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- More accurate word counts for submitted stories and especially for Asian languages such as Chinese, Japanese, and Thai. We will be re-calculating the word counts for all stories retroactively. Please note that word count is at best an estimate since in some languages, a word is only defined while in context and cannot be easily calculated by a computer.
- Document shelf-life has been extended to 90 days from previous 60 days limit.
A quick look back at the inception and history of our Document Manager. When we first started, you can directly edit a story or chapter content live minus the document stage. So what happened?
After several years of monitoring and a lot of feedback we discovered this live-editing method introduced a very high rate of errors and often catastrophic human ones. As result of the findings, the Document Manager was born.
One can think of Documents as manuscripts or drafts and the Document Manager as the editing room holding all your drafts. We decided it was important to hammer the following points home to authors:
- Never perform live content edits to your published story. Just like you don't edit a published book on the shelf but rather a manuscript or draft. The same principle applies here to help separate the process of "Editing" and "Publishing" which is often confused now-a-days due to the popularity of online blog type systems. Your stories are more important than blogs and you should treat them as such.
- Preview, Review and Edit before Publishing. In the old days, you can publish a file from your hard drive straight to a new live story and due to this missing self-review process, tons of human errors were made.
Document Manager vastly reduces the human error factor in the editing and publishing process and helps to introduce the idea to writers that editing is a distinct and important process separate from the publishing stage.
Tip: You can use the export to document (exp) feature to perform edits on your existing story chapter if you do not already have it in your doc manager.


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I love my work! It's the politics that wear me down
In my earliest office job as a very young person, I marveled at the investment of time and energy some of my co-workers put into the care and feeding of office drama.
"I can't understand it," I said to my roommate, a graduate student who played clarinet. "We sit in an open bullpen in the office, forty of us, all women." (Office partitions hadn't been invented back then.) "These girls sit at the desks behind me and in front of me and I swear, ALL of their conversation is about some girl in Accounting they think wears slutty clothes or who's talking to whom this week and who isn't.
It's a constant chatter that never stops throughout the day. It's like a whole separate world of palace intrigue, except that instead of a palace, it's the basement of a brokerage firm. Sometimes it feels as though the work on our desks is just a backdrop for the real production, which could be called Days of Our Office Lives." Read more…

subset: commoncrawl


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Vine Floral Boutis Tablecloth
- Only at Williams Sonoma
Select Size: 70" X 90"
Select Color:
- Exclusive
Easy, hassle-free returns online and in-store for eligible items.Learn More
Earn 5% Back in rewards4 plus free standard shipping3every day when you shop with your Williams Sonoma credit card at Williams Sonoma.Apply Now Learn More
- Summary
A delicate, intricately stitched flowering vine winds across our cotton tablecloth, which is quilted in the French style of boutis, an artistic form of needlework dating back several centuries. The floral design lays a beautiful foundation for casual meals, and pairs well with modern and traditional serveware.
- 100% easy-care cotton.
- Stitched floral pattern adds stunning texture.
- Machine-wash.
- Dimensions & More Info
- 70" diam., 70" x 90" or 70" x 108".
- Made in India.
- Use & Care
- Machine-wash with like colors.
- Only non-chlorine bleach as needed.
- Tumble dry.
- Warm iron as needed.
- Shipping
Shipping Information
UPS can deliver most in-stock items within 3–5 business days. UPS is unable to deliver to P.O. boxes.
Shipping Rates
The shipping rate varies depending on your order total and shipping destination. View Shipping Options and Charges.
Next Day Delivery
For an additional charge of $26 per address, we can expedite delivery to most destinations. This service is not available for some oversize items, items shipped directly from the supplier (including perishable and custom-manufactured items), out-of-stock items and items to be shipped outside the contiguous 48 states.
Orders received by 9:00 p.m. ET Monday through Thursday will arrive the next business day; orders placed Friday through Sunday will arrive on the following Tuesday.
Return Policy
At Williams Sonoma, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. Attention to design, materials, safety and construction are our priority. Upon receipt, please inspect your purchase and notify us of any damage; we will arrange for a prompt replacement.
If within 30 days, you are dissatisfied for any reason, you may return your purchase for a refund of the merchandise value. An original receipt or gift receipt is required for all returns and exchanges. Returns with a gift receipt will be refunded in the form of a Merchandise Credit for the amount indicated on the gift receipt. Returns with original receipt will be refunded in the original form of payment, cash and check refunds over $100 will be issued as a company check (may take 14 business days from time of request).
For all cutlery returns (knife sets, single knives, cutting boards, knife sharpeners and knife storage), please contact us at 888.922.4108 to initiate the return.
We cannot accept returns on monogrammed, personalized, special-order items, custom upholstery, food, items shipped direct from the vendor or on items damaged through normal wear and tear. Final sale items ending in .97 or .99 cannot be returned.
Made to Order and Final Sale Furniture items are non-returnable and cannot be cancelled once the order is placed.
For returns of items purchased from your Williams Sonoma Gift Registry, we will gladly provide a refund or exchange for the merchandise within 90 days of your event or within 90 days of purchase, whichever date is later. View Full Returns Policy.
Pairs Well With
Vine Floral Boutis Napkins
Select: Single
Select Color:
- Exclusive
Table Pads
Table Pad
Select Size:
- Exclusive
Rated 5 out of 5 by Carolyn from always perfection I have been buying this item for years, different tables, colors etc. Would love it for oval table but the rectangle works well enough! Always looks great ideal for our need to wash and wear life!Date published: 2019-02-03Rated 5 out of 5 by dishqueen from LOVE IT! I purchased the yellow tablecloth and I love it! It has a nice hand and thickness. It looked gorgeous in my dining room.Date published: 2018-02-25Rated 2 out of 5 by 46385 from Rather Disappointed I have owned several of these table cloths over the years. I like them because I don't have to use a "hot pad" on the table with a warm plate. However, the quality has been going steadly down and the price has been steadly rising. The patterns and edging used to be much nicer. The material and padding are not as thick as they used to be. Shame the price does not match quality of the product.Date published: 2013-09-06Rated 5 out of 5 by EVSY from Just what I was looking for I needed a tablecloth to complement my cobalt blue and white dinnerware, and this is perfect! It also looks great with my Italian majolica plates. I can always count on Williams-Sonoma to provide me with products of excellent taste and quality.Date published: 2013-07-15Rated 5 out of 5 by KatieAnne from Absolutely Beautiful!!! I just loooove this tablecloth- I bought it in yellow which is a beautiful rich color of yellow, design is gorgeous and quality excellent. I liked it so much that I also bought the matching table runner, placemats and napkins!Date published: 2013-03-30Rated 4 out of 5 by shopper77 from not enough boutis! Bought this tablecloth for my mom after one we bought from WS more than 7 years ago finally wore out. I gave 4 stars only because this one is stiffer, but I thought the quality of the workmanship was good. do wish WS would get more of these into stock, discrete patterns and more colors; also a 60 inch would be nicer as not too many people have large round tables and 70* makes a skirt go almost to the floor on a table one might have in an apartment or condo.Date published: 2013-03-20Rated 1 out of 5 by CustomerForever from Poor substitute for original Own couple of "boutis" tablecloths from William Sonoma. One I just received was very poor quality with cotton fibers coming out of stitches and many strings with loose stitches. Also, square corners not as attractive. Very dissapointed in quality!Date published: 2013-01-24


text: About AramarkAramark (NYSE: ARMK) proudly serves Fortune 500 companies, world champion sports teams, state-of-the-art healthcare providers, the world's leading educational institutions, iconic destinations and cultural attractions, and numerous municipalities in 19 countries around the world. Our 270,000 team members deliver experiences that enrich and nourish millions of lives every day through innovative services in food, facilities management and uniforms. We operate our business with social responsibility, focusing on initiatives that support our diverse workforce, advance consumer health and wellness, protect our environment, and strengthen our communities. Aramark is recognized as one of the World's Most Admired Companies by FORTUNE, as well as an employer of choice by the Human Rights Campaign and DiversityInc. Learn more at or connect with us on Facebook and Twitter. Position SummaryThe Student – Catering Service Worker is responsible for event set-up, transporting equipment and food to the event location, serving guests during the event, and breaking down/cleaning up after the event. The Student – Catering Service Worker must be a student at the Aramark location. Essential functions and responsibilites of the position may vary by Aramark location based on client requirments and business needs. Essential FunctionsSet up of catering service according to client/customer requests and banquet event ordersServes food and beverage to guestsMaintains appearance and cleanliness of food service areas during eventReplenishes food and beverage product during eventBreaks down and cleans food service areas and equipment post event; returns equipment to proper storage areaProvides excellent customer service, anticipating guests' needsMaintains a positive attitude towards guests, customers, clients, co-workers, etc.Adheres to Aramark safety policies and procedures including proper food safety and sanitationEnsures security of company assetsOther duties and tasks as assigned by manager Previous experience as a server or in food service role preferredDemonstrates excellent customer service skillsDemonstrates excellent communication and interpersonal skills, both written and verbalWorking knowledge of food safety principles and proceduresMust be able to obtain a food safety certificationRequires constant standing and walkingRequires frequent lifting of up to 25 lbs.Requires occasional lifting of up to 50 lbs.Must be available to work flexible hours including evenings and weekends


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Top outdoor sports for kids
Kids can enjoy outdoor sports as much as adults. Take a look at some outdoor sports your kids might enjoy:
Running and walking
Kids can have fun going for a walk or a run on nearby trails with the whole family. Running or walking is a great cardiovascular exercise for kids and it allows them to enjoy some time outside and even take a closer look at nature.
Baseball and softball
Baseball and softball are convenient outdoor sports for kids to play. Fields are located in most U.S. neighborhoods and many teams are available for kids to join. Baseball and softball can help kids improve their hand and eye coordination, physical strength and balance, according to Parents.com. It also helps the kids socialize and learn teamwork.
Soccer is a popular sport among kids as young as just a few years old through teenagers. Parents.com lists some of the benefits of soccer as: cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, coordination, discipline, teamwork and balance.
Bicycling is a great outdoor sport for kids of all ages. It can be a lot of fun and also a great exercise for kids and families to do together. Some of the benefits include leg strength, cardiovascular fitness and balance.
Inline skating
Inline skating is a fun outdoor sport kids will enjoy. Kids can start inline skating at a young age. Parents are reminded to make sure their kids wear the proper safety equipment while inline skating. Inline skating allows kids to learn balance and coordination while getting in a good cardiovascular workout.


text: Jimi Hendrix was one of the greatest guitar players of all time—something that still rings true today. Forty-two years ago, he was tragically found dead at the age of 27. In honor of the late rock star, here's a video of him tearing up the classic "Purple Haze" at Woodstock. His unforgettable performance happened a little more than a year before his untimely demise, and it remains the stuff of legends.


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Student or Learner
Please correct if it is not
As per your instruction, we have been giving $1000/- to John per month for his medical treatment. He was admitted in the hospital for treatment now been discharged from the hospital. You asked me how he confirms you about the receipt of money. I phone him once in a month mostly call is made after the making of payment to confirm whether the payment is received by him or not.
Last edited by Rover_KE; 07-Nov-2012 at 15:35.
I'd change $1000/- to $1,000.


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The Scout Programs of Adventure Scouts USA operate on the basis of respect for all. This respect extends to our Scouts' opinions.
Expressing Themselves
Our Scouts get many opportunities to express themselves from the Best of America portion of the team meetings to discussion around a campfire. We instill creative and critical thinking in our Scouts and therefore encourage them to think about and explore topics which are of interest to them. We do not however permit the advocacy the promotion of any ideals or policies other than those of Adventure Scouts USA, and discussions are not intended to be platforms for debate. We do feature debate as an activity during appropriate times and places.
Controversial or Personal Topics
Occasionally our Scouts will bring up topics which might be controversial or personal to them. We do not censor our Scouts, as long as the discussion is time, place, and manner appropriate. The right of the individual to speak and the rights of the other Scouts to not engage in a discussion they do not want to engage in must be balanced. We achieve this balance through respect. So long as a discussion is civil and the Scouts are enthusiastic, the discussion may continue. However, once a Scout or Scouts have expressed a wish to not hear any more on a topic, that is the end of it. To continue to speak to someone on a topic they do not wish to discuss borders on force and verbal abuse. We instill in our Scouts respect for themselves, each other, their Team Counselors, Counselors, and others. Many disagreements are easily prevented by remembering to be respectful to all concerned.
Private Conversations
If a Scout wants to have a private discussion with a Team Counselor or Counselor, they may do so while remaining in sight of the rest of the team. By using basic decency, respect, and common sense, we allow our Scouts their freedom while respecting that of others.
Scout Opinions
Occasionally a Scout may express an opinion that the Team Counselor or Counselor disagrees with. All Team Counselors and Counselors must respect our Scouts' point of view and the point of view that was instilled by their parents. "I respect that is your opinion and/or the opinion of your parents. Some people feel that way; some people do not" is the appropriate response.


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It seems like sorting Persian strings stored in a MySQL database is a common problem to many people who develop web-based database applications that support Persian. I've been asked about this problem numerous times, and I've decided to write an article about the issue, and present my own solution to it as well.
The problem
Speaking in plain, non-technical words, MySQL versions up to 4.0.x don't support Unicode, so any language (Persian included) which needs to use a Unicode encoding system (such as UTF-8) is not supported. If you're curious about more technical details, read on; otherwise, feel free to skip the next paragraph.
MySQL versions up to the 4.0.x series do not have support for Unicode strings. All of its support for multilingual data is by use of code-page based encoding systems. Unfortunately, Persian is not among the languages it supports. If Persian used a fixed-length encoding system, then it was possible to write a special collation algorithm and feed it to MySQL for proper sorting of Persian strings, but MySQL 4.0.x doesn't support variable length encoding systems, and since in UTF-8 (the standard encoding system for Persian) the length of UTF-8 characters varies between 1 and 4 bytes, there is no way to add support for Persian collation (and other string manipulation features) in MySQL 4.0.x, unless you wouldn't mind reading and patching a huge database source code that has no built-in support for Unicode.
Later MySQL versions
The Unicode Consortium defines a global collation algorithm which is able to sort all languages in the Unicode coding system (practically, all languages spoken on the Earth). MySQL 4.1.x and 5.x are more Unicode compliant, and support UTF-8 internally, so the problem should not happen in those versions. There was a team working on Persian support of MySQL 4.1.x and 5.x at Research Center of Informatic Industries. They once invited me to join their team, but that didn't work out. I have not followed the results of their efforts yet, but you might find more information on www.rcii-ir.org. Anyway, Support for Persian collation has been added to MySQL since version 4.1 by Jody McIntyre, so my solution may only be needed for those who are still stuck with older MySQL versions (or work in other environment in which support for Persian sorting is not implemented).
The solution
There is a way to store and use your UTF-8 encoded data in MySQL right now. You have to convince MySQL that you're feeding it ASCII data, and then delay all your string processing (including sorting) until you extract them from the database. That means that you're going to need support for UTF-8 in the language you're using to access MySQL.
Many people use the PHP language to access MySQL over the web. I personally do all my web development in PHP, and I've written a number of support routines in PHP for sorting the strings read from the database at the PHP side. I've released the code under the GPL v2 license, and you can download it here.
Using this code couldn't be any simpler! The code assumes that you've read the data into an array, which has the column names as keys, and data as values. This is the format returned by the mysql_fetch_assoc( ) function in PHP. After including the db_sort.php file inside your PHP script, you should call the mysql_persian_sort( ) function, which takes two parameters. The first one is the name of the array containing the data read from the database, and the second one is a string which contains the name of the column to sort on. For example, if you have a table in MySQL named contacts, with a last_name field, and you want to sort the data fetched using mysql_fetch_assoc( ) into the $rows array according to that field, it's enough to write the following:
mysql_persian_sort( $rows, 'last_name' );
This article originally appeared on BeginThread.com. It's been republished here, and may contain modifications from the original article.


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2009 Polaris Ranger RZR S - Southwestern Utah
Exploring With The RZR S
Our RZR S was upgraded in our last installment with winch, prerunner guard, and Swamp Lite tires on Polaris/OMF beadlock wheels. These upgrades made solo backcountry exploring less stressful. I had mentioned that the OE Maxxis Big Horn tires on the RZR S worked well on the rocks but allowed the RZR S to drift at high speed. Because of this, I changed to the Swamp Lites. We've found that the RZR S, even with the Swamp Lite tires and their aggressive lugs, still drifts at high speed, so it wasn't the tires after all. I suspect the drift is caused by the RZR S's light weight and short wheelbase. I'm used to it now and have no issues.
The bias-ply Swamp Lite tires work great in mud and loamy, loose dirt. The bias construction of the tires is strong and the tires are less prone to flats in the outback. They're heavier and don't roll as easily as radials do, so the RZR S lost about 8 mph from its top speed with the Swamp Lites installed. I now switch tires depending on the type of 'wheeling planned. The Big Horn tires are awesome in deep sand, rocks, and running fast. The Swamp Lites get the nod when the trails get muddy.
With the Big Horn radials back on the RZR S, I headed east of Mount Carmel Junction in Southwestern Utah. A friend wanted to show me two beautiful slot canyons there. The Virgin River was too deep to ford, so my friend procured permission from a private landowner to cross his land and bypass the ford. We wound around narrow trails through pretty scenery until I hit a deadfall and a branch went into my leg. After picking the wood (not splinters - wood) out of the punctures, we continued.
Once through the private property, we dropped into a wide, sandy wash and had some high-speed fun. The RZR S's 12 inches of travel soaked up the bumps and we easily sped 45 to 55 mph up the wash. Once we arrived at the slickrock canyon, that same 12 inches of travel allowed the Polaris to articulate over rocks as no OE UTV has before.
The canyons (there are two) are beautiful. They're quite narrow in places and require some climbing, but reward the explorer with stunning colors that change with the time of day.
Once again, the Polaris Ranger RZR S proves that it's a very competent and fun vehicle for backcountry exploring.
Please excuse the photo quality. I took my daughter's point-and-shoot on this trip so the Nikon wouldn't get full of dirt. The point-and-shoot is fully automatic, so there was no way to set aperture and shutter to capture the nuances of light and shadow in the slot canyons. You can get the idea of how they look, though.


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text:
Concerned Citizens Team Up to Make 1 Million Meals for Children
It was an inspirational sight today in Naperville as thousands of people gathered to make one million meals for children who are hungry. NBC 5's Regina Waldroup has the details.
(Published Sunday, Feb 18, 2018)
All of the meals packed by FMSC and FMSC MobilePacks, such as Feed the Need! are distributed around the world through Food Distribution Partners. The meals packed at the 2017 MobilePack were distributed as follows:
816,480 meals went to Nicaragua through Food for the Poor. In Nicaragua specifically, Food for the Poor provides medical care through several clinics, they sponsor 22 orphanages and they also build housing units. Find out more information at: foodforthepoor.org
186,624 meals went to Haiti through Love A Child. Find out more information at: loveachild.com
Enter the raffle for a chance to win a new car!


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Two and a half hours drive south-east of Brisbane, discover Queensland's premier wine region in the Granite Belt - where they've been making boutique wine since the 1870s in the cooler microclimate temperatures.
Centered on the town of Stanthorpe, which sits 700 to 1200 metres above sea level, holds the status of some of the highest altitude wines in Australia. It's known to even snow occasionally in winter.
Meet the families who've lived here for generations and sample their hand-picked white varieties of verdelho, semillon, chardonnay and sauvignon blanc. Red lovers may choose instead to swirl classic full flavoured varieties like shiraz, merlot and cabernet sauvignon. If you don't feel like driving you could cycle, hire a chauffeur or join a tour for the day.
Lush seasonal fruit and vegetables thrive in the granite soil, making the region also renowned for its gourmet produce. Purchase stone fruit, apples, figs, olives and berries from roadside carts and create the perfect decadent cheese platter of locally cured meats and warm artisan bread washed down with an apple cider.
Pair your food and wine on the Strange Bird alternative wine trail with different blends like viognier, mourvedre, gewürztraminer and tempranillo. Foodies can also join a cooking school or stone preservation class and impress your friends at your next dinner party.
Note: Information on listed products and services are provided by the operator and were correct at the time of publishing. Rates are indicative based on the minimum and maximum available prices of products and services. Please visit the operator's website for further information. All prices quoted are in Australian dollars (AUD).


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MasterCard has always been known for bringing priceless experiences to cardholders around the world and now it is introducing its newest Priceless City, Priceless Los Angeles, by hosting an exclusive private concert for MasterCard cardholders featuring GRAMMY Award-winning band Bon Jovi through their partnership with The Recording Academy. The GRAMMY® Award-winning Bon Jovi will kick off MasterCard's Priceless Los Angeles at Annual GRAMMY Artists Revealed® Concert.
Want to take part in this priceless experience and see Bon Jovi up close in Hollywood? Splash Magazines Worldwide is offering two lucky winners the chance to attend the exclusive concert that will take place on December 1st. To enter – share with us your priceless music moment (below or via our Twitter handle @SplashMagWW) and "like" MasterCard's Facebook page. Winners will be announced via their twitter handle or email that is listed below by Sunday, November 25th, 2012, so stay tuned to see if you were one of my lucky winners.
If you aren't one of my lucky winners, you can still enter to win tickets to the show – go to https://www.priceless.com/lagrammy for more chances to win.
If you thought this was a priceless offer, be sure to check out www.priceless.com/la starting in December, to find out more about the priceless experiences MasterCard will be bringing Angelenos through Priceless L.A.
Starting Nov. 14, through Nov. 21, MasterCard is giving away 1,000 pairs of tickets to the concert. Cardholders are invited to sign up on https://la.priceless.com/ for the chance to receive two complimentary tickets to the show on Dec.1, at Paramount Studios as well as a link to access the live stream of the event. Winners will be announced every Wednesday on the web site.
Los Angeles joins New York and Chicago as the third city in the United States to roll out a Priceless Cities platform. The program brings Angelenos closer to their passions – dining, sports, shopping, arts and entertainment, and travel – through exclusive experiences and privileged access throughout the Los Angeles area.
Winners will receive two tickets to December 1st, 2012 Bon Jovi Concert. Valid entries only and winners will be chosen randomly. The contest winners are responsible for their own transportation to and from the event.


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UV Filters Shootout Test by Spectrophotometer
Just in case if you're interested:-
The Spectrophotometer, i.e., light spectrum analyser:-
A typical result:-
Btw, they also tested the flare introduced by the filters by taking real photos, with and without the filters side-by-side and the result pictures are posted, like this:-
Last but not least, the visible light transmission rate, UV light blocking rate and vignetting were also measured in the test. An overall mark is then given for all the measurements and field tests carried out. You could also read the final conclusion for each filter in each test and could compare different filters further. A good comprehensive set of tests, professionally done, highly recommended!
Besides, it seems that the Hoya regular HMC filters are still the best deal out there, with consistent good overall performance and lower prices. However, I've noticed that many users have been confusing about the notations and actually difference of UV(0), UV(N) and UV(C) (amongst which the (N) and (C) filters were not tested above) used by Hoya, the chain of Q&A emails in this forum post may clear things up!
UV Protector Measurbation and Shootout (14 Make/Models Compared)


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The Städel Museum in Frankfurt, also known as the Städel Institute of Art and Municipal Gallery, is one of the leading art museums in Germany. It was founded in 1816 by the great patron of the arts from Frankfurt Johann Friedrich Städel and the collection has been housed in its current location since 1878. The Städel Museum is one of the main attractions along Frankfurt's 'museum embankment'. The breadth and wealth of museums and galleries overlooking the banks of the Main here are unique in Germany.
With over 2,900 paintings and around 100,000 drawings and prints, the collection gives a comprehensive insight into more than 700 years of European art history – from the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the baroque era and Classical Modernism right through to the present day. Among the highlights are works by Lucas Cranach, Albrecht Dürer, Sandro Botticelli, Rembrandt, Jan Vermeer, Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Max Beckmann. The collection also includes works by prominent post-1945 artists such as Francis Bacon, Georg Baselitz, Jörg Immendorff, Martin Kippenberger, Anselm Kiefer, Gerhard Richter and Sigmar Polke. Worthy of special mention are Andy Warhol's screen-print series 'Goethe', a donation by the artist to the Städel Museum, and 'Goethe in the Campagna' by Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein. Since 1976 the fascinating sculpture garden has displayed mainly contemporary works, including pieces by Joseph Beuys, Ulrich Rückriem, Richard Serra, Anthony Caro, George Rickey and David Smith.
Upcoming dates:
23.10.2019 - 16.02.2020
13.11.2019 - 06.02.2020
Städel Museum
Dürerstraße 2
60596 Frankfurt am Main
All information on prices, dates and opening times are subject to change without notice.


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The first piece of paper as we know it was produced from rags in AD 105 by Ts'ai Luin, who was part of the Eastern Han Court of the Chinese Emperor Ho Ti.
Paper is made from cellulose fibre, the source of which can be pulped wood, or a variety of other materials such as rags, cotton, grasses, sugar cane, straw, waste paper, or even elephant dung! In this country, wood pulp is the most common source material for the manufacture of virgin paper, i.e. paper which has no recycled content.
In 2004 recycled paper and board provided about 74% of the source materials for the 6.2million tonnes of paper manufactured in the UK's 76 paper and board mills. A further 7.7 million tonnes were imported.
There are different sources of waste fibre used as a source material for manufacturing recycled paper.
Mill Broke is "waste" paper which has never been used, either printers' off cuts or rolls damaged during production. When mixed with water the fibres are freed into pulp. The National Association of Paper Manufacturers does not recognise a paper as recycled if it contains more than 25% mill broke and/or virgin wood pulp.
The recycling of paper which has been printed on and used is known as "post-consumer waste". It is more problematic, (see de-inking below), but it is still worthwhile. Paper cannot be recycled indefinitely, it can only be recycled 4-6 times, as the fibres get shorter and weaker each time. Some virgin pulp must be introduced into the process to maintain the strength and quality of the fibre, so no matter how much we recycle we will never eradicate the need for virgin fibre.
In 2003/04, paper and card accounted for almost a third of all household waste collected for recycling, with almost 1.3 million tonnes being collected in England. This means, however, that there is still a considerable amount that isn't recycled and is largely going to landfill or incineration.
Although the raw material for making paper is predominantly trees, it is a common misconception that recycling waste paper saves trees. Trees are grown for commercial use and harvested as a long term crop with new trees planted to replace those cut down. In addition, papermakers are able to use the parts of the trees that cannot be used in other industries such as construction and furniture making. Different species of trees provide fibres that are used in different types of paper. Coniferous softwoods such as spruce, pine birch and cedar produce fibres which are long (average fibre length is 3mm) and are used to make papers which have a lot of strength. Hardwoods such as birch and aspen do not grow as fast as softwoods and produce short fibres (average fibre length 1mm) which are used for bulky papers such as writing paper and fluting, which is the middle part of cardboard. Nearly all paper is made from wood grown in these "sustainable" forests. The more important environmental issues are:
The nature of forests and where they are situated. As the demand for paper has increased, more timber has been needed to meet the demand for wood pulp. In some cases this has meant the loss of valuable wildlife habitats and ecosystems, as old forests have been replaced by managed plantations, usually of fast-growing conifers. The lack of tree species diversity in managed forests has a direct impact on the biodiversity of the whole forest.
By using waste paper to produce new paper disposal problems are reduced.
Source: Analysis of household waste composition and factors driving waste increases - Dr. J. Parfitt, WRAP, December 2002
If you have junk mail, windowed envelopes, or Yellow Pages then please contact you local authority. These materials can be more awkward to recycle, and the availability of recycling facilities varies around the country.
There are also different grades of paper and board collected mainly from agricultural and industrial sources. There are actually about 50 different grades for paper recycling companies to grapple with! You can find details of the other grades here on this website: www.letsrecycle.com/materials/paper/specifications.jsp
If your council doesn't pick up paper for recycling via a kerbside scheme, they may have some collection points for newspaper, magazines and telephone directories. For example, there may be paper banks at shopping centres and at civic amenity sites. Go to http://www.recyclenow.com/. This website allows you to obtain a list of the nearest recycling banks to you. All you have to do is enter your postcode to find your nearest recycling banks!
The Yellow Pages Directory Recycling Scheme offers a freephone recycling helpline - 0800 671 444 - which provides advice on where and how to recycle old Yellow Pages directories. Opportunities to recycle the old Yellow Pages range from kerbside schemes and recycling banks at local supermarkets and bring sites, to schools recycling initiatives as part of the Yellow Woods Challenge - http://www.yellow-woods.co.uk/. Please see the further information further information section for further details.
If you do not have a kerbside collection, or local drop off scheme, then make your visits to collection points as you are passing - don't make a special journey in the car to take any materials for recycling - you could be using more energy and causing more atmospheric pollution than you are saving!
There are many waste paper merchants and national paper collection companies which will collect a quantity of paper for recycling. In the first instance contact whoever is already dealing with your normal waste, as many waste management companies now also provide recycling services. Alternatively, a quick scan through the local business directory should provide some numbers for recycling collectors.
Cartons are not made from paper alone but comprise of about 75% paper, 20% plastic (polyethylene) and 5% aluminium foil. As they are an amalgam of materials, they cannot be recycled along with ordinary paper. They can be reprocessed into other items or incinerated to produce energy, or landfilled. There are very few collection points for the reprocessing of such cartons in this country, although a reprocessing plant was recently constructed in Scotland. Contact The Alliance for Beverage Cartons and the Environment for further details.
The future of recycling ultimately depends on there being a market for the materials collected. Recycling is not just collecting materials and taking them to the recycling bank, it is about "closing the loop" and buying recycled too. Paper mills cannot continue to produce recycled paper if people do not buy items made from it.
Most supermarkets and high street stationers now sell a range of recycled products, such as writing paper, notebooks, file paper, diaries with recycled paper content, calendars, paper tablecloths and napkins, tissues, toilet rolls, kitchen paper and other items. If you cannot see the product you want and you think it could be available made from recycled materials, ask if the shop intends to stock such things in the future - if a lot of people ask, it may encourage the shop to add to its recycled range. The retailer needs to have an incentive to stock the products.
Some charities also sell recycled products such as greetings cards and stationery through their mail order catalogues. Contact the ones you would be interested in supporting and ask if they have a catalogue.
Many printers and office stationery suppliers now use or sell recycled paper. You could ask your usual supplier to make it available, or look in the Yellow Pages for local suppliers.
WRAP produces the Recycled Products Guide which lists recycled products available in this country. Visit the site at http://www.recycledproducts.org.uk/ or call WRAP on 08080 1002040 for further details.
Sometimes the ink is not removed from the paper when it is reprocessed. The ink is dispersed into the pulp, discolouring it slightly, which is why recycled paper can have a greyish tinge. If the paper is to be de-inked, this can be done in one of two ways, by washing or flotation.
Washing - As the paper is pulped, chemicals can be added which separate the ink from the paper and allow it to be washed away in the large amounts of water used. (The water can then be cleaned and re-used.)
Flotation - Air can be passed through the pulp, producing foam which will hold at least half of the ink and can be skimmed off.
Sometimes the pulp is also bleached; hydrogen peroxide and chlorine are commonly used bleaches, though the former is the more acceptable as it breaks down into water and oxygen on disposal. Chlorine can combine with organic matter under certain conditions to produce organo carbons, including dioxins, which are toxic pollutants.
Although the de-inking process uses water and chemicals, it is still less harmful to the environment than the manufacturing process of new paper.
If you are buying paper in bulk for an office or business, it is worth looking for a supplier who can tell you what the recycled fibre content is, and whether it has been bleached using chlorine, as this is best avoided.
At present there are no laws directly targeting paper recycling. Paper, as a biodegradable material, is covered by the landfill directive, so there are targets for municipal waste as a whole, of which paper is a part.
The Household Waste Recycling Act 2003 states that every household (unless uneconomic, or alternatives are already in place) must have a kerbside collection of at least two materials by 2010. As paper is a relatively easy material to collect recycle it is likely that any new kerbside schemes introduced will include paper as one of the materials.
Please see our information sheet for further detail on waste based legislation


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What is a New York Digital Subscription? What do I get when I subscribe?
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How much does it cost?
A digital subscription to New York costs $5 a month, and will automatically renew every 30 days until you cancel your subscription. Your first 30 days are free, and you can cancel at any time.
Ready to subscribe? Visit nymag.com/subscribe.
I already subscribe to New York magazine. Do I have free digital access?
Yes, all subscribers receiving New York in print are entitled to full digital access on nymag.com.
To begin your digital access, visit nymag.com/account and locate your existing account by submitting your home delivery address or account number. Your account number is located on the mailing label of your print issue of the magazine. On the bottom right hand corner of the label is a 16 digit string, and your account number is the last 10 digits minus the very last digit.
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What is the cancellation and refund policy? How can I cancel my subscription?
You can cancel your subscription anytime at nymag.com under the "My Account" page. Select the "Cancel my subscription" prompt on the left hand navigation bar and continue.
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Proud Troy-Bilt Owners
Actual Troy-Bilt customers share their thoughts, gardening tips, and views on Troy-Bilt products. Read more about our proud Troy-Bilt owners.
"It's a hobby that has gotten a bit out of control" -- Donna
Donna began gardening with her son. When he was a teenager, he wanted to find a way to make enough money to buy a car. In researching home businesses, they decided to create a cut flower business. It was the perfect fit for them, as he'd be his own boss, and they'd get to spend time together. Her son is now grown, and she is still tending the gardens. Although they gave up the business, her son did get his car.
The gardens have become "a hobby that has gotten a bit out of control." Donna says even when she's on vacation, she would rather be home in her garden. Donna and her husband Walt have over 100 different kinds of flowers growing on their 3 acres. They grow flowers for almost every season. Donna and Walt even look forward to the arrival of the seed catalogs in the winter, so that they can begin plotting what to add to the garden each spring.
Their home is located on a busy street. It's not uncommon for folks to drop by and ask to see their gardens. "Our gardens attract a lot of visitors. We love to show them and talk about the various flowers we grow."
Donna and Walt own two Troy-Bilt tillers. They have a Tiller/Edger and a Pony. Donna says, "I find the Troy-Bilt tiller surprisingly easy to operate. I don't have to push it at all, just give it a little guiding."
"If Troy-Bilt makes it, I buy it." -- Ted
Ted has been a loyal Troy-Bilt customer for nearly 20 years. Ted first purchased a Troy-Bilt tiller and then several other Troy-Bilt products including his favorite - a chipper shredder vacuum. Ted and his wife Faye live on 20 wooded acres and find that they put the CSV to the test. It's over 15 years old and still runs like a champ.
"We get home and find a foot and a half of leaves all over the place!" Ted claims. While Ted likes using his CSV, he doesn't get the chance very often. That's because Faye calls it "my toy." Faye, who is rather petite, can start it right up and uses the mulch it creates to protect their flowerbeds in the cold weather. "I love it," says Faye. Lucky for them, there are enough leaves and branches that they both can use the chipper shredder vac!
Ted and Faye agree that it saves them a lot of time and it's fun to use. "Bring it on," Faye says.
"My neighbors love my garden." -- Alvin
Alvin was born on a farm, so growing things came pretty natural to him. Alvin has enjoyed gardening for many years.
He bought his Troy-Bilt tiller 5 years ago. He says, "My Troy-Bilt tiller makes my garden a breeze." Alvin enjoys getting out into the garden and making it a bit bigger even though his kids are now grown. "It's easy to use and makes my tilling so easy," he boasts.
Alvin admits to growing a lot of vegetables - too much for just him and his wife. "We can and freeze a lot of what I grow," says Alvin. But even with that, they have so much produce that Alvin has taken to sharing his abundant garden with his neighbors. "They love it, and I enjoy it," he says!
"Every year my tiller makes the garden bigger and bigger." -- Gloria
Gardening without her Troy-Bilt is something Gloria can't imagine. "My Troy-Bilt tiller is so easy to operate. It's not heavy and I can operate it with one hand!" Gloria admits to being a bit skeptical about operating her Troy-Bilt with one hand. After using it though, she was quickly convinced. Gloria considers her Troy-Bilt tiller one of her assets.
Gloria feels her Troy-Bilt tiller saves her time so that she can focus on her love of organic gardening. She believes that organic gardening is the natural order of things. She creates diagrams of what she's going to plant so that she maximizes yield and reduces bugs and critters. One of her favorite critter tricks is to put a radio in her garden on low volume on her local talk radio station. "It really works. The rabbits don't like to hear those guys go on and on!"
"You can never have too much firewood!" -- Doug
Doug is passionate about his Troy-Bilt logsplitter. He says it gives you the same adrenaline rush as chopping by hand but saves you a lot of frustration. Doug would know since he splits wood 365 days a year with his 27-Ton Troy-Bilt logsplitter. Doug generously cuts enough wood for his entire family - that's four houses worth!
He explains that with 27 tons of pressure, it will split anything - even a seasoned piece of solid oak - in 30 seconds.
When asked to describe his Troy-Bilt logsplitter, Doug says, "This is my favorite piece of equipment that I own." In fact, he's so crazy about it he says, "Nobody's going to take it outta my sight. I won't even loan it to my brother. This is my Troy-Bilt toy."
"Our first purchase as a married couple was a Troy-Bilt tiller." -- Pat and Mary
By the time Pat and Mary married in 1979, Pat was already an avid gardener. Mary fell for Pat's big Afro and sense of style. But she admist to being a bit skeptical when he wanted to buy a rototiller right after they got married. "We didn't even have a couch," says Mary. He responded, "You know if we had a rototiller, we could make a nice garden here." Mary says now, "At first, I didn't ven know what a rototiller was, but I could see the value in it. It was our first major purchase."
The purchase has been very valuable to their growing family through the years. They have been able to teach their four children where food comes from. "It's important they know things just don't come out of a can," says Pat. "I think there is pride in growing your own food and the process of gardening. It's a good way to relax and enjoy nature too."
Pat and Mary have taken great pride in their garden and learning to grow new things. One of their first experiments was growing giant squash. Pat won a blue ribbon for the squach he grew in 1980. It weighed over 65 pounds, and when they harvested it, they chose to show the scale by placing their baby girl Rebecca in it! "These are great memories," they say, proudly showing the photo.
Pat says gardening can be hard work though. He credits his Troy-Bilt tiller with taking all the effort out of it. "It's painless and very rewarding. It's true that you can run it with just one hand. It allows you to till your entire garden without one footprint."
Pat and Mary agree. "Our Troy-Bilt has bee a good investment for us."
"Why buy a Pony when you could buy a Horse?" -- Ray
Ray worked for many years in a factory. While he enjoyed gardening, he found himself short on time. Not gardening was not really an option since he proudly grew produce for his entire growing family. One day, his wife said, "Why don't you get a rototiller?" Ray welcomed this suggestion and took his wife with him shopping for their Troy-Bilt rototiller. While comparing models, his wife said, "Why buy a Pony when you can get a Horse?" Ray still gets a chuckle telling the story!
Ray's Troy-Bilt Horse helped him garden for many years. He enjoyed using the trencher attachment which was perfect for his asparagus and potatoes. "I grew sweet potatoes the size of footballs!"
Ray also found his Troy-Bilt Horse was a good way to meet the neighbors. One of his neighbors had on old front tine tiller. Ray describes his neighbor using it as "looking like he had a bull by the horns!" "My Troy-Bilt tiller didn't wrassle me like other tillers." One day his neighbor borrowed the Horse and didn't want to give it back. "He borrowed it a lot," says Ray.
"Big city guy turns country." -- Fred
Fred has recently left Chicago and moved out into the country. Having never been a "country boy," Fred thought he could just buy a lawn mower and a hachet and live in rural Michigan. Lucky for him he has a generous neighbor with a lot of power equipment. The first thing Fred learned from his neighbor was how to spot poison ivy and poison oak. "I just thought it was a weed," says Fred.
The next thing Fred's wise neighbor taught him was how great Troy-Bilt products are. Fred now realizes, "I need some heavy equipment and Troy-Bilt is my answer." In fact, Fred's 1,000 foot driveway is perfect for his Troy-Bilt snow thrower. "Troy-Bilt can handle it." Now Fred can handle the country life too!


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BRUSSELS - Turkey's government requested the deployment of NATO's Patriot surface-to-air missiles Wednesday to bolster its defenses along its border with Syria and prevent a spillover of the civil war in that nation, officials said.
NATO doesn't want to be drawn into the Syrian conflict and said it would consider deploying the missiles purely to protect Turkey, a member country. Any deployment of NATO forces needs the approval of the alliance's governing body, the North Atlantic Council.
But this is seen as a formality since NATO has already said it has plans in place to protect Turkey from a spillover of Syria's civil war.
"Allies will discuss this without delay," NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said on Twitter. In a separate statement, he said the deployment would augment alliance member Turkey's air defense capabilities and "would contribute to the de-escalation of the crisis along NATO's southeastern border."
The ambassadors of the 28 member states that make up the top council were expected to hold initial informal consultations later Wednesday.
Fogh Rasmussen said a joint team would visit Turkey next week to conduct a site survey for the possible deployment of the U.S.-built Patriots. He also noted that the deployment would not mean imposing a no-fly zone over Syrian territory, a key demand of Syrian opposition groups.
NATO allies installed the long-range Patriot batteries on Turkish territory twice before, during the 1991 and 2003 Iraq wars. They were never used and were quietly withdrawn a few months later.
In Ankara, Turkey's government said in a statement that "in face of the threats and risks posed to our national security by the ongoing crisis in Syria ... it has been decided to formally request from NATO that our national air defense be reinforced with the support of allied air defense elements."
German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle said he had told the German ambassador to Turkey "to receive positively such a request." Westerwelle says "it would be a serious mistake if we were to refuse defensive support to a NATO member country in a moment when this member country feels that it is exposed to attacks from outside."
Within the alliance, only the United States, Germany and the Netherlands have Patriots in their arsenals. Fogh Rasmussen said it was up to those governments to decide if they can provide them to be stationed in Turkey and for how long.
The Dutch government said in a statement it would "consider the request and investigate the desirability and possibility of contributing. Alliance solidarity plays an important role in the decision."
On June 22, Syrian forces brought down a Turkish reconnaissance plane that further increased tensions between the neighbors. Turkey said the plane was targeted in international airspace, but Syria insisted it was flying over its territory.
Turkey has also been retaliating to shelling and mortar rounds from Syria that have landed on its territory since Oct. 3, when shells from Syria struck a Turkish village near the Syrian border, killing two women and three children. The incident prompted Turkey to convene an emergency NATO meeting and to send tanks and anti-aircraft batteries to the area.
After that, Turkey threatened to shoot down Syrian military "elements" approaching its border and began scrambling fighter jets after Syrian helicopters flew close to the frontier.
Turkey's air defenses consist mostly of short-range Rapier and Stinger systems, and U.S.-made Hawk low to medium altitude missiles. Ankara has been looking to acquire a new high-altitude defense system to replace its Cold War-era Nike-Hercules batteries.
The Patriot, which first entered service three decades ago, has been successively upgraded over the years. Although optimized for anti-aircraft defense, advanced versions can also be used against cruise missiles and against medium- and short-range ballistic missiles. They have a maximum range of about 160 kilometers (100 miles) and can reach altitudes of about 80,000 feet (24,000 meters).
Suzan Fraser reported from Ankara. Don Melvin in Brussels, Geir Moulson in Berlin, and Mike Corder in The Hague, Netherlands, contributed to this report.


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davidbehan needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 39 designs submitted by 11 freelance designers.
Charity logo required. Full details in description.
Roger Casement School Fund
Desired Color Scheme:
Desired Style:
Nice font(s)/colour(s) on "Roger Casement School Fund" with a nice emblem that represents the organisation.
Accepted File Formats:
ai, eps, jpeg
My client, who is a charity, requires a logo and stationery for the organisation. The charity is called the "Roger Casement School Fund" and will be involved in the setting up of schools and education of young adults (teenagers) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The charity is an Irish charity but most likely looking for something that incorporates education, children and/or Congo. For more information about Roger Casement and why the charity has been named after him, please see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Casement. It might give you a few ideas. Other than that, I'm looking for something that looks very professionally created and captures what this charity will do. Best of luck to all and please don't hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.
Note: This contest will involve a two tier winning process. If I like your logo, I will ask you to produce the stationery (or you can do it all together if you like) and following that, I will present the best logos and stationery combinations to the board of directors of the charity next Wednesday evening. The winner will be then announced the following day, Thursday. I will require full eps, ai and jpeg versions from the winner, ready to go to the printer.
Best of luck to all! :D
This contest was originally listed in multiple categories:
- Logo Design
- Stationery Design
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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A great-grandfather has celebrated his 104th birthday by setting a world record by becoming the oldest person to get a TATTOO.
Brave Jack Reynolds has always been adventurous and was the oldest person to do the Ice Bucket Challenge when he was 102 - dressed in nothing but his Union Jack boxers. But he wanted to go one step further and had his nickname 'Jacko' along with his date of birth '06/04/1912' tattooed on his upper right arm yesterday (Weds).'


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Parents and Family
The Office of Housing & Residence Life firmly believes that residential experience significantly contributes to the educational and developmental growth of the individual student. It is our responsibility to offer students safe, affordable, and well-maintained residential facilities, complemented by exceptional customer service from highly trained staff. We believe that the residential communities are more than just a place to study and sleep.
All the information in the parents and family section will help you and your student have a successful transition and to help maintain a healthy relationship between your family and the Office of Housing and Residence Life. We encourage your feedback and your participation in your son or daughter's college experience. Thank you for making UNCW's Housing and Residence Life your student's home away from home.
Parent and Family Resources


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Grand Prize Drawing - Vacation Getaway
3 days/2 nights 2 bedroom furnished condo The Plantation
Benefits ARC - Baldwin County
5K Run - 5K Race Walk - 1 Mile Run
Rotary is a great organization, and it has the potential to become even greater — if each one of us rises to the challenge and takes responsibility for its future.
Service Above Self
The more than 1.2 million worldwide members of Rotary are committed to humanitarian service, high ethical standards in all vocations, and goodwill and peace in the world. Like their fellow Rotarians in the 30,000 clubs in 166 countries, Robertsdale Rotarians represent a diverse group of professional leaders — both currently employed and retired — working to address local and international service needs.
Read more...
The mission of The Rotary Foundation is to enable Rotarians to advance world understanding, goodwill, and peace through the improvement of health, the support of education, and the alleviation of poverty.
The Foundation is a not-for-profit corporation supported solely by voluntary contributions from Rotarians and friends of the Foundation who share its vision of a better world.
Rotary's programs for students and youth can change the lives of those who participate. Through these programs, young people can earn scholarships, travel on cultural exchanges, or help a community through a service project.
Read more...
After 20 years of hard work, Rotary and its partners are on the brink of eradicating this tenacious disease, but a strong push is needed now to root it out once and for all. It is a window of opportunity of historic proportions.
Your contribution will help Rotary raise $200 million to match $355 million in challenge grants received from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The resulting $555 million will directly support immunization campaigns in developing countries, where polio continues to infect and paralyze children, robbing them of their futures and compounding the hardships faced by their families.
As long as polio threatens even one child anywhere in the world, children everywhere remain at risk. The stakes are that high.
Read more...
Grand Prize Drawing - Vacation Getaway
3 days/2 nights 2 bedroom furnished condo The Plantation
Benefits ARC - Baldwin County
5K Run - 5K Race Walk - 1 Mile Run
Incoming RI president announces 2020-21 presidential theme.
Rotary and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation extending fundraising partnership to eradicate polio Partnership will infuse an additional US$450 million into global polio eradication
Rotary and the Gates Foundation extend funding match for polio


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Presidents Should Obey the Law
In Star Wars III: Revenge of the Sith, when Chancellor Palpatine transforms the republic into an empire, Senator Amidala remarks:
So this is how liberty dies … with thunderous applause.
But it can also happen in silent acquiescence. For decades now, successive Congresses have evaded their responsibility to make decisions about the deployment of U.S. armed forces abroad. I write about the latest instance of this, in Libya, in today's Britannica column:
Presidents have an obligation to obey the Constitution and the law. But one of the ways that separation of powers works is that each branch of government is supposed to jealously guard its prerogatives from usurpation by the other branches. Too often Congress ducks that responsibility, preferring to let presidents make decisions, make law, and make war without the involvement of Congress. As Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., explained in his book The Imperial Presidency, the expansion of presidential war‐making power has been "as much a matter of congressional abdication as of presidential usurpation."
The president is derelict in his duty to obey the Constitution and the War Powers Resolution. And Congress is derelict in its duty to assert its constitutional authority. And I'm still wondering what's happened to the antiwar movement, which ought to be loudly protesting not just the continuing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan but the newborn war in Libya.
As George Will said last week, "even if you think the War Powers Resolution is an unwise law — it is a law." And a former law professor who is now the president of the United States should obey the law. Will expanded on that point in his Sunday column, titled "Obama's Illegal War," in the old‐fashioned print edition of the Washington Post.
Full Britannica column here.


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Winter Olympics 2014
The 2014 Winter Olympics took place between 07 and 23 February 2014. Below are featured images related to this year's games, hosted in the city of Sochi in Russia.
Click on the thumbnail images to view larger versions.
27 February 2014
ESA's PROBA-V satellite acquired this view of the area on 07 February 2014. While the Olympic Park itself is not visible, it is located toward the centre of the image, along the coast of the Black Sea. The snow on the nearby Caucasus Mountains makes for a sharp contrast against the green land. A band of cloud can be seen stretching across much of the Black Sea.
Russia was the overall victor of this year's games after achieving a total of 33 medals, 13 of which were gold. They were followed closely by Norway, Canada, the United States of America and the Netherlands.
Credit: European Space Agency (ESA) / Flemish institute for technological research (VITO)
13 February 2014
NASA also acquired a wider view of the area around Sochi from the Aqua satellite on 03 February 2014. Sochi is located near the centre of this image, on the coast of the Black Sea; of which the eastern part is visible in this image. The Caucasus Mountain range can also be seen across the image to the western coast of the Caspian Sea. This image was acquired a few days before the games began and shows the snow that fell across the region.
There are 98 events at this year's games, and 88 participating nations.
Credit: NASA Earth Observatory
11 February 2014
NASA's Terra satellite acquired a view of Sochi from a different perspective in this image from 04 January 2014. The Olympic Park is visible near the coast at the bottom of the image, and the nearby mountains stretch off into the distance.
This year's Winter Olympics are the 22nd to be held.
A second Terra image shows the nearby ski resort, which is hosting the alpine events.
Credit: NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, & U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team
10 February 2014
This WorldView-2 image, acquired the day before the games began, presents another view of the Olympic Park, as seen on 06 February 2014. The annotated image shows the relevant locations and stadiums in the area.
This year's Winter Olympics have been estimated as the most expensive in history, surpassing $51 billion.
Also available is another WorldView-2 image of the Sochi ski resort.
Credit: European Space Imaging/DigitalGlobe
07 February 2014
This view of the Sochi Winter Olympics site was acquired by EUMETSAT's MetOp-B satellites on 02 February 2014. Sochi located on the eastern end of the Caucasus Mountain range, which dominates the centre of the image.
There were concerns, due to Sochi's subtropical climate, that there would not be enough snow in time for the Olympic games, and so EUMETSAT's satellites acquired different views of the location to analyse the snow fall. Fortunately heavy snow fell in the last few weeks prior to the start of the Olympics.
Credit: EUMETSAT 2014
06 February 2014
Another view from the Pleiades satellite, acquired 19 December 2013, shows the Sochi Ski Resort in nearby Kasnaya Polyana. This location in the Caucasus Mountains is hosting the ski, snowboard and sleigh events at this year's games.
Credit: CNES 2013 - Distribution: Astrium Services / Spot Image S.A. France, all rights reserved
17 January 2014
This Pleiades image shows the Olympic Park in Sochi on 19 December 2013, in the final months of construction. The different venues are visible in the centre of the image.
Credit: CNES 2013 - Distribution: Astrium Services / Spot Image S.A. France, all rights reserved
Sochi was chosen as the site of the Winter Olympics in 2007 and construction of the site began in 2010. Located on the coast of the Black Sea, Sochi is situated in south-east Russia.


text: Screenwriter Kris Dyer married his girlfriend Jo Myddleton last October. Since he thought his last name was "rubbish," he decided to change his surname to Myddleton, and surprisingly the most irritating part of the process was not the bureaucratic leaps and bounds Kris had to go through to change his name, it was the prejudiced reaction of the Myddletons' friends. ""I always considered my friends to be pretty metropolitan, but they too seemed to have problems coming to terms with it," Kris Myddleton told the Independent. "They thought I was joking; eventually I had to show them my new bank cards to get them to believe me. They kept asking 'Why?' People seemed vaguely disapproving, as if we were breaking a sacred rule." But couples like the Myddletons are becoming increasingly common in the UK, as only 50% of women now take their husbands' names.I know that for some it's a big ideological struggle — they feel that they are condoning a certain aspect of the patriarchy of which they do not approve. But for others, like Myddleton, it's a question of style, and also sweetness: Kris said that his wife is an only child, so the only way they could carry on the Myddleton family name is if he took his wife's name. Personally I would never take my husband's name professionally, but in my personal life I'd just as soon jettison "Grose." I mean, it's not as bad as Hymen but it's not a great last name, nor is it one I'd particularly like to see my children taunted with as I was. For the married Jezebels out there, what naming convention did you go with and why? No One Understood Why I Took My Wife's Surname' [The Independent]


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The Totally Tamron Website Is Back! Visit Today For All Things Tamron
MikeJ63's Portfolio.
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Is HTML5 just a new buzzword or did it come to stay? What good is it for? Can it sing, dance, make coffee?
Quite a lot of information on the subject showed up recently but I was not sure what's good and what's not. Peter Wayner offers a four-part series devoted to the new features of HTML5. I found it a good starting point.
P.S. Credit for the image goes to Rafael Poveda.


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All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace (TV series)
|All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace
|Written by
|Adam Curtis
|Directed by
|Adam Curtis
|Country of origin
|United Kingdom
|Original language(s)
|No. of series
|No. of episodes
|Executive producer(s)
|Dominic Crossley-Holland
|Lucy Kelsall
Adam Macqueen
James Harkin
Andrew Orlowski
|Running time
|180 minutes (in three parts)
|Production company(s)
|Original network
|BBC Two
|Original release
|23 May –
6 June 2011
|Preceded by
|The Trap (2007)
|Followed by
|Bitter Lake (2015)
All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace is a BBC television documentary series by filmmaker Adam Curtis.[1] In the series, Curtis argues that computers have failed to liberate humanity, and instead have "distorted and simplified our view of the world around us."[2] The title is taken from a 1967 poem of the same name by Richard Brautigan.[3] The first episode was originally broadcast at 9 pm on 23 May 2011.[2]
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Part 1. 'Love and Power'[edit]
In the first episode, Curtis traces the effects of Ayn Rand's ideas on American financial markets, particularly via the influence on Alan Greenspan.
Ayn Rand was born in Russia and moved to America in 1928. She worked for Cecil B. DeMille, receiving inspiration for what would later become The Fountainhead. Later, she moved to New York and set up a reading group called The Collective where they considered her work. On advice from a friend, Greenspan (then a logical positivist) joined The Collective.
When published, although critically savaged, Rand's Objectivist ideas were popular, and influenced people working in the technology sector of California. The Californian Ideology, a techno-utopian belief that computer networks could measure, control and help to stabilise societies, without hierarchical political control, and that people could become 'Randian heroes', only working for their own happiness, became widespread in Silicon Valley.
Rand had an affair with Nathaniel Branden, another married person in The Collective, which she justified in terms of her value of "rationality", and with the approval of his wife. After several years, the affair ended violently and it was revealed to the rest of The Collective, which disbanded. Rand ended up alone in her New York apartment, although Greenspan continued to visit.
Greenspan entered government in the 70s, and became Chairman of the Federal Reserve. In 1992, he visited the newly elected Bill Clinton. He persuaded him to let the markets grow, cut taxes, and to let the markets stabilise themselves with the help of computer technology, to create the New economy. This involved using computer models to predict risks and hedge against them, in accordance with the Californian Ideology. However, by 1996, the production figures had failed to increase, but profits were nevertheless rising, and Greenspan suggested that it wasn't working. After political attacks from all sides, Greenspan changed his mind and decided that perhaps the New Economy was real after all, but that it couldn't be measured using normal economic measures, and so the apparent boom continued.
In 1994, Carmen Hermosillo published a widely influential essay online, "Pandora's Vox: On Community in Cyberspace",[4] and it began to be argued that the use of computer networks had led not to a reduction in hierarchy, but actually a commodification of personality and a complex transfer of power and information to corporations.
Although the Asian miracle had led to long-term growth in South Korea and other countries, Joseph Stiglitz began warning that the withdrawing of foreign financial investment from the Far Eastern economies could cause devastation there. However, he was unable to warn the president having been blocked by Robert Rubin, who feared damage to financial interests.
The 1997 Asian financial crisis began as the property bubble in the Far East began to burst in Thailand, causing large financial losses in those countries that greatly affected foreign investors. While Bill Clinton was preoccupied with the Monica Lewinsky scandal, Robert Rubin took control of foreign policy and forced loans onto the affected countries. However, after each country agreed to be bailed out by the IMF, foreign investors immediately pulled their money out of those countries, leaving their taxpayers with enormous debts and triggering massive economic disasters.
After his handling of the economic effects of 9/11, Alan Greenspan became more important, and in the wake of the Enron scandal he cut interest rates in a bid to stimulate the economy. Unusually, this ostensibly failed to cause inflation. It seemed the New Economy was working to stabilise the economy.
However, in reality, to avoid a repeat of the earlier collapse, China's Politburo had decided to manage America's economy via similar techniques to those used by America on other Far Eastern countries. By keeping China's exchange rate artificially low, they sold cheap goods to America, and with the proceeds, bought American bonds. The money flooding into America permitted massive loans to be made available to those who would previously have been considered too risky. In America, the belief was that computers could stabilise and hedge the lending of the money. This permitted lending beyond the point that was actually sustainable. The high level of loan defaulting led ultimately to the 2008 collapse due to a housing bubble similar to that which Far Eastern countries had previously faced.
Curtis ends the piece by pointing out that not only has the idea of market stability failed to bear out in practice, but that the Californian Ideology has also been unable to stabilise it. Indeed, the ideology has not led to people being Randian heroes, but has trapped them in a rigid system of control from which they are unable to escape.
- Barbara Branden, member of Ayn Rand's circle, 1950s
- John McCaskey, Digital Entrepreneur, Silicon Valley, 1990s
- Kevin O'Connor, Internet Entrepreneur, Silicon Valley, 1990s
- Loren Carpenter and Rachel Carpenter
- Kevin Kelly, Wired Magazine
- Stewart Brand, Global Business Network
- Alvin Toffler, Digital Futurologist
- Peter Schwartz, Global Business Network
- Kenichi Ohmae, author, The End of the Nation State
- Nathaniel Branden, Ayn Rand's lover
- Joan Mitchell
- Stephen Roach, Chief Economist, Morgan Stanley 1990s
- Joseph Stiglitz, Head of the Council of Economic Advisers 1995–97
- Robert Rubin, US Secretary of the Treasury 1995–99
Part 2. 'The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts'[edit]
|In the 1960s, an idea penetrated deep into the public imagination that nature is a self-regulating ecosystem, there is a natural order," Curtis says. "The trouble is, it's not true — as many ecologists have shown, nature is never stable, it's always changing.
This episode investigates how machine ideas such as cybernetics and systems theory were applied to natural ecosystems, and how this relates to the false idea that there is a balance of nature. Cybernetics has been applied to human beings in an attempt to build societies without central control, self organising networks built of people, based on a fantasy view of nature.
Arthur Tansley had a dream where he shot his wife. He wanted to know what it meant, so he studied Sigmund Freud. However, one part of Freud's theory was that the human brain is an electrical machine. Tansley became convinced that, as the brain was interconnected, so was the whole of the natural world, in networks he called ecosystems, which he believed were inherently stable and self-correcting, and which regulated nature as if it were a machine.
Jay Forrester was an early pioneer in cybernetic systems who believed that brains, cities and even societies live in networks of feedback loops that control them, and he thought computers could determine the effects of the feedback loops. Cybernetics therefore viewed humans as nodes in networks, as machines.
The ecology movement also adopted this idea and viewed the natural world as systems, as it explained how the natural system could stabilise the natural world, via natural feedback loops.
Norbert Wiener laid out the position that humans, machines and ecology are simply nodes in a network in his book Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, and this book became the bible of cybernetics.
Howard T. Odum and Eugene Odum were brothers, and both of them ecologists. Howard collected data from ecological systems and built electronic networks to simulate them. His brother Eugene then took these ideas to make them the heart of ecology, and the hypothesis then became a certainty. However, they had distorted the idea and simplified the data to an extraordinary degree. That ecology was balanced became conventional wisdom among scientists.
Meanwhile, in the 1960s, Buckminster Fuller invented a radically new kind of structure, the geodesic dome, which emulated ecosystems in being made of highly connected, relatively weak parts. It was applied to the radomes covering early warning systems in the Arctic. His other system-based ideas inspired the counterculture movement. Communes of people who saw themselves as nodes in a network, without hierarchy, and applied feedback to try to control and stabilise their societies, and used his geodesic domes as habitats. These societies mostly broke up within a few years.
Also in the 1960s, Stewart Brand filmed a demonstration of a networked computer system with a graphics display, mouse and keyboard that he believed would save the world by empowering people, in a similar way to the communes, to be free as individuals.
In 1967, Richard Brautigan published the poetry work All Watched Over by machines of Loving Grace. The title poem called for a cybernetic ecological utopia consisting of a fusion of computers and mammals living in perfect harmony and stability. The arguments in this part of the documentary closely echo Andrew Kirk's 2007 environmental history of the California-appropriate technology movement, Counterculture Green: The Whole Earth Catalog and American Environmentalism.
By the 1970s, new problems such as overpopulation, limited natural resources and pollution that could not be solved by normal hierarchical systems had arrived. Jay Forrester stated that he knew how to solve this problem. He applied systems theory to the problem and drew a cybernetic system diagram for the world. This was turned into a computer model, which predicted population collapse. This became the basis of the model that was used by the Club of Rome, and the findings from this were published in The Limits to Growth. Forrester then argued for zero growth in order to maintain a steady equilibrium within the capacity of the Earth.
However, this was opposed by many people within the environmental movement, since the model did not allow for people to change their values to stabilise the world, and they argued that the model tried to maintain and enforce the current political hierarchy. Arthur Tansley who had invented the term ecosystem, had once accused Field Marshal Jan Smuts of the "abuse of vegetational concepts". Smuts had invented a philosophy called holism, where everyone had a 'rightful place', which was to be managed by the white race. The 70s protestors claimed that the same conceptual abuse of the supposed natural order was occurring, that it was really being used for political control.
At the time, there was a general belief in the stability of natural systems. However, cracks started to appear when a study was made of the predator-prey relationship of wolf and elks. It was found that wild population swings had occurred over centuries. Other studies then found huge variations, and a significant lack of homeostasis in natural systems. George Van Dyne then tried to build a computer model to try to simulate a complete ecosystem based on extensive real-world data, to show how the stability of natural systems actually worked. To his surprise, the computer model did not stabilize like the Odums' electrical model had. The reason for this lack of stabilization was that he had used extensive data which more accurately reflected reality, whereas the Odums and other ecologists had "ruthlessly simplified nature." The scientific idea had thus been shown to fail, but the popular idea remained in currency, and even grew as it apparently offered the possibility of a new egalitarian world order.
In 2003, a wave of spontaneous revolutions swept through Asia and Europe. Coordinated only via the internet, nobody seemed to be in overall charge, and no overall aims except self-determination and freedom were apparent. This seemed to justify the beliefs of the computer utopians.
However, the freedom from these revolutions lasted for only a short time. Curtis compares them with the hippie communes, all of which had been broken up within a few years by, "the very thing that was supposed to have been banished: power." Aggressive members of the group began to bully the weaker ones, who were unable to band together in their own defence because formal power structures were prohibited by the commune's rules, and even intervention against bullying by benevolent individuals was discouraged.
Curtis closes the episode by stating that it has become apparent that while the self-organising network is good at organising change, it is much less good at what comes next; networks leave people helpless in the face of people already in power in the world.
- Peder Anker, historian of ecology
- Jay Forrester, systems theorist
- Fred Turner, cybernetics theorist
- Peter J. Taylor, historian of science
- Dr Daniel Botkin, ecologist
- Randall Gibson, former member of 'Synergia' commune
- Molly Hollenbach, former member of 'The Family' commune
- Stewart Brand
- Alexander King, Co-Founder of the Club of Rome (archive)
- Tord Björk, environmental activist
- Dr Steward Pickett, ecologist
- Dr Dave Swift and Dr Sam Bledsoe, Grasslands Project
- Al Gore, former US Vice President
- Dr Laura J. Cameron, historical geographer
Part 3. 'The Monkey in the Machine and the Machine in the Monkey'[edit]
This episode looks into the selfish gene theory invented by William Hamilton, which holds that humans are machines controlled by genes. Curtis also covers the source of ethnic conflict that was created by Belgian colonialism's artificial creation of a racial divide and the ensuing slaughter that occurred in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is a source of raw material for computers and cell phones.
William Hamilton went to Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of the Congo while the Second Congo War was raging. He went there to collect Chimpanzee faeces to test his theory that HIV was due to a medical mistake. Unfortunately he caught malaria, for which he took aspirin, which caused a haemorrhage, and he died. However, his selfish gene theory survived.
In 1960, Congo had become independent from Belgium, but governance promptly collapsed, and towns became battle grounds as soldiers fought for control of the mines. America and the Belgians organised a coup, and the elected leader, Patrice Lumumba, was kidnapped and executed, causing chaos. However, the Western mining operations were largely unaffected.
Bill Hamilton was a solitary man who saw everything through the lens of Darwin's theory of evolution. When he wanted to know why some ants and humans give up their life for others, he went to Waterloo station and stared at humans for hours, looking for patterns. In 1963, he realised that most of the behaviours of humans were due to genes, and he began looking at humans from the genes' point of view. Humans were machines that were only important for carrying genes, and it made sense for a gene to sacrifice a human if it meant that another copy of the gene elsewhere could prosper.
In the 1930s, Armand Denis made films that told the world about Africa. However, his documentary gave fanciful stories about Rwanda's Tutsis being a noble ruling elite originally from Egypt, whereas the Hutus were a peasant race. In reality, they were racially the same, and the Belgian rulers had ruthlessly exploited the myth. But when it came to independence, liberal Belgians felt guilty, and decided the Hutus should overthrow the Tutsi rule. This led to a bloodbath, as the Tutsis were then seen as aliens and were slaughtered.
In 1967, American George R. Price went to London after reading Hamilton's little-known papers and discovering that he was already familiar with the equations, and that they were the equations of computers. He was able to show that the equations explained murder, warfare, suicide, goodness and spite, since these behaviours could help the genes. John von Neumann had invented self-reproducing machines, but Price was able to show that the self-reproducing machines were already in existence — humans were the machines.
This had a bad effect on Price, and Price began to believe that these equations had been given to him by God, even though some argue that they are evidence against the existence of God.
In Congo, with a civil war ongoing, Dian Fossey, who was researching gorillas, was captured. She escaped and created a new camp high up on a mountain in Rwanda, where she continued to study gorillas. She tried to completely protect the gorillas, which were very susceptible to human diseases and were hated because they terrorised the local people.
In 1973, after converting to extreme Christianity, as a last chance to disprove the selfish gene theories' gloomy conclusions, Price decided to start helping poor and homeless people, giving away all his possessions in acts of random kindness, influenced and inspired by Christian religion.
In the Congo, Mobutu Sese Seko changed the Congo's name to Zaire and looted millions of dollars and let mines and industries collapse, killed his opponents and stopped a liberal democracy from forming.
While this was happening, at Dian Fossey's camp, Digit, her favourite gorilla, had been killed by locals, and later she was too.
Price's attempt to disprove Hamilton's theory had utterly failed, and he came to believe that he was being followed by the hound of heaven. He finally revealed, in his suicide note, that these acts of altruism brought more harm than good to the lives of homeless people.
Richard Dawkins took the equations and popularised them and explained that humans are simply machines created by the selfish genes. In a sense, reinventing the immortal soul, but as computer code in the form of the genes.
In 1994, the ruling Hutu government set out to eradicate the Tutsi minority. This was explained as incomprehensible ancient rivalry by the Western press. In reality it was due to the Belgian myth created during the colonial rule. Western agencies got involved, and the Tutsi fought back, creating chaos. Many flooded across the border into Zaire, and the Tutsi invaded the refugee camps to get revenge. Mobutu fell from power. Troops arrived from many countries, allegedly to help, but in reality to gain access to the country's natural resources, used to produce consumer goods for the West. Altogether, 4.5 million people were killed.
By this point Hamilton was well-honoured. However, by now he supported eugenics. He heard a story that HIV had been created from an accident with a polio vaccine, which it was thought could have been contaminated with a chimp virus. This supported his idea that modern medicine could be negative, as he thought medicine opposed the logic of the genes. So he travelled to eastern Congo to look for the virus, amid the murder and chaos. He died, and later research disproved the idea that HIV had come from a medical accident.
Curtis ends the episode by saying that Hamilton's ideas that humans are computers controlled by the genes have become accepted wisdom. But he asks whether we have accepted a fatalistic philosophy that humans are helpless computers to explain and excuse the fact that, as in the Congo, we are effectively unable to improve and change the world.
- Prof. Michael Ruse, friend of Bill Hamilton
- Kathleen Price, George Price's daughter
- Edward Teller (archive)
- James Schwartz, George Price's biographer
- Bill Hamilton (interviewed 1999)
Interviews and reviews[edit]
In May 2011, Adam Curtis was interviewed about the series by Katharine Viner in The Guardian,[5] by the Register[6] and by Little Atoms.[7]
Catherine Gee at the Daily Telegraph said that what Adam Curtis reveals, "is the dangers of human beings at their most selfish and self-satisfying. Showing no compassion or consideration for your fellow human beings creates a chasm between those able to walk over others and those too considerate – or too short-sighted – to do so."[8]
John Preston also reviewed the first episode, and said that although it showed flashes of brilliance, it had an "infuriating glibness too as the web of connectedness became ever more stretched. No one could dispute that Curtis has got a very big bite indeed. But what about the chewing, you ask. There wasn't any – or nothing like enough of it to prevent a bad case of mental indigestion."[9]
Andrew Anthony published a review in The Observer and The Guardian, and commented on the central premise that we had been made to "believe we could create a stable world that would last for ever" but that he doesn't "recall ever believing that 'we' could create a stable world that would last for ever", and noted that: "For the film-maker there seems to be an objective reality that a determined individual can penetrate if he is willing to challenge the confining chimeras of markets and machines. Forget the internet tycoons. The Randian hero is Curtis himself."[10]
Curtis's style is typified by the use of frequent and often incongruous cuts of film and music, often lasting only a fraction of a second, in a technique similar to sampling. Music used in the documentary includes:
- (Opening Credits) "Baby Love Child" from This Year's Girl by Pizzicato Five
- (Closing Credits) "Aua" from Monokini by Stereo Total
- "2 Ghosts I" from Ghosts I–IV by Nine Inch Nails
- "Right Where It Belongs" from With Teeth by Nine Inch Nails
- "Suzanne" from Songs of Leonard Cohen by Leonard Cohen – played during slow-motion coverage of Monica Lewinsky and Bill Clinton (Part 1)
- "Radioactivity" from Radio-Activity by Kraftwerk
- "Forgive" from Burial by Burial
- "Welcome to Lunar Industries" from Moon by Clint Mansell
- "I'm Sam Bell" from Moon by Clint Mansell
- "Le Fiacre" by Jean Sablon
- "The Heavenly Music Corporation" from (No Pussyfooting) by Brian Eno and Robert Fripp
- "Monkey 23" from Keep on Your Mean Side by The Kills
- "Sally and Jack" from Blow Out by Pino Donaggio
- "Tristan und Isolde" by Richard Wagner
- "4 Sea Interludes, Op. 33a: I. Dawn" (Peter Grimes, Act II: Interlude) by Benjamin Britten
- "Theme from Carrie" from Carrie by Pino Donaggio
- "The Nursery" from Moon by Clint Mansell
- "A Warm Place" from The Downward Spiral by Nine Inch Nails
- "No Man's Land" by David Holmes
- "In Dreams" from In Dreams by Roy Orbison
- "On the Rebound" from On the Rebound by Floyd Cramer
- "Corona Radiata" from The Slip by Nine Inch Nails
- "Space Mystery" (Montage) and "The Toy Trumpet" from Manhattan Research Inc. by Raymond Scott
- "Parlez-moi d'amour" by Lucienne Boyer
- "Nocturne" from The Gadfly Suite by Dmitri Shostakovich
- "Once Upon a Time in the West" from Once Upon a Time in the West by Ennio Morricone
- "I Feel Love" from I Remember Yesterday by Donna Summer
- "Magnolia" from Magnolia by Jon Brion
- "Main Theme From The Fog" by John Carpenter
- "Escape from Wing Kong" from Big Trouble in Little China by John Carpenter
- "Zero Sum" from "Year Zero" by Nine Inch Nails
See also[edit]
- ^ The Guide (9 April 2011). "Populist: The column that's looking for a natural break". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
- ^ a b "All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace – video". The Guardian. 6 May 2011. Archived from the original on 9 May 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
- ^ "All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace". BRAUTIGAN.net. 10 June 2011. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
- ^ "Introducing Humdog: Pandora's Vox Redux", Folksonomy.co.
- ^ Viner, Katharine (6 May 2011). "Adam Curtis: Have computers taken away our power?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 May 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
- ^ Orlowski, Andrew (23 May 2011). "Adam Curtis: The Rise of the Machines Cybernetics, ecosystems and pop". The Register. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
- ^ Dave (5 June 2011). "Interview with Adam Curtis on Pulse". Pulse. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
- ^ Gee, Catherine (23 May 2011). "All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace, review". The Telegraph. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
- ^ Preston, John (27 May 2011). "All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace, BBC Two, review". The Telegraph. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
- ^ Anthony, Andrew (29 May 2011). "Rewind TV: All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace; Strangeways – review". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
External links[edit]
- All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace at BBC Programmes
- All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace on IMDb
- Teaser on Adam Curtis's blog
- Longer promotional video on Adam Curtis's blog
- Curtis, Adam (29 May 2011). "How the 'ecosystem' myth has been used for sinister means". The Observer. This article by Adam Curtis in The Observer complements the second episode.


text:
Two Cameron University students presented research papers at the recent 25th Annual Sooner Communication Conference. Ricky Petty, a senior communication major from Loyal, and Kaley Neal, a junior public relations student from Duncan, presented projects completed in a class on corporate and organizational communication. Petty's paper analyzed Margaret Thatcher's leadership style during the Falkland Islands Crisis, and Neal's research explored Paula Deen's image restoration strategies after she was accused of racism in 2012.
"We are tremendously proud of our students' efforts," says Dr. Justin Walton, associate professor of communication. "This conference is very selective and competitive, which is a testament to the quality of Ricky and Kaley's work."
The Sooner Communication Conference is a graduate student-led event which brings together faculty and students from schools throughout the region and the nation. The conference provides undergraduate and graduate students a forum to discuss developments in theory and research across the communication discipline and for students to fine-tune their research for other scholarly endeavors.
Funding for participation in the conference was provided through the Tina Solomon Endowed Lectureship in Communication.
March 12, 2014