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For some time now, evolutionary biologists have used phylogenetics. It is a well-established, powerful set of tools that allow us to test evolutionary hypotheses. More recently, however, these methods are being imported to analyse linguistic and cultural phenomena. For instance, the use of phylogenetics has led to observations that languages evolve in punctuational bursts, explored the role of population movements, and investigated the descent of Acheulean handaxes. I've followed the developments in linguistics with particular interest; after all, tracing the ephemeral nature of language is a daunting task. The first obvious road block is that prior to the invention of writing, the uptake of which is limited in geography and history, language leaves no archaeological record for linguists to examine. One particular note I'd like to make is that when Charles Darwin first formulated his theory of natural selection, he took inspiration from linguistic family trees as the basis for his sketch on the evolutionary tree of life. So it seems rather appropriate that phylogenetic approaches are now being used to inform our knowledge regarding linguistic evolution.
Like many other attempts applying evolutionary thinking in culture, phylogenetic approaches are, at times, met with contempt. This stems from assertions that cultural evolution and biological evolution differ greatly in regards to the relative importance of horizontal transmission, as evinced in these two quotes:
The course of organic evolution can be portrayed properly as a tree of life, as Darwin has called it, with trunk, limbs, branches, and twigs. The course of development of human culture in history cannot be so described, even metaphorically. There is a constant branching-out, but the branches also grow together again, wholly or partially, all the time. A branch on the tree of life may approach another branch; it will not normally coalesce with it. The tree of culture, on the contrary, is a ramification of such coalescences, assimilations, or acculturations – Alfred Kroeber (1948, pg. 138).
Human cultural evolution proceeds along paths outstandingly different from the ways of genetic change. Trees are correct topologies of biological evolution. In human cultural evolution, on the other hand, transmission and anastomosis are rampant. Five minutes with a wheel, a snowshoe, a bobbin, or a bow and arrow may allow an artisan of one culture to capture a major achievement of another – Stephen Jay Gould (1987, pg. 70).
Both Gould and Kroeber provide an interesting entry point into some of the criticisms of phylogenetics. Cladistic (phylogenetic) theories approach the problem of modelling culture from a historical perspective: languages, cultures and populations are primarily derived from a parent group. A visual representation of this would be a bifurcating tree. However, what the above quotes emphasise is a rhizotic (reticulate) approach, in which the focus is more geared towards a non-treelike representation of transmission: here, linguistic and cultural features are shaped by several different, antecedent groups. In considering these different mechanisms of transmission we are faced with two broad themes. The first thought is in regards to the relative influence of horizontal and vertical forms of transmission. Is there an overarching form of transmission that dominates the variation found in cultural and linguistic features? Or do we need to examine this on a case by case basis? So, for instance: some cases are dominated by vertical transmission, whilst other cases are dominated by horizontal transmission. Secondly, even if there is a reasonable level of horizontal influence, then does this invalidate the use of cultural phylogenies?
Addressing these issues are two papers. The first provides an overview of the relative importance of both horizontal and vertical intergroup transmission in human culture, and then applies these findings to chimpanzee cultural diversity. In the second, the authors test the robustness of phylogenetic inferences in regards to horizontal transmission.
The first paper by Lycett, Collard & McGrew (2009) uses data from long-term field studies to investigate behavioural differences among groups of wild Pan troglodytes. A revealing aspect of this paper, and testament to the power of phylogenetic methods, is their use of cladistics to shed light on three sets of hypotheses: 1) that genetics explains the behavioural diversity seen in chimpanzees; 2) evaluating "the importance of vertical intergroup transmission in the evolution of chimpanzee diversity" (my emphasis); 3) to investigate whether chimpanzee culture is adaptive. I'm not going to discuss points (1) and (3), mainly due to limitations of space, time and relevance, but suffice to say that having established the first point can't account for chimpanzee behavioural variation, the authors move onto investigating the role of vertical intergroup transmission. To do this, they carried out two analyses:
First, we reasoned that if vertical intergroup transmission has been the dominant process, the multiregion MP cladogram should be statistically indistinguishable from a cladogram in which the eastern and western populations form separate clades. Next, we first used the RI [Retention Index] to assess how tree-like are patterns in comparative samples of human cultural data sets and biological data sets. Given that the biological data sets can be confidently assumed to have been structured by speciation, which is a branching process, our rationale was that if the human cultural and the biological RIs are not significantly different, then it is reasonable to conclude that the human cultural data sets have been structured by vertical intergroup transmission. We also reasoned that if the chimpanzee cultural RIs fall within the range of human cultural RIs, then whichever process is found to have structured the human cultural data sets is likely to have structured the chimpanzee data sets.
They found the first analysis revealed no significant differences between the multiregion MP cladogram and a cladogram in which eastern and western populations form separate clades. Furthermore, the returned RIs show human cultural data sets are not significantly different to biological data sets. In fact, the authors note that:
[…] the fit between the bifurcating tree model and the human cultural data sets is little different from the fit between the bifurcating tree model and the biological data sets. Not only are the averages similar, but also the ranges are comparable. The RIs for 25 human cultural data sets range from 0.42 to 0.80. The mean RI for the human cultural data set is 0.60. The RIs for the biological data sets range from 0.35 to 0.94. Their mean RI is 0.61. Thus, on average, the human cultural data sets appear to be no more reticulate than the biological data sets.
Thus, based on the aforementioned data sets, it appears vertical intergroup transmission is more salient in generating human cultural diversity than horizontal intergroup transmission. This also appears to be the case for the chimpanzee data sets, with both the multiregion chimpanzee cladogram (RI: 0.44) and the regional chimpanzee cladogram (RI: 0.53) falling within the range of RIs produced by the human data sets. As you can see, the regional chimpanzee RI is close to the mean in the human data sets. All of this suggests a tree-like appearance for chimpanzee and human cultural data sets, and supports the notion that cultural behaviour is primarily the product of vertical intergroup transmission. Of course, as the authors note: if we look closely at the human data sets, then there are individual instances where horizontal transmission is the dominant evolutionary process. One example being the transmission of basketry traditions amongst Californian Indians. Still, it appears in the majority of cases, the dominance of horizontal transmission is the exception rather than the rule. Time will tell whether these observations hold up to further scrutiny; as more experiments into the transmission of cultural variants allow us to produce larger analyses of the data sets.
The second paper by Greenhill, Currie & Gray (2009) asks two specific questions relating to phylogenetics and culture: 1) What are the effects of different levels of horizontal transmission on the accuracy of phylogenetic estimates? 2) Are the problematic levels of horizontal transmission actually representative of real situations? Another major point in this paper is the use of Bayesian inference in phylogenetics. Basically, it's the use of a likelihood function as a method of phylogeny estimation in generating a posterior distribution for the parameter (the phylogenetic tree and a model of evolution). This is in contrast to Maximum Parsimony which, besides being non-parametric, is not statistically consistent.
Using computer models, the authors simulate the evolution of languages under a natural model of language change:
First, we generated data by simulating the evolution of linguistic traits on two different tree topologies under varying degrees of horizontal transmission. Then, we evaluated how horizontal transmission affects the ability of these methods that do not account for horizontal transmission to recover the 'true' tree topology. Finally, we explored how borrowing affects inferences taken from the tree structure by attempting to estimate the age at the root of the trees, and how this varies from the root age of the true trees.
The general conclusions of the paper is that phylogenetic inference is surprisingly robust, even when high levels of borrowing are introduced. This is based on instances of a local borrowing scenario (where horizontal transfer takes place between geographical neighbours) over a range of 0-30 per cent of unidentified borrowing. Under these conditions, there are few differences between true and estimated tree topologies. Discrepancies do arise in the root time estimates, with an increased amount of borrowing tending to yield younger age estimates. This is important if your hypothesis is dependent on the phylogenetic dating of historical events:
For example, there has been considerable controversy over the use of phylogenetic methods to infer the age of Indo-European language family […] Gray & Atkinson support an older farming-based dispersal from Anatolia ca 8500 BP rather than the 'Kurgan' hypothesis that dates this family to ca 6000 years BP. Our results suggest that if unidentified borrowing has affected these divergence time estimates, then the real age may be older than that suggested by Gray & Atkinson, making the Kurgan hypothesis even less probable.
They also explore how the shape of tree topologies offer different levels of robustness. For instance, a tree with a 'balanced' topology — in which most nodes reflect an equal number of offspring cultures and have relatively long internal branches — are more robust to the effects of borrowing than a tree composed of shorter internal branches and a chained pattern of descent (an unbalanced topology). Lastly, some types of borrowing will adversely affect the trees. The authors identify two major categories of borrowing: non-systematic and systematic. Simply put, in a non-systematic scenario the levels of borrowing increases the amount of noise found in the data. However, this is not enough to introduce any systematic bias. An example here would be the English language borrowing the word 'taboo' from Tongan, where the influence is relatively minute in shaping the historical trajectory of English. A systematic scenario then, is when systematic biases are introduced into the data. An extreme example of this is the Oceanic language Yapese, which has several different sources of vocabulary. As the authors note:
This systematic borrowing will perturb the topology by drawing the interacting languages together, making them appear to be more similar. This will have the further effect of making any time-depth estimates shallower. However, these types of borrowing tend to occur within a small subset of the taxa being examined and will not necessarily affect other parts of the tree or the broader scale inferences.
I guess the general points to take away from this post are: 1) Do not necessarily assume horizontal transmission is dominant in shaping culture; and, 2) Even with certain levels of reticulation, it does not necessarily invalidate a phylogenetic approach in investigating cultural and linguistic evolution.
Lycett SJ, Collard M, & McGrew WC (2009). Cladistic analyses of behavioural variation in wild Pan troglodytes: exploring the chimpanzee culture hypothesis. Journal of human evolution, 57 (4), 337-49 PMID: 19762070
Greenhill, S., Currie, T., & Gray, R. (2009). Does horizontal transmission invalidate cultural phylogenies? Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 276 (1665), 2299-2306 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1944


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We received this question from one of our readers yesterday:
"With my husband passing away in October 2012, I have sold the cattle & much of the farm equipment. Now wondering how all will fall out as relates to depreciation. Obviously, the sale price was less than when purchased new. Ex: Used 90 Dump Truck on IRS depreciation @ $7,000 in 2004; had to sell for $1,000 for salvage/parts as repair costs exceeded any greater sales value."
We get questions like this fairly often. When a person passes away, any assets owned by them will get stepped up to fair market value as of the date of death (or stepped down if the asset is worth less than its adjusted tax basis). If the asset is owned jointly with their spouse, then in most cases, the half owned by the person passing away will get the step up and the other half will continue to be depreciated by the surviving spouse.
Now for those couples living in a community property state, there is an interesting twist in that both halves get a step-up in basis. Thus, for taxpayers in those states, they get the double benefit of all assets owned by the community (the deceased spouse and the surviving spouse) getting to adjust their cost basis to fair market value.
For those assets stepped-up in basis you will begin to depreciate them using the class lives called for by the tax rules (sorry, no bonus depreciation or Section 179).
The nice thing about these rules is that you do not have to go back and try to find our what they originally paid for an asset (if not on the depreciation schedule). The only documentation required is how you arrived at the fair market value of the asset.
In the example of our reader, even though they paid $7,000 for the Dump Truck and most likely fully depreciated it, they would most likely use $1,000 as their FMV value. If this is not a community property state, then $500 would be their cost basis since the surviving spouse had fully written down her cost to zero. In a community property state the basis would be a $1,000 and no gain or loss would be recognized.
Remember that this step-up applies to harvested grain that has not been sold. If you have sold the grain on a deferred payment contract and have not received the cash yet, this does not get a step-up since it is considered "income" and income items do not get a step up.

subset: commoncrawl


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We have a ton of image categories, but I thought one specifically gear towards images made with multiple negatives presented as diptychs (or more) would be fun -- especially since I occasional make them.
The first one I would like to share is a rather abstract image. It is of the ceiling of a lava tube at Lava Beds National Monument in NE California. The camera for the top neg was pointed pretty much straight up. Without moving the pod, the camera was pointed lower for the bottom neg.
The scan is of a fairly straight-printed contact print of the two 4x5 negatives, tho I have printed both negs 16x20 and have matted and framed it.
Skull Cave
Lava Beds National Monument
Both negs: f16 at 15 seconds
Gowland PocketView 4x5, Calter II-N 150/5.6


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Dalby Moto is a well established and reputable dealership which has been in business since 1984. We specialise in Yamaha motorcycles and ATVs With a Large range of Road, offroad and farming bikes and accessories you can be assured to find what you are after when visiting.
We have a professional team of fellow enthusiasts with years of combined experience. Be assured the sales person who serves you knows the product!
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Dear Valued Collector, Thank you for your pre-order of our 12 Darth Maul Sideshow Inclusive Edition (item #21151) from our Star Wars 12-inch Figures Collection. We appreciate your patience in waiting for the arrival of this Limited Edition, Sold Out item, and would like to inform you that this item will be arriving in our Los Angeles warehouse within approximately the next 22-25 days.
Looking at the e-mail it makes no mention of the probe droids shipping. I wonder if they will be coming later?
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23 April 2013 at 10.49am | 1 Comment
Last night (22 April), stars of the opera world gathered at the Hilton Hotel in London's Park Lane to celebrate the inaugural International Opera Awards. The awards, the first devoted exclusively to opera, are designed to promote excellence in opera and recognize the achievements of performers, producers and backstage teams.
Royal Opera Music Director Antonio Pappano, who kicked off the 2012/13 season conducting The Ring Cycle, won in the Conductor category, while a host of Royal Opera affiliated artists also received awards.
'It's a great honour to receive the Conductor of the Year award. Especially so that I can give the lions share of the credit where it belongs, to my wondrous orchestra at the Royal Opera House,' Antonio said, 'They combine great musicianship and imagination with a rare dramatic flare which makes my job an absolute joy. Bravo too, to my esteemed colleagues in the conductors category; an awesome group.'
Sophie Bevan, who sang the role of Woodbird in Siegfried earlier this season and will be singing the role of Pamina in Die Zauberflöte in May, was presented with the Young Singer award; while former Jette Parker Young Artist Daniele Rustioni won in the Newcomer category.
Jonas Kaufmann, who will sing the title role in Verdi's Don Carlo this May, was presented with both the Male Singer Award and the Readers' Award, which was voted for by over 6000 readers of Opera Magazine.
George Benjamin's Written on Skin, which had its premiere in 2012 at the Aix-en-Provence Festival before opening to acclaim in London in March, won in the World Premiere Category. Opus Arte's recording of Il trittico also picked up an award in the DVD category.
Sir Peter Moores won the Philanthropist/Sponsor award in recognition of his invaluable contribution to the art-form.
Christopher Purves as Protector, Bejun Mehta as Boy and Barbara Hannigan as Agnès in Written on Skin © 2012 ROH/Stephen Cummiskey
Christopher Purves as Protector and Barbara Hannigan as Agnès in Written on Skin © 2012 ROH/Stephen Cummiskey
Barbara Hannigan as Agnès and Christopher Purves as the Protector in Written on Skin © 2012 ROH/Stephen Cummiskey
Allan Clayton as John, Rebecca Jo Loeb as Marie and Bejun Mehta as Boy in Written on Skin © 2012 ROH/Stephen Cummiskey
The Awards were founded by Harry Hyman, who wanted to bring opera to a much wider audience and extend its appeal. He said:
Not only do we wish to reward success, but part of the funds generated from these Awards will be channelled into at least 10 bursaries to help aspiring talent."
The awards were judged by a panel of ten opera experts, including Opera Critic of the Telegraph Rupert Christiansen, acclaimed soprano Dame Anne Evans and Editor of Opera Magazine and Chair of the panel John Allison.
For full details of winners, visit the Opera Awards website.


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Ananyaa is very excited about the current uoi topic air. As soon as she came home she explained the entire experiment of candle and jar. I thank you for making learning so much fun for Ananyaa and developing the qualities of a thinker in her with such experiments.
Thanks a lot!
Parent of Ananyaa Aggarwal, Grade 1A
Indeed the sports day this year was equally exciting as it has been since past two years .
Meticulously planned , perfect time management and efforts of the teachers and PE team were the main commendable aspects of this sports day .
Congratulations to the entire team NES for yet another successful event for the year 17-18. Looking forward for more innovative races in the forthcoming sports day.
Mother of Hannah Dhulla, Grade 1A
Nafees has shown a lot of understanding and confidence about the UOI Houses. He has started explaining the types of houses that are there according to the weather of the places we live in. He really had fun and showed interest while practicing making the stilt house at home for the summative assessment and a little more about stilt house to explain it in class.
Jamil and Abida Ansari (Father and Mother of Nafees Ansari, Grade 1D)
Ishaan has been enjoying school. He has been singing the 'Healthy and junk food' song that they have learned in school. He thoroughly enjoyed the spelling bee conducted by Principal sir last week. He loves the space videos that they watch during break times. He has explained how Pluto's orbit crosses into Neptune's, how the atmosphere scatters the sun's rays during sunset and sunrise to make the sky look red
Mother of Ishaan, Grade 1C
I am grateful for all the wonderful things the school and Tanvi Teacher are doing for our son Noel. He is growing extremely intellectual and physically active by the day. We loved both the grammar fest and sports day arrangements. Lot of trouble was taken. The school and his teacher have been working very hard to make him good, better and eventually best.
Mother of Noel Verdes, Foundation B
I am happy to see how Shiven has been taught the UOI 'Rainforest' and 'Needs and Wants'. He understood it very well that he came home and explained the same to us. I like how he is interested in his studies and he comes home and shares the same. Once again thank you to the homeroom teacher and NESISM School for putting in so much effort towards our child.
Parent of Shiven Chimnani, Foundation B
The progress and development of Dishita has always been overwhelming. I have always had good results from her. Thanks to the homeroom teacher who has taken care of her not only in her studies but also her behavior and habits. Great thanks to the NESISM team.
Parent of Dishita Mamgain, Foundation B
My daughter has shown positive development thanks to the training and learning she is receiving at school. She is willing to help people, she even helps me and her father in our everyday activites. It is amazing to see how she is practically applying her learnings from school in her daily life. We are quite happy with her conduct and would like to sincerely thank her teachers and the entire management.
Mother of Urja Kothari
Myra by now has completely accustomed and adjusted to the routine and culture of NESISM. I am very delighted to notice that she has taken the least time to adjust in the school. She speaks with a lot of pride about her school in front of the family. We are looking forward to learn and grow together.
Parent of Myra Kabadi, Foundation B
Improvement in Parini's confidence is reflected at home. She has started opening up and mingling with others. She tries to read different words and enjoys the same. She has evolved as a good sports person. She discusses a lot about the topics taught to her in school.
Parent of Parini Shah, Foundation B


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Posted by Steve McKinley on Monday, October 01, 2012 12:10 AM
Pat and I are not huge movie-goers, but I had read a number of enthusiastic reviews for "Beasts of the Southern Wild" and the trailer caught my interest, so one day this summer we packed ourselves off to a matinee. I am admittedly obsessive about getting places on time or, ideally, early, so we were there to see all the pre-movie ads that flash up on the screen while you are finding your seat and opening the popcorn. As a matter of fact, we saw several of them twice. Then the standard 12 minutes of trailers for coming attractions.
Then it was time for the actual movie to start. The lights faded. The theater was dark. And so was the screen.
After a few minutes the lights came up and a young man came out and said they were having a little problem but it should be fixed within ten minutes.
Twenty minutes later he came out and said they were still working on it.
Thirty minutes after the movie was scheduled to start he came out and said that they weren't going to be able to repair the problem quickly, so we could either have a pass for a future show or our money back. We chose the money. (This, by the way, was the second time this has happened to us in the last year.)
When we got home I posted a brief report on this experience on my Facebook page. The next time I checked Facebook two comments had been made on my report. Comment one came from a pastor in Pennsylvania, a wise, well-educated, sensitive woman: "Go back tomorrow when the projector is fixed. You have to see this great, life-changing movie, one of the best I have ever seen." Comment two came from a pastor in Kentucky, a wise, well-educated, sensitive woman: "You really dodged a bullet there. Probably the worst movie I've ever seen. A complete waste of time and money."
We haven't made our way back yet, but we still might. I want to decide for myself.
Two points:
I hope that our interns are in the process of keeping their tender hearts but developing thick skin. Say you give a sermon, and 11 people tell you that you did fine, but one dude says he didn't like it. This is not a surprise. He might be worth listening to, but don't let him sink your ship. Same thing holds true for your adult Bible study or your confirmation small group or your new tattoo of the face of Philip Melanchthon. There will always be disagreement.That's the nature of life in community.
I spent 38 years as a parish pastor, and I don't think I ever gave a sermon that everybody liked or made a decision everybody agreed with. The people who disagree with you are not necessarily bad people or hostile people; they are just people who disagree with you. This is allowed.
As you serve the congregation of God's people that is your charge for this year, give it your best shot. We're confident that you will do well. But there will still be times when people don't like the sermon or the decision or the activity or the Bible study or the tattoo. Don't let that throw you!
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The American Association for Cancer Research is pleased to invite patient advocates to join the association as affiliate members and enjoy the benefits of membership.
Affiliate membership is open to qualified individuals who are health professionals working in support of cancer and biomedical research and educators or other professionals who are interested in and/or make substantial contributions to the cancer field.
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This lovely pale pink glass was manufactured in great quantities during the 1930's and 1940's becoming known simply as Depression Glass. Popular for the delicate color and beautiful embossing patterns, this glass is now treasured by collectors worldwide. Reclaimed from old glass dumps in wooded habitats and rural farmlands in an effort to help the environment and wildlife, they are remade in these lovely glass earrings of the most striking color!
The glass measures 1/2" square and hangs from a 1/2" sterling hoop and sterling french ear wires. Total hang length including the wires is approx 1 1/4". Due to the handmade nature of the product and antique glass, expect variations in waves, hues, and bubbles. After being handcut and carefully smoothed, the glass is hand drilled and given a wrap of pure sterling.
Each piece of Bottled Up Designs comes with the "Story of the Glass" detailing what the glass was originally and the age of the piece, for a unique way to preserve the history of the glass while helping the environment.


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Liberty News
Gary Smalley takes marital issues to heart
Gary Smalley, one of the country's best-known authors and speakers on family relationships, gave Liberty students some premarital advice at Monday's convocation service.
Smalley, who has written several books on marriage and is now hosting his popular "I Promise" marriage seminars nationwide, said it took him 38 years of marriage (he has been married 43 years) to learn to stop trying to change his mate.
"When I stopped becoming the Holy Spirit for her, I saw her change," he said.
Smalley, 67, said it wasn't until he talked with his son, a psychologist who now mentors him, that he began to realize this truth. The things he had been trying to change in his wife never helped their relationship.
"The reason why you cannot try to change your mate ever is because a secret to a great marriage is safety," he said. "You cannot have a connected best friend-type marriage unless you are safe with each other. Trying to change your mate and telling them, in essence, they're not good enough for you, that you're not gonna be happy unless they change is the most unsafe thing you can do.
"That's the reason it's so damaging," he said. "Because you tend to want to as a human disconnect from people because they're not safe."
It's a lie, he said, to think you can change your spouse.
"[If] you think that you can change them and you believe that if you change them, you'll be happier, that's the lie. … All the research shows it never works with anybody. I tried changing my wife and she tried changing me … and I gave up. … So after 38 years of marriage I began the wonderful adventure of working on just me."
That's where Smalley's latest book, "Change Your Heart, Change Your Life," comes in.
Hugging a pink heart-shaped pillow to his chest, Smalley told students that our lives and our relationships all rest on the beliefs we hold in our hearts.
"You are as happy as the beliefs you store in your heart," he said. "You can manage all your emotions, thoughts, words and actions by changing the beliefs in your hearts. Deuteronomy 6:4-9 tells us how to change the beliefs in our heart."
For Smalley, he's learned how crucial it is to "memorize and meditate" daily — what he calls "the M&Ms."
"I looked at my own life, made a list of things that don't seem to reflect Christ, went to Scripture and memorized a few. I branded them on my heart; I tattooed them in my heart. … It is transforming me because it's alive." Smalley, who signed books and talked with students after convocation, said his recent book is applicable to college students.
"They are alive and free to think and they are discovering," he said. "They're developing their beliefs right now and they can change them anytime they want. If a 67-year-old can change his, an 18, 19, 25-year-old can do it."


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Helping Businesses And Individuals Litigate Complex Cases
Experienced, effective and efficient legal services
Lewis Babcock L.L.P., established in 1984, is an innovative and service-oriented law firm dedicated to offering effective and efficient legal representation to clients throughout South Carolina. We represent individuals, groups of individuals, landowners and companies harmed or threatened with injury or loss as the result of professional malpractice, business disputes, condemnation, government interference, or the negligence or misconduct of others.
The attorneys at Lewis Babcock have an extensive background in complex litigation in both state and federal court. We have a history of obtaining outstanding results for our clients. We take pride in providing the quality and depth of the best large-firm practice with the cohesiveness, agility and client responsiveness of a smaller firm. Our unique team approach involves skilled paralegals, an established network of expert witnesses, and co-counsel in a variety of areas who all serve integral roles in our attorney-led teams. Our size and team approach enable us to provide results-oriented, cost-effective solutions to our clients' problems.
Learn more about some of our current cases:
- Mill Creek Residents Can Finally Cut Cord on Unwanted Hargray Services
- Members of a Bluffton Homeowners Association File Lawsuit Based on Alleged Kickbacks to Developer from Telecom Provider
- SC victims of the alleged Volkswagen emissions fraud under the South Carolina Dealers Act
- SC Supreme Court Rules for Plaintiff in Closing Fee Auto Case
Reputation for high standards of professionalism advocacy
Over its long history of successful legal advocacy, our firm has built a reputation for professionalism and earned the respect of both clients and peers. Lewis Babcock has been awarded the prestigious AV® Preeminent(TM) Peer Review RatingSM by Martindale-Hubbell®, the highest rating available for legal ability and adherence to ethical standards. Lawyers from our firm have also been named South Carolina Super Lawyers® and recognized among the Best Lawyers in South Carolina®.
Responsive professional service
At Lewis Babcock, we strive to provide prompt and effective legal services at competitive rates by being responsive to client needs and diligent protecting our clients' interests. When we represent you, you have the assurance that our skilled attorneys know your case well and are personally handling your unique legal issues.
Contact our office to schedule your initial consultation
The attorneys at Lewis Babcock work to help right the wrong when professional malpractice leaves you with losses, a business or land dispute threatens your financial interests, or the negligence or wrongdoing of a corporation, government entity, or individual causes you harm. Initial conferences are free of charge if the case is accepted on a contingency fee basis, which means you pay nothing unless and until we recover money damages for your loss. For more information about how the laws apply to your situation and to find out how the firm can help you, contact Lewis Babcock online or call our offices in Columbia at 803-771-8000 or Charleston at 843-883-7444 to arrange an appointment today.


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• December 13, 2005 | 12:19 p.m. ET
Battling fire and extreme cold (Sean McLaughlin, MSNBC Chief Meterologist)
Video: N.J. apartment explosion Air temperatures should be in the mid 40's for this time of year, but will barely reach 30 today. Wind speeds around 15 mph have put the wind chill, or the "feels like" temperatures in the single digits. On top of that, there are reports that a few of the firefighters have slipped on the ice formed around the area from the water being used to battle the blaze.
A note about wind chill, the National Weather Service updated the wind chill index four years ago to more accurately reflect what humans feel standing out in the cold. Since 1945, the NWS was using wind speed measurements from anemometers at their standard height of 33 feet. Taking into consideration the average height of a human face is only five feet above ground, the equation was updated to give us more accurate readings. Any way you look at it, it's cold out there! Bundle up and watch your skin exposure, especially children and the elderly. For more on the Wind Chill, click here.
• December 12, 2005 | 2:34 p.m. ET
What happened to Fall? (Sean McLaughlin, MSNBC Chief Meterologist)
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• November 30, 2005 | 12:21 p.m. ET
Looking back at 'The Meanest Season' (Steve Shapiro, NBC News Producer)
It has been an historic hurricane season, one that just about everybody is glad to see come to an end. Tonight at 10 p.m., ET, MSNBC will look back at "The Meanest Season" in a one hour special hosted by Joe Scarborough and Meteorologist Sean McLaughlin.
For me personally the saga began back in July when I was dispatched to Florida to cover Hurricane Dennis. The experience was exciting and exhausting, but it was just a hint of what was in store for me and many of my NBC News colleagues.
I was in Biloxi, Miss. when Hurricane Katrina hit. The storm felt like it was never going to end. Unlike Dennis, which raced through Florida in a few hours, Katrina pounded the Gulf Coast from early morning until dusk. Daylight revealed the horror: unimaginable devastation. Biloxi looked like a bomb had torn through the city, leveling everything in its path. For nearly a week our crew lived in a hotel without power, water or phone service. We ate granola bars and stale pretzels. The conditions were like nothing I had ever experienced. But as bad as things were, they were not my reality. The people of Biloxi however were staring reality in the face . These were their homes and their businesses, their schools and their churches, wiped out with one furious blast of rage from Mother Nature. Their lives would never be the same again.
After leaving Biloxi I would spend another two weeks in New Orleans covering Katrina's aftermath . It was a humbling experience. Like Biloxi, New Orleans was still without electricity or running water. The heat was oppressive, and the mosquitoes were feasting. The chaos of the convention center and the Superdome had subsided and left behind was a broken city with no apparent means of being fixed.
Putting Katrina in perspective can be difficult, but when you consider the federal disaster area was 90,000 miles wide, the size of the United Kingdom, the scope of the tragedy becomes even harder to fathom.
I would cover another two major hurricanes following Katrina.. Rita and Wilma proved to be powerful and deadly storms in their own right. While not as catastrophic as Katrina, Rita and Wilma caused tremendous damage throughout Texas, Louisiana and Florida.
Covering hurricanes is more than covering weather. Unfortunately, once the storm story ends, the human story begins. I saw more than my fair share of human tragedy this year and sadly the story continues. Throughout the Gulf Coast the rebuilding has just begun, not just of homes, but of lives.
In all, it was the most active hurricane season on record causing billions of dollars of damage and claiming more than 1,300 lives. As part of our one hour special we'll examine the questions that many people still want answered including what went wrong in the aftermath of Katrina and will next year be just as bad?
I hope you can tune in.
•October 28, 2005 | 12:57 p.m. ET
Video blog: Inside a hurricane (Steve Shapiro, NBC News Producer)
On Monday, Oct. 24, NBC News Producer Steve Shapiro and NBC Audio Technician Paul Gramaglia took to the streets of Naples, Fla. while Hurricane Wilma was pounding the city with heavy rains and high winds. Steve Shapiro captured this exclusive video with a hand-held mini-DV camera:Video: Vblog: Inside a hurricane
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• October 14, 2005 | 12:35 p.m. ET
If you have ever spent any time in New York City you probably learned quickly what those of us crazy enough to reside here permanently know all too well.
Money goes a long way in making your life easier in this city. But it is also the capital of "the things money can't buy." The truth is, access often trumps dollars here. And when it comes to access, it's all about who you know. Whether it's a restaurant reservation, backstage passes at MSG to see U2, or as we learned Thursday in a local paper, the latest subway terror warning... access - who you know - helps. A lot.
That's right, according to this report in the Daily News, at least two emails circulated early this month warning individuals of an impending terrorist threat against the city's subway system. Problem is they were circulating days before it was announced publicly by Mayor Bloomberg. (The threat, of course, was ultimately discredited. But not before providing many city dwellers with a jolt of fear to power them through their daily commutes.) The email messages were apparently passed among "a select crowd of business and arts executives... by New Yorkers who claimed to have close connections to Homeland Security and other federal officials."
The headline labeled it a "terror tip for the rich." I'm assuming they figured the average Joe reader would be especially riled up to hear that a bunch of wealthy New Yorkers were tipped off early to what at the time appeared to be potentially life-saving information. But the real problem here is simpler than that. This one's not about money. It's about access. And the fact that anyone (other than officials) had access to that information is a problem.
Mind you, I take no issue with those who got the word and passed it on to their loved ones. Who could blame them? Who wouldn't do the very same thing? But the fact that "insiders" may have leaked the information at all... well, therein lies the real problem.
Before you get ready to write me an email, understand this is not about politics. I am a correspondent, not a political commentator. We do not yet know who might have leaked this information (or where their political affiliations lie)... the issue is not about party affiliation, it's about classified information.
Privileged access is often by definition unfair. We can live with that because life's unfair. But when access to privileged information regarding the public safety is being doled out to the well-connected few, people need to take notice. The good news is someone has.
NBC News Justice Correspondent Pete Williams confirmed Thursday that federal authorities have already opened a criminal investigation into who wrote the emails. A federal official tells Williams it was not clear whether the emails were written by government employees or by people who overheard discussion of the potential threat. But, as Williams notes, a criminal investigation seems to indicate an interest in finding out whether government officials who had classified information were somehow involved in the unauthorized email.
It is worth pointing out that WNBC, our New York affiliate, also had early information on the threat. Two days before officials made their announcement. (Around the time those on the insider "friends and family plan" appear to have been opening their emails.) They were asked by officials not to leak the information in their reporting. They respected those wishes.
I guess many might say that if I had received one of these early warning notes in my inbox, I wouldn't be bothered by this. Hey, when you're the one with access, life is good. The truth is I likely would have passed it off as spam. But even if I didn't, I suspect (or at least I hope) I still would have been troubled by having information that I shouldn't, or that all of my fellow New Yorkers deserved to have as well.
One more thing... according to that Daily News report one of the "terror tip" emails was dated October 3, 6:05 pm... "about ninety minutes before the Mayor was fully briefed on the threat." It appears our very own mayor, worth billions, didn't get the email. This one's not about money. It's about access.
Monica is a correspondent on Countdown with Keith Olbermann
Check out Monica's recent report on "Robbing the cradle"
• October 10, 2005 | 9:10 p.m. ET
Earthquake overwhelming and all too familiar (Monica Novotny)
The images of devastation this week after Pakistan's 7.6 earthquake are overwhelming, and unfortunately, all too familiar.
Six years ago, in August of 1999, I traveled to Istanbul to report on Turkey's 7.4 magnitude quake that left about 20,000 people dead. If you haven't personally witnessed the results of a quake of this magnitude, I can tell you it is everything you might imagine, and worse. What I remember most vividly about that trip, perhaps not surprisingly, is the first day.
I recall arriving with my producer and cameraman in Istanbul, the city virtually untouched, and dropping off our things in an air-conditioned, comfortable, western hotel room. It was hard to imagine the devastation we knew was just a drive away. We soon would not have to.
Our group loaded quickly into a van and drove out to the Golcuk area, near the quake's epicenter. As we made our way closer, we saw the beginning of ruins that stretched for miles. First, buildings along the sides of the main road toppled... then entire neighborhoods wiped out. We eventually found side streets that were drivable (not an easy task) and ventured into what had been a thriving community made up almost entirely of apartment buildings. Buildings that once stood five stories high, now reduced to piles of rubble, twisted steel bars, and personal mementos.
We stepped out of the van into the dry summer heat when the road became impassable, and in a moment I will never forget, I felt my body jolt instinctively at the smell of death. Before my brain could identify it, my senses did.
As we walked among the piles, we saw what for me was the most heartbreaking image: survivors, family members who had not been present, now seated in groups on the ground or on plastic folding lawn chairs, next to many of the crumbled cement mounds. Patiently, quietly, they waited. Unwilling to move until they could retrieve what must be in the rubble - the bodies of their loved ones. It would take days if not weeks to get everyone out (in this neighborhood there were at least a few hundred bodies trapped) but these people were not swayed. Their calm, mournful demeanor in the face of such tragedy made it all the more difficult to witness.
We made our way to a crowd surrounding a small group of rescue workers. Every few minutes, the workers hushed the bystanders, as they used listening devices in an attempt to find survivors in the rubble. It was hard to imagine that anyone could survive in the remains of an multi-level apartment building that now only stood about 15 feet high. But some locals thought they heard a cry for help, and they would not give up hope until they were absolutely sure. Soon enough, they were.
Between hushed moments, neighbors approached us, methodically explaining who lived in which apartment, which family was likely under the pile to our right, which family to our left. Which mother had recently given birth to a child, which couple just moved in.
It was difficult to grasp the reality, even standing there. And though as we walked from pile to pile we hoped we might hear a cry for help, none came.
We would eventually learn the earthquake in Turkey caused $20 billion in damage. The personal damage of course, impossible to quantify.
This week, Turkish aid teams arrive in Pakistan. As a reporter, I would love to be with them, to ask them how they will use their own experience to help the thousands now in need. To watch as they again pull out their listening devices in hopes of a miracle. But as a viewer, I must admit it's much easier to watch the images, as awful and familiar as they seem, from a distance.
Monica is a correspondent on Countdown with Keith Olbermann
• September 30, 2005 | 5:00 p.m. ET
Oh, the Humanity (Tricia McKinney, MSNBC-TV producer)
Today I swung a hammer for a good cause, doing a 2-hour stint at Humanity Plaza, the weeklong house-building fest at Rockefeller Plaza. When I got the e-mail calling for volunteers last week I got really excited because it's exactly the kind of volunteering I like. You do something real and concrete where you can see the results right away. I don't have a lot of cash to contribute, but I do have brute strength (or so I thought, but more on that later) and some rudimentary carpentry skills. So I signed up through a nifty little computer application process (when asked, I said I was "handy") and got assigned a morning shift on the very last day of fun.
I showed up as directed, wearing my sturdy shoes, my work clothes and my happy attitude, prepared to sacrifice fingernails and get splinters all for a good cause. I had signed up alone and expected to be working with strangers, but it turned out to be a mini-reunion. I saw a producer I had worked with on "Phil Donahue," a booker I had worked with on "The Abrams Report," and even a producer from my (very short) stint at "Sally Jessy Raphael." NBC News Specials' very own Mark Lukasiewicz worked the bullhorn to orient us—and he's a guy who really has a lot to do for the network, so I was impressed. They put us in teams of four—I was in Team New Orleans along with my former Abrams colleague. Other people were envious that we got the cool team name—I think they thought whatever your team name was meant you would build something for that specific location. But it was just a name. We all worked together on the same 2 houses. Still, go Team New Orleans!
It was kind of cool to be shepherded onto the job site past a crowd of "Today" show gawkers. Everyone seemed excited to see us volunteering for such a good cause on such a beautiful, crisp, fall morning. I felt privileged to be a part of it—Pollyannaish I know, but it's really how I felt. I've read some stuff on the Internet saying this whole endeavor is just a PR stunt, and I actually think that's true on one level. But it's also true that these are real houses we were building, and everyone who was there really wanted to pitch in and help. So if it gets NBC, Warner Music and Habitat for Humanity a little free publicity, I'm all for it. And I wore my MSNBC baseball hat just in case I got on camera. Gotta do what I can for the home team, after all.
The rest of the morning was a blur of 2-by-4s and 16-penny nails and lots of hammering and a strange tingling in my right forearm. There wasn't any actual construction knowledge necessary to get the job done. The 2-by-4s were pre-marked, and all you had to do was be able to drive 2 16-penny nails into each designated spot. But ah! There's the rub. I was kind of cocky when I showed up, because I know my hammer theory—use the handle as the lever it was designed to be and you shouldn't have to pound more than, say, 5 times to drive that sucker all the way into the wood. But in practice I was woefully inadequate. I think 13 hammer strikes per nail was my personal best all morning. And sometimes I had to stop and take a rest for a minute before finishing. Not good for the ego.
At one point we had framed up a wall and we needed to lift it up and put it into place, so I took a spot on the wall and looked at the guy to my left. It was Stone Phillips. He seemed pretty handy I have to say. I was impressed. I also met a bunch of people from Lowe's home improvement stores. They had provided the lumber. One guy told me he had been volunteering for two straight weeks and had only missed a day. I was kind of envious.
The best part of the morning was when we had finished framing the exterior of the house, and we all got to take markers and sign the walls. I reached up as high as I could and put my name, the date, and the message, "Good luck and God bless!" I wonder who will read that message. I hope they like their house.
When our shift ended the coordinators made us leave even if we wanted to stay longer. It was time for the next group of recruits to come in and finish up. Maybe they were going to do the interior walls. I don't know. I turned in my hammer and my nail apron, and they cut off my paper wristband and sent me on my merry way with a thank-you and a free energy drink. I felt kind of bereft, actually. I really wanted to stay and do more, even though my right arm probably would have fallen off.
So I went up to the volunteer wrangler and found out there are a couple of chapters of Habitat for Humanity in my local area. I'm thinking about doing some more with them. I would highly recommend the experience for anyone who wants to help out in a hands-on way.
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text:
BALTIMORE – UMBC women's soccer's freshman forward Victoria Burress (Bristow, Va./Patriot) brought the Retrievers back from a one-goal second half deficit, by scoring the first goal of her career, in what would end in a 1-1 double overtime draw versus Loyola on Tuesday night at Ridley Athletic Complex.
UMBC moves to 2-2-2 on the season, while Loyola, who played an overtime game for the third straight contest, moves to 2-1-1.
Loyola put the pressure on the UMBC defense, tallying two shots, before adding its third on the game's first corner kick. Moments later, the Greyhounds forced Retrievers' goalkeeper Lauren Kadet (Oakville, Ontario/St. Thomas Aquinas) to make a diving save on a shot from Nicole Wojcik. The pressure would pay off as a cross from senior back Melissa Lookingland to junior midfielder Gabrielle Tana would set up a one-touch pass to sophomore forward Charlotte Miller for the score from 10 yards out with 27:38 remaining in the opening half, to give Loyola the 1-0 advantage.
Sophomore Alexa Quaranta (Baltimore, Md./Perry Hall) looked for the equalizer as time was running out before the half, but the second-year forward played the ball too far out in front as a Loyola double-team closed in, allowing Greyhounds' netminder Didi Haracic to snatch up the slow roller and preserve the 1-0 lead heading into the break.
UMBC, who has scored all five of its goals in 2013 during the second period, looked more aggressive in the second half. With the Retrievers accounting for the first three shots of the period, UMBC continued to look for its opportunity and found it in the 71st minute. A long cross from the right side from junior back Morgan Taylor (Severna Park, Md./Severna Park) set up Burress for a header that resulted in her first collegiate score, to knot the score at one apiece. Taylor's assist represented the junior's first-career point.
Lookingland saw the Greyhounds' best opportunity of the second half, as she gathered a ball behind the defense on the left side in the 81st minute, but her shot sailed high and wide of the net. Minutes later, Miller tried for her second score of the night, drilling a shot from 10 yards out, but Kadet came up with her fourth save of the night to keep the contest knotted at one apiece.
Loyola would present a scare one more time in the contest, as a shot in the 108th minute from Tana hit the crossbar and bounced off of Kadet's back to go wide of the net.
UMBC opens a three-game home stretch on Friday, Sept. 13 when it entertains Howard. Game time is set for 7 p.m. at Retriever Soccer Park. The black and gold also host Bucknell over the weekend, with a 1 p.m. start time set for Sunday, Sept. 15. All Retriever fans receive free admittance to Sunday's contest.
All-Time Series
-UMBC and Loyola have played to overtime in three of its last four meetings.
-The Retrievers are 3-4-3 all-time against Loyola.
Dawg Notes
-Goalkeeper Lauren Kadet is nine saves away from becoming the squad's all-time leader. She looks to surpass Nadine Henchcliffe (1993-95), who amassed 339 saves in her career.


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In college days, I heard about the init process. It is the root of process tree and first process started by the kernel and so on. I wanted to see what happens if we kill it. So I tried a lot but no success. Let's kill the init process and observe what is happening
Note: Fedora switched systemd a while back, if you running Fedora you will find process "systemd" is with pid 1 instead of init.
Now, Years later I was reading Linux Kernel Development I was going through kernel sources mentioned in the book and all of a sudden I found the answer.
Note: File Paths mentioned here are relative to kernel source tree. I am using linux kernel 2.6.34.
In kernel/fork.c, in function copy_process(…) I found this
/* * Siblings of global init remain as zombies on exit since they are * not reaped by their parent (swapper). To solve this and to avoid * multi-rooted process trees, prevent global and container-inits * from creating siblings. */ if ((clone_flags & CLONE_PARENT) && current->signal->flags & SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE) return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
Mark the above code as Listing 1. We know that operating system keep information about a process in process control block (PCB). In Linux, PCB is implemented as structure called task_struct declared in include/linux/sched.h. task_struct store all the important information about a process like it's pid, memory mapping, signal mask etc…
Now, task_struct contains pointer to structure signal_struct named signal. Inside signal_struct field flags (unsigned int) refers to signal flags for the given process
struct task_struct { …................ signal_struct *signal …................ } Form include/linux/sched.h struct signal_struct { ….................... unsigned int flags; /* see SIGNAL_* flags below*/ ….................... }</pre> #define SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE 0x00000040 /* for init: ignore fatal signals */
The above code (marked listing 1) prevents init from creating any siblings. In the above code current refers to the pointer to task_struct for current process. init is the only process for which current->signal->flags is set to SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE. So, if init tries to create siblings using clone syscall, -EINVAL is returned.
Let's see what happens when we remove the SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE flag from init. To do this I wrote a loadable kernel module. To learn how to write a loadable kernel module refer to
1. The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide by Peter Salzman.
He also has a great tutorial on gdb you can find it on this link.
2. Book: Linux Device Drivers from O'REILLY.
Excerpt from the code.
/* Description: Remove UNKILLABLE flag from init */ …............ …............ static int hello_init(void) { struct task_struct *task; struct task_struct *init_ptr = NULL; for (task = current; task != &init_task; task = task->parent) { init_ptr = task; } /* init_ptr now points to init, and task now points to init's parent i.e. swapper with pid 0 */ printk(KERN_ALERT "I am %s with pid %i\n", task->comm, task->pid); printk(KERN_ALERT "I am %s with pid %i\n", init_ptr->comm, init_ptr->pid); printk(KERN_ALERT "0x%x\n", init_ptr->signal->flags); /* remove the UNKILLALBE flag */ init_ptr->signal->flags = init_ptr->signal->flags & ~SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE; printk(KERN_ALERT "0x%x\n", init_ptr->signal->flags); return 0; } …................ …................
When the above code is compiled, module hello.ko is generated. When we issue
"insmod hello.ko" command module initialization function hell_init is called.
When we insert the module using insmod command, current points to task_struct of insmod process, so in the for loop we keep on we keep on moving up the process tree until we encounter init_task as show in the picture below.
for (task = current; task != &init_task; task = task->parent) { init_ptr = task; }
So, with first iteration we move from insmod to bash and so on until we reach init_task. Despite it's name init_task is parent of init process and has pid of 0. It's statically allocated and is not visible in user space.
After that I am able to kill init using command "kill -9 1". The moment I do kernel panics. I get core dump using kdump. Below is the dmesg output.
NOTE: Since wordpress.com doesn't allow you to create iFrames and manual code, We faced lot of issues while formatting this post. There are still issues with the alignment. We regret the inconvenience caused to you. Soon we will be moving to a personal domain and work for the same has already been started.
1. Manpages: man 7 signal, man ps
2. Linux Kernel Development By Robert Love
3. Linux Kernel Sources 2.6.34
4. Tools you may find useful: ctags, cscope, kdump.


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Generally, we advise against a modification of the default setting in the Avira Real-Time Protection. Nevertheless, if any amendments need to be made, Avira provided an option to exclude folders and files from being monitored.
Please, take into consideration that in case any infected file is located in the excluded folder, the malicious file will not be detected by the antivirus. Likewise, threatening files from the internet that will be saved in the excluded folders will not be detected as well by the antivirus.
The changes require a restart of your Mac.
- Navigate to Finder → Go → Utilities and double-click on Terminal.
- Open the Avira Real-Time Protection configuration file with the following command:
sudo nano /Applications/Avira.app/Contents/config/avguard.conf
- Authenticate with your password (with administrative rights) to continue with the configuration.
The existing entries should never be deleted or modified. Consider that all files within the folders you add will not be scanned for viruses.
- Add the path of the folder that should no longer be monitored by the Avira Real-Time Protection:
ExcludePath /*folder to be excluded*
- Close the configuration with CTRL+X.
- Save the modification with Y and press the Enter-key.
- Restart your Mac.


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AMERICUS, Ga. – It was opening day for Georgia Southwestern Baseball, and the 2012 season began with a hearty challenge: the #16 ranked Barry University Buccaneers. The Hurricane arms kept the visitors' bats at bay for the most part as Georgia Southwestern split their doubleheader, 3-4 and 7-0.
GAME ONE: Georgia Southwestern-3 #16 Barry University-4
Senior pitcher Trent Franzago got things going for the Hurricanes in game one. The starter was dealing in the early goings of the game and would do his part by the time his night was over. The Fort Valley native would go six innings of scoreless ball while scattering three hits and striking out four. His shutout was carried over by fellow senior Cameron Blinn in the seventh inning as the Hurricanes led 2-0. The lead came courtesy of a Corey Benson run on a wild pitch and the Blane Parker's RBI single in the fifth inning.
Barry's bats would come alive in a big way in the eighth inning as they would score all four of their runs in the inning. The plethora of runs in the eighth was kicked off by a pair of RBI singles from Sheehan Planas and James Young for the visitors.
The Canes would get a partial answer to the Buccaneers's big eighth inning with a Michel Coffey single that drove in John Duran in the bottom half of the eighth inning to bring the Hurricanes within one 4-3. The comeback would fall short in the final inning despite the Blue & Gold earning two walks to open the inning. BU closer Tim Blackmon would recover to close the game out and earn the save.
GAME TWO: Georgia Southwestern-7 #16 Barry University-0 (7 innings)
The Blue & Gold's starting pitching would pick up right where Trent Franzago had left off and then some. Senior Matt Weaver would have it going for the Hurricanes on the mound as he took a no-hitter into the seventh and final inning before surrendering his first hit.
Weaver would finish the nightcap with a line of six and a third innings with only one hit, five walks and three strikeouts. The Elko native would earn the win in the decision and get Georgia Southwestern its first win of the season with the help of seven runs of support from the Hurricane bats.
After being quiet during the first two innings, Georgia Southwestern would strike first via a three-run third inning. The third's scoring action saw Blane Parker and Andrew Archer each tally RBI singles and Corey Benson bring John Duran home on a groundout to third.
In the fourth, GSW would put up more runs. Third baseman Blane Parker drove in a run on a sacrifice fly to center and shortstop John Duran registered his first RBI of the season driving in Michael Sneed. The inning was capped off by a two-run Michel Coffey home run over the left field fence to give the Hurricanes the 7-0 lead.
Relief pitcher Tyler Daniel would finish what Matt Weaver started by recording the final two outs of the game and keeping the shutout intact.
After splitting the first two games of the 2012 season, Coach McLain and company will look to get the series victory in Sunday's series finale. First pitch is scheduled for noon and as always it will be "Sundaes on Sundays presented by the Americus-Sumter Chamber of Commerce". Free sundaes will be given to fans at Hurricane Field.


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CT State Parks and Forests Main Page
Park Location
Route 85Hebron(Directions)
Park Contact Information
Gay City State Park435 North StreetHebron, CT 06248
(860) 295-9523
{Link to Purchase a State Park Season Pass}
{Link to Parks and Forests App}
{Symbol for Handicapped Accessibility}
This park offers:
{Symbol for Handicapped Accessibility}
{Symbol for Handicapped Accessibility}
Picnic Tables
The park is open from 8 am to sunset. Gates open for the season on the third Saturday in April. They are opened daily at 8:00 am and closed at sunset. Gates close for the season after Columbus Day weekend. Winter parking is available off-season.
Current information on swimming water quality.
Pets on a leash are permitted in picnic areas and on hiking trails. Pets are not allowed on the beach.
(860) 424-3200
Seasonal Water Quality Information:
(866) 287-2757(Toll Free in CT)
(860) 424-4070
This property was acquired and/or developed with the assistance of the Land and Water Conservation Fund.
{Land and Water Conservation Fund Grant Program}
{Gay City State Park Beach}
Gay City State ParkHebron
Gay City State Park offers a glimpse into Connecticut's industrial roots with over 1500 acres of endless opportunities for outdoor fun including the exploration of extinct mill-town ruins and stone foundations.
For current water quality alerts for this park, please visit www.ct.gov/deep/beachstatus
{Biking} Bicycling
{Pond Fishing} Pond Fishing
{Hiking} Hiking
{Swimming} Swimming
{Picnicking} Picnicking
{Camping} Youth Group Camping
An extensive trail system is maintained in cooperation with the Connecticut Forest and Park Association, which provides volunteer assistance. For information on volunteering for trail activities throughout the state contact the Connecticut Forest and Park Association.
Gay City State Park offers Youth Group Camping.More Information
Bathrooms, Picnic Tables
Note to Swimmers: Please read the Beach Regulations and Swimming Safety Information before entering the park
The Geology of Gay City State Park
From the South/New London area: Follow Route 85 north. Park entrance is 6.7 miles past the intersection with Route 66.
From Glastonbury area: Take Route 85. Park entrance is 2.0 miles past the intersection with Route 94.
From the North/Hartford & Massachusetts area: I-384 east to Exit 5. Take Route 85 south for 4.7 miles.
There is a weekend/holiday parking fee at Gay City State Park for non-residents. Gates open for the season on the third Saturday in April. They are opened daily at 8:00 am and closed at sunset. Gates close for the season after Columbus Day weekend. Winter parking is available off-season.
State Park/Forest Fees | Season and other Park Passes
Printer Friendly Map
GPS Friendly Map for use with mobile apps
Located on the Hebron-Bolton town line, Gay City's 1,569 acres of parkland offer swimming, picnicking and an almost endless opportunity for exploration. The name "Gay City" derives from a now-extinct mill town that once occupied the site. Today only some tumbling stone foundations, several grass-filled cellar holes and a few silent tombstones suggest its former existence.
Gay City was first settled in 1796 by a religious sect led by Elijah Andrus and later by Rev. Henry P. Sumner. The Gays soon comprised the majority of the 25 or more families who then lived in the community. The residents kept strictly to themselves, existing as distinctly separate from the neighboring communities. They built a sawmill along the Black Ledge River and erected homes from the lumber.
Gay City's fate changed with the successes and failures of several commercial enterprises. A woolen mill on the site 1/4 mile below the present pond was a successful business until extreme pressures caused by the various blockades during the War of 1812 brought its closing. Once revived, the mill burned to the ground in 1830, beginning the town's decline with the exodus of many people to urban factory jobs. Rev. Sumner's son built a paper mill which again revived the town somewhat until the Civil War, when many of the town's younger men were killed in battle. Soon after, the mill burned down, triggering the final demise of Gay City and nature's reclaiming of the land. In 1944 Gay City was designated as a state park.
Other Nearby State Recreation Areas Include:
Day Pond State Park, ColchesterLocation: 5 1/2 miles west of Colchester off Route 149 Activities: Hiking, Picnicking, Pond Fishing, Swimming
Salmon River State Forest, Colchester Location: 2 miles west of Route 149 on River RoadActivities: Canoeing, Fly Fishing, Hiking, Historic Covered Bridge, Hunting, Picnicking, River Fishing, Ski Touring
Related Links
Connecticut Tourism InformationFishing Information
{Link to Top of Page} Content updated May 2019


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Jen is a thirty-something Canadian book blogger and bibliophile currently residing in the wilds of suburbia. Aside from a penchant for older men, particularly those with the surnames Firth, Elba and Norton, Jen is also passionately interested in running, Mad Men, and Marilyn Monroe. In addition to being a voracious reader and self-proclaimed television addict, Jen is also an aspiring children and youth services librarian who would like to pursue a MLIS and better help readers find the perfect book for them.
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This is one in a series of posts inviting our users to learn how to get the most information out of historic photos. We'll post a new photo mystery every Monday, and then follow up with more information about the image on Friday. Get the conversation started by commenting on the blog and sharing it with your friends and family.
What people, objects and activities do you notice? Let us know in the comments! Don't be afraid to state the obvious. Noticing details can lead to greater insight.
Try an artist's trick. Divide the photo into four quadrants and study each section. What new details do you see? Based on what you have observed, what can you infer from this photograph? What questions do you have?
Come back on Friday when we will update the post with more identifying information!
For Teachers: Photo interpretation is a great critical thinking activity for students. The Photo Analysis Worksheet from the National Archives lets you use any photo as an opportunity to analyze primary source documents.
This photo shows a safe being delivered to the Polk County Bank in Bartow by means of an ox team pulling a flatcar over temporarily laid railroad tracks.
Reader Patsy Glasscock noticed details such as the prevalence of men wearing hats, the difference between the men in more casual clothes compared to those in business attire, the lack of women in the photo and the presence of a child.
Several readers mentioned the gap in the rails on the dirt street, indicating that the track was temporary. Jon Hoppensteadt observed that no one in the photo was armed, indicating that the safe was probably empty.
We had originally had this photo dated some time in the 1800s. As Jo Reimer noted, the Polk County bank was organized in 1886. Thanks to diligent research by blog readers, and with confirmation from our Archives Historian, we've updated the catalog record.
Thanks all, and join us next Monday for a new photo!


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Martin L. King Jr. Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and the day after, Christmas Break - Christmas Eve through New Years Day
Ages 6 weeks-12 years
call 715-346-4370 to register
Accredited by the National Association for theEducation of Young Children (NAEYC)
5 Star Rated - YoungStar Quality Rating System
Serving children ages 6 weeks through 12 years
Sponsored by the Student Body of UWSP
Our purpose is to provide quality learning experiences and care for infants, toddlers, pre-school, 4K and school age children. UCLCC's learning environments are cognitively stimulating, aesthetically pleasing and foster children's emotional, social, physical and cognitive growth. The center's strong emphasis on family, community and culture is promoted with developmentally appropriate practices and the Reggio Emilia Inspired Approach. Educational learning goals are based on the Wisconsin Model Early Learning Standards; developed through classroom observation as well as child and program assessments. UCLCC is nationally accredited by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and rated a 5-star provider by YoungStar, Wisconsin's quality rating program.
We provide convenient child care services at a reasonable cost to UW-Stevens Point students, faculty/staff, and alumni. Enrollment is also open to community members. Benefits include — peace of mind knowing that your child is in a top quality and caring center; convenient location with reasonable rates; flexible scheduling for students; parent education and a quality program which prepares children for your community school system.
Donations welcomed and appreciated...
Please designate your gift to UCLCC in the special instructions box.
Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays from 1-3pm.
For more information, click on the "programs" tab and the "preschool" tab or call 715-346-4370


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Alfred Laliberté
Canadian, 1878–1953
La Rosse-qui-dételle, c. 1920
32.7 x 41.8 x 22.4 cm
Collection of the Winnipeg Art Gallery
Sculpture, Canadian Modern (1910-1979)
At twenty years of age, Alfred Laliberté won first place at the Quebec Provincial Exhibition for a bust of Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier who had, two years earlier, urged Laliberté's father to allow the young artist to study art in Montreal. Pursuing further studies in Paris between 1902 and 1907, Laliberté discovered the sculpture of Auguste Rodin, which greatly affected his own work. He exhibited at the French Salon in Paris, where he befriended Marc-Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté, a fellow student and native of Quebec's Eastern Townships. Laliberté's output ranged from memorial commissions to sculptural tableaus depicting the folk legends and customs of rural Quebec. La Rosse-qui-dételle memorializes the eponymous fraternal social club Laliberté helped form in the 1920s, which included several high-ranking members of Quebec's judicial and legislative classes.
Gallery Hours
- Tuesday 11am-5pm
- Wednesday 11am-5pm
- Thursday 11am-5pm
- Friday 11am-9pm
- Saturday 11am-5pm
- Sunday 11am-5pm
- Closed Monday


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filmguy33 needed a new stationery design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 3 designs submitted by 2 freelance designers.
RepU.com is ground zero for reputation on the internet for job seekers and the companies who wish to hire them.
RepU.com offers employers an efficient method for filtering applicants by providing only qualified applicants whose educational, professional and societal information has been previously verified.
While what we do is partially automated, RepU.com is not an "Internet only" company. Our investigations team has decades of experience in the private investigations industry, and uses the same tactics and databases as the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
RepU.com isn't just a listing or matching service, we offer a community that breeds interaction, education, and discussion. We work with companies globally, through all stages of employee acquisition, and across all industries.
According to the Buerau of Labor Statistics In Q4 2010, 15.1 million Americans were competing for only 3.4 million job openings. Recruiters and employers have been inundated with applications and resumes that often contain false information.
I am attaching multiple files, one of a business card that looks like a GOOGLE result and one is a screenshot of a basic profile from RepU.com, third is a profile picture of me to insert on the card, next is the logo, and a screenshot of our twitter profile (for colors).
I would like the front of the business card to look like they are looking at a RepU.com profile.
Back of the card: "Begin from a foundation of trust."
The front of the card should include the following information (please reference crude drawing):
Logo (top left), Photo (below logo), address bar with info "http://repu.com/nschavez" (top right),
Right side:
Title with entry-box that says "CEO", Company with entry box that says "RepU.com", Education with entry box that says "Harvard Extension", and Purpose that says "Job Placement: to connect persons of merit to entities of means."
Left side:
Office with entry box that says "303.732.6440"
Direct with entry box that says "303.506.2795"
Email with entry box that says "firstname.lastname@example.com"
You must give us four cards with different information in each, for our different employees. Please use this as the template. You must deliver for us a blank vector file that we can modify later when new employees are acquired.
Thank you!


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Currency Displayed in
Click here for all body styles available with this graphic.
Click here for more Steve Vai products.
Another fine Steve Vai T Shirt in a very cool v-neck. This Vai Head shirt will work great for any fan of Steve Vai. More description pending.
If you're like me, you've had your credit card ready since Disney first …
The initial release of Fortnite was very far from battle royale and modern …
In honor of the upcoming Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker, we scoured the …
Copyright 2020 NerdKungFu. All Rights Reserved.
Sitemap | Call us toll free at 855-912-6373
All prices are in USD.


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Find us on:
This page provides answers to commonly asked questions about menstruation, including the onset, length of cycle, possible problems, and when to see a health care professional.
Review Date: Monday, April 06, 2015
Office on Women's Health
This fact sheet is your guide to frequently asked questions about ovarian cancer, including questions related to prevention, risk and hereditary factors impacting the disease.
Review Date: Monday, May 11, 2015
Ovarian Cancer National Alliance
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a group of symptoms linked to the menstrual cycle. PMS symptoms occur 1 to 2 weeks before your monthly period starts. An online form is offered to help you track your symptoms and discuss them with your doctor.
Review Date: Wednesday, April 01, 2015
Office on Women's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a serious but uncommon infection caused by either Staphylococcus aureus bacteria or by streptococcus bacteria. Originally linked to the use of tampons, it is now also known to be associated with the diaphragm and other birth control methods.
Review Date: Monday, December 31, 2012
The Nemours Foundation
Amenorrhea — the absence of menstruation — can happen during puberty or later in life. Pregnancy may be your first thought if you miss a period, but there are many reasons why you might not be menstruating regularly.
Review Date: Thursday, October 30, 2014
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
Search this directory to find an obstetrician-gynecologist in your area.
Review Date: Thursday, January 24, 2013
American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Learn how to prevent bacterial vaginosis (BV) which can lead to other health problems.
Review Date: Thursday, April 02, 2015
This page provides information about the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic pelvic pain (CPP), including a list of things you can do to help your doctor diagnose and treat you.
Review Date: Tuesday, December 08, 2015
International Pelvic Pain Society
Most girls have to deal with PMS, cramps, or headaches around the time of their periods. Here are the facts on which period problems are common and normal — and which ones might indicate there's something else going on.
Review Date: Thursday, December 20, 2012
There are so many myths about preventing pregnancy. These videos set the record straight.
Review Date: Thursday, April 05, 2012
Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
If you have been diagnosed with a gynecological cancer, such as cervical, endometrial, uterine or ovarian cancer, use this search tool to locate a gynecologic oncologist in your area.
Review Date: Tuesday, October 28, 2014
Foundation for Women's Cancer
Search from more than 820 health centers nationwide for a nearby health center that provides high-quality, affordable sexual and reproductive health care for women, men, and teens.
Review Date: Wednesday, December 09, 2015
Planned Parenthood Federation of America
Vaginitis is an inflammation of a woman's vagina. This page explains why vaginitis occurs, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis, and how to reduce your risk.
Review Date: Wednesday, December 17, 2014
Helping your daughter understand her reproductive system can help her feel confident and learn healthy habits. This article gives parents an understanding of sexual and reproductive health for teen girls.
Review Date: Friday, August 15, 2014
This overview discusses signs and symptoms, causes, risk factors, when to seek medical advice, screening and diagnosis, complications, treatment and self-care of menstrual cramps.
PID is the most common preventable cause of infertility in the United States. Learn more about PID detection and treatment.
NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases – NIAID
Many women feel physical or mood changes during the days before menstruation. Learn how PMS can affect you, how it is diagnosed, and what you can do for relief.
Review Date: Monday, January 05, 2015
While you are seeking effective treatment for vulvar pain, find coping measures to relieve symptoms and prevent further irritation.
National Vulvodynia Association
This document provides an overview of the types of urinary incontinence in women and their related treatments. Bladder retraining and Kegel exercises are explained too,
NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases - NIDDK
There is no known cause for uterine fibroids. Nevertheless, age, race, lifestyle and genetics may well play a part in the overall scheme of your health and your own body's tendency to develop symptomatic uterine fibroids. Learn about the foods that have protective value against uterine fibroids and those to avoid.
Review Date: Friday, June 08, 2012
National Uterine Fibroids Foundation
Learn how to prevent vaginal yeast infections.
If you are a young woman, find out when and why you need to start seeing a gynecologist.
Review Date: Friday, July 11, 2014
Fibroids are tumors or lumps made of muscle cells and other tissue that grow within the walls of the uterus. This webpage provides information about fibroids, including risk factors, symptoms, treatment options, and more.
Review Date: Tuesday, December 01, 2015
National Women's Health Network
If you have never had a gynecologic exam before, you may have questions about what will happen at your first visit. This pamphlet will explain what to expect during a pelvic exam, Pap Test, and more.
Review Date: Friday, October 31, 2014
Note: Documents in PDF format require the Adobe Acrobat Reader®. If you experience problems with PDF documents, please download the latest version of the Reader®.
Language Assistance Available


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Mine are from the past. Like from the olden days.
You can tell it's from the olden days, because my Coke can had a "pull off tab" instead of the kind that you just flip back.
Maybe this costume is what made me the Coke addict I am today. All I know is that it was hard to skate in, but I managed.


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Estimated cumulative emissions from fossil fuel use, cement production and land-use change since industrialization began are
tonnes of carbon.
Cumulative emissions matter, because the total amount of carbon dioxide that can be released into the atmosphere is limited if we are to avoid dangerous climate change. The limit depends on:
How much warming should we expect per tonne of carbon released into the atmosphere?
At what level do you want global temperatures to peak?
If temperatures rise by 2°C per trillion tonnes of carbon released into the atmosphere, to avoid more than 2°C of warming we need to limit total cumulative emissions to below 1,000,000,000,000 tonnes of carbon.
Based on emission trends over the past 20 years, we expect the 1,000,000,000,000th tonne will be emitted on Sat, 22 Dec 2040 11:28:02 GMT
We would not release the 1,000,000,000,000th tonne if emissions were to start falling now at 2.4656523368 % per year


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NSA leaker Edward Snowden has sent out appeals for asylum to six more countries, WikiLeaks reported Friday, in a sign of the marooned fugitive's mounting desperation in the face of international indifference to his plight.
Snowden remains trapped in a diplomatic no-man's land at Moscow's Sheremetyevo airport, lacking documents that would allow him to enter Russia or travel to a country willing to damage relations with Washington to give him refuge.
The 30-year-old former contract worker for the National Security Agency has been on the run for more than a month since telling journalists about massive U.S. efforts to track telephone conversations and Internet traffic around the world.
Snowden lost what was probably his best shot for reprieve on Thursday, when minor parties in Iceland's parliament proposed granting Snowden immediate citizenship. That would have allowed him, once provided with a passport by the Icelandic Embassy in Moscow, to fly to Reykjavik and shelter in the chilly Nordic nation to evade extradition to the United States for prosecution on espionage charges.
But the proposal by the liberal Left-Green, Pirate and Brighter Future parties fizzled, with only six of the parliament's 63 members expressing support, the Russia Today network reported. The legislature then recessed for the summer.
Before Friday's announcement of additional asylum bids, WikiLeaks had reported that Snowden had appealed to 21 countries for political asylum. He subsequently withdrew the request to settle in Russia following President Vladimir Putin's condition that he refrain from leaking information about U.S. surveillance practices that are "aimed at inflicting damage to our American partners."
None of the other 20 states identified by WikiLeaks has offered Snowden refuge. Most have evaded a formal response because their asylum laws require an application to be made in person on national soil. Others, such as U.S. allies France, Germany, Poland and India, have denied him entry.
WikiLeaks, the secret-revealing website that has been aiding Snowden in his efforts to dodge U.S. extradition, announced via Twitter on Friday that six more countries had been approached.
"Edward #Snowden has applied to another six countries for asylum. They will not be named at this time due to attempted U.S. interference," WikiLeaks tweeted.
The freedom-of-information crusaders were apparently referring to reports of U.S. pressure being applied to countries to which Snowden had previously appealed for asylum. Four U.S.-allied states -- France, Italy, Spain and Portugal -- denied airspace entry Tuesday to a plane carrying Bolivian President Evo Morales because they had been informed that Snowden might be on board with the leftist leader, who as headed home to La Paz after a meeting in Moscow.
Snowden has been in the Sheremetyevo transit area for 13 days. Foreign journalists have been searching the publicly accessible areas of the airport between arrival gates and passport control but none have reported any encounter with the fugitive. That suggests he is in a secure area under watch by Russian border guards -- and probably security and intelligence officials keen to learn more about the secret data he reportedly carried in with him on four computers.
African Union suspends Egypt over Morsi's ouster
Top South Africans call on Mandela family to reconcile
Pope issues his first encyclical; John Paul II cleared for sainthood


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Neil CraverRead more...
As a youth in North Carolina Neil Craver begun his path as an abstract painter and figurative sculptor. His motivation grew from his interest of psychophysical effects of chroma. Photography holds all the intrinsic values of all the other arts but differers in the fact the it's the foundation of existence. His creations are the exploration of his inner facilities in the pursuit of contemporary knowledge expressing "original thoughts".
"Nothing can exist without the photon, and every aspect is controlled by it's usage"
Find more information about Neil Craver on http://omni-phantasmic.com
A combining form denoting all, every, everywhere; as in omnipotent, all-powerful; omnipresent; omnivorous.
1. Something apparently seen but having no physical reality; a phantom or an apparition. Also called phantasma.
2. An illusory mental image.
3. In Platonic philosophy, objective reality as perceived and distorted by the five senses.
This project is meant to be consumed with your emotions, and not simply perceived with your sense organs. I wanted a transcendental meaning behind them; not only with the use of chromatics and aesthetics. But with my intended focus be on the philosophical theories, I wanted a "subliminal composition" to create an under tow of messages to stress the strong influences of unconscious elements affecting and driving people's lives. With the creation of a strong undercurrent of incommunicable thoughts; this will be the stage for illuminating the subconscious intellect into absolute perception.
The visual aesthetics are purely symbolic in their thought application and structure; with decomposing forests of broken memory connections, and tumbling of vertigo into the correct positions of phenomenal reality. The shallowness of the area above the horizon line indicates the division of the limited amount of information consciously perceivable (atmosphere-above) and the larger mass storage of all the sense information, rationalizations,and prejudices of the subconscious below (hydrosphere-below). The nexus of contingents between drowning and floating, falling and flying, dying and living are some of the main unphysical-intangible themes in this series.
A dominant temporal element of composition would be the use of the female form. I used the intrinsic values of this object to exploit and illustrate the submerged network of the unconscious condemnation and restriction of the nude form in popular society. With this formation of energies being repressed in the subconscious state, one's behavior could start to dissolve the foundation of the self. With no outlets for expression, one could only predict the unconscious wishes could turn into anxiety and transform into synthetic states; such as phobias,aggression, and other maladjusted personality disorders.
What you can perceive and process is an extremely finite portion of what you receive from the physical environment. And to truly grasp the vexing questions of your inner facilities, you must open yourself to a flood of unrestricted information. So one must dive into the cloudy placid waters of the subconscious world to uncover a linkage between the conscious and the subconscious mind. Once the excavation is started; the illumination of the self imposed restrains of values, ideas, and moral codes will dissolve. When the subconscious floods pass society's imprisonment; starting a process of uncontaminated awareness; a penetrating understanding will unfold!