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by Derryl Hermanutz
Digital Money
The whole world already uses a globally-integrated digital money system: bank deposits. We pay each other bank deposits by check, wire transfer (direct deposit), online banking, debit card, etc; within the central/commercial bank-operated payments system of debiting payments out of payers' bank deposit account balances and crediting the payments into payees' bank deposit account balances.
The users - payers, payees, and banks - already have a secure record of all transactions. We can see our transactions by looking at our bank account statement online, and we can make a paper printout.
We can even convert our bank deposit account balances into cash withdrawals (at ATMs or bank teller windows), to hold spendable money outside the banking system. But only about 3-5% of our total money supply is physical currency (banknotes and coins: cash money). 95-97% of all money is bank deposits: the spendable, savable deposit account balances in our commercial bank accounts; and the investible cash account balances in our shadow bank accounts (brokerage accounts, investment bank accounts, hedge fund accounts, etc).
Bank deposits are electronic digits in banking system accounting software, that can be instantaneously paid by a payer anywhere on Earth, to a payee anywhere else on Earth, within the bank-operated electronic payments system. Bank encryption technology is secure enough that hacks are rare.
Electronic bank deposits are overwhelmingly our main form of payments money; our main form of savings money; and our main form of investible capital.
Who Should Create and Allocate Money?
Are bitcoin advocates assuming that the world's present money system is physical cash money, and encrypted "digital money" that can be spent electronically is a revolutionary new concept? If so, then they don't understand our present money system.
The problem is not creating an electronic form of money. The banking system has already done that. The problem is, Who creates and allocates the money?
Bank deposits are credit-debt instruments that commercial bank create to "fund" their bank loans and bond purchases.
Commercial banks create bank deposits (the deposit account money supply) in debtors' bank deposit accounts: by making loans of bank deposits to private sector debtors and by purchasing securities (interest-bearing Treasury bills, notes, bonds: government bond debts) from government debtors.
Debtors' interest-bearing loan account and bond debts are banks' interest-earning assets.
Commercial banks issue deposit liabilities (bank deposits) to "pay for" the banks' purchases of those interest-earning debt-assets.
We use commercial banks' deposit liability debts as our main form of money.
Commercial banks create bank deposits "by typing": by typing spendable numbers (bank deposits) into the Credits column of debtors' bank deposit accounts.
Credit as Money Creation
Making a bank loan (or bond purchase) creates a linked pair of credits/debts: a new spendable deposit account credit balance (e.g. +$1000) and an equal new interest-bearing loan account debt balance (-$1000) in the debtor's bank deposit and bank loan accounts.
Debtors spend their new bank loans and bond sale proceeds. Debtors pay the new bank deposits to payees within the bank-operated payments system.
Repaying a bank loan un-creates - extinguishes: cancels out to $0/$0 - the deposit account credit balance (+$1000) and the loan account debt balance (-$1000) that were created by making the bank loan (or bond purchase).
The deposit account money supply only exists so long as debtors' loan account and bond debts remain unpaid.
Bank deposits are a debt-based form of money. Commercial banks - issuers of the bank deposits - "own" all the bank deposits that they issued as "loans". All bank deposits are owed back to the creditor-banks that created them, as payment of the debtors' loan account debt balances and bond debts.
Limitation of Debt-Based Money
A debt-based money supply creation system cannot accommodate payees "keeping the money": saving the bank deposits in our commercial bank savings accounts; and transferring the bank deposits into our shadow bank accounts as our investible capital. Savers' savings, and investors' capital, are the same bank deposits that debtors owe back. As long as payees keep the bank deposits as our savings and capital - rather than spending them into the economy's buy-sell, spend-earn, payer-payee money stream - debtors can't earn them back, so debtors can't pay their debts.
So creditor-banks can't collect their earning assets (the debtors' loan principal and interest payments); so debtor-banks can't pay their deposit liability debts. So our bank deposit account balances no longer work as 'money'. And the commercial banks' "bank loan and bond purchase" deposit account credit/debt money supply creation system descends into financial crisis: a crisis of creditors' uncollectible money assets (credit balances) that are owed as debtors' unpayable money money liabilities (debt balances).
The solution to the savings problem in the commercial banks' deposit account money supply creation system - a problem that monetary system reformers have recognized for at least the past century - is government/central bank issuance of debt-free money to supplement (or replace) commercial bank-issued credit-debt money.
Bitcoins and Gold
Bitcoins, like physical gold, are "mined". The miners don't "create" the money by typing numbers into bank accounts. The miners "produce" the money by working at mining. The mine-owners own the mine, and own all the money that it produces. Bitcoins and gold are debt-free money: the miners don't owe the money "back" to the mine. But the mine-owners who own the mine and the money it produces, get to spend the money. Once the miners have spent the money buying something or paying somebody, the money exists in "the economy".
Financial Governance of the Economy
Paying money can buy ownership of anything on Earth that can be bought-sold for money, which is pretty much everything. By offering to pay (enough) money, you can motivate people to do, make, build, produce, pretty much anything that is within human power to do. The power to create and allocate money is the power to decide "who" will be provided with how much money, for what purposes.
Money issuance (money creation and allocation) is financial governance of the economy: the power to decide who will be able to buy whatever is for sale; the power to decide what will be built or made, and what will not; the power to decide who will be able to command human action by offering to pay people money for doing stuff.
Within the present system, commercial banks exercise financial governance by issuing the deposit account money supply. But the system doesn't work, because payees have all the money, and debtors owe it all back. The system only appears to work as long as total credit/debt continues increasing at a fast enough rate; so old debtors can earn and extinguish (pay back) some of the new bank deposits that are created and loaned and borrowed and spent.
Under a metal (gold and silver coins) money system, miners would exercise financial governance by producing all the money. But money metals are in short supply, so people hoard (save) gold and silver rather than spend or invest it. Metal money fails at money's primary purpose: as a payments media, to pay for the stuff we buy, and to get paid for the stuff we sell.
Under a government/central bank debt-free money supply issuance system, the government would exercise financial governance.
Who or what exercises financial governance under a bitcoin/blockchain money system? And how will bitcoin solve the problem of hoarding the money that becomes increasingly valuable, rather than being readily spent to enable the buy-sell economy to continue functioning?
These are the questions that will define the ultimate value of cryptocurrencies like bitcoin.


text: AMSURG center leader, Andrew Weiss,Endo Center at Voorhees, was featured in Becker's ASC Review discussing tactics used to cut four of the top costs at endoscopy centers. The four costs discussed were staffing, benefits, supplies and repairs. "Know your regulations and make a good comparison before you make any drastic changes," Weiss said, in regards to staffing. Full Story

subset: commoncrawl


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Security risk analysis world:
|Directory of information for security risk analysis and risk assessment
COBRA, or 'Consultative, Objective and Bi-functional Risk Analysis', consists of a range of risk analysis, consultative and security review tools. These were developed largely in recognition of the changing nature of IT and security, and the demands placed by business upon these areas.
The first such undercurrent of change was the growing acceptance that IT security was a business issue. It was, and is, becoming largely expected that security reviews should be business related, with cost justified solutions and recommendations.
Another issue, very much of the late 90s, is the search by many organisations for a better and more visible return on their security budgets. To achieve this many adopt new approaches to the traditional constraints of lack of expertise, time and finance.
Often, a formal risk analysis technique is employed. However, conventional methods and tools simply do not address the new demands placed by business management. Some go part of the way, but tend to introduce their own drawbacks and difficulties.
COBRA, and its default methodology, evolved very much to tackle these issues properly. It was developed in full co-operation with one of the world's major financial institutions and followed many years of research.
It was recognised that business users should be involved from the outset. This carries a number of advantages, and shapes the entire review. In addition, a number of other radical departures were called for.
The result was a risk analysis methodology and tool that will meet the most stringent of requirements, fully satisfying the changing demands placed upon the security or audit team.
This site will outline the main features of COBRA, as well as providing some background into security risk analysis itself.
Copyright © 2003 C & A Security Risk Analysis Group


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Today I attended TechMedia Raleigh Internet Summit. In the morning, there was a Pre-Conference Intensive called Social Media: Advanced. I helped Joanna Wolfe, with TechMedia, volunteering my time during registration. It was wonderful to meet AnnaBevan, Barbara, and Lindsay.
In the Social Media class I met Sarah Kennedy of Fast Lane and DeSheila Spann of Eaton. A special thanks to Leigh Morrison of Plaid Skirt for taking the photo.
During this session we learned Creativity Equalizes Big Budget. You don't have to have a huge budget for social media to compete against larger companies. As long as you produce creative content and get fan activation, your audience will share it and talk about you.
Before the next session I met Martin Smith of AtlanticBT and Andrea Moe of Sage Business Solutions. We all spoke about companies, even B2B, need to have a Facebook presence.
The next session was from Cara Rousseau with Duke University. Even though her presentation was about an educational establishment, businesses could have many take-aways. Know your voice. Be educational or be entertaining to get the most fan engagement.
Solve Problems.
This tip is what I preach to my clients. Creating content to solve someone's problem will position you to be a thought leader and authority in your field, NO MATTER what that field it!
Cara talked about brand ambassadors. I interviewed Kate Keck to discuss how to obtain brand ambassadors and really utilized them. She graduated from college recently and was a brand ambassador on campus for two products. This was a great interview.
I ran into Adrienne Lumpkin of Alternate Access. She and I met years ago at NAWBO. Her question during the session was about using Facebook, Twitter, and Linked In for B2B businesses. The speaker was more knowledgeable in B2C social media campaigns. My suggestion to her is having a presence on all but having a purpose. The fans and followers do not want to see the same content on each platform. Linked In has its limitations; however, positioning yourself as an authority using the Answers section and joining groups will increase its effectiveness.
Helen Hobson of UPtimizm helps large companies implement their content strategy. She does what I do but in larger companies. Great to meet her.
Michael Gaudet is a Green Technology Sales and Consulting Rep. He also volunteered with me. Jack Dietrich is the founder of Tag Seats. Now this is an interesting new business. With his platform, you can "tag" your seat at a sporting event or concert to let your friends know where you are sitting. They can purchase seats near you. Of you can see where your friends are sitting so when you are purchasing your seats, you can be near them. It's a social platform that allows you to post status updates and tweet to your friends and followers where you will be.
At the end of the day, I met Kim Williams. He is a client service manager for BEM Group in Greensboro.
Suzanne Messina, writer, and I worked together while setting up for the event. Really enjoyed chatting and getting to know her.
Looking forward to another exciting day tomorrow. If you are interested in learning how you can create content for your business that will drive traffic to your site for more leads, please contact me.


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Flowmaster American Thunder Header-back Exhaust System
Fits 1968-1972 GM A-Body with V8 engine. 2.50" Stainless Steel Pipes.
PART# 817409Be the first to write a review
$692.95 Suggested Retail
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For the person who is looking for a complete Header-back dual exhaust system with an aggressive tone. With easy fit in mind, these systems are mandrel bent for maximum performance and include specially selected mufflers. American Thunder systems deliver a moderate to aggressive interior and exterior tone and are suited to the enthusiast who wants their performance to be heard. Like all Flowmaster systems, the benefits include improved throttle response, power and mileage. Designed for an easy fit, these systems include all necessary parts and hardware for easy installation.
- H-pipe Crossover for Maximum Power and Deep Tone
- Super 40 Series Mufflers for Deep Powerful Sound
- Mandrel-bent 16-gauge Stainless Steel Tubing
- Includes Hangers and Hardware for Installation
- Moderate to Aggressive Exterior Exhaust Tone
- Header-back True Dual Exhaust System
- Does Not Include Header Reducers
- Lifetime Limited Warranty
|California Proposition 65 Chemical Name
|Chromium (hexavalent compounds)
|Nickel (Metallic)
|California Proposition 65 Required
|Emission Code
|Exhaust Series
|American Thunder
|Exit Position
|Dual Out Rear
|Heat Shield
|Inlet Diameter (in)
|Stainless Steel
|Muffler Part Number
|Kit Only
|Muffler Quantity
|Muffler Series
|Super 40 Series
|Outlet Diameter (in)
|Product Type
|Exhaust System
|Single Dual
|Sound Level
|Aggressive Sound
|System Type
|Tip Quantity
|Not Included
|Tubing Diameter (in)
|Type of Exhaust
|Part Number
This part is legal for sale and use on Uncontrolled (Non-Emissions Controlled) Vehicles and Racing Use Only Vehicles.
The following vehicles are considered Uncontrolled (Non-Emissions Controlled) Vehicles:
- 1965 and older U.S. manufactured California Certified vehicles
- 1967 and older U.S. manufactured Federally Certified vehicles
- 1967 and older Foreign manufactured vehicle
The following vehicles are considered Racing Use Only Vehicles:
- Racing Use Only Vehicles are vehicles that are used exclusively for competition and that are not registered and that may never be used on the street
WARNING: It is against the law to install this part on an Emissions Controlled Vehicle
The following vehicles are considered Emissions Controlled Vehicles:
- 1966 and newer U.S. manufactured California Certified vehicles
- 1968 and newer U.S. manufactured Federally Certified vehicles
- 1968 and newer Foreign manufactured vehicle
Tech Resources
*Free Shipping & Handling only offered to the contiguous US on orders over $100, excludes clearance parts and oversized packages.
Some parts are not legal for use in California or other states with similar regulations.


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Free online ACCA study materials, lectures and support for ACCA Financial Reporting (FR) Exam
OpenTuition provides the study resources you need to enable you to pass Financial Reporting (FR) – all free of charge.
Explore below all the Financial Reporting study materials that are available
Free Financial Reporting notes
OpenTuition lecture notes are used regularly by thousand of students and many colleges worldwide. To fully benefit from these notes you should watch our free Financial Reporting lectures.
Login, download and print OpenTuition Financial Reporting lecture notes.
Note: Practice is vital and you should therefore purchase a current edition of a Revision kit from one of the ACCA approved publishers
Free Financial Reporting lectures
Our free lectures are a complete course for ACCA Paper FR and cover everything needed to be able to pass the exam well.
To fully benefit from our free FR lectures you must also use our free lecture notes while watching the lectures.
Watch all Financial Reporting lectures
Start with the Introduction to the ACCA Financial Reporting (FR) Exam
See also: ACCA FR Revision lectures >>
ACCA FR Practice Questions
Every time you have finished studying a chapter of our Financial Reporting lecture notes, you should come on-line and take a quick test
Financial Reporting (FR) Tests Index
ACCA FR Flashcards
Practice key terms and concepts using our FR flashcards!
150 Financial Reporting Flashcards are available
ACCA FR Revision Mock Exam
Check how well prepared you are for the FR Exam, and take our interactive, computer based Revision FR Exam. The questions are taken at random from a large bank of questions, so every time you attempt the exam you are likely to get different questions.
To benefit the most from this Mock exam, please turn off all distractions and sit it under real exam conditions.
ACCA Financial Reporting FR Exam resources
CBE Financial Reporting specimen exams | PDF specimen exam ACCA FR
CBE Past exams – Financial Reporting | PDF ACCA FR Past exams
Financial Reporting (FR) Technical articles (All technical articles listed as F7 can be used for studying FR)


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The University of St. Augustine, under the guidelines of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and 504 federal legislation, is required to make reasonable accommodations to the known physical and mental limitations of otherwise qualified individuals with disabilities.
To help provide the best possible service to students, staff and faculty, the University of St. Augustine has a Director of Disability Services. The responsibilities of this individual include: review of student requests for accommodation, recommendation on all accommodations, faculty and staff education, overseeing access issues and serving as a general liaison to students with disabilities and the university staff and faculty.
In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, this university is dedicated to providing alternative learning and test-taking strategies to any student with a need. All students are advised to review the University's Essential Functions. A Reasonable Accommodation Request Form (located on the MyUSA Student Portal) and all supporting documentation must be submitted to the Director of Disability Services at [email protected].


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General Safety
General Safety Precautions
Keep all essential oils out of reach of children and pets.
Do not use or recommend the use of photosensitizing essential oils prior to going into a sun tanning booth or the sun. Recommend that the client stay out of the sun or sun tanning booth for at least twenty-four hours after treatment if photosensitizing essential oils were applied to the skin.
Avoid prolonged use of the same essential oils unless they are being used under the guidance of a qualified health professional.
Avoid the use of essential oils you know nothing about on your clients. Research and get to know the oil prior to using it on others.
Avoid the use of undiluted essential oils on the skin, unless otherwise indicated.
If you suspect your client may be sensitive to specific essential oils or if your client has known allergies or sensitivities, it may be wise to perform a skin patch test.
Know the safety data on each essential oil and place into context of use and knowledge.
Use caution when treating a female client who suspects she is pregnant or has been trying to become pregnant.
Keep essential oils away from the eyes.
Essential oils are highly flammable substances and should be kept away from direct contact with flames, such as candles, fire, matches, cigarettes, and gas cookers.17
Make sure your treatment room has good ventilation.
Do not use essential oils internally unless properly trained in the safety issues of doing so. Please visit NAHA's approved schools to explore education in aromatherapy.
Safety Measures
If essential oil droplets accidentally get into the eye (or eyes) a cotton cloth or similar should be imbued with a fatty oil, such as olive or sesame, and carefully swiped over the closed lid.18 And / Or, Immediately flush the eyes with cool water.
If an essential oil causes dermal irritation, apply a small amount of vegetable oil or cream to the area affected and discontinue use of essential oil or product that has caused dermal irritation.
If a child appears to have drunk several spoonfuls of essential oil, contact the nearest poison control unit (often listed in the front of a telephone directory). Keep the bottle for identification and encourage the child to drink whole or 2% milk. Do not try to induce vomiting.19
Safety for Animals
For information on how to be safe when using aromatherapy with your animals, download Aromatherapy for Animals


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Looking for wider shoe styles and fits? Discover our collection of comfortable yet stylish options, from classic courts to trending block-heels in pastel hues.
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Nothing strikes fear into the hearts of moms quite like the threat of these creepy-crawly creatures. Just in time for back-to-school season, a super strain of resistant head lice is making its way into the scalps of kids in the majority of states across the country. But before you start scratching uncontrollably, there's a bit of good news.
While these insidious pests have become impervious to pyrethroids and pyrethrins -- the active ingredients in popular over-the-counter remedies (talk about survival of the grossest!) -- new prescription treatments are reportedly more effective than ever.
More from CafeMom: 15 Back-to-School Lunch Box Hacks Every Mom Needs in Her Life
This news comes just in time as 100 percent of lice tested in 42 out of 48 states had evolved to the point that treating them with those familiar remedies was far less effective in killing them.
Amesh A. Adalja, MD, FIDSA, FACP, a board-certified infectious disease physician at the University of Pittsburgh, explains what's going on and what parents can do to fight these critters.
"Over-the-counter treatments for head lice are based on pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids, compounds to which there has been increasing rates of resistance," Adalja notes. "Prescription therapies, based on alternative compounds, are more effective in the face of this type of resistance."
But what if you're a parent who doesn't want to put chemicals on your child's head to solve the problem? If you fall into that category, it's good to know that places like Lice Knowing You, a lice removal service with eight clinics in four states, exist. Nancy Gordon, chief executive officer of the company, says while these resistant lice are getting a lot of attention lately, they've been around for at least a decade. Even in light of that, Gordon still advocates for a more natural treatment.
"Consumers should arm themselves with the professional lice comb and focus on the removal of every louse and nit," she explains. "Once your lice problem is cured, focus on checking your kids once a week going forward. Our motto at Lice Knowing You is 'once a week sneak a peek.' If you're checking your kids regularly, if they happen to catch a bug you can just remove it immediately. Lice are spread through head-to-head contact. It takes seven to 10 days for the eggs to hatch and nine to 12 days for the baby bags to turn into full adults capable of laying eggs. Trust me, if there was a magical way to get rid of head lice we'd all be jumping on the bandwagon."
More from CafeMom: 12 Natural Parenting Myths That Are Just Plain Not True
While there's nothing fun about dealing with a lice problem, it's good to know there are solutions out there and that vigilance is perhaps your best offense.
Image via Littlekidmoment/Shutterstock


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If you haven't watched Stranger Things on Netflix yet, now's the time. The show has already won over audiences across the globe and won some awards, too. Its second season is set to premier on Halloween of this year and people are already obsessed about its trailer.
As much of the plot revolves around physics, we thought we'd look at the reality behind some of its points.
Yes, There Are Alternate Dimensions
We've talked about Stranger Things and alternate dimensions before. The version in the show is more fiction than accepted theory, but the truth is that there are almost certainly alternate dimensions to our own.
What that would mean, exactly, is a bit harder to explain. In simplest terms, our minds recognize three dimensions of space. Again, we're simplifying here, but think about how there is length, height and width to every object. Now imagine there was a fourth way of measuring it. Or a fifth. Or a sixth.
Ergo, there could be another dimension to ours that we're simply unaware of because we have limited senses. There could be thousands of them.
Alternate Dimensions and Parallel Universes Aren't the Same Thing
That being said, one thing that Stranger Things gets wrong is that alternate dimensions and parallel universes aren't the same thing. In the show, these terms are sometimes used interchangeably.
A parallel universe is pretty much what it sounds like and usually what people mean when they refer to alternate dimensions.
Imagine that, somewhere, there is another universe and in that universe, you exist. However, you're slightly different. That "you" is the result of a different decision you made along the way. Maybe it was whom you married or if/where you moved after school.
You couldn't travel there, though, at least not in the traditional sense. This alternate "you" is somewhere we most likely can't get to by only understanding the three dimensions we currently understand.
It Takes an Insane Amount of Energy to Study Parallel Universes
While laymen call them "parallel universes", most physicists would be more comfortable referring to them as brane-worlds. This is a kind of shorthand (yes, even physicists use slang) for "membrane", a reference to the idea that the universe we can see is akin to a membrane that is connected to a web of other dimensions.
Imagine the walls that separate two apartments. Each wall is its own universe (or branes). Between them is a thick, thick layer of insulation.
Using the flea from the tightrope analogy in Stranger Things, you can imagine that the flea is able to walk along a wall just fine. The other wall, though – the other universe – is not accessible to the flea. Even if it started chewing away at the paint and then the wood, there would still be the impossible problem of all that insulation for the flea to deal with.
A solution would come in the way of a massive amount of force. If the flea somehow was able to operate a power drill, it could take aim and plow right through the wall and insulation.
If an earthquake hit, the walls may even slam together, with the soft insulation no longer being enough to keep the two apart.
Again, the science teacher in Stranger Things, Mr. Clarke, references this when he talks about the massive amount of energy that would be needed to move from one universe to another. That's what we find out is happening in the Hawkins Electric Plant.
This may be an explanation for black holes or even worm holes. That's the kind of energy we're talking about.
For example, a black hole could cause two walls to slam together because of its intense gravitational pull.
Unfortunately, that same amount of pressure would be way too much for anyone to possibly survive it – demogorgon or not.
A worm hole, on the other hand, would be different. That would be more like the pencil Mr. Clarke pokes through the plate. This is most likely what Eleven did to create the physical path to the Upside Down located inside the electric plant.
At the moment, the closest we're getting to the kind of energy needed to pull off a Stranger Things is the Large Hadron Collider. While it's already yielding some very interesting results, as far as we know, there have been no demogorgons.


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Over the past handful of years, quietly, but effectively, a small
group of devoted collectors have changed the very structure and
history of G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero. Some of the shifts have
been small, and you don't really notice them until you take a closer
However, some of those shifts have been dramatic and seismic, taking
what had been established history over the past 30 years and turning
it completely sideways.
I wanted to take some time to make folks aware of JoeDeClassified,
encourage people to support them, and certainly to make them a
destination during your trip to JoeCon. Click the continue reading link below for the full write up.


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Upon waking up, the one of the first things a person does is look out the window and have a glimpse of a vibrant morning. Unfortunately, the day won't be so vibrant the moment one sees dust, discoloured spots, and grime plastered on the glass. The household presents readily available solutions that you can apply.
Soft Rubber Squeegee
The problem with cleaning windows, Wellington specialists say, is that sometimes smudgy streaks are developed after scrubbing the glass with a damp cloth. After cleaning the windows, drying it with a soft rubber squeegee gets rid of the unwanted lines of dirt. The rubber latches on to the glass surface, ensuring that dirt and grime are displaced.
Results will be more impressive if the windows are cleaned when not in direct sunlight – the heat dries up the glass too quickly, allowing dirt to stick.
Cleaning Solution Made with Bleach and Laundry Detergent
Normally, mould and mildew are a headache to clean. That won't be the case if you have the potent cleaning solution. Mix a quart of water with two ounces of bleach and an ounce of laundry detergent. The resulting solution loosens the grip of the mildew and grime on the glass. Apply it on the affected areas, then leave it for about 10 – 15 minutes. Once done, scrub off the mildew with soap, water, and your trusty rag.
Floor Wax
Cleaning the window with floor wax is an absolute no-no, but if a thin coat is applied on clean windows, it will shield the glass from dirt and dust. The coat can keep the glass clean for relatively long periods, allowing home owners to save up on cleaning.
Home solutions are effective in most cases, but if dirt and mildew prove to be persistent in sticking to the glass, it's time to call the professionals. Wellington is rich with reputable companies armed with the right tools and effective cleaning solutions.


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Mexican Restaurants You Can't Miss in Tempe
Green chili, tacos, and so much more
Tempe, Arizona, is home to a bevy of terrific Mexican cuisine. Here are three Mexican restaurants in Tempe you can't miss.
Casa Reynoso
Tucked away in Fry's shopping center is this family-owned spot that's been open since 1984. The decor is reminiscent of being in a hacienda (think dark wood, mosaic tile floor, and stained glass), and the food is equal parts comforting and delicious. The red and green chili are the house specialties, and don't miss the best-selling Gollo burro, which is stuffed with green chili, pinto beans, onions, and cheese.
La Casa De Juana
It's always a fun time at this lively restaurant, which frequently features live music. As the name implies, the inspiration is drawn from the matriarchs of Mexican families, who'd lovingly prepare hearty, from-scratch meals every night. The menu is packed with familiar comforts, including guacamole, enchiladas, and tamales, and also includes plenty of options for vegetarians.
Maskadores Taco Shop
The colorful murals of Mexican wrestlers and masks lend this spot a funky, hip vibe. Simply order at the counter, grab your tray of food, and sit down to a delicious, affordable meal. While there are no misses here, it's the famed street tacos you should try. All of them come loaded with your choice of protein (like barbacoa beef, tinga chipotle chicken, and pork carnitas) and are small enough to make a meal out of a few.


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Valuing the diversity of the greater Los Angeles region, incorporating culturally respectful and responsive practices, and learning foreign languages and cultures makes our learners compassionate, open-minded world citizens.
The innovative approach at iLEAD North Hollywood allows for many opportunities for learners to develop leadership skills and practice for a lifetime of listening, collaborating, inspiring, and leading.
Entrepreneurial Development
Encouraging learners to work in teams, take risks, and learn from failure, nurtures the ability to innovate and ignites their entrepreneurial spirit. This year, we are proud to announce a new marketing and entrepreneurship curriculum developed with a former VP at Fox!
Building in opportunities for creating & exploring the world through the artistic experience, both through arts courses and arts integration, enhances all subject areas for our learners.
Design Thinking
Participating in project and inquiry-based learning leads to more meaningful experiences and a deeper understanding for our learners. In the past academic year, learners engaged in complex projects that required them to put on trials concerning censorship in public schools, generate design solutions to Tsunami-prone areas of the world, design eco-friendly packaging that saved material while preserving volume and ergonomics, write, produce, record, and perform original music, develop a new food product that went through all the testing phases of the FDA (which led to some learners applying for patents), collaborate across disciplines to put on student-written plays, approach U.S. history from a thematic rather than chronological approach, and more!
Passive, lecture-based schools were created when the classroom consisted of four walls, rows of desks piled with textbooks, blackboards, chalk and a teacher who stood in front of the class pouring out facts and figures for restless, bored students to memorize, be tested on and quickly forget.
iLEAD Schools are based on a new paradigm: Project-Based Deeper Learning. At iLEAD North Hollywood we create rigorous learning environments that promote deeper understanding and celebrate independent critical thinking, cooperation and the development of crucial 21st century skills.
- Collaboration & Sociability
- Critical Thinking
- Independence & Flexibility
- Mastery of Technology
- Confidence, Curiosity & Compassion
- Communication & Creativity
iLEAD North Hollywood provides a deep and lasting educational experience that prepares your learner for higher education and lifelong success!


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Compendium of Herbs & Herbal preparations
This is the Online WorldHerbs® Formulary (and also my "thesis" for my doctoral work in Naturopathic Medicine). This has been an ongoing lesson herbal lore that has been in the works for over 10 years. This site is FREE for private/ commercial research. Contact us if you would like to use any content for use other than printing sections to show your physician. I´ve included herbs found in American, American Indian, Ayurvedic/ Indian, Asian, TCM, African, Australian / New Zealand native medicinals, Pan Asian, German Commission E recommendations & advisories; & all other countries´ /cultures´ formulae. If I´ve missed any, if there are other names that you know these herbs by; in ANY language; or you know of one or another that I should address. Please please email the herbalist.
Herbs are used to aid in the healing of wounds, illness; they serve as a preventative to sickness as well as to maintain human & animal well being. More herbs are added every few weeks. Come back & visit us. Definitions can also be found at ebay on our storefront to explain the various ingredients in the products.
Herbs tend to fall into categories which describe general attributes. I will try to keep these general attributes close to the front of each definition. Note The herbs themselves may treat something in exact opposite of their general category...such as a Stimulant that is also a Nervine due to its Diuretic nature.
Be advised that if an herb is normalized to Africa; the listing will mention that. If it is an herb found in certain "old fashioned" country names; I will put what I knew to be their names when I initially found the herb...However in today´s rapidly changing political scene; you may have to be somewhat forgiving about the place names.
Chinese Herbs (Asian): Will include the Chinese/Asian names plus our latin name plus where & what it benefits -No Asian Herbs should be taken without the advice of either a registered TCM or Asian Herbal Pharmacist´s advice. These herbs treat the whole body in a completely different medical mindset. See TCM for more details on this truely Alternate Therapy.
» There are many references to "TCM" which is an abreviation for "Traditional Chinese Medicine".
[ Anti-biotic ] [ Anti-Inflam. ] [ Astringent ] [ Calmnative ] [ Digestif ] [ Diuretic ] [ Energizer ] [ Expectorant ] [ Nervine ] [ Tonic ] [ TCM ]
|Herbs Listing for - Tonic - page 1 of 5
|Aloe Vera
|Other Names: Aloe, Indian Alces, Kumari. Gh, Aloe Vera, var. A. perryi
|Region: Mediterranean
|Description: Egyptian medicinal used by the Mahometans as a preventative to evil coming into the house. Ancient Jews adopted the practice in Cairo. Leaves are used by splitting & using the gel within or juicing the leaves to obtain the thick juice. Contains saliscylic acid which soothes & aids in the healing process for abrasions, burns, skin disorders & wrinkles, can be used externally. As a Tonic, it reduces inflammation of stomach lining from allergic reactions to food. Juice also used as a gel to sooth sunburns, burns of the skin, fine cosmetics & to help reduce the itch of insect bites.
|Uses: Contains; Vitamins C, A, Niacin & Selenium. Reduces inflammation of stomach lining from allergic reactions to food. Used in place of soap in Jamaica, threads from the inside of the plant when dried can be used as a cleansing agent for bodies and pots/pans! Also has Laxative action but its extreme bitterness as well as strength means that it needs an additional carminative to bring down the reaction to aloe juice alone. Good for coating the lining of the stomach to ameliorate ulcers. May also be used as a vermifuge ie it may help to kill any worms or parasies growing in the body. Herbal Actions
|Warnings: Too bitter & strong to be taken on its one. please DILUTE before using internally.
|Other Names: Aniseed, Sweet Cumin, Pimpinella anisum, Illicium ve
|Region: European
|Description: Also called Chinese Anice & Illicium. Stimulant,Tonic, Coughs, Gastric problems, bronchitis, asthma, increase mother's milk production. Ancient Greeks used tea made from Anise & Fennel to combat asthma and other respiratory ailments. A few seeds dropped into warm milk can be used as a sleep aid. Seeds are also used as flavorings in breads & pastries.
|Uses: Contains chemicals: creosol and alpha pinene which help loosen bronchial phlem. Herbal Actions
|Warnings: None.
|Other Names: Winter Cherry, , Withania somnifera
|Region: Asian
|Description: Ayurvedic (Indian) & African herb. Called the Indian ginseng, it is an Immune Booster & a Strengthening Tonic. Combats infertility, impotence, general weakness, Stress & Insomnia. If you have numbness or tingling in your extremities, Ashwagandha can help by restoring and boosting circulation & reducing high blood pressure. Stimulates the nervous system so that you can concentrate better. Perhaps one of the best-known properties of ashwagandha is enhancing sexual desires. It can improve endurance of lovers in the bedroom and can actually increase attraction and desire.
|Uses: Helps the brain to function more efficiently, & helps to provide mental focus. Being studied clinically in Asia to help combat the symptoms of Alzheimer's. Increased blood flow to the brain can help you to heal wounds, sprains & broken bones faster. Some studies have also shown that it improves sperm count in men and that sperm will actually be higher quality. This is good news for a couple looking to start a family. Aswhagandha can be taken in many forms such as teas, powders, pills, and even syrups. The plant can also be applied directly to the skin to treat problems such as bed sores and skin inflammation. Herbal Actions
|Warnings: None.
|Other Names: Love medicine, Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
|Region: Amer_Indian
|Description: Native American peoples have used the roots of this plant to break fevers, reduce coughing and chest tightness as well as pain. The iroquios people used it as an aphrodisiac as well as a smudging herb to sanctify the home & to revive the unconcious.
|Uses: Chopped root used. Cut/sifted, brewed as tea. Can be dried & burned as smudging agent or as incense. Herbal Actions
|Warnings: None.
|Other Names: Milk Vetch, Huang Qi, Astragalus membraceous
|Region: Asian
|Description: Immune enhancing. Fortifies spleen & "Qi" {chi}Tonic, Lowers blood sugars & blood pressure. Good for kidneys & liver function. Chinese Medicinal for over 2,000 years. Classified by Shen Nong, who founded Chinese herbal medicine, as a superior herb. Its Chinese name, Huang Qi, means "yellow leader" because of the yellow hue of the root. Relieves night sweats, fluid retention and hot flashes brought on by menopause. Its warming qualities help the circulation of the body, which means it works to ease cold symptoms or other viruses that enter the body. It works to restore the immune system of the body - especially in the lungs. Immune disorders that lead to sweating are eased with the use of Astragalus.
|Uses: Numerous Saponins, including Astragaloside, flavonoids, polysaccharides, minerals, amino acids, coumarins, triterpee glycosides, asparagine, calcyosin, formononetin, kumatakenin, sterols. Serious immune system compromise preventive (cold/flu). Boosts white blood cell production helps produce interferon in body to fight cancers and other illnesses. Helps kill viruses by killing virus cells. Also builds up body from fatigue, lack of appetite and problems with excessive persperation. Herbal Actions
|Warnings: None.
|Other Names: Brahmi, Thyume-leaved gratiola, Bacopa monniera
|Region: Asian
|Description: Ayurvedic Indian herb to strengthen memory & regain mental clarity. Not to be confused with the ornamental {Sutera}. True medicinal bacopa. Whole plant used. Can be made into a nerve & cardiac tonic with a tranquilizing action. Dependable remedy for treatment of nervous breakdown, epiliepsy, hysteria, insanity and debility.
|Uses: Juice of fresh leaves given to children for cough, bronchitis and diarrhea. A poultice is made of boilded herb and applied to the chest for acute pneumonia and bronchitis. Can be used as a diaretic & as such, to treat rheumatism. Herbal Actions
|Warnings: None.
|Balm of Gilead, American
|Other Names: Tacomahaca, Mecca balsam, Bals, Populus balsamifera,
|Region: Amer_Indian
|Description: Also known as Latin: Populus candicans or Alt. Balsam. Not the herb of the bible. American Indian herb. Tincture used for chest congestion, stomach & kidney complaints as well as rheumatism. Stimulant, Expectorant, Tonic & Diuretic.
|Uses: Steeped in rum, the buds will help to heal cuts & bruises. Ointment made with oil or creme base is useful for bruises & swellings, sunburn, skin infections & nasal salve for dry passages. Herbal Actions
|Warnings: None.
|Balm, Melissa
|Other Names: Lemon Balm, Citronella Balm, Melissa officinalis
|Region: European
|Description: Also known as Lime Balm. Stimulant for the Heart, Calmnative for the Nerves. Should be included in every gardener's medical cabinet as a principle tea/ tonic herb. Tea can be drunk to start perspiration to drop a fever. Wound healer, fights herpes. Repairs a "tired" brain.
|Uses: Balm can be mixed with honey & vinegar, warmed & used to gargle for sore throats & teeth. Calmnative. Steeping leaves in wine & using them as a poultice will draw the sting from scorpions & other spiderbites. Steeping fresh leaves in wine will draw boils to open. Nervine. Good bee plant for honey production. Herbal Actions
|Warnings: None.
|Balsam, Lemon
|Other Names: Tou gu, Impatiens balsamina
|Region: Asian
|Description: TCM medicinal in China. Used to clear obstructions in throat.
|Uses: Aerial parts above the ground used. Herbal Actions
|Warnings: None.
|Other Names: Oregon Grape, Mountain Grape, Berberis aquifolium
|Region: Asian
|Description: Contains the alkaline beriberine which is an antibiotic compound. Excellent wine & jelly may be made from the fruit. The wood is used frequently to make cruicifixes. Bark & roots may be used to create a yellow dye. Bushlike plant tops 10ft. in height. Holly like leaves, fragrant yellow flowers then drooping clusters of red berries. Good for liver, spleen, reduces blood pressure; helps clear acne, boils, ulcers. High in calcium, iron, chlorine, sulpher, B1, B2, niacin & folic acid.
|Uses: In Chinese clinical studies; beriberine has reduced cardiac arrhythmias by more than 50% of those people taking it & not a placebo. Beriberine also has the ability to kill parasites: expel worms & treat ringworm. Also contains saponin which is a cleanser. American Indians made a decoction of the bark of the roots used for general debility or to create an appetite. It made a bitter tonic which was introduced into American medicines around the late 1800's & was in the general pharmacopaea until the 1950's. Leaves were chewed for reducing acne, A root decoction was used for cough, kidney & liver ailments. Herbal Actions
|Warnings: None.
|Basil, Camphor
|Other Names: , Ocimum minimum
|Region: Mediterranean
|Description: East African native. Commercial source for Camphor. Leaves used.
|Uses: Infusion in tea relieves stomach & cold symptoms. Herbal Actions
|Warnings: None.
|Basil, West African
|Other Names: Adefetue, Ocimum viride
|Region: Mediterranean
|Description: In Ghana, the Ewe people call this adefetue. Used throughout Africa to reduce fevers, diarrhea & to repel insects. Leaf oil is extremely antiseptic.
|Uses: Used as a gargle, dressing for wounds & as a treatment for conjunctivitis. Herbal Actions
|Warnings: None.
|Bay Leaves
|Other Names: Sweet Bay, Laurel, True Laurel, Laurus nobilis
|Region: African
|Description: (Alt. Bay Laurel) Said to purify food, aid in digestion, mildly narcotic. Strewn on the floor of houses & pet pens, they will chase fleas away.
|Uses: A leaf decoction may be used as a soak for sprains & rheumatic joints -may irritate skin. American Indians used Bay leaves in a hot bath to combat Arthritis, placed the hot wet leaves on their heads to help reduce headaches & place a piece of leaf inside the nostrils to help clear them. Herbal Actions
|Warnings: None.
|Other Names: Wood Betony, Stachys officinalis, S. betoni
|Region: Amer_Indian
|Description: Also Latin: {Betony officinalis} Asthma, Bronchitis, Heartburn & Kdne. Used as a Tonic; it can Relieve Headache & Migraine. Can be used with your normal pain medications for Migraine just like Feverfew & the two can be mixed in a TEA. {See Headache/Migraine Tea} Wood Betony tea is supposed to keep dreamers from having nightmares, & useful towards all diseases & afflictions of the head; including: Ear Aches, as well as Watering Eyes.
|Uses: The root tastes terrible & has been used as a way to make children vomit if necessary. Tincture of betony is used to combat Hayfever & other Upper Respiratory allergies. Herbal Actions
|Warnings: None.
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ATLANTA- (April 10, 2017) - Allure, A Christie® Company (Allure), and the market leader in activating brands, environments, and experiences is pleased to announce the debut of Allure AutoFocus℠, its revolutionary new advanced content automation technology for digital signage and devices to fast casual and quick serve restaurants at the annual Restaurant Leadership Conference (RLC) this month. Allure AutoFocus℠ enables operators and owners to drive consumer behavior and revenue by automatically adapting the digital messages in real-time response to the operating environment and conditions.
Proven to grow revenues and reduce operating costs at the now more than 2,000 stores where Allure AutoFocus℠ is in use, Brian Whitney, SVP Sales for Allure, stated, "I am very excited to showcase this innovative technology to the leaders from the restaurant industry at RLC. Allure AutoFocus℠ is built from the ground up for Fast Casual and Quick Serve Restaurants to deliver dynamic messaging based on a highly adaptive and intelligent rules engine."
As a configurable rules engine with multiple data feeds, AutoFocus℠ is set to prioritize, configure and present digital content elements without the need for human oversight to manage content changes. AutoFocus℠ does this by working with existing systems such as point-of-sale, inventory, kitchen management and even external sources such as weather, news and other RSS feeds. The engine applies a series of relational algorithms that drive the Allure Content Management System with the what, when, where, why and how content is presented on any digital display or device on any digital network.
Allure AutoFocus℠ deployments continue at an accelerated pace with introduction of this revolutionary technology to various market verticals both domestically and internationally throughout 2017 and beyond. For more information, demonstrations, or to express interest in AutoFocus℠ pilot testing opportunities, please contact Brian Whitney or a member of the Allure team at booth #229.
The Restaurant Leadership Conference will be held at the JW Marriott Phoenix Desert Ridge Resort & Spa located in Phoenix from April 9 - 12, 2017.
About Allure, a Christie Company
Allure visual communication and retail transaction solutions connect businesses, brands and products with their consumers at points of influence and purchase in a variety of environments. Leveraging dynamic digital signage integrations to drive new revenue streams and create differentiated brand experiences, the company's suite of intelligent solutions integrate advanced analytics, exceptional creative, software, and hardware with business applications to deliver engaging data-driven experiences, activate brands and achieve desired business outcomes. Allure software and services power more than 25,000 networked displays and devices that activate brands, environments and experiences…digitally.
About Christie
Christie Digital Systems USA, Inc. is a global visual and audio technologies company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ushio Inc., Japan (JP:6925). Consistently setting the standards by being the first to market some of the world's most advanced projectors, complete system displays, and cinema audio solutions; Christie is recognized as one of the most innovative visual technology companies in the world. From retail displays to Hollywood, mission critical command centers to classrooms and training simulators, Christie display solutions and projectors capture the attention of audiences around the world with dynamic and stunning images, accompanied by awe-inspiring sound. Visit www.christiedigital.com.
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The Veil and Iranian Women: Women Who Want To Wear It, And Those Who Don't Want To Wear It
Women continue to campaign for more freedoms in Iran, but the future is a difficult and uncertain one. Yes, more women in Iran today graduate from college than men, but this is also a nation where a grown woman can be scolded at the beach for accidentally showing her forearms. The restraints on strict dress code ebb and flow and one of the few things women can do to gain more freedom is obtaining a college education. For those who would like more information about the goals of women's rights in Iran, you can visit the website Women's Forum Against Fundamentalism in Iran. Let us hope that in the future Iranian women will have the freedom to choose how they dress, what they write, and how they live their lives according to their own terms. Back in 1997, I took a women's studies class that offered some interesting and different perspectives. It was not exactly the type of class I would have choose at the beginning, but I learned many new and interesting things as I took this course. We had to keep a journal for this class and our teacher said one day we would appreciate it as it would bring back ideas later in life. At the time I thought it was just some silly journal I was keeping for class, but I have kept it all these years and I am reading it for the first time today. I am writing this hub about some of the impressions I had from the articles I read. It discusses women writers and their take on wearing the veil in Iranian society.
The chapters "A Walled Society" and "Unveiling the Other: Forugh Farrokhzad" came from the book Veils and Words, The Emerging Voices of Iranian Womenby the author Dr. Farzaneh Milani. In the article "A Walled Society," the author discusses how women wearing veils are not oppressed and she says many women wear it for protection. She feels women feel more secure when they go places and are not harassed by leering men. Women should be able, according to the author, to unveil their voice in writing without worrying if someone judges them for wearing a veil. The author completely supports a woman's choice not to wear or wear the veil, but she also states it has nothing to do with their freedom of mind. For instance, she states many women who do not wear the veil are hampered in the expression of their thoughts, but there are veiled women who are able to express themselves freely in their writing. Thus, the author argues that freedom is a state of mind and not one of physical dress.
The second chapter that I read "Unveiling the Other" also made some interesting points. I do not agree one hundred percent with what the author wrote, but it was interesting to read about the point of view of someone else and respect their point of view. Everyone has a different point of view and I feel I should read as much as I can to understand the world around me. I may not agree with everything I read, but at least I have more information to help me become more empathetic of other points of view. In "Unveiling the Other: Forugh Farrokhzad," the author notes how female writers such as Shari'ati favored the education of women, but did not like how some educated women decided to reject traditional values. Shari'ati felt that westernized women were "empty" and had a "made in Europe sticker" on them, and she felt that Iranian women could only maintain their identity by holding onto the traditional values. Forugh Farrokhzad was another female Iranian poet/writer who brought down the barriers of the "proper place" in which women were supposed to remain. Farrokhzad speaks of her forbidden carnal desire, but she also shows that a woman must feel some guilt for expressing such desires. The poem "I Sinned" illustrates how traditional values still pulled women back, even if they were liberated and exposed to modern ideas. Farrokhzad ideas are have inspired many people who find freedom in the written form. You can learn more about Forugh Farrokhzad and her poetry at this website:
Iranian Women Today:
Even though many Iranian women have found expression of freedom in literature, it is important to remember that Iran is a repressive society that has restricted the freedom of many women. Since the Revolution many families have fled and built lives in other countries. In the hub about the book Pomegranate Soup, I discussed how Marsha Mehran wrote a fictional account of three women who fled the Iranian Revolution to build to find freedom and peace in Ireland. Although this is a fictional story, Mehran was born in Iran and her parents immigrated to Argentina soon after the Revolution, so it is important to keep in mind that the Iranian Revolution destroyed the freedom and hopes many peole had for their country. Even today women do not have the freedom of choice to not wear the veil. Women have been harassed by the "morality police" for not wearing the proper attire in the streets. Even though Islamic law forbids it, prostitution and other illicit activities still take place in Iran. So veiling has not put a stop to immoral behavior.


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EDWARDSVILLE, Ill. – The SIUE men's and women's track and field schedule has been released for the 2018-19 season, including the SIUE Gateway Classic May 3rd.
"We are especially excited about this year's indoor and outdoor schedule," SIUE Head Coach Scott Block said. "The SIUE/SEMO dual is one of my favorite meets of the season. It follows a long fall of hard training, and it sets the benchmark for the rest of the season."
The indoor season will begin Dec. 7 with an early dual meet with Ohio Valley Conference foe Southeast Missouri in Cape Girardeau, Missouri.
The Cougars will then take a holiday break with their next meet being Jan. 19 at the Eastern Illinois John Craft Invite. SIUE will stay within the state for the Illini Classic Jan. 26 in Champaign, Illinois.
SIUE will then travel out of state for the final two regular season indoor meets. First up is the Meyo Invitational Feb. 2 at Notre Dame. To close out the indoor regular season, the Cougars travel to compete in the Chipotle Marshall Invitational in Huntington, West Virginia.
The OVC Indoor Championships are being held Feb. 20-21 at the Birmingham CrossPlex in Birmingham, Alabama. The NCAA Indoor Championships also will be at the Birmingham CrossPlex, Mar. 8-9.
SIUE's first meet of the outdoor season will be the Bill Cornell Classic in Carbondale, Illinois, Mar. 23-24.
The Cougars will then travel to Oxford, Mississippi, for the Ole Miss Joe Walker Invite Apr. 12-13. SIUE will stay in the Southeastern Conference, participating in the Missouri Tom Botts Invitational Apr. 19-20.
On Apr. 26-27, SIUE will travel to Memphis, Tennessee, for the Memphis Invitational.
For the Cougars regular season finale, they will play host to the SIUE Gateway Classic May 3 at Korte Stadium.
"The Gateway Classic will be on a different weekend then normal this outdoor season," Block added. "It will be in May and a week before the OVC Championships. This will give us an opportunity to have some top performances in front of our home crowd."
The OVC Outdoor Championships will be held May 9-11 in Cape Giradeau. The NCAA First Round will be May 23-25 in Sacramento, California, and the NCAA Championships will be June 5-8 in Austin, Texas.


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Steve Ennen to Speak at the Social Media Insider Summit 2012
January 24, 2012 | By admin+ | No Comments
Steve Ennen, Social Strategy1's President and Chief Intelligence Officer, will be speaking in Key Largo, Florida at the Social Media Insider Summit January 25th, 2012. Steve's Keynote entitled, Rethink the Organization: How Social Media Makes Marketing the Nerve Center of the Enterprise, will discuss the importance of social media monitoring and how the data collected from your research can be analyzed to solve key sales and marketing issues for your business.
Steve Ennen has been featured in several Webinars and has spoken at many different social media related events like the Online Marketing Summit, IgniteDallas, Knowledge@Wharton, and the Milken Institute Global Conference. He is a thought leader in this social world and has lots of great advice and information to offer anyone willing to listen.
Contact Steve Ennen (@EnnenSS1) or the Social Strategy1 Team to learn more about how social media monitoring and management can help grow your business online today!


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This is an official version.
Copyright © 2019: Queens Printer,
Important Information
1991 c12 s42; 1991 c19 s39; 1992 c48 s28; 1994 c19; 2001 c42 s32; 2001 cN-3.1 s2; 2004 cP-29.1 s31; 2004 c49; 2005 cM-6.1 s36;
Short title
1. This Act may be cited as the Pensions Funding Act.
2. In this Act
"fund" means the
(b) "minister" means the minister appointed under the Executive Council Act to administer this Act; and
(c) "plan" means a pension plan, retirement benefit or arrangement as established by the Acts referred to in section 3 and another pension plan, retirement benefit or arrangement included under this Act by order of the Lieutenant-Governor in Council under section 4.
1981 c3 s2; 2001 cN-3.1 s2; 2006 c40 s21
3. This Act shall be read as one with
the Uniformed Services Pensions Act, 2012
the Royal
[Rep. by 2016 c27 s1]
(b.1) the Provincial Court Judges' Pension Plan Act ;
(c) the Members of the House of Assembly Retiring Allowances Act and an Act or Acts replaced by that Act; and
(d) [Rep. by 2014 c30 s1]
1981 c3 s3; 1991 c12 s42; 1991 c19 s39; 1992 c48 s28; 2004 cP-29.1 s31; 2005 cM-6.1 s36; 2012 cU-4.1 s41; 2014 c30 s1; 2016 c27 s1
Other pension plans
4. The Lieutenant-Governor in Council may by order include under this Act a pension plan that covers an employee or pensioner
(a) of the government of the province; or
(b) of a corporation, agency, commission or board created by a statute of the province in respect of which control, directly or indirectly, whether by the appointment of members or otherwise vests in the Crown, or a corporation of which 50% of the outstanding common shares are owned by the body, agency, commission or corporation.
Fund established
1981 c3 s5; 2001 cN-3.1 s2
5.1 (1) The assets in the fund relating to the plan under the Public Service Pensions Act, 1991 are transferred to the Public Service Pension Plan Fund established under section 4.1 of that Act.
(2) The assets in the fund relating to the plan under the Teachers' Pensions Act are transferred to the Teachers' Pension Plan Fund established under section 5.1 of that Act.
Investment of fund
6. The fund shall be held in trust by the minister and may be invested on the terms and conditions that the minister considers advisable in the securities and investments that conform to the investment requirements of the regulations made under section 37 of the Pension Benefits Act, 1997.
Participation in fund
7. (1) A plan shall participate in the fund proportionate to its equity in the fund.
(2) The participation of a plan in the fund shall operate under the regulations.
Lines of credit
8. The minister may establish temporary lines of credit, with or without guarantee, for the orderly conduct of the affairs of the fund.
Acquisition of real property and mortgages for fund
8.1 Money may be borrowed by way of mortgage and a mortgage may be assumed by a corporation incorporated for the purposes of investment of the fund in real estate.
Deficiency guarantee
9. (1) Where
(a) there are insufficient assets to meet the obligations of the fund; or
(b) the equity apportioned to a plan referred to in section 7 is insufficient to meet the obligations of the plan under section 11,
the minister shall pay out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund sufficient money as may be necessary to cover the deficit, and the money shall be paid on a timely basis in order to protect the other plans included under this Act.
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to the plan established by the Public Service Pensions Act, 1991.
(3) Subsection (1) does not apply to the plan continued under the Teachers' Pensions Act, 2018 .
1981 c3 s9; 2014 c30 s3; 2016 c27 s3; 2018 cT-4.01 s29
10. There shall be deposited into the fund
(a) contributions made by employees and employers under each plan;
(b) assets taken over by the absorption of pension plans under the terms of each plan;
(c) the share of each plan proportionate to the share of the income of the fund;
(d) other income arising from the operation of each plan; and
(e) amounts as may be voted by the Legislature for the purpose of each plan or the fund,
and deposits shall be credited to the appropriate plan.
Interest penalty
10.1 Where an employer does not make a contribution or deposit to its plan in the manner required by this Act, a penalty and interest shall be assessed and levied upon the amount of that contribution or deposit in the manner prescribed by the regulations.
11. There shall be paid out of the fund
(a) pensions, refunds and payments as they fall due for payment under each plan;
(b) unpaid liabilities taken over by the absorption of pension plans under the terms of each plan;
(c) the proportionate share for each plan of the operating costs of the fund; and
(d) other expenditures arising from the operation of each plan,
and payments shall be charged against the appropriate plan.
12. (1) The minister shall keep complete books of account in which shall be entered the amounts deposited into and paid out of the fund and details carried on in connection with the fund.
(2) The books of account referred to in subsection (1) shall provide for a separate accounting for each plan participating in the fund.
(3) The minister shall establish those bank accounts for the fund that may be required and each bank account shall be operated and administered under this Act and the regulations.
Report and audit of fund
13. (1) [Rep. by 2009 c6 s1]
(2) The auditor general shall audit the financial statements of the fund and attach to them a report that the auditor general may make in relation to those financial statements.
(3) [Rep. by 2009 c6 s1]
(4) The financial statements of the fund shall be signed by the minister and the officers or agents authorized to administer the fund.
1981 c3 s13; 1984 c18 s11; 2009 c6 s1
Officers to administer fund
14. The minister may appoint officers, agents and other staff that may be necessary to administer and manage the fund for the purposes of this Act.
15. The Lieutenant-Governor in Council may make regulations
(a) respecting the proportionate participation of each plan in the fund;
(b) respecting the operation and administration of the fund and the bank accounts established under subsection 12(3);
(c) prescribing the time and manner in which contributions and deposits referred to in section 10 are to be made; and
(d) prescribing rates and methods of calculating interest payments and assessing penalties under section 10.1.
1981 c3 s15; 1994 c19 s2
Consolidated Revenue Fund
16. Money paid into and out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund for the purposes of this Act shall be considered to have been paid into and out of the fund under this Act.
1981 c3 s17
©Queen's Printer


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This page is dedicated to my daughter, Rebecca,
who appreciates food more than I do.
|Choose one from each
category. They will add
a drink and small dessert.
S./7.50 is about $2.60!
Like for many people, food holds endless fascination for me. The tourist sights, museums and cathedrals are okay, but the sights that draw me in the most as I walk through the streets of Arequipa are the tiny tiendas (stores) selling all kinds of packaged and fresh wares; the piles of fruits and open air butchers in the mercado, the street food, and the huge menu boards outside local restaurants. It is not surprising that only my second post was a review of my first lunch on my own in Arequipa. You can read about my first foray into lunch here.
So, I am dedicating this page to food-related images and my impressions. I will add to them from time to time. One reason for this page is so my daughter Rebecca, a professional cook who is more fascinated with food than I am, will get even more excited about joining me in April. (I fear we will not have enough days here in the month to do justice to the food.)
* * * * * * * * * * * *
February 16: Trucha Frita (Fried Trout) from Lake Titicaca is a traditional Peruvian dish. This one was served with a bowl of Chairo (pronounced chi'-ro), which is a traditional soup of Chucuito (just south of Puno, Peru). The base uses black potatoes which have a very strong taste that I am having a hard time getting used to. I thought I would never see a potato I did not like! The trout, however, was delicious! Notice how it is cut butterfly-fashion from the tail through the head.
|Chupe de Camarones. I am pouring chicha morado.
April 4, 2014: At the recommendation of Adela and Manuel, our hosts in Arequipa, we went to Tradición Arequipeña for lunch today. It was only about a 10 block walk. Once inside, it was a pleasant and relaxing place to dine—with fountains, foliage everywhere, a live band, thatched umbrellas over the outdoor tables, and excellent service. We enjoyed a bottle of chicha morada, a Peruvian soft drink made with purple maiz. You can find a recipe for it here. Rebecca ordered the very traditional rocoto relleno (stuffed chili pepper) with pastel de papa (potato casserole). And I also chose a traditional dish, chupe de camarones (shrimp chowder). This very flavorful and colorful soup includes whole fresh shrimp, shrimp stock, papas amarillas (yellow potatoes), aji panca (a chili pepper), onions, garlic, egg, milk and pieces of queso fresco (fresh cheese)!
April 3, 2014: At the end of Rebecca's first full day in Arequipa, we went to the Plaza de Armas to enjoy a meal at La Terraza (See January 26th below). This time, my meal of fried trout was not so good. I am tired of fried foods and did not realized that I was ordering fried trout and it was way too salty. However, Rebecca enjoyed her meal of lamb chops cooked rare just the way she likes them. It was a beautiful presentation!
March 9: Espuma! Things are not Always what They Seem.
March 9: Espuma! Things are not Always what They Seem.
Carnival came to Chucuito on Sunday. There are two or three groups of people who dance around the plaza with their pipers and drummers. They take turns dancing and then resting. Between dances, they sit together passing around large bottles of beer and a glass. Each person drinks part of what they pour in the glass and pours the last bit on the ground. I figured this had some spiritual significance, but I had thought that people usually poured the sacrifice out before drinking, so I was a bit confused. One of the women came over to where I was sitting on the curb and offered me some beer. I asked and gestured if I should put some on the ground and she nodded so I imitated them and thanked her. That was so cool!
But later, when I was talking to Samantha and Juan (my hosts at Posada Santa Barbara), I asked about the significance of the practice. To my disappointment, Juan said that they were pouring out the espuma (foam) rather than drink it. Samantha added that they even do that inside, making a mess all over their restaurant floor, which requires a great deal of cleaning after a party. She made a pretty disgusting face!
March 12: I finally got to try huevos de codorniz (quail eggs) from a street vendor! They are hard-boiled and the vendor peels them for you and with a toothpick, she counts five out into a little bag asking if you want sal (salt). For a sole, you get to walk down the street piercing the bite-sized eggs with the toothpick and popping them into your mouth. What do they taste like? Very creamy hard boiled chicken eggs! You can read more about them here.
February 16: Trucha Frita (Fried Trout) from Lake Titicaca is a traditional Peruvian dish. This one was served with a bowl of Chairo (pronounced chi'-ro), which is a traditional soup of Chucuito (just south of Puno, Peru). The base uses black potatoes which have a very strong taste that I am having a hard time getting used to. I thought I would never see a potato I did not like! The trout, however, was delicious! Notice how it is cut butterfly-fashion from the tail through the head.
February 15: Breakfast and dinner at Posada Santa Barbara. Juan sets a lovely table and plays Peruvian and Italian music in the background. I feel like I am in a foreign country! ...Oh...
February 13: Sandia!
It must be sandia (watermelon) season here. Just one block from my hotel in Puno, two semi trucks were unloading watermelons into warehouses—one watermelon at a time via a melon brigade. One brigade consisted of about 7 men (and one young man about 12 years old). Women were selling watermelon everywhere on the street—whole, half, quartered, sliced, or cut up and placed in cups with a pick. I bought a cup of cut up slices and headed back to the hotel with the intention of photographing it before eating. I entered the courtyard and could not resist sharing with the helpful men who work at the hotel:
I found a nice little snack cafe near the main plaza in Puno. I finally got to try Papas Rellenas, made from a potato dough that is then stuffed with meat, olives, hard-boiled eggs, or whatever the cook desires, and spices. The whole thing is then deep fried. Yumm...
I ordered a papa rellena and a cup of mate de coca. (See the Benefits of Coca) Oh, the flavor and texture--deliciosa! I just had to order a second one. And it was just the snack for late morning, since I had eaten breakfast at 6:30 and was already hungry again. (Nice to know the altitude of 12,500 feet had not affected my appetite!) You can find a recipe for papas rellenas here.
February 6: Buying Olives in the Market
Before I went to Peru, I had seen pictures of the Arequipa market and I could not believe the prices of the fruit and especially the olives. But, not only are the olives inexpensive, but they are delicious, and grown very near here at Tacna. The market has its own separate section for olives: Seccion Aceitunas (Olive Section) is on the overhanging sign.
I have been buying olives to bring home to share with the household. Manuel like to pit them and put them on his bread for breakfast. (And speaking of pits! When you buy a tamale in Peru, be careful. It is likely to have olives in it--compete with the pits!)
Now for the price! Yesterday I paid 4 soles for a half kilo of olives--that's $1.30 per pound! And I don't even bargain in the market--I cannot bring myself to do so.
|Look how neatly they are stacked!
Our cute waiter, Luis, was very attentive.
* * * * * * * * * * * *
January 18: El Perejil
|* * * * * * * * * * * *
January 20: Adela's Delicious Cooking
Ensalada de Zanahoria y Mango (Carrot and Mango Salad)
One of the many specialties we enjoy at Manuel and Adela's guesthouse.
Most main courses include two starches, something we Americans are not used to. Many times rice and potatoes are served on the same plate. In this case Adela served sweet potatoes and "white" potatoes alongside this tasty pan seared tilapia.
* * * * * * * * * * * *
January 22: I finally had my first cerviche at my "favorite" restaurant, El Perejil, for lunch:
|Wonderful!, but watch out for that tiny bowl of salsa
verde on the side...it'll bring tears to your eyes!


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Here is a question from a student / friend: I have a question about hands & feet position in hands & knees, down dog and plank. Are the hands and feet supposed to be in the same place for all three? Or are hands closer to feet in downward dog than in plank?
Here is my answer: It depends. Many of you know this is my answer for almost everything. Because it does depend. It depends on the length of your torso, your arms and your legs. For "most" people, the hands and feet should be in the same position for all three. Here is how to tell…
In plank, the body should be long with energy being sent out of the heels of the feet. First, start on hands and knees. Your wrists should be under shoulders, knees under hips. Slightly dog tilt the tailbone (turn it up to the sky), then lift your knees off the floor for down dog. Move into plank without moving the feet. In plank, if your shoulders have moved past your wrists, you will need to adjust your feet by moving them back so the joints of the wrists, elbows and shoulders stack up vertically, or send more energy out the heels so you feel your weight shift back.
In down dog, the hand and foot position is a bit more complicated. Start from hands and knees as you did before. Dog tilt the tailbone and lift knees off the floor. You should essentially be in an upside down V. For "most" bodies, moving from hands and knees will give you the correct position. However, if your wrists hurt, walk your feet further back to take more weight in the legs. After much discussion between Brian and I, we realized that the position of the pelvis is more important in this pose. The tail bone should be in dog tilt and low back long. Any foot position you need for this is acceptable as long as you aren't putting too much pressure on your wrists. Practice this pose in front of a mirror or ask your teacher to help you. A knowledgeable teacher is the best way to improve your down dog and keep you injury free.


text:
Campus Profile
Palo Alto High School
50 Embarcadero Rd.
Built in 1918, 1928, 1945, 1955, 1960, 1969, 1972, 1975, 2004
- New Classroom Building
- Media Arts Center
- New Performing Arts Center
- Stadium Field Renovation
- Multi-Use Field
Campus Plan
Campus Background
Palo Alto High School occupies an approximate 49-acres site across El Camino Real from Stanford University. The school is composed of 17 permanent buildings constructed between 1918 and 1975.
The original construction, in 1918, included the Administration & Classroom Building and the Auditorium Building. Much of the original administration/classroom structure was demolished in 1972, leaving the two-story portion referred to as the "Tower Building". In 1928, the original Boys' Gymnasium was constructed. The construction of the Industrial Arts Building was completed in 1945 and expanded to include an electronics classroom in 1955. The Boys' Gymnasium was expanded in 1946 to provide locker and shower facilities and staff offices. In 1960, the Science Classroom Building was constructed. In 1968, an extensive renovation of the Administration Building, Auditorium, and the Boys' Gymnasium were undertaken. The purpose of this project was the seismic retrofitting of these structures for increased earthquake safety. The addition of the Girls' Gymnasium and the swimming pool was completed in 1969.
A major expansion of the school was undertaken in 1972 with the addition of seven new buildings including; the Fine and Performing Arts Building, the English Building, the Lecture Center, the Social Studies Building, the Foreign Language Building, the Mathematics and Science Technology Building, and Resource Materials Center. In 1975, a Student Activities Center and Woodshop were constructed. In 1998, following the Loma Prieta Earthquake, the Campanile of the Tower Building was separated from the building and strengthened. In 2004 a new Science Building was completed and the Science Building constructed in 1960 was removed from the campus interior. Renovations to Fine and Performing Arts Building, the English Building, the Lecture Center, the Social Studies Building, the Foreign Language Building, the Mathematics Building, Student Center and locker rooms in both gymnasiums were fully renovated under the Building for Excellence program from 2001.


text:
Our mission is to build upon, promote and invest in the diverse LGBTQ business and professional community throughout New Mexico.
The Albuquerque LGBTQ Chamber of Commerce is a statewide, equal-opportunity Chamber of Commerce comprised of LGBTQ and allied/supportive businesses and professionals. We're the heart of LGBTQ business community.
- We PROMOTE professional development, business diversity, and personal enrichment.
- We ADVANCE LGBTQ and allied/supportive businesses and professionals through shared knowledge, leadership, and support.
- We CONNECT businesses in Albuquerque and New Mexico, because we believe business is built on relationships.


text:
My mother and father were able to visit Shetland more than once and hosted her cousins and their children when they visited Canada. In 1987, I was fortunate to spend a couple of days in Lerwick, the main city of Shetland and to travel to the island of Whalsay where my grandfather was born. His sisters were still living at the time and I even visited the home of one of his boyhood friends.
As years have passed and my mother's cousins are getting older, I am drawn to visit the islands once more. Maman has decided not to visit despite my encouragement and that of her cousins. I still hope that she will change her mind.
Accommodation is scarce and expensive in Lerwick due to the presence of North Sea oil projects but my hospitable kin have decreed that "ye will nae stay in other folks' homes." Perhaps I will need to borrow Mum's Shetland dictionary as the Shetlanders have their own dialect.
I am a woman of the story (any story especially history) so I feel keenly the ties to my family who sailed the seas, some returning home, others settling on the west coast of Canada or in New Zealand. Before I return my mum's book A Kist of Emigrants, I will be rereading to prepare for the hamefarin.


text:
Documentary director Michael Madsen worries about our generation's effect on the future of humanity. "Into Eternity" addresses the audience in the future.
The film follows the ongoing construction of the Onkalo Waste Repository on the island of Olkiluoto, Finland. Phase one began in 2004, and consists of the construction of a large access tunnel going down 420 meters into the earth. In 2009 phase two tunneled down to 520 meters. The project is expected to be complete in 2020, and will have enough space to hold waste until 2120.
In 2120, the final encapsulation will take place.
Once sealed, the repository must be left unopened for 100,000 years, at which time the nuclear waste will no longer be toxic. Madsen worries about the safety of future generations discovering the repository and opening it before it is safe. 100,000 years is longer than any human made structure has ever lasted.
All the directors of the repository had to say to future generations was, "good luck."
Michael Madsen's film brought to light a huge issue of the modern era. What do we do with our toxic nuclear waste? Burying it underground is a present day solution to save us from the toxic waste. How can we ensure the future generations will not discover Onkalo? Madsen questions whether markers should be left to let future generations know that what they have discovered is dangerous. The fear is that the future generations will believe they have found the pyramids of our time.
It is devastating to think that we have to say "good luck" to the future. Our generation should not leave our world in ruins, threatening the survival of the future. This powerful film made me aware of the problem with nuclear waste disposal and made me fearful for the lives of those in the future. This is an important issue that many are not aware of. But one we must be aware of for the sake of the future.
This film brings a future crisis to the present day. "Into Eternity" forces us to think about the consequences of our lifestyles, and the affect it will have on the future.


text:
Can your YouTube channel trailer grow your local business? Absolutely, if you follow a few simple guidelines. The best thing you can do is create a short video that simply describes who you are, what your business can do for its customers, and what makes you "remarkable."
Then put your video on your YouTube channel as the trailer, with the proper text description, then link that video to your web site. This promotes all your other videos as well as your entire YouTube channel.
I've got plenty more pro tips in this next installment of "YouTube tactics to grow your business."
Leave a Reply.
Kevin Campbell
Writer, Producer, CEO and Master Storyteller
April 2016


text:
|NA Glenogle Road, Stockbridge EH3 5JB
|Glenogle Swim Centre Website
Come and re-discover Glenogle Swim Centre in the heart of Stockbridge.
Our beautifully restored Victorian 'baths' have a modern twist from the swimming pool with sauna and steam room to our gym with hi-spec equipment and free weights. If you prefer a structured session then our fitness classes offer something for all ages and abilities.
Looking to reach new customers? We offer a variety of advertising options with prices starting from just £30 per month!


text:
This module explores the fundamental statistical techniques and ideas used for analysing and interpreting data, covering models for data, estimation, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing and regression. The emphasis is on the practical side, although some of the underlying theory is also included. The statistical software package Minitab is supplied with the module and use of a computer is essential: you'll receive detailed guidance for all the computer activities. This module is ideal if you would like to develop the skills to make sense of data. It also provides the necessary foundations required for studying further modules in statistics.
OU qualifications are modular in structure; the credits from this undergraduate module could count towards a certificate of higher education, diploma of higher education, foundation degree or honours degree.
I was disappointed to discover that the module was a first presentation as there was no mention when I signed...
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I was disappointed to discover that the module was a first presentation as there was no mention when I signed...
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We are sorry that you were unhappy with the first presentation of M248. The dates of new presentations are available...
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We are sorry that you were unhappy with the first presentation of M248. The dates of new presentations are available...
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This course all comes together at the end. There is quite a lot of information and ideas in the module,...
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This course all comes together at the end. There is quite a lot of information and ideas in the module,...
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This module builds on the statistics introduced at level 1 through the OU module Introducing statistics (M140). The module will investigate a greater range of statistical techniques than those introduced at level 1, and will also provide a deeper understanding of the techniques that were introduced.
In this module you will explore the fundamental statistical techniques which can be used to analyse data to answer real, practical, questions such as 'Does drug A work better than drug B?' and 'How often do major earthquakes occur?'.
The starting point for answering such questions is to model the variation in data: some of the most commonly used models for variation are considered in the first part of the module and some of their properties are investigated. The module then goes on to develop statistical techniques for using data and models of the variation to draw conclusions and answer questions of interest: the specific statistical techniques studied in the module include estimation, confidence intervals, hypothesis tests and regression.
An important skill for any statistician is the ability to communicate their statistical analysis clearly to others, both statisticians and non-statisticians. Statistical report writing is considered in one of the final units of the module.
In addition to the module texts, student learning is supported throughout by short video presentations, computer animations and online interactive practice quizzes.
Read the full content list here.
Successful study of this module should improve your skills in analysing and interpreting data.
The ability to analyse and interpret data is central to many careers in, for example, government, health, business, finance and market research. The material in this module explores the fundamental statistical techniques required for analysing and interpreting data. Statistical software packages are important data analysis tools for practising statisticians: the use of one such statistical software package is integral to this module. Another important skill required by practising statisticians, is the ability to communicate the results from their data analyses: this skill is developed through statistical report writing.
This module may help you to gain membership of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications (IMA). For further information, see the IMA website.
This module may also help you to apply for the professional award of Graduate Statistician conferred by The Royal Statistical Society (RSS).
You will have a tutor who will help you with the study material and mark and comment on your written work, and whom you can ask for advice and guidance. We may also be able to offer group tutorials or day schools that you are encouraged, but not obliged, to attend. Where your tutorials are held will depend on the distribution of students taking the module.
Contact us if you want to know more about study with The Open University before you register.
The assessment details for this module can be found in the facts box above.
You can choose whether to submit your tutor-marked assignments (TMAs) on paper or online through the eTMA system. You may want to use the eTMA system for some of your assignments but submit on paper for others. This is entirely your choice.
Although your scores on the TMAs will not contribute directly to your final grade, you will need to complete most of them. However, the total workload for all TMAs is less than four standard TMAs. You will be given more information when you begin the module.
Analysing data (M248) starts once a year in October. This page describes the module that will start in October 2019. We expect it to start for the last time in October 2026.
See the satisfaction survey results for this course.
You need no pre-requisites to study this module, however you do need to be confident with mathematical notation and carrying out algebraic manipulation.
We also advise you are familiar with mathematical functions, including the logarithmic and the exponential functions. You'll also use differentiation and integration; Analysing data will include some revision covering the specific techniques used.
Check you're ready to study Analysing data with our self-assessed quiz.
Talk to an advisor if you're still not sure if you're ready.
Essential mathematics 1 (MST124) is the ideal preparation for studying Analysing data.
Registration opens on 18/03/20
There may be extra costs on top of the tuition fee, such as a computer, travel to tutorials, set books and internet access.
If you're on a low income you might be eligible for help with some of these costs after your module has started.
The Open University Student Budget Accounts Ltd (OUSBA) offers a convenient 'pay as you go' option to pay your OU fees, which is a secure, quick and easy way to pay. Please note that The Open University works exclusively with OUSBA and is not able to offer you credit facilities from any other provider. All credit is subject to status and proof that you can afford the repayments.
You pay the OU through OUSBA in one of the following ways:
If you feel you would be unable to obtain an OUSBA loan on your own due to credit history or affordability issues, OUSBA offers the option to apply for a joint loan application with a third party. For example, your husband, wife, partner, parent, sibling or friend. In such cases, OUSBA will be required to carry out additional affordability checks separately and/or collectively for both joint applicants who will be jointly and severally liable for loan repayments.
As additional affordability checks are required when processing joint loan applications, unfortunately, an instant decision cannot be given. On average the processing time for a joint loan application is five working days from receipt of the required documentation.
Read more about Open University Student Budget Accounts (OUSBA).
Studying with The Open University can boost your employability. OU courses are recognised and respected by employers for their excellence and the commitment they take to complete. They also value the skills that students learn and can apply in the workplace.
More than one in ten OU students are sponsored by their employer, and over 30,000 employers have used the OU to develop staff so far. If the module you've chosen is geared towards your job or developing your career, you could approach your employer to see if they will sponsor you by paying some or all of the fees.
You can pay part or all of your tuition fees upfront with a debit or credit card when you register for each module.
We accept American Express, Mastercard, Visa and Visa Electron.
We know that sometimes you may want to combine payment options. For example, you may wish to pay part of your tuition fee with a debit card and pay the remainder in instalments through an Open University Student Budget Account (OUSBA).
For more information about combining payment options, speak to an adviser or book a call back at a time convenient to you.
Module books and website, including access to the module computer software applications.
A scientific calculator, but not one that is designed or adapted to offer any of the following facilities: Algebraic manipulation, differentiation or integration, language translation or can communicate with other devices or the internet. It also cannot have retrievable information stored in it such as databanks, dictionaries, mathematical formulae or text.
A computing device with a browser and broadband internet access is required for this module. Any modern browser will be suitable for most computer activities. Functionality may be limited on mobile devices.
Any additional software will be provided, or is generally freely available. However, some activities may have more specific requirements. For this reason, you will need to be able to install and run additional software on a device that meets the requirements below.
A desktop or laptop computer with:
The screen of the device must have a resolution of at least 1024 pixels horizontally and 768 pixels vertically.
To join in the spoken conversation in our online rooms we recommend a headset (headphones or earphones with an integrated microphone).
Our Skills for OU study website has further information including computing skills for study, computer security, acquiring a computer and Microsoft software offers for students.
The OU strives to make all aspects of study accessible to everyone and this Accessibility Statement outlines what studying M248 involves. You should use this information to inform your study preparations and any discussions with us about how we can meet your needs.
To find out more about what kind of support and adjustments might be available, contact us or visit our Disability support website.
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