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Influenza viruses can spread quickly, and many of the public health measures that have been taken in recent years have focused on limiting the viruses' transmission through quarantine-style methods. But new data shows the approach may not be very effective. When studying the 1889 "Russian" influenza pandemic, scientists found that the virus was able to spread rapidly across the ocean despite the limited travel of that era.
The way the word "pandemic" seems to be thrown around, you wouldn't know it's fairly rare for an illness to achieve that designation. Since the early 18th century, there have only been 11 viruses that qualify for "pandemic" status, including the most recent spread of the OSIV/H1N1 virus. Only a handful of these pandemics haven been studied, including the 1957, 1968, and 1918 flus. Scientists knew the so-called Russian pandemic of 1889 could be important, but were only recently able to get good data on it, through sources like those that tracked the spread of influenza among various European armies.
There were surprising similarities between the 1889 pandemic data and that of the heavily studied 1918 pandemic. In 1889, the virus spread from Russia through Europe and over to North America over the course of only four months, and had an infection rate similar to the 1918 pandemic, with about two new hosts per sick person. However, the mortality rate from the flu in 1889 was only a tenth of that in 1918.
Scientists also realized that, despite much slower travel in the 19th century, the flu was able to spread almost as quickly as it can today, suggesting that there is a trade-off related to how quickly people move around. Someone carrying the virus can infect fewer people in many places, or many people in fewer places; either way, the virus spreads at more or less the same rate.
This supports mathematical models that show that restricting air travel and similar tactics do little to stop flu spread; if the 19th century flu could do without aircraft, so could the 21st century version. To contain influenza, researchers suggest that we would do better to tailor our methods to the population profile of individual cities, rather than trying to lock them down.
PNAS, 2010. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000886107 (About DOIs).


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Inside With: Will Luera, Artistic Director Of Improvboston
The Del Close Marathon not only showcases the best improv New York City has to offer, but also the best from the rest of the country. ImprovBoston will be represented by three teams this year. I spoke with Artistic Director and Mainstage Cast Member, Will Luera, about the theater's history with the Del Close Marathon and why a Cambridge, Massachusetts theater is called "ImprovBoston."
Will, you've been involved with ImprovBoston since 1997. What brought you to the theater?
I graduated from Boston College in 1997 and my plan was to move back to Chicago or NYC. Before the move, I decided to take some improv classes in the area and I saw an ad for Marjorie Burren, an ImprovBoston alum. I took two levels and by the end of the second level she said I should audition for ImprovBoston. Luckily, they were having auditions a couple of months after classes and I got in! I left IB in 1999 to start my own improv company, Blue Screen Theater, and a year later I was hired again to be the Artistic Director of ImprovBoston.
How do you think ImprovBoston's approach to improv comedy differs from other theaters such as Second City, the UCB, the PIT, etc?
I am a big fan of Organic free-form improvisation. No structure, no form and sometimes no input. We teach our actors that every moment in a show, scene, offer can be deconstructed and can lead to another scene. We teach our actors tools on ways to deconstruct a scene and organically transition to a new one. I truly believe that every show can be entirely unique if you tune in to the sensibilities of the actors and the audience. We go with where the show takes you.
My biggest influence earlier in my career was Burn Manhattan. We did a workshop with them in 1999 and it completely shifted my perspective on improvisation and they're ultimately responsible for the Artistic vision of ImprovBoston today.
This year's marathon features three teams from ImprovBoston (ImprovBoston Mainstage, Marjean & Plan B). What should audience members expect from each of these three shows?
The ImprovBoston Mainstage will feature the style I just described. We have had three amazing years at DCM and we're looking forward to going back. Plan B and Marjean are Chicago-style Harold teams. Both are very talented Harold ensembles and would make Del proud.
How did your involvement with the Del Close Marathon begin?
Our first marathon was in 1999 when I took the old Sitcom Boston troupe. This was back when the festival was only 24 hours and in one space. I remember seeing the original UCB 4 all of the time as well as other – now famous – comedians.
Do you have a favorite Del Close Marathon memory?
My favorite memory was probably two years ago when I was in five different shows across three stages. I submitted all of the shows and they were all accepted. It was great to be so involved in the marathon and to get to perform so much. I also have fond memories of audience members who try to sit through the whole thing. That's just so wonderfully awesome.
ImprovBoston seems to have grown in the past few years. You've moved to a larger theater, organized a variety of festivals and have a growing presence on the national stage. What's next for the ImprovBoston community?
Artistically, I have a few things that I'm trying to focus on for this next season. I would expect more work to come out from our film team and to see us organize more scripted comedy projects. Our sketch department has grown significantly but I would also like to expand into 10-minute, one-act and full-length plays as well as screenwriting and writing for television.
Inquiring minds want to know–why is the theater called ImprovBoston if it is located in the city of Cambridge, MA?
Yes… great question! I think it's kind of how like the New York Jets actually play in Jersey. Actually, in the very early days of ImprovBoston, the group used to perform in and around Boston. Eventually, they landed a regular gig in Cambridge and soon after came a permanent home in Inman Square, Cambridge. Thus, we are stuck with the geographically incorrect description!
ImprovBoston Mainstage will be performing at the UCB Theatre, Saturday at 3 pm. Marjean will be performing at Hudson Guild Theatre Friday at 11:30 pm and Plan B at the Hudson Guild Theatre Saturday at 9:30 pm.

subset: commoncrawl


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State Opera
Originally the Prague State Opera was the Prague New German Theatre. This historical building was opened on January 5th, 1888, with the performance of Wagner�s opera, The Mastersingers of N�rnberg. In the 19th century, Prague Germans performed in the Estate�s Theatre in alternation with a Czech company.
We sorry to inform you that the Prague State Opera has closed for reconstructions of its historical building. The opera and ballet productions have found a refuge in Karlin Theatre since September 2016.
|Legerova 75, Praha 1, 110 00, Czech Republic
|www, email
|http://www.state-opera.com, firstname.lastname@example.com
Prague National Theatre Opera
ElektraComposer: Richard Strauss
State Opera, Prague
Premiere Jun 10, 2016


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Remember when Gov. Andrew Cuomo insisted that cuts to education funding would not need to result in school layoffs, and such claims were a "threat" and a "game?"
Well, it didn't quite play out that way. In the Capital Region, school budgets up for a vote on Tuesday (everybody should vote!) will eliminate 700 positions. That includes 340 teachers and 34 administrators, according to my colleague Scott Waldman.
I asked Cuomo about this yesterday.
"Here are the numbers that are relevant: from about 1996, the number of pupils in public schools has declined by four percent, as a matter of demographics," Cuomo said. "The cost of education has gone up 120 percent. The number of teachers has gone up 10 percent and the number of supervisors has gone up 34 percent. Thirty-four percent. How do you explain those numbers?"
"You bloated the front office. That's what this is about. A bloated management, a bloated bureaucracy of supervisors," he continued. "It's not just about more money."
"Better manage the system, and when you have a 34 percent increase in the number of supervisors, it means to me that you should look at the management bureaucracy – just like corporations," he said. "When you see those kinds of numbers in the private sector, it's a corporation that is losing market share, that has reduced dividends and it's a corporation that's gone bankrupt."
So, I asked the governor, should voters approve these budgets?
"I don't know the numbers, I don't know the facts and people should inform themselves about the facts," he said. "My suggestion would be, before people go and vote, they ask. They ask these questions: how many supervisors? How much are they paid? How many teachers? Can we shrink the bureaucracy? Can we be more efficient can we be more effective? Because we don't have the rate of increase, the money, to continue to fund the way we have been."


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my friend and i have started not so avarage... and now i want to add comments by both him and myself. problem is he lives way far away from me. the best way fo ys to toss the files around is to ftp however i can never get them to assemble in two seperate columns. (my vision is the look that fred gallager got at [url]megatokyo.com[/url] sans the pictures... till i can figure that out as well)
i searched and read alot of different posts and they all point to one solution for this issue.
it seems all i can do is either make a hugely difficult html thingy or some other code writing shenanigans that i have not the knowledge to do...
there must be an easier way...(opens invitation for great and enligetening answers form the great and mighty 'smart ones')
ps my site is http://notsoavarage.comicgenesis.com/


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CAMBRIDGE, Mass.-Eight Harvard and Radcliffe rowers have been chosen to represent their home nations in the World Rowing Under 23 Championships, which begin Thursday in Racice, Czech Republic.
Two Radcliffe oarswomen, rising junior Olivia Coffey and Laura Nicholson '09, will represent the United States. Six Harvard athletes, three lightweights and three heavyweights, will row for four nations: Richard Anderson (Canada), Ryan Bucke (Great Britain), Anthony Locke (Great Britain), Austin Meyer (United States), Jeff Overington '09 (Canada) and Patrick Thornycroft '09 (Zimbabwe).
In total, 834 rowers in 307 boats from 56 nations are scheduled to compete in Racice. Racing begins on Thursday with heats in all 21 events. Repechages and quarterfinals will be held Friday, with semifinals and several placement finals being held on Saturday. The grand finals will be held Sunday. Racing begins each day at 9:30 a.m. local time.
Anderson is a part of the Canadian men's eight. He sat in the four seat of the Crimson varsity eight last season, helping Harvard claim a silver medal at EARC Sprints and place fifth at the IRA National Championships.
Bucke, a rising junior, will row in the coxed four for Great Britain. He spent much of the 2009 season stroking the Harvard second varsity eight and previously helped Great Britain place fourth in the eight at the 2006 Junior World Championships. He also helped the nation win a pair of gold medals at the 2005 Coupe de la Jeunesse.
Coffey will row in the four seat of the U.S. women's eight. She has been a member of Radcliffe's nationally ranked varsity eight in each of her two seasons with the Black and White, earning All-New England honors in 2009. Coffey has helped Radcliffe reach two NCAA Championships and earn a silver medal at EAWRC Sprints in 2009.
Locke, also a rising junior from England, will row in the British eight. He rowed in the seven seat of the Crimson varsity eight last season. He earned a first-place finish for Great Britain in the 2006 Junior World Championships.
Meyer, a rising sophomore, is the stroke for the U.S. lightweight men's four. He is competing for a U.S. national squad for the second straight year after competing in the junior double sculls at the 2008 World Rowing Senior and Junior Championships. He went on to a successful rookie season with the Harvard lightweights, winning the under-23 lightweight division at the C.R.A.S.H.-B. Sprints and helping the Crimson freshman eight place third at Sprints.
Nicholson will occupy the bow seat in the U.S. women's four. She rowed in the Radcliffe varsity eight throughout her career, starting and finishing her tenure as the Black and White varsity stroke. Nicholson helped lead Radcliffe to the 2009 Sprints silver medal and three NCAA appearances.
Overington, who captained the Harvard lightweight crew to the Jope Cup as team champion at EARC Sprints, is part of the Canadian lightweight four. He occupied the seven seat in the Crimson varsity eight in 2009, helping the boat take a silver medal at Sprints and a bronze at the IRA National Championships.
Thornycroft will compete for Zimbabwe in the single sculls before returning to Harvard for his sophomore year. He spent his rookie season in the three seat of the Crimson freshman eight, which earned a Sprints bronze. Harvard lightweight freshman coach Linda Muri will serve as Thornycroft's coach for the event.
Photo of the varsity eight courtesy of Gil Tablot.


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National Jewish has grand plans for Saturday's Beaux Arts Ball
It's probably safe to say that in a town like likes its black-tie galas, the Beaux Arts Ball for National Jewish Health is among Denver's swankiest annual affairs. And when people are supporting a cause to the extent they do each year with this one, they want the grand treatment. Hence the theme of this year's gala: Grand Court Ball.
The event, which will be held Saturday at the Hyatt Regency Denver at Colorado Convention Center, attracts 1,200 patrons and brings in serious funding for NJH. Last year, $2 million was raised for programs at the hospital and research center. Tickets are $500 per person, and patron tables fetch up to $100,000 for a presenting sponsor.
So, they've devised a grand dress code: "Black Tie and Tiara (if you wish)." This is an occasion where you don't want to show up in a short dress, ladies; or a dark suit rather than a tuxedo, gents.
Arlene Hirschfeld, who with husband Barry Hirschfeld is a fixture on the philanthropy scene, plans to wear an Oscar de la Renta gown for the occasion. She took the liberty of adding lace and pearls to the bodice and was aided in her dressmaking by Anna Levenshstein. "I know my own mind about fashion and buy only clothes I love, but I'll sometimes restyle things, particularly for an event like the Beaux Arts Ball," Hirschfeld says. "This is an event where you're going to get dressed up."
But Hirschfeld is not about to take herself too seriously: with her black gown she'll wear a tiara she received when she was named junior prom queen at George Washington High School. "It came from Woolworth's and I've kept it all these years," she says.
The dress and crown will be complemented by the Hyatt ballroom's decor. Red roses, gold and silver, and sparkling crystal chandeliers will set the tone, according to NJH spokeswoman Amy MacGregor Hoffman. Guests will dine on a "duet" entree of slow-braised osso busco and crusted sea bass. The Viennese-theme dessert will be an individual "royal court cake" with cherry rose jelly topped with a chocolate crown and cherry.
A live auction at the event will have packages that include a "Wine, Love and Adventure in New Zealand" trip, valued at $20,000; a "Get Away Like Bond. James Bond" vacation; and a Hyde Park "Jewels of the Desert" trip and jewelry.
The ball starts at 6 p.m. with "Once Upon a Cocktail," followed by the dinner at 8, entertainment at 9 and a dessert and coffee bar at 10 p.m. Tickets are still available, starting at $500 per person. Contact Candace Wilson at 303-728-6572 or by e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com


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LOS ANGELES — Firing on all engines, NASA's latest rover to Mars has executed a course adjustment that put it on track for a landing on the Red Planet in August.
Deep space antennas monitored the one-ton rover nicknamed Curiosity as it fired its thrusters in a choreographed three-hour maneuver on Wednesday.
"We're a big step closer to our entry point at the Martian atmosphere," said Arthur Amador of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
The course correction is the most important task Curiosity will perform during its 352-million-mile (566-million-kilometer) trip to Mars, but it's not unprecedented. Previous robotic explorers have had to adjust their paths several times en route to landing.
As NASA celebrated Curiosity's latest milestone, Russia's space agency grappled with its doomed Phobos-Ground probe.
Bound for a Martian moon, Phobos-Ground became stranded in Earth orbit soon after launching in November. After several failed attempts to put it back on course, pieces of the probe could plunge through Earth's atmosphere as early as this weekend.
Meanwhile, Curiosity has racked up 80 million miles (129 million kilometers) and was traveling at 10,200 mph (16,400 kilometers per hour) relative to the Earth.
The action began Tuesday when engineers uploaded commands to Curiosity's on-board computers. On cue, it refined its trajectory without human interference — thrusting 200 times in short bursts Wednesday and increasing its speed by 12 mph (19 kilometers per hour).
"It was pretty darn flawless," Amador said.
Next adjustment in March
The team will spend the next week testing the spacecraft's communication system and other components. A second smaller path adjustment was planned for March.
If Curiosity did not tweak its route, it would miss Mars altogether because it was initially not aimed at the planet. Engineers did this by design to prevent the upper stage of the rocket that launched the spacecraft from hitting Mars.
Now that Curiosity has separated and is on its way, the team has several chances to fine-tune its path before touchdown. During the interplanetary cruise, the rover is tucked in a shell that will protect it during its plunge through the upper Martian atmosphere.
Space news from NBCNews.com
Teen's space mission fueled by social media
Science editor Alan Boyle's blog: "Astronaut Abby" is at the controls of a social-media machine that is launching the 15-year-old from Minnesota to Kazakhstan this month for the liftoff of the International Space Station's next crew.
- Buzz Aldrin's vision for journey to Mars
- Giant black hole may be cooking up meals
- Watch a 'ring of fire' solar eclipse online
- Teen's space mission fueled by social media
Curiosity, whose formal name is the Mars Science Laboratory, is aiming for a 96-mile-wide (155-kilometer-wide) crater near the Martian equator that boasts a towering mountain in the center. The six-wheeled, nuclear-powered rover planned to drive to the lower flanks and examine the layered deposits to determine whether the area once had conditions capable of supporting microbial life.
Armed with a toolkit including a laser to zap into bedrock and a jackhammer, Curiosity is more sophisticated than previous Mars surface spacecraft. Despite its capabilities, it won't be able to detect life. Instead, it will hunt for the chemical building blocks of life during its two-year, $2.5 billion mission.
Sky crane set up
Since Curiosity is too heavy to use a cocoon of airbags or rely solely on its parachute to safely reach the planet's surface, NASA will attempt a new type of landing using a so-called sky crane system.
The parachute will detach and a rocket-powered platform will fire its engines, then lower the rover to the ground on a tether similar to the way hovering heavy-lift helicopters lower huge loads at the end of a cable.
Even before arrival, Curiosity has not been idle. Several weeks after launch, it turned on its radiation detector to monitor high-energy particles streaming from the sun and exploding stars. Once at Mars, it will measure radiation levels on the surface.
Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Living with multiple sclerosis can be an uphill battle. The Life With MS Blog, however, has always been a two-way street.
As I prepare for a 2.5-hour MRI this afternoon, I began to think about how much I've learned from all of you here in the community. For the first time, after comments earlier in the month, I thought about getting an anti-anxiety drug for the trip into the tunnel.
I'm not actually going to take anything; I usually fall asleep in the thing! It was, however, just one of the many examples of times when I've learned from this wonderful group.
Be they coping skills or side effects of drugs, experiences or opinions – you really are the best group of co-passengers anyone could wish for on the stupid-arsed ride we call MS!
I do have to away here shortly, and apologize for the brevity of this post. I think this would be a good time to reflect on the things that we've learned from one another here in these cyber pages.
What have you taken away from a comment that has helped you live your life with MS a little bit better?
Wishing you and your family the best of health.


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Tang-Zhong Whole Wheat Multigrain
I have been baking regularly on weekends, but haven't had the chance to post a blog. Lately, my parents, whom I bake mostly for have complained that the crusts of my breads were too chewy, and demanded a softer version of my hearth multigrain bread. Butter, and/or enrichments came to mind instantly as these soften the crust and crumb, in addition to the usage of a bread pan instead of baking on hearth which also contributes to bread softness. However, recalling Floyd's wonderful soft bread using Tang Zhong, I immediately knew that a Tang Zhong (aka: water roux) will bring much softness and tenderness to my multigrain breads without increasing the fat content.
Guided by Floyd' recipe, I limited my Tang Zhong to 5% of total flour weight. It was made with 45 grams of White bread flour, and 225 grams of water. After all ingredients were mixed, the dough was unmanageably wet and would not form coherent dough. I was worried about the effects that Tang Zhong's might have on my recipe, but I persisted and added slightly more flour. The dough began to come together and was finally manageable, although still wet.
After 2 hours worth of initial bulk fermentation, and two stretches and folds, the dough was retarded for an hour, to allow my poolish baguettes to be baked first:
Shaped and molded, final proofing took 3-3.5 hours, and was then was baked at 420F for 15 minutes (no steam), and 400F for 20 minutes.
The bread was allowed to cool for 2 hours, after which it was sliced and wrapped. The bread is incredibly soft, tender, moist, and full of grain/seed goodness! Next bake, I'll reduce the hydration to a reasonable level.
- Khalid


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DetailsPackaged with all parts needed for easy operation, the 3M Filtrete 3US-PS01 undersink water filtration system goes to work immediately after installation, reducing up to 99% of the impurities that can cause flavor and quality issues in your tap water. A genuine OE system, made by the manufacturer in the USA, this system will perform on one filter for up to six months. Order the 3M Filtrete 3US-PS01 undersink water filtration system online today.
- Ships fast!
- Genuine OE part, made in the USA
- Serves great tasting, high quality water for up to six months
- Made in the U.S.A.
- Genuine OEM Product
- Installation Guide for FILTRETE-3US-PS01
- User Guide for FILTRETE-3US-PS01
The FILTRETE-3US-PS01 is comparable with the following part numbers
Filtrete 3US-AF01 3US-PF01 3US-PS01
Replacement for the Following UPC
00051141232478 50051131999782 051131999787
ContaminantsThis product reduces the following contaminants:
- The FILTRETE-3US-PS01 does not reduce fluoride.
Package Qty 1 Video Code (Installation Tab) N/A Text for video (Installation Tab) N/A Installation Tab Text1 N/A Installation Tab Img1 (Url) N/A Installation Tab Text2 N/A Installation Tab Img2 (Url) N/A Specs Tab Text N/A Primary Contaminants N/A Features Tab Text N/A Videos and Articles Tab - Related articles (Html) N/A Used In Brands Filtrete Manufacturer's Id 3US-PS01 MSDS Document N/A UPC 051131999787 Actual Size (in) 13 7/8 inches (height) x 3 1/4 inches (length) x 4 inches (depth) Actual Size (cm) 35.2425 x 8.255 x 10.16 System Sizing N/A Primary Filter Media N/A Filter Life (gallons) 2,000 Filter Life (liters) 7,570.82 Filter Life (months) 6 months Micron Rating (Nominal) 0.5 Operating Pressure (psi) 25 - 125 Operating Temperature (°F) 40 - 100 Operating Temperature (°C) 4.4 - 37.8 Flow Rate (gpm) 1.5 Flow Rate (lpm) 5.678 Reduction Class N/A Warranty Guarantee 1 year limited warranty Includes Installation and Operating Instructions, Filter Head/Bracket, 5 feet of 3/8 inch Tubing, 3/8 inch x 1/2 inch Faucet Adaptor, 3/8 inch Ferrule, 3/8 inch Compression Hex Nut, 3/8 inch Tube Insert, 2 Phillips Mounting Screws, 1 3US-PF01 Filter Cartridge Additional Information Approximately 3-inch clearance required below system for filter change Primary Filter Media N/A


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Why Your Boss Hates Mark Zuckerberg
Roughly one in five employers has blocked its employees from using Facebook on their work computers, but efforts to ban social media may be futile. Catey Hill reports on Lunch Break. Photo: Getty Images
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... I ... your house key Mark's October is just simple is that it's not personal it's just that ... Mark will be stealing employees well even wasting time ... here on Lunch Break discussed how more companies are trying a Nikkei and in many cases actually failing ... to pay the Facebook network is Katie Gill for MarketWatch dot com hey the main area of the ... I'm guide that I can answer my thinking how ... I use Facebook to get myself me I could use Facebook to work every day talk about this band and this is on work computers I see him in ... not on your hands ... yes underwear computer and one in five inflaters bands Facebook on the work computer so that no planes are affected by that ... I mean to not be the obvious thing is it's just you get when you're on Facebook you're not working for that company ... Jamey some might think how can the ticket collector couple times a day but I've seen a lot of cities we talked about how much read ... about how long it takes you to read refocused what you've you've been here in Atlanta not only is it billions in productivity loss but it takes the average person many get distracted about lead up to like twenty three minutes to refocus ... the time that they've gotten on Facebook and don't really know what to do that every year in the bond like ... it didn't need and you have the brains like me can relate to operate with looking out the window in and to think and the computers that might use that cannot be and I have read here I can yell route with this in the know were my I phone which is less conspicuous and check if they're not exactly what they're doing seventy five percent of employee is just check Facebook or Twitter all that social media read on the I phone ... and that sixty percent yet multiple times a day yet they're banning it from your work computer ... is having a price on your smartphone in using Facebook and Twitter that they just played apples and get bill again I mean ... it's only the more obvious that you're doing something that's not work oriented when you're on your I pad or even born here and here I found perhaps right and that maybe there's unity some help there was a litany of Facebook or Twitter from your computer will actually keep you often been a little bit more than not been in evidence in this in your smartphone for like thirty min and sitting there with you please looking not like I think of the top amount that can employ the town but it will cut down to something completely prevent people from looking at Facebook and Twitter to my ... heads of companies in any of your internal Avici were encouraged in many cases to be on Twitter to be on Facebook ... because versus the socializing what we're doing here and I was a lot of companies to promote their brands ... and millennials are just completely connected all but their brains are hardwired often in to their smartphones to the Kennedy family is in Phase bumpkin as they're called my body knowing when or for many many years ... to many expect companies to let him use it ... in this merging of work and home you know I think homeware Center everyone does it answer emails that night's you expect a deal to do some home stuff like Facebook it was ... this country a little better is that me when I am what did not give them an answer in the boss of the Melbourne I can't use Facebook in the office to really get all of that year I think it's probably think about today listen you know ... maybe they should be using Facebook on network appearing with because a lot of things can actually ... go right and and see what we do and see which are riding on her work here today have the elite technology twice due to ... me that the law ... a deal I don't I don't like


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The PSA Journal includes recurring articles dedicated to the news of the PSA divisions, clubs, Chapters, and International PSA news; all compiled by member-editors. The PSA Journal News Editors gather the news regarding the group they represent; edit the information; and submit it to the PSA Journal Editor.
|Projected Image Division (PID) News Editor
✉ Joanne Stolte, HonPSA, MPSA, EFIAP, ESFIAP·
|Nature Division News Editor
|Photojournalism Division News Editor
Photo Travel Division News Editor
Chapter News Editor


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Have a loved one affected with dementia? Get resources, recommendations, charts and advice for the support you need.
Download the eBook
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Market Monitor Audiocasts
May 2019 Market Monitor
At our recent New York Due Diligence conference, we asked three of our investment specialists to provide perspective on market volatility in Q4 and the subsequent rebound in Q1. In this video, Brandon Harrell of TSW, Tim Rudderow of Mt. Lucas, and Brandon Geisler of Marsico explain what they are doing in their portfolios now, and how they are positioned for the remainder of 2019.
January 2019 Market Monitor
At our recent Toronto Due Diligence conference, we asked six of our Investment specialists to share their market outlook for 2019. In this video, managers from Picton Mahoney, Franklin Templeton, Irish Life, Mackenzie, Mawer, and Mt. Lucas provide their perspectives of what 2019 might bring, with a conclusion from Corrado Tiralongo, Counsel's Chief Investment Officer.
October 2018 Market Monitor
We caught up with four of our investment specialists at our recent Fall Summit in Whistler, B.C., and we asked them for their perspective on the markets and the positioning of their portfolios. Managers from Marsico, Timbercreek, Mackenzie and Wasatch provide insight on the value they add to their portfolios, and how they are positioning their mandates in the current market environment and in the event of a potential economic downturn. Corrado Tiralongo, Counsel's Chief Investment Officer, concludes by explaining how it all fits together.
May 2018 Market Monitor
Five of our investment specialists with diverse investment styles and strategies share their unique points of view. Managers from Marsico, Franklin Templeton, Picton Mahoney, Wasatch and Acadian provide their views on where are we now, and where we might go from here, and Corrado Tiralongo, Counsel's Chief Investment Officer, puts it all into perspective.


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Oct 03, 2019
The Aquatics Assistant Swim Team Coach will enjoy working in a fast-paced environment and will help our Swim Team members improve their swimming in our state-of-the-art recreational and lap pools. A typical day for an Assistant Swim Team Coach could include working with the Head Swim Team Coach in writing and leading Swim Team Group Workouts. They will assist the Head Swim team Coach in Registering new participants for the Team as well as help to maintain the cleanliness and order of our Aquatics Facilities. Job Duties and Responsibilities Provides competitive swimmers the opportunity to master technique Leads daily practices under the direction of the head coach Promotes all Life Time products, services and programs Position Requirements High School Diploma or GED 1 year of swim coaching experience Member of ASCA Member of USA Swimming CPR/AED certification required within 60 days of hire Successfully complete and pass Life Time Swim Instructor Certification Ability to work in a stationery position and move about the club for prolonged periods of time Ability to communicate and exchange information with guests who have inquiries about Life Time products and services Ability to swim 25 yards/meters without stopping Ability to routinely and repetitively bend to lift 20 lbs or less and occasionally bend to lift more than 20lbs Preferred Requirements* ASCA Level 1 Certification or higher Job Type: Part-time
Life Time Athletic Life Time Athletic Houston Greenway - Preview Center, East Greenway Plaza, Houston, TX, USA Part time


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Scientific posters present technical information and are intended for congress or presentations with colleagues. Since LaTeX is the most natural choice to typeset scientific documents, one should be able to create posters with it. This article explains how to create posters with latex
The two main options when it comes to writing scientific posters are tikzposter and beamerposter. Both offer simple commands to customize the poster and support large paper formats. Below, you can see a side-to-side comparison of the output generated by both packages (tikzposter on the left and beamerposter on the right).
Tikzposter is a document class that merges the projects fancytikzposter and tikzposter and it's used to generate scientific posters in PDF format. It accomplishes this by means the TikZ package that allows a very flexible layout.
Open an example of the tikzposter class in Overleaf
The preamble in a tikzposter class has the standard syntax.
\documentclass[24pt, a0paper, portrait]{tikzposter} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \title{Tikz Poster Example} \author{Overleaf Team} \date{\today} \institute{Overleaf Institute} \usetheme{Board} \begin{document} \maketitle \end{document}
The first command,
\documentclass[...]{tikzposter} declares that this document is a tikzposter. The additional parameters inside the brackets set the font size, the paper size and the orientation; respectively.
The available font sizes are:
12pt, 14pt, 17pt, 20pt and
24pt. The possible paper sizes are:
a0paper, a1paper and
a2paper. There are some additional options, see the further reading section for a link to the documentation.
The commands
date and
institute are used to set the author information, they are self-descriptive.
The command
\usetheme{Board} sets the current theme, i.e. changes the colours and the decoration around the text boxes. See the reference guide for screenshots of the available themes.
The command
\maketitle prints the title on top of the poster.
Open an example of the tikzposter class in Overleaf
The body of the poster is created by means of text blocks. Multi-column placement can be enabled and the width can be explicitly controlled for each column, this provides a lot of flexibility to customize the look of the final output.
\documentclass[25pt, a0paper, portrait]{tikzposter} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \title{Tikz Poster Example} \author{Overleaf Team} \date{\today} \institute{Overleaf Institute} \usepackage{blindtext} \usepackage{comment} \usetheme{Board} \begin{document} \maketitle \block{~} { \blindtext } \begin{columns} \column{0.4} \block{More text}{Text and more text} \column{0.6} \block{Something else}{Here, \blindtext \vspace{4cm}} \note[ targetoffsetx=-9cm, targetoffsety=-6.5cm, width=0.5\linewidth ] {e-mail \firstname.lastname@example.com}} \end{columns} \begin{columns} \column{0.5} \block{A figure} { \begin{tikzfigure} \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{images/lion-logo.png} \end{tikzfigure} } \column{0.5} \block{Description of the figure}{\blindtext} \end{columns} \end{document}
In tikzposter the text is organized in blocks, each block is created by the command
\block{}{} which takes two parameters, each one inside a pair of braces. The first one is the title of the block and the second one is the actual text to be printed inside the block.
The environment
columns enables multi-column text, the command
\column{} starts a new column and takes as parameter the relative width of the column, 1 means the whole text area, 0.5 means half the text area and so on.
The command
\note[]{} is used to add additional notes that are rendered overlapping the text block. Inside the brackets you can set some additional parameters to control the placement of the note, inside the braces the text of the note must be typed.
The standard LaTeX commands to insert figures don't work in tikzposter, the environment
tikzfigure must be used instead.
Open an example of the tikzposter class in Overleaf
The package beamerposter enhances the capabilities of the standard beamer class, making it possible to create scientific posters with the same syntax of a beamer presentation.
By now there are not may themes for this package, and it is slightly less flexible than tikzpopster, but if you are familiar with beamer, using beamerposter don't require learning new commands.
Note: In this article a special
beamerposter theme will be used. The theme "RedLion" is based on the theme "Dreuw" created by Philippe Dreuw and Thomas Deselaers, but it was modified to make easier to insert the logo and print the e-mail address at the bottom of the poster. Those are hard-coded in the original themes.
Even though this article explains how to typeset a poster in LaTeX, the easiest way is to use a template as start point. We provide several in the Overleaf templates page
Open an example of the beamerposter package in Overleaf
The preamble of a beamerposter is basically that of a beamer presentation, except for an additional command.
\documentclass{beamer} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{times} \usepackage{amsmath,amsthm, amssymb} \boldmath \usetheme{Sharelatex} \usepackage[orientation=portrait,size=a0,scale=1.4,debug]{beamerposter} \title[Beamer Poster]{Overleaf example of the beamerposter class} \author[firstname.lastname@example.com]{Overleaf Team} \institute[Overleaf University]{The Overleaf institute, Learn faculty} \date{\today} \logo{\includegraphics[height=7.5cm]{lion-logo}}
The first command in this file is
\documentclass{beamer}, which declares that this is a beamer presentation. The theme "RedLion" is set by
\usetheme{RedLion}. There are some beamer themes on the web, most of them can be found in the web page of the beamerposter authors.
The command
Imports the
beamerposter package with some special parameters: the orientation is set to
portrait, the poster size is set to
a0 and the fonts are scaled to
1.4. The poster sizes available are a0, a1, a2, a3 and a4, but the dimensions can be arbitrarily set with the options
The rest of the commands set the standard information for the poster: title, author, institute, date and logo. The command
\logo{} won't work in most of the themes, and has to be set by hand in the theme's .sty file. Hopefully this will change in the future.
Open an example of the beamerposter package in Overleaf
Since the document class is beamer, to create the poster all the contents must be typed inside a
frame environment.
\documentclass{beamer} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{times} \usepackage{amsmath,amsthm, amssymb} \boldmath \usetheme{Sharelatex} \usepackage[orientation=portrait,size=a0,scale=1.4]{beamerposter} \title[Beamer Poster]{Overleaf example of the beamerposter class} \author[firstname.lastname@example.com]{Overleaf Team} \institute[Overleaf University] {The Overleaf institute, Learn faculty} \date{\today} \logo{\includegraphics[height=7.5cm]{lion-logo}} \begin{document} \begin{frame}{} \vfill \begin{block}{\large Fontsizes} \centering {\tiny tiny}\par {\scriptsize scriptsize}\par {\footnotesize footnotesize}\par {\normalsize normalsize}\par ... \end{block} \end{block} \vfill \begin{columns}[t] \begin{column}{.30\linewidth} \begin{block}{Introduction} \begin{itemize} \item some items \item some items ... \end{itemize} \end{block} \end{column} \begin{column}{.48\linewidth} \begin{block}{Introduction} \begin{itemize} \item some items and $\alpha=\gamma, \sum_{i}$ ... \end{itemize} $$\alpha=\gamma, \sum_{i}$$ \end{block} ... \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} \end{document}
Most of the content in the poster is created inside a
block environment, this environment takes as parameter the title of the block.
The environment
columns enables multi-column text, the environment
\column starts a new columns and takes as parameter the width of said column. All LaTeX units can be used here, in the example the column width is set relative to the text width.
Open an example of the beamerposter package in Overleaf
Tikzposter themes
For more information see


text:
In a classic case of a bad consequence to an otherwise-good idea, 14 acres of Californian vineyard planted in the 1880's are at risk of being bulldozed in the course of environmental restoration.
The Environmental Impact Report on the Dutch Slough Tidal Marsh Restoration Project, which plans to restore 1178 acres of farmland to tidal marsh around the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, is currently open for comment. To sign a petition asking for a 14-acre exception for the historic Carignane vineyard, go here.
Reasons why this matters:
1. The vines and vineyard represent agricultural techniques (sustainable, non-irrigated farming) valuable as both a historical and a practical lesson.
2. Carignane vines used to be common in California, but are now rare. This vineyard is a living testament to what the pre-prohibition California wine industry looked like.
3. Viticulture researchers look at grape genetics to understand why vines work the way they do and how we can make them work better. Jim Wolpert, the preeminent California viticulturist, argued that these vines represent a unique and useful source of grape genetic material in the letter he wrote to the project directors. Once that material is gone, it's gone.
The petition organizers have compiled a much longer and more detailed list of reasons to preserve the vineyard.
The Tidal Marsh Restoration Project is, on the whole, a really excellent thing. 1178 acres of fields bordering Oakley that would otherwise have been turned into asphalt and concrete instead being turned into tidal marsh — wetlands where streams and rivers meet the sea — with adjacent "shaded channels, native grasslands, and riparian forests," according to the project description. If you live in a coastal state, you probably toured a tidal marsh as a school kid; they're incredible habitats for all manner of birds and fish and amphibians and insects and what-not (your teacher may have called it an estuary; they're overlapping categories). The Environmental Protection Agency says that tidal marshes even help regulate water flow during drought-flood cycles because they're big, flattish spaces that tolerate a lot of water rising and falling. Bacteria in marshes improve water quality by processing fertilizer run-off, too.
All of this is great for local native wildlife, increasingly being pushed out — and let's be blunt about it: killed and threatened with extinction — when developers build fancy high-rises over their habitats.
BUT: 14 acres in the middle of this area-to-be-restored contain some of the oldest vines in California. Those vines are irreplaceable. We can conserve the vines and otherwise proceed with the restoration project.
Saving the vineyard isn't about the wine industry versus environmentalism. This isn't about money. It's about the value of conserving history, about recognizing that historic vineyards merit the same consideration as historic buildings and other monuments, and about not doing irreversible things today that we're going to regret in the future. I'd encourage you to sign the petition, send a comment to Patty Finfrock at email@example.com, and help stop a bad thing from happening for a good reason.


text:
If you like Gundam and always wanted to draw like it, then today is your lucky day!
DragoArt members upload artwork and drawing tutorials! They are also allowed to leave comments on tutorials, profiles, etc. Many more features, as well; it's way better than just being a boring guest! Register Now!


text:
|Head Coach
There's no doubt that success has been a hallmark of Cathy Motta's 12 seasons as head coach of the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth swimming teams.
Motta begins her 13th season at the helm of the Corsairs, who are looking to earn another women's Little East Conference championship, do well at the New England Championships and qualify swimmers for Eastern College Athletic Conference and NCAA Championship competition.
During the 2003-04 season, the UMD women finished second at the Division III New England Championships, while the men placed sixth overall. Five years ago, the Corsair women were third at the New England Championships, and the men finished seventh. The Corsairs claimed Little East Conference championships in 2004-05 and again in 2005-06.
Her peers have recognized Motta's success. She has recently served as the President of the New England Intercollegiate Swimming and Diving Association and was named Women's Coach of the Yearfollowing the 2000-01 season.
A 1991 graduate of UMass Dartmouth when it was known as Southeastern Massachusetts University, Motta was a member of the Corsairs' swimming and diving team as an undergraduate.She set two school records and had the privilege of coaching Amy Stucchi, who broke both of them before she graduated in 2004.
After earning a Bachelor of Science Degree in Biology at UMD, Motta earned another Bachelor of Science Degree in Physical Education from Westfield State College, with a concentration in athletic training/health and fitness. In 1997, she completed work on an Associate of Science Degree in Occupational Therapy from Bristol Community College.
Prior to joining the staff at UMass Dartmouth, Motta was an assistant swimming coach at Dartmouth Swim Academy. She also served as an assistant swimming coach while a student at Westfield State.
Motta is an American Council on Exercise Certified Personal Trainer and is certified in both Massachusetts and Rhode Island as a Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant. She holds CPR, First Aid and Advanced Lifesaving certificates from the American Red Cross.
Call the coach: (508) 910-6462
Email the coach: firstname.lastname@example.com
Mailing address:
Team Office
c/o Tripp Center
285 Old Wesport Road
Dartmouth, MA 02747-2300


text:
Though his scrambling effort just wasn't enough, we're giving Gael Monfils another day in the TSF spotlight with kudos to that bod. Looks like the Frenchman has been hitting the gym. If anything, the perennial top 20 player will be back in 2010 as a threat at the must-be-in-good-shape Aussie, and – of course – at the grueling French Open.
What Dolphins fan sported a visor in the stands yesterday on Ashe? Check it out after the jump.
Venus watched sister Serena advance to the semifinals under an orange Miami glow. The two are still in doubles and play in quarterfinal action today.
(photos via Yahoo! Sports)


text:
"Tattoo Ink, from friends for friends – but only for good friends -that's what our Bullets are"
Graduated Engineer Michael "the Michel" Dirks
The project Bullets Tattoo Ink describes the joining of experienced and creative tattooists with the goal of developing tattoo ink which answers the needs of tattoo artists without violating the tattoo regulations. Meanwhile a lot of friends are responsible for the great outcome and were busy mixing and testing for the past two years.
This time we can also claim: " From Tattooists – For Tattooists". Of course with the help of engineers and chemical technical assistants of the HAN GmbH.
Now we are able to offer ink which combines all of that.***
- Brilliant light-resistant ink.
- Easy to handle and high luminosity.
- According to German tattoo regulations.
- No azo pigments and therefore no carcinogenic aromatic amines.
- Crystal clear, easy to press PET bottles "made in Germany". Do not contain softeners!
- 35ml bottle at reasonable prices.
Just an ink for our friends.
Safety and Service for tattooists
The inks are tested periodically in order to offer safety to the tattooists from all over the world. Optimizing quality management is a constant concern.
Therefore the azo dyes have been replaced by more stable polycyclic pigments paying attention to not use risky substances during manufacture.
Furthermore, before the colours were placed on the market, every single pigment has been tested for cytotoxicity and phototoxicity to reduce the risk of any undesirable reaction.
Thus, the H-A-N GmbH has introduced the first and so far the only tattoo ink without any azo dye. Consequently they don't contain any cancer-causing aromatic amine.
The dissolvents and adhesive agents used, consist exclusively of cosmetic and pharmaceutical raw materials, according to the Resolution ResAp (2008)1 on requirements and criteria for the saftey of tattoos and permanent make-up, and the German Tattoo-Agents-Regulation (Tätowiermittelverordnung), including regular quality checks.
- Highly pigmented, maximum percentage ever. Recognisable by pigment or pigments listed first on most of the bottles.
- Free of azo dyes, therefore no aromatic amines. We do not use low-grade pigments and won't use them in the future! Who claims that azo dyes lasts longer than our azo-free high performance pigments does not know nothing whatsoever about pigment chemistry.
- Perfect results, high luminosity, easy to handle.
- 35ml easy-to-press PET bottles made in Germany. No plasticisers.
- Conforming to the German Tattoo-Agents-Regulation.
- Made in Germany.
|Shop By Brand
|Bullets Tattoo Ink
|Special Inks for
|Lining & Filling
|Bottle Size


text:
SALVADOR, Brazil(Reuters) - Portugal defender Pepe faces the possibility of a three-match ban for violent conduct after being sent off in the first half of Monday's World Cup Group G game against Germany.
Pepe, who has a long history of losing his cool and lashing out at opponents, leant into Germany striker Thomas Mueller with his head, making contact and applying pressure in a needless altercation that could bring him a stiff punishment.
The Brazil-born centre back had caught Mueller in the face in an innocuous-looking challenge but took umbrage as Mueller went down, returning to the forward and thrusting his forehead against the German's.
Serbian referee Milorad Mazic had no hesitation in dismissing Pepe in the 37th minute.
A red card brings a mandatory one-game ban at the World Cup but that is usually extended in the case of a sending-off for violent play.
Pepe's latest episode of violent conduct follows a series of similar incidents in recent years playing for his club Real Madrid, including one in a La Liga match against Getafe in April 2009 which earned him a 10-game ban.
With the scores level at 2-2 and three minutes left in the clash at the Bernabeu, Pepe pushed Getafe's Francisco Casquero and the referee awarded a penalty.
Pepe then kicked Casquero on the ground and a second swipe saw him rake his studs over the midfielder's back. In the ensuing melee he struck another Getafe player, Juan Albin, in the face.
He was shown a straight red card, having already picked up a yellow earlier in the match.
He was red-carded in a bad-tempered Champions League semi-final against Barcelona in 2011 for a studs-up lunge on Barca full back Dani Alves and earned wide condemnation for stamping on Lionel Messi's hand in another Real-Barca game in 2012.
Additional reporting by Iain Rogers,; Reporting by Mark Gleeson,; Editing by Ed Osmond; firstname.lastname@example.com; +55 21985471451; Reuters Messaging: firstname.lastname@example.com; To sign up for our Global Sports Forum chatroom, click here


text:
tbudak necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 39 diseños de 3 diseñadores freelance.
We realize the concept may seem complex or busy, but defining the meaning of the logo to clients will be at the core of the companies marketing strategy. Once clients understand the meaning, seeing the logo will serve as a constant reminder of the company values and goals.
Budak Financial Group, LLC
Registered Investment Adviser
Desired Color Scheme:
Royal Blue and Gold are the primary
Desired Style:
The design style should convey a royal, traditional feel. Stability. Protection.
Accepted File Formats:
Elements to be included. A Bull and Bear - traditionally as supporters(one on each side)of the shield. We like the idea of a Chevron Shield. We would like to see the company name "Budak Financial Group, LLC" worked into the design (sorry to state the obvious)- possibly as a banner? Lastly, if you can work an Eagle into either the shield or above the shield that would be a bonus.
We know that's a lot of info. Google "heraldry" to get a flavor of what we want. We will give tons of feedback. We've seen what you all can do and are excited to see what the true professionals out there can come up with. Much more opportunities exist for future work too.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


text:
This is the cover of the current Seattle Weekly featuring my portrait of John McKay. We had some difficulties scheduling this one, and it went right down to the wire. Thankfully we were able to get some time with John the night before the issue went to press. I really like this picture. It is a simple portrait, but there is so much about it that makes it fun to look at. His eyes are bright and focused, as if he is looking right at you. One eyebrow is slightly raised giving him a a strong sense of confidence, and maybe even a bit of mischeviousness. The subtle tilt of his head, and parted lips seem like he is either about to say something profound, or even start laughing. I never get tired of photographing people, and I love that I learn something new about expression, emotion, trust, interaction, light, and timing every time I take a picture. As much as I always feel the need to try something different, I don't think I will ever get tired of photographing faces, because there is always something new to see and learn.
You can read the corresponding story on the Seattle Weekly website here.


text:
I'm new to progremming so i don't know how to use LikeBtn for all photos in my gallery, and not just for the whole page. I guess this "Unique string corresponding to the page or element on the page (news ID, for example). If parameter is not defined, page URL is used (URL parameters after "?" are ignored)." should explain but i don't get it.
And one more thing, does LikeBtn uses mysql database cause i would like to store likes in db so that i can display photos based on number off likes.


text:
Handcrafted marzipan from Toledo
Marzipan is a very typical sweet in our country. Its popularity increases during the Christmas season due to the traditional figurines that are created with this almond paste. This product is made mainly in the province of Toledo and can take a variety of forms.
There are several possibilities for the origins of marzipan. Some put its origins in China. From there it was passed to the Middle East and the Arabic Empire introduced it to our lands. In Toledo, one of the main production centres, its origins are attributed to the nuns of the convent of San Clemente: following one of the famines that often affected the population, they created a dough with the only products that they had in their food stores: almonds and sugar. Marzipan is understood to be the paste, cooked or raw, obtained from the mixture of raw peeled almonds and sugar. The varieties of almonds used are: marcona, largeta and planeta, originally from Valencia and the Balearic Islands. The resulting dough is used to make a wide variety of sweets, some of which are filled with 'cabello de ángel' (pumpkin strands in syrup), cream, or even dipped in chocolate. The most well known are the marzipan figurines or the 'Saint's bones' (filled marzipan rolls). 'Pan de Cadiz', 'marquesas' (marzipan and egg sweet), and so on are also made.
More information
Product information
- Type of product: Others
- Season: The production season for marzipan begins in the middle of October, when the 'Saint's bones' (sweet typically eaten on 1 November) are prepared, and lasts through the middle of December. Marzipan consumption is seasonal, with the Christmas season being the high point.
- Origin: The main production centres of marzipan are those in the province of Toledo, especially the towns of Ajofrín, Carpio de Tajo, Consuegra, Gálvez, La Mata and the city of Toledo.
- To drink with it: Dessert or sparkling wines.
- Recipes: Toledo marzipan
- Varieties: Marzipan from Toledo is sold in a variety of forms, but the base ingredients are always the same: almonds and sugar. Later, it may be filled or even dipped in chocolate. The marzipan sweets available on the market include:
- 'Pan de Cádiz' Imperial marzipan: Stuffed marzipan sponge cake.
- Marquesas: Similar to madeleines, but made with marzipan and egg.
- Marzipan eel: Base of marzipan filled with sweetened custard, moulded in the shape of an eel and decorated with sweets on top by way of eyes, mouth etc..
- Marzipan figures: Base of almonds and sugar in various shapes (duck, snail, pig, etc.).
- 'Huesos de santo' (Saints' bones): Little marzipan rolls stuffed with pumpkin strands in syrup, custard, etc..
Nutritional information
- Energy: High
- Cholesterol: 0
- Comments: High carbohydrate content.


text:
Here it is, the dual Titan 775s/Kershaw designs 700-HO's build thread!! I searched high and low for a step-by-step guide for installing the 700-HOs, or in my case the Titan 775s, in an E-Revo/Summit, but couldnt find anything. Dont get me wrong, the Kershaw manual is very helpful, but I am a total RC noob, and wanted step-by-step. So, now that I figured it out, I thought I would post a step-by-step, for any other noob out there that isnt sure they could put these in. Trust me, if I can do it, SO CAN YOU!!!!
Post, any and all questions/comments please!!
I know about the rust/dirt. Sorry, I have just been lazy since I started working again.
Alright, here we go, first you have to move the EVX-2. When you first get into it, it may seem that the EVX-2 receiver wire is very short, but dont worry Traxxas has you covered. Just pop the top of the receiver box, and you will find plenty of wire coiled up inside. Just gently pull it out though the back, until you have enough to reach where you would like to place the EVX-2
The Kershaw designs manual suggests you stick it to the top of one of your steering servos. I wanted it somewhere where the batts., would still be able to plug in, without any chassis mods/extensions. So, I mounted it to the rear body posts
Next, we get all the parts layed out
Time to get into the install. First, unplug the EVX-2s motor wires. I didnt get a pic. Of this, but I think you can figure it out.
Then we flip the Summit over, and open the little cover in the center skid plate to reveal the rear drive shaft. Turn the drive shaft so that the pin is showing
Use your 2.0mm hex T wrench to unscrew the pin
Now the front drive shaft is a little tricky. You have to go in at an odd angle just behind the servo saver arm. If you have large fingers, like me, you should use needle nosed pliers to grab the pin after it has be unscrewed
Now that you have the pins out, pull/pry the drive shafts off of the transmission
Now, keep the parts on a light colored cloth, as not to lose any of the really small parts
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
Now, undo the four transmission screws, here, here, here, and here. Careful, the transmission might fall out at this point. Dont just grab and pull, I will tell you why in a few pics
Set the screws aside, out of the way
This is why you shouldnt rip the transmissions out. You can see here, the shifting assembly is part of the transmission. It goes under the rear diff lock linkage.
You have to unscrew the servo arm, and pop it off of the gear
As you pull out the transmission, thread the shifting assembly under the rear diff lock linkage, and you are free from the truck!!!(That is, if you have already unplugged the EVX-2s motor wires like mentioned in the first step )
Now you can start work on the Kershaw Designs dual 700-HO motor plate. Take off the gear cover, by removing this little screw
Then, take off the old Titan by removing these two screws. Careful of the washers on the top screw
Toss it in the spare parts bin along with the gear cover, you wont need them anymore
Now you can remove the spur/slipper assembly. Careful, lots of parts here
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
Keep an eye on the little spring, dont want to lose that! Take off the spur gear
Then the ware disc
Then the last plate. CAREFUL OF THAT LITTLE PIN. It can slide right out, and go bouncing across the floor never to be found again
Now, remove the four screws that hold the old motor mount on, and save the screws, you need then for the new plate!
Toss just the plate in with the spare parts, and you are ready for the smaller piece of the KD motor mount
There is only one way it will fit. Make sure the side with the indentations for the four screws is facing up
And secure is with the four screws you saved from the last step
Done, time to remount the slipper/spur. Put the nasty little pin back though
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
And make sure the bottom plate is seated properly on the pin
Then put the ware disc back on
Make sure the four teeth line up, and lock in
Throw the spur back in
And tighten her down. Tighten it all the way, and then back off a ¼ turn(Note, the nut is just sitting on top of the bolt, this is not what it should look like after tightening)
Now, grab the larger piece of the KD motor mount, and put the screw though the washer, then the mount that is already on the transmission, then threw the metal spacers, the other washer, and then the nut
Oh yeah, I forgot, I am lock-tightening everything. You just need a tiny drop on each bolt
After you have all three bolts on, you can tighten everything down
Now you can bring out the new Titan 775s, or 700-HOs
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
Line um up, screw um in. Leave them a little loose though; you still have to set the gear mesh
Oh yeah!! Starting to look beastly now!!!!
Find the pinions, lock-tite the set-screws, and install them
Set the gear mesh with a simple piece of printer/copier paper
Ready to rock!!! Time to drop the trans. back in, and you get your first glimpse of awesomeness!!!
Remember, when you drop the trans., to thread the shifting assembly under the rear diff lock linkage
Line up the drive shafts
And screw them in (with lock-tite of course)
Put the four screws back in
Close up the little cover .
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
Plug in the motors. Just follow how the Stock E-Revo Titans are plugged into the Stock EVX-2, and you will be fine
Now, some people snip um off, some people re-solder just one plug back on, but I wanted to be able to use both the titan as spares, if the set-up didnt work out. So, I just electrical trapped them up. I did each one individually, and then together
Now we are officially done!!! And ready to rock!!!!! I have only been able to drive a few minutes around the house, and as they are new motors, I have to break them in first, so the running review wont be for awhile now. I will say that, not even five minutes of very slow running around the house, the EVX-2s heat sinks where very hot. I hope I wont have to use a fan, but I already have my eye on a water/dust proof one.
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
So, thanks for reading/looking at my book here. Post any questions, I will answer them to the best of my ability!! I will leave you with some finished product pictures
Thanks again,
Tags, for anyone searching
dual twin combo kit Kershaw Designs 700-HO 700-ho 700-HOs 700-hos 700hos 700 Titan 775 775s 775s motor plate Titans dual titan 775 twin 775.
I cant think of any more tags, but hopefully anyone searching the forum, will find it.
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
So how does it run with 2 775 motors? Is it faster?
looks cool man but you might wanna get a can or two of wd40 or spray silicone or something.
Just finished running it full bore, and it runs grate!! Tons of power, wheelies on demand, and a little faster. I must say, I wasn't impressed with the new top speed, but acceleration, and power are awesome!!!
I am only running 16T pinions, so it might be 2 or 3 MPH faster? Not much at all, but I get there allot faster!!
I am happy with it, might need a fan for the EVX-2 for real hard bashing, but so far it has been ok.
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
ah now to gear it right, the tough part, very nice build, i enjoyed the walkthrough much, thanks.
T8 sensored/Xerun-150a/custom chassis/fit body
Hey, if there are any mods out there, I spent about 8 hours total on this build thread.
If I could get it stickyed, I would greatly appreciate it!!
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
Gearing man.....16t are not going to get you much more top speed. Slap some 22 or 25 t on there.....35 40 easy.
E-Revo-MMM 2200-4s-5s-6s
Go ***** Go!
a can of WD-40 for at least your screws would be a good thing as stated by another member before.
Yeah, but then I would at least need a fan! I would definitely burn something up with that kind of gearing!!! I'm thinking a 20T would be max for this set-up. Anything higher, and I would have to stick to pavement.Originally Posted by bisque98
Yeah, I know about the rust, I really have to get on that...
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
Great job Nate! If jetlag2222 can get 29 mph out of dual 700 HO V2s on E-Revo wheels and tires ..... you can do it. The stock Summit tires are not going to cut it .... too soft. I see new wheels and tires in your future!!
Ok, I will keep on eye out for some new shoes. I would still like to be able to bash though, so I will try and find a happy medium, gearing wise.
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
Oh my. I blew out one of my Pro-matched packs today. It is the first time I have really bashed it hard since the upgrade. Gravel parking lots are fun!! But anyway, I was trying to get the EVX-2 to thermal, that way I know I would have to get a fan for it.
I thought I would bust something in the drivetrain, but no. The last thing I thought would happen. One of the cells in my pack vented!! I have been having trouble with this pack recently, not equalizing right on my Novak Smart Tray SE, and false peaking on my Onyx 220 three or four time in a charge cycle. It is odd though, the cell that vented was the only 1.225 volt cell out of all 14. The rest are 1.226 to 1.229. I don't think that has anything to do with it though...
Now I am really confused. I don't know if I should try the Pro-Match 5000MAH packs, or if I should thrust myself into the LI-PO world. The Pro-Match packs can take this kind of a set-up right? It was just a bad cell right? I don't know. If this set-up is going to keep frying NiMH's, then I have to go Li-Po.
All part of the hobby I guess... Waiting to hear back from Pro-Match for there advice.
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
How old where they ?
3 1/2 months old, and maybe 40 cycles though them.
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
Sharing things like this , with pics , is what makes this forum great.
Well done.
Won my first race in 1985...
Hey mods don't sticky this tread, but rather make a sticky that says summit mods/builds so that in each post to that sticky we just link a build tread. That way theres only one sticky and the build/mods like this can be viewed efficiently. Thanks, Brasher.Originally Posted by SummitCrazed!
T8 sensored/Xerun-150a/custom chassis/fit body
Thanks AMZ!! And that's a grate idea on the sticky!!! I have a few mods I would post in there!!
Thanks again,
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
OK WHO HERE THINKS TRAXXAS SHOULD USE STAINLESS SCREW EVEN if it does cost more for us i think its worth it
pm me with what BRUSHED motor for rusty
Great Writeup, thanks for the effort. I've had the dual K700's on the shelf for about 2 months now, not sure if I want to install. If I do install, I'll be following this writeup.
Last edited by Dingman; 06-26-2009 at 05:12 PM.
50 characters and no BB code for sigs is useless!
were you able to buy the dual motor kit without the motors? When looking at KD's website, the kit comes with two of those 700-HO motors, and I'd rather just run two titan 775's. I could buy a brand new Titan 775 motor off ebay for like $25
excellent! thanks for the link!
Yup, thanks LanceD, you can get just the motors, or just the mount separate. I bought the "E-Revo/Summit 700 Motor Mount," and the spacing is perfect for the Titan 775's(as you can see in the pics above ).
Works grate so far, besides my Pro-Match problems. As soon as I get the packs sorted out, I think I will try a larger pinon, and see how the heat is.
Should be fun,
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
I'm fixin to do twin 775's and lipo's. Hopefully it should be good fun
Aww man, this set-up on Li-Po's would be SICK!!!!! Let me know how it goes, what gearing you use, and weather or not your EVX-2 holds up!!
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
I figured you were running lipos as well.
anyway, it should be just fine.
What pinion gears did you use with your motors? Are you running the stock spur gear?
Yup, stock spur, with 16T pinions. The owner of Kershaw Designs recommended the 16T to start out with. It is not much faster at all, but the power, and how fast it gets to its top speed is amazing!!
I am thinking of going a little higher on the gearing, but I loved the Summit stock, and love it even more now. I also just bought a 1/16th E-Revo VXL, so that should fulfill my speed needs.
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
your motors dont run too warm with 16T pinions?
Nope, I would say they get just as warm as the old single motor did, with the 14T pinion. I think they are comparable to the V1 KD 700-HO motors, and they where geared at 19T, so I think I could have gone higher, but like I said, I am happy with the way it is, and I will try and get my speed needs out on the E-Revo VXL.
I'm still in testing though, the only time I've gone full bore bashing so far, i.e. gravel parking lot, just constant full throttle bursts, I popped two cells in one of my Pro-Match packs. The ESC, and motors where at a safe temp though.
Li-Po's should handle the amp draw like a champ, and would make this set-up really come to life, unfortunately I don't want to spend the $400 to $450 it would cost me to get everything I need(Li-Po's, charger, balancer ,LVC.).
Let me know if you have any questions,
[QUOTE=Corrijo]Welcome to the crazed family of summit owners.[/QUOTE]
I am interested to see how temps would go with a pair of 19 tooth pinion's
the only thing that lipo's do is give you more run time, nimh will give you more pop since the volts are higher than lipo, which is why they drain faster. cause i definitely notice a difference with my nimh and lipo's, plus it is basic electronics more volts, more power.
I was under the immpression it was the ammount of current supplied that gives you pop (if by your definition of pop is what i call punch ) and the voltage is relative to the RPM of the motor ? these two together give you you overall power (Watts) basic ohm's lawOriginally Posted by egoneski
The fact that you can by a 8000Mah 30c Lipo that can produce a fenominal amount of current, and from my understanding there is nothing with that kind of capacity in the NiMh packs
just throwing in my two cents
WRONG!!!!!!!Originally Posted by egoneski
Originally Posted by egoneski
Really? So the actual ability to discharge at rate 10X what a Nimh can has nothing to do with my Lipo's blowing those Nimh's out the water?
The only way what you say is possible is if we are comparing apples to oranges, for example you using 2 7cell packs for 16.8V and I'm using a 4s lipo for 14.8V. Then obviously you have more voltage.
Anyways, a Lipo is 3.7v per cell, Nimh is 1.2V. Where is Nimh higher?
Emaxx- truggy/CD conversion...


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Defend the Consumer Bureau
The House Financial Services Committee just voted to advance the Financial CHOICE Act, which would gut the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reforms and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
In just six years, the Consumer Bureau has returned nearly $12 billion to 29 million consumers ripped off by financial institutions. Why would we get rid of our watchdog on Wall Street?
Tell your representative to vote against this bad bill if and when it comes to a vote in the House of Representatives.


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Height & Width: 2 7/8" (+- 1/8")
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By Renee O'Quinn
City Attorney Alex Johnson presented several examples from different cities of Baggy/Saggy Pants Ordinances at the regular council meeting July 10. Councilman Kenneth Waithe asked who would be fined if it was a juvenile who is cited for the offense. City Attorney Johnson explained that in that case it would be heard in Juvenile Court instead of City Court.
City moves forward with ordinance on baggy pants
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text: Resources for educators, students and the parents of students, traditional or nontraditional, public or private, home or away, any grade, any level, any age, any focus, special needs or plain vanilla, technical or scholastic, formal or informal. Find here schools and school supplies, teaching materials and study materials, commercial and noncommercial sites, professional advice and the voice of trial and error. You may even find scholarship information, or college recruitment. You never know! Pictured: a 15th-Century classroom. On the navbar: a little red schoolhouse.


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What's 1 more?12:27:00 PM Edit This 2 Comments »
Elizabeth Gorski
Please pray.
PS The title is how Gavin describes his heart pain. I thought it was given the seriousness of the situation. I wanted to remember it.
Elizabeth Gorski
I am the co-sleeping, attachment parenting, no-spanking mama. Outside of my family, I live for art and writing. I keep journals, baby books, date books...anything to help me help my boys know who we are, where we came from and all that we've survived. My children are my life. I struggle everyday with my relationship with God and trying to end my crisis of faith. I have Fibromyalgia, which is a chronic pain disorder and effects every aspect of my life. I love to write and the act of writing, which I believe is a dying art. I am a cat person. I love my Cleo and I don't care for dogs. That being said, I love my Maggie Sue and Henry James. I love my friends and family, everything I do is for them. I think, more than I should. I talk, more than most. I'm creative, in almost everything I do.
Rob, my darling husband is everything I could ever want in a spouse. He's my best friend, a wonderful father to our boys, and a dedicated provider. He would give you the shirt off his back if he thought it would help. The again, he could also sell ice to eskimos if the mood struck him. He runs our construction company and our computer repair business. Then he spends what precious free-time he has learning all he can about electronics and computers. He enjoys creating operating systems for smart phones and sharing them with other smart phone users. He also loves the outdoors, playing video games, playing with the boys, creating slide shows from pictures and videos with music, and hanging out with family. He is one of the most caring and compassionate people I've ever had the joy to know and I love him more than words could ever express. He has sacrificed so very much for our family and we all love him so much. For once, I don't have the words to express it adequately.
Gavin is my oldest. He's seen more in 10 years than most have seen in a lifetime, only he doesn't have the tools to process any of it. He has Asperger's/high-functioning Autism, OCD, ADHD, Bi-Polar Disorder, PICA, Sensory Integration Disorder and Conduct Disorder. Not to mention that he's prone to psychological breakdowns. He's quick and clever, highly intelligent and incredibly manipulative. He's a blue belt in Karate, loves art class and writing stories, and excells in math and science. He loves his blankets and tries to sleep with more stuffed animals than he has room for in bed. He loves Legos and it's nothing short of amazing the things I've seen him do with them. Gavin's entire world is in his head. Some days he is so lost in his own universe, that we are lucky to get through to him and connect at all. Whereas some days, he seems fine. He interacts with us and seems like every other American boy. Other days we can't seem to do anything right and everything sets him off because he's so sensitive from not being used to "living on the outside". To that end, everyday with Gavin is a challenge and a constant balancing act on the head of a pin. Not a moment goes by that I don't pray for the patience and guidance to help Gavin navigate a society that he is unable to understand. A society that is, for the most part, unwilling or unable to understand him.
Elliott Richard is our first preemie miracle. Born at 36 weeks gestation, he was practically perfect in everyway except for those pesky lungs. He was born with Premature Lung Disease, which partnered with other complications caused him to spend his first 10 days in the NICU. He's now a happy, healthy 3 year old "terrorist" who refuses to potty train. He's sweet, compassionate, afffectionate and silly. His clear blue eyes and curly hair help him to get away with far more trouble than he should. He loves Lightning McQueen, Hot Wheels cars and asking questions. He's always willing to be a "super helper", unless of course he isn't. He is an amazing big brother and does his best to take good care of both his brothers. Although he's often confused and believes that he is the oldest of the three. He loves pizza, hates jo-jo potatoes, loves tubbies, hates bed time and will ask one question after another after another to try and stay awake. He loves to talk, just like his mother. He is a perfectionist when it comes to certain things and incredibly laid back when it comes to other things - like the state of his room.
Mr. Emmett John is the baby of the family. He's my other preemie miracle, born at 36 weeks after many months of preterm labor. He managed to avoid the NICU only to return to the Peds Unit at 2 months with sleep apnea and then again at 11 months with dehydration. Now he's a year old and one by one slowly over-coming his health issues. He loves to eat! He's got a mischievous grin that he uses for trouble-making and
general exploring mayhem. Then he has a beautiful grin that takes up his whole face and crinkles his eyes. He has a very curious personality and a selective sense of humor, which have already started to get him into quite a bit of trouble. There's no baby-gate that can hold him. No barracade that can keep him in (or out for that matter). When he sets his mind to something, look out world! He doesn't talk yet but you can tell he's taking everything in, which scares me a little. He's working on walking and would probably be taking off already, if Elliott Richard weren't so over-protective. His favorite toys are Daddy and Maggie Sue. He's picky about his sippy cups. Loves Blues Clues and being sung to - no matter what the tune. What can I say, it's tough being the baby.
Maggie Sue is my beautiful, energetic American Bulldog/Boxer mix. She looks so fierce that her name is a little play on words. We named her Maggie after the children's cartoon "Maggie & the Ferocious Beast". She loves peanut butter, snuggling, playing tug-of-war, doing tricks, her family and especially "her" babies. She loves the boys as if they were her own puppies. She cares for them and is so very careful with them. It's amazing. When they cry, she's right there checking them out. If there is noise outside, she checks it out. No one is harming "her" babies on her watch! She weighs 60lb but seems to believe she's a lap dog. When she decides it's time to snuggle, it's time to snuggle, by force (very gentle force but force nonetheless), if neccessary. As my Fibromyalgia has gotten worse she's become my comfort. Every night she climbs up on the couch next to me and lays half on my lap, very gently. It's almost as if she's trying to absorb my pain and stress; God bless her. She's never turned down a ride in the car - even to go to the vet. At night she isn't content unless she is sleeping on the foot of our bed...under the covers and most of the time entangled in our legs.
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A Chinese woman reportedly paid 4 million yuan ($582,000) for a dog. Think about that next time you're at the pet store complaining about the price of puppy chow.
The Tibetan mastiff known as "Yangtze River Number Two" is 18 months old, 31 inches high and knows how to make an entrance, the Times Online reported:
According to local reports, a motorcade of 30 cars cruised to the airport in Xi'an, the capital of Shaanxi province, to take delivery of Yangtze, and a throng gathered to fête the arrival of the city's new resident.
U.S. & World
Stories that affect your life across the U.S. and around the world.
A motorcade of 30 cars? That makes the President's motorcade look like small potatoes.
There are two versions of what possessed the woman, identified by only the surname Wang, to drop that kind of coin on a dog, the Times Online reported:
In the days of Mao Zedong, pet dog ownership was condemned as a bourgeois folly and banned. Now nearly 150,000 dogs are registered in Shanghai alone. The Tibetan mastiff's wealthy new owner, a Chinese website said, fell in love with it while on a visit to Qinghai province. The woman, referred to only as Mrs. Wang, had been travelling to the town of Yushu with a Tibetan mastiff that she already owned with a view to mating it with the famously pure-blooded hounds of that region. While there, though, she spotted a dog known as White Root and knew immediately that she had to make it hers.
Another version of the story suggests that the woman had spent some years in the quest for the perfect Tibetan mastiff, and was satisfied that the dog she found in Yushu was it. "Gold has a price, but this Tibetan mastiff doesn't," the young woman is reported to have said on her return home.
Love at first sight. A priceless dog. Something about pure blood. OK, Mrs. Wang, we get it. You're rich and love Yangtze, but just so it's on the record, pound-for-pound you're getting ripped off.
As Samantha Gowen of Pet Tales puts it:
The average Tibetan mastiff weighs between 150 to 200 pounds. Let's go with a nice round number and assume the dog weighs a tidy 200 pounds. If my rusty math skills are correct, the woman paid roughly $2,910 for each of those fur-draped pounds.


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The Character Bind Technique (字縛術, Jibakujutsu) was a technique developed by Shiranami, which enables him to do many things based on the kanji that he writes in the air.
Known Words
The effects of these kanji have been shown:
- 操, which comes from the verb 操る (ayatsuru), meaning "to manipulate". This character allows Shiranami to manipulate and control his opponent. The effect manifests when Shiranami writes he kanji in the air at the target's direction; at which point, the kanji appears on the recipient's person. That individual then becomes a subject to Shiranami's will. However, as with the Infinite Embrace, it is not absolute, since a person with tremendous chakra can easily dispel the effect.
- 岩 (iwa, rock). This character allows Shiranami to immobilise targets. In the case of clones, this dispels them.
- 爆 (baku, explode). This character causes several explosions that can also be used to dispel clones.
- 火 (hi, fire). This character creates a blaze of fire, which can vary in size.
- 炎 (en, flames). This character creates a large wall of fire to keep the enemies away.
- 斬 (zan), which comes from the verb 斬る (kiru), meaning "to kill with a blade". This character creates several blades of wind.
- 割 (katsu, split). This character causes the ground underneath the target to split open.
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


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WÜSTHOF is a family business, which was founded back in 1814 in Solingen, Germany.
Today, our forged knives bearing the famous Trident ("Dreizack") logo are manufactured at 3 production plants in Solingen, which has become known as the "City of Blades".
WÜSTHOF knives: Passion - Diligence - Perfection. By us. For you.


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Science for All Americans is available from Oxford University Press.
This resource can also be read online.
The online version of this resource is also available in Spanish.
To download the Japanese translation, click here.
Education for a changing future
Project 2061 began its work in 1985—the year Halley's Comet passed near Earth. Children who were just starting school then will see the return of the Comet. What scientific and technological changes will they also see in their lifetime? How can today's education prepare them to make sense of how the world works; to think critically and independently; and to lead interesting, responsible, and productive lives in a culture increasingly shaped by science and technology?
With expert panels of scientists, mathematicians, and technologists, Project 2061 set out to identify what was most important for the next generation to know and be able to do in science, mathematics, and technology—what would make them science literate. The panels' recommendations were integrated into Project 2061's 1989 publication, Science for All Americans. Science for All Americans defines science literacy and lays out some principles for effective learning and teaching. In coherent prose, it articulates and connects fundamental ideas in science without technical vocabulary and dense detail.
The Cornerstone of Reform
Science for All Americans presents a clear vision of science literacy that a variety of audiences can use for many purposes. It is widely recognized as the first step toward ambitious national standards in science for all students and a major influence on current efforts to reform science education in the U.S., including the National Research Council's A Framework for K-12 Science Education (2012) and the Next Generation Science Standards released by Achieve in 2013. Translated into Spanish, Chinese, and Japanese, Science for All Americans has also had an impact abroad.
Accessible to educators, parents, school administrators, and policymakers alike, Science for All Americans provides a sense of where the K-12 curriculum should be aiming and why. However it is used, Science for All Americans presents a unified vision of science literacy that serves as a basis for discussions of the skills and knowledge that our nation's students should have.
What Is Science Literacy?
Project 2061 defines science literacy broadly, emphasizing the connections among ideas in the natural and social sciences, mathematics, and technology. Science for All Americans includes specific recommendations for learning in the following areas:
- The Nature of Science includes the scientific world view, scientific methods of inquiry, and the nature of the scientific enterprise.
- The Nature of Mathematics describes the creative processes involved in both theoretical and applied mathematics.
- The Nature of Technology examines how technology extends our abilities to change the world and the tradeoffs necessarily involved.
- The Physical Setting lays out basic ideas about the content and structure of the universe (on astronomical, terrestrial, and sub-microscopic levels) and the physical principles on which it seems to run.
- The Living Environment delineates basic facts and ideas about how living things function and how they interact with one another and their environment.
- The Human Organism discusses human biology as exemplary of biological systems.
- Human Society considers individual and group behavior, social organizations, and the process of social change.
- The Designed World reviews principles of how people shape and control the world through some key areas of technology.
- The Mathematical World gives basic mathematical ideas, especially those with practical application, that together play a key role in almost all human endeavors.
- Historical Perspectives illustrates the science enterprise with ten examples of exceptional significance in the development of science.
- Common Themes presents general concepts, such as systems and models, that cut across science, mathematics, and technology.
- Habits of Mind sketches the attitudes, skills, and ways of thinking that are essential to science literacy.
Science for All Americans also includes chapters on effective learning and teaching, reforming education, and essential steps toward reform.


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