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Gawker Sued For Copyright Infringement For Showing Image That Inspired EA's Dante's Inferno
from the fair-use-isn't-so-fair deptTHREsq points us to a rather odd copyright infringement lawsuit filed against Gawker. Artist Lindsay McCulloch has sued the blog company because of a Kotaku blog post that included an image of McCulloch's "Dante's Inferno" illustration, which you can see here:
- Kotaku didn't just post the random image. It was highlighting a point in a Kotaku live chat, where the producer of the EA game Dante's Inferno noted that it was this image that inspired him to create the video game:
"The real "ah ha" moment for me was seeing this really cool map that someone created of the 9 circles of hell. You see a lot of these maps, you know the "V" shaped cross section, but there was one in particular that had all the call-outs for the different sections, the "bosses" of each circle (Charon, Minos, Cerberus, etc.), and I just looked at that map and said, "that's a level-based game waiting to happen."
- So it wasn't just a random use of the image -- it was a story about that specific image and included commentary beyond just the image.
- I don't know if the post changed, but as it stands right now, the image is a small thumbnail and there are two separate links to McCulloch's full image. Update: People are saying that the original post was not a thumbnail, but had a much larger version of the image. I'm still not sure how that wouldn't get fair use protections, however...
- There's a whole bucketload of derivative works issues here: McCulloch's image is derivative of the book. The video game is derivative of the book and the image. The blog post is derivative of all of that.
- Us reporting on the lawsuit where this image is central to the lawsuit again highlights how this is likely fair use.
- the purpose and character of the use
This clearly weights towards fair use. There is new expression around the image, describing how it was used to inspire the video game. On top of that, being used in reporting is quite a common form of fair use.
- the nature of the copyrighted work
This factor tends not to get that much attention, but the key issue is usually whether the content has already been published. In this case, it has been and is available for everyone to see on the web anyway.
- The amount and substantiality of the portion taken
While this is the whole image, it appears to be a thumbnail of the image and provides additional commentary. As we've seen in a variety of cases involving fair use questions concerning images, making use of the entire image, even in commercial use, can still be fair use if it makes sense in context. In this case, that certainly seems to be true.
- The effect of the use upon the potential market
This is one of the "big" tests, and it again weighs entirely towards fair use here. Is anyone less likely to purchase or license the work because of Gawker's use? That seems highly unlikely. If anything, it brings additional attention to both the artist and the work.
Filed Under: copyright, dante's inferno, fair use, lindsay mcculloch
Companies: ea, gawker


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Moscow is known for its supercars, its street racing, and its street drifting. All that went wrong, however, when an Audi R8, drifting for the camera, smashed another car in what has now become — in just two days — one of the highest-watched car videos on YouTube.
On Saturday afternoon, the R8 drifted around a corner and into the side of a passing Lada Samara, flipping the other car. The Audi, which costs 5.2 million rubles ($172,723), then fled the scene of the crime, running a red light.
The crash occurred in Sparrow Hills, in front of Moscow State University. The corner itself is a popular meeting place for street racers and a common site for street drifting.
There have been allegations that the crash was staged, based on the fact that the cameraman does not seem shocked or surprised when the cars collide.
The police are still looking for the R8 driver, dubbed "Nedodrifter," which roughly means "Not-quite-drifter". Erik-Davidych Kituashvili, the founder of the popular Russian auto club Smotra.ru, told Life News that Russia's streetracing community is angered by the crash and are looking for the R8 driver themselves.
The original video is up to 281,691 views, and the comments show considerable anger against the rich supercar driver, who appears to completely disregard the life of someone who is obviously much poorer. Russia has a notoriously deep gap between the rich and the poor, and this video strikes a chord in the charged atmosphere.
The state of the driver in the Lada is unknown.
(Hat tip to m2m, dinosaur burner, LowPressureTurbo!)

subset: commoncrawl


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I am trying to write a for-loop that lets the user enter how many times they want to repeat a given action.
Basically the program asks the user how many washers or stoves they want to buy then calculates the cost of those stoves or washers. I am trying to include a for-loop that will let the user keep repeating the action as many times as they would like.
Any feedback would be appreciated.


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Before and After: Updated Atlanta Classic
Atlanta designers immerse themselves in the works of an iconic southern architect to update a classic home
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Say the name Neel Reid in Atlanta circles—or at least among people who have a passion for home design—and there will likely be solemn nods of appreciation. Reid was not just an architect, he was the architect in Atlanta, Macon, and other Georgia cities in the early part of the 20th century. Although he died in 1926, the homes he designed—many in Atlanta's prestigious Buckhead neighborhood—are still coveted and revered for their traditional style, graceful proportions, and classic details. Today's Southern architects respectfully tread carefully when renovating a Neel Reid home.
In 2006, Nicole and Neil Metzheiser fell in love with a 1918 Reid-designed home in Atlanta and moved in with their three pre-school-age boys. "I grew up in an old house in Michigan, and I've always appreciated their charms," Nicole says. "This house was such a great family home, with a nice flow, great old windows with wavy glass, and wonderful natural light," she adds.
"We didn't do a whole lot in the beginning because we wanted to live there first to see what we liked and what needed to be changed," explains Nicole, who is a professional interior designer.
Photography: Emily Jenkins Followill
Produced by Lisa Mowry
Architect: Tim Adams, T.S. Adams Studio Architects Inc., 2969 Hardman Court N.E., Atlanta, GA 30305-3424; 877/283-3499, tsadamsstudio.com.
Interior design: Nicole Metzheiser, Bella Jupe Designs
The 1918 Atlanta home with clapboard siding was designed by the late Neel Reid.
Family Room Before
Three years later, the Metzheisers were ready to roll. First up: Redoing the family room (a lack of insulation made it too cold to use in the winter) and building a new garage with a guest suite.
In the family room, Nicole and Adams focused on adding charm and warmth to the formerly nondescript room. "We completely gutted it. The proportions were great, but it needed detail," Adams says.
Before: The family room was poorly insulated, making it too cold to use during the winter.
Family Room After
Insulation, butt-joint wood walls, and a new floor made with salvaged wood were installed. Adams designed a paneled walnut fireplace surround and built-in shelves incorporating brackets and other details found in the original plans. A plastered ceiling with reclaimed wood beams was added to give the space character and boost its cozy factor.
While the room's old windows were not energy-efficient, Adams and the Metzheisers agreed they shouldn't be replaced. "They were so gorgeous," the architect says. "Our goal was to maintain the character of the old home, so we kept the wavy-glass windows and maximized the insulation in other ways-—in the walls and floors, and reworking the HVAC system."
Nicole warmed the room with plush furnishings and an Oushak rug. "With three boys in the family, we want the room to feel relaxed, not fussy. It's where we can sit around and watch football games, have hors d'oeuvres, and not worry about spills," she says.
After: Ceiling beams and beautiful wood paneling charm in the once boring room.
Paneled mantel and over-mantel: Cherry.
Sconces on mantel ("Windsor Iron Twist Wall Sconce" #CHD1450): Circa Lighting, circalighting.com.
Art over mantel (by Lorraine Christie): Huff Harrington, huffharrington.com.
Green urns on mantel (#63906, discontinued): Three Hands Corp., threehands.com.
Fire screen: owner's collection.
Drapery (#30171.16, discontinued): Kravet, kravet.com.
Drapery hardware (Custom Expressions): United Supply Co., unitedsupplyco.com.
Chandelier (antique): B.D. Jeffries, bdjeffries.com.
Area rug (Indian Oushak reproduction/Cocoa): Moattar, moattar.com.
Lounge chairs in front of mantel ("Charles of London"); pair of ottomans (Square Skirted Ottoman"); sofa in foreground ("Charles of London Sofa"); sofa by window ("London Sofa"): TCS Designs, tcsdesignsfurniture.com.
Lounge-chair fabric (#1459/08, by Grey Watkins, discontinued): Stark, starkcarpet.com.
Ottoman fabric ("Chenille Leopardskin" #7684-7): Bassett McNab, 267/508-0001.
Fabric on sofa in foreground ("Waltrand Cashew"#1273): Pindler & Pindler, pindler.com.
Fabric on sofa by window ("Concord"/Flax #10995-03, discontinued); patterned pillow on sofa ("Bellamy Stripe" #10910-02, discontinued): Cowtan & Tout, cowtan.com.
Brass floor lamp: Circa Lighting, circalighting.com.
Bench in front of mantel; coffee table: Halo Styles, gjstyles.com.
Small round table by sofa: antique.
Garage Before
Additions and changes had to be in keeping with the architectural character of the original house, the Metzheisers insisted, and they found a willing partner in architect Tim Adams.
Before: The garage (of a later vintage) was not in line with the style of the rest of the house.
Garage After
Adams studied books about Reid and his designs, and looked at Reid's original drawings of the Metzheiser house. "I referenced back to those plans and got into what Neel Reid had done. I then worked to pull details [from the plans] and design a carriage house in keeping with his architecture," Adams says. Those included wide overhangs with cutouts on the rafter tails and an arbor above the garage doors, a detail included on Reid's original drawings.
After: The previous structure was replaced with a carriage house that was inspired by the home's classic architecture.
Wall paint; shutters; standing lantern; lantern at front door: original to house.
Lantern at entry by garage ("Oxford Hanging Lantern" #F8932CI): Troy Lighting, troy-lighting.com.
Living Room
The sun-filled living room is painted Benjamin Moore's "Elephant Tusk." Antique wooden armchairs flank the central window; a one-of-a-kind chandelier dangles above the ottoman.
Living Room Detail
A beautiful custom ottoman topped by a silver tray anchors the living room seating area. Fresh blue hydrangeas complement the color scheme.
Ottoman: custom.
Ottoman fabric; silver tray (antique); celadon vase; flower vase; cream-colored bowl: owner's collection.
Kitchen Before
The kitchen was the next project, and although it had been remodeled over the years, it was dark and dreary. There were also a few dated features, such as an ominous copper hood over a center island and a stacked stone fireplace. "They had to go," Adams says.
Before: Dark cabinets and beams overhead made the kitchen feel small.
Kitchen After
"One of Nicole's biggest desires was to get light into the kitchen," the architect adds. To do that, he bumped out a 15-foot stretch of an exterior wall by about 3 feet, gaining space for a family dining area with a bank of windows.
After: The oak island is topped with Alabama White marble and illuminated by hanging lanterns from Circa Lighting.
Cabinetry (custom); island (custom): Morgan Creek Cabinets, morgancreekcabinets.com.
Wall and cabinet paint: custom color.
Cabinetry hardware: Matthew Quinn Collection, matthewquinncollection.com.
Countertops and backsplash (Alabama White Marble): Bottega by Stones Int'l., bottegastone.com.
Range; microwave; ovens: Dacor, dacor.com.
Range hood (custom): Vent-a-Hood, ventahood.com.
Dishwasher: Bosch, bosch-home.com.
Island farm sink ("Shaw's Original Farm Sink"); island faucet ("Contemporary Bridge Kitchen Faucet with Sidespray" #U.4273LS, by Perrin & Rowe): Rohl, rohlhome.com.
Hanging lanterns over island ("Greggory"/Antique Brass): Circa Lighting, circalighting.com.
Bar stools (#9673): Lorts, lorts.com.
Bar-stool fabric ("Skin"/Beige #F2762002): Pierre Frey, pierrefrey.com.
Breakfast Room Before
Before: The exisitng kitchen was narrow, making it hard to gather in the space.
Breakfast Room After
"I'm big into protecting the work space," Adams says. "We created a flow so people naturally congregate outside the island."
"When I cook, everyone else can be in the kitchen with me and be comfortable," Nicole says. "I love to entertain at home. It's so much more fun to have people over here than to go to a restaurant. It's easier to talk and is just more intimate."
After: A wall was bumped out 3 feet to create space for a family dining area with a bank of windows.
Table: custom.
Chairs ("Arch Back Side Chairs"): TCS Designs, tcsdesignsfurniture.com.
Chair fabric ("Queenswood Stripe"/Dove #190094H-159, Philip Gorrivan II Collection): Highland Court by Duralee, duralee.com.
Sconce ("French Deco Horn Sconce" #S2020): Circa Lighting, circalighting.com.
Butler's Pantry
Adams reconfigured the 16x12-foot kitchen by function: A primary work zone includes the island, range, refrigerator, and sink; a small pantry with a sink works as a breakfast bar with a coffeepot and toaster oven; and a wet bar offers an ideal spot for guests to gather. There's also a walk-in food pantry and a floor-to-ceiling china closet.
Tucked behind the range wall is a pantry with a square Whitehaus Collection sink and a Rohl faucet. The walk-in food pantry is to the right of the sink.
Farm sink: Whitehaus Collection, whitehauscollection.com.
Faucet ("Single Hole Kitchen Faucet with Sidespray" #U.4710, by Perrin & Rowe): Rohl, rohlhome.com.
Wall oven; microwave (#DMW2420S, Distinctive Collection): Dacor, dacor.com.
Wet Bar
A mirrored wall lining a dramatic barrel-arch niche creates a focal point and an attractive spot for guests to gather for drinks when the family entertains.
Cabinetry (custom): Morgan Creek Cabinets, morgancreekcabinets.com.
Wall, cabinet, and ceiling paint: custom color.
Cabinetry hardware: Matthew Quinn Collection, matthewquinncollection.com.
Flooring: oak with custom finish.
Countertops ("Constellation Granite"): Bottega by Stones Int'l., bottegastone.com.
Bar sink: Linkasink, linkasink.com.
Faucet ("Single Hole Bar Faucet" #4.4759, by Perrin & Rowe): Rohl, rohlhome.com.
Mirror: antique.
Kitchen Sitting Area Before
The Metzheisers kept the gas fireplace and sitting area because Neil enjoys chatting with Nicole in the evenings as she fixes dinner. But the stacked-stone fireplace hearth and surround were torn out and replaced with a simple wood-and-marble surround.
Before: The stacked-stone fireplace was cozy, but too cumbersome for the dining space.
Kitchen Sitting Area After
A pair of swivel armchairs flank the fireplace. "Those swivel chairs are the best," Nicole says. "They really allow for conversation because you can turn to talk to someone." The sitting spot is good for catching the nightly news, too, because a television is housed in an upper cabinet to the right of the range.
After: The swivel chairs covered in a Kravet fabric flank the redesigned raised-hearth fireplace. French doors on each side of the fireplace lead to a screened porch.
Chairs ("Ava Lounge Chair with Swivel"); table between chairs (custom): TCS Designs, tcsdesignsfurniture.com.
Chair fabric (#30780.106): Kravet, kravet.com.
Orange pillows and table fabric ("Georgian Strié" #7304-3, colorway discontinued): Jane Shelton, janeshelton.com.
Small stool: antique.
Area rug: cow hide.
Fireplace ("Real Fyre"): Gas Logs Etc. Inc., gaslogsetc.com.
Paddle over fireplace (antique French baker's paddle): B.D. Jeffries, bdjeffries.com.
Screened Porch
French doors to the screened porch were installed on each side of the fireplace. "We often have those doors open so the kitchen and porch feel like one big space," Nicole says. A stone fireplace on the porch backs the kitchen fireplace, and the Metzheisers often retreat there to relax after dinner.
"I loved everything about this project. Nicole had a clear vision of what she wanted," Adams explains. "I'm particularly proud of the kitchen and how seamless it is with the house's architecture. We were able to tie things back together so it does feel like part of the original house." We're betting Neel Reid would approve.
On the porch, antique wicker chairs surround a coffee table on the Safavieh area rug.
Fireplace stone: stack stone.
Fireplace ("Real Fyre Premium Gas Logs"): Gas Logs Etc., Inc., gaslogsetcinc.com.
Art over fireplace (by Steven Litvak): owner's collection.
Area rug (#CY7987-65A5, Courtyard Collection): Safavieh, safavieh.com.
Wing-style chair; wicker chair; chairs in foreground: antique.
Chair-seat fabric (#15425-352 in Smoke, Pavilion Indoor/Outdoor Collection); pillow fabric (#15961-298, discontinued): Duralee, duralee.com.
Sun Porch
Cream sofa and chairs from Waterfall Charles of London set a relaxed mood in the glassed-in porch next to the living room. The ceiling is painted "Bird's Egg" by Benjamin Moore.
Windows: original to house.
Wall paint ("Marble White" #OC-34); blue ceiling paint ("Bird's Egg" #2051-60): Benjamin Moore & Co., benjaminmoore.com.
Hanging lantern ("Bell Jar Chandelier"): Lamp Arts Inc., lampartsinc.com.
Wooden-back chairs: antique.
Chair-seat and tablecloth fabric (#31876-665, discontinued): Duralee, duralee.com.
Area rug (Soumak); coffee table (by Martha Stewart); vase on coffee table (Italian beverage jug by Murero & Co.): owner's collection.
Pair of lounge chairs ("Waterfall" Charles of London chair); sofa ("Waterfall" Charles of London sofa): TCS Designs, tcsdesignsfurniture.com.
Lounge-chair and sofa fabric ("Bamboo Luxe Blanc" #29505.1): Kravet, kravet.com.
Pillows on lounge chairs (by Manuel Canovas); pillows on sofa (by Manuel Canovas): Cowtan & Tout, cowtan.com.
Botanical prints: Trowbridge Gallery, trowbridgegallery.com.
Bench: antique.
Master Bedroom
In the master bedroom, calming tones prevail. Cool blue Kravet fabric covers a custom headboard; a painting by Amy Dixon hangs above the raised lattice-front chest from Hooker Furniture.
Wallcovering: Romo, romo.com.
Ceiling and trim paint ("White Dove" #OC-17): Benjamin Moore & Co., benjaminmoore.com.
Drapery (Irish linen): M&A Linens Inc., 212/869-5078.
Drapery hardware (custom select drapery hardware): United Supply Co., unitedsupplyco.com.
Area rug ("French Wreath," wool): Myers Carpet, myerscarpet.com.
Bed (custom): TCS Designs, tcsdesignsfurniture.com.
Headboard fabric (#31776.11): Kravet, kravet.com.
White bedcover ("Far East"/Natural, by The Purists): S.D.H., sdhonline.com.
Pillow shams ("Sandhurst"/Grigio #SH30, cotton): Peter Fasano, peterfasano.com.
Gray throw: custom.
Bedside chests ("Raised Lattice Front Chest" #638-85017): Hooker Furniture, hookerfurniture.com.
Table lamp: owner's collection.
Art behind chest (by Amy Dixon): Huff Harrington, huffharrington.com.
Homowner Portrait
Homeowner and designer Nicole Metzheiser sits with George, a Portuguese water dog, on the stone patio outside of the family room. The French doors with a fan transom replaced ones that had been added years ago. "We wanted doors that looked more original to the house," Nicole says.


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Ventana offers affordable new summer menu
Ventana owner Michael Fitzgerald has announced some coming changes this summer for his Downtown Mall restaurant. They'll now be doing brunch on Saturdays and Sunday from 11:30am to 3pm. They are also offering lunch Tuesday through Friday from 11:30 to 2pm.
"We've also just hired a new sous chef, Dave King, who will be handling lunch and brunch duties," says Fitzgerald. "Dave came to us by way of DC and has been Sebastien's [head chef Sebastien Jack] right-hand man in the past."
But wait, that's not all! Ventana is also offering a new summer dinner menu which "hits a less expensive price point without making too many compromises," says Fitzgerald. Plus, on Mondays and Tuesdays throughout the summer there is going to be a three-course prix fixe menu for just $25.
Ventana will also be participating in Charlottesville Restaurant Week July 12 through 18, offering a $26 prix fixe menu all week with $1 going to the Peanut Butter and Jelly Fund.
And, of course, Ventana's extensive late night menu will be in full force Thursday through Saturday until 1am.
5 comments
The food at Ventana is amazing...and the owner has always been friendly in my experience. It's a little pricey, but worth it for the quality of food and great atmosphere.
We just went and it actually is more affordable than it was before. And the food is (and has mostly always been) amazing. Sebastien is a genius!
I have had two bad experiences there, one with the owner. Won't ever go back. I can only guess that this guy has a deep pocket (to help cover all those parking tickets get gets as his BMW sits parked illegally in the alley) and doesn't mind reaching into it, because otherwise this place can't stand on its own. Must be a hobby.
Affordable and Ventana...that will be the day.
The lobster bisque at Ventana is too die for. Since that is all I ever order when I go in, I cannot speak to the entire menu, but I have had
a taste of this and that from other's plates and have always loved everything.
Have had nothing but excellent treatment from the owner, the wsitstaff and particularly from BART, who licked my face clean after dinner.
A worthwhile and memorable experience to be repeated.


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Catalina Sandino Moreno Gossip
Catalina Sandino Moreno gossip, latest news, photos, and video.
Jennifer Lawrence runs and more Catching Fire auditions
Jennifer Lawrence was photographed yesterday working out. At one point it looked like she was sprinting. You know what I hate about sprints the way Hayley makes me do them? First of all it's never just once. With her it's usually five times. And it has to be faster each time. Like it's not bad enough that she's making you giv'er down the field, you're expected to be better the more tired you are. Full Story
The Most Beautiful Vampire
Twilight has confirmed another casting coup: Oscar nominated Catalina Sandino Moreno will join Eclipse as Maria making her officially the most beautiful vampire on the roster. Unless of course you ask a Twi-Hard. Otherwise, it's hard to argue. Crazy f-cking gorgeous. I love her. I have loved her since Maria Full of Grace. Full Story
About Catalina Sandino Moreno
I loved Maria Full of Grace. Have you seen it? Catalina Sandino Moreno was nominated for an Oscar for that role. And deservedly so. I wish I had a name like Catalina Sandino Moreno. I wish I looked like Catalina Sandino Moreno. There's a great story about her on a red carpet. Donovan was shooting it and when the tapes came back, there was like a full on 5 minutes of b-roll just of Catalina Sandino Moreno standing there posing. Full Story
Catalina Full of Grace
LOVED Maria Full of Grace. If you haven't seen it, you must …if for no other reason than to witness the beginning of what promises to be an amazing career. Catalina Sandino Moreno is a star. Here she is last week at the 2007 Hispanic Heritage Awards – total gorgessity and also, if memory serves, a one time one night partner with Jakey G. Full Story


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Obituary: Sherril Ann Drumright dies
Sherril "Sherry" Ann Drumright, 72, died peacefully on Jan. 3, 2013. Sherry was a Colorado native born in Denver. Sherry married "Duck" Drumright in 1977. Sherry and Duck were married 35 years and 54 days. They resided in the quiet town of Alma for the past 33 years.
Sherry retired after working many years at The Village at Breckenridge as an administrative assistant. Sherry and her husband enjoyed traveling and boating at Lake Powell. She also loved camping with her family. Sherry loved life and everything it offered.
Sherry had a great sense of humor and a smile that would light up any room when she walked in. She will always be remembered as a sweet, happy and wonderful person. She was a wife, mother, grandmother and friend. She will be missed by all who knew her.
Sherry loved the small communities here were she was grateful for all the friends she has made over the years.
She is preceded in death by her daughter, Lisa. She is survived by her husband, Duck; son, "Ringo" and his wife, Yvonne Ginter; daughter, Kris and her husband, Bill Randall; and grandchildren Brandon and Marshall Hughes, Eric and Marisa Ginter, and Rebecca and Dylan Randall. She is also survived by step children Deanna and Danny and other Drumright family members.
Announcement of a memorial to celebrate Sherry's life will be posted when finalized.
Start a dialogue, stay on topic and be civil.
If you don't follow the rules, your comment may be deleted.


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ANCAP new car safety ratings explained
Keep safety ratings front of mind when you're looking for a new set of wheels.
Is your new car crash resistant?
The possibility of an accident may be the farthest thing from your mind when you're out shopping for a new set of wheels, but the crash-worthiness of your vehicle should be more than an afterthought, as anyone who's been in a car accident will tell you.
Fortunately, there's a way to find out whether the car manufacturer has thought about your safety, or just focused on design and performance. Since 1993, the Australasian New Car Assessment Program (ANCAP) – a publicly and privately funded nonprofit organisation – has been providing information about the safety features of new cars provide to protect you in the event of a crash.
What ANCAP does
ANCAP is a nonprofit organisation that raises funds from its members for testing. It is supported by the Australian and New Zealand automobile clubs, Australian Federal, State and Territory governments, the New Zealand Government, the Victorian Transport Accident Commission, NRMA Insurance, and the FIA Foundation (UK).
ANCAP provides safety ratings for popular vehicle makes and models so you can make informed decisions. The ratings are at the forefront of many consumers' minds (along with price) when they consider buying a new car. The organisation's growing influence has forced manufacturers to respond by creating safer vehicles that aim for the top 5-star rating.
But the support only goes so far. The safety testing process is expensive, which prevents ANCAP from testing all cars. But it aims to cover the most popular vehicles in each segment of the market.
You might find ANCAP rating labels used by manufacturers in their advertisements – especially when they've received a five-star rating. But there's no requirement in Australia for dealers to display or disclose this information to the consumer. So if a car has received a low rating the manufacturer is under no obligation to let you know – which means they probably won't.
How ANCAP tests
ANCAP conducts a set of internationally recognised crash tests in independent test laboratories. Crash dummies are used in all tests to observe for any displacement during the crash and measure the forces placed on the occupants in a crash. The structural impact on the vehicle's occupant compartment is also assessed.
The following tests are conducted and a 1 to 5 star rating is given for each vehicle based on the cumulative test results:
- Frontal offset test simulates crashing into another car. The car is crashed at 64km/h into a fixed barrier with a crushable aluminium face. Only 40% of the car's front on the driver's side makes initial contact with the barrier. Crash test dummies are placed in the vehicle to indicate the likely injuries resulting from the crash. Each vehicle is awarded a score out of 16.
- Side impact test simulates a similar situation to an intersection crash, where one car crashes into the driver's side of another. A 950kg trolley with a crushable aluminium face is run into the driver's side of the stationary test car at 50km/h. Each vehicle is awarded a score out of 16.
- Pole test simulates a vehicle crashing into a fixed object at 29km/h with contact in the line of the head of the seated driver. The pole is quite narrow and causes major penetration into the side of the car. Curtain airbags are particularly effective in reducing the chance of serious head injury in this type of crash. Cars with a low risk of head injury score two additional points for this test.
- Pedestrian test gives an estimation of head and leg injuries to pedestrians hit by a car travelling at 40km/h. These types of crashes represent about 15% of fatal crashes in Australia and New Zealand. This figure can be as high as 30% in some urban areas.
- Whiplash test simulates a rear-end crash equivalent to a stationary vehicle being hit at 32km/h. The test assesses two parts – a geometric measurement of the head restraint, and a dynamic test using the vehicle seat mounted to a sled.
- Safety features: Three points are awarded for models with seatbelt reminders – a point for a driver reminder, a front passenger reminder and a reminder for all rear seat passengers. Points are also given if Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) and Electronic Stability Control (ESC) are fitted.
What kind of new car safety features are available?
Not all cars are created equal, so it's important to consider the safety features available when you're shopping for a new one. Some features will help you to avoid a crash while others will help to protect you in the event of one.
Crash avoidance features
- Electronic Stability Control (ESC) detects car instability, oversteering and understeering, and puts the vehicle back on course by braking individual wheels and reducing engine torque. Since ANCAP made ESC a mandatory requirement in 2008 for vehicles to achieve the five-star rating, many manufacturers have since installed this feature as standard to receive the best safety scores. ESC can also be referred to as Electronic Stability Program (ESP), Dynamic Stability Control (DSC), Active Stability Control (ASC) or Vehicle Stability Control (VSC).
- Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) prevents the wheels from locking up as brake pressure is applied suddenly – often in an emergency or short stopping distance situation. It allows the driver to steer and gain control of the car without skidding or spinning out of control. ABS works together with ESC to provide greater control of the vehicle and helps to reduce the chance of crashing.
- Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD) helps to balance braking forces between the front and rear wheels. It varies the amount of force which is applied to individual brakes, taking into account road conditions, speed, load, and other factors.
- Traction control prevents wheel spin and maintains vehicle stability during acceleration, when too much power is applied. It is particularly useful during wet driving conditions, when the road is slippery or when rapid acceleration is required.
- Intelligent Speed Assist (ISA) gives drivers an audio and/or visual alert when they exceed the speed limit by a set speed, e.g. by 2km/hr or more.
- Visibility (both seeing and being seen) is vital for detecting risks and hazards on the road. A white car is more visible in most driving conditions and driving with your headlights always on helps others to see you easily.
Crash protection features
- Seat belt pre-tensioners tighten up any slack in the belt webbing in the event of a crash. This helps to hold the occupant secure and move them into the optimum crash position.
- Active head restraints are situated on the head rest of the seat and during a rear-end crash move forward and up to automatically decrease the space between the restraint and the occupants head. This reduces the degree to which the head accelerates before making contact with the restraint.
- Seat belt reminders are visual and/or audible warning devices used to alert vehicle occupants that a seat belt is not being worn.
- Three-point seat belts are one single continuous length of webbing that spreads the impact forces more evenly across the passenger's torso and help to keep the upper body in place in the event of a collision.
- Airbags are large nylon bags that inflate and deflate rapidly in the event of a severe frontal or side crash. Sensors are fitted at different points of the car and detect when a crash occurs. When the sensors all agree that the airbags should be deployed, the system triggers an inflator and ignite unit. The airbags inflate, splitting open the covers on the steering wheel or dash board, causing them to balloon in front of the occupant. As the occupants head strikes the airbag, it starts deflating. Vehicles can come with front, side, head and knee airbags.
- Structural integrity: In a crash with a vehicle with sound structural integrity most of the energy will be absorbed and dissipated and the passenger compartment will keep its shape. This is also referred to as crumple zones. Areas that are more likely to injure occupants - like the steering column, dash, roof pillars, pedals, and floor panels - won't move excessively. The doors will also remain closed during the crash and will be able to be opened afterwards.


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OAKLAND — An 81-year-old woman was shot in the shoulder during a home invasion robbery Tuesday morning in Oakland's upper Dimond District neighborhood, police said.
The incident, which may have started as a burglary, happened about 10:30 a.m. in the 4100 block of Laguna Avenue, according to police. The woman was hospitalized in stable condition after the shooting.
Police said the suspect is an African-American male, about 6 feet tall in his mid-20s, about 170 pounds, wearing all-dark clothing and armed with a handgun.
Oakland police spokeswoman Johnna Watson said it was unusual for police to be called to the normally quiet neighborhood, which is near Lincoln Avenue and the Mormon Temple.
Police and Crimestoppers of Oakland are offering up to $5,000 in reward money in the shooting. Anyone with information can call police at 510-238-3326 or a tip line at 510-773-8572.


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Native American Law, S,wCarret icon
(2 cr.) Native American Law Course Description Topics covered in this course include tribal sovereignty and self government in Indian country, the special relationship between Indians and the federal government, federal Indian policy, conflicts involving tribal, federal, and state jurisdiction over Indians and Indian affairs in Indian country, tribal authority over Indians and non-Indians, criminal jurisdiction over Indians and non-Indians for offenses committed on reservations, tribal access to capital markets, tribal economic development, casinos and other types of gaming, land claim litigation, and current issues affecting tribal tribes, their governments, and their members.
This course is currently not being offered. Please try again next session.


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Fresh off a stint caddying for his son at the U.S. Open, tech entrepreneur Scott McNealy has secured another $12 million for Wayin, the Denver-based social startup he co-founded in 2010.
Wayin aggregates and visualizes social content. It is a certified product partner with Twitter and counts the Denver Broncos and numerous other sports teams among its clients.
The company announced this week that U.S. Soccer is using Wayin's technology for its social hub during the World Cup.
"Wayin has helped major sports leagues and their franchises leverage social data to augment the fan experience across multiple platforms and in venues around the world," Wayin CEO Elaine Wood said Read more…


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Item #: 2-672-4400
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I wanted to let you know I have received your phone message regarding my 'missing' cover. Thank you for letting me know right away, it is much appreciated! Wonderful customer service!
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Scorpion II Compressor
by Silentaire
Newly redesigned! This double-piston compressor is built for applications
requiring up to 55 psi. Delivers 1.10 cfm at maximum psi. It is quiet, compact,
and portable. The oilless operation means no maintenance and it is easy to use
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minimizes motor wear. Reliable performance comes from a trap and filter that
eliminate moisture buildup in the airhose. Includes coiled plastic airhose and a
airbrush holder with table clamp. Measures 9 1/2 in. high x 9 1/2 in. long x 4
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Tacori Round Diamond Ring Mounting
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Tacori 18kt. White Gold round diamond ring mounting. (.53ctw)*Center diamond not included.*Prices are subject to change based on fluctuations in metal prices and currencies
Spanning four decades, Tacori designs have fused classic elegance with modern inspiration, creating some of the world's most highly regarded and exquisite jewelry. The stunning beauty and intricacy of each piece of Tacori jewelry is the result of an uncompromising passion for artisanship. Handcrafted in California, these remarkably detailed rings and fine jewelry pieces become the timeless symbols of connection that join individuals and generations.


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Streisand and Rogen's bond is a 'Guilt Trip' pleasure
December 20, 2012
The guilt, the nudging and the chemistry started from the first moment the stars got together.
LOS ANGELES — It took all of five minutes after meeting co-star Seth Rogen for Barbra Streisand to truly start the guilt in The Guilt Trip. Her questions started when they met for a script reading in 2010 that turned instantly personal.
"Barbra was like, 'Do you have a girlfriend?' " director Anne Fletcher recalls. " 'How long have you been dating? Five years? Well, why aren't you married?' "
Even fake child-parent relationships, it seems, start with the nudging built in.
When Streisand, 70, and Rogen, 30, are reminded of that conversation, they agree that's the pattern they quickly fell into for The Guilt Trip, the comedy (opening Wednesday) that pairs them as a duo stuck in a cramped car for a cross-country road trip.
"What am I going to talk about — the weather?" Streisand asks dramatically. "That doesn't interest me. What interests me is who he is as a person. Is he connecting to a woman?"
"I am one of those guys that looks like they need help," Rogen says with a shrug. "Whenever there's a maternal figure around me it's their instinct to try to save me."
Streisand's first leading role since 1996's The Mirror Has Two Faces finds the two-time Oscar winner at her guilt-tripping, bantering best, throwing often improvised lines back and forth with Rogen in the same way they carried on that first day.
"They were off from that moment," Fletcher says. "It's like I just sat back there and watched the show."
The Barbra/Seth show doesn't stop when the cameras aren't rolling, either.
"We're both not afraid to talk out of turn," Streisand says. "Sometimes he finishes my sentences. Or when he starts a riff, I finish it. We both don't know where we are going to go. But we're both willing to go there."
"Exactly," Rogen adds. "I thought you would like micromanage yourself. But not at all. It was very loose and free."
Settling into a suite at the Four Seasons hotel, Streisand shows off the duality of her personality. First we see the carefully controlling side as she immediately points out an unlit floor lamp and asks for it to be turned on ("I'm always directing," she says).
But far more prevalent is the Funny Girl Streisand, who laughs as one of her entourage removes a tempting bread basket from her clutches. ("They took my bread away. I love bread," she sighs to no one in particular.)
Streisand and Rogen could easily come across as successful mother and her low-key son. She's stunning in black, from her Stuart Weitzman boots, leather pants and cashmere sweater to a leather choker with a vintage diamond broach. Rogen kicks back with his usual facial stubble, a flannel shirt and blue jeans.
As their repartee heats up, Streisand becomes more relaxed, stretching repeatedly for hunks of brie from the table a few feet away. She even casually makes conversation points with a raised brie-covered fork. After she skillfully cuts away and transports the biggest chunk of all to her plate and dives in, Rogen intervenes.
"You're going to regret eating all of that cheese, Barbra," he says, stopping her in midbite. The image sends them both deep into peals of laughter.
"If they had just left the bread," Streisand says, cursing good-naturedly. "All I wanted was one piece of bread. Now I've eaten all the cheese."
She shoves the plate toward Rogen. "Do you want the cheese?"
Though this encounter to promote the film shows their easy and natural relationship, the film was difficult to get into place. Streisand played hard-to-get with Fletcher, who made it clear she wanted only the diva for the part.
Streisand, who just completed a rare 10-city North American concert tour, acknowledges she doesn't often feel the need to leave her comfortable Malibu home. "I'm basically lazy and don't want to work," she says. "And I was thinking, 'Why am I playing a Jewish mother again?' That kind of thing."
Streisand started making demands she thought the filmmakers never would agree to, insisting that the entire production be close to her home and that she not be picked up before 8:30 a.m. each day, an idea she got after filming small roles in 2004's Meet the Fockers and 2010's Little Fockers comedies as Ben Stiller's mother.
"I want to sleep," says the night owl. "For the Fockers, I had to get up at 6:30 and get picked up at 7:30. You have to have a life."
She even asked to have a four-day workweek, with Wednesdays off.
"When I do concerts I never work consecutive days. I take a day off or two days. In Europe I took five days off so I could go shopping," she says. "I thought they'd never go for it. I was trying to talk them out of (hiring me)."
The filmmakers, however, agreed to most of her demands. Streisand was encouraged by her son, Jason Gould (her only child, from her marriage to Elliott Gould), to take on the part. She jumped on board.
Rogen was prompted to consider taking his role by his then-girlfriend Miller, a complete Streisand fan.
"I could, of course, have said no,'' Rogen says, "but it would have been heartbreaking for her."
He checked out Streisand by calling Meet the Fockers director Jay Roach, who gave a ringing endorsement. Streisand didn't know any of Rogen's famous friends, so she couldn't do a background check.
"He sussed me out. I didn't know who to suss out in his case. Who was I going to call, Jason Segel?" Streisand says. "I didn't know these guys."
"It's like, 'Jonah Hill, this is Barbra Streisand,' " Rogen says.
Streisand: "You could have been on drugs for all I know."
Rogen: "I could have, and I was."
Streisand: "I made him pee in a bottle."
Thanks to the magic of green-screen technology, Rogen and Streisand never had to leave the studio to film the movie about the 2,000-mile American road trip. But the two had plenty of time to bond in their tiny Chevrolet Aveo, talking between takes about movies, celebrities and more.
"Honestly, we'd be in the middle of a conversation, and they'd be ready to yell 'Action' and we'd say 'We'll finish this in a minute,' " Rogen says. "We'd do the scene and start talking again.
"I'd rack my brain and think of who I'd want to hear a story about and 99% of the time she had a story about that person."
Says Streisand: "I told you lots of stories, fake son or not, you'd better not tell. Because I will come to your house."
Outside the car, Streisand had to rise to the occasion for a few scenes, such as one where her character eats a 50-once steak to win a roadside restaurant contest. After trying to talk Fletcher out of the scene, she eventually dug in for three days of steak-eating shots. For far-away shots, filmmakers were able to fake the meat with ahi tuna and even burnt watermelon. But for the most part it was steak, which Streisand finds "disgusting."
The actress also had to act drunk for the first time in her career, which was made more difficult considering she insists she has never been intoxicated.
"I probably have more experience," Rogen says. "I've done whole movies drunk."
"The only drunk people I know are from the movies," Streisand says. "I don't know people who drink. I have a beer once a year. I've never been drunk. I don't like the taste of liquor. I did have a bourbon and Coke when I was younger."
"This is what we did all day," says Rogen, smiling about Streisand's riff. "It's not bad at all."
In the end, the relationship onscreen was enough to convince Gould that it was genuine. "It made me laugh a lot," he says. "But there's a lot of heart in her performance. And it was an opportunity for (her) to show vulnerability. I don't know that she shows a lot in movies."
Rogen married Lauren Miller in fall 2011, well after the movie wrapped. He insists it had more to do with Miller's nudging than Streisand's.
"It was getting ugly. She was unhappy," Rogen says.
"You had to make her happy," Streisand says. "I like you better married. You have to be a better human being when you're married. Less self-centered."
"And it shows the world that you are not a sociopath. Which I think some people thought I was," Rogen says.
Streisand is looking to do more films, including producing and starring as Mama Rose in a remake of Gypsy.
"(Producer) Joel Silver has been trying to get the rights. It's been a year and a half," she says. "It's getting very close. If it comes to be, it comes to be. If it doesn't …"
"Then we'll hang out in Malibu," Rogen says.
"Yes. Come over. We'll watch another movie. Bring Lauren and the dog. We'll have some yogurt downstairs," Streisand says. "I'll feed you."
With a date set, the two break up their discussion. But Rogen gets one more laugh before they leave as he looks over the decimated cheese plate.
"Barbra, do you want to take any of this cheese for the road?"
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Ready to work, when you need it
Liebherr draws upon a wealth of many decades of manufacturing experience and, combined with new technologies, creates equipment and components that are distinctly reliable and innovative.
Before equipment and components are offered to customers, technologies such as Finite Element Analysis with 3-D modelling and extensive prototype testing are performed to refine product development.
Specialist technology monitors all drive and equipment systems, providing on-board alerts to operators and service personnel to enable rapid analysis, diagnosis and troubleshooting of potential issues. This ability to identify meaningful and realistic part thresholds as well as provide clear, documented guidance for corrective action ensures reliability and significantly reduces unscheduled maintenance time.
Additionally, our vertical integration practices mean that parts are designed specifically for Liebherr equipment and components, keeping mining customers' needs in mind, while our continuous improvement processes make Liebherr a reliable partner to do business with.


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Welcome to the Virginio Gómez Professional Institute
Virginio Gómez Professional Institute is an institution of higher education, autonomous, private, accredited, belonging to the Corporación Universidad de Concepción. It was created in 1988 under the tutelage of the Professional Education Athena S.A., since closed and constituted by a deed dated November 24, 1988, with the aim of preparing skilled professionals in careers in engineering and higher-level technical implementation.
At present the Institute has 25,272 m2 built where there exist classrooms equipped with high technology and art laboratories, necessary for teaching. Its infrastructure is divided as follows:- the headquarters of the Institute in Concepción counts on 16,547 m2 built, in the seat of Los Angeles, there are 3,890 m2 built and the headquarters in Chillán, has 4,835 m2.
For the development of teaching, the Institute has its careers structured in five schools:
- Industrial Technological School.
- School of Management and Information Technology.
- School of Construction and Risk Prevention.
- School of Health.
- School of Basic Sciences and Humanities.
Teaching, infrastructure and 25,272 m2 constructed, rank the Virginio Gómez Professional Institute as one of the leading institutions in the Bío Bío Region.


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Traditional Greek food as cooked by Greek mothers!! Delicious and easy recipes!!
Traditional Greek New Year Cake - Vassilopitta
There are different ways that people make Vassilopitta - probably as many as there are Greek grandmothers! - but this is one that we like. The photo is from last year's cake as you can see, this year's hasn't been made yet.
7 comments:
- Gargantua said...
Is there a special recipe for this cake? Or can a coin be hidden in any type of cake to make it suitable for the New Year?
- 30 December 2009 at 11:48
- symposio said...
Gargantua - If you click on the link - Vassilopitta - under the photo that will take you to the recipe. Happy New Year!
- 31 December 2009 at 01:05
- Grampy said...
I am going to click on the link right away. I can save it for next year. Or can it be used for special occasions through out the year?
Very nice tradition. I love it.
Happy New Year
- 1 January 2010 at 04:17
- DingM said...
I really love cakes! If I passed on your site before Christmas or New Year I should request you the recipe of this cake...this is cool for our "Noche Buena"...I'm starving right now! :)
- 2 January 2010 at 06:55
- symposio said...
Grampy - I also wish you and yours a wonderful 2010 and many thanks for being a regular visitor here.
Vassilopitta is only made at New Year - along with the tradition of the hidden coin / token. However, I guess there's nothing to stop you just making a cake following the recipe at any other time.
- 2 January 2010 at 07:19
- Catherine said...
That's looks like a yummy cake! Happy New Year!
- 2 January 2010 at 12:24
- Unknown said...
Very nice blog with original content and a lot of effort and work put into it. Nice to see you are putting the follow and twitter widgets in too.. dont see the mybloglog widget though this would be nice to show latest visitors.
I love the recipes on your blog, and am going to put you on the blogroll of some of my food blogs
- 5 January 2010 at 06:24


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[Welcome back to the Damn, I Wish I'd Thought of That! newsletter. This is text of the great issue all of our email subscribers just received. Sign yourself up using the handy form on the right.] Our friend Anne Holland is behind the fascinating blog at WhichTestWon.com, a publication that gives some great insights on A/B testing […]
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April 18, 2013
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Judge delays sentencing in drunken driving case
Two victims of a drunken driving crash in which a Hicksville woman slammed into their minivan -- injuring them both -- urged a Nassau judge Wednesday to sentence her to a long jail term but he postponed his decision instead.
Judge George Peck delayed the sentencing of Erin Marino, 32, until Tuesday.
Marino was convicted of driving drunk after a June 25, 2009, crash on Route 106 in Glen Cove where she slammed into a minivan. The occupants -- Edita Bonilla and her husband, Nicolas, of Hempstead -- were injured.
Marino's case gained notoriety in 2011 when Peck tossed the conviction following the disclosure of a history of repeated errors in evidence-handling at Nassau's former crime lab.
An appellate court later overturned Peck's ruling, saying that Marino failed to meet her burden of establishing that new evidence cast doubt on the accuracy of the results of her blood alcohol testing such that the result would probably be different at a retrial.
After hearing Marino describe how she had mended her ways -- including 11 months at an inpatient facility for alcohol abuse -- Peck asked the Bonillas whether they had changed their minds.
Nicolas Bonilla, who said his back still hurts, was not swayed.
"There should be justice," Bonilla said.
Edita Bonilla, who fractured her spine and pelvis in the crash, wept as a packed courtroom waited for her to speak.
Finally, Bonilla said, "Well, I say give her five years because this could happen to some other people the same way."
The Bonillas had the assistance of a Spanish interpreter.
A weeping Marino told the Bonillas, "I'm so, so deeply sorry."
Peck said Marino had many supporters at the Connetquot school where she teaches sixth grade. Bonillas' supporters included members of Mothers Against Drunk Driving.
Peck's decision surprised Maureen McCormick, chief of the district attorney's vehicular crimes bureau.
"I've never seen anything like it," McCormick said.
Defense attorney Brian Griffin said such delays are common.
McCormick has recommended a 2- to 6-year jail sentence for Marino's aggravated vehicular assault conviction. Griffin wants probation.
The maximum sentence is 5 to 15 years, Griffin said.
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We offer an extensive range of military collectables from Waterloo to World War II, specialising in Third Reich, British and other Nations medals and militaria, toy soldiers, model tanks and other collectors items.
You can easily browse through our selection of over a thousand items on our on-line shop, including medals, uniforms, badges, helmets, equipment, deactivated guns and books.
We also offer a medal mounting and framing service. All items offered for sale that are described as original have a lifetime guarantee of authenticity, supported by Treasure Bunker's excellent customer service.
Run by enthusiasts and collectors, from our busy Glasgow city centre shop, you are welcome to visit us and browse at your leisure to find that missing piece for your collection.
Established 1986
Located at 21 King Street, in the Merchant City area of Glasgow, just off the busy shopping thoroughfare of Argyle Street, with plentiful car parking nearby. The Treasure Bunker is easily accessible by car, or from the nearby Central and Queen Street railway stations.


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Q: I am building a pond with a waterfall. With so many pump choices, how do I know what to choose?
Linda – Broomall, PA
A: Fun springtime project ahead! As you're discovering, building a pond with a waterfall involves some planning and careful consideration—which includes selecting a waterfall pump. Your choice is important because it'll determine how high you can make your waterfall and how much water will flow down it.
You want more than a trickle, right? Before you go pump shopping, crunch these numbers first:
1. Head Pressure
How high will your waterfall be? This measurement is your head pressure, which is the total number of feet from the top of your waterfall to the top of your pond's surface. If you're building a 5-foot-high waterfall, for instance, your head pressure is 5 feet.
Pro tip: If the tubing from your pump to the waterfall is longer than 10 feet, add 1 foot of head pressure for every 10 feet of distance (always round up). So in the example above, if your tubing is 14 feet, add 2 foot of head pressure for a total of 7 feet.
2. Flow Rate
How much water do you want pouring over the falls? This number is your flow rate. The average flow rate is 1,500 gallons per hour for every 1 foot of waterfall width. If your 5-foot-high waterfall is 1 foot wide, you should go with a pump that moves around 1,500 GPH; if it's 3 feet wide, you should go with a pump that moves 4,500 GPH or so.
Pro tip: If you prefer a lighter water flow, calculate 1,000 GPH for every 1 foot of waterfall width. For a heavier flow, use 2,000.
Going Shopping
With those numbers in hand, you should have a pretty good idea what kind of waterfall pump you'll need to buy. To make the chore easier for you, we recommend:
For lower-flow waterfalls: If you're designing a smaller waterfall, check out The Pond Guy® MagFlo™ Pump and The Pond Guy® SolidFlo™ Pump. The MagFlo™ line includes 290, 460 and 590 GPH models with maximum head of 6½ to 7½ feet; the low-profile SolidFlo™ line includes 600, 1,200 and 1,600 GPH models with maximum head of 8 to 11½ feet.
For higher-volume waterfalls: If you've got a mini-Niagara Falls in the works, you'll need a beefier pump, like The Pond Guy® RapidFlo™ or the ShinMaywa® Norus® waterfall pumps. The RapidFlo™ comes in 3,000, 4,000 and 5,000 GPH models with 20 to 32 feet of maximum head pressure. The Norus® line includes 3,300 to 11,000 GPH models with maximum head of 19 to 48 feet.
Pond Talk: What advice would you give to someone choosing a waterfall pump?
Filed under: Pond Accessories, Pump, Tubing, Water Gardens & Features, Waterfall | Tagged: creating a waterfall, flow rate, stream, waterfall pump |