign attempted to lie that Ayers and Barack were friends because they had children the same age. As The Guardian of London's Daniel Nasaw pointed out Dorhn and Ayers' son Zayd is 30-years-old, Malik is 27-years-old and Chesa Boudin, Kathy Boudin and David Gilbert's son that Ayers and Dorhn raised, is also 27, while Barack and Michelle Obama's daughters 'are 6 and 9, respectively'." Believe it or not, the lie of "kids go to school together" was bought and re-sold by the press without question for months. Geoff Earle (New York Post) quoted Team Obama leader David Axelrod telling CNN that Barack didn't know all this public history. He then repeated the eight-year-old lie. Or maybe, what he's trying to say is Barack doesn't condemn the bombings of the Pentagon and the State Dept which took place after he was eight-years-old? As Elaine pointed out last night, Geoff Earle repeats without question the latest spin. The McCain-Palin campaign issued this statement yesterday:
Does Barack Obama truly expect the American people to believe that he had no idea about his friend's past as the infamous founder of the domestic terror group 'The Weather Underground' or is he just lying? If Obama didn't know in 1995 about the bombings Ayers was responsible for, when did he find out -- because Obama was promoting Ayers' book in 1997, serving on boards with him until 2002, and trading emails and phone calls with him as recently as 2005. If Obama really was unaware of Ayers' radical past, learning the truth doesn't seem to have had any effect on their friendship. Whether Barack Obama is lying to voters about his previous support for higher taxes on the middle class, his votes against funds for American troops in the field or his associations with an unrepentant terrorist, voters are left wondering who Obama is and what he stands for.
Today Athena Jones (NBC) explains, "Reporters pressed Barack Obama's chief strategist David Axelrod on when the senator became aware of William Ayers' radical past during the flight from Asheville, NC to Nashville for tonight's debates. When asked to clarify when it was that Obama learned about Ayers' history of planning bombings to protest the Vietnam War, Axelrod said it was some time after their first meetings but that he did not know the exact moment." Jake Tapper and Sunlen Miller (ABC News' Political Punch) add, "The Alaska governor has been blurring what Axelrod said to make it seem as though Obama was claiming that he didn't know about Ayers' history until recently, which is not what Axelrod said. Not that there's been any clear explanation of this relationship forthcoming from the Obama campaign. So when did Obama find out that Ayers had been a member of an organization the FBI called a 'domestic terrorist' group, and had been for years a fugitive from the law?" On the campaign trail today, Palin again raised the issue. Perry Bacon Jr. (Washington Post) quotes her stating in Jacksonville, Florida, "Now our opponent's campaign is claiming for the first time Barack Obama wasn't aware of Ayers' radical background. He didn't know he launched his own political career in the living room of a dometic terrorist? What's next, claiming he didn't know that two of his biggest supporters were running Fannie Mae? . . . Maybe he thought they were just guys in his Washington neighborhood." ABC News' Political Radar includes the next statement, "And since he got called out on his plans to meet unconditionally with terror state leaders like [Iran's President Mahmoud] Ahmadinejad, will he now claim he was unaware of his radical backround? Ladies and gentlemen, this election is about the truthfulness and judgment needed in our next president. John McCain has it and Barack Obama doesn't." The McCain-Palin campaign site is highlighting the issue and clicking here takes you to Obama LIAR Anita Dunn now insisting (CNN transcript) that Barack was seven at the time, seven! What a pack of liars. For more McCain-Palin releases on Barack and Bill, click here and here.
And, in more news for Barack, CBS News' Laura Strickler, Sarah Fitzpatrick and Ariel Bashi reported yesterday:
CBS News has learned that two donors to the Obama campaign that gave a total of $7,722 appear to have made their contributions under fake names that look like they were written by a mouse running across a keyboard: Dahsudhu Hdusahfd of Df, Hawaii with the following employer CZXVC/ZXVZXV and Uadhshgu Hduadh listed as living in Dhff, Florida listed their employer as DASADA/SAFASF. CBS News did not find any records of these last names, towns or employers anywhere else. Newsweek reported two questionable Obama donors over the weekend named "Doodad Pro" and "Good Will". Contributions from the two donors Hdusahfd and Hduadh were made on the same day starting on July 16, 2008. Federal Election Commission (FEC) records show the campaign began refunding the donations as early as August 6, 2008. Despite numerous refunds from the Obama campaign, Hdusahfd still has a record of giving a total of $7500 to Obama which is well over the legal limit for the primary and general election of $4600. Hduadh gave $14,200 but the Obama campaign returned all but $222.00.
Ruth noted the CBS news item last night in her round-up of the presidential campaigns. And Kat pointed to the biggest liar or the most uninformed in the press, Jason Szep of Reuters who claimed Weather Underground "was involved in bombings in the 1960s" -- uh, Szep, what bombings are you referring to? McCain and Obama debate tonight or 'debate'. And the other presidential candidates are shut out of the debate. Cynthia McKinney is the Green Party presidential candidate. Kevin Alexander Gray (Progressive via Some Carolina) writes, "McKinney, who served as a Democrat in the U.S. House of Representatives for twelve years, left the Democratic Party last year to join the Greens. In Congress, she had one of the most progressive records. And as a Presidential candidate, she offers up a coherent agenda. In her acceptance speech at the Green Party convention in Chicago on July 12, she denounced what she called 'Democratic Party complicity' in 'war crimes, torture, crimes against the peace' and 'crimes against the Constituion, crimes against the American peopke, and crimes against the global community.' She said, 'Those who delivered us into this mess cannot be trusted to get us out of it.' She told her supporters, 'A Green vote is a peace vote,' and 'A Green vote is a justice vote.'"
Rosa Clemente is Cynthia's running mate. Ralph Nader is the independent presidential candidate and his running mate is Matt Gonzalez. Nader - Gonzalez notes:
Donate $5 to Nader/Gonzalez now.
To protest the sheer arrogance of the Gallup Organization.
In a recent WSJ/NBC national poll, Ralph Nader pulls 5 percent.
Contrast that to the most recent Gallup national poll, where Nader polls a fraction of one percent.
Why the big difference?
Answer: Gallup, the 800-pound gorilla of the polling world, doesn't list Ralph Nader as one of the Presidential candidates in the primary polling question.
Are you kidding me?
We are not kidding you.
And guess who the Commission on Presidential Debates depends on to do its polling to see which Presidential candidates get to debate before tens of millions of Americans tonight in Nashville?
You guessed it: Gallup.
I called Frank Newport. (pictured above)
Newport is the editor-in-chief at Gallup.
I asked Newport:
Is there an objective standard you use to keep Ralph off your primary polling question?
"No," Newport said.
"We use our internal judgment to decide."
Gallup's "internal judgment" keeps Ralph Nader out of their polling.
So, I tried again.
Any ballpark levels of support Gallup looks to as a threshold?
"No," Newport said.
Again, it was just subject to unidentified "internal judgment criteria."
What a total crock of you know what.
There are some polling agencies -- such as Ipsos/McClatchey and CNN/Opinion Research Corp. -- that include all the major third party candidates.
Not Gallup.
So, we propose two ways to protest Gallup's arrogance in keeping Ralph Nader out of the Gallup polls, thereby denying him the chance of having a chance to debate McCain and Obama.
Protest method number one:
Donate $5, $10, $100 -- whatever you can afford -- up to the legal limit of $2,300 -- to Nader/Gonzalez now.
The stronger we become in October, the more difficult it will be for even Gallup's "internal judgment" to ignore us.
We're in the middle of our October Surprise fundraising drive.
And we need to reach $250,000 by the end of the week.
So, if you haven't donated yet, hit that there contribute button now.
Protest method number two:
Call up Gallup's Frank Newport.
Give him a piece of your mind.
Nader/Gonzalez is on more state ballots (45) than any other independent or third party candidate.
And we're polling five percent and higher in other polls nationwide.
Why is Gallup keeping Ralph Nader out of their polls?
What standards does Gallup use to determine who is included in their Presidential polls?
You can call Newport at: 609-924-9600
Or you can e-mail him directly at: firstname.lastname@example.com
Thank you for your ongoing activism and support.
Onward to November.
Toby Heaps
National Media Coordinator
Though shut out of the corporation's debate between the corporatist candidates, Ralph Nader will be addressing the debate tonight:
News AdvisoryFOR IMMEDIATE RELEASEContact: Ryan Mehta, 408-348-0681, email@example.com (National HQ)PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE RALPH NADER TO RESPOND TO DEBATES IN WINSTEADWHO: Ralph NaderWHAT: Debate responseWHEN: Tuesday, October 7 from 9:00pm until after the debatesWHERE: Founders Hall Auditorium, Northwestern Community College, Park Place Winsted, CT 06098On Tuesday, October 7 starting at 9:00, consumer advocate and Presidential candidate Ralph Nader will be in Founders Hall Auditorium at Northwestern Community College. After the debates, he will give his response and take question about the debates.
the new york timesnathaniel sheppard jr.
sam daghererica goodestephen farrell
leila fadelmcclatchy newspapers
jake tapper
deborah haynes
the washington postperry bacon jr.
ellen knickmeyer
alexander cockburn
the los angeles timesjeffrey fleishman


text:
Can a displaced princess regain her rightful place at the royal court?
Princess Jeong Myeong (Lee Yeon Hee) lives among the common people, disguised as a man, after she was thrown out of the palace by King Gwang Hae (Cha Seung Won), the power-hungry son of a concubine and King Seong Jo during the Joseon Dynasty. Gwang Hae kills the legitimate heir and casts Princess Jeong Myeong out.
Can she carry out her revenge and regain her position?
"Splendid Politics" is a 2015 South Korean drama series directed by Kim Sang Ho.
This show does not have any episodes

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Many people in the world today are unaware of the splendor and wealth of ancient Israel. In fact, since the destruction of Jerusalem in A. D. 70, Israel has been scattered among the nations in lowliness and obscurity. Only in our own generation (since 1948) has this ancient people been re-established as a modest nation occupying her ancestral lands. Renewed and expanded archaeological studies in the holy land are, however, calling attention to the dramatic history of these, Abraham's descendants through his son Isaac, today as never before.
The purpose of this essay is to describe briefly the wealth of ancient Israel associated with the mystery of the Tabernacle in the wilderness and the temples built in Jerusalem. Because the Temple Mount in Jerusalem contains many subterranean chambers now filled with debris, archaeologists and Bible students have asked if it is possible that temple treasures may have been hidden beneath the rock prior to the times of invasion and destruction of Jerusalem by foreign invaders. The principle reference on this subject is the Bible since few other historical records or trustworthy traditional accounts remain.
Although the exact date of the Jewish exodus from Egypt is still in dispute, the books of Exodus and Numbers indicate that approximately 600,000 able-bodied men over age 20 (plus women and children) made the 40-year journey from the Nile Delta, then finally up the East side of the Jordan. During their wilderness wanderings the people of Israel received the Ten Commandments and detailed laws, regulations and instructions delivered to Moses on Mount Sinai. Moses was also instructed to construct a large portable tabernacle, or tent, entrusted to the care of the priests of Aaron. A detailed description of this tabernacle is given in Exodus 25-30. The Tabernacle was built by free-will offerings donated by the people in such generous amounts that more than enough materials were available.
The materials assembled for the tabernacle are described in detail in Exodus 35-38 and summarized in Exodus 38:21-30. The total quantity of gold collected was approximately one ton; of silver, 3-3/4 tons; and of bronze, 2-1/2 tons. At today's prices gold is approximately $500 per troy ounce, or $6000 per pound, or $12,000,000 per ton. Silver currently is priced around $12 per troy ounce, or $144 per pound, which is $288,000 per ton. Hence, the gold and silver used in the Tabernacle of Moses would be worth over $13 million today. Exodus 12:35 states that the Jews were given gold, silver, and ornaments by the Egyptians at the time of the departure from Egypt. The golden lampstand in the tabernacle weighed a talent and would today be worth a half million dollars for its gold alone. A replica of this menorah is now being crafted at the Temple Institute in Jerusalem.
The Old Testament gives some details about the movement of the tabernacle, Ark, and holy vessels after the conquest (Ref 1). The Ark of Covenant was located at Shiloh for many years presumably in a house, tent, or temple constructed for it there (Judges 18:31, I Samuel 1:39, 3:3; Judges 21:19). At some later period the Ark was moved to Bethel on the Benjamite border during the war with Gibeah (Judges 20:26-27). The Ark was then held by the Philistines for seven months. After being recaptured it was located for 20 years at Kiriath-jearim. King Saul generally neglected the Ark (I Chronicles 13:3) but David brought it to Jerusalem about 1003 BC (II Samuel 6; I Chronicles 13:15). The Ark was given temporary shelter in Jerusalem before being installed in the first temple built by King David's son, the illustrious Solomon. Despite a temporary removal by apostate king Manasseh, (II Chronicles 33:7; 35:3), the Ark is thought by many to have remained in the holy of holies of the first temple until the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 B. C. by Nebuchadnezzar. The post-exilic temple apparently contained no Ark, according to Josephus (The Wars of the Jews, Book Five).
The apocryphal book of II Maccabees (2:1-8) says that the prophet Jeremiah hid the Ark and the golden altar of incense in a cave on Mt. Nebo before the Babylonian exile. Jeremiah was taken to Tahpanhes in Egypt by a remnant of the Jews after the fall of Jerusalem (Jeremiah 42:1-43:7) , so it is conceivable that he secured the Ark in a cave on the way. Others say it is more likely that the Ark would be hidden under the Temple Mount or elsewhere in Jerusalem than on Mt. Nebo, which is about 40 miles East of Jerusalem. Perhaps the Ark perished in the flames when the temple was sacked and burned. Controversy over the fate of the Ark has been renewed in our time (Ref. 2).
It is known that most or all of the holy vessels of gold and silver from the tabernacle were with the Ark when it was brought from the city of David to the first temple by Solomon (I Kings 8:4). Although David desired to build a permanent house of God in Jerusalem, his son Solomon built the first temple. The plans were those of David, and David amassed the materials (I Chronicles 28:1-19; II Chronicles 2-4; I Kings 6-7). These materials included 100,000 talents (Ref. 3) of gold and 1,000,000 talents of silver, (I Chron. 29). From his own private fortune David also gave 3,000 talents of gold and 7,000 talents of high grade silver. This is an enormous quantity of gold and silver by any standard: 100,000 talents of gold = 3750 tons, value today = $45 billion; 1,000,000 talents of silver = 37,500 tons, value today = $10.8 billion. In round numbers, the wealth of the first temple was about $56 billion.
In addition to all the gold and silver, great quantities of bronze, cedar, iron, and precious stones were contributed. The most holy place of Solomon's temple was lined with cedar from Lebanon and covered with 600 talents of gold. This gold plating alone, about 540,000 troy ounces, would be worth about $270 million today. The doors of the temple were also covered with gold plates. During this period of Israel's history, Solomon's income was 666 talents of gold per annum or about 600,000 troy ounces, worth $300 million today. During the reign of Solomon "silver was as common as stone" in Jerusalem, (I Kings 10:27). Solomon made 200 massive shields each 300 shekels in weight to hang on the walls of his palace. His ivory throne was overlaid with gold. "So King Solomon exceeded all the kings of the earth in riches and wisdom" (II Kings 10:23). The splendor of Solomon's kingdom brought him recognition and fame that attracted much foreign attention. For example, during her visit "to test Solomon with hard questions" the Queen of Sheba brought Solomon 120 talents of gold, ($54,000,000), "and a very great store of spices and precious stones," (I Kings 10; II Chronicles 9).
In their commentary on the Old Testament Keil and Delitzsch call attention to the large quantities of gold and silver taken in Asia by Alexander the Great: 2,600 talents of gold and 600 talents of silver from Damascus, 50,000 talents of gold and 40,000 talents of uncoined gold and silver from Susa and from Persepolis 120,000 talents of gold. (The ruins of Persepolis are located just north of Shiraz in Iran). Thus, though the quantities are very high they are not unreasonable compared to the wealth of other surrounding ancient kingdoms.
A cube of gold weighing 3750 tons would measure about 6 meters (19.68 ft) on a side, and 37,500 tons of silver in a single cube would be about 16 meters (52.48 ft) on a side. The total amount of gold mined and stockpiled in the entire world up to the present time totals about 88,000 tons (Ref. 4). If this gold were collected together its volume would be that of a cube 16.5 m (54 feet) on a side. It is estimated that only about 40,000 tons of gold remains in the earth yet to be mined. South Africa's gold production today is about 950 tons per annum. The Soviet Union produces about 550 tons, Canada 70 tons, and the United States about 40 tons. The total world production of gold is about 1,850 tons annually.
The temple of Solomon required 7-1/2 years to construct and the efforts of about 180,000 laborers, (I Kings 7:13, 5:6, 13, 14; II Chronicles 2:17-18). Great quantities of local stone and imported cedar wood were used. The wealth of the first temple was immediately plundered after the death of Solomon. During the reign of Solomon's son Rehoboam, Shishak (Sheshonk), King of Egypt, raided Jerusalem about 925 BC and "took away treasures of the house of the Lord and the treasures of the king's house; he took away everything. He also took away the shields of gold (500 in number, worth about $36 million) which Solomon had made..." (II Chronicles 12:1-12). According to Second Chronicles 12, Shishak's army numbered 60,000 horsemen and 1200 chariots. If each man carried back 100 pounds of booty, this is only 3000 tons total of gold and silver. However, the people that were with him were "without number," the "Lubim, the Sukkim, and the Ethiopians." These people may also have carried off much gold and silver. It seems reasonable that some gold and silver remained in the temple after Shishak's raids. Probably gold would have been taken in preference to silver.
After Solomon's death the kingdom of Israel continued to deteriorate in strength except for occasional revivals, until the time of the Babylonian captivity in 586 BC During the revivals of Joash, (II Chronicles 24), and Josiah, (II Kings 22), generous contributions were made by the citizenry for repairs and refurbishing of the temple. Except for these revivals much of the wealth of the temple appears to have been confiscated to pay national expenses and tributes to threatening foreign powers. Asa depleted the temple treasures by sending "all" that was left of the silver and gold to Ben-hadad, king of Syria, to buy his help against Baasha, king of Israel (I Kings 15:18, 19).
A new plundering took place during the reign of Ahaziah when Jehoash, king of Israel carried off to Samaria "all" the gold and silver in the temple and the palace, (II Kings 14:14). Ahaz went even further than any of his predecessors in sacrilege, for, besides robbing the temple and palace of their treasures to secure the aid of the king of Assyria, he removed the brazen altar from its time-honored site, and also the bases and ornaments of the lavers, and the oxen from under the bronze sea (II Kings 16:10-17).
Hezekiah paid tribute to Sennacherib, king of Assyria, 300 talents of silver and 30 talents of gold, "and Hezekiah gave him 'all' the silver that was found in the house of the Lord and in the treasures of the king's house. At that time Hezekiah cut off the gold from the doors of the temple of the Lord and from the doorposts which Hezekiah king of Judah had overlaid, and gave it to the king of Assyria," (II Kings 18:13-16). Later Hezekiah foolishly received the emissaries of the king of Babylon and showed them his remaining state treasures: "Hezekiah...showed them all the house of the precious things, the silver and the gold and the spices, and the precious ointment and all the house of his armor, and all that was found in his treasures: there was nothing in his house, nor in all his domain that Hezekiah did not show them," (II Kings 20:12-13). The wealth of the temple at the time of Hezekiah was evidently more than enough to incite the covetousness of the king of Babylon so that he hastened to capture Jerusalem after his emissaries brought him the news of the great wealth there.
The fall of Jerusalem in 586 BC was accompanied by terrible destruction and much loss of life. "And all the vessels of the house of God, great and small, and the treasures of the house of the Lord, and the treasures of the king and of his friends, all these he (Nebuchadnezzar) brought to Babylon. And they burned the house of God, and broke down the wall of Jerusalem, and burned all its palaces with fire, and destroyed all its precious vessels," (II Chronicles 36:18,19). A parallel account in II Kings 25 describes the seized vessels of the house of the Lord as including pots, snuffers, dishes for incense, firepans, bowls, etc. It is possible that some of the wealth of the temple and some of the treasures of the king's house was hidden under the temple mount though this is mostly speculation. If anything was hidden it would most likely have been the Ark of the Covenant which was of great sacred importance. The Scripture suggests that everything of value was carried off to Babylon. During the captivity some of the stolen sacred gold and silver vessels from Jerusalem's temple were used by Belshazzar on the night of his infamous feast when handwriting appeared on the wall of his palace indicating that judgment from God had fallen upon him, (Daniel 5). At the end of the 70-year captivity in Babylon the returning Jews were allowed to carry back at least some of these gold and silver sacred objects to Jerusalem, (Ezra 1:5-10). The list of returned items included 1000 basins of gold, 1000 basins of silver, 29 censers, 30 bowls of gold, 2410 bowls of silver, and other vessels of gold and silver totaling 5,469 in number.
The total number of Jews returning from this captivity was 42,360, plus 7,337 servants and 200 singers. There were 736 horses, 245 mules, 435 camels and 6720 asses in their convoy, (Ezra 2:64-67). The returning exiles set about rebuilding the temple and the walls. The second temple was modest compared to that of Solomon and was completed in 515 BC Details are given in the Books of Nehemiah and Ezra. Nevertheless, the second temple contained significant quantities of gold and silver which appears to have generally increased during the life of the temple.
Historically, the next records come to us from the time of the Maccabees. An account of the plundering of the temple by Antiochus IV Epiphanes in 170 BC, is given in 1 Maccabees 1:20ff and also was described by Josephus. At that time the temple contained at least an altar of incense made of gold, the table of shewbread, the lampstands, many cups, bowls, and incense holders, crowns and gold plating at the wall where the cherubim had been in days of old. Antiochus also took the "hidden treasures" of the temple site. In three days' time he murdered 40,000 Jews and led an equal number as captives. He then desecrated the temple by sacrificing a pig on the altar.
The total wealth of the Second Temple was always small compared to the greatness of the First Temple though there were many changes made during the 400 years following the closing of the canon of the Old Testament. The Roman ruler Herod decided to completely rebuild and enlarge the Second Temple beginning in his 18th year of reign (c20 BC). Herod employed 10,000 workmen and 1,000 wagons. The size of the temple area was increased from 17 to 34 acres by excavations in the north and by the building of great retaining walls rising 450 ft from the Kidron Valley in the southeast. Within this area, now measuring 351 yards on the north side, 512 on the east, 536 on the west, and 309 on the south, rose the temple with its Corinthian columns of bronze, its different courts and gates and gleaming, spacious cloisters. The buildings and walls we built were extensive and massive. It was in this enlarged Second Temple built by Herod that Jesus was dedicated, and where he later taught and cast out the money-changers on two separate occasions.
The second temple treasury did benefit from a great influx of gold and silver from all lands contributed by worshippers. Cicero wrote of great influxes of gold to Jerusalem during his lifetime. Gifts other than gold or silver coins were sold and their value given to the treasury. Another large source of revenue was profit made from the sale of the meat offerings which were prepared by the Levites and sold every day to the offerers. By far the largest sum was probably derived from the half-shekel of temple tribute which was required of every male Israelite of age, including proselytes and slaves. The total sum of gold and silver contributed annually at the time of Jesus has been estimated to have been of the order of $500,000 per year. A large fraction of this wealth no doubt accumulated year after year over the lifetime of the second temple, (515 B. C. to 70 A. D.). There were numerous temple expenses but the evidence suggests that the bulk of the income was stored up year after year.
Thus, the Roman plunder could well have been worth tens of millions of dollars. The pillaging of the temple, its total destruction and the burning of Jerusalem with terrible suffering and loss of life occurred in 70 AD under the Roman General Titus (Josephus, Wars of the Jews). Tradition has it that the intense flames of the temple fire melted the gold and silver of the temple so that it ran between the cracks of the rocks. Roman soldiers then totally dismantled the temple stone by stone to extract the gold, (see Matthew 24:1-2). No one seems to know with certainty if any of the vessels or sacred objects from Herod's temple were hidden in subterranean passageways during the long siege of Titus. Most everything of value was most likely carried off to Rome.
The overall impression from all the biblical accounts and from tradition is that the various plunderings of Jerusalem's temples were always thorough and total. While no gold or silver may be buried underneath the temple mount, objects of priceless archaeological, historical, and religious significance may lie there. Jeremiah the prophet may have suggested that the Ark, however, has been permanently lost, (Jeremiah 3:16), or at least that it will cease to be of great significance when Messiah comes.
The Old Testament tells of the yet future restoration of the Jewish temple in Jerusalem when Messiah comes, and a still greater future glory for Israel than that attained during the times of David and Solomon, (Micah 4:1-4; Zechariah 8; Zephaniah 3:14-20). The tombs of some of the major kings of Israel may yet be found in the City of David adjacent to the temple mount now being excavated by the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. An interesting reference to these royal tombs is found in Ezekiel, Chapter 43. Of course, the historical, cultural, and religious significance of any new archaeological finds in and around Jerusalem cannot be measured in terms of gold or silver.
1. A map of the movements of the Ark during this time period is given in the Encyclopedia Judaica, 1972 Edition.
2. Other traditions concerning the fate of the Ark are listed in the Encyclopedia Judaica, 1972 Edition. One interesting legend claims that the Ark was taken by the Queen of Sheba to Ethiopia where it is supposed to have remained to this day in a church in Aksum. This legend has recently been researched and reported in great detail by Graham Hancock in his intriguing book The Sign and the Seal, Crown Books, New York 1992.
3. The talent varied between 28.8 and 30.27 kg, which is 66 to 75 lbs. The shekel was 11.23 gms or 0.403 ounces. In this paper I have taken one talent to be 75 pounds and 12 troy ounces equal to one pound. The ton I have used is the ordinary English ton, 2000 lbs.
4. Worth $1.056 trillion.
1. Mazar, Benjamin, The Mountain of the Lord, Doubleday Publishing, New York (1975).
2. Yadin, Yigael, Jerusalem Revealed, Yale University Press, London (1976).
3. Kenyon, Kathleen M., Digging Up Jerusalem, London (1974).
3. Landay, Jerry M., Silent Cities, Sacred Stones, McCall Books, New York (1971).
4. Keil, C. F., and F. Delitzsch, Commentary on the Old Testament, Vol. III, Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan, reprinted October 1978.
6. Ironside, H. A., The Four Hundred Silent Years, Loizeaux Brothers, Neptune, New Jersey, (1914).
7. Herzog, Chaim and Gichon, Mordechai, Battles of the Bible, Random House, New York, (1978).
8. Gulston, Charles, Jerusalem, Zondervan Publishing, Grand Rapids, Michigan, (1978).
8. Edersheim, Alfred, The Temple, Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan, ( 1979).
9. Landay, Jerry M., Dome of the Rock, Newsweek Publishing, New York (1972).
The Treasures of the House of the Lord by Lambert Dolphin
Email: email@example.com
Web Pages: http://ldolphin.org/
Back to the Templemount.org Homepage
July 1981, revised November 1992. June 5, 2019


text:
Recently launched Middle East distributors network MEDIS set its first objectives at an inaugural general assembly in Dubai on Monday (Dec 10).
"Several projects have been planned, such as conducting a study on the state of distribution in Arab countries; setting up a mechanism for the collective acquisition of film rights for the region; drafting proposals to fight piracy; and setting up a video-on-demand service," the body's newly elected president Mohamed Layadi of Morocco's Marrakech Spectacles told a press briefing yesterday (Dec 12).
Layedi is joined on the board by Khaled Haddad of Jordan Pioneer Mulitmedia Production Company as vice president. Filmmaker Nabil Ayouch has agreed to take on the role of honorary president.
Valerio Caruso, head of EU-backed body Euromed which is over-seeing development of MEDIS, said the findings of the first study would be released at a MEDIS meeting in Cannes next year.


text:
The Crimson completed the year with 20 victories (Gil Talbot).
SALT LAKE CITY, Utah – The No. 14 Harvard Crimson got off to a cold shooting start, as the No. 6 Arizona Wildcats used an early run to pull away from the Crimson en route to a 74-51 win Saturday afternoon at EnergySolutions Arena in the third round of the NCAA tournament.
Kenyatta Smith led the team in scoring with 10 points, while Steve Moundou-Missi had nine points, all in the first half, for the Crimson. Wesley Saunders had eight points to have his streak of games with at least 10 points come to an end at 29. Senior co-captain Christian Webster finished with eight points and five rebounds to finish his career with 1,016 points.
After Arizona opened with a 5-0 lead, Smith drew a foul and connected on two free throws, but the Wildcats answered with a trey to make it 8-2. With Arizona up, 17-2, Siyani Chambers nailed a 3-pointer for Harvard's first field goal, snapping an 0-of-13 stretch to open the game for the Crimson.
With 11:00 to play in the first, Moundou-Missi drained two from the charity stripe to cut the deficit to 13. The Wildcats continued their torrid start before Christian Webster made a tip-in to make it 25-9. Smith then hit a bucket to get it back down to 19. Saunders was fouled and stepped to the line and connected on two before he added a basket in the paint on a jumper to continue to chip away at the Arizona advantage. Moundou-Missi followed with a reverse layup, 37-17.
In the final minutes of the half, Moundou-Missi went up for a dunk and was fouled and made one free throw. He then hit an acrobatic left-handed layup, making it 39-20. The sophomore continued his strong offensive play with a long jumper, but Harvard headed to the locker room trailing, 40-22. Moundou-Missi led the Crimson with nine points in the first, as Harvard struggled offensively, shooting 7-of-28 (.250) overall.
In the second, Smith opened the scoring for Harvard with a layup, and then Christian Webster nailed an open triple to cut the advantage to 42-27. Following a 3-pointer by Chambers, the Crimson got the margin down to 14, but the Wildcats answered with a 5-0 run to go up 49-30 with 15:51 to play. At the 14:34 mark, Saunders hit a foul shot, 49-31, and then he made two more free throws with 13:16 to go, making it a 16-point game.
The Wildcats rattled off a 6-0 run, but Jonah Travis made two foul shots, and Laurent Rivard added a trey from the wing, 56-39. With under 10 minutes to play, Rivard sent a quick pass inside to Travis for an easy bucket, 59-41, and then Saunders drew another foul and sank one foul shot.
With 7:59 to play, Chambers missed a layup, but Smith was there for the put back dunk to make it 61-44. Smith made a nice post move for a bucket with just under six minutes to go and then Webster sank another 3-pointer at the 5:12 mark, 67-49.
The Wildcats held the ball to run out the clock in the final minutes of the game, and the Crimson only had one more basket the rest of the way, a Michael Hall lay-up with two seconds remaining to see its Cinderella run come to an end.


text:
'Black and Blue' azure sage (Salvia guaranitica 'Black and Blue') mixes well with other warm-weather annuals, blooming from midsummer to frost.
My first garden experiences with tropical sages were a bit drab. Six-packs of mealycup sage (Salvia farinacea) from the grocery store bloomed through the summer with flowers the color of new Levis. The next year, to be fancy, I grew the seed strain 'Strata'. Its flowers were closer to the color of dirty overalls. Then, of course, there was red Texas sage (Salvia coccinea) and its variety 'Lady in Red' — far more elegant in name than in physical reality — plus its bizarre faded pink variant 'Coral Nymph'.
Yes, they were reliable. They needed little attention, they tolerated heat and drought, and stayed colorful throughout the summer. But they didn't do anything that a plastic cactus wouldn't.
Up close, the vibrant blue of 'Black and Blue's flowers stands out within its dark navy-black bracts.
Then I met 'Black and Blue'. 'Black and Blue' sage (Salvia guaranitica 'Black and Blue') has stunning cobalt flowers held in navy-black bracts. Unlike the dinky habits of many old-fashioned salvias, it grows large and luxurious, 24 to 30 inches high in one season, with rich green pebbled foliage. 'Black and Blue' spreads 18 to 24 inches wide over one growing season. As long as its roots are protected, it survives the cold as far north as USDA winter hardiness Zone 6. Where winter-hardy, it will slowly spread to 36 inches across. The flowers are produced regularly throughout the hot months, but become especially profuse with the arrival of cool autumn nights.
Rarer than 'Black and Blue', with a lighter habit and flowers in a pale shade of blue, West Texas cobalt sage (Salvia reptans West Texas form) is an extraordinary perennial that's rarely encountered in gardens or nurseries. Cobalt sage (Salvia reptans) is an indigenous North American salvia species that occurs throughout the western United States. West Texas cobalt sage is a specific form selected from wild populations for its upright habit and cobalt-blue flowers. Throughout the spring and summer, it grows into a 40-inch high mass of bright green, upright stems with small linear leaves. In August, it ripples into a fantastic mass of tiny pale-blue and deep-blue flowers. The narrow stems contort under the weight of the flowers, swaying airily into surrounding plantings. Use it to strew a pale blue veil of fresh flowers through the faded mass of the late summer garden. West Texas cobalt sage is winter hardy through Zone 5. It thrives in well-drained, even gravelly soils.
A rare perennial, West Texas cobalt sage (Salvia reptans West Texas form) self-sows daintily in free-draining soils, making in an excellent filler for garden edges that are forgotten by the gardener.
If your garden is drowning in late-summer blues, plant 'Wendy's Wish' sage (Salvia x 'Wendy's Wish'). Its fine flowers, which are the color of ripe raspberries, are carried abundantly on dark purple stems decked out with weirdly scalloped leaves. The leaves are an unusual color as well, about 30 percent gray and 70 percent green, with the purple of the stems leaking into the leaves along their veins in cool weather. While its parentage is unknown, 'Wendy's Wish' is quickly becoming a favorite of gardeners across the country. It blooms off and on throughout the summer, erupting into a giant mass of bright pink flower wands in autumn. Depending on growing conditions, it can reach anywhere from 30 to 48 inches high and wide. It is perennial in USDA Winter Hardiness Zones 8 and warmer. Farther north, include it in your garden schemes as a quick-growing tropical for summer and autumn fun.
Opening just a few flowers at a time, Andean sage (Salvia discolor) has elegant pale gray-green bracts that hold sensational almost-black flowers.
Unlike the three other sages featured here, Andean sage (Salvia discolor) won't draw your attention from across the garden. Instead, it repays close consideration. One of the oddest little salvias, Andean sage has flowers the color of crushed black velvet, with just a hint of purple to their sheen. Few other flowers have such a deep hue. The sheen of the sage flowers' surfaces makes them particularly intriguing. Only a few of the "black" irises and 'Queen of Night' tulips come close to the same richness and depth. Its leaves are smart as well, felted gray-green on top and white underneath. Andean sage is easy to grow, in sun or part shade, reaching 18 inches high and 24 inches across in most growing seasons. It is also winter hardy to USDA Zone 8, but may return further north with good drainage.
Whether inclined to the subtle or the show-stopping, no gardener could be bored with these four fantastic sages. Their vibrant colors and generous flowering will transform your summer plantings. Say goodbye to drab — welcome these fab four tropical sages into your garden today.
A version of this article appeared in a June 2014 edition of the State-by-State Gardening eNewsletter.
Photography courtesy of Caleb Melchoir.


text:
Transfer from Hamburg to Hannover
Private chauffeur service from Hamburg | Free waiting in airport and Free Child Safety seats
Hamburg is one of the richest cities in Germany along with being the largest sea port. The city hosts a large number of offices, banks, trading companies, insurance companies. Historically, Hamburg is divided into the Old city and the New city, being devided into two parts by the Alsterflit channel. You can admire the extremally beautiful view of the center`s most interesting sightseeings from the Trost Brücke bridge: the ruins of the medieval church of St. Nicholas Hall, the oldest stock exchange in Germany. In general, there are a lot of reasons to visit Hamburg for a holiday. But in any case the quality of your rest time will depend on how carefully you will arrange your trip. For instance, you should book your transfer from the airport to your hotel in Hamburg beforehand. The best way is to book a transfer service from our company and be sure that you will get to the airport with safety and high comfort. Also we can arrange your return way from Hamburg to the airport just in time.
Economic minivan oe business sedan from Hamburg and Airport
When visiting Hannover, you can book a per-hour car rental with driver from 2 hours/day and more. Meet and Greet service, offered by our company, will significantly simplify the meeting in the airport for the newcomers. Using a "car rental with driver" service you can vesit the places of interest, famous shops or outlets to do some shopping near the city, saving your time in this way. Hannover chauffeur service offered by our company will cost you much cheaper to order a car rental with driver with us than to hire a taxi driver. To book the economy car or minivan with chauffeur or a comfortable premium class car, coach, shuttle bus up to 50 seats, please choose the button. Per hour rental in the left upper corner of the page, write in the [Departure:] field the departure point and number of hours.
Company vehicle fleet
- ComfortToyota Avensis, Volkswagen Passat, Chevrolet Cruze, KIA Sportage
- Business ClassMercedes C-Class, E-Class
- Business MinivanMercedes Viano, Mercedes Vito, Volkswagen Caravelle
- Standart Minivan ExtraLongMercedes Sprinter 415
- CompactCitroen C1, Fiat Panda, Hyundai Atos
- Economy Fiat Punto, Peugeot 206, Vokswagen Golf, Fiat Doblo
- Luxury ClassMercedes S-Class, Audi A8, BMW 730, Cadillac STS
- Economy MinivanOpel Vivaro, Renault Trafic
- Standart Minivan LongMercedes Sprinter, Ford Transit
- MiniBusSewa Bus 25, Mercy, Mercedes Benz Sitcar Beluga
- Bus StandartMercedes 404
- Bus PremiumMercedes Tourismo, Setra 515, Volvo 9700
- Exotic LimoRolls Royce Phantom, Limousine Magnum, Bentley Arnage 120, Chrysler C 300 Limousine 130, Hummer H3 140, Lincoln Strech Limousine
- Vintage SedanOn Request (Alfa Romeo, Cadillac, Buick, Plyumouth etc.)


text:
Purdue Extension Means Business(PEMB) is a statewide campaign promoting Purdue Extension programs and resources for businesses and entrepreneurs. This page contains general information about the PEMB campaign.
Purdue specialists and educators have identified programming and resources for businesses and entrepreneurs and they are available to your customers through the PEMB effort. There are two ways to be involved. You can:
The PEMB website also provides programming tools you can use in your county.
The points below are a quick-reference to help you answer questions from people who call your office about the PEMB campaign.
Who's it For?Purdue Extension offers entrepreneurs and business managers the latest educational resources to make your business better.
What Do We Offer?Purdue Extension has research-based information about:
What Does Purdue Extension in (XYZ) County Offer?We can help you answer questions or make contacts about what Purdue Extension has to offer. The Purdue Extension Educator in this office on: [fill info in blanks].
More InformationA newspaper with success stories from business people like you is available upon request. It provides examples of the educational resources available from Purdue Extension. You can also access it at the PEMB website.
These videos are formated for Windows Media Player. If you are on an AgIT network and have trouble with your Windows Media Player, contact AgIT for support.
To learn more about the PEMB program, a committee of your peers developed various sets of questions and answers. To download them, click on the links below:
News Releases
Local Purdue Extension efforts tied to economic development (Word: 62 KB)
Feature Stories
PEMB Mailer
Download a Word file (Size: 2.44 MB) you can send to follow up with someone who calls asking for more information.
PEMB Handouts
Each county received 200 PEMB cards to use as handouts. These cards give the PEMB public URL and the 888-EXT-INFO number. If you need more cards please contact:Steve firstname.lastname@example.com(765) 496-1117
Sample Business Cards Color (TIF: 2.42 MB)Black only (TIF: 635 KB)
PEMB PowerPoint
Download a PowerPoint presentation (Size: 163 KB) that explains the PEMB campaign.
Back to Top


text:
A version of this article appears in the September/October 2008 issue of Home Energy Magazine.
September 07, 2008
Who Will Build Them? You have a great magazine and a great blog on your Web site. You frame the question well in a recent editorial, "Who is Going to Build the Zero -Energy Home?" (May/June '08, p. 2) when you ask who is going to design and build these energy-efficient buildings. If we ignore for a moment the regulatory, economic, policy, and cultural barriers standing in the way of high-performance buildings, the "who" conundrum still looms over the building industry. Does this army of young designers you mention precede or result from updates to policy, cost, and public opinion? I suspect that the "who" will grow as part of changes to the rest of the building industry—changes that will likely be more and more rapid as momentum is gained. But for now the "who" are not yet available. Most green projects are great examples of greenwashing and not much else. On the optimistic side, I was privileged to meet a really talented group of designers at the Carnegie Mellon Center for Building Performance that included architects, mechanical engineers, and computer programmers among others. It really showed me that there ...
To read complete online articles, you need to sign up for an Online Subscription.
Once an order has been placed there is an automatic $10 processing fee that will be deducted with any cancellation.
The Home Energy Online articles are for personal use only and may not be printed for distribution. For permission to reprint, please send an e-mail to email@example.com.


text:
19 March 2013 at 4.02pm | 8 Comments
Simon Robey, Chairman of the Board of Trustees, today announced the appointment of Alex Beard to the position of Chief Executive.
Alex Beard comes to the Royal Opera House from Tate where he is currently Deputy Director. He will take up his post in readiness for the 2013/14 Season and be available for consultation on key strategic matters prior to his arrival.
Commenting on the appointment, Simon Robey said "Alex Beard has a passion for the work we do at the Royal Opera House. He also brings a wealth of managerial experience from his very successful partnership with Nick Serota at Tate, as well as the insights and perspectives that this role has given him. I am confident he will forge excellent partnerships with our artistic leadership and our executive team, and that they will, together, lead the Opera House to still greater heights."
Alex Beard, aged 49, has been at Tate since 1994 and has been Deputy Director since 2002. With a lifelong interest in music, Alex has been on the board of Glyndebourne since 2008 and recently been awarded CBE for services to the arts.
During his 19 years at Tate, Alex has played a key role in its transformation, working closely with Nicholas Serota. He set the business plan for the creations of Tate Modern, led the Tate's subsequent capital development programme at Tate Modern, Tate Britain and Tate St Ives including the launch of The Tanks in the summer of 2012 and has overseen all the business operations of the Tate family of galleries since 2000.
He said 'I'm absolutely delighted to have been appointed Chief Executive of the Royal Opera House. To have the opportunity to build on Tony Hall's achievements and strengthen the Royal Opera House's reputation as one of the world's leading artistic and creative forces is hugely exciting.'
'I'm very proud to be joining a world class team led by Antonio Pappano, Kasper Holten and Kevin O'Hare, together with a superb executive and committed staff across the organisation.'
Sally O'Neill, Finance Director, will act as Interim Chief Executive until Alex Beard takes up his position. The remuneration for the new Chief Executive will be £250,000 per annum. In the financial year 2010/11 the Royal Opera House had a turnover of £109.5 million of which the Arts Council subsidy was £27.9 million, box office £37.7 million, donations, legacies and sponsorships £20.7 million, commercial trading, touring and other income was £23.2million.


text:
Dealer Discount-$3,436
Sale Price$14,895
You Save:$3,436
As your Orange County Honda Dealership, we want you to be as comfortable as possible whenever you visit our dealership whether it's to buy or lease a new Honda, shop for a used or Certified Pre-Owned Honda, have your Honda repaired or maintained in Service, or order Honda parts. We go out of our way to provide you with the best customer service we can, and as our General Manager Paul Swim says, we want to treat you like family, and customer service is our number one priority.
The mission of our Acura Dealership is to help serve you in the best way possible. This is done through a commitment to customer service, tailoring our offerings to your individual needs and a comprehension that each driver has a different list of wants, needs and wishes. Helping you understand your driving goals helps us place you in a new or pre-owned Acura that is right for you.
From the entire team at Weir Canyon Acura we welcome you to peruse our website for the best deals on all makes, models and styles of Acura cars and SUVs.
All advertised vehicles are subject to actual dealer availability. Certain vehicles listed may not be available, or may have different prices. Prices exclude state tax, license, document preparation fee, smog fee, and finance charges, if applicable. Vehicle option and pricing are subject to change. Prices include all dealer rebates and dealer incentives. Pricing and availability varies by dealership. Please check with your dealer for more information. Prices do not include dealer charges, such as advertising, that can vary by manufacturer or region, or costs for selling, preparing, displaying or financing the vehicle. Images displayed may not be representative of the actual trim level of a vehicle. Colors shown are the most accurate representations available. However, due to the limitations of web and monitor color display, we cannot guarantee that the colors depicted will exactly match the color of the car. Information provided is believed accurate but all specifications, pricing, and availability must be confirmed in writing (directly) with the dealer to be binding. Neither the Dealer nor Fox Dealer Interactive is responsible for any inaccuracies contained herein and by using this application you the customer acknowledge the foregoing and accept such terms.
Net Price DOES NOT include dealer or vendor installed upgrades, accessories, or added after market items. Those products are OPTIONAL and can be purchased for an additional cost. Call For Details!* Final prices are price shown plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any dealer document preparation charge, and any emission testing charge.
Price does not include tax, license or any dealer installed accessories.


text:
Our Basic & Premium subscription plans give you the ability to search for data at a price that's right for you.
Draw & measure on images, save favorites, and import & export shapefiles to get exactly the imagery you need.
Members can purchase image downloads in JPG, PDF, or GeoTIFF format.
Our custom GIS solutions include geo-referenced orthomosaics, volumetric mapping, spatial and temporal change detection and more.
Through our parent company PrecisionHawk, we deploy drones around the world to capture live, low altitude, high-resolution data using advanced sensors.
Customize your map to include digital elevation data, street names, property lines and other information layers.
Integrate and distribute data from a vast range of third-party sources. We can also ingest and distribute data from a wide range of third party sources.


text:
No Doubt Lawsuit Against Activision Moving Forward
The LA Times reports that Los Angeles County Superior Court Judge Kenji Machida ruled in favor of the band and denied Activision's claim that it could use First Amendment freedom-of-speech rights to cover the use of the band's images for general use.
The case will continue forward. No Doubt's case revolves around the "right-of-publicity" and the band claims it only agreed to have its avatars be seen during No Doubt songs.
Courtney Love has threatened to sue Activision over Kurt Cobain's likeness being used in a similar way in Guitar Hero 5.
From The Chatty


text:
14 October 2013 at 10.38am | 2 Comments
Like all Verdi's masterpieces, Les Vêpres siciliennes is packed full of vibrant ensembles, thrilling character portraits, and really great tunes.
The Act III duet between tenor hero Henri and ostensible bad-guy baritone Montfort has it all, with one of the opera's loveliest melodies (Verdi made sure to weave it into the overture) and blazing dramatic energy.
Henri sings in all five of the opera's duets, each among Verdi's finest. Henri and Montfort have already tested their wits against each other in the fiery duet that ends Act I. When Henri arrives in Montfort's study in Act III, he's fresh from his Act II duet with heroine Hélène. To win her love he has promised to avenge her brother's death. The murderer? Montfort, of course.
Henri doesn't know that Montfort has received a letter from Henri's late mother, explaining that Henri is his son, a child of rape. She has told Henri nothing about his father, and raised him to hate Montfort. Before Henri arrives Montfort has sung the melancholic 'Au sein de la puissance' (In the lap of power), dwelling on the emptiness in his heart that wealth and power cannot fill. The aria's second section glows with a gentle hope: Montfort prays that Henri might be his salvation.
(Recordings of the original French libretto are few and far between, so we're using James Levine's I vespri siciliani.)
Henri is brought before Montfort. After some terse recitative, Montfort begins a mournful melody 'Quand ma bonté toujours nouvelle' (When my ever-new kindness), cautiously testing the waters for his revelation. Over this lyricism Henri's abrupt, angry semiquavers indicate a violent repulsion barely suppressed.
Montfort hands Henri the letter – and here comes that glorious tune, as Montfort sings 'Pour moi, pour moi, quelle ivresse inconnue' (For me, what unknown joy). Henri, though, seems impervious. His short phrases flit around Montfort's rich melody rather than integrating with it, as breathless joy at seeing this last memento of his mother is transformed into horror.
In the following recitative Montfort tries to convince Henri to accept him as a father, promising him his name and the power that comes with it. It only deepens Henri's despair; ringing in his ears is Hélène's promise that if he kills Montfort he will become a king in her eyes. Increasingly agitated, he finally bursts out that 'C'est un nom détesté!' (It is a hated name).
There's a shocked pause – but in the following, frantic section we see Henri beginning to move towards Montfort. Montfort, furiously hurt, dwells on the insult, and is echoed at a bar's distance by Henri. It's as though Henri is closely watching his father, feeling the first pangs of sympathy for a man he has been taught to believe is a monster.
Montfort presents a last lyrical tune in 'Quoi, ma tendresse' (This, my love) – lying much higher in his voice than the previous melodies, in a quite literal representation of his emotion. Though Henri begs to be released, his interjections now engage with Montfort's melody in sinuous counterpoint. Finally he admits 'Je voudrais courir en vos bras' (I long to run to your arms), but in an anguished new section he desperately recalls his unhappy mother. Montfort, shaken with guilt, can only sing on one yearning note 'oh mon fils!' (oh my son!).
Finally the overture theme returns, but now Henri holds the melody. He's appealing to his mother's ghost, but it's a definitive sign of the bond between the two men that leads inexorably to the opera's tragic ending.
Les Vêpres siciliennes runs from 17 October – 11 November 2013. The production will also be screened live in cinemas around the world on 4 November and is staged with the generous philanthropic support of Mrs Susan A. Olde OBE, Mrs Aline Foriel-Destezet, Mr and Mrs Baha Bassatne and The Maestro's Circle.


text:
While Egyptian protesters on Friday celebrated achievement of their no. 1 goal — the removal of President Hosni Mubarak — it remained unclear whether the Egyptian military's assumption of power will mark the beginning of a transition to a more-democratic system of government or simply a shuffling of the Mubarak regime deck.
"These are stalwarts of the regime, all of whom were handpicked by Mubarak himself," Nader Hashemi, assistant professor at the University of Denver's Josef Korbel School of International Studies, said of the supreme military council now ruling the country. "They have very much been in charge by virtue of their collaboration with and loyalty to Mubarak."
The Egyptian military largely retains the confidence of the Egyptian people — in stark contrast to the police and security forces — but many protesters have expressed concern about whether its senior leadership has truly embraced their call for political change.
U.S. & World
The members of the country's new ruling body — the Supreme Council of the Egyptian Armed Forces — are very familiar to the Egyptian public: Gen. Omar Suleiman, vice president and former intelligence chief; Defense Minister Mohammed Hussein Tantawi; Lt. Gen. Sami Anan, chief of staff of the Egyptian army; and Air Marshal Ahmed Shafiq, minister for civil aviation.
Others reported to have attended the council's emergency meeting on Thursday include Vice Adm. Mohab Mamish, the Navy commander-in-chief; Air Marshal Reda Mahmoud Hafez Mohamed, commander of the Air Force; and Lt. Gen. Abd El Aziz Seif-Eldeen, commander of air defense.
Suleiman's status unclear
The status of Suleiman, who announced Mubarak's resignation in a short statement on Egypt's state-run TV on Friday, was unclear.
STRATFOR, a U.S.-based "global intelligence" firm, said in an email alert to its subscribers on Friday that "Suleiman's statement is the clearest indication thus far that the military has carried out a coup led by … Defense Minister Tantawi. It is not clear whether Suleiman will remain as the civilian head of the army-led government."
And U.S. officials, speaking on condition of anonymity, told NBC News that the senior Egyptian military officials turned on Mubarak Thursday night, after the president "called an audible on them" and refused to resign in a national address.
The officials, who stopped short of describing the military's ascension as a coup, said they expect Suleiman to essentially fade from view, arguing that he cast his fate with Mubarak and that hurt him with his military colleagues.
Whatever Suleiman's role going forward, the military council's members presumably have big stakes in maintaining the political and economic status quo, said Hashemi, a member of msnbc.com's panel of experts that has been answering questions on the crisis since shortly after the protests erupted on Jan. 25.
"In any authoritarian system … one way of solidifying political power and establishing loyalty is to give over parts of the economy to the military, so they have a much bigger investment in the political system as it exists," he said. "Many in the senior military corps have made lots of money by virtue of the positions they hold. … Exactly how much money is at stake and which generals have what we don't know because it is an authoritarian system. But we can assume they stand to lose not just politically but economically if there is a transition to democracy."
Council promises 'legitimate' government
The military council has promised a free and fair presidential election for September, and on Friday a spokesman said in a brief statement on state-run TV that it will not act as a substitute for a "legitimate" government.
"We know the extent of the gravity and seriousness of this issue and the demands of the people to initiate radical changes," the statement said. "The higher military council is studying this issue to achieve the hopes of our great people.
"The council will issue a statement outlining the steps and procedures and directives that will be taken, confirming at the same time that there is no alternative to the legitimacy acceptable to the people."
Robert Danin, a former deputy assistant secretary of state for Near East Affairs and now a senior Fellow for Middle East and Africa Studies with the Council on Foreign Relations, said that the coming weeks will be key in determining whether the ruling council intends to follow through on its promises or is hoping to defuse the protests and make only minor concessions.
"The military has responded to the will of the people in a way that the Mubarak government did not," he said. "They military say they will lead the way toward democratic civilian rule — they will have to demonstrate in the days and weeks ahead that they are committed to that, and not to simply replacing one military man with another."


text:
Well i have been having a discussion with a theist and he has just brought up the modal ontological argument. I have now done some research on modal logic and have sites marked to further educate myself on it, but i am still way to new to it to have any clue whether my argument holds water or not, and i would really apreciate some help.
the argument he used goes like this
"1. It is possible that a maximally great being exists.
2. If it is possible that a maximally great being exists, then a maximally great being exists in some possible world.
3. If a maximally great being exists in some possible world, then it exists in every possible world.
4. If a maximally great being exists in every possible world, then it exists in the actual world.
5. If a maximally great being exists in the actual world, then a maximally great being exists.
6. Therefore, a maximally great being exists."- him
to which, after very little research i replied with
"Now the modal ontological argument is not proof of anything .The modal ontological argument applies a string of logic but fails to test the logic. If the same string of logic can be used to come to an opposite conclusion, then the logic has been disproven through contradiction.
1) It is possible that a maximally great being does not exist.
2) If it is possible that a maximally great being does not exist, then a maximally great being does not exist in some possible world.
3) If a maximally great being does not exist in some possible world, then a maximally great being does not exist in any possible world.
4) If a maximally great being does not exist in every possible world, a maximally great being does not exist in the actual world.
5) If a maximally great being does not exist in the actual world, then a maximally great being does not exist.
6) Therefore maximally great being does not exist.
This uses the exact same logic to reach an opposite conclusion that is at odds with the original conclusion. This proves that the logic of the MOA is completely faulty and as such, illogical."-my reply
To which he replied
"The issue I hold that you does not effectively deny the rationality of there existing God. Here I would re-enter the absence of evidence ,does not, = evidence of absence argument. Due to the nature of the atheist's presuppositional base for the arguments against the existence of God, it undermines the evidences that are provided for the existence of God because to say there is no evidence for the existence of God suffices to say that the atheist's knows all possible proofs that God exists, which is logically absurd. This is what I meant with my ontological argument as a preface for the evidence of absence. There is enough rational proof for the existence of God and that's where Plantinga's argument comes into play. Philosophically, it is possible. Yes, you can flip the logic but I don't believe that's sufficient enough to prove the argument holistically false. The difference here is I am saying that a maximally great being is necessarily possible and not simply possible. The reason for providing Plantinga's argument in the first place is because I am meaning to exhibit that there are no logical objections to the maximally great being unless the objector can prove that to be false. Rendering us back to premise 1. that it is possible. " - hes reply
Now this is where i am at the moment. now form my limited understanding it seems the major problem with this argument is that it uses two different meanings for the word possibility and only gets away with this argument by confusing them. the one type of possibility has to do with something that is either true or false but which the laws of logic cannot say one way or the other . such as the possibility england will win tomorrows rugby match.
The other possibility seems to be a logical possibility, something that has always been either true or false and always will be either true or false and so then has to be neccesarily true or false. and the only reason we can call it a possibility is because we do not have the answer yet.
Now this is what i have come up with so far to answer back to what he replied just and i would like to know if it is valid or not
" what i am saying is that this argument proves nothing. lets us replace god with some other proposition which is possible and if true is neccaserily true for all possible worlds , but that we do not know the answer to. lets call it (x) and (x)= the statement that the 12 billionth and first digit of pi is a 7. now we dont know the answer so it is possible that (x) is true , and if true in any world it would be true in all worlds,so if true it is neccaseraly true. now i will use your exact same argument
1. It is possible that (x) is true
2. If it is possible that(x) is true , then (x) is true in some possible world.
3. If (x) is true in some possible world, then it true in every possible world.
4. If (x) is true in every possible world, then it true in the actual world.
5. If (x) is true in the actual world, then (x) is actualy true
6. Therefore, (x) must be true
Now we do not need to know the actual answer to be able to say this does not prove (x) is true. yes it is possible (x) true, there is a 1/10 chance it is, but this does not prove it is true and we do not need to be able to prove (x) is untrue to be able to say this does not prove anything."
Now this seems fine to me and the only objection i can think of is if , in modal logic, it is possible for worlds to exist where logical and mathematical truths are not true any longer. ie if there is a world where 2+2=563 or something
Views: 774
Okay, yet I am still confused about one thing though.
The difference between these sentences: 1. It is possibly necessarily true that unicorns exist and 2. it is possible that unicorns exist. If I understand correctly by S5 in 1. you leave out the qualifier possibly and retain the sentence that it is necessarily true that unicorns exist and with 2. that (if it is possible that unicorns exist) it is necessarily possible that unicorns exist.
What does this mean with respect to the set of logically possible worlds? Well I would think that 1 then becomes unicorns exist in all logically possible worlds and 2 that is (necessarily) possible (but not necessary) that unicorns exist in all logically possible worlds.
What am I overlooking here?
In addition I must apologize to James, because it appears I stole the example from him. (In fact I am ashamed to admit that it is even worse than that because I didn't. I'm just busy with way too many things and I suck even at serial multitasking.)
So if there's nothing special about the "maximally great" being that allows this to work, then you can just shoe-horn in anything you want, like unicorns or winning the lottery, right? To make a generic example, it essentially becomes "if something is not demonstrably impossible, then it exists."
If so, I fail to see why experts consider this legitimate. If anything, it just demonstrates a flaw in modal logic. But maybe I'm still missing something.
So does the S5 axiom have legitimate uses in other contexts? Is that why it is not rejected outright?
OK, I've been reading this page that Albert posted later in the thread.
Based on this:
Plantinga defines God as necessary... God, then, either does not exist or he exists in all possible worlds.
Axiom S5 requires a proposition that, if true, can only be necessarily true, and which is possibly true, to be necessary. In other words, Axiom S5 states that if something's definition only allows it to be true or to exist necessarily, then if there is a possible world in which it is true or exists, it is true or exists in all possible worlds.
It sounds like this argument only works for things that are by definition necessary (exist in all worlds), which would not apply to unicorns or winning the lottery, right? Those things are just possible, but not "possibly necessary" like Plantinga's God. If so, then you can't just substitute any old silly thing in this argument for "God" like a lot of people are trying to do.
"Few people without some knowledge of modal logic will know that arguments using modal logic are representative of a legitimate field of study."
Just reading this thread made my phreakin' head hurt! I am completely ignorant about a lot of subjects and modal logic is there at the top.
But I do have one simple honest question: Are there practical applications for modal logic? If so, what would be a layman's example? Thanks.
Also computer science to an extent I think. I'm pretty sure it's the Matrix.
[Thanks Greg for suggesting a few introductory books on modal logic. I am getting convinced that it'll be a good thing if I am to gain some basic understanding of this stuff.]
WTF, I gotta lay down after reading that...lol.
Simply reasoning something into existence without any credible evidence to support that claim (notice I didn't say no evidence, because there's plenty of poor "evidence" that gets thrown around) doesn't make it believable. So, your friend has come to the conclusion, through the use of logic, that such a being does exist. I'd say fine, for the sake of argument, concede the point and ask him to present evidence that supports its existence. This argument alone isn't proof of existence any more than your counter argument is proof of non-existence. Perhaps you should remind him that most atheists accept the (remote)possibility that some god may exist, but in the absence of convincing/credible evidence, have no reason to believe it.
The type of argument/ discussion you're engaged in with your friend always seem like a pointless exercise in mental masturbation. Personally, I think the physical act is a more worthwhile pursuit.
Problem with "every possible world": one absolutely possible world would be one which is totally bereft of life of any sort, physical OR spiritual. I think that ***ks up the argument pretty badly right there.
Also, one perpetual problem with all ontological arguments is that whatever that being is is God. Now, is that Jehovah or Allah or Krishna or Ahura Mazda? You see, this is what renders the ontological argument unmoving for so many people, who don't want to be convinced that SOME deity exists, but that THEIR deity exists. That is one thing the ontological argument fails to do miserably.
You see, this is what renders the ontological argument unmoving for so many people, who don't want to be convinced that SOME deity exists, but that THEIR deity exists.
True, but it's an important step. First prove there is *a* god, then prove that God is whichever one you prefer. William Lane Craig (I know, bad example) does this: ontological argument to prove there is a god, then uses the "evidence" of Jesus' resurrection to "prove" it's the Christian God.
Yeah, but like I said, "one absolutely possible world would be one which is totally bereft of life of any sort, physical OR spiritual." The argument falls flat on its face right there.


text:
cpautsch needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 46 designs submitted by 26 freelance designers.
We need a logo design that works well on a white background and can be used in various formats such as a print, web, and embroidered on apparel. Please see our current logo at http://www.keylimetie.com. We are very happy with the color and font used however the black background has caused problem with print material. We also need a logo/image that can be used with the example text logo.
web design studio
Desired Color Scheme:
green (keylime) and other contrasting colors
Accepted File Formats:
EPS (vector-based for printing)
Here are some questions and answers that might help you out:
Project Summary:
Q: What text should be included in the main part of the logo?
"keylimetie" or "KeylimeTie"
Q: What type of product or service do you offer?
Strategic Consulting
Identity & Brand Development
Integrated Marketing Communications
Website Design & Development
Information Architecture
Custom Software Solutions
Content Management Systems
Search-Engine Marketing & Optimization
Email Marketing Campaigns
Q: What do you hope to accomplish with your new identity?
Instant company recognition or branding.
Q: What are your long term goals?
We want to generate a nationally recognized brand.
Audience Profile:
Q: Please describe your existing audience.
Business Owners, technology stakeholders and decision makers.
Q: Do you have any colors in mind for your logo? (if so, why?)
Green is one color that should be incorporated due to the keylime name.
Q: Do you have any specific images or icons in mind that you would definitely like to see incorporated into your logo?
Probably makes sense to include a tie and/or lime. The necktie/bowtie is probably necessary to avoid confusion with keylime PIE.
Communication Strategy:
Q: What attributes would you like your logo to reflect about your business?
We'd like to keep it simple so that it can be used in a variety of formats...as a website logo, business cards, brochures and embroidered apparel.
Q: What is your tagline or slogan?
Website Studio can be used but is not required.
Q: What is the overall message you are trying to convey to your target audience?
That we are professional and are extremely experienced in this industry
Q: Where will your new logo be used?
Web site primarily, but will be used on business cards, letterhead, shirts and hats (embroidered), etc.
Competitive Positioning:
Q: Who are your competitors and what do you think about their logos? (list competitive URLs)
Q: What sets you apart from your competitors?
We've been doing business with large companies for more than 10 years and have recently packaged our services and products so that they are affordable for small and medium business.
Targeted Message:
Q: State a single-minded word or phrase that will appropriately describe your company:
Where customer service comes first!
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


text:
Is Russia Preparing to Invade Ukraine?
U.S. officials believe that Russia is massing troops along the Ukraine border in possible preparation for an invasion. Meanwhile in Kiev, Ukrainian nationalists rallied outside parliament. Via The Foreign Bureau, WSJ's global news update. Photo: AP
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the rule I the eye ... if he's rush of living in invasion of Ukraine ... these are scenes of what the Kremlin called military exercises earlier in March ... as Russian troops in peace team drills near the Ukraine border ... now U S officials are saying that some fifty thousand Russian troops have massed near Ukraine ... actively concealing their positions and establishing logistical supply lines ... raising concerns the Moscow is prepping for another major incursion into Ukraine ... the Russian foreign ministry countered on Friday in a statement ... saying the Western observers have found no evidence of the military buildup along the border ... another ominous developed one of Russia's main justifications for its recent annexation of Crimea ... was the threat of violence against Russian speakers Ukrainian far right nationalist ... on Thursday AP reports that hundreds of protesters for re Ukrainian nationalist party called REIT sector ... gathered outside the entrances stormed the parliament building in Kiev ... to demand an investigation into the death of their leader Alexandre moose each co ... who was killed while the government tried to arrest him in an organized crime investigation ... acting Ukrainian President Alexandre Turton off said that the protesters were buying into Russia's case with dad ... the unit ... says desperate to live with their talent ... says yes ... the rest of the ... digi cousin Wesley is the latest sale is ... not a lot of Nestle Korean ... is the Foreign Bureau Billy USG's global news update ...