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text:
The Accounting Historians Journal Vol. 16, No. 2 December 1989
by George O. May Senior Partner, New York Office Price Waterhouse and Company
When I was invited to be one of the lecturers in this series, I hesitated on account of a conflict of feelings. I was gratified by an invitation to lecture at an institution which means so much as Northwestern has come to mean in the field of business education, but I felt that ethics should be practiced rather than preached; and I was dismayed at the thought of contributing one of several lectures on the ethics of a single profession. When, however, Professor Custis suggested that I talk on the ethical obligations of the accountant to the investor my doubts were resolved, because the suggestion offered an opportunity to discuss before a sympathetic audience some of those phases of accounting practice which make it, to me, the most attractive of the professions which are closely allied with business; and an opportunity, also, to discuss some questions possessing a broader interest.
The Investor's Interest in Accountant's Work
Before discussing the ethical questions which arise between the accountant and the investor, it seems desirable to consider briefly the nature of the investor's interest in the work of the accountant and the conditions under which that work is ordi-narily done. Accountancy today has become an important pro-fession, the work of which varies greatly in character and purpose. Its work may, perhaps, be divided into three broad classes: first, the constructive work, such as the formulation and installation of systems of accounting; second, the detailed aud-iting of cash and other transactions; and third, the preparation and verification of financial statements. It is with this third class of work that the investor is more particularly concerned.
As published on pp. 26-54, The Ethical Problems of Modern Accountancy, Lectures Delivered in 1932, William A. Vawter Foundation of Business Ethics, Northwestern University School of Commerce, New York: The Ronald Press Company, 1933.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
The last few posts have garnered a lot of comments, and some of them have indicated that there's some misunderstandings about the simulations we're performing. This set of simulations started back in September, and has been evolving ever since. And the rationale behind how we perform the simulations is spread out over 6 months of posts. It seemed like a good idea to consolidate that information in one place.
Basic Modeling Problems
First, let's consider the point of modeling. Obviously we want to generate data that helps us make more informed decisions about how we gear and play. For modeling to be of any benefit, it has to generate information that's useful. And generally, that means that you want the model to be accurate.
Most people would assume that means you want the model to be perfect – all-inclusive, with tanks and healers that play perfectly and react with mechanical precision. But in fact that's not the case. Consider what would happen if we did have perfect tanks and perfect healers. Your perfect tanks would execute their rotation flawlessly, never miss an encounter cue, and would always apply their mitigation skills in the most optimum way. Your perfect healers would react flawlessly to spikes in damage intake, always select the correct heal at the right time, and would be as mana-efficient as possible. In your perfect model, you'd have at least enough healing to cover damage intake given perfect conditions, so your perfect healer would never run out of mana. And the net result would be a tank that never dies.
Unfortunately, that perfect simulation wouldn't be very useful. If the tank plays perfectly and never dies, then it barely matters how they gear or what they do. They'll be unkillable with any reasonable gear set. Which highlights the flaw with a perfect simulation: it's not accurate. It doesn't reflect reality. Because in real encounters, players make mistakes and tanks die. And there's a fairly high correlation between those mistakes and tank deaths. Which means that if we want a good, useful simulation, we need to account for that imperfection.
Imperfect Tanks
Unfortunately modeling imperfection is almost as hard as modeling perfection is. For example, let's consider how many ways there are to model an imperfect tank.
- Active Mitigation Usage – You could do it by varying the precision of their active mitigation. For example, a sloppy player might be macro-ing Shield of the Righteous to Crusader Strike – essentially the "S" rotation we've used in the past. On the other extreme, you could model a near-perfect tank that pools holy power and only blows SotR early during what seems to be a spike – the "SH1″ and "SH2″ rotations we've used. And there are hundreds of variations in-between that differ in effectiveness based on the logic used to control SotR usage. But which one of those best models a real tank?
- Rotation – Maybe your tank is perfect and follows CS>J>AS>SS to the letter. That's pretty easy to model. On the other hand, maybe your tank slips up and prioritizes J over CS once in a while by accident. But how often do they do that? Are they just as likely to push AS ahead of CS as well, or forget to cast SS when it's available? Again, we have an infinite number of variations based on the probability distribution you use to determine whether the player makes these errors.
- Latency – Maybe the player lives next to the server farm, and has sub-millisecond latency. On the other hand, maybe they're playing from Australia, and regularly struggle with pings of 350 ms or greater. Cast queuing helps quite a bit to mitigate these problems, but it still affects events that you need to react to in-game, because even with perfect reactions you're behind by your latency value. How much latency should our imperfect player have to deal with?
- Player Reaction – And even if you live next to the server farm, nobody's reaction time is instant. So a player's response to an event will always be delayed somewhat based on their reaction time and attentiveness. They may react more slowly to an event if they were watching some other information stream, like DBM timers or their action bars. How often does our imperfect tank stand in the fire?
It should be evident from this that there's a huge parameter space to work in here. And the problem is that it's very, very difficult to determine what's "average." A reaction time of a full second is certainly below average, but there are players who operate at that capacity. A completely perfect rotation is possible, but awfully difficult – arguably difficult enough that even the best players can't manage it. Everyone slips up once in a while.
Meloree posted a great comment on the last article that I'd like to quote, because it seems fairly relevant here:
As far as imperfect play goes – during wrath/Cataclysm the best I managed to do over the course of a full fight was roughly a 1.53s GCD average over 10 minutes. Thats roughly 98% efficient, and it's pretty close to an upper bound – not many people ran a tighter rotation than I did. ….
I regularly saw parses from good tanks – in well progressed heroic mode guilds – who weren't better than ~80% efficient at their rotations. ….
Being more than 90% efficient in your rotation places you in the upper half a percent of tanks in WoW.
So if even the greats are struggling to beat 95% efficiency, what's our estimate for an average tank? 90%? 80%? 70%? More to the point, do we really want to be running simulations for an average tank? The readership of this blog in particular is decidedly skewed towards above-average. Not many tanks of average or below-average play quality actively seek out blogs to try to improve their play in the first place. And of the ones that do, how many are willing to struggle through my verbose and technical blog posts? Probably a small minority.
Imperfect Healers
More problematic yet is the matter of healers. How do we model an imperfect healer? They have many of the same complications that tanks do. Latency and reaction time are obvious factors one can tweak. But the difficult part is really the healer "rotation," because there really isn't one in most cases.
For starters, their rotation varies based on the situation – they may be focusing on single-target healing if they're assigned to a tank, or on area-of-effect healing if they're assigned to the raid. And in a 10-man raid, often one healer will be switching back and forth between those two play styles constantly based on the demands of the encounter. So the type of healing you get depends not just on your play, but on what's going on with the rest of the raid as well.
Further, a healer's play style is far more reactive than tanking or DPS play. They may have a basic rotation they use as a default during less dangerous periods, but they switch gears and change cast priorities during a crisis. They'll use different spells if the tank has four or five GCDs to live than they will if death could happen in two or three. And while healers don't have active mitigation, they do have cooldowns they can throw at the tank if the shit really hits the fan.
So there's a huge number of variations in how you model an imperfect healer. Is the healer a little slow to switch modes when the tank takes a spike? Or do they over-commit to expensive heals and run out of mana too early? Or do they just not make effective use of their emergency buttons? We could model a "dumb healer" that just spams their mana-efficient heal on the tank regardless of what else is happening, but that's probably not an accurate model of even the worst healers.
And just as for tanks, each healer plays a little differently. The model of one imperfect healer may not give accurate results for a different healer. Not to mention the inherent variations between healers of different classes with slightly different toolkits. The results may be totally different for a healer that relies heavily on HoTs than they would be for a healer that heavily leans on absorption effects or direct heals. How do you build a model that's general and widely applicable when the inputs are so widely varied?
The short answer is: you don't!
Rethinking The Approach
It's clear that there's way too much variation involved here to write the sort of modeling software that most people think of when they talk about wow. We could certainly write an equivalent to Simcraft, given enough time and effort, but it isn't clear that it would give us much in the way of useful results. Tracking things like "how often does the tank die" would vary significantly based on the details of your imperfect healers and tanks.
Not to mention that, while we could model a healer any way we wanted, in practice we have no control over how they play. We might even have a different healer from week to week or encounter to encounter. Tying ourselves down to a particular healer model is doomed from the start to be too specific – it just won't give us results that we can apply everywhere. We need something that is both more general and simpler to implement.
So we go back to the drawing board. All the way back to the beginning, in fact. We reconsider what survivability means at a fundamental level. What is the root cause of tank death? I'll put forth the following hypothesis:
Hypothesis: Tanks are in the most danger of dying when their instantaneous average damage taken per second (DTPS) greatly exceeds their instantaneous average healing received per second (HRPS).
Now, that certainly shouldn't be very controversial. I've basically said "you die when you don't get enough heals," but put it in a more technically rigorous form. We all know what it means to not receive enough healing. That happens when our healers are distracted or otherwise incapacitated – in other words, when they make a mistake.
And we're also familiar with the first half of that statement. Our time-averaged DTPS goes up when we take a lot of damage in a short period of time. In other words, a damage spike. To illustrate that thought, let's consider some data. Here's what the DTPS profile may look like for a tank over an entire encounter (this happens to be Council of Elders):
This is the broad overview, showing how damage fluctuates over long periods of time. We have extended periods of high intake and periods where the tank isn't actively tanking anything. Rather than look at the broad view, let's narrow our focus to the section in the middle, with the large spike followed by three smaller spikes. That looks like this:
So over a two-minute period, our tank sees massive fluctuations in damage intake. It drops as low as 40k DTPS, and spikes as high as 150k-230k DTPS for 5- to 10-second periods. The danger periods are obviously these peaks, where damage intake abruptly increases – these are the moments when we're most at-risk of dying.
From the same log, the tank healers' average healing throughput is about 100k HPS. Of course, during this period it gets ratcheted up to around 220 HPS (and other healers chime in to help). But then again, this is from a log where the tank didn't die. If the healer hadn't cranked his output up fast enough to meet this new level of damage intake, we're very likely looking at a dead tank.
Let's assume for the moment that we don't have any control over our imperfect healers. Let's also assume that they screw up every so often during the encounter – maybe they fail to react to a spike quickly enough, or maybe they just stood in fire too long and have to move or break off of the tank to heal themselves. If one of those screw-ups coincides with one of the damage spikes, we're probably going to die.
If we accept the premise that we have no control over what our healers do, just what they perceive, then what can we as tanks do to minimize the chance of this happening? This is what a scientist would call an "overlap integral" problem. We can increase our survivability by reducing the likelihood that a spike and a healer screw-up overlap in time. And how do we do that? Well, consider what would happen if we had a way to perfectly smooth our damage intake, such that instead of the pink line, it looks like the blue line on this plot:
Suddenly everything changes. First, we don't have any big spikes to worry about – our mean intake is a little over half of our peak intake (and higher than our average), but it's very steady. So it's far less likely that the healer's screw-up coincides with a period of extremely high intake, because there simply aren't any periods of extremely high intake. More subtly, and perhaps more importantly, the fact that there aren't any big spikes that require the healer to change modes means that it doesn't matter if they're a little slow in doing so. In practice, that's a big deal because the "slow to react" healer model is far more likely to cause the sort of overlap that kills you than random healer movement is. So our "perfect smoothing" mechanism turns a tank that dies some of the time into a tank that never dies.
Now of course, this is an unrealistic model – we have no way to perform this perfect smoothing (outside of Photoshop, at least). But it gives us a clear goal to aim for. As tanks, we can't make our healers play better. But we can give them an easier damage profile to work with: one that doesn't require rapid fluctuations in healer throughput.
So I propose the following corollary to our hypothesis:
Corollary: If spike damage is dangerous, then minimizing the frequency and magnitude of high-damage periods is the most direct way to increase survivability.
This is a nice, tidy little statement. It narrows our focus from an all-encompassing simulation with many variables to a much smaller subset of parameter space. Instead of worrying about what the healer is doing, we just concern ourselves with the damage intake profile we receive. In essence, we've removed healers from the equation.
Of course, without healers, we don't have much use for health either. If we're only concerned with the plot of damage taken per second, it doesn't matter how much health we have. So if we're ignoring healers, and we're not tracking tank deaths, then keeping track of the tank's current hit points is no longer necessary, and we can add "tank health" to the list of things we can cut from the simulation.
Now, that sounds awfully controversial when taken in isolation. What use is a simulation without healers or tank health? But it follows rather naturally from the corollary. We've been conditioned to think that for a simulation to be useful, it must model everything down to the last detail with near-infinite precision. But that just isn't always the case. It's great if you want details about a specific situation. But not if you want general, portable results that apply to a great variety of situations. By eliminating healers and health from the equation, we can focus our efforts on variables we can control and make sure our modeling of those factors is as accurate as possible.
Building the Simulation
Now that we've defined the problem, we can go about building the simulation. This part is pretty boring unless you're enthralled by mathematical detail and code, so I'll try and summarize it as briefly as possible. We want our sim to do the following:
- Simulate a tank being attacked by a boss
- Track the damage intake as a function of time
- Take the resulting series of damage events and perform calculations on that sequence
Each of these steps has a number of details to consider. For example, we need to choose the boss's damage so that we can appropriately assign Vengeance values. We'll also need to estimate the player's gear so that we can appropriately calculate avoidance and block chances. And of course, later on we'll want to be able to vary both of these parameters.
Likewise, since we're tracking damage intake, we need to properly calculate mitigation and absorption effects. Since our mitigation depends on the tank's rotation and active mitigation usage, we need to model all of that as well.
The simulation I've written does all of those things and more. It's a Monte-Carlo style simulation, which means that it simulates combat the same way the game calculates it – making rolls for each event as they happen. So for example, it cycles through a loop, incrementing time until an event (like a boss attack) occurs. It then rolls to see if that boss attack is avoided. If so, it rolls again for a grand crusader proc. If not, it rolls to see if it was blocked, and so on. It works the same way for our rotation, following a priority queue (which we can modify) to cast spells and update the system according to their result.
We run it for a very long time (10k minutes of combat, generally) to smooth out random fluctuations and get stable, statistically significant results. And the output is a string of numbers that looks something like this (but a lot longer):
[... 100 55 0 70 0 100 55 55 38 0 100 55 38 100 0 0 0 100 55 55 100 0 ...]
Where each number represents an amount of damage. So 100 would be a full boss attack taken to the face, 70 would be a blocked attack, 55 would be an attack mitigated by a 45% mitigation Shield of the Righteous, 38 would be an attack that was blocked and mitigated by SotR, and so on. In practice these values vary a bit more because of absorption effects (Sacred Shield), but that's the basic gist of it.
Once we have that string of events, we perform some post-processing on it. We perform a moving average to generate the sort of data you would see in a World of Logs plot like the one I've shown above. We then take that moving average and calculate how many of its elements exceed a given threshold – say, 100% of the player's health. This is the data I present in the tables. In essence, it's telling you the two things we care about most: how many spikes are there, and how large are they?
A Word on Healing
One drawback of this style of modeling is that without player health tracking, healing becomes awkward. That wouldn't be a problem if it weren't for the fact that we have a non-trivial amount of self-healing abilities. For example, how do you model a Word of Glory or Seal of Insight heal if you can't… well… heal?
The answer is that you treat them as short-term absorption bubbles. If WoG heals us for 200k health, we instead give ourselves a 200k absorption bubble. We keep the duration short because this healing is only relevant over short time windows. In the case of WoG I've been using 3 seconds, which is probably too generous; for Seal of Insight I'm using 1.5 seconds. It wouldn't make sense to grant a 200k absorption bubble that lasts for 10 seconds, because in 10 seconds a real healer would react and top us off. So the absorption needs to only apply to boss attacks that happen shortly after the heal occurs. Another way to think of this is that, by not modeling healers, we're assuming perfect healers that never let you die, and they react within a few seconds. Thus, if the absorption bubble isn't used up within a few seconds, it just gets wasted (i.e. turns into overheal).
Which brings up another issue with healing in this model: overhealing and efficiency. We need to make assumptions about how much overhealing occurs. For Seal of Insight, you can think of this as trying to estimate how many procs occur when we're already at full health since our simulation doesn't have health. But the issue is a little more subtle than that, even.
To illustrate why, consider the following example: lets say you take a 200k attack from a boss, and react by casting a 200k WoG on yourself. Your healer also drops a 200k Holy Light on you in response to the attack. Which one of you overhealed, and how efficient were you?
Logs will base the answer on whomever acted first. But that doesn't cut it for our analysis. Either way, there was 200k worth of overhealing happening in that scenario, and whether it was my WoG or the healer's Holy Light, one of them was wasted. No matter who the combat log credits with the overhealing, I would have been better off letting the healer top me off and using that holy power on a Shield of the Righteous instead.
I tend to take a rather pessimistic view on healing efficiency for that reason. I generally assume that the healer is going to do what they do regardless of whether I WoG or not, because they can't assume that I will WoG at any given moment. And likewise, I can't assume they'll stop healing me because I know where my WoG button is. Since neither of us can reliable predict the others' actions, we're bound to cause a good chunk of overhealing. This is less true with incoming healing notifications on unit frames, but not all frames have this capability, nor do all healers use it on frames that do. However, since opinions vary on this, I generally present results for a variety of overheal levels when I'm discussing results involving WoG.
A Word on Patchwerk
To wind down this post, I want to have a quick discussion about one of the more common criticisms of this sort of modeling. The simulation is a Patchwerk model, which for newer players means "a boss that blindly melees you and does nothing else." But real fights rarely look like Patchwerk. Real fights have tank swaps, movement, different phases, magical damage. The criticism I often see is that because of all of those factors we're ignoring, these simulation results have no relevance to real play.
I think that attitude is a bit narrow-minded, and I don't think it's entirely valid. Sure, there are tank swaps. Sure, you'll use cooldowns during a fight. But you're obviously not going to die when you don't have aggro. And you're probably not going to die while you have Holy Avenger up and are coasting along on 100% uptime of a 50+% damage mitigation buff. You're not very likely to die when you have a big cooldown running either, for that matter. You're not even that likely to die right after a tank swap, since you'll have extra SotR uptime during that period if you've pooled holy power.
You're most likely to die when you get a big damage spike, and that really only happens when you don't have any of those safety nets. It happens when you just get unlucky and take a couple big unmitigated melees because you're rebuilding Holy Power. In other words, it happens in the in-between sections of a fight, when you're essentially tanking Patchwerk. By that logic the simple, Patchwerk simulation much more relevant than it would initially appear. Thus, I think a boss mindlessly hitting you is a pretty good model for the bulk of our death scenarios.
The "big, predictable boss attack" death scenario is pretty dangerous too, and shows up a lot in current content. But I think it's less dangerous than many seem to think if you're using active mitigaton properly. Shaving 50% off of the predictable spike, and likely one of the neighboring melees as well, usually makes it quite manageable. Often it reduces the big attack to less than a regular melee swing. And since it's a predictable spike, your healers know its coming – they have DBM timers telling them that you're going to take a big spike in X seconds, so they are more likely to use proactive tools, like absorption shields, small cooldowns, or simply pre-casting a heal on you so that it lands right after the large attack does.
In any event, the "big predictable attack" is something I plan on adding to the simulation once I get time – possibly even before the next round of data posts, since the Seal of Insight code is almost finished.
Despite all of that, it's worth remembering that specific bosses or mechanics can lead to different strategies being optimal. We're trying to model the most general situation possible so that it's applicable to as many fights as possible. But mechanics like Dread Thrash can certainly trump steady-state modeling. A boss like Lei Shi forces us to reconsider whether the model is applicable to that particular boss. If we had another Algalon-like encounter where you have three healers spamming the tank just to keep up with the damage, you may care a lot less about smoothness and a lot more about stamina, armor, or even avoidance. This model abstracts all of those things out, so it's important to keep in mind that this is a guideline for when all of those other effects are already taken care of. A good tank needs to know when the model is appropriate and when to break from the model to handle specific problems.
This post doesn't really have a conclusion. I haven't presented anything incredibly new here. Tanks doing high-end content have been focusing on spike damage for years now. But up until recently, we really haven't had good tools to quantify those concerns. We've been able to calculate total damage reduction fairly reliably in the past, and often that metric was used as a stand-in to approximate smoothness. But the simulations I've run in the past six months have demonstrated the inadequacy of that approach. A stat like haste can be absolutely terrible at reducing total damage taken while being fantastic at reducing spike events.
I hope that the logic behind the simulation is more apparent now, though. It should, at least, address the common criticism that the results can't be valid or useful without including healers. While it's definitely important to consider what healers think and how they react, I don't think it's critical to have a specific healer model in mind when answering the question, "what makes me more survivable." While our simulation doesn't model healers at all, the thought process that we used to arrive at our observables certainly did. So they are included in the simulation in an indirect manner, in that rather than participating in the simulation explicitly, they determined how we perform the simulation and assess the results. Healers are the lens we look through when we decide what metrics accurately reflect our survivability.


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Child Support
Assembly Bill 1058 created the Child Support Commissioner and Family Law Facilitator Program in 1996 to address the problem of overburdened courts and the lack of accessible help for people with child support issues who did not have attorneys. The program is funded by a combination of federal title IV-D funds and state funds, with the federal government paying two-thirds and one-third provided by state non–trial court funds. "Title IV-D " refers to title IV-D of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. section 601 et seq.), which requires each state to establish and enforce support orders when public assistance has been spent on behalf of a child. Title IV-D also requires the states to establish and enforce support orders when requested to do so by a parent who is not receiving public assistance.
Annual AB 1058 Child Support Training Conference:
Every fall, a training conference is held for child support commissioners, family law facilitators, court administrators, accounting staff, court clerks and paralegals. The conference is organized by the AB 1058 staff at the Center for Families, Children & the Courts (CFCC). This conference fulfills the training requirements in Rule 5.340 of the California Rules of Court for child support commissioners, in Rule 5.430 for family law facilitators, and in Rule 5.355 for court clerks who work in title IV-D child support assignments.
22nd Annual AB 1058 Child Support Training Conference Handouts
21st Annual AB 1058 Child Support Training Conference Handouts
20th Annual AB 1058 Child Support Training Conference Handouts
19th Annual AB 1058 Child Support Training Conference Handouts
18th Annual AB 1058 Child Support Training Conference Handouts
17th Annual AB 1058 Child Support Training Conference Handouts
16th Annual AB1058 Child Support Training Conference Handouts
Child Support Commissioner Roundtable in Conjunction With the Family Law Institute:
Each spring the Education Division/Center for Judicial Education and Research (CJER) organizes the Family Law Institute to train family law judges and commissioners. A child support commissioner roundtable is held in conjunction with the Family Law Institute to provide a forum for judicial officers to share best practices and discuss updates in child support policy.
A family law facilitator midyear training is often provided for subject matter training, policy updates, and roundtable discussions.
Training Resources:
Why Most Presentations Don't Work Webinar, 47:02 min., May 2018
This webinar focuses on developing and delivering effective presentations and challenge traditional notions about delivering content to adult learners, presenting research-tested concepts about what makes a presentation successful.
The Center for Families, Children & the Courts (CFCC) has conducted several studies on child support. Under Family Code section 4054, the Judicial Council is required to review the statewide uniform child support guideline every four years and make any recommendations to the Legislature for appropriate revisions. CFCC carries out that mandate. The 2001 and 2005 child support guideline reviews are available below. The 1993 and 1998 studies were conducted before the creation of CFCC but are also available.
1998: Chapters 1-10
1998: Appendices
CFCC also completed a study titled California's Child Support Commissioner System: An Evaluation of the First Two Years of the Program. This study was sent to the Legislature in May 2000. It evaluated both the child support commissioner and family law facilitator aspects of the child support commissioner system and determined that both programs were meeting the objectives of the legislation.
There is a federal requirement that all states have a uniform child support guideline. To assist parents, attorneys, and the courts to determine the correct support amount under California's guideline, various electronic calculators have been developed. As required by Rule 5.275 and Family Code section 3830, the Judicial Council certifies the programs that provide child support calculations consistent with the applicable statutes and rules of court. See Child Support FAQs for a list of certified programs.
Judicial Council staff takes reports from the public, attorneys, and the courts regarding any differences in the results produced by calculators based on the same set of facts. Differing results or other issues should be reported by e-mail to email@example.com. See instructions below for reporting different results.
Instructions in Reporting Different Calculations Results
When reporting different results, please provide copies of the differing calculations, the assumptions input in the calculators and your contact information. Calculator developers are also encouraged to submit differences, and they will be forwarded to a workgroup consisting of family law judges, commissioners and members of the Family and Juvenile Law Advisory Committee to the Judicial Council. This workgroup will provide developers with a uniform and consistent approach. Judicial Council staff also convenes periodic summit meetings of calculator developers to discuss issues and to ensure consistency and integrity among the certified child support calculators. The child support "guideline" on which the calculators are based is not an optional guide, but is the name for the state law setting out a standardized formula for calculating child support.
"Child Support in California" on the Families Change--Parent Guide to Separation and Divorce website contains informative FAQs for parents on the basics of child support in California and provides links to many other useful child support-related resources and services for all parents.
The website of the California Department of Child Support Services (DCSS), contains a lot of helpful information on the child support program in California, such as the Child Support Handbook. For DCSS's comparative data on managing performance, which contains statistics on all 58 counties' performance on the federal performance measures, click here.
For more information on child support and family law matters, visit the California Courts Self-Help Center website.
Fact Sheet: Timekeeping for AB 1058 Child Support Commissioner and Family Law Facilitator Program
AB 1058 Timekeeping Webinar: Video | PowerPoint
Weekly Time Tracking Log (FLF): Excel | Fillable PDF
Rolling Time Study Training Webinar Q1 (2019): Video
AB 1058 Grant Internal Controls Checklist
Title IV-D (AB 1058) Child Support Commissioner and Family Law Facilitator Program Grant Manual
This manual provides accounting and reporting instructions for the judicial branch Title IV-D (AB 1058) Child Support Program including instructions on preparing invoices and other grant-related fiscal forms. This manual is for fiscal year 2018-19.
For Fiscal Year 2018-19: CSC Reporting Forms | FLF Reporting Forms
For Fiscal Year 2019-20: CSC Reporting Forms | FLF Reporting Forms
|CSC Reporting Forms FY19-20
|FLF Reporting Forms FY19-20
|Annual Leave Earned
|Annual Leave Earned
|Contractor Activity Log
|Contractor Activity Log
|Operating Expense Recap
|Operating Expense Recap
|Payroll Summary
|Payroll Summary
|Summary Sheet
|Summary Sheet
|Workers Compensation
|Workers Compensation


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The fastest Source for Judo News from around the world. #JudoForTheWorld
Brown, At His First Grand Prix: "It's just an incredible feeling."
June 16, 2013 – MIAMI – Colton Brown of USA Judo's Training Site at San Jose State University took a bronze medal today at the Grand Prix Miami, his first international Grand Prix ever, adding to the gold medal won by Team USA's Olympian Marti Malloy yesterday.
"Feels good to win! I trained really hard these last two months," said Brown, who went 4-1 for the day. "Today I used a sasae for my ippon. This is my first Grand Prix ever. It is great to win in the U.S. and to get a medal."
PURSSEY, Matthew (GBR) - BROWN, Colton (USA) "Bronze final men -90 kg"
Grand Prix tournaments, sanctioned by the International Judo Federation, are among the most elite judo competitions and are a virtual necessity for those working their way toward the Olympic Games and World Championships.
"It's just an incredible feeling," Brown said. "Next, I am going to do the training camp and then go to El Salvador to fight next Sunday."
The USA Judo training camp is being held this week in Miami, led by Amarilis Savon, Cuban World Champion now coaching Club Atlanta Judo Midtown n Georgia. Many of the athletes at the Grand Prix Miami will now train at the camp then head to the Pan American Open in San Salvador next weekend.
This was not only Brown's first Grand Prix, it was also USA Judo's first Grand Prix, marking another big step among toward promoting judo in the United States. "The Grand Prix Miami was a great start for our road to Rio de Janeiro," said Jose H. Rodriguez, USA Judo's CEO. "It provided our athletes, right here on our home soil, an opportunity to begin the preparation for what's ahead. It is also a great preparation for the World Cadets in August. This has been a landmark event, I believe, for USA Judo because it has exposed to the world that the US is here to stay."
Lance Nading, USA Judo's President of the Board, commented at the competition draws on Friday, "As you know we had some success at London 2012, and I've told my constituent groups the importance of hosting great international judo events. This is a very clear mission for us, as great judo nations who consistently produce results host great events. You can't have one without the other. This is our first opportunity to hold such a high level event."
The success in London was Kayla Harrison's historic win, taking the first Olympic Gold Medal for the United States in judo. Adding to that history, Marti Malloy, 57 kg., took a bronze medal at the Olympic Games in London. Malloy took gold yesterday at the Grand Prix Miami and, like Colton Brown, she hails from USA Judo's National Training Site at San Jose State University Judo. She also receives support from the New York Athletic Club's judo program.
She said yesterday following her victory, "When I heard there was going to be a Grand Prix on home soil, I wanted gold. This is all I've thought about. I wanted a win on home soil. I've been training very hard for this tournament for the last few months. I wanted to hear the National Anthem, and I wanted U.S. supporters to hear it on home soil. It was great to be on the mat and to hear everyone cheer to USA. It is amazing to feel that support, and I am very proud."
More than 40 nations sent top athletes to Miami for this tournament and the medals were very thinly distributed when all was done. Judo powerhouse France came in first as a nation with two gold, one silver, three bronze and two fifth place finishers. The United States finished eighth among nations with one gold, one bronze and two fifth place finishers, Samantha Bleier, 78 kg. (USA Judo Training Site, Olympic Training Center, Colorado Springs, CO), and Jonathan Fernandez, 81 kg (Baragua Judo Kai, Miami, FL).
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Friday, March 14, 2014
2 Comments:
- Dredd said...
Week a good have end ...
- Anna Van Z said...
About Me
- Name: Anna Van Z
- Location: Mills River, North Carolina, United States
Welcome. Share your thoughts.
Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign.
-John Stuart Mill
"On Liberty"
-John Stuart Mill
"On Liberty"
"In the councils of government we must guard against the acquisition of power, whether sought or unsought, by the military industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties and democratic processes."
Dwight D. Eisenhower
from his final address to the nation January 17, 1961
Dwight D. Eisenhower
from his final address to the nation January 17, 1961
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If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issuance of their currency, first by inflation and then by deflation, the banks and corporations that will grow up around them will deprive the people of all their property until their children will wake up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered.
--Thomas Jefferson
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Gold, ghee and sugar prices down in Kabul
Gold, ghee and sugar prices down in Kabul
KABUL (Pajhwok): The prices of gold, ghee and sugar dipped during the past week in Kabul but that of other daily-use commodities stayed stable, market sources said on Saturday.
Food Traders Union head Fazal Rahman told Pajhwok Afghan News the price of a 49-kg Pakistani sugar sack decreased from the previous week's 1,820afs to 1,810afs and a 16-kg tin of Khurshid ghee from 1,100afs to 1,080 afs.
However, he said, the rates of other food items remained steady. The whole sale price of 50-kg Kazakhstani flour remained unchanged at 1,160afs and 24-kg bag of Pakistani rice at 1,850afs.
Meanwhile, Noor Ahmad Khairkhwa, a tea seller at Kabul Mandavi, said a kilogram of Indonesian green tea cost 280afs and the same amount of African black tea 300afs, the same prices as of past seven days.
Sometimes a slight difference is observed in retail and wholesale prices, but in some areas, the difference is huge.
Ahmad Wali Panjshiri, who owns a grocery store in Dahn-i-Bagh area, sold a 50-kg of Kazakhstani flour for 1,220afs, 49-kg sack of Pakistani sugar for 1,950 afs, 16-litre tin of Khurshid ghee for 1,150afs, 24.5kg sack of Pakistani rice for 2,100afs, a kilo of Indonesian green tea for 300 afs and the same quantity of African black tea for 350afs.
Gold prices also went down. Haji Fawad Ahmad Saleh, a jeweller in Timor Shahi area, said the price of one gram of Arabian gold dropped from 2,350 afs to 2,300afs and the same amount of Russian variety from 1,850 afs to 1,800 afs. He linked the decreased price to global market trends.
However, fuel prices remained steady. Abdul Hadi, a worker at Wazir Abad Pump Station, told Pajhwok the price of a litre of diesel was 46afs and the same amount of petrol also 46afs.
Gas prices were also unchanged. Sharif Ahmad, a gas seller at Kolola Poshta area of Kabul, confirmed the rate of gas remained steady at 60afs per kilo.
According to money exchangers' union in Sara-i-Shahzada, one US dollar accounted for 68.20afs and 1,000 Pakistani rupees for 635afs against last week's 68.30afs and 640afs respectively.
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There are many environmental jobs and different types of careers than what you may be aware of. This Web page has a lot of information. Learn about the different jobs and careers, decide which ones you are interested, then figure out what you need to do to become the top candidate.
- UW Oshkosh Career Services
Career Services encourages, supports and advances career and professional development for current students through the acquisition of knowledge, practice of skills and reflection on experience. Learn how Career Services can help you prepare for your future.
- Titan Jobs
UW Oshkosh's Titan Jobs is a great resource for locating jobs and internships. Check back regularly!
- EcoJobs
ES pays for one subscription of job listings around the country. To access it, go to your D2L site and near the top should be "Environmental Studies Job and Internship Opportunities." Click on that to get access. Even if you are not looking for a job, this listing will help you learn the wide variety of environmental jobs and--very importantly--the qualifications for them. If you don't see this link on your D2L site, contact Jim Feldman (firstname.lastname@example.com).
- Websites with Job Listings
There are a lot of environmentally related jobs. The trick is finding out what they are. The ES program has various listings to help you find the right job.
- Organizations with Environmental Jobs
Because there are so many great jobs concerning the environment, there are many websites that list employment opportunities. In fact, there are many different kinds of websites. Try to become familiar with these, so you will have a good sense of what opportunities await you. I have noted in green which websites are particularly helpful.
- Alumni Employment and Advanced Education What are our alumni doing? The ES programs prepares students for a wide range of careers and graduate programs.
- Career Fields
There is an incredibly wide range of environmental jobs and careers. Don't assume you know what kind of job or career you want -- there may be others you haven't thought of. Spend time researching different career fields using the following websites and books we have in the ES office. The time you spend may make all the difference in your life!
- Websites on Career Fields
These are websites that tell you what a career in each field is like and what it takes to get into it.
- ES Career Preparation Program
The environmental studies program is designed to not just to teach you but to empower you to enter graduate school, pursue the career you want and become a responsible and effective citizen in the community. However, especially because it is a broad, interdisciplinary program, the program does not function as a complete vocational training. It is up to you to take the extra steps to prepare yourself to get into graduate school and a career you want. Learn the seven key aspects of preparing for life after UW Oshkosh


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Photographer's Note
I took this pic yesterday at the Warsaw's Castle Square where such a beautiful Christmas tree was located few days ago. On the left you can see Sigismund's Column - one of the most well-known landmark of Warsaw and on the right the St. Anne's bell tower.
Wishing you Marry Christmas!
Critiques | Translate
No_One (4) 2013-12-23 3:27
Hi Gosia,
This is a wonderful festive scene, that is one of the nicest Chrsitmas trees I've ever seen, the lights are so intricate and unusual. I love that you composed it in a way that we see so much of the square too, and these wonderful landmarks. Thanks for sharing a really festive scene!
Happy Christmas :)
All the best
annjackman (23019) 2013-12-23 3:31
Hello Gosia,
How lovely to show this beautiful Christmas tree in the square. The colours, lighting and crowd of people are very festive indeed. Very well composed and presented.
Happy Christmas, Ann
snunney (130965) 2013-12-23 4:02
Hello Gosia,
What a very pretty Christmas tree this and you have captured it beautifully in this well constructed night time composition. Ideally exposed and with excellent colours and clarity. A Merry Christmas to you.
bona (14343) 2013-12-23 4:18
Hi Gosia,
magical colors and place. I love this Chrismas tree with rich colors against the pastel colors of the pretty background archutecture.. The low speed made nice effect of moviment and I like the woman couple on the right side freezed looking the view.
Well done.
Have a merry Christmas.
chrislo (4097) 2013-12-23 4:48
Hello Gosia,
Lots of big cities in the Christian world vie to outdo each other in imagination and creativity in order to have the most beautiful and original Christmas tree. I must say this one is a winner, with its pyramid like shape, so beautifully adorned with many stunning coloured lights. This is truly a wonderful gift from the city to its people, and you've brought out perfectly the magic of Christmas in the blue hour light.
Merry Christmas to you and have a wonderfully creative New Year.
Sergiom (116512) 2013-12-23 5:04
Ciao Gosia,
Quel belle place � l'heure bleue et ce magnifique arbre parfaitement illumin� avec plein de cadeaux autour pour le plaisir des yeux. La gestion de la lumi�re est impeccable et l'ensemble d'une belle nettet�.
cornejo (61494) 2013-12-23 5:20
Witaj Gosia, very good picture of this interesting everyday scene at Christmas, very well captured in this beautiful image with good sharpness, light and color. Very good and interesting job well done, congratulations my friend. Thanks for sharing this beautiful work.
Merry Christmas to you and your family.
Good afternoon and happy week.
Warm greetings from southern Spain.
Silvio1953 (193125) 2013-12-23 5:23
Ciao Gosia, Merry Christmas to you too, facscinating blue hour, nice scene with a lot of people, excellent perspective, wonderful colors and fantastic light, very well done, my friend, ciao Silvio
adidas5nb (5743) 2013-12-23 6:25
great sense of festivity and fun in this pic.great pov and off center frame.like the light and the light management.
baclama (19138) 2013-12-23 6:32
une tres belle photo de nuit avec de belles illuminations...
joyeux noel et bonne fin d'ann�e
irek1 (861) 2013-12-23 6:44
Witaj Gosiu,
Piekna choinka, piekne zdjecie, wspaniale kolory, kadr i pomysl. Widzialem oswietlenie swiateczne Warszawy na zdjeciach fotoreporterow i przyznam, ze zatkalo mnie. Te ledowe dorozki, presenty etc. robia wrazenie. W Poznaniu nie wyglada to moze tak imponujaco, ale tez jest na co popatrzec.
yquem46 (38752) 2013-12-23 7:47
Witaj Gosia, the blue hour queen !
Again a splendid one at blue hour
Of course, the golden buildings blend perfectly with the blue sky, but furthermore here you add the colorful and luminous Xmas tree. Splendid !
have a nice day and a merry Xmas with your beloved ones
saxo042 (38078) 2013-12-23 8:14
Hi Gosia,
A really fantastic Christmas tree! The dark blue sky above the illuminated buildings is also very good. A real Christmas card!
Merry Christmas
claudeD (47754) 2013-12-23 8:24
Hello Gosia,
wonderul night picture from Warsaw with an excellent composition and very good light managment. Perfect shatpness.Very well done.TFS.
With regards from Luxembourg and merry Xmas for you and your family ...
timecapturer (49288) 2013-12-23 9:02
Hi Gosia
ah! This is stunning. A beautiful blue hour Christmas shot that is just exquisite. Love that tree it is so striking and the setting is just amazing. A quality and elegantly dazzling image. Well done!
lousat (122275) 2013-12-23 9:06
Hi Gosia,i wish you all the best me too and thanks for this magnificent pic,a very original tree full of lights and colors,great capture with the best details everywhere,i like it! Luciano.
rychem (68917) 2013-12-23 9:13
Piękna choinka, eleganckie zdjęcie.
Nasze miasta zyskują na uroku dzięki tym dekoracjom.
Zdrowych i wesołych Świąt
pozdrawiam Ryszard
olive224 (2719) 2013-12-23 9:41
Hi gosia
Super sharpness and great long time exposure while the blue hour
An excellent shot
Well done
Waylim (25436) 2013-12-23 10:21
Hi Gosia,
Excellent blue hour photo of the square, that would have been enough by itself, but with the decoration of the Christmas tree really adds to the festivities and cheerfulness. The light on the tree with decoration of candies contrast superbly against the dark blue sky.
Merry Christmas to you and family.
carlo62 (81155) 2013-12-23 13:44
Ciao Gosia
questa immagine � proprio bella per mostrarci i festeggiamenti che avvengono a Varsavia, in questo modo mi sento un po' partecipe.
Grazie per gli auguri, contraccambio a te e tutti i tuoi cari.
mesutilgim (116384) 2013-12-23 14:54
Hello Gosia,
Nice X-Mas scenery from Warsaw.
Good pov and good layout. Perfect sharpness.
TFS and Merry Christmas to your !
Alco (7559) 2013-12-23 21:09
Hello Gosia,
Fantastic picture of that Christmas tree and all those illuminated gifts.Superb blue hour shot with very sharp details.One of the nicest Christmas tree I have ever seen.Wow for the colors.Very well done.
Mery Christmas to you.
jjcordier (79299) 2013-12-23 22:36
Magnifique photo d'une tr�s grande qualit�. L'exposition, la composition sont impeccables et les couleurs splendides. Cet arbre de No�l est splendide.
Bonnes f�tes de fin d'ann�e.
krzychu30 (15512) 2013-12-24 1:09
Czesc Gosia,
trzeba przyznac,ze ta choinka prezentuje sie imponujaco(no i te wielkie prezenty pod nia:)chyba nie tylko moje marzenie:)
Super kompozycja i znakomicie oddana swiateczna atmosfera!
Zdrowych,Wesolych Swiat oraz Wszystkiego Najlepszego w Nowym Roku
ourania (51103) 2013-12-24 1:38
Hello Gosia,
this wintry, Christmas aspect of Warsaw is beautiful, it's great how you captured the architecture, the human presence, the golden and blue tones that make the view so fine and suggestive. The Christmas tree is so bright and attractive, it surely brings joy and delight to the inhabitants and visitors of your city. Through your picture we can enjoy the festive atmosphere too. Congratulations and thank you!
All the best, have a wonderful Christmas holiday with your dear ones!
trevormoffiet (3112) 2013-12-24 2:06
Hello Gosia,
I like to see what you can do with the EM5.
This is a terrific blue hour shot; nicely composed. The details and colours of the Christmas tree are simply amazing. Plenty of detail and sharpness also in the surrounding architecture. You obviously had ISO on manual to be able to shoot this at 200 ISO.
Have a merry Christmas
Warmest regards,
SnapRJW (31631) 2013-12-24 2:07
Christmas greeting Gosia ~ may you and yours enjoy the season. Your Christmas tree is so pretty with its candy canes, lollies and sweet decorations! I like the atmosphere of this shot; people are busy moving through the scene and there is a magical and expectant feeling in the air. Beautiful seasonal blue hour shot. Warm regards rosemary
Royaldevon (65352) 2013-12-24 3:23
Good Morning Gosia,
Oh, I wish I was here, to see this in reality!
A lovely blue hour shot, which has captured the magic of the illuminations and set it against this rich, blue backcloth of sky.
The tree is strongly positioned and given a special ambience by the crowds of people, all enjoying its presence.
I wish you a Happy Christmas,
Bev :-)
Disabled_A (0) 2013-12-24 3:46
Hello Gosia,
though I've never been to Poland yet, I already know how beautiful this country is - and especially during Christmas season!:)
You chose an excellent POV and composition to show to us a bit of this festive season:) wonderful Christmas lights and mood created here :)
best wishes of a Very Happy Christmas to you!
macjake (93243) 2013-12-24 5:20
Hi Gosia
how beautiful is that!
stunning shot of Warsaw in the Blue Hour.
love the large boxes of lights on the bottom and the overall illumination.
well done
Merry Christmas!
Hello Gosia,
Belle ambiance de f�te sur cette place avec ce superbe sapin illumin�.
Image bien compos�e et bien cadr�e � l'heure bleue.
Bon No�l.
Cricri (176) 2013-12-24 6:02
Hi Gosia
Belle prise a heure bleu, ce sapin est joliment bien d�cor�e, il est tr�s beau, j'aime les �clairages qui donne un effet chaud aux b�timents, superbe image
Joyeux Noel a toi aussi
photoray (13981) 2013-12-24 7:48
Howdy Gosia,
Very attractive night Xmas scene in Warsaw's Castle Square for the large densely lighted decorated tree with surround light present boxes. The setting is fine for the surrounding classical architecture to remind us of history and traditions.
Best wishes for the Holidays,
Romano46 (18472) 2013-12-24 10:04
Ciao Gosia
alla vigilia del Natale ti sei proposta con una delle tue opere straordinariamente belle per la cura della composizione, della luce e della nitidezza.
Una Varsavia incredibilmente bella nella quale le luci natalizie si fondono a meraviglia con quelle consuete dell'architettura.
Una ripresa effettuata con la solita perfezione che contraddistingue i tuoi lavori.
Una ottima occasione, son solo per ringraziarti , ma per augurare a te un Natale pieno di felicit�.
npecanhuk (79319) 2013-12-24 20:18
Hi! Very beautiful Christmas Tree and a lovely Christmas mood intrat�vel urban space! Attractive picture too! Tfs! Merry Christmas! Neyvan
Nicou (190108) 2013-12-25 0:48
De tr�s belles f�tes et joyeux no�l, quelle iamge quel beua spain sur cette place tout illumin� sueprbe captage et vue merveilleux.
Belle journ�e
pretty Christmas shot colorful and impressive
thousand of lights decorate this beautiful
tree and the whole composition makes me
more happy today
rich photo with rich shining details
many wishes to you for Christmas day
many wishes for a happy new year 2014
boa (8039) 2013-12-25 3:50
Hi Gosia,
wow..fantastic Christmas tree, it looks like a tree from a Disney movie or something:) Excellent composition and atmosphere in this blue hour shot. I haven`t been to Warsaw but I can see there are beautiful architecture there, tfs!
Merry Christmas & Happy New Year
rigoletto (34279) 2013-12-25 8:22
witaj gosia. it seems, the cities are competeing with each other to create the loveliest atmosphere with those christmas lights. superb blue hour again with a rather crowded atmosphere. regarding that it is taken on december 22nd at warsaw, it should not be too late, maybe 4 pm or something.
fabbs99 (17179) 2013-12-25 10:14
Hello Gosia,
Merry Christmas ! This is a remarkable photograph of the Christmas Tree from Warsaw.Lovely colors with excellent sharpness.Excellent composition, good presentation too.Very well done, TFS.
Graal (103040) 2013-12-26 0:52
chyba wszystko tu powiedziano. Piekna warszawska choinka na starowce. Trudne swiatlo ale efekt koncowy bdb. Brawo!
Wszystkiego najlepszego na reszte swiat. Udanego Sylwestra zycze!
m (0) 2013-12-26 5:15
Hi Gosia,
it's nice to see so many beautiful lights in a crystal clear image. Very festive atmosphere, I hope you're thoroughly enjoying your Christmas holidays.
Thanks and best wishes
daddo (28722) 2013-12-26 15:11
Hi Gosia. A vibrant, happy and convivial image with which to celebrate the festive season. beautiful "tree". I wish you a happy and healthy 2014. Pozdrav. Klaudio.
abmdsudi (82776) 2013-12-27 2:38
Hi Gosia
A brilliantly constructed night shot full of sparkling lights and array of stunning colors fulfilling the festive moment but one which shows off your artistic and processing skills. Have a very festive season, Awesome shot, Congrats
Best regards
fotka (6671) 2013-12-27 6:22
Witaj Gosiu,
Bardzo dobre zdjecie w swiatecznej atmosferze z przeslicznie udekorowana choinka. Wspaniale prezentuje sie na tle warszawskich kamieniczek o zmroku. Bardzo dobrej jakosci zdjecie.
Zycze Ci wiele udanych zdjec w Nowym Roku.
Przyjemnego weekendu.
Gigidusud (21669) 2013-12-27 13:36
Hi Gosia,
Beautiful place with nice festive atmosphere and splendid Christmas tree. Beautiful postcard at blue hour. I like it!
Thanks and best wishes!
emka (141104) 2013-12-27 23:17
Witaj Gosia,
Wspaniałe sa te warszawskie bożonarodzeniowe dekoracje. w tym roku nie byłam na Starym Mieście, bo byłam nasycona widokami z Anglii i miałam duzo przygotowań świątecznych. moze jeszcze sie wybiorę. Super zdjecie o błękitnej godzinie. wspaniała ostrość i kolory.
Zyczę wspaniałego Nowego Roku
brianmcc (6221) 2013-12-28 10:32
hi gosia,
this is a wonderful festive picture. you have composed it perfectly and the colours are stunning and very appealing. a lovely picture for the season.
happy new year,
adores (46979) 2013-12-29 9:16
Hi Gosia!
A beautiful Christmas tree and a square full of life! I like the movement of the people around and the blue sky! well taken, the exposure is very good!
Have a great New Year!
eldancer1 (36343) 2013-12-30 7:59
Wow! Love the colors of this Christmas tree! Nicely captured with good lighting and nice details. Very well done, tfs.
I hope you and your family had a wonderful Christmas! Have a safe and wonderful New Year!
ChrisJ (153928) 2013-12-30 14:46
Hi Gosia,
A superb blue hour shot with the golden illumination on the facades of the buildings contrasting well against the clue and cyan tones. Good sharpness and the Christmas tree makes a superb focal point and is well positioned away from the centre. Tfs and have a great New Year!
vjmite (4216) 2014-01-05 2:54
Hi Gosia,
A nice sharp night photo, with great colors. The exposure s just right to bring out the colors without burning them out.
jemaflor (126969) 2014-01-06 10:58
Hi Gosia,
What a beautiful capture with this nice christmas tree and the beeautiful blue night sky in the BG, Very well managed, tfs.
kato (11630) 2014-01-06 23:35
Hello Gosia,
You're capturing well this Christmas scene by a good composition and excellent tone/clarity, so it's interesting and impressive to see the city square with the Christmas tree of the triangular pyramid which attached the decoration and light, and historical buildings in blue hour. The whole is harmonized well by a good arrangement and beautiful color combinatiob. And, it's also impressive in many residents gathering the square.
Kind regards,
tatadalou (7459) 2014-01-20 20:45
Hello Gosia,
Nice blue hour shot. You managed so well the strong light of this Christmas tree, the exerrcise was not easy to keep a good enlightment of the other parts of the picture and you made it perfectly. I like the long exposure time that gives an impression of crowd.
Ninello52 (7576) 2014-01-25 11:55
Hello Gosia!
How are you? Surely, this is one of your best pictures! Magnificent display that enhances colors and lights! Beautiful than the sky, I'd say fantastic! Very nice also the light that illuminates the buildings! Also good composition, beautiful all the details of the image! Biz!
Best Regards, Nino.
Photo Information
- Copyright: Gosia Siudzinska (siudzi) (34141)
- Genre: �a��
- Medium: �m��
- Date Taken: 2013-12-22
- Categories: �ؿv�ADecisive Moment
- Camera: Olympus OMD EM5, Panasonic 12-35mm f2.8
- Exposure�Gf/16, 5 seconds
- Details�GTripod�GYes
- More Photo Info: view
- Photo Version�GOriginal Version
- Theme(s)�GWarsaw [view contributor(s)]
- Date Submitted: 2013-12-23 3:16


text:
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So: any ideas, recommendations?


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