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The social audience
Recently, Dr. Talia Stroud, the director of the Engaging News Project based at the University of Texas at Austin, wrote about a study looking at the role of gender and age in consuming news in the social media and mobile age.
In that post, examining the Mobile-First News report from the Miami based Knight Foundation and the ratings agency Nielsen, Stroud wrote about how women and younger audiences are more likely to engage with news on social media and mobile devices. Stroud added that she hoped this study would start a conversation within news organizations on how these audiences can be catered to, especially through social media.
Indeed, in this evolving age for journalism, there are opportunities for news organizations to make a difference, to enhance their journalism, to help audiences understand the world around them in new ways, especially when it comes to younger audiences.
Some organizations are already at the helm. In the UK, the BBC has a service called Newsbeat, telling the news from a younger audience standpoint, by offering explanation pieces on key events, especially during the UK's most recent vote on its membership in the European Union.
Hearing a lot about Article 50? This is one of the simplest explanations of what it is https://t.co/41MWAmowoF pic.twitter.com/uESPQVvpkX
— BBC Newsbeat (@BBCNewsbeat) June 27, 2016
It also provided unique analysis of the political fallout that followed, from the resignation of Prime Minister David Cameron and the Conservative Party to the concerns surrounding Jeremy Corbyn, the leader of the opposition Labour Party.
Newsbeat airs two 15 minute editions, Monday to Friday, on the broadcaster's pop music service Radio 1, and has presences on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat (search for bbc_newsbeat), as well as an app, accessible through its web site. Stories are also sometimes available as links from the main BBC News web site.
In the US, BuzzFeed has utilized video to encourage younger audiences to vote, recently uploading this video to its Facebook page featuring President Obama. BuzzFeed also produces news content on its web site as well as a News app.
Even though younger audiences are being exposed to media through multiple platforms and screens, there is potential for news organizations to make a difference, to help audiences understand issues in new ways. While the BBC and BuzzFeed are two notable examples of what is out there, there is much more that can be done to help younger audiences be informed news consumers.
Social media platforms and news organizations can work together to make that happen. Young people want to be informed, and in order for that to happen, more news organizations must look outside the box for that to happen, in spite of challenges that come.
For them, the ball is firmly in the news organizations' court.
Alex Veeneman, a Chicago based SPJ member and founder of SPJ Digital, is SPJ's Community Coordinator and is a contributing blogger to Net Worked on social media's role in the future of journalism.
Outside of SPJ, Veeneman is a Managing Editor and contributing writer for Kettle Magazine, an online publication in the UK. You can interact with Veeneman on Twitter here.
The views expressed in this blog post unless otherwise specified are that of the author's, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the SPJ Digital community, the board and staff of the Society of Professional Journalists, or its members.
Tags: alex veeneman, BBC, BuzzFeed, David Cameron, Engaging News Project, Jeremy Corbyn, journalism, Knight Foundation, Newsbeat, politics, president obama, Radio 1, social media, Talia Stroud, UK, University of Texas at Austin
Defending the First Amendment and promoting open government are more crucial now than ever. Join SPJ's fight for the publics right to know either as an SPJ Supporter or a professional, student or retired journalist.


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ConvaTec invited members of the Raleigh chapter of the UOA to visit their plant in Greensboro and to take a tour of their manufacturing facilities. On Thursday, March 20, 2003, three members of the Raleigh chapter (Betty Martin, David Martin, and Ed Withers) were able to visit their facility.
Despite the rain and the fact that I-40 construction had removed the exit listed in the directions, we were able to make it to the plant. We were treated to a brief presentation on the history and current status of ConvaTec and their parent company Bristol-Meyers Squibb. During the presentation (and throughout the entire visit) we were encouraged to ask questions. After the presentation, we were provided lab coats, safety glasses, hair nets, and beard covers to don before we entered the manufacturing facility itself. As you can see from the pictures below we were a smartly dressed crew by the time we stared the tour.
The manufacturing facilities at ConvaTec are quite impressive. We were amazed at the level of automation involved in the production of our appliances. In addition to the mechanical side of the tour, we were also able to meet many of the kind folks who work in the plant and produce the products we all depend on so heavily.
After the plant tour, the folks at ConvaTec provided us an excellent meal and took the opportunity to pick our brains about things we like, dislike, or otherwise notice about the appliances they use. It is quite obvious the folks at ConvaTec are seriously interested in continuing to improve their products to meet the needs of their customers.
We would like to take this opportunity to thank the employees and management at the ConvaTec Greensboro plant for their kind invitation and the hospitality they have shown to us.
(Click on images for larger view.)

subset: commoncrawl


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Login to Order
| 800.922.0724
or Start Your Tarantin Account HERE.
Tarantin Industries, Inc. offers Technical Assistance at no charge to our current dealers. Our entire inside and outside customer service team have been CETP trained in several modules and factory trained on the products we sell. Our technical staff is experienced in all phases of the LP Industry.
Assistance is provided to help with line sizing, product selection and maintenance, repair or troubleshooting for pumps, meters, plant equipment or heater equipment sold by Tarantin Industries, Inc.
Just fill in your requirements below and a member of Team Tarantin will respond to you within 24 hours during work days.


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The Santa Barbara County Small Business Development Center (SBDC) is part of the Ventura County EDC-SBDC, the Los Angeles Regional Network, and the nationwide Small Business Administration (SBA). This is to allow students to confirm business related coursework for employment functions and nonetheless permit the option full a full-time MBA diploma program at a later period in the event that they elect to take action. Students should achieve an total GPA of two.zero for all coursework and a 2.5 GPA for the Business Administration Major coursework famous with an asterisk () beneath. Not all of those even require a bachelor's diploma however they do require some sort of formal training.
You may take such career paths as business analyst, funding analyst, accounts clerk, accounts director, auditor, danger analyst, accountant. Enables students to utilize the ideas of strategic management enhanced by modern new analytical concepts. An industry description and outlook: Describing your industry, its measurement, growth rate, life cycle stage, main shopper groups, and traits.
And within the year 2008, she graduated Magna Cum Laude from the University of the Philippines with a degree in Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy, minor in Tourism. I suppose that the GMAT is essential as a result of a good score can get you into a good business program like this. We will educate you how you can apply scientific strategies in practice and equip you for a profitable career within the business world. Management reports and efficiency indicators are important data that assist with recognising enterprise issues.
There are additionally MBA applications of non-educational business schools, who are entitled by the Austrian government to offer these programs until the tip of 2012 (Lehrgang universitären Charakters). Candidates who successfully complete this qualification will get recognised to progress into Level four skills in Business and administration. Thus, often in the program's first yr, college students purchase both a working information of administration functions and the analytical expertise needed to observe them.


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|» Products
|» Hospital Bed
Hospital Bed
Our Hospital Bed are manufactured accurately to provide comfort to the patients. These beds have the feature of adjusting their elevation from head and feet. These bed have side railings so that the patient do not fall down accidentally. Their legs are strong and can withstand adequate weight. The height of the beds can be adjusted as per the requirement. In addition to it, these beds have washable mattresses made from accurate fibers so that the stains, infections and bacterias are completely washed off.


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Frozen Synapse Prime
Frozen Synapse Prime is a turn-based strategy game where you're in command of an elite force of soldiers in an unforgiving future controlled by an evil corporation. As this is a strategy based game, you must tell your soldiers what to do as you commence battle on 40+ randomly generated maps in the single-player campaign of this previously PS Vita exclusive title.
Bombing Bastards
Bombing Bastards is an action arcade game somewhat akin to Bomberman. There are over 30 levels of mazes to complete with loads of critters to bomb, and you can invite frriends to play in local multiplayer mode for up to 5 people. If you're playing online that number of players stretches to 8. Bombing Bastards is also full gamepad compatible so you can play with the traditional feel of a console game. It's also a SHIELD and Android TV exclusive, so unfortunately you'll need one of those units to play it.
Tales From The Borderlands Ep. 2 'Atlas Mugged'
This is the second portion of the game in the Tales From The Borderlands Episodic series, featuring the same hilarious comedy found within the original Borderlands games but with a more story-driven style of gameplay. Ifg you're a fan of other Telltale Gales titles, this is definitely worth checking out.
Road To Dragons
Road To Dragons is a role-playing game with puzzle-like elements. It features a unique battle system that allows you to chain attacks together for massive combos and damage, with multiple playable characters and a main goal of defeating enemies so you can open up paths on a grid panel to reach the dragons at the end of each stage. It can be played single-player or you can link up with friends for the completion of more difficult tasks.
X-Men Days Of Future Past
In this popular Marvel comics game featuring well known X-Men characters like Wolverine, Storm, Colossus, Cyclops, and more, your job is to stop the assassination of Senator Kelley so you can attempt to change the bleak future that all mutants now face. Unleash devastating abilities on your foes and upgrade your powers to take on more difficult enemies.


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I planned to write a coherent, reflective, thought provoking review of Dr. Marc Weissbluth's new book about sleep and multiples, but it will have to wait.
Instead, I'm going to write a self-indulgent, hopefully humorous, look at a recent day in my life.
Just to provide some background… at the end of June we decided to sell our house. We want it on the market by the end of July and my husband won't have a day off this month since July 6 to 31 since he's taking a course every weekend.
So, I'm very busy getting everything clean, packed and organized, which is part of the reason my blogging is suffering.
Here is a numerical look at one morning this week…
Getting Going
Number of errands I planned to accomplish: 4
1. Drop 2.5 year old at the babysitter's, after getting him up, dressed and fed
2. Grocery store,
3. Paint store,
4. Children's consignment store
Number of babies I had hoped to have in their pajamas when we left – that's easier than dressing them: 2 little girls
Number of babies still in their pajamas when we left: 1 little girl
Number of babies who spit up all over as we got ready to leave and needed to be changed before we could leave: 1 little girl
Number of noisy toys that 2.5 year-old son insisted on bringing: 1
Amount of time I was willing to take up arguing about it: 0 minutes
Number of trips to get the car loaded: 4
1. 2.5 year old with his noisy toy,
2. Diaper bag and one baby,
3. Purse, water bottle and other baby,
4. Double stroller
Number of phone calls I made on the way out the door: 1 (to the babysitter to tell her I would be arriving late)
Number of minutes I was late leaving to drop off 2.5 year-old at the babysitter's: 20+ minutes
First Stop
Driving time to first stop after the babysitter's (grocery store): less than 5 minutes
Number of available parking spots: lots and lots and lots as my 2.5 year old would say
(Note to self: grocery store isn't very busy at 8:45 on Tuesday morning)
Number of babies sleeping when I put them in the double stroller: 2 little girls
Number of babies sleeping by the time I got inside the store: 1 little girl in pajamas
Amount of time it took to get refund on purchase from Sunday: 5 minutes
Number of times I had to answer questions about twins while getting refund: 2
Number of white candles I bought to give our bathrooms a "spa feeling": 9
Number of cream candles I bought because they were the closest colour to an "earth tone" I could find: 3
Types of white towels I had to examine in order to find a "fluffy" set: 3 (obviously a white towel, isn't just a white towel)
Number of white towels and facecloths I bought to create the same "spa feeling": at least a dozen
(Hopefully, I can return the extras… I have no idea what I'll do with a dozen white towels and 3 children under age 3!)
Amount of time I spent looking for two items that I never found (garbage bags and training underwear for the 2.5 year old): probably only 5 minutes, but it felt like longer with all the stuff I was carrying and pulling
Number of people who stopped me to ask about twins: 5+, most of them were store employees
Number of people who offered to help while I carried a basket of candles and towels, and pulled a double stroller with a bag of groceries on it: 0
Number of important discoveries I made: 1 – It is easier to pull a double stroller while carrying a heavy basket than it is to push a double stroller while carrying a heavy basket
Number of babies asleep at the end of first stop: 1 little girl in pajamas
Number of babies starting to fuss by the time we got to the car: 1 little girl in a dress
Amount of time I spent wondering whether I should bother with next 2 errands: as long as it took to get to the car – if I put it off, I'll have to bring 2 babies and their older brother with me next time
Amount of time I spent panicking when I thought I locked my keys in the trunk: 5 seconds, then I realized they were in my purse
Number of times I wondered if there was a drive-thru close by to get a snack without getting out of the car: 2, or 3, or maybe 4 – hey, I'm a hungry, breastfeeding mom of twins
Second Stop
Amount of time to get to next stop (paint store): less than 5 minutes
Number of babies who are still awake a second stop: 1 little girl in a dress
Amount of time spent wondering whether it is worth it to take out the double stroller to walk from a parking spot right in front of the door in to the paint store: 15 seconds divided as follows:
Amount of time spent calculating that I would be carrying 25+ lbs of baby, plus two car seats while opening the door: 14 seconds
Amount of time spent deciding if it was worth it to get out double stroller: 1 second
Number of paint samples I need to buy to do touch ups in our house: 2
Number of paint chips I had to go through to find the right colours because I'd left that information at home: Lots and lots and lots
Number of paint samples I need that the store had in stock: 1, but they'll call me when the other colour comes in
Number of people who ask about twins: 2, both store employees (the paint store is also very quiet on Tuesday mornings)
Number of people who offer to hold the door while I maneuver my way out with a double stroller: 0
Third Stop
Amount of time to third stop (children's consignment store): less than 1 minute, it is about 3 doors down
Number of bibs I plan to buy for babies: 2 or more so I don't have to wash them so often
Number of bibs in stock: 0, the cashier suggests I go to Wal-Mart instead
Amount of time spent considering going back to Wal-Mart before going home, and unloading and reloading the car to find 2 bibs inside the Super Center which I've never visited before: 2 seconds, I can wash the bibs they already have
Amount of time spent considering whether to buy a double jogging stroller that I see for sale: long enough to walk over to it
Amount of time spent considering whether to buy same jogging stroller when I see that it costs $350 second-hand: 0 seconds
Number of teething soothers I decide to buy since I'm there and they have some in stock: 2, otherwise this trip would have been a complete waste
Number of customer appreciation stamps I would get for my purchase if I had my card: 1
Number of stamps that the cashier put on a new card for me: 1
Number of cards that I have at home with one stamp each: I don't even want to guess, probably lots and lots and lots
Number of people who ask about twins: 0 (they see lots of babies in the children's consignment store)
Number of people who offer to hold the door while I maneuver my way out with a double stroller: 0
Number of babies who are awake and getting noisier: 1 little girl in a dress, and 1 little girl in pajamas
Going Home
Amount of time it takes to get home: 15 minutes including getting babies and stroller in car
Number of trips it takes to get everything in the house: 4
1. Unlock door,
2. Babies, – two car seats – one in each hand
3. Groceries,
4. Diaper bag and other purchases
(I left the stroller in the car)
Total time to make three stops: almost 2 hours
Number of hungry babies when we got home: 2 little girls – and one mommy too!
Number of ideas I have about what to feed them: None, but I have to find one pretty quickly
Number of things I didn't find on my errands: paint, 2 items from grocery store, bibs
Amount of time I was home before paint store called to say my colour had arrived: less than an hour
Amount of time before I have to pack up 2 babies to go to the babysitters to pick up 2.5 year-old son: 5 hours
Number of things on my "to-do" list for those 5 hours: lots and lots and lots
Number of things I actually get done: not very many
Number of smiles from two happy, full, clean, and (finally) dressed baby girls: lots and lots and lots


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Hey folks! It's been an embarrassingly long time since the last post, but much has transpired in the world of drug reform both locally and around the world since the last updates. The Mexico situation has become so bleak that the U.S. State Department said it would pull all of the children of its diplomatic personnel out of the business capital of Monterrey. The decision came after a cartel shootout in front of a prominent school in that city. Also it seems that pharmacies across the U.S. are seeing more instances of heists and robberies due to the increase in popularity of prescription drugs. Pharmaceuticals are the second-most popular illicit drug category in the U.S. behind cannabis.
On a happier note, the first MU NORML meeting of the year kicked off rather successfully this year with around 80 students and citizens coming out and showing their interest in fighting back against the Drug War. Our next meeting will be help at 7:00 p.m. in Arts & Sciences room 103, where we'll be presenting a recap of the National NORML conference.
Speaking of said conference, MU NORML president Lyndsey Garza I have the extreme privilege of traveling to Portland, ORfor NORML's 39th annual National Conference! I'm leaving town at 3 a.m. tonight and flying out of KCI around 6:30 tomorrow morning. I'll be a bit late to the beginning of the conference, but follow along for updates throughout the conference. You can also follow the fun at our Twitter page or watch the conference streaming on NORML's website!


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Win Independent Votes by Neglecting Social Cons? Bad Strategy
Recently, controversy emerged within conservative and Republican circles when Mitch Daniels, and more recently Haley Barbour, suggested that we declare a "truce" on social issues. Instantly the battle lines were drawn between social conservatives, who don't want to see their issues sidelined and forgotten, and fiscal conservatives, who believe that we need to focus on the economy and health care as the big issues of the day.
Daniels and Barbour are perhaps merely being pragmatic. Both of these men are socially conservative. They both are all-around movement conservatives who have made very positive contributions to both their states and their party by their service in office. However, their calls for a truce on social issues are a strategic mistake.
I understand the desire for pragmatism regarding the issues that conservatives focus on in this election season. Indeed, I share that same pragmatism. I agree that jobs, the economy, health care, and the deficit need to be the things that Republicans primarily talk about. Not the only things, to be sure, but these acute issues of concern need to be the "drivers" of our talking points and agenda items this season.
The problem with what Daniels and Barbour have said arises from the fact that, while I do not think they personally intend for social conservatives to be tossed off the bus, their statements provide ammunition to those who do. There are indeed those on the right who would love nothing more than to shut social conservatives up once and for all, and turn the Republican Party into a scaled-up version of the libertarians.
(You should have seen how some of these concern trolls flipped out when an early leak about the Republican "Pledge to America" suggested that it might have one point which affirmed the Republican commitment to conservative positions on some social issues, along with its many points addressing fiscal issues).
The arguments advanced in favor of silencing the social aspect of conservatism are not good ones. It is argued that the Republicans need to keep silent on social issues because not doing so will alienate crucial independents who are needed for victory in November.
Is that so?
"Independent" is a nebulous term. To whom does it refer? To those who are not affiliated with a party, or at least with a major party? Fine, but that definition is still nebulous. "Independents" are not a monolithic bloc of people who all vote one way and who are all concerned about the same things in the same proportions.
Indeed, many people who are independents left the GOP because it was becoming too liberal, both fiscally and socially. Many left the GOP because it was perceived as not conservative enough on social issues. There are independents who don't like conservative stances on social issues, and there are also independents who don't like conservative stances on fiscal issues, either.
There are independents of every shape and stripe. We can't appeal to all of them, even with only fiscal arguments. Trying to is a fool's errand.
Examining the "independents" who are currently joining with Republicans to oppose the Obama/Pelosi/Reid agenda -- the "independents" whom we can and do appeal to -- reveals people who are generally of the same stripe as the Republican rank-and-file. This makes sense, since the people to whom Tea Party and Republican ideas are going to appeal are going to be mostly the 40% who label themselves conservatives -- many of whom are not affiliated with a party -- along with the right side of the "moderates" group.
Indeed, polling tells us that the Tea Partiers who are driving this new wave of conservative activism are not as broad-spectrum as we're often told. While only 44-49% of Tea Partiers identify with the Republican Party initially, it has been found that when pushed to name a preference, 83-88% of Tea Partiers identify with the GOP. Only around 10% of these folks are Democrats, and single digits identified as true independents.


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In recent years there have been disturbing reports about the many harmful ingredients in non-organic pet foods – ranging from toxic agents, artificial colors and flavors, and dangerous preservatives to the inclusion of the flesh of dead, diseased livestock and roadkill, which could even include dogs and cats. As a pet lover, your pet's health and happiness are of prime importance, and the thought that the non-organic food you've been feeding your beloved cat, dog, or bird could be seriously endangering your pet's health is appalling. Changing to an organic pet diet will work wonders for your pet's health and wellbeing, and will probably mean fewer visits to the vet.
As in the case of organic meat, organic chicken, organic eggs, and organic dairy for humans, organic pet food is certified to be free of all chemicals, artificial agents, and bulk fillers, and also contains significantly higher levels of vital nutrients specifically formulated for your pets' health, happiness, and longevity. Today, there is a whole range of organic pet food for dogs, cats, birds, fish, hamsters – you name it, and you can locate it online. That's got to be good news for all pet lovers.
The most popular organic pet foods, both wet foods and dry foods, are for dogs and cats, which you can explore in this section of our website. However, bird lovers should also be aware of the many benefits of organic bird feed, which are all related to a more natural diet.
Non-organic bird feed contains high levels of chemical toxins that are even more injurious to birds, who are relatively smaller in size than dogs and cats. Organic bird feed is free of the carcinogens, toxins, and sugar found in even the best "premium" non-organic bird feeds. Instead, it contains wholesome nutrients close to the bird's natural diet (nuts, seed mixes, sprout mixes, fruits and vegetables) helping them grow and thrive the way nature intended them to.
Instead of added sugar (which no bird much likes) organic bird feeds provide an all-natural source of essential minerals, vitamins, proteins and other nutrients for your bird's optimum health, eliminating problems like feather-plucking, inability to fly, or overgrown beaks. Unlike non-organic feeds that are too heavy in fat and sugar for most birds to digest, organic bird feed protects your bird from chronic illness or a host of serious medical conditions such as kidney failure, fatty liver disease, epilepsy (particularly in Cockatoos and African Grays), and blindness.
As a final word, our pets give us unstinted affection and companionship. For most of us, they are like family members. Don't you think we owe them the responsibility of giving them a balanced, nutritious diet to improve the quality of their lives?
Health benefits
Organic chicken
Organic meat
Organic dairy
Organic baby food
Organic food standards


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Union busting
Union busting is a range of activities undertaken to disrupt or prevent the formation of trade unions or their attempts to grow their membership in a workplace.
Union busting tactics can refer to both legal and illegal activities, and can range anywhere from subtle to violent.
Labor laws differ greatly from country to country in both level and type of regulations in respect to their protection of unions, their organizing activities, as well as other aspects. These laws can affect topics such as posting notices, organizing on or off employer property, solicitations, card signing, union dues, picketing, work stoppages, striking and strikebreaking, lockouts, termination of employment, permanent replacements, automatic recognition, derecognition, ballot elections, and employer-controlled trade unions.[1]
Article 23 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) declares that everyone has a right to form and/or join a trade union.[2] The provision is, however, not legally binding and has, in most jurisdictions, no horizontal effect in the legal relation between employer and employees or unions.
There are many labor relations consultancies in the United States and worldwide. They specialize in industries such as entertainment (radio, television and motion picture), hospitality (culinary and food service), communications, manufacturing, aerospace, utilities, and healthcare. Although many operate only in the United States, trade union organizing takes place multi-nationally. According to the AFL-CIO, "one of the largest U.S. firms, Labor Relations Institute (LRI),[3] offers a "Guaranteed Winner Package": if the corporation doesn't "win", it doesn't pay.[4] In both the U.S. and Europe, organizing campaigns increasingly involve immigrant non-English speaking workers. Internationally, compliance with labor laws within developed countries can be vastly different from emerging countries. Both trade union organizers and management must know the law and avoid unfair labor practice (ULP) charges.
Application and adherence to labor laws may differ worldwide, but labor laws continue to expand into new countries such as the Labour Law of the People's Republic of China and the Indian labour law. Trade union organizing often starts with workers who are untrained or unaware of labour law. Due to the changing global and multinational employment environment and labor relations/employment laws, the modern labor movement turns more and more to professional guidance. Internationally, laws differ in how a bargaining unit is defined for workers with job descriptions involving supervision or management. Because the operative word is "law", trade unions and workplaces may retain legal counsel to navigate the complexities of local and/or international labor laws in order to avoid unfair labor practice charges.
- 1 History
- 2 Labor attorneys and consultancies
- 3 Use of public funds in the United States
- 4 Industrial psychologists as union busters
- 5 Anti-union employers' organizations in the United States
- 6 Guide to modern union busting
- 7 See also
- 8 References
- 9 External links
Great BritainEdit
Following the repeal of the Combination Laws in 1824, workers were no longer prohibited from forming labor organizations or collective bargaining, although significant restrictions remained. In 1832 the Friendly Society of Agricultural Labourers was formed in Dorset to challenge declining wages. The members of the organization agreed to only work for wages greater than a certain amount. In 1834 a landlord complained, and key members were charged and convicted under laws prohibiting the swearing of secret oaths. The sentence of seven years penal transportation to Australia prompted a movement to defend the members, known as the Tolpuddle Martyrs (referring to the village where the organization originated), who were eventually released in 1836 and 1837.[5]
Presently, UK labor laws are defined within the Employment Relations Act 1999 (ERA) and the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992, and give workers no right to strike[citation needed]. One of the most significant cases of mass-dismissals in the UK occurred in 2005, involving the termination of over 600 Gate Gourmet workers at Heathrow Airport, which was viewed by some as a union busting tactic and caused a great deal of media scrutiny. The terminations prompted a walkout by British Airways ground staff that paralysed flights and stranded thousands of travellers in the UK.[6][7] The BBC reported that Andy Cook, Gate Gourmet's director of human resources at the time, said "the company had not been looking to cut the size of the protests, only stop the minority engaged in harassment."[8] Cooke continues to direct labor relations activities from his U.K. labor relations consultancy.[9]
In the UK and EU, trade union opposition may occur during automatic recognition campaigns and ballot elections. Workers in the UK may have union memberships that they retain job to job, potentially resulting in workers for the same employer having different union memberships. When a union is seeking to gain control of the collective bargaining at a place of employment without a ballot, workers with either individual and/or different union memberships working for that same employer may oppose that union.
Consultation is the process by which management and employees (or their representatives) jointly examine and discuss issues of mutual concern. It involves seeking acceptable solutions to problems through an exchange of views and information. Consultation does not remove the right of managers to manage, but it does impose an obligation that the views of employees be sought and considered before decisions are taken. The Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS), is the UK government's independent agency for advice and conciliation. Although the Trade Union Congress (TUC) and their member unions oppose the use of consultancies during recognition campaigns, calling it a union busting tactic, ACAS takes a different stance, "Employee communications and consultation are the lifeblood of any business.[10] which "aims to improve organizations and working life through better employment relations".[11]
Derecognition of a trade union, while legal, may be referred to as union busting by trade unions. Derecognition must be accomplished according to statutory guidelines. Workers may derecognize a union which either no longer has support from its members, or if union membership falls below 50%. Employers may derecognize a union if they no longer employ 21 or more workers. If the Central Arbitration Committee (CAC) accepts an application, and the union in question has either lost support or the membership level falls below 50% of the workers, the CAC can declare that a derecognition ballot be held."[12]
United StatesEdit
Union busting in the United States dates at least to the 19th century, when a rapid expansion in factories and manufacturing capabilities caused a migration of workers from agricultural work to the mining, manufacturing and transportation industries. Conditions were often unsafe, women worked for lower wages than men, and child labor was rampant. Because employers and governments did little to address these issues, labor movements in the industrialized world were formed to seek better wages, hours, and working conditions. The clashes between labor and management were often adversarial and were deeply affected by wars, economic conditions, government policies, and court proceedings.
Companies may influence unions through bargaining, labor relations, and by other means, but employer-controlled unions in the United States have been outlawed since the National Labor Relations Act of 1935. The act prohibits supervisors from joining unions as well as prohibiting employers from assisting (as in the event of unions competing in the organization of a company), or dominating any labor organization.[13] Additionally, the two laws, passed in 1947 and 1959, respectively, were the Taft–Hartley Act and the Landrum–Griffin Act. These statutes guarantee the rights of private employees to form and join unions in order to bargain collectively. The vast majority of states have extended union rights to public employees.[14]
In 1962 US President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order #10988 [15] which established the right for public sector employees to form unions with certain limitations regarding collective bargaining and a special caveat making it illegal to strike (United States Code: Title 5,7311, U.S.). In 1981 the public sector union PATCO (Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization) went on strike in violation of Kennedy's executive order. President Reagan exercised his power and fired all the striking members, causing the dissolution of the union. Although the firing was legal, he was criticized by labor organizations for union busting.[16] PATCO reformed to become the National Air Traffic Controllers Association.
In the U.S., unlike the UK and several other countries, the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) provides a legally protected right for private sector employees to strike in order to gain better wages, benefits, or working conditions without the threat of termination. However, striking for economic reasons (i.e., protesting workplace conditions or supporting a union's bargaining demands) allows an employer to hire permanent replacements. If hired, the replacement worker can continue in the job, while the striking worker must wait for a vacancy. But if the strike is due to unfair labor practices, the strikers replaced can demand immediate reinstatement at the end of the strike. If a collective bargaining agreement is in effect, and it contains a "no-strike clause", a strike during the life of the contract could result in the firing of all striking employees, and the dissolution of that union. Although legal, it is viewed by labor organizations as union busting.
In Germany union busting by a specialized professional service branch is a quite recent phenomenon. In the 1990s, many American companies entered into the German market. In order to maximize the profits, many American labor practices have been implemented in German companies. The labor market "reforms" of the social-democratic/green government under chancellor Gerhard Schröder (Agenda 2010 and the so-called four Hartz-laws) reinforced this development.
First the small German union of the restaurant and food workers NGG in 1999 used the notion of union busting to characterize the practices of McDonald's in Germany to kick out employees' representative bodies (Betriebsrat) and to prevent the voting of such representative bodies. But only the study Union Busting in Deutschland (Union Busting in Germany) by Werner Rügemer and Elmar Wigand introduced the notion and presented an analysis of union busting. The study was commissioned by the largest German union, the metal workers Union IG Metall and has been published in year 2014.[17]
Rügemer and Wigand also referred in their study to US authors such as John Logan, Kate Bronfenbrenner, Martin Jay Levitt, and Joseph McCain. Subsequently, the authors published a much expanded and updated version in form of a book with the title "Die Fertigmacher. Arbeitsunrecht und die professionelle Bekämpfung der Gewerkschaften" (Union Busting. labour injustice and the professional fight against trade unions).[18] Now the notion union busting is used routinely in the media and by all German unions.
The main actors of the service industry union busting in Germany are law firms, economic detective agencies, public relations agencies, corporate foundations, corporate funded labor law institutes at universities, "yellow" and so called "christian" unions. Angloamerican law firms like Freshfields, Hogan Lovells, Littler and Allen & Overy are important actors with their German locations, as well as management consultancies such as McKinsey and Accenture.
Rügemer and Wigand defined union busting in the following sentences: "Union Busting is the purposeful application and modular combination of practices to prevent employer-independent organization and advocacy in a company. Another point is to prevent (sabotage) the industry. Union Busting is operated both to attack the achieved status quo of collectivity, participation and labor protection. As well as to end organizing efforts of employees already in the initial stage."[19]
Afterwards Rügemer and Wigand founded the non-profit association Action Against Labour Injustice. The organization works for dependent employees and in particular works-councils.[20] The target group are the people affected by union busting and other forms of work inequalities. The association helps the victims with public actions and by legal. Prominent examples for union busting in Germany are Amazon.com, Birkenstock, Legoland, Haticon, Nora Systems, United Parcel Systems, Charité/Vivantes, Neupack, Edeka, DURA Automotive Systems, Median, Maredo, H&M and OBI.
Derecognition and/or decertification of trade unionsEdit
Though legal, derecognition (UK) or decertification (US) of a trade union may be referred to as union busting by trade unions, even when it is initiated by members of the union. Derecognition/decertification must be accomplished according to statutory guidelines. Workers in the UK may derecognize a union which no longer has support from members or if union membership falls below 50%. Employers may derecognize a union if they no longer employ 21 or more workers. Generally in the UK an application for derecognition must be made to the CAC or Central Arbitration Committee which declares that a derecognition/decertification ballot election will be held.[12] However a company may decide to unilaterally derecognize, as long as it has a non-CAC recognition agreement in force.[21]
The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) in the U.S., under the NLRA, oversees the process whereby employees or someone acting on their behalf can file a petition seeking a decertification election. Once initiated, the election will determine, by majority vote, whether or not the employees wish to retain the union. Like an election petition, a petition for decertification can only be filed during certain timeframes, specifically when a contract has expired or is about to expire.[22]
In Canada all provinces have laws setting out provisions for employees to decertify unions. In most cases the governments have made it mandatory that employers post information for its employees on how to decertify the union.[23]
Labor attorneys and consultanciesEdit
Organizations retain labor/employment attorneys and consultancies based on experience, track record, language skills, and reputation. Additionally, since labor laws differ from one nation to another, an organization might also consider experience with international labor laws within multinational corporations.
When trade union organizing occurs, labor attorneys are generally contacted for advice and often turn to consultants with whom they work on a regular basis who can do supervisory training on site.[24][25] Some companies keep labor relations consultants and attorneys on retainer while others use external labor/employment lawyers and/or consultancies on an hourly per diem basis.
Many labor lawyers and consultants find clients by monitoring government offices such as the NLRB regional offices, where US trade unions are required to file RC (Representation Certification) or RD (Representation Decertification) petitions which are public record.[26] These petitions reveal the names of organizations undergoing concerted activity and the name of the union seeking recognition or an election.[27] These petitions are also used by organizations to conduct demographic studies of concerted activity regionally in order to prepare supervisory training in anticipation of organizing. Some companies maintain libraries and offer petition logs online as a courtesy for companies which cannot conduct the research themselves.[28][29]
Similarly, UK trade unions are required by the ERA 1999 to adhere to specific procedures regarding trade union recognition, such as filing a "Letter of Intent" to the CAC,[30] which simultaneously notifies not only the CAC but the employer as well. The filing then becomes public record which labor lawyers and consultancies can access in order to market their services.
Unions as union bustersEdit
The International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT), as an employer, refused to negotiate in 2011 with a group of its own union organizer employees who voted to form a union called the Federation of Agents and International Representatives (FAIR).[citation needed] On 29 August 2012, after being found guilty of unlawfully union busting their own employees' union, the IBT posted a notice [31] that, according to an agreement approved by a regional director of the Obama administration's NLRB, that they would stop union busting. The notice assures Teamster employees that they will no longer be prevented from exercising their rights.
In an action involving the Retail Clerks International Association (RCIA, a part of the AFL-CIO), they lost their case when the NRLB found that the RCIA violated the NRLA by refusing to bargain with the representative of certain of its employees and by threatening employees with loss of their jobs unless they resigned from the union. The Board further found that the RCIA had violated Section 8(a) (1) by engaging in coercive conduct with respect to certain of its own employees.[32]
In the book "Labor Organizations as Employers: Unions Within Unions", the author explored three different unions and the struggle of their workforces to organize. Prompted largely by the same concerns which motivate employees of private and public employers to seek union protection, employees within several unions, the United Transportation Union (UTU), the Garment Workers (ILGWU), and the Textile Workers (TWUA) were thwarted in their attempts to organize.[33][34]
Another recent example of union busting tactics used by one union against the other is the SEIU vs CNA conflict, where each union was battling for the others' members. In a press release dated March 10, 2008 Andy Stern of the SEIU accused the CNA of union busting: "The California Nurses Association has launched an anti-union campaign against nurses and other healthcare employees in Ohio, seeking to derail a three-year effort by the workers to unite in District 1199 of the Service Employees International Union."[35] Central to the SEIU-CNA dispute were accusations by both organizations of raiding each other's members and campaigns, as well as disagreements about the direction of the labor movement. The SEIU is focused in its mission to organize workers at any cost, provoking criticism for its consolidation of smaller locals into mega unions.[36]
Intelligence operationsEdit
Some corporations have sought to learn of union activities by employing informants,[37][38][39] the same way that unions employ salts to infiltrate a non union organization to gather propaganda and sow discord to gain union support. A plant or salt can be used to disrupt meetings, question the legitimacy and motives of either the union or management, and report the results of the meetings to their superiors. Disruption or reporting on union meetings is illegal, but can be difficult to prove in ULP hearings.[40]
In 1980, the author of Confessions of a Union Buster, Martin J. Levitt, reported that he conducted a counter-organizing drive at a nursing home in Sebring, Ohio. He assigned confederates to scratch up cars, then blamed it on the union. Similar activities have not been reported by others, yet Levitt said that creating and exploiting a prolonged climate of fear was key for him destroying the union's credibility.[41]
In the United States, the U.S. Supreme Court has upheld the decision of the National Labor Relations Board that employer espionage or an employer's use of spies or agents within labor unions is an unfair labor practice under the Wagner Act.[42]
Legal actionsEdit
Labor consultants, union organizers, and attorneys use rules and regulations to gain control of organizing drives. Most employers oppose union plans for card check elections and employ tactics to insure secret ballot elections instead.[43] If the union focuses on one division of the company, employment lawyers may disrupt such plans and dilute the vote by petitioning the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to include other divisions. If the union seeks to include foreman or "junior supervisor" positions in a bargaining unit to increase membership, the definition of what constitutes a supervisor under the NLRA [44] will often be challenged by employment. Even the jurisdiction of the NLRB to oversee an organizing drive may be challenged. Delays can turn an organizing campaign into a protracted struggle, and according to Martin J. Levitt such battles are almost always won by management.[45]
Many of the methods for defeating unions have been practiced for a very long time. Harry Wellington Laidler wrote a book in 1913 which reported the use of delaying tactics and provocation by an undercover operative of one of the largest known agencies of the time called Corporations Auxiliary Company. They would tell prospective employers,
Once the union is in the field its members can keep it from growing if they know how, and our man knows how. Meetings can be set far apart. A contract can at once be entered into with the employer, covering a long period, and made very easy in its terms. However, these tactics may not be good, and the union spirit may be so strong that a big organization cannot be prevented. In this case our man turns extremely radical. He asks for unreasonable things and keeps the union embroiled in trouble. If a strike comes, he will be the loudest man in the bunch, and will counsel violence and get somebody in trouble. The result will be that the union will be broken up."[46]
Employers may put pressure on a union by declaring a lockout, a work stoppage in which an employer prevents employees from working until certain conditions are met. A lockout changes the psychological impact of a work stoppage and, if the company possesses information about an impending strike, can be enacted prior to the strike's implementation.[47]
Use of public funds in the United StatesEdit
Although nonprofit hospital workers were covered by the original Wagner Act of 1935, they were excluded in 1947 with the Taft-Hartley amendments. However, during the 1960s, hospital workers at nonprofit hospitals wanted to form unions in order to demand better pay and working conditions. Major American cities were also experiencing hospital strikes which raised awareness of both labor leaders and the government regarding how to continue life-sustaining patient care delivery during work stoppages.[48] Hospital workers and labor leaders petitioned the government to amend the NLRA. In 1974, under President Richard Nixon, the NRLA was amended[49] to extend coverage and protection to employees of non-profit hospitals. "When the new legislation was considered by the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, it was recognized that labor relations in the health care industry required special considerations. The Senate Labor Committee sought to fashion a mechanism which would insure that the needs of the patient would be met during contingencies arising out of labor disputes. The new law represented a sound and equitable reconciliation of these competing interests."[50]
Tax payer funds provide state treasuries the monies for public employee salaries from which public employees pay union dues. At one time state laws did not allow government contracts to provide public money to labor relations consultancies. One such law, passed in Wisconsin in 1979, was struck down by the United States Supreme Court in the decision Wisconsin Dept. of Industry v. Gould.[51] In effect, the 1986 Supreme Court decision meant that federal punishments are the maximum allowed, regardless of their limitations. Critics charged that, in effect, "federal labor law forces states to hire unionbusters."[52]
In 1998, Catholic Healthcare West, the largest private hospital chain in California and a major recipient of state Medicaid funds, conducted a campaign against the SEIU in Sacramento and Los Angeles at a cost of more than $2.6 million. After the Catholic Healthcare West campaign, the California state legislature passed a law prohibiting employers receiving more than $10,000 in state funds from engaging in anti-union activities.[53] However, the 2007 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America et al. vs. Brown, Attorney General of California et al., the court ruled 7-2 that federal labor law pre-empted a California law that limited many employers from speaking to their employees about union-related issues. Justice John Paul Stevens stated that Federal labor law had embraced "wide-open debate" about labor issues, as long as the employer did not try to coerce employees into accepting its point of view. Consequently, the state law is incompatible with federal labor law.[54]
Other efforts to restrict anti-union activities by recipients of state funds have also been struck down. A major recipient of state Medicaid funds, the Center for Cerebral Palsy in Albany, New York, hired a law firm to fight a UNITE organizing drive. In 2002 the State of New York passed a labor neutrality act prohibiting the use of taxpayer dollars for union busting. The law was passed as a direct result of the campaign against UNITE. In May 2005, a district court judge struck down the labor neutrality law in a ruling that the legal representatives of the Center for Cerebral Palsy described as "an enormous victory for employers."[53]
Industrial psychologists as union bustersEdit
Nathan Shefferman introduced some basic psychological techniques into the union avoidance industry and the complementary service of union prevention. Building upon his work, professionally trained psychologists in the 1960s began using sophisticated psychological techniques to "screen out potential union supporters, identify hotspots vulnerable to unionization, and structure the workplace to facilitate the maintenance of a non-union environment."[53] These psychologists provided companies with psychological profiles and conducted audits concerning a firm's susceptibility to unionization.[53]
Between 1974 and 1984, one firm trained over 27,000 managers and supervisors to "make unions unnecessary" and surveyed almost one million employees in 4,000 organizations.[53]
Anti-union employers' organizations in the United StatesEdit
In the United States shortly after 1900, there were few effective employers' organizations that opposed the union movement. By 1903, these organizations started to coalesce, and a national employers' movement began to exert a powerful influence on industrial relations and public affairs.[55]
For nearly a decade prior to 1903, an industrial union called the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) had been increasing in power, militancy, and radicalism in response to dangerous working conditions, the imposition of long hours of work, and what members perceived as an imperious attitude on the part of employers. In particular, members of the WFM had been outraged by employers' use of labor spies in organizing efforts such as Coeur d'Alene. The miners' frustrations had occasionally exploded in anger and violence, although they had also tried peaceful change. For example, after winning a referendum vote for the eight-hour day with support from 72 percent of Colorado's electorate, the WFM's goal of an eight-hour law was still defeated by employers and politicians.[56][57]
In 1901, angry WFM members passed a convention proclamation that a "complete revolution of social and economic conditions" was "the only salvation of the working classes."[58] Colorado employers and their supporters reacted to growing union restlessness and power in a confrontation that came to be called the Colorado Labor Wars.[59] But fear and apprehension on the part of employers, who felt unions were threatening to their businesses, were by no means limited to Colorado. Across the nation, the first elements of a network of employers' organizations that would span the coming century were just beginning to arise.
Anti-union organizations played increasingly prominent roles in American politics. In April 1903, David M. Parry spoke to the annual convention of the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM),[60] delivering a speech critical of organized labor, asserting that trade unionism and socialism differ only in method, with both aiming to deny "individual and property rights". Parry asserted the natural laws which governed the nation's economy, and he decried any interference with those laws, whether by legislative or other means. Parry asserted that the goals of the unions would inevitably lead to "despotism, tyranny, and slavery", and the "ruin of civilization."[61]
To control this threat to the status quo, Parry advised that the NAM begin organizing employers and manufacturers' associations into a great national anti-union federation. The NAM convention agreed to the recommendation, and created an employers' organizing committee with Parry in charge. Parry began the organizing effort at once.[62] The prospect of a federal eight-hour law was particularly objectionable to the NAM, which declared it a "vicious, needless, and in every way preposterous proposition."[63]
The NAM has fought against organized labor for more than a century through affiliated organizations.[64] However, the organization once sought to moderate its image. After the 1937 La Follette Committee investigated employers and their anti-union allies, uncovering widespread abuses, the NAM denounced "the use of espionage, strikebreaking agencies, professional strikebreakers, armed guards, or munitions for the purpose of interfering with or destroying the legitimate rights of labor to self organization and collective bargaining." [65] The brief nod to union rights didn't last.
Other anti-union organizations have also made vocal contributions to anti-union discourse and union busting activities. The Citizens' Alliance was an employers' organization formed early in the 1900s specifically to fight trade unions. It worked with the NAM to strengthen anti-union movements in the early 20th century in the United States.[citation needed] The Council on Union Free Environment (CUE) had the specific mission of defeating President Carter's labor law reform bill that was designed to make union-organizing efforts more successful by, among other provisions, allowing for elections to occur within 15 days of filing a petition.[64] The Labor Law Study Group, later called the Construction Users Anti-Inflation Roundtable, introduced dozens of labor law reform bills in the U.S. Congress, but their primary focus was repealing state and federal laws that established minimum wage standards on publicly funded projects. Associated Builders and Contractors (ABC)[66] is the construction industry's voice and is funded chiefly by non-union builders and related businesses and promoted the "merit shop" which sought to pay each employee according to his qualification and performance.[67] While the group insisted it was not anti-union, the system would preclude workers from exercising many of the worker-related benefits of a union.[67]
Other groups, like the National Right to Work Committee, has lobbied for laws prohibiting the union shop. Similarly, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce's core purpose is to fight for free enterprise before Congress, the White House, regulatory agencies, the courts, the court of public opinion, and governments around the world and has actively lobbied against the Employee Free Choice Act.[68] The NLPC[69] makes a case for the end of the use of union dues for political purposes. The Center for Union Facts maintains an anti-union website that provides financial and other records about unions.
Guide to modern union bustingEdit
Nathan Shefferman published The Man in the Middle, a 292-page account of his union busting activities, in 1961. Shefferman described a long list of practices which he viewed as tangential to union avoidance activities but which his detractors have labeled as support operations for these activities. Among these were the administration of opinion surveys, supervisor training, employee roundtables, incentive pay procedures, wage surveys, employee complaint procedures, personnel records, application procedures, job evaluations, and legal services. As part of his union busting strategies, all of these activities were performed with the goal of maintaining complete control of the work force by top management. Shefferman's book not only provided the concepts that animated all future union busting techniques, he also provided language that pro-labor supporters believe mask the intent of the policies.[70]
See alsoEdit
- Anti-union violence
- Anti-union organizations in the United States
- Confessions of a Union Buster
- Damnation (TV series)
- Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948
- Grabow riot
- History of union busting in the United States
- Martin J. Levitt
- Mohawk Valley formula
- Opposition to trade unions
- Right-to-work law
- Salt (union organizing)
- Union organizer
- Union threat model
- Union violence
- Union wage premium
- Wal-Mart
- Whole Foods Market
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- ^ "Associated Builders and Contractors - National Office > ABC". www.abc.org. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
- ^ a b Confessions of a Union Buster, Martin Jay Levitt, 1993, page 146.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on December 5, 2008. Retrieved January 18, 2009.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 14, 2008. Retrieved January 18, 2009.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ Confessions of a Union Buster, Martin Jay Levitt, 1993, page 38-39.


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Comments are a great way for an article to grow into a discussion. I do enjoy when people choose to speak up about articles I write, but to ensure that your comment makes the most impact (and is approved), please read these simple recommendations.
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- Email Privacy: Email addresses are required for commenting, and they are not published nor shared. However, they may be used by the me to privately contact the commenter.
- Commenter Privacy and Protection: All email, snail mail, phone numbers, and any private and personal information posted in any comment will be deleted as soon as possible to protect the privacy of the commenter. To prevent such editing, never share this private information within the comment.
- Language and Manners: this site and blog is read by my niece. Well, not really, but act like it is! Any comments which include offensive or inappropriate language, or considered by me to be rude and offensive, will be edited or deleted. Play nice!
- A Comment is Conversation: A comment which does not add to the conversation, runs of on an inappropriate tangent, or kills the conversation may be edited, moved, or deleted. Furthermore, please comment only on the article the subject of the comment pertains to. If there is not one, simply contact me instead.
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Thank you for reading the comment policy, now please feel free to start a discussion!


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Tiger Line Reverse Geocoder
June 25, 2006
We are testing two new reverse geocoding webservices.
The 'find nearest address' web service finds the nearest street for a given point, determines whether the point is on the left or the right side of the street and interpolates the street number. The service then returns street name, street number, distance between the given point and the nearest point on the street in kilometres, county and state.
The 'find nearest intersection' web service finds the nearest street for a given point, then it finds the nearest intersection of this street. It returns the nearest street, the street intersecting with this street at the next intersection, the distance between intersection and the given point in kilometres, county and state.
Both web services are using the so called 'Tiger Line' data set from the US census and are only available in the US. The quality and accuracy of the dataset can be visualized on a google maps tiger line mashup. Click on the map to see the closest street segments with street number on the left and right hand side of the segments. A further click on the street name will display the segment as a maps overlay:
RSS to GeoRSS
June 7, 2006
After a month of testing with many bug fixes and considerable accuracy improvements the RSS to GeoRSS converter is officially released today. There is still a lot of room for improvement and we will continue to work on it, but we think it has now reached a sufficient level of accuracy to be released.
A number of Bloggers have already written about this new service. Here a list of some of them :


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Peppa Pig - The Secret Club
Series Final!
Children'sRepeatClosed Captions AvailableRated: G5 mins
10:10am Saturday, December 15 2012
Peppa Pig - Series 4, Episode 14 - The Secret Club
Series Synopsis
The pre-school adventures of a cheeky and slightly bossy little pig called Peppa, who lives with her mummy and daddy and little brother George. Sometimes these adventures involve a few tears but they always end happily.
Episode Synopsis
Episode 14 - The Secret Club
Suzy and Peppa start a Secret Club - going on secret missions, and doing secret things. In secret. But soon everyone wants to join!
Previous Episode Synopsis
Episode 03 - Doctor Hamster's Tortoise
Doctor Hamster the vet comes to Peppa's playgroup to show the children her pets.
Future Episodes
- 7:20am Monday, December 17 (R)
- 7:20am Tuesday, December 18 (R)
- 7:20am Wednesday, December 19 (R)
- 7:20am Thursday, December 20 (R)
- 7:20am Friday, December 21 (R)
- 7:20am Saturday, December 22 (R)
- 7:20am Sunday, December 23 (R)
- 5:15pm Sunday, December 23 (R)


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Graphic Design Companies in Church Stretton
List of Church Stretton based agencies offering offering professional web, print advertising (brochure, leaflet, flyer) and corporate brand identity graphic design services.
Business Listings
Salop Creative is a design and photography agency... With a wealth of industry experience and an abundance of commercial, marketing and financial knowledge our aim is to develop exciting, creative ideas that not only look great, but increase the value of your business.
I have over 20 years graphic design and print experience with the last five as a freelancer. Quality, integrity, cost-effectiveness and speed is what I look to deliver. No handing off to account managers. One point of contact. Very competitive rates. Commitment. My clients include The Co-operative, Aldermore Bank and The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust as well as local Shropshire businesses. If you want
Graphic Design, Logo & Brand Creation, Packaging Design, Brochure & Catalogue Design, Photography, Original Art. We get to know our clients, their business, their industry. We give our clients the tools to go out and promote their business – they are then able to go out and win more clients! We work with every kind of organisation from the sole trader to large international organisations – and everyone
We are a multimedia design company offering web and graphic design, based in Church Stretton, Shropshire. With over two decades of experience, we can help you with all your graphic and web design needs. If you're after a bold and unique corporate identity, need to advertise your brand and services, or are looking to inform and inspire your potential customers with a website or promotional materials,


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'Proper' writing
- Under My Thumb: Songs That Hate Women and the Women Who Love Them (October 2017)
- Triptych: Three Studies of Manic Street Preachers' The Holy Bible (2017)
- Petticoat Heroes: Gender, Culture and Popular Protest in the Rebecca Riots (2015)
- Clampdown: Pop-Cultural Wars on Class and Gender (2013)
- 'Post-punk: New, Raw and Female', in Women Make Noise: Girl bands from Motown to the modern, ed. Julia Downes (2012)
- Does the BBC care about class? (2015)
- Occupy the Tollgates: the Rebecca riots as myth, meme and movement (2015)
- Working-class women, stereotypes and state policy (2014)
- Intersectional Feminism, Class, and Austerity (2014)
- Review, Agata Pyzik's Poor But Sexy (2014)
- Review, Alex Niven's Oasis' Definitely Maybe (2014)
- Review, Viv Albertine's Clothes Clothes Clothes, Music Music Music, Boys Boys Boys (2014)
- 'Talking Treason? John Thelwall and the Privy Council Examinations of the English Jacobins, 1794' (February 2013)
- Review, Charles Moore's Margaret Thatcher: The Authorised Biography (2013)
- 'Symbol, Ritual, and Popular Protest: the Scotch Cattle Rebranded', Welsh History Review 26:1 (June 2012)
- 'P. G. Wodehouse's American Psycho', McSweeney's Internet Tendency (May 2011)
2 comments
hello. 'proper writing' made me laugh. reminded me of mam always hopeful i might get a 'proper job'. i enjoy your blogs. thank you. kim, 53f from rhondda living in manchester.


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Zuni in Isle of Wight County, Virginia — The American South (Mid-Atlantic)
Erected 2006 by Department of Historic Resources. (Marker Number U-121.)
Location. 36° 52.03′ N, 76° 49.978′ W. Marker is in Zuni, Virginia, in Isle of Wight County. Marker is at the intersection of East Windsor Boulevard (U.S. 460) and Zuni Circle, on the right when traveling east on East Windsor Boulevard. Touch for map. Marker is in this post office area: Zuni VA 23898, United States of America. Touch for directions.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within 9 miles of this marker, measured as the crow flies. Southampton County / Isle of Wight County (about 300 feet away, measured in a direct line); Blackwater Line - Blackwater Bridge (approx. 4.7 miles away); Windsor, Virginia (approx. 6½ miles away); Seven Confederate Brothers (approx. 7 miles away); Boykin's Tavern (approx. 7.4 miles away); Isle of Wight County (approx. 7.4 miles away); Isle of Wight County Confederate Monument (approx. 7½ miles away); Sussex County / Southampton County (approx. 8.9 miles away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Zuni.
Categories. • War, US Civil •
More. Search the internet for Zuni.
Credits. This page was last revised on June 16, 2016. This page originally submitted on April 21, 2009, by Bernard Fisher of Mechanicsville, Virginia. This page has been viewed 1,965 times since then and 4 times this year. Photos: 1, 2. submitted on April 21, 2009, by Bernard Fisher of Mechanicsville, Virginia.


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'Huge year' for golf and the wider economy
as Ryder Cup and Scottish Open approach
as Ryder Cup and Scottish Open approach
By: Murdoch MacDonald
Scotland's First Minister Alex Salmond delivered a speech to the European Tour Players Awards Ceremony this week in which he highlighted the huge sporting and economic benefits of Scotland's position as the undisputed Home of Golf.
The European Tour invited the First Minister to attend as guest of honour at the Awards Ceremony in London in recognition of the Scottish Government's support for developing golf in Scotland.
The First Minister used his speech to highlight the sporting and economic successes that golf will deliver for Scotland in 2014, which include:
• This year's Scottish Open at Royal Aberdeen in July will benefit the local economy by at least £5 million and play host to some of the world's best players. After the Scottish Open was placed in considerable doubt, the future of the event was secured after a sponsorship deal was brokered between Aberdeen Asset Management and the Scottish Government in 2012.
• American TV channel NBC will provide live coverage of the Scottish Open for the second consecutive year. This makes it the first regular European Tour event to be shown live on a major US broadcast network, opening up the tournament to tens of millions of viewers.
• The Ryder Cup, widely regarded as the third biggest sporting event in the world, will be hosted at Gleneagles in September and will generate at least £100 million for the Scottish economy.
• Catriona Matthew, the first Scot to win a women's major golf championship, will defend her Ladies Scottish Open title at the Royal Archerfield Course in East Lothian in August.
• According to the latest figures by KPMG, golf tourism is worth more than £1 billion to Scotland.
• The acclaimed ClubGolf Initiative, supported by the Scottish Government and partners, has introduced over 300,000 children to the game since 2003.
The First Minister said: "Scotland is the Home of Golf, and in 2014 we are teeing up for a true golfing bonanza.
"The Scottish Open is one of the flagship events on the European Tour, as well as a jewel in the crown of the Scottish sporting calendar, attracting keen interest from golf fans across the globe. We expect a top class field at Royal Aberdeen in July as players take to one of the world's finest links course in preparation for The Open Championship the following week.
"The Scottish Open is the first regular European Tour event to be given prime-time coverage on US network television. It is a fantastic boost for Scottish golf and an incredible opportunity for us to showcase the fantastic golf on offer at Royal Aberdeen and the magnificent scenery across the country to tens of millions of US viewers.
"In September, we welcome Europe and America's best players to Gleneagles to contest The Ryder Cup, a truly massive global event, reaching more than 180 countries and half a billion homes on each day of the competition.
"These two fantastic events can only encourage more and more people around the world to play golf in Scotland, and I'm hopeful we will build on the latest figures that show golf tourism to be worth more than a staggering £1.1 billion to our economy.
"ClubGolf does a tremendous job in introducing the game to hundreds of thousands of youngsters. The Scottish Government will continue to support this wonderful programme to get a club into the hands of girls and boys across the country, laying the foundations for a love of the sport and Scotland's incredible courses.
"2014 will clearly be a special year for sport in Scotland and we will build on this with some exciting announcements in the weeks to come. What is certain is that everyone in this country can look forward to a bright and exciting future for Scottish golf."


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lillebaby EuroTote - 40% off - This Weekend Only!!!! @ Scandinavian ChildSaturday, February 12, 2011
The sale will run Friday at 12 until Monday at 12.
This week's deal is on the EuroTote. I LOVE mine and will be reviewing it right here at Wishing Penny.
40% this weekend only.
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text: Has the thought ever crossed your mind to do yoga only to be quickly swept away with the thought of you throwing your back out trying to stand on your head or twisting yourself into a pretzel? I was among one of those intimidated skeptics feeling like yoga was meant for those who were flexible, in shape, and had some crazy degree of patience that I would never have. Over the past few months my wife and I have added yoga into our...Read More


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Survivor's Jeff Varner is 'Devastated' Over Outing Zeke Smith
Jeff Varner, the Survivor contestant who outed fellow castaway Zeke Smith during last night's episode, is speaking out.
He did his exit interviews this morning and was emotional and apologetic.
"I have apologized to him. We've spoken several times on the phone. He continually forgives me," Jeff told EW. "I'm amazed and moved by his ability to do that. I know that forgiveness is difficult. I know he has a lot of people in his ear. I know that watching this last night was traumatic, not only for me and my family. I can only imagine what it was like for him and his friends. I hurt him."
"I will say that I have spent 10 months stewing in this awful, horrible mistake I made," Jeff said. "I have been through I don't now how much therapy with the show's therapist, with a local therapist, I have met with and spoken to several LGBT organizations, I have joined the board of a couple of them, I joined a national study on outness. This has changed me drastically. But I don't want to spend two minutes talking about my experience because this isn't about me. This is about Zeke. And I can only profusely apologize."
Jeff added, "And if I can deliver any message to anybody it's that we should never out or marginalize a trans person. It stigmatizes them. It shames them, It pushes them back into the shadows which is the opposite of what we need. We are forcing them as a society to not be their themselves."


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the Travel Enthusiast
- 28 Jul
Edina in Travel Planning | 1 COMMENT
What to do and where to go on the Yucatan Peninsula
If we were to define the Yucatan Peninsula in a rather simplistic and crass way, we could say that it is that part of Mexico where Cancun and the Maya pyramids are. Of course, saying something like this would be an insult to the complexity of the peninsula's culture, heritage and people, but there is a grain of truth in it. Yucatan is straddling the border between the modern and luxurious (Cancun being the perfect example) and the heritage of the Maya ancestors, with a pinch of old colonial vestiges thrown in. These components make Yucatan a fascinating place, and much more than the sum of its parts. So here's what you can expect to find in Yucatan, resorts and ruins notwithstanding.
Colonial cities
The best examples of this are Merida (the capital of Yucatan state) and Campeche. Merida has been the cultural and economic hub of the peninsula since the times of the Spanish Conquest. Merida is teeming with beautiful colonial buildings, narrow cobbled streets, and lots and lots of great traditional restaurants. Moreover, it is close to both the ruins of Mayapan (40 km) and Chichen Itza.
El Paseo Montejo is the most popular street in the city, lined with trees, street-side cafes and restaurants and food vendors (the tamales bough on the street are sometimes better than the ones in restaurants). Campeche is similar in style to Merida, with countless amazing colonial buildings and a healthy dose of well-preserved Maya ruins. Other cities of interest: Izamal, Valladolid, Chetumal.
Maya Ruins
While Mayapan and Chichen Itza are the best known of all the Yucatan ruins, there are hordes of other ruins scattered all over the peninsula. The island of Cozumel is chiefly knows for the beach resorts, but there is a wide array of Maya ruins inland, for example at San Gervasio or El Cedral.
Tulum and Mahahual cannot quite qualify as resort town, despite the beautiful beach setting, so if you want to avoid the bustle of fellow tourists and want to visit some Maya ruins at the same time, they are the place to go.
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- Flights
- Hotels
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Ecological Parks
Xharet, Xel-Ha, Isla Contoy, Bahia de Cetuma and Calakmul are only a few of the nature reserves in Yucatan. The natural wonders of Yucatan are countless and much appreciated by the locals, who keep them well protected. You can hike through these parks on your own or as part of a group. Snorkeling and scuba diving are popular all along the costs, as well as other water sports.
Chinchorro Reef and Cenote Azul are great for diving, and there are several places in the neighbourhood where you can go bird or animal-watching. Most of these parks and protected beaches are located in the state of Quintana Roo, where the major resorts of the Mayan Riviera are also located, but natural beauty and tourist-y commercialims are merely the two sides of a coin in Yucatan.
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Comments on What to do and where to go on the Yucatan PeninsulaEnter your comment below, or trackback from your own blog. You can also subscribe to these comments via RSS
Laura Gillis wrote on March 17, 2011:
Here's a great story on Mexico's Yucatan I came across: Barcelo Maya Beach Mexico's YucatanLeave a comment:


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Anyadike-Danes, Michael, Athayde, Rosemary, Blackburn, Robert, Hart, Mark, Kitching, John, Smallbone, David and Wilson, Nick (2008) The impact of regulation on small business performance: report for the Enterprise Directorate of BERR. (Project Report) London, U.K. : Department of Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform. 138 p.Full text not available from this archive.
Official URL: http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file46001.doc
|Item Type:
|Monograph (Project Report)
|Additional Information:
|Unique Reference Number (URN): 08/806
|Faculty, School or Research Centre:
|Faculty of Business and Law (until 2017)
Faculty of Business and Law (until 2017) > Small Business Research Centre
|Depositing User:
|Robert Elves
|Date Deposited:
|16 Apr 2010 10:56
|Last Modified:
|07 Jun 2013 10:38
Actions (Repository Editors)
|Item Control Page


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The Midnight Fox Room is now an integral part of Blend Café & Pizza Bar and makes the perfect function venue.
With a Full restaurant liquor license allowing service of alcohol both with and without meals, The Midnight Fox at Blend Café & Pizza Bar is now the ideal spot for your next gathering
With evening access available from Blend, The Fox Room is ideal for larger bookings and private functions, but also offers great flexibility for that quieter and more private bookings.
No matter what the occasion, if it's live music or that intimate dinner date, The Fox is sure to please


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All About BTC, LTC, ETH, ZEC mining as well as other alternative crypto currencies
The cpuminer-opt is an optimized CPU miner (source) forked from cpuminer-multi, but with added optimizations for many algorithms for use with the more recent CPUs supporting the AES-NI instruction set, though the miner also works on older SSE2 capable CPUs with lower performance. Up until recently the cpuminer-opt was available only for Linux users, but starting from version 3.3 there is also Windows support and we have compiled 64-bit binaries of the miner for Windows for the latest released version 3.3.5. Joblo, the person behind the project, has been quite active with the development lately fixing some issues with AES-NI support and we have been compiling all the new updates, so we have decided to post the latest one for everyone that is mining HODL, ESP, XRE or another recent altcoin with a new algorithm.
In the archive below you can find multiple executable files that are compiled for different CPU architectures that support AES-NI instructions, so you are welcome to try them and if your processor does not have support AES-NI, then you might want to use the cpuminer-sse2.exe binary. The default cpuminer.exe is compiled for Intel Westmere, the first Intel architecture that has support for the AES-NI instruction set and cpuminer-amd.exe is bdver1 which should work on all AMD processors with AES-NI support. If you have a more recent Intel Sandybridge, Ivybridge, Haswell or Broadwell-based processor you can try the respective binary to see if that will squeeze some extra performance, or you can compile directly on your PC with the native instruction set supported by your CPU.
– To download and try the cpuminer-opt 3.3.5 CPU miner 64-bit Windows binaries…


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Just a friendly FYI: It's Queens (indicating plural-no apostrophe) not Queen's (the apostrophe indicates possessive)…same for Kings vs King's. Dope shirt aside from the typo.
Hey Salena,
Being that the crown is a symbol and not a word the apostrophe connects the crown and the S. Visually it looks better and makes it easier on the eye to read. Thank you for your input. You're not the first one to bring this up.


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Last night I switched on BBC TWO's "What's The Right Diet For You? A Horizon Special". I was expecting the usual 'which diet' debate; Weight Watchers vs 5:2, Paleo vs Slimming World, but the concept turned out to be quite different. Instead, the programme examined the psychological issues behind obesity, an area of study which has long been neglected. The experts sought to debunk the myth that obesity issues can be solved with increased willpower and instead they focussed on the theory that bad diets are caused by bad habits. They wanted to prove that these bad habits could be broken by matching overweight participants with the diet that suited them best.
The participants were put through extensive tests and split into three groups, based on the psychological factors that were deemed to be making them fat. Originally I tuned in out of interest, but very soon I found myself identifying clearly with one of the categories.
The Feasters
Once they've started eating members of this group find it hard to stop. At a sushi buffet one participant who fell into this category ate 19 plates of sushi, when the normal portion was considered to be between 5 and 6 plates. Scientific tests showed that the Feasters' gut hormones were failing to tell them when they were feeling full. This group was prescribed a high protein, low GI diet. The diet, often favoured by nutritionists and dieticians as a long term strategy, is a bastion of common sense. The high levels of protein will help fill the Feasters up.
The Emotional Eaters
The Emotional Eaters eat in response to stress. Members of this group use food to cope with stressful events, like a bad day at work or the strains of family life. The best diet for Emotional Eaters? The experts say it's a calorie controlled diet. It's probably the diet requiring the most willpower, but the experts decided that a calorie controlled regime gave the emotional eaters the best chance of breaking their bad habits.
The Constant Cravers
Are you constantly thinking about food? Do you always feel hungry? Are you reaching for snacks not long after you've finished your meals? Then you're a Constant Craver. Despite being given a perfectly adequate meal this group were still craving sweet snacks just two hours later. Their genes may play a role in their constant hunger. The diet prescribed for this group was intermittent fasting, more commonly known as the 5:2 diet.


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I am creating a landing page for guests to RSVP. I want to put the link on the printed invitations so they can go online to RSVP. How do I get a url for that and is it an easy enough one people can type it in?
Go to Solution.
Hi @JasonG448
Thanks for bringing your question to the community! It sounds like you need a URL shortener. This is a service that takes a long URL like an event URL and makes it smaller and easier to share. Some of them will even let you customize your shortened URL to make it even easier to share and remember. If you do an internet search for "Url Shortener" you should be able to find several providers that will help you shorten your links. Just paste in the event URL from your event dashboard and you should be good to go!
Nate M. Community SupportIf you find my post helpful, and it answers your question, please mark it as an "Accepted Solution" by clicking the Accept as Solution button in the bottom right hand corner of this post.Increase your profitability by integrating your email marketing and social media. Download this guide and learn how you can achieve great results with email marketing and social media combined!


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Hear 15 Seconds of New Music from Kanye West's YEEZUS
If you head on over to Kanye West's website, you'll see the confirmed, minimalist artwork for Yeezus and if you roll over that shimmering CD and unadorned jewel case, you'll be greeted by two things.
First, you'll see confirmation that Yeezus will in fact be released on June 18th. Hallelujah. Then you'll hear a painfully short snippet of soulful new music that appears to be on the album. (Literally on the album.)
Continuing this exercise of withholding, the short sound bite doesn't feature Kanye at all. Not to mention it sounds like the polar opposite of "New Slaves" and "Black Skin Head," naturally.
Because there's little else to share, revisit Kanye's blistering SNL performance of "Black Skin Head" below:


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Solo Holidays Search
Holidays for Single Travellers
Would you like to travel on your own in a group of like-minded solo travellers?
We have a great choice of solo holidays for single travellers to destinations within the UK and abroad. When you book a solo traveller holiday, you join a relaxed and friendly group tour of other solo holidaymakers of all ages and interests. Whether you prefer to travel by coach, air, rail or river cruise you'll find many holidays tailored to your comfort. Singles holidays for over 50s are also available and usually No single supplement is required. Search for singles holidays now or call us to find out more offers and make a booking today!
Coach Holidays for Singles - our selection
Leger Holidays for Single Travellers
To meet the demand on the ever-growing market to cater for single travellers, Leger Holidays has a specially-designed holidays for individuals traveling independently or with friends. These great collection of Single Traveller holidays feaure a whole host of benefits: