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Mumia Abu-Jamal
|Mumia Abu-Jamal
Wesley Cook
April 24, 1954
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Cause of death
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|Other names
|Template:If empty
|Known for
|Template:If empty
Criminal penalty
|Life imprisonment without parole
|Criminal status
|First degree murder
Mumia Abu-Jamal (born Wesley Cook[1] April 24, 1954) is an American activist and journalist who was convicted and sentenced to death in 1982 for the 1981 murder of Philadelphia police officer Daniel Faulkner.
Abu-Jamal became involved in black nationalism in his youth and was a member of the Black Panther Party until October 1970, after which he became a radio journalist – eventually becoming president of the Philadelphia Association of Black Journalists. On December 9, 1981, Faulkner was fatally shot while conducting a routine traffic stop of Abu-Jamal's brother, William Cook. Abu-Jamal was found at the scene with a bullet wound from Faulkner's gun and his own discharged revolver beside him. He was arrested and charged with Faulkner's murder.
Prosecution witnesses identified Abu-Jamal as the shooter and two testified that he had confessed to shooting Faulkner. A jury convicted Abu-Jamal on all counts and sentenced him to death. He spent the next 30 years on death row. After a succession of all possible appeals by Abu-Jamal were exhausted, his conviction was upheld but his death sentence vacated. He was resentenced to life in prison without parole. District Attorney Seth Williams later stated that no further appeals would be filed in pursuit of the death penalty.
Activists, celebrities, and self-proclaimed liberal groups have criticized the perceived lack of fairness of Abu-Jamal's trial, professed his innocence, and opposed his death sentence.[2][3][4] The Faulkner family, public authorities, police organizations, and self-described conservative groups have maintained that Abu-Jamal's trial was fair, his guilt undeniable, and his death sentence appropriate. Once described as "perhaps the world's best known death-row inmate" by The New York Times,[5] during his imprisonment Abu-Jamal has published books and commentaries on social and political issues, including Live from Death Row (1995).
- 1 Early life and activism
- 2 Arrest for murder and trial
- 3 Appeals and review
- 4 Life as a prisoner
- 5 Popular support and opposition
- 6 Written works
- 7 See also
- 8 References
- 9 External links
Early life and activism
Abu-Jamal was given the name Mumia in 1968 by his high school teacher, a Kenyan instructing a class on African cultures in which students took African classroom names.[6] According to Abu-Jamal, 'Mumia' means "Prince" and was the name of Kenyan anti-colonial African nationalists who fought against the British before Kenyan independence.[7] He adopted the surname Abu-Jamal ("father of Jamal" in Arabic) after the birth of his son Jamal on July 18, 1971.[6][8] His first marriage at age 19, to Jamal's mother, Biba, was short-lived.[9] Their daughter, Lateefa, was born shortly after the wedding.[10] Abu-Jamal married his second wife, Marilyn (known as "Peachie"),[8] in 1977.[11] Their son, Mazi, was born in early 1978.[12] By 1981, Abu-Jamal was living with his third and current wife, Wadiya.[11]
Involvement with the Black Panthers
In his own writings, Abu-Jamal describes his adolescent experience of being "kicked ... into the Black Panther Party" after suffering a beating from "white racists" and a policeman for his efforts to disrupt a George Wallace for President rally in 1968.[13] From the age of 14, he helped form the Philadelphia branch of the Black Panther Party with Defense Captain Reggie Schell,[14][15] and other Panthers, taking appointment, in his own words, as the chapter's "Lieutenant of Information", exercising a responsibility for writing information and news communications. In one of the interviews he gave at the time he quoted Mao Zedong, saying that "political power grows out of the barrel of a gun".[16] That same year, he dropped out of Benjamin Franklin High School and took up residence in the branch's headquarters.[15] He spent late 1969 in New York City and early 1970 in Oakland, living and working with BPP colleagues in those cities.[17] He was a party member from May 1969 until October 1970 and was subject to Federal Bureau of Investigation COINTELPRO surveillance, with which the Philadelphia police cooperated, from then until about 1974.[18]
Education and journalism career
After leaving the Panthers he returned to his old high school, but was suspended for distributing literature calling for "black revolutionary student power".[19] He also led unsuccessful protests to change the school name to Malcolm X High.[19] After attaining his GED, he studied briefly at Goddard College in rural Vermont.[20]
By 1975 he was pursuing a vocation in radio newscasting, first at Temple University's WRTI and then at commercial enterprises.[19] In 1975, he was employed at radio station WHAT and he became host of a weekly feature program of WCAU-FM in 1978.[21] He was also employed for brief periods at radio station WPEN, and became active in the local chapter of the Marijuana Users Association of America.[21] From 1979 he worked at National Public Radio-affiliate (NPR) WUHY until 1981 when he was asked to submit his resignation after a dispute about the requirements of objective focus in his presentation of news.[21] As a radio journalist he earned the moniker "the voice of the voiceless" and was renowned for identifying with and giving exposure to the MOVE anarcho-primitivist commune in Philadelphia's Powelton Village neighborhood, including reportage of the 1979–80 trial of certain of its members (the "MOVE Nine") charged with the murder of police officer James Ramp.[21] During his broadcasting career, his high-profile interviews included Julius Erving, Bob Marley and Alex Haley, and he was elected president of the Philadelphia Association of Black Journalists.[22]
At the time of Daniel Faulkner's murder, Abu-Jamal was working as a taxicab driver in Philadelphia two nights a week to supplement his income.[22] He had been working part-time as a reporter for WDAS,[21] then an African-American-oriented and minority-owned radio station.[23]
Arrest for murder and trial
At 3:55 AM on December 9, 1981, in Philadelphia, close to the intersection at 13th and Locust Streets, Philadelphia Police Department officer Daniel Faulkner conducted a traffic stop on a vehicle belonging to William Cook, Abu-Jamal's younger brother. During the traffic stop, Abu-Jamal's taxi was parked across the street. He ran across the street towards Cook's car, where Faulkner was shot from behind and then in the face. Abu-Jamal was shot by Faulkner in the stomach. Faulkner died at the scene from the gunshot to his head. Police arrived and arrested Abu-Jamal, who was found wearing a shoulder holster. His revolver, which had five spent cartridges, was beside him. Abu-Jamal was taken directly from the scene of the shooting to Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, where he received treatment for his wound.[24]
Abu-Jamal was charged with the first-degree murder of Officer Faulkner. The case went to trial in June 1982 in Philadelphia. Judge Albert F. Sabo initially agreed to Abu-Jamal's request to represent himself, with criminal defense attorney Anthony Jackson acting as his legal advisor. During the first day of the trial, Sabo warned Abu-Jamal that he would forfeit his legal right to self-representation if he kept being intentionally disruptive in a fashion that was unbecoming under the law. Due to Abu-Jamal's continued disruptive behavior, Sabo ruled that Abu-Jamal forfeited his right to self-representation.[25][26]
Prosecution case at trial
The prosecution presented four witnesses to the court. Robert Chobert, a cab driver who testified he was parked behind Faulkner, identified Abu-Jamal as the shooter.[27] Cynthia White, a prostitute, testified that Abu-Jamal emerged from a nearby parking lot and shot Faulkner.[28] Michael Scanlan, a motorist, testified that from two car lengths away, he saw a man, matching Abu-Jamal's description, run across the street from a parking lot and shoot Faulkner.[29] Albert Magilton, a pedestrian who did not see the actual murder, testified to witnessing Faulkner pull over Cook's car. At the point of seeing Abu-Jamal start to cross the street toward them from the parking lot, Magilton turned away and lost sight of what happened next.[30]
The prosecution also presented two witnesses who were at the hospital after the shootings. Hospital security guard Priscilla Durham and police officer Garry Bell testified that Abu-Jamal confessed in the hospital by saying, "I shot the motherfucker, and I hope the motherfucker dies."[31]
A .38 caliber Charter Arms revolver, belonging to Abu-Jamal, with five spent cartridges was retrieved beside him at the scene. He was wearing a shoulder holster, and Anthony Paul, the Supervisor of the Philadelphia Police Department's firearms identification unit, testified at trial that the cartridge cases and rifling characteristics of the weapon were consistent with bullet fragments taken from Faulkner's body.[32] Tests to confirm that Abu-Jamal had handled and fired the weapon were not performed, as contact with arresting police and other surfaces at the scene could have compromised the forensic value of such tests.[33][34]
Defense case at trial
The defense maintained that Abu-Jamal was innocent and that the prosecution witnesses were unreliable. The defense presented nine character witnesses, including poet Sonia Sanchez, who testified that Abu-Jamal was "viewed by the black community as a creative, articulate, peaceful, genial man".[35] Another defense witness, Dessie Hightower, testified that he saw a man running along the street shortly after the shooting although he did not see the actual shooting itself.[36] His testimony contributed to the development of a "running man theory", based on the possibility that a "running man" may have been the actual shooter. Veronica Jones also testified for the defense, but she did not see anyone running.[37] Other potential defense witnesses refused to appear in court.[38] Abu-Jamal did not testify in his own defense. Nor did his brother, William Cook, who told investigators at the crime scene: "I ain't got nothing to do with this."[39]
Verdict and sentence
The jury delivered a unanimous guilty verdict after three hours of deliberations.
In the sentencing phase of the trial, Abu-Jamal read to the jury from a prepared statement. He was then cross-examined about issues relevant to the assessment of his character by Joseph McGill, the prosecuting attorney.[40]
In his statement Abu-Jamal criticized his attorney as a "legal trained lawyer" who was imposed on him against his will and who "knew he was inadequate to the task and chose to follow the directions of this black-robed conspirator, Albert Sabo, even if it meant ignoring my directions". He claimed that his rights had been "deceitfully stolen" from him by Sabo, particularly focusing on the denial of his request to receive defense assistance from non-attorney John Africa and being prevented from proceeding pro se. He quoted remarks of John Africa, and said:
Does it matter whether a white man is charged with killing a black man or a black man is charged with killing a white man? As for justice when the prosecutor represents the Commonwealth the Judge represents the Commonwealth and the court-appointed lawyer is paid and supported by the Commonwealth, who follows the wishes of the defendant, the man charged with the crime? If the court-appointed lawyer ignores, or goes against the wishes of the man he is charged with representing, whose wishes does he follow? Who does he truly represent or work for? ... I am innocent of these charges that I have been charged of and convicted of and despite the connivance of Sabo, McGill and Jackson to deny me my so-called rights to represent myself, to assistance of my choice, to personally select a jury who is totally of my peers, to cross-examine witnesses, and to make both opening and closing arguments, I am still innocent of these charges.[41]
Abu-Jamal was subsequently sentenced to death by the unanimous decision of the jury.[42]
Appeals and review
State appeals
Direct appeal of his conviction was considered and denied by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania on March 6, 1989,[43] subsequently denying rehearing.[44] The Supreme Court of the United States denied his petition for writ of certiorari on October 1, 1990,[45] and denied his petition for rehearing twice up to June 10, 1991.[46][47]
On June 1, 1995, his death warrant was signed by Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge.[47] Its execution was suspended while Abu-Jamal pursued state post-conviction review. At the post-conviction review hearings, new witnesses were called. William "Dales" Singletary testified that he saw the shooting and that the gunman was the passenger in Cook's car.[48] Singletary's account contained discrepancies which rendered it "not credible" in the opinion of the court.[47][49] William Harmon, a convicted fraudster, testified that Faulkner's murderer fled in a car which pulled up at the crime scene, and could not have been Abu-Jamal.[50] However, Robert Harkins testified that he had witnessed a man stand over Faulkner as the latter lay wounded on the ground, who shot him point-blank in the face and then "walked and sat down on the curb".[51][52]
The six judges of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ruled unanimously that all issues raised by Abu-Jamal, including the claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, were without merit.[53] The Supreme Court of the United States denied a petition for certiorari against that decision on October 4, 1999, enabling Ridge to sign a second death warrant on October 13, 1999. Its execution in turn was stayed as Abu-Jamal commenced his pursuit of federal habeas corpus review.[47]
In 1999, Arnold Beverly claimed that he and an unnamed assailant, not Mumia Abu-Jamal, shot Daniel Faulkner as part of a contract killing because Faulkner was interfering with graft and payoff to corrupt police.[54] The Beverly affidavit became an item of division for Mumia's defense team, as some thought it usable and others rejected Beverly's story as "not credible".[55]
Private investigator George Newman claimed in 2001 that Chobert had recanted his testimony.[56] Commentators also noted that police and news photographs of the crime scene did not show Chobert's taxi, and that Cynthia White, the only witness at the trial to testify to seeing the taxi, had previously provided crime scene descriptions that omitted it.[57] Cynthia White was declared to be dead by the state of New Jersey in 1992 although Pamela Jenkins claimed that she saw White alive as late as 1997.[58] Mumia supporters often claim that White was a police informant and that she falsified her testimony against Abu-Jamal.[59] Priscilla Durham's step-brother, Kenneth Pate, who was imprisoned with Abu-Jamal on other charges, has since claimed that Durham admitted to not hearing the hospital confession.[60] The hospital doctors stated that Abu-Jamal was "on the verge of fainting" when brought in and they did not overhear a confession.[61] In 2008, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania rejected a further request from Abu-Jamal for a hearing into claims that the trial witnesses perjured themselves on the grounds that he had waited too long before filing the appeal.[62]
On March 26, 2012 the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania rejected his most recent appeal for retrial asserted on the basis that a 2009 report by the National Academy of Science demonstrated that forensic evidence put by the prosecution and accepted into evidence in the original trial was unreliable.[63][64] It was reported to be the former death row inmate's last legal appeal.[65]
Federal ruling directing resentencing
Abu-Jamal did not make any public statements about Faulkner's murder until May 2001. In his version of events, he claimed that he was sitting in his cab across the street when he heard shouting, then saw a police vehicle, then heard the sound of gunshots. Upon seeing his brother appearing disoriented across the street, Abu-Jamal ran to him from the parking lot and was shot by a police officer.[66] The driver originally stopped by police officer Faulkner, Abu-Jamal's brother William Cook, did not testify or make any statement until April 29, 2001, when he claimed that he had not seen who had shot Faulkner.[67]Judge William H. Yohn Jr. of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania upheld the conviction but vacated the sentence of death on December 18, 2001, citing irregularities in the original process of sentencing.[47] Particularly,
... the jury instructions and verdict sheet in this case involved an unreasonable application of federal law. The charge and verdict form created a reasonable likelihood that the jury believed it was precluded from considering any mitigating circumstance that had not been found unanimously to exist.[47]He ordered the State of Pennsylvania to commence new sentencing proceedings within 180 days[68] and ruled that it was unconstitutional to require that a jury's finding of circumstances mitigating against determining a sentence of death be unanimous.[69] Eliot Grossman and Marlene Kamish, attorneys for Abu-Jamal, criticized the ruling on the grounds that it denied the possibility of a trial de novo at which they could introduce evidence that their client had been framed.[70] Prosecutors also criticized the ruling; Officer Faulkner's widow Maureen described Abu-Jamal as a "remorseless, hate-filled killer" who would "be permitted to enjoy the pleasures that come from simply being alive" on the basis of the judgment.[71] Both parties appealed.
Federal appeal
On December 6, 2005, the Third Circuit Court admitted four issues for appeal of the ruling of the District Court:[72]
- in relation to sentencing, whether the jury verdict form had been flawed and the judge's instructions to the jury had been confusing;
- in relation to conviction and sentencing, whether racial bias in jury selection existed to an extent tending to produce an inherently biased jury and therefore an unfair trial (the Batson claim);
- in relation to conviction, whether the prosecutor improperly attempted to reduce jurors' sense of responsibility by telling them that a guilty verdict would be subsequently vetted and subject to appeal; and
- in relation to post-conviction review hearings in 1995–6, whether the presiding judge, who had also presided at the trial, demonstrated unacceptable bias in his conduct.
The Third Circuit Court heard oral arguments in the appeals on May 17, 2007, at the United States Courthouse in Philadelphia. The appeal panel consisted of Chief Judge Anthony Joseph Scirica, Judge Thomas Ambro, and Judge Robert Cowen. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania sought to reinstate the sentence of death, on the basis that Yohn's ruling was flawed, as he should have deferred to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court which had already ruled on the issue of sentencing, and the Batson claim was invalid because Abu-Jamal made no complaints during the original jury selection. Although Abu-Jamal's jury was racially mixed with 2 blacks and 10 whites at the time of his unanimous conviction, his counsel told the Third Circuit Court that Abu-Jamal did not get a fair trial because the jury was racially-biased, misinformed, the judge was a racist, and noted that the prosecution used eleven out of fourteen peremptory challenges to eliminate prospective black jurors.[73][74] Terri Maurer-Carter, a former Philadelphia court stenographer claimed in a 2001 affidavit nearly 20 years after the trial that she overheard Judge Sabo say "Yeah, and I'm going to help them fry the nigger" in the course of a conversation with three people present regarding Abu-Jamal's case.[75] Sabo denied having made any such comment.[76]
On March 27, 2008, the three-judge panel issued a majority 2–1 opinion upholding Yohn's 2001 opinion but rejecting the bias and Batson claims, with Judge Ambro dissenting on the Batson issue. On July 22, 2008, Abu-Jamal's formal petition seeking reconsideration of the decision by the full Third Circuit panel of 12 judges was denied.[77] On April 6, 2009, the United States Supreme Court also refused to hear Abu-Jamal's appeal, allowing his conviction to stand.[78] On January 19, 2010, the Supreme Court ordered the appeals court to reconsider its decision to rescind the death penalty,[79][80] with the same three-judge panel convening in Philadelphia on November 9, 2010, to hear oral argument.[81][82] On April 26, 2011, the Third Circuit Court of Appeals reaffirmed its prior decision to vacate the death sentence on the grounds that the jury instructions and verdict form were ambiguous and confusing.[83] The Supreme Court declined to hear the case in October.[84]
Death penalty dropped
On December 7, 2011, District Attorney of Philadelphia R. Seth Williams announced that prosecutors, with the support of the victim's family, would no longer seek the death penalty for Abu-Jamal.[85][86] Faulkner had indicated she did not wish to relive the trauma of another trial, and that it would be extremely difficult to present the case against Abu-Jamal again, after the passage of 30 years and the death of several key witnesses. Williams, the prosecutor, said that Abu-Jamal will spend the rest of his life in prison without the possibility of parole,[87] a sentence that was reaffirmed by the Superior Court of Pennsylvania on July 9, 2013.[88] After the press conference, Maureen Faulkner made an emotional statement harshly condemning Abu-Jamal:
I would like to say that I believe the lowest dimension of hell has been reserved for child molesters and unrepentant murderers, like Mumia Abu-Jamal. After thirty years of waiting, the time remaining before Abu-Jamal stands before his ultimate judge. It doesn't seem so far off as it once did when I was younger. I look forward to that day so I can finally close the chapter of my life and live with the gratification and assurance that Mumia Abu-Jamal will finally receive the punishment he deserves, for all eternity.[89]
Life as a prisoner
In 1991 Abu-Jamal published an essay in the Yale Law Journal, on the death penalty and his death row experience.[90] In May 1994, Abu-Jamal was engaged by National Public Radio's All Things Considered program to deliver a series of monthly three-minute commentaries on crime and punishment.[91] The broadcast plans and commercial arrangement were canceled following condemnations from, among others, the Fraternal Order of Police[92] and US Senator Bob Dole (Kansas Republican Party).[93] Abu-Jamal sued NPR for not airing his work, but a federal judge dismissed the suit.[94] The commentaries later appeared in print in May 1995 as part of Live from Death Row.[95]
In 1999, he was invited to record a keynote address for the graduating class at The Evergreen State College. The event was protested by some.[96] In 2000, he recorded a commencement address for Antioch College.[97] The now defunct New College of California School of Law presented him with an honorary degree "for his struggle to resist the death penalty".[98] On October 5, 2014, he gave the commencement speech at Goddard College, via playback of a recording.[99] As before, the choice of Abu-Jamal was controversial.[100]
With occasional interruptions due to prison disciplinary actions, Abu-Jamal has for many years been a regular commentator on an online broadcast, sponsored by Prison Radio,[101] as well as a regular columnist for Junge Welt, a Marxist newspaper in Germany. In 1995, he was punished with solitary confinement for engaging in entrepreneurship contrary to prison regulations. Subsequent to the airing of the 1996 HBO documentary Mumia Abu-Jamal: A Case For Reasonable Doubt?, which included footage from visitation interviews conducted with him, the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections acted to ban outsiders from using any recording equipment in state prisons.[20] In litigation before the US Court of Appeals in 1998 he successfully established his right to write for financial gain in prison. The same litigation also established that the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections had illegally opened his mail in an attempt to establish whether he was writing for financial gain.[102] When, for a brief time in August 1999, he began delivering his radio commentaries live on the Pacifica Network's Democracy Now! weekday radio newsmagazine, prison staff severed the connecting wires of his telephone from their mounting in mid-performance.[20] He was later allowed to resume his broadcasts, and hundreds of his broadcasts have been aired on Pacifica Radio.[103]
His publications include Death Blossoms: Reflections from a Prisoner of Conscience, in which he explores religious themes, All Things Censored, a political critique examining issues of crime and punishment, Live From Death Row, a diary of life on Pennsylvania's death row, and We Want Freedom: A Life in the Black Panther Party, which is a history of the Black Panthers drawing on autobiographical material.
At the end of January 2012 he was released into general prison population at State Correctional Institution – Mahanoy.[104]
Popular support and opposition
Labor unions,[105][106][107] politicians,[4] advocates,[108] educators,[109] the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund,[19] and human rights advocacy organizations such as Human Rights Watch[110] and Amnesty International have expressed concern about the impartiality of the trial of Abu-Jamal,[2] though Amnesty International neither takes a position on the guilt or innocence of Abu-Jamal nor classifies him as a political prisoner.[2] They are opposed by the family of Daniel Faulkner, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the City of Philadelphia,[111] Republican politicians,[111][112] and the Fraternal Order of Police.[113] In August 1999, the Fraternal Order of Police called for an economic boycott against all individuals and organizations that support Abu-Jamal.[114]
Abu-Jamal has been made an honorary citizen of about 25 cities around the world, including Montreal, Palermo, and Paris.[111][115] It is a widespread misunderstanding that he was made an honorary citizen of Copenhagen. The city of Copenhagen has officially denied this. In 2001, he received the sixth biennial Erich Mühsam Prize, named after an anarcho-communist essayist, which recognizes activism in line with that of its namesake.[116] In October 2002, he was made an honorary member of the German political organization Society of People Persecuted by the Nazi Regime – Federation of Anti-Fascists (VVN-BdA)[117] which Germany's Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution has considered to be influenced by left-wing extremism.[118]
On April 29, 2006, a newly paved road in the Parisian suburb of Saint-Denis was named Rue Mumia Abu-Jamal in his honor.[119] In protest of the street-naming, US Congressman Michael Fitzpatrick and Senator Rick Santorum, both members of the Republican Party of Pennsylvania, introduced resolutions in both Houses of Congress condemning the decision.[120][121] The House of Representatives voted 368–31 in favor of Fitzpatrick's resolution.[122] In December 2006, the 25th anniversary of the murder, the executive committee of the Republican Party for the 59th Ward of the City of Philadelphia—covering approximately Germantown, Philadelphia—filed two criminal complaints in the French legal system against the city of Paris and the city of Saint-Denis, accusing the municipalities of "glorifying" Abu-Jamal and alleging the offense "apology or denial of crime" in respect of their actions.[111][112]
In 2007, the widow of Officer Faulkner coauthored a book with Philadelphia radio journalist Michael Smerconish entitled Murdered by Mumia: A Life Sentence of Pain, Loss, and Injustice.[124] The book was part memoir of Faulkner's widow, part discussion in which they chronicled Abu-Jamal's trial and discussed evidence for his conviction, and part discussion on supporting the death penalty.[125] J. Patrick O'Connor, editor and publisher of crimemagazine.com, argues in his book The Framing of Mumia Abu-Jamal that the preponderance of evidence establishes that it was not Abu-Jamal but a passenger in Abu-Jamal's brother's car, Kenneth Freeman, who killed Faulkner, and that the Philadelphia Police Department and District Attorney's Office framed Abu-Jamal.[126] His book was criticized in the American Thinker as "replete with selective use of testimony, distortions, unsubstantiated charges, and a theory that has failed Abu-Jamal in the past."[127]
In 2009, Radio host Rush Limbaugh professed no doubt about Abu-Jamal's guilt, calling him a "notorious Philadelphia murderer".[128]
In 2010, investigative journalists Dave Lindorff and Linn Washington reproduced the shooting in tests that produced results they claimed were inconsistent with the case against Abu-Jamal; according to them, shots that missed Faulkner should have produced marks visible on the pavement. An expert photo analyst found no such marks visible in the highest-quality photo of the part of the crime scene where the body was found.[57] A ballistics expert medical examiner said the idea that police could have failed to recognise such marks at the crime scene was "absolute nonsense".[57] Abu-Jamal's lawyer said that the results constituted "extraordinarily important new evidence that establishes clearly that the prosecutor and the Philadelphia Police Department were engaged in presenting knowingly false testimony".[57]
In early 2014, President Barack Obama nominated Debo P. Adegbile, a former lawyer for the NAACP who worked on Abu-Jamal's case, to head the civil rights division of the Justice Department, but the nomination was rejected by the U.S. Senate on a bipartisan basis because of Adegbile's prior public support of Abu-Jamal.[129]
In April 10, 2015 Marilyn Zuniga, a teacher at Forest Street Elementary School in Orange, New Jersey, was suspended without pay after asking her students to write letters to Abu-Jamal, who fell ill in prison due to complications from diabetes, without approval from the school or parents. Some parents and police leaders denounced her actions.[130] On the other hand community members, parents, teachers, and professors expressed their support and condemned Zuniga's suspension.[131] Scholars and educators nationwide including Noam Chomsky, Chris Hedges and Cornel West among others signed a letter calling for her immediate reinstatement.[132]
On May 13, 2015 The Orange Preparatory Academy board voted to dismiss Marylin Zuniga after hearing from her and several of her supporters. [133]
Written works
- Writing on the Wall: Selected Prison Writings of Mumia Abu-Jamal City Lights Publishers (2015) ISBN 978-0872866751
- The Classroom and the Cell: Conversations on Black Life in America Third World Press (2011) ISBN 978-0883783375
- Jailhouse Lawyers: Prisoners Defending Prisoners V. The U.S.A City Lights Publishers (2009) ISBN 978-0872864696
- We Want Freedom: A Life In The Black Panther Party South End Press (2008) ISBN 978-0896087187
- Faith Of Our Fathers: An Examination Of The Spiritual Life Of African And African-American People Africa World Pr (2003) ISBN 978-1592210190
- All Things Censored Seven Stories Press (2000) ISBN 978-1583220221
- Death Blossoms: Reflections From A Prisoner Of Conscience Plough Publishing House (1997) ISBN 978-0874860863
- Live from Death Row Harper Perennial (1996) ISBN 978-0380727667
See also
- In Prison My Whole Life – 2008 documentary film
- List of United States death row inmates
- ^ Smith, Laura (October 27, 2007). "'I spend my days preparing for life, not for death'". The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ a b c "A Life in the Balance: The Case of Mumia Abu-Jamal". Amnesty International. February 17, 2000. Archived from the original on December 1, 2008. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
- ^ Taylor Jr., Stuart (December 1, 1995). "Guilty and Framed". The American Lawyer. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
- ^ a b "European Parliament resolution 9(f) B4-1170/95 (p. 39 of original, 49 of pdf)" (PDF). European Parliament. September 21, 1995. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 13, 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Rimer, Sara (December 19, 2001). "Death Sentence Overturned In 1981 Killing of Officer". <span />The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
- ^ a b Burroughs, Todd Steven (2004). "Prologue: Joining the Party". Ready to Party: Mumia Abu-Jamal and the Black Panther Party. The College of New Jersey. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Abu-Jamal, Mumia (February 7, 2003). "Question for Mumia: Tell Me About Your Name". Mumia Abu-Jamal Radio Broadcast. Prison Radio. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
- ^ a b Burroughs, Todd Steven (2004). "Part IV: Leaving the Party". Ready to Party: Mumia Abu-Jamal and the Black Panther Party. The College of New Jersey. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Bisson, p.119 quoted at "The Religious Affiliation of Mumia Abu-Jamal". Adherents.com. September 3, 2005. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Burroughs, Todd Steven (December 2001). "Mumia Abu-Jamal's Family Faces Future While Fighting Fear 20th Anniversary of 1981 Shooting Approaches". NNPA News Service. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
- ^ a b Phelps, Christopher. "Abu-Jamal, Mumia". African American National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
- ^ See ages given in: Vann, Bill (April 27, 1999). "Tens of thousands rally in Philadelphia for political prisoner Mumia Abu-Jamal". World Socialist Web Site news. International Committee of the Fourth International. Retrieved 2008-01-22. and Erard, Michael (July 4, 2003). "A Radical in the Family". The Texas Observer. Archived from the original on 2007-12-19. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Abu-Jamal, Mumia (1996). Live From Death Row. New York: Harper Perennial. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-380-72766-7.
- ^ Abu Jamal, Mumia (2004). We Want Freedom: A Life in the Black Panther Party. Cambridge, Mass.: South End Press. ISBN 0896087182.
- ^ a b Burroughs, Todd Steven (2004). "Part I: "Do Something, Nigger!"". Ready to Party: Mumia Abu-Jamal and the Black Panther Party. The College of New Jersey. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Burroughs, Todd Steven (2004). "Epilogue: The Barrel of a Gun". Ready to Party: Mumia Abu-Jamal and the Black Panther Party. The College of New Jersey. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Burroughs, Todd Steven (2004). "Part II: The Party in Philadelphia". Ready to Party: Mumia Abu-Jamal and the Black Panther Party. The College of New Jersey. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Burroughs, Todd Steven (2004). "Part III: 'Armed and Dangerous': Tracked by the FBI". Ready to Party: Mumia Abu-Jamal and the Black Panther Party. The College of New Jersey. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ a b c d Shaw, Theodore M.; Chachkin, Norman J.; Swarns, Christina A. (July 27, 2007). "Brief of amicus curiae" (PDF). Mumia Abu-Jamal v. Martin Horn, Pennsylvania Director of Corrections, et al. NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 2, 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ a b c Burroughs, Todd Steven (September 1, 2004). "Mumia's voice: confined to Pennsylvania's death row, Mumia Abu-Jamal remains at the center of debate as he continues to write and options to appeal his police murder conviction dwindle". Black Issues Book Review. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
- ^ a b c d e Johnson, Terry E; Hobbs, Michael A (December 10, 1981). "The Suspect – One Who Raised His Voice". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 2, 2007.
- ^ a b O'Connor, The Framing of Mumia Abu-Jamal, pp. 54–55
- ^ "Philadelphia AM Radio History". Radio-History.com. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Trial and Post-Conviction Relief Act (PCRA) hearing transcripts" (PDF). Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Trial transcript §1.72–§1.73". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, Criminal Trial Division. June 17, 1982. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Commonwealth v. Abu-Jamal, Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas, First Judicial District, Philadelphia, Case Nos. 1357–59.
- ^ "Trial transcript §3.210–§3.211". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, Criminal Trial Division. June 19, 1982. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Trial transcript pp.94–95". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, Criminal Trial Division. June 21, 1982. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Trial transcript pp.5–75". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, Criminal Trial Division. June 25, 1982. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Trial transcript pp.75 ff.". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, Criminal Trial Division. June 25, 1982. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Trial transcript pp.29, 31, 34, 137, 162 and 164". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, Criminal Trial Division. June 24, 1982. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Trial transcript p.169". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, Criminal Trial Division. June 23, 1982. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Prosecution expert witness Charles Tumosa said such tests were "unreliable...It doesn't work if you grab a piece of metal like this or put your hand on a car or touch a firearm or touch a person who has touched a firearm or if you put your hand on the clean city streets or whatever." "Trial transcript, pp.57–61". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Criminal Trial Division. June 26, 1982. Retrieved 2010-06-15.
- ^ Defence expert witness George Fassnacht said "I don't know where he was grasped, but if you are saying that they had contacted his hands, particularly where a great deal of pressure was applied, they could have very well destroyed traces of powder residue if in fact such did exist. That is a possibility." "PCRA hearing transcript, pp.118–122". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Criminal Trial Division. August 2, 1995. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Trial transcript p.19". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, Criminal Trial Division. June 30, 1982. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Trial transcript p.127". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, Criminal Trial Division. June 28, 1982. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Trial transcript pp.99–100". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County, Criminal Trial Division. June 29, 1982. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Post-Trial Motions transcript p.29". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Criminal Trial Division. May 25, 1983. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Lopez, Steve (July 23, 2000). "Wrong Guy, Good Cause". Time Magazine. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ^ "Trial transcript, pp.3–34". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia Criminal Trial Division. July 3, 1982. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Trial transcript, pp.10–16". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia Criminal Trial Division. July 3, 1982. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Trial transcript, pp.100–103". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia Criminal Trial Division. July 3, 1982. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Pennsylvania v. Abu-Jamal, 555 A.2d 846 (1989).
- ^ Pennsylvania v. Abu-Jamal, 569 A.2d 915 (1990).
- ^ Abu-Jamal v. Pennsylvania, 498 U.S. 881 (1990).
- ^ Abu-Jamal v. Pennsylvania, 501 U.S. 1214 (1991).
- ^ a b c d e f Yohn, William H., Jr. (December 2001). "Memorandum and Order" (PDF). Mumia Abu-Jamal, Petitioner, vs. Martin Horn, Commissioner, Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, et al., Respondents. US District Court for the Eastern District of Philadelphia. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "PCRA hearing transcript pp.204 ff.". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Criminal Trial Division. August 11, 1995. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "PCRA hearing transcript pp.16 ff.". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Criminal Trial Division. August 14, 1995. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
- ^ "PCRA hearing transcript pp.45 ff.". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of Common Pleas, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Criminal Trial Division. August 10, 1995. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "PCRA hearing transcript". Commonwealth vs. Mumia Abu-Jamal aka Wesley Cook. Court of the Common Pleas, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Criminal Trials Division. August 2, 1995. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Faulkner, Maureen (December 8–14, 1999). "Running From The Truth". The Village Voice. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Pennsylvania v. Abu-Jamal, 720 A.2d 79 (1998).
- ^ Beverly, Arnold (June 8, 1999). "Affidavit of Arnold Beverly". Justice for Police Officer Daniel Faulkner. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ Lindorff, Dave (June 15, 2001). "Mumia's all-or-nothing gamble". Salon.com. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
- ^ Newman, George Michael (September 25, 2001). "Affidavit of George Michael Newman" (RDF). Labor Action Committee to Free Mumia Abu-Jamal. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Dave Lindorff and Linn Washington, Jr, CounterPunch, 20 September 2010, Sidewalk Murder Scene Should Have Displayed Vivid Bullet Impact Marks
- ^ "PCRA hearing transcript p.144". Court of Common Pleas, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Criminal Trial Division. June 26, 1997. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Williams, Yvette (January 28, 2002). "Declaration of Yvette Williams". Free Mumia Coalition. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Pate, Kenneth (April 18, 2003). "Declaration of Kenneth Pate". Free Mumia Coalition. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Amnesty International The Case of Mumia Abu-Jamal: A Life in the Balance Seven Stories Press 2000 ISBN 158322081X p.25
- ^ Lounsberry, Emilie (February 20, 2008). "Pa. court rebuffs Abu-Jamal on bid for perjury hearing". The Philadelphia Inquirer: B03.
- ^ "Abu-Jamal Loses His Final Appeal". Associated Press. April 4, 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-16.
- ^ "Order of Judgment by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, Eastern District, in Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v Mumia Abu-Jamal [J-44-2010]" (PDF). Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. March 26, 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-16.
- ^ "Pa. Supreme Court rejects Mumia Abu-Jamal's last appeal". WPVI TV (abclocal.go.com). April 3, 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-27.
- ^ Abu-Jamal, Mumia (May 4, 2001). "Declaration of Mumia Abu-Jamal". Justice for Police Officer Daniel Faulkner. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ Cook, William (April 29, 2001). "Declaration of William Cook". Free Mumia Coalition. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ "Abu-Jamal's death sentence overturned". BBC News. December 18, 2001. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ See p.70 of the July 2006 appeal brief for Abu-Jamal before the US Court of Appeal citing Yohn's ruling in the US District Court, the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and the United States Supreme Court precedent of Mills v. Maryland, 486 U.S. 367 (1988)
- ^ Piette, Betsey (March 6, 2003). "Mumia still waiting for due process". International Concerned Family and Friends of Mumia Abu-Jamal. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Rimer, Sara (December 19, 2001). "Death sentence overturned in 1981 killing of officer". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Lindorff, Dave (December 8, 2005). "A victory for Mumia". Salon.com. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "10 Facts about the Mumia Abu-Jamal Case". The Feminist Wire.
- ^ Duffy, Shannon P. (May 18, 2007). "Spectators Pack Courtroom as 3rd Circuit Hears Appeal in Mumia Abu-Jamal Case". The Legal Intelligencer. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Maurer-Carter, Terri (August 21, 2001). "Declaration of Terri Maurer-Carter". Free Mumia Coalition. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Conroy, Theresa (September 4, 2001). "She's 'scared' by impact of her allegation – Says Mumia judge made a racist remark". Philadelphia Daily News.
- ^ "Sur Petition for Rehearing Abu-Jamal v. Horn et al." (PDF). United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. July 22, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
- ^ "Supreme Court lets Mumia Abu-Jamal's conviction stand". CNN. April 6, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
- ^ "U.S. court sends back Abu-Jamal death penalty case". Reuters.com. January 19, 2010.
- ^ "''Jeffrey A. Beard, Secretary, Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, et al. v. Mumia Abu-Jamal, case no. 01-9014''". Supremecourt.gov. Retrieved 2011-12-01.
- ^ Lindorff, Dave (November 10, 2010). "Mumia: New Lawyer, New Round". Counterpunch.org. Retrieved 2010-12-27.
- ^ Audio recording of oral arguments in Abu-Jamal v Beard before US 3rd Circuit Court of Appeal at Philadelphia on 9 November 2010.
- ^ Dale, Maryclaire (April 26, 2011). "Mumia Abu-Jamal Granted New Sentencing Hearing". NBC. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
- ^ "Execution Case Dropped Against Abu-Jamal". nytimes.com. NY Times. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
- ^ "Death Penalty Dropped Against Mumia Abu-Jamal". Associated Press (NPR). December 7, 2011.
- ^ "D.A.: Abu-Jamal can go rot in cell". philly.com. December 8, 2011.
- ^ Williams, Timothy (December 7, 2011). "Execution Case Dropped Against Abu-Jamal". New York Times. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
- ^ Decision of Appeal upon Judgment of Sentence in Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v Mumia Abu-Jamal, Superior Court of Pennsylvania (July 9, 2013)
- ^ "Widow's Message to Mumia Abu-Jamal". http://www.nbcphiladelphia.com. NBC News. December 7, 2011. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
- ^ 100 Yale L.J. 993 (1990–1991), "Teetering on the Brink: Between Death and Life"; Abu-Jamal, Mumia
- ^ Carter, Kevin L (May 16, 1994). "A voice of Death Row to be heard on NPR". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Carter, Kevin L (May 17, 1994). "Inmate's broadcasts canceled". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Mumia Abu-Jamal Sues NPR, Claiming Censorship". Court TV. March 26, 1996. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Judge Dismisses Inmate's Suit Against NPR". The Washington Post. 22 August 1997.
- ^ "Inmate's commentaries, dropped by NPR, will appear in print". The Philadelphia Inquirer. March 6, 1995. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Mumia Abu-Jamal to Speak at College Graduation Ceremonies" (Press release). Peter Bohmer of Evergreen State College, Washington. May 26, 1999. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Reynolds, Mark (June 2, 2004). "Whatever Happened to Mumia Abu-Jamal?". PopMatters. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Honorary Degrees". New College of California School of Law. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Mumia Abu-Jamal to Give Commencement Speech at Goddard College". Retrieved 2014-10-11.
- ^ "Why a commencement speaker at Goddard College is fueling national headlines". Retrieved 2014-10-11.
- ^ Abu-Jamal, Mumia. "Mumia Abu-Jamal's Radio Broadcasts – essay transcripts and archived mp3". PrisonRadio.org. Archived from the original on 2007-10-27. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (August 25, 1998). "Opinion in Mumia Abu-Jamal v. James Price, Martin Horn, and Thomas Fulcomer, No. 96-3756" (TXT). Villanova University School of Law. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Burroughs, Todd Steven (2009) "Abu-Jamal, Mumia" in Encyclopedia of African American History, volume 1, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-516779-5, page 6
- ^ Kummer, Frank (2012-01-29). "Abu-Jamal moved into general prison population for first time". Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 2012-04-26.
- ^ "San Francisco ILWU Local 10 Executive Board Resolution – Support for April 24, 1999 demonstrations in favor of the cause of Mumia Abu-Jamal (also describing support of other named labor union groups)" (Press release). ILWU. February 9, 1999. Archived from the original on 2009-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Service Employees International Union (SEIU) voted without dissent to demand justice for Mumia Abu-Jamal" (Press release). International Convention of the SEIU. 1999. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Formal resolution "support(ing) a new, fair trial for activist Mumia Abu-Jamal"" (Press release). APWU. July 26, 2000. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
- ^ Elijah, Jill Soffiyah (July 26, 2006). "Brief of Amici Curiae National Lawyers Guild, National Conference of Black Lawyers, International Association of Democratic Lawyers et al. in support of Mumia Abu-Jamal in the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit" (PDF). National Lawyers Guild. Retrieved 2011-02-15.
- ^ "Educators for Mumia Abu-Jamal website". Educators for Mumia Abu-Jamal. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Human Rights Watch (1996). "United States 1996 country report – citing advocacy on behalf of Mumia Abu-Jamal to the Governor of Pennsylvania and the Superintendent of Waynesburg State Correctional Institution in 1995". From World Report 1996. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ a b c d Ceïbe, Cathy (November 13, 2006). "USA Sues Paris: From Death Row, Mumia Stirs Up More Controversy". Patrick Bolland (translator). L'Humanité. Archived from the original on 2009-06-07. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ a b "59th Republican Ward Executive Committee Files Criminal Charges Against Cities of Paris and Suburb for 'Glorifying' Infamous Philadelphia Cop-Killer". 59th Republican Ward Executive Committee – City of Philadelphia. December 11, 2006. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-26.
- ^ "The Danny Faulkner Story – Related Information". Fraternal Order of Police. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "FOP attacks supporters of convicted cop killer" (Press release). Fraternal Order of Police. August 11, 1999. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ O'Connor, J. Patrick, The Framing of Mumia Abu-Jamal, page 199
- ^ "Chief page for the prize at the Web site of the Erich Mühsam Society (in German)". Erich-muehsam-gesellschaft.de. Retrieved 2011-12-01.
- ^ "With United Power Forward" (in German). junge Welt. October 7, 2002. Retrieved 2011-02-15.
- ^ "Annual Report on the Protection of the Constitution 2005" (PDF). Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution. 2006. p. 168. Retrieved 2010-09-26.
- ^ Simons, Stefan (June 29, 2006). "Paris Street for Mumia Abu-Jamal Sparks Trans-Atlantic Row". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "HR 407, 109th US Congress". GovTrack.us. May 19, 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "SR 102, 109th US Congress". GovTrack.us. June 15, 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "HR 1082, 109th US Congress". GovTrack.us. December 6, 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ "Justice For Daniel Faulkner T-Shirts". danielfaulkner.com. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- ^ Celizic, Mike (December 6, 2007). "Officer's widow speaks out on Mumia case". Today. MSNBC. Retrieved July 18, 2011.
- ^ Faulkner, Maureen; Smerconish, Michael A. (2007). Murdered by Mumia: A Life Sentence of Loss, Pain, and Injustice. Lyons Press. ISBN 1-59921-376-1.
- ^ Review in Independent Publishers Group of The Framing of Mumia Abu-Jamal May, 2008.
- ^ Wickham Jr, Henry P. (May 17, 2008). "Mumia Abu-Jamal: Still Guilty!". American Thinker.
- ^ "The Killers & Kooks of Earth Day". rushlimbaugh.com. Rush Limbaugh. Retrieved 2015-04-19.
- ^ Weisman, Jonathan. "Senate Rejects Obama Nominee Linked to Abu-Jamal Case". New York Times. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ Rachelle Blidner (11 April 2015). "New Jersey teacher suspended after third-graders write get-well cards to convicted cop killer Mumia Abu-Jamal". nydailynews.com. New York Daily News. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ Donna Nevel (22 April 2015). "Putting Our Children First: Teacher Marylin Zuniga Should Be Back in Her Classroom". huffingtonpost.com. The Huffington Post. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ "Scholars and Educators in Support of Marylin Zuniga" (Letter to Dwayne D. Warren, Esq., Mayor of Orange, NJ Ronald Lee, Patricia A. Arthur, Jeffrey Wingfield, Abdul Shabazz Ashanti, E. Lydell Carter, Paula Desormes, Marion Graves-Jackson and Cristina Mateo) (in English). 12 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ Bill Wichert (13 May 2015). "N.J. teacher fired over students' 'get well' letters to convicted cop killer". NJ.com. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mumia Abu-Jamal.
|Wikiquote has quotations related to: Mumia Abu-Jamal
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- 1996 video of death row visitation interview with Mumia Abu-Jamal
- Competing Films Offer Differing Views – video report by Democracy Now!
- Mumia: Long Distance Revolutionary – 2012 documentary film
Supporter websites
Opponent websites
- Fraternal Order of Police news, press releases, and communications relating to Mumia Abu-Jamal
- Daniel Faulkner
- Justice for Daniel Faulkner
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text:
Cole & Mason Oslo Salt & Pepper Mills
These sleek and handsome mills deliver precisely ground salt and pepper to your exact specifications – from a light dusting to crumb-sized granules.
- Grinds salt and pepper using precision grinding mechanisms.
- Pepper mill has a long-wearing hardened-carbon-steel grinding mechanism.
- Salt mill employs a durable, noncorrosive ceramic grinding mechanism.
- Sleek brushed-stainless-steel and acrylic housing.
- Clear acrylic reservoir makes it easy to grab the right seasoning at a glance.
- Mills come prefilled with salt crystals and whole peppercorns.
- A Williams Sonoma exclusive.
Dimensions & More Info
- 7 1/4" high.
- Made in China.
Use & Care
- Do not use with rock salt or sea salt flakes.
- Use only black, white or mixed peppercorns in pepper mill; not suitable for green and pink peppercorns.
- Wipe exterior clean with a damp cloth.
Shipping Information
This item is shipped from our warehouse by UPS to arrive within 3-5 business days of our receiving your order.
Shipping Rates
The shipping rate varies depending on your order total and shipping destination. View Shipping Options and Charges.
Next Day Delivery
For an additional charge of $26 per address, we can expedite delivery to most destinations. This service is not available for some oversize items, items shipped directly from the supplier (including perishable and custom-manufactured items), out-of-stock items and items to be shipped outside the contiguous 48 states.
Orders received by 9:00 p.m., Eastern time, Monday through Thursday will arrive the next business day; orders placed Friday through Sunday will arrive on the following Tuesday.
Return Policy
At Williams Sonoma, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. Attention to design, materials, safety and construction are our priority. Upon receipt, please inspect your purchase and notify us of any damage; we will arrange for a prompt replacement.
If within 30 days, you are dissatisfied for any reason, you may return your purchase for a refund of the merchandise value. An original receipt or gift receipt is required for all returns and exchanges. Returns with a gift receipt will be refunded in the form of a Merchandise Credit for the amount indicated on the gift receipt. Returns with original receipt will be refunded in the original form of payment, cash and check refunds over $100 will be issued as a company check (may take 14 business days from time of request).
For all cutlery returns (knife sets, single knives, cutting boards, knife sharpeners, and knife storage) please contact us at 888.922.4108 to initiate the return.
We cannot accept returns on monogrammed, personalized, special-order items, custom upholstery, food, items shipped direct from the vendor, or on items damaged through normal wear and tear. Final sale items ending in .97 or .99 cannot be returned.
For returns of items purchased from your Williams Sonoma Gift Registry, we will gladly provide a refund or exchange for the merchandise within 90 days of your event or within 90 days of purchase, whichever date is later. View Full Returns Policy.
Cole & Mason Oslo Salt & Pepper Mills
|Delivery Surcharge
|Cole & Mason Oslo Salt & Pepper Mills

subset: commoncrawl


text:
AICR's summer version of Red velvet cake (no baking and technically, no cake) is cool, sweet and beautiful. And it has an added benefit – it's cancer-protective.
Watermelon is one of the foods rich in lycopene – a potent antioxidant – and AICR's expert report list these as foods that probably protect against prostate cancer.
This no-bake cake is gluten-free and perfect for those looking to satisfy their sweet tooth with a tasty, low calorie dessert.
No-Bake Watermelon Cake
- 1/3 cup whipping cream
- 12 oz. non-fat plain Greek yogurt
- 2 Tbsp. reduced-fat cream cheese
- 2 Tbsp. granulated sugar
- 1 tsp. lemon juice
- 1 medium seedless watermelon, well-chilled
- Blackberries, kiwi slices, red raspberries, for garnish
Pour whipping cream in small mixing bowl and chill in refrigerator for about 10 to 20 minutes. (Cream is easier to whip when cold.) Meanwhile, in medium mixing bowl, mix together yogurt and cream cheese.
When cream is chilled, add sugar to cream and whip with whisk or electric mixer until moderately stiff peaks form. (Be careful not to overbeat, as too much whipping will turn cream to butter.)
Add whipped cream and lemon juice to yogurt/cheese mixture. Chill.
Slice off both ends to make a flat top and bottom on your melon. Set melon on one flat end and carve rind off sides to make a round, cake-shaped melon.
Place melon cake on serving plate and frost top and sides with chilled icing.
Decorate with fruit on top and around the bottom. Keep well chilled until serving.
Makes 10 servings
Per serving: 150 calories, 4 g fat (2 g saturated fat), 26 g carbohydrate,
5 g protein, 30 mg sodium, 1 g fiber


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The Baker's Dozen Portraits are currently being featured in "The Bike Project: A Visual, Literary, and Cinematic Celebration" at the Rouse Company Foundation Gallery at Howard County Community College in Columbia, MD. The show runs from October 8th to November 15th, with a reception on October 24th from 5-7 pm.
I should have blogged about this sooner, but I'm barely keeping up with anything these days. We'll be up at the reception on the 24th, so stop by and hello if you're there. I haven't been able to make it up to Columbia since i dropped the Bakers Dozen prints off a couple of weeks ago, so I can't wait to see the rest of the show. From the pictures I've seen, Becky has done a great job putting it together.


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Bill Clinton Digs In to Speed Haiti's Recovery
Ex-POTUS tours capital, describes recovery in exclusive "Nightline" interview.
Feb. 5, 2010 -- The numbers in Haiti following the Jan. 12 earthquake are staggering: An estimated 3 million people displaced and as many as 140,000 dead. International pledges to answer the emergency have grown to more than $800 million.
Into the middle of it all has stepped former President Bill Clinton. The former president has served this past year as the United Nations Special Envoy for Haiti. This week, at the request of the secretary general of the United Nations, he took on a new role: coordinating all international quake assistance.
"Nightline" accompanied Clinton on his second visit to Haiti since the earthquake, as he met with Haitian leaders, visited Gheskio clinic in Port-au-Prince and delivered essential supplies. In a series of exclusive interviews, the former president discussed details of the recovery effort, the status of U.S. missionaries arrested on kidnapping charges earlier this week and more.
Our day started in a helicopter in the Dominican Republic. An hour-and-a-half later, we neared the Haitian capital, Port-au-Prince. The Hotel Montana, the site of both enormous destruction and stunning rescues, came into view. By now the devastation to the capital is evident everywhere.
We arrived at Port au Prince airport just in time to see the president's plane descend.
Even before Clinton disembarked, boxes of aid start to be offloaded. This was a working trip for Bill Clinton. The plane was packed with supplies, including 1,900 pounds of medical supplies, tents, protein bars, generators ... and 50 laptops earmarked for the Haitian government to get itself back and functioning.
The president stepped off the plane and made some quick hellos to local dignitaries. And then it was off to his first meeting of the day, with Haitian President Rene Preval.
The meeting was held at the police headquarters -- or what's left of it. It now serves as the seat of government. There was a protest outside, local telecom workers calling for the arrest of Preval. The mood grew tense, until the crowd was dispersed with tear gas.
The headquarters where Clinton met Preval is also the location where the 10 Americans accused of kidnapping Haitian children were being held. The Americans were whisked away about a half hour before the former president's arrival.
The 10 defendants had a court date, it turned out ... conveniently timed to avoid any overlap with Clinton.
Clinton spoke to Preval and assembled government officials.
"First I'm glad you all survived, I believe that you have a done a remarkable job, and the people on the ground have done an amazing job," Clinton said. "You lost a lot of people in your agencies, and under the circumstances you have a done a great job."
The former president offered personal condolences to a minister who had lost a son.
'They All Survived'
There is no question the former president sees this as an opportunity buried inside the curse of an earthquake, an opportunity that comes within some decisions that need to be made now. "Build back better" has become the catchphrase.
"Nightline" spoke with Clinton directly after the government meeting.
"It was good," Clinton said.
He said Haiti still has a functioning government.
"Yes, you heard, they all survived," Clinton said. "But they have, they lost all their office space, as you can see." Clinton's new "leadership role," heading up and coordinating international relief, is a formidable one.
"We've still got formidable challenges to house everybody, to deal with sanitary conditions, get enough distribution centers for food," the former president said. "But I think they're really thinking about how they want this to work out in the long run. That's what we talked about a lot today. Make a list of everything you want done today. Where do you want the country to be in a decade?
"You have to decide. I can't do anything really until you make those two decisions. I can help fill in the blanks, and raise money and all that. I think they sense the earthquake has given them an enormous opportunity and an enormous responsibility. There are a lot of talented people in that room. I think they can do it."
In light of his new, expanded role, we asked Clinton if he was going to be running the country.
"No. That's important," he emphasized. "Over time Haiti has been through being abused and exploited by its neighbors, and being ignored, and then being helped in a way that was not designed to enable them to stand on their own two feet and help themselves. We don't want any of those things."
What Clinton does want is a working infrastructure -- and that seems far off. Tent cities and shantytowns stretch along roads carrying aid convoys.
'A Proven Track Record'
Our next stop was Gheskio Hospital. Haiti has the highest AIDS infection rate in the Western hemisphere, and this was the country's first AIDS clinic. It was also the first recipient of any money from the Clinton foundation. It was an emotional visit for the former president.
Today, the hospital is broken, but surviving. Patients receive remarkable care. But the signs of the quake are everywhere, including in damage to the building. Patients and staff sleep outside.
We asked Clinton how much of the $800 million or so in international aid has actually made it to Haiti so far.
"I can't answer that question, but I can say that what I've tried to do with the money that we raised directly through the Clinton-Bush Foundation and the money that I raised before that was established is to do what we did here today," Clinton said.
"There is a proven track record that the money has been well spent. That's why I try to document how we spend the money and that these people all get it, but you should not want it all at once, you should give it out as it can be effectively used."
Asked whether he agreed with estimates that 15 percent of all aid money has been disbursed so far, Clinton said "probably."
"But I think that keep in mind, the needs for the World Food Programme will go up as their capacity to distribute them goes up. The needs for temporary shelter, like the 20,000 tents that I've bought that will be coming here, will go up as we get certification from the national and local governments so that we can actually help to create a community here." It is estimated that at least 200,000 tents are needed.
We also asked the former president about the 10 Americans held for allegedly kidnapping 33 Haitian children, and whether he thought the Americans should be brought back to the United States.
"Well, I think first the State Department and the Haitian government are both on this, and they are going to find a quick and just way to do it," Clinton said. "And they are represented by lawyers, they haven't been mistreated, but the Haitians are very sensitive to what has happened in countless other places around the world in the wake of natural disasters, where people have come and taken children, had parents that still wanted them, or had aunts and uncles that still wanted them.
"It is quite possible that all of these people made an innocent mistake in not following Haitian law, but that is why you have a fact-finding mission. And I think that the Haitian government and the American government will work this out."
Still Much Suffering
In the meantime there is still much suffering. At the hospital the former president held a little 2-month-old named Eneul. What he did not know was that without surgery the baby -- who was stable for the moment -- would in fact die.
A doctor pulled "Nightline" aside and said that a U.S. hospital had agreed to provide the surgery for free, but there was no plane to take the child.
We take Eneul's story to the Clinton team. Dr. Paul Farmer, who is traveling with Clinton and is a legend in Haiti for his 28 years of work here, agreed to help, with the assistance of a young Haitian doctor colleague.
Farmer promised to make sure Eneul got the care she needed and that the former president would know.
But it was a small reminder of the big problem: Nothing quite works in Haiti -- and certainly not easily.
We asked Clinton about the balance of humanitarian and strategic need in the country.
"First of all, what it would cost us to do our part to rebuild Haiti is, given the low cost of living here, is a tiny fraction of what it costs to bring back the economy of any U.S. state. Haiti is the poorest country in the hemisphere, already vulnerable to narco-traffickers and other organized crime, highest AIDS rate in the hemisphere.
"And I work here on that, I know about that, they've got a good program. You don't want a failed state here, that's why Brazil and Argentina [were] sent to run the UN operation here [and are] investing here, making a commitment here -- they know it's important to their national security too. That's why when George W. Bush gave a presentation together in Orlando, he, not I, said we have a national security interest in having Haiti succeed and not be a failed state.
In all, Clinton spent six hours on the ground -- and left with a renewed commitment that he says will pull him back here until the job is done.


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Global Classic 6-Piece Knife Block Set
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- Summary
Chop and dice with exceptional precision and control. Made to the exacting standards of Japanese professional chefs, this award-winning hand-forged steel cutlery is carefully weighted for balance and comfort. Five home-chef essentials and a knife block make up this set.
- Stamped blades are made of exceptionally hard Cromova 18 high-carbon stainless steel, ice tempered and hardened to resist corrosion.
- Prominent 1/4" edges are visible to the naked eye and ground straight to a point rather than beveled, resulting in impressive sharpness and edge retention.
- Stainless-steel handles are seamlessly constructed and textured for a good grip.
- Crafted to professional standards, these knives are lightweight yet perfectly balanced.
- Stainless-steel storage block's angled design helps protect the blades, and its nonslip rubber base anchors the block securely on a countertop.
- Block has slots for ten knives and a honing steel.
6-Piece Set includes:
- 4" paring knife.
- 5 1/4" chef's/utility knife.
- 7" Asian chef's knife
- 8 1/4" carving knife.
- 8 3/4" bread knife.
- 11-slot storage block.Please note: Storage block is counted as an individual piece.
- Dimensions & More Info
- 4" paring knife: 4"-long blade; 4 1/2"-long handle; 5.1 oz.
- 5 1/4" chef's/utility knife: 5 1/4"-long blade; 4 1/2"-long handle; 3.7 oz.
- 7" Asian chef's knife: 7 1/2"-long blade; 5"-long handle; 10.5 oz.
- 8 1/4" carving knife: 8 1/4"-long blade; 4 1/2"-long handle; 5.7 oz.
- 8 3/4" bread knife: 8 3/4"-long blade; 4/ 1/2"-long handle; 5.5 oz.
- Storage block: 5 1/4" x 10" x 11" high.
- Made in Japan.
- Use & Care
- Always use caution when handling sharp objects.
- Avoid cutting on hard surfaces such as stone, metal or glass.
- It is not advisable to use any knife but a meat cleaver to cut through bone or frozen food, as the blade can be easily damaged.
- Hand-wash with warm water and a mild detergent. Rinse and dry immediately.
- Use the honing steel only when you feel the knife has lost some of its original sharpness, usually no sooner than six months after its first use. As you continue to use your Global knife, it will require more frequent honing. If you need to hone your knife more than once every two weeks, it is time to have it sharpened.
- Sharpen your knife at home using a whetstone or knife sharpener, or have it sharpened by a professional.
- Store knife in a safe place to protect its edge and prevent injury.
- Shipping
Shipping Information
UPS can deliver most in-stock items within 3–5 business days. UPS is unable to deliver to P.O. boxes.
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Next Day Delivery
For an additional charge of $26 per address, we can expedite delivery to most destinations. This service is not available for some oversize items, items shipped directly from the supplier (including perishable and custom-manufactured items), out-of-stock items and items to be shipped outside the contiguous 48 states.
Orders received by 9:00 p.m. ET Monday through Thursday will arrive the next business day; orders placed Friday through Sunday will arrive on the following Tuesday.
Return Policy
At Williams Sonoma, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. Attention to design, materials, safety and construction are our priority. Upon receipt, please inspect your purchase and notify us of any damage; we will arrange for a prompt replacement.
If within 30 days, you are dissatisfied for any reason, you may return your purchase for a refund of the merchandise value. An original receipt or gift receipt is required for all returns and exchanges. Returns with a gift receipt will be refunded in the form of a Merchandise Credit for the amount indicated on the gift receipt. Returns with original receipt will be refunded in the original form of payment, cash and check refunds over $100 will be issued as a company check (may take 14 business days from time of request).
For all cutlery returns (knife sets, single knives, cutting boards, knife sharpeners and knife storage), please contact us at 888.922.4108 to initiate the return.
We cannot accept returns on monogrammed, personalized, special-order items, custom upholstery, food, items shipped direct from the vendor or on items damaged through normal wear and tear. Final sale items ending in .97 or .99 cannot be returned.
Made to Order and Final Sale Furniture items are non-returnable and cannot be cancelled once the order is placed.
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Rated 5 out of 5 by Souseh from I was AMAZED I couldn't believe how well my Global knifes cut, i mean without any effort i sliced tomatoes, my knife just glided through it. I absolutely love this product!Date published: 2012-02-08Rated 5 out of 5 by DianeBigSky from The best knives I've ever used! These knives are all I could ever desire in a knife. The are perfectly comfortable in my hand - so nicely weighted yet light. They are incredibly sharp - be careful! We are delighted with our purchase.Date published: 2012-01-16


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World Water Monitoring Challenge
As the world's human population grows, the need for clean water increases as well. Invite students to join the World Water Monitoring Challenge, an international outreach program that raises awareness about protecting our waterways. Collect data from local lakes and rivers and explore how to solve renewable freshwater supply problems.
Learn about resources at risk.
In Chapter 41, Section 1, of E. O. Wilson's Life on Earth, read about the changes to Earth's waterways brought about by humans. Ongoing monitoring of our water resources enables scientists to assess the current status and then track the extent of a problem — or the success of a solution — across time.
Raise awareness.
The world's renewable freshwater supply is dwindling as increasing amounts of water are diverted by agriculture and other human uses. Visit the World Water Monitoring Challenge website to learn how to get involved. Then use the Evernote app to list your ideas for planning, developing and promoting a water quality monitoring program for elementary school children in your area.
World Water Monitoring ChallengeFind out how your community can take part
EvernoteDownload for free in the App Store
The four parameters of watershed health
These are the key indicators that participants measure as part of the World Water Monitoring Challenge.
Start monitoring.
Use a template in Pages or the ThingLink app to create an advertisement inviting elementary school children to join the World Water Monitoring Challenge program that you've developed.


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by Clark Groome
According to the information in the program for the People's Light and Theatre Company production of Henrik Ibsen's "The Master Builder," when the play first appeared in London a critic wrote that it is "an impossible play … it will not stand examining." That was more than a century ago, but at least in the opinion of the people who run People's Light, "The Master Builder" is indeed worth examining.
That doesn't mean it's a great, or even a good, play. I don't think it is. It's more melodrama than tragedy. Master builder Halvard Solness (Stephen Novelli) has been quite successful building houses for young families since a tragic fire destroyed his family home and killed his twin infant sons. He often feels guilty about his good fortune coming on the heels of such a tragic event, one that practically destroyed his wife, Aline (Susan McKey).
Halvard apparently has been quite successful, although often at the expense of those who work for him. He has also refused to build a church since the fire, a decision he says he made to get back at the Almighty.
The last church he built included a tall tower. At the time, a 13-year-old girl names Hilda Wangel (Kim Carson) fell in love with Halvard. At a reception, Halvard allegedly told her he would wait for her and see her in 10 years. When the play opens, it is — ta da — 10 years later. Hilda shows up. All sorts of stuff is talked about (and boy, can they talk!). The play ends predictably when the acrophobic Halvard climbs the tower of his new family house.
The play is repetitive, not particularly original and, as noted, more melodramatic than tragic. This is lesser Ibsen, but director Ken Marini has staged about as strong a production as one can imagine the play, here being done with Paul Walsh's new translation, receiving anywhere. The company — Novelli, McKey and Carson are joined by Mark Lazar, Lou Lippa, Ross Beschler and Jessica Bedford — is strong throughout, although much that do is in service to characters that are either obvious or unidimensional.
While designers Yoshi Tanokura (sets), Marla J. Jurglanis (costumes) and Gregory Scott Miller (lighting) do a fine job, "The Master Builder" also includes some Daniel Vatsky-designed projections that, in my view, add nothing to the production.
I'm glad to have seen "The Master Builder" in the strong production at People's Light, but I'm inclined to agree with that long-ago London critic and admit that I don't need to examine it again.
For tickets to the People's Light and Theatre Company production of Ibsen's "The Master Builder," which plays through April 17, call 610-644-3500 or visit www.people'slight.org


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Michigan House votes to make gun records confidential
The House moved to broaden gun owners' rights Thursday by voting to reaffirm the confidential status of gun records, clarify the definition of "brandishing" a gun and lift a ban on short-barreled rifles.
A Republican package of bills passed by a wide margin, with 81-28 being the closest vote. The bills would codify a 1999 Michigan Supreme Court decision that found the disclosure of gun registry records to be "a clearly unwarranted invasion of an individual's privacy."
The legislation would amend the Michigan Handgun Act to exempt all firearms records, including previously protected concealed-carry permit records, from Freedom of Information Act requests. The information still would be available to law enforcement officials for certain purposes.
The package now goes to the Senate.
Bill sponsor Rep. Aric Nesbitt, R-Lawton, said people practicing their constitutional right to gun ownership shouldn't have to "lose a semblance of privacy." Lawmakers introduced the legislation after a New York newspaper published the names and addresses of gun owners in two counties in December 2012, following the shooting massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn., Nesbitt said.
National Rifle Association spokeswoman Catherine Mortensen said gun owners' information should be confidential because "law-abiding permit holders" should be protected from "unscrupulous media organizations" that print their personal information.
Jane Briggs-Bunting, a retired journalism professor and the president of the Michigan Coalition for Open Government, said the legislation shows lawmakers are "chipping away bit by bit" at information that "used to be routinely available to the public." She said the trend threatens a "free, vibrant democracy."
"The FOIA is about keeping a watchdog eye on government," she said. "Well, what happens if the government starts fooling around with gun registrations? No one would know ... because there's no public information available."
A separate bipartisan package that passed in the House seeks to clarify a law that prohibits the "brandishing" of a gun in public. The bills would define "brandish" to mean to "point, wave about or display in a threatening manner with the intent to induce fear in another person." The new definition would authorize a person to openly carry a gun in a holster or sling.
Certain short-barreled shotguns and rifles also would become legal under a Senate bill that will soon go to Gov. Rick Snyder. Owners of those shotguns would need to meet federal requirements under the legislation, which passed 103-6.
Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Since there are alot of dust and cobwebs on the discussion board, I wanted to ask if watching anime gets you interested in learning everything about Japan beyond watching the anime like the culture and language? Or do you just have interest in the anime and nothing else about the country intrigues you? Anime is art, but I find that anime would be a good way for people to get interest in the country, based of the unique art style of it, the genres offered with it, and the emotions in animation we don't usually see in any other art form. However, anime still doesn't really explain what their culture is really like. I would want to learn more about the language, but seeing that I live in the middle of nowhere (kinda), there isn't any option and the university I attend doesn't offer any Japanese language classes.
Views: 217
Anime(and video games) made me want to learn about Japanese culture. I took Japanese in high school and 2 classes in college. Overall, not impressed with japanese culture. They are extremely xenophobic, sexist, and hive mind mentality. Their history is very interesting, but how they deal with people, including themselves is not something to look up to.
Watching anime got me to start listening to k-pop. As well I started paying attention more to Japan in the in news.
Absolutely. I'm with Daniel Dennet in that I think myth shapes minds. If you want to understand a culture, you should first try to understand their myths. Keep in mind that movies and television are modern day myths... and they build on older myths. I found a series that helped me understand a lot of the references that were going over my head. It's called Folktales from Japan.
There are interesting aspects of the culture which I do like, and other aspects which I don't. It's not all bad. Every culture has their high and low points.
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Restaurant employee charged with assault, bias crime against co-worker
A Stratford man was charged on a warrant Friday with a bias crime.
Aydin Cure, 48, of Main Street, Stratford, assaulted a co-worker at Cinzano's Restaurant, 1920 Black Rock Turnpike, Fairfield, in February and harassed the co-worker about his sexual orientation, calling him derogatory names and making obscene gestures, police said.
The victim said Cure threw a metal object at him while in the restaurant's kitchen on Feb. 5, hitting him in the chest and causing a cut, according to the report.
Cure was charged with second-degree assault, second-degree intimidation based on bigotry or bias and breach of peace. He was held on a $2,500 bond and is scheduled to appear March 31 in Bridgeport Superior Court.
Police said during the investigation, they tried unsuccessfully to interview both the restaurant owner and manager, and were unable to get a copy of security video because it was not recording properly.


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On the Smiths
It was In Touch. Let's repeat. It was IN TOUCH. And now Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith are considering suing In Touch. But still...because of the bullsh-t of In Touch, everyone is now scrutinising ever goddamn word and verb tense in the joint statement that Will and Jada released and the statement that Jada released about having an affair with Marc Anthony...what???
"All the rumours regarding Marc Anthony and Jada are false. Completely untrue."
Dude. Like, if you're in the business of making sh-t up for a living, and you need your sh-t to be a little bit believable, WHY would you circulate a story about Jada and Marc Anthony??? Don't they KNOW Jada? Don't they KNOW Jada and Will?
As for the part about them splitting up, the official note read as follows:
"Although we are reluctant to respond to these types of press reports, the rumours circulating about our relationship are completely false. We are still together, and our marriage is intact."
And here we go...
1.Why did they use the word "intact"?
2.Why didn't they gush about how in love they are instead?
3.Why is the word "rumours" so vague? They didn't specify which rumour!
4.Why didn't they underscore that they are not divorcing?
1 & 2. If they gushed about how strong they are, would you then turn around and say that the more they gush about the strong-ness, the more weak their strong-ness seems?
3 & 4. The key is the first sentence. How can you answer without setting a precedent for answering every dumbass In Touch story they print from now on?
But, but, but, Lainey... where there's smoke, there's fire!!!
There has always been fire. It's just not the fire you think it is.
Will and Jada are really, really, REALLY rich. You have seen the house, haven't you? Talk to any divorce lawyer, or any valuations specialist. They will tell you they'd rather stay in a bad marriage than get divorced because you know why? It is EXPENSIVE. For people like Will and Jada? It is VERY, VERY, VERY expensive. It hurts them HARD how expensive they are. SO expensive that they would much rather look for alternative solutions. And who's to say that those alternative solutions haven't been holding their marriage together all these years anyway?
The real fire is what their existing arrangement has been. And, again, if you know your gossip, this shouldn't surprise you.
There is nothing spontaneous about Will Smith. That was probably the most insightful point in Bill Simmons's piece on movie stars a couple of months ago. Will Smith has designed his career with military precision. Down to the minute. Did you know that? Did you know that he has exacting specifications about how long each of his films, depending on the genre, have to be? And they can't be a minute longer or shorter either way? This is the same approach he takes with his personal life, and this is also how his personal life has contributed to his career.
In other words, he keeps his sh-t locked down.
You think Will Smith would get so sloppy that he'd let In Touch get inside his secrets??? IN TOUCH???
File photo from Wenn.com


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A female member of the Imperial Klans of America at work selling various clothing items during the annual Nordic Fest. Dawson Springs, Kentucky.
White NationalistsNaziskinheadNational Socialist Movementracismextremistswastika.
A skinhead and his two children during a memorial concert held at a private location. The event drew various supporters of the white nationalist movement, including the National Socialist Movement, Aryan Nations, Hammerskins, Blood & Honour, Death's Head Hooligans and the Sons of Aesir.
An Israeli flag taken from an unknown embassy is used as a door mat at the IKA's headquarters. Dawson Springs, Kentucky.
White NationalistsNaziskinheadNational Socialist MovementracismextremistswastikaIsrael.
The Imperial Klans of America (IKA's) 15-acre paramilitary compound. Dawson Springs, Kentucky.
Children playing at the 2010 Oi Fest concert. Arizona.
A German officers cover for sale at the annual Oi Fest. Arizona.
Jessica and Aryana's lemonade stand at the 2010 Oi Fest. The "14" before the "Future White Knights" stands for David Lane's 14 words: "We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children." The statement was inspired by Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf.
A member of the Imperial Klans of America laces up a new pair of Aryan Wear panzer boots at their annual Spring Festival. Dawson Springs, Kentucky.
Various items for sale at the NSM (National Socialist Movement) Annual Congress. New Jersey.
A skinbyrd (female skinhead) applies makeup a during a band break at the Golden State Awake concert sponsored by GSS. California.
Steven Edwards - one of the founding members of the White Power band the Totenkopf Saints.
A tattooist at the Imperial Klans of America (IKA) annual Nordic Fest. Nordic Fest is a 3-day event which takes place on the IKA's 15-acre paramilitary compound. Dawson Springs, Kentucky.
"Hachet" displays his skinhead tattoos.
Members of the Vinlanders Social Club participate in Nordic themed skinhead wedding ceremony.
Christine and Steven celebrate just getting married by smearing wedding cake on one another in Laurens, S.C. on April 21, 2007. The wedding was performed in Nazi tradition with text borrowed in part from an original 3rd Reich Era SS style wedding ceremony.
An NSM "brown shirt" and cover hangs on the wall along side drawings of George Lincoln Rockwell and Aldof Hilter at the annual "Nationals" weekend of the National Socialist Movement (NSM) in Laurens, South Carolina.
Max Resist, a popular band with white nationalists performing "I Hope Your Baby's White" at the annual Oi Fest. Oi Fest is a concert event held in a remote area of Arizona sponsored by the White Knights of America. It draws various supporters of the white nationalist movement; some include the National Socialist Movement, Aryan Nations, Hammerskins, Blood and Honor, Death's Head Hooligans and the Sons of Aesir. Arizona.
Skinheads in the mosh pit at the annual Oi Fest. Arizona.
A female skinhead, known as a SkInbyrd.
Golden State Awake concert sponsored by GSS. California.
In the mosh pit during Rock Against Illegal Immigration, sponsored by NSM records; a record label under the National Socialist Movement. April 21, 2007., Laurens, S.C.
The concert followed a rally at the State Capital Building in Columbia, S.C. earlier in the day. The weekend events included a memorial service for the late "Wild" Bill Hoff, a Nazi exchanging of vows, speeches, workshops and an award ceremony. Several bands were scheduled, but the featuring act was detained for unknown reasons, when trying to enter the country.
The concert drew a large crowd from various Skinhead, Nazi and Ku Klux Klan organizations.
The annual Oi Fest, sponsored by the White Knights of America, Death Head Hooligans and the Sons of Aesir motorcycle club. Arizona.
"Charlie Boots"; lead singer of Stormtroop16.
A member of the White Knights of America leaving the "mosh pit" after a performance by the band Max Resist at the 2010 Oi Fest.
Police respond to a call made from a bar manager who unknowingly rented out a section of their Knights of Columbus Hall to a group of Nazi's. The situation became tense after the WWII veterans noticed the multitude of swastika patches and tattoos coming in the door.
PoliceWhite NationalistsNaziskinheadNational Socialist Movementracismextremistswastika.
A member of the Supreme White Alliance displays his skinhead tattoos.
A probate getting "patched" into a division of C18.
A newly "patched" member of Aryan Strikeforce.
Target practice during the "Hated and Proud" weekend. Iowa.
Wedding ceremony held at the annual Oi Fest, sponsored by the White Knights of America, Death Head Hooligans and the Sons of Aesir motorcycle club. Arizona.
Pastor Drew of the National Socialist Movement shortly after a wedding ceremony at the annual skinhead Oi Fest in Arizona.
Pastor Drew was the last ordained minister at the Aryan Nations 20-acre white supremacist compound at Hayden Lake, Idaho before it was bankrupted by the Southern Poverty Law Center in a 6.3 million dollar judgement in 2000.
White nationalists in the mosh pit at the NSM (National Socialist Movement) sponsored Hated and Proud concert. Iowa.
The property of a 42-year old wood carver, his wife and their seven children. In 2013, a year after having a second child diagnosed with autism, the frustrated parents starting reading up on National Socialism. With no prior family history of autism, the parents felt the condition was somehow related to man-made influences, such as a fracking and childhood vaccinations. The ideology of National Socialism quickly became part of their daily lives. Today, they remain active members within the White Nationalist movement and have seven children ranging from 1 to 9, four have been diagnosed with autism.
Charles (36), a Lieutenant in the NSM, addresses the crowd shortly before a Swastika lighting ceremony at the Hated and Proud concert, which was held on a small farm in America's heartland. Iowa.
April 23, 2016. Temple, Georgia. A manager at the bar hosting a pro-white solidarity and united front meeting serves a customer wearing an Schutzstaffel unit/SS logo t-shirt.
April 22, 2016. Temple, Georgia. Commander Jeff Schoep of the National Socialist Movement speaks to a room of supporters during the NSM National meeting & banquet.
11/5/16, Mechanicsburg, Pa. White Nationalists wait for their convoy of vehicles to proceed to the Pennsylvania state capital building for a "fall political rally" five days before the presidential election. The group's political platform included preventing illegal immigration and outsourcing jobs to other countries.
Elohim City is a private community founded in November 1973 by Robert G. Millar (1925-2001), a former Mennonite and a United States resident alien from Canada. 'Filled with the Holy Spirit," according to one of his sons, Millar moved to Oklahoma City in the mid-1950's, where he founded a church.
In 1973 Millar and approximately 18 family members established Elohim City or "City of God," as a spiritual community to "honor God," while waiting for Him to establish His kingdom on earth. This 400-acre religious enclave has it's own liturgy, calendar (the year begins with the spring equinox) and it's own clock (the day begins at noon). Worship services are an integral part of life at Elohim City. Services are held daily. On the Sabbath — which at Elohim City is on Tuesday — they last several hours.
Residents of Elohim City are adherents of Christian Identity, which teaches that white Anglo-Saxons, not Jews, are God's chosen people and that America, not Israel, is the Promised Land. According to Identity, Jews are descendants of Satan, and nonwhites are pre-Adamic, a lower form of species than whites.