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Played by William Hartnell / Richard Hurnell / David Bradley
Tenure 23 November 1963–29 October 1966 / 20 November 1983 / 25 December 2017
First appearance An Unearthly Child
Last appearance: The Tenth Planet (regular)
Last appearance:Twice Upon A Time (guest)
Number of series 4
Appearances 34 stories (140 episodes)
Thanks to TARDIS Wikia
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The Doctor was born on Gallifrey, home planet of the Time Lords, "the oldest and most mighty race in the universe." (The War Games, The Time Warrior, The Sound of Drums) He was born under the sign of Crossed Computers, the symbol of the maternity service there. (The Creature from the Pit) The infant Doctor slept in his cot under "the Doctors first stars" (A Good Man Goes To War)
The Doctor had parents, as well as a family. (The Tomb of the Cybermen, TV Movie, The Sound of Drums) His mother may have been a Victorian era human called Penelope Gate, and his father, Ulysses, may have been a Time Lord explorer. (The Gallifrey Chronicles) he had a brother called Irving Braxiatel. (Lungbarrow) A later incarnation of The Doctor once claimed that he was half-human on his mother's side. (TV Movie) The Doctor lived in a house on the side of a mountain named Mount Cadon. (The Time Monster) His home was called the House of Lungbarrow.
He lived there along with his cousins, who were produced by the Looms, and with his brother, Irving Braxiatel. Lungbarrow, Tears of the Oracle)
When he was just a "small child", the Doctors mother told him the story of Grandfather Paradox. The story scared The Doctor so much that he worried that Grandfather Paradox was hiding in various locations near where he lived. (The Gallifrey Chronicles)
In his childhood, The Doctor once watched a meteor storm on Gallifrey with his father. (TV Movie)
at the age of eight, The Doctor was taken from his family and stared into the Untempered Schism as part of a Time Lord initiation rite. He reacted by running away. (The Sound of Drums)
The Doctor and his close friend, The Master, used to play in the estates of The Master's father for days long. (The End of Time) The Master would often hypnotise others, and The Doctor would un-hypnotise them, even though it was The Master who taught The Doctor hypnotism. (The Dark Path) The Doctor and The Master were bullied as children and The Doctor was forced to kill the bully Torvic to save his friend's life. He was later confronted by Death, who insisted he become her disciple. The Doctor refused and asked for Death to take away his guilt, causing her to transfer the memory of committing the crime to The Master instead. The Doctor forgot he had ever made the deal. (Master)
He was also bullied by Anzor, who used a device called "the galvaniser" (a torture device) on his classmates to ensure that they did as he said. He particularly bullied The Doctor, forcing him to do his navigational homework as he was too stupid to do it himself. He used the galvaniser on The Doctor at least once, as he later threatened to "revive your memory of my galvaniser" to terrify him. (Mission to Magnus)
He attended the Time Lord Academy under the tutelage of Borusa and was a member of the Prydonian Chapter. (The Deadly Assassin) The Master was one of his classmates. (The Five Doctors) The Doctor did not have an impressive career at school, passing his qualifying exams to become a Time Lord with only 51% – the lowest possible pass mark – on the second attempt. (The Ribos Operation) However, this was revealed to be indirectly influenced by his brother, Braxiatel. The Doctor was jealous of his freedom to leave Gallifrey as an unofficial ambassador, and tried to follow the route that he had taken, but he was too impatient. He also realised that with Braxiatel already out in the universe, the Time Lords would not allow anyone else to go. Therefore, he deliberately scraped through the Academy with the bare minimum marks on the last permitted attempt, so as not to draw undue attention to himself, so he could eventually leave Gallifrey. (Tears of the Oracle)
During his first year at the academy, The Doctor gained a troublesome reputation by trapping his teacher in a time-loop for a day. (Island of Death)
Still a "small boy", The Doctor wrote a treatise on the chromosomal origins of love. His tutor said that he missed the point entirely and gave him a "rubbish" grade. (The Wormery)
When he was ninety, he visited the Medusa Cascade, later describing himself as "just a kid". (The Stolen Earth) The Eighth Doctor stated that he was a terror until the age of 120, claiming that he was a late developer. (The Next Life)
at the Academy, he and The Master joined the Academy's Hot 5 musical band, with The Doctor playing the lead perigosto whilst The Master played the drums. (Deadly Reunion) He once attended a party on the Moon of Korpal and met fellow academy student, Rummas. But he was too drunk to remember. Soon after, he and Rummas began sharing Borusa as a tutor. (Spiral Scratch)
On one occasion, he and The Master travelled into Gallifrey's history in search of Valdemar a dark mass of life created by the Old Ones in the higher dimensions, which swept across creation and wiped out the Old Ones. They met a surviving Old One, who warned them of Valdermar's powers. The Doctor was shaken and was horrified that The Master seemed fascinated by it's power. (Tomb of Valdemar)
In the years spent at the academy, The Doctor belonged to a clique of ten young Time Lords with the collective name of the Deca, a group which included his friends The Master, who then went by the name of Koschei, and Ushas, later known as the Rani, who would both become his enemies centuries later. (Divided Loyalties)
The Doctor spent "centuries" at the academy. (Mortal Beloved) While he was at the academy, The Doctor received the nickname "Theta Sigma" or "Thete" from his friends in the Deca. He wasn't always fond of this nickname. (The Armageddon Factor, The Happiness Patrol)
He was expelled for a time and relegated to traffic control for five centuries after his first encounter with the Celestial Toymaker in an act of youthful rebellion resulted in the 'deaths' of his friends Rallon and Millennia, but he returned to the Academy after receiving his doctorate in his spare time. (Divided Loyalties)
In year fifty at the academy, The Doctor fed a snapping wart fowl to his fellow student Valyes' summer project. Valyes held a grudge against him after that. (The Next Life)
The Doctor failed his time-travel proficiency lesson because he didn't attend it, which made him unqualified to operate a TARDIS, and he also rejected an offer to retake the lesson. (Festival of Death)
The Doctor was a father at one point in his life (Fear Her), of both "sons and daughters". (The Eleventh Tiger)
The Doctor had three grandchildren Susan (An Unearthly Child), John and Gillian, although John and Gillian were living on Earth and had no knowledge of him or their true origins. (An Unearthly Child, The Klepton Parasites)
Sometime later in his life, The Doctor was considered a "superior" on Gallifrey. On one instance, he saved a glowing life form from being killed by other Gallifreyans, including his old friend Magnus, later known as the War Chief. (Flashback)
The Doctor later met and rescued Patience, the wife of Omega, co-founder of the Time Lord society, along with her granddaughter. (Cold Fusion)
Before leaving Gallifrey, The Doctor learned of the existence of the miniscopes and was outraged by their cruelty to the specimens within. He campaigned to have them banned and, despite the non-interference policy of the Time Lords, was successful. His role in banning the use of miniscopes was known throughout nine galaxies. (Carnival of Monsters, The Empire of Glass)
Before he departed from Gallifrey, The Doctor possessed a Type 50 TARDIS, which he abandoned when he left and became a renegade. (Prisoners of Fate)
These omissions are so great that the article's factual accuracy has been compromised. Check out the discussion page and revision history for further clues about what needs to be updated in this article.
The Doctor was married to an unidentified individual, with Clara Oswald counting a fourth marriage alongside his successors' wifes when trying to convince the Cybermen that she was The Doctor. (Death in Heaven) His tenth incarnation recalled being "terrible" at his own wedding. (Blink)
According to several accounts, The Doctor was a father at one point in his life, (Fear Her, The Doctors Daughter, Listen) of both "sons and daughters". (The Eleventh Tiger) In his eleventh incarnation, The Doctor later recalled coming to the Rings of Akhaten "a long time ago with my granddaughter" after leaving Gallifrey, (The Rings of Akhaten) and Clara also referred to the Doctors "children and grandchildren", who were "missing, and [she] assume[d], dead" by the time of the Doctors twelfth incarnation. (Death in Heaven)
The Doctor had three known grandchildren: Susan, (An Unearthly Child) John and Gillian. (The Klepton Parasites) Susan specifically identified The Doctor as her grandfather, (An Unearthly Child, "The Escape") as did Barbara Wright, (An Unearthly Child, "Hidden Danger") Ian Chesterton, ("The Ambush", "Kidnap") Ping-Cho ("The Wall of Lies") and The Doctor himself, ("The Brink of Disaster") while The Doctor likewise considered Susan to be his grandchild, ("The Rescue", Marco Polo, The Sensorites, "Flashpoint") as did the First Elder. ("Hidden Danger").
However, other conflicting accounts explained that Susan was not the Doctors grandchild, with one stating Susan was a young Time Lady from the Doctors own time whom The Doctor had rescued, (Birth of a Renegade) and another explaining she was from the time period of her grandfather the Other. (Lungbarrow)
After his friend, The Master, had a daughter of his own, The Doctor gave him a cameo brooch made of Dark star alloy. (The Witch's Familiar)
Several versions of the Doctors departure from Gallifrey were known.
One account depicted The Doctor living as a lowly Scrutationary Archivist of the Bureau of Possible Events, and disowned by his family in the House of Lungbarrow. In order to replace the disowned Doctor, his family loomed another cousin, Owis. After an encounter with a gloating Glospin, he revealed that there was genetic evidence to suggest that The Doctor didn't originally come from the Lungbarrow Loom, and intended to use it to get The Doctor executed for Loom-jumping. During a fight between the two, the Hand of Omega arrived to attack Glospin, giving The Doctor the opportunity to escape in a Type 40 TARDIS with the Hand of Omega. The Hand piloted the TARDIS to the Dark Time on Gallifrey to collect Susan, who was the granddaughter of the Other. Susan believed The Doctor was a reincarnation of the Other, and began travelling the universe with him. (Lungbarrow, Legacy of the Daleks)
Another account presented The Doctor existing during a period of civil unrest on Gallifrey, when many students of the Time Lord Academy led by Koschei, revolted against the corrupt Lord President Pundat the Third, and attempted to recruit The Doctor and convince him to take the position as President, but decided not to interfere with the current constitution. When Pundat died of stress soon after the revolt, his chosen successor was Chancellor Slann. The students had found the last of Lord Rassilon's descendants, Lady Larn, a seven-year old child adopted by Councillor Brolin.
They decided on a second coup. Yet in trying to convert The Doctor, the students were overheard.
The Doctor, innocent of the students' revolt, was too highly respected to be terminated like the other students. It was decided to wipe parts of his memory. Bloody reprisals against the students followed, and The Doctor decided to leave Gallifrey in a TARDIS. As it happened, the Lady Larn was hiding in the same TARDIS that The Doctor stole; The Doctor knew her as Susan and she affectionately called him "grandfather". (Birth of a Renegade, Time & Time Again)
Another account suggests The Doctor broke the Time Lords' law on non-interference and faced being erased from history by his brother Braxiatel.
Braxiatel allowed The Doctor to run, giving him the chance to steal a Type 40 TARDIS and escape Gallifrey. He took with him the Hand of Omega and his granddaughter, Susan. (Gallifrey ; Disassembled)
Another account showed The Doctor, already with Susan, ready to steal a faulty TARDIS in a repair shop on Gallifrey. In the process of leaving Gallifrey, The Doctor was going to steal a newer TARDIS model until an incarnation of Clara Oswald advised him to steal the Type 40 with a faulty navigation system instead, as it would be much more fun. This account also showed The Doctor already wearing Edwardianera dress before he visited Earth. (The Name of the Doctor)
He grew a bond with this TARDIS that would last for centuries. When The Doctor first entered the TARDIS, he described it as "the most beautiful thing I ever saw". (The Doctors Wife)
Immediately after leaving Gallifrey, The Doctor rested in the TARDIS console room, while Susan explored their new home. She found a full-length mirror, and saw a pale-skinned fanged figure who vanished after telling her that she was not the one. The Doctor theorised that, since they were now travelling through time, she encountered a brief echo of another era, an event from either the future or the past. (The Exiles)
On their journeys through time and space, The Doctor and Susan travelled to Bridgetown on the planet Quinnis in the fourth universe. They nearly lost the TARDIS when it was washed away during a severe flood. They recovered it with the assistance of a huntsman named Evalihi Parch IV, who possessed an ornithopter. (The Edge of Destruction", Quinnis)
The Doctor met humans for the first time on the planet Iwa when he and Susan were seperated, In his search for Susan, The Doctor found a human medical colony. The principal work of the facility, called "the Refuge", was to rehabilitate patients identified as "Future Deviants". By undergoing dream therapy, it was hoped that such individuals would not become criminals. The Doctor soon learned the residents were besieged by fox-like aliens who could disintegrate and reconstitute their bodies.
Taking him inside their compound, the humans stripped him of his clothes and burned them, citing possible contamination by the "foxes". They gave him new clothes drawn from their own supply.
This meant that he was now wearing the garb of a doctor. When they assumed that he was sent by Earth to help them, he agreed. Not wishing to give them his real name, he referenced his new clothes to derive a title: "The Doctor". The Doctor assumed this alias, because he described it as an honourable profession amongst his own people.
He agreed to help them with their "fox problem" if they would help him find his granddaughter. They discovered "Susan" had become trapped in the colonists' "dream chambers", medical devices that put patients into deep sleep and linked them in one communal dream. Inside the dream chamber, the Doctors granddaughter met a human colonist named Jill, who promptly gave the young girl the name "Susan", after Jill's own mother.
Eventually the newly-named Doctor and Susan were reunited.
They helped the colonists broker an uneasy peace with the foxes. They left the colony, deciding to retain the names they had gained there. The Doctor was deeply impressed by humans during this initial encounter. He told Susan They should find a way to settle amongst them for a while, so that he could study them and they could maintain a low profile on the run from the Time Lords. (Frayed)
Some time after their first meeting with humans, The Doctor and his granddaughter began to study Earth and humans more closely. One of their first trips to Earth was to the British coastal town of Keelmouth in 1933. There, they vacationed at a bed and breakfast called "Bide-a-Wee". Another of its guests was a time traveller named Prentice.
He had used his technology to displace Keelmouth in time; the village was in 1933, but the surrounding world was in 1999 Prentice's aims were not precisely evil — he just wanted to retire in a place where it was always a small British village in 1933 — but The Doctor and Susan had to convince Prentice to reverse the effect, because his retirement fantasy wasn't fair to the people he had trapped alongside him. (Bide-a-Wee)
Continuing his TARDIS travels with Susan, The Doctor began pursuing the Soul Pirates, after they had removed and stolen his hand in a sword fight. Whilst following them, they arrived in 1900 London, where Susan and a group of children were kidnapped, so the Soul Pirates could harvest their body parts for a profit. However, The Doctor foiled this plan, and rescued Susan and the children. According to this account, The Doctor first wore his Victorian style outfit, and received a brand new hand, indistinguishable from the original. (A Big Hand for The Doctor)
The Doctor first encountered Brigadier-Lethbridge Stewart, one of his closest and oldest friends in the future, at Christmas when he and his wife Doris saved Susan from drowning.
However, The Doctor seemed to know how important the Brigadier would become to him, and told Doris that he knew how his future friend would die. But promptly left before distruption to their personal timelines. (The Gift)
The Doctor and Susan went to ancient Rome, Mexico, Antioch, Jerusalem (Byzantium!) and Akhaten. (The Rings of Akhaten)
On further adventures, they sailed around the Carribean onboard a pirate galleon, witnessed the assassination of President McKinley, travelled to Cassuragi and visited Mondas and encountered Cybermen for the first time, (Byzantium!)
The Doctor and Susan next visited Jabalhabad, India, in 1843, whilst they were touring India by elephant.
They met Siger Holmes, father of Sherlock Holmes. (All-Consuming Fire)
Soon after, The Doctor and Susan visited 16th century Germany and saved Martin Luther King from two assassination attempts whilst attending his trial. (The Price of Conviction) and they visited 1955 and discovered the alien "Shakers" had been in leauge with the British Goverment since World War II. (Losing the Audience)
Visiting Earth again in 1979, the dematerialisation circuit was fried while the TARDIS was orbiting Earth. The TARDIS was taken on-board a Slarvian ransport, and the two Time Lords learned that the snail-like species planned to conquer Earth by hatching their eggs all over the planet. Their plan failed because the Slarvian ship crashed into the English Channel, making the threat localised to England. With the help of the humans Linda Grainger and her grandfather Edward Grainger, who had met The Doctor many times in his future incarnations although The Doctor was yet to meet him, The Doctor and Susan stopped the Slarvianeggs from hatching. (Childhood Living)
Soon after, they unwittingly travelled to Paris in the 22nd century, where they became embroiled in political intrigue in the run-up to an election in the city of Urrozdinee. Departing after the incumbent had been killed, they never quite understood that the city they had visited was what had once been known as EuroDisney. (Urrozdinee)
At this point, The Doctor had realised that "the TARDIS assaults the mind of anyone, but its owner and his familiars." As a result, he and Susan had been losing their memory since They began travelling in the TARDIS. This prompted their search for somewhere to take residence and recover from the memory loss. (Echoes of Future Past) Their loss of memory would stay for sometime after settling in London. (Time and Relative)
Soon after this, they made a short trip to the planet Tacunda. There, they uncovered a jewel called a "Blessing Star". This crystal altered the laws of probability around the holder, essentially making their dreams come true. The Doctor tried the device, wishing that he could pilot the TARDIS to 20th century Earth. He was successful at piloting the ship for one of the only times in this incarnation's existence. Unfortunately, it completely fried the navigational system, stranding The Doctor and Susan in I.M. Foreman's junk yard in Totter's Lane, London in the 1960s. (The Rag and Bone Man's Story)
In 1962, The Doctor and Susan took up residence in a Totters Lane junkyard in Shoreditch, London to allow Susan to complete her education, and so The Doctor could effect repairs and build missing components for the TARDIS. (An Unearthly Child, Time and Relative) While based in London, The Doctor hid the Hand of Omega, a powerful Time Lord artefact that he had taken from Gallifrey. (Remembrance of the Daleks, Time & Time Again)
Although he was known to be unsociable and unlikely to travel outward, this did not stop his search for knowledge. He at least once visited a library (The Vampires of Venice) and a public theatre, where he once got into a fight with a lady, (Who is Doctor Who?)
Just before starting classes at Coal Hill School, The Doctor and Susan took a couple of trips to the European mainland.
On one occasion, they went to central Europe in the 16th century. On the way out of the TARDIS, Susan">Susan noticed what looked like a meteorite. She tossed it out, thinking it unimportant, but soon came to realise that it was in fact a part of a Liciax ship. When she tried to find what she had carelessly discarded, it was gone. With the help of a man named Lovey, they traced it to Prague, where they found it had been shaped into a golem. It was definitively alive. It was also on a murderous rampage.
The Doctor and Susan trapped it in the attic of a Jewish synagogue, placing it under a security system, to which only they knew the access codes. (Life from Lifelessness)
Back in Shoreditch, The Doctor had his first encounter with River Song, who would become his wife centuries later. He caught her sneaking around the junkyard where his TARDIS was located, but he was unaware of her identity. River ran off when she heard Susan, later writing in her diary that it was a conversation for which she was unprepared. (The Eternity Clock)
Soon after the time of his arrival, a Dalek had discovered him. The Doctors seventh incarnation also appeared in his past self's life on a mission from the White Guardian to steal the TARDIS Instruction Manual. Unbeknownst to the First Doctor, the Seventh Doctor saved him from the Dalek and made off with the instruction manual in the confusion. (Time & Time Again)
At some point during 1963, he was placed on trial for murder as a result of killing a werewolf with a silver bullet. He was acquitted by the jury which was made up partly of his future selves, specifically his second, third, fifth and eighth incarnations. (The Juror's Story)
The Doctor began investigating an alien insect and planned to take it home. His later abscondment from the 1960s prevented him from doing so. He wouldn't deal with the insect until he was in his fourth incarnation. (Those Left Behind)
The Doctor and Susan got lost at night in the dense fog. They met a girl named Joan Calder and sheltered at her home, where they met her mother and grandfather. During the visit the house burst into flames. On the Doctors instruction, Susan broke a mirror in the house. The elder Calder crumbled into ash and the fire abated. Although The Doctor never was able to adequately explain the event, it was related to the fact that the house had in fact been levelled during the London Blitz two decades earlier. The Doctor postulated that Susan's action likely saved the lives of Joan and her mother. (Ash)
After witnessing a man explode into a protoplasmic mass at a beat poetry reading, The Doctor and Susan traced the unusual death to a British government project, Operation Proteus. They discovered the project was being run by an alien named Raldonn, who was mutating humans to turn one into his own species so that he would have a co-pilot to help him fly his ship back home. Unfortunately, his efforts relied on a lethal virus that threatened all London. After reversing the effects of the virus, The Doctor and Susan returned to the TARDIS in Totter's Lane. (Operation Proteus)
While Susan was attending Coal Hill School, London was consumed by winter weather in the middle of spring, as a result of an extra-dimensional called the Cold awakening. After being coerced by Susan, The Doctor reluctantly decided to interfere in events, and defeated the Cold by depositing it on Pluto in the far future, before it destroyed all humanity on Earth. After these events, it opened the Doctors mind to the possibilities of getting involved in events more often. Although, it did make him more paranoid about people discovering their secret, since he was aware that the Time Lords would be alert for any signs of interference. (Time and Relative)
Whilst Susan attended Coal Hill School, The Doctor and she continued to reside at 76 Totter's Lane. Two of Susan's teachers Ian Chesterson and Barbara Wright, followed her home and confronted The Doctor. He launched the TARDIS, kidnapping them so they couldn't tell anyone about Susan and him. They travelled to prehistoric times.
The TARDIS experienced faults at this point in its chameleon circuit and its ability to indicate its space/time coordinates. Kidnapped by a tribesman named Kal, The Doctor was brought to the Tribe of Gum. Susan, Ian and Barbara followed to save him, but Za caught them and placed them all in the Cave of Skulls.
The Doctor thanked Old Mother when she freed them, but grew miserable whilst trekking through the Forest of Fear. When Za was wounded by a tiger, The Doctor initially refused to help him. He picked up a rock and was seemingly ready to kill Za, until Ian stopped him. The Doctor claimed he was about going to have the injured man draw a map back to the TARDIS. (An Unearthly Child) However, a meeting with his eighth incarnation in a time bubble – created when the two Doctors met – convinced him otherwise. (The Eight Doctors) Recaptured and placed back in the cave, The Doctor tricked Kal into revealing he had killed the Old Mother. The Doctor helped Ian with an escape plan, and the travellers made it back to the TARDIS. (An Unearthly Child)
The Doctor was unable to return Ian and Barbara to their original place and time. When the TARDIS landed on Skaro, he lied about the fluid link needing more mercury, when there was nothing wrong, so he could explore a nearby city. In the city, The Doctor and his friends were captured by the Daleks, confiscating the fluid link they brought along.
Having escaped, they assisted the Daleks enemy, the Thals in their attack on the Dalek city. The Daleks' power supply was damaged in the attack. The Daleks died and their plans to flood the atmosphere with radiation failed. However, this was not the last The Doctor seen of the Daleks, as he would go on to battle them many times in his future, and they would become his greatest enemy. (The Daleks)
With the fluid link retrieved, The Doctor left Skaro forEarth, using the fast return switch. The spring in the switch was damaged, causing it to be stuck. The TARDIS was sent to the beginning of a solar system and everyone was knocked out in the trip. The TARDIS tried warning the crew about the atoms forming around them when they came to, but The Doctor assumed that this was Ian and Barbara's sabotage of the ship. Once Barbara figured out what was going on, The Doctor fixed the spring and apologised to his human companions, ending the fault. ("The Rescue", The Edge of Destruction) After this incident, the Doctors relationship with Barbara and Ian became more warm, and he began to learn and respect their humanity. (Hunters of the Burning Stone)
Still heavily damaged and malfunctioning, the TARDIS found its way to Earth,but did not make it to Ian and Barbara's time, instead landing in the Plain of Pamir in 1289. There, The Doctor and his companions met Marco Polo. Polo took the TARDIS and its keys on his caravan the breadth of Cathay to hand to Kublai Khan as part of a bargain for his return to Venice. Along the way, the Mongol warlord, Tegana, also part of Polo's caravan, tried to take the TARDIS for Nogai as part of his plan to assassinate Kublai. In the chaos of Tegana and Polo's duel in Peking, The Doctor and his companions escaped in his repaired TARDIS. (Marco Polo)
The Doctor landed on an island on Marinus Arbitan. asked them to search for the keys to the reprogrammed Conscience of Marinus to regain control over the Voord, as all of his other followers and family members failed to retrieve them. Arbitan trapped the TARDIS in a forcefield, preventing The Doctor and his companions' escape.
They used Arbitan's travel dials to reach Morphoton. Barbara released Arbitan's daughter, Sabetha, and the rest of the city from the Morpho's mind control, and retrieved the first key.
The Doctor jumped ahead to Millennius, the location of the final key, to find Eprin. Once Ian had found two more keys, he was knocked out and framed for Eprin's murder. The Doctor stood as defence at Ian's trial, but Ian was sentenced to death. The Doctor learnt that one of the conspirators in the murder, the prosecutor, Eyesen, was ready to collect one of the keys and Ian was spared execution. The guards captured Eyesen and the last key was found in the mace that killed Eprin.
The Doctor and his companions returned to Arbitan's island, where Arbitan had been murdered. Ian handed the Voord a fake key, which destroyed the Conscience, along with the Voord. they were able to leave in the TARDIS once more. (The Keys of Marinus)
The Doctor and his companions arrived in an Aztec temple in Mexico. They went through a one-way passage that prevented access to the TARDIS. Barbara posed as the Aztec god, Yetaxa, with the others as her servants, to find a way back. Barbara tried and failed to change the Aztecs' history of human sacrifice for the better, which The Doctor strongly advised her against. Susan was to be punished for denying marriage to the Perfect Victim of the Aztecs' sacrifice and Ian to be executed when he was framed by the High Priest of Sacrifice, Tlotoxl, for attacking the High Priest of Knowledge, Autloc. Autloc's faith in Yetaxa was shattered, and he left for the wilderness.
The Doctor and Ian distracted Ian and Susan's guard to escape. They worked on a pulley system to open the doorway back to the TARDIS. As they departed, the sacrifice of the Perfect Victim continued as planned. During this adventure, The Doctor romanced and accidentally got engaged to an Aztec women called Cameca, althought he was forced to leave her behind. (The Aztecs)
The Doctor and his friends next arrived inside a spaceship in the 28th century, where two crewmembers were suspended in a state resembling death and another, John, had had his mind opened and turned insane, following an attack on their minds by the Sensorites.
The Sense Sphere, which the ship had been trapped around, had its aqueducts' water supply poisoned with atropine by survivors of a previous human expedition whose ship had been destroyed.
The TARDIS' lock was taken by the Sensorites, leaving The Doctor and his companions trapped on the spaceship. After The Doctor and his companions resisted the Sensorites, The Doctor, Ian and Susan agreed to go down to the Sense Sphere, where The Doctor worked out the cure for this "disease", which had also afflicted Ian, while the Sensorite scientists treated John.
The Doctor and Ian later followed by Barbara, went to the aqueducts where belladonna had been growing. They found the human expedition and pretended to be a welcoming party for them and that the "war" against the Sensorites was won. The expedition were taken into custody on Maitland's ship. Maitland's ship was free to leave and the TARDIS crew had regained their lock. (The Sensorites)
The TARDIS then landed in France in the middle of their revolution. they were immediately caught in the depth of the war, and Ian, Barbara and Susan were all sentenced to death. The Doctor helped find an English spy named James Stirling who could help them to escape. Escaping their cells, they made their way through the French and back to the TARDIS, where they made a narrow escape. (The Reign of Terror)
After escaping from France, The Doctor wanted to relax, but found himself on a planet with a fast time rate, and discovered the entire civilisation of the planet had been based around him, Ian, Barbara and Susan. He and his companions then watched the rise and fall of the civilisation in a matter of minutes. (Rise and Fall)
The Doctor rescued Joseph Rennigan, the sole survivor of an American space mission that crashed on Mars, leaving Joseph convinced that The Doctor and his three friends were hallucinations. (Rennigan's Record)
Starting to feel guilty about taking Barbara and Ian away from everyone and everything They know, The Doctor made sure Barbara's mother, Joan Wright, knew that her daughter was alive and happy. (A Long Night)
The Doctor later visited a dying world, where Barbara was infected by an alien parasite which disorted her memories. However, The Doctor was able to free her of the infection. (Nothing At the End of the Lane)
Arriving in Afghanistan in 1842, The Doctor lost Ian when he was kidnapped by a brutal Gilzia chieftain called Gul Zaheer. Unable to track them down, The Doctor spent a month gathering Afghan allies to help him rescue Ian and another British prisoner, Symonds. But he was too late to stop Gul killing Symonds, so an enraged Ian killed Gul by throwing him into a pit. (Mire and Clay)
During a visit to Chicago in 2006, The Doctor lost the TARDIS in a bet with a businessman named Burchana, who intended to auction off the time machine. Hiring a 60s oldsmobile, The Doctor and his friends travelled to Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Missouri, and The Doctor finally won the TARDIS back in Santa Monica. (The Mother Road)
The Doctor next travelled to London during World War II and discovered the Bansharai, alien shapeshifters who survived on emotions, had been posing as dead people to make the wishes of their loved ones come true, also posing as Barbara's father. (Tell Me You Love Me)
Soon after, The Doctor stopped a suicidal crew leader, Provost Rowd, from wiping out the last remnants of the dying Metraxis, and he later assisted a new leader, Egrabil, to find a new home for the Metraxi. (A Star is Born)
In a further attempt to return Ian and Barbara home, the TARDIS malfunctioned, and they landed in a place filled with giant bugs and long, winding paths. Ian and Susan found a gigantic match box, while The Doctor and Barbara found a worm. Ian was trapped in the match box, which was taken by a man named Farrow. The Doctor deduced that they were on Earth, but they had been shrunk down to the size of an inch.
Farrow met with Forester to tell him that his insecticide had been rejected. Forester killed Farrow. The crew, looking for Ian, heard the gunshot and ran to the scene, where they were menaced by a cat. Entering the house, Barbara began to die when she touched the insecticide. She proceeded to contact someone through a telephone and reached Hilda Rowse and her husband Bert. They managed to grow back to size and Barbara recovered. Forester and his accomplice, Smithers, were handed over to the police. Planet Of Giants)
The Doctor and his companions next travelled into Earth's future; in London during the time of the 22nd century Dalek invasion, Susan met David Campbell, a young resistance fighter against the Daleks. Realising she would be better off not facing the dangers of travelling with him, and recognising she was no longer a child, The Doctor reluctantly left her behind. (The Dalek Invasion of Earth) Although he later reunited with her briefly for an adventure on Gallifrey, (The Five Doctors) he continued to regret this decision for centuries to come (The Forgotten) and even slept through a materialisation because of his sorrow. (The Rescue) Shortly after leaving Susan in the 22nd century, The Doctor travelled to Venus three billion years in the past to attend the funeral of his old friend Dharkhig. There, The Doctor, Ian and Barbara became embroiled in the VenusIans' conflict with their would-be saviours, theSou(ou)shi. (VenusIan Lullaby)
The Doctor briefly lost Ian and Barbara as companions when they decided to settle down in 1950s Shoreditch, and he spent four months investigating the stone of Micah in Scotland. Shortly after this, Ian and Barbara had found life in the 1950s difficult to relive and rejoined The Doctor aboard the TARDIS. (Set in Stone)
Travelling on with his two human companions, The Doctor went on the trail of an energy being known as the Vril and followed it to 1553 England, where he, Ian and Barbara met Queen of England, Jane Grey. Defeating the Vril, who had possessed the Duke of Northumberland, The Doctor resisted the urge to alter Jane's fate, instead being by her side as she died. (The Nine-Day Queen)
Intending to give Susan a wedding ring, The Doctor, Ian and Barbara visited the mines of Alexandria. However, Ian was separated from The Doctor and Barbara. Barbara accidentally created an alternative timeline after being sent 9 years into the past. In the alternate world, King Ptolemy and his warriors went to war with the alien Rhakotis, and Barbara soon fell in love with Ptolemy and married him, becoming Queen. After 9 years of war, The Doctor used a book from Gallifrey to repair time, erasing the alternative history and costing Barbara her husband. (The Book of Shadows)
The Doctor had a second encounter with River Song during his travels with Ian and Barbara. This time, River wiped his memory with mnemosine recall-wipe vapour so the timeline would remain intact. (The Eternity Clock)
The Doctor gained a new companion in Vicki Pallister, who immediately became a surrogate for Susan. He faced Koquillion who turned out to be a murderer called Bennett but The Doctor defeated him. (The Rescue)
The TARDIS crew eventually landed on Vortis, where they encountered the Zarbi and the Animus, (The Web Planet) and met Richard The Lionheart in the 12th century. (The Crusade)
The Doctor, Ian, Barbara, and Vicki then travelled to 1868, where they attended a lecture by Thomas Huxley. The four of them travelled into the London Underground to investigate a group of missing students and discovered that the Zarbi had populated themselves in the there. Travelling further into the sewers, they found the Animus, who had reformed itself and had moved to Earth to take revenge on the human race. Ian was able to kill it by driving a train into it. The Doctor and his companions prepared to leave, but The Doctor discovered that his companions were missing; having been pulled out of time byan entity. (Prisoners of Time)
The Doctor and his companions continued to explore alien worlds and Earth's past. On one occasion they landed on Xeros, only to find their future selves exhibits in display cases. They began trying to avoid this version of the future. The Doctor was taken by the Moroks to be prepared for the exhibit but he was rescued by Ian. they were recaptured but the Xerons rebelled and freed them. Thus they prevented their own future. (The Space Museum)
Soon after, The Doctor and the rest of the TARDIS crew found themselves being followed through time by the Daleks, who built a time machine in order to follow the TARDIS through time. After many different trips and landings, the crew were able to defeat The Daleks. Following the encounter, The Doctor successfully programmed a Dalek time machine to take Ian and Barbara back home. (The Chase) At this time he gained another new companion in Steven Taylor, and met another Time Lord, The Monk (The Time Meddler)
The Doctor and his friends next visited planet Ca-Mon Green, where they ended a war between humanity and the Kel-T over the mining rights of a mysterious blue liquid that bestows superpowers. (The Power Supply)
The Doctor was pulled out of time by the Time Lords, who wanted his help in getting the Second and Third Doctor to work together to stop Omega. (The Three Doctors) His memories were wiped and he was returned to Steven and Vicki. (The Empire of Glass)
After arriving on a doomed planet with Drahvin and Rills, (Galaxy 4) Vicki fell in love, and decided to leave the TARDIS to remain in Troy. It was in Troy where The Doctor and Steven met Katarina who decided to travel with them. (The Myth Makers) Soon after, The Doctor entered into an epic struggle against the Daleks that saw the deaths of two of his companions, Katarina and Space Agent Sara Kingdom. The Doctor was also greatly aged by the Time Destructor, enough to turn a human to dust. (The Daleks' Master Plan)
The uneasy relationship between The Doctor and Steven became more apparent from these events. The Doctor tried to look for ways of rectifying his relationship, such as visiting a rose garden, which led to The Doctor being taken by the Time scoop to the Death Zone. (Roses, The Five Doctors)
The TARDIS materialised in London in 1966. There They encountered the Fulgurites, who were involved in the trafficking of humans across the galaxy for slave labour with the full knowledge of the British government. The Doctor and Steven put an end to the Fulgurites' activities with the assistance of a young city trader named Oliver Harper, who joined the TARDIS crew. (The Perpetual Bond, The Cold Equations) Oliver travelled with The Doctor and Steven briefly. He met his death at the hands of the Vardans on the asteroid Grace Alone while saving his companions' lives. (The First Wave)
This added additional strain to his relationship with Steven, who briefly left the TARDIS following a subsequent bloody adventure. Steven almost immediately returned however, and with new companion Dodo Chaplet, The Doctor continued their travels. (The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve) Together They encountered humans from the far future, (The Ark) the Celestial Toymaker, (The Celestial Toymaker) famous characters from the American Wild West, (The Gunfighters) and travelled to Kiev in the 13th century. (Bunker Soldiers)
It was after this struggle with the Toymaker that The Doctor felt he was nearing the end of his first life, and became increasingly unwell. (The Man in the Velvet Mask) Steven eventually left The Doctor, albeit on better terms. (The Savages) Soon after, The Doctor faced the mad computer WOTAN and its war machines in 1960s London. After he was forced to leave an injured Dodo (who was controlled by WOTAN) on modern-day Earth, where he picked up the final companions of his first incarnation, Polly Wright and Ben Jackson. (The War Machines)
The Doctor and his new friends then got caught up with a band of smugglers. (The Smugglers) and continued to travel together, arriving on their first alien planet. (Ten Little Aliens)
After he dropped Ben and Polly off, The Doctor began travelling on his own with the ability to pilot the TARDIS effectively, as a favour granted to him by Rassilon as he was approaching his first regeneration. He took this opportunity to revisit Rebecca Nurse, (The Witch Hunters) and meets several future incarnations. (Five Card Draw)
Visiting Cambridge, The Doctor visited a Time Lord called Professor Chronotis, unaware that the Professor had just had an adventure with his fourth incarnation. (Cambridge Previsited)
The Doctor next met a writer called John Lucarotti and told him about his adventure in France at the time of the Huguenot massacre and inspiring the writer to take a trip to Samarkhand. (The Meeting)
The Doctor, once again, took up residency in a junkyard in 1960s England. During that time, he made contact with his long-lost grandchildren, John and Gillian. When the TARDIS was transported to the 29th century, The Doctor and his grandchildren saved the peaceful Thains from being enslaved by the Kleptons. Declining the offer to become ruler of the Thain city, The Doctor set about trying to return his grandchildren home. (The Klepton Parasites)
Trying to return them home, The Doctor crashed the TARDIS on an alien planet, where he and his grandchildren met Grig and accompanied him on a quest to find the oldest TherovIan in existence who possessed a cure for a disease that had crippled the Theros population. After battling the Great Ixa, The Doctor and Grig found the cure, saving the Theros civilisation. (The Therovian Quest)
Investigating the disappearance of seven Earth spaceships in 2075, The Doctor and his grandchildren were taken prisoner by Captain Anastas Thrax and his pirates, who had been drawing ships off course and selling their cargo. Alongside a band of prisoners, The Doctor overpowered Anasta's ship and had him arrested. (The Hijackers of Thrax)
After travelling alone for a while, The Doctor resumed his travels with Ben and Polly.
Suffering from nightmares about his father, The Doctor next travelled to a planet he had been running from for so long – Gallifrey, where he met his K'anpo Rimpoche, his old mentor, and was offered a chance to return to his life on Gallifrey before his abscondment, rewriting his own past and erasing his travels in time and space. Resisting temptation, The Doctor ran from Gallifrey once again, and continued "running" in his TARDIS. However, he now had the knowledge that his first regeneration was approaching. (The Three Paths)
The Doctor also had nightmares for years about an elderly lady who had been covered in veils after she died on a hot day, with the heat causing flies to swarm around her corpse. (Heaven Sent)
According to the First Doctor himself when asked by a glass avatar of Bill Potts what he was running to instead of away from, "I left Gallifrey to answer a question of my own. By any analysis evil should always win. Good is not a practical survival strategy, it requires loyalty, self-sacrifice, love. And so why does good prevail? What keeps the balance between good and evil in this appalling universe? Is there some kind of logic, some mysterious force?" Upon hearing this, Bill suggested that it was "some bloke" who went around fixing the universe when it was needed. The Doctor didn't understand that Bill believed that it was The Doctor himself that maintained this balance, something that Bill would note that none of his incarnations would realise even when everyone who ever met them understood this fact.
Unknown to Ben or Polly, The Doctor had started his first regeneration, Mondas having drained his strength. The Doctor, scared to change, decided to halt the process, determined to not become a different person.
the First Doctor finally understood that "that's what it means to be a Doctor of War." "You were right you know: the universe generally fails to be a fairytale. But that's where we come in," confided the Twelfth Doctor. After watching the Armistice for a few hours, The Doctors shook hands, at which time both of their hands started glowing with regeneration energy. the First Doctor admitted that he was finally ready, but questioned his future self on his decision. the Twelfth Doctor stated that the First Doctor would have to find out "the long way round" and was wished luck by his predecessor before the First Doctor departed to his TARDIS.
When the Twelfth Doctor declared the Earth to be protected, The Doctor didn't understand whom his future self meant, showing that The Doctor never even considered it to be himself. the Twelfth Doctor would refer to his predecessor as "early days" as an explanation for this.
However, after his future self altered time slightly to save the lives of two men, The Doctor was amazed rather than angry and took his future self's meddling to be a good indicator of the man he would eventually become.
While the Twelfth Doctor once considered his first incarnation to have been "eccentric, a bit mad, [and] rude to people." (Hell Bent) upon meeting him, he treated his past incarnation with respect, but was rather shocked at some of his mannerisms, particularly his lack of political correctness.
After learning about his future self's history as "The Doctor of War," The Doctor was shocked and horrified, but continued working closely with his future self, even confiding in him. By learning about his future self, The Doctor let his fears go, accepting regeneration and change.
Near his life's end, The Doctor feared regeneration and what he would become to the point that he resisted it. During an encounter with his future self, The Doctor admitted his fear, something he stated he would never usually admit to someone else. The Doctor's fears grew upon learning that he would become known as "The Doctor of War" and seeing images of some of the conflicts that he would participate in. However, after witnessing his future self alter time slightly to save the lives of two men in the middle of a battlefield, The Doctor finally understood what he would become and what "The Doctor of War" truly was. Seeing his future, though he would not remember it, inspired The Doctor to let his fears go and accept his regeneration.
Unlike his successors, he was more "hands free", relying less on devices like the sonic screwdriver and sonic sunglasses in favour of using his own eyes and intellect, which proved superior to the Twelfth Doctor's when analysing the Testimony. As a result , The Doctor did not understand such devices or how to use them. He was also capable of delaying regeneration for several hours, staying in the "state of grace" it provided longer than the Twelfth Doctor, still able to move around without displaying any fatigue despite the process somewhat altering his appearance.
A major skill The Doctor lacked was the ability to correctly pilot his TARDIS which caused many problems for The Doctor and his companions over their adventures as he could not control the TARDIS to return them home. As demonstrated by the Twelfth Doctor, the First Doctor simply lacked the skill to properly fly the TARDIS. Having had centuries more experience, the Twelfth Doctor was able to pilot the First Doctor's TARDIS with ease to the center of the universe, amazing the First Doctor at his future self's skill and the ease with which he could do it. (Twice Upon a Time)
The Doctor departed his future self, and entered the TARDIS after catching the fading image of his late companion Oliver Harper. (The First Wave) Now inside the TARDIS and losing more of his strength as the TARDIS' controls operate on their own, he managed to set the coordinates to return it to Antarctica in 1986. Glowing with regeneration energy, he opened the doors for Ben and Polly. "Well then, here we go, the long way round," stated The Doctor before collapsing unconscious to the floor.(Twice Upon a Time ,The Tenth Planet). As his twelfth incarnation recalled, his first regeneration was when he realised that "[he] wasn't who [he] thought [he] was". The Doctor's regeneration felt like "the end of everything" as every particle in his body was dying. (Blood and Ice) Before the astonished eyes of his friends, The Doctor regenerated for the first time, transforming into a much younger man, (The Tenth Planet) at the age of 450-years-old. (Iceberg) As noted by the Twelfth Doctor to his original incarnation The Doctor would not remember the meeting between both himself and the Twelfth Doctor after he had regenerated. (Twice Upon a Time)
- At some point, The Doctor visited Dido. (The Rescue)
- The Doctor camped out on Mars, but had to leave the camp material there when the TARDIS had a malfunction and almost left without him. (Please Shut the Gate)
- the First Doctor visited Mondas. (Byzantium!)
- the First Doctor attended the funeral of Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart. The Gift)
- Before he met Ian and Barbara, The Doctor argued with Henry VIII and was sent to theTower of London, where he could escape in the TARDIS. (Strangers in Space")
- River Song considered the First Doctor to be boring, because he spent his time hanging out with teachers. (The Eternity Clock)
- In an alternate timeline created by the Black Guardian as revenge on The Doctor, the First Doctor never left Gallifrey, and eventually became Lord President. However, it also left Earth to be invaded by countless aliens, who were then in war over the planet. The Seventh Doctor, Benny, and Ace, with instructions from the White Guardian, were able to retrieve the Key to Time to set the timeline straight. (Time & Time Again)
- A sculpture of his head appeared in the 1993 special for Children In Need titled Dimensions In Time.
The character did make appearances in the CDs for Big Finish in Auld Mortality and Storm of Angels played by Geoffrey Bayldon.
The actor is played by David Bradley in the 50th Anniversary drama An Adventure In Space And Time, a documentary on how the show was first created.
"We are not of this race, not of this world, we are wonderers in the fourth dimension of Space and Time"


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The creative naming of the recent Northern California wildfires seems anti-intuitive in this last gasp of The Oil Age, an era in which global warming ensures the destruction will continue.
The wildfires that have ripped through Wine Country since Oct. 8, killing 42 people, injuring hundreds and destroying 5,700 structures so far, were given the usual colorful names: Atlas, Nuns, Tubbs, Redwood/Potter, Pocket, Cascade, Cherokee, La Porte, Sulphur and 37 Fire.
The names may well promote camaraderie and spirit among the courageous first-responders who get to name the fires, but they don't seem to be necessarily useful in evacuations efforts or increasing public knowledge about a present fire threat. They also romanticize and anthropomorphize an inanimate weather event, which can deflect from the serious danger of the fires.
The basic system is that whoever shows up first to fight a specific fire gets to name it, according to media reports. Apparently fire department leaders can reject a particular name if it's offensive or if they don't like it for some other reason. In the past that might have been a good system that encourages teamwork among first responders and some of the names do reflect a geographical name in the area of the fire. But then the fire grows into areas with other geographical landmark names.
Basically, it's a creative but potentially confusing system that could lead to more deaths and property damage.
Why not develop a nomenclature system that has real meaning? For example, why not just publicly name specific wildfires in specific major events by a numerical system that goes north to south by number and uses lettering that goes west to east? People would know Fire 1E is the northern most fire in any given wildfire event/area and is also burning to the east. Fire 12W is the southern most fire and is trending west. The numbers and lettering could change as the direction of the fires shift.
The numbering and lettering system could also be easier to synch up with specific weather alert and GPS applications on mobile devices and computers. People would know at once the broader location of the fires, could find more specific information about a fire easier and then take necessary precautions. Software could be developed that would use GPS technology to automatically name the fires.
That's just one idea and is only meant to start a discussion or start some thinking on the issue. The main point is the name of any given fire would carry a precise meaning in terms of location and burn direction as possible for residents in the area where the wildfires are breaking out.
The naming of wildfires has a colorful and romantic history in California, but maybe it's time to develop an understandable nomenclature that is solely aimed at saving lives and property.

subset: commoncrawl


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Johannes Schindelin authored
In d8193743 (usage.c: add BUG() function, 2017-05-12), a new macro was introduced to use for reporting bugs instead of die(). It was then subsequently used to convert one single caller in 588a538a (setup_git_env: convert die("BUG") to BUG(), 2017-05-12). The cover letter of the patch series containing this patch (cf firstname.lastname@example.com) is not terribly clear why only one call site was converted, or what the plan is for other, similar calls to die() to report bugs. Let's just convert all remaining ones in one fell swoop. This trick was performed by this invocation: sed -i 's/die("BUG: /BUG("/g' $(git grep -l 'die("BUG' \*.c) Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <firstname.lastname@example.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <email@example.com>033abf97


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Ciudad Valles Hotel hotel
Search 29 hotels in Ciudad Valles
Find out more about Ciudad Valles
What's Ciudad Valles like?
Where are the best places to stay in Ciudad Valles?
Here are our travelers' top 4 places to stay in Ciudad Valles:
Hotel VallesFamily-friendly hotel with outdoor pool, near El Pipila Park
- • Free breakfast • Free parking • Free WiFi • 2 restaurants • Attentive staff
Sierra Huasteca Inn3.5-star Ciudad Valles hotel with indoor pool
- • Free parking • Free WiFi • Restaurant • Fitness center • Bar
Hotel Avenida ExpressCiudad Valles guestrooms with comfy beds
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Mision Ciudad VallesLakefront hotel in Zona Centro with outdoor pool, conference center
- • Free parking • Free WiFi • Restaurant • Bar • Central location
What types of hotels are available in Ciudad Valles?
We have 45 Ciudad Valles accommodations with prices starting at PHP 1069. Choose one of our 167 deals and get discounts of up to 10%.
Below are the number of accommodations by star rating in Ciudad Valles and the surrounding area:
- • 3 4-star accommodations from PHP 3399 per night
- • 25 3-star accommodations from PHP 1069 per night
- • 3 2-star accommodations
How to Get to Ciudad Valles
What is the closest airport to Ciudad Valles?
- • Tamuin, San Luis Potosi (TSL-Tamuin National), 12.2 mi (19.6 km) from central Ciudad Valles
Things to See and Do in Ciudad Valles
What is there to see in Ciudad Valles?
- • Luis Donaldo Colosio Urban Park
- • El Pipila Park
When is the best time to visit Ciudad Valles?
- • Hottest months: August, July, September, June (average 89°F)
- • Coldest months: January, February, December, November (average 62°F)
- • Rainiest months: September, June, October, and August (average 8.51 inches of rainfall)


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Slendertone Arm muscle training system for firming and toning biceps and triceps
Uses EMS technology to create strong, deep muscle contractions
Produces toned, stronger arms within 4 weeks (when used 5 times weekly)
Conditioning, strength, and power training programs; 0 to 99 intensity levels
Includes gel pads and rechargeable controller; fits arms from 10 to 19.5 inches
Enjoy firm and toned arms within four weeks with the Slendertone Flex Pro arms muscle training system. The easy-to-use upper arm toner employs Slendertone's patented Electronic Muscle Stimulation (EMS) technology to create strong, deep, comfortable contractions in your muscles.
The Flex Pro arm training system uses electronic stimulation to tone and strengthen your biceps and triceps.
EMS mimics the body's natural muscle movements by sending signals between the pads, engaging the nerves that control your muscles and causing them to contract naturally. As a result, you simply have to wear the system arms five times a week for four weeks to tone and strengthen your triceps and biceps without trudging to the gym on a regular basis. Equipped with three training programs (one each for conditioning, strength, and power), several gel pads, and a rechargeable handheld controller, the Flex Pro system can tone both arms at once using up to 99 intensity levels. There's no better way for your upper body to look its best. The Flex Pro training system fits upper arm sizes from 10 to 19.5 inches.
Purchased this product a few days ago and used it for the first time two days ago. I am a long time fan/user of electronic muscle stim as a supplement to my regular workouts, and this product made my arms incredibly sore in the way that lets me know the muscles received a great stimulation. I would recommend this product to anyone looking to add to their routine. A recent article in the Wall Street journal talked about how stim will NOT make you toned but it will make your muscles stronger. I use this product along with a regular gym routine to train my bi's and tri's.
I'm 24 and was a gym rat for a while and was training to be a physical trainer until I messed up my shoulders and haven't lifted weights for almost 2 years. I went from 220 to 180lbs and was pretty depressed about not being able to lift. I always laughed at these types of things, but I figured I had no other choice now. I just got mine less than a week ago and have used them about 3 or 4 times now and they are incredible. I'm gaining back the muscle I lost from not working out. I am so impressed with these things. I'm not sure if they will build muscle if that's what you are looking for, but they are recovering the muscle I once had. They DEFINITELY tone your arms if that's what you are looking for. This is perfect for a woman trying to just tone their arms or for a person like me who can't lift anymore or a guy trying to maintain without going to the gym. Can't say enough good things about this product. I also have the ab belt, which is a great product as well (just make sure you eat right) A+


text:
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text:
Worth It?: Sleep Tracker Elite
Studies show more Americas are getting less sleep, which poses serious health risks. In order to monitor her own sleep patterns and habits, WSJ's Naureen Malik tested the new lightweight Sleep Tracker Elite from Innovative Sleep Solutions.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
I ... St's Sts ... the index ... dance ... St ... I never seem to get enough of that ... numerous studies on poles still more Americans are getting last week ... which poses serious health risks ... I know I am sleep deprived but I didn't realize how bad it was until I actually started tracking it ... with three tracker in The wristwatch ... there are two goals of this hacking ... to help me see how different behaviors effect or sleep quality and also weak yuan at the perfect moment in your sleep cycle ... without jarring view from deep sleep ... for instance ... after setting my alarm for seven and with a thirty minute when down ... the street Packer will bond to Werribee me awake when a scandal a sleeping moment in that wind down ... it was pretty well most of the time ... I placed its not the Mavis Bennack to tie ... it seemed to capture my almost awake moments pretty well ... there were many mornings when as I was buzzed away from a state of semi consciousness I literally five ... well this is a good time to leak out ... but after two ... days of little sleep ... I slept straight through the three Packers alarms ... the buzz and the switch to settle for me and I had to rely and two backup alarms ... meanwhile a managing partner of innovative sleep solutions ... the idea of sleep tracker says the watch can perform magic but making three hours he might be ... perhaps the best part of the last is that you can directly download it at your computer ... after collecting weeks and data showing the duration and quality of my sleep ... I got a clear picture of how little sleep I was getting ... it was a wake up call they needed to change my habits ... by downloading today there was to differ ... I had downloaded every day otherwise get erased this was particularly annoying while travelling with a lot because they had to dive down doesn't data points from banks ... to enter Magnoli ... Mr Laurie Lee said this requirement was intentional ... to force users to record the quality of their sleep Gary ... one sad downgraded the data and check the full list of eleven factors to indicate what may have adversely affected my street ... such as whether Harry Dannatt was bothered by temperature knowing ... why exercise late that night ... I can then type in additional comments ... the game is present in on time charged with taking marks indicating a weak moment ... as someone who likes to play and with and manipulate data ... I found the data presentation cumbersome ... can I is Riyadh more than one and today to take into account a power nap ... the company said the offering you free software and a few weeks which will solve most of my reservations ... so ... is it worth it ... Apple and seventy nine ... it's pretty pricey for a souped up alarm clock that has no snooze function ... and requires daily download onto a PC ... but if you're fast asleep the net and price is no object I'd say we should a software upgrade to give it a try ... but for me I will stick to earlier bad times and loud Beatle songs in the morning ... for The Wall Street Journal ... I'm Naureen Malik ... she ... day ...


text:
愉悦葶苈 yu yue ting li
Herbs perennial, 2-10 cm tall, densely cespitose, scapose. Caudex many branched, ultimate branches terminated in rosettes and covered with remains of previous years. Stems erect, simple, often densely pubescent with a mixture of simple and fewer, subsessile forked trichomes, rarely subglabrous. Basal leaves rosulate, persistent, sessile; leaf blade elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate, 3-10(-12) × 1.5-4 mm, thickish, sparsely pubescent with simple and rigid, stalked, forked trichomes, rarely with primarily, rigid stellate trichomes abaxially, often subglabrous adaxially except for margins, base cuneate, margin entire, often ciliate with simple trichomes, apex obtuse to acute. Cauline leaves absent. Racemes 2-7(-10)-flowered, ebracteate, elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels (2-)5-10(-14) mm, divaricate or divaricate-ascending, straight or rarely slightly curved, tomentose or pilose abaxially, glabrous adaxially. Sepals oblong, 3-4.5 × 1.2-1.8 mm, erect, abaxially glabrous or sparsely pilose with simple trichomes, base of lateral pair subsaccate, margin narrowly membranous. Petals yellow, obovate, 5-7(-8) × 2.5-3.5 mm, apex subemarginate or rounded; claw to 2 mm. Filaments (2-)3-4.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.6-1 mm. Ovules 8-16 per ovary. Fruit oblong to elliptic or suborbicular, 6-12 × 3-6 mm, latiseptate, slightly twisted or not; valves subhirsute with simple or forked trichomes, sometimes glabrous, not veined, base obtuse, apex subacute; style (1-)1.5-3.5 mm. Seeds brown, ovate, 1.2-1.5 × 0.7-1 mm. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep.
* Gravely or sandy areas, scree; 3400-4600 m. SE Xizang, NW Yunnan.
The above first record from Xizang is based on Rock 23083 (BM, E, GH, K, NY, US) and Forrest 19280 (E, P), both of which were collected from the vicinity of "Tsarung" (28(40'N, 98(15'E). However, the Forrest specimen at E is a mixed collection of Draba jucunda and D. involucrata.
Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org
Chinese Plant Names
Other Databases
Other Databases


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The thing I love about Arrested Development is that they never wait for you to get the joke. If you happened to have been distracted by rooting a SunChip from its crinkly bag (side note: WHY IS THAT BAG SO LOUD OH MY GOD) and you missed the lightning-fast gag that zipped by onscreen, well, too bad. In fact, the only way you could truly appreciate the layers of subtle humor that show creator Mitch Hurwitz packed into every scene is to watch each episode over and over with your finger hovering over the remote while simultaneously engaging in a heated verbal dissection with a bunch of AD superfans.
Or you could just check out this list of 15 hidden Arrested Development jokes you probably never knew about, thanks to the observant folks at Splitsider. I don't think anyone's had time to thoroughly dissect the new season yet, but based on the number of clever easter eggs hidden in past episodes, you might want to have that pause button handy while you're watching season 4.
Hurwitz has said that he was motivated to include blink-and-you'll-miss-them jokes in the show way before it had the sort of cult following that encourages repeat viewings:
I look back and think, 'I really thought people would freeze-frame this show they weren't even watching?' I wasn't really asking anyone to take it in, though. I just wanted there to be these little portents and omens, and a funnier joke on the cover of every book or whatever that we flashed onscreen.
You could probably list Arrested Development's hidden gags all day long and never have an entirely comprehensive list, but here are my top 15 favorites:
1. Whenever GOB rides up on his Segway, he always changes the subject of conversation for the characters he rides up to. Because his Segway causes segues.
2. In "Best Man for the GOB," one of the side effects of the drug Teamocil is a "total shutdown of the pituitary gland." Pituitary gland controls growth = Teamocil causes arrested development.
3. In "Key Decisions," the hospital's soda fountain flavors are listed as "Spew," "Squirm," "Clear," "Blue," "Stuff," "Cola," "Orange Soda," "Ice Tea," and "Rootbeer."
4. In "Afternoon Delight," there's a scene that cuts to GOB in mid-sentence: "... king sixty-three hundred dollar suit. Come on!" Later in the episode, there's a flashback to the first part of GOB's sentence, where he says, "No, Al. I want to spill booze all over my fu ..." Sneaky non-censored cussword!
5. In this scene from "Notapusy," George Michael's shirt weirdly matches the color of the "candy beans" he's eating.
6. It's a running joke in Arrested Development for the actors to be hidden in other roles. Check out Jason Bateman, Will Arnett, and Tony Hale in the episode "Amigos":
7. In "The One Where They Build a House," GOB and Michael fight with a fake rock and giant pair of scissors. The narrator says, "Unfortunately, the whole incident was covered by the paper."
8. In "Queen for a Day," Lucille 2's vertigo doctor is located at The Plumb Clinic. A plumb is a tool to make sure things are level.
9. After George Sr. gets a hot tub in "Burning Love," there's steam coming from the house in the next establishing shot of the model home.
10. In "Spring Breakout," Lucille is sent to a rehab place called "Shady Pines." Shady Pines is also the name of the character Sophia's former retirement home in Golden Girls, where Mitch Hurwitz was a writer.
11. In "Best Man for the GOB," Buster has a line that foreshadows him getting a hook for a hand: "We have unlimited juice? This party is going to be off the hook!"
12. "Fakin' It" has a flashback to a previous episode with the caption, "Several weeks earlier," which references Fox putting the show on hiatus so often that season.
13. In "Development Arrested," the then-series finale, when Michael asks George Michael how long he's had feelings for his cousin, he says, "53 weeks." Arrested Development had been on for 53 episodes.
14. Right before Buster goes swimming and gets his hand bitten off by a seal, he's shown sitting on a bench by the water. The bench reads Army Surplus Official Supply, but Buster's body blocks all of the letters except for "Arm" and "Off."
15. After Buster loses his left hand in "Hand to God," George Sr. is at a used car lot and there's an inflatable figure in the background ... with its left arm deflated.
Did you know about these Arrested Development jokes? Are you finding yourself trying to catch the hidden references in the new season?
Images via Fox


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Of particular interest to investigators is a series of deals outlined in recently released Iraqi Oil Ministry documents that show allocations of more than 72 million barrels of oil to … Patrick Maugein.Incidentally, the (unsurprizing) fact that the "U.S. attorney's office in New York and [the] Manhattan District Attorney" are going after American individuals and American oil companies puts the lie (if such were needed) to the French rumor that there is a conspiracy Stateside to whitewash the presence of American participants in the scandal while scapegoating the French.
Maugein, [a French] oil trader, is a longtime business associate of Rich and oil-trading firm Trafigura and has also been identified as a close friend of French President Jacques Chirac. A report in October by CIA weapons inspector Charles Duelfer said members of Saddam's regime "considered Maugein a conduit to Chirac."
But don't expect members of the French press or élite to issue retractions; after all, this rumor is typical of the deliberate rumorizing (always self-serving) that the French are poor, (relatively) innocent victims of the big bad Yankees. And… isn't there a school of psychology that states that what we see in others — and what we accuse others of — is often something that exists in ourselves…?


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A country with which takes pride on its local specialties and the most amazing and fresh seafood such as lobster prawn and crab. These gastronomic experiences would not be complete without experiencing the tropical Somali bananas, mangoes and papaya. With the tropical climate in the area that reaches the average of 47 Celsius, it is best to visit around the cooler months of June and August. This time of the year makes the visit to the wonderful beaches and the National Park such as the Kismayu National Park where you get to see rare East African species more comfortable and worthwhile.
Important and Interesting Facts about Somalia
- Somalia Is situated in the Horn of Africa on the easternmost edge of Africa with the Indian Ocean to the east, Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Yemen across the Gulf of Aden to the north and Kenya to the southwest.
- Somalia is a semiarid land in the Horn of Africa, and it is flat in the south, with mountains in the north reaching more than 2,000 meters (6,500 feet)
- Mogadishu is the capital of Somalia and its largest city. It is also known as Xamar.
- Somalia is a semi arid land that experiences a very hot climate as it is located close to the equator. The average temperature round the year is 20 to 40⁰C. Some parts in the north experience temperatures above 45⁰C.
- Agricultural products include cattle, goats, sheep, corn, sorghum, coconuts, sugarcane, mangoes, rice, sesame seeds and beans. They export livestock, hides, bananas, fish and charcoal.
- Somalia highest point: Shimbiris 2,416 m, lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m.
- Jubba-Shebelle River is the Longest River in Somalia
- About 2% of Somalia's land is arable.
- In area it is slightly smaller than Texas.
- Generally arid and barren, Somalia has two chief rivers, the Shebelle and the Juba.
Cool, Funny, and Fun Facts about Somalia
- This country is the first African nation that was used for flying warplanes by the British.
- Somalia is the only country in the world that does not possess a central form of government.
- Somalia is a Home to infamous pirates.
- The Egyptians referred to Somalia as the Land of Punt that was rendered famous for frankincense and myrrh.
- The Portuguese were the first European explorers to visit Somalia.
- The customary law of Somalia is known as Xeer, a polycentric legal system with no institution or legal agents to determine or interpret the laws.
- Somalia has one of the most advanced telecommunications system in Africa.
- Somalia is the only Islamic country in the world that boasts of a 100% concentration of Sunni Muslims.
- Somalia has the largest refugee camp in the world.
- Somalia is the only African nation that can boast of the cheapest cellular tariff rates with some companies charging less than a cent per minute.
Historical and Cultural Facts about Somalia
- Somalia comprises of 27 regions and was colonized by both Britain and France before it gained independence in July 1, 1960.
- British Somaliland gained independence from Britain on June 26, 1960 and Italian ▪Somaliland gained independence from Italy just a few days after that on July 1, 1960.
- Provisional Constitution for the Federal Republic of Somalia, approved by a constitutional assembly 1 August 2012
- The origin of the Somali people is not known. Nevertheless, historians opine that the Somali tribe originated in the south European highlands but gradually migrated to populate Horn of Africa at around B.C. 100.
- The majority of Somalis are Sunni Muslims and a smaller percentage follows the Shia Muslim denomination and Sufism.
- Somalia has a rich musical tradition that has evolved out of Somalian folklore.
- The cuisine of Somalia, albeit meat-centric and diverse, excludes Haram meat (prohibited meat), pork and alcohol in accordance with Islamic Law.
- People gather around a communal bowl or platter, and eat only with the right hand.
- Somali people are usually tall and slender. Men often wear a flowing plaid "ma'awiis" or kilt or pants.
- Visiting: A popular time to visit is late afternoon, when most work is finished.


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International motorcycle journalist and enthusiast Natasha Paz, or Moto Tasha as she's known to the world, is a badass. Starting out riding for relaxation on her weekends off from the army, her hobby has become an obsession.
Her 'motoculture' blog, where she shares stories from around the 🌍 about custom bikes, events, riders, and art, combines her passion for bikes and her desire to share this unique culture with people everywhere.
DSM: You seem to pop up, wherever bikes are found, all over the world! Where are you originally from Tash?
MT: I was born in Russia and lived there till I was 10 years old. I then moved to the Middle East with my mom and my older brother, but in the last 4 years I managed to live 3 other countries as well.
DSM: What was your first experience with the two-wheeled machines you love so much?
MT: I think I was around 6 y/o when I saw an old Soviet Ural and I was absolutely fascinated with that loud side-carred beauty.
"I was in the middle of a camping trip with my dad and his friends and they got very excited by the fact that the little girl is trying to poke around the engine as if it was a toy."
DSM: Have you ever come off?
MT: I had a few light crashes, mostly on my friend's dirt bikes. As I couldn't afford to get my own bike, I borrowed bikes from my friends every other weekend during my military service.
"Luckily, the worst crash for me was an easy slide that just ended up being a concussion."
DSM: Growing up in Israel, was riding bikes a common pastime for you and your friends?
MT: I actually started riding bikes only a couple of years ago on the weekends when I moved out of the city to more of a country-side, as a way to relax on the weekends that I was spending away from the base.
DSM: What's the motorcycle scene like over in Israel?
MT: The motorcycle scene here is developing. On one hand there are a lot of motorcycle enthusiasts and riding clubs, a couple of legal racing tracks and a lot of Moto GP viewers but on the other hand, there are ridiculously high bike insurance rates, lack of gear styles and variety and almost no large gatherings and bike-festivals that can really bring the riding community together.
DSM: Why do you love riding so much?
"The sense of complete independence that I get while riding, is like nothing else."
MT: Even if it is just for an hour. The fact that I do not have to look for parking is a huge bonus as well!
DSM: Your awesome instagram contains the words "No Excuses. No ego." Explain that mantra…
MT: It is a very simple way of thinking rather than a mantra. Instead of saying "I do not have time to work out" I'll inspect if it is a priority and if it is, I'll make time. So the excuse is completely irrelevant as it is only a matter of choice for me. The same when it comes to ego.
"When I'm wrong, saying that I'm not won't make a difference, as it won't help me to figure out how to make it right."
DSM: What advice would you give to other riders out there all over the world?


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I've just taken part in a Twitter chat on tobacco harm reduction with an Africa focus. The chat was organised by the Campaign for Safer Alternatives (@GoingSmokefree) with hashtag #SaferAlternatives. I thought it would be good to preserve it in one place and invite more comments and questions. You can access the tweets from here to comment, and please use the hashtag and tag me if you would like a response. Disagreement and debate welcome! Trolls, not so much.
I've grouped the Twitter discussion into thirteen themes that came up…
- What is the cause of harm?
- The role of nicotine in sustaining smoking and quitting
- What is the concept of tobacco harm reduction?
- Does it work and where does fit with the FCTC?
- What about all the controversy and anger?
- What effect does anti-vaping activism have?
- What policies would help in Africa?
- What about countries that ban e-cigarettes?
- What is the impact of vaping on youth?
- Do people have a reasonable understanding of risk?
- What about the tobacco industry?
- And tobacco farming?
- Will this bring on the 'endgame' for smoking?
1. What is the cause of harm?
With the pleasantries out of the way we get down to discussing the essence of tobacco harm reduction
And a discussion about whether nicotine itself is harmful…
And a couple of good pushbacks on this one – thanks for putting me straight!
And a thread from Carl V Phillips on the question of causing or promoting tumour growth.
- See: Benowitz & Fraiman, Cardiovascular risks of e-cigarettes, 2017
- See: Jaques LeHouezec, The positive effects of nicotine
2. The role of nicotine in sustaining smoking and in quitting
Nicotine is the main reason people smoke, but it is also part of the means of stopping smoking. With NRT we use nicotine to help people quit… vaping takes that several stages further.
See more: views from smoking cessation specialist Louise Ross on quitting smoking with e-cigarettes
3. What is the concept of tobacco harm reduction?
Changing the nature of a behaviour to reduce, though not necessarily eliminate, the harm that arises from continuing with the behaviour.
See more: Vaping and tobacco harm reduction really are quite simple
4. Does it work and where does fit with the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control?
Yes, very much part of the FCTC and already having significant impacts around the world.
Though tobacco harm reduction is mentioned explicitly and should be part of the FCTC implementation, the WHO and FCTC convention secretariat have often been hostile to the concept. We have responded with an evidence based case:
- Over 70 experts call on WHO to embrace technology innovation in the fight against diseases caused by smoking
- Letter to WHO's DG against prohibition and for risk-proportionate regulation
- WHO's anti-vaping scientific castle of cards toppled
5. What about all the controversy and anger?
Tobacco harm reduction does seem to cause a lot of division and rancour, but it shouldn't – it's a perfectly reasonable public health strategy.
More information:
- Ten perverse intellectual contortions: a guide to the sophistry of anti-vaping activists
- Memo to public health: vaping, vapers and you
- Anti-vaping activists pitch unscientific fringe positions to a national newspaper
- Anti-vaping zealots write flat earth letter the The Times
- The worst letter of 2014
6. What effect does anti-vaping activism have?
7. What policies would help in Africa?
I think the basic MPOWER ideas that are embodies in the FCTC are the right approach, but with the addition of tobacco harm reduction to widen the range of response options. We need to encourage people to quit smoking, above all – and use any method that works for them.
8. What about countries that ban e-cigarettes?
Obviously insane and terrible policy-making.
See my various letters to the Hong Kong administration on vaping prohibition: Letter March 2019 this follows submissions in August 2018, June 2018 and June 2015. Also, see sustained criticism of the absurd situation in Australia: Challenging the prohibitionists.
9. What is the impact of vaping on youth?
Further reading:
- The great American vaping epidemic. Really?
- Youth vaping and the dangers of over-reaction – a letter to the FDA
10. Do people have a reasonable understanding of risk?
11. What about the tobacco industry?
For further views on the tobacco industry, I have a few posts:
- Pariahs, predators or players? The tobacco industry and the end of smoking
- Tobacco control and the tobacco industry – a failure of understanding and imagination
- Big Tobacco's little helpers
- Who or what is the WHO at war with?
- Foundation for a Smoke-Free World – the mob behaviour of tobacco control
12. On tobacco farming
I did visit some tobacco farms in in Zimbabwe while living in that beautiful country between 2014 and 2018. It was fascinating to see how it worked. Yields varied from 400kg/ha to 4000 kg/ha and price from $1/kg to $6kg. There's a lot of gain to be made within those ranges.
PS. they don't usually have starving children – unless there is a disaster or war etc.
13. Will this bring on the 'endgame' for smoking?
Is this an extension of the tobacco market or a fundamental shift in technology? I believe it is fundamental.
See my endgame posts here:


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Data Center Definitions
This glossary explains the meaning of key words and phrases that information technology (IT) and business professionals use when discussing data centers and related software products. You can find additional definitions by visiting WhatIs.com or using the search box below.
The HP 9000 is a line of UNIX-based business servers from Hewlett-Packard (HP) with server models that span enterprise applications from the "entry-level" (branch or department-level computers, Web hosting servers, and so forth) through the midrange with needs for handling advanced enterprise resource planning (ERP) and analytical customer resource management (CRM) up to its high-end servers for very computing-intensive applications.
HP-UX is the UNIX-based operating system for the HP 9000 series of business servers from Hewlett-Packard.
HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning)
HVAC stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.
hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) clean agent
Data centers and telecom rooms use hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) clean agent systems for fire protection to avoid damaging electrical and electronic equipment.
IBM Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL)
The Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL) is a specialty engine processor on IBM System z mainframe servers that is dedicated to Linux workloads. Operational efforts, software costs, energy use and hardware footprint are reduced when Linux is deployed on IFL rather than general-purpose processors.
IBM Roadrunner
Roadrunner is the fastest supercomputer in the world, twice as fast as Blue Gene and six times as fast as any of the other current supercomputers. IBM developed Roadrunner for the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. (Continued...)
IBM System z Application Assist Processor (zAAP)
The IBM System z Application Assist Processor (zAAP) is a specialty engine that provides a performance environment for Web-based apps and service-oriented architecture-based technologies, e.g. XML and Java.
IBM System z Integrated Information Processor (zIIP)
IBM's System z Integrated Information Processor (zIIP) is a specialty offload engine that helps improve computing performance for a subset of mainframe workloads.
IMS (Information Management System)
IMS (Information Management System) is a database and transaction management system that was first introduced by IBM in 1968. Since then, IMS has gone through many changes in adapting to new programming tools and environments.
In service level agreements (SLAs) and other legal contracts such as end-user license agreements (EULAs), indemnification is the part of an agreement that provides for one party to bear the monetary costs, either directly or by reimbursement, for losses incurred by a second party.
information technology (IT)
Information technology (IT) is the use of any computers, storage, networking and other physical devices, infrastructure and processes to create, process, store, secure and exchange all forms of electronic data.
infrastructure (IT infrastructure)
Infrastructure is the foundation or framework that supports a system or organization.
intelligent power management (IPM)
Intelligent Power Management (IPM) is a combination of hardware and software that optimizes the distribution and use of electrical power in computer systems and data centers. While the installation of IPM involves up-front cost and ongoing maintenance, the technology can save money in the long term as a result of reduced electric bills, reduced downtime and prolonged hardware life... (Continued)
ISAM (Indexed Sequential Access Method)
ISAM (Indexed Sequential Access Method) is a file management system developed at IBM that allows records to be accessed either sequentially (in the order they were entered) or randomly (with an index).
ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies.


text: Visitor & Convention Bureau Page Content Tamara Pigott, Director Performance Dashboard FY 2017-18 VCB Expenditure Report Visit the Lee County Visitor & Convention Bureau's website at http://www.fortmyers-sanibel.com/. Visit the Lee County Visitor & Convention Bureau's website for industry partners at http://www.leevcb.com/. Contact Dept ContactsPhone: 239-338-3500Toll-free: 800-237-6444Fax: 239-334-11062201 Second St., Suite 600Fort Myers, FL 33901View mapGeneral Inquiries Email:email@example.com Us On Social Media News There are currentlyno featured news items. Click "MORE" for thenews list. More ›› Events There are currentlyno featured event items. Click "MORE" for theevents list. More ›› Yes Yes


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Friendly Enemies
Overview page. Subjects: Theatre.
a comedy drama by Samuel Shipman and Aaron Hoffman. [Hudson Theatre, 440 perf.] Henry Block (Sam Bernard) and Karl Pfeifer (Louis Mann) are German‐born Americans who have...
in Britain, Switzerland, and the Second World War
May 2003; p ublished online January 2010 .
Chapter. Subjects: Modern History (1700 to 1945). 6371 words.
This concluding chapter evaluates the relative success of British policy towards Switzerland between 1939 and 1945. It explains how British policy-makers justified their benevolent attitude...
Go to » abstract
Ireland's religious response
in The Crimean War and Irish Society
June 2016; p ublished online January 2019 .
Chapter. Subjects: Modern History (1700 to 1945). 12779 words.
This chapter will highlight how the various Christian denominations in Ireland reacted to the Crimean War, and how, unlike the Indian Mutiny and Boer War, it stimulated a substantial,...
Churchill and the Labour Movement
in Churchill
February 1996; p ublished online October 2011 .
Chapter. Subjects: Modern History (1700 to 1945). 7089 words.
Winston Churchill's long career in politics coincided almost precisely with the first sixty-five years of the existence of the Labour Party. His supposed role in the Tonypandy riots in...
Go to » abstract
Bosnian statehood and Partisan diversity
in The Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War
February 2014; p ublished online May 2014 .
Chapter. Subjects: Modern History (1700 to 1945). 25508 words.
The year 1944 represented, in a sense, the high-point of the autonomous Bosnian Partisan movement, before the Soviet liberation of Serbia, the Supreme Staff's triumphal entry into Belgrade,...
Go to » abstract


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Items advertised here are from private sellers only.
These sellers are Members of P&DMGEC. P&DMGEC asks advertisers to keep their descriptions honest and fair to potential buyers. P&DMGEC Club cannot accept responsibility for the descriptions placed by advertisers. All Contacts and negotiations are to be between the Buyers and sellers only.
MGA 1600 MKII – Parts for Sale
• 3 Piece Stainless Steel Exhaust (New) £100
All sensible offers considered!


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PreScripts® Cursive Sentences: American History
Improve penmanship and reinforce American history lessons at the same time! Cycle 3
Cycle 3 now updated to match Foundations Fifth Edition!
Make reviewing American history and practicing cursive writing something your students look forward to with this interactive workbook.
- 11 x 8.5 softcover, spiral bound, consumable
- 145 pages
- © 2013
What families are saying:
"I like that PreScripts Cursive Sentences and Artwork is spiral bound along the top so it accommodates left handed and right handed students. And the fact that it is very easy for the student to work independently is nice. The instructions are clear and concise and the lesson fair quick." —Tawnee, Adventuresinhomeschooling.com
Frequently asked questions available here.
Additional supporting documents available here.


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About Us
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2BAD4U Productions represents feature films and television pilots for North American distribution.
Getting your independent film shot and edited is hard enough. Sometimes you need help getting your finished film in the hands of the right distributor. That's where 2BAD4U Productions comes in. Let us handle the sale of your film or television pilot.
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Chang's Cafe
(713) 271-8581 | 9645 Fondren Rd, Houston, TX 77096
Chinese Delivery in Houston
Order Online
Chang's Cafe
Welcome to Chang`s Café. Our vegetarian and seafood specialties make us a favorite for Chinese delivery in Houston. Enjoy delicious sweet and savory dishes delivered to your door at a reasonable price. Leave the cooking to us and enjoy a delicious meal filled with colorful vegetables and a blend of flavors. Choose from crispy jumbo shrimp with broccoli, in a light in garlic sauce, chicken, beef, shrimp, Mandarin Style or seafood delight for your dinner. Order online. Delivery hours are Monday – Thursday, 11am – 9:15pm, Friday & Saturday, 11am – 9:45pm and Sunday, 4pm - 9pm.
Restaurant Takeout
Houston Food Delivery
Chinese Delivery
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Food Delivery


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Pinterest Announces Business Pages. Take these 7 quick and easy steps to convert your profile.
Pinterest just released business pages. Like many others you may have already created a Pinterest account for your company using the individual profiles. No worries! The good news is if you already have an account you can simply convert the existing account without losing any of your info, followers, boards or pins.
So, how do you convert your profile into a business page and what are the benefits of doing so?
Here are a few immediate benefits from converting your account:
1. The new Business accounts allow you to sign up under your business name rather than first name/last name
2. They allow you to verify your account for better search and a clickable URL
3. They offer some free buttons and badges to help build your audience
4. And, having a business account gives you access to upcoming features for businesses only. Pinterest isn't saying what these might be yet, but it could include advertising and/or better ways of reaching your audience.
Below are step by step instructions on how to convert your existing Pinterest account into a business account.
1. Visit http://business.pinterest.com/
2. Click on "Convert your existing Account"
3. Enter your information including business type, contact name for the page and email address.
4. Read through the Agreement and check off "Accept Terms." You'll notice the terms and conditions are slightly tweaked from the personal profiles agreement.
5. Click "Convert Account."
6. Next Pinterest provides you with several steps to help get started with your business account. Step one is to verify your website. You can do this one of two ways…
You can verify your website by uploading the verification file to your server or you can verify it by adding a bit of code into the <head> of your index.html file. If you don't know how to do this on your own you may need to ask your webmaster.
You will want to make sure and verify your website so that Pinterest creates a clickable link to your site on your Pinterest page. Your URL will also show up in search results.
7. You are done! It's that easy. Below is a preview of how your Pinterest business profile header will look once verified.
Last but not least make sure to check out the business resources Pinterest offers and visit their blog for the most up to date information. Here you can find guides, case studies and more.
What do you think of the new business accounts? Will you be converting your profile?
Joan Woodbrey Crocker
Check out Our Biz Account!


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Tree believes in the magic of visibility and vulnerability in each moment of her life.
Everyone has a story to tell and she is ready to explore them all. A poet, writer and artist who loves to travel, Tree's heart is in the Pacific Northwest where she loves to spend time wandering in the rain forest and walking on the beach.
Tree Langdon is a Canadian writer and artist. Her short stories, poetry and sketches are inspired by her dreams for the world and by her passion for shining a light on things that concern everyone.
Selected works have been published in the anthology Breathing Words and she is a contributing member of the international online weekly Poem Kubili. Tree has also been published with Rebelle Society.
She has studied Creative Writing and Forensic Anthropology in college. Curious about everything, she is always learning something new.