text:
Guidelines for DNA FCM Analysis of Fresh and/or Frozen Tumor Tissue, and the Interpretation of DNA Histograms
Evaluation of the DNA Histogram
Ploidy status
Definition of ploidy status (Hiddemann et al.: Cytometry 5, 445-446, 1984), one peak = diploid (irrespective of DI). Nota bene! In cases of diploidy the presence of cancer cells on the imprint should be verified.
Reanalysis of new tissue material
If no new tissue material is available, the results from the first analysis (according to steps 1-4 above) are considered impossible to interpret. If after reanalysis the CV is still high or the distribution of the G0/G1 peak is still skewed, the sample is considered to be diploid (though a note should be made of the shape of the peak). If the new sample is also cell-poor, or a small equivocal peak is still present, the histogram is deemed impossible to interpret.
Calculation of DI
Alternative I
Alternative II
Alternative III
S-Phase Fraction ñ SPF
SPF should be calculated in the following situations.
At present no particular S-phase estimation method can be recommended, although the following two principles are available.
Extended basic rules for optimized DNA FCM with emphasis on automatic interpretation using ModFitLT™.
This continuation from "Guidelines for DNA FCM analysis of fresh and/or frozen tumor tissue and the interpretation of DNA histograms" is the result from experiments and discussions created by Dr. Bruce Bagwell (President of Verity Software House Inc, http://www.vsh.com) and Dr. Bo Baldetorp (Chaiman of the Nordic DNA User's Group, email@example.com).
Part 1
I. Acquisition Rules
A. Parameter
The DNA fluorescence parameter should be either a linear integral or area type of the fluorescence intensity pulse signal. It is important to maintain a consistent gain setting. See further under point 1.F
B. Linearity
The linearity of the DNA fluorescence amplifier should be tested. (Plastic beads should be used for testing the linearity of the instrument. Testing the stoichiometry, i. e. the linearity of the staining, liver cells (DNA content: 2C, 4C and 8C) are preferable). Non-linear amplifiers should not be used for DNA analysis.
C. Discriminator
Events should be discriminated on the DNA fluorescence parameter only (e.g. red fluorescence for Propidium Iodide).
The discriminator level should be as low as possible without creating a debris peak that is greater than the highest G0G1 peak.
D. Gating
Gating should not be performed during acquisition. Gating is only recommended for multiparameter DNA histograms such as cytokeratin vs DNA or BrdUrd vs DNA. Gating on light scatter is not recommended due to the heterogeneity of the distribution. Signal processing gating, signal peak height vs signal peak area, to eliminate aggregates is only recommended if the aggregates are clearly and completely separated from singlet particles which is usually only true for experimental tissue culture cell lines.
E. Number of Events and Resolution
Simulation studies indicate that for accurate S-Phase estimates, there should be an average of approximately 100 events per channel between the lowest G1 and highest G2 of the histogram when the resolution is 256 channels. If a histogram has its diploid G0G1 on channel 50 and the last G2 of an aneuploid population is at 200, there should be at least 15,000 events between channels 50 and 200. If the desired resolution is 1024 channels all requirements should be increased by the factor 4.
F. Location of diploid G0G1
The position of the diploid G0G1 peak should be always placed in about the same channel. For 256 channel histograms the recommended location is channel 50. For 1024 channel histograms (not normally recommended), the location is channel 200. Thus, in most cases there will be sufficient numbers of channels, both leftmost and rightmost, containing signals from only debris and aggregates making it possible for ModFitLT to make a realistic fit of the total background.
G. Changing Gains
1. Normally change the gain to center the DNA diploid peak on a particular channel (e.g. 50 in a 250 channels histogram).
2. When a hyper-tetraploid population is observed during acquisition, it is desirable to reduce the gain so that its G2M and some channels consisting of only background are visible in the uppermost channels.
3. Note, after adjusting gain, acquisition must be restarted. Gain should be reset to the normal location when running the next sample.
II. Analysis Rules for ModFitLT 3.0 and upgrades
A. Run the whole batch of histograms in automode after you have set up the appropriate prerequisites for ModFitLT.
B. Reviewing the batch of reports and reanalyze, including the AutoLinearity function enabled, after adjustments according to below.
A: Model Selection Check
The most important step in analyzing DNA histograms in a consistent manner is checking the correct ploidy model for a particular DNA histogram. In some cases this process may require several analyses to achieve the correct and optimal fit, i.e. the RCS value should be as low as possible (< 3.0). Use the rules below to help guide you through this process.
1. General Considerations
a) If two model components are of similar shape and are highly overlapped (>75%) it may be necessary to add additional constraints to the model or, in the worse case, disable the model component of lesser importance.
b) If a G2M peak is clearly visible and well-defined, allow its mean to be fitted (float).
(1) If a floating G2M yields a G2/G1 ratio that is outside the expected linearity range (e.g. 1.2-1.8, or > 2.0), make the G2's mean and standardard deviation dependent on G1 by the appropriate linearity factor (e.g. 1.95). We recommend the G2-peaks to be dependent!!!!!!
c) Always model S-Phase as a single, broadened rectangle.
d) After the appropriate model is selected, optimize the linearity settings in the cell-cycle analysis software to the data. In most situations the linearity factor is always the same, but may differ between laboratories.
e) Try to standardize the configuration, peak finder and autoanalysis settings optimal for your histograms. Thus, each laboratory will have its own settings which may differ slightly between different laboratories.
f) When choosing between two very similar models, select the one that gives consistent results with slightly different range settings.
An example of this rule might be when trying to use an aneuploid model with a near-tetraploid type of histogram. If the aneuploid model only works with very specific range settings, choose the tetraploid model instead.
2. Tetraploid Model Selection
a) Only select a tetraploid model if the DI is close to the expected tetraploid G0G1 and to the diploid G2/G0G1 ratio (should correspond to the linearity factor). Furthermore, there should be a peak that appears larger than an underlying diploid G2M population at 4C and a corresponding peak at (8C) that not only constitutes of aggregates.
If there is a peak at 6C that is larger than the peak at 8C, then there is a significant chance that the 8C peak is an aggregate.
If the diploid G2M after aggregate correction is equal to or greater than 15% of the estimated events of the diploid cell population and the number of events of the 8C peak > 6C peak, choose the tetraploid model.
If G2/M > 15% as above, and 8C < 6C, then choose the diploid model.
b) Choose a tetraploid model over an aneuploid model if the diploid G2M cannot be modeled properly because it overlaps too significantly with an aneuploid G0G1.
If there is doubt on whether to use a tetraploid or aneuploid model, try using the aneuploid model first and choose the tetraploid model if the diploid G2M is poorly estimated.
The most common manifestations of poorly modeled diploid G2M peaks are either under-estimation (zero SPF) or over-estimation (>15%).
3. Aneuploid Model Selection
a) Only choose this model if the potential aneuploid's G0G1 cannot be explained as an aggregate or some other part of another cycle (e.g. G2M).
4. Near-diploid Model Selection
a) Choose the near-diploid model (DI<1.3) (also hypo-diploidy) if the two G0G1 peaks can be clearly distinguished, a bimodality is evident, and the resulting fit seems appropriate.
b) For very near-diploids, it may be necessary to force the standard deviations of the two G0G1 model components to be equal to yield an appropriate fit.
5. Hypo-diploid Model Selection
a) Only select when there are standards or normal controls that fix the expected diploid G0G1 position.
b) If the hypodiploid G0G1 overlaps one of the standards, disable the standard model component and re-model (see Rule A1a).
6. Skewed G0/G1 Peaks
Skewness may reflect a close near-diploidy, not visible as a bimodal pattern, where one of the two peaks contains a higher number of events than the other. To get an optimal fit, the near-diploid model should be selected and if necessary force the standard deviations of the two applied G0G1 peaks to be equal.
B. Range Positions Check
The most common reason for uncorrelated results between two fits using the same model is inattention to range positions. Do not change a range setting unless it is absolutely necessary to do so.
7. Debris Range
a) The debris range should cover the whole histogram. The beginning of the debris range should correspond to the channel with the highest debris counts (see Figure 1, Range: Debris for an examples of correct and incorrect placements).
8. Peak Ranges
a) Center range about the peak and make sure estimates appropriately fit the data (see Figure 1, Range: Peak G0G1 and Range: Peak G2M examples of correct and incorrect placements).
b) Exceptions to centering the range are for near-diploid and near-tetraploid G0G1 peaks. These ranges need to be displaced to yield reasonable estimates for the underlying peaks.
c) In case of skewed peak where the near-diploid model is selected, the peak range of the first G0G1 peak should cover the left flank and the second G0G1 peak range should cover the right flank respectively.
III. Figures
Figure 1
Part 2
Evaluation of flowcytometric DNA analysis data from formalin fixed-and-paraffin embedded tissue:
The same general principles as for fresh/frozen tissue samples should be followed for DNA ploidy and S-phase estimation, as described in The Guidelines (http://www.sfff.se/dnaguidelines.html)
All laboratories have to determine their own settings or prerequisites for ModFitLT to work optimally. This is valid for all starting materials and applications.
Features one has to consider of formalin fixed and paraffin embedded cell and tissue materials: 1.) DNA may be partly degraded, 2.) The staining uptake by DNA may be less compared to in fresh and frozen tissue, 3.) A higher variation in staining intensity may be expected within a certain DNA stemline, thus generating a higher CV, 4.) Stoichiometry may not be the same as for fresh/frozen samples.
Usage of external standards in conjunction to the test sample is not recommended.
If the CV of the diploid G0/G1-peak exceeds 8% or the peak is with evidence skewed, the sample should be re-analyzed. If either the high CV or the skewness persists the analysis may not be interpretable regarding DNA ploidy status. In case of skewness caused by peaks having low CV's a total S-phase may be considered.
(All DNA histograms below, processed by ModFit LT 3.1, are illustrative for different DNA content distributions. The DNA histograms are available as FCS files and may be downloaded for examination with the ModFitLT or other FCS interpretation softwares as well, installed in your computer).
Directions on how to use ModFitLT™ on DNA histograms from formalin fixed-and-paraffin embedded tissue:
Fitting of Internal Standards should always be switched off.
AutoDebris function should always be switched on (use the single-cut mode).
Disable the AutoAggregate function for diploid and/or near-diploid cases (DI< 1.3). In all other cases this function should be active. (We are not able to define hypo-diploidy in formalin and paraffin embedded samples).
Analyze the histogram or the batch of selected histograms. Review the reports and do the necessary adjustments before a second analysis.
Finally, reanalyze the modeled histogram with the Auto Linearity function enabled!!!
A typical DNA diploid histogram.
Diploid DNA histogram: The G2-peak at 4C<15% of the estimated events of the diploid cell population, and 6C>8C.
File: 001.fcs
In Modfit LT, choose the diploid model with Auto Aggregates mode switched off:
File analyzed: 001.fcs
Date analyzed: 29-Jan-2006
Model: 1Dn0n_DSD
Analysis type: Manual analysis
Diploid: 100.00 %
Dip G1: 83.73 % at 47.87
Dip G2: 9.97 % at 95.73
Dip S: 6.30 % G2/G1: 2.00
Total S-Phase: 6.30 %
Total B.A.D.: 8.27 % no aggs
Debris: 30.97 %
Aggregates: 0.00 %
Modeled events: 16016
All cycle events: 11056
Cycle events per channel: 226
Since the Auto Aggregate function is disabled, no fitting of the aggregates will occur, thus the estimated curve fitting will deviate more from the raw data and the RCS will thus become higher than if the modeled component of aggregates is considered in the total model. However, the S-phase fit seems to be of reasonable significance.
Next histogram, diploid or…….?
This histogram (from an analysis of fresh-frozen breast cancer biopsy including chicken and trout nuclei as internal control) illustrates a pattern where 4C > 20% of all events in the diploid cell population, and 6C > 8C. One reasonable explanation for this pattern may be in this case that the patient received neoadjuvant treatment (chemotherapy) before surgery, resulting in a G2-block in the cell cycle. The histogram is deemed to represent a diploid pattern:
File: 002.ASC
File analyzed: 002.ASC
Date analyzed: 29-Jan-2006
Model: 1Dn2n_DSD
Analysis type: Manual analysis
Diploid: 100.00 %
Dip G1: 72.99 % at 49.98
Dip G2: 23.72 % at 98.96
Dip S: 3.28 % G2/G1: 1.98
Total S-Phase: 3.28 %
Total B.A.D.: 8.13 % no aggs
Stnd 1: 6.56 % at 18.90 DI: 0.38
Dip G1 Ratio: 2.64 %CV: 3.04
Stnd 2: 6.61 % at 40.91 DI: 0.82
Dip G1 Ratio: 1.22 %CV: 1.79
Debris: 27.34 %
Aggregates: 0.00 %
Modeled events: 17163
All cycle events: 10829
Cycle events per channel: 217
When is a sample judged DNA tetraploid?
Below are two different DNA histograms where the peak at 8C > 6C:
In case #1, the peak at 4C > 20% of the estimated events of the DNA diploid cell population when processed with the diploid model. Because of the high CV's of all peaks, the tetraploid model is recommended even if the DI-value (DI=2.08) of the non-diploid cellpopulation may be out of the tetraploid DI-range.
In case #2, the 4C peak < 10% when estimated with the diploid model. The CV's of all peaks are relative low and thus the Aneuploid model is recommended.
Despite the small tetraploid population in both cases and the estimated high fractions of S phase events, the calculated S%- values seem to be significant because of the considerable high G2 fractions.
Case #1:
File analyzed: 003.fcs
Date analyzed: 29-Jan-2006
Model: 2DA0n_DSn_TSD
Analysis type: Manual analysis
Diploid: 68.68 %
Dip G1: 92.00 % at 47.80
Dip G2: 8.00 % at 100.10
Dip S: 0.00 % G2/G1: 2.09
Tetraploid: 31.32 %
An1 G1: 53.83 % at 100.10
An1 G2: 15.44 % at 200.21
An1 S: 30.73 % G2/G1: 2.00
Total Aneuploid S-Phase: 30.73 %
Total S-Phase: 9.63 %
Total B.A.D.: 26.71 %
Debris: 37.21 %
Aggregates: 5.65 %
Modeled events: 19354
All cycle events: 11060
Cycle events per channel: 72
Case #2:
File analyzed: 004.fcs
Date analyzed: 16-Mar-2006
Model: 2DA0n_DSD_ASD
Analysis type: Manual analysis
Diploid: 85.24 %
Dip G1: 98.18 % at 49.01
Dip G2: 0.00 % at 94.11
Dip S: 1.82 % G2/G1: 1.92
Aneuploid 1: 14.76 %
An1 G1: 48.21 % at 101.80
An1 G2: 26.69 % at 195.46
An1 S: 25.09 % G2/G1: 1.92
Total Aneuploid S-Phase: 25.09 %
Total S-Phase: 5.25 %
Total B.A.D.: 25.30 %
Debris: 43.28 %
Aggregates: 4.92 %
Modeled events: 18623
All cycle events: 9646
Cycle events per channel: 65
S-PHASE estimations being illustrated in histograms from DNA FCM on fresh-frozen or formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tumor tissue samples.
In case of near-diploidy (DI< 1.3), the total S-phase should be considered, regardless of the size of the individual G0/G1-peaks.
File analyzed: 005.fcs
Date analyzed: 7-Feb-2005
Model: 2Dn0n_DSD_ASD
Analysis type: Manual analysis
Diploid: 50.76 %
Dip G1: 98.64 % at 49.38
Dip G2: 1.36 % at 97.77
Dip S: 0.00 % G2/G1: 1.98
Aneuploid 1: 49.24 %
An1 G1: 66.62 % at 59.02
An1 G2: 7.13 % at 116.85
An1 S: 26.25 % G2/G1: 1.98
Total Aneuploid S-Phase: 26.25 %
Total S-Phase: 12.92 %
Total B.A.D.: 9.24 % no aggs
Debris: 28.56 %
Aggregates: 0.00 %
Modeled events: 19350
All cycle events: 13823
Cycle events per channel: 202
A non-diploid cellpopulation should contain at least 15% of the estimated events in the region from the first G0/G1 peak up to the uppermost G2 (debris and aggregates subtracted). If the CV:s are low ~ 3 %, and the RCS < 3.0%, the S-phase may be reported for even smaller non-diploid populations, ~ 10% of the estimated events.
Case #1
File analyzed: 006.fcs
Date analyzed: 7-Feb-2005
Model: 2DA0n_DSD_ASD
Analysis type: Manual analysis
Diploid: 82.08 %
Dip G1: 98.90 % at 50.83
Dip G2: 0.00 % at 100.65
Dip S: 1.10 % G2/G1: 1.98
Aneuploid 1: 17.92 %
An1 G1: 69.55 % at 73.89
An1 G2: 9.93 % at 146.30
An1 S: 20.51 % G2/G1: 1.98
Total Aneuploid S-Phase: 20.51 %
Total S-Phase: 4.58 %
Total B.A.D.: 14.48 %
Debris: 29.05 %
Aggregates: 5.55 %
Modeled events: 19372
All cycle events: 12670
Cycle events per channel: 131
Case #2 (fresh/frozen sample including standard cells (chicken and trout red blood cells))
File analyzed: 007.fcs
Date analyzed: 5-Feb-2006
Model: 3DA2n_DnD_HSD_ASD
Analysis type: Manual analysis
Diploid: 3.14 %
Dip G1: 99.76 % at 47.88
Dip G2: 0.24 % at 94.80
Dip S: 0.00 % G2/G1: 1.98
Hypo-diploid: 80.54 %
An1 G1: 95.71 % at 45.11
An1 G2: 2.18 % at 89.32
An1 S: 2.11 % G2/G1: 1.98
Aneuploid 2: 16.32 %
An2 G1: 91.27 % at 71.18
An2 G2: 0.96 % at 140.93
An2 S: 7.77 % G2/G1: 1.98
Total Aneuploid S-Phase: 3.06 %
Total S-Phase: 2.97 %
Total B.A.D.: 3.23 %
Stnd 1: 2.96 % at 17.21 DI: 0.36
Dip G1 Ratio: 2.78 %CV: 2.98
Stnd 2: 2.59 % at 38.09 DI: 0.80
Dip G1 Ratio: 1.26 %CV: 1.56
Debris: 6.59 %
Aggregates: 0.33 %
Modeled events: 19692
All cycle events: 17309
Cycle events per channel: 184
In this particular case of multiploidy the S-phase of the subpopulation with the highest DI should be reported even though it doesn't contain the greatest number of events among the non-diploid subpopulations.
Case #3 (fresh/frozen sample including standard cells)
File analyzed: 008.fcs
Date analyzed: 14-Aug-2005
Model: 2DA2n_DSD_ASD
Analysis type: Automatic analysis
Diploid: 87.85 %
Dip G1: 98.61 % at 45.63
Dip G2: 0.64 % at 89.44
Dip S: 0.75 % G2/G1: 1.96
Aneuploid 1: 12.15 %
An1 G1: 70.97 % at 70.01
An1 G2: 11.92 % at 137.23
An1 S: 17.11 % G2/G1: 1.96
Total Aneuploid S-Phase: 17.11 %
Total S-Phase: 2.74 %
Total B.A.D.: 6.68 %
Stnd 1: 5.55 % at 16.70 DI: 0.37
Dip G1 Ratio: 2.73 %CV: 3.30
Stnd 2: 1.61 % at 36.82 DI: 0.81
Dip G1 Ratio: 1.24 %CV: 2.44
Debris: 21.49 %
Aggregates: 2.61 %
Modeled events: 19673
All cycle events: 13824
Cycle events per channel: 149
In case of multiploidy (see below) and if the aneuploid G0G1 peaks having close DI-values, the Total Aneuploid S-phase should be considered:
File analyzed: 009.ASC (fresh/frozen sample)
Date analyzed: 30-Jan-2006
Model: 3DA2n_DSD_ASD_ASD
Analysis type: Manual analysis
Diploid: 43.16 %
Dip G1: 89.55 % at 49.64
Dip G2: 0.00 % at 94.80
Dip S: 10.45 % G2/G1: 1.91
Aneuploid 1: 16.02 %
An1 G1: 87.46 % at 69.22
An1 G2: 12.54 % at 132.20
An1 S: 0.00 % G2/G1: 1.91
Aneuploid 2: 40.82 %
An2 G1: 58.99 % at 74.92
An2 G2: 16.42 % at 143.09
An2 S: 24.59 % G2/G1: 1.91
Total Aneuploid S-Phase: 17.66 %
Total S-Phase: 14.55 %
Total B.A.D.: 12.67 %
Stnd 1: 6.20 % at 18.36 DI: 0.37
Dip G1 Ratio: 2.70 %CV: 2.84
Stnd 2: 7.20 % at 39.93 DI: 0.80
Dip G1 Ratio: 1.24 %CV: 1.85
Debris: 23.27 %
Aggregates: 4.93 %
Modeled events: 18423
All cycle events: 11334
Cycle events per channel: 120
The next case of multiploidy has two aneuploid cellpopulations very close to the diploid population (the diploid G0/G1 peak appears as a left shoulder). The Total S-phase is reported.
File analyzed: 010.fcs (fresh/frozen)
Date analyzed: 22-Jun-2004
Model: 3DA2n_DnD_ASD_ASD
Analysis type: Manual analysis
Diploid: 20.49 %
Dip G1: 94.02 % at 47.61
Dip G2: 5.98 % at 93.79
Dip S: 0.00 % G2/G1: 1.97
Aneuploid 1: 74.47 %
An1 G1: 96.28 % at 50.09
An1 G2: 3.67 % at 98.67
An1 S: 0.05 % G2/G1: 1.97
Aneuploid 2: 5.04 %
An2 G1: 66.95 % at 56.69
An2 G2: 6.24 % at 111.68
An2 S: 26.81 % G2/G1: 1.97
Total Aneuploid S-Phase: 1.74 %
Total S-Phase: 1.39 %
Total B.A.D.: 8.59 %
Stnd 1: 5.73 % at 17.25 DI: 0.36
Dip G1 Ratio: 2.76 %CV: 2.67
Stnd 2: 5.58 % at 38.67 DI: 0.81
Dip G1 Ratio: 1.23 %CV: 1.74
Debris: 19.77 %
Aggregates: 4.56 %
Modeled events: 15427
All cycle events: 10273
Cycle events per channel: 158
Importance of re-analysis:
The two DNA histograms below are from a formalin fixed and paraffin embedded sample (ovarian cancer) showing the advantage of re-analyzing a sample. The first analysis resulted in a broad and skewed G0G1 peak at 2C. The re-analysis of an adjacent 50 micron section resulted in a histogram showing an evident near-diploid pattern (bimodality in the 2C region).
First analysis
File: 011.fcs
Below is the ModFitLT processed histogram from the re-analysed data:
File analyzed: 011.fcs
Date analyzed: 7-Feb-2005
Model: 2Dn0n_DSD_ASD
Analysis type: Manual analysis
Diploid: 40.02 %
Dip G1: 84.54 % at 40.68
Dip G2: 7.03 % at 80.54
Dip S: 8.43 % G2/G1: 1.98
Aneuploid 1: 59.98 %
An1 G1: 93.80 % at 46.60
An1 G2: 2.69 % at 92.28
An1 S: 3.51 % G2/G1: 1.98
Total Aneuploid S-Phase: 3.51 %
Total S-Phase: 5.48 %
Total B.A.D.: 13.05 %
Debris: 45.27 %
Aggregates: 0.00 %
Modeled events: 18325
All cycle events: 10030
Cycle events per channel: 191
AutoAggregate function disabled (near diploid DI=1.15)
The Total S-phase should be considered
Text: Bo Baldetorp/Chairman of the Nordic DNA User´s Group.
Guidelines >


text:
Captain Colby 'Cole' Leighton has a single-minded mission in life. Find The Dragon, a ruthless pirate whose true identity remains elusive, and kill him.
When Bailey Spencer's family is attacked by a group of pirates, she barely escapes. While unconscious and near death, she is found by Coles' men and brought aboard their ship.
Being the only person who'd ever survived an attack by the Dragon, Cole believes she may be able to help identity The Dragon and speed his quest. When it becomes clear she can't help in this manner, Cole plans to put the word out that he has the sole survivor of a Dragon attack in order to lure the Dragon out of hiding.
Mourning her family and resenting being taken away from her home, Bailey only wants to go back. The pair regularly argue and often kiss though both feel a romance is out of the question.
When Bailey escapes on a pirate island hoping to catch a ride back home, she is drugged and sold into slavery. Cole buys her and uses the fact he owns her to justify using her as bait. The escape the island in the middle of the night and Bailey is taken to Cole's Caribbean hide out.
There she learns more about Cole and begins to understand him while he also sees her in a new light. When Cole hears The Dragon is back in the colonies, he heads home to North Carolina. That's when Bailey's betrothed, James, comes to save her. But Bailey's feelings toward Cole have changed.
Just as Cole and Bailey admit their love for one another, Bailey is captured by The Dragon who intends to use her to lure Cole into a trap.
While the novel starts off with a bang and the conflict is very well set up, Rogue soon grows heavy under the weight of Bailey's and Fyn's redundant arguments and lack of plot changes. Their emotions were all over the place and I felt as if I were aboard a ship on rocky seas myself. Unfortunately, I also found the story predictable.
Waking up on a ship in the middle of the high seas, Bailey Spencer is shocked to discover she's being held prisoner by Captain Cole Leighton-a handsome rogue who plans to use her as a pawn in his pursuit of vengeance. In all her life, Bailey has never met a man so seductive. She must escape, but his smoldering gaze and caressing touch are irresistible.
Now that he's found the missing piece in his plot for revenge, Cole has no intention of setting Bailey free, though he is intrigued by her unassuming beauty and courageous spirit. But, torn between his searing passion for Bailey and his vow for vengeance, Cole may not be capable of putting his precious jewel in danger-or of ever letting her go.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Everyone is different. Every body is different. Every breast is different.
We all experience changes in our bodies during pregnancy and nursing. Some women will experience dramatic changes in their body shape and breast size, while others will experience little change.
Our bodies are all different. A woman that is a D cup can be a completely different D cup to another woman. Listed below are a few different body types and bust shapes.
The above factors will help to determine what style of bra works best for you:
Balconcy shaped bra: full lower cup, wide set, full side, rounded.
Fuller coverage bra: most bust shapes and also perfect for heavier busts.
Seamless bra: most bust shapes and smaller sizes are suitable.
Contour bra: softer bust, high set, narrow bust point, empty top cup
Breast are tender and beginning to increase in size, volume and weight, possibly dramatically. Choose a seamless bra for the most comfort during this stage.
Breasts will continue to grow but the rate will be slower. The ribcage may also start to expand, meaning your bra band size may increase. A supportive and comfortable bra is recommended with cotton lining that will allow your body to breath and not irritate your sensitive skin.
Not much growth occurs at this late stage compared with the other 8 initial months.
Breasts will be at their maximum size, weight and tenderness due to the milk production required. Your seamless bra will also come in handy here.
Breasts will most likely be the same size for the remaining of your feeding. If feeding slows, breast size will also diminish due to the reduction of milk supply. To remain supported with a feminine shape, a flexible wire bra is recommended that is well made to endure your breast feeding time.
It is important to know that your breasts will not necessarily be the same size and shape in every pregnancy. After multiple pregnancies and after breastfeeding the breast shape and structure will change. There fore it is important to get refitted and invest in new bras to ensure you are getting the best support.
If you are well supported and wearing a bra that fits well– we are sure you'll look back at your pregnancy and nursing time with a smile.
We often hear from the previous generation: "I wish I could have worn that when I was pregnant"
Related article: nursing bras small cup sizes


text:
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It looks lengthy I know. I find it is still very easy to make. I just take out all my ingredients, start the noodles and the work on the beef/gravy. It is a creamy, beefy and cheesy blend that is sure to satisfy!
16 ounce package of Elbows
A pot of Warm Water
1 Pound of Ground Beef
1 Large Onion
2 cloves of Garlic
1 Tablespoon Olive Oil
1 cup Swanson Beef Stock or Kitchen Basics Beef Broth
1 teaspoon Kitchen Bouquet (called to verify GF Status)
1 tablespoon La Choy Soy (Kroger Soy Sauce is also GF)
1/2 teaspoon Mrs. Dash all purpose spice blend
1/2 teaspoon Salt
1/2 teaspoon Garlic Powder
1/8 teaspoon black Pepper
1 Herb Ox Bouillon Cube (chicken)
3 Tablespoons Flour (I have used Bisquick or Rice)
1 12-13 ounce can evaporated Milk
2 cups Shredded Extra Sharp Cheese
- Put on a large pot of water to boil.
- Add Elbow Macaroni Noodles and cook according to package directions.
- In a separate deep sided skillet, add oil, beef, garlic and onion.
- Cook until beef is no longer pink and onions are translucent.
- Add next group of ingredients.
- Simmer and stir for 5 to 7 minutes until sauce thickens.
- Meanwhile, drain cooked noodles (reserving one cup of pasta water).
- Add water and noodles to simmering beef.
- Stir in milk and cheese until cheese is melted.
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I received this book for free from Xpresso Book Tours in exchange for an honest review. This does not affect my opinion of the book or the content of my review.Deeper: Descent by allyn lesley
Series: The Deeper Chronicles #2
Published by allyn lesley llc on April 5th 2016
Genres: Adult, Crime, Suspense
Pages: 200
Format: eBook
Source: Xpresso Book Tours
Reading Challenges: COYER Summer Vacation
Buy on: Amazon, Barnes & Noble, iBooks
He's been a pawn in a game all along...
The King of New York is back. And now, he's got a Queen on his arm. Just when Noah Adams and Avi Linton are finally settling in to their "happily ever after," another evil is preparing to make a move. This time, the game just got a little more dangerous and nobody will come out unharmed. Determined to protect her at all costs, Noah puts his life on the line for the only woman who ever mattered to him. But that might not be enough.
When the past begins to threaten their future, Avi and Noah must fight for their present. But can they battle against their enemy without descending deeper into danger?
Deeper: Descent picks up right where book one ended. Noah Adams, the King of New York, has found his Queen in Avi Linton. Though they came together under tragic circumstances, the two have decided to give their relationship a shot. Just when Noah thinks he's gotten everything he's ever wanted, he learns that he's still caught in the web of an adversary unlike any he's known before. Like Deeper, Deeper: Descent is a sexy, suspenseful story that's hard to put down.
I really enjoyed reading this book. The characters are multi-dimensional and complex, the story is well-written, and I love the urban setting of New York City. Noah may be a drug kingpin who's a bit of a hard-ass, but he's also a very likable character. I found that interesting, because if Allyn Lesley hadn't developed him as well as she did, Noah could have easily become a bully. Even though he's heavy-handed at times, I find that it's due to his military background, and because he realizes how dangerous his life can be. Avi is a pretty cool woman, and I love that she has her own identity apart from Noah. However, I did feel like she lost a bit of herself in Noah in this second novel. Hopefully she'll regain some of her autonomy in the third entry.
The aspect of the story I enjoyed the most was the gritty underworld feel of Noah's world. I loved the mystery surrounding his past, and how it kept informing his life today. This shed more light on Noah's personality, and made him more empathetic to me. Though this is true, I still like his boys Roe, Cass, and Gavin more than him. Somehow they seem more like "regular" people. Now that Noah has uncovered the truth about his past it will be interesting to see how/if it changes him in the next installment.
Allyn Lesley's The Deeper Chronicles is a fast, entertaining read, and full of hot, steamy love scenes. I think Deeper: Descent is a suspenseful story that grabs you right away, and the characters keep you invested in the outcome. Anyone who is looking for a romantic crime novel should definitely check this one out. Since it's the second novel, I would start with book one, as this story is a continuation of that one. Picking this one up without having read the first book may confuse readers about the backstory, so be warned.
Tour Schedule
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text: This is my first layout from the latest DT kit from Ann at The Scrapbook Garden. I had great fun playing with the DIY Thickers, even though I managed to get glitter everywhere!I've never seen the Personal Impressions Canvas Cloth before, but I absolutely love it! I used a Studio Calico/Hero Arts chevron stamp with the brown ink pad that Ann sent with the kit, and stamped on the reverse side of the canvas. I then cut around the stamped area and used it as patterned paper - I love the extra texture it gives to the page :D


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DOCTORS CURE & TREATMENT KILLED HIS PATIENT COURT FINDS & AWARDS COMPENSATIONWednesday, June 22nd, 2016
Newcastle Private Hospital.NSW.Australia. Photo: Fiona Morris
Colleen Stefanyszyn, of the Newcastle suburb Merewether, vomited faecal material for several days before her death following surgery at Newcastle Private Hospital in December, 2008.
It was "the worst red flag that a surgeon would see", a medical expert said during a NSW Supreme Court hearing that resulted in negligence findings against her gynaecologist and the hospital, and the possibility of contempt action against the hospital relating to the Supreme Court proceedings.
Mrs Stefanyszyn's death was preventable, NSW Supreme Court Justice Monika Schmidt found in a decision on Tuesday that was highly critical of the hospital and its breaches of duty of care that contributed to Mrs Stefanyszyn's death.
Justice Schmidt accepted Newcastle gynaecologist and obstetrician Dr Oliver Brown's admission that he breached his duty of care to Mrs Stefanyszyn and that it had resulted in her death.
Mrs Stefanyszyn's death "could have been prevented, had available surgical steps been taken", Justice Schmidt said.
Mrs Stefanyszyn, 61, had vaginal hysterectomy elective surgery at the hospital on December 1, 2008.
During the operation a loop of suture material "inadvertently looped around Mrs Stefanyszyn's bowel", resulting in a blockage, Justice Schmidt said.
She lived for just four days after the surgery, vomiting faecal matter from the third day, starting with a "coffee-coloured fluid" on the night of December 3.
While Dr Brown's response to Mrs Stefanyszyn's symptoms until the third day was reasonable, it was the medical experts' common ground that his approach to her subsequent care "was not only wrong, but inexplicable, given her deteriorating condition" that included continued faecal vomiting, Justice Schmidt found.
"Despite Mrs Stefanyszyn not recovering from the surgery as was expected and her deteriorating condition, the cause of her symptoms was not investigated, the blockage was not identified and surgical steps necessary to remove it were not taken, with her death the result," Justice Schmidt found.
"The result was that the blockage was not identified or addressed; infection set in; she repeatedly vomited faecal material; she inhaled some of that material with resulting pneumonia; her electrolytic balance became disordered; her oxygen levels deteriorated; and finally, she suffered a fatal cardiac arrest."
Justice Schmidt was highly critical of the hospital, its breaches of duty to Mrs Stefanyszyn which were "more extensive than it finally admitted", the failure of its staff to record observations of Mrs Stefanyszyn on the three days before her death, and the hospital's decision not to call evidence to address issues of its breaches.
Dr Brown's "failure to give evidence in support of his own case and the hospital's failure to call evidence in its, is that such evidence would not have assisted their respective cases", Justice Schmidt found.
The hospital's failures "did not give rise to a mere possibility of injury, but actually materially contributed to the death which resulted from both its failures and those of Dr Brown", Justice Schmidt found.
The matter returns to court on Friday where Justice Schmidt will consider whether the hospital should face contempt proceedings over aspects of the court case.
Justice Schmidt noted the hospital, Mrs Stefanyszyn's husband Walter and daughters Leigh and Megan had settled a compensation case.
In a notice in the Newcastle Herald on the second anniversary of his wife's death Mr Stefanyszyn wrote: "I have lost my soul's companion, a life linked with my own. Day by day I miss you more, as I walk through life alone. Forever Wal."
Her daughters wrote: "What is home without a mother? All things this world may send, but when we lost our darling mother, we lost our dearest friend. Love Leigh and Megan."
Henry Sapiecha


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You can never have too many shoes – or fragrances! With a Mary Kay® fragrance wardrobe, you can choose your scent to match your mood, occasion and season – just like selecting the outfit and accessories you want to wear each day.
- Start by building your fragrance wardrobe.
Are you feeling: Select:
Luxurious and Sophisticated Cityscape™ Eau de Parfum
Joyful and Radiant Forever Diamonds™ Eau de Parfum
Connected and Nurturing Thinking of You™ Eau de Parfum
Floral & Fruity Bella Belara® Eau de Parfum
2. Add the finishing touches!
- Apply perfume to pulse points.
- The skin is warmer on the pulse points – neck, wrist, bend of arm and back of knee – which helps the fragrance to evolve and provide a better sensory experience.
- Consider the weather.
- If it is cold, your fragrance will need to be reapplied every three hours or so. In warmer climates, the scent will last much longer.
- Experiment!
- Fragrance is a form of self-expression: It can match your mood or set a whole new tone. Try a variety of scents for different occasions and moods.
- Apply body lotion before your fragrance.
- Fragrance will last longer on skin that is well moisturised. Applying a body lotion after you shower will help your scent last much longer.
- Everyone deserves a diverse fragrance wardrobe.
- Fragrance is often considered a luxury item that many of your loved ones may not consider buying for themselves. You can treat them to a pampering gift, and help them build a fragrance wardrobe of their own for every mood and occasion!


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By Aviation Electronics Technician 3rd Class Omari Janhrette, Naval Air Station Jacksonville Public Affairs
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. (NNS) -- A detachment of F/A-18C Hornets from Fighter Squadron Composite (VFC) 12, operated from Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Jan. 26-Feb. 2, providing "adversary training" for the air wing on board USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77) and its carrier strike group.
Bush is currently underway in the Atlantic for its Composite Training Unit Exercise (COMPTUEX), followed by its Joint Task Force Exercise (JTFEX).
"What makes this squadron unique is that we are the adversary squadron," said Lt. Cmdr. Scott Seeder, detachment officer in charge. "We provide enemy aircraft simulation for any tactical mission involving Bush operational squadrons. We bring multiple scenarios to fleet squadrons to help make them more capable when dealing with a real-time threat."
The "Fighting Omars" mission is to provide tactical "dissimilar air combat training" for Navy, Marine Corps and other aviation units when tasked. VFC-12 is the Naval Reserves' premier adversary squadron providing threat tactics training to Navy strike fighter squadrons. VFC-12 is a vital element in ensuring combat readiness for carrier strike groups preparing for deployment.
"The squadron plays a small, but significant role in COMTUEX and JTFEX. We enjoy the opportunity to make these training exercises extremely challenging for pilots coming off the carrier," Seeder said. "If we are not out there attacking the strike group, it would take away a lot of the realism from the missions they will be performing."
VFC-12 provides multiple support services including air intercept and dissimilar air combat maneuvering training, for both Atlantic and Pacific Fleet units. The unique challenges of the squadron's mission has made the Fighting Omars one of the most sought-after aviation duty assignments in the Navy.
Because of this distinction, only the "best of the best" are selected to fly as adversary instructor pilots in VFC-12. Many are veteran F-14 Tomcat pilots, hand picked for their tactical flying abilities, who have at least 10 years of experience flying the F/A-18 Hornet.
For the COMTUEX and JTFEX missions, VFC-12 detachments are usually made up of seven aircraft, with both full-time support and selected reservists.
The maintainers in this squadron play a huge role in the success of each mission. For this exercise, VFC-12 utilizes 62 maintainers and about two dozen pilots to operate seven aircraft. Maintainers who travel with the squadron work 24-hour maintenance schedules. With two shifts working 12 hours at a time, maintainers do a great job to keeping these planes operable.
"These aircraft are some of the oldest in the fleet, so some of them are approaching the end of their service life. Our maintainers do a great job to keep them flying," said Seeder.
Welcome to the Milcom Monitor Post sponsored by Teak Publishing (Copyright © 2006-2019 Teak Publishing). All rights are reserved. Redistribution of these pages in any format without prior permission is prohibited. Links to individual stories are permitted without permission. The comment section on this blog is closed, but you can pass along material or comments via email MilcomMP at gmail dot com. If you submit material for this blog and want to remain anonymous, indicate that in your message.
Milcom Monitoring Post Profiles
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Friday, February 11, 2011
'Fighting Omars' Test USS GHW Bush Air Defenses
Labels: COMPTUEX, JTFEX, US Navy, USS George H.W. Bush CSG, VFC-12


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Former Vice President Joe Biden spoke out against the GOP's efforts to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act in a letter published in the Washington Post Monday, where he claims the Trump administration is trying to strip Americans of their basic health rights.
Biden's bottom line: "They want to drag us back to a time — not all that long ago — when Americans could be denied basic health care because they were unable to afford it. That's the reality of where we are today and it's enough to make your blood boil."


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Hey ztealmax,
Thanks for all the hard work that has gone into optimizing Chromium on the Pi. I have been comparing the different customizations that you've pasted in the most recent one you have:
But on the others you have:
Which one is correct?
Also, in the most recent one you have --enable-quic but on others it's --disable-quic.
What's the reason for the change? (curious).
Last question (for this post anyway =P). Should all these options be visible in chrome://flags?
Kind Regards and thanks again for keeping at this.


text: Film & TV Albert Maysles Film & TV Albert Maysles SHARE November 8, 2011 5:09 pm By Bullett TV Tweet + Albert Maysles, maker of the original 1976 documentary, Grey Gardens, sat down with BULLETT to discuss his thoughts on the art of documentary filmmaking. Take a look inside his studio, filled with memories of 'Big' and 'Little' Edie Beale. Related Tweet COMMENTS Leave a Reply Click here to cancel reply. Name (required) Email (will not be published) (required) Website Comment Notify me of new posts by email.


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Fiorentina complete Benalouane loan
Yohan Benalouane has made just nine appearances for Leicester City, prompting a move back to Italy with Serie A high-flyers Fiorentina.
Yohan Benalouane has joined Fiorentina on a loan deal until the end of the season just five months after leaving Serie A for Leicester City.
Premier League surprise package Leicester forked out a reported £5.6million to sign the French centre-back from Atalanta in August.
However, he has struggled to break into the first team at the King Power Stadium and all four of his Premier League appearances came from the substitutes' bench, while he made just nine in total.
The 28-year-old has subsequently swapped a battle for the Premier League title for Fiorentina's challenge for the Champions League in Italy's top flight.
Benalouane, whose move is subject to clearance from the Football Association, could make his debut against Carpi on Wednesday.


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Toronto's Top 5 Burgers
Toronto. The 6ix. T-dot. Whatever you call it, it's fair to say that this city is home to some of the best burger joints around. Oh, and you can trust us because us ladies at LANGsura are burger connoisseurs (aka We. Love. Burgers.). Torontonians are foodies by nature, and with...Continue reading


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Probe after 200 guests flee hotel blaze
12 January, 2018 — By Samantha Booth
LONDON Fire Brigade is investigating the cause of a fire which saw 200 guests evacuated from a hotel.
More than 20 firefighters and four fire engines tackled the blaze at the six-floor Thistle City Barbican Hotel on Wednesday evening.
Guests had left their rooms as a safety measure before firefighters arrived. Part of a linen room at the hotel in Central Street was damaged.
No injuries were reported.
A spokeswoman for Thistle Hotels said: "The health and safety of all our guests remains paramount and we are currently liaising with authorities to determine the cause of the fire."
Fire crews from Shoreditch, Euston and Whitechapel were dispatched, London Fire Brigade said, adding: "The cause of the fire is under investigation."
The hotel has 463 guest rooms, a swimming pool and a gym.


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"What The Bleep Do We Know" is one of the seminal films about consciousness that opened up a doorway to the inner working of our reality for millions of people. It is a fantastic documentary that is not just thought provoking but world expanding.
I highly recommend this documentary and I was surprised to find the entire movie posted on youtube. It is worth a couple of hours of your time. It may just change your own personal reality and as a result the world.


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Voltage leaks are another common cause of engine performance issues. Voltage leaks are leaks in the ignition system where the spark does not reach the tip of the spark plug. This loss of ignition translates to a misfire on the offending cylinder. Misfires, as we have discussed, can cause a rough-running engine and a loss of performance.
Finding ignition voltage leaks isn't that hard. Sometimes you can actually hear a voltage leak. Listen for a loud snap that is irregular and might coincide with the miss of the engine. If you don't hear them right away, don't worry; this method will help you find any voltage leaks, should you have any. All you need is a spray bottle full of water; if you're brave, you can turn the lights off during the test. While the engine is running, spray the ignition system with the water. Look for sparks or arching, listen for the snap, or listen for the engine RPM to change in some way as you do this.
Keep in mind that sometimes when doing this you can actually seal a vacuum leak, as mentioned above in the vacuum leak test. Personally I like to look for the light show in the dark, as this makes it easier to see. If you find a voltage leak, replace the parts and recheck for your performance problem. Don't forget to check the ignition cap and rotor if you have them. If you have a coil-on-plug setup, this method might not work so well. For those, you might remove the coils one by one to inspect them. Look for burned areas or white residue on the coils themselves.
This can indicate a voltage leak. If you find parts in this condition, replace them and recheck for the problem. Here is a video on how to look for voltage leaks.
{SCOpenGraph description=In this Article, Voltage Leaks, we look at how this can impact Engine Performance. }


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Business Architect – Customer Distribution - AXA
The Business Architect plays a key role in structuring the enterprise in terms of its governance structure, business processes, and business information. This person aligns strategic goals and objectives with decisions regarding key business and IT initiatives. The primary focus is the business motivations, business operations and business analysis.
As an IT Senior Business Architect, your responsibilities will be to:
- Develop a business architecture strategy based on a situational awareness of various business scenarios and motivations;
- Apply a structured business architecture approach and methodology for capturing the key views of the enterprise;
- In your domain, define and document the business architecture (strategy, people, process, tool) and participate in the definition and execution of multi-year transformation roadmaps to ensure the success of business transformations;
- In your domain(s), define structure, formalize and validate with all stakeholders, business solutions to operationalize organizational transformations;
- Participate in the identification of the initiatives necessary to realize the needs (strategic and tactical) of the business and the (target) business architecture;
- Identify the impacts of these initiatives on the different aspects of the business architecture (capability, value stream, process, organization, people, information, tools);
- Identify and ensure that interdependencies are taken into account within the domain as well as inter-domain to ensure smooth implementation of projects;
- Contribute in the implementation of the target architecture roadmap to ensure that projects are coherent for the organization;
- Challenge and validate/define the scope of projects and demands together with the business to ensure that business can take the right decisions for the organization;
- Ensure that projects remain aligned with the initial business architecture to ensure the right result is obtained for the organization. Participate in evolution and positioning of a Business Architecture practice within AXA;
- Develop and maintain a knowledge base "business architecture" to have up-to-date organizational blue prints;
- For projects, create business architecture part of SAD (solution architecture descriptions) which contain business motivation, business goal, business information etc. diagrams and which are formalized using Archimate.
As an IT Senior Business Architect, you have:
- A master degree or equivalent experience;
- At least 5 years of hands-on experience in Business Architecture or Enterprise Architecture;
- An experience using model-based representations (Archimate, BPMS...) that can be adjusted as required to collect, aggregate or disaggregate complex and conflicting information about the business;
- An experience in modelling business processes using a variety of tools and techniques;
- An experience in the definition of customer journeys;
- A broad, enterprise-wide view of the insurance business and varying degrees of appreciation for strategy, processes and capabilities, enabling technologies, and governance;
- The ability to recognize structural issues within the organization, functional interdependencies and cross-silo redundancies;
- The ability to apply architectural principles to business solutions;
- The ability to assimilate and correlate disconnected documentation and drawings, and articulate their collective relevance to the organization and to high-priority business issues;
- The ability to visualize and create high-level models that can be used in future analysis to extend and mature the business architecture;
- The ability to act as liaison conveying information needs of the business to IT and data constraints to the business; applies equal conveyance regarding business strategy and IT strategy, business processes and work flow automation, business initiatives and IT initiatives, and benefit realization and service delivery;
And you also are:
- Fluent in French or Dutch and you are able to read/write English and understand Dutch/French;
- A very good communicator with the ability to communicate appropriately at all levels of the organization; this includes written and verbal communications as well as visualizations;
- Results oriented;
- Self-motivated, proactive and able to work in a collaborative model side by side with business;
- Able to adapt to changing requirements, to deal with competing priorities and pressure;
- Able to influence and resolve conflict with very good leadership skills;
- A Team player who is able to work effectively at all levels of an organization, with the ability to influence others to move toward consensus;
- A very good analyser who are able to make decision;
- Able to communicate to all relevant stakeholders on their relevant level of information need and you can write complex documents and deliver persuasive presentations
- A good at networker and influencer;
- Flexible, pro-active, structured and quality oriented. If needed you jump in to draft parts of the solution architecture if they do not require in-depth technical knowledge.
What we offer:
An exciting job with a focus on your talents, and on…
1. Our inclusive and diverse policy: See what we mean by 'I can be me'. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8LEFZsQe5U
2. Development and support: a welcome day, 'Learning on the Job' and a broad range of courses, focus on internal mobility, innovating and digital transformation projects.
3. Our 'New Way of Working': working independently, meeting all kinds of colleagues at your flexible workplace, working from home part time and organising your day autonomously.
4. Your welfare, focused on prevention: through countless options for sports, our ergonomic office furniture, focus on healthy, delicious and varied lunches, check-ups, vaccinations, psychosocial support.
5. A salary package standing out in the market: Besides your gross salary you choose, according to your needs, from the attractive advantages in our cafeteria plan, and benefit from fully refunded commuting, discounts on our banking and insurance products. And of course, at AXA, you receive a competitive and extensive insurance package.
Explore your new workplace https://youtu.be/Bc-r3i8G4s8


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Nigerian Communications Satellite (NIGCOMSAT) Ltd, the nation's space satellite company will support #NCSAbuja2016, the 26th National Conference of the Nigeria Computer Society (NCS) with th... Read more
The knowledge driven digital economy throws up a wide Spectrum of opportunities for Information Technology (IT) leadership. Read more
Happy Father's Day. To Father is to Multiply Read more
Air Vice Marshal Muktar Magaji, Chief of Defence Communication, Defence Headquarters accompanied by Colonel AA Yussuph will represent the Chief of Defence Staff at the 26th National Conferen... Read more


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How to deliver SMS to Nigeria DND Numbers without changing the senderID to rUPDATE OR INFODESK
One of the Challenges facing SMS industry is the changing of senderID since the introduction of DND (Do not Disturb) feature by the NCC – Nigeria Communications Commission. As a result of this DND, senderID are changing to rUPDATE, INFODESK, INFINITI to mention few. MTN therefore, leveraged the undue advantage of this feature to further exploit clients by delivering SMS to DND numbers via a more expensive route.
Therefore, as a result of our tireless efforts to satisfying you by providing optimum services that help you achieve your SMS marketing targets and also reach your your targeted audiences, we at Loftysms.com, has rob minds and agreed with the network providers to help you deliver messages to your audience without changing your senderID on DND numbers.
Please note that only Corporate clients and Business owners are currently giving consideration process to register their senderID. For us to process your senderID, you must have a minimum traffic of 5000 messages monthly. Please check our pricing to see the equivalent cost.
Read: How to send SMS to Location, gender and networks with a click.
The requirements to register your senderID with NETWORK PROVIDERS
- First of all, become a registered user of Loftysms.com. If you are yet to register , click here to do so.
- Secondly, your company must be purchasing a minimum of 10000 units on loftysms every month. Click here to check our pricing.
- Your Company or Agency Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) certificate.
- A duly signed/stamped letter on your Company's letter-head paper which must follow MTN Nigeria Ltd letter format_New. format.
Note: All senderID must be related to the name of your Company/Organization on the CAC certificate and must have maximum of 11 characters. In case of inconsistent senderID, there must be some supporting documentations such as trademarks etc.
If all the requirements above are satisfied, please send a mail to email@example.com with the scanned letter, CAC certificate and all supporting documentations.
Please note that this process takes between 10-30 working days and maybe longer depending on the network providers.
For more information, contact us here.


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Due to a recent project I started working on a talend component. This blog post is not about how to do this from scratch, I am quite sure that Talend provides enough tutorials about it, alternatively you can do it like me and just use existing components as reference and build your own one (work environments without internet access suck!)
Prior reading this You Should Have:
- A basic understanding of Talend Data Integration solutions.
- A basic understanding how to develop and deploy Talend (Java) components.
- Knowledge about maven, maven build plugins and ant builds.
My Environment is:
- Mac OS 10.6.6 with Java 1.6
- Eclipse 3.5.1 Java EE editon
- Jaspersoft ETL 4.1.2 (aka Talend Open Studio 4.1.2)
Everything I describe applies for Jaspersoft ETL, Talend Open Studio and Talend Integration suite. The <Jaspersoft ETL workspace dir> is my local Talend repository folder – the Eclipse workspace folder of Jaspersoft ETL.
At The Beginning I found a few items to struggle with:
- Project structure:
- src/main/template: contains all files which are patched during the build process such as the component registration file.
- src/main/resources: contains all resources such as jet templates, icons, message properties
- src/test/java: reference implementation of the functionality which shall be in the component
- for the build (see below):
- src/assembly, pom.xml for the maven build
- build.xml for the ant wrapper.
- Editing Template files: By default Eclipse handles *.javajet files as text files without code completion and syntax highlighting. If you download the m2t JET from http://download.eclipse.org/modeling/m2t/updates/releases/ an editor will be installed. Now go to Preferences > General > Editors > File Associations and add "*.javajet" as extension. Select it and click on the second Add.. button and select "JET-Java Emitter Templates Editor". Click Ok. Reopen the javajet templates.
- To refresh the javajet templates in Talend without restarting it just hit Control+Shift+Function+F3 to re-initialize the code generation.
- Dealing with JETorg.eclipse.emf.codegen.jet.JETException: The generated java files are in a specific folder. These files can help to understand what the compilation error caused. I linked the folder into my project
ln -s <Jaspersoft ETL workspace dir>/.JETEmitters/src/org/talend/designer/codegen/translators/<family> ./gen-src
ln -s <Jaspersoft ETL workspace dir>/.metadata/.log ./log.log
The log file i monitor with tail on command line.
The Build And The Component File
I setup maven to maintain the dependencies for my project as I don't want to collect everything manually, I also want to be able to easily migrate to a later version. Now, as you might now, the component descriptor file requires a list of component specific imports. For obvious reasons I did not want to create this list manually, therefore I wrote a little ant script which wraps the maven build and patches the component descriptor.
The maven build file is responsible to collect all required files and bundle it as a single zip file. I used
- the maven dependencies plugin to download all required jars into the target folder during prepare-package phase.
- the maven assembly plugin for collecting all resources and bundling into a zip file during package phase.
The ant build is has only a few targets
- a prepare target which triggers mvn clean prepare-package
- a patch method which utilizes the (evil) antcontrib library to iterate over the jars and collect their names which are written in the required structure into the component file.
- a package target which triggers mvn package.
Popularity: 33% [?]Tags: ant, bestpractce, component, development, hint, howto, jaspersoft, maven, talend
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The Oxygen Advantage is a book with a singular claim: breath right, and every cell, muscle and organ will level up. A lifetime of breathing through the mouth, modern diets, and activities sedentary has left the respiratory system confused. Instead of ensuring a hearty supply of oxygen to my cells, the more intensely I breath the more I'm actually suffocating my organs!
You can measure it, claims the author, with a Body Oxygen Level Test (BOLT). A simple breath holding exercise that exposes the character of your respiratory system. I'm putting these theories to the test, by moving my BOLT score higher, entraining my autonomic nervous system to do the right thing again. This is my progress so far:


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Never underestimate the gems by unsung artists to be found along the less-traveled byways of the New York gallery world. Case in point is a selection of paintings, drawings and prints by American artists at the Kraushaar Galleries, which was founded in 1885 and is still going.
There's plenty to look at here — paintings by George Luks, William Glackens and John Sloan, and drawings by the sculptors Gaston Lachaise and Dorothy Dehner — but three works are especially rewarding.
Two are canvases from 1938-39 by David Park (1911-60), a painter at least as original as Richard Diebenkorn, whose figurative work Park influenced. Park died young, but not before perfecting a haunting balance of heavy brushwork and a snapshotlike sense of movement, light and human character. The two delightful portraits of Park's wife, Lydia, in this show indicate his confident study of the latest from Picasso, his paintings of Marie-Thérèse Walter and Dora Maar at a time when New York artists were gripped by his Cubism.
The other draw is "Bea Ault," a 1925 portrait by the resourceful Marguerite Zorach (1887-1968), an early adopter of Fauvism who was included in the 1913 Armory Show. The painting is bold in every way: its size, its palette of reds and blues, and especially its sophisticated mix of Cubism and folk art. Pictured in a rocking chair, smoking, its subject stares us down.


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When your kids grow up, at least enough to hold down a steady job, one question many parents and carers might ask themselves is, should I charge my kids board?
Some people will tell you yes, some people will tell you no, but at the end of the day, the answer won't necessarily be a black or white one, and will really come down to what's right for you and your family—in other words, don't spend too much time worrying about the opinion of others.
After all, you may need everyone who's living under your roof to contribute financially, or if you do have a choice, you may be happy to let them live at home for free, particularly if they're struggling, not earning much, using what money they do have to put toward study, or saving for something big.
If it's something that's been on your mind, we look at some things you may be interested to know and want to consider.
What's happening around Australia?
If you thought the rugrats (whoops – precious angels) would be long gone by now, statistics paint a different picture, with more kids remaining in the family home today than in years gone by.
In fact, figures show nearly one in four Aussies aged 20 to 34 continue to live with their parents, while more than half of those aged 25 to 29, who've moved out, have come back, with 52% lasting less than two years and 20% lasting less than a year out of home1.
As for why they moved back in, more than 65% of kids cited financial problems (increased cost of living, housing affordability issues and growing education debt) as the main reasons2.
What are your plans for the future?
Helping your kids out may be important but so will ensuring your own dreams don't fall by the wayside, particularly if you're also helping out ageing parents who are becoming less mobile.
You may want to travel, take up a hobby, buy a new car, move to a different area, or have a mortgage you'd like to pay off.
With that in mind, if you need your kids to put some money toward day-to-day household expenses, you shouldn't feel bad about asking them to chip in financially. Life can be expensive for all of us and there are a variety of ways you can ask your kids to contribute without asking too much.
For instance, you might charge them a percentage of what they earn, ask that they just cover their own personal items (such as car, phone and internet), or agree on a flat rate, which you could even offer a certain discount on, depending on how much they help around the house (love it!).
What about retirement?
The thought of your kids growing up is probably enough of a reminder that you're also getting older, without the need to mention retirement, but retirement is worth a thought when considering the costs of your adult children living at home.
After all, life expectancy is increasing in Australia3, which means you'll probably need to account for a longer retirement than your parents. If you retire at 60 and live beyond age 85 for instance, you may be looking at funding a retirement that could span more than 25 years (eek, a quarter of a century).
To give you an idea of the numbers, September 2017 figures show individuals and couples, around age 65, who are looking to retire today, need an annual budget of $44,011 and $60,457 respectively to fund a comfortable lifestyle, assuming they own their home outright and are in relatively good health4.
What are your kids working toward?
Your kids' future goals and dreams are important, which is why it's a good idea to have a discussion around what everyone is working toward and would like to achieve.
For instance, they may be saving for a holiday, a car, trying to pay off credit card or education debt, or even putting money aside for a deposit on their first home.
Understanding their goals might help you in your decision making around how you'd like them to contribute. You might be a little more accommodating if they're doing something constructive than if they're blowing every last cent, and putting their hand out before each pay day for example.
If they're a little unsure about their goals and what they'd like to prioritise, our online goals explorer tool might be a fun way to get them thinking.
How you can help them be independent?
Nearly 75% of parents in Australia provide financial support to their adult children5. While you too may feel obliged to, providing adult kids with regular cash handouts can lead to poor financial behaviour and them living beyond their means because they become too reliant on the 'bank of mum and dad'.
To assist your kids, particularly for when they do move out, here are some things to think about.
- Teach them how to budget and save, about the consequences of unsustainable debt and what benefits an emergency fund might have
- Challenge them to find a better deal with a different (phone, internet or credit card) provider and give them some incentive to do it. These are real life lessons that will stick
- Explain how a loan works. Going through your loan statements with your kids is a brilliant opportunity for financial education. Plus, you can show them how much extra they could end up forking out if they don't take note of the interest rate they sign up to.
Other considerations
Whatever you decide – whether you charge your kids board, let them live rent free, or allow them to put what rent they could be paying you toward an existing debt or into a savings account – you might want to put a timeframe around it and even reassess the situation every so often.
Our budget planner calculator may help them to crunch some numbers and the AMP Bett3r Account could help them stay on track financially as it enables them to track bills, set up savings goals and know what's safe to spend.
For further tips for your kids, check out our article – Money mistakes people in their 20s make.
Meanwhile, if you need help managing financially, consider speaking to your financial adviser. If you don't have one, contact us on 131 267 or use our online find an adviser search function. You can also reach out for some free financial counselling at the National Debt Helpline on 1800 007 007.
1, 2 McCrindle Research – Generation Y: The Causals, The Downagers, and The Boomerang Kids page 1
3 2015 Intergenerational Report – Australia in 2055 page vii
4 ASFA Retirement Standard – table 1
5 Finder – 74% of parents fork out for adult kids: time for kidults to stand on own two feet paragraph 3
Online source: Produced by AMP Life Limited and published on 14 March 2018. Original article.


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Catalonians cannot accept the central government's "illegal" move of imposing direct rule on Barcelona, says regional President Carles Puigdemont.
"I ask the parliament to meet in a plenary session during which we, the representatives of the citizens' sovereignty, will be able to decide over this attempt to liquidate our government and our democracy and act in consequence," said Puigdemont (seen below) in a televised speech on Saturday.
Puigdemont made the remarks after Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy announced the sacking of Catalonia's separatist government and holding of fresh elections in the region.
"The Spanish Government, with the support of the Socialist Party and Citizens party, has undertaken the worst attack on the institutions and people of Catalonia since the decrees of the military dictator Francisco Franco abolishing the Generalitat of Catalonia," said Puigdemont.
"The Catalan institutions and the people of Catalonia cannot accept this attack. The humiliation sought by the Spanish government as a guardian of all Catalan public life, from the Government to the public media, is incompatible with a democratic attitude and is situated outside the rule of law," he noted.
He added that he had called on the parliament to meet in a plenary session to discuss Madrid's move.
"Catalonia is an ancient European nation, ... is core to the European values. We do what we do because we believe in a democratic and peaceful Europe. The Europe of the Charter of Fundamental Rights should protect each and every one of us. You should know what you are fighting for in your home, we are fighting for Catalonia. And we will continue to do so," he stressed.
Meanwhile, the parliament in Catalonia has harshly criticized the Spanish government's move, saying it would do its utmost to defend the sovereignty of the independence-seeking territory.
The developments come as about half a million people took to the streets of Barcelona to support the results of the referendum.
Municipal police said around 450,000 people welcomed a call by Puigdemont and other secessionist leaders and rallied on Barcelona's large Paseo de Gracia boulevard and nearby streets.
Catalonia held a banned referendum on secession on October 1. The Catalan leader claimed that 90 percent of the voters in the referendum had backed secession, but the turnout had been put at only 43 percent.
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Last Tuesday, Puigdemont signed a symbolic declaration of independence but suspended it shortly afterwards and called for talks with the central government on the fate of the region.
Catalonia had held a symbolic referendum back in November 2014, during which more than 80 percent of participants voted for independence, according to Catalan officials.
The region has a population of 7.5 million people, who speak their own language and have their own cultural traditions, and a political movement for splitting from Spain that has strengthened in recent years.
Catalonia, Spain's wealthiest region, accounts for a fifth of the country's economy.


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Good afternoon,
Your child should be completing 15 Minutes of reading on a daily basis to develop their key reading skills. Alongside this your child now has a spelling book, they will be tested each Friday and given new spellings. All tests will be completed at the back of the book so you can see their results and new spellings will be put at the front of the book.
If you have any questions about their homework please come and speak to me. Thanks Miss Holman
Breaking News >


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Hosted by Director of Music and Ministries Kathy Bowman, Psalm 95 is an hour of celebration, adoration, and inspiration--all designed to draw the listener closer to our Lord.
Psalm 95 began as a weekly radio program in 2002, originally hosted by our founder, C. Harry Causey. The program features recordings of The National Christian Choir, the Word of God, and inspirational commentary.


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I love to eat taufufa (soy pudding). Hence, when my baby daughter was born on Sept 2016 and had a fair and smooth complexion and also a fairly weak and fragile immune system, I nicknamed her Taufufa in honour of my favourite dessert :). Yes, this mommy only thinks about food….hohoho!
I did not have a smooth labour and childbirth (it lasted a freakin 24 hours!!), but I sure am thankful to God for a healthy baby girl weighing merely 2.29kg. She doubled in weight before she was 3 months old, so all is good and she is in good health. Did I also mention that she happens to have a very loud voice? Oh yes, this little pudding loves to scream from her diaphragm, as my mom used to say!
The journey of parenthood is indeed a challenging one. I hope that by documenting our moments together, it will be cherished and remembered always 🙂


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I shoot a lot of video — all to tape. I've been hesitant to switch to a purely digital workflow, as MiniDV tape instantly provides archives. Call me a throwback, but I shoot primarily in standard definition (SD). While it's long past time to make the jump to high definition (HD) and go straight to digital, it'll take a significant investment in new cameras and storage, along with a beefy new workstation.
Alas, the project I've undertaken has been funded out of pocket. I can't simply go to the boss and ask for a bigger budget since I am the boss on this one.
Since we're dealing with a mix of HD and SD video, the final piece will be rendered in SD. There are stacks of MiniDV tapes sitting on my desk, waiting to be digitized. To make things more complicated, Final Cut doesn't want to recognize my sole HD camera, so we're starting to digitize the HD footage with iMovie.
I've been archiving to external hard drives. The next step is to drop some coin on a big RAID.


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Join Jeanne Catherine & Michael Neill to explore how human beings get off track and what we can do to experience ourselves, each other and the world with greater ease.
Michael Neill is an internationally renowned transformative coach and the best-selling author of The Inside-Out Revolution and The Space Within.
He has spent over 25 years as a coach, adviser, friend, mentor, and creative spark plug to celebrities, CEOs, royalty, and people who want to get more out of themselves and their lives. His books have been translated into 17 languages, and his public talks, retreats, and seminars have touched and transformed lives at the United Nations and on six continents around the world.
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TRUE to his word, US President Barack Obama has acted swiftly and decisively, via his own executive powers and legislation he plans to introduce next week, to attempt to toughen up his country's wildly diverse gun laws.
On Wednesday, less than a week before Monday's inauguration day, Mr Obama and Vice-President Joseph Biden announced proposals that could see a ban on automatic weapons, limiting magazines to 10 bullets, and universal background checks for all buyers of firearms. They come just 33 days after the Sandy Hook school massacre at Newtown in Connecticut, which cost the lives of 20 first-grade children and the six staff who tried to save them. Mr Biden, speaking to some of the victims' family members who were at the White House announcement, said that for them ''time is not measured in days but it's measured in minutes, in seconds since you received that news''. But time, as far as gun-control is concerned, is an elastic concept: it is almost 20 years since a president (Bill Clinton) attempted to tackle the matter.
It is also worth pointing out - as Mr Obama did on Wednesday - that since Newtown, a further 900 Americans have reportedly died as a result of gun violence. ''Every day we wait, that number will keep growing,'' he said.
While Mr Obama and Mr Biden have seized the moment, and, with it, utilised the popular support for gun-law changes following last month's massacre, their legislative goals may be achieved only over the longer term. That is by far the more daunting task.
In as much as the short term goes, the package of 23 executive orders, signed straight into action by Mr Obama, already represents significant, if still relatively moderate, change. Basically, these actions will tighten the checks and balances involved in trying to acquire firearms and catalogue those who do. The changes include systematic, more thorough background checks and database sharing; starting a nationwide safe and responsible gun-ownership campaign; and reviewing safety standards for gun locks and gun safes.
The real struggles for the Obama administration will be in trying to get the more ambitious legislative proposals through Congress in the face of opposition not only from the Republicans, who control the House, but from some in Mr Obama's own party, especially in the Democrat-controlled Senate. These more problematic proposals, which predictably have ignited the touch-paper sensitivities of the bellicose National Rifle Association and other pro-gun lobby groups, include reinstating and strengthening the ban on assault weapons that existed from 1994 until 2004 when it was allowed to lapse; criminal-background checks for all gun sales, including those by currently exempted private sellers; and banning possession of armour-piercing bullets.
Anticipating the problems that lie ahead on Capitol Hill, Mr Obama has also wasted no time in reminding Americans of the responsibilities they, too, share in the process. ''I tell you, the only way we can change is if the American people demand it,'' he said. As one social commentator has put it, the proposed laws, although they won't in themselves bring an end to gun violence, may serve to placate some fears as well as helping to prevent mass-killings.
What has to be overcome, however, is the inherent mythology that, to many, equates the right to bear arms with freedom and liberty (not that automatic weapons were around when the US constitution was signed). Mr Obama's assurance that his measures would maintain a balance between respecting the second amendment and keeping a few law-breakers from inflicting massive harm, is certain to be tested, if not downright condemned; but he deserves credit and respect for pressing ahead with his reforms.
Ultimately, this is the beginning that America has to have. As the President said, ''if there is even one thing we can do to reduce this violence, if there's even one life that can be saved, then we've got an obligation to try''.
A salutary lesson could be found at President Obama's media conference, whose guests included four of the children who wrote to him after Sandy Hook, asking him to stop gun violence. They are the fortunate ones. They are still alive.