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Lindsey Lepley
Assistant Professor
Assistant Professor, Department of Kinesiology
Academic Degrees:
Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
Ph.D., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
M.Ed., University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
B.S., Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI
Areas of Expertise:
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction, Biomechanics, Muscle Inhibition, Muscle Mechanics
Dr. Lepley's research interests center around examining the negative neuromuscular effects of traumatic joint injury and identifying therapeutic approaches capable of combating neuromuscular dysfunction. Much of her previous and current research has evaluated the effects of eccentric exercise on the recovery of muscle function after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Additionally, she studied the impact of muscle inhibition on persistent muscle weakness, and the consequences of muscle weakness on knee joint biomechanics. Her current projects look to study the effects of ACL injury on neuromuscular function in a rodent model, and the ability of exercise to promote muscle and joint health for the purpose of translating this work back into the clinic to minimize the risk of traumatic osteoarthritis development.
Funded Research:
- Influence of eccentric exercise on muscle and joint health following ACL injury, Source: NIH, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease Research (1K01AR071503-01A1)
- Eccentric exercise to promote immediate beneficial adaptations to muscle, Source: National Athletic Trainers' Association Research and Education Foundation
- Eccentric Cross-Exercise: A Novel Approach to Promote Recovery of Muscle Strength and Lower Extremity Function after ACL Reconstruction, Source: New England American College of Sports Medicine
- Sport Optimization And Rehabilitation (SOAR) Division of the Human Performance Laboratory, Primary Faculty, http://hpl.uconn.edu/soar/
- Comparative Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Laboratory, Director
Selected Publications:
Lepley LK, Lepley AS, Onate JA, Grooms DR. Eccentric Exercise to Enhance Neuromuscular Control. Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 2017;9(4)333-340. PMID: 28571492
Lepley LK and Butterfield TA. Shifting the Current Clinical Perspective: Isolated Eccentric Exercise as an Effective Intervention to Promote the Recovery of Muscle After Injury. Journal of Sports Rehabilitation. 2017;26(5)122-130. PMID:28414268
Butterfield TA and Lepley LK. Eccentric Contractions: They Are Not So 'Odd' Anymore. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation.2017;26(5)117-119. PMID:28414266
Lepley LK, McKeon PO, Fitzpatrick SG, Beckemyer CL, Uhl TL, Butterfield TA. Neuromuscular Alterations After Ankle Sprains: An Animal Model to Establish Causal Links After Injury. Journal of Athletic Training. 2016;51(10):797-805. PMID:27831747
Lepley LK and Palmieri-Smith RM. Pre-operative Quadriceps Activation is related to Post-operative Activation, Not Strength, In Patients Post-ACL Reconstruction. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2016;24(1):236-246. PMID:25315083
Lepley LK and Palmieri-Smith RM. Quadriceps Strength, Muscle Activation Failure and Patient-Reported Function at the Time of Return-to-Activity in ACL Reconstructed Patients: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal of Orthopedic & Sport Physical Therapy. 2015;45(12):1017-1025. PMID:26471854
Thomas AC, Lepley LK, Wojtys EM, McLean SG, Palmieri-Smith RM. Effects of Neuromuscular Fatigue and Quadriceps Inhibition and Knee Biomechanics in Individuals post ACL Reconstruction and Healthy Adults. Journal of Orthopedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2015;45(12):1042-1050. PMID:26471851
Lepley LK, Wojtys EM, Palmieri-Smith RM. Combination of Eccentric Exercise and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Post-ACL Reconstruction to Improve Biomechanical Limb Symmetry After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Clinical Biomechanics. 2015;30(7):738-747. PMID:25953255
Lepley LK, Wojtys EM, Palmieri-Smith RM. Does Concomitant Meniscectomy or Meniscal Repair Affect the Recovery of Quadriceps Function Post-ACL Reconstruction? Knee Surgery, Sport Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2015;23(9):2756-2761. PMID:24906435
Palmieri-Smith RM and Lepley LK. Quadriceps Strength Asymmetry Following ACL Reconstruction Alters Knee Joint Biomechanics and Functional Performance at Time of Return to Activity. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2015;43(7):1662-1669. PMID:25883169
Lepley LK. Deficits in Quadriceps Strength and Patient Oriented Outcomes at Return-to-Activity Following ACL Reconstruction: A Review of the Current Literature. Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 2015;7(3):231-238. PMID:26131300
Lepley LK, Wojtys EM, Palmieri-Smith RM. Combination of Eccentric Exercise and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Post-ACL Reconstruction to Improve Quadriceps Function. The Knee. 2015;22(3):270-277. PMID:25819154. NATAREF 2016 Doctoral Dissertation Award
Lepley LK and Palmieri-Smith RM. Cross-Education Strength and Activation After Eccentric Exercise. Journal of Athletic Training. 2014;49(5):582-589. PMID:25117873
Lepley LK and Palmieri-Smith RM. Effect of Eccentric Strengthening After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Quadriceps Strength. Journal of Sports Rehabilitation. 2013;22(2):150-156. PMID:23238230
Lepley LK, Thomas AC, McLean SG, Palmieri-Smith RM. Fatigue's Lack of Effect on Thigh-Muscle Activity in Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Reconstructed Patients During a Dynamic-Landing Task. Journal of Sports Rehabilitation. 2013;22(2):83-92. PMID:23069653
Honors and Awards:
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Loan Repayment Award, 2016-2018
- NATA Research & Education Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Award, 2016
- New England American College of Sports Medicine New Investigator Award, 2015
- Univ. of Kentucky Center for Muscle Biology Postdoctoral Fellow Award, 2014
- Univ. of Michigan Paul A. Hunsicker Memorial Award, 2014
- Univ. of Virginia David H. Perrin Athletic Training & Sports Medicine Award, 2009
- American College of Sports Medicine
- American Society of Biomechanics
- Athletic Trainers' Osteoarthritis Consortium
- National Athletic Trainers' Association
|Mailing Address
|2095 Hillside Rd, Unit 1110 Storrs, CT 06269-1110
|Office Location
|Gampel Pavilion


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This is a super easy chicken bone broth recipe, or as I call it: liquid gold.
The benefits of bone broth are vast. It is excellent for your skin, thanks to all that lovely collagen (yes, the very same stuff people pay hundreds to have pumped into their faces), fantastic for your gut health which in turn supports your immune system.
Another benefit of bone broth is that it helps supply the body with super important minerals and electrolytes (yep, just like the ones you pay for in certain bottled water and sugar laden fitness drinks) like calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sodium and potassium.
Bone broth also supports the liver in detoxification, because it has glutathione which is a powerful antioxidant agent.
Lastly, it tastes delicious and is a cosy drink to have in the evening after dinner or to use as a base or soups, stews and pasta dishes.
Easy Chicken Bone Broth Recipe Ingredients:
1 chicken carcass (my favourite way to make broth is to use a chicken I have used for a roast dinner, I find that the flavours I added from when I roasted it make it super delicious)
Pop into your local butcher or the butcher section of your supermarket and as for a couple of chicken carcasses. It is super cheap, usually less than £1 for two carcasses. If they don't have a carcass, ask for some bones, about the equivalent of a whole chicken.
A handful of fresh herbs, for example, thyme and rosemary.
1 brown onion, chopped
3 garlic cloves, chopped
2 stalks of celery, chopped
Easy Chicken Bone Broth Recipe Method:
In a large saucepan, add in the chicken bones/carcass with all the other ingredients.
Add in water so that it comes just above the chicken bones/carcass.
Cover the pot and put it on low heat, checking on it every so often and topping up with a small amount of water as necessary – you shouldn't have to add much since the pot is covered.
The total cooking time is at least 5 hours, I try to aim for about 8 so start in the morning if you can!
If you don't have a full 8 hours to be at home and keep an eye on it, 5 hours is fine.
To drain, pour the broth over a strainer and throw away the solid ingredients.
Keep in an air tight container in the fridge or in the freezer.
TIP: As an alternative to oil when cooking, skim the fat from the top of cooled broth.
Now you have the broth you can make some delicious soups! Check out my soup recipes below:
Warming Winter Sweet Potato Soup

subset: commoncrawl


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In this post, Apple tv 4 and 4K compatibles bluetooth keyboards listed. So pick an affordable keyboard to your Apple tv to enjoy to search, navigation and much more very quickly from around your living room or at anywhere into your television watching area. At a glance, by using these third-party keyboards or Apple Wireless keyboard, you will get a standard approach to organize your Apple TV like you working on laptop/Mac.
Fortunately, the Apple TV has the built-in tvOS operating system, and it has a lot of applications, games and such a great remote control platform to handle HomeKit accessories using Siri. By adding a bluetooth keyboard in your Apple Tv watching life, you could reduce the program-browsing time and increase your pleasure, even more, better than ever. Let's look here Best Bluetooth keyboards for Apple TV which will allow you hassle-free setup and pair to use.
we are happy to help you, submit this Form, if your solution is not covered in this article.
A caveat – if you've Apple TV 4 or Apple TV 4K and want to use the third-party bluetooth keyboard, then you compulsory need tvOS 11 or later.
Furthermore, don't worry, about how to connect a bluetooth keyboard to Apple tv, you will get instructions printed to set up, and pair to Apple TV 4 and earlier.
Page Contents
Three Best Bluetooth keyboards for Apple TV: Never Miss offer Price
Logitech bluetooth Keyboard for Apple TV 4 and Apple TV 4K
This one is a high profile backlight keyboard. Wonderment features like only single press needed to pair with its compatible devices (iPhone, iPad, Mac, Apple tv, etc.). Logitech Aluminum keypad has similar physical keyboard layout, which we are using on the Apple keyboard. It is rechargeable, right luminous backlight key so useful in the dark area and mostly when you are watching TV at night time, it is very comfortable for all peoples.
To operate this bluetooth keyboard, it has on/off switch particularly useful to Apple TV because on the console you will see menu, arrow, and playbacks keys and more put controls of Apple TV at your fingers.
Logitech bluetooth Keyboard for Apple TV: Price – $78.94
Apple TV wireless keyboard: Offer by Anker
The USA's leading brand Anker is selling ultra-slim bluetooth keyboard. It works with the almost cross-platform including iOS, macOS, tvOS and non-apple operating system.
Lightweight, quiet typing with keys, has long battery life, cheap in price and #1 Apple keyboard alternative. We have genuinely experience, give your order today, do switch on and pair with your Apple TV to typing in Apple TV navigation bar and more.
Anker Apple TV wireless keyboard: Price – $14.99
Amazon basics bluetooth keyboard for Apple TV
One the best and cheap Apple TV wireless keyboard. Apple style layout and very slim design with all necessary function keys for volume mute, volume up, playback, pause, search key on the keyboard.
At all, this functional best bluetooth keyboard for Apple TV 4 will provide you mind-blowing experience. Comfortable, wired-free, portable and lightweight so easy to carry anywhere.
Cheap Apple tv Bluetooth keyboard: Price – $23.99
You have Apple smartwatch, know here how to control Apple tv with Apple Watch.
Did you like these Best Bluetooth keyboards for Apple TV? If you want to buy an Apple TV USB keyboard and ever you found useful to review one, then please drop its brand name and model number and your own experience in below comments.
Get here: Best Soundbar for Apple TV
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We are happy to help you! Follow the next Step if Your Solution is not in this article, Submit this form without Sign Up, We will revert back to you via Personal Mail. In Form, Please Use the Description field to Mention our reference Webpage URL which you visited and Describe your problem in detail if possible. We covered your iPhone 11 Pro, iPhone 11 Pro Max, iPhone 11, iPhone 8(Plus), iPhone 7(Plus), iPhone 6S(Plus), iPhone 6(Plus), iPhone SE, iPhone 5S, iPhone 5, iPad All Generation, iPad Pro All Models, MacOS Catalina or Earlier MacOS for iMac, Mac Mini, MacBook Pro, WatchOS 6 & Earlier on Apple Watch 5/4/3/2/1, Apple TV. You can also mention iOS/iPadOS/MacOS. To be Continued...
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|The National League of Professional Baseball is formed with eight initial teams - Boston Red Caps, Chicago White Stockings, Cincinnati Red Legs, Hartford Dark Blues, Louisville Grays, New York Mutuals, Philadelphia Athletics and St. Louis Brown Stockings.
|Apr 22, 1876
|The Philadelphia Athletics and the Boston Red Caps play the first official Major League Baseball Game. The Caps win 6 - 5
|Sep 27, 1876
|The Chicago White Stockings win the first National League Pennant finishing the season six games ahead of both Hartford and St. Louis.
|The 1877 season opens with six teams after the Athletics and Mutuals are expelled from the league for refusing to play their western games. The Hartford Dark Blues leave Hartford and move to Brooklyn before the season begins. They are now known as the Hartfords of Brooklyn. They disband after the 1877 season. The St. Louis Brown Stockings and the Louisville Grays file for bankruptcy after being embroiled in a game fixing scandal after the end of the season
|The Providence Grays, the Indianapolis Blues and the Milwaukee Grays join the National League. The Blues and the Grays disband after the 1878 season
|The National League welcomes four new teams - the Buffalo Bisons, the Syracuse Stars, the Cleveland Blues and the Troy Trojans. The Stars did not finish the season, folding on September 10th
|The Worcester Ruby Legs
|Jun 12, 1880
|John Richmond, of the Worcester Ruby Legs, pitched the first perfect game in Major League Baseball History. The Ruby Legs defeated the Cleveland Blues 1 - 0.
|Oct 8, 1880
|Seven of the eight Major League teams vote to ban beer and Sunday games. Cincinnati's President, W.H. Kennett, refused to vote yes and the Red Legs were expelled from the league
|The 1881 season opens with another new team, the Detroit Wolverines
|Sep 10, 1881
|Roger Connor, of the Troy Trojans, hits the first Grand Slam in big league history
|The league experiments with players wearing different color uniforms, depending on their position on the field. The Troy Trojans and the Worcester Ruby Legs are disbanded at the conclusion of the season.
|May 13, 1882
|The National League announces that players will not be required to wear uniforms that are color coded by position for the 1883 season
|The New York Gothams enter the league with a team made up primarily of former Troy Trojans. Along with the Gothams, a new team from Philadelphia, the Quakers, make their debut. The team from Boston is now known as the Beaneaters
|Jun 16, 1883
|The New York Gothams host what is believed to be the first "Ladies Day" game in baseball history
|Jun 7, 1884
|Providence Pitcher Charlie Sweeney strikes out 19 Boston Red Stockings establishing a record for K's in a nine inning game. That record is not broken until April of 1986 when Roger Clemens fans 20
|The Cleveland Grays fold after the 1884 season. Taking their place in the NL are the St. Louis Maroons. The Providence Grays fold after the 1885 season and the Buffalo Bisons move to minor league baseball
|Two new teams debut for the 1886 season, the Kansas City Cowboys and the Washington Nationals.
|Nov 18, 1886
|The Pittsburgh Alleghenys are admitted to the National League
|Sep 11, 1886
|Connie Mack makes his Major League debut with the Nationals
|Feb 1887
|The St. Louis Maroons are sold to a group from Indianapolis. They are now the Indianapolis Hoosiers. The Kansas City Cowboys disband
|Cleveland returns to Major League baseball, this time as the Spiders. An opening was created after the Detroit Wolverines disbanded after the 1888 season. The Indianapolis Hoosiers and Washington Nationals fold after the 1889 season.
|The Philadelphia Quakers are now officially known as the Philadelphia Phillies. The Brooklyn Bridegrooms and Cincinnati Reds join the National League. The Chicago White Stockings name has transitioned to the Chicago Colts
|Aug 6, 1890
|Cy Young makes his Major League debut with the Cleveland Spiders and throws a 3 hitter against Chicago
|Dec 17, 1891
|The American Association, a rival professional league folds and four of its teams are absorbed into the National League - Louisville Colonials, Washington Senators, St. Louis Browns and Baltimore Orioles. The Pittsburgh Alleghenys rename themselves the Pittsburgh Pirates
|To accommodate the new 12 team league, a split season is incorporated. There is now a 154 game schedule split into two championship series
|Apr 17, 1892
|The first Sunday game in Major League history is played. The Cincinnati Reds hosted the St. Louis Browns and beat them 5 - 1
|Nov 17, 1892
|Realizing that the split season does not work, the league agrees to a 132 game schedule with one end of the season champion
|May 23, 1895
|The Louisville Colonels forfeit a game against Brooklyn because they ran out of baseballs
|Jul 19, 1897
|Honus Wagner makes his Major League debut as Louisville tops Washington 6 - 2.
|The Chicago Colts are now primarily known as the Chicago Orphans
|The Brooklyn Bridegrooms are now known as the Superbas. The new ownership of the St. Louis Browns change the team's color to red and their name to the Perfectos.
|The color red becomes so popular in St. Louis that the club is now known as the Cardinals
|Jul 17, 1900
|Christy Mathewson makes his Major League debut with the New York Giants.
|Mar 8, 1900
|The National League meets and votes to go back to an eight team league. Baltimore, Cleveland, Louisville and Washington are dropped
|A second league, the American League is formally organized. This league consists of eight teams - Baltimore Orioles, Boston Americans, Chicago White Stockings, Cleveland Blues, Detroit Tigers, Milwaukee Brewers, Philadelphia Athletics, Washington Senators
|Apr 24, 1901
|The first official American League game is played between the Cleveland Blues and the Chicago White Stockings. The White Stockings win the opener 8 - 2
|The Cleveland Blues "unofficially" become the Cleveland Bronchos
|The team from Cleveland is now called the Naps. The Chicago Orphans are now the Chicago Cubs
|Jan 1903
|A group of men from New York purchase the Baltimore franchise and move them to New York, naming them the Highlanders.
|Oct 1, 1903
|The first World Series Game, or the "Championship of the United States" is played. The match up for the series is the Boston Americans from the AL and the Pittsburgh Pirates from the NL. Pittsburgh wins the first game on the road, 7 - 3
|Oct 3
|Games 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8 go to Boston, giving them the first World Series title.
|Oct, 1904
|The New York Highlanders refuse to play the AL Champion Boston Americans in the World Series feeling that the AL is an inferior and corrupt league. The World Series in cancelled
|Aug 30, 1905
|Ty Cobb makes his Major League debut as the Tigers defeat the Highlanders 5 - 3. Cobb doubles in his first at bat.
|Oct 14, 1905
|The New York Giants win the World Series title defeating the Athletics 4 games to 1
|Oct 14, 1906
|The all Chicago Word Series concludes with the White Sox topping the Cubs 8 - 3 in game six
|The Boston Beaneaters are now known as the Boston Doves
|Aug 2, 1907
|Walter Johnson makes his Major League debut facing Detroit. The Senators lose the game 3 - 2.
|The Boston Americans are renamed the Boston Red Sox
|Sep 13, 1909
|Ty Cobb clinches the American League home run title when he hits his 9th of the season. All of Cobb's home runs are inside the park HRs
|Apr 14, 1910
|President William H. Taft becomes the first President to throw out the first pitch when he does so before the Nationals game against the Athletics.
|Aug 13, 1910
|The Pirates and the Superbas play the most evenly matched game of all time. The game ends with the score tied 8 - 8. Each team has 13 hits, 38 at bats, 5 strikeouts, 3 walks, 1 hit batter, 1 passed ball, 13 assists, 27 putouts, 2 errors and both teams used 2 pitchers. The game was called due to darkness
|The Brooklyn Superbas are now known as the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Boston Doves are now the Boston Rustlers
|Apr 15, 1911
|Grover Cleveland Alexander makes his Major League debut in a Phillies 5 - 4 loss to the Rustlers.
|Dec, 1911
|The Boston Rustlers are bought by NY politician James Gaffney and former player John Montgomery Ward. The team is now called the Braves
|Oct 11, 1911
|The first league MVP Awards are given. The AL award goes to Detroit's Ty Cobb while the NL Most Valuable Player is Frank Schulte of the Cubs
|Apr 11, 1912
|The New York Highlanders debut their new pinstripe uniforms
|The New York Highlanders are now the New York Yankees
|The Federal League, a third professional baseball league begins play. Teams were based in Brooklyn, Chicago, St. Louis, Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Kansas City, Buffalo and Indianapolis. Entrepreneurs believed that baseball was popular enough to support three leagues
|Jul 11, 1914
|Babe Ruth makes his Major League debut with the Boston Red Sox. Ruth strikes out in his first at bat, but pitches a 4 - 3 win over Cleveland.
|The Cleveland Naps are now known as the Cleveland Indians
|Dec 1915
|The Federal League and Major League Baseball come to an agreement, ending the Federal League's two years of existence. Major League baseball pays $600,000 to be distributed to
|May 6, 1915
|Babe Ruth hits his first Major League home run off of Yankees pitcher Jack Warhop. The blast came in the third inning of a game played at New York's Polo Grounds
|Sep 10, 1915
|Rogers Hornsby makes his Major League debut for the Cardinals. He goes 0 for 2 in his two plate appearances
|Apr 1917
|A cold and rainy spring, combined with the US entry into World War I, resulted in the postponement of 48 NL games in the first month of the season
|Dec 19, 1917
|Dave Ritchie, of the Montreal Wanderers, scores the first goal in NHL history in a 10 - 9 Montreal victory over the Toronto Arenas.
|Nov 22, 1917
|The NHL is founded with five teams - Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators Toronto Arenas and Quebec Bulldogs. However, Quebec did not play during the 1917 - 18 season.
|The Montreal Wanderers fold after one season in the NHL
|Feb 18, 1918
|Georges Vezina, of the Montreal Canadiens records the first NHL shutout in a 9 - 0 win over Toronto.
|Jul 19, 1918
|US Government rules that baseball is not an essential occupation and that all players of draft age are subject to the "work in essential industries or fight" rule. Major League baseball decides end the season early. The regular season ends on September 2nd
|Mar 20, 1918
|The Toronto Arenas are the first NHL team to compete in the Stanley Cup Finals as they beat the Pacific Coast Hockey Association's Vancouver Millionaires 5 - 3.
|Sep 5, 1918
|For the first time, The Star Spangled Banner is played at a Major League game
|The Quebec Athletic Club enter the league
|Apr 1, 1919
|The final game of the 1919 Stanley Cup Finals between the Montreal Canadiens and the Seattle Metropolitans is canceled because of a worldwide influenza epidemic
|Dec 13, 1919
|The Toronto Arenas become the Toronto St. Patrick's
|Oct 9, 1919
|The Cincinnati Reds defeat the Chicago White Sox clinching the 1919 World Series title. The 1919 Series will be revisited in 1920 as the "Black Sox" scandal is exposed.
|The NHL sells the Quebec franchise to Abso Pure Ice Company of Hamilton Ontario and the Hamilton Tigers begin play.
|Jan 1920
|The New York Yankees announce that they have purchased Babe Ruth from the Boston Red Sox
|Sep 18, 1920
|A headline in the Chicago Tribune reads "IS ANYTHING WRONG WITH THE SOX? 1919 WORLD SERIES SCANDAL REVIVED
|Sep 22, 1920
|A grand jury in Chicago convenes to investigate whether or not the White Sox players conspired to fix the 1919 World Series
|Sep 28, 1920
|The Chicago grand jury indicts 8 Chicago White Sox in the 1919 World Series fixing scandal.
|Apr 4, 1921
|The Ottawa Senators become the first team to win back to back Stanley Cup Championships as they defeat the Vancouver Millionaires 2 -1 in the fifth game of the Finals.
|Aug 5, 1921
|The first radio broadcast of a Major League game airs over KDKA in Pittsburgh. In that game the Pirates beat the Phillies 8 - 5
|Jul 18, 1921
|The Black Sox trial begins in Chicago
|Apr 1922
|The St. Louis Cardinals debut their classic bird on bat design jerseys.
|Jun 24, 1922
|The American Professional Football Association is renamed the National Football League. The league consists of 18 teams: Canton Bulldogs / Chicago Bears / Chicago Cardinals / Toledo Maroons / Rock Island Independents / Racine Legion/ Green Bay Packers / Dayton Triangles / Buffalo All-Americans / Akron Pros / Oorang Indians / Milwaukee Badgers / Minneapolis Marines / Louisville Brecks/Hammond Pros / Columbus Panhandles / Evansville Crimson Giants/Rochester Jeffersons
|One team changed names, one moved on, and three new teams entered the league. Added were the Duluth Kelleys, the St. Louis All Stars and the Cleveland Indians. The Columbus Panhandles became the Columbus Tigers and the Evansville Crimson Giants disbanded.
|Apr 18, 1923
|Yankee Stadium opens. In the first game in "The House That Ruth Built" the Yankees beat the Red Sox 4 - 1.
|Jun 15, 1923
|Lou Gehrig makes his Major League debut when the Yankees faced the St. Louis Browns in New York. Gehrig came into the game as a pinch hitter but did not reach base
|Oct 15, 1923
|The New York Yankees win their first World Series title.
|Out are the Oorang Indians, the Louisville Brecks and the Columbus Panhandles. In are the Frankford Yellow Jackets and the Kansas City Blues. The Cleveland Indians become the Cleveland Bulldogs, the Buffalo All Americans become the Buffalo Bisons and the Toledo Maroons become the Kenosha Maroons
|Dec 1, 1924
|The Boston Bruins and the Montreal Maroons take part in the first NHL game to be played in the United States. Boston wins 2 - 1
|Oct 11, 1924
|The Boston Bruins and the Montreal Maroons are granted franchises. Both teams begin play at the start of the 1924 - 25 season
|The Pittsburgh Pirates and New York Americans begin play.
|In are the New York Giants, Detroit Panthers, Providence Steam Roller and Pottsville Maroons. Out are the Racine Legion, Minneapolis Marines and Kenosha Maroons. The Kansas City Blues become the KC Cowboys. Also, All American halfback Red Grange signs to play with the Chicago Bears.
|Red Grange's manager tells the Bears that Grange requires a five figure salary and 1/3 ownership. The Bears refuse so C.C. Pyle starts his own football league called the American Football League. Grange plays for the team from New York called the Yankees. The Rock Island Independents leave the NFL for the AFL. The league folds after one season. Two clubs are out - Rock Island Independents and Cleveland Bulldogs. Two teams come in - Los Angeles Buccaneers and Brooklyn Lions. The Duluth Kelleys become the Duluth Eskimos and the Buffalo Bisons become the Rangers
|May 15, 1926
|The New York Rangers are granted an NHL franchise
|Nov 1926
|The Chicago Black Hawks and Detroit Cougars begin play. The Toronto St. Patrick's become the Toronto Maple Leafs
|Apr 23, 1927
|League officials decides that it's best to consolidate, so the NFL drops to 12 teams - New York Giants, Green Bay Packers, Chicago Bears, Cleveland Bulldogs, Providence Steam Roller, New York Yankees, Frankford Yellow Jackets, Pottsville Maroons, Chicago Cardinals, Duluth Eskimos,, Dayton Triangles and Buffalo Bisons.
|Nov 1927
|The New York Rangers begin play.
|Sep 30, 1927
|Babe Ruth hits his 60th home run of the 1927 season, more than any Major League team.
|Two more teams drop out - Duluth Eskimos and Buffalo Bisons
|Apr 16, 1929
|The Cleveland Indians open the season wearing uniform numbers on their backs, the first time a Major League team has done so. The Yankees followed suit two days later. If the Yankees game on the 16th had not been rained out they would have been the first
|May 6, 1929
|The American League announces that it is discontinuing the Most Valuable Player Award
|Nov 6, 1929
|Out are the New York Yankees and in are the Orange Tornadoes, Staten Island Stapletons and Minneapolis Red Jackets. The Steam Rollers become the first NFL team to host a game under the lights.
|The Detroit Cougars become the Detroit Falcons. The Pittsburgh Pirates move to Philadelphia and become the Philadelphia Quakers. The Quakers fold after one season
|The Dayton Flyers are sold and moved to Brooklyn, becoming the Brooklyn Dodgers. The Portsmouth Spartans join and the Orange Tornadoes become the Newark Tornadoes. The Buffalo Bisons and the Boston Bulldogs drop out.
|Sep 21, 1930
|Bronko Nagurski plays his first game for the Bears.
|Sep 28, 1930
|Pitcher Dizzy Dean makes his Major League debut as the Cardinals defeat the Pirates 3 - 1
|Minneapolis Red Jackets disband. Halfway through the season the Frankford Yellow Jackets folded. The Packers won their third consecutive title
|The Providence Steam Roller and the Cleveland Indians fold. Official statistics are kept for the first time.
|Dec 18, 1932
|The regular season ends with the Bears and Spartans tied. The league office decides to play one more game to determine a champion. The game is played indoors at Chicago Stadium because of the winter weather. The Bears win 9 - 0
|Jul 9, 1932
|The NFL awards a new team to a group from Boston. They call them the Brave
|Jun 3, 1932
|Lou Gehrig hits four home runs in a game against the Athletics in Philadelphia
|Oct 19, 1932
|The Baseball Writers of America take up the MVP Award, giving it to Jimmie Foxx of the Athletics in the AL and Chuck Klein of the Phillies in the NL
|Oct 5, 1932
|The Detroit Tigers become the Detroit Red Wings.
|Three new teams join the league - Pittsburgh Pirates, Philadelphia Eagles and Cincinnati Reds. The Staten Island Stapletons fold. The Braves become the Redskins
|Dec 17, 1933
|The first NFL Championship is played with the Bears beating the Giants 23 - 21.
|Jul 6, 1933
|The first Major League All Star Game is played at Comiskey Park. The AL won the inaugural summer classic 4 - 2.
|Jul 8, 1933
|The league decides to split into two divisions, with the winners of each division meeting in a championship game
|The Portsmouth Spartans are sold, move to Detroit and become the Lions. The Cincinnati Reds lose their first eight games and are suspended from the league when they default on payments. An independent team called the St. Louis Gunners join and finish the season 1 - 2 in their three games. The Gunners only play one season in the NFL
|The Ottawa Senators move to St. Louis Missouri and become the St. Louis Eagles. The Eagles last only one season
|Aug 31, 1934
|The Bears play a game against college All Stars. The Chicago College All-Star Game is played at Soldier Field and ends in a scoreless tie. The game is played in front of 79,000+
|Dec 9, 1934
|The Sneaker Game is played - The championship between the Giants and Bears on an extremely cold and icy day. The Giants are down at halftime, but when they come out in the second half in their basketball shoes the game turns their way. Final score, Giants 30 Bears 13
|Feb 14, 1934
|The NHL holds its first All Star Game. The game matched the Toronto Maple Leafs against a team of league All Stars. The Maple Leafs won 7 - 3
|Nov 29, 1934
|The Bears and Lions play on Thanksgiving Day. The game is the first one to be broadcast nationally
|Sep 30, 1934
|Babe Ruth plays his last game in pinstripes as the Yankees host the Senators. Ruth goes 0 for 3 and leaves the field in tears after his final at bat
|Feb 26, 1935
|Babe Ruth signs with the Boston Braves.
|Jun 2, 1935
|Babe Ruth announces his retirement
|May 19, 1935
|The league adopts a plan to have an annual draft of college players, beginning in 1936. The teams will draft in an inverse order of finish
|May 25, 1935
|Babe Ruth hits his 714th and final home run.
|A rival league begins play. It's called the American Football League
|Feb 2, 1936
|The baseball writers select the inaugural class of the Baseball Hall of Fame. The first players to be inducted will be Ty Cobb, Walter Johnson. Christy Mathewson, Babe Ruth and Honus Wagner
|Feb 8, 1936
|Jay Berwanger, halfback from the University of Chicago is the first player selected in the inaugural NFL Draft. Berwanger was selected by the Philadelphia Eagles.
|Jan 30, 1936
|The new owners of the Boston Braves ask newspapermen, with suggestions from the fans, to pick a new name for the franchise. The winning name is Bees
|Jul 19, 1936
|Bob Feller makes his Major League debut in relief for the Indians
|May 3, 1936
|Joe DiMaggio makes his Major League debut with the Yankees in New York. He goes 3 for 6 with 3 runs and an RBI as the Yankees dominate the Cardinals 14 - 5
|The AFL folds after two seasons. The Redskins sign TCU All-America tailback Sammy Baugh.
|Feb 12, 1937
|Cleveland is awarded a franchise. They name it the Rams
|Feb 13, 1937
|The Boston Redskins move to Washington.
|The Montreal Maroons suspend operations
|Apr 20, 1939
|Ted Williams makes his Major League debut as the Red Sox face the Yankees in New York. Williams goes 1 for 4 as the Sox fall to the Yankees 2 - 0.
|Aug 26, 1939
|The first Major League game to be broadcast on television airs from Ebbets Field as the Reds face the Dodgers. The game is available for public viewing at RCA Pavilion in Rockefeller Center
|Jan 15, 1939
|The first Pro Bowl is played. The NFL Champion New York Giants played a team of All Stars at Wrigley Field. The Giants won 13 - 10
|Jul 4, 1939
|Lou Gehrig gives his farewell speech at Yankee Stadium. The Yankees retire Gehrig's # 4, becoming the first player to have his number retired.
|Jun 21, 1939
|The Yankees announce Lou Gehrig's retirement. He has been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
|May 2, 1939
|Lou Gehrig voluntarily benches himself "for the good of the team", ending his consecutive game streak at 2,130 games. At the time Gehrig is hitting .143 and has one RBI
|Oct 22, 1939
|The Brooklyn Dodgers vs Philadelphia Eagles game from Ebbets Field is the first television broadcast when the game airs on approximately 1000 sets in New York.
|Another new league, again called the American Football League begins play. Like the previous AFL, this league folds after two seasons. The Pirates are renamed the Steelers
|Feb 25, 1940
|In the first game to be televised in the United States, the Rangers beat the Canadiens 6 - 2
|The Boston Bees experiment comes to an end as the club returns to their previous name, the Boston Braves
|The New York Americans become the Brooklyn Americans, even though they continue to play their games in Manhattan.
|Apr 26, 1941
|The Chicago Cubs install an organ in Wrigley Field, becoming the first team to do so
|Dec 21, 1941
|The Bears and Packers play the first divisional playoff game in league history, with the Bears winning 33 - 14
|Jul 1, 1941
|At Yankee Stadium Joe DiMaggio has two hits, tying the Major League record of 44 consecutive games with a hit.
|Jul 17, 1941
|At Cleveland's League Park Joe DiMaggio goes 0 for 3 with one walk, ending his consecutive game hitting streak at 56.
|Jul 2, 1941
|In his only hit of the day, Joe DiMaggio breaks the record for consecutive games with a hit. The record is his at 45.
|Jun 2, 1941
|Lou Gehrig, 37, dies of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
|Jun 29, 1941
|In the first game of a doubleheader against Washington, Joe DiMaggio singles, tying the AL record of 41 consecutive games with a hit. In the second game he singles again, setting a new record of 42 consecutive games
|Sep 28, 1941
|Ted Williams finishes the season with a .406 batting average. No player has finished the season with a .400+ batting average since
|Rosters are depleted as many players are serving in the military
|The Brooklyn Americans suspend operations
|Feb 3, 1942
|Major League owners meet to discuss baseball during wartime. It is decided that more night games will be played to accommodate workers. It is also decided that there will be two All Star Games, with the second game to be played against a military All Star team
|Jan 6, 1942
|Bob Feller enlists in the Navy and reports to Norfolk, VA for duty
|Boston is granted a franchise, to become active in 1944
|Apr 6, 1943
|The league allows the Cleveland Rams to suspend the team for one season because both of their owners are in the service
|Jul 7, 1943
|The military All Stars take on the AL All Stars. The AL wins the game, while the event raises $160,000 for military relief
|Jun 19, 1943
|The franchises in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh are granted permission to merge of one season.
|Jun 2, 1943
|Ted Williams enlists in the Navy but does not report until after the season has concluded
|Mar 5, 1943
|Phil's manager Hans Lobert decides that it's time to change the team's nickname. "We've been at the bottom of the standing so long the syllable seems to imply we're lying dormant. Besides, it confuses us with a cheroot. "I don't like it," he explains in the TSN. "It may sound a bit far fetched, but it's going to be the Phils from now on."
|The new team in Boston is named the Yanks. The Cleveland Rams resume operations and the Brooklyn Dodgers become the Brooklyn Tigers.
|Apr 21, 1944
|The Cardinals and Steelers merged for one season, calling themselves Card-Pitt
|Mar 4, 1944
|The Phillies need to do something to create a spark so they decide to change their nickname. After a newspaper contest the team decides to now go by the name Blue Jays. The experiment lasts for two seasons and the Phillies return in 1946.
|Boston and Brooklyn merged into one team, calling themselves the Yanks. In December the Brooklyn franchise withdrew from the NFL and joined the newly formed All-America Football Conference. The Boston team is now the Yanks, again
|Jul 1, 1945
|After serving in the Army for four years, Hank Greenberg returns to the Tigers and homers in his first game back.
|Mar 28, 1945
|Maurice "Rocket" Richard of the Montreal Canadiens becomes the first NHL player to score 50 goals in a season.
|Oct 23, 1945
|The Dodgers' Branch Rickey announces the team's signing of Jackie Robinson
|The Cleveland Rams move to Los Angeles, and keep the nickname Rams.
|Aug 9, 1946
|For the first time in Major League history, all games are played at night
|Mar 17, 1946
|The Dodgers face their minor league team, the Montreal Royals in a spring training game in Florida. Jackie Robinson is in the line up for the Royals, marking the first time that an integrated team plays an organized baseball game.
|Mar 21, 1946
|Kenny Washington signs with the Los Angeles Rams becoming the first Africna American to play in the modern day NFL. The rival AAFC began play with eight teams.
|Nov 1, 1946
|The Basketball Association of America, precursor to the NBA, holds their first game as the New York Knicks face the Toronto Huskies at Maple Leaf Gardens. The Knicks win the inaugural game 68 - 66.
|Apr 10, 1947
|Branch Rickey announces that the Dodgers have purchased the contract of Jackie Robinson from the Montreal Royals and that he will report immediately
|Apr 15, 1947
|Jackie Robinson becomes the first African American to play in a Major League game. He goes 0 for 3 in his three plate appearances.
|Apr 22, 1947
|The Philadelphia Warriors win the first BAA Championship, defeating the Chicago Stags 4 games to 1.
|Jul 5, 1947
|Larry Doby becomes the first African American ballplayer to appear in an AL game as he takes the field for the Indians
|Sep 17, 1947
|Jackie Robinson is named Rookie of the Year
|Aug 16, 1948
|Babe Ruth, 53, dies of throat cancer
|Dec 21, 1948
|With the first pick in the draft, the Philadelphia Eagles select Chuck Bednarik from the University of Pennsylvania.
|Jul 7, 1948
|The Cleveland Indians sign 42 year old Negro League Pitcher Satchel Paige. Paige debuts the next day in relief and the Indians win the game against the Yankees 8 - 6.
|Jun 2, 1948
|The league announces that the Art Ross Trophy will be awarded annually to the scoring leader. Montreal's Elmer Lach is the first winner
|Nov 3, 1948
|Gordie Howe of the Red Wings makes his first of an eventual 21 All Star appearances
|The Boston Yanks become the New York Bulldogs
|The Basketball Association of America merges with the National Basketball League forming the National Basketball Association
|Apr 16, 1949
|The Toronto Maple Leafs become the first NHL franchise to win three consecutive Stanley Cup titles when they defeat Detroit in Game 4 of the 1948 - 49 finals.
|Dec 9, 1949
|It's announced that three AAFC teams - Cleveland, San Francisco and Baltimore would join the NFL in 1950
|Nov 18, 1949
|Jackie Robinson is voted National League MVP.
|The New York Bulldogs become the Yanks. The Los Angeles Rams become the first team to have all of its games televised
|Apr 25, 1950
|Chuck Cooper, from Duquesne University, becomes the first African American basketball player to be drafted into the NBA. The Boston Celtics take him with the 2nd pick of the 2nd round.
|Oct 31, 1950
|Earl Lloyd becomes the first African American to play in the NBA when he debuts for the Washington Capitols
|Apr 17, 1951
|Mickey Mantle makes his Major League debut as the Yankees face the Red Sox in New York. Mantle contributes one hit, one RBI and one run
|Jan 14, 1951
|The Pro Bowl Game returns after a nine year absence. The format is changed and the game features All Stars from each conference. The American Conference defeats the National Conference 28 - 27.
|Mar 2, 1951
|The first NBA All Star Game is played. The East - West match up was played at the Boston Garden with the East coming out on top, 111 - 94
|Apr 30, 1952
|In his last at bat before reporting to Korea as a fighter pilot, Ted Williams hits a game winning two run home run
|Jan 19, 1952
|The New York Yanks franchise is sold back to the league
|Jan 24, 1952
|A group from Dallas purchases the Yanks assets and the Texans are born. However, the owners turn the franchise back in mid-season and the Texans fold at the season's end
|Aug 6, 1953
|Ted Williams is back in a Red Sox uniform after his service in the Korean War
|Jan 23, 1953
|A group out of Baltimore is granted the rights to the former Dallas organization. They are called the Colts
|Mar 18, 1953
|The Boston Braves become the Milwaukee Braves.
|Nov 17, 1953
|The St. Louis Browns become the Baltimore Orioles
|Apr 13, 1954
|Hank Aaron makes his Major League debut. He went 0 for 5 as the Braves fell to the Reds 9 - 8
|May 10, 1954
|The league's first Norris Trophy, awarded to the NHL's top defenseman, goes to Detroit's Red Kelly.
|Oct 1954
|The financially doomed Philadelphia Athletics are sold and will move to Kansas City
|The Baltimore Colts sign free agent Johnny Unitas.
|Apr 17, 1955
|Pittsburgh Pirate rookie Roberto Clemente makes his Major League debut. He goes 1 for 4 as the Dodgers top the Pirates 10 - 3
|Jul 6, 1955
|Sandy Koufax makes his Major League debut at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh. He goes for 4 1/3 innings and gets a no decision.
|Nov 29, 1955
|With the 200th pick in the draft the Green Bay Packers select Bart Starr from the University of Alabama.
|Sep 17, 1955
|Brooks Robinson makes his Major League debut when the Orioles face the Senators. The future Hall of Famer goes 2 for 4 in the Orioles win
|Apr 30, 1956
|The St. Louis Hawks draft Center Bill Russell with the 3rd pick of the draft. The Hawks traded Russell to the Boston Celtics for Ed Macauley and Cliff Hagan
|Apr, 1956
|Bob Pettit, a 2nd year player with the Milwaukee Hawks, wins the league's inaugural Most Valuable Player Award. Pettit averaged 25.7 PPG and 16.2 RPG.
|Dec 13, 1956
|Jackie Robinson is traded from the Dodgers to the Giants. Robinson opts to retire
|Nov 27, 1956
|With the 6th pick of the draft, the Cleveland Browns select Jim Brown from Syracuse University.
|Apr 13, 1957
|The Boston Celtics win their first NBA Championship, defeating the St. Louis Hawks 4 games to 3.
|Oct 8, 1957
|Bobby Hull makes his NHL debut with the Chicago Blackhawks.
|Browns Running Back Jim Brown rushes for a league record 1,527 yards
|Apr 1958
|The Dodgers and Giants begin the 1958 season in their new west coast homes of Los Angeles and San Francisco. In the AL, players are now required to wear batting helmets
|Dec 28, 1958
|The Colts and the Giants play the first sudden death overtime Championship Game. The Colts win it on an Alan Ameche touchdown, 8:15 into OT.
|Apr 9, 1959
|The Boston Celtics win the first of eight consecutive NBA Championships, a record that still stands
|Aug 22, 1959
|A second league is formed and named the American Football League. They will begin play in 1960
|Jan 28, 1959
|Vince Lombardi is named coach of the Green Bay Packers
|Nov 7, 1959
|The Rivalry Begins - Wilt Chamberlain and Bill Russell meet on an NBA court for the first time. The Celtics win the game, 115 - 106. Chamberlain contributes 30 points in the losing effort while Russell has 22 in the win.
|Oct 24, 1959
|Philadelphia Warriors Center Wilt Chamberlain makes his NBA debut in a game against the Knicks. Chamberlain scores 43 points and has 28 rebounds as the Warriors top the Knicks 118 - 109.
|Apr 14, 1960
|The Montreal Canadiens become the first and only NHL team to win five consecutive Stanley Cup Championships in a 4 - 0 win over the Maple Leafs.
|Dec 6, 1960
|Movie star Gene Autry heads a group that is awarded a new AL franchise in Los Angeles. They will be called the Angels
|Jan 28, 1960
|Minnesota and Dallas are granted NFL franchises to begin play in 1961
|Jun 26, 1960
|Cubs rookie Ron Santo makes his Major League debut going 3 for 7 and driving in 5 runs in the Cubs victory over the Pirates
|Mar 13, 1960
|NFL owners vote to approve the transfer of the Chicago Cardinals to St. Louis
|Oct 17, 1960
|The NL votes to admit two new clubs, Houston and New York, in 1962
|Oct 19, 1960
|The former Minneapolis Lakers play their first game as the Los Angeles Lakers, losing to the Cincinnati Royals 140 - 123
|Oct 27, 1960
|The Washington Senators are given permission to move to Minneapolis / St. Paul. A new group is given approval to begin another franchise in Washington and to use the nickname Senators
|Apr 26, 1961
|Yankees Roger Maris and Mickey Mantle both hit home runs, beginning their battle for the single season home run record.
|Dec 31, 1961
|Green Bay wins its first NFL Championship, beating the Giants 37 - 0.
|May 8, 1961
|The New NL franchise is named the Mets
|Oct 1, 1961
|At Yankee Stadium, Roger Maris breaks Babe Ruth's single season home run record when he blasts his 61st HR of the season into the right field stands.
|Apr 1962
|The Houston Colt .45s and the New York Mets begin play
|Mar 14, 1962
|Cincinnati Royals guard Oscar Robertson finishes the season averaging a triple double - 30.8 points / 12.5 rebounds / 11.4 assists. Robertson was, and is, the only player to accomplish this incredible feat.
|Mar 2, 1962
|Wilt Chamberlain scores 100 points in a game at Hershey Sports Arena against the New York Knicks.
|Oct 23, 1962
|The newly relocated San Francisco Warriors - formerly the Philadelphia Warriors - win their first game in their new home on the west coast, defeating the Pistons 140 - 113
|Jim Brown breaks his own single season rushing record when he rushes for 1,863 total yards
|Dec 2, 1963
|With the 129th pick in the draft the Dallas Cowboys select Roger Staubach from Navy.
|Jun 5, 1963
|The NHL holds its first amateur draft. With the first pick Montreal selects Garry Monahan
|Sep 29, 1963
|Stan Musial plays his last professional baseball game
|Dec 1, 1964
|The Houston Colt .45s change their name to the Astros
|Jun 21, 1964
|At Shea Stadium, on Father's Day, the Phillies' Jim Bunning throws a perfect game. The Phillies beat the Mets 6 - 0.
|Nov 7, 1964
|The Milwaukee Braves are given permission to move to Atlanta after the 1965 season
|Jun 30, 1965
|Atlanta is awarded a franchise for the 1966 season
|Sep 3, 1965
|In preparation for their move to Anaheim, the Los Angeles Angels change their name to the California Angels
|Jun 8, 1966
|NFL Commissioner Peter Rozelle announces the merger of the AFL and NFL, effective for the 1970 season. The leagues agree to play an annual World Championship game beginning in January 1967
|Mar 12, 1966
|Bobby Hull becomes the first NHL player to score more than 50 goals in one season
|Nov 1, 1966
|New Orleans is awarded a franchise to begin play in 1967
|Nov 18, 1966
|Sandy Koufax announces his retirement
|Oct 15, 1966
|The Chicago Bulls play their first NBA game, defeating the St. Louis Hawks 104 - 97
|Oct 19, 1966
|Bobby Orr makes his NHL debut in a game against the Red Wings in Boston.
|Sep 3, 1966
|Bobby Orr signs his first NHL contract with the Boston Bruins
|Apr 11, 1967
|Twins 2nd baseman Rod Carew debuts in a game against the Orioles in Baltimore. Carew has two hits in four at bats
|Apr 13, 1967
|Mets rookie pitcher Tom Seaver makes his Major League debut. He lasts 5 innings giving up 6 hits, 2 earned runs and striking out 8.
|Apr 24, 1967
|The Philadelphia 76ers, in their fourth year of existence, win their first NBA Championship defeating the San Francisco Warriors.
|Aug 28, 1967
|Johnny Bench plays in his first Major League game, going 0 for 3 in the Reds 3 - 2 loss to the Phillies
|Dec 1967
|The city of Seattle is awarded a franchise for the 1969 season
|Dec 8, 1967
|The California Seals are renamed the Oakland Seals
|Jan 15, 1967
|The Green Bay Packers represent the NFL and the Kansas City Chiefs represent the AFL in the first annual AFL - NFL World Championship Game. The Packers beat the Chiefs 35 - 10.
|Jun 5, 1967
|The league adds six new franchises - the St. Louis Blues, the California Seals, the Philadelphia Flyers, the Minnesota North Stars, the Pittsburgh Penguins and the Los Angeles Kings.
|Jun 9, 1967
|Reggie Jackson debuts for the KC Athletics, going 0 for 3 as the Athletics beat the Indians 2 - 0
|Oct 13, 1967
|The first game of the now 82 game season is played between the Seattle SuperSonics and the San Francisco Warriors. The Warriors won 144 - 116
|Oct 1967
|The AL approves the A's move to Oakland for the 1969 season
|Apr 9, 1968
|Opening Day is delayed because of the funeral of Martin Luther King, Jr
|Mar 21, 1968
|The new franchise in Kansas City will be named the Royal
|May 27, 1968
|Montreal and San Diego are awarded NL franchises to begin play in 1969
|May 8, 1968
|Oakland A's pitched Catfish Hunter throws a perfect game against the Twins.
|Sep 25, 1968
|Mickey Mantle makes his final appearance in a game at Yankee Stadium
|Apr 8, 1969
|Expansion teams in Montreal, San Diego, Kansas City and Seattle all win their inaugural games
|Jan 12, 1969
|The phrase Super Bowl is recognized by the NFL for the first time. In that Championship game, the Jets beat the Colts 16 - 7.
|Jan 28, 1969
|With the 4th pick in the draft the Pittsburgh Steelers selected Joe Greene from North Texas
|The Milwaukee Brewers Baseball Club purchases the Seattle Pilots and moves them to Milwaukee for the 1970 season. The Pittsburgh Pirates are the first team to wear cotton / nylon jerseys instead of wool flannel
|Apr 5, 1970
|Bobby Orr of the Bruins becomes the first NHL defenseman to win the Art Ross Trophy as the league's top scorer. Orr finished the season with 33 goals and 87 assists
|Jan 27, 1970
|With the first pick in the draft, the Pittsburgh Steelers select Terry Bradshaw from Louisiana Tech University.
|Mar 18, 1970
|Among other rule changes, the league decides to put players' names on the backs of jerseys
|May 22, 1970
|The Oakland Seals become the California Golden Seals.
|May 8, 1970
|Willis Reed leads the New York Knicks to their first NBA Championship. They defeat the Los Angeles Lakers in seven games.
|Oct 10, 1970
|The Buffalo Sabres begin play.
|Oct 9, 1970
|The Vancouver Canucks begin play.
|Sep 10, 1970
|The Super Bowl trophy is renamed the Vince Lombardi trophy.
|Sep 3, 1970
|Vince Lombardi dies of cancer at 57
|Dec 31, 1971
|Another new franchise is awarded, this time it's the New York Islanders
|Jan 24, 1971
|The NFC defeats the AFC in the first AFC - NFL Pro Bowl
|Mar 25, 1971
|The Boston Patriots change their name to the New England Patriots
|Nov 5, 1971
|January 7, 1972 - The Los Angeles Lakers win 33 straight games, establishing a record that stands today
|Nov 9, 1971
|The league announces that is has approved a franchise in Atlanta. They will be called the Flames
|The Atlanta Flames and New York Islanders begin play
|The Texas Rangers, who moved to Arlington from Washington DC, play their first season
|Apr 13, 1972
|The end of the strike is announced and the season is set to resume on April 15
|Apr 7, 1972
|For the first time in history the start of the Major League season is delayed due to a players strike
|Dec 31, 1972
|Roberto Clemente dies when the airplane that is taking him to Nicaragua to assist with hurricane relief crashes
|Feb 1, 1972
|With the 13th pick in the draft the Pittsburgh Steelers selected Franco Harris from Penn State University
|Oct 24, 1972
|Jackie Robinson dies of heart disease at age 53
|Apr 5, 1973
|A uniform numbering system id developed: Quarterbacks / Specialists 1 - 19, 20 - 49 for Running Backs & Defensive Backs, 50 - 59 for Centers and Linebackers, 60 - 79 for Defensive Linemen and Offensive Lineman - not centers - and 80 - 89 for Wide Receivers and Tight Ends
|Apr 24, 1974
|Tampa Bay is awarded a franchise to begin play in 1976
|Apr 4, 1974
|Hank Aaron ties Babe Ruth's career home run record when he hits # 714 in his first at bat of the season
|Apr 8, 1974
|In the 4th inning of the Braves home opener, Hank Aaron hits career home run # 715, becoming Major League Baseball's new home run king.
|Jun 11, 1974
|The Kansas City Scouts and the Washington Capitals are announced as new franchises
|Jun 4, 1974
|Seattle is awarded the league's 28th franchise
|May 19, 1974
|The Philadelphia Flyers become the first expansion team to win the Stanley Cup. They beat the Bruins in six games.
|Jan 28, 1975
|With the 4th pick in the draft the Chicago Bears select Walter Payton from Jackson State.
|Nov 28, 1975
|Fred Lynn becomes the first rookie to win the league MVP Award when he is awarded the AL title
|The Kansas City Scouts move to Colorado and become the Colorado Rockies. The California Golden Seals move to Cleveland, Ohio and become the Cleveland Barons
|Aug 8, 1976
|The Chicago White Sox take the field in shorts for the first game of a double header against the Royals.
|Jul 20, 1976
|Hank Aaron hits his 755th and final home run
|Oct 21, 1976
|The Cincinnati Reds become the first team to go through the League Championship Series and the World Series with no losses
|Apr 1977
|Two new MLB franchises make their debuts - Seattle Mariners and Toronto Blue Jays
|Apr 3, 1977
|The Montreal Canadiens become the first team to win 60 games in a season.
|Jun 5, 1977
|The Portland Trail Blazers, led by Bill Walton, win their first NBA Championship. They defeat Julius Erving and the 76ers in 6 games.
|May 3, 1977
|With the 2nd pick in the draft the Dallas Cowboys select Tony Dorsett from the University of Pittsburgh
|Oct 18, 1977
|Reggie Jackson earns the nickname "Mr. October" when he hits three home runs leading the Yankees to a World Series title.
|Jan 15, 1978
|Dallas defeated Denver in the first indoor Super Bowl. The game was played at the Louisiana Superdome with a final score of 27 - 10.
|Jun 13, 1978
|The league agrees on the merger of the Cleveland Barons and Minnesota North Stars
|Jun 9, 1978
|With the sixth pick in the 1978 draft, the Boston Celtics select Larry Bird, from Indiana State University. However, Bird decides to go back to Indiana State for his Senior year, while the Celtics retain his rights.
|Aug 2, 1979
|Yankees catcher Thurman Munson dies when the plane he is piloting crashes in Ohio
|Aug 9, 1979
|With the 48th pick in the draft, the Edmonton Oilers selected Mark Messier.
|Jan 21, 1979
|The Pittsburgh Steelers become the first team to win 3 Super Bowl when they defeat the Dallas Cowboys 35 - 31
|Jun 22, 1979
|The NHL votes to merge with the WHA. Four teams from the WHA join the NHL - Edmonton Oilers, Winnipeg Jets, Hartford Whalers and Quebec Nordiques
|Jun 24, 1979
|Rickey Henderson makes his Major League debut. The A's face the Rangers, losing the game 5 - 1. Henderson has a single and a double and steals the first base of his Major League career
|Jun 25, 1979
|With the first pick in the 1979 draft, the Los Angeles Lakers select Earvin "Magic" Johnson, from Michigan State University.
|May 3, 1979
|With the 82nd pick in the draft the San Francisco 49ers select Joe Montana from Notre Dame.
|Oct 10, 1979
|Mark Messier and Wayne Gretzky makes their NHL debuts
|Oct 12, 1979
|Larry Bird, Magic Johnson, the Utah Jazz and the 3 point line make their NBA debuts. Bird contributes 14 points to the Celtics 114 - 106 win over the Rockets. Johnson and the Lakers also win with Magic scoring 26 in the 103 - 102 victory over the San Diego Clippers. The Jazz, newly relocated from New Orleans, lose their first game to the Trail Blazers, 101 - 85
|Sep 23, 1979
|Lou Brock steals his 938th and final base of his career.
|Feb 24, 1980
|Wayne Gretzky of the Edmonton Oilers becomes the youngest player in NHL history to score 100 points, prior to his 20th birthday.
|Jan 20, 1980
|The Pittsburgh Steelers become the first team to win 4 Super Bowl when they defeat the Los Angeles Rams 31 - 19.
|Jun 24, 1980
|The Atlanta Flames move to Calgary
|Sep 30, 1980
|Rickey Henderson sets the AL single season stolen base record when he steals his 97th base in a game against the White Sox
|Apr 28, 1981
|With the 2nd pick in the draft the New York Giants select Lawrence Taylor from the University of North Carolina
|Aug 10, 1981
|The season resumes
|Jun 12, 1981
|A strike in Major League baseball begins
|Nov 11, 1981
|Fernando Valenzuela becomes the first rookie to win the Cy Young Award
|Aug 10, 1982
|Cal Ripken Jr. makes his Major League debut. Ripken enters as a pinch runner and scores the winning run in the 12th inning
|Aug 27, 1982
|Rickey Henderson steals four bases in a game against the Brewers, breaking Lou Brock's single season stolen base record of 118.
|May 27, 1982
|The Colorado Rockies become the New Jersey Devils
|May 7, 1982
|The Oakland Raiders get the okay to move to Los Angeles.
|Nov 21, 1982
|Play resumes after the two month strike
|Sep 20, 1982
|The NFL Players Association calls a strike at midnight
|Apr 26, 1983
|With the first pick in the draft, the Baltimore Colts select John Elway from Stanford. With the 13th pick the Buffalo Bills select Jim Kelly from the University of Miami.
|May 16, 1983
|Mets rookie Darryl Strawberry hits his first Major League home run
|Apr 7, 1984
|Dwight Gooden makes his Major League debut, earning a 3 - 2 win for the Mets.
|Aug 21, 1984
|Boston rookie Roger Clemens strikes out 15 and walks none as the Sox beat KC 11 - 1
|Dec 14, 1984
|Eric Dickerson, of the Los Angeles Rams, sets the record for rushing yards in a single season with 2,105 yards.
|Jun 19, 1984
|With the third pick in the NBA Draft, the Chicago Bulls select Michael Jordan, from the University of North Carolina.
|Jun 9, 1984
|With the first pick in the NHL Entry Draft the Pittsburgh Penguins select Mario Lemieux. With the 51st pick, the Montreal Canadiens select Patrick Roy.
|Mar 28, 1984
|The Baltimore Colts relocate in Indianapolis
|May 8, 1984
|Kirby Puckett, of the Minnesota Twins, makes his Major League debut. He hits 4 singles as the Twins top the Angels 5 - 0
|Nov 20, 1984
|Twenty year old Dwight Gooden becomes the youngest ever to win the NL MVP Award
|Apr 30, 1985
|With the 16th pick in the draft the San Francisco 49ers select Jerry Rice from Mississippi Valley State
|Jul 11, 1985
|Nolan Ryan becomes the first pitcher to record 4,000 strikeouts when he fans 11 Mets.
|Apr 20, 1986
|Michael Jordan scores 63 points in a now legendary playoff game against the Boston Celtics.
|Apr 29, 1986
|Roger Clemens strikes out 20 batters, establishing a new single game strikeout record
|Oct 31, 1986
|The NBA logo makes its debut on the jerseys of all 23 teams.
|Sep 2, 1986
|Bo Jackson makes his Major League debut, going 1 for 3 as the Royals are blanked by the White Sox 3 - 0.
|Nov 18, 1987
|Andre Dawson of the Cubs becomes the first player to win the MVP Award while playing for a last place team
|Aug 9, 1988
|The Cubs and Mets play the first official night game at Chicago's Wrigley Field. The Cubs get the win 6 - 4.
|Mar 14, 1988
|The NFL owners approved the Cardinals move from St. Louis to Phoenix for the 1988 season
|Nov 4, 1988
|The Charlotte Hornets make their NBA debut, losing to the Cleveland Cavaliers 133 - 93.
|Nov 5, 1988
|The new franchise in Miami, the Heat, play their first game, losing to the Clippers 111 - 91.
|Sep 23, 1988
|Jose Canseco, of the Oakland Athletics, becomes the first player to hit 40 home runs and steal 40 bases in one season
|Apr 23, 1989
|With the first pick in the draft the Dallas Cowboys select Troy Aikman from UCLA. With the third pick the Detroit Lions select Barry Sanders from Oklahoma State University
|Apr 3, 1989
|Ken Griffey Jr. doubles in his first Major League at bat in his first Major League game.
|Jun 13, 1989
|The Detroit Pistons defeat the Los Angeles Lakers in four games to win the first championship for the Motor City.
|Nov 3, 1989
|Basketball returns to Minnesota as the Timberwolves play their inaugural game. They faced Seattle, losing 106 - 94.
|Nov 4, 1989
|One year after the Heat made their debut, Florida sees another NBA team take the floor as the Orlando Magic debut, losing to the Nets 111 - 106.
|Oct 17, 1989
|San Francisco is hit with a 7.1 magnitude earthquake ½ an hour before Game 3 of the World Series between the Giants and the Athletics. There is minor damage to Candlestick Park, but the city itself sustains serious damage and 67 lives are lost.
|Oct 27, 1989
|The World Series resumes after a 10 day earthquake delay.
|Apr 22, 1990
|With the 17th pick in the draft the Dallas Cowboys select Emmitt Smith from the University of Florida
|Aug 31, 1990
|Ken Griffey Sr and Jr become the first father - son duo to play in the same game as the Mariners beat the Royals 5 - 2.
|The San Jose Sharks begin play
|Dec 16, 1991
|Hockey returns to Ottawa as the Senators come back to the NHL. The Tampa Bay Lightning also join the league
|Jul 1991
|National League owners approve Denver and Miami as the sites for two new teams
|Jun 12, 1991
|Michael Jordan leads the Chicago Bulls to their first NBA Championship. They defeated the Los Angeles Lakers in five games.
|May 1, 1991
|Rickey Henderson, Athletics, steals base # 939, breaking Lou Brock's career stolen base record.
|Jun 24, 1992
|With the first pick of the 1992 NBA draft, the Orlando Magic select Shaquille O'Neal from Louisiana State University.
|The Florida Panthers and the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim make their NHL debuts. The Minnesota North Stars move to Dallas
|Apr 5, 1993
|The Florida Marlins play in their inaugural game, defeating the Dodgers 6 - 3. The Rockies didn't fare as well, losing their debut to the Mets, 3 - 0
|Jun 24, 1993
|Carlton Fisk plays his final game
|Nov 30, 1993
|The league's 30th team is awarded to Jacksonville
|Oct 26, 1993
|NFL owners vote to award a franchise to the Carolina Panthers
|Oct 6, 1993
|Michael Jordan announces his retirement
|Aug 12, 1994
|Major League players go on strike
|Jan 20, 1994
|The NHL season begins
|Jul 9, 1994
|Alex Rodriguez of the Seattle Mariners gets his first two Major League hits
|Jun 22, 1994
|The Houston Rockets win their first NBA title, defeating the Knicks in seven games.
|Mar 23, 1994
|Wayne Gretzky became the NHL's all time leading goal scorer when he scored # 802 in a game against Vancouver.
|Oct, 1994
|The NHL season does not begin as scheduled due to a league wide lockout.
|Sep 14, 1994
|Acting Commissioner Bud Selig cancels the remainder of the season
|The Quebec Nordiques move to Colorado and become the Avalanche. They go on to win the Stanley Cup in their first year.
|Apr 25, 1995
|The strike that started last season finally ends
|Aug 13, 1995
|Baseball legend Mickey Mantle dies at age 63
|Jan 29, 1995
|The San Francisco 49ers become the first team to win five Super Bowls when they defeat the San Diego Chargers 49 - 26.
|Jul 22, 1995
|The Los Angeles Raiders are approved to return to Oakland
|Mar 18, 1995
|Michael Jordan announces his return to the NBA with a two word press release - "I'm back.
|Mar 19, 1995
|Michael Jordan returns to the NBA. In his first game back, the Bulls faced the Pacers in Indiana. Jordan scored 19 points and contributed 6 assists and 6 rebounds as the Pacers defeated the Bulls 103 - 96.
|Mar 1995
|Baseball owners agree to admit two new teams for the 1998 season - Tampa Bay Devil Rays and Arizona Diamondbacks
|Nov 3, 1995
|The NBA arrives in Canada. The Raptors play the first official game in Canada defeating the Nets 94 - 79 at the SkyDome in Toronto. Another Canadian team made its debut on this date. The Vancouver Grizzlies played their first official game in Portland, defeating the Trail Blazers 92 - 80
|Sep 6, 1995
|Cal Ripken Jr. plays in his 2,131st consecutive game, breaking Lou Gehrig's record.
|The Winnipeg Jets are sold and move to Phoenix. A contest winner comes up with the new name, Coyotes
|Apr 21, 1996
|The Chicago Bulls finish the season with a record of 72 - 10, establishing the record for the best single season in the history of the NBA
|Apr 30, 1996
|The league approves the transfer of the Houston Oilers to Nashville
|Feb 8, 1996
|Dave Winfield announces his retirement
|Feb 9, 1996
|Art Modell received permission to move the Browns from Cleveland to Baltimore and to change their name
|Jul 12, 1996
|Kirby Puckett announces that he must retire, due to glaucoma
|Jun 26, 1996
|With the first pick in the 1996 Draft the Philadelphia 76ers select Allen Iverson from Georgetown. With the 13th pick, the Charlotte Hornets select Kobe Bryant from Lower Merion High School
|May 29, 1996
|Derek Jeter goes 0 for 5 in his Major League debut.
|Nov 1, 1996
|In celebration of its 50th Anniversary, the NBA changes their logo to gold on all uniforms, for the duration of the 1996 - 97 season.
|Nov 19, 1996
|The California Angels become the Anaheim Angles
|May 6, 1997
|An announcement is made that the Hartford Whalers are moving to Carolina and will now be named the Hurricanes
|Oct 26, 1997
|The Florida Marlins become the fastest team to win the World Series when they win the title five years after their debut
|The Nashville Predators begin play
|Jun 14, 1998
|The Chicago Bulls win their sixth NBA title and Michael Jordan plays his final game in a Bulls uniform.
|Sep 20, 1998
|Prior to the star of a game against the Yankees, Cal Ripken Jr., removes himself from the lineup, ending his consecutive game streak at 2,632
|Sep 8, 1998
|Mark McGwire breaks Lou Gehrig's single season Home run record when he hits his 62nd of the season.
|The Atlanta Thrashers begin play
|Aug 9, 1999
|The Cleveland Browns make their return when they face the Cowboys in the annual Hall of Fame Game in Canton, Ohio
|Jun 25, 1999
|The San Antonio Spurs win the first title in franchise history defeating the New York Knicks 4 games to 1.
|Mar 8, 1999
|Joe DiMaggio dies at the age of 84
|Oct 30, 2002
|After relocating from Charlotte, the New Orleans Hornets make their debut in the Crescent City beating the Jazz 100 - 75
|Jun 20, 2006
|The Miami Heat win their first NBA Championship, defeating the Dallas Mavericks in six games.


text:
Visa Europe has notified mobile banking software provider Monitise that it plans to sell its shares in the firm.
It is another blow for the British firm, which is currently in the midst of a business transformation programme as it attempts to return to profitability through a shift to cloud-based revenues.
The payments firm had reportedly been considering selling its stake in Monitise since last year.
Visa Europe has been a shareholder in the UK firm since October 2011. It currently holds 115,750,000 shares in Monitse, equal to a 5.3 percent stake in the company.
Monitise said in a statement that it will continue to work with Visa Europe on a "number of projects and services" as part of a three-year agreement that continues to 2016.
However, the share sale casts doubts over a longer standing relationship between the two companies.
Monitise said both parties will "assess on an ongoing basis opportunities to work together in future" following the end of the three-year commercial agreement.
Last year a number of staff joined the Monitise from Visa Inc, including CEO Elizabeth Buse, who replaced co-founder Alistair Lukies as he stepped down from his role earlier this year.
It has also partnered with IBM to support Visa Europe's mobile payment business.
Earlier this week, the company issued a profit warning in its full year financial results, with revenues expected to be lower than previously expected.
However, the company has shown signs of a revival, bagging a deal with Société Générale in May, and securing a multi-million pound payment through a fintech investment venture with Santander earlier this month.


text:
Movie Review: "The Three Stooges"
"The Three Stooges" (20th Century Fox)
When I entered the theater to review "The Three Stooges" I was convinced I was going to be bored to tears. I have never been a fan of the Three Stooges brand of comedy and didn't think this movie was going to change my attitude. Just the thought of all the slapstick routines I was going to have to endure made me a bit nauseous. So for the first fifteen minutes or so of the movie I was very uncomfortable.
It was about the time that the three guys – Larry (Sean Hayes), Curly (Will Sasso) and Moe (Chris Diamantopoulos) – headed to the city (Atlanta) to try to raise funds to save the orphanage in which they were raised, that I began to convert to their side. Each additional scene totally won me over.
It was something about the purity of their mission and the simple ways in which they addressed any conflict that put me on their side. Now that's not to say I would race to see a "Stooges" sequel but I probably would enjoy the next one more because of the simplicity of this original.
The casting people had a major endeavor on their hands because of the country's familiarity with the original Larry, Curly and Moe. They had to find actors who could be made to look like the originals and also do the physical requirements of each role. They hit pay dirt when they located Hayes, Diamantopoulos and Sasso. These guys virtually become "The Three Stooges."
The supporting cast is also a real plus. Jane Lynch is cast against type as the kindly Mother Superior. Jennifer Hudson uses her magical voice as Sister Rosemary. Sofia Vergara is a comic wonder as a woman who wants to get rid of her husband and will pay the Stooges to get it done. Larry David is a bolt out of the blue as Sister Mary Mengele.
The movie is rated PG for comic violence.
'The Three Stooges" is a movie the entire family can enjoy, especially if they enjoy the eye gouges, the nyuk nyuks, the open handed slaps and the other forms of physical comedy. Thankfully there is a public message of sorts at the end that tells kids not to try this "humorous violence" at home.
You might think this movie would be one to avoid but by the time these three stooges finish telling their tale you will at least be mildly amused, and maybe even more so. I was a skeptic going in, but came out a real supporter.
I scored "The Three Stooges" a slapped and gouged 7 out of 10.
Photo courtesy of: 20th Century Fox
For more reviews visit: www.jackiekcooper.com


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The world of the status quo gets trashed before our very eyes, turning the world of Hamlet upside down, inside out, and bass-ackward. Leave your expectations at the door as the actor playing Hamlet encounters his digital doppelganger in Müller's deconstruction of modern reality. An Interactive Performance Laboratory production featuring interactive 3D computer animation, supported in part by a grant from the University of Georgia's Ideas for Creative Exploration.
'Tis a Pretentious Stew, Devoutly to be Missedby Dedalus
Wednesday, March 21, 2007
This is another already-closed production in 7 Stages "March Madness" series. Again, I had to debate posting this, chiefly because it was performed by UGA Theatre Majors just starting their careers, and I don't want to discourage them. The fact is, I hated, hated, hated this play, and I'd be hard-pressed to write an analysis that doesn't include a few rants or vents. But there is some stuff here I think deserves discussion, even if you missed the play (or resent my criticizing it).
To begin with, the urge was very strong to give this a "0" star rating (I disliked it that much). Two things pushed my rating up a couple notches. First, I recognized my own college pretensions in this production. When I was the age of these actors, I too confused obscurity with depth, cleverness with substance, and intensity with commitment. As much as I hated the show, I saw potential in all the actors, a willingness to go out on a limb for a project they obviously believed in. To criticize them for stuff I was just as guilty of … well, let's just say that my own cognitive dissonance won't let me give my youthful predilections a "0" rating. It wouldn't be fair to rate them more harshly.
Secondly, the show ends with a truly incredible and theatrical image – an actress bound to a wheelchair with strips that were then taken to all sides of theatre behind the audience. The resulting image of straight line bindings all focused on a wheelchair-bound actress was, to say the least, compelling. Whether or not it invoked the idea or emotion planned is another story altogether.
As background, "Hamletmachine" is the work of German philosopher/playwright Heiner Muller. Following the suicide of his wife, he spent thirty years developing this work, a stream-of-consciousness meditation on life, death, politics, oppression, sex, love, Hamlet, technology and obsession. The script is reportedly only five pages long, leaving each production free to indulge its own subconscious dreams and whims. 7 Stages director Del Hamilton collaborated with the UGA theatre department to create this production, which clocks in at a seemingly endless 80 minutes.
Let me touch on a few topics that merit discussion.
First, though I'm normally open to "Stream-of-Consciousness" narrative, in this case, I found the psychological basis for it artificial and unconvincing. When it works for me, it's because it opens a window into character traditional narrative fails to do. It shows how that character's mind associates, how it creates images, how the very randomness of chaotic thought gives us more information than a traditional plotline could. In this case, however, the subconscious on display is the playwright's, not the character's. "Hamlet" here is a tool, a mouthpiece for Muller's ideological pronouncements (here given the gravitas of an "I'm-Revealing-to-you-the-TRUTH" deity). The chracters all have little (or no) similarity to their "Hamlet" analogs, and have little or no apparent character of their own. A more experienced cast may have given them individuality, even within the context of Muller's vignettes. Here, though, it doesn't happen. Here, it seems the actors go through each sequence, showing no character, showing no connection to the admittedly random events happening around them.
Not to be flippant, but I blame it on Jung. The program notes acknowledge Jung as an influence on Muller's philosophy and vision. I've often found the archetypes and subconscious analyses of Jung to be prone to cliché and stereotype. It's not about what makes the characters different, but what makes them the same. Theatre, even Stream-Of-Consciousness theatre, is best (in my mind), when it's the differences that are manifest. It's why we're spending our time with these characters, characters who hopefully surprise us. To a Jungian, there should be no surprise. I have no background in psychology, so I suspect I'm oversimplifying this (or even getting it dead wrong). But to me, Stream-of-Consciousness writing before Jung (Joyce, Woolfe, Rimbaud, for example), is so much more compelling (and believable), than writers who are "influenced by Jung."
Next, I found especially unconvincing the Video-Hamlet. Program notes, tell us this is the inactive part of Hamlet, a subconscious projection of his entropy. Leaving aside that the video construct is a bland and featureless computer simulacrum, he (it?) does little except sit and stare. Inactivity, yes. Meaning (or even an enlightenment of Hamlet), no. It soon became an irritating and pretentious distraction.
The use of a slide projector to beam images onto actors and wig heads was also pointless and badly planned. When the show stops dead so someone can focus the projector (or even direct other actors by name to move the wig head left ot right or up or down) is not an expression of subconscious imagery – it's just bad stagecraft.
And, regarding those images – Marx, Lenin, and Mao as exemplars of those who fight "oppression of the innocent?" If it were meant ironically, I'd buy it, but here it's dead(ly) serious – even if Muller meant it ironically, this production believes it with all its heart and soul.
Add to this, too easy references and too cliched rants (Television spews "nausea", Gandhi and King as innocents trampled by oppression, Cola Cola as a soul-sucking evil) that we've seen before again and again and again. We get it! Cola is bad and fighting oppression is good. Why are you wasting time in your five-page script on this?
So, because I've run on long enough, let me summarize. "Hamletmachine" was a pretentious piece of intellectual masturbation. It thinks it's saying something profund about mankind and life and death, but it is merely regurgitating old cliches, old stereotypes, and bland, highly forgettable dialog that's artificially given the weight and importance of Revelations from on High. It was tedious, it was irritating, and it had the depth of a late-night dormroom debate.
I devoutly wish I had missed it.
-- Brad Rudy (email@example.com)
Note: If a five-page script takes over thirty years to write, wouldn't that be a sorta kinda indication that there is something not very substantial at its core, that the passion of the writer is coming from a need to be clever rather than from the subconscious, that changes just make it different and not better? Just a thought …
Hey Brad by Parrott65 You know, with all of the reviews you put in, I'm beginning to wonder if you actually have a life. You must live in the theatre, hehehe. Hey Parrott by Dedalus If this ain't livin', call the undertaker now! :-)!!
-- Brad by Sweet Babboo This is what he does when he tells me he's cleaning out the gutters...I can't complain too much compared to what he MIGHT be doing.
Mrs. Dedalus Ohhhhhhh by Parrott65 He's married. That explains it!!!! Hehehehe, just kidding. Explains What? by Dedalus I don't understand. Are you somehow implying that, because there's a wife at home, being at a play is a better option.
Parrott, Parrott, Parrott!
You're forgetting that I'm married to a lovely and talented Sweet Babboo. Nine Years and Still Honeymooning! (If you're confused about what that means, imagine a hand that never cramps.) What a concept!
And, of course, we'll (or at least I'll) be seeing three plays this weekend, so there'll probably be three more reviews next week.
Between me and you, it just doesn't get any better than this!
Have a nice weekend!
-- Brad (spouse of Babboo) Brad Rocks! by one mans' opinion I am not much for the commentary, as I have never commented before. But please Parrott and everyone else - Do go after Brad. You should be grateful he is here.
For someone to be as passionate as Brad to see the number of plays that he does is amazing.
The fact that he is able to continue to give even-handed, educated, entertaining and thoughtful reviews without showing any signs of becoming jaded or taking the experience of live theatre for granted is truly remarkable.
Friends, if there were more Brad Rudy's in the world live theatre would be a much better paying profession.
I know as a person with limited time and income these reviews are a valuable insight.
I think he should be congratulated not ridiculed.
But that is just, One Mans' Opinion.
Nobody's ridiculing him by Okely Dokely They're just having a little fun. Yeah it's all in fun and humor by Parrott65 Brad, Mrs. Brad, and I are just having a couple of joking jabs at each other. We're just having some friendly fun. Anyone that knows me enough knows I'm a theatre junkie myself :) Ammended Comments by Dedalus I closed this review rather harshly, mostly to let off some steam and to be oh-so-clever with my "Devoutly to be missed" "Hamlet" allusion. In truth, as I said at the start, I do have a bit of affection for the production -- It didn't so much remind me of my own pretentious college days as let me vicariously relive them. Who doesn't enjoy that! And that final image was astounding (would that it carried any relevant subtext or emotional weight).
In any case, and to digress, thank you so much for your kind words, One-Man's-Opinion. Reading that really made my day last Friday. For record, I did take Parrot's comments as good-natured ribbing, but then, I'm told I can be rather clueless at recognizing an insult when it comes my way. :-)
Have a great week, everybody!
-- Brad


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