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Michael Wu, Ph.D. is Lithium's Principal Scientist of Analytics, digging into the complex dynamics of social interaction and group behavior in online communities and social networks.
Michael was voted a 2010 Influential Leader by CRM Magazine for his work on predictive social analytics and its application to Social CRM.He's a regular blogger on the Lithosphere's Building Community blog and previously wrote in the Analytic Science blog. You can follow him on Twitter at mich8elwu.
Hello and welcome back. I must apologize that I've been a little behind on my blogging. I was at SugarCon last week and didn't have much time to blog in the last week or two while dealing with my engineering responsibilities. By the way, my SugarCon presentation on The Physics of Influence has been uploaded here. Feel free to view and share.
In my last post, I finished the theoretical analysis of gamification via Fogg's Behavior Model (FBM), examining the three factors in FBM: Motivation, Ability, and Trigger, and showing how they manifest themselves in various game mechanics and game dynamics. So, what's the big deal? The deal is that well designed games are able to solve complementary (and relatively much harder) problems than social networks do. If used properly, gamification is able to drive long term engagement and persistent actions reliably.
Connection vs. Interaction
Social networks connect people. In other words, social networks determine who can potentially interact with whom. However, social networks do not determine the level of interaction (how deep, how frequent, etc.) between any pair of connected individuals. Clearly, if two persons are not connected, there won't be any interaction; but simply because two people are connected, it doesn't automatically imply they will interact. A connection on the social network can only guarantee the potential to interact, but not the actual level of interaction.
Take a look at your own social network (e.g. Facebook, LinkedIn, etc.); do you interact with every one of your friends (connections) with an equally high frequency? My guess is probably not (I know I certainly don't). The question is why not, even though you are connected? The reason is, although interaction implies connection, the reverse is not true. A connection between two people tells you nothing about their level of interaction. If two persons are connected, they may have very high level of interactions, or have absolutely no interaction at all.
It is easy to create a connection, since it only required a simple initial action to connect (or accept your friend's invitation to connect). Therefore, according to the FBM, people will create connections. The social networking platform then automatically maintains these connections for us indefinitely, no further action is required. A high level of interaction is much harder to maintain, because it requires many subsequent actions to persist over time, long after the initial action of connecting.
This is where gamification comes in. A good game not only drives the initial action, it can reliably and predictably drive persistent actions (or interaction) in the future. That is something that connections on social networks cannot offer. Why is this important for enterprises? Primarily because the value comes from subsequent actions and interactions are much greater than the value initial connection.
Realizing the Value of Your Connections (Fans)
When you acquire fans on your fan page, they simply establish a connection with your brand. This connection has a lot of latent value waiting to be realized. Otherwise, investors and analysts wouldn't peg Facebook's valuation at $40 billion. So what precisely are these latent values, and how can they be realized?
Think about all the different reasons why you would maintain a connection with someone, say Bob, who you don't communicate or interact with regularly. Maybe Bob can help you get a job in the future, or perhaps he could accommodate you when you are stuck in his home town due to a canceled flight. The potential value is limitless. However, none of these values can be realized until you start communicating and interacting with Bob. In other words, if there is no interaction, then the latent value of the connection cannot and will not be realized.
Value through Influence
The same can be said for enterprises. A fan can potentially bring many values to an enterprise. For example, he can influence other fans, customers, or consumers through word of mouth (WOM). If you browsed through my SugarCon slides, you would find that our research showed that WOM influence can bring value to an organization through two different mechanisms:
The caveat is that without interaction, there can be no influence. If you get a fan that never interacts with others, then there is no way he can influence others. Although interaction does not guarantee influence, it is required. This is manifested in my influence model as one of the six necessary factors - high bandwidth. Whether the interaction is direct (e.g. communication through various social channels) or indirect (e.g. through recommendations, or other user generated contents), it requires your fan to take some actions after connecting to your brand by clicking the "Like" button. A fan that never takes any action to interact is actually useless to you, because the latent value in the connection can never be realized.
Value through Loyalty
Another way that fans can be valuable to an enterprise is by being loyal to the brand. Aside from having greater customer lifetime value (CLV) through persistent consumption, loyal customers also offer greater opportunities for up-selling and cross-selling. But does being a fan on your Facebook fan page make him loyal? Maybe, maybe not.
To ensure loyalty, enterprises need to convert a connection (a fan on your Facebook fan page) into a real fan. Facebook fans are not necessarily true fans in real life, because it is too easy to become a Facebook fan. Since all it takes is a single click to be a Facebook fan, virtually anyone can be your Facebook fan. So fandom on Facebook loses its meaning and no longer has any reliable association to the fans' actual level of loyalty.
To turn your Facebook fans into real fans (or superfans), enterprises need to build deeper and stronger relationships with them. This requires interaction between your fans and your brand. It would be very difficult to build any relationship with someone who never interacts with you.
So what did we learn today?
1. Social networks build connections that give people the potential to interact, but these connections are not indicative of subsequent actions and interactions.
2. The latent value of a connection is the potential to interact, and when people actually interact they can realize this value.
a). Interacting with other consumers enables WOM influence
- Increases the acquisition of new customers
- Accelerates adoption of new products for existing customers
b). Interacting with brands builds deeper and stronger customer relationship
- Increase customer loyalty and CLV
- Offer greater opportunities for up-selling and cross-selling
3. If you think the connections established by social networks (e.g. fans on your Facebook fan page) are valuable, then gamification is even more valuable due to its ability to drive subsequent actions/interactions.
Finally, I must emphasize again that a connection does have intrinsic value, since it is a prerequisite for subsequent interactions. Interactions simply create greater value. The social gaming industry (e.g. Zynga) would not have gained such a huge market if it weren't for the existing connections on Facebook. However, just having the connections on Facebook is by themselves is insufficient to drive the level of interactions you see on social gaming platforms.
Connections are easy to establish, because it only requires an initial action to connect. Subsequent interactions are much harder to facilitate. Many fan pages are collecting thousands of dead fans who never take any action to interact, either with the brands or with other consumers. However, well designed games are able to drive interactions reliably on the social graph. So you should start embracing gamification. Without games, the latent value of your connections (e.g. Facebook fans) may never be realized to its full potential.
Alright, next time let's look at another application of gamification in the e2.0 and productivity context. In the mean time, I welcome any discussion as usual. Stay tuned for more applications of gamification.
What a great distinction. It is very easy to make a facebook page or a twitter account and make connections; though, what really sets an enterprise apart is the level of interaction they take with these opportunities. This next-level interaction that "gamification" brings is and has been utilized by leading enterprises and it is really great to get your thoughtful and well-writen background on why it is so powerful. Thank you for all your hard work.
Hi Mike!
I was reading CLV article from Wiki. And you know, these 2 situations with "nature of the customer relationship".
Pure mathematics depends on this real customers behaivor .. in future. Classically it s calculated as function from preexisting dynamics. But games are some turbulent for these "order" of things (everyday customer actions).
How strong can we predict given gamification outputs for CLV migration? Throught Retention rate?
Hello Hunter,
You got it.
Facebook fans, twitter followers, Linkedin connections, or any connections on social network are only valuable because of their latent value. However, none of those latent values can be realized without interaction.
The key is that connections will saturate as people make more and more connections, because these connections persistent. Once you are connected, you are connected indefinitely until you disconnect with your connection. But interaction is not cumulative. If 2 persons stop interacting today, the level of interaction between them will start to drop. So maintaining interactions is much harder than maintaining connections.
So I just want to point out that interactions can bring much greater value than connections, and gamification can help us do that by the FBM (i.e. by creating a convergence of motivation, ability and trigger).
Thank you for the comment. Glad to see you back and hope to see you again next time.
Hello Andrei,
That is true. Ideally, CLV should depend on the future customer behavior, but classically, CLV is computed based on pre-existing customer dynamics. The assumption that you have to make is that the future behavior is similar to the past. That is the assumption that is built-in to the CLV calculation, because there is no better way to predict future customer behavior.
Other factors, such as discount rate, retention cost, etc., can be model more accurately and extrapolate into the future. So we do not have to make such a strong assumption. There, we can let the model tell us what their future value should be.
As for gamification, it will probably alter the churn rate if the gamification process is design to increase brand loyalty. This could only give us a change in the mean and confidence level of the future churn rate. Beyond that, we still need to make the assumption that future churn rate is either similar to present, or follows a conservative trend determined by gamification.
To your question of how strong can gamification alters the CLV. Well, that depends on how good you designed your gamification process. You just have to implement it, collect some data, and watch how the churn rate change over time and get and estimate of the trend in churn rate. There is no magic about it. We still need to gather data, do the standard statistics, and iterate to get the answer.
I hope this address your question. Thanks for the comment and see you next time.
Hello Ned,
There are actually many CLV models out there. Which one you want to use depends on how opportunistic you are. Personally, I think that the actual CLV should really depend on the hard numbers. Otherwise we are just fooling ourselves. You can assign some small amount of value to being a fan, but what if this fan never interact and never realize his value? We had seen the effect of people being too opportunistic with the housing/credit bubble already, there is no need to artificially inflate the social value in CLV that may or may not be realized.
Let me clarify that doesn't mean that you should only use the most conservative model. We should include a customer referral value term in the CLV if we have customer referral data, how many of the referred actually became customers, and how much they purchased. The model can include many terms that are not traditionally included in the CLV calculation, but only if we have data for those terms.
With the example you gave about fans, if you don't have data on the fraction of your fans who actually purchased, and how much difference they make in revenue compare to non-fan customers, then you shouldn't include them in your model. If you have those data, then sure... use them by all means.
About gamification's ability to drive persistent actions, that is basically what I've been talking about in the last 5 post on the science behind why gamification is able to drive action so effectively. Basically, it is the FBM (i.e the convergence of Motivation, Ability and Trigger).
The key to driving persistent actions long term is to understand the psychology of flow. No fixed gamification scheme can work forever. People change, and your gamification scheme must adapt. And good gamification includes this adaptive process. I will try to expand on this idea a bit, but I don't want to just list a series of gaming dynamics that you can find elsewhere. Let's see if I can turn this idea into a post.
Alright, I hope this address your question. Thanks again for coming back and for the discussion. See you next time.
Hi Michael,
Couple of clarifications. My intention was not to say that hard numbers should be replaced in the CLV modeling. A good CLV model can be a good proxy for customer value evaluation - but for that there has to be measurable and quantifiable metrics incorporated into it. Neither did I mean we should artificially inflate the social value.
However, I absolutely do believe (this is of course my own personal bias) that we can build better and more accurate CLV models by going beyond the transactional piece. There are many other great measures that can be incorporated - you mention referral value and that is definitely a good one; you can even put a score to social aspects & interactions (of course, the big assumption here is that you have a process set up to identify and link this information with the data from other channels).
But forget social for a moment. I think the CLV can be strengthened by looking at customer interactions with even your traditional channels. I don't have empirical proof, but I am pretty sure not many folks look at customer interaction with sales, customer support, in-store etc. as components of CLV.
The same goes for loyalty. In a relationship, the true measure of loyalty is when things go bad. And that is why I think measuring the "bad" events and incorporating them in your analysis is as important as the good ones. (If a customer keeps coming back even after an "issue", that to me gives a different signal than a customer who never had issues -- all other things being equal).
Anyway, these are some of my thoughts...:-).
On the gamification point, I should have worded it differently, You are absolutely right -- your past articles provided an excellent summary on the concepts and the why/how etc. I was just thinking out loud on how best one can incorporate the results from gamification into customer value modeling & predictive analytics.
Hello Ned,
Thank you for coming back and continuing the discussion.
I guess we have different ideas about CLV models. You seem to think of traditional CLV model, where as I think about all the new agent based model developed recently and contains many terms such as referral, loyalty, etc. And I think we both agree that CLV models should only include terms to the extend where data is available. Without real data that is tied to real transactions, we can artificially inflate the CLV of a customer.
For example, if there is a referral term in your CLV model. And you have referral data, say you know I referred 100 friends. However, you don't have the transaction piece of this referral. That is, you don't know how many of my 100 friends actually buy, or how much they actually spent. Then there is a danger to assign some value to my referral term. Just because we have referral data, doesn't mean we know their value. If we assume 1% of my referred friends buy, then that is an assumption. It better be backed up by hard transaction data in the past. The value component of each of the CLV terms should still be based on real transaction.
I hope this clarifies what I meant. CLV should include terms that takes into account of social interactions (ie referral etc). And many CLV models do. The problem is people may not have all the data to use those newer models. And by putting in numbers that are not based on transaction history, they risk inflating the CLV of the customers.
To see the effect of gamification on CLV, we really just have to implement it and see how it change the slope of each of the CLV terms in the model over time. I briefly described that at the end of my reply to Andrei (above).
OK, thanks for the discussion again. Definitely appreciate it.
Excellent, as always. I completely agree on the distinction between connection v. interaction. I liken it to potential v. kinetic energy.
Gamification is certainly on my mind and in my strategies for the firms I work with, but other than companies that engage foursquare, fb, and other shopkick type applications I don't see much in the way of companies instituting gaming practices to increase individual interactions.
I like what Mashable is doing with their new "follow" program but they don't need to monetize individual CLV.
Do you have some specific examples that pay off how gamification can "reliably and predictably drive persistent actions"?
Thanks for the compelling content--love it that you've tied in the "flow" concept from Csikszentmihalyi!
Hi Michael,
You are right - I was referring to the traditional CLV models as my assumption was that a majority of the readers will be having that mental model (unless one is really into analytics & modeling in which case as you said they will be aware of the newer variations and inputs that can be modeled in).
Irrespective, I think we are almost on the same page. Like you, I also strongly support inputs that are quantifiable and measurable. The only slight deviation we have in our approach is the weight placed on latent constructs as denoted by info like referal data. I think depending on the goals and intent behind creating the model (driving awareness, retention, cross-sell/upsell etc.), I still think referral data & social data can be put to good use even without real transactions behind it 🙂
Thanks for a good discussion.
Hello Killian,
Thank you for the comment and the nice note.
Being a Physics undergrad and a Biophysics PhD I can certainly appreciate you making the connection to potential energy and kinetic energy. The only difference is that potential energy is a true form of energy, but the latent value in connections do not necessarily have real value. When we make analogy, we always have to be careful where the similarity ends.
The application of gamification is only limited by your creativity. Gamification.org maintains a pretty good list of gamification stories by industry. If you are looking for specific example, I suggest you look there. However, to give you an idea how gamification can be use creatively, take a look at this application for the Speed Camera Lottery.
Yeah, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi is definitely one of my favorite psychologist in the 20th century. His work on flow has profound implications in both gamification and non-game settings. I actually had the honor of meeting him in person at a conference.
Thanks again for stopping by. See you again next time.
Hello Ned,
Thank you for coming back again and glad to hear that we are on the same page.
You are absolutely right. If you want CLV to model the monetary value of customers, then you must tie it back to the transactions. But if you only want awareness, or something fluffier, then sure, you can make some assumptions on their value. Personally, I don't believe people can quantify true awareness perfectly anyway (unless people are all wear some kind of neural sensory devices), so it doesn't hurt you much to make wilder assumptions there.
But ROI is a clear and defined quantity and it means money, not awareness, referral, loyalty, or even fans or interactions for that matters. So we must be careful when we say CLV, and we should be clear what kind of value we are talking about.
Thank you again for the excellent discussion. See you again later.
Hi Mike!
I see your great discussion with Ned!
Let me ask 2 questions about.
1. How strong does newest CLV models be moderated with only transactions (purchases) logic?
Can we assign, for ex., monetary values for some types of interactions between customers - such as social support (high expertising or simply "helping" Q&A) or R&D ("good ideas" that works). It requires to see customer as not only buying being, but also collaborative with a company.
2. And I think it is some extend of one logic CLV, CRV or СNV to calculate ROI.
Hello Andrei,
Thanks for the great question.
However, the answer is that this is still a research question which we do not know the answers. We have the methodology, but we still need to get the data. Our platform does not track transactions. If you have transaction data from companies, please let me know. I'm happy to analyze it.
Modern CLV includes many terms, referral, network, co-innovation, even lurking. But how much do each one of these contribute? We'll have to wait for the data to tell us. Without data, we are just guessing, and I don't like to speculate, so I am not going to. Maybe the data will tell us some of these terms don't even matter. That is not to say they have no value. They do! Just that they may be only 0.0001% of the total ROI, so we don't even need to care about it. But we just don't knonw the answer yet.
BTW, I'm curious do you use Google translate or other machine translation tools to help you post your questions? I can't help noticing some of the machine like colloquialism in all your comments.
Anyway, thank you for coming back with questions. And thank you for your interest and determination that overcome the language barrier. See you next time.
Hi Mike!
I am not using Google Translate. It is simple my current language skills level.
I understand your not-speculative and empirical spirit.
Really I am going to make analysis of social support efficiency of the "freewill" support activity by one auto brand customers (on small communities of brand|product specific forums). And I will to demonstrate financial impact of this activity by attributing nominal $ to some typs of helpers acivity (solving some valueable problems in requests of another customers - if it is impactfull for the company).
And I think that it is a long "causal road/chain" from this support for the customer (given it is impactfull for "loyalty") to transaction by the customer (purchase new auto or service). The problem is not to track (really in my case it is impossible 🙂) transactions and understand ROI for the given customer, but to attribute the value on the base of valid causal linking support and transaction.
I am interested in the vision of separated ROI for transactions (purshases) and support/service as both valuable actions for company bottom line. In another case my analysis is not 1$ worth.
It is simply my problem situation and I will only understand whether you can help me to solve it.
Hello Andrei,
I see. What is your native language? Just curious.
Support ROI is different from CLV. We have a pretty good model of support ROI through our call deflection model. And we have shown that even under very conservative assumptions our platform is able to generate demonstrable ROI. We have even built this into our platform as a ROI calculator. In the support ROI, it is a cost saving. So most companies know the precise amount they spend on maintaining other support channel. So we can easily demonstrate the cost saving ROI from social support.
I would just take analyses without hard data with a grain of salt. Anyone can come up with plausible causal links. And these links may be real and valid. But to make a claim that they are worth $xxx is a leap of faith that I am not willing to take without some hard data. That is not to say you shouldn't do it. Different people have different tolerance for risk and error. I just like my analyses clean and with as few assumptions. 🙂
So if you are interested in support ROI, maybe I can help you. But if it is something fluffier, than you'll have to wait till I get some more data.
Thank you for coming back and see you next time.
Thx, Mike!
My native language is Russian.
Yes, I am interesred in support ROI.
And I will not make something without hard data.
How can you help me, Mike?
Hello Andrei,
I see. I'd be happy to share with you our Support ROI calculation. Keep in mind that this is a call deflection model and rather specific to our platform, which keeps track of the participation data in our community. I will Twitter DM you my skype ID and/or other communication channels, then we can speak over skype or something with higher bandwidth. Sound good?
I'll have two travel/speaking engagement starting tomorrow for the next 2 week. So let's plan something after that.
Hello Mike!
It sounds good!
And deflection model is a start point to think about my value attribution problems.
My English is my shame, but not flame )
Let see whether we can really speak or chatting.
I've added you in Skype!
See you later!
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Do you want to run Java™ programs, or do you want to develop Java programs? If you want to run Java programs, but not develop them, download the Java Runtime Environment, or JRE™.
If you want to develop applications for Java, download the Java Development Kit, or JDK™. The JDK includes the JRE, so you do not have to download both separately.JRE 8u241 Checksum
Java SDKs and Tools
Java Resources

subset: commoncrawl


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Did you say you used J.E. Reel Drivelines in Pomona for driveshaft work?
Hey where are the heater hoses I should be checking on my truck for the heater that isnt working great?
hey there.. i'm near the pomona fair ground an near the corner near foothill an garey.
where in pomona you at?
How are you doing?Question for you.Do you know if blackwidow diesel is no more.Wont answear phones or return e-mails?
No problem been busy.I will call tomrow,thanks.
SoCAPS Member
SoCAPS President


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First, thank you to everyone who has shown such tremendous support for our fundraising campaign to help Kids Kicking Cancer. We are overwhelmed by your support and generosity!!!
Second, we wanted to give a timeline for the last days of the campaign. You may continue to send in your proof of donations to us via our campaign form AFTER making your donation directly to Kids Kicking Cancer via Network for Good until February 14 at 4pm EST. All checks received by tomorrow, February 13, will be processed before Feb. 14 at 4pm. DO NOT fill out the form if you sent in a check, we will do that for you.
The last two set visit recipients will be chosen tomorrow, February 13 after 4pm EST (UPDATED: Recipients chosen are: Elizabeth V. from Okatie, SC and Hyun A. from Williamsport, MD). The Date with Gerry will be awarded sometime after 6pm EST on Sunday, February 14.
All totals reported so far are estimated and donations made by recipients of all giveaway gifts will be verified with Kids Kicking Cancer before the gifts are processed.
Thank you again and GOOD LUCK!!!!
The Bounty Hunter has a new poster and the official website has been updated with wallpapers, icons, photos and cast/crew listings. Visit http://www.thepursuitbegins.com/ for all the latest!!


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Holiday Inn Virginia Beach - Norfolk
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Ermm, it has been 9 months I working n living in Sarawak, a lot of thing that I've experience which were in variety. When I look into the situation in Sarawak especially in Kuching area there a lot of things need to be improving for instance the attitude. I have been watching the driver over here have problem using signal light and loves to parks their vehicle in many ways. There few times I have problem with driver who doesn't give signal light to turn whether left or right which they almost hit me and luckily I manage to avoid them. They suddenly turn, "sesuka hati mak bapak diorg ja" and one more thing how they park their car, also like "sesuka hati mak bapak diorg ja". I don't know their mind set but I think they too much "advance" in the attitude.
Food over here quite ok but there a lot of improvement can be made in term of service provided to the customer. Can you image, the waiter/waitress will ignore you until you call them and guess what no menu were given. So you have to ask for it and waited for couple of minutes. I have been observed few restaurants in Kuching and Kota Samarahan area almost all have similar situation. That about the service and when into the taste of the food, some quite decent but majority the taste is consumable for you if you don't have any place to go. And the food price quite expensive when come into the quality and quantity of the food. This only my opinions base on my observation within 9 month in here. Maybe others people will have much better luck than me.
P/s maybe I will snap the picture as a proof. Should I?
The picture below were taken from Google image.


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by Carolyn Keefe, MLS, BirthNet, Albany, NY
We must at the same time, however, ensure that the statistics and references we use are accurate and can be examined by others. Only by using recognized and accessible sources can we develop and maintain our credibility. The evidence is in our favor, but no one will believe us if they can't examine it for themselves.
I've recently become concerned about this, as I've researched the cost of maternity care relative to other types of healthcare. Most of us have seen or heard the statement that "maternity care constitutes 20% of all health care costs." I wanted to see what that relationship has been historically, so I began to research this statistic. Susan gave me the original reference she had been given for this number, and I went to work tracking down the source used for it. I learned that the original source did not say anything of the sort and, in fact, didn't even address the issue of this relationship.
I later found the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), an agency of the federal Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Using HCUPNet, I discovered that, for hospital expenses at least, maternity care constitutes about 4 or 5% of healthcare costs. Although we are still talking about $28 billion dollars in costs and "Pregnancy, Childbirth & The Puerperium" is the fifth or sixth largest category, cardiac care is four times higher and around 20% of costs.
Furthermore, while the 4-5% figure is based on hospitalizations, non-maternity health care probably takes up an even larger chunk of health care costs than maternity care. Maternity care, while including some procedures, prescription drugs, provider time, and technology, may use far fewer resources than care for the elderly, for instance, or for those with cardiac illness, cancer, or diabetes. Also, maternity care rarely involves home health care (unfortunately) or transfers to skilled nursing facilities (thankfully). I haven't fully embraced that 4-5% number and plan to do more research, but I think it's pretty clear that the 20% figure is unlikely to be accurate.
Unfortunately, this 20% figure has been circulating and may cost us credibility with legislators or reporters who decide to track it down. We can still make the argument that the costs are too high, that there are too many surgical procedures related to birth, and that these issues affect large numbers of women, without overreaching based on questionable, if truly well-meaning sources.
During my training as a librarian, I was taught how to evaluate information and recognize authoritative sources – authoritative as in author, not necessarily authority. In other words, it's always important to know where the information is coming from and whether or not the source is reliable (or indeed the best source). This is even truer in the age of the Internet. Evaluating sources involves four basic criteria:
I also learned in library school that the US government is the largest collector and publisher of information and statistics in the world. Of course, you always have to "read the fine print" to understand what data was actually collected and how, in order to interpret the results. However, while no source of information is flawless or totally comprehensive, several things make using government information desirable.
First, it is free and easily accessible via the Internet. Second, it is a widely respected, relatively impartial source of information; so all parties can be on the same page. Finally, it's fairly consistent historically and geographically -- so the data can be compared using these criteria as well (though you may need to track down paper copies in depository libraries if you want to go back before 1994). As I said, it's not perfect or complete, but it's often a great place to start. Also, if you need help tracking down information, the authors of these publications are often happy to help.
Another good source of information can be associations or organizations, like Save the Children or the World Health Organization. Here we need to be careful however, because, as we know, some organizations and associations have distinct biases, which can make their information suspect. Professional organizations, for example, are best at providing information about the practitioners of their professions, but may not be as reliable as sources for information about which their members have a financial stake.
We've learned to mistrust ACOG largely because our experience has shown that some of their information is inaccurate and self-serving. Unfortunately, they are still the authority for most people in this country. To counter that situation, we must be even more scrupulous about ensuring that we know what we're talking about and can back it up.
=================Some Good Sources for Research and Information:
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Includes information about the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Evidence-based Practice, and Quality of Care
National Center for Health Statistics Primary Publications – Final Birth Data, Final Death Data, National Hospital Discharge Survey, Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report, Vital Statistics Reports, and various other studies.
National Library of MedicineSource for citations of journal articles and other medical research. Includes some abstracts and includes links to some journals.
Save the Children Publishes the annual State of the World's Mothers report, which has good maternal mortality rate info, among other data.
World Health Organization Research tools include the Library Database and Statistical Information Service
My alma mater's library also happens to have a great web page on this topic (as I'm sure many other libraries do). Click here to get more information or do an online tutorial.
Reprinted from Citizens for Midwifery News, Fall 2002. Permission to reprint with attribution.


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Calm down….
I've seen an extraordinary amount of, well, noise to be polite, about the most recent information from the PTR. I've seen it not only on the PTR forums but on several WoW sites that try to stay cutting edge in information. What's causing the crying, in short, is that resilience counters mana drains (including mana burn, viper sting…). Oh, but the Big Drainer (Warlock Drain Mana) got a buff to mana drain. For those not in arenas, the warlock buff increases their drain rate by 50%. Net effect at the top end (capped resilience, etc) which is usually IN arena is still an increase, though it's "only" about 20-25% depending on which details you include in "net". And the noise is…
ok. stop. I'm going to quote something from one of the Blizzard people, in the "Read This" posts on the PTR forums. Read it, then reread it, and we'll go from there.
With the release of patch 2.4.0 for testing, many players have questioned whether or not this is the extent of changes for this patch. Please be aware that we have changed how we are developing and testing this patch by adding to it progressively. What this means for players is that more additions, changes and even the possibility of removals can occur as the patch is tested. The current patch notes will be changing over time and are not finalized in their current incarnation. We have more planned for this patch and would ask everyone to please feel free to test the new changes as we go and provide feedback.
Read it twice? OK, now let me paraphrase.
Hi. Instead of "Big Ball of Wax," we've decided to put out a little at a time, make sure it's working, then add a bit more.
Now, this is actually pretty standard for smart test patch development. You recognize you have to do a whole bunch of interrelated things. But to simplify error checking and other things you put in one (or a small handful) of changes and see what they do. If they appear to be breaking things you determine whether the break is expected or not. Expected breaks are, well, when you know that if this were the only thing it would break the whole thing, but one of your OTHER parts is a balance, and once it's in place that'll fix the break.
Why is this really good? Let's say you've got 100 things that all affect player health. You put them all in, and suddenly almost every warrior in a party gets double health. That includes parties for PVP. Since we had 100 things that affect health we have to test all of them – plus a bunch of things to make sure they didn't modify something ELSE that modifies health.
Smaller changes are easier to error-check and error correct.
So here's the deal. Yes, if nothing is done to balance this is highly annoying. And I'm willing to put down good money that even after all balancing is done some people will claim it's broken everything and they'll just reroll or quit. But those two points aside, the reality is that there is more coming. Make your complaint, by all means. But gnashing your teeth and acting as though it's the end of the world is… just a tiny bit excessive.
If it bothers you that much, quit reading about upcoming patch changes for now. Heck, take some time away from your computer – go read a book, or walk a dog, or … seriously. The wild wailing does absolutely nothing beyond making folk wonder about your sense of balance.
It's a game. Have fun.
2 Responses to "Calm down…."
I still don't get why people complain about priest mana burn in the first place. Even with talents it's a long cast time that'e easy to counterspell or interrupt.


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Heart of Hospice Award goes to Bev Sloan
For the 15 years that she served as president/CEO of The Denver Hospice, Bev Sloan was truly the heart and soul of this nonprofit organization.
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She also founded the Life Quality Institute to provide training in palliative care to medical professionals and to the community. She also created an international partnership with Selian Lutheran Hospital in Tanzania, which has grown to bring end-of-life care to 5,400 people each year, many chronically ill with HIV.
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In a letter to Sloan, board chair John Horan and president Janelle McCallum note:"For over 15 years, you have helped redefine compassion, dignity and care at the end of life for thousands of people. You have been a champion for expanding care to those who need it most, regardless of their life-limiting diagnosis, standing in life or ability to pay.
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The dinner chairmen were board chair Horan, vice chair Wayne Nielsen and Mickey Ackerman, who started what for years was The Denver Hospice's signature fundraiser, the Mask Project.
Video vignettes shined a light on the high points of Sloan's tenure, and each was accompanied by remarks by those who'd worked closely with her: Dr. Daniel Johnson, physician lead for palliative care at Kaiser Permanente's Care Management Institute; Lisa Motz-Storey, chaplain and Africa hospice liaison at The Denver Hospice; Richard Baer, a registered nurse and former employee at The Denver Hospice; and board vice chair Nielsen.
The actual Heart of Hospice Award is a bronze sculpture created by local artist Tadd Moskal.
Joanne Davidson: 303-809-1314, email@example.com and @joannedavidson on Twitter


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Product codeOLWO/180
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Centers & Institutes
It's easy to appreciate the value of Georgetown's terrific location in the nation's capital.
But our strategic position in Washington, D.C., means more than just a short walk to the U.S. Capitol or the Supreme Court. Our centers and institutes play an important role in shaping public policy and debate, whether it's assisting the experts in researching global tobacco control or helping cities and states tackle the problems of climate change.
Regular lectures, conferences and symposia throughout the year allow students to join the conversation.


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California Prison Officials Rethink Use of Force on Mentally Ill Inmates
Prison Guards Would Be Required to Consider Mental-Health Status Before Using Force
California prison officials have proposed new policies regarding the use of force after videos of prison guards dousing mentally ill prisoners with pepper spray surfaced during a civil trial last year.
The changes are in response to a federal judge's ruling in April that found the state's treatment of these and other mentally ill inmates to be unconstitutional.
Sponsored Offers


text: This simple project shows, that 3xOsc is one of the best synthesizers. It combines good sound and low CPU usage. I strongly recommend this project to beginner music producers, it was made with FL Studio 10, but you can open it with FL Studio 9 too (fruity chorus will not open properly but this is small detail). There are no additional plugins.


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Today was one of my last days at home on the ranch before heading back to the Lake Placid Olympic Training Center to begin my competitive season. Last minute I decided to go home and help out, because I knew things were going to be a bit harder this year with the drought in the high plains of Kansas. Feed prices, corn, and overall care of the cattle is going to be a challenge this year. Dave Frisbie, one of my father's good friends, started my father in the cattle business, and he needed some help.
His cows were put on grass south of Goodland, Colorado, but had run out of grass to eat and needed to be moved. There were 90 pair (90 cows and 90 calves) and 6 bulls to be moved to some conservation reserve program (CRP) land on the opposite side of the town and an hour drive from where we live in western Kansas. The objective was to round up the cattle on four-wheelers, sort them, load them on semis, drive them to the CRP, and take the bulls home.
Sounds simple, but nothing ever goes as planned. The first round-up was quick, but then sorting them and loading them onto the three semis took some time. The calves were so big that the three semi trailers were not enough! We had to load the rest on to the trailer we brought our four-wheelers on. So, we left our four-wheelers behind in the snowstorm and unloaded the 90 pair on another farm about 40 minutes away. Along our route of dirt roads, one of the semis did not approach the first hill fast enough. The dirt had turned to mud due to the sleet and snowstorm, so the semi started to spin out and roll backwards. We were behind him, and Eddie (Dave's 16 year old son) was driving us. Luckily he'd been driving farm vehicles for at least 6 years so knew to stop early, to wait and see if the semi would make it up the hill. My eyes got big as I watched the semi jack knife on the muddy hill. I kept thinking, "What will happen to the 44 cattle in the trailer?!" Help was on the way…in minutes the residents of a local farm were already there in a big green John Deer Tractor. The semi had managed to wedge it self sideways on the road with the cab facing up the hill, but the trailer was perpendicular to it, taking up the entire road. The tractor just went around, hooked up to the cab with a chain, and pulled the whole thing straight and we were on our way. I had never seen anything like it – people took care of each other, with no need to ask.
Once we unloaded the cattle, we went back, loaded the bulls and the four-wheelers, and went back to the CRP. In the meantime, the cows had gotten out of their pen but needed to be taken farther to another pasture. We jumped back on our four-wheelers in the sleet and snow and chased the 190 head of cattle another 5 miles. As we worked our way deeper in to the CRP, leading them to water tanks, a three-legged dog jumped on my four-wheeler and rode with me to the end.
Once the cattle were finally settled we loaded up and headed home, after a long 15-hour day of work.


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If you want to be seen and heard,
Then you have to become a freelancer Preferred.
- Anonymous Preferred Freelancer
At the very beginning, just one in ten of my newly awarded projects was Preferred. Back then, I used to think that this Program would be nothing more than just one more shiny achievements badge on my profile. Then, a Preferred project worth a thousand dollars changed all of that.
Show Me The Money, Preferred Honey!
Just to clarify something. Before joining the Preferred Program I was a five-star rated freelancer for a couple of years. Yet, I've never won a single project worth a thousand dollars. Why? Well, there are two reasons. The first one was that being a writer you don't see too many of high-value projects. Compared to the developers, for example. In the best case scenario, you win a project that's worth a few hundred dollars. And that's it. A one time gig. The second more important reason had to do with the Freelancer's fees system.
If you want to bid on a project for a price of a thousand dollars, you have to be prepared to pay a hundred dollars as soon as you accept it. Right? Long story short, that was both huge commitment and risk for me. The best thing I could do is just avoid these four-figure-projects. When I won my first one thousand dollars project ever, which was a Preferred one, I realized that I would have to pay the fees when I get paid. That was a revolutionary change that allowed me to bid on high-value projects freely and boldly.
Pretty soon I won my second high-value project, then third. Then, I lost count. In 2017, Preferred projects represented more than 30% of all projects won and successfully accomplished on Freelancer. This year, I'm getting close to the fifty-fifty ratio. There were days when I had 3 or 4 Preferred projects won in a row. There were weeks when I just couldn't find time to bid and work on "regular" non-Preferred projects. I know freelancers, my Preferred colleagues, who now work exclusively on Preferred projects.
Top Gun for Preferred Freelancers and Clients
I don't want to use the word "best," but Preferred Program leave me no choice. I'm not saying that you will find the best clients there are in this Program, but the fact is undeniable. These clients mean business! They've paid extra to find the best freelancer this platform has to offer. In most of the cases, the price isn't their priority, but rather the quality of work. In Preferred Program I needed just one or two of these projects in a month to make as much as I used to earn from a dozen of regular projects before.
So, what does it mean for me to be a Preferred freelancer? Guess, it's a little bit of both prestige and a great money-making opportunity.
To Be A Preferred Freelancer or Not To Be Freelancer At All
If you want to be a new sheriff in town, you have to have the badge. Right? I have to be totally honest about it. I can't live without my Preferred Badge. I just realized that I've worked on more than a hundred Preferred projects. What would I do without all that money? I guess that the quality of life I provide for my family would've suffered a lot.
I've been a freelancer for more than six years now. I've worked on more than a thousand projects. Believe me when I say, when it comes to freelancing, I've seen and I've done it all. Freelancer isn't the only platform for freelancers out there, but Preferred Program is one of its kind. There are similar stand-out-from-the-crowd features on other freelance websites, but they are so static to say at least. You get a nice looking star or your profile gets highlighted and that's all. There are no project assistants (Recruiters) to help you. There's no VIP feeling that keeps you moving.
Do you know how I know that today is going to be a good day for freelancing? Well, I just got my new Preferred invitation. Time to polish my Preferred badge!


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The Software-Defined Data Center (SDDC) platform supports any device, any app and any cloud. It brings together VMware's compute, storage and network virtualization into a natively integrated stack, delivering enterprise-ready cloud infrastructure capabilities that are common to both private and public clouds.
VMware Cloud Foundation
Cloud Foundation is our new unified SDDC platform. Simplify how IT stands up and maintains private and hybrid clouds while making them easier for developers to use.
Use server virtualization and consolidation to transform your data center into a flexible cloud infrastructure.
vSphere is the industry-leading server virtualization platform, the ideal foundation for any cloud environment.
vSphere with Operations Management
vSphere with Operations Management adds intelligent operations and consistent management to vSphere. It provides you better insights, resulting in better performance and availability.
vCloud Availability for vCloud Director
vCloud Availability for vCloud Director enables VMware Cloud Providers to offer simple, cost-effective cloud-based disaster recovery services.
vCenter Server
vCenter Server provides a centralized platform for managing your VMware vSphere environments.
vCloud Director
vCloud Director is for service providers that want to build differentiated cloud services that are inherently hybrid-aware.
Attach network and security services to VMs with a policy-driven approach and treat your physical network as a pool of transport capacity with NSX.
NSX is the network virtualization platform for the Software-Defined Data Center (SDDC).
VMware AppDefense is a new data center endpoint security solution that embeds threat detection and response into the virtualization layer on which your applications and data live.
vRealize Network Insight
vRealize Network Insight delivers intelligent operations for software-defined networking and security.
Software-defined storage extends the benefits of virtualization to storage. It enables per-application storage services and a common policy-based management architecture across traditional and hyper-converged storage.
vSAN is a radically simple, enterprise-class shared storage solution for hyper-converged infrastructure optimized for today's all-flash performance.
Site Recovery Manager
Site Recovery Manager is disaster recovery automation software that provides policy-based management, non-disruptive testing and automated orchestration.
Our hypervisor-centric architecture converges hardware and the software stack, delivering a fully converged infrastructure from a single industry-standard x86 server hardware platform.
vSAN ReadyNode
vSAN ReadyNode are hyper-converged partner hardware solutions that are preconfigured to run vSAN. They are sold by server OEMs.
VMware HCI Software
VMware HCI Software consists of vSphere, vSAN and vCenter Server in a tightly integrated software stack.
Effectively manage the complete lifecycle of services delivered in a hybrid cloud environment.
vCloud Suite
vCloud Suite includes VMware's industry-leading vSphere hypervisor and VMware vRealize Suite multi-vendor hybrid cloud management platform.
vRealize Suite
vRealize Suite includes vRealize Automation, vRealize Operations, vRealize Log Insight and vRealize Business for Cloud.
vRealize Operations
vRealize Operations lets you automate IT operations management, manage performance and gain visibility across physical and virtual infrastructure.
vRealize Automation
vRealize Automation automates the delivery of personalized infrastructure, applications and custom IT services.
vRealize Business for Cloud
vRealize Business for Cloud automates cloud costing, consumption analysis and comparison.
Wavefront by VMware
Wavefront by VMware is a SaaS-based metrics monitoring and analytics platform that handles the high-scale requirements of modern cloud-native applications.
VMware Integrated OpenStack
Integrated OpenStack lets you to quickly and easily deploy and manage a production-grade OpenStack on top of your VMware infrastructure.
vRealize Log Insight
vRealize Log Insight delivers heterogeneous and highly scalable log management with intuitive, actionable dashboards, sophisticated analytics and broad third party extensibility.
vRealize Code Stream
vRealize Code Stream provides release automation and continuous delivery to enable frequent, reliable software releases while reducing operational risks.
vRealize Orchestrator
vRealize Orchestrator lets you develop complex automation tasks, then access and launch workflows from the VMware vSphere client, various components of VMware vCloud Suite or other triggering mechanisms.
Deliver anytime, anywhere access to all applications, services and resources across all devices.
Workspace ONE
Workspace ONE is a simple and secure enterprise platform that delivers and manages any app on any device by integrating identity, application and enterprise mobility management.
Workspace ONE App Express
Mware Workspace ONE App Express enables access to virtual Windows apps on any device, anywhere, in only a few clicks.
Workspace ONE Productivity Apps
The Workspace ONE Productivity Apps for email, browsing, content and social are designed for business with a consumer-simple experience and built-in security.
Simply and securely deliver Windows desktops, applications and online services to end users across virtual data centers, virtual machines and physical devices.
Horizon 7
Horizon 7 lets you deliver, manage and protect virtual desktops (VDI) and apps through a single platform.
Horizon Cloud
Horizon Cloud enables the delivery of cloud-hosted or on-premises virtual desktops and apps to any device, anywhere, from a single cloud control plane.
Horizon Apps
Horizon Apps publishes business-critical Windows apps in the datacenter and delivers them alongside SaaS apps and mobile apps in a single digital workspace.
Horizon Flex
Horizon Flex delivers, manages and secures local Windows virtual desktops on Macs and PCs while ensuring security, control and compliance.
Take advantage of VMware desktop and application virtualization management tools to streamline management, consolidate control, automate delivery and protect user compute resources. VMware desktop and application management solutions can be used to support VMware and Citrix virtual desktops and published applications.
App Volumes
App Volumes is a portfolio of integrated application and user management solutions for Horizon, Citrix XenApp and XenDesktop and RDSH virtual environments.
Mirage provides desktop image management for physical desktops and POS devices across distributed environments.
NSX for Horizon
NSX for Horizon is a virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) networking solution with policies that dynamically follow desktops.
vSAN for Horizon
With VMware vSAN, customers can drive down the cost of getting started and take advantage of a number of pre-configured appliances optimized for Horizon including vSAN ReadyNode appliances, EVO SDDC infrastructure.
vRealize Operations for Horizon
vRealize Operations for Horizon is a monitoring and reporting tool to manage your Horizon and XenDesktop/XenApp environments.
VMware ThinApp is an agentless application virtualization solution that isolates applications from their underlying operating systems to eliminate application conflict and streamline delivery and management.
User Environment Manager
User Environment Manager offers enterprise-grade user management for a personalized end-user experience across devices and locations.
Distribute, configure, track and manage all mobile devices, mobile applications, and content on a single unified platform—to drive workforce productivity and business growth to new levels.
AirWatch is an enterprise mobility management (EMM) platform with identity, productivity and collaboration solutions.
VMware Workstation and VMware Fusion virtualization solutions provide IT pros, developers, and businesses with a streamlined way to deliver, protect, and manage Windows, Linux or Mac desktops and applications on-premises or in the cloud.
Fusion for Mac
VMware Fusion Pro and VMware Fusion let anyone run Windows and hundreds of other operating systems on a Mac, without rebooting.
Workstation for Windows
VMware Workstation Pro and VMware Workstation Player are the industry standard for running multiple operating systems as virtual machines on a single PC.
Workstation for Linux
VMware Workstation for Linux products are the industry standard for running multiple operating systems as virtual machines on a single Linux PC.
Leverage the efficiencies of a virtualized infrastructure that is ideal to develop and deploy modern applications. Take advantage of lightweight footprints that allow for greater consolidation ratios and improved utilization.
Pivotal App Suite
Pivotal App Suite is Pivotal's middleware platform used by developers and ops to build and run cloud-scale custom applications.
Pivotal GemFire
Pivotal GemFire is a distributed data management platform especially useful for high-volume, latency-sensitive, mission-critical, transactional systems.
Pivotal RabbitMQ
Pivotal RabbitMQ is a protocol-based highly scalable, and easy-to-deploy queuing system that makes handling message traffic virtually effortless.
Pivotal tc Server
Pivotal tc Server is a lightweight Java application server that extends Apache Tomcat for use in large-scale mission-critical environments.
Transform your wireline and wireless networks to Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) with an NFV Infrastructure platform that delivers the virtual compute, storage and networking resources coupled with a flexible Virtual Infrastructure Manager (VIM) and robust, intelligent operations management solution.
vCloud NFV
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Save money by virtualizing servers with the industry's best hypervisor. Safely try new software in isolated virtual machines on your PC. And quickly convert physical to virtual machines—all for free.
vSphere Hypervisor
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vCenter Converter
vCenter Converter transforms your Windows- and Linux-based physical machines and third-party image formats to VMware virtual machines.
Software Manager
Software Manager simplifies the download of VMware suites and products.
vCloud Usage Meter
vCloud Usage Meter 3.6 leverages granular, minute-by-minute metering at the VM level - instead of the cluster level - so you can easily break out product usage per end customer and bill accordingly.


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Enjoy wonderful warmth wherever you drive; whether cross country, or just around town. Ingenious car seat cushions provide gentle heat and a little extra softness to soothe away stiffness, or just to ward off the morning chill.
Plugs into any DC car cigarette lighter. One each: Driver and Passenger.
Set of 2.
Retail Price: $59.95 each


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danabrit necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 19 diseños de 8 diseñadores freelance.
QuiltHood.com is the "community" site for a group of quilting stores I am designing websites for. QuiltHood is where customers will go to find the complete list of its member stores, and to do search that are performed across all of the stores at once.
Acceptable File Formats: PSD (preferred), TIFF, or JPG.
We are starting from zero, design-wise, so the field is pretty much wide open. We need a logo that is fairly simple and adaptable to different formats (icons, logo, print). Color is good, as long as the palette is pleasing and not garish. We want the name to stick in people's heads, so a logo that incorporates the brand name is essential.
The target audience is primarily female, 35-65 years of age, middle income. The logo should appeal to "crafty" people but avoid the homespun/folk art/shabby chic genre. Logo should project the image of the site - simple to use, sleek, effective, with a decidedly feminine aesthetic.
- Simple lines, so the logo scales well.
- Pleasing colors
- Feminine appeal
- Adaptability to both web and print usage
- Overdone
- Clipart
- Gratuitous use of WordArt and blatant drop shadows
- Comic Sans font - just... no.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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- (noun) the action of breaking the terms of a law, agreement, etc.; violation;"an infringement of the law"
- (noun) the action of limiting or undermining something;"the infringement of the right to privacy"
Infringement (इन्फ्रिन्ज्मन्ट) meaning in Hindi (English to Hindi Dictionary)
- अतिक्रमण, अतिलंघन, उल्लंघन
Infringement Origin
- mid 16th century: from Latin infringere, from in- 'into' + frangere 'to break'.
Infringement in a sentence (word usage in recent newspaper)
- The Samsung vs Apple patent infringement hearing was yesterday.
- Youtube To Mp3 Converter Sued For Copyright Infringement.
- A three-judge appeals panel stripped away Apple's win by quoting that one patent wasn't infringed.
- A jury had cleared Google of copyright infringement in May this year.
- Section 27 of the act provides that no action for infringement can be taken for an unregistered trademark.
Mnemonic trick to remember the meaning of infringement
- infringe = in + firangi –> pakistani firangi crossing LOC and coming to India… infringement
Infringement Pronunciation
Apple Awarded $290M In Samsung Patent Infringement Case


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by Reb Gutman @ Mystical Paths
Eli insists that yoga is 100% kosher and good for you. Here is his comment to our latest article trying to wean Jews away from this Eastern religious practice.
Eli wrote:
"The Rabbi has directed teachers on how to teach yoga taking out the bad stuff here at the college of alternative medicine combining Chinese acupuncture with Jewish spirituality and Kabbalah which is located in the Upper Galilee (Israel).
Basically I was taught that yoga and most eastern religions' goal is a state of nirvana. There are different steps to get to it, one basic step is meditation. To help one's meditations they have an earlier step of stretches and breathing exercise - this does not include the meditations which is the next step in yoga - whose purpose is to relax the body and get your soul and body to be in touch to help the mind meditate.
This part is therefore fine as it helps one's body and mind. For all the exercises the Rabbi still said to change the name and for the sun salutation he additionally had them change one of the parts so that it would be a different exercise. I therefore disagree with you and consider this way of teaching Yoga 100% Kosher and great for you."
Gutman's response:
Your letter proves our argument against yoga. Over and over again, I have stressed that the physical exercises are not the problem. The danger comes when there is ANY association to Eastern spiritual practices which includes even the word "yoga."
You wrote that you were taught in the Jewish school of Chinese medicine that yoga and meditation are two of the steps to attain goal of "nirvana." And the stretching and deep breathing help your body and soul to get "in touch" to help your mind to meditate.
Here is how the "Nirvana sages" define the term: "Nirvana is a transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the person is released from the effect of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth. It is the final goal of Buddhism."
"Nirvana is often referred to as "self realization" or "god realization." It is the ultimate religious goal of all Hindus. No one can describe it in words. It can only be experienced directly."
Sound great? What in the world does this have to do with the Jewish goal in life? Why are these Jews studying these concepts? Our job is not to leave the world, but to improve it by using it for holy purposes. Shall we remove all desires and forego marriage and family as the monks and sadhus (Hindu ascetics) in the East do? G-d forbid!
Is a Jew supposed to come to the realization that he or she is G-d? Do you know who first recommended this? Who told Eve in the Garden to eat of the forbidden fruit so that; "your eyes will be opened and you will be like G-d…"[i] The serpent told her that when he enticed her to eat of the forbidden fruit.
The very word "yoga" invariably leads to these types of concepts. There is no such thing as "kosher yoga," no more than there could be "kosher christianity."
I suggest that you stop learning and practicing yoga, and certainly stop with its associations to Hinduism, and Buddhism. Go "Beyond Yoga." Stay within Torah concepts, and keep your mind and body healthy. And be sure to keep those holy desires that you have. G-d gave them to you for a very good reason.


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[Welcome back to the Damn, I Wish I'd Thought of That! newsletter. This is text of the great issue all of our email subscribers just received. Sign yourself up using the handy form on the right.] Something amazing happens when you make specific groups of people feel welcome, special, and understood: They talk about you. Even if […]
Tag Archives: Argonaut
Newsletter #917: The "Do It Just for Them" Issue
December 27, 2012
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