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I had thought that when I had posted my 38 Week Thrifted Maternity Closet update that it would be my last in that series but after I had returned from the hospital I went through my maternity set from when I was pregnant with Isobel, titled "The Peanut Gallery" because we referred to her as "Peanut" while she was in the womb, I realized I had taken a post postpartum photo with her in the sling. It was taken around Mother's Day so Isobel was a month old and bigger than Elias at this point, but I didn't want to wait.
This isn't a very impressive outfit from a fashion standpoint or a thrifted one but it was comfortable and easy and that's all I really cared about. Isobel was off having an adventure with Ama and Anthony and I went out for our first post-baby trip to our favorite breakfast place. I remember making the same trip with Isobel and being so nervous she'd wake up and fuss that I was distracted the whole time. I am so relieved to be able to parent without the crushing anxiety of having a newborn for the first time.
While at the restaurant I wore a cute thrifted sweater that I would have kept on for the photos had it not already became too hot for me to wear it. I also wore one of my favorite thrifted necklaces (also visible in the photo) but it got in the way of the sling so I took it off. All that remains of my thrifted style is this simple black tank and vinyl bus bag I was using for baby supplies while out. Speaking of black tank tops, I'm of the opinion–and it could have something to do with the fact that it's over 80 degrees for about eight to nine months of the year here–that you can never have too many. I currently own at least three and wouldn't hesitate to buy another one should I find one in my size while thrifting.
I am so thrilled to be free of the traveling maternity box and happily look forward to passing the remains of the maternity clothes in my closet onto my cousin. She has a friend at work who's pregnant and currently housing the collection. I have a few pairs of very forgiving jeans and otherwise stretchy pants so I can kiss maternity pants goodbye forever.


text: VERNON, NY- With the 2015 racing season just a couple months away, Utica-Rome Speedway has released its tentative schedule for the upcoming campaign. Not only is another season of weekly NASCAR Whelen All-American Series racing planned, but the track will be visited by some of the top touring series in the nation. As has been the case the past several years, two big Modified events will bookend the summer months with the annual running of the Victoria 200 Weekend on May 24 and 25, and the New Yorker 200 Weekend on September 6 and 7. Both events will be 100…More

subset: commoncrawl


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Number the Stars (1989)
Number the Stars was probably one of the first fiction books I read about the Holocaust and World War II. (I know I also read The Hiding Place and The Diary of Anne Frank, but both of those are nonfiction.) What did I remember about Number the Stars after all these years? Well, I remembered that it was about a young girl who had a Jewish best friend. I remembered that the girl's family helped the friend and her family get out of Denmark. I remembered the intense scene where German soldiers come to her house looking for hidden Jews. But most of the details had faded away. So it was definitely time for me to reread.
Annemarie is the heroine of Number the Stars. I loved her. I loved her courage and loyalty. Ellen is Annemarie's best friend. I love that readers get an opportunity to see these two be friends before it gets INTENSE. I also love Annemarie's family. I do. I don't think I properly appreciated them as a child reader. One thing that resonated with me this time around was Annemarie's older sister, her place in the story. The setting. I think the book did a great job at showing what it could have been like to grow up in wartime with enemy soldiers all around. In some ways it was the little things that I loved best. For example, how Annemarie, Ellen, and Kirsti (Annemarie's little sister) play paper dolls together, how they act out stories, in this case they are acting out scenes from Gone with The Wind. I think all the little things help bring the story to life and make it feel authentic.
For a young audience, Number the Stars has a just-right approach. It is realistic enough to be fair to history. It is certainly sad in places. But it isn't dark and heavy and unbearable. The focus is on hope: there are men and women, boys and girls, who live by their beliefs and will do what is right at great risk even. Yes, there is evil in the world, but, there is also good.
© 2015 Becky Laney of Becky's Book Reviews


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Folding kayaks are an adventurer's dream. They pack up into your car, can be assembled, in some cases, in approximately 15 minutes, and function like a regular kayak. There is a folding kayak for almost every situation, from lakeside lounging to sea touring to white water. Depending on your preferences, your experience and your budget, you can find a quality folding kayak from a variety of manufacturers.
Feathercraft Wisper
Feathercraft is a trusted brand with a plethora of folding kayak options. If you are looking to make a multi-day trip to remote places, the Wisper might be your best single craft option. According Folding Kayak Adventures' Lyle Hancock, the Wisper has improved upon the company's popular Kahuna model. Hancock states the Wisper is faster and more maneuverable than the Kahuna, with sea-worthy stability. Despite being so steady on the water, he claims you can still easily perform an Eskimo roll. The boat is 15 feet, 7 inches in length with its cross ribs composed of high-density polyethylene. It is available in a lighter weight, 33 lbs., or the standard skin weight of 37.5 lbs. It also comes with a spray skirt, strap-on skeg, stern hatch and cockpit thigh bracing bars that all fit in a durable backpack.
Folbot Cooper
In the folding kayak business since 1933, Folbot created the Cooper with speed and maneuverability in mind. Its most popular boat, the Cooper has, according to the company website, the body of a supermodel and the heart of an athlete. Slim and svelte, it is only 16 feet, 6 inches long and 24 inches wide. Foldingkayaks.org states that it is possibly the lightest performance folding kayak available; it accelerates well and tracks fast. Made with a skin-tensioning system, the whole frame is snapped together outside the skin for easy assembly. Designed for oceans, lakes and flat-water rivers, it folds up into a backpack or suitcase.
Klepper Aeuris II
If you are in the market for a double boat for a month long expedition, the Klepper Aerius II is a natural choice. The oldest design on the market, this craft was rated the most sea-worthy on foldingkayaks.org. At 17 feet long and 36 inches wide, it was designed to handle two people with payload, or gear weight. You can attach a sail as well as adjust the boat for single use. The website states that unless you are a large paddler, the boat is not necessarily easy to maneuver as a single. Once you get the hang of it, this boat can be assembled in approximately 15 minutes.


text:
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Accede a tu cuenta con:
It's your handy passport to culturally enriching travels with the most relevant and useful Mandarin phrases and vocabulary for all your travel needs
Get More From Your Trip with Easy-to-Find Phrases for Every Travel Situation. With language tools in your back pocket, you can truly get to the heart of wherever you go, so begin your journey now!
.Full-color throughout.
.User-friendly layout organized by travel scenario categorie.
.Survival phrases inside front cover for at-a-glance on-the-fly cues.
Coverage Includes: Basics, Practical, Social, Safe Traevl and Food chapters.


text:
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Wren Slouchy w/ Elast In Vintage Nutmeg The Wren is a slouchy slim boyfriend jean with drop rise. 5-pocket styling. Front pockets are extra scoopy for the most slouchy look and feature inverted pintucks. Made in the U.S.A. 64% Lyocell, 34% Cotton, 2% El Front Rise: 8 1/2", Leg opening: 9 3/4", Inseam: 22-24" Free Shipping on all orders MADE IN U.S.A.


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Liposonix® Slimming & Fat Loss Treatment
Liposonix® is a safe, non-invasive aesthetic treatment and method of fat loss which has been approved by US FDA authorities especially for waist reduction (https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/pdf10/K100874.pdf). Although the technology is widely utilized to treat fat loss around the waist, it is also used to treat pockets of fat elsewhere around the body.
Other areas treated by Liposonix® for fat loss:
- Thighs and calves
- Arms
- Love handles
- Bra bulges
- Buttocks
However, not everyone's body is the same and not everyone has a large volume of fat that can fit into those devices. This is where Liposonix® comes into play.
With a hand piece area of 5 x 5 cm, Liposonix® can treat any area of fats which have at least a volume of 5cm x 5cm x 2.5cm(1 inch). We all know about those small stubborn bra-bulges or underarm fats, which can now be treated by Liposonix® effectively.
It is also suitable for those fit individuals with just small pockets of fat on the tummy and love handles, who wish to get that nice contour.
Is Liposonix® suitable for both men and women?
Throughout the years this technology has been used to treat deposits of fats located on bodies of both males and females. Men and women who are too busy to get rid of that last pouch of fat on their bodies. Even after working out and following strict diets in the past.
Somehow if there still are pockets of fats on the body, this machine can be used to treat, and blast away fats, the results though take longer than the more permanent and immediate method of fat removal, liposuction.
People from all walks of life utilize this advanced radiofrequency technology to break through barriers of fats.
- Lawyers
- Home-makers
- Executives
- Teachers
- Professionals from all types of industries
What makes Liposonix® effective in removing fats?
Other fat reduction technologies, such as radiofrequency and lasers are often ineffective because the energy is highly absorbed or scattered near the skin surface.
This limits the penetrative power of the device and thus fails to successfully address fatty deposits beneath the skin.
However, the device, uses ultrasound energy, which effectively penetrates through the skin layers and into the targeted fat tissue without harming skin or surrounding tissues.
Other ultrasound body contouring technologies often use low-intensity, low-frequency, or unfocused energy which can require multiple treatments and lead to unpredictable results.
The system uses high-intensity focused ultrasound energy to non-invasively destroy targeted subcutaneous fat and deliver uniform, predictable results after a single one-hour treatment.
5 Frequently Asked Questions About Fat Reduction
- Are weight loss treatments safe?
The safety of treatment with the Liposonix® system was assessed through 24 weeks post-treatment. There were no serious adverse events or unanticipated adverse device effects related to treatment with the investigational device.
- Is the treatment painful?
Almost all patients report experiencing no pain. Liposonix® by its nature is completely non-invasive. During the treatment you may experience certain sensations on your skin, these include pricks, tingles and temperature changes varying from warm to cold.
- How does Liposonix® really work?
The Liposonix® fat loss device focuses high-intensity ultrasound energy at a precise point (1.3 cm) within the targeted fatty tissue in the body without harming the skin or surrounding tissues and organs. This causes thermal coagulation of fats.
The destroyed molecules of fats are gobbled up and processed by your body's macrophages that are drawn to the treated area by certain biochemical signals. The lipid-laden macrophages then move through the lymphatic system to the liver, where the lipids are processed by the body's natural biochemical pathways.
Adipocytes that are destroyed in the treated area are no longer available to store fat.
- I would like to view before and after pictures of this treatment, how do I do that?
To view successful Liposonix® cases (before and after pictures) you would be required to visit a clinic personally, this is due to impositions by the Ministry of Health upon all private clinics and hospitals in Singapore.
- What is the price of a treatment?
The cost of Liposonix® is calculated on a "per session and per area" basis. Each session may be focused on targeting several areas of your body. Therefore in order to find out the fees associated with this procedure, the best way is to discuss it directly with the surgeon.


text: Here at Dynamic Fireworks we have a vast range of fireworks for sale, so you will always find something that fits your needs. We sell consumer fireworks, which you can purchase online or from our showroom. We have showrooms in Colchester, Essex and Ipswich, Suffolk, so you can always come to our store. Here our Weiter lesen


text:
Release Date: 11/03/2011
Catalogue No.: HFD001
Record Label: Hydrofunk
Format: CD
Catalogue No.: HFD001
Record Label: Hydrofunk
Format: CD
Found The Sound is Beats Working's second offering, following the release of Harbour Drive through Obese Records. Striving to go beyond the boundaries of hip hop, 'Found the Sound' dabbles in everything from punk to soul, rock, electro and latin, with the operative word being eclectic. Beats Working are teaming up with HYDROFUNK RECORDS for the release and including guests such as Ezekial Ox (Mammal), DNO, Tommy Illfigga, DJ Katch, Blu Rum 13 and introducing the amazing talent of Mez Murphy on vocals.
Be the first to write a review.
Beats Working
Found The Sound
Purchase CD
AUD $21.95 (inc. GST)


text:
On this edition of De-Manufacturing Consent, Guillermo is joined by the author of the book Don't Do Drugs, Stay Out of School and host of Unplugged Mom Radio, Ms. Laurette Lynn. Guillermo and Laurette discuss the history of compulsory public education and its roots in the Prussian model, developed to increase industrial productivity, encourage authoritarianism, and eventually a totalitarian society. We explore the notion of school as a mechanism of control, the alternatives to this system, and how parents can regain control of their children's education.
Listen to the Preview Clip Here
Podcast (preview): Play in new window | Download
Listen to the full episode here (BFP Subscribers Only):
Podcast: Play in new window | Download
This site depends exclusively on readers' support. Please help us continue by SUBSCRIBING, and by ordering our EXCLUSIVE BFP DVDs.


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The Real Cindy, "Swiftboated!"
** The Real Cindy Sheehan, the one the liberal media does not want you to see! **
From Bill O'Reilly's Talking Points Memo, in a rally supporting Lynne Stewart, convicted of aiding terrorists, Cindy said this:
– "America has been killing people, like my sister over here said, since we first stepped on this continent."
– "We have been responsible for death and destruction."
– "It's OK for Israel to occupy Palestine, yeah,… and it's OK for Iraq no, for America to occupy Iraq, but it's not OK for Syria to be in Lebanon. They're a bunch of f**king hypocrites!"
This from the AP– Her simple, quiet protest of the war that took her son's life is gaining momentum as dozens joined her Wednesday at the site. Sheehan, 48, has insisted on speaking to Bush and vowed to remain during his ranch stay through the end of the month. Her tenacity has gained the support of anti-war groups, with one activist calling her 'the Rosa Parks of the anti-war movement. (Quiet? Simple? Rosa Parks?)
Frank Rich in the Sunday New York Times wrote "The Swiftbating of Cindy Sheehan" opinion piece. Frank was right on with his description of the media frenzy surrounding "Mother Sheehan".
Although he is a bit off the port side (as The Captain would say) with his analysis…
When these setbacks happen in Iraq itself, the administration punts. But when they happen at home, there's a game plan. Once Ms. Sheehan could no longer be ignored, the Swift Boating began. Character assassination is the Karl Rove tactic of choice, eagerly mimicked by his media surrogates, whenever the White House is confronted by a critic who challenges it on matters of war. The Swift Boating is especially vicious if the critic has more battle scars than a president who connived to serve stateside and a vice president who had "other priorities" during Vietnam.
That's quite a mouth full of liberal talking points in that one paragraph alone. Be assured the rest of his piece is more of the same. It is funny how the dreaded Karl Rove is now involved in the Cindy Sheehan fiasco, too, somehow.
But, the real brilliance in this piece by Frank Rich is the one small bit of honesty that is written right there in the headline. "Cindy Sheehan and Swiftboats"… The similarity between the two stories is uncanny!
1.) The 100+ swiftboat veterans for truth were virtually ignored by the mainstream media. The truth about Cindy Sheehan's dark Leftist past has been virtually ignored by the mainstream media.
2.) Bloggers, conservative radio, and fair and balanced FOX News, brought the real swiftboat veterans into the public eye. Bloggers, conservative radio, and fair and balanced FOX News, brought the real Cindy Sheehan into the public eye.
3.) The left attacked the swiftboat veterans (mercilessly) and not their allegations. The left is also attacking those who speak out against Cindy Sheehan and not their allegations.
4.) The swiftboat angle was supposed to be an edge for John Kerry in the election. Cindy Sheehan was supposed to be a "win" (sick) for the Anti-War Left in pushing their cut and run policy for Iraq.
5.) The left was enraged that they were caught in their lie about John Kerry being so well liked by his veteran brothers. The left is enraged that their lie that "Cindy Sheehan is a normal moderate mother in mourning" is being revealed.
So, Frank Rich is absolutely correct. This is "The Swiftboating of Cindy Sheehan!"


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21st Century Policing
In December 2014, in response to continued policing killings of civilians and subsequent urban uprisings, President Obama signed an executive order to establish the Task Force on 21st Century Policing. Over the next year, the task force convened several times and issued its final report, including a set of recommendations for the nation's police departments.
Since then, our nation has faced the on-going legacy of disturbing shootings of unarmed citizens, mentally ill citizens, and people of color. There are cities and police departments around the country actively working on long overdue reforms to reduce police bias, increase accountability and transparency, and bring police operations in line with the recommendations of the President's Task Force.
Our resources and examples on the proceeding pages focus on the six core areas defined the Task Force on 21st Century Policing:
- Building Trust and Legitimacy
- Policy and Oversight
- Technology and Social Media
- Community Policing and Crime Reduction
- Officer Training and Education
- Officer Safety and Wellness
Mayors alone can't reduce police violence and bias, but they can play a key role in how their law enforcement officers approach their job, creating accountability, and in the city's approach to keeping its citizens safe.
Not Trained to Not Kill, Curtis Gilbert, American Public Media, May 5th, 2017. Read more.
Guiding Principles on use of Force, Police Executive Research Forum, March 1st, 2016. Read more.
President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing Implementation Guide, Washington, DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, October 27th, 2015. Read more.
A Strategic Resource for Mayors on Police-Involved Shootings and In-Custody Deaths, Cities United, Resources Series. Read more.
Additionally, The National Institute of Justice produces a variety of reports and statistics on issues of concern to law enforcement, such as scientific studies on the effects of fatigue on law enforcement, and the impact of different methods of Use of Force training, that may be useful in weighing policy considerations.
Many police departments, such as those in Burlington (VT), Minneapolis (MN), San Francisco (CA), and Salt Lake City (UT) are stepping up their officer training in de-escalation techniques. Sometimes called "Force Mitigation," using strategies to slow down interactions and alternatives to physical force in a police response can reduce the likelihood of fatal interactions with police. Police Executive Research Forum Executive Director Chuck Wexler has written extensively on this topic, and it is the cornerstone of the organization's "30 Guiding Principles on Use of Force," released in 2016.
Officers need more training and tactics to interact with agitated, mentally ill, or drug or alcohol impaired citizens. According to data released by the Washington Post, approximately 25 percent of fatal officer-involved shootings in 2015 involved subjects displaying signs of mental illness. Burlington (VT) partners with its local Street Outreach Team, which provides crisis intervention services in response to calls involving people suspected of experiencing mental health episodes. Salt Lake City's (UT) Community Connection Center, located in one of the city's most volatile neighborhoods, embeds social workers in the police department to look for other ways to serve distressed citizens during and after their interactions with the law.
Increasing productive and peaceful police and community dialogue can improve police-community relations. Charlotte's Cops and Barbers initiative has worked to build relationships between police and the community; Spokane's (WA) Youth and Police Initiative is working to build relationships and dismantle stereotypes, as have initiatives like Shop with a Cop and town hall meetings in places like Toledo (OH).
To increase public trust and transparency, many departments and cities are turning to data and technology. The Cranston (RI) Police Department uses MyPD, a mobile app that enables residents to submit feedback directly to the department. Departments across the country are increasingly posting use of force and biased policing reports directly to their web sites, and distancing their review boards both physically and personnel-wise from their main law enforcement operations. In addition to publishing a wealth of police data online, the city of Toledo (OH) is further using data in its Operation STOP program to target high crime areas for proactive enforcement and then to offer residents in those areas additional resources.
The mental and physical health of officers is also a factor in their ability to behave reasonably and compassionately. The Henderson (NV) Police Department created a Restorative Rest Program to reduce fatigue and increase mental focus by allowing for on-duty officers and supervisors a resting period in a secure location during breaks. Many other departments are pursuing a variety of officer wellness programs, from yoga classes, to mandatory screenings, to crisis and violence counseling services.
Katya Szabados
(608) 262.5831
At the Summer 2017 Annual Meeting we heard from experts and community leaders on how cities are working to build public trust, train police, and spur better police and community dialogue. Click here to view presentations from the panel, and here to view and download the briefing book.


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International List of Scale Model Related Web Sites
General Interest/Individuals
Total of 306 sites, now showing 1 to 10.
Michael Paul Smith's Elgin Park
United States
For over 25 years, Michael has been building delightfully detailed scale models. Elgin Park is a collection of 1/24 scale recreations of everyday scenes from mid-20th century America.
J-Model Works
A Japanese modeler's personal website to promote the art of scale modeling. With model gallery, technical tips, blog, and an extensive directory of Japanese model makers and scale modeling related web sites. In Japanese and English.
Russian Scale Models Illustraded Interactive Catalog
Chantilly, Virginia, United States
This is an online illustrated interactive catalog with fully enabled search based on the database containing model descriptions as well as manufacturers from the former Soviet Union.
Jeff's 60s
Oregon, United States
Personal site about 60s stuff with pages to showcase vintage Aurora monster model kits with instruction sheets and army toys.
WIKING MODELLE - catalogue of all scales
Berlin, Germany
collection of all wiking-products.
Collected Rambling and Imagery of Nathan Fariss
Emeryville, Ca, United States
Personal blog of Nathan Fariss, computer graphic artist, photographer, and scale modeler.
Martin Brunkers Site
Personal website focused mainly on pinball table design, but also has a section on scale model constructions.
Stefan愀 Scale Modelling
Halmstad, Sweden
A presentation of my scale models in plastic and wire. Mostly converted or scratchbuilt aircraft in 1:72 scale.
Das Wettringer Modellbauforum
Wettringen, Nrw, Germany
Deutsches Plastik Modellbauforum mit einem sehr guten querschnitt an Zivilen und Militarischen Modellen.
São Paulo, Sp, Brazil
Site of my private collection, aimed at scales 1/64 and 1/87, with an emphasis on larger models fastidiousness as Kyosho, Minichamps, Tomica, Spark, etc. BUB. Collected 1/18 1995 to 2008 (shown on the page as well), changing scales in 2009.
Page: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Next Page >>


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With our efficient Tracking & Tracing you can have a worry free pick up and delivery experience.
You can easily stay updated on the location of your shipment with our system, by showing descriptive information from the date/time it was picked up, departure from pick up, to the arrival of destination and date/time of delivery.
Other features include: Terminal origin and destination information, each shipment will have a Reference number, Product and Carrier Details, view/print your POD and BOL, and our system also offers the option to receive an email notification when your shipment has been picked up and delivered.


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Identity management IS a big issue. And definitely something you want to take care of in a growing, multi-tiers, infrastructure. So the goal of this chapter is to describe the implementation of a reliable LDAP infrastructure using Debian and OpenLDAP.
We will discuss the following:
That's quite a lot of work, so let's get started ! My main source of information is Mastering OpenLDAP, from Matt Butcher, published at PACKT Publishing, and the official OpenLDAP documentation.
OpenLDAP is a set of tools to use and manage LDAP annuaries. Among them lives Slapd, the OpenLDAP Server. This one can be easily installed using the debian repositories.
ramiel:/# aptitude install slapd ldap-utils
ldap-utils is an additional package that contain most of the LDAP tools we will use with the directory, such as ldapsearch or ldapadd.
The installation process then asks for the password of the administrator:
We have a directory: /etc/ldap that contains the few following files:
ses0gnoc:/etc/ldap# ls -l total 28 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 245 nov. 26 11:12 ldap.conf drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 nov. 10 20:24 sasl2 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 févr. 7 11:17 schema -rw-r----- 1 root openldap 4760 févr. 7 11:38 slapd.conf -rw-r----- 1 root root 4786 févr. 7 10:15 slapd.conf.orig
Let's backup the original slapd.conf file:
ses0gnoc:/etc/ldap# cp slapd.conf slapd.conf.orig
By default, slapd accepts requests from everywhere. We can change this in /etc/default/slapd. Simply edit the line SLAPD_SERVICES.
# vim /etc/default/slapd [ ... ] # listen on localhost only SLAPD_SERVICES="ldap://127.0.0.1:389/ ldapi:///"
This is the main configuration file for slapd. We will spend some time here, so understanding its syntax is important.
The file is structures as follow:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ { GLOBAL } ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This section contains the global configuration parameters, such as the modules to load, or the daemon information (pid file and so on...). In this section, we will also declares the **schemas** usuable by the LDAP directory. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ { DATABASES } ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This section will contain the trees of the LDAP Directory. Each tree starts with a declaration of the **database** keyword (that also contains the database type, such as 'hdb') and it has a root defined by the value of **suffix**. The declaration of a new tree starts with the declaration of a new **database** value. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ { ACLs } ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Access Control Lists define the rules to access the information inside the LDAP Directory.
Now, let's dig into slapd.conf section by section.
The first part include the global parameters, and in particular the schemas used by OpenLDAP. A schema contain the definition of a set of objects and attributes. For example, the core.schema file contain the definition of the object person as follow:
407 objectclass ( 18.104.22.168 NAME 'person' 408 DESC 'RFC2256: a person' 409 SUP top STRUCTURAL 410 MUST ( sn $ cn ) 411 MAY ( userPassword $ telephoneNumber $ seeAlso $ description ) )
This definition clearly state that this object class person represents a person as defined in RFC 2256. This object must contain one sn (surname, or last name) and one cn (full name) fields, and may contain several other optional fields. The $ sign is a separator sign (like a comma or a hyphen).
Therefore, when the LDAP administrator will create a new person, he will have to respect this definition. Otherwise, the LDAP directory will reject the entry.
In addition to the object classes, the schema also contains definitions of attributes, like the mail attribute that defines a case un-sensitive string representing a RFC 822 email address.
558 attributetype ( 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.3 559 NAME ( 'mail' 'rfc822Mailbox' ) 560 DESC 'RFC1274: RFC822 Mailbox' 561 EQUALITY caseIgnoreIA5Match 562 SUBSTR caseIgnoreIA5SubstringsMatch 563 SYNTAX 22.214.171.124.4.1.14188.8.131.52.26{256} )
Other schemas, like inetorgperson, can contain more exotic information, such as:
attributetype ( 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.60 NAME 'jpegPhoto' DESC 'RFC2798: a JPEG image' SYNTAX 22.214.171.124.4.1.14126.96.36.199.28 )
… a jpegphoto (could be anything, but let's say it is your ID photo).
By default, slapd on debian includes four schemas:
Except for 'nis', the three other are linked and reuse objects from each other. So we will keep those three, and comment 'nis' out.
# Schema and objectClass definitions include /etc/ldap/schema/core.schema include /etc/ldap/schema/cosine.schema #include /etc/ldap/schema/nis.schema include /etc/ldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema
Slapd logs using syslog. It sends its logs to the LOG_LOCAL4 facility. So we need to modify syslogd configuration to send LOCAL4 to an actual file, and adapt the loglevel of slapd to get more information.
Syslog can be configured in /etc/rsyslog.conf. Just add the following lines at the end.
# for slapd local4.* /var/log/slapd.log
And now, in slapd.conf, set loglevel to stats (the loglevel are listed in man slapd.conf).
# Read slapd.conf(5) for possible values loglevel stats
For additionnal diagnostic, I like to set loglevel to the following items: "loglevel stats sync ACL config filter".
The rest of the file is self commented. We do not change these values…yet.
# Where the pid file is put. The init.d script # will not stop the server if you change this. pidfile /var/run/slapd/slapd.pid # List of arguments that were passed to the server argsfile /var/run/slapd/slapd.args # Where the dynamically loaded modules are stored modulepath /usr/lib/ldap moduleload back_hdb # The maximum number of entries that is returned for a search operation sizelimit 500 # The tool-threads parameter sets the actual amount of cpu's that is used # for indexing. tool-threads 1
Slapd support a large number of database backends. I will not cover all of them, because, for the most part, people stick to HDB. HDB is an enhanced version of Berkeley DataBase.
HDB is only an optimization of BDB to solve the special needs of hierarchical trees that are LDAP directories.
Back to slapd.conf, let's take a look at the declaration of the database. Debian automatically creates a database for the domain of which the system belongs. So, in our case, it would be linuxwall.info. Therefore, the default database section looks like this:
####################################################################### # Specific Directives for database #1, of type hdb: # Database specific directives apply to this database until another # 'database' directive occurs database hdb # The base of your directory in database #1 suffix "dc=linuxwall,dc=info" # Where the database file are physically stored for database #1 directory "/var/lib/ldap" # For the Debian package we use 2MB as default but be sure to update this # value if you have plenty of RAM dbconfig set_cachesize 0 2097152 0 # Number of objects that can be locked at the same time. dbconfig set_lk_max_objects 1500 # Number of locks (both requested and granted) dbconfig set_lk_max_locks 1500 # Number of lockers dbconfig set_lk_max_lockers 1500 # Indexing options for database #1 index objectClass eq # Save the time that the entry gets modified, for database #1 lastmod on # Checkpoint the BerkeleyDB database periodically in case of system # failure and to speed slapd shutdown. checkpoint 512 30 [ .. truncated file, we will cover the ACLs later ...]
This directive as two functions:
This is the root of our database. Nothing can be created before this root, and all of the objects of the directory will have a distinguished name ending with this suffix. For example:
Distinguished Name: cn=Jean-Kevin Michel,ou=people,dc=linuxwall,dc=info
This is the location of the data files. Slapd will store LDAP objects, views and internal data for this directory into files located at /var/lib/ldap/.
samchiel:/var/lib/ldap# ls -al total 1116 drwxr-xr-x 2 openldap openldap 4096 2010-05-05 11:50 . drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4096 2010-05-05 11:24 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 openldap openldap 2048 2010-05-05 11:50 alock -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 24576 2010-05-05 11:50 __db.001 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 253952 2010-05-05 12:20 __db.002 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 2629632 2010-05-05 12:20 __db.003 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 98304 2010-05-05 12:20 __db.004 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 778240 2010-05-05 11:53 __db.005 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 32768 2010-05-05 12:20 __db.006 -rw-r--r-- 1 openldap openldap 96 2010-05-05 10:15 DB_CONFIG -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 8192 2010-05-05 12:20 dn2id.bdb -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 32768 2010-05-05 12:20 id2entry.bdb -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 10485760 2010-05-05 12:20 log.0000000001 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 8192 2010-05-05 12:20 objectClass.bdb
Therefore, log isn't just some activity information, it's clearly the heart of the directory.
If you want to delete a directory, you need to stop slapd and delete the db* , *.bdb and log* files.
samchiel:/var/lib/ldap# rm __db.00* *.bdb log.*
This directive is used to tweak the database backend. The parameters are specific to each backend. In our case, the parameters have the following meaning:
The first two arguments are summed up to determine the cache size. The third one should usually be 0 or 1, to have one segment only. The default value is very low on Debian: only 2MB. But since we have no data in the directory yet, it will be enough for now.
To speed up searches and lookup, you can define indexes on certain type of objects or attributes. An index will be stored into a separate datafile, such as objectclass.bdb as seen before, and be optimized for fast lookup.
index are very interesting for attributes that are used in searches. Thus, if you plan on using the uid attribute, or cn attribute, a lot, it's interesting to put an index on those.
The default index, on objectclass, is important because almost all searches will include something like objectclass=person or equivalent. Therefore, slapd will have to look for the corresponding objectclass everytime a search is performed, and you should want to speed this up.
As explained by Matt Butcher in his book (page 238), we can define two additional indexes as follow:
index cn eq,sub,pres,approx index uid eq
The third column determine the type of index:
We then add those indexes to slapd.conf and manually launch the index command to create two new files in /var/lib/ldap:
samchiel:/var/lib/ldap# /etc/init.d/slapd stop Stopping OpenLDAP: slapd. samchiel:/var/lib/ldap# sudo -u openldap slapindex -q samchiel:/var/lib/ldap# ls -l total 468 -rw-r--r-- 1 openldap openldap 2048 2010-05-05 15:01 alock -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 8192 2010-05-05 15:01 cn.bdb -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 24576 2010-05-05 15:01 __db.001 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 253952 2010-05-05 15:01 __db.002 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 2629632 2010-05-05 15:01 __db.003 -rw-r--r-- 1 openldap openldap 96 2010-05-05 10:15 DB_CONFIG -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 8192 2010-05-05 12:20 dn2id.bdb -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 32768 2010-05-05 12:20 id2entry.bdb -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 10485760 2010-05-05 14:59 log.0000000001 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 8192 2010-05-05 12:20 objectClass.bdb -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 8192 2010-05-05 15:01 uid.bdb samchiel:/var/lib/ldap# /etc/init.d/slapd start Starting OpenLDAP: slapd.
As you can see, we now have to new file: cn.bdb and uid.bdb.
This function is an overlay. An overlay is some sort of module that slapd will call when necessary and that will perform some specification action before the action is operated by the directory. In the case of lastmod, the overlay simply adds 4 additional fields to an object:
dn: cn=Jean-Kevin Michel,ou=people,dc=linuxwall,dc=info cn: Jean-Kevin Michel [ ... ] createtimestamp: 20100505095305Z creatorsname: cn=admin,dc=linuxwall,dc=info modifiersname: cn=admin,dc=linuxwall,dc=info modifytimestamp: 20100505131013Z
As mentionned before, Slapd works asynchronously for the most part. It means that datas will not be committed to the static files right away, but might stay in memory for a little while (they are, however, committed to the log journal in a synchronous manner). checkpoint can be used to trigger a commit by looking at either the amount of data waiting for commit, or the time of the last commit. If either of these limits are reached, checkpoint will trigger a commit.
checkpoint <amount of data in kbytes> <time limit>
The default value (512kbytes max, or 30 minutes) is satisfying enough for our needs.
Access Control List are at the root of the security policy of the directory: it controls authorization. ACLs are used to define the acess to objects of the directory.
An ACL starts with the access directive. ACLs can be placed either in the database section, in which case they are specific to a database, or at the top of the configuration, in which case they apply globally, to all backends. The most specific ACL is always applied first (thus, the backends ACLs are preferred).
As defined in the Admin guide, an ACl has this form:
access to <what> [by <who> [<access>] [<control>] ]+ where the <what> part selects the entries and/or attributes to which the access applies, the <who> part specifies which entities are granted access, and the <access> part specifies the access granted. Multiple <who> <access> <control> triplets are supported, allowing many entities to be granted different access to the same set of entries and attributes.
access to attrs=userPassword by dn="cn=admin,dc=linuxwall,dc=info" write by anonymous auth by self write by * none
There are several ways to bind to a LDAP directory. One of them is using the SASL library, that provides secured method to transport the authentication from the client to the directory.
Imagine that we want our users to be able to bind to the directory without using a TLS channel, but still without disclosing their passwords. SASL provides a solution to this, called DIGEST-MD5 (RFC 2831.
DIGEST-MD5 works as follow:
The format of the challenge sent by the server to the client follows the description of the RFC:
digest-challenge = 1#( realm | nonce | qop-options | stale | maxbuf | charset algorithm | cipher-opts | auth-param )
Once again, we can find the description of this string in the RFC:
digest-response = 1#( username | realm | nonce | cnonce | nonce-count | qop | digest-uri | response | maxbuf | charset | cipher | authzid | auth-param )
The interesting value is response, the last one, that contains a MD5 hash of the given field plus the password. The response value is computed as follow:
MD5(A1:nonce:cnonce:A2) where:
So, in the end, the response is composed of: MD5(MD5( username:realm:password:nonce:cnonce:(authzid)):nonce:cnonce:"AUTHENTICATE:", digest-uri)
LDAP supports SASL by default. However, SASL uses authentication string that are different than the LDAP strings. Therefore, Slapd must be configured to rewrite the string received from SASL into something it can understand.
Another important point is that, since Slapd needs to calculate the MD5 response in order to validate the challenge, it needs to have access to the clear version of the password of the user. Therefore, we have to store password in cleartext in the directory. That and important limitation of SASL, and some serious file level protection will have to be deployed in order to cover the risk of loosing the datafiles, with the passwords in clear.
SASL string looks like the following: uid=toto,cn=linuxwall.info,cn=DIGEST-MD5,cn=auth <uid>,<realm>,<algorithm>,"auth"
Slapd needs to transform this into something LDAP friendly. To do that, we can add a regular expression into slapd that will take the UID value and put it into a LDAP URI. The rule below needs to be copied inside slapd.conf into the database section.
# SASL rewrite rule authz-regexp "^uid=([^,]+).*,cn=[^,]*,cn=auth$" "ldap:///dc=linuxwall,dc=info??sub?(uid=$1)"
The resulting URI will be something like, for example, ldap:///dc=linuxwall,dc=info??sub?(uid=julien). This request will search the entire directory for an object that has the uid 'julien'. Feel free to adapt the scope of the research to your needs.
We will discuss the population of the directory later, but for now, we need to ensure that all the passwords are stored in cleartext. It means that, when changing the password of a user with some external tool (like phpldapadmin), you need to set 'CLEAR' passwords.
Also, in the database section of slapd.conf, we add the following:
password-hash {CLEARTEXT}
Now, if you want to test this, restart your slapd server and try to perform a search using a SASL binding:
samchiel:/# ldapsearch -Y DIGEST-MD5 -U julien -R 'linuxwall.info' -H ldap://localhost -D 'dc=linuxwall,dc=info' -b 'ou=people,dc=linuxwall,dc=info' -LLL '(uid=julien)' SASL/DIGEST-MD5 authentication started Please enter your password: xxxxxxxxxxx SASL username: julien SASL SSF: 128 SASL data security layer installed. dn: cn=Julien Vehent,ou=people,dc=linuxwall,dc=info givenName: Julien sn: Vehent cn: Julien Vehent uid: julien objectClass: inetOrgPerson objectClass: top userPassword:: Rf6RT48hzznopP0
The binding works perfectly. You can also check your Slapd logs and you should see the following:
May 6 16:08:23 samchiel slapd[2675]: conn=1 fd=15 ACCEPT from IP=[::1]:35019 (IP=[::]:389) May 6 16:08:23 samchiel slapd[2675]: conn=1 op=0 BIND dn="dc=linuxwall,dc=info" method=163 May 6 16:08:23 samchiel slapd[2675]: conn=1 op=0 RESULT tag=97 err=14 text=SASL(0): successful result: May 6 16:08:26 samchiel slapd[2675]: conn=1 op=1 BIND dn="dc=linuxwall,dc=info" method=163 May 6 16:08:26 samchiel slapd[2675]: conn=1 op=1 BIND authcid="julien" authzid="julien" May 6 16:08:26 samchiel slapd[2675]: conn=1 op=1 BIND dn="cn=julien vehent,ou=people,dc=linuxwall,dc=info" mech=DIGEST-MD5 sasl_ssf=128 ssf=128 May 6 16:08:26 samchiel slapd[2675]: conn=1 op=1 RESULT tag=97 err=0 text= May 6 16:08:26 samchiel slapd[2675]: conn=1 op=2 SRCH base="ou=people,dc=linuxwall,dc=info" scope=2 deref=0 filter="(uid=julien)" May 6 16:08:26 samchiel slapd[2675]: conn=1 op=2 SEARCH RESULT tag=101 err=0 nentries=1 text= May 6 16:08:26 samchiel slapd[2675]: conn=1 op=3 UNBIND May 6 16:08:26 samchiel slapd[2675]: conn=1 fd=15 closed May 6 16:08:26 samchiel slapd[2675]: connection_read(15): no connection!
Slapd provides another interesting mechanisms. It allow for a user to act on behalf of another user. This is called 'Proxy Authorization' and is extremely useful, especially with cyrus-imap.
To illustrate this, let's take a look at the 'ldapwhoami' command. This command returns your current identity. It's pretty straightforward to use:
samchiel:/# ldapwhoami -U julien -Y DIGEST-MD5 -H ldap://localhost SASL/DIGEST-MD5 authentication started Please enter your password: SASL username: julien SASL SSF: 128 SASL data security layer installed. dn:cn=julien vehent,ou=people,dc=linuxwall,dc=info
Now, there is an interesting option in this command: -X. The manpage of ldapwhoami says the following about it:
-X authzid Specify the requested authorization ID for SASL bind. authzid must be one of the following formats: dn:<distinguished name> or u:<username>
With this option, we can bind as a user JEANKEVIN using the credential of JULIEN. However, JULIEN needs to possess the good permissions. By default, slapd blocks that command:
samchiel:/# ldapwhoami -U julien -Y DIGEST-MD5 -X u:jeankevin -H ldap://localhost SASL/DIGEST-MD5 authentication started Please enter your password: xxxxxxx ldap_sasl_interactive_bind_s: Insufficient access (50)
This permission is controlled by a directive called authzTo. We need to activate this directive at two levels:
Let's take a look at the explanation from the man page regarding the authz-policy directive
authz-policy <policy> Used to specify which rules to use for Proxy Authorization. Proxy authorization allows a client to authenticate to the server using one user's credentials, but specify a different identity to use for authorization and access control purposes. It essentially allows user A to login as user B, using user A's password. The none flag disables proxy authorization. This is the default setting. The from flag will use rules in the authzFrom attribute of the authorization DN. The to flag will use rules in the authzTo attribute of the authentication DN. The any flag, an alias for the deprecated value of both, will allow any of the above, whatever succeeds first (checked in to, from sequence. The all flag requires both authorizations to succeed. [...]
And the manpage continues with a description of the possible values and the format of the authzTo directive. In our slapd.conf file, we simply add the following directive in the database section:
authz-policy to
And then restart the server.
In the definition of user JULIEN, we need to add an attribute. This attribute is called authzTo and takes as argument a research rule. This rule will return the list of objects for which the user can identify itself as.
Our directive will be the following:
authzTo: ldap:///dc=linuxwall,dc=info??sub?(objectclass=inetOrgPerson)
This rule will search for all of the 'inetOrgPerson' object withing the root DN. the 'sub' parameters allow the query to walk everywhere in the tree and look for all the objects. Obviously, this rule is way too permissive for production use, but it will serve us well to illustrate the mechanism.
So, use you preferate editor and add the previous attribute to user JULIEN.
Then, go back to the command line and try the ldapwhoami command again:
samchiel:/# ldapwhoami -U julien -Y DIGEST-MD5 -X u:jeankevin -H ldap://localhost SASL/DIGEST-MD5 authentication started Please enter your password: xxxxxxx SASL username: u:jeankevin SASL SSF: 128 SASL data security layer installed. dn:cn=jean-kevin michel,ou=people,dc=linuxwall,dc=info
Authentication works fine. Now look at the last line that return the current identity. We are authenticated as "jean-kevin michel". The proxy authentication worked !
By default, Slapd listen for queries coming from everything in clear. But it also ships a TLS support (with GNUTLS, if I'm not mistaken). To activate it, we need a server certificate.
The configuration takes places in slapd.conf and in /etc/default/slapd:
Assuming you have your server certificate, private key and CA certificate in /etc/ldap/certs, you need to add the following to the global section of slapd.conf:
# TLS configuration for LDAPS TLSCACertificateFile /etc/ldap/certs/ca-linuxwall.crt TLSCertificateFile /etc/ldap/certs/ldap.linuxwall.info.pem TLSCertificateKeyFile /etc/ldap/certs/ldap.linuxwall.info.key
# chown openldap /etc/ldap/certs/ -R
In /etc/default/slapd, we need to add a ldaps socket to listen for queries on the TLS port (ie. TCP/636).
SLAPD_SERVICES="ldap://127.0.0.1:389/ ldapi:/// ldaps:///"
Restart slapd and test using openssl:
# openssl s_client -connect localhost:636 CONNECTED(00000003) depth=1 /C=FR/ST=France/L=Paris/O=Linuxwall/CN=Linuxwall Certificate Authority Root firstname.lastname@example.com verify error:num=19:self signed certificate in certificate chain verify return:0 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/C=FR/ST=France/O=Linuxwall/CN=ldap.linuxwall.info i:/C=FR/ST=France/L=Paris/O=Linuxwall/CN=Linuxwall Certificate Authority Root email@example.com 1 s:/C=FR/ST=France/L=Paris/O=L [... ]
Openldap 2.4 ships syncrepl, a mechanism to keep several directories synchronized. The slave directory will connect to the master on a regular basis and look for changes since the last time it replicated.
syncrepl allows for two methods of replication: refresh-only and refresh and persist. The difference between the two is that the second one will keep the connection to the master open so the master can inform the slave of any changes that happen to any entry, and that in real time.
In our infrastructure, we will stick to the first model of replication. The reasons are:
With that in mind, a simple setup with one master and as many slaves as you want is pretty straightforward to configure. We need:
slapd.conf needs a new overlay called "syncprov". The 'syncprov-checkpoint' directive will ensure that ContextCSN datas will be committed often enough.
So, first, declares the overlay at the top of slapd.conf:
moduleload syncprov
Then, in the database section, configure the overlay:
# SYNCREPL configuration overlay syncprov syncprov-checkpoint 50 10
Since the replication will query the 'entryCSM' and 'entryUUID' attributes, we will also add indexes on those two entries. In slapd.conf, database section:
index entryCSN,entryUUID eq
Then regenerate the indexes.
root@samchiel:~# /etc/init.d/slapd stop Stopping OpenLDAP: slapd. root@samchiel:~# sudo -u openldap slapindex -q root@samchiel:~# /etc/init.d/slapd start Starting OpenLDAP: slapd.
On the master, we need an entry that can read the whole directory.
dn: cn=syncrepl,ou=infrastructure,dc=linuxwall,dc=info cn: syncrepl objectclass: inetOrgPerson objectclass: top sn: syncrepl uid: syncrepl userpassword: highsecuritypassword
The replication account will also need to replicate the 'userPassword' attribute, for which we have a special ACL on the master:
access to attrs=userPassword by dn="cn=admin,dc=linuxwall,dc=info" write by anonymous auth by self write by * none
By default, only 'admin' and 'self' can manipulate this attribute. But for the replication to work, we need to grant this access to 'syncrepl' as well. The following ACL does the job just fine:
access to attrs=userPassword by dn="cn=admin,dc=linuxwall,dc=info" write by dn="cn=syncrepl,ou=infrastructure,dc=linuxwall,dc=info" read by anonymous auth by self write by * none
On the slave side, the configuration of slapd.conf is very close to the one of the master. We can define the same indexes and ACLs (or define different ones). Since the replication only concerns the objects and attributes, for everything else you need manual replication of the parameters.
If your slave is on Debian as well, the installation will create you a directory during the installation. You can flush these file and start over with an empty installation by deleting the data files in /var/lib/ldap/:
root@ptitchoun:/ # /etc/init.d/slapd stop Stopping OpenLDAP: slapd. root@ptitchoun:/ # cd /var/lib/ldap/ root@ptitchoun:/var/lib/ldap # ls alock __db.001 __db.003 __db.005 dn2id.bdb log.0000000001 uid.bdb cn.bdb __db.002 __db.004 DB_CONFIG id2entry.bdb objectClass.bdb root@ptitchoun:/var/lib/ldap # rm __db.00* *.bdb log.* root@ptitchoun:/var/lib/ldap # ls alock DB_CONFIG
Do not restart slapd right away, we need to do some configuration before.
Giving our previous configuration for the master, the slave's slapd.conf file looks like the following. Pay particular attention to the ACLs, they are more restrictives than on the master (no write access to anyone here).
include /etc/ldap/schema/core.schema include /etc/ldap/schema/cosine.schema include /etc/ldap/schema/nis.schema include /etc/ldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema pidfile /var/run/slapd/slapd.pid argsfile /var/run/slapd/slapd.args loglevel stats sync ACL config filter modulepath /usr/lib/ldap moduleload back_hdb sizelimit 500 tool-threads 1 backend hdb database hdb suffix "dc=linuxwall,dc=info" rootdn "cn=admin,dc=linuxwall,dc=info" directory "/var/lib/ldap" password-hash {CLEARTEXT} dbconfig set_cachesize 0 20971520 0 dbconfig set_lk_max_objects 1500 dbconfig set_lk_max_locks 1500 dbconfig set_lk_max_lockers 1500 index objectClass eq index cn eq,sub,pres,approx index uid eq lastmod on checkpoint 512 30 access to attrs=userPassword by anonymous auth by * none access to dn.base="" by * read access to * by * read authz-regexp "^uid=([^,]+).*,cn=[^,]*,cn=auth$" "ldap:///dc=linuxwall,dc=info??sub?(uid=$1)" authz-policy to # SYNCREPL replication directives syncrepl rid=001 provider=ldaps://ldap.linuxwall.info type=refreshOnly interval=00:01:00:00 searchbase="dc=linuxwall,dc=info" scope=sub binddn="cn=syncrepl,ou=infrastructure,dc=linuxwall,dc=info" credentials=highsecuritypassword
Most of the directive have already been described. The new one is the 'syncrepl' directive. It takes the following arguments:
Because, we use LDAPS to connect to the master, we also need to edit etc/ldap/ldap.conf to add the CA certificate, otherwise, the establishment of the TLS connection will fail. So, in ldap.conf, add the following line:
TLS_CACERT /etc/ldap/certs/ca-linuxwall.crt
An copy the 'ca-linuxwall.crt' file to the corresponding folder.
The '-d8' switch can be used with ldapsearch to diagnose such problems:
# ldapsearch -LL -x -W -D 'cn=syncrepl,ou=infrastructure,dc=linuxwall,dc=info' -H ldaps://samchiel.linuxwall.info '(uid=syncrepl)' -d8 Enter LDAP Password: TLS: hostname (samchiel.linuxwall.info) does not match common name in certificate (ldap.linuxwall.info). ldap_sasl_bind(SIMPLE): Can't contact LDAP server (-1)
We can now restart slapd on the slave. The directory /var/lib/ldap/ should populate itself automatically:
root@ptitchoun:/var/lib/ldap # /etc/init.d/slapd start Starting OpenLDAP: slapd. root@ptitchoun:/var/lib/ldap # ls -l total 220 -rw-r--r-- 1 openldap openldap 4096 mai 12 13:18 alock -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 8192 mai 12 13:18 cn.bdb -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 8192 mai 12 13:18 __db.001 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 2629632 mai 12 13:18 __db.002 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 98304 mai 12 13:18 __db.003 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 565248 mai 12 13:18 __db.004 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 24576 mai 12 13:18 __db.005 -rw-r--r-- 1 openldap openldap 96 mai 11 17:14 DB_CONFIG -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 8192 mai 12 13:18 dn2id.bdb -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 32768 mai 12 13:18 id2entry.bdb -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 90208 mai 12 13:18 log.0000000001 -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 8192 mai 12 13:18 objectClass.bdb -rw------- 1 openldap openldap 8192 mai 12 13:18 uid.bdb
Also, we can take a look at the log file, you should see things like this:
May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: syncrepl_entry: rid=001 be_search (0) May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: syncrepl_entry: rid=001 cn=Julien Vehent,ou=people,dc=linuxwall,dc=info May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: => access_allowed: add access to "ou=people,dc=linuxwall,dc=info" "children" requested May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: <= root access granted May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: => access_allowed: add access granted by manage(=mwrscxd) May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: => access_allowed: add access to "cn=Julien Vehent,ou=people,dc=linuxwall,dc=info" "entry" requested May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: <= root access granted May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: => access_allowed: add access granted by manage(=mwrscxd) May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: syncrepl_entry: rid=001 be_add (0) May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: syncrepl_entry: rid=001 LDAP_RES_SEARCH_ENTRY(LDAP_SYNC_ADD) May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: syncrepl_entry: rid=001 inserted UUID aaecf1d6-f15c-102e-9b7c-f1e0ff67341b May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: => access_allowed: search access to "dc=linuxwall,dc=info" "entry" requested May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: <= root access granted May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: => access_allowed: search access granted by manage(=mwrscxd) May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: => bdb_filter_candidates May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: #011AND May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: => bdb_list_candidates 0xa0 May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: => bdb_filter_candidates May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: #011EQUALITY May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: <= bdb_equality_candidates: (entryUUID) not indexed May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: <= bdb_filter_candidates: id=-1 first=1 last=6 May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: <= bdb_list_candidates: id=-1 first=1 last=6 May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: <= bdb_filter_candidates: id=-1 first=1 last=6 May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: => test_filter May 12 13:18:52 ptitchoun slapd[10486]: EQUALITY
This is how the slave and the master communicate.
On the slave, we can also test the connection of a user using its password, to make sure all the attributes are synchronized correctly:
root@ptitchoun:/var/lib/ldap # ldapsearch -U julien -R 'linuxwall.info' -H ldap://localhost -D 'dc=linuxwall,dc=info' -b 'ou=people,dc=linuxwall,dc=info' -LLL '(uid=julien)' SASL/DIGEST-MD5 authentication started Please enter your password: xxxxx SASL username: julien SASL SSF: 128 SASL data security layer installed. dn: cn=Julien Vehent,ou=people,dc=linuxwall,dc=info givenName: Julien sn: Vehent cn: Julien Vehent uid: julien mail: email@example.com objectClass: inetOrgPerson l: Paris postalCode: 75011 telephoneNumber: +126.96.36.199.58.73 street: 27 rue Keller
That's seems pretty alright to me :)
ldapadd is the command line tool for adding account to the LDAP directory. It needs an LDIF file that describes the new account, and the information to bind to the directory. We can add an account with the following LDIF file :
dn: cn=Demo User,ou=people,dc=linuxwall,dc=info givenName: Demo sn: User cn: Demo User uid: demo mail: email@example.com objectClass: inetOrgPerson l: Trifouilly les Oies postalCode: 27412 userPassword: iwhefoheiod8394f8293dhohd1092dfo
And then the following command :
# ldapadd -h 127.0.0.1 -p 389 -D "cn=admin,dc=linuxwall,dc=info" -W -f insert_demo.ldif Enter LDAP Password: adding new entry "cn=Demo User,ou=people,dc=linuxwall,dc=info"
Similarly to ldapadd, ldapmodify can add/modify and delete attributes from an existing object. The syntax is identical to ldapadd, except for the argument '-a' that means "add" a new attribute, instead of modifying the existing one.
$ ldapmodify -a -h 127.0.0.1 -p 389 -D "cn=admin,dc=linuxwall,dc=info" -W <<EOF dn: cn=Demo User,ou=people,dc=linuxwall,dc=info changetype: modify add: mail mail: email@example.com EOF Enter LDAP Password: modifying entry "cn=Demo User,ou=people,dc=linuxwall,dc=info"
OpenLDAP has the hability to apply password policies to users. This is performed by the ppolicy overlay and must be configured in slapd.conf. The default password policy will be stored has an object in the directory. We will create a new organisational unit called 'policies' that will contain this object. Then, the ppolicy configuration directives can be used to define the criterias to apply to the 'userPassword' attribute.
Using the command line, this is pretty straightforward :
# ldapadd -x -D cn=admin,dc=linuxwall,dc=info -W << EOF dn: ou=policies,dc=linuxwall,dc=info objectClass: organizationalUnit objectClass: top ou: policies EOF Enter LDAP Password: adding new entry "ou=policies,dc=linuxwall,dc=info"
The ppolicy schema must be included, as well as the ppolicy module. Then, in the database section, we can configure the path of the password policy object. The parameters of the password policy will be contained in the object directly.
The pwdPolicy has the following definition, from ppolicy.schema.
141 objectclass ( 22.214.171.124.188.8.131.52.220.127.116.11 142 NAME 'pwdPolicy' 143 SUP top 144 AUXILIARY 145 MUST ( pwdAttribute ) 146 MAY ( pwdMinAge $ pwdMaxAge $ pwdInHistory $ pwdCheckQuality $ 147 pwdMinLength $ pwdExpireWarning $ pwdGraceAuthNLimit $ pwdLockout 148 $ pwdLockoutDuration $ pwdMaxFailure $ pwdFailureCountInterval $ 149 pwdMustChange $ pwdAllowUserChange $ pwdSafeModify ) )
So, we start by adding this new schema and module to slapd.conf:
include /etc/ldap/schema/ppolicy.schema [...] moduleload ppolicy [...] backend hdb database hdb suffix "dc=linuxwall,dc=info" [...] # Password policy overlay ppolicy ppolicy_default "cn=defaultpwpolicy,ou=policies,dc=linuxwall,dc=info"
And then, we create the object :
# ldapadd -x -D cn=admin,dc=linuxwall,dc=info -W << EOF dn: cn=defaultpwpolicy,ou=policies,dc=linuxwall,dc=info cn: defaultpwpolicy sn: Default Password Policy objectClass: pwdPolicy objectClass: top objectClass: person pwdAttribute: 18.104.22.168 pwdAllowUserChange: TRUE pwdInHistory: 2 pwdMaxFailure: 10 pwdLockout: TRUE pwdLockoutDuration: 1800 pwdMinLength: 6 EOF
additional info: objectClass: value #0 invalid per syntax


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Everything Jesus did and accomplished through His death, burial, and resurrection was done for you.
Many live and die never grasping the significance or experiencing the full blessing and benefits of what Jesus did for them when He died on the cross and was raised from the dead. In Jesus Did It For You, Greg Texada clearly identifies what Jesus did for you personally. Jesus was made sin so you could have right standing with God. Jesus was made a curse so the blessing of Abraham would be yours. Jesus became poor so you could be free from poverty and live the abundant life. Jesus was beaten so you could be healed, healthy, and strong. Jesus carried your sorrows so you could have fullness of joy and peace. Jesus died for you so you could have eternal, everlasting, abundant life.
These and many other blessings and benefits are freely given to you by the Lord and available for you to receive and enjoy now.
Learn how to receive and enjoy the inheritance of blessings that have been freely given to you by the Lord.
Read More


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Laser anti-ageing treatment treats all signs of ageing, whether that be fine lines, wrinkles or crows-feet; age-spots, sun damage or an overall deterioration of the skin. All of these can increase dramatically how old we look or feel and can now be dramatically improved by laser anti-ageing treatments.
Technical Details
Laser anti-ageing treatment works in two main ways. First by penetrating deep into the dermis and hypodermis (deep layers of the skin) to stimulate collagen production, and second by treating the pigmentation found on the epidermis (outer layer of the skin). This duel action accomplishes the reduction of lines and wrinkles as the surge in collagen works to increase the elasticity of the skin; while the melanin found in age spots or irregularities is broken up and disposed of. We have two very effective lasers for treating the signs of ageing, the PicoWay Resolve and Icon.
The PicoWay Resolve laser fires out light in picoseconds (one trillionth of a second) and features both 532nm and 1064nm wavelengths (nm is a measurement of wavelength which is a billion times smaller than a meter), making it adjustable for different skin types and to reach both the outer and inner layers of the skin.
The Icon fractional, non-ablative laser is also excellent for anti-ageing. The various Microlenses allow for customized treatments; the XF Microlens for high speed, quick treatment sessions or the XD Microlens for deeper penetration.
Laser anti-ageing treatment is not only for the face, if you suffer from age-spots on the hands or shoulders these areas can also be treated.
What You Will See
You will experience redness and some itching on the area, that usually lasts for a couple of days following a treatment. This redness and itching will then subside. The skin will be dry following treatments, and keeping hydrated by drinking a lot of water and moisturising the area will help a lot.
You can expect to see an overall improvement in the tone and texture of your skin that improves gradually with each treatment, as fine lines, wrinkles and pigmentation start to diminish and your skin gains in youthful elasticity.
For the first 24 hours make-up should not be applied over a treated are and you also need to avoid heat such as hot baths, saunas or steam rooms. For the duration of your treatments you need to keep the area safe from the sun, using a strong sunscreen as needed.
Length of Treatment
A course of treatments is required to see desired results. This is usually between 4-8 treatments. At your initial consultation, the technician can give you a personal estimate.
Between treatments a gap of 4-6 weeks is required to allow your skin to recover and react to the laser treatment. The total treatment is therefore usually completed within 8 months.
Duration of Treatment
The treatment time varies depending on the size of the area affected. On average treating the face, an individual treatment will take as little as 30 minutes.


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Dive Brief:
- The impact of the government shutdown on colleges, students and university researchers should be minimal at first.
- The shutdown should not disrupt student aid in the short term; the Education Department has a contingency plan in place.
- The National Institutes of Health is closing most operations, but the shutdown comes at a natural break in its grant cycle.
Dive Insight:
Archives and museums such as the Smithsonian Institution also are affected by the shutdown. The Washington Post has an agency-by-agency rundown of how government is affected that includes the Education Department. The shutdown will see 3,983 of the department's 4,225 full- and part-time employees staying home, but 30 may be called back if it lasts longer than a week. K-12 education is affected, too: All $22 billion in federal grants for special programs should be paid this week, but a protracted shutdown could put some programs in jeopardy. The department will still get the $22 billion to public schools on Oct. 1


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Naturally Youthful & Glowing Skin…at Any Age: 12 Surefire Secrets to Radiance
Wish you could look years younger in only two months and have skin that glows with vitality no matter your age? You can achieve this goal and it doesn't involve needles or surgery or even a visit to your dermatologist. Here are 12 essential tips guaranteed to foster youthful, illuminating skin.
Your skin will be the first to give away your deep, dark secrets. If you've been neglecting your health and have been under extra tension and pressure, if you haven't been able to sleep well because of worries, your skin will let the world know.
The skin is the largest single organ of the body and comes in many colors, textures and patterns. "Imagine a material that is water-proof, like tarpaulin, yet can let out water and oil; that can protect like a suit of armor, and yet is infinitely sensitive to touch; that remains firm yet is more flexible than rubber. It is also a beautiful material—whether pink and white, brown, black or yellow." (The Joy of Life by Elliot M. Goldway, PhD)
Weighing in at about six pounds, the skin is about one-eighth of an inch thick, varying at different areas of the body. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, for all we ever see of one another—the skin surfaces and hair—is dead. The skin is continually growing from within, creating new cells that push their way outward. Yet the skin, perhaps more than any other part of the body, tells the world how we feel mentally and physically, as well as how we care for and respect our bodies. American Indians used to diagnose body ailments by the lines in the face.
The face is certainly the one area on the body which is terrible at keeping secrets. If you're run down and lack pep, work too hard, stay up late at night, are depressed, or are feeling downright crummy, it will show in your face.
Below you will learn more about the physiology of the skin, get an understanding of how miraculous is your skin, and find out my 12 surefire tips to have glowing skin at any age — whether female or male. If you continue reading, you will also learn about the best, made-by-nature, nutritional supplement that everyone should be taking daily as internal sun protection and also to reverse aging, as demonstrated in scientific studies.
The World Within — Three Distinct Layers
The outermost layer, the epidermis, is paper-thin and consists of 20 layers of cells that are literally "born to die." The surface is formed of lifeless cells that are being shed slowly, almost imperceptibly. But in their last stages of existence, they continue to perform valuable services.
Epidermal cells are created through cells dividing in the lowest layer (basal cell layer) and gradually rise to the surface where they assume a short-lived protective function.
Keratin, the name given to the final stage of this cell development, serves as a barrier to physical and chemical injury. It also provides the protective covering membrane that preserves the body's internal balance, by preventing moisture and other essential material from seeping uncontrollably into the environment.
The second layer is the dermis, made up of connective tissue. It is on this level that skin health is established. The dermis provides the skin with strength and elasticity. It is here where "aging skin" begins its degenerative process, (where the free radicals wreak havoc), by the gradual reduction in connective tissue fibers. These changes are perceived as wrinkling from the outside. The dermis also contains blood vessels, lymph channels, nerve fibers, and muscle cells.
The third layer is the subcutaneous fat, which provides cushioning and contouring all over the body.
We hear a lot about the words elastin and collagen when it comes to topicals on the skin. Well, the dermis layer relies on the collagen, which is a protein, to keep it in mint condition by acting as a supporter and major building block of the skin. Elastin, also a protein, along with collagen, gives the skin its supple elastic qualities.
Functions of the Skin
Your skin covers your muscles, nerves, tissues, and bones. It protects your body from invading bacteria, chemicals, and foreign objects. It absorbs the shock of physical blows. It acts as a thermostat: When the body needs to lose heat, the blood vessels dilate and sweat glands secrete moisture, which, as it evaporates, cools the body; when it needs to conserve heat, the blood vessels constrict and pores close.
Two million pores cover our body's surface and function as an efficient cooling system. Any exercise can raise internal temperatures to seven degrees above normal. The body dissipates that excess heat through perspiration, which evaporates on the skin.
Besides cooling and protecting the body, the skin also serves as a sense organ. The fetus probably receives most sensations through the skin before birth. From the moment of birth, humans require touching and physical affection as much as food.
Yet, what is so amazing to me is that no two people on earth have identical skin formation—not even twins—as is demonstrated in the use of fingerprinting. What's more, the fingerprints of the right hand even differ from those on the left hand.
For the past 30 years, I have extensively studied the subjects of skin and how to have radiant looking skin no matter your age. I've narrowed it down to the following key ingredients that I've incorporated into my life for years. I'm sure these are the reasons why I'm often told I look years younger than my chronological age. During my radio and TV talk show appearances, I'm often asked what I do to have such healthy, glowing skin. The following highlights some of my best tips.
12 Key Ingredients for Radiant Skin
1. SAY GOODBYE TO CONSTIPATION. Chronic constipation will preclude you from having beautiful, healthy skin. If you want that youthful glow to your skin, make sure your have regular, daily bowel movements and keep your body detoxified. In Ayurvedic and Chinese medical traditions, one of the first things that practitioners want to know is whether a patient is having regular bowel movements, urination and sweating. This is important because these processes are the body's ways of eliminating toxins. Once toxins have been released into the blood and neutralized by the liver, they must be eliminated safely from the body, otherwise they may become reabsorbed.
The bowel is the body's main elimination organ, yet amongst many Americans today, this central elimination system is compromised, as evidenced by high rates of constipation. The National Institutes of Health estimates that more than 4 million Americans have constipation, defined as having a bowel movement less than three times per week. Yet, when you consider that some experts (myself included) believe that it is normal for the body to eliminate after each meal (three times a day), the prevalence of constipation may be much higher.
Constipation can be caused by a number of factors, many of which are related to our modern diet and lifestyle:
Chronic constipation can cause all sorts of health complications, from hemorrhoids to fecal impaction. Many people also experience related symptoms such as headaches and back pain, which accompany the constipation. None of this is pleasant, but from the standpoint of detoxification, constipation is one of the largest barriers to the efficient elimination of accumulated toxins. If stool sits inside the colon too long without being eliminated, the toxins contained within may be circulated back into the blood. Furthermore, stools that are held up from being eliminated may generate even more toxins. The bacteria implicated in constipation emit their own wastes, which must be eliminated. With chronic constipation, good bacteria may die off as harmful bacteria flourishes and their toxins may damage the colon, causing further stagnancy.
My favorite herbal formula to help detoxify my colon (the the most popular one in my private practice) is by Nature's Wonderland and it's called Bowel Cleanser™. I take these easy-to-swallow capsules on a regular basis and recommend this stellar product to anyone who wants a gentle, safe, and effective cleanser. It flushes the colon of wastes and toxins and promotes bowel regularity. I wouldn't be without it, and I even take it every time I travel, too.
2. PROTECT FROM TOO MUCH SUN. Without the sun, there would be no life. Too much sun and there's lifeless skin, which calls to mind the venerable adage, "everything in moderation."
The sun does bring more people outdoors which means more exposure of the skin's surface to the sun. What a paradoxical situation this can be. On one side of the coin, the sun is the body's most effective/efficient and least expensive source of vitamin D, appropriately termed the "sunshine" vitamin because the action of the sun's ultraviolet rays activates a form of cholesterol, which is present in the skin, converting it to vitamin D. Most of the body's needs for vitamin D can be met by sufficient exposure to sunlight and from the eating of small amounts of food such as sunflower seeds, sprouted seeds, salmon, fish oils and so on. However, it's always best to get the level checked with a blood test at your doctor's office. I am out in the sunshine more than most people, living in sunny Los Angeles most of the year, and was quite surprised when I discovered my vitamin D level was way too low. So I now add a daily supplement of D-3 into my nutritional program.
On the other side of the coin, some people still believe that a golden tan is the mark of the leisure class, portraying health and beauty. The sun does have some beneficial effects such as clearing up acne, reducing psoriasis, boosting libido, relaxing tired muscles, and creating a positive psychological effect on people. Too much of this good thing, however, can be the skin's worst enemy.
Over exposure to the sun can break down the collagen and elastin components of the skin, causing loss of moisture, flexibility and tautness. The best proof of this is to observe the skin after a few years of constantly maintaining a suntan. Make sure you use sunscreen protection when you're outdoors for any length of time. You'll learn more about this below in tip #4 below. I'm also asked, quite often, what skin care products I use. Some of my favorites are on this natural beauty skincare products page.
3. EAT SKIN-ENHANCING FOODS. As I write about in my books The Curative Kitchen & Lifestyle and Wired for High Level Wellness, the diet that promotes healthy skin should incorporate lots of fresh fruits and vegetables — these are all fiber-rich foods. Foods that are high in water content keep your body hydrated. The foods richest in water content can be found in the produce isles of your grocery store. Put simply, emphasize lots of colorful fresh fruits and veggies, and don't skimp on leafy greens either, if you want to have youthful, healthy-looking skin. Click HERE for my Fountain of Youth Smoothie recipe. Make sure to consume lots of berries, apples, bell peppers, and cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, arugula (also known as rocket), and Brussels sprouts. These foods are high in nutrients beneficial for the skin (not to mention the immune system and entire body) and are also high in fiber which helps prevent constipation. Aim for 30 grams of fiber daily — which will benefit your skin and also cut your risk of getting breast cancer in half. Avoid constipation for this can cause blemishes and other skin disturbances. Also, stay away from too much of the following foods as they sabotage healthy skin: fatty foods, sugar, soda pop, caffeine, junk foods, dairy products, alcohol, and too many animal products.
4. KEEP YOUR BODY HYDRATED. Make sure you drink plenty of purified water every day—at least 6-8 large glasses, in-between meals. Water moisturizes your skin from the inside out and helps to eliminate toxins through the skin. If you're not in the habit of drinking much water, try this experiment. During a three-day period, drink at least 8 glasses of purified water daily and by the third day, you'll see a noticeable difference in your skin. It will be softer and look healthier. Lack of moisture in your skin creates wrinkles just like plums create prunes and grapes create raisins.
Best Water for Healthy Skin
Drinking several glasses of alkaline water daily is my #1 health tip for amazing skin and this will definitely bring a youthful glow to your skin. For 20 years, I've used an Ionizer Plus device in my kitchen to make my purified, alkaline water. You can get a $300 discount on your purchase when you use the code "Susan Smith Jones." And here's one of my best-kept secrets to beautify your skin almost instantly. While I use the alkaline water from this device for drinking and recipes, I simply flip the switch and also make more acidic water to use for nourishing my house plants and skin (topically—not for drinking). It's excellent for eczema, psoriasis, and other skin irritations. As well, I rub it on my skin after a bath or shower in the form of ice cubes.
TIP: I take into the shower with me two ice cubes in a cup. These cubes are made with this acid water and at the end before drying off, while the shower is still running on my back, I rub them on my face, neck and décolletage. The actor, Paul Newman, used to do this with ice cubes after every shower — his secret to staying youthful. You will love how your skin feels and glows afterwards. Check out the Ionizer Plus at HighTechHealth.com. They will be happy to answer your questions about the benefits of the alkaline and acid water, how easy it is to use this small device, the $300 discount you'll get, and others at: 800-794-5355 (US & Canada) or 303-413-8500 (Intl), both MT, ext. 813.
5. EXERCISE YOUR WAY TO RADIANCE. Exercise is also a natural and effective way to increase the health of the skin by increasing circulation, eliminating toxins through the skin and giving the skin that healthy glow. It supports all of your elimination mechanisms at the same time, You sweat and breathe more heavily and deeply. Blood and lymph circulation are improved. Exercise also stimulates the bowels to eliminate. Moreover, it burns calories and releases endorphins that make you feel better and stress less. The exercise must be aerobic or endurance-type activity which increases the heart rate and causes perspiration. After this type of exercise, such as brisk walking, jogging, cycling, hiking, swimming, or aerobic classes, the skin takes on a beautiful natural glow that no make-up artist could duplicate.
6. DE-STRESS WITH AN INFRARED SAUNA. For thousands of years, cultures throughout the world have enjoyed the many therapeutic benefits of saunas, from the elaborate bath/sauna/exercise complexes of the Romans, to the simple but effective "sweat lodge" structures of the Native American Indians and the Scandinavians.
Overheating with sauna stimulates and speeds up the metabolic processes and inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria or viruses. Many toxins, accumulated in the system as a result of metabolic wastes and sluggish elimination, are thrown out of the body with perspiration. The sauna increases the eliminative, detoxifying, and cleansing capacity of the skin by stimulating action on the sweat glands and creating a deep sweat that flushes the toxins.
An infrared sauna is the best kind for your body and skin. These saunas are the same saunas many doctors, physical therapists and professional athletes use to treat muscle injury, strains, as well as the heat used in hospitals to warm newborn babies. Unlike the old-technology saunas with their high air temperature, the infrared saunas warm the body muscles directly. It does this by only warming the air to a comfortable level, allowing for fresh air ventilation so people never get that feeling of suffocation. Because people are able to use this type of sauna for a longer time, they are able to reap greater benefits than through the high temperature saunas.
While I've taken saunas regularly for over three decades, it wasn't until about 15 years ago that I took my first infrared sauna. After just three consecutive days of using this infrared sauna, I noticed such a wonderful, positive difference in the skin all over my body that I purchased one for my home immediately and have used it regularly ever since (it's called a Transcend Infrared Sauna). On my website, under Favorite Products, you can find out more about this one I use and recommend. To call and inquire which one is best for your needs, or to order an infrared sauna, call: 800-792-5355 (US & Canada) or 303-413-8500 (Intl).
7. EXFOLIATE WITH DRY SKIN BRUSHING. Dry brushing the body with a natural bristle brush or loofah mitt each day before bathing is very beneficial for your skin. Not only does dry brushing improve the appearance of your skin giving you a healthy glow, but it also helps your body eliminate toxins. Furthermore, it helps in sloughing off the dead skin cells which lie on the skin's surface. Dry brushing also greatly assists in the task of detoxification.
Look for a dry brush at your local health food store. Make sure it has natural bristles (as opposed to nylon or other synthetics) and a long handle so you can reach all those hard-to-get-places on your body. You want to start off very gently for the first couple weeks until your skin gets used to it.
Brush in circular motions, always moving toward the heart. If there are patches of eczema, skin eruptions, or any other skin condition, avoid brushing the affected areas. Also, avoid brushing the face. This process of dry brushing (do it before you shower or bathe) can be done daily and you'll see and feel a difference before the first week is up.
My favorite dry skin brushes (for both body and face) are available through Bernard Jensen International, www.bernardjensen.com. I always purchase extra to keep some on hand to give as gifts. To order now, call: 1-760-471-9977 PT.
8. NOURISH WITH FLAXSEEDS. Dry skin is a sign (among others) that one is deficient in omega-3 fatty acids. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are nutrients the body can't synthesize; these must be supplied by the diet and are the basic building blocks of every cell in the body. The two EFAs are omega-3 (alpha-linolenic acid) and omega-6 (linoleic acid). And flaxseed, an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids, may be one of nature's greatest little health packages, especially when it comes to the skin.
For years, in my books, seminars, and workshops worldwide, I have recommended flaxseed for all types of skin disorders, including dry skin, dry and flaky scalp, and psoriasis. And I have also read countless letters from grateful people and seen the benefits firsthand with clients the efficacy of flaxseed on their skin and overall level of well-being.
Psoriasis, which afflicts over 5 million people in the United States, is a skin condition characterized by "deep pale, raised patches, covered by white scales," according to the American Medical Association Family Medical Guide. The "approved" treatment for that consists of various ointments, including steroid preparations, which may damage the skin if used for any length of time.
The following letter from a mother in Iowa appeared in a recent issue of the National Psoriasis Foundation newsletter published in Portland:
"I am sending you information about flaxseed meal and psoriasis. My 11-year-old daughter had an outbreak of psoriasis that covered her body. The dermatologist even asked to take pictures. Now, her psoriasis is completely gone and has been for about five months. Her skin feels like silk and she hasn't had one single spot even after she stopped sunbathing. She is taking no medical treatments at all. No creams, nothing, just freshly ground flaxseed daily. Believe me, I'm not on a mission to bring a negative light on conventional medical treatments or to suggest that they don't work. I'm simply a mother who was desperate for help and found it in flaxseeds. I do know that the sunbathing helped my daughter's psoriasis, but the reason I feel certain that the flax helped the most was because after she started taking flax, the psoriasis not only disappeared, but her skin was smoother and softer than it had even been before she has the outbreak."
One tablespoon of the fiber-rich ground flaxseed powder added to your diet daily (on cereal, rice, soups, salads, or simply mixed in water) will moisturize your body from the inside out, help alleviate dry skin and psoriasis, and give you a healthy glow. You can purchase it already ground in the natural food stores, but I always recommend grinding it fresh yourself at home. Once a week, I make enough for about 7 days and store this freshly ground meal in a covered container in the refrigerator. It tastes better when it's fresh and also costs much less to grind your own. Use a nut grinder — they don't cost very much. You can also use it to grind almonds, pecans, walnuts, hazelnuts, cashews, sunflower seeds, etc. See if you can purchase the flaxseeds in bulk at your local natural food store or online. I always purchase organically grown flaxseeds in both the brown and golden colors.
9. CATCH MORE ZZZZZs. Getting adequate rest and sleep is essential for cultivating and maintaining beautiful, youthful skin, detoxifying your body, shedding extra weight, keeping stress hormones at bay, boosting immunity, and so much more. Sleep is when most of the body's "repair work" and maintenance are completed. In fact, I think that there's nothing more restorative for our bodies than getting ample sleep, night after night after night. Research suggests that even one or two nights of sufficient sleep (experts recommend eight hours) can lower cortisol levels more than a number of other stress-management techniques combined. And remember that too much unmanaged stress negatively affects the quality of our skin. Granted, stress often interferes with sleep, but do your best to increase your chances of getting quality sleep by avoiding caffeine after noon, establishing a regular bedtime and wake-up time, and doing something relaxing in the hour before bedtime (no TV!). Here's a great idea: Before going to sleep, read positive passages from my books Choose to Thrive and Be the Change.
10. RELAX & RENEW THROUGH MEDITATION. Scientists are finding that meditation helps keep us wrinkle-free and healthy. That's right! One study showed that people who had been meditating for more than five years were biologically 12 to 15 years younger than non-meditators. What's more, a comparison of hospital records of 2,000 meditators and 2,000 non-meditators revealed that the meditators required only half as much medical care. They also had 87% less heart disease, 55% fewer tumors and 87% fewer nervous disorders.
As mentioned, there is a correlation between your level of stress and the health of your skin. At the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Dr. Jon Kabat-Zinn founded the Stress Reduction Clinic to help people suffering from chronic pain and chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease, as well as stress-related disorders such as abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea and ulcers. According to this doctor, these conditions are often the most difficult to treat, and patients afflicted with them have frequently tried other, more conventional forms of medicine without complete success. So he designed a stress-reduction program to test the value of using meditation to help patients develop effective coping strategies for stress, and to see whether meditation would have any effect on their chronic medical condition. As it turned out, the majority of people improved in a number of different ways.
He learned that meditation can:
To learn more information on how to begin a meditation program or how to upgrade an existing program, please refer to my audio books Wired to Meditate and Choose to Live Peacefully, both available separately or as a collection set at a discount for a limited time (entitled The Calm, Cool & Collected Package) from my online Store.
11. LEAD A JOY-FILLED LIFE. It may seem cliché to "stop and smell the roses" more, but research demonstrates time and again that simple pleasures can decrease our stress considerably and bring a youthful vitality. Unmanaged stress increases free radicals in your body, including in your skin, which then increases wrinkles and exacerbates photoaging. As I write about in my books books Choose to Thrive and Be the Change, reveling in life's simple pleasures at least once a day will not only keep stress and wrinkles at bay, but will also will enrich your life immeasurably. Indulge in a relaxing hot bath – researchers found that among high-stress people, hot baths reduced cortisol levels. Go ahead and get away for that long weekend. One study showed that after a three-day, two-night weekend away, subjects had a decrease in cortisol and overall stress markers and a boost in immune system function. Other studies reveal that spending time outdoors in nature will do wonders for your attitude and your skin. You see, in nature you are breathing in the health-enhancing negative ions and these ions boost your spirit, make you feel happier, lower your heart rate, and give you a sense of overall well-being. Enjoying time outside in nature goes hand-in-hand with breathing deeply, too. Both will help bring a renewed glow to your skin.
Spend time with your pets – "dog therapy" has proven to reduce cortisol levels. Simply petting a dog or a cat lowers the pulse, blood pressure and breathing rate. Listen to your favorite (preferably relaxing) music. Music, especially after a stressful event, has been shown to increase the relaxation response; decrease heart rate, blood pressure and cortisol levels; and increase immunity. Finally, don't forget to laugh. Research shows that laughter improves mood after high levels of daily stress and even boosts immunity. When you put on a "happy face," your skin takes on a youthful glow.
So there you have it. The twelve key ingredients to having healthy skin. You may wonder how to incorporate all this into your health and beauty program. Well, it really doesn't take that much time, and besides, what's more important than being radiantly healthy and feeling good about yourself? My daily morning health and beauty regimen upon arising is to drink two large glasses of water with freshly ground flaxseed meal, eat some fresh fruit before any other breakfast food, exercise, do my dry skin brushing, take a sauna (time permitting), shower, and champion high self-esteem.
Give Your Self-Esteem Wings & Fly
12. ILLUMINATE FROM THE INSIDE OUT. I have the privilege of working with people of all ages — all over the world in my workshops, seminars, and retreats. Some of the most popular topics I'm asked to discuss include self-esteem, self-image, body-image, depression, happiness, weight loss, empowerment, and how to achieve goals. Briefly, here's what I often share with people.
On a universal level, I believe the thing that people wrestle with most in their own lives is low self-esteem. When you embrace high self-esteem and live from an empowered presence, you will be successful in all areas of your life. It's an inner change that needs to be made. Look at magazine ads, television commercials, or makeover reality shows; either by innuendo or by outright declaration, they are almost all aimed at changing who we are, making us somehow better—smarter, more attractive, slimmer, richer, younger, and more secure. You can spend millions of dollars changing your physical features and getting all kinds of cosmetic surgery, but that will do little good until you change your attitude about yourself and cultivate a relationship with yourself that incorporates your very own divinity and sacredness. When you do that, chances are you'll be happy with the physical body that God provided for you, and you will establish a salutary health, fitness, and beauty program to keep your body temple functioning optimally. Since I was a teenager, I've always felt the most beautiful, healthy, and happy when I'm spending quality time out in nature. It's also where I feel the most connected to my sacred, inner self and Love that fuels our Mother Earth, gives us life, and connects us all to one other. At the level of the heart, we're all one.
We must choose to be kind and loving toward ourselves—all the time. Self-image is crucial here. Being vibrantly healthy, living fully, and celebrating life starts with celebrating ourselves. Whether we succeed or fail, enjoy our lives or struggle, depends largely on our self-image. In fact, numerous studies have concluded that the view we have of ourselves is the key to taking control of our lives. Develop a loving, kind relationship, a warm friendship with yourself. Be your own best friend. Out of that friendship all your other relationships form. Stop being so critical, judgmental, and unforgiving of yourself. When you are not feeling good about yourself, you feel separated from others and God. When you see yourself as a failure, you create a self-fulfilling prophecy. You attract to yourself that which you believe you deserve. Your negative thoughts and attitudes about yourself, whether they originated within yourself or others, convince you of your inability to succeed. If you feel you don't deserve success, prosperity, an enjoyable life, happy relationships, or joy and peace, you will settle for less than that to which you are entitled. When you feel unworthy, you cut yourself off from the fullness of life and create more stress.
Put simply, when you learn to love yourself and take loving care of yourself, love will come to you in the forms of happiness, health, success, prosperity, peace, joy, balance, radiance, and beauty. So there you have it — my best tips for youthful, glowing skin and high self-esteem at any age. Do your best. Show by your daily actions that your skin, health, beauty program, as well as the quality of your life, are your top priorities. True natural beauty flows from the inside out. Beautiful positive thoughts illuminate our essence and brighten our smiles. Everyone is beautiful. You are magnificent right now. YOU are beautiful. There's beauty in every size, every shape, and every color. We can all support and enhance this beauty by honoring ourselves and doing the things that make us feel great about ourselves.
And to help you reconnect with and harness your natural beauty, here's one of the most popular collection sets in my online Store. It incorporates these topics on how to boost self-esteem and self-worth, say goodbye to depression, reignite a joie de vivre, look years younger, shed extra weight and keep it off, live with balance, feel more empowered, and create an amazing, successful life. Entitled SLENDER, SAVVY & STRONG • PEACEFUL, PURPOSEFUL & PROSPEROUS, it's now available at a substantial discount, for a limited time.
The great secret of medicine, known to doctors but still hidden from the public, is that most things get better by themselves.
~Lewis Thomas
Healing comes only from that which leads the patient beyond himself and beyond his entanglements with ego....
~Carl Jung