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Tavakkoli, H., Kheirandish, R., Moradi, Z. (2017). Histopathological Evaluation of the Effect of Metronidazole on the Embryo Skin and Integument Tissues using a Chicken Embryo Model.
Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
, 24(3), 190-199.
Hadi Tavakkoli; Reza Kheirandish; Zeynab Moradi. "Histopathological Evaluation of the Effect of Metronidazole on the Embryo Skin and Integument Tissues using a Chicken Embryo Model".
Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
, 24, 3, 2017, 190-199.
Tavakkoli, H., Kheirandish, R., Moradi, Z. (2017). 'Histopathological Evaluation of the Effect of Metronidazole on the Embryo Skin and Integument Tissues using a Chicken Embryo Model',
Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
, 24(3), pp. 190-199.
Tavakkoli, H., Kheirandish, R., Moradi, Z. Histopathological Evaluation of the Effect of Metronidazole on the Embryo Skin and Integument Tissues using a Chicken Embryo Model.
Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
, 2017; 24(3): 190-199.
Histopathological Evaluation of the Effect of Metronidazole on the Embryo Skin and Integument Tissues using a Chicken Embryo Model
Article 3
Volume 24, Issue 3
, May and June 2017
, Page
Document Type: Original Article
Hadi Tavakkoli
Reza Kheirandish
Zeynab Moradi
Associate Professor of Avian Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Professor, of Pathobiology, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Student of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Metronidazole is categorized in pharmacological group C and few researches have been conducted about its pathological effects on the human fetus. Since the embryogenesis in chicken is similar to that in human beings, in the current study, the toxic effects of this drug on embryo skin and integument tissues were assessed using a chicken embryo model.
The experiment was done on 36 fertilized Ross 308 eggs with the mean egg-weight of (54.4 ± 0.8g). The embryos of the control group received sterile phosphate buffered saline solution into the yolk sac on day 4 of the growing period. The embryos of the two treatment groups received metronidazole at dosages of 50 and 100 mg per Kg body-weight, respectively. The pathological effects of the drug on the embryos' skin and integument tissues were evaluated using macroscopic and histopathologic studies.
According to the results, metronidazole has adverse effects on the embryo skin and integument tissues during embryonic development. Macroscopic evaluation of the organs revealed white nodules, of about 1mm in diameter, on the skin surface of the embryos. Histopathological effects of the drug consisted of hyperkeratosis, degeneration of the integument tissues and detachment from the epidermis.
Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that consumption of metronidazole during pregnancy can cause adverse effects on the skin and integument tissues of the human fetus. Therefore, the drug should only be given during pregnancy when benefits outweigh its risks.
Pasupuleti V, Escobedo AA, Deshpande A, Thota P, Roman Y, Hernandez AV. Efficacy of 5-Nitroimidazoles for the Treatment of Giardiasis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
2014; 8(3):2733 -9.
Mombelli A, Almaghlouth A, Cionca N, Courvoisier DS, Giannopoulou C. Differential benefits of amoxicillin–metronidazole in different phases of periodontal therapy in a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial.
J Periodontol
2015; 86(3):367-75.
Nishizawa T, Maekawa T, Watanabe N, Harada N, Hosoda Y, Yoshinaga M, et al. Clarithromycin versus metronidazole as first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication: a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled study in Japan.
J Clin Gastroenterol
2015; 49(6):468-71.
Taieb A, Ortonne J, Ruzicka T, Roszkiewicz J, Berth‐Jones J, Peirone M, et al. Superiority of ivermectin 1% cream over metronidazole 0· 75% cream in treating inflammatory lesions of rosacea: a randomized, investigator blinded trial.
Br J Dermatol
2015; 172(4):1103-10.
Mazuski JE, Gasink LB, Armstrong J, Broadhurst H, Stone GG, Rank D, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Plus Metronidazole Versus Meropenem in the Treatment of Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infection–Results from a Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Program.
Clin Infect Dis
2016; 62(11):1380-9.
Williams C, Vacca A, Dunham L, Lloyd D, Coogan MP, Evans G, et al. The redox-active drug metronidazole and thiol-depleting garlic compounds act synergistically in the protist parasite Spironucleus vortens.
Mol Biochem Parasitol
2016; 206(1):20-8.
Hobbs K, Stern-Nezer S, Buckwalter MS, Fischbein N, Caulfield AF. Metronidazole-Induced Encephalopathy: Not Always a Reversible Situation.
Neurocrit Care
2015; 22(3):429-36.
Wu N, Nguyen J, Ahmed A. A Case Report of Metronidazole-Induced Central Nervous System Complications (P4. 396).
2016; 86(16 ):396-401.
Thompson KE, Newcomb DL, Moffat GJ, Zalikowski J, Chellman GJ, McNerney ME. Evaluation of early fetal exposure to vaginally-administered metronidazole in pregnant cynomolgus monkeys.
Reprod Toxicol
2016; 59:17-21.
Karamanakos P. The possibility of serotonin syndrome brought about by the use of metronidazole.
Minerva Anestesiol
2008; 74(11):679-83.
Kazy Z, Puho E, Czeizel AE. Teratogenic potential of vaginal metronidazole treatment during pregnancy.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
2005; 123(2):174-8.
Gürcü B, Koca YB, Özkut M, Tuğlu Mİ. Matrix changes due to the toxic effects of metronidazole in intestinal tissue of fish (Onchorhynchus mykiss).
2016; 144:1605-10.
Tiboni GM, Marotta F, Castigliego AP. Teratogenic effects in mouse fetuses subjected to the concurrent in utero exposure to miconazole and metronidazole.
Reprod Toxicol
2008; 26(3-4):254-61.
Kołodziejska M, Maszkowska J, Białk-Bielińska A, Steudte S, Kumirska J, Stepnowski P, et al. Aquatic toxicity of four veterinary drugs commonly applied in fish farming and animal husbandry.
2013; 92(9):1253-9.
Heisterberg L. Placental transfer of metronidazole in the first trimester of pregnancy.
J Perinat Med
1984; 12(1):43-5.
Sweetman SC, Pharm B, PharmS F. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. 36 ed, London, Pharmaceutical Press, 2009.
Männer J, Seidl W, Heinicke F, Hesse H. Teratogenic effects of suramin on the chick embryo.
Anat Embryol (Berl)
2003; 206(3):229-37.
Singroha R, Srivastava S, Chhikara P. Effect of Gentamicin on kidney in developing chicks.
Eur J Anat
2012; 16(2):119-26.
Cheled-Shoval S, Amit-Romach E, Barbakov M, Uni Z. The effect of in ovo administration of mannan oligosaccharide on small intestine development during the pre-and posthatch periods in chickens.
Poult Sci
2011; 90(10):2301-10.
Li X-G, Sui W-G, Yan H-C, Jiang Q-Y, Wang X-Q. The in ovo administration of L-trans pyrrolidine-2, 4-dicarboxylic acid regulates small intestinal growth in chicks.
2014; 8(10):1677-83.
Liu H, Wang J, Chen X, Zhang R, Yu H, Jin H, et al. In ovo administration of rhIGF-1 to duck eggs affects the expression of myogenic transcription factors and muscle mass during late embryo development.
J Appl Physiol
2011; 111(6):1789-97.
Kulesa PM, McKinney MC, McLennan R. Developmental imaging: the avian embryo hatches to the challenge.
Birth Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today: Reviews
2013; 99(2):121-33.
Jacobsen ID, Grosse K, Hube B. Embryonated chicken eggs as alternative infection model for pathogenic fungi.
Methods Mol Biol
2012; 845:487-96.
García-Rubio I, Martínez-Cócera C, Magadán SS, Rodríguez-Jiménez B, Vázquez-Cortés S. Hypersensitivity reactions to metronidazole.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)
2006; 34(2):70-2.
Reich A, Stander S, Szepietowski JC. Drug-induced pruritus: a review.
Acta Derm Venereol
2009; 89(3):236-44.
Riviere JE, Papich MG. Veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
McClain RM, Downing JC, Edgcomb JE. Effect of metronidazole on fertility and testicular function in male rats.
Fundam Appl Toxicol
1989; 12(3):386-96.
Asín-Prieto E, Soraluce A, Trocóniz IF, Cimarras EC, de Ugarte Sobrón JS, Rodríguez-Gascón A, et al. Population pharmacokinetic models for cefuroxime and metronidazole used in combination as prophylactic agents in colorectal surgery: Model-based evaluation of standard dosing regimens.
Int J Antimicrob Agents
2015; 45(5):504-11.
Workman P, Twentyman PR, Lee FY, Walton MI. Drug metabolism and chemosensitization. Nitroimidazoles as inhibitors of drug metabolism.
Biochem Pharmacol
1983; 32(5):857-64.
Duchêne M. Metronidazole and the Redox Biochemistry of Entamoeba histolytica. Amebiasis, Springer, 2015. pp. 523-41.
Khan AAP, Khan A, Asiri AM, Azum N, Rub MA, Khan SB, et al. Study of the base-catalysed oxidation of the anti-bacterial and anti-protozoal agent metronidazole by permanganate ion in alkaline medium.
Res Chemic Intermed
2014; 40(4):1703-14.
Adams G, Flockhart I, Smithen C, Stratford I, Wardman P, Watts M. Electron-Affinic Sensitization VII. A Correlation between Structures, One-Electron Reduction Potentials, and Efficiencies of Nitroimidazoles as Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers.
Radiat Res
2012; 178(2):183-9.
Hong CR, Wang J, Hicks KO, Hay MP. Efficient Protocol for the Identification of Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitisers. Tumor Microenvironment, Springer, 2016. pp. 269-90.
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Aims and Scope
Journal Management System.
Designed by


text:
Taksiko is a project of the young Serbian entrepreneur Mladjan Antic: the winner of this 2011's edition!
This innovative service aims to change the way you can call a taxi. A geolocation system and a simple interface allows you to call a taxi at the touch of a button and in a few seconds, the user receives a message with the collection point and time. The application can also indicate special needs, as a generously sized vehicle with particular equipment and so on…
Want to know him? We interviewed him before receiving the honourable "Txapela" of the Champion 😉
Want to give the app a try?
Meet Taksiko from Godzilion on Vimeo.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
If you have purchased eBooks from us you will be emailed a receipt with a link to your ebooks. If you have lost your download links, please click here to visit the "get downloads" page. Fill in the appropriate information and you will be brought to your personal eBook page that lists your download links. If you have difficulties, please contact us.
Note: Secured eBooks are not presently compatible with Windows Surface RT type operating systems.
Why eBooks? eBooks are full color, page-by-page reproductions of your book in Adobe format which you can view on your desktop, laptop, iPad, Kindle Fire, or most Android type mobile readers. All eBooks from Aircraft Technical Book Company are fully searchable and extensively bookmarked. The content of an eBook is identical to that of a printed book, PLUS:
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Try it for yourself - Free!If you would like to try it first, to be sure that eBooks work for you, click either of the Free eBook titles on the right. Select the add-to-cart and order in the normal way. Your download directions will be sent immediately the email address you provide on checkout. You can open your pdf file on any device that supports pdf files, including Adobe Reader and Adobe Digital Editions.
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Our current eBook Library
Click here to view our eBook titles in list format.
eBook Instructions
How do I find my eBook?
How do I download my eBook to my PC or Mac?
Although unsecure eBooks will open on most pdf programs, we recommend Adobe Digital Editions for all your eBooks so they can be accessed in one location, in one program.
1. If you do not already have Adobe Digital Editions installed and authorized on your computer, click here to install and activate the software on your PC or MAC.
Make sure you create an Adobe ID when prompted during the installation process. Not creating an Adobe ID will result in your eBook not working properly.
eBook Vendor: should be Adobe ID
Adobe ID: Your email address
Password: One you will remember
If you are not prompted to create an Adobe ID to authorize your Adobe Digital Editions during the installation process you will need to:
2. Go to your downloads page. Click on the link provided on the thank you screen or in your email receipt after placing your order to view your eBook download page. If you have lost your email receipt, you can always click here and fill in the appropriate information to be brought to your downloads page.
3. Download your eBook. Click on the "download" button to download your eBook. If prompted to open or save your eBook, click on open with Adobe Digital Editions.
If Adobe Digital Editions is not on your drop down menu, click open with Other and check do this automatically for files like this from now on.
Click Browse and navigate to the Adobe File.
Navigate to the Adobe file.
Click on Adobe Digital Editions 3.0.
Click on Adobe Digital Editions.
How do I open my eBook on my iPad, iPhone or iPod Touch?
We have adopted the use of BlueFire Reader to view our secure Adobe PDF eBooks on iDevices.
1. Install the BlueFire Reader Application. Click here to download Bluefire Reader or search for "bluefire" in the App Store.
2. Click Create a free Adobe ID, if this is the first time you are using Bluefire Reader or Adobe Digital Editions on any of your computers or devices.
3. Fill out form to Create Adobe ID.
4. Authorize Bluefire Reader. Fill in the Adobe ID (email) and the password and authorize Bluefire Reader.
5. Download the eBook to your device. From your device, navigate to your email to access your order confirmation and download your eBook. Note: it may take a few minutes to download completely. It is important your device does not go to sleep during this time. Keep tapping the screen with your finger to keep it awake.
The eBook should open automatically in Bluefire Reader. If it does not give you the option to open then you will need to tap the top of the screen (see diagram below).
Tap open in and choose Bluefire Reader.
How do I open my eBook on my desktop computer or laptop with Windows 7SP1, 8 or 8.1?
We have adopted the use of BlueFire Reader to view our secure Adobe PDF eBooks on desktops and laptops that have Windows 7SP1, 8 or 8.1.
1. Install the BlueFire Reader Application. Click here to download Bluefire Reader.
2. Click Create a free Adobe ID, if this is the first time you are using Bluefire Reader or Adobe Digital Editions on any of your computers or devices.
3. Fill out form to Create Adobe ID.
4. Authorize Bluefire Reader. Fill in the Adobe ID (email) and the password and authorize Bluefire Reader.
5. Download the eBook to your desktop computer or laptop. From your desktop computer or laptop, navigate to your email to access your order confirmation and download your eBook. Note: it may take a few minutes to download completely. It is important your desktop computer or laptop does not go to sleep during this time.
The eBook should open automatically in Bluefire Reader. If it does not give you the option to open then you will need to click the top of the screen in Bluefire Reader and locate where the ebook downloaded to (see diagram below).
How do I open my eBook on my Android device?
We have adopted the use of Bluefire Reader to view our secure Adobe PDF eBooks on iDevices.
1. Install the BlueFire Reader Application. Click here to download Bluefire Reader or search for "bluefire" in the App Store.
2. Click Create a free Adobe ID, if this is the first time you are using Bluefire Reader or Adobe Digital Editions on any of your computers or devices.
3. Fill out form to Create Adobe ID.
4. Authorize Bluefire Reader. Fill in the Adobe ID (email) and the password and authorize Bluefire Reader.
5. Download the eBook to your device. From your device, navigate to your email to access your order confirmation and download your eBook. Note: it may take a few minutes to download completely. It is important your device does not go to sleep during this time. Keep tapping the screen with your finger to keep it awake.
The eBook should open automatically in Bluefire Reader. If not, you choose open in and choose Bluefire Reader.
How do I open my eBook on my Kindle Fire?
Amazon makes it difficult to install 3rd party readers as they only promote the Kindle. However, it is possible to install Bluefire Reader; just follow the instructions below to guide you through the steps for installing Bluefire Reader for Android on your Kindle Fire. Note: you should open this page in the browser on your Kindle Fire before you begin.
- 1. Tap Settings on your Kindle Fire (its the icon that looks like a gear)
- 2. Tap More
- 3. Scroll down until you see Device
- 4. In the Device tab, set Allow installation of Applications to ON, and tap OK when you see the Warning prompt
- 5. Tap here to download the Bluefire Reader APK (the Android app)
- 6. Once the app has finished downloading, tap the Menu icon at the bottom of the screen and tap Downloads
- 7. Tap on the file named BluefireReader.apk
- 8. The Fire will ask if you are sure you want to install the app
- 9. Tap Yes
- 10. The installation process will start
- 11. After the installation is complete, look for Bluefire Reader in your Apps collection
The latest version of Bluefire Reader will be installed on your Kindle Fire. However, the app is not automatically updated. You will need to check the Blue Fire website from time to time to see if theres an updated version of Bluefire Reader for Android available. Please note that only the Kindle Fire is compatible.
How do I open my eBook on my Blackberry?
- 1. Install blackberry application. To read secure eBooks on a BlackBerry, you will need to first download and install a third-party application, such as Overdrive Media Console.
- 2. Make sure that you have an Adobe ID. Make sure that your BlackBerry is activated with your Adobe ID. To do this, open OverDrive Media Console on your BlackBerry.
- Select Menu > Options.
- Under eBook Options, enter your Adobe ID and password.
- Click Authorize.
- 3. Download and open your eBook in Overdrive Media Console. Open an internet browser on your Blackberry device and visit your Digital Downloads page (link provided in your eBook order receipt). Click on the download button for the eBook you would like to open. When prompted, select Overdrive Media Console as the reader you would like to open the eBook in. Some eBooks may take a few minutes to download fully and you will see a "processing..." message while it loads.
Learn about eBooks
What are Standard Adobe eBooks?
Standard Adobe eBooks are Adobe .pdf or .epub files and can be supported on many different platforms. Most handheld devices (Kindle, iPad, Nook, etc.) have an eBook reader installed that supports .pdf and ePub files. We recommend Adobe Digital Editions or Bluefire Reader. Follow the directions for downloading Adobe Digital Editions and/or Bluefire Reader for an Android/I Pad, Pod, Phone, or Kindle Fire.
Standard Adobe eBooks are still copyrighted. Each eBook purchased is licensed for one customer at a time and may not legally be shared with other users.
What are Secure Adobe eBooks?
Secure Adobe eBooks are pdf or ePub files protected with Adobe eBook Digital Rights Managment (DRM), which is the industry standard eBook security platform used across a wide variety of booksellers and public libraries. Secure eBooks are restricted for use on up to 6 computers/devices, including Windows PCs, Macs, i Devices (iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch), Kindle Fire, and Android readers. Some secure eBooks (depending on the publishers requirements) are further restricted to not allow printing or the use of copy/paste functions. These restrictions, if they exist, will be noted on the description page of each eBook.
Before downloading a secure eBook, you must install and authorize the free Adobe Digital Editions on your PC or Macintosh. Your eBook will then open on your device that your personalized copy of Digital Editions exists. For clear instructions, please see your individual device listed above.
Why are some eBooks secure?
In order to prevent file sharing and unauthorized usage, some publishers require their eBooks to be protected with a Digital rights Management system (DRM). For those books which are secured, consider it a condition of sale from the publisher. The book would not be available in digital format if it were not for this system.
How do I know if my eBook is Secure?
The product description of each eBook in our catalog states whether that book is secured and which publisher restrictions apply. You can also check your email receipt to see if your eBook is secure. If the title of the eBook you purchased includes the words SECURE EBOOK, it is secured.
What is the difference between ePub and PDF eBooks?
ePub is an ideal format for handheld devices because of its reflowable nature, which means that when you increase or decrease the text size, the text will arrange itself to fit your screen. It works well on PCs and Macs and will require you to open the file in the free Adobe Digital Editions software.
PDF is a standard format for reading eBooks and retains the original design of each page, so you see on your screen exactly what the book designer intended. While a nice feature for technical eBooks with embedded tables and figures, it can be difficult to read on handheld devices with small screens because the text size can not be modified without zooming in/out on each page.
A summary: Heres a table that summarizes the differences between PDFs and EPUBs (as of 9/6/2011):
|PDF (viewed with a PDF Reader)
|Reflowable text
|EPUBs automatically reflow (and hyphenate) and are well suited for mobile devices.
|PDFs are written in concrete remember, theyre based on printed pages, typically 8½ by 11, and (with many PDF readers) they do not reflow when enlarged. This can make PDFs difficult to read on smaller mobile devices. Note: Adobe Reader X and a few other readers give users the ability to reflow text; however, this feature is typically not automatic.
|Change the font and specify a particular font size
|EPUBs can do this.
|PDFs cannot do this on many PDF readers.
|Page turning
|To turn the pages of an EPUB, users swipe horizontally.
|To turn the pages of a PDF, users scroll vertically, and because of bottom page margins, there are typically larger gaps between pages.
|Complex tables
|With EPUBs, complex tables can be problematic, and content or coding often needs to be tweaked to make these types of tables work.
|With PDF, although complex tables may not require tweaking, they are often difficult to read on smaller devices and pose problems (horizontal scrolling) when enlarged.
|On small mobile devices, graphics can be difficult to read in EPUBs.
|On small mobile devices, graphics can be difficult to read in PDFs.
|Available with EPUBs.
|Available with PDFs.
|Available with EPUBs.
|Available with PDFs.
|Copy text
|Available with EPUBs.
|Available with PDFs.
Can I return my eBook if I am unhappy with the product?
eProducts are satisfaction guaranteed. If you do not like it, or it is not what you are looking for, it may be returned for a refund within 30 days of purchase. If your dislike of the eProduct is due to technical issues, we do ask that you allow us to help you troubleshoot to solve the issue before we process the return. Also note that with secure eBooks, a 7% license fee from Adobe Systems is included in it the purchase price. Because that license is not cancelable, your total refund will be 93% of the eBooks price.
Can I read my eBook when not connected to the internet?
Yes. Both standard Adobe eBooks and secure eBooks can be read offline as soon as you download the programs and files.
Can I change my allowed computers?
Unfortunately, no. There is NO WAY to issue additional downloads, so please make sure you follow the above instructions before downloading your eBooks. You are allowed 6 computers/devices authorized to your personal Digital Editions. There is no way to add additional licenses, so please be careful when downloading your eBooks. Your devices will remember your previous location and any notes you might have written.
Can I purchase secured eBooks for others?
Yes, BUT remember that the first time the eBook is downloaded and authorized with an Adobe ID in Adobe Digital Editions, it belongs to that user. You can not switch users after the eBook has been opened the first time. Please make sure that before you click the eBook download link, Adobe Digital Editions is installed on that computer and authorized by the correct user. We can not reassign eBooks due to the nature of the software.
Can I network eBooks or put them in a shared system?
Unfortunately no, secure eBooks cannot be accessed via a network.
eBook Troubleshooting FAQs
I lost my receipt and cant find my eBooks?
Click here to visit our "get downloads" page. Fill in the appropriate information and you will be brought to your personal eBook page that lists your download links. If you have difficulties, please contact us.
I am having difficulties opening my eBook on my Apple device. Is there another process I can follow?
1. Download your eBook to Adobe Digital Editions on your computer. For detailed instructions on this step, click "How do I download my secure eBook" above.
2. Install iTunes. If iTunes is not already installed on your computer, click here to download Apple iTunes 10.0 (or higher) and iOS 3.2 (or higher)
3. Install the BlueFire Reader Application. Search for "bluefire" in the App Store on your iPad, iPhone or iPad Touch or in the iTunes store on your computer and download.
4. Make sure Adobe Digital Editions and Bluefire Reader are authorized with the same Adobe ID. To see which email address your BlueFire app is authorized to, open the Bluefire app on your iDevice and click the info button on the bottom right of the screen. To check the authorization in Adobe Digital Editions, open Adobe Digital Editions and click Help and select "Authorization Information...".
5. Transfer your first eBook to Bluefire Reader. (Future eBooks can be ordered directly from your iPad!):
- a) Connect your iPad, iPhone or iPod touch installed with Bluefire Reader to the computer that has iTunes and Digital Editions on it. You should see the device (iPod, iPhone or iPad) appear under Devices on the left side of iTunes as the picture below indicates. Click on the device.
- b) With your device selected in the left panel, click on the Apps tab button at the top of the main iTunes window.
- c) Underneath the Synch Apps panel you should see the File Sharing panel. Checkmark the box next to Bluefire Reader.
- d) Click on Bluefire Reader under Apps in the File Sharing panel at the bottom left of the screen. You should then see the eBooks you have in Bluefire Reader appear in the Documents list to the right.
- e) At the bottom of the Documents list click the "Add..." button.
- f) Navigate to the directory where your new eBook is stored and open the file:
- On OSX: your-home-directory/Documents/Digital Editions
- On Windows: your-home-directory/Documents/My Digital Editions
- g) iTunes should then transfer the file to your device and Bluefire Reader will then automatically add this item to your Bluefire Reader Library. You can now open and enjoy your eBook(s) in Bluefire Reader on your iDevice!
I have opened my eBook, but can't find the bookmarks (Table of Contents)?
All eBooks are bookmarked so that you can navigate the eBook by chapter and/or subject. The bookmarks should automatically open, however, if they do not automatically appear on the sidebar of:
- Adobe Reader, go to View->Navigation Panels->Bookmarks
- Adobe Digital Editions, click the arrow next to Reading and click on show navigation pane.
I have downloaded a Secure eBook that doesnt open up in Adobe Digital Editions. How do I open it?
If you have received an .acsm file that doesnt open up automatically, it probably means that Adobe Digital Editions is not already installed on your system. In this case, save the file received and download Adobe Digital Editions. Once the download is complete, open the .acsm file. It should automatically get opened in Digital Editions.
- If the .acsm file still doesn't automatically open in Adobe Digital Editions, it could be an issue of associating the filetype .acsm with Adobe Digital Editions. This can happen if:
- 1) Book is downloaded first and then Adobe Digital Editions is installed.
- 2) ADE is not installed properly.
- 3) Sometimes firefox browser creates problems.
- This is how you can rectify it:
- 1. Once you have installed Adobe Digital Editions, right-click the urllink.acsm file.
- 2. Select 'Open With', and choose 'Adobe Digital Editions'.
- 3. Click 'OK'. Adobe Digital Editions opens and downloads the eBook.
- If you have already installed Adobe Digital Editions before downloading the ebook, then you may need to adjust your computer's file associations so that the Adobe software opens the ACSM file type.
- For Windows Vista
- 1. Go to Start > Control Panel > Default Programs > Associate a file type or protocol with a program. The 'Associate a file type or protocol with a program' dialog box is displayed.
- 2. Under the 'Extensions' heading, select '.acsm' and click the 'Change program...' button. The 'Open With' dialog box is displayed.
- 3. Click the 'Browse...' button. A second 'Open With' dialog box is displayed.
- 4. Browse to 'C:\Program Files\Adobe\Adobe Digital Editions and select 'digitaleditions.exe'
- 5. Click 'Open' to associate ACSM files with Adobe Digital Editions.
- 6. Double-click the 'urllink.acsm' file you downloaded. Adobe Digital Editions opens and downloads the eBook.
- For Windows 98SE, Windows 2000, Windows ME, or Windows XP
- 1. Open 'My Computer' and from the menu bar select Tools > Folder Options and click on the 'File Types' tab.
- 2. Select '.acsm' and click the 'Change' button.
- 3. In the list of programs displayed, click on 'Adobe Digital Editions', then click the 'OK' button.
- 4. Double-click the 'urllink.acsm' file you downloaded. Adobe Digital Editions opens and downloads the eBook.
- For Macintosh operating systems
- 1. 'Control-click' the 'urllink.acsm' file and select 'Get Info'. The 'urllink.acsm Info' window is displayed.
- 2. Expand the 'Open with:' section and click the 'Other...' drop-down.
- 3. In the list of programs displayed, select Adobe Digital Editions.
- 4. Check the 'Always Open With' checkbox to set the Adobe software to always open ACSM files.
- 5. Click the 'Add' button. The 'urllink.acsm Info' window is displayed.
- 6. Close the 'urllink.acsm Info' window.
Im not able to access my Secure eBook on Digital Editions installed on other machines. Why is that?
- * Make sure that Digital editions is properly authorized as mentioned above to the same Adobe ID and password. If you change the Adobe Digital ID, you will loose previously saved eBooks purchased with that ID.
- * Protected items that you download with Digital Editions can open on up to six computers and mobile devices provided they are properly authorized.
- * If you have already opened your protected book on 6 computers and mobile devices and you are trying to open it on a 7th device, you will not be able to do so. In this case, please open your eBook on the last 6 devices/computers.
Is Adobe Digital Editions authorized correctly?
It's important that Adobe Digital Editions is authorized to "you" before you download your secure eBook to it. Otherwise, your eBook may not be authorized to your account correctly and may not open. To check your authorization...open Adobe Digital Editions. Click Help and select "Authorization Information..." as the picture indicates below.
Make sure the email address listed here is the one you are expecting.
If you need to change your authorization to a different account on either your computer or handheld device (remember you will lose any eBooks saved to the old account when performing this action and we will not provide new links to previously purchased ebooks to the new account due to licensing restrictions), follow the instructions below:
- 1. Open Adobe Digital Editions.
- 2. Press <CTRL>+<SHIFT>+<D>
- 3. A window will appear asking if you want to deauthorize your computer. Confirm that you want to deauthorize your device by clicking on Erase Authorization.
- 4. Close Adobe Digital Editions.
- 1. Open Adobe Digital Editions.
- 2. Click on Help, then on Authorize Computer.
- 3. Enter the email address you used to create an Adobe ID and your password, then click on Authorize.
- Deauthorize your handheld device
- 1. Open Bluefire Reader on your handheld device.
- 2. Click on the info icon in the bottom left corner, then Deauthorize.
- 3. Confirm that you want to deauthorize your device by clicking on Okay.
- Reauthorize your handheld device
- 1. Open Bluefire Reader on your handheld device.
- 2. Click on the info icon in the bottom left corner, then Authorize.
- 3. Follow the instructions as indicated on your device.
Adobe Digital Editions Error: E_IO_TEMP_FILE_WRITE
Users will see this error if their device goes to sleep while in the process of downloading their materials. To fix, you can either 1) change the auto-lock timing to never go to sleep and then change back after eBook successfully downloads OR 2) Continuously tap the screen to prevent device from sleeping.
Adobe Digital Editions Error: Code #2083. License Error (Server Communication problem: E_ADEPT_IO)
This is a generic error caused by your firewall blocking the port and not allowing Adobe Digital Editions to download. If you receive this error message while trying open an e-book with Adobe Digital Editions, check your firewall settings to make sure the standard port 80 is open.
Adobe Digital Editions Error: Server Timeout or Download Reset
This is most often caused by the problem with your Internet connection or browser. Please contact your Internet Service Provider (ISP) or check your browser to make sure it is working properly.
Need further technical support?
Adobe Digital Editions offers support:
Bluefire Reader also offers support:
If you are still having problems that you could not resolve from the above directions, please contact technical support by email or calling us at 970-726-5111. All technical support questions are personally handled by a well trained technician and email support is often handled outside of business hours. Initially, we will try to correct the issue. However if the issue can not be quickly resolved we will offer you a full refund.
We guarantee that you will be completely satisfied with every purchase made from us. If within 30 days, you are unhappy with your eBook for any reason, we will immediately refund your money less the 7% Adobe Digital Fee for secure ebooks.
- Pilot Ratings
- sport
- private
- instrument
- commercial
- flight instructor
- multi-engine
- helicopter
- unmanned systems
- Flying Skills
- basics
- VFR skills
- IFR & navigation
- professional skills
- communication / English
- sport flying
- aircraft systems and types
- operating handbooks
- avionics training
- flight safety
- A&P Training
- A&P text books
- A&P test aides
- A&P training kits
- training resources
- EASA Part 66 B1/B2
- EASA Part 66 CAT-A
- General
- regulatory - A&Ps
- basic knowledge
- aircraft types and systems
- tools & hardware
- human factors - AMT


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Hey loves Happy Saturday!! Today's post will be on the long awaiting maxi skirt i wore on my birthday last year that a lot of people were asking me to do a fashion post on, that's what inspired me to start doing fashion posts, so on to the post, I hope you enjoy and have an amazing weekend.
My oufit is just a casual simple look with a coral crop top with a pleated maxi skirt paired with a brown cross body bag and gold scandals
I leave this thought with you, sometimes in life when you feel like all has failed, look to God because he is the finisher and author of our faith!!


text: ACIST Skillnet Over the past years Skills ACIST Ltd, which is based in Ennistymon, Co Clare, has trained people in all sectors and currently facilitates training for over 80 companies in the Midwest Region providing training for all levels of employees. We provide off the shelf courses to companies and also develop training specifically designed for business needs. Read more about ACIST Skillnet


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Our industry chemist has over 50 years' of experience designing cleaners that are safe and effective replacements for older hazardous cleaners.
Our safe biodegradable industrial cleaners are cost effective and work.
Refil Chemicals provides cleaning solutions that allow our distributors to select from a wide range of products. We offer 5 gallon pails, 30-55 gallon drums, 275 gallon totes or a full tanker with a fast turnaround time.
Refil Chemicals offers (free of charge) a consulting chemist to answer any questions you would have about
soils, surfaces, method of cleaning, or any question you may have.
We offer many specialty items not listed and can formulate new products to your need or in most cases can match your existing products at a more economical cost.
Refil Chemicals was founded in 1977 in Southeastern Pennsylvania. We offer over 35 years of experience in formulating, blending and manufacturing high quality cleaners.
Industrial Cleaning Products Manufacturer
Superior Quality Industrial Cleaners
Refil Chemicals Private Label Cleaners
Whether You Are Looking For A Complete Line Of Products Or You Just Need One, Refil Chemicals
206 Lincoln Avenue,
Hatboro Pa 19040
Phone: (215)-675-5883
Email: email@example.com
Refil Chemicals, helping distributors increase their revenue by adding quality cleaning products or creating brand name product lines of cleaning chemicals with minimal costs resulting in high returns.
Refil Chemicals is a manufacturer of industrial cleaners geared towards private label branding. Distributors are offered a list of many product solutions designed to protect delicate surfaces and clean the most stubborn soils..


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Many people will likely have first encountered the work of Canadian composer John Oswald through one of two things: either the wonderfully weird collection of 'Mystery Tapes' he began putting out in the early 1980s or, more likely, his 1989 album that gave the name to a new form of musical creation: Plunderphonic. Oswald's entire career has been dominated by this approach to composition, initially by plundering existing recordings that became the basis for intricate and deeply irreverent electronic collages – the most mind-boggling being his 19-minute Plexure from 1993 – and later by pilfering bits and bobs of material as the basis for mangled and reimagined instrumental works. Since 2004 these have formed part of a series given the, from a linguistic perspective, equally plunderphonic title 'Rascali Klepitoire', including I'd love to turn, which was composed in 2014.
Oswald has used three compositions from the 1960s as source material for the piece, all very different from each other: The Beatles' A Day in the Life, Ligeti's Atmosphères and Terry Riley's In C, which in the context of I'd love to turn are deconstructed and distilled so that their respective essences remain, providing rhythmic drive and harmonic clarity (Riley), nebulous transforming textures (Ligeti) and a simple gestural motif (Beatles). What Oswald makes from these essential elements has the heightened, off-kilter eccentricity of a hallucination or a state of delirium. Read more


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BACKGROUND IMAGE: iSTOCK/GETTY IMAGES
Enterprise market shapes AWS hybrid cloud strategy
From AWS to Microsoft, major cloud providers offer various ways to build a hybrid cloud. Which one is right for your enterprise?
As far as public cloud frontrunners go, it's often said that AWS is in the lead -- and then there's everyone else. But when it comes to the AWS hybrid cloud strategy, that may not be the case, especially when you look at what VMware, IBM and Azure offer.
Instead of making the argument that enterprises should re-architect their applications to suit the public cloud, as Amazon Web Services (AWS) has done in years past, the company now emphasizes such services as Direct Connect, which can integrate private data centers with public cloud resources. Officials at the AWS Summit in March also stated that the hybrid cloud is here to stay, and that the choice between private and public cloud doesn't have to be a case of black and white.
And the enterprise market, which AWS has increasingly targeted over time, demands such an approach, cloud consultants say.
"None of the work we do is Amazon-only or private-cloud-only," said David Linthicum, senior vice president at Boston-based Cloud Technology Partners, which consults with enterprise clients on their cloud plans. "Deployments are usually very complex and very heterogeneous."
AWS offers raw infrastructure services to provide the underlying "nuts and bolts" that can support applications running in a hybrid scenario. Extending a private network into the Amazon cloud, for instance, has become easier over the years, according to Kris Bliesner, CEO and co-founder of 2nd Watch, an AWS integration firm.
Shawn WioraCIO, Creative Solutions in Healthcare
Customers can use private IP subnetting, as well as the IP addresses they're using on the internal network side to set up a network within AWS. Amazon also has a managed Virtual Private Network service with its Virtual Private Cloud that can manage network failover between availability zones.
"It used to be that it required pretty specific hardware, stuff that supported a particular version of [Border Gateway Protocol] ... but now it's more open, you can do static routes and some other things," Bliesner said of Amazon's hybrid cloud network extension.
For enterprises looking to integrate on-premises data centers with the public cloud, AWS enables integration of on-premises, role-based access-control systems such as Active Directory with the AWS Identity and Access Management, or IAM, service.
Still, AWS reaches only so far into the private data center. Amazon allows partners such as Racemi and Rivermeadow to fill in gaps on the private cloud side with tools that include workload migration services, rather than expanding into those markets.
Other third parties, such as CloudScaling and Eucalyptus, provide on-premises cloud management that uses Amazon's application programming interfaces (APIs). Customers can also manage the hybrid cloud with traditional tool sets, such as Microsoft's System Center.
The other end of the hybrid cloud management spectrum
Amazon's approach to hybrid cloud differs from VMware's vCloud Hybrid Service (vCHS), which offers specialized software tools that make internal data centers and public cloud data centers look identical from an infrastructure standpoint. The tool can also automate migrations between private and public clouds.
VMware's vCHS can be accessed purely on demand from a Web interface, but its target audience is usually found among enterprises that already run VMware's vSphere server virtualization software and vCloud Suite in-house.
For current vCloud stack customers, VMware provides a migration tool called vCloud Connector, which can be used to move VMs between private and public clouds. The familiar vCenter management console can be used to manage VMs on each end of the wire; applications don't have to be retooled to take advantage of the underlying hybrid infrastructure on both ends of the wire.
This resonates with customers who don't want to pay for a high level of cloud computing and application programming expertise in-house.
"You have to look at the total ROI of what you're looking to deploy," said Shawn Wiora, CIO of Creative Solutions in Healthcare, which runs a network of nursing homes in Texas and has been using vCHS since 2013. "It's not just about the bill you get every month -- it's also the labor and payroll costs."
Approaches from VMware and AWS stem from the companies' typical buyers, analysts say.
"VMware's coming from the infrastructure decision maker up to cloud, whereas Amazon comes from the developer down," said Dave Bartoletti, analyst at Forrester Research. While Amazon's focus is on APIs, VMware offers graphical user interfaces more familiar to the traditional IT pro.
There's a place for both approaches, Bartoletti said.
"I think it depends on who owns the cloud budget in the enterprise -- if it's marketing and development teams that are aggressively building in the public cloud, then Amazon's approach is probably going to be more attractive to them initially," he said. "If it is an infrastructure and operations team that's looking for on-demand infrastructure … VMware's approach is going to be attractive, primarily because it means less change to the application they're running."
Azure gains an on-premises ally
Microsoft Azure has taken strides toward providing a well-thought-out hybrid suite, but analysts say it's really more about using client-based products than Azure's private cloud.
"Azure provides a good hybrid cloud," Cloud Technology Partners' Linthicum said. "With their products on local and remote clouds ... their vision is to provide core database, operating systems and development tools."
Windows Azure's primary goal is to allow for easy portability of both applications and data for users, whether in the cloud or on-premises.
Microsoft recently disclosed a partnership with platform as a service (PaaS) provider Apprenda Inc. that will allow customers a way to remain on-premises and in Azure's public cloud. Customers who license Apprenda will be able to access Azure's infrastructure at no additional cost, in addition to the on-premises support with Apprenda's PaaS offering.
The partnership seems logical for Microsoft, which gains an on-premises ally. Microsoft and Apprenda can design policies to manage a customer's workload, so an application won't risk disrupting corporate policy.
"A lot of these vendors are trying to figure out their DevOps story, how they are going to connect," said Lauren Nelson, analyst at Forrester Research. "PaaS is a big topic."
But how far does Microsoft have to go to provide the full toolset in a hybrid deployment? The partnership with Apprenda may be one way to do that internally.
IBM makes a developer play
IBM has not yet laid out a well-defined hybrid strategy, but the pieces have begun to fall into place slowly.
IBM recently debuted BlueMix, a PaaS that enables developers to create enterprise apps. Hosted on SoftLayer, BlueMix is based on Cloud Foundry and built on OpenStack. With BlueMix, currently in beta, developers also gain access to IBM's entire software portfolio.
"It's one of IBM's first plays where they're targeting the developer instead of traditional operations," Forrester's Nelson said. "They want to target this tech savvy developer that likes little tools they know."
IBM is prioritizing Cloud Foundry, so offering BlueMix on it is a natural fit, Nelson added.
SoftLayer now supports IBM's PureSystems and other bare-metal infrastructures after transitioning to OpenStack and kernel VMs.
At its IBM Pulse last month, the company insisted its SmartCloud Orchestrator, or SCO, will be the backbone of its open cloud strategy going forward.
Beth Pariseau is senior news writer for SearchAWS. Write to her at email@example.com or follow @PariseauTT on Twitter.
Adam Hughes is news editor for the Data Center & Virtualization group. Write to him at firstname.lastname@example.com or follow @AdamHughesTT on Twitter.


text: I've been playing the bass for a week now and I love it. I'm picking it up pretty fast because I've also played guitar for a few months. But I was just wondering if anyone had any suggestions for good jazz/funk basslines that I could try?I need some stuff to play when I get bored of scales for me, learning bass was always about funk and jazz Thanks a lot.


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The Cathedral of the Intercession of the Mother of Jesus on the Moat (Russian: Собор Покрова Пресвятой Богородицы на Рву?), Popularly known as St. Basil's Continue Reading
Category Moscow
The Red Square
Immense square of 52,000 m² banned the machines, the Red Square lies near the eastern wall of the Kremlin. The main square of Moscow was Continue Reading
The VDNKh
The All-Russia Exhibition Centre (Всероссийский выставочный центр) is a permanent exhibition in the north of Moscow. VDNKh is a corporation related to the state, abbreviated Continue Reading
Tsaritsyno Park
The park Tsaritsyno is a huge estate just outside Moscow that is in some ways like a real forest near the city. Abandoned for years Continue Reading
Arbat Street
The Arbat Street, also known as the only Arbat (Russian: Арбат), is a pedestrian street about a kilometer long in the center of Moscow. The Continue Reading
Department stores GUM
Department stores GUM is a masterpiece of the late nineteenth century. Famous in Soviet times to empty the shelves often, orders scorbutic, and the long, Continue Reading
The Kremlin
Citadel of the czars, the headquarters of the Soviet Union and now the residence of the Russian president, the Kremlin has always been the symbol Continue Reading
7 Sisters
Rise the "seven sisters" in all their majesty in Moscow. The original plan, conceived before the Second World War, involved the construction of eight buildings, Continue Reading
The Moscow Metro
It 'best to explore the underground stations over the weekend, when the mass of people that usually moves in this way does not affect the Continue Reading
Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
The Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (Russian: Храм Христа Спасителя) is the most important cathedral in Moscow, stands on the bank of the Moscow River, Continue Reading
Vorobyovy Gory
The Hill of sparrows (Russian: Воробьёвы горы?), Or Vorob'ёvy gory ', is one of the seven hills of Moscow. From 1924 to 1991 known as Continue Reading
The Novodevichy Convent
The Novodevichy Convent (Russian: Новодевичий монастырь, literally the Monastery of the New Maiden, is also known as Bogorodice-Smolensky Monastery (Russian: Богородице-Смоленский монастырь) is undoubtedly the Continue Reading


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text:
Tag Archives: outdoor furniture
Padded Tree Stump Stools
This post is 100% all my Dad's (can you tell where I got my craftiness from?!) He made these cushion topped stump stools as additional fire pit seating. I loved what he did and thought you would too so I'm … Continue reading
DIY Modular Patio Furniture (because buying furniture would be too easy)
It's been a while since I've done a project around the house because my grad classes are keeping me way too busy. I've been itching to do a new project so instead of easing back into our old norm we … Continue reading


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In the middle of it all
Saint Louis University paves the way for the city's ongoing renovation. SLU has invested more than $850 million in the campus over the past 25 years. SLU is centrally located in the heart of the city. You'll be just steps from the Grand Center arts district of St. Louis, which is home to theaters, museums, restaurants and more. Watch a touring Broadway musical, listen to the world-class St. Louis Symphony Orchestra or enjoy a contemporary art exhibit.
Learning support when you need it
At SLU, your education isn't limited to the classroom. As a first-year student, you can expect innovative programs to help your successful transition into the university. New students are grouped into Learning Communities, which provide creative academic support.
You will be encouraged to challenge your thinking and develop strong answers. As a major research institution, we are dedicated to teaching you how to think logically, argue pointedly and express yourself clearly. SLU is also one of only eight Catholic universities with a high or very-high research distinction. Throughout our university and surrounding communities, we have a shared value of supporting the common good. SLU created these values to encourage staff and students to adopt the highest standards of conduct for both personal and professional practice.
Get into SLU
Beracha hall is the gateway to SLU's campus activities. The INTO Saint Louis University Center is conveniently located right in the middle of campus. Everything you'll need to succeed is right here. Wi-Fi is provided throughout and there are multi-purpose lounge areas for student-teacher meetings. Small class sizes ensure plenty of individualized learning time. You'll also receive personalized support services and emergency assistance 24 hours a day.
Join our international community
At INTO Saint Louis University, you'll join a supportive international community committed to helping you segue into American university life while preparing for your degree studies. At SLU, you'll earn a degree from a top 100 university, joining students from all 50 states and 75 countries. You'll enjoy full access to all university resources and learn in small classes taught by university instructors. The best part of the Pathway Program: you'll earn academic credits towards your SLU degree.
Historic campus, new technologies
SLU strives to maintain the historic nature of the University while embracing new technologies and environmentally friendly practices. Classrooms are equipped with fully integrated digital presentation systems including high-definition projection, LCD displays, and video walls.
St. Louis
INTO Saint Louis University
MO 63103 St. Louis, Missouri, USA


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Orrin Henry Snow, son of William and Ann Rogers Snow, was born in Pine Valley, Utah 17 April 1869. His father died when Orrin was 10 years old, leaving his wife with 8 children to support.
Orrin Snow wrote in his life story, "When I was 10, the harvest that fall was 28 bushels of smutty wheat to last us for one year." His older brothers got jobs to help out and Orrin helped around the home. His mother sewed to help earn a little to help support the family.
Orrin had very little formal education, about 4 months out of the year. His first school he writes about was a little one room school with no desks. They sat on benches, and their only textbook was the Webster Blue Book Speller. Each child would take their turn going up to the teacher and she would show them how to read. The child would face the teacher and the teacher held the book facing her. Thus each child learned to read upside down. Orrin said throughout his life he could read upside down as well as right side up.
Orrin did go to the Brigham Young University in 1890 and after completing a term there was called on a mission to the Southern States where he served until the fall of 1893. One of his companions while on his mission was George Albert Smith who later became President of the Church. His Mission President was J. Golden Kimball. Later he named his son, Golden, for this man.
After his mission, Orrin returned to Pine Valley where he freighted and did other odd jobs to help support his mother and family. One of these jobs was a contract to haul wood. The first Sunday morning on this job he tended his horses then turned them out to graze. The other men said, "What are you doing?" He replied, "I'm taking the day off, it's Sunday." The following day he hired some wood choppers to help. When the contract was finished he had averaged 12 loads of wood in 6 days while the other men averaged 10½ loads in 7 days.
On the 23 of September, 1895 he married Ella May Burgess, daughter of George M. and Rhoda Ann Dykes Burgess. Ella was adept at riding horses and also a musician.
Anne Snow Turner, seventh child of Orrin and Ella Snow wrote this, "When my parents moved from Pine Valley to Lund, Nevada in about 1901 they had 3 children. Their first home in Lund was a tent. They later purchased, what my father termed, a wooden shack. His first working position was teaching school. He also purchased some ranch land to graze his live stock on.
"During that first year in Lund he made a wagon trip back to Pine Valley to get a load of lumber to build a store. J.J. Gubler, Frank Bryner, George M. Burgess and Father were to be part owners of the Lund Mercantile Store. However, two dropped out, so my father and George M. Burgess took over the store. He built the home where Carl and Janice Willfong live, where his family lived for 3 years.
"In 1902 he was made Bishop of the Lund Ward. While he was Bishop an addition was made to the church, then the other part was stuccoed, making a fairly nice building. My mother played the organ for nearly all of the church meetings and choir practice was held in their home.
"Four children were born to my parents while they lived in Lund. After the 7th child (myself,Anne) was born, my mother had a serious illness and died in May of 1908. In 1909 my father married Vilo Redd. She encouraged him to move to Alberta, Canada, where she had a number of relatives. He sold his holdings in Lund and In June, 1910 moved to Canada."
He took his family to Canada first then returned to Lund to get his livestock and farming equipment. He told how he had shipped 52 head of fine work horses, but they were quarantined at the border for over a week with practically nothing to eat. By the time he got them up to Raymond, Alberta, Canada, they looked like they had just survived a hard winter.
As a leader and colonizer, Orrin Snow left his imprint wherever he went. One year after he arrived in Canada, he was chosen counselor to H.S. Allen in the Taylor Stake Presidency, that position he held for 25 years.
He was the mayor of Raymond for many years, and during his term of office he had the boardside walks replaced with cement. He was responsible for a sugar factory being built in Raymond, a hotel, restaurants, a fire department and a town hall. These were just a few of his many accomplishments.
In 1916, a baby, Alice, was adopted into their family after the child's mother died at childbirth.
The children of Orrin and Ella B. Snow are as follows:
Afton was born 13 Aug. 1896 in Pine Valley. Lived there and in Lund, Nevada until age 15, then migrated to Raymond, Alberta, Canada. She was very musical and at age 16 she played in a local theater for silent movies. She was a home economics high school teacher. She married James Orrin Turner Sep. 15, 1922. She bore 3 children: Keith, Barbara, Katherine. Afton died 27 Sep. 1931.
May was born 25 April 1898 in Pine Valley. She lived in Pine Valley; Lund, Nevada and Raymond, Alberta. She was educated to be a kindergarten teacher, also filled a mission to California. Died 13 March 1935, unmarried.
J. Golden was born 21 Jan. 1900 in Pine Valley. He lived in Pine Valley, Raymond, Alberta. Filled a mission to the Eastern States. Married Verda Eunice Lybbert 4 March 1924. Was President of the South African Mission for 3 years, coming home in 1967. In the fall of 1967 made a councilor in the Alberta Temple Presidency. He held this position for 9 years and in 1978 was ordained a Patriarch in the Raymond, Alberta Stake. (Before going to Africa he had been Bishop and Stake President.) He is the father of 5 children: Donna, Durene, Margaret,Gordon and Mary.
Norma was born 4 Feb. 1902 in Lund, Nevada. Had her schooling in Raymond, Alberta and in Salt Lake City, Utah where she trained as a nurse in the L.D.S. Hospital. She married William Parley Meldrum 26 Nov. 1942. One child born to them, Rulon Snow Meldrum. Norma died in July 1962.
Howard Reuben was born in Lund, Nevada 8 Sep. 1903. After his schooling in Raymond he went into the ranching business. He served for many years as councilor in the Warner County. He married Marion Ethel Court Bascom. No children.
Orrin Porter was born in Lund, 1 Oct. 1905. Had a few years schooling in Raymond, Alberta. Died young, 13 Feb. 1919.
Anne was born in Lund, Nevada 10 April 1908. Migrated to Canada with family in June of 1910. Education mainly in Raymond, Alberta. One year at B.Y.U. in Provo, Utah and to Calgary Business College. Occupation: stenographer and bookkeeper. Filled a mission in Texas. Married Afton's husband, Orrin Turner. They reared Orrin's and Afton's 3 children.
Alice Cox Snow (daughter of William S. and Sophia Maudsley). Her parents died and she was reared in the home of Orrin Snow. Schooling in Raymond and Salt Lake Business College. Filled a mission to Texas. Married 25 Sep. 1940 to Glenn Huber Jensen. Raised 4 children: Sharon, Rex, Beth and David. They now live in Logandale, Nevada.
Compiled and submitted by: Anne Snow Turner


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Insights to Reach Decision Makers in Professional Services
Download our free tipsheet to learn how to effectively engage senior stakeholders in the professional services industry.
August 23, 2016
Know thyself, know your enemies… but how well do you know your customers? Researching your prospects and personalizing your approach is a key tenet of social selling—and for good reason. With cold calling dead and gone, you've got to understand your target before you can reach out with something that resonates and spurs a response.
While you should always try to learn about an individual decision maker's needs, goals, and interests, sometimes you might feel like you're missing the forest for the trees. This can be especially true when you need to reach decision makers in the professional services industry.
To get a big picture perspective on professional services prospects, it's helpful to take a step back and see them as a whole. Whether you're targeted consultants, insurance brokers, or real estate agents, you need to gather intelligence before you can build lasting relationships.
That's why we've created our latest free tipsheet: Decision Maker Insights for Professional Services. In it, you'll find valuable facts, stats, and strategies to help you reach your prospective stakeholders and engage them effectively.
Download Decision Maker Insights for Professional Services to learn about:
· Tips and tactics to engage senior executives
· Trending topics in the professional services industry
· Stats on stakeholder seniority, company size, and demand
· Suggestions to reach out with these decisions makers
Equip yourself with actionable info and get a new perspective on the prospects you need to engage. Download the free tipsheet today.


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Haywood Pathways Center Shelter
Haywood Pathways Center provides overnight and/or short term shelter for adults who are in crises or chronically homeless in Haywood County. We are open year round and accept men and women over the age of 18. The shelter does not accept anyone under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol. We are unable to accommodate anyone who is determined to be a danger to self or others, but will assist in finding an appropriate facility and transportation.
Haywood Pathways Center has the capacity to provide shelter for 30 men and 30 women. Guests have access to hot meals, showers, hygiene items, clothing and laundry facilities. All guests participate in center activities – devotion, prayer, bible study, and chore teams for dorms, kitchen, dining room, laundry, and grounds maintenance. Dorms are closed from 8:30 AM- 4:00PM each weekday.
Cold Grace Program — During the winter months, Haywood Pathways Center implements the Cold Grace Program for temperatures below 32 degrees Fahrenheit. Any man or woman, without safe shelter for the night, who is alcohol and drug-free, will be accepted and permitted to stay, and/or return, for an unlimited number of nights until the weather has improved and safety can be assured.


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Dear Mark,
Your recent article about AFLW in the Herald Sun was particularly offensive to me.
I'm a 34-year-old man. I was raised almost exclusively by women. I'd like to think I've always treated the women in my life with the respect and equality they deserve. But it wasn't until mid-2016 when I started to date a wonderful, intelligent and voraciously feminist woman that I realised how unbelievably blind I had been to the fact that, as James Brown once put it, it's a man's world.
Inherent misogyny has always and still does permeate our society.
I initially reacted poorly when challenged with this notion. I argued that it couldn't be so because I'd never experienced any of this so-called favour even though I'm a white male.
That position was stunningly naive and I thank my girlfriend for showing me that in a gentle and respectful manner – a luxury that hasn't been afforded many women throughout the years of human history.
I only came to read your article about the 2019 AFLW season today. Suffice to say I was disappointed. So many of the hallmarks of the male domination of society are present, starting with an opening sentence demanding that you not be called a misogynist for claiming that women are less worthy than men.
You're clearly personally threatened by women's AFL, because to my mind you don't start a narrative about it like that for any other reason.
Then you say that the AFLW is only "only average. Played in slow motion on full-sized grounds with 16 players a side". That you have completely and utterly missed the point of this competition could not have been demonstrated any better than with those words.
Mark, you've made the same mistake that every man makes when assuming the female version of whatever they're doing is less worthy – you're comparing it with the men's game. The tagline for the AFLW before it started was, "See what we create", not, "See how much like the men we can be".
You point out that it's played on full-sized grounds like there's some half-sized alternative available.
Then you credit the AFL for the fact that 500,000 females are now playing footy nationwide. Sorry, Mark, but that's got nothing to do with the AFL. All that credit goes to the players – those women who've busted their guts for breadcrumbs for decades to see a competition like this even be possible.
I don't have any kids, but one day I might, and I well might have a daughter. Many of my already friends do. So I'm sorry, but you don't get to trample on their dreams because the 'product isn't attractive enough'.
From day dot the AFLW has done something the AFL has failed miserably to do for many years: it's kept the fans at its core, the women and girls who've been inspired by seeing someone of their own gender play professional Aussie Rules football.
Just the other day my girlfriend recounted to me a conversation she'd had with workmates about how amazing it is, thanks to the AFLW, to be able to cheer on professional players that she could see herself being. And I tried to make it about me by making some intelligent comment about how it was great to see that as a man too. She rightly shut me down there, reminding me that no matter what I say, I can't understand what it's like to be a woman seeing professional athletes of my own gender play the game for the first time.
The point is, Mark, that this is the reason 500,000 women now play AFL; it isn't some clever scheme by the administrators of the men's league.
The sooner we start seeing the AFLW for what it is – something wholly unique and distinct from the men's game – the better.
You see, Mark, it's not about you it's not about me and it's certainly not about dollars. It's about women.
Your points regarding the validity of the competition based on its commercial value are logical enough, but they're still wrong. Sometimes things need to happen just because it's right and fair for them to. This is one of those scenarios.
Right now it shouldn't matter what the commercial value of the AFLW is. The players should be paid better and the AFL should be pursuing expansion, not retraction. If the men's league had been around for only three years, I dare say the standard wouldn't be anything like what those women provide for us now.
With no alternative women have enjoyed men's footy for decades. Likewise men can enjoy women's footy, just as I do. I cheer Erin Phillips, Chelsea Randall and Ebony Marinoff with the same fervour as I do Taylor Walker, Eddie Betts and Rory Sloane. But it will never mean to me what it does to the women who've finally been given what they've deserved all along: footy made by and played by women.
That's why the AFL is obliged to grow and support the AFLW – because it should never have been this one-sided.
[latest_videos_strip category="afl" name="AFL"]
An anecdote to finish. I've attended every Adelaide AFLW home match with my girlfriend and various members of my family. Earlier this year, after a stirring win at Norwood Oval, Crows superstar Jenna McCormick ran the boundary signing autographs, and my brother-in-law, another of our friends and myself stood at the fence hoping to get Jenna's signature.
Despite there being copious numbers of young girls vying for her time and a club official telling her it was time to leave the field, Jenna still stopped and signed our guernseys.
That is why people go to watch AFLW – because, despite the unfairness of gender bias in footy, the women who created AFLW haven't carried it into their league. It's a league made by women and played by women, but it's for everyone. Just like AFL always should have been.
To propose a shorter season undermines all of the hard work those women have put it to get the AFLW to where it is. It's insulting and it shows that the AFL is out of touch with its fans.
The AFLW, its fans and its players all know why this league is happening. The AFL and people such as yourselves clearly don't – which is fine, but it's better that you don't pontificate about something you clearly don't understand at all.


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A couple of months ago when I started to think about your birthday party, I knew exactly what you would want it to be. You have been obsessed with yo gabba gabba since the first time you watched it, so it was no question at all what your party theme would be. And when you walked in and saw all your favorite characters plus a big bounce house, you squealed with excitement and it made my heart so happy. You had so much fun. I don't think you stopped smiling the whole party. It was a great day!
Getting some love from KK!
My sweet 2 year old!
You loved your yo gabba gabba table!
Gabba cake!
You were dancing and showing your excitement!
That face :)
Family photo!
Time to bounce!!
You loved it!
And you loved the slide!!
Party set up!
You were so happy when Reece got there!
You are so loved by your family! And we were so happy Uncle Tommy, Aunt Amanda, Kiya, and Hunter were able to come!
You kept running up and shouting all the character's names!
Sliding with Eli!
Mommy and daddy have some pretty great friends too! They all came to celebrate your big day!
Time to sing Happy Birthday!
Blowing out your candles!
Cake time!
You had blue icing from head to toe! LOL!
Time to open presents!
Loving your new gabba books!
You got some many great gifts! You are one loved little boy!
Getting hugs from Poppa!
You had such a fun day! You can tell by your eyes you were wore out but you were not gonna let go of your balloons!
Happy 2nd birthday Parker William! We love you!


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5 Summer Cocktail Recipes from Hawksworth in Vancouver, BC
Get the Recipes
Vancouverites held our breaths as the historic Rosewood Hotel Georgia (which first opened in 1927) was unveiled in 2011 after four years of reconstruction. Food lovers' eyes fell on chef and owner, David Hawksworth as he stepped up to the biggest challenge in his career. Brad Stanton also knew a substantial task laid ahead of him when Hawksworth brought him on as the bar manager. A year later and with numerous awards under their belts, it's safe to say that their dream is coming true. The cool and polished bar is now a hot spot for travelers and local folks to congregate. The beverage program draws cocktail lovers from around the city.
Coinciding with Vancouver's obsession with seasonality, Stanton restyles the bar menu every few months. He incorporates fresh juices, housemade infusions, and bitters, even going so far as to bring in herbs from his own backyard.
The current summer menu includes several pre-Prohibition staples along with icy and juicy sippers. He combines sunny fruits like blueberry and tangelo with earthy and floral elements such as lavender and matcha. He offers 'zero proof' cocktails for those who don't drink spirits; feel free to add your own booze if you're looking for something stronger.
If you're planning a patio party, these recipes will serve you well. Check out 5 of the most refreshing drinks from Hawksworth in the slideshow above.
Hawksworth Restaurant
801 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, BC (map) 604-673-7000; hawksworthrestaurant.com
Get the Recipes
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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Auto Insurance Claims Handling
We are proud to extend our auto repair services throughout insurance networks.
Our on-site mobile repair services offer time saving repair solutions to bumper scrapes, paint scratches, door dings, dents, chipped paint, and interior dash board and door panel damage.
We offer quality repair options for the following types of insurance claims:
– Minor Collisions
– Hail Damage
– Vandalism
– Overspray
– Parking Lot Damage
Sameday is the preferred auto repair option for many of the Northwest's premium insurers. We deliver convenience, courtesy, and professionalism to the customers we serve. Our services come with a lifetime warranty guaranteeing the quality of our work, and all of our employees, including support staff, undergo continual, always advancing training. All our repair locations throughout the Northwest are I-CAR Gold Class Certified.
Our paintless dent repair system is the best in the industry. We are equipped with special tools that enable us to repair most dents without damaging the corrosion protection, often repairing the dent from the outside. Each of our crew leaders are certified paint refinishers and carry an entire high-end European (Spies Hecker) factory authorized paint mixing system in their vehicles. Using only superior repair products, we guarantee that your vehicle keeps its utmost value.
We also provide exceptional quality refinish work on bumper scuffs, paint scratches, and other small claims. As needed, our office has the capability to locate OEM parts throughout the Northwest and can usually acquire parts overnight if not the same day.
The Sameday team is dedicated to assisting their clients, providing them with onsite auto repair service, perfect repairs, and outstanding customer service. Call for a free quote today or visit one of our insurance approved auto repair shops!
Thanks for the tip about Same Day. They were great. They went to the claimant's office in Lincoln Towers the day after she called them… She gave the OK to repair and paint the 2004 Acura bumper. They did all the work in the parking lot that same day (thus the name). The claimant was extremely happy and they saved us a lot of money over taking it to a body shop (we paid it out of pocket). I don't think your adjusters could go wrong by giving out their name to anybody in need of minor repairs. Thanks again."
Matt Overholt, Farmers Insurance Special Claims Representative, Portland, OR


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"Carnegie Superintendent Randy Caldera presented the latest developments at the park to a group of riders and representatives of AMA, CA 4WD, and Carnegie Forever Directors. The information included the status of the new master plan for the park, timetable for the plan's introduction to the CA OHV Commission and the latest park land management projects."
"A major future project might be moving the ATV Track to an area above the maintenance yard."
"Randy and his staff stayed on the scene at MotoMart after a slide presentation to answer questions. Randy, Jeremy and Dale have developed the trust and cooperation of Carnegie riders. They also provide the professional help needed to see the additional 4000 acres – The Alameda-Tesla Expansion – get closer to opening."
"AMA District 36, MotoMart and Carnegie Forever are in the process of collecting thousands of signatures to a petition of support for the Carnegie expansion project. You can sign the document at MotoMart, the AMA D.36 Awards Banquet and at the Oakland Supercross January 24 in the pits near the Carnegie/Hollister vendor tent. The petition will be presented to the CA OHV Commission and to Governor Jerry Brown."
Article and photograph by: Dave Duffin, for Carnegie Forever Board of Directors


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The FBI and a few other federal agencies spent almost two years on a bumbling investigation of whether there was "obscenity" in the lyrics to "Louie Louie."
This is a good reminder that government restrictions on free speech are bad not only for all the obvious reasons, but also because enforcing those restrictions uses up a lot of money that could have been spent on something more important.
The singer, Jack Ely, died last month at age 71. The New York Times reports:
Jack Ely would later insist that as a 19-year-old singing "Louie Louie" in one take in a Portland, Ore., studio in 1963, he had followed the original lyrics faithfully. But, he admitted, the braces on his teeth had just been tightened, and he was howling to be heard over the band, with his head tilted awkwardly at a 45-degree angle at a single microphone dangling from the ceiling to simulate a live concert.
Which may explain why what originated innocently as a lovesick sailor's calypso lament to a bartender named Louie morphed into the incoherent, three-chord garage-band cult classic by the Kingsmen that sold millions of copies, spawned countless cover versions and variations, was banned in Indiana, prompted the F.B.I. to investigate whether the song was secretly obscene, provoked a legal battle and became what Frank Zappa called "an archetypal American musical icon." . . .
The F.B.I. began investigating after an Indiana parent wrote to Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy in 1964: "My daughter brought home a record of 'LOUIE LOUIE' and I, after reading that the record had been banned on the air because it was obscene, proceeded to try to decipher the jumble of words. The lyrics are so filthy that I cannot enclose them in this letter."
The F.B.I. Laboratory's efforts at decryption were less fruitful. After more than two years and a 455-page report, the bureau concluded that "three governmental agencies dropped their investigations because they were unable to determine what the lyrics of the song were, even after listening to the records at speeds ranging from 16 r.p.m. to 78 r.p.m."
[Richard] Berry's words, with a first verse that begins, "Fine little girl she wait for me/Me catch the ship for 'cross the sea," are in fact completely benign. . . .
Asked to account for the song's popularity, [Peter Blecha, a music historian,] replied, "You could dance to it, and as kids, with the rumors that there was something nefarious going on, you couldn't grab our attention with anything better than that."
(Note: That video shows a different singer, who replaced Ely — but he's lip syncing to the original recording with Ely's vocals.)


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Tuesday, August 12, 2008
Treasure Nest Tuesday #4: Fun with Copper
I found this little fish in the basement of my beloved East End thrift store and the squee shattered windows in my West Side holler. She lives in my bathroom, bein sur, with red and gold beads twisted around her hanger beside a copper pot from a yard sale.
Eventually I plan to install a little hook and hang her from the ceiling- she hangs kinda wonkity from the nail on the window frame.
*** Edit#1 Whee! Fun with time: I forgot to post-date the post, then I fixed it, but Blogger'll keep it live anyway. Happy tomorrow morning, tonight:)
Edit #2 Damn! Forgot to plug Did You Buy That New, where I am now a contributor. See my trademark necklace that was my mama's here. ***
3 comments:
I love it! In my mind's eye, I see it painted up all Jupiter Hamilton-like. We should trade lessons...I'll teach you what I know about photo composition and you can teach me how to use my shiny, new PhotoShop 10. (Heh...something tells me that's sort of a lopsided deal...in my favor.)ReplyDelete
@TTHBTK Deal! I've been meaning to invite you to hang out:) I'll email you privately later & we can make plans!ReplyDelete
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Belated Happy New Year!!
I realize it's been way too long since I last posted, and I apologize. It seems I have been hiking more than eating, particularly since the holidays when I was hitting the Christmas cookies and assorted treats brought into the office pretty hard.
I did want to share this map of a hike I did this past Sunday at Oneida Shores Park near Brewerton. You can see that I finally accomplished my longtime desire to walk on water. It's true. The map is proof, and this photo below substantiates my claim, too, as Tucker was my witness.
Of course the massive Oneida Lake was frozen at the time. It was eerie to look out over the lake with the snow and overcast skies merging into one gray mass. I could have been in a Bergman film, it was that stark.
In the distance, there were several snowmobiles wheeling around and a clutch of ice fishermen huddling for warmth out on the lake, so I figured it was safe. It was, though I later read a short item in the Post-Standard about a pickup truck doing donuts out on the lake that went through the ice, as did an excavator called in to pull it out. Everyone was OK, but I suppose it's the last time I walk on water.
I also did some hikes at Green Lakes State Park in Fayetteville and Clark Reservation State Park in Jamesville. We really are lucky to have such incredible places so close by.
I did have a chance before Christmas, as I was wandering from store to store along Commercial Drive in New Hartford in search of I still don't know what, to find a new place to eat while avoiding the chain restaurants.
Charlie's Place is just west of Commercial Drive on Route 5. It is a breakfast-and-lunch restaurant that sits about 50 people. It is warm and cozy, as the regulars at the counter enjoying their coffees could attest.
It amazes me each time I walk into a new place how quickly you can sense what kind of experience you will have. Charlie's was inviting; right away you could tell the folks who run it care about it. Service was friendly and efficient, and most importantly, the lunch special I had, a panini sandwich with spicy Italian sausage and fresh mozzarella cheese, was great.
If you don't want to eat in Sangertown Square Mall and want to steer clear of the Evil Empire, a k a Olive Garden, on Commercial Drive, give Charlie's a try. You will be glad you ventured into a classic unchained restaurant.


text: job details posted 19 August 2019 location bengaluru, karnataka job category Other job type permanent reference number 1130 contact randstad sourceright apply now email this job print job description Reporting to: Account Manager/Account Director/Account Lead Job purpose: The Talent Advisor is responsible for managing the recruitment process for a defined number of business areas with a key focus on direct sourcing. Main accountabilities: The main accountability areas for this position are: Recruitment and candidate management Client management Administration and reporting. Recruitment and candidate management Key activities: Initiate a range of sourcing activities, such as publishing vacancies, networking and conducting referrals, to ensure a regular supply of candidates that meet client's current and future demands. Develop and manage the recruitment process for clients through sourcing, screening and qualifying candidates, briefing and preparing candidates, organizing interviews and sometimes, negotiating remuneration packages to ensure client needs and expectations are met in a timely manner.Provide advice to clients and candidates on salary levels, training requirements and career progression opportunities to facilitate the recruitment process.Review and improve recruitment methods to ensure selection techniques and recruitment programs are effective and meet client needs. Promote positive relationships and strong partnerships to protect the candidate experience Client management Key activities: Develop and maintain relationships with the client to ensure a good understanding of their current and future priorities.Keeps well-informed about additional opportunities for RSR and communicates this to manager. Maintain regular contact and reviews with the client/s to understand their recruitment needs and ensure that expectations have been met. Keep abreast of and analyse market and sector developments to ensure personal business and specialist technical knowledge is updated and to support the provision of consultative service and market intelligence to clients. Administration and reporting Key activities: Complete and update client and candidate details in administration systems to support effective management information reporting.Generating reports on RSR and client specific databases (as required). Real time updates for timely and accurate record keepingProcess management in line with client specific processesComply with company policies and procedures including business principles, misconduct reporting procedure and competition law compliance policy to meet Randstad's expectations concerning professional conduct.Participate in regular meetings with the team and the manager to maximise synergies, discuss market developments, to share experience and knowledge.Comply with legislative requirements at all times. Key Performance Indicators: KPIs for each RPO may be different, but are largely based around the below: Number of placements made% of client vacancies filled through direct sourcingTime to fill vacanciesNumber of new candidates interviewedGrowth of active databaseNumber of candidate interviewsTechnology adoptionAdherence to RPO processes Competencies: The key competencies for this role include: Strong Concepts Client focusCommercial Acumen Best People Impact Team workingResilienceWork under pressure Excellent Execution Passion for resultsCommercial drivePlanning and organizingAttention to detail Superior Brands Promoting core values Knowledge, skills and experience: Knowledge and/or experience of the sector or business lineApplicant tracking systems share Facebook LinkedIn Twitter


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Shortage of drugs worrying anesthesiologists
TORONTO - The drug shortage gripping Canada has anesthesiologists across the country worried they won't have enough drugs to perform surgery or the sedatives and painkillers needed to keep patients comfortable before and after their procedures.
"I've been getting a lot of emails from colleagues right across the country," said Dr. Rick Chisholm, president of the Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society.
"What I've heard from the rest of the country is (hospitals are) sort of taking stock of what inventory they have, what their typical usage is, trying to figure out how long their stocks are going to last, looking up what supplies Sandoz has told them they're going to be able to ship."
Sandoz Canada is at the centre of an escalating drug shortage, resulting from the company cutting production of more than 100 medications after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration raised concerns about quality standards at the company's Boucherville, Que., plant.
A fire on March 4 also affected the plant, which makes 90 per cent of injectable medications used in Canada, among them anesthetics, painkillers, cancer drugs and antibiotics.
Chisholm, an anesthesiologist at the Chalmers Regional Hospital in Fredericton, said he's been contacted by colleagues elsewhere in Canada who say they are looking for alternatives for medications that are running short, even turning to old-style anesthetics that haven't been used for years.
"I've seen planning where they're talking about when they get down to a week of essential drugs that they have left, they're going to have to start looking at possibly curtailing some elective surgery," he said.
Such a cancellation occurred Tuesday when two Vancouver hospitals postponed elective heart surgeries for nine patients over fears the dwindling stock of a critical medication would leave doctors without enough to deal with emergency cardiac cases.
The drug protamine is the only drug anesthesiologists have to reverse the effects of the blood-thinner heparin, which is given during heart bypass surgery. Sandoz is one of only two companies that makes the medication and the primary supplier to Canadian hospitals.
As it turned out, it wasn't necessary for St. Paul's and the Vancouver General hospitals to cancel the surgeries, said Gavin Wilson, a spokesman for Vancouver Coastal Health.
"They weren't cancelled due to a shortage of drugs. They were cancelled because of some miscommunication and a failure to follow the process that we've established here to deal with the Sandoz situation," Wilson said Wednesday from Vancouver.
The joint cardiac surgery program for the two hospitals decided to put off the scheduled operations after being told there were only about two weeks' worth of protamine left in stock.
"In fact, we have several weeks' supply of protamine available, so the surgeries that were cancelled, we're trying to reschedule them as quickly as possible, and some are already rescheduled," he said. "Aside from yesterday's misunderstanding, we haven't had any impact on patient care."
Asked about the issue Wednesday in the Commons, Prime Minister Stephen Harper acknowledged the drug shortage poses some difficult problems, but he said his government is looking for solutions.
"The provinces are responsible for purchasing their drugs," Harper said. "In this case, they purchased the drugs on a sole-source basis, and that source has come under stress ... we are working with them trying to address this problem."
In Ontario, the provincial health minister has a five-point plan aimed at helping hospitals to address drug shortfalls that could affect patients.
Anthony Dale, vice-president of policy and public affairs at the Ontario Hospital Association, said he's not aware of surgery cancellations at any of the province's 150 hospitals, but the Cardiac Care Network has voiced concern about shrinking stocks of protamine for heart operations.
"It's central to all cardiac surgery in the province," Dale said. "It is not yet in shortage, but they are carefully managing supply. And I think protamine is at the top of the government's priority list when it comes to dealing with Ontario's circumstance."
Like his fellow anesthesiologists, Chisholm is concerned about supply gaps for other medications, specifically pre-surgical sedatives to reduce anxiety in patients and post-operative narcotics to alleviate their pain.
"I can swap them around, but I'm limited because Sandoz makes most of them," he said. "I think they make fentanyl, they make morphine." Both are on the list of Sandoz products in short supply.
Dale said Sandoz produces many different forms of morphine and the reduction in stock is also alarming for hospitals.
"I think people believe that could be another area of more immediate concern," he said, noting that the province is tabulating information from hospitals on morphine supply and what Sandoz has told them about future production, as well as where generic substitutions might be obtained.
While Chisholm is confident he has anesthetics in his drug arsenal made by companies other than Sandoz, there are some medications he requires that only the Quebec plant provides, among them one for nausea and vomiting.
Some relief on that score came Wednesday, when Health Canada approved Aloxi, a drug to prevent severe stomach upset in adults that can occur from taking certain anti-cancer medicines.
The drug made by Eisai Ltd., a Canadian subsidiary of a Japanese company, was already in the regulatory pipeline and not one of the 15 products Health Canada is assessing over the next few weeks as part of a fast-track program to replace Sandoz medications in short supply.
Chisholm said there are other agents he uses to reverse the effects of drugs that are essential for some operations -- such as muscle relaxants -- which are also made by Sandoz.
"Everything I use is a sterile IV injectable. Everything I use is a generic IV injectable -- and 85 per cent of the drugs in my cart are from Sandoz," he said.
"So if I don't have it, I've got to go look for something else."


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In my personal opinion, we have yet to discover the depths to which God has sovereignly chosen to wait for — and rely upon — the deep-hearted, earnest, persevering prayers of His people before His answers are dispatched from Heaven to Earth.
Elijah was an outstanding prophet of God in Israel's history. He was a man through whom God poured great measures of His divine power to accomplish great signs and wonders to confirm and affirm God's messages spoken through him to Israel.
"The prayer of a righteous person is powerful and effective.
Elijah was a human being, even as we are. He prayed earnestly that it would not rain, and it did not rain on the land for three and a half years.
Again he prayed, and the heavens gave rain, and the earth produced its crops."
📖 James 5:16-18
Let's be people who devote ourselves to developing our prayer life, and to discovering the depths to which God intends that we earnestly pray.
See you at the altar of prayer, the place where God pours out His power and effectiveness from Heaven and into our situations.
✝ #PastorsTip


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After staging for several weeks close to the Turkish border in northern Syria, Boris embarked on the next leg of a particularly interesting and lengthy journey south on November 13th.
Our tracking data shows that he travelled more than 1,150 km in one leg, passing close to the north-western Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia on November 14th. At that point he must have been very close to where Irina is currently still located. His journey then continued a further 100km south over the next 3-4 days, before he reached the village of New Halfa in eastern Sudan.
Since then we've received several high quality signals showing that while Boris has been moving around the local area, he is still within 30km of New Halfa. It could be that this will be his final destination this year and where he will spend the rest of the winter.
When RSPB's Rob Sheldon emailed Dr Ibrahim Hashim of the Sudanese Wildlife Society, our project partner in Sudan, he received this surprising response… "Dear Rob, thank you for this exciting news. I am pleased Sociable Lapwing is back in Sudan, it is by chance I am already in New Halfa! We will do our best to find the birds."
Dr Hashim quickly adjusted his schedule and is now trying to locate the birds whilst undertaking other planned fieldwork. Hopefully, he will be able to bring us some more exciting news soon…


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New analysis released today shows that a British exit from the EU could push the annual shopping bill of the average British family up by £220 and consumer experts agree.
A fall in the value of Sterling of ten per cent, caused by the uncertainty after a vote to leave, would increase the price of imports.
A range of independent economic experts have predicted a fall in the value of Sterling if Britain leaves the EU; the average forecast is a 12 per cent depreciation.
Commenting on the research, consumer expert Richard Lloyd said:
"The best forecasts I've seen suggest that leaving the world's largest free trade single market could make consumers worse off when doing the weekly shop.
"There is widely expected to be a fall in the value of the pound if we leave. A weaker pound would make imports more expensive, and when businesses pass that cost on to consumers it would mean forking out more money at the till every week.
"As someone who has spent my career looking out for British consumers, and having listened carefully to both sides of the argument, I now regard leaving Europe as a clear risk to household budgets for some years to come.
"My advice to consumers is that remaining is the less risky choice for your personal finances."