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Special Sessions
The Scientific Committee has scheduled a series of Special Sessions that put the overarching theme of the conference, "Environmental quality through transdisciplinary collaboration", into practice. The key to successful and efficient environmental quality management will hinge upon transdisciplinary collaboration between environmental and human toxicologists, environmental chemists, and scientists and policy-makers from a diversity of disciplines, such as conservation biology, ecology, human health, aquaculture, sociology, law, and economy.
In several sessions this expertise is brought in by other scientific associations such as the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES) (session 8.01), the International Water Association (IWA) (session 8.03) and the Association of European Toxicologists and European Societies of Toxicology (EUROTOX) (session 8.06). With these collaborations, SETAC Europe will build bridges and overcome borders with other fields of expertise. Learn more here.
Wednesday 10 May, 08:30 am – 12:45 pm, Silver Hall (Level 0)
- Georg Streck, European Commission – DG GROW, Belgium
- Yuri Bruinen de Bruin, European Commission – Joint Research Centre, Italy
- Jos Bessems, European Commission – Joint Research Centre, Italy
- Joost Bakker, RIVM, the Netherlands
European Legislative frameworks, such as REACH, the Biocidal Product or the Plant Protection Products Regulation but also legislation on water, food and feed require risk assessments, while focusing to a varying degree on hazard vs. exposure. In general they focus on risks for which a relative good knowledge-base has been generated in the past. But do we have the right tools to identify and to react to emerging hazards and risks? This special session tackles this question in two parts, each consisting of four key presentations each followed by a podium discussion.
Part I – The role of Exposure Science for identifying early warnings on new and emerging risks of chemicals (jointly organised between the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES) and SETAC):
Many initiatives have been undertaken to design mechanisms to identify new and emerging risks of chemicals. Examples are the setting up of EFSA's Emerging Risk Unit, the project on Towards a Non-Toxic Environment during which a EU-wide Early Alert System has been proposed, the development of RIVM's NERCs system and the WHO Chemical Risk Assessment Network. In general, it was found that such systems all contain similar building blocks ranging from the picking up of signals related to observed effects, to evaluating and strengthening the signals, until prioritisation of risks and follow-up actions. During the prioritization of signals many cases exist where situations cannot be given an appropriate score due to the lack of information. This part of the session aims to discuss options on how to:
- come to an effective and efficient procedure for the evaluation of signals and identifying NERCs;
- deal with data gaps and uncertainty in the NERC assessment;
- modify existing exposure and risk assessment procedures by incorporating additional and more specific end-points.
Part II – Identifying emerging hazards – improving hazard assessments:>
Knowledge in (eco-)toxicology is evolving quickly. Regulatory authorities and policy makers are striving to incorporate new knowledge into the regulatory assessment, while balancing needs and possibilities. This is a challenging process, which necessitates the input from the scientific community. This part of the session aims to discuss the following questions:
- Are there gaps in the assessment of chemical substances? Are we lacking suitable methods for specific toxicological endpoints? Which new approaches should be prioritised for further research?
- Testing of chemicals can be cost-intensive. Are there methods which help to reduce costs while ensuring a high protection level?
- What is the right strategy to identify and tackle emerging hazards/risks? How can the knowledge exchange between the research community and regulators be strengthened?
- 08:30 am Introduction (session chairs)
- 08:35 am WHO Chemical Risk Assessment Network – new and emerging risks (Richard Brown, World Health Organization, Switzerland)
- 08:50 am A study preparing for a strategy for a non-toxic environment, according to the 7th Environmental Action Programme of the European Parliament and of the Council (Urban Boije af Gennäs, European Commission – DG Environment, Belgium)
- 09:05 am Identification, prioritization and evaluation of potential New Emerging Risk of Chemicals (NERCs) for the environment (Joost Bakker, RIVM, the Netherlands)
- 09:20 am Establishment of the European Exposure Strategy 2025: Common interests of SETAC Europe and ISES Europe for picking up, sharing and communicating signals (Yuri Bruinen de Bruin, European Commission – Joint Research Centre, Italy)
- 09:35 am Panel discussion
- 10:15 am Coffee break and poster viewing
- 11:00 am Introduction (session chairs)
- 11:05 am New approaches in regulatory science (Derek Knight, ECHA, Finland)
- 11:20 am Industry perspective on new developments and gaps in hazard and risk assessment (Stuart Marshall, Independent consultant, UK)
- 11:35 am Hazard assessment methods in ecotoxicology: present and future (José Tarazona, EFSA, Italy)
- 11:50 am Mechanism-based toxicity testing and risk assessment: the EU-ToxRisk strategy (Bob van de Water, Leiden University, the Netherlands)
- 12:05 pm Panel discussion
- 12:45 pm End
Monday 08 May, 08:30 am – 10:15 am, The Arc (Level +3)
- Colin Janssen, Ghent University, Belgium
- Lora Fleming, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
- Jan Mees, Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Belgium
The marine environment contributes significantly to human health through the provision and quality of the air that we breathe, the food we eat, the water we drink and in offering health-enhancing economic and recreational opportunities. At the same time, the marine environment is under pressure from human activities. Evaluation of the impacts on both marine ecosystems themselves and on human health, have largely been undertaken as separate activities. Hence, our knowledge of the relationships between the marine environment and human health is limited and still relatively unexplored.
To address these knowledge gaps, research in this new field termed 'Oceans and Human Health (OHH)' must be directed at elucidating key environmental processes, and providing a predictive capability for both biotic and abiotic environmental influences on human health and well-being. The establishment and implementation of this type of integrated research will ultimately allow us to:
- improve our understanding of the potential public health benefits from marine and coastal ecosystems;
- reduce the burden of human disease linked with marine environmental causes; and
- anticipate new threats to public health before they become serious.
During the last decade, there has been increasing research interest and investment in multi-disciplinary Oceans and Human Health research programmes in the USA. In Europe, however, there has been considerably less activity in this area. The European Marine Board (EMB) has recently stressed the urgent need for more research in this field and for the development of an oceans and human health research framework (Moore et al, 2013). Although it is clear that research issues such as wastewater, nutrient supply/eutrophication, pollutants and acidification, HAB toxins and pathogens are in line with SETAC topics, the novelty trans-disciplinary nature of the session is that it will link these typical topics with ecosystem health (e.g. services) and human health issues.
This SETAC Special Session aims to bring together academic scientists, industry representatives and regulators to (1) provide – through overviews/reviews presented by invited speakers – an overview of the current state of the science on important topics in the OHH field and (2) discuss – through an extended discussion slot – new ways forward.
- 08:30 am – Introduction: Oceans and Human Health? What and what's new? (Jan Mees, Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Belgium)
- 08:35 am – The ocean and human health: a European perspective on an emerging integrated meta-discipline (Niall McDonough, European Marine Board, Belgium)
- 08:50 am – Red tides, Aerosols and Human Health (Lora Fleming, University of Exeter Medical School, UK)
- 09:05 am – Microbial pollution, antibiotic resistant bacteria, and Surfers (Anne Leonard, University of Exeter Medical School, UK)
- 09:20 am – Blue Gym/Blue Health! (Lora Fleming, University of Exeter Medical School, UK)
- 09:35 am – Marine biogenic chemicals, cell signaling and human health (Michael Moore, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth University and ECEHH University of Exeter medical School, UK)
- 09:50 am – Occurrence and effects of bio-active substances in marine aerosols (Emmanuel Van Acker, Ghent University, Belgium)
- 10:00 am – Frequent multi-toxin (HAB) exposure through seafood consumption: an under-estimated risk to human health? (Maarten De Rijcke, Ghent University, Belgium)
- 10:10 am – Discussion
- 10:15 am – End
8.03 - Looking across organizational boundaries: exchanging ideas on mechanistic modelling between SETAC and the International Water Association (IWA)
Tuesday 09 May, 08:30 am – 12:45 pm, The Arc (Level +3)
- Elke Zimmer, Ibacon, Germany
- Ingmar Nopens, Ghent University, Belgium
- Todd Gouin, Unilever, UK
- Kris Villez, Eawag, Switzerland
Within SETAC the advisory group MEMORISK deals with mechanistic modelling of effects at the level of the individual, the population, community and, finally, the ecosystem. Within the International Water Association (IWA), a specialist group on Modelling and Integrated Assessment (MIA) brings together global specialists in the field of (integrated) modelling in the broad sense related to water (sewer, treatment, river quality, drinking water,…). Next to building models, they also study modelling tools and methodologies and the integration also intends to seek for interdisciplinary collaboration. With this in mind, establishing the connection between both groups is a natural thing to strive for. Therefore, the main objective of this joint session is to bring together people (academics, government, consultants, industry) from both organizations (that are otherwise very unlikely to meet) to discuss about common grounds and possible synergies. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is an obvious starting point here as it calls for Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWS), in which integrated mechanistic modeling of fate and effects of chemicals can play a prominent role.
*Coupling fate to effects modeling of chemicals
- What are the missing links to couple the expertise of both groups? For example, given that water treatment plants effluents are a major point source for receiving waters, can both studied systems be connected?
- Mechanistic modelling of biodegradation of specific compounds in municipal and industrial treatment plants and receiving waters, including micropollutants
*Differences/similarities in modelling approaches between SETAC and IWA
- Type of models, their implementation, data requirements and model outputs.
- Modelling methods, including techniques for optimization, sensitivity analysis, uncertainty analysis, risk assessment, as well as modelling protocols that bind these techniques together
- Approaches for implementing mechanistic modeling in environmental policy and decision making at the regulatory level (discussing success stories, failures, current developments)
- 08:30 am Overview of major topics from SETAC & IWA (session chairs)
AI – IWA Modelling – Summary of State-of-the-Art with respect to the urban drainage and water treatment
- 08:50 am Developments in Integrated Urban Drainage (Luca Vezzaro, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark)
- 09:00 am Developments in Wastewater Treatment (Ingmar Nopens, Ghent University, Belgium)
- 09:10 am Developments in Drinking Water Treatment (Bram Martijn, PWN Technologies, the Netherlands)
- 09:20 am Discussion
AII – SETAC – Summary of state-of-the-art tools for exposure and chemical risk assessment
- 09:25 am State-of-the-art tools for exposure and chemical risk assessment (Dik Van de Meent, Independent consultant, the Netherlands)
- 09:35 am Mechanistic effect models for ecological risk assessment: where next? (Virginie Ducrot, Bayer CropScience AG, Germany)
- 09:45 am Discussion
AIII – Receiving Water Quality Impacts – Developments and Success Stories
- 09:50 am Integrating treatment facility and river network information to model spatially-explicit environmental concentrations of down-the-drain substances: iSTREEM (Christopher Holmes, Waterborne Environmental, Inc., USA)
- 10:00 am Cost-Effective and Integrated Optimisation of the Urban Wastewater System Eindhoven (Ingmar Nopens, Ghent University, Belgium)
- 10:10 am Discussion
- 10:15 am Coffee break and poster viewing
- 11:00 am Introduction (session chairs)
BI – Population/Effects/Food Web Modelling
- 11:05 am Ecological modelling can link chemical exposure to effects on the population dynamics of aquatic invertebrate species for major European rivers (Andreas Focks, Alterra Wageningen University and Research Centre, the Netherlands)
- 11:15 am Modelling of population dynamics, food web and biostatistics (Elise Billoir, Université de Lorraine, France)
BII – Chemical Risk Assessment
- 11:25 am ChimERA: integrating fate and effect modelling (Karel Viaene, Arche Consulting, Belgium)
- 11:35 am Discussion
BIII – Dealing with Uncertainties in Models and Assessments
- 11:40 am Balancing complexity and uncertainty in model-based estimation of micropollutant fluxes in integrated urban drainage-wastewater systems (Luca Vezzaro, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark)
- 11:50 am How certain are we about uncertainty of modelling approaches in environmental risk assessment? (Thomas Preuss, Bayer CropScience AG, Germany)
- 12:00 pm Discussion
BIV – Communication/Documentation of Models and their role in Regulation
- 12:05 pm Communication Approaches to implement mechanistic modelling in decision making (Frederik Verdonck, Arche Consulting, Belgium)
- 12:15 pm Use of TK/TD models in pesticide risk assessment – Current situation and possible improvements (Véronique Poulsen, ANSES, France)
BV – Discussion and Forging Collaboration
- 12:25 pm Discussion and Forging Collaboration (session chairs)
- 12:45 pm End
Monday 08 May, 11:00 am – 4:00 pm, The Arc (Level +3)
- Marc Berntssen, NIFES, Norway
- Ketil Hylland, University of Oslo, Norway
- Craig Robinson, Marine Scotland Science, UK
The marine environment is multifactorial and marine organisms are exposed a multitude of potential stressors, including chemicals. Fisheries and aquaculture have large benefits to society, but both activities also strongly affect marine ecosystems. The environmental consequences of either are linked to chemicals in marine ecosystems, albeit in different ways. For fisheries there is an uncertainty as to whether chemicals may have an additional effect on already overfished fish populations. In addition, there is a concern that fishing practices such as trawling will mobilise sediment-associated contaminants. The use of therapeutic agents, such as antibiotics and de-lousing agents, is an integral part of modern aquaculture, potentially affecting both the farmed fish and the surrounding environment. In addition, intended and unintended residue chemicals in aquafeeds can affect both farmed fish and the environment. There are therefore clear ecotoxicological interests in relation to both fisheries and aquaculture. The aim of this session is to discuss the relevance of ecotoxicology in relation to fisheries and aquaculture. Experts from different research areas will be invited to present their perspective.
- 11:00 am Introduction (session chairs)
- 11:05 am Controlling the effect of aquaculture on the environment (Øyvind Oaland, Marine Harvest Group, Norway)
- 11:25 am The use of aquaculture medicines to control sea lice should not cost the earth (Adam Lillicrap, NIVA, Norway)
- 11:45 am Emerging contaminants and toxins in aquaculture: how modern analytical tools may aid to ensure food and environmental safety (Lynn Vanhaecke, Ghent University, Belgium)
- 12:05 pm Contaminant control and development in farmed salmon- industry data (Øyvind Oaland, Marine Harvest Group, Norway)
- 12:25 pm Sex steroids in common mussels: where do they come from and what risk do they pose to consumers? (Ioanna Katsiadaki, CEFAS, UK)
- 12:45 pm Lunch and poster viewing
- 2:15 pm Introduction (session chairs)
- 2:20 pm Do fisheries practices increase contaminant mobilisation from sediments? (Ian Allan, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Norway)
- 2:40 pm Environmental contaminants in wild fish from the North East Atlantic (Amund Maage, NIFES, Norway)
- 3:00 pm Parameters influencing the levels of emerging contaminants is seafood from estuaries and open seas (Michael Kotterman, IMARES, The Netherlands)
- 3:20 pm Has tributyltin contamination reduced catches of the brown shrimp Crangon crangon? (Kris Cooreman, Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Belgium)
- 3:40 pm Discussion
- 4:00 pm End
Tuesday 09 May, 11:00 am – 4:00 pm, Meeting Studio 311 & 312 (Level +3)
- Gertie Arts, Alterra Wageningen University and Research Centre, the Netherlands
- Elisabeth Maria Gross, University of Lorraine, France
- Sabine Apitz, SEA Environmental Decisions Ltd, UK
- Lorraine Maltby, The University of Sheffield, UK
Ecosystems provide multiple services for humans, yet they are exposed to multiple stressors, such as habitat loss, climate change, invasive species, overexploitation and pollution, acting at various spatio-temporal scales, affecting all levels of biological organization, from individuals to populations and communities. Ecosystem functioning is strongly dependent on plants, which are at the base of food webs and fundamental in maintaining biogeochemical cycles. Both ecology and ecotoxicology aim to define good indicators to assess direct and indirect effects of environmental change, disturbances or stressors at the population, community, ecosystem, and landscape level.
The session begins by discussing methods used in plant ecology and ecotoxicology to measure effects of chemicals and other stress factors on plants. With examples from aquatic and terrestrial plant ecology, and by comparing undisturbed and highly impacted ecosystems, different measures and proxies used in both disciplines will be discussed. Our aim is to identify scientifically sound and economically effective indicators for ecosystem functioning and ecological risk assessment. The session goes on to explore how close we are to adopting an ecosystem services approach, increasingly the focus of environmental policy, to assessing and managing environmental risk. Do we have sufficient understanding to assess, predict and manage the effects of anthropogenic activities on ecosystem service delivery in multifunctional landscapes that are often exposed to multiple pressures? Are the monitoring, regulatory and decision frameworks that have developed over decades fit for purpose as we seek to apply this evolving knowledge? What are the key knowledge gaps that we need to address and what tools are required to address this?
- 11:00 am Introduction (session chairs)
- 11:05 am Bridging between ecology and ecotoxicology: what are suitable endpoints or response variables to detect effects on plants at different ecological levels? (Elisabeth Maria Gross, University of Lorraine, France)
- 11:25 am The performance of plant individuals, populations and species (Mark van Kleunen, University of Konstanz, Germany)
- 11:45 pm Measuring changes in aquatic ecosystems after disturbance by pollution or invasion of alien plants (Iris Stiers, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium)
- 12:05 pm What can ecosystem services and resilience considerations add to pesticide regulations and the sustainability of agriculture? (Annik Dollacker, Bayer CropScience AG, Germany)
- 12:25 pm Panel discussion
- 12:45 pm Lunch and poster viewing
- 2:15 pm Introduction (session chairs)
- 2:20 pm Ecosystem services from a regulatory/risk management prospective (Karin Nienstedt, European Commission, Belgium)
- 2:40 pm Chemicals: Assessment of Risks to Ecosystem Services (CARES). Where are we now and where are we going? (Lorraine Maltby, The University of Sheffield, UK)
- 3:00 pm Ecological production functions: key attributes and challenges of implementation (Lawrence Kapustka, LK Consultancy, Canada)
- 3:20 pm Ecosystem Services in Retrospective Risk Assessment, Remediation and Restoration: State of the Practice (Sabine Elisabeth Apitz, SEA Environmental Decisions Ltd, UK)
- 3:40 pm Panel discussion
- 4:00 pm End
Monday 08 May, 11:00 am – 4:00 pm, Silver Hall (Level 0)
- Dries Knapen, University of Antwerp, Belgium
- Dominique Lison, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
- Bruno Campos, IDAEA-CSIC, Spain
- Maurice Whelan, European Commission – Joint Research Centre, Italy
Recent advances in environmental toxicology and the use of new platforms, such as physiological measurements, genome wide information and metabolomics are reducing the gap between environmental risk assessment and human health assessment. The concepts, methods and procedures currently used for human and ecological risk assessment of chemicals show distinct differences but also some similarities. For example, typical human toxicology tools (e.g. in vitro cell lines) are routinely used in ecotoxicology and vice versa (e.g. zebrafish embryo as a model for exploring human toxicity). These practices are anticipated to change substantially over the next few decades. The roadmaps for these changes are expected to be different for ecological (e.g. trying to achieve increased environmental realism) and human health (e.g. paradigm shift from hazard-driven to exposure-driven processes) risk assessments, although the ultimate goal is similar, i.e. increasing the level of protection for both humans and the environment.
This session will bring together ecotoxicologists and toxicologists to connect and to stimulate interaction between these two fields, and to explore possibilities for synergies in chemical risk assessment. The session will focus on a number of examples highly relevant to both toxicology and ecotoxicology: mixture toxicity, endocrine disrupting compounds, pathway approaches to understanding toxicity, and the zebrafish as a model species. The aim is to identify common issues and approaches, but also to discuss and understand the differences (e.g., in terminology and threshold definitions). These topics cover various interests of the typical SETAC and EUROTOX attendance. This session could therefore serve as a starting point for further collaboration between these two societies.
Part I: Contemporary toxicological challenges
- 11:00 am Introduction (session chairs)
- 11:05 am Harmonisation of Human and Ecological Risk Assessment of Combined Exposure to Multiple Chemicals: A Food Safety Perspective (Christer Hogstrand, Kings College London, United Kingdom)
- 11:25 am Ecological risk assessment of chemical mixtures (Ad Ragas, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands)
- 11:45 am Endocrine disruption: A toxicologist's perspective (Sharon Munn, European Commission – Joint Research Centre, Italy)
- 12:05 pm Endocrine disruption: An ecotoxicologist's perspective (James Wheeler, Dow AgroSciences, UK)
- 12:25 pm Panel discussion
- 12:45 pm Lunch and poster viewing
Part II: Models and frameworks
- 2:15 pm Introduction (session chairs)
- 2:20 pm From Adverse Outcome Pathways to chemical risk assessment (Alan Boobis, Imperial College London, UK)
- 2:40 pm Application of Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) in Human Health and Ecotoxicology – Capturing Divergent Consequences of Conserved Molecular Initiating Events via AOP Networks (Daniel Villeneuve, USEPA, USA)
- 3:00 pm The zebrafish embryo model for human risk assessment: a SWOT analysis (Steven Van Cruchten, University of Antwerp, Belgium)
- 3:20 pm The fish embryo model for the environmental assessment of chemicals (Marc Leonard, L'Oreal, France)
- 3:40 pm Panel discussion
- 4:00 pm End
Thursday 11 May, 08:35 am – 10:15 am, The Arc (Level +3)
- Paul van den Brink, Alterra and Wageningen University and Research Centre, the Netherlands
The SETAC Europe Horizon Scanning Workshop was held at the SETAC Europe annual meeting in Barcelona, May 2015. The project aimed to collect and prioritize the most important future research questions as recognized by environmental scientists in Europe working in government, academia and business. The results of this project contribute to the mission of SETAC to achieve Environmental Quality Through Science®.
The aim of this session is to present the results of this workshop and to look further into the main questions and research needs. It will be followed up by a stakeholder meeting for invitees only.
- 08:30 am – Introduction to the programme and questions on vulnerability, propagation of effects, multiple stressors and effect modelling (Paul van den Brink, Alterra and Wageningen University and Research Centre, the Netherlands)
- 09:00 am – Research needs for high-throughput assessment of individual contaminants and their mixtures, both historical and emerging, and sustainable molecular design and alternatives analysis of chemical products (Bryan Brooks, Baylor University, USA)
- 09:20 am – Prioritisation and detection of existing and emerging environmental contaminants (Alistair Boxall, University of York, UK)
- 09:40 am – Predicting stressor effects on ecosystems and their services in a changing world: implications for risk communication, risk management and restoration (Lorraine Maltby, The University of Sheffield, UK)
- 10:00 am – Discussion on way forward
- 10:15 am – End


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Last weekend I had the pleasure of documenting Melissa & Av's four days of festivities. Wednesday night they kicked things off with this Henna ceremony. I am always intrigued by the ability to do this intricate art and how beautiful it looks. Once everyone got Henna'd-up, ate, there was a shugin and gifts brought to the couple. My favorite part was watching everyone get busy on the dance floor. It was so cool watching the family members pass the beautiful red candle-bearing pots (I'm just not sure what it's called) from head to head and the guys banging colorful staffs on the ground. There was also a straw instrument that was passed from person to person until there was nothing left to beat and straw all over the floor – it was pretty awesome.
Melissa watching her fiance from across the room.
Father of the bride – he was awesome.

subset: commoncrawl


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Fayose visit Ifaki-Ekiti people
Ekiti state Governor Ayodele Fayose has again called for more Support for his government from the people of Ifaki-Ekiti and the State at large.
Fayose made the call when he paid a visit to the people and leaders of Ifaki- Ekiti in Ido-Osi local government area of the state as part of his administrations drive to promote good governance.
Previous: Court orders Dasuki's trial to continue Next: Acting President Prof. Yemi Osinbajo meets NEITI


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Galloway Branch of The Pony Club had a very successful trip to Ingliston Equestrian Centre near Paisley on Wednesday 27th July.
As part of the Pony Club's Area 19, Galloway members took part in the annual team show jumping competition against other clubs from all over the west and south of Scotland. It was a very busy day with 196 combinations competing.
Club instructor Ruth McGarry was on hand all day to course-walk and help with warming up. She was kept very busy with members competing in both the indoor and outdoor arenas, sometimes at the same time!
Caitlin and Quinn Jolly represented the club at Intermediate level as individuals and both had good rounds with Caitlin going into a jump-off to achieve 6th place out of a field of 37. The novice team jumped a 90/95cm course and comprised of Charlotte Service, Mollie & Izzy Miller-Smith and Isla Forsyth who had a fantastic result with the whole team having to jump off to win 2nd place out of 16 teams, beaten only by a small margin by our friends at Stewartry Branch. This means that both clubs will travel to the Pony Club Championships at Cholmondeley Castle in Cheshire on 19th August. This is an amazing achievement for these small clubs and will be a big event for the girls and their families. Eilidh Fisher & Miami Hourglass competed as individuals and also went well.
The new Regional competition saw Galloway put 2 teams forward over an 80/85cm course. The first team of Mairi Fisher, Carolyn Fisher, Lucy Gaw and Susannah Service were placed 11th out of 20 teams and have qualified to go to the next stage of this competition against teams from the rest of Scotland, Northern Ireland and North of England. This takes place on the 7th August at the Ian Stark Equestrian Centre nr Selkirk. This team was also awarded 4th place for their Tack & Turnout which was of a very high standard indeed. The other team of Becky Dalrymple, Joanne Wallace and Tammy Campbell did well and enjoyed their big day out. For most of the members doing this class it was their first trip to the prestigious Ingliston venue, several staying overnight and stabling ponies there too, it was a great experience for them and their families. Well done everyone who took part on the day, you represented Galloway very well and a big thank you to all their supporters who came to cheer them on, it was much appreciated!A


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for the past decade, pc world magazine has had a top 100 listing of what it considers to be the best computers, laptops, and peripherals. traditionally, the "top desktop pcs" were dominated by dell and gateway machines containing various flavors of pentium microprocessors. amd systems occasionally made an appearance in the "value pc" category, but were otherwise ignored. in a clear victory for amd, amd now dominates pc world's top 15 desktop pcs listing. all of the top 5 positions in the "power listing" are athlon "barton" pcs, and 5 of the 8 "value" pcs also go to amd. the magazine conceded that an athlon-powered abs system "turned in a scorching score of 133 on our pc wordbench 4 tests … one of the highest pc worldbench 4 scores we've recorded." the athlon systems were chosen because they were inexpensive and offered good performance with an excellent price/performance ratio. for a magazine that has traditionally extolled the virtues of dell and gateway machines, this represents at least a major psychological win for amd. given pc world's enormous popularity and huge audience, this may also result in increased sales for amd systems.
user comments 48 comment(s)
|what is intel doing? (12:35pm est wed may 21 2003)
with k7 (barton) competing against the p4's, and the anthlon-64 going against the xeons (and no intel competition in the 64-bit x86 world), i have to ask myself "what is intel doing? it looks like suicide from here". – by hodar
|re: hodar (12:39pm est wed may 21 2003)
intel: big
amd: little
intel couldn't commit suicide if it wanted to, amd couldn't supply the market! – by sean langley
|re: sean – agreed (1:14pm est wed may 21 2003)
however, the more important question is, "which do we need more?"
the answer is "both."
the comment that amd couldn't supply the demand for processors is dead-on accurate. we need intel in order to keep supplies from getting too tight, despite any brand preferences the computer-using public may have.
on the other hand, we need amd to keep intel from becoming a monopoly player in the market, and to keep prices reasonable. intel is on the verge of becoming a monopoly already, although its growth appears to have been temporarily stunted by microsoft's announcement that it would produce a 64-bit rendition of windows xp for amd's amd64 (x86-64, i.e., opteron and athlon 64) cpus.
the biggest problem for amd is fab technology and capacity. they really do need to get to 0.13 micron in volume, and move to 300mm wafers asap. opteron is nice, but yields are still way too low. and the athlon xp has reached the end of the line with barton. it just won't (efficiently) scale enough to remain competitive.
the biggest problem for intel is its rush-to-market reputation. itanium i was too little, too late. certain batches of itanium ii have stability problems at rated speed, requiring cores to be underclocked at 800mhz or less. and the i820 rdram chipset with its sdram mth (memory translator hub) was a joke. all of these scenarios bring back memories of the original pentium's fdiv problems.
– by k. adams
|hodar (1:14pm est wed may 21 2003)
youve bought the hype man. i applaude amd for good product offerings…but im guessing intel's oems didn't pay the irght people this time to get intel pcs on the list. as far as intel committing suicide, that is a joke give it up. – by realist
|suicide? (2:01pm est wed may 21 2003)
even if intel were to effectively halt sales of pentium, xeon, celeron and centrino cpu's/sets – force customers in to buying itanium systems that make macintosh prices look like freakin' convenience store items – enough cutomers would bend over and say "yes master, may i have some more…"
intel isn't "on the verge of becoming a monopoly", they are for all intents and purposes already a monopoly.
|ah, the good 'ol amd vs. intel (2:17pm est wed may 21 2003)
let go of the word suicide people and focus on the rest of the post. maybe the work was too strong and should be substituted with "caught with their pants down."
ibm, microsoft, dell, gateway, and hp have all lined up to get involved with amd's new offerings which will be better for the market, the consumers, and the technology.
intel might dominate for years to come, but amd is thankfully starting to take market share away in larger chuncks vs. the small bites they've been doing for years. – by wedo
|the point… (2:31pm est wed may 21 2003)
is that you get better performance from amd right now. also a bigger bang for your buck.
the cost-performance ratio is very important in this battle.
and to all you that think being big means you're on top, not so. quality, not quantity. – by not goliath
|dont kid yourself (2:42pm est wed may 21 2003)
i'm more of an intel guy but got very sick of it's prices thus on my last (first really) build i went amd. i cant tell the difference in performance outside of benchmarks, but my wallet still has some weight to it – by tim
|one more thing (2:43pm est wed may 21 2003)
how does amd outperform a p4? especially when you can overclock that p4 to 3.5ghz with a 900mhz fsb – by tim
|not so (2:45pm est wed may 21 2003)
"the point is that you get better performance from amd right now"..
guess you havent been to tom's hardware to see intel's new offering today. athlon xp3200 is an embarassment. look at those benchmarks. amd processors are cheaper, only at the low end now. xp2800 and beyond are just as expensive as p4 in that range, only p4 performance with 800mhz bus embarasses the athlon. xp3200+ look like it should be xp2700. – by realist
|oh my, tom is the tabloid of cpu news (3:02pm est wed may 21 2003)
i dont really think it would matter what amd let loose on intel tom would still say it sucked. please point me in the direction of a thread that puts any amd on top of one of his little graphs… – by tim
|tom = tainted ? (3:18pm est wed may 21 2003)
i wondered that too, tiny tim. it seems that tom's articles of late (for reasons that are just failing to be clear) consistently puts the amd way behind the p4, prhz-to-mhz. i've looked at the numbers in detail, the configurations, the test suite – i don't see the bias. but compared to the other benchiesites out there, tom's view of amd is definitely darkly held.
i guess in the end, the outstanding price of a nforce2 mobo and a pr/2800+ amd cpu, with ddr333 memory and a kickass 2nd tier video card … just outflanks anything intel can muster for the same outlay.
– by goatguy
|bleh…. (3:27pm est wed may 21 2003)
don't put all your eggs in one basket.
you need to check out web sites other than tom's.
they aren't the only site that benchmarks. – by not goliath
|amd=noisey (3:39pm est wed may 21 2003)
i have owned a p3 533 and currently a xp2000. the p3 was much more quiet and i was able to easily upgrade my ram. the amd needed the ram to be the same kind. so what if the amd has 2.83 trilipixles more efficient preformance, the p3 was user friendly. – by animal mother
|hrm (3:57pm est wed may 21 2003)
amd could be the best processor in the world and they would still be losing to intel.
that�s how it was a few years ago and that�s how it will be in years to come.
"the p3 was user friendly"
now that�s just silly, back in the pee3 days amd was still using sdram the same kind as intel.
|re: animal mother (4:31pm est wed may 21 2003)
jesus tap-dancing christ, did you just compare the noise level of a p3 533 mhz to an xp 2000+??????????
i won't even bother to comment on how incredibly stupid your comparison is. wait, i just did. why don't you just compare the noise level of a ford focus with a mack truck while you're at it?
and i hate to even have to mention it, but you don't use pixels to measure a processors performance… that's for graphics cards you dumbass. are you sure you came to the right website? this is geek.com, just as a reminder… – by noob saibot
|i didnt know christ tap-danced (4:38pm est wed may 21 2003)
i too have noticed that my athlon makes a different noise… especially in the morning, theres this loud boing!!!!! noise. it's like a big spring or something….
oh, duh, thats my toaster popping the bread up.
one stupid post deserves another…..
|check other sites (5:21pm est wed may 21 2003)
check other sites like xbitlabs, hardocp, tech-review….they all say the same thing. that the 3200+ competes but looses in most things to the 3.0c. which means that the 3.2 p4 is going to mop the floor with it.
and judging by the review of the new "c" p4's at tech-review, i would say that the p4 even competes with the closest priced xp's. take for instance in the 2.8c is the same price as the 3000+ and roughly the same performance, depending on the benchmark. between the new 800 mhz bus and the ht all the way down to 2.4 ghz, p4's are looking mighty fine right now. – by jimbo
|the goat has a point… (5:30pm est wed may 21 2003)
i've been looking at tom's benchies as well. i know a lot of people here feel he's biased but i don't see where. the results do make sense though. memory bandwidth is and continue to be a bottleneck and p4 has kick-ass fsb. congratulations to amd though, guess they're finally getting somewhere to bad the a64 isn't out yet. – by think
|volcano fan. (5:45pm est wed may 21 2003)
re: noob saibot
well after loosing 10% of my hearing i decided to buy an after market fan. the volcano "gigablow450". it is much more quiet, and user friendly! if you were half the geek i am you would know that amd uses a different inferior fan design that requires more rpm.
just goes to show you get what you pay for :p – by animal mother
|jimbo (5:48pm est wed may 21 2003)
review sites often do not stress the processors with unoptimized benchmarks, except for a few, very few.
it seems a riddle, but if we follow a logical line, we can conclude that we should spend most of our cpu time running poorly optimized code since we don't install applications primarily because they were well-optimized or not, but because we have them to do what we want to do, and there are so many software titles out there.
in a nutshell, athlons did historically prove they execute poor code much better than the p4, so they gracefully deserve the pc world's top rankings. – by askheart
|optimized? (6:06pm est wed may 21 2003)
spec isn't optimized and yet the p4 does significantly better on it than the athlon, the same is true for linpack. – by ds
|palm & pdf's (6:22pm est wed may 21 2003)
just one point to note with the palm.
the palm does not convert pdf's properly. it removes all images which is probably why its document is smaller. i've had lots of issues with pdf's and palm support basically said too bad.
|ds (6:23pm est wed may 21 2003)
are you kidding, or something? – by askheart
|animal mother (7:39pm est wed may 21 2003)
you are virtually useless outside of your own environment – by the way
|larger market share=more expensive? (9:05pm est wed may 21 2003)
if intel is producing much more chips than amd, how come that can't push prices down? i'm no economist, but i tend to equate larger production capacities to lower cost. i'm sure intel spends lots of its pretty pennies on r&d, but so does amd.yet for all its problems with production, amd still manages to be cheaper than intel. ths just makes me think that intel is fleecing the customers for whats worth. – by supperman
|true competition = even lower prices (9:56pm est wed may 21 2003)
great! amd needs more market attention. ppl need to see that amd cpus are just as good as intel cpus and formidable competitor to intel. ideally, amd needs close to 50% market share which they only have 18% right now. in time though, amd will overcome its productions capacity problems, it needs to be making a profit and it needs to expand to other countries. (ie. athlon has never seen the light of day in some east asia countries) when intel and amd become equal competitors, we will see true price wars (just like the memory market). until then, intel will keep selling at very high prices (overrated) and amd will be looked at as the "value" chip (underrated). – by my economic theory
|the last word on intel vs amd (2:42am est thu may 22 2003)
i have been using amd chip for years now for our companys pcs and can only say that i won't buy anything else. i just can't understand why you would bother using the more expensive intel product when the amd is far cheaper and superior – by doctor pc
|please (4:27am est thu may 22 2003)
again, pc world show their stupidity. intel rule on the power front amd on the value. we've all known that for years. there was a time when amd were ahead, around willamette time, but at the moment nobody can challenge intel for power. athlon 64 may change that though. – by amadeus
|amd = better bang for your buck (5:26am est thu may 22 2003)
why do people post messages saying that amd sux and intel rules, when they do not look at the whole picture?
let's combine some of the stats posted at ace's hardware, (weekly cpu price guide). i am showing the stats for the xp3000+, not the xp3200+, because there is no price listed for the xp3200+.
ut 2003 (1280x1024x32)
jedi knight ii (800x600x32)
is there anyone here who can tell me with a straight face that the nine extra frames per second is worth almost $200? only idiots and millionaires will buy a p4 3ghz system. it is a 40% price difference!
let's look at the prices for a more modest choice cpu.
when you compare the performance/cost ratio, amd wins by a substantial amount.
last week my friend purchased a motherboard and xp2000+ combo from fry's electronics for $78. i'll agree that he doesn't have the fastest system, but he has a decent system at a great price. he will be able to play any game that comes out in the next few years at a decent frame rate. (except doom iii, but you need a $500 video card to play that.) – by solomon
|animal mother (5:28am est thu may 22 2003)
if your processor makes any audible noise whatsoever, you have my condolences. – by led
|production amd vs intel (5:39am est thu may 22 2003)
intel produces and sells 78% of x86 compatible chip on the market and they use 8 fabs to produce so (3 times 300 mm wafer a and 5 times 200 mm wafer) so it has capacity of 11 200 mm wafer fabs, while amd has 18% produced and sold of x86 comaptible cpu with only one 200 mm fab… and ibm builds sub 300 nm wafer fab for amd so amd will be able to produce 3 times more cpu/year in 2004 or in q1/2005.. amd icon and founder w.j.sanders presented in 1995, that amd will have 50% of market share in 2005… intel representatives just smiles as crazy people then, but just now, they have no reason to smile about this.. – by peto
|solomon is right (7:38am est thu may 22 2003)
amd = value for money, intel = value for a lot of money – by justboughtanuamd
|english….it's too hard (10:18am est thu may 22 2003)
lose= opposite of win
loose= your mom – by loki
|noise difference (11:52am est thu may 22 2003)
excuse me if i'm wrong, but isn't a cpu a solid state device. with no moving parts how could one produce more "noise" than another? perhaps the cooling fans. if i am wrong please correct me. – by slapher
|animal mother (2:08pm est thu may 22 2003)
"if you were half the geek i am you would know that amd uses a different inferior fan design that requires more rpm."
inferior design???? any data to back that? the designs really aren't too different. just different connection to the mobo and differnt contact with the core…due to the core shapes…not the fan design. – by blow me
|i agree (2:17pm est thu may 22 2003)
ut 2003 (1280x1024x32)
p4 3 ghz 800 mhz fsb, 89.7 fps, $499us
athlon xp 3000+, 80.7 fps, $316us
p4 — .179 frames per dollar (fpd)
p4 — .287 fpd
hey…if you want a value priced fsb go intel, but if you want value performance go amd.
but then again, fsb isn't everything… – by bubba
|re: peto (2:20pm est thu may 22 2003)
don't know if you realized it or not, but intel doesn't just make cpu's. they are also the largest flash producer and the largest chipset producer. amd does produce quite a bit of flash in their other fab's and don't produce any chipset (or maybe a few 760's or something, nothing big). so, its not like intel has horrible yields or something, so your logic makes no sense that amd will be able to provide 3 times more volume. and it would take an act of god to get amd up to 50% marketshare by 2005 just by the fact that they would never be able to produce that many chips, even with one more 300 mm fab. – by jimbo
|hey but listen to me (3:25pm est fri may 23 2003)
yeah 8 frames more in ut2003 that p4 3.0 gets over axp3000 seems bad and makes p4 look too expensive for its performance, but compare the 3.0 p4 to the 3200 xp. axp 3200 costs around 640 us and the 3.0 p4 costs 417 us, and if you see the benchmarks from most of the review sites 3200 xp is equal to 3.0ghz p4 if not slower than the p4. – by geek reader
|intel better get it's act together soon (3:45pm est fri may 23 2003)
amd is finally coming on strong and suprise, ibm is shipping 970 series ppc 64 bit (scalable to 32) chips clocking 1.7-2.8 gigs. these new ppc chips also remove the g4 bus speed block of 166 on mr moto's g4, what i've read says they are capable of supporting a bus of 800-900 mhz. add that to the fact that these chips 970 ppc can now gain the advantage of ddr memory, you wintel guys are going to be sucking serious wind in about 90 days. the mac will regain it's rightful place atop the speed rankings, just like the early days of the g4. these new chips could also be used by ibm and others to run linux, so maybe the the new ad slogan can be "intel outside". all of us in macland say goodbye mr. moto.. the line starts here. – by adam smith
|amd rules (6:45pm est tue may 27 2003)
i have athlon xp 2500 @ 1.83 ghz plus and it has 333 fsb and 512 mb ddr 400 ram. i also have p4 1.7 ghz 400 fsb and 256 mb pc 800. when i first purchased p4 system when 2.0 ghz was top of the line it cost 330 for a piece of shit mb and p$ 423 pin (lol) cpu without pc 133 ram that it took. then i bought the intel gb850 for 83$ and paid almost 200 dollars for 256 mb pc 800 ram. i only paid 100 dollars for 512 mb pc 3200 ram and only 125 for processor and 100 for abit nf7 mb. my amb cpu performs twice as many calculations at only 100 mhz faster and the ram is only slightly slower. amd sytem = better + cheaper
p$ = expensive plus hardly worth the price! amd system total cost (cpu mb ram= 300$ !!
p4 = just for mb and cpu 330!!! with rambus 530!! what a rip off! fuck intel and their 800 fsb blah blah blah, slower amd cpus outperform intels faster cpus – by take that bitch
|amd rules (6:46pm est tue may 27 2003)
i have athlon xp 2500 @ 1.83 ghz plus and it has 333 fsb and 512 mb ddr 400 ram. i also have p4 1.7 ghz 400 fsb and 256 mb pc 800. when i first purchased p4 system when 2.0 ghz was top of the line it cost 330 for a piece of sh*t mb and p$ 423 pin (lol) cpu without pc 133 ram that it took. then i bought the intel gb850 for 83$ and paid almost 200 dollars for 256 mb pc 800 ram. i only paid 100 dollars for 512 mb pc 3200 ram and only 125 for processor and 100 for abit nf7 mb. my amb cpu performs twice as many calculations at only 100 mhz faster and the ram is only slightly slower. amd sytem = better + cheaper
p$ = expensive plus hardly worth the price! amd system total cost (cpu mb ram= 300$ !!
p4 = just for mb and cpu 330!!! with rambus 530!! what a rip off! f*ck intel and their 800 fsb blah blah blah, slower amd cpus outperform intels faster cpus – by take that bitch
|amd to p4 an upgrade? (6:11pm est sun jun 22 2003)
i've got a soltek nforce2, an xp2600+ clocked at 2.2ghz, 1024mb pc2700 ram running nice on a 170mz fsb. the whole thing benchmarks just over all similar setups i've seen posted. (slight o/c)
intel are tempting me away with the memory bandwith specs which doubles on intel i865pe or i875 chipset mainboards.
is it reasonable for me to believe i should get a value based system using an overclocked 2.4gig p4 on an i865 chipset mainboard running 1024mb of dual channel ddr400?
or isn't there any practical advantage?
– by stumped
|xp=slow (10:40am est fri aug 01 2003)
a p4 3ghz is a lot faster than a xp3200+ and a p4 2.4ghz is faster at more things than a xp3200+ – by em
|intel vs amd (12:27pm est fri oct 31 2003)
gb850 chipset motherboards socket 423. an example of intel blumber. suck – by amd rule
|intel gb850 motherboad (12:30pm est fri oct 31 2003)
i have this very same board. locks up all the time and the processor cost almost $400.00. this was a joke – by wells
|amd 2100+ (4:37pm est sat nov 08 2003)
i have an amd 2100+ i bought from a direct warehouse last year, at the time, it was very nice, what can i do to improve its performance that is cost effective? – by j dogg
|take a look (6:52am est mon sep 05 2005)
amd is making the best performance with the cheapest price (p4 3.0ghz 190eu /amd 3200 100 eu )is that enough to make the difrence??? – by jim


text:
Indexing and Links
DOAJ – Directory of Open Access Journals is a Categorized, searchable links to free, full text, quality controlled scientific and scholarly journals hat meet high quality standards by exercising peer review or editorial quality control. The aim of the Directory of Open Access Journals is to increase the visibility and ease of use of open access scientific and scholarly journals thereby promoting their increased usage and impact.
Google Scholar Provides a search of scholarly literature across many disciplines and sources, including theses, books, abstracts and articles. Publish or Perish uses google scholar to find articles, citations, calculate several indexes etc.
EBSCOhost databases and discovery technologies are the most-used, premium online information resources for tens of thousands of institutions worldwide, representing millions of end-users.
Genamics JournalSeek is the largest completely categorized database of freely available journal information available on the internet.
Open J-Gate is an index directory dedicated to the promotion of the Open Access movement for scholarly journals.
CrossRef is an independent membership association, founded and directed by publishers. CrossRef's mandate is to connect users to primary research content, by enabling publishers to work collectively. CrossRef is also the official DOI® link registration agency for scholarly and professional publications. Our citation-linking network today covers tens of millions of articles and other content items from thousands of scholarly and professional publishers.
Index Copernicus (IC) is an online database including scientist profiles, institutions, publications and projects established in 1999 in Poland. The database has several productivity assessment tools which allow tracking the impact of scientific works and publications, individual scientists, or research institutions. In addition to the productivity aspects, the Index Copernicus also offers the traditional abstracting and indexing of scientific publications.
BASE is one of the world's most voluminous search engines especially for academic open access web resources. BASE is operated by Bielefeld University Library.
WorldCat is the world's largest network of library content and services. WorldCat libraries are dedicated to providing access to their resources on the Web, where most people start their search for information.
Journal Tocs is for anyone who's looking for the latest or most current papers published in the scholarly literature with international coverage. Academics, librarians, students, researchers, and anyone else should find it useful.
Academic Journals Database is a universal index of periodical literature covering basic research from all fields of knowledge. Academic Journals Database contains complete bibliographic citations, precise indexing, and informative abstracts for papers from a wide range of periodicals. Academic Journals Database indexes about 3000 internationally respected journals.
Science Gate
The aim of Sciencegate is to make scientific literature from the open access segment available free of charge on the internet. n order to achieve this goal, scientific data from over 1,400 universities and open access journals are collected, categorised and refined in the Sciencegate internal database, which currently contains over 26 million data records relating to scientific articles.
New Jour: A directory focused on new journals and newsletters available on the internet.
Scirus is a scientific research tool with over 410 million scientific items indexed. Sicrus allows researchers to search for not only journal content but also scientists' homepages, courseware, pre-print server material, patents and institutional repository and website information.
Linkedin is the world's largest professional network with over 120 million members.
SHERPA/ROMEO is a listing service primarily for the use of the academic research community. It refers to journals and describes their basic policies. SHERPA/ROMEO provides a searchable database of publishers' copyright and selfarchiving policies for pre-prints and post-prints.
MedOANet addresses the necessity for coordinated strategies and policies in Open Access to scientific information in Europe. The project will enhance existing policies, strategies and structures for Open Access and will contribute towards the implementation of new ones in six Mediterranean countries: Greece, Turkey, Italy, France, Spain, Portugal.
International Society of Universal Research in Sciences (EyeSource) is a scientific body aiming to promote research about facts and dynamics in real world. EyeSource is a non-profit, non-governmental organization with the purpose to provide an electronic platform to academics/researchers to publish their work.
ResearchGate is the professional network for scientists and researchers. ResearchGate was built for scientists, by scientists, with the idea that science can do more when it's driven by collaboration.
CAS (Chemical Abstract Service), a division of the American Chemical Society, is the world's authority for chemical information. CAS is the only organization in the world whose objective is to find, collect and organize all publicly disclosed chemical substance information.
Nelson Education Ltd. is Canada's leading educational publisher providing innovative products and solutions for learners of all ages. Nelson values and respects the life long learning continuum and dedicates its business efforts to the diverse learning needs of students and educators alike.
The Ulrich's knowledgebase is the source of Magazines for Libraries™, which has been reviewing the best publications for all types of serials collections – general reader and school, college, university, and public libraries – since 1969. Explore the Magazines for Libraries Update, available exclusively through Serials Solutions, for a sample of current and archived reviews written for librarians by the Magazines for Libraries subject specialists.
The Summon® service provides a digital front door to library resources. The only discovery service built to purpose, the Summon service provides a complete and compelling discovery experience expressly designed to meet the needs and expectations of today's users.( in process)
OCLC is a worldwide library cooperative, providing services and research to improve access to the world's information.
SCImago (in process)
International Impact Factor Services (IIFS) was founded by renowned scientists. A group of 70 scientist from various countries in different disciplines are started IIFS with specific objective of providing quality information to the researcher. IIFS offering academic database services to researcher. Its mainly: citation indexing, analysis, and maintains citation databases covering thousands of academic journals, books, proceedings and any approved documents .
DRJI provides ready access to education literature to support the use of educational research and information to improve practice in learning, teaching, educational decision-making, and research.
Join Us: https://www.facebook.com/Petrotex.USA
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text:
I was shocked to read the other day that KFC, the fast food giant that used to be known as Kentucky Fried Chicken is to change its slogan from "Finger Lickin' Good" which is distinctive to "So Good" which is bland and boring.
(Photo from viZZZual.com)
Even worse, So Good can apply to anything and could be used by anybody.
It doesn't convey any kind of interesting message at all.
According to KFC, this is a good thing as it can move attention away from the food (mmm) to new areas like their staff. Evidently "finger lickin' good" is too food-centric according to Martin Shuker, chief executive of KFC UK and Ireland.
The master-plan is to reposition KFC as offering healthier food options.
It's good that the food is getting better for you as it is scandalous how bad a lot of food is but at least fried chicken and chips never made any health related claims.
The old KFC's catchphrase came about by accident in the 1950s when a US TV advert showed franchisee David Harman licking his fingers after eating some chicken.
A viewer phoned to complain and manager Ken Harbough, justified the action by saying 'Well it's finger lickin' good.
What do you think?
Is KFC making a mistake replacing "finger lickin' good" with "so good"?
And if change is needed, can you think of a better, more appropriate slogan?
Paul Simister is a differentiation coach who helps small business owners to profit from differentiating their businesses, being distinctive in the eyes of their customers and standing out in a crowded marketplace.
You too can move past your profit tipping point by answering the seven big questions of business success.


text:
RDA: Resource Description & Access is a package of data elements, guidelines, and instructions for creating library and cultural heritage resource metadata that are well-formed according to international models for user-focused linked data applications.
RDA is being developed to meet the needs of:
Related FAQs:
What standards is RDA related to?
How does RDA support linked data?
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How is RDA translated?
RDA uses the IFLA Functional Requirements family of conceptual models (FRBR, FRAD, and FRSAD) as its basis. These models are now consolidated into the IFLA Library Reference Model (LRM) that will be used as the future basis for RDA.
RDA also uses linked data principles based on Resource Description Framework (RDF) and the Dublin Core Abstract Model (DCAM), following the Data Model Meeting at the British Library in 2007.
The RSC has formal relationships with other library standards organizations, such as the ISSN International Centre, so that decisions can be communicated and standards coordinated.
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How is RDA related to MARC?
RDA has been developed to support linked data applications and the Semantic Web since the Data Model Meeting in 2007.
The RDA entities, elements, relationship designators, and vocabulary encoding schemes are represented in Resource Description Framework (RDF), the syntax of open linked data and the Semantic Web, in the RDA Registry. Entity, element, and designator data are contained in RDF element sets. Vocabulary data are contained in RDF value vocabularies using Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS). The element sets and value vocabularies contain the data for RDA Reference and are collectively known as the RDA Vocabularies.
The RDA Registry also provides a set of elements and designators that do not specify the RDA entities, for use in linked data applications that do not use the conceptual model that is the basis of RDA.
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RDA is developed and maintained by the RDA Steering Committee (RSC) on behalf of the RDA Board.
The RSC and RDA Board have international representation supported by specialist roles.
The Chair of the RSC is a member of the RDA Board, and the Chair of the RDA Board is a member of the RSC.
The content of RDA Toolkit is maintained using a content management system.
RDA guidance and instructions are maintained within the system. Guidance and instructions are adjusted by the RSC through formal, community-initiated processes and are published in RDA Toolkit four times per year.
RDA Reference data for RDA elements and values are maintained in the Open Metadata Registry and imported into the system as a linked data application of the RDA Registry. RDA Reference data are continuously maintained and is published through GitHub in coordination with Toolkit releases. For further information, see RDA Reference: Data flow and maintenance.
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RDA Reference includes the labels, definitions, and scope notes of RDA entities, attributes, relationships, relationship designators, and vocabulary encoding schemes for controlled data values.
The RDA Registry contains linked data vocabularies that represent the RDA elements, relationship designators, and controlled terminologies as RDA element sets and RDA value vocabularies in Resource Description Framework (RDF).
The RDA Board and RDA Steering Committee (RSC) encourage translations of RDA Reference and RDA Toolkit guidance and instructions to support international communities.
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RDA Reference: Translations includes instructions for downloading and translating RDA Reference data from the RDA Registry.
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RDA is owned by the Co-Publishers of RDA:
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The RDA Vocabularies containing RDA Reference data, in the RDA Registry for linked data applications, are freely available under an open license.
For more information on RDA Toolkit, visit their FAQ.
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RDA data should be encoded using any format that preserves the integrity of the RDA entities and elements.
RDA supports various Database Implementation Scenarios.
The RDA Registry provides vocabularies for encoding RDA data as linked data for the Semantic Web.
The use of RDA data in specific applications, including displays, is out of scope for RDA. RDA data is intended to meet the needs of a wide range of applications and user communities.
The MARC 21 format is in common use for encoding RDA data.
The RDA Steering Committee has a liaison protocol with the Library of Congress Network Development and MARC Standards Office.
The RDA Toolkit provides mappings between RDA elements and MARC 21 Authority and Bibliographic encodings.
Full Record Examples of RDA Cataloging include RDA data encoded in MARC 21.
RDA is also encoded in the UNIMARC format, as well as non-MARC formats.
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Proposals for developing the content of RDA are submitted to a member of the RDA Steering Committee (RSC) for consideration by the RSC via a formal process.
Topics related to RDA are discussed on the RDA-L email list. The list is not moderated, and does not reflect the formal views of the RSC or RDA Board unless explicitly stated.
Inquiries about Customer Service and Technical Support for RDA Toolkit, including pricing and subscriptions, renewals, translations, and permissions, should be emailed to email@example.com.
Inquiries about the RDA Registry and linked data applications should be emailed to the contacts listed on the Registry home page.
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The RDA Steering Committee (RSC) publishes regular announcements about RDA in the News and announcements section of the RSC website.
The RSC publishes formal proposals for the development of RDA, the outcomes of discussion, and resulting changes to RDA in the Documents section of the RSC website.
ALA Digital Reference publishes regular announcements about RDA Toolkit and RDA in the News & Information section of the RDA Toolkit website.
The RDA Development Team makes posts on technical aspects of the RDA Vocabularies in the RDA Registry blog.
A free trial of RDA Toolkit is available.
Full record examples of RDA cataloguing are available using pure RDA elements, MARC 21 encoding, and RDA linked data. Other training resources may be found on the Toolkit website.
RIMMF (RDA in Many Metadata Formats) is a freely available tool for creating RDA data in RIMMF format and RDA linked data for training and small-scale applications.
RDA training is available online in a variety of ways from regional, national, or specialist experts. Basic instruction workshops, updates, and refreshers are held via webinar or in-person from various professional organizations and are often publicized through RDA-L.
These include Library of Congress RDA training materials, workshops held by OCLC, training courses from the National Library of Australia, videos from the American Library Association's Association of Library Collections and Technical Services, and materials in the Cataloger's Learning Workshop.
In addition, there are many printed volumes on various aspects of RDA, including the general introduction RDA Essentials. Other titles may be found in the ALA Store.
The April 2017 release of RDA Toolkit is the final update to the English text of RDA on the original Toolkit site. Freezing the text establishes a stable base upon which changes to RDA content can then be implemented. Changes to RDA content will be developed as part of the RDA Toolkit Restructure and Redesign (3R) Project, and will be shared on a beta site for public feedback. The "frozen" Toolkit will remain the official version of RDA until the RDA Steering Committee and RDA Board have approved the updated content on the beta site.
Related FAQs:
What is the 3R Project?
The RDA Toolkit Restructure and Redesign (3R) Project brings together some necessary and desirable developments of the structure and content of RDA Toolkit, including implementation of a standard document model for content management, integration of RDA with the new IFLA Library Reference Model (LRM), and extended personalization features.
The 3R Project section of the RDA Toolkit blog contains updated information.
3R Project: Update from 2016 Frankfurt Meeting and Implementation of the LRM in RDA contain further information about aspects of the project.
Answers to frequently asked questions about the 3R Project may be found here.
Page updated 16 July 2018


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Our main Dolphin Promotions site is now re-designed and live!
It has taken us months to get round to it but we have finally re done our main site for Dolphin Promotions. We still have a few little glitches to work out with the RSS feeds, and we have plenty more things to add especially for our networking services so keep you eyes peeled.
Recommended Posts


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David Kimutai Too (August 23, 1968 - January 31, 2008) was a Kenyan politician affiliated to the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM). He was a high school teacher and then a headmaster from Kericho in central Kenya before being elected to the National Assembly from Ainamoi Constituency from a field of 13 candidates in the December 2007 parliamentary election. Charles Keter, a fellow Member of Parliament, described Too as "a very humble, quiet man." The "List of alleged perpetrators" of the 2007/2008 post-electoral violence of the Kenya National Human Rights Commission however lists him among the suspects on place 3 (page 180) and charges him with "planning, incitement, and financing the violence".[1]
Too was shot dead by Andrew Moache, a policeman, on January 31 2008. The shooting occurred during the same period as the rioting that swept Kenya following the disputed Kenyan 2007 presidential election.[2][3]
He was 39 years old at the time of his death. He was killed along with his girlfriend, policewoman Eunice Chepkwony, who was also dating the police officer who shot them, Andrew Moache, according to the official account of the incident. The Police Spokesman said that: Too and Chepkwony were driving by Chepkwony's house on the outskirts of Eldoret when Moache appeared on a motorcycle. He shot her in the stomach and Too in the head after accusing her of cheating on him. David Too died right away, and Eunice died while undergoing treatment at a hospital.
Too's death sparked more riots, as public opinion- in part shaped by the utterances of ODM bigwigs- was that it was politically motivated since he was a member of the Kalenjin tribe which heavily supported Raila Odinga in the elections and was the second member of parliament of the ODM party killed that week (the first was Melitus Mugabe Were). Kenyan government officials rushed to deny any claims that it was politically motivated, claiming that it was a "crime of passion". However, rioters and the opposition movement denied this explanation, the ODM calling it an assassination,[2] accusing the government of seeking to reduce the number of ODM Members of Parliament.[2][3] Mediation talks with Kofi Annan were temporarily halted and UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon announced that he would come to Kenya to assist in the mediation process.[3]
Too's funeral, widely attended by opposition leaders, was held on February 9 in Chepkioyo. ODM Secretary-General Anyang Nyongo said at the funeral that "the blood of David Too must run to the door of those who stole the election".[4]. The subsequent Ainamoi constituency by-election was won by his brother Benjamin Langat [5].


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|1 Wheatfield Drive, Lurgan
|End Townhouse
|EPC Rating
MoveMade is delighted to bring to the market this well presented 3 bedroom end terrace property. Situated in a popular residential area in Lurgan and ideally located within walking distance to Lurgan town centre, Kings Park primary school and Lurgan junior high.
The property boasts great accommodation with three spacious double bedrooms, a large living room, dining room and kitchen. The family bathroom consists of a 3 piece white suite and a shower over the bath. Externally the property boasts a large front yard and a very well maintained paved yard to the rear. There is ample on-street parking.
Early viewing is recommended as this is a perfect opportunity for first-time buyers and investors alike.
To arrange a viewing or for more information please contact Move Made Estate Agents on 02838 812555.
Living Room
8' 11" x 18' 11" (2.71m x 5.77m) Carpeted
Dining room
10' 1" x 10' 0" (3.07m x 3.06m) Carpeted
13' 6" x 8' 4" (4.11m x 2.53m) White kitchen with laminate worktops. Lino flooring. Freestanding cooker, washing machine and fridge freezer
Bedroom 1
16' 8" x 10' 1" (5.07m x 3.08m) Carpeted double bedroom
Bedroom 2
5' 10" x 12' 11" (1.77m x 3.94m) Carpeted double bedroom
Bedroom 3
10' 2" x 8' 6" (3.10m x 2.58m) Carpeted double bedroom
8' 0" x 5' 8" (2.44m x 1.72m) 3 Piece white suite with an electric shower over the bath
Move Made Estate Agents have endeavored to prepare these sales particulars as accurately and reliably as possible for the guidance of intending purchasers or lessees. These particulars are given for general guidance only and do not constitute any part of an offer or contract. The seller and agents do not give any warranty in relation to the property. We would recommend that all information contained in this brochure is verified by yourself or your professional advisors. Services, fittings and equipment referred to in the sales details have not been tested and no warranty is given to their condition, nor does it confirm their inclusion in the sale. All measurements contained in this brochure are approximate.
Fill in your details below and a member of our team will get back to you.
3 Bed Semi-detached HouseOffers around £69,950
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The same article in Japanese 日本縦断ラン 11~12日目(広島~岡山)
<Day11(Apr. 12)>
Mihara, Hiroshima~Fukuyama, Hiroshima
●Walking day again
I had a rest day to heal legs pains yesterday.
It still pains.
Oh, it has not be healed yet.
However, I couldn't stop running for 2 days, so I decided to walk to the next place.
At 4 a.m. I started from Mihara, Hiroshima.
Setonai-kai ocean is very calm in early morning.
As seeing the sun-rise shines around, I just walked alone.
Beginning of the day is so peaceful.
I felt good before the cool wind.
●Onomichi, Hiroshima
I arrived at Onomichi, Hiroshima at 7 a.m.
It is a nostalgic small port-town.
I wanted to spend long time there, but there was no store opened.
The only ones opened were convenience stores.
I bought a local specialty, egg ice cream, at Seven-Eleven.
I liked it.
It simply tastes good.
By the way, convenience stores here have large selections.
Especially, daily necessities like as cleanser and clothing are much supplied.
Is it a kind of small super market in this place?
In my opinion, convenience stores show local character there.
It is interesting to check it with a sense of that.
●Fukuyama, Hiroshima
After walking for a while, I got into Fukuyama.
I hadn't seen such a big city for long time.
There is Fukuyama castle near Fukuyama station.
Although Sakura was getting to fall out, there were many people see watch them.
As I was so tired, I took a rest and see Fukuyama castle after lunch.
I ate Okonomiyaki, Hiroshima's local food, for lunch.
It is nice you can watch a process of cooking it.
It was delicious.
In Fukuyama, many people talked tome like that.
"Wonderful! You run across Japan!"
"Do your best on your journey."
It made me energetic so much.
"Do your best."
It is very simple word, but helps tired people so much.
●Joyfull again
I stopped running as strong pain on my legs.
Even walking, it is very hard to walk 40 km one day.
And, I would stay at Joyfull tonight.
I swear to you.
I am not a sales man of Joyfull.
[Day11・ Distance 39km]
<Day12 (Apr. 13)>
Fukuyama, Hiroshima~Kurashiki, Okayama
●Kicked out of Joyfull at 3 a.m.
When I sleep at Joyfull, a clerk woke me up.
"It is prohibited to sleep in this restaurant."
...Oh, I'm so sorry.
It is me that use it wrongly, so I had no excuse.
I paid and go out of the restaurant.
Still, is it heartless to kick me out in raining at 3 a.m?
Besides, there were very few people in the restaurant.
My legs were not at good condition yet.
It seemed impossible to run today too.
●Route 2 at 4 p.m.
It was raining all the day today too.
And, it was a very dark mountain hill road.
Many huge trucks was running on the road.
I was exposed to rain at 4 a.m.
In this situation, I just walked alone little by little.
I felt I was so pity.
But, it was me who decided to do this running journey.
I cannot blame on anybody for it.
That's it is to go a minor way.
●Okayama prefecture
Going through Fukuyama, I got into Kasaoka,Okayama.
It was my first time to be in Okayama.
Then, same as convenience stores, traffic cultures show local characters there.
In Hiroshima, I didn't see so many signals for walkers.
But, in Okayama, I saw them more.
And I felt cars there were running more slowly.
From walker's view, not trains and bus, it is easier to discover that kind of things.
●Konko town
As the rain getting harder, I looked for a place to take a shelter.
And I stopped at Konko town, Asakuchi city.
It is named for the religion of Konko-kyo.
It is curious.
As the name, there is the headquarter of Konko-kyo there.
I searched it on Wikipedia later, and it seems the one of new religions opened in late Edo era.
I saw much Konko-kyo culture on many place in the town.
So curious.
But, I found no place to take a rest, so I passed through the town.
I regretted I couldn't take any photo there because my phone had run out.
For the next, I arrived at Tamashima, Kurashiki city.
It is a nostalgic town too.
To say more, I felt as I was in Edo-era play.
I wondered how it had remained old atmosphere.
Although it is a very my personal opinion, the towns in Okayama are so mysterious and curious.
They have so unique atmosphere.
I can feel as I was traveling time.
If I had more time, I hoped to walk around more.
As looking for a place to take a rest, I finally arrived at Kurashiki.
I walked 44 km today.
It made me terribly tired.
It is easier to run than walk the same distance because it takes less time to move.
When I run, I can move 10 km for about 1 hour.
But, when I walk, it takes more than twice time to move the same distance.
Walking is more hard in terms that total time of work-out is long.
And walking is different from running in terms that you can fully think about everything.
When you run, you couldn't afford to concentrate to think so much.
When you run, your mind usually get very simple.
When you walk, your mind usually get complicated.
I don't say which is better.
However, I am a person who usually think something seriously.
So, I prefer running since I can be crazy and simple.
After I recognized me as a running junkie, I stayed at a hotel near Kurashiki station.
[Day12・ Distance 44km]


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Microsoft has already stated that they would release a batch of critical updates to it's most popular products like Windows,Internet explorer and Office.
It is mandatory to keep your computer patched with these updates and make sure that you are on the safer side of Windows.Also don't forget to use an up to date antivirus program.Five bulletins will be released labeled as critical.Even the internet explorer 6 receives a patch !. It is also notable that it is the last set of updates before Windows 8.1 preview hit's the market.If you have Windows update service on, then your computer will be patched automatically.


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Alternative Titles
Synonyms: I'm a Pet, Boku wa Petto
Japanese: ぼくはペット
Type: One-shot
Volumes: Unknown
Chapters: 1
Status: Finished
Published: Jun 2005
Genres: Yaoi
Authors: Oki, Ginjou (Story & Art)
Serialization: None
Score: 6.981 (scored by 862 users)
1 indicates a weighted score. Please note that 'Not yet published' titles are excluded.
Ranked: N/A2
2 based on the top manga page. Please note that 'R18+' titles are excluded.
Popularity: #6690
Members: 1,506
Favorites: 5
No discussion topic was found.


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By "socialism" we refer to the concept as it is referred to here (https://www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/s/o.htm), as a social organization whereby the means of production, distribution, and exchange are owned and managed democratically, in conditions of
You can use arrow keys to navigate in the map.
Workers can ensure that they are not marginalized and forced into wage slavery under Capitalism. The underlying cause of what you would class as wage slavery is low quality education systems - currently identified for example in the United States as the Public School system, despite the highest socialist-type dollar spending per pupil on average than any other western nation. Private skills gaining organizations with little State interference would be a good case for a replacement to attain access to robust education. o_achiron
'Marginalized' and 'forced into wage slavery' are highly charged emotive ways of stating what you believe is one of the obstacles between the workers and reducing their poverty. Capitalism does not 'force into slavery' these workers to practice sub-standard education, arguably a greater antecedent cause of a poverty trap. o_achiron
http://www.themoneymasters.com/ bitcoin.com pricedingold.com
edited, phrased very poorly
You assume that the generation of maximum surplus (profit) is a cause which precludes maximum social benefit. A case could be made that maximum social benefit requires first the attaining of maximum surplus. Profit is simply 'maximal surplus'. It is ideological to assume that conducting an action with the most bountiful surplus being achieved is a route towards guaranteeing poverty (the eradication of poverty must be met by surplus). o_achiron
There is no such a thing as "value" in socialism, so the premise is attacking something else, not "socialism". luis2henrique
1) This is factual untrue. The Great Society/War on Poverty Programs Began in 1964 and poverty declined sharply between 1964-1974 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States#/media/File:Number_in_Poverty_and_Poverty_Rate_1959_to_2011._United_States..PNG). 2) There were any number of similar wealth transfer ("Socialist" in the common parlance) programs implemented before this period such as Social Security that researchers believe had enormous impacts on poverty in the U.S. (GV Engelhardt, J Gruber, 2004 - NBER). So the cutoff suggested in this premise is totally arbitrary and quite misleading. 3) Even if every facet of this premise were factually correct, it would still only prove a correlation, not causality. rynebrandon
D. Rodrik, "One economy, many recipes" http://wer.worldeconomicsassociation.org/files/WEA-WER-4-Woodward.pdf


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Direct Mobile: 07866 528 355 Email: email@example.com
Welcome to Wallace Interior Solutions Limited.
We are a small hands on family company based on over 30 years industry experience refurbishing, fitting out, altering and repairing office interiors and all types of commercial workspace and providing a comprehensive after care and small works service.
Your One Stop Shop We provide complete workspace solutions including all the dry trades covering the installation of partitions, ceilings, carpentry, raised floors, glass, finishes, office furniture, storage wall systems, signage and graphics. All finishes and decorations for the floor wall and ceiling.
In addition we provide a comprehensive services package via our in house electrical and data cabling installation team, including lighting, power points, UPS, alarms, security systems, and air conditioning and cooling.
As a small family company without the huge overheads of a city office but with many years experience succesfully delivering a multitude of very different projects for some very demanding clients and still saving them thousands of £s on each and every project.. without compromising quality or safety.
You would be mad not to get in touch and see how we could deliver your upcoming project at a much more economical cost.
Wallace Interior Solutions Limited is based in Stanford Le Hope, close to the new DP World London Gateway superport and logistics park and a short distance from the M25 / A13 intersection ideally positioned to serve our client base in Thurrock, Essex, Kent, Isle of Dogs, Docklands and on into central London, London West End and throughout greater London. Our London office refurbishment and electrical installation, engineering team at WISL are only a stones throw away from central London and any Kent or Essex location and are ready and waiting to create, adapt or refurbish your new office space, reception, break out area, data suite, shop, restaurant, bar, warehouse, workshop, electrical installation testing and fault finding, carrying out repairs and maintenance or move you into your premises.
Whether you're fitting out a new office, creating a new data suite, building a media edit facility or having a front of house or reception makeover, a new T point or break out area, moving partitions to create more open plan space, creating a few more desk positions, having a new suspended ceiling installed or some energy efficient lighting or require some additional electrical power points, why not make your first port of call Wallace Interior Solutions Limited.
WISL's office refurbishment london team can assist you with every facet of your project – from the initial feasability to master plan down to the last door knob and that crucial move.
In the meantime, you can explore our website to learn more about us, our services and our existing project portfolio.
Basildon, Southend on Sea, Corringham, Stanford Le Hope, Grays, Coryton, Chelmsford, Dartford, Canvey Island, Brentwood, Bulphan, Orsett, Horndon, Pitsea, Thurrock, Lakeside, Chadwell, Tilbury, East Tilbury, Barking, Romford, Purfleet, South Ockendon, Upminster, Laindon, Wickford, Dagenham, Limehouse, Isle of Dogs, Docklands, Greenwich, City, West end , City of London, Central London, London West end, Soho, Bank, Embankment, Aldgate, Holborn, Chancery Lane, St Paul's, West Horndon, Bexley, Greenwich, Lewisham, Leigh, Leigh on Sea, Chalkwell, Westcliff, Westcliff on sea, Rayleigh, Hornchurch, Billericay, Rochford, Hockley.
39 Edinburgh Avenue
Corringham, Stanford Le Hope
Tel: +44 1375 402463
Mob: +44 7866 528355
You can also contact us at any time using our online contact form.
London Essex Kent


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In this world travel information for youths the travel data for children was researched thoroughly by mother and father and children who love to travel. As soon as we have got crucial knowledge, we create the most complete cell travel guides. Looking Packet Contains the Looking & Trapping Handbook from Recreation, Fish and Parks; a South Dakota Trip Information and a South Dakota State Highway Map. Enter your info under to request your copy of the annual Pennsylvania Happy Traveler Information. Get FREE email communications from Fodor's Travel, overlaying must-see travel destinations, expert journey planning advice, and travel inspiration to fuel your ardour.
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This family travel guide is based on a singular travel guide concept: It is written and maintained by children and oldsters for kids and their parents. The annual Travel Information is included, at no further cost, with every paid subscription to Lake Superior Journal, named Journal of the 12 months by the Minnesota Journal & Publishing Association. Alberta's Official Lodging Guide provides you with a listing of all Authorised Accommodations in Alberta. Check out our Travel Guide for must-see adventures, places to stay, upcoming events and way more. The ultimate guide to culinary travel in Emilia Romagna, dwelling to the perfect meals in Italy! Match your golfing needs to a tee and find your ideally suited New Jersey public golf course on this handy guide.
Our children information will show many kids travel tales, kids interviews and kids travel experiences and on this Kids's Travel Information additionally, you will find many footage about life in the different nations – There are numerous images of the wildlife, population, sights, food, customs, vacation activities for teenagers as well as a youngsters world map and flags for children, many fun quizzes and travel trivia questions for kids and so much extra.


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Explore all that Austin has to offer in the best way possible--by bike! Whether you want to casually tour around town, get technical on the trails in one of Austin's parks, or go for a long ride out to Lockhart for some BBQ, we have the right ride to enhance the perfect day.
Check Out Our Fleet
Rental bikes are available at the Lamar and Guadalupe shops.
In stock
Use Bontrager's RXL 29er Tubeless Rim Strip to convert your RXL TLR 29er wheel (sold separately) to tubeless. Riding tubeless lets you lower your tire's air pressure for more traction and a smoother ride with considerably less flats.
Includes one rim strip. Presta valve sold separately.
In-Store Pick-Up
Every product on our website is available for in-store pick-up at any of our five Austin Area locations.