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Want to find out when a musical artist you like is coming to town? Pandora will tell you.
While the online music service has spent the last decade attempting to transform music radio, it could also be instrumental in revolutionizing another key part of the music industry – the touring business –co-founder Tim Westergren said on Tuesday at TheGrill, TheWrap's annual media conference.
Because of the amount of information Pandora collects about its users – registering requires revealing your gender, age and zip code – it can tell its customers when their favorite artists are playing near them.
(Photograph by Jonathan Alcorn)
"That is a recipe for solving, in my opinion, what is the most important or second most important challenge for musicians – how to get people to come see you play live," Westergren told moderator, TheWrap's Brent Lang, on stage Beverly Hills' SLS Hotel.
Westergren cited a recent show folk-rock songstress Aimee Mann played in front of a packed house thanks to a Pandora e-mail campaign. The company messaged people who "thumbed up" Mann on Pandora and also lived within driving distance.
Also Read: Arianna Huffington at TheGrill: Growth Not Waylaid by Web 1.0 AOL
The result: Her fans showed up in droves to a show they otherwise would not have known about. When the show finished, the club owner asked Pandora to do the same for another 12 shows. (It didn't.)
Westergren, a self-declared musician, said that this kind of campaign could help countless struggling artists.
"If artists like that could plug into an infrastructure like this maybe we can solve that problem," Westergren. "It could be the difference between a short career and a long one."
(In the video below, Westergren decribes the moment he realized that Pandora had major advantages over traditional radio. Watch his full session at TheGrill here.)
What of Pandora's own perceived problems, namely its unprofitability — and the rise of Spotify?
Westergren declined to discuss the company's financials, which have been placed under greater scrutiny since it went public in June.
"We are going after transforming an absolutely enormous category," he said. "We've been around for a long time. How we make decisions and invest, spend the money we have, the market is based on an objective that is much further out than what people are writing about this week, this month."
As for Spotify, Westergren sees the hugely popular service as a compliment to Pandora, not a rival. In fact, he all but dismissed the notion that Spotify was a threat to Pandora in how he depicted consumers' music listening tendencies.
An incredible 80 percent of the music people listen to comes via the radio. That is the market Pandora is in.
Meanwhile, 20 percent listen through other means – mostly CDs, mp3s and subscription services. That means Spotify.
"We see this on-demand thing to be complimentary to what Pandora is doing," Westergren said. "We have existed alongside subscription services since our launch."
Also Read: Facebook's Jacobson to Studios: Use Us to Track, Promote Movies
Spotify would no doubt dispute such a characterization, at least when it comes to the extent of the discrepancy in listening tendencies. Moreover, Spotify can boast something Pandora cannot – international appeal.
Westergren said Pandora has made no secret of its ambitions to expand to new markets. However, licensing fees are preventing any global endeavors.
"It is a great frustration for us," Westergren said. "Licensing constraints prevent us from launching in other countries. It's not for lack of trying or interest. To launch one like ours with 90,000-plus artists, you need straightforward licensing structures. The same structure does not exist elsewhere."
That means that for now, Pandora is stuck in the domestic market with the same primary revenue stream – spot advertising.
So how can it reach profitability?
Perhaps through continued mobile expansion. Perhaps higher advertising premiums.
Whatever pressures Pandora may be under to reach profitability, its co-founder does not seem fazed.
"We are just a radio company but were a really really good one," Westergren said.
What makes it so good? It responds directly to the desires of its consumers, satisfying those who like marching band music or classical, rock or rap. Old artists share space with new artists, unknown musicians with superstars.
"We are giving substantial exposure to a huge reportoire of artists who have never been on radio in the past," Westerngren said.
Pandora also rewards musical artists in a way that public radio does not since those artists get money when their music plays online.
But hey, if radio doesn't work out, it can always become a concert promoter and make those artists even more money.


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If the conservative-liberal coalition government puts forward plans to cut the feed-in tariff (FIT) or introduce other changes disadvantageous to wind, there may be a rush to advance projects for completion this year.
The German wind energy association, Bundesverband Windenergie (BWE), is optimistic that the German federal government will not introduce substantial changes for wind energy and, on that basis, it predicts new installations this year of about 1,500MW onshore and 300MW offshore, totalling 1,800MW.
Under current legislation, the wind FIT rates, which are payable for 20 years after commissioning, decrease by 1% a year. The payment rate falls from EUR0.0911/kWh for projects commissioned in 2010 to EUR0.0902/kWh for projects commissioned this year.
The potential effect of a sudden regulatory change was dramatically demonstrated in the solar power sector in 2010, when solar photovoltaic installations soared to 2.1GW in June prior to a sharp cut in FITs in July. Over the previous five months, installations had averaged 349MW a month. Solar expansion vastly outpaced new wind capacity, amounting to about 7GW of photovoltaic installations for the whole year, to total about 17GW.
This largely unanticipated solar boom has resulted in criticism - not only of the photovoltaic sector but renewables generally. The cost of FITs for solar and other renewables is rolled over to customers. The sudden increase in photovoltaic plants has contributed to a 72% rise in the renewables levy, from EUR0.020/kWh to EUR0.035/kWh. A household using 3.5MWh of electricity a year will pay EUR124 in 2011 to support renewable energies, compared with EUR72 in 2010.
Even though electricity consumers could mitigate the increase by switching to a cheaper supplier - and although renewables lower the price of power on the German electricity exchange by several billions of euros a year - there are concerns that the renewables levy increase may weaken public support for renewable power generation.
BWE stresses the need for continuity in renewables policy to ensure steady and predictable annual growth. The wind energy FIT with its annual decrease should be maintained. Bonuses available to promote repowering, system services and offshore wind need to be extended for several more years to allow more time for their intended effect to take place, it says.
BWE also recommends the introduction of an optional market premium to encourage wind operators to market their power outside the FIT system. In January, just 375MW of wind plants were doing this, representing 2% of total installed wind capacity. Yet, as the amount of renewables-generated electricity grows, the importance of developing and gaining experience in methods of marketing power from variable generation, such as wind and solar, is increasingly acknowledged.
With installations failing to meet forecasts of 1.9GW and wind generation lower than in 2009 and 2008 despite more turbines in the ground, 2010 was a disappointing year for Germany's wind sector.
Total capacity reached 27.1GW in 2010, with nearly 1.5GW of new capacity commissioned - down 24% on the 1.9GW installed in 2009. The number of turbines turning in Germany reached 21,578, an increase of 725 after adjusting for repowering projects - 116 old turbines with a total 56MW were dismantled to be replaced with 80 turbines with a total 183MW.
Of the new installations, just 20MW were commissioned offshore, raising Germany's offshore total to 92MW.
Germany's flagship turbine producer, Enercon, accounted for 918MW, or well over half of the new capacity, last year. Vestas followed with a 15% share at 226.5MW and Repower Systems just topped the 10% mark with 160MW - all of them onshore, according to Germany's wind energy institute, Deutsches Windenergie-Institut.
The modest increase in installations was accompanied by a second year of poor wind levels. Just 37.5TWh of electricity was produced, compared with 38.6TWh in 2009 and 40.6TWh in 2008, according to provisional figures from statistics organisation Arbeitsgruppe Erneuerbare Energien-Statistik.

subset: commoncrawl


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As many of you have seen the first in our the video series we named "MS At Home" — and the response has been quite popular — I wanted to make sure you were all aware of the continuing series.
The third video in the multiple sclerosis series of 6 short segments posted yesterday and is already stirring conversations. (if you missed the second MS video in the series that will play right after the current offering.
In this interview with Sharon Dodge and Bobbie Severson, we talk about the family connection with MS. Mrs. Dodge was diagnosed with MS just 8 years after her father lost his battle with a particularly aggressive form of the disease. Now, she fights the good fight for herself and her three children; hoping they never hear the words "You have MS."
As we head into the New Year's weekend, I thought that her words of hope and inspiration were a proper way to end 2012 and look forward to 1212.
Nurse Practitioner, Bobbie Severson from the Swedish MS Center gives some very interesting figures as to the propensity of MS in families if one member has MS (we're talking a jump from 1:750 to 1:40~!
Have a look, leave a comment on our video or, you can comment here as you always do.
Wishing you and your family the best of health.
You can also follow me via our Life With MS Facebook page, on Twitter, and in our group on MS Connection.org. Also, check out our bi-monthly MS blog for the United Kingdom, look for our very special new monthly blog for the National MS Society, and don't forget to check out TrevisLGleason.com.


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Sugar Assn. asks federal court to dismiss countersuit filed by four manufacturers of high-fructose corn syrup; countersuit alleges that SA deceiving consumers into believing that processed sugar is safer and more healthful than HFCS
November 1, 2012
(press release)
– The Sugar Association, which represents the nation's sugar cane and sugar beet farmers, has asked a federal court to dismiss a claim to stifle freedom of speech advanced by several conglomerates that manufacture the sweetener high fructose corn syrup (HFCS).
Attorneys for the nonprofit trade group, who filed their motion in U.S. District Court in Los Angeles yesterday, said the corn processors' claim represents part of a "campaign to silence all negative commentary about HFCS from the public debate." The makers of HFCS who brought the claim on September 7 are Archer-Daniels-Midland (ADM), Cargill, Ingredion, and Tate & Lyle Ingredient Americas.
The filed motion to dismiss is available at http://media.globenewswire.com/cache/17373/file/16418.pdf
The 25-page motion contrasts The Sugar Association's own speech—largely editorial statements and news releases posted on the organization's website—with the "lavish advertising campaign" funded by the corn processors and at the center of a lawsuit filed in April 2011, Western Sugar Cooperative v. Archer-Daniels-Midland, Co. That lawsuit was filed by a group of sugar farmers and other producers to stop a multimillion dollar marketing campaign by the corn processors.
The advertising originally challenged by sugar farmers was aimed at convincing the public that HFCS is "natural" despite the fact that it is produced with advanced technology that transforms corn starch at the molecular level; HFCS is really just a "corn sugar" even though the FDA has long reserved that term for an entirely different sweetener with no fructose in it; and that "your body can't tell the difference" between HFCS and sugar, although numerous scientists have published research supporting the opposite conclusion.
"The Sugar Association has been targeted by ADM, Cargill and the other corn processors for exercising a cherished right—free speech, which is at the core of the First Amendment," said co-lead attorney Adam Fox of the firm Squire Sanders. "As our motion notes, The Sugar Association did not commission any paid advertising. It hired no actors, directors or cameramen. It purchased no television commercials or spreads in newspapers or magazines. It made no presentations at trade shows, in webinars or in the boardrooms of any of its members' customers. It did not even write or call them."
Fox added, "It is outrageous that these companies are seeking to stifle a legitimate public discussion about HFCS, particularly because they previously said that stopping their own multimillion dollar commercial advertising would be a form of censorship. This is hypocrisy at its worst."
Federal Judge Consuelo Marshall, who is presiding over the lawsuit, previously ruled that the sugar farmers had presented evidence demonstrating "a reasonable probability of success on their argument that the (corn processors') statements are false." In July, the federal court also rejected an effort by the giant corn processors to have the case against them dismissed.
In May, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rejected a petition by the Corn Refiners Association (CRA)—the trade association of ADM, Cargill, Ingredion and Tate & Lyle Ingredient Americas—to change the common or usual name for HFCS to "corn sugar." The FDA explained that "the use of the term 'sugar' to describe HFCS, a product that is a syrup, would not accurately identify or describe the basic nature of the food or its characterizing properties." The FDA also stated that the name change could "pose a public health concern" to persons with fructose intolerance or malabsorption.
* All content is copyrighted by Industry Intelligence, or the original respective author or source. You may not recirculate, redistrubte or publish the analysis and presentation included in the service without Industry Intelligence's prior written consent. Please review our terms of use.


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Miss Polly's is a 50s & 60s chitlin circuit themed musical restaurant. Serving Memphis' finest fried chicken and soul food. Breakfast served daily and open til 4am on weekends.
Cozy, casual, upscale filet house, Buckley's Fine Filet Grill was voted "Best Steak" 4 years running in Memphis Magazine. Limited menu, full bar, emphasize value. The Flying Sauceris an American pub featuring the largest selection of handcrafted beers in Memphis. German "wurst" and gourmet sandwiches are designed to be washed down with fine hand crafted brews.
Westy's offers a family friendly and fun atmosphere. Offering a diverse selection of food with over 200 menu items and a full bar.
If music is the King of Memphis, shopping is the Queen. From downtown to uptown, Memphis antique shops to Memphis malls, shopping reigns supreme. On the flipside, the city's eccentric shops such as One-of-a-Kind Schwab's on Beale Street, vintage record stores and other funky finds make Memphis a treasure chest filled with amazing discoveries. Inside a Memphis mall, you'll find the city's uptown modern side with top threads from some of the fashion industry's most famous names.


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The Bush Administration reportedly denied J.K. Rowling a Presidential Medal of Freedom over fears that her Harry Potter series promoted witchcraft. Apparently they weren't aware that many of us, Harry Potter or no, go through our witchcraft phase anyway.
Please note that when I talk about a "witchcraft phase," I'm referring to the period wherein tweens decided to "be witches" for a few months. It has nothing to do with actual Wicca, or the legitimate practice of the Wiccan religion; it's based solely on Hollywood stereotypes of witchcraft and the idea that we can suddenly become legitimate witches just by slipping on a pentagram from Claire's and lighting a scented candle. Many of us, myself included, went through this Faux Coven phase. When you're twelve years old and a bit lost, there is something quite powerful in this notion; though your parents seem to control your life and your classmates seem to overlook you, you can still connect with something deeper and dangerous in the comfort of your own home, surrounded by your best friends and a bag of Chewy Chips Ahoy.
The sleepover party is the center of all things fake witchcraft; my friends and I never actually took the time to research or practice Wicca the way it is meant to be practiced, mostly because we were 12 and simply into "making things happen," which essentially meant lifting our friends up off the ground while pretending our "Light As A Feather" chants were working, lighting special candles and making wishes, and playing with the Ouija board for about 4 seconds before we freaked out and put it away—not because we didn't believe in it, we argued, but because we knew how powerful a tool it was and we just didn't want to mess with it.
We made love potions out of various creams and perfumes and slathered them on before going to school, where we most likely drove our fellow classmates away by smelling like a rose-vanilla-lavender-jasmine mess, and we completely fudged our way through tarot card readings, making sure our dreams would come true ("You are going to marry David Bowie when you are 48") by neglecting to actually learn to read the cards properly. Eventually, our terrible run as fake witches faded out, and we moved on to other things.
By the time The Craft hit the scene, I was 15 and scoffed at the eleven year olds who were calling the corners while drinking Capri-Suns on the playground. Secretly, I was a bit jealous, because they were still in the realm of make believe; the place where they could scream, "I made that leaf move!" after shouting, "Move, leaf, do as I say" for twenty minutes in a row. For a while, they'd get to rule the universe, until the novelty wore off and they were forced to face an uncertain world again.
Of course, as I grew older I began to understand the deeper historical and sociological connections between women and witchcraft and was clearly able to differentiate between Hollywood witches and legitimate Wicca, and looking back, I laugh at my failed attempts to put a spell on Bobby Taylor in 1993. But I wouldn't trade my dumb fake coven days for anything, as they taught me to believe, if nothing else, in the power of my friends and our abilities to create a world outside of our own. Sure, we never actually made anything happen, but we had a lot of fun imagining a place where we could make anything we wanted come true, and that kind of confidence lasts, even after the candles go out and all of the magic dust is washed away.
Bush Officials Objected To Awarding Medal To JK Rowling Because Harry Potter Books Promote Witchcraft [ThinkProgress]


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Explore Our Hotel
Welcome to the Tempe, Arizona, Holiday Inn Express hotel
For a convenient location in a lively city, stay at the Tempe Holiday Inn Express Hotel and Suites, just 12 miles from downtown Phoenix. Our Arizona hotel, which is six miles from Phoenix Airport (PHX) and 20 miles from Scottsdale Airport (SDL), keeps you close to both business districts and desert landscapes with pristine parks.
Downtown Phoenix includes the corporate locations of businesses like Honeywell and State Farm. From the American Heart Association to Wells Fargo, a diverse range of Phoenix corporations conveniently surround our Tempe hotel. And to make your trip easier, we offer flexible hotel meeting space with catering and a business center to help you host your next event.
Leisure travelers can enjoy shopping, watching IMAX or playing at the interactive Tilt Studios next door at the Arizona Mills Mall. Escape to a new world at a popular Arizona attraction such as the Phoenix Zoo in Papago Park or Tempe Diablo Stadium and Spring Training near our Tempe hotel.
Our studio-suite Phoenix hotel gives you the comfort and amenities you deserve. Stay at this Tempe hotel that offers several choice amenities such as an outdoor heated pool and whirlpool, free hotel-wide wireless internet access and a hot breakfast bar served daily. Check out our great Phoenix hotel deals and rates and book your reservation at the Holiday Inn Express & Suites Tempe hotel now.
- Black-out Shades
- Crib Available
- Iron/Ironing Board
- Separate Hanging Closet
- In-Room Heating and A/C Controls
- Extra Bedding Available
- Sofa Bed/Sleeper Couch
Bathroom/Personal Care
- Private Bathroom
- Bathroom Amenities Available
- Hair Dryer
- Bathtub
- Separate Vanity Area
In-Room Features
- Mini Refrigerator
- Coffee Maker
- Tea Maker
- Flat-screen TV
- Work Desk with Lamp
- Desk-level Electrical Outlet
- Free Local Calls
- Cable/Satellite
- Premium Channels
- Pay-per-view Available
- Two-line Phone
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- Windows Open by Guest
Added Value
- Connecting Rooms Available
- Separate Living Room
- Complimentary Coffee/Tea Supplies
- Complimentary Bottled Water
- Full Breakfast Included
- Breakfast Buffet Included
- Continental Breakfast Included
- Complimentary Coffee in Lobby
- Kids Eat Free
- Off-site Restaurant Delivery Available
Business Services
- 1 Meeting Room(s) Available
- On-Site Business Center
- Printer
- Copier
- Office supplies available
Internet Access
- Free High-Speed Internet in all Rooms
- Wireless Internet service is free for all IHG® Rewards Club members
Entertainment & Recreation
- Outdoor Pool
- Heated Outdoor Pool
- Outdoor Whirlpool
- Outdoor Pool Hours of Operation: 8:00 am - 10:00 pm
Health & Fitness
Complimentary Fitness Center
24 hours. Includes 1 treadmills, 1 elliptical, 1 stationary bike, 1 bench and free weights. Water station, towels, mirrors and TV inside room. Yoga mats, pilates ball, excersize bands.
Hours of Operation: 12:01 am to 11:59 pm
Fitness Center Type: LIMITED
- Treadmill
- Elliptical Machines
- Free Weights
- Stationary Bicycle
Last Renovation of Fitness Center Equipment: 2017
Housekeeping & Laundry
- Daily Housekeeping
- On-site Guest Self-Laundry Facilities
- Hours of Operation: 12:00 am - 11:59 pm
Added Value
- Wake Up Calls
Hotel Details
1520 West Baseline Road
Tempe, Arizona 85283
United States
Check In: 3:00 pm
Check Out: 12:00 pm
Check-in Age: 21
Parking + -
- Complimentary Self Parking Available
Accessibility + -
- Public Entrance
- Guest Rooms
- Lifts
- Public Restrooms
- Registration Desk
- Exercise Facility
- Business Centre
- Pool
- Number of Accessible Meeting Rooms: 1
Accessible Hotel Areas
- Registration Area
- Registration Area
- Accessible Guest Rooms
- Business Centre
- Meeting Room
- Exercise Facility
- Pool
Hotel Areas with Accessible Routes from Accessible Public Entrance
- Accessible Self Parking
- Van Accessible Self Parking
- Closed Caption TVs
- Telephone with TDD
- Visual Alarm/Alert in Guest Rooms
- Visual Alarm/Alert in Public Spaces
- Communication Kits with Visual Alarms
Provided by Hotel
Pet Policy + -
- Guide Dogs Allowed
- Service animals only.
Facility + -
- Smoke-Free Facility
- Number of Floors: 6
- Total Number of Rooms: 128
- Number of Suites: 36
- Number of Non-Smoking Rooms: 128
- Number of Accessible Rooms: 11
- Connecting Rooms Available
- Current Renovation: 01-June-2019 To 01-September-2019
- Hotel will be renovating guest rooms floors 1, 2 and 3 plus hallways.
- Public Spaces Renovated in: 2018
- Guest Rooms Renovated in: 2018
Languages + -
- English
- Spanish
Credit Cards + -
- American Express
- Visa
- MasterCard
- Diners Club
- Carte Blanche
- Discover


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Neil Delamere Live at Vicar St, Sat August 2nd 2014
Following the award-winning success of his previous historical TV shows "There's Something about Patrick" and "The Only Viking in the Village", Neil Delamere is back with more hilarious fadó fadó shenanigans. Watch as this comedy maestro gets to grips with 4 heroes from Ireland's past including Cúchulainn and Red Hugh O'Donnell in a special stand up gig for his new TV series "Holding Out For A Hero".
Tickets available from Ticketmaster.ie for the special price of €15. Book today to avoid disappointment!
This show will be recorded for television broadcast.
http://www.ticketmaster.ie/neil-delamer ... orcatid=51


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Volunteers Meet with Legislators at Dome Day
As many as 100 volunteers are gathering at the state Capitol in Springfield on Thursday for Dome Day, an annual event sponsored by the Serve Illinois Commission on Volunteerism and Community Service. Dome Day serves as an opportunity for volunteers from across the state to inform and educate their legislators on the importance of community service.
Members from the state's three national service programs - AmeriCorps, SeniorCorps, and Learn and Serve - will convene at the Capitol Rotunda to share stories of the impact and effectiveness their work has created. The day begins with a welcome session at 9 a.m., followed by roundtable meetings with members and staff of the General Assembly. The day concludes at noon with lunch.
Volunteers seek to accomplish several goals during Dome Day:
Although Dome Day is not a lobbying event, legislators are asked to visit their local AmeriCorps programs and participate in upcoming National Days of Service, including those planned for National AmeriCorps Week in May.
For a list of these Service Day activities, contact the Serve Illinois Commission at 800-592-9896 or email to email@example.com.


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Making the transition to rehabilitation following a scheduled surgery can be a stressful process. By completing the form below, a Life Care Centers of America admission specialist will contact you before you enter the hospital, working out all the arrangements for your post-operative recovery, so you can be freed to focus on healing during your hospital stay.
Many of our facilities participate in Life Care Centers of America's Preferred Reserve. Just fill out the form below and one of our specialists will work to help you make arrangements to relax and heal in comfort, knowing where you are going for your post-operative recovery before ever leaving your home.


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I arrived early for the 10:40 a.m. contemporary service at Lakeside Christian Church; Bible study was just finishing up its session in the dim adobe (!) church. (The two arched alcoves in the sanctuary were not merely period details; they served to house a drum set and a baptismal pool, both of which saw use during the service.) The group was watching a video accompaniment to Lee Strobel's The Case for Christ; Strobel was teaching from the back of a taxicab:
"A hunch is a good place to start; it's not always a good place to finish. Journalists and scientists know that you have to find hard facts. If your hunch doesn't fit those facts, then you need to jettison it. As we continue our investigation, you may find some of your hunches about Jesus falling away — and that's okay."
After the study, the screen switched to pictures from a church hiking trip and an ad for the church's motorcycle getaway to Julian. Later, Pastor Masser reminded the congregation about upcoming events: softball practice, an Airsoft war, and a marriage outreach Friday date night. "The Lakeside ministerial association has...rented the community center. If you know someone that's in a marriage that maybe needs tweaking and they're not in church to help get it tweaked enough, we would like you to invite them." (Masser had marriage on his mind; his sermon twice mentioned marriages in trouble and the hope for their salvation/resurrection.)
The band started up, and the sharpness of the guitar, the boom of the drums, and the rumble of the congregation under the sloping ceiling gave power to the familiar lyrics. "Better is one day in Your courts/ Than thousands elsewhere.... Be the strength of my life..."
Masser mentioned the intentions for each of the four prayer quilts on the rack beside him. One was for an 11-year-old girl who "just had one of her ovaries removed and has cancer in the lymph nodes around her heart. To be honest, the diagnosis is not good. We're praying for God's power and presence in her life." He prayed, "We ask...for You to guide doctors.... And what we can't do, we ask, if it would be Your will, that You would heal and bring restoration."
That would have made a decent segue into Masser's chosen Scripture for the day — the story of Lazarus's rising from the dead. But the church was in the midst of its series "Jesus Knows What Women Want," an investigation of "the different times that Jesus dealt with women." Masser stressed that he had "preached a lot of sermons on Lazarus being raised from the dead. But I've never focused on Mary and Martha" — Lazarus's sisters and Jesus' friends.
He began with prayer. "You know that inside of our hearts, there is a dark corner that has to do with death. Help us to push aside some of that darkness so that we can make room for Your word....
"When we face death," said Masser, "our definition of God is challenged. Max Lucado asks, 'Why is it that we interpret the presence of death as the absence of God?' If healing doesn't come, does that mean God wasn't there? The truth is, when we have one foot in the grave, that's what we believe.... This view of God has no place for death." (At the end of the sermon, he prayed "that You would help us, as we mature in our faith, to allow death into our lives.")
But then he reminded the congregation of Christ's words: "'I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in Me will live, even though he dies...' Do you believe that He can turn death into life?"
He compared death — Lazarus's death — to a trickster, clouding the faith of Mary and Martha, both of whom challenged Jesus: "'If You had been here...' Jesus is agitated," Masser explained, citing the Gospel: "'He was deeply moved in spirit and troubled...Jesus wept.' He is torqued by what death has done to His children." So He calls Lazarus out of the grave, "'And the dead man came out.'" Masser paused over the line. "Will you read those words along with me? 'And the dead man came out.'"
Before communion, a man read from Psalm 23 and repeated the last verse: "Surely goodness and love will follow me all the days of my life, and I will dwell in the house of the Lord forever."
What happens when we die?
"Jesus said, when He was talking to the thief of the cross, 'Today, you will be with me in paradise,'" said Masser. "That is my own belief — the moment we close our eyes on this life, we enter into eternal life. If we've accepted Jesus Christ as our Lord and Savior...then we're invited into what is traditionally called heaven."
Lakeside Christian Church
13739 El Monte Road, Lakeside
Denomination: nondenominational independent
Founded locally: 1955
Senior pastor: Marshall Masser
Congregation size: 320
Staff size: 4
Sunday school enrollment: 40
Weekly giving: $7500
Annual budget: $360,000
Singles program: no
Dress: casual to semiformal
Diversity: mostly Caucasian
Sunday worship: 8 a.m. (traditional), 10:40 a.m. (contemporary), 5 p.m. (contemporary)
Length of reviewed service: 1 hour, 10 minutes
Website: lakesidechristian.org
More from SDReader
- More stories by Matthew Lickona
- Mercy Community Church — March 24, 2010
- The Fields Church of Carlsbad — April 15, 2009
- St. Therese of Carmel — April 1, 2009
- Crossroads Church — Jan. 14, 2009
- Harbor Church Mid-City — Jan. 16, 2008


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So, yeah, it's Christmas here in Romania. So merry Christmas and stuff. I'm not good at these sort of things, so I'll just say this: we always want something… we always wish for something. And it's good, and I hope you all get what you want. But it's also equally important to realize that dreams don't come true unless you try to make them come true.
Anyway… I'm 22 now. I don't feel older, wiser, or taller. Maybe because I'm not. I'm still me.
Over the years I've spent my birthdays in all sorts of places (including a hospital once or twice, if I recall correctly.) I usually got sick just before Christmas. It hasn't happened in quite a few years. Now, I'm home, listening to some Christmas songs, and writing this post.
To be honest, I want to say a lot. I want to write a great post, but I'm not sure if I have something worth saying, other than "thank you." This year has been a great one for me. In a way, this is the year I really decided to become a writer. A real one. To write and write and write, because that's the one thing that I always loved doing, the one thing I feel I was meant to do.
So, yeah, thank you. For keeping me motivated, for all the encouragements and praise and all that. It's nice. Some say it doesn't matter, but they're all lying. It's nice, it shouldn't be anything else. So, once again, thank you.
And this is my present to all of you who supported irevuo during these two months or so. You can put them on your website/blog, in your sidebar. You can show people you've helped us get the whole thing up and ready.
If you want to put a badge in your sidebar as a widget (the same way I did with my proud to work for irevuo widget) all you need to do is select the text widget, drag it to the position you want, then write something like:

You can get the location of the image in your media library. Just click on edit, then you have something called File URL. Copy that one and you're done.
Our campaign is drawing to a close. With 34 hours left, we're close to getting all the funds we need in order to buy Adobe Digital Publishing and all the other stuff we need. I know I must be sounding like I broken record by now, but if you can (and want to) please contribute here. Or here.
Once again, merry Christmas and talk soon,


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Man stopped from attacking woman by Marine veteran charged
Good Samaritan used gun to hold off Kenneth Harris
A man stopped by a good Samaritan from attacking a West Allis woman was charged late Thursday afternoon.
Marine veteran Charlie Blackmore spotted a woman getting kicked on Lincoln Avenue early Tuesday morning and used his gun to hold the woman's attacker, who was identified as Kenneth Harris, 43, until police arrived.
His call to 911 was released Thursday.
"There's a black male that just beat up a female in the street. He's walking away from me, and I told him to stop," Blackmore told the dispatcher.
Harris was charged with substantial battery. He's accused of beating his ex-girlfriend. Investigators said he kicked her while she was on the ground on the side of the road.
Blackmore stopped his car, got out and pulled out his 9 mm handgun.
"He's coming at me. I have a gun. Can I?" Blackmore asked the dispatcher.
"No," the dispatcher replied.
The cellphone call dropped, and when the dispatcher got Blackmore back on the line, he can be heard shouting commands to Harris.
"Get down. If you come at me, I will shoot you," Blackmore said.
"You said you did have a firearm on you?" the dispatcher asked.
"Yes. I have it on me. I have a conceal-carry permit, and if he comes at me, I'm going to take him down," Blackmore replied.
"Stay on the phone with me until the squads can get there. OK?" the dispatcher said.
"He just beat up this girl right here," Blackmore said.
"Where's the female?" the dispatcher asked.
"She's right behind me. The cops are here. There are four of them," Blackmore said.
Blackmore spoke after Harris made a court appearance.
"I mean it's a good thing. He deserves what he got. You know, if you're going to attack someone, especially a female, that's what you should expect coming to you," Blackmore said.
Blackmore said he recognized the victim after the beating as a woman he had seen walking to her job every morning.
Harris has a preliminary hearing on the felony charge scheduled for later in March.


text:
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A winner was selected from 75 designs submitted by 34 freelance designers.
We want to replace our current logo
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We\'d like Kern & Co. to be on one line, needs to be sophisticated, elegant, substantial (the image)... the overall logo should be memorable.
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District 200 voters must weigh cost of new school
Wheaton Warrenville Unit District 200 is seeking voter approval this spring to borrow millions of dollars in tax-backed loans to build a new Jefferson Early Childhood Center in Wheaton and demolish the existing structure.
But even as officials push for a tax increase to fund the project, one school board member says District 200 should hold off on any new construction at Jefferson or major spending to improve any of its aging facilities.
Jim Gambaiani was the lone "no" vote in January when the school board voted 6-1 to place a referendum question on the April 9 ballot asking voters whether the district should borrow $17.6 million to finance the cost of building a new Jefferson at 130 N. Hazelton Ave.
Supporters of the proposal say Jefferson, which opened in 1958, is aging, outdated and inadequate to house the district's preschool program. The school has reached its capacity of 289 students, ages 3 to 5, many of whom are dealing with disabilities.
Meanwhile, about 70 preschoolers and their teachers have been shifted to satellite programs in the district's elementary schools.
Gambaiani doesn't deny Jefferson is "dated," but says he's concerned about adding to the district's debt at a time when state lawmakers are talking about shifting teacher pension costs to downstate and suburban school districts.
"This was not about Jefferson," Gambaiani says. "This is really where we are financially as a district, and where we could potentially be going in the future because of all the daunting and unknown financial impacts that could occur within the district."
He says he supports a wait-and-see approach to "find out over the next 'x' number of months what's truly going to happen in this state financially."
"I just believe we are expected and have an obligation to the District 200 families to be more frugal and more cautious with our spending," he says.
If voters approve the proposed tax increase, officials say the district's principal and interest payments on the debt would cost a total of about $23 million over 11 years.
"The referendum is $17.6 million, but at the end of the day the real cost is $23 million to the families of District 200," Gambaiani says.
He also says the state's cost-shift plan, if approved, could lead the district to ask voters for another tax increase in the near future.
"My concern then is they (voters) say, 'Well, we're not going to support that,'" Gambaiani says. "Then it comes back to the district and we have to possibly cut staff, increase class sizes and cut programs."
If voters approve the tax increase for Jefferson, the owner of a $300,000 house will pay an additional $30 a year in property taxes to the district for 10 years, and then a much larger amount in the 11th year. The Jefferson-specific impact for that homeowner would be an estimated $344 in additional property taxes to the district in the 11th year, or on the tax bill residents receive in 2024.
Robert Lewis of PMA Securities says the district assumed a 3 percent annual appreciation in home values, so a house valued at $300,000 at the start of the 11-year period would be worth about $404,000. He said the estimated tax increases also could change as a result of several factors, including interest rate shifts or new growth in the district.
Without a Jefferson loan on the books, property taxes to the district are set to drop in levy year 2023 (for tax bills received in 2024) as the district pays off earlier loans -- resulting in a decrease of $708 for the owner of a $300,000 home, according to district documents.
A presentation to the school board in January showed taxpayers would see less of a drop in levy year 2023 if voters back the Jefferson proposal. Under that scenario, the owner of a $300,000 home would see a decrease of only $364 in property taxes to the district.
School board President Rosemary Swanson says the district should not wait to pursue plans for a new Jefferson.
"The community needs to invest in itself to keep moving forward," she says. "We have to make sure we are keeping ourselves in good order and investing in ourselves."
The opposition
Gambaiani isn't the only one raising questions about the district's funding plan.
Other opponents argue the proposed bond issue for Jefferson could be much smaller if the district simply used part or all of what's left of a $14.4 million construction grant it received last year from the state Capital Development Board.
The district applied for the grant in 2003 to fund classroom additions at Wheaton North and Wheaton Warrenville South high schools. When it finally arrived last year, the school board approved using a portion of the money -- about $2.8 million -- to pay off a lease for network upgrades, including the addition of wireless Internet access in all district schools.
That leaves the district with $11.6 million from the grant, and some referendum foes say that money could be put toward a new Jefferson instead of asking taxpayers to foot the entire bill.
But district officials say they want to use the grant money to bolster their fund balance to protect the district against unseen emergencies and perhaps to address other building needs. Having strong reserves also helps impress credit rating agencies.
"In the event we don't get our money from the state on time, or there's some catastrophic -- maybe not even catastrophic -- some unknown expense that crops up that we must take care of in the interest of the district, we've got that additional money sitting there in the fund balance to be used," Gambaiani says.
Swanson says the district's fund balances have been low because the district used them to finance many projects in the 1990s rather than asking voters to approve tax increases.
"It was a different economic time and, because of that, our fund balances are low," she says. "We struggled with that for a number of years."
By keeping the remaining grant money, Swanson says, the district's fund balance now stands at 27 percent of its annual revenues.
"It's not extraordinarily high," she says. "It's right about where it should be, really, almost at the low end of where it should be."
Superintendent Brian Harris was one of those who urged the board to ask voters to approve the full amount for a new Jefferson so the district could keep the remaining grant money in reserve because of other existing facility needs.
The district, for example, hopes to address roof issues at the former Woodland School in Warrenville, currently a storage facility.
Swanson says the board is taking a "one step at a time" approach when it comes to its other aging facilities.
The history
Jefferson, however, long has been near the top of the district's to-do list. The school opened in 1958 and its design for elementary students isn't necessarily appropriate for preschool students, officials say.
In 2006, when the district was looking at design plans for a new Hubble Middle School, officials also explored possible renovations at Jefferson and pegged the cost of remodeling at $13.4 million.
Officials say the estimate is higher now partly because plans by Chicago-based Legat Architects are more detailed after conducting site visits at similar facilities in other districts and fielding feedback from Jefferson staff. The additional study prompted planners to add 9,824 square feet to the final design to address student needs.
"It was a rough sketch," Jefferson Principal Stephanie Farrelly says of the 2006 plans. "It really wasn't a team of individuals really looking at the needs and making a program-driven decision to the extent that we did this time."
Another design option presented to the board estimated the cost of renovating Jefferson within its existing footprint of 26,507 square feet at roughly $8.3 million. Remodeling, plus building an addition, had an estimated cost of about $15 million.
"When you start looking at a cost of $15 million to sort of work around the space that you've got, add some space on and still maybe not end up with the ideal, and you're only a couple million dollars away from what would make a good space, plus it's newer so it will last longer, it just seems like the better value to the community is to look at new construction rather than to be trying to change up the old structure," Swanson says.
Meanwhile, board meetings on plans for a new Jefferson have drawn parents and representatives from area nonprofit organizations such as Little Friends Inc., who argue that some students who receive special-needs services at an early age may no longer require therapy and other programs later and, thus, could ultimately save the community money.
District officials say 90 percent to 95 percent of students exiting the early childhood program go on to their neighborhood school, although some still require special-needs services.
"You get a much bigger bang for your buck the younger you go in terms of investing in the programs and services for them compared to later on," Swanson says. "If that's true even with regular students, it's even more true for students who need some additional support."
About this seriesAbout this series
This is the second of a two-part series examining Wheaton Warrenville Unit District 200's April 9 ballot question concerning the future of the Jefferson Early Childhood Center. The first installment took a closer look at the conditions in the existing school and the district's plans for a new building.


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The BDP-31FD Elite player brings you this unrivaled picture and audio quality with new media features like online streaming of popular video content sites, optional wireless connectivity with a USB dongle (sold separately), and a free application for your iPhone or iPod touch that turns your media player into a full-fledged remote. There's also a dedicated RS-232 port for integration into custom home automation systems like Crestron and Control4.
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Fudge Sundae Pie
Total TimePrep: 20 min. + freezing
Makes8 servings
- 1/4 cup plus 3 tablespoons light corn syrup, divided
- 3 tablespoons reduced-fat butter
- 2 tablespoons brown sugar
- 2-1/2 cups crisp rice cereal
- 1/4 cup reduced-fat creamy peanut butter
- 1/4 cup fat-free hot fudge ice cream topping, warmed
- 1/4 cup chopped unsalted peanuts
- 4 cups fat-free vanilla frozen yogurt, softened
- In a large saucepan, combine 1/4 cup corn syrup, butter and brown sugar. Bring to a boil; cook and stir for 1 minute.
- Remove from the heat; stir in cereal until blended. Press into a greased 9-in. pie plate.
- In a small bowl, combine the peanut butter, hot fudge topping and remaining corn syrup. Set aside 1/3 cup for topping. Spread remaining mixture over crust; sprinkle with half of the peanuts. Top with frozen yogurt. Freeze, covered, for 6 hours or until firm.
- Warm reserved peanut butter mixture; drizzle over pie. Sprinkle with remaining peanuts. Let stand at room temperature for 5 minutes before cutting.
Editor's NoteThis recipe was tested with Land O'Lakes light stick butter.
Nutrition Facts1 piece: 300 calories, 7g fat (2g saturated fat), 7mg cholesterol, 253mg sodium, 53g carbohydrate (33g sugars, 1g fiber), 9g protein.
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Jun 17, 2010
Made this for a church dinner and it was a hit. However, I could not get the "crust" to stick together. I did not use reduced fat butter, which may have been the reason. I wound up making it in a 9x13 glass dish. The fudge/peanut butter topping must be warmed in order for it to spread easily. I think next time I will just make rice krispie treats for the crust.
May 15, 2010
I'm here to tell you that this is GOOOOOD! Try it!!! You'll LOVE it!!!!! 5STARS---to bad there isn't 10 stars,'cause it dezerves it!!!! THANK~YOU!!!!! LOVE it!!!!!!!!!
May 15, 2010
Fudge sundae pie is simple and easy to make and one my family makes whenever we need a special dessert. It's delicious and definitely a keeper and going in my recipe box.
May 15, 2010
Made this for my son who likes peanut butter. He said it was good.Laughed at the description - "guilt-free" and "healthier." It's a lot of sugar to be healthy. Still tastes good though.
May 15, 2010
I added some coconut to the crust and finely diced pecans on top


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Division of Toxicology
September 2001
This Public Health Statement is the summary chapter from the Toxicological Profile for 1,2- Dichloroethane. It is one in a series of Public Health Statements about hazardous substances and their health effects. A shorter version, the ToxFAQs TM is also available. This information is important because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737.
This public health statement tells you about 1,2- dichloroethane and the effects of exposure. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies the most serious hazardous waste sites in the nation. These sites make up the National Priorities List (NPL) and are the sites targeted for long-term federal cleanup activities. 1,2-Dichloroethane has been found in at least 570 of the 1,585 current or former NPL sites. However, the total number of NPL sites evaluated for 1,2-dichloroethane is not known. As more sites are evaluated, the sites at which 1,2-dichloroethane is found may increase. This information is important because exposure to 1,2-dichloroethane may harm you and because these sites may be sources of exposure. When a substance is released from a large area, such as an industrial plant, or from a container, such as a drum or bottle, it enters the environment. This release does not always lead to exposure. You are exposed to a substance only when you come in contact with it. You may be exposured by breathing, eating, or drinking the substance, or by skin contact. If you are exposed to 1,2-dichloroethane, many factors determine whether you will be harmed. These factors include the dose (how much), the duration
(how long), and how you come in contact with it. You must also consider the other chemicals you are exposed to and your age, sex, diet, family traits, lifestyle, and state of health.
1,2-Dichloroethane is a clear, manufactured liquid that is not found naturally in the environment. It evaporates quickly at room temperature and has a pleasant smell and a sweet taste. 1,2-Dichloroethane burns with a smoky flame. At this time, the most common use of 1,2-dichloroethane is to make vinyl chloride, which is used to make a variety of plastic and vinyl products including polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes and other important construction materials, packaging materials, furniture and automobile upholstery, wall coverings, housewares, and automobile parts. 1,2-Dichloroethane is also used as a solvent and is added to leaded gasoline to remove lead. In the past, it was also found in small amounts in products that industries used to clean cloth, remove grease from metal, and break down oils, fats, waxes, resins, and rubber. In the household, 1,2-dichloroethane was formerly a component of some cleaning solutions and pesticides; some adhesives, such as those used to glue wallpaper or carpeting; and some paint, varnish, and finish removers. Although large amounts of 1,2-dichloroethane are produced today, most is used to make other chemical products. Small amounts of 1,2-dichloroethane that were released into water or soil evaporate into the air. 1,2-Dichloroethane that remains in soil from a spill or improper disposal can travel through the ground into water. The chemical may remain in water or soil for more than 40 days.
DEPARTMENT of HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Telephone: 1-888-422-8737
Fax: 770-488-4178
E-Mail: email@example.com
1,2-Dichloroethane can enter the environment when it is made, packaged, shipped, or used. Most 1,2- dichloroethane is released to the air, although some is released to rivers or lakes. 1,2-Dichloroethane could also enter soil, water, or air in large amounts in an accidental spill. 1,2-Dichloroethane evaporates into the air very fast from soil and water. In the air, it breaks down by reacting with other compounds formed by the sunlight. 1,2- Dichloroethane will stay in the air for more than 5 months before it is broken down. It may also be removed from air in rain or snow. Since it stays in the air for a while, the wind may carry it over large distances. In water, 1,2-dichloroethane breaks down very slowly and most of it will evaporate to the air. Only very small amounts are taken up by plants and fish. We do not know exactly how long 1,2- dichloroethane remains in water, but we do know that it remains longer in lakes than in rivers. In soil, 1,2-dichloroethane either evaporates into the air or travels down through soil and enters underground water. Small organisms living in soil and groundwater may transform it into other less harmful compounds, although this happens slowly. If a large amount of 1,2-dichloroethane enters soil from an accident, hazardous waste site, or landfill, it may travel a long way underground and contaminate drinking water wells.
Humans are exposed to 1,2-dichloroethane mainly by breathing air or drinking water that contains 1,2- dichloroethane. Human exposure usually happens
where the chemical has been improperly disposed of, or spilled onto the ground. However, low levels of 1,2-dichloroethane have also been found in the air near industries where it is made or used in manufacturing. Humans can be exposed to low levels of 1,2-dichloroethane through the skin or air by contact with old products made with 1,2- dichloroethane, such as cleaning agents, pesticides, and adhesives used to glue wallpaper and carpets. Such exposure is probably not enough to cause harmful health effects. 1,2-Dichloroethane has been found in U.S. drinking water at levels ranging from
0.05 to 64 parts of 1,2-dichloroethane per billion
(ppb) parts of water. An average amount of 175 ppb has been found in 12% of the surface water and
groundwater samples taken at 2,783 hazardous wastes sites. 1,2-Dichloroethane has also been found in the air near urban areas at levels of 0.10–
1.50 ppb and near hazardous waste sites at levels of
0.01–0.003 ppb. Small amounts of 1,2- dichloroethane have also been found in foods. Humans may also be exposed to 1,2-dichloroethane through its use as a gasoline additive to reduce lead
content, but these small levels are not expected to affect human health. This is probably not an important way that people are exposed to 1,2- dichloroethane in the United States, since leaded gasolines are rarely used today.
1,2-Dichloroethane can enter the body when people breathe air or drink water that contains 1,2- dichloroethane. Studies in animals also show that 1,2-dichloroethane can enter the body through the skin. Humans are most likely to be exposed at work and outside the workplace by drinking water that contains 1,2-dichloroethane, or by breathing 1,2-
dichloroethane that has escaped from contaminated water or soil into the air. Experiments in animals show that 1,2-dichloroethane that is breathed in or swallowed goes to many organs of the body, but usually leaves in the breath within 1 or 2 days. The breakdown products of 1,2-dichloroethane in the body leave quickly in the urine. Soil near hazardous waste sites probably does not have high amounts of 1,2-dichloroethane because it evaporates quickly into the air. This suggests that exposure near a hazardous waste site would most likely occur by breathing contaminated air rather than by touching contaminated soil.
To protect the public from the harmful effects of toxic chemicals and to find ways to treat people who have been harmed, scientists use many tests. One way to see if a chemical will hurt people is to learn how the chemical is absorbed, used, and released by the body; for some chemicals, animal testing may be necessary. Animal testing may also be used to identify health effects such as cancer or birth defects. Without laboratory animals, scientists would lose a basic method to get information needed to make wise decisions to protect public health. Scientists have the responsibility to treat research animals with care and compassion. Laws today protect the welfare of research animals, and scientists must comply with strict animal care guidelines. People who were accidentally exposed to large amounts of 1,2-dichloroethane in the air or who swallowed 1,2-dichloroethane by accident, or on purpose, often developed nervous system disorders and liver and kidney disease. Lung effects were also seen after a large amount of 1,2- dichloroethane was inhaled. People often died from
heart failure. We do not know what levels of 1,2- dichloroethane caused these effects, but they are probably high. Studies in laboratory animals also found that breathing or swallowing large amounts of 1,2-dichloroethane produced nervous system disorders, kidney disease, or lung effects. Reduced ability to fight infection was also seen in laboratory animals who breathed or swallowed 1,2- dichloroethane, but we do not know if this also occurs in humans. Longer-term exposure to lower doses also caused kidney disease in animals. So far, exposure to 1,2-dichloroethane has not been associated with cancer in humans. One study showed a relationship between increased cancer and exposure to pollutants in groundwater, including 1,2-dichloroethane, but the people were probably exposed to many other chemicals at the same time. Cancer was found in laboratory animals who were fed large doses of 1,2-dichloroethane. When 1,2- dichloroethane was put on the skin of laboratory animals, they developed lung tumors. We are not sure whether breathing 1,2-dichloroethane causes cancer in animals. Because of the cancer findings in animals, the possibility of cancer in humans cannot be ruled out. The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) has determined that 1,2- dichloroethane may reasonably be expected to cause cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that 1,2- dichloroethane can possibly cause cancer in humans. EPA has determined that 1,2- dichloroethane is a probable human carcinogen.
This section discusses potential health effects from exposures during the period from conception to maturity at 18 years of age in humans. Children can
be exposed to 1,2-dichloroethane by breathing contaminated air, and possibly by drinking contaminated water. In the past, 1,2-dichloroethane had been used in certain household items, such as cleaning products and adhesives, but is no longer used in these products. There is a possibility that using of one of these older household products containing 1,2-dichloroethane to clean floors or glue carpets could result in exposure, since children often crawl on floors and play on carpets. Such exposures would probably last a few days or less, since 1,2-dichloroethane evaporates very quickly. Children are not likely to be exposed to 1,2- dichloroethane from parents' clothing or other items removed from the workplace. Because 1,2- dichloroethane has been detected in human milk, it is possible that young children could be exposed to 1,2-dichloroethane from breast-feeding mothers who had been exposed to sources of 1,2- dichloroethane. There have been no studies of health effects in children exposed to 1,2- dichloroethane, and we have no reliable information on whether 1,2-dichloroethane causes birth defects in children. One study broadly suggests that heart problems could occur in the human fetus from mothers being exposed to 1,2-dichloroethane along with some other chemicals, but the information is not reliable enough for us to be sure whether 1,2- dichloroethane is responsible for the defects. Studies of pregnant laboratory animals indicate that it probably does not produce birth defects or affect reproduction. We do know, however, that when the pregnant animal is exposed to 1,2-dichloroethane, the fetus is probably also exposed. It is likely that children exposed to 1,2-dichloroethane after birth would show the same health effects that are expected to occur in adults, especially liver and kidney disease. There is no information to determine whether children differ from adults in
their sensitivity to the health effects of 1,2- dichloroethane.
If your doctor finds that you have been exposed to significant amounts of 1,2-dichloroethane, ask whether your children might also be exposed. Your doctor might need to ask your state health department to investigate. In the past, 1,2- dichloroethane was used in small amounts in household products such as cleaning agents, pesticides, and wallpaper and carpet glue. It is possible that you may have old containers of such products in your home. Risk of exposure from this source could be eliminated if these older products were immediately discarded. Otherwise, household chemicals should be stored out of reach of young children to prevent accidental poisonings. Always store household chemicals in their original labeled containers. Never store household chemicals in containers that children would find attractive to eat or drink from, such as old soda bottles. Keep your Poison Control Center's number next to the phone. Sometimes older children sniff household chemicals in an attempt to get high. Your children may be exposed to 1,2-dichloroethane by inhaling products containing it. Talk with your children about the dangers of sniffing chemicals. The exposure of your family to 1,2-dichloroethane can be reduced by throwing away any household products that contain it. You may wish to contact your county health department for appropriate disposal methods. 1,2- Dichloroethane has been found in drinking water in the United States. Most of the time, 1,2- dichloroethane has been found in small amounts that do not pose a major health risk. You may want
to contact your water supplier or local health department to get information about the levels of 1,2-dichloroethane in the drinking water.
1,2-Dichloroethane has been found in the breath, blood, breast milk, and urine of exposed people. Because breath samples are easily collected, testing breathed-out or exhaled air is now a possible way to find out whether someone has recently been exposed to 1,2-dichloroethane. However, tests that measure small amounts in human breath, tissues, and fluids may not be available at your doctor's office because they require special equipment. Your physician can refer you to a facility where these tests are done. Although these tests can show that you have been exposed to 1,2-dichloroethane, it is not possible to tell if you will experience any harmful health effects. Because 1,2-dichloroethane leaves the body fairly quickly, these methods are best for finding exposures that occurred within the last several days. Exposure to 1,2-dichloroethane at hazardous waste sites will probably include exposure to other organic compounds at the same time. Therefore, levels of 1,2-dichloroethane measured in the body by these methods may not show exposure to 1,2-dichloroethane only. Medical tests available at a doctor's office include lung-, liver-, and kidney-function tests, but these tests look for damage that has already occurred from general chemical exposure and do not determine the cause of damage. Damage could also be the result of lifestyle (e.g., drinking alcohol, smoking) or general exposure to environmental agents. Other methods to measure the effects of exposure to 1,2- dichloroethane (such as abnormal enzyme levels) do
not measure the effects of exposure to 1,2- dichloroethane only, but measure effects of other chemicals as well.
The federal government develops regulations and recommendations to protect public health. Regulations can be enforced by law. Federal agencies that develop regulations for toxic substances include the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Recommendations provide valuable guidelines to protect public health but cannot be enforced by law. Federal organizations that develop recommendations for toxic substances include the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Regulations and recommendations can be expressed in not-to-exceed levels in air, water, soil, or food that are usually based on levels that affect animals; then they are adjusted to help protect people. Sometimes these not-to-exceed levels differ among federal organizations because of different exposure times (an 8-hour workday or a 24-hour day), the use of different animal studies, or other factors. Recommendations and regulations are also periodically updated as more information becomes available. For the most current information, check with the federal agency or organization that provides it. Some regulations and recommendations for 1,2-dichloroethane include the following: The federal government has developed regulatory standards and guidelines to protect people from the possible health effects of 1,2-dichloroethane in air.
OSHA has set a limit of 50 parts of 1,2- dichloroethane per million parts of air (ppm, 1 ppm is 1,000 times more than 1 ppb) in the workplace for an 8-hour day, 40-hour week. NIOSH recommends that a person not be exposed daily in the workplace to more than 1 ppm 1,2- dichloroethane for a 10-hour day, 40-hour week. NIOSH calls 1,2-dichloroethane a possible occupational carcinogen. EPA also calls the compound a probable human cancer-causing agent, based on experiments in animals. The federal government has also set regulatory standards and guidelines to protect people from the possible health effects of 1,2-dichloroethane in drinking water. EPA has set a limit in water of 0.005 milligrams of 1,2-dichloroethane per liter (5 ppb).
If you have any more questions or concerns, please contact your community or state health or environmental quality department or:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32 Atlanta, GA 30333
Information line and technical assistance:
Phone: 888-422-8737 FAX: (770)-488-4178
ATSDR can also tell you the location of occupational and environmental health clinics. These clinics specialize in recognizing, evaluating, and treating illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances.
To order toxicological profiles, contact:
National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Phone: 800-553-6847 or 703-605-6000
Reference Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2001. Toxicological profile for 1,2- dichoroethane. Update. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.