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Home > Fitness & Health > Health Library > SAM-e
SAM-e is short for S-adenosylmethionine, a substance that occurs naturally in the cells of plants, animals, and humans. SAM-e is not an herb. Because the body produces less SAM-e with age, some people think that SAM-e may be a helpful supplement for certain diseases. In the United States, it is sold as a dietary supplement.
In the United States, people use SAM-e to treat depression or to preserve emotional well-being. SAM-e may help with symptoms of depression in the short term, but more studies are needed to compare SAM-e with no treatment and with conventional treatment.
SAM-e may also help to relieve pain in osteoarthritis and symptoms of some liver diseases.
Side effects may include:
People diagnosed with bipolar disorder should not take SAM-e.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate dietary supplements in the same way it regulates medicines. A dietary supplement can be sold with limited or no research on how well it works.
Always tell your doctor if you are using a dietary supplement or if you are thinking about combining a dietary supplement with your conventional medical treatment. It may not be safe to forgo your conventional medical treatment and rely only on a dietary supplement. This is especially important for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
When using dietary supplements, keep in mind the following:
Other Works Consulted
Murray MT (2013). SAMe (S-adenoslymethionine). In JE Pizzorno, MT Murray, eds., Textbook of Natural Medicine, 4th ed., pp. 1012–1017. St. Louis: Mosby.
SAMe (2008). In A DerMarderosian et al., eds., Review of Natural Products. St. Louis: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Current as of: May 28, 2019
Author: Healthwise StaffMedical Review: Adam Husney, MD - Family MedicineKathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine
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TopLink uses metadata (see Section 2.9, "Working with TopLink Metadata") to describe how objects relate to a data source representation. Your mapping and configuration activities construct this metadata.
After creating the metadata, you can use it in any number of applications by referencing the metadata from a session (see Chapter 87, "Introduction to TopLink Sessions"). The TopLink runtime uses this metadata in all persistence and data transformation operations.
This chapter includes the following section:
This section describes concepts unique to TopLink mapping and configuration, including the following:
Project class is the primary container in which TopLink stores its mapping and configuration metadata. A project relates a set of object classes to a data source at the data model level.
A project contains a descriptor (see Section 14.1.2, "Descriptors") for each class and each descriptor contains a mapping (see Section 14.1.3, "Mappings") for each data member that TopLink should persist or transform.
Using Oracle JDeveloper TopLink Editor or TopLink Workbench, you can export mapping and configuration metadata into a deployment XML file called
project. For more information, see Section 116.3, "Exporting Project Information".
After creating the project XML file, you must associate it with a session so that TopLink can use it at run time. For more information, see Section 89.2, "Configuring a Primary Mapping Project".
For Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) applications where there is no session, deploy the project XML file to the target application server. In this context, the project XML file is also known as the deployment XML file.
For more information, see the following:
Descriptors describe how a Java class relates to a data source representation. They relate object classes to the data source at the data model level. For example, persistent class attributes may map to database columns.
TopLink uses descriptors to store the information that describes how an instance of a particular class can be represented in a data source (see Section 14.1.3, "Mappings"). Most descriptor information can be defined by Oracle JDeveloper TopLink Editor or TopLink Workbench, then read from the project XML file at run time.
See Chapter 16, "Introduction to Descriptors" for more information.
Mappings describe how individual object attributes relate to a data source representation. Mappings can involve a complex transformation or a direct entry.
TopLink uses mappings to determine how to transform data between object and data source representation. Most mapping information can be defined by Oracle JDeveloper TopLink Editor or TopLink Workbench, then read from the project XML file at run time. Mappings are owned by descriptors (see Section 14.1.2, "Descriptors").
See Chapter 17, "Introduction to Mappings" for more information.

subset: commoncrawl


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Review: Colters' Woman by Maya Banks & Giveaway
Sunday, March 28, 2010
Adam, Ethan and Ryan aren't looking for women. They're looking for a woman. One woman to share their lives and their beds. They don't want a casual romp in the hay, they want the woman who will complete them and they're losing hope of finding her. That is until Adam finds Holly lying in the snow just yards from their cabin. He knows she's different the minute he holds her in his arms. But before Adam gets his hopes up, he knows he has to gauge his brothers reactions. Soon its evident that she's the one. There are a few problems, however convincing her she belongs with them and keeping her safe from the man who wants her dead. Warning, this title contains the following: explicit sex, graphic language, ménage à quatre, violence.
I won this book over at Patti's place. I agreed to review it cuz she was not so fond of the book and wanted to give it another chance(here is Patti's review). But I have to say it really wasn't a book for me either. It took me forever to read it and I had to force myself to do it. But I think my reason for not liking it aren't all the same as Patti's so I will try to tell you what my problem was.
The beginning reminded me of Amber Eyes also by Maya Banks but after I grabbed that one again I saw that the beginnings aren't that identical but it was what I thought as I started it. When he finds Holly in the snow and immediately knows that she is the one I thought okay, it is a book and not reality after all. But when we learn what horrible things Holly went through and then see her falling in love again to 3 men so soon after that I was rather disappointed. I don't have any problem with the 3 men being brothers. They don't really interact in bed with each other, what I find rather an achievement with all these bodies and all, so I really don't mind. But seriously: you have a frightened woman running away from her murdering husband and she meets 3 brothers and bam she loses all her problems with commitment after perhaps 24 hours? I so don't get that at all. I think I would have liked this book more if at least the building up of the relationship would have been more. You can say a hundred times that the men love Holly but that doesn't make me believe it.
I want to read about the struggles and the inner problems all 4 of them faced and not only a short rundown of it.
Another problem I found myself confronted with where the sex scenes. I think this was the first book where I really skipped some of them cuz I just couldn't stand it. Not at all sexy. I felt like reading a porn movie. Perhaps this book is written for men? No idea. Since I finished it I'm thinking about why I didn't like the smex. Perhaps it is connected to the first problem. I think I like the smex in a romance or erotica book when I can feel for the characters or at least like them. Neither was the case in this book for me.
The suspense plot was unfortunately not to my liking either. It was too slow for me and it didn't grab me. The decision for the divorce felt a bit too forced for me and all the surprising action was not surprising at all. I always knew what would happen next- it was really predictable.
So all in all not really my kind of book. The romance was too fast and the action was to slow. I couldn't really feel for the characters and it all left me untouched in the end.
To learn more about Maya Banks and her books please visit her website here.
Other reviews @goodreads. Buy the book @amazon
I decided to give the book to
another reviewer so we all can read another opinion about this book.
Read more...
All you have to do is state that you want to read and review this book in the comments and I will pick one commenter next Sunday(April, 4th).
Good Luck everyone!
All you have to do is state that you want to read and review this book in the comments and I will pick one commenter next Sunday(April, 4th).
Good Luck everyone!


text: Wednesday, February 15, 2012 Conference Committee Reaches Deal on SGR Update Late last night, the Congressional Conference Committee reached a deal on a 10-month measure that would prevent a 27.4% cut, due to the flawed Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) portion of the fee schedule, to Medicare providers scheduled for March 1. Sources on Capitol Hill have indicated to APTA that the deal also would extend the therapy cap exceptions process for the remainder of 2012. National Journal is reporting that the 10-month extension, which costs nearly $20 billion, could be paid for by pulling money from a fund earmarked for preventive medicine in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and cutting Medicare "bad debt" payments to hospitals when beneficiaries fail to pay their copays. Significant pressure from the prevention community to defeat this legislation is expected, due to the defunding of prevention dollars included in ACA. The House and Senate still must pass the measure by February 29 to avoid the return of the therapy cap without exceptions and the 27.4% payment cut for Part B outpatient physical therapy services. Upon its release, APTA will analyze the legislative text to see if it contains language that the association advocated for in the fall to set a path toward payment reform in therapy services. Advocating on behalf of hundreds of thousands of Medicare beneficiaries who receive outpatient rehabilitation services every year, APTA, as part of the Therapy Cap Coalition, yesterday urged members of the Congressional Conference Committee to provide the longest possible exceptions extension for Medicare Part B therapy services in the committee's final agreement. Comments Disappointed that Conference Committee (and Congress, as of today's news) did not take advantage of opportunity to fix the whole SGR system & arbitrary MR B cap... a 2012 extension IS preferable to the alternative, however! Posted by Mark Watson -> >FU[=F on 2/15/2012 5:18 PM To the Congressional Conference Committee, Please extend the Medicare cap without exceptions for the remaineder of 2012, and please do not cut the part B schedule for outpatient physical therapy services. Many patients are unable to complete their rehab and return to painfree functional independence, and are unable to pay for additional PT without undue financial hardship. Posted by Tamar Amitay on 2/15/2012 5:23 PM Who, exactly, is the "prevention community"? Physical therapists practice preventative interventions but we lobbied as hard as anyone to see this stop-gap measure passed. But, at the end of the day, we need those Fee-for-Service dollars to keep our clinic doors open and our employees paid. Tim Richardson, PT www.PhysicalTherapyDiagnosis.com Posted by tim richardson on 2/18/2012 3:39 AM


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Icon Overlord Resistance Jacket
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A supersport battle cry against the powers that be. The Icon Overlord Resistance Jacket is the next generation of street battle dress. Icon's proprietary Unit-Fused construction minimizes weight & increases comfort, all while adding a multi-tiered plan of defense. Injected shoulder, elbow, and back plates are composited with ballistic nylons and Fighter Mesh to form a tactical front. Internally, the Overlord Resistance Jacket is equipped with a full reinforcement of CE certified D3O® impact protectors - shoulders, elbows, and Viper back. Aggressive attack fit and dark hero design attributes ensure the Overlord Resistance Jacket defines street performance. Resistance, by any means necessary.
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With BucketListly, you can create an online bucket list that keeps track of your life goals while allowing you to go live your life to the fullest. Simply snap a photo of your achievement, tag a location, and share the stories to the people you care about.
From all over the world and start living the life you are meant to live.


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Can going to a chiropractor in Orange Park help with plantar fasciitis?
It often takes many months to get over acute plantar fasciitis. Chiropractor in Orange Park can help you deal with one significant contributing factor to plantar fasciitis, which is bad posture. Plantar Fasciitis is a serious and painful condition that occurs when the long, flat ligament along the bottom of the foot develops tears and inflammation. Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common sources of chronic pain to afflict the musculoskeletal system for many Americans. When you consider what your feet go through, taking 8,000 steps over the course of a day, according to the Illinois Podiatric Medical Association (IPMA), it's easy to see how 75 percent of all Americans will have some type of foot pain at some point in their lives. When you suffer from plantar fasciitis, there is inflammation (that's what "-itis" means) of the fascia. The pain is usually in the front and bottom of the heel.
Can a Chiropractor For Plantar Fasciitis help a heel spur in Orange Park, Florida?
At Village Counseling, your Chiropractor will go through a thorough case history and examination. Many of those dealing with plantar fasciitis begin every morning with wincing and a few choice words as they suffer from the sensation of walking on glass shards. With the lack of success in traditional medical treatments, chiropractic care has become a leading option for those suffering from the condition. When pain is severe or prolonged, you might need an orthopedist or a podiatrist to inject steroids and pain medication into the painful area of the heel. While chiropractors in Clay County 32073 do amazing work, it's important to set realistic expectations and understand exactly what chiropractors can (and can't) do to help alleviate your symptoms from plantar fasciitis. Serious cases of plantar fasciitis can possibly lead to ruptures in the ligament. In the case of plantar fasciitis, stress would be removed from the bottom of the foot.
What is the best exercise for plantar fasciitis?
Plantar fasciitis is caused when the ligament that connects your toes to your heel (the plantar fascia) becomes inflamed, swollen, and weak. Usually, the pain is found where the fascia attaches to the heel.
Plantar fasciitis and heel spurs are conditions caused by such factors as:
- age-related shrinkage of the heel fat pad (a.k.a. fat ad atrophy)
- being overweight
- an injury
- a change or increase in activities
- unpadded shoes on the hard ground
- repetitive stress
- too much standing
- diets low in vitamin C
- poor shoes
Chiropractic Techniques in Orange Park for Plantar Fasciitis
The chronic pain of plantar fasciitis is a condition in Orange Park, Florida that's hard to ignore, and the fact that it normally doesn't respond well to traditional treatment methods doesn't help. While some chiropractors might be able to offer advice or physical treatment (such as ultrasound) for plantar fasciitis, they cannot offer prescription medication or injections for acute, prolonged plantar fasciitis, which is often debilitating. A good Chiropractor can help you improve your posture, which will, in turn, improve the way your feet feel as you walk or move! When you walk or run, you land on your heel and raise yourself on your toes as you shift your weight to your other foot, causing all your weight to be held up by your plantar fascia. The cause of this condition are tears in the tissue running along the bottom length of the foot, which is termed the plantar fascia ligament by medical science.
- Laurel Grove
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- Camp Echockotee
- Meadowbrook Terrace
- Bellair
- Orange Park North Mobile Home Community
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Chiropractic Cure for Plantar Fasciitis
Chiropractic for plantar fasciitis in Florida involves a very precise technique that involves adjustments to the feet and ankles as well as spinal alignment. When running on a hard surface like the sidewalks, you will stretch out your fascia more. If you have heel pain at the inside, front and bottom of your heel, especially if it's in the morning or after sitting a long time, then your probably have plantar fasciitis (heel spur). It connects the heel bone to the base of the toes and forms the longitudinal arch of the foot. Early development of a spur may be more painful than a large spur that has been present for a long time. For instance, Chiropractors in Clay County can address some of the contributing causes of plantar fasciitis (or help mitigate some of the reasons your plantar fasciitis might be worsening). This ligament is called the plantar fascia and it extends from your five toes and runs along the bottom of your foot, attaching to your heel.
Related Video:


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Photo: adamfarnsworth on flickr
This is guest post by Christian Kerschner. Christian is a PhD Candidate of the Institute for Environment and Technology (ICTA) at the Autonomous University of Barcelona and a Researcher at SERI Vienna. In his PhD he focuses on a Multimethod-analysis of Peak Oil, mainly using Input Output Approaches. Moreover he published scientific articles on the steady state economy and degrowth. His latest work centres around attitudes towards technology.
ASPO is a no-budget loose association of people interested in studying Peak Oil. It was formed in 2002 (10th anniversary this year) by Colin Campbell and Kjell Aleklett, both petroleum geologists. The term Peak Oil (which often creates confusion – I don't know how many times I had to say "no, not Pig Oil – Peak Oil") by the way was "created at that moment". They thought that ASOP (Association for the study of the oil Peak) did not sound so good so they changed the word order. The community meets yearly and consists of scientists and analysts /consultants. All speakers are on invitation only and there are mainly plenary sessions. Many speakers are contributors of the community's main communication platform The Oil Drum, which is a high profile, quite strictly edited blog and one-stop-shop for everything related to Peak Oil (PO).
[Editors note: many talks mentioned below are available on the ASPO YouTube channel. Several links for specific speakers are given at the end.]
The conference was organised extremely professionally and had top sponsors and speakers:
- Austrian Environment Ministry
- Ministry of Traffic
- Innovation and Technology
- City of Vienna
- The province of Lower Austria
- Austrian Chamber of Commerce (WKO)
- Austrian Energy and Climate Fund
- Politics2 Austrian Ministers (Pernkopf and Berlakovich i.V) Vice mayor of Vienna (Vassilakou) Christoph Chorherr (Green Party President Vienna) Yves Cochet (EU Parlament member)
- 2 Austrian Ministers (Pernkopf and Berlakovich i.V)
- Vice mayor of Vienna (Vassilakou) Christoph Chorherr (Green Party President Vienna) Yves Cochet (EU Parlament member)
- ScienceRobert Hirsch Dennis Meadows Helga Kromp-Kolb Nebojsa Nakicenovic Wolfgang Streicher Werner Zittel
- Robert Hirsch
- Dennis Meadows
- Helga Kromp-Kolb
- Nebojsa Nakicenovic
- Wolfgang Streicher
- Werner Zittel
All presentations will be on the web and you tube soon.
The following represents a bullet-point style summary of my main take-home messages.
- Main drivers/issues for Oil and Energy at the moment
- The state of the Peak Oil Debate in ASPO today
- The lack of appropriate official institutional and policy response
- Possible ImpactsClimate Change: Helga Kromp-Kolb Geopolitics: Michael Klare – Resource Wars Financial – Monetary System
- Climate Change: Helga Kromp-Kolb
- Geopolitics: Michael Klare – Resource Wars
- Financial – Monetary System
- Solutions are easyThe golden age of Shale oil (Schiefer gas) Renewable Energy (RE) affluence vs. sufficiency So if it's so easy, why is it not happening already?
- The golden age of Shale oil (Schiefer gas)
- Renewable Energy (RE) affluence vs. sufficiency
- So if it's so easy, why is it not happening already?
- Solutions are difficult but possibleSystemic-Change, Collapse, Economic crises, End of Capitalism Reiner Kuemmel: Thermodynamics Entropy and the Origins of Wealth Nate Hagens
- Systemic-Change, Collapse, Economic crises, End of Capitalism
- Reiner Kuemmel: Thermodynamics Entropy and the Origins of Wealth
- Nate Hagens
Main drivers/issues for Oil and Energy at the moment
- Arab Spring (supply disruption)
- Fukushima (higher fossil fuel demand by Japan),
- 2011 first year in history with oil prices above 100 US$/barrel on average,
- 2-5 Million barrel/day decline of supply per year,
- the world in recession, OECD countries consuming less – all and more absorbed by India, China, etc. (10% growth = 1-2 million barrels/ year more)
The state of the Peak Oil Debate in ASPO today
A nice summary of the main discussion points was presented by Paul Hohen:
- Peak-Oil is now! (true but there is some delay due to unconventional oil and gas)
- Plateau Oil now! (true, since 2005 at just above 80 Mb/d, but not for very much longer as the potentials of unconventional oil and gas are extremely limited)
- The precise moment of PO is not so important anymore, as we are probably already at or closely before the peak according to many. (Robert Hirsch: Peak is likely in 1 to 4 years).
- Peak Myth (i.e. there is plenty still): not true – good news trump bad ones – new finds exaggerated (e.g.: shale gas hype)
- Peak Demand: (False – demand is still rising, especially in Asia. As Bob Hirsch says – there is a 100 trillion US$ infrastructure installed on the planet which works on oil – changing this will take many years (20 or more)).
- Peak Price (or Peak Economics): (also true but there is a maximum price the economy can take before it goes into recession and the oil price falls – 6-7% of GDP according to Euan Mearns). Price should not be overemphasized – according to Meadows – the main issue is Exports! For producers of oil the market price is not that relevant.
- Peak Emissions: (True? IPCC seems to overestimate available carbohydrates for its scenarios (only 3 of 37 are within realistic ranges according to Aleklett), but there are other drivers for green house gas emissions too). According to Nakicinovic, there is still 30000 Gt of C02 in Coal left. Only 850 are allowed to remain below 2 degrees.
- Peak Insecurity: Political insecurity is on the rise, which explains the rush of the oil industry to invest in shale gas/oil which is technically difficult but in politically safe places, where they can own assets.
According to Hohen, the main Analysis Gaps are:
- Information (lack of reliable oil data)
- Awareness (politics, business, investors, media, consumer)
- No structured discussion (IEA denies PO)
- Communication: not attractive for media – bad story with no happy ending
- No official policy response
The lack of appropriate official institutional and policy response
The reasons why politicians do not want to touch PO are mainly two:
- Jeremy Leggett: There is nothing of interest in PO for a politician – if in opposition – (s)he will be attacked for scare-mongering; if in office – unravelling an issue for which one cannot present credible answers is political suicide.
- Robert Hirsch: Politicians react only to what is there as people prefer to deal with problems of today, not with those of tomorrow. Peak Oil is a very bad news story, which people don't like. The climate change story on the other hand has been communicated better – everyone can do something about it. With regards to PO we have failed. I am not sure what we should do.
This of course would explain why official statistical bodies (IEA & EIA) are put under pressure, not to unpack the issue publicly. If someone "important" would use the word Peak Oil publicly that would cause chaos and confusion on the markets.
Rainer Kummel: Politicians are smarter than the general electorate. They know about Peak Oil. But if they would propose any measures the tabloids would beat them.
Michael Cerveny: People are made to believe that high oil prices were due to speculation. Hence many think it was a temporary phenomenon. Now SUV sales are going up again. And people continue to install oil heating systems. Policy makers should warn people that high oil prices are here to stay.
Another problem are mainstream economists, who advise governments and politicians. They insist that there are no risks and that there are still 40 years of supply (Jeremy Leggett, UK industry task force on PO). According to one UK secretary of state, tar sands still offer vast amounts of oil. When Jeremy asked, if he/she knew about their actual flow rates, he/she replied: We are economists, we don't do such details. Moreover Jeremy reports from a secretary of state which first agreed to an oil shock response plan, but 6 months later denied everything.
Possible Impacts
Robert Hirsch: Important: Peak Oil is not an energy crisis but a liquid fuels crises!
There will be many similar phenomena to those seen during the 1970s oil crises: lines at the petrol station, public anger, rationing. People will be in pain.
Climate Change: Helga Kromp-Kolb
We should stop talking about % decreases of emissions. It's the absolute numbers that count! Even 2 degrees temperature rise may be too much for tipping points. 1,5 would be better – but both are below most optimistic IPCC estimates. Changing that is said to be economically not feasible – but a safe operating space for humanity is more important than temporal economics.
Michael Klare presented a very gloomy outlook for what's going to happen in his book "The Race for What's Left: The Global Scramble for the World's Last Resources". He explains the Oil factor behind wars – from WWI and how the "Carter Doctrine" justifies US military intervention if the free flow of oil from the middle east is in danger. This discourse was quite open until the campaign "no blood for oil" with Bush I. Then however the discourse changed to that of weapons of mass destruction and fighting terrorism. Another speaker – Daniele Ganser – said there were people who therefore doubt the official 9/11 story.
According to Karin Kneissel – WWI is still not over. The territorial fragmentation continues. Borders in the middle east were drawn according to pipe lines. Nevertheless, future resource wars are not going to be located there, but in the South Chinese Sea, where large gas fields are. There is a certain sentiment of the revenge of the colonized against the former colonizers. China is much faster in securing resources. Europe took 10 years trying to reach consensus over building the Nabucco Gas-Pipeline and failed. The Chinese on the contrary just built a 8000 km pipeline in only 11 months.
Resource Nationalism is a useless concept which does not explain the increasing control over natural resources according to Olivier Rech. Moreover it a dangerous concept, as it sounds like countries should be forced to share their resources freely. Different cultures have different ways of viewing intergenerational equity. In the US, UK and the Netherlands for example individualism is dominant – not so in Saudi Arabia – where decisions should be taken for the good of the community.
According to Alexander Pöegl, oil markets are manipulated purposefully by the super powers:
- If oil prices too high – "we release strategic reserves" – gives an impression of safety.
- Too low – FBI issues warning over …..
Financial – Monetary System
A wide consensus emerged that the financial system will inevitably collapse, because outstanding debts are borrowed future growth, which will not happen anymore as it was fuelled by cheap resources. Fiat money is no longer working if energy prices increase constantly. Hence many European countries are now printing money for buying the oil they can no longer afford – the EURO crises being a direct effect of the oil crunch.
Fiat money is no longer working if energy prices increase constantly. Many European countries are now printing money for buying the oil they can no longer afford.
Nate Hagens: Money is created through loan. Before this wasn't a problem. Money was scarce and there were many opportunities; now this has changed. Debt is a reallocation of resources over space and time: from the periphery to the centre and from future to present generations. Now every dollar of debt produces only one dollar or less. The problem is that standard economists thought that oil would behave like any other product – become cheaper and cheaper. Without debt we would be in recession since 2008 – what we do now will make the fall sooner and steeper – debt speeds up extraction process.
One possible remedy for one part of this problem was presented by Thomas Bachheimer (Gold Standard Institute): The big problem is that we have limited sources of oil (energy) and an unlimited yardstick to measure it i.e. US$. The amount of the latter is increasing, while oil is decreasing. Instead Oil should be traded in gold as no other commodity is relatively so stable. At the moment we have the unacceptable situation that the US as the only country in the world can print money to buy oil.
Thinking about solutions is the main challenge for ASPO according to many of the present speakers and participants. The Association was formed to warn about Peak-Oil not to present solutions. If this does not change quickly ASPO will remain publicly irrelevant (just like the Club of Rome) according to Meadows.
"Prediction is difficult especially about the future!" (Niels Bohr)
Solutions are easy
The golden age of Shale oil (Schiefer gas)
This is not a golden age, but the retirement party of the oil age (Arthur Berman). "If something sounds too good to be true, it probably is."
The industry is losing money with it (Arthur Berman), because the wells are extremely expensive and have very fast decline rates (Euan Mearns). This is particularly the case since gas prices in the US have collapsed. Temporarily some good wells may still be subsidizing bad ones.
Disadvantages of shale gas:
- Fast decline rates
- Expensive wells & technology
- Danger of groundwater contamination by chemicals added to fracking- water (2 tons per well!)
- Large land-mass necessary, because many boreholes necessary – this is a problem for Europe, which is much more densely populated than the US
Renewable Energy (RE) affluence vs. sufficiency
Obviously everyone is in favour of renewables, but there is big tension between those who preach "100% renewable is possible without radical systemic changes" (Jeremy Leggett, Peter Droege, Karen Smith-Stegen, Claudia Kemfert), and those who only see a limited scope for RE of around 10% of the current energy mix and therefore a need for (and desirability of – Hagens) sufficiency (Nate Hagens, Pierre-René Bauquis, Yves Cochet, Jeremy Gilbert, Rob Hirsch, Meadows, Reiner Kummel..). Austria for example has a strategy to become Energy autarkic by 2050 including a complete restructuring of the energy system and Electricity autarkic by 2012 according to the ministries. Berlin for example is apparently already Energy-independent (Peter Droege). Wind alone, so it is argued by another speaker, could provide 4-5 times global conventional energy demand. Berlin is already Energy-independent (Peter Droege). To many (e.g. Michael Klare), RE are the only hope for avoiding collapse and resource wars.
The middle ground of these positions is covered by Nakicenovic's idea of "transition", driven strongly by efficiency and maybe Wolfgang Streicher's "100% Renewables for Austria by 2050" (the study does not include the Rucksack of imported goods which amount to about 44%). On the technological side of renewable Audi is currently working on combating the main problem of RE – cyclicality, with its system of power-to gas conversion (Hermann Pengg).
Pierre-René Bauquis is the only one in favour of Nuclear due to the limited scope of RE. Even though he claims that with solar energy we might have a "wild card", as progress is difficult to predict. Total (which he worked for) is still the only oil company which openly talks about Peak-Oil. Gilbert and Hirsch would be among those being in favour of more exploration of fossil fuels. Hirsch would also be in favour of pushing Coal-to-liquid. Gilbert calls the media and public reaction after the Gulf of Mexico an exaggeration (new technology inevitably has risks and costs – if we want more oil we have to accept that). The Rimini (oil cap) protocol, which he recalled himself, is an unrealistic dream, as we do not want to reduce our consumption voluntarily.
Not surprisingly, many "100%-no-problem people" have vested interests in the renewable energy industry or work within the framework of such projects (e.g. Smith-Stegen for Desertec , which is according to critics – despite the good intentions – solar colonialism – this caused quite some debate).
So if its so easy, why is it not happening already?
The answer given throughout was the huge power of the oil lobby, which is interesting, as many people at the conference work or have worked for that industry at some point (insiders). The energy industry, the incumbency, works hard to keep us in the fossil fuel age in order to keep power production centralized says Jeremy Leggett for example, The hope/assumption of many (e.g. Aleklett) is that a new energy system will be democratised. This however is exactly what "Big Oil"does not want. So every new small find of oil or shale continues to be celebrated like a new Quatar (The Economist: Drowning in Oil).
Fossil fuel subsidies are still 312 Billion US$ compared to 57 Billion US$ for RE (Claudia Kemfert). A major problem of the renewables industry and for investors is that banks don't provide loans at acceptable rates.
Solutions are difficult but possible
Systemic-Change, Collapse, Economic crises, End of Capitalism
Even though the IMF just reaffirmed that high oil prices have nothing to do with the economic crises, many of the most prominent speakers agree that PO is a major game-changer and means the end of Capitalism at least in its present form.
Meadows compares the economy to a race car which goes at 200 km/h. Taking off one tire does not mean it will go at 150 km/h – it will not go at all. The economy cannot take an oil price of above 200 US$ – it will collapse. The Eurocrisis to him is due to high oil prices.
Euan Mearns: Capitalism is based on cheap fossil fuels and a free licence to pollute. Both are changing now, being the death knell of capitalism – the fall over the net energy cliff. It is clear that the economy can only take certain levels of oil prices. If it's more than 6-7% of GDP, then the economy goes into recession.
Reiner Kummel: Thermodynamics Entropy and the Origins of Wealth
According to the cost-share-theory the energy sector has no importance as it only represents about 5% of costs. Hence only capital and labour were included in the production function. This neoclassical cost-share weighting always resulted in a 0,5 % residual (Solow residual), which is traditionally attributed to technological progress (liker manna from heaven). In fact only 50% of GDP growth can be explained that way. Professor Kummel produced a model (KULEC model), with which he shows the true contribution of the Energy sector to the productive powers of Germany (almost more than the other factors together: capital, labour and creativity).
He concludes: Energy is cheap and productive while labour is expensive and "unproductive", which explains why the latter is replaced by the former wherever possible. Wealth goes to those who own, control and use resources. He is critical of the "Energiewende" as hasty decisions could lead to dirty outcomes. He proposes most of all taxing energy instead of labour.
Petro Prieto: But that would cause capital flight, energy should be taxed globally. Kummel: Yes but thats even more difficult.
Nate Hagens
Energy Slaves: It takes a human being 11 years to provide the same amount of energy contained in one barrel of oil. Energy is the largest driver of economic growth – more than technology.
A lot of consumption is due to status – the peacock-phenomenon. The problem with easy solutions (i.e. renewables, electric cars, etc.) are the externalities e.g. high water footprint of electric vehicles. The current economic activities make it difficult to satisfy important human needs: being social, empathy, … A lot of consumption is due to status – the peacock-phenomenon. We should work to consciously change that, which however is difficult – similarly to telling a teenage girl do dress ugly.
On pessimism vs. optimism he argues that the former is a kind of cowardice, as it often implies no action. He is pessimistic about our current economic system, but optimistic about what comes after. Less does not have to be bad. A systemic alliance is needed. We know if 10% understand this well the rest follows very quickly (critical mass). He used to be a Wall Street broker and earned lots of money, he now has spent most of it, owns a house in the countryside, spends a lot of time gardening and with his dogs …. is happy. It should not go unmentioned that this last presentation received by far the longest ovation of all.
Selected YouTube Links
- Nate Hagens
- Euan Mearns
- Arthur Berman
- Ugo Bardi
- Kjell Aleklett
- Helga Kromp-Kolb
- Reiner Kummel
- Jeremy Leggett
- Robert Hirsch
- Peter Droege
- Wolfgang Streicher
- Michael Klare
- Michael Cerveny
- Olivier Rech
- Alexander Pöegl
- Werner Zittel
- Pierre-René Bauquis
- Christoph Chorherr
- James Buckee
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text:
Jewish World Review Sept. 4, 2000 / 3 Elul, 5760
David Limbaugh
http://www.jewishworldreview.com -- AL GORE is telling George Bush to "put up or shut up" and begin dealing with the specifics of campaign issues. My fervent hope is that Bush doesn't permit Gore to become his campaign manager.
Besides, Gore's charge is inaccurate. Bush does have specific plans on most issues, which are readily accessible to voters, and Gore knows it. Reading between the lines, what Gore is really saying is: "Let's campaign on my turf. Let's do what I do best to make sure the public sees my strongest side and your weakest."
There is no reason for the Bush campaign to panic. Gore's recent surge in the polls was inevitable. He just came off a media-enhanced convention bounce during which he promised 2.3 trillion dollars worth of giveaways. He recently chose Joe Lieberman as his running mate, sending the media into a drooling frenzy over the prospect that he'd eliminated the ghost of Bill Clinton in one fell swoop. The economy is still booming. Plus, the media has quite conspiratorially slipped back into their Bush-bashing mode. By capitalizing on a few malapropisms, they're depicting Bush as a spastic stumblebum.
With all these things going his way, Gore should be on a serious roll right now -- but he's not. Despite these positive factors, Gore is barely tied in the popular vote and decisively trails in the projected electoral vote. He's the one who should be sweating.
Gore set the tone for his campaign when he decided to ignore his handlers and approach his convention acceptance speech, and the campaign itself, as a real-life game of "Trivial Pursuit," offering a specific solution for every conceivable problem. Nowhere is it decreed that Bush must follow suit.
Bush mustn't allow himself to be dragged into the murky milieu of minutiae. He must focus on a finite number of major themes, not to impersonate Ronald Reagan, but because it's what he believes in doing and what he does best.
How quickly we forget the predictions of Bush's doom preceding the Republican primaries. "He'll choke in the debates," said the naysayers. No matter how you score his debate performances, he acquitted himself well enough to go on to vanquish his formidable opponents in the primaries.
Gore is intent on showing he's the smartest guy in the room -- or the universe for that matter. Bush should let Gore continue to caricature himself as a mad scientist (see his book "Earth in the Balance") and the maniacal messiah of micromanagement, who offers a federal solution for all of society's ills, from AIDS to child poverty.
In fact, the more Gore reveals of himself, the better off Bush will be, for Gore's proclivity toward tinkering with every miniscule aspect of life extends to global proportions, literally. For example, Gerald Seib of the Wall Street Journal recently detailed Gore's approach to national security. Gore is trying to redefine national security to include a plethora of issues, not remotely related to protecting the United States, such as the overfishing of global waters, the spread of AIDS and the rise of genetically engineered crops.
What this would mean in practice is that Gore would address small problems abroad early and aggressively to ensure that they never mushroom into major problems. What would mushroom is our military deployments in the sovereign affairs of other nations. No benchmark philosophy, such as safeguarding our national interests, would govern which situations would warrant intervention. It would be an ad-hoc foreign policy of breathtaking proportions. Under this expansive notion of national security, Gore would call for intervention on the basis of "environmental, scientific and social problems that could destabilize the world."
Bush should encourage Gore to talk about those specifics. He should also, by contrast, continue to emphasize his belief that the president should not approach governing as if the United States were one gigantic math problem. The president will face issues he never anticipated and for which there is no canned response, no cue card, no carefully-crafted policy paper. In those cases, the president will need to summon his common sense, sound judgment, maturity and the wisdom of his brightest advisers.
If Gore isn't careful, he may get what he wishes for: public
awareness of his unlimited willingness to use the power of government to
usher in his disturbingly bizarre concept of
08/30/00: Lieberman and the paradox of liberal 'tolerance'


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Des Moines Hotel's Central Location Delivers Satisfaction
Poised right in the heart of the city in an up-and-coming renaissance neighborhood, the Holiday Inn Express® Hotel Des Moines at Drake University is revolutionizing the contemporary travel experience. Less than 1.5 miles from downtown and seconds from major businesses and attractions, this hotel is the smart choice for a productive stay in Des Moines.
The hotel's guests have no trouble accessing the vibrant campus of Drake University, which is within walking distance of the property. Major downtown businesses are just around the corner, as well.
Des Moines, Iowa and all it has to offer are at your disposal from this hotel's location. Distinguished from other Des Moines hotels near Drake University, this is the only hotel actually located on campus. Other attractions, including Adventureland Amusement Park and the Iowa State Fair, are just minutes away, and they're sure to make for a memorable vacation in Des Moines.
The hotel's location near Drake University, its friendly staff and the cutting-edge amenities ensure a positive experience. Guests can surf the Web using free wireless Internet access, and start each day off right at the complimentary, hot Express Start Breakfast Bar. Call to reserve your room today, and "Stay Smart" in Des Moines.
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Forms Jobs
If you encounter problems or hazards affecting cyclists and walkers, please report the problem by calling City Link at 311 or (336) 727-8000 or online at the City of Winston-Salem website (scroll down the Home Page to City Link) or by using the CityLink311 mobile app while you are out.
To request sidewalk repairs or new sidewalks, give the City Link operator the specific street location and the nearest cross streets.
To report vehicles parked on a sidewalk, ask City Link to connect you to the Police non-emergency desk so that an officer can investigate and possibly ticket the offender.
For debris, carts, and encroaching greenery on bike lanes and sidewalks, ask City Link to connect you to Code Enforcement. Be prepared to give the address or specific location. The City of Winston-Salem is working diligently to respond to these reports and correct problems.
A City Link mobile application, available for download to your mobile device, makes it easier than ever to report problems as you are using streets, sidewalks, and greenways. Please download the City Link App for your mobile device and use it to report maintenance and safety issues as you see them. More information is available on the City Link web page.
Safe Routes to School Program
Safe Routes to School
On July 25, 2000, the Winston-Salem Transit Authority (WSTA) Board approved the formation of a bicycle committee as a recognized task force under the guidance of the Transit Authority. Membership of the committee includes up to sixteen members representing citizens and city and county agencies. The committee was approved for a two-year period to develop a plan promoting bicycling safety, accessibility, and adequate on and off-road facilities for bicycle travel. The committee continued to meet after the two year period and in Spring of 2004 the committee appealed to WSTA Board and was approved to be moved under the jurisdiction of the Winston-Salem Urban Area Transportation Advisory Committee (TAC).
The Committee is comprised of members representing the following groups:
Goals of the Committee:
WS Greenways is a citizen advocacy group working to get more people onto the greenways found throughout Winston-Salem and Forsyth County. The organization is also dedicated to the improvement and expansion of the greenways of Winston-Salem and Forsyth County toward the goal of a network of trails connecting destinations for work, play, school, shopping and more. For more information, go to the WS Greenways website (opens in a new window).
BikeWalkNC, formerly the North Carolina Active Transportation Alliance (NCATA) is a membership-based, statewide advocacy organization promoting non-motorized transportation choices for residents of and visitors to NC. Our members include shop owners, cycling clubs, transportation professionals, local advocacy organizations, elected officials and various individual advocates across the state interested in promoting people-powered transportation. For more information, go to the BikeWalkNC website (opens in a new window).
The League of American Bicyclists (LAB) promotes bicycling for fun, fitness and transportation and works through advocacy and education for a bicycle-friendly America.
Founded as the League of American Wheelmen in 1880, when bicyclists were known as "wheelmen," the original League members were challenged by rutted roads of gravel and dirt and faced antagonism from horsemen, wagon drivers, and pedestrians.
In an effort to improve riding conditions so they might better enjoy their newly discovered sport, more than 100,000 cyclists from across the United States joined the League to advocate for paved roads. The success of the League in its first advocacy efforts ultimately led to our national highway system.
The League's current efforts focus on education programs, advocacy for legislation and funding, and the Bicycle Friendly designation programs to encourage cities, states, businesses, and universities to create a safer and friendlier environment for cyclists across the country. Learn more at the LAB website (opens in a new window).
On behalf of their 300,000 members and tens of millions of U.S. cyclists, America Bikes works to ensure an increased role for bicycling as a healthy means of everyday travel and recreation. They urge Congress to adopt legislation for complete streets, active transportation networks, and a fair share for safety. They also measure progress across the country in terms of cost effectiveness, clean air, energy independence, and job creation as well as safe, healthy, and effective transportation choices. Find out more about their role and how you can help at the America Bikes website (opens in a new window).
A nonprofit coalition of local and state citizens, this organization's goal is to work with individuals to transform their communities into great places to bike and walk. Learn more at the Alliance website (opens in a new window).
Rails-to-Trails Conservancy is a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., whose mission it is to create a nationwide network of trails from former rail lines and connecting corridors to build healthier places for healthier people. To find the trails and learn more about this advocacy group, go to the Rails to Trails website (opens in a new window).
The East Coast Greenway (opens in a new window) is a developing trail system, spanning nearly 3,000 miles as it winds its way between Canada and Key West, linking all the major cities of the eastern seaboard. Over 25 percent of the route is already on safe, traffic-free paths including some in our own home state of North Carolina.
The following links will open in a new window, the linked sites are not a part of the City of Winston-Salem.
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The old saying is that winning can go to your head, and winning the Nobel Prize is no different. Nobel winners earn a certain level of credibility and exposure that opens the door to more opportunities while allowing for stronger discretion. The rest of us only dream of this choosy luxury.
UC Berkeley's Randy Schekman won his Nobel Prize in Medicine this year for describing the transit happening within cells. It's important research that could become required background reading for the entire medical field. And since the new notoriety presents Schekman with an entirely unique spotlight, we're all waiting to learn what his next move is.
Initially, at least, Schekman appears ready to use his Nobel platform to talk about about how the top science journals are merely glamour rags that favor style over substance. Speaking to The Guardian this week, he said that leading academic journals represent a "tyranny" that must be broken and that his lab would no longer publish in the likes of Nature, Cell, and Science.
"I have published in the big brands, including papers that won me a Nobel prize. But no longer," Schekman wrote in the paper. "Just as Wall Street needs to break the hold of bonus culture, so science must break the tyranny of the luxury journals."
What? Remember—and he states as much—that Schekman's work in such journals is what helped his winning campaign. By dismissing the current landscape of scientific literature, he's essentially saying, "I've got mine, but I'll be damned if you get yours the way I did." Schekman has restricted his willingness to compete after winning.
Now, I don't think academic publishing is so terribly broken. Yes, I think peer review doesn't work very well, and I think post-publication peer review will help matters. I also believe that the paywalls around academic literature are far too high and unnecessarily restrict access to knowledge.
Current open access charges are far too high. The average European or American researcher might not blink at coughing up $1,500 to get published, but how have we leveled the playing field? Rich institutions can now afford to publish the crap that they once paid for the privilege of reading. In the end, we're still paying too much.
It doesn't help that the open access scene is a bit of a Wild West. It can be quite challenging to figure out which journals are actually genuine and which are just looking to make a buck from you. So, no—open access by itself is not some panacea.
But every time someone writes about the poor quality of papers in Science, Nature, or any other top-flight journal, what they seem to forget is that this is the chaff. Yes, Science published the Arsenic life paper. But you know what? The first Bose Einstein Condensate was in Nature. Is the impact of that work somehow lessened by being in Nature than it would be if it were in Physical Review Letters? Of course not.
Yes, the high-impact journals publish a lot of stuff that seems to lack substance. But the more specialist journals seem to publish a lot of rubbish, too. Maybe not so many overwrought claims of stunning importance, but there are plenty of statements of the bleeding obvious. Yes, if you find the right journal, you too can publish the finding that water is wet as original science. Frankly, I'd rather have the advertising.
The problem here runs deeper than the publishing industry and its unholy coupling to the business of doing science. It comes down to our definitions of science and scientific output. For instance, if I take the laws of physics and calculate the behavior of a light wave in some new material, that counts as science. But it's really just a calculation. If I measure the behavior of light in the material and find that it agrees with the calculation, that counts as science. But it's actually just finding that the laws of nature are still true.
The reason for doing these two things usually turn out to be good, and the experiments and calculations are useful. But the findings aren't exactly startling stuff. This is the mundane nature of much of science. It has to be done, it has a good and useful purpose—but it's not the science that we envision when we're at school. Yet due to the way in which scientific output is measured, each and every one of those calculations and measurements has to be published. This means that we need to have a large number of publishing venues, and since counting publications isn't enough, they have to be ranked. Therein lies the problem.
Boycotting a journal or a system is not going to help. As long as we try and reduce the sum total of scientific performance to a few numbers, the system will be gamed, and everyone will try to optimize it. It's unavoidable. It's a systematic bubble that will take time, energy, and thought to improve. Until then, it's tough for a researcher to escape it.
That is, unless, you win a gold medal and refuse to optimize afterward.
Editor's note: Randy Schekman also happens to be the editor of a journal himself, so his advocacy should probably come with a "competing interests" disclosure.


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Cote Calls Cyber Security 'A New Kind of Warfare'
Honeywell CEO and Chairman David M. Cote says the world is looking at cyber security backward because "nobody's getting physically hurt." He says nations need to form treaties to deal with the what he calls "a new kind of warfare."
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
I ... cybersecurity ... the concern of yours ... yes ... I would say were to rank on the list of concerns ... when it comes to this stuff that I don't think I can control ... where I could really get that no matter how hard I think about it for work on it ... that's the one that scares me well ... that worries me more then ... and what he think should be done about ... well I'd like one of the Duke of somebody like them to put him in jail ... when it comes to the U P have you ever did get on with the can to ... I think it's one of those things that ... you shouldn't give up ... somebody who love ... will say robs the store ... and that hurts one person with what ends up happening when something does this about hacking incidents it affects thousands millions of people it's ... I do think we're looking at it backwards just as nobody was physically hurt ... I think it's wrong to weave we need harsher sentences for people who are caught ... when comes to state sponsored stuff ... countries need to develop treaties ... and they're out of the trees about what the law will what's not ... to me to get to those kinds of agreements because this is though a whole new kind of ... warfare that they need to start establishing rules