text: Shane Stewart and Brian Brown are tied for the lead in the Mr. Sprint Car Award. Both have won each of the first two nights of Southern Iowa Sprint Week and have gained 50 points. Johnny Herrera and Dustin Selvage are tied for second with 49 while Randy Hannagan and Chad Humston are next with 48 points. Mr. Sprint Car is awarded to the driver to scores the most points during the ten-day Southern Iowa Sprint Week that combines 410, 360, and non-wing sprint car racing.


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DORAL, FL (WSVN/CNN) – A McDonald's employee has been hailed as a hero for helping an off-duty police officer in medical distress, and the incident was caught on surveillance video.
"I never panicked. I never panicked at all," said Pedro Viloria. "My brain was on hero mode. Totally."
Viloria, 22, served one heck of a Happy Meal on Tuesday morning at the McDonald's where he works.
"I thought immediately, 'Something's going wrong with that woman now, and I've got to do something to help her,'" he said.
He was working the drive-thru when an off-duty Miami-Dade officer pulled through with her kids. She was having a medical emergency, and Viloria didn't hesitate to help.
He hopped out of the window and ran to her car, where she had lost consciousness.
The officer was taken to an area hospital, where she is listed in critical condition. No one has publicly revealed what caused the medical emergency.
"Her kids were screaming, like, 'Mother, mother! Stop it! Mother, what are you doing?'" he said.
Another camera shows what appears to be the officer's car rolling forward. Inside, an off-duty Miami-Dade Fire-Rescue officer also was at the McDonald's.
He ran to assist the officer, too, but it was Viloria who alerted everyone.
"I thought if these kids lose their mother today, that's going to be tragic," Viloria said.
Thanks to his quick actions, that didn't happen.
"It is what a hero does," he said. "If I needed to die to save that woman, I would have done it."


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HOLLY HANSON. "Stolen People & Autonomous Chiefs in Nineteenth-Century Buganda: The Social Consequences of Non-Free Followers." In Slavery in the Great Lakes Region of East Africa, edited by Henri Médard and Shane Doyle, 161-173. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2007.
MICHAEL W. TUCK. "Women's Experiences of Enslavement & Slavery in Late Nineteenth- & Early Twentieth-Century Uganda." In Slavery in the Great Lakes Region of East Africa, edited by Henri Médard and Shane Doyle, 174-188. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2007.
The readings for this week are the first in a series of two case studies on specific regions of East Africa in the nineteenth century. East Africa is an area that includes Mozambique and the Great Lakes Region. Situated on the western Indian Ocean, this area corresponds to the present-day coasts of Mozambique, Tanzania, and southeastern Kenya, as well as Madagascar and various nearby islands like Comoros, Mayotte, Réunion, and Mauritius. The area also includes many hinterland regions of Eastern Africa, such as present-day Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda. The readings assigned for this week are two selected chapters from an edited volume by Henri Médard and Shane Doyle entitled Slavery in the Great Lakes Region of East Africa. They are both about slavery in Uganda in the nineteenth century.
Hanson's "Stolen People & Autonomous Chiefs in Nineteenth-Century Buganda"
In this piece, Hanson explores the social consequences of a new form of chiefship emerging in the Kingdom of Buganda, located in the present-day nation of Uganda. She explores this subject from its probable origins in the mid-eighteenth century under King Namugala to the early colonial period. This new form of chiefship was known as ekitongole in the singular and ebitongole in the plural. Essentially, these ebitongole are organized, specialized, and institutionalized groups of non-free war captives (read: slaves) that were acquired in Buganda's wars of imperial expansion. These wars went on from about the late-seventeenth through the nineteenth century. The ebitongole were a way to organize the labor of war captives on new and unoccupied land. This form of labor organization was fundamentally different from the ways that labor had been structured previously. Rather than Baganda followers being named after chiefs or significant historical events, the ebitongole were named for the type of labor that they were expected to perform, whether that be clearing forests, hunting animals to protect local communities, making war, gathering ivory, growing provisions for the caravan trade, or engaging in some other form of work entirely.
Hanson argues that the ebitongole profoundly destabilized the Buganda Kingdom by breaking down the social order that had prevailed before their creation. The ebitongole challenged prior social structures in several key ways. First, chiefs had previously competed against one another to obtain followers, and they did so by appealing to the recognized prestige of the kabaka or Buganda King. Now, however, the chiefs did not have to compete for the kabaka's authority since they had less of a need to obtain the allegiance of free followers. Likewise, the kabaka were no longer reliant on labor tribute from the chiefs because they had their own ebitongole. Meanwhile, the ebitongole undermined established traditions of gift exchange between the chiefs and the kabaka, and hurt the kabaka's ability to maintain the kingdom's balance of power through distributing land. The erosion of these reciprocal relationships between the kabaka and chiefs is epitomized by the high turnover rate of kabaka between 1670 and 1812, as well as the proliferation of new chiefs at the expense of those who traditionally held land. Lastly, since the rise of the ebitongole made Buganda chiefs less dependent on having free followers, they also eroded the status of free or ordinary Ganda citizens. Everyday people had less of an ability to leverage political allegiance to their social advantage.
According to Hanson, the rise of the ebitongole coincides with sources that attest to escalating violence in the Buganda Kingdom. "Nineteenth-century visitors to Buganda," she explains, "observed a kind of daily coercive violence which suggests a social order falling apart."[1] In addition, she notes throughout the piece that the social changes that accompanied the rise of the ebitongole were particularly devastating to women; however, she unpacks this statement in only a paragraph. Apparently, the rise of ebitongole coincided with a dramatic rise in the number of non-free women in Buganda, particularly those who became attached to the palace.[2] Hanson proclaims that "stolen women" in ebitongole also increased the rate that polygamy was practiced. Hanson closes this chapter by noting that the ebitongole begun to change by the reign of Kabaka Mwanga (1886-1897).[3] At this time, the kabaka was forced to recognize the power of young and armed men who were essentially managing their ebitongole as private armies. Ebitongole began taking in free people of Buganda, while also raiding other local people to sell them into the slave trade. By this time, the social decline of the Buganda Kingdom had become far more complete. "Extraction of wealth through violence," Hanson concludes, "became the primary activity of ebitongole."[4]
Essentially, Hanson's chapter is a case study about how the rise of a new form of domestic slavery, derived from imperial conquest, can erode traditional social structures while perpetuating violence and insecurity. A few criticisms I have about the chapter are the following: Hanson offers no background on these wars of expansion that she mentions periodically. I felt that a brief summary of these wars would have gone a long way to explaining the historical origins of the ebitongole. On that note, I am still confused about exactly when the ebitongole emerge, what sources we can use to make that judgement (dynastic histories?), and how we measure rates of violence before the era of Mwanga? Is this only oral tradition before the nineteenth century? Next, the chapter does not give us any information about who "ordinary" Baganda people are or who the non-free captives and slaves are that form the ebitongole. Hanson does not discuss where these people came from or who is capturing them. Finally, I do not think Hanson paid enough attention to women, considering the fact that she repeatedly mentions how their social status decreased. In reading the introduction to this essay, I got the impression that it would include a detailed discussion of women.
Tuck's "Women's Experiences of Enslavement & Slavery"
In this piece, Tuck explores both the role of female slavery and women's experiences with enslavement in Buganda society throughout the late nineteenth century. He does so by introducing a new data set: descriptions of the lives of 55 women from Buganda, written up by Catholic priests from Saint Joseph's Foreign Missionary Society on the occasion of the women's baptisms.[5] While Tuck admits the sources have their limitations, he claims that they "give us the best view we have of women's actual lives in slavery."[6] For example, the records allow us to estimate the ages, names, places of origin, methods of enslavement, number of enslavements, numbers of children, and marriage statuses for many of the women. They also contain short narrations about the women's backgrounds. These narrations make it possible for Tuck to draw conclusions about women's experiences and compare them with claims made in the secondary literature. They also make it possible for Tuck to find patterns of enslavement for women in Buganda during the late-nineteenth century, and to form a more clear picture of what enslavement meant for Baganda during this time.
Tuck draws two sets of conclusions from studying his data set. The first has to do with the experience of enslavement for women and girls, and the second has to do with the many meanings of female enslavement in Buganda as a whole. For the first set, Tuck concludes that enslaved girls and women were treated as interchangeable objects. They were sometimes transferred many times and were enslaved and exchanged for a variety of reasons. Typically, slavers expected them to live as household domestics, responsible for cultivating and cooking food, and not as legitimate wives or "slave wives." Enslaved women were not necessarily used for sex, and Tuck says "concubines" is not an accurate descriptor.[7] Women from Tuck's dataset showed almost no obvious commonalities and evidence for their assimilation with their new cultures was low. From this as well as other evidence, Tuck says that female enslavement was pervasive and, "for women of the region the late nineteenth century was a time of widespread vulnerability and dependence."[8] Whether kidnapped, bartered, sold, pawned, gifted, or inherited, enslaved women and girls found themselves in foreign places and in strange relationships. Usually, they were without the benefit of traditional modes of social power such as the dowry, the recognition of formal marriage, or kinship networks.
Tuck's second set of conclusions refers to the role of female enslavement in Buganda more generally. Tuck concludes, "Ultimately women were the social glue that bound men to one another in patron-client relationships, and also which bound families, clans and lineages to one another."[9] In other words, female slavery was central to Buganda at this period. Not only does Tuck conclude that "men did not willingly live without women," but males also established and maintained social bonds through the gifting or exchange of female slaves. Tuck shows that female slavery overlapped with patron-client systems. In fact, systems of female enslavement bolstered the patron-client order because subordinates and superiors could mutually affirm their obligations by exchanging women. Moreover, most slave deals in Buganda were conducted between private individuals rather than at public slave markets, further supporting Tuck's idea that female slavery was a primary mechanism for maintaining personal relationships.[10] Finally, Tuck's work supports Hanson's findings that the the 1880s was a period of heightened violence in Buganda. The large number of women who were stolen by individual raiders, instead of royal war parties, testifies to "the lawlessness of the border areas" and the newfound freedom chiefs had to pillage these areas with impunity.[11]
Overall, these chapters by Hanson and Tuck reveal that systems of slavery in Buganda had undergone drastic change by the end of the nineteenth century. Slavery in Buganda was not a static institution before the colonial period began. Rather, slavery became more ubiquitous and its structure both shaped and was shaped by the erosion of centralized political authority. As female slavery expanded, long-distance trade networks became more and more prevalent in the region, and whole new communities of enslaved laborers such as the ebitongole emerged, older notions of social and political control also disintegrated. The kabaka, the chiefs, and these enslaved women and girls all had at least one thing in common: by the late-nineteenth century, they were realizing that the social practices upon which Buganda society had long been based were beginning to fail them.
[1] Holly Hanson, "Stolen People & Autonomous Chiefs in Nineteenth-Century Buganda: The Social Consequences of Non-Free Followers," in Slavery in the Great Lakes Region of East Africa, edited by Henri Médard and Shane Doyle (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2007), 169.
[2] Ibid. 166.
[3] Ibid. 170.
[4] Ibid. 170.
[5] Michael W. Tuck, "Women's Experiences of Enslavement & Slavery in Late Nineteenth- & Early Twentieth-Century Uganda," in Slavery in the Great Lakes Region of East Africa, edited by Henri Médard and Shane Doyle (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2007), 174.
[6] Ibid. 174.
[7] Ibid. 181.
[8] Ibid. 185.
[9] Ibid. 183.
[10] Ibid. 179.
[11] Ibid. 177.


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JOHANNESBURG (AFP) - Eight classic matches between India and Pakistan ahead of their Champions Trophy clash on Saturday: INDIA March 4, 1992, Sydney India win by 43 runs At the World Cup, Javed Miandad was a photographers' delight when he jumped up and down in imitation of Indian wicket-keeper Kiran More's constant appealing. The 43-run defeat at Sydney did not affect Pakistan's chances as they rallied from the brink to win the Cup under Imran Khan's inspirational leadership. March 9, 1996, Bangalore India win by 39 runs Pakistan's 39-run defeat in the World Cup quarter-final had been preceded by captain and Wasim Akram pulling out with an injury. Chasing a 288-run target, Pakistan were 113-1 before Aamir Sohail was bowled for 55 to become one of Venkatesh Prasad's three victims. June 8, 1999, Old Trafford India win by 47 runs World Cup match at Old Trafford took place amid the 1999 Kargil conflict in Kashmir. Prasad tormented Pakistan again claiming five wickets to help India win by 47 runs in a Super Sixes fixture. March 1, 2003, Centurion India win by six wickets The 2003 Cup match was dubbed as a duel between Sachin Tendulkar of India and Pakistani paceman Shoaib Akhtar. Tendulkar smashed a robust 98 before becoming the paceman's lone victim. Shoaib conceded 72 in 10 overs in his team's six-wicket defeat. PAKISTAN April 18, 1986, Sharjah Pakistan win by one wicket Javed Miandad hit a last-ball six off Chetan Sharma and finished on 116 not out off 114 balls. He simply anchored the innings as Pakistan chased a stiff 246-run target in 50 overs. India's 245-7 were built around a masterly innings of 92 by Sunil Gavaskar, supported by Krish Srikkanth's 75 and a steady 50 by Dilip Vengsarkar. April 12, 2005, Ahmedabad Pakistan win by three wickets The match was dominated by India until the last few overs when Inzamam-ul-Haq played a captain's knock to help his team square the ODI series 2-2. India made 315-6 in 48 overs which included 123 by Sachin Tendulkar who then had to bowl the final over with Pakistan needing three to win. Tendulkar bowled four dot-balls but Inzamam took two off the fifth, leaving one off the last ball for victory. The final ball was steered towards point and Inzamam ran to complete victory. March 11, 1978, Sahiwal India concede India conceded the match in protest at short-pitched bowling by Sarfraz Nawaz. Pakistan had made 205-7 before India managed to reach 183-2, needing just 23 off the last three overs. Sarfraz's four deliveries in the 38th over were all out of reach of the batsmen, but not called wide. Indian captain Bishen Bedi called his batsmen Anshuman Gaekwad and Gundappa Viswanath back and conceded the match. The series was the first between the rivals for 17 years. September 19, 2004, Edgbaston This Champions Trophy win was Pakistan's only victory against India in an ICC event. Pakistan paceman Shoaib Akhtar and Rana Naved-ul-Hasan shared eight wickets between them to bundle India out for 200. Rahul Dravid fought well during his 67 and in the final overs Ajit Agarkar played a handy knock of 47 to help India reach the second hundred-mark. Pakistan had to rely on the experience of Inzamam-ul-Haq, who made 41 and Mohammad Yousuf 81 not out to guide them to a last-over victory.
Our Staff Reporter
September 26, 2009


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Strong Rally Congress Response to Help Build GA Caucus
February 21, 2013 - More than 500 EAA members have accessed Rally Congress since it was launched last week, prompting about 135 of those members to send more than 350 letters to their elected representatives in Washington, D.C., and urge them to join the General Aviation Caucus. Thanks to those who have already acted, and we urge all members to take action and help grow the GA Caucus.
The Senate and House caucuses have been instrumental in helping defeat user fee proposals and preserve aeronautical GPS signals, as well as in passing important legislation such as the Pilot's Bill of Rights and residential through-the-fence agreement language.
To take immediate action, visit www.eaa.org/rallycongress and click on the "Take Action" button. EAA has provided a letter that can be sent as-is with a single click, but members can also edit the letter as they wish, or draft and submit an original piece. Phone calls are also an effective, personal way to reach a representative.


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Displacement in physics refers to on object's change in position. When you calculate displacement, you measure how "out of place" on object is based on its initial location and its final location. The formula you use for calculating displacement will depend on variables that are provided to you in a given problem. Follow these steps to calculate displacement.
Part 1 of 5:
Calculating Resultant Displacement
1Use the resultant displacement formula when units of distance are used to specify your initial and final location. Though distance is different than displacement, resultant displacement problems will specify how many "feet" or how many "meters" an object has traveled. You will use these units of measurement to calculate displacement, or how far out of position the object is based on its original point.
- The resultant displacement formula is written as: S = √x²+y². "S" stands for displacement. X is the first direction that the object is traveling and Y is the second direction that the object is traveling.[1] If your object only travels in one direction, then Y = 0.
- An object can only travel in two directions maximum, since moving along the north/south or east/west axes will be considered neutral movement.
2Connect the points based on order of movement and label them from A-Z. Use a ruler to make straight lines from point to point.
- Also remember to connect your starting point to your end point using a straight line. This is the displacement we will be calculating.
- For example, if an object travels east 300 feet and north 400 feet, it will form a right triangle. AB will form the first leg of the triangle and BC will form the second leg. AC will form the hypotenuse of the triangle, and its value will be the amount of the object's displacement. In this example, the two directions are "east" and "north."
3Input the direction values for x² and y². Now that you know the two directions your object is traveling in, input the values into their respective variables.
- For example, x = 300 and y = 400. Your formula should look like this: S = √300² + 400².
4Compute the formula using the order of operations. Square 300 and 400 first, then add them, and then find the square root of that sum.
- For example: S = √90000 + 160000. S = √250000. S = 500. You now know that displacement is equal to 500 feet.
Part 2 of 5:
When Velocity and Time Values are Specified
1Use this formula when the problem specifies the object's velocity and time taken. Some math problems will not specify values of distance, but will tell you how long an object was moving and how fast it was moving. You can calculate displacement using these time and speed values.
- In this case, the formula would be: S = 1/2(u + v)t. U = the object's initial velocity, or how fast it started going in a certain direction. V = the object's final velocity, or how fast it was going at its last location. T = the time the object took to get there.
- For example: A car is traveling down the road for 45 seconds (time taken). The car turned west at 20 m/s (initial velocity) and by the end of the street, it was traveling at 23 m/s (final velocity).[2] Calculate the displacement based on these factors.
2Input the values for velocity and time into their respective variables. Now that you know how long the car drove for, how fast it moved in the beginning, and how fast it was moving in the end, you can find the distance from the initial location to the final location.
- Your formula will look like this: S = 1/2(20 + 23)45.
3Calculate the formula once you have input the values into their correct places. Remember to follow the order of operations, otherwise displacement will turn out to be a completely different value.
- For this formula, it's okay if you accidentally switch initial and final velocity. Since you will be adding these numbers first, it doesn't matter where they are in the parentheses. For other formulas, however, switching initial with final velocity will give you a different displacement value.
- Your formula will look like this: S = 1/2(43)45. First divide 43 by 2, which will give you 21.5 Then multiply 21.5 by 45, which should give you 967.5 meters. 967.5 is your displacement value, or how far your car is from its original spot.
Part 3 of 5:
When Initial Velocity, Acceleration, and Time Values are Specified
1Employ a modified formula when acceleration is specified along with initial velocity and time. Some problems will only tell you how fast an object was moving in the beginning, how fast it began to accelerate, and how long the object traveled for. You will need the following formula.
- The formula for this problem is as follows: S = ut + 1/2at². "U" still represents initial velocity; "A" is the object's acceleration, or how fast its velocity begins to change. "T" can either mean the total time taken, or it can be a certain amount of time an object accelerated for. Either way, it will be identified by units of time such as seconds, hours, etc.
- Say a car traveling at 25 m/s (initial velocity) begins accelerating at 3 m/s2 (acceleration) for 4 seconds (time). What is the displacement of the car after 4 seconds?[3]
2Plug in the values where they belong in the formula. Unlike the previous formula, only initial velocity is represented here, so be sure you input the correct data.
- Based on the example data above, your formula should look like this: S = 25(4) + 1/2(3)4². It will help if you add parentheses around your acceleration and time values to help you keep the numbers separate.
3Calculate displacement by performing the necessary order of operations. A quick way to help you remember the order of operations is the mnemonic "Please excuse my dear Aunt Sally." This represents the correct order of parentheses, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction.
- Let's revisit the formula: S = 25(4) + 1/2(3)4². First, square 4, which gives you 16. Then multiply 16 by 3, which gives you 48; also multiply 25 by 4, giving you 100. Divide 48 by 2, which is 24. Your equation should now look like this: S = 100 + 24. Once you add the two values together, displacement will equal 124 meters.[4]
Part 4 of 5:
Calculating Angular Displacement
1Find angular displacement when an object travels in a curved path. Though you will still be calculating displacement using a straight line, you will need to find the difference between an object's initial and final location when it moves in an arc.
- Think of a girl sitting on a merry-go-round. As she spins along the outside of the ride, she will travel in a curved path. Angular displacement seeks to measure the shortest distance between the initial location and final location when an object isn't moving in a straight line.
- The formula for angular displacement is: θ = S/r, where "S" stands for linear displacement, "r" stands for radius, and "θ" represents angular displacement. Linear displacement is how far an object travels along an arc. Radius is the distance an object is from the center of a circle. Angular displacement is the value we are looking for.
2Input the linear displacement and radius values into the equation. Remember that radius is the distance from the center of a circle; some problems may give you the circle's diameter, in which case you will need to divide it by 2 to find the radius.
- Here is a sample problem: A girl rides a merry-go-round. Her seat is at a distance of 1 meter from the center (radius). If the girl moves along an arc length of 1.5 meters (linear displacement), what is her angular displacement?
- Your equation should look like this: θ = 1.5/1.
3Divide linear displacement by the radius. This will give you the angular displacement of the object.
- After dividing 1.5 by 1, you are left with 1.5. The angular displacement of the girl is 1.5 radians.
- Since angular displacement calculates how much an object has rotated from its original position, it will need to be measured as an angle, not a distance. Radians are units used to measure angles.[5]
Part 5 of 5:
Understanding Displacement
1Know that "distance" means something different than "displacement." Distance refers to how far an object has traveled in total.
- Distance is what is known as a "scalar quantity." It refers to how much ground an object has covered without considering the direction the object is traveling.[6]
- For example, if you walk 2 feet east, 2 feet south, 2 feet west, and then 2 feet north, you will be back in your original position. Though you will have traveled a total distance of 10 feet, you will have been displaced 0 feet because your final location is the same as your original location (your path resembles that of a box).[7]
2Understand that displacement is the difference between two locations. Displacement is not a total sum of motion like distance; it focuses on the area between your initial location and final location.
- Displacement is called a "vector quantity" and refers to an object's change in position with regards to the direction an object is moving.
- Say you head east for 5 feet. If you go back west 5 feet, you will be traveling in the opposite direction of your original location. Even though you will have walked 10 feet total, you won't have changed your position; your displacement then is 0 feet.
3Remember the words "back and forth" when trying to imagine displacement. Going in the opposite direction cancels out the displacement of an object.
- Picture a football coach pacing back and forth along the sidelines.[8] As he yells things at his players, he will have moved from left to right multiple times. If you watch him the entire time he is moving from left to right, you are observing the total distance he is traveling. But, say the coach stops to talk to the quarterback on the sidelines. If he is in a spot that is different than before he started pacing, you are looking at the coach's displacement.[9]
4Know that displacement is measured using a straight line, not a curved path.[10] To find displacement, you will need to find the shortest, most efficient way of measuring the difference between two points.
- A curved path will lead you from your initial location to your final location, but it is not the shortest path. To help you visualize this, imagine you are walking in a straight line and encounter a pillar. You can't walk through this pillar, so you walk around it. Though you will end up in the same position as if you walked through the pillar, you will have needed to take extra steps to get to your destination.
- Though displacement prefers a straight line, know that you can measure the displacement of an object that is traveling in a curved path. This is called "angular displacement," and it can be calculated by finding the straightest path that leads from initial location to final location.[11]
5Understand that displacement can be a negative value, unlike distance. If your final location is arrived at by moving in a direction opposite than when you started, you will be displaced negatively.
- For example, say you walked 5 feet east and then 3 feet west. Though technically you are still 2 feet from your original location, your displacement would be -2 because you are moving in the opposite direction. [12] Your distance will always be a positive value because you can't "un-travel" amount of feet, miles, etc.
- Negative displacement does not mean that the displacement is getting decreased. It simply means that the displacement is taking an opposite direction.
6Realize that sometimes distance and displacement values can be the same. If you walk straight for 25 feet and stop, the amount of ground covered will be the same as how far you are from your original location.
- This only applies to when you travel to one location from your initial location in a straight line.[13] For example, say you live in San Francisco, California and land a new job in Las Vegas, Nevada. You need to move out to Las Vegas in order to be closer to your job. If you take a plane that flies straight from San Francisco to Las Vegas, you will have traveled 417 miles (671 km) and will be displaced 417 miles (671 km).
- If you take a car from San Francisco to Las Vegas, however, you will be displaced 417 miles (671 km) but will have traveled 563 miles (906 km).[14] Since driving usually involves changing directions (east on this highway, west on that highway), you will have traveled farther than the shortest distance between the two cities.
Community Q&A
QuestionA car accelerates from 8m/s to 16m/s in 10m/s. What is the displacement?Community AnswerYou'll need to know the distance first. After you find it, use the equation Displacement = 1/2(initial velocity+ final velocity) • time.
QuestionHow can I calculate displacement of circular objects?Community AnswerDisplacement refers to an objects change in position so in case an object moves a complete circle (360 degrees) it will not have any displacement for a non complete circle it is easy to find the distance by using the below formula. Chord length = 2√(r^2 - d^2) where, r = radius of the circle d = perpendicular distance from the chord to the circle center. Chord of a circle is a line segment whose ends lie on the circle.
QuestionHow do I calculate the resultant displacement if a man travels 1.5m towards east, then 2.0m south and finally 4.5m towards east?Community AnswerWhat I would do is start by graphing your vectors, adding tip to tail, which will leave you with an end point. Assuming we started at (0,0) it would be (6, -2) in your case. Then you use the distance formula, √(x1-x2)^2 + (y1-y2)^2. So then you have √(0-6)^2 + (0-(-2))^2, which, when simplified, is the √40, or 6.324555.
- For ship displacement, you can carry this process further to figure out how low the ship has to sit in the water. The ship will sit sufficiently low in the water such that the weight of water displaced by the volume of the ship that has pushed down into the water equals the weight of the ship.Thanks!
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About This Article
To calculate displacement when initial velocity, acceleration, and time values are specified, use the formula S = ut + 1/2at². In this formula, U represents the initial velocity, A is the object's acceleration, and T can equal the total time or the amount of time that the object accelerated for. Plug the provided values into the formula, and solve the formula for S according to the order of operations. Your answer will be the displacement measured in meters, feet, inches, or other units of length. If you want to learn how to calculate angular displacement, keep reading the article!
- ↑ http://formulas.tutorvista.com/physics/displacement-formula.html
- ↑ http://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/physics/displacement_v_t.php
- ↑ http://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/physics/displacement_v_a_t.php
- ↑ http://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/physics/displacement_v_a_t.php
- ↑ http://physics.tutorvista.com/motion/angular-displacement.html
- ↑ http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Distance-and-Displacement
- ↑ http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Distance-and-Displacement
- ↑ http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Distance-and-Displacement
- ↑ http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Distance-and-Displacement
- ↑ http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Distance-and-Displacement
- ↑ http://physics.tutorvista.com/motion/displacement.html
- ↑ http://physics.tutorvista.com/motion/displacement.html
- ↑ http://wiki.answers.com/Q/The_distance_and_displacement_of_an_object_are_the_same_when
- ↑ http://www.distance-cities.com/distance-las-vegas-nv-to-san-francisco-ca


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Closely Knit Square Pom Pom Cushion Blush
Buy NOW, pay LATER using or .
Insert: Cotton casing with micro-fibre filling
Size: 45cm
Material: 100% breathable cotton
Insert: Cotton casing with micro-fibre filling
You will love this Blush Square Pom Pom Cushion. Cheeky and fun. Perfect gift for yourself or anyone!
A cosy knitted stitch design with fantastic fluffy pom poms, these cushions add something a little different to your home. They are pretty fantastic to cuddle up with!
Who doesn't love pom poms? This super cheeky square cushion is knitted from the finest cotton which feels lavishly soft. Textured, tactile and with a gorgeous pom pom border.


text: I had the pleasure of watching an immature little blue heron fish at Fitzgerald Lake Conservation Area. Little Blues almost never get this far north and when they do, they are usually only found along the coast. What a treat! And it posed for some get pictures as well. Click on images to enlarge.


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Publication Date
Publication Details
Bhargava, R. (2015). The roots of Indian pluralism: A reading of Asokan edicts. Philosophy and Social Criticism,41(4-5), 367-381. United States: SAGE Publications Inc.. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0191453715577740
India is one of the most culturally, philosophically and religiously diverse countries in the world. The roots, not only of these diversities but also of morally appropriate responses to them, i.e. to pluralism, go very deep. This presentation substantiates this claim by looking at the relevant edicts of Emperor Asoka who reigned in India in the 3rd century BCE. Asoka not only advises people with deeply divergent worldviews to live together face to face but also suggests what the basis for this coexistence could be. He claims that resources exist in all traditions to exercise self-restraints. These self-restraints are of two kinds: self-related and other-related. Everyone should exercise both these self-restraints, particularly in speech. This 'control of tongue' is crucial for morally legitimate and principled coexistence. In the article, I try to explicate the meaning of these edicts and flesh out this argument by providing a vivid, quasi-phenomenological account of what public life in Asokan times was like.
Institute for Social Justice
Document Type
Journal Article
Access Rights
ERA Access
Access may be restricted.


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(Originally published on the David Prowler Blog on May 16, 2018)
In Paris' 17th Arrondissement, a neighborhood called Batignolles, there is a small plaza, Place De Levis, that knocked me out.
It's in a bourgeois neighborhood that's well off the tourist path. It's small; I'm guessing about 200' by 500', ringed by a hodgepodge of stores and dotted with street furniture. Nothing fancy at all, really modest. The Perfect Place


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Commenting configs
Hi folks! So I wanted to rant about one of my pet peeves. That is command line configs and people not commenting them properly!
You see, regardless of what CLI you are using, whether it's Cisco or HP or some other vendor. Commenting your config so another administrator coming along can understand your thought process is always a helpful thing.
Don't get me wrong. You can still figure things out without the comments, but if you take the time to do it, you can save an administrator valuable time when they are troubleshooting something in an emergency situation.
This can be just as simple as naming vlans and interfaces so people understand how traffic is flowing on your network when they are looking through the config. It can even help you if you haven't read your own config for a very long period of time. It can help jog your memory.
So be a friendly administrator and comment those configs!


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In the present study, we investigated the possibility of treating oak wood leachate with a combined ozone and biological treatment. Wood leachate is characterized by high amounts of organic carbon and is reported as being toxic to aquatic organisms. Ozone was used as a pre-treatment before using aerobic degradation. The biological treatment was applied for seven days and evaluated using head-space respirometry. Target pollutant in this investigation was polyphenols in combination with more general parameters, such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and colour. A custom made bubble column reactor was used, 1.5 L of wood leachate was exposed to 0-4 g/L of ozone, corresponding to a specific ozone dose between 0.7-7 g/L O-3/g of initial COD. Oak wood leachate was found to be easily degraded by ozone, with >90% of polyphenols degraded. COD was degraded by 73%, TOC by 61% and colour by 97% by ozone. Furthermore, a positive correlation between biodegradation and ozone pre-treatment was found.
The efficiency of biological treatment systems in degrading organic matter is affected by both the available nutrients and the efficiency of the microbial organisms that carry out the degradation. This study assesses whether a wetland treatment system treating stormwater from a wood industrial site faced nutrient deficiency or lacked efficient microbes, and whether addressing these possible problems could enhance the degradation of organic matter in the system. The stormwater was a mix of industrial stormwater, irrigation water and leachate from woodchip piles. The industry mainly processes pedunculate oak, which is known to create a leachate high in polyphenols. This water is currently treated in a pilot-scale wetland system and an aerated lagoon. To study whether the treatability could be enhanced by addition of nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen, micronutrients), headspace respirometry was used. The effect of adding microbes from a paper mill activated sludge system was also evaluated. Our results showed that all nutrient additions had a positive effect on the treatability of the stormwater. In particular, the addition of nitrogen showed a 12% rise in chemical oxygen demand reduction over 336h. However, addition of paper mill activated sludge did not enhance the degradation of organic matter; instead, a toxic effect of the stormwater was shown.
This study investigated the effects of aeration and/or vegetation in experimental constructed wetlands (CWs) as mesocosms on the removal of pollutants in oak wood leachate. Twelve outdoor wetland mesocosms, with randomized replicated treatment combinations of vegetation (Phragmites australis) and aeration was monitored during the second and third year after construction. The investigation included control tanks with no aeration and no vegetation. The parameters monitored were polyphenols (PPs), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and water colour. The reduction of COD after 28 days was approx. 50% and more than 50% of PPs, whereas only 40% of the water colour was removed. Aeration increased the effect of both COD and PP removal. The vegetation treatment had a small but significant effect on removal of COD. The vegetation + aeration treatment, as well as aeration alone, increased the removal efficiency of COD from 9.5 g m(-3) d(-1) in the control to 11 g m(-3) d(-1). The results suggest that CWs can be used to treat stormwater contaminated by oak wood leachate. Further, it is suggested that the main processes for removal of pollutants in the leachate occur in the open-water habitat and that the hydraulic retention time is more important for removal than aeration and vegetation related processes.
In the present study, two combinations of filter materials in filter/columns were examined for removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and polyphenols (PP) found in storm water runoff from wood storage areas in a wooden floor industry. One filter/column was packed with peat mixed with carbon-containing fly ash, while another filter/column contained only peat (without ash). The mixture of peat and ash has shown faster and higher removal capacity for TOC and faster removal with the same final removal capacity for PP (in grams of pollutant per kg of sorbent) at the saturation point. The superiority observed for the peat and ash filter is presumably due to the unique characteristics of peat and ash, which enhanced the treatment efficiency when used together in a mixture. Based on the observed results, filters formed by peat and carbon-containing ashes proved to be a potentially low-cost option for the treatment of storm water generated at storage areas of wood materials such as logs, sawdust and wood chips.
Correction published in: Svensson, H, Marques, M, Svensson, BM, Mårtensson, L, Bhatnagar, A,Hogland,W. 2015. Treatment of wood leachate with high polyphenols content by peat and carbon-containing fly ash filters (vol 53, pg 2041, 2015). Desalination and Water Treatment 54(1):V
Wood is a natural raw material, and would hardly be considered a risk to the environment. However, the handling of wood materials on an industrial scale has been shown to have a negative impact on water bodies that run-off from industrial sites that process wood-based materials. Most investigations related to water pollution from wood-based industries have focused on large industrial sites such as pulp and paper mills. The goal of the present thesisis to understand better such environmental problems and treatment solutions that occur at most wood handling sites. Where there are large outdoor storage areas for logs and sawdust that are exposed to rainfall or irrigation, such as the wooden-floor and bio-energy sectors. Leachate generated by the contact of water with wood in storage areas contains a large amount of organic matter that is potentially hazardous to water bodies that receive run-off from the site.
It has been found that different wood species yield different leachate compositions, with leachate from oak having the highest pollutants content, followed by leachate from pine. This investigation shows that oak has the potential to leach about 10 times the amount of polyphenols compared with other investigated species (i.e., pine, beech and maple). Furthermore, oak leachates have the lowest ratio of biological oxygen demand at 7 days tochemical oxygen demand (0.12), which suggests a potential problem with the biological degradation of this leachate. It has also been shown that leachate from wood are potentially toxic to aquatic organisms.
Treatability studies with the aim of reducing the environmental impact of wood leachate were conducted on a pilot scale as part of the scope of this thesis. The results showed, among other options, the possibility of using constructed wetlands to treat leachate. It was found that plants and aeration can affect the performance of a wetland. However, the most important factor is the time water spends in the wetland. Filter material that could be used to absorb leachate was also studied. A filter consisting of a mixture of peat and ash (from incinerated organic matter), was used to absorb a specific chemical group (polyphenols) in the leachate. It was also shown that polyphenols are vulnerable to ozone, representing a third viable treatment process.
Trä är ett naturligt råmaterial som knappast anses vara en risk för miljön. Däremot har hanteringen av trämaterial i industriell skala visat sig ha negativ inverkan på vattendrag. De flesta utredningar avseende vattenföroreningar inom träbaserade industrier har fokuserat på stora industrier med stor vattenförbrukning så som massa- och pappersbruk. Lakvatten som alstras vid kontakten mellan vatten och trä innehåller höga halter av organiska ämnen som är potentiellt farliga för vattendrag. Målet med denna avhandling är att få kunskap om ovanstående miljöproblem och möjlig behandlingar av dessa. Förorenat lakvatten skapas av industrier, där stora mängder timmer och sågspån är placerade utomhus och utsätts för regn och bevattning, såsom inom trägolv och bioenergisektorn. Man har funnit att lakning från olika träslag ger olika sammansättningar på lakvattnet, där lakvatten från ek har den högsta halten av föroreningar följt av furu. Denna undersökning visar att ek har potential att laka ut tio gånger så mycket polyfenoler jämfört med andra undersökta arter (tall, bok och lönn). Dessutom har lakvatten från ek den lägsta andelen av biologisk syreförbrukning efter 7dagar per kemisk syreförbrukning (0,12), vilket tyder på ett potentiellt problem med den biologiska nedbrytningen av detta lakvatten. Man har även påvisat att lakvattnet från trä är potentiellt giftigt för akvatiska organismer.
Studier för att försöka minska miljöpåverkan av lakvatten från denna trädsort gjordes i pilotskala inom ramen för denna avhandling. Dessa studier visade bland annat på möjligheterna att använda sig av våtmarker som reningsmetod, där växter och luftning påverkar hur bra en våtmark fungerar. Men den viktigaste faktorn var den ökade uppehållstiden som vattnet får i våtmarken. Utöver studier av våtmarker har också ett filtermaterial studerats, filtret bestod av en blandning av torv och aska, som användes för att absorbera en specifik kemisk grupp i lakvattnet (polyfenoler). I en tredje typ av behandlingsprocess visade det sig också att polyfenoler effektivt kan brytas ned av ozon.
Batch tests were carried out with sawdust obtained from oak (Quercus robur), maple (Acer platanoides), pine (Pinus sylvestris), beech (Fagus sylvatica) and wood chips from oak and pine. Leaching of organic compounds expressed as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in mg/kg of dry mass took place during the first 24 h. The following additional variables were analysed: pH, conductivity, colour, phenols, tannins and lignin, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD7). When leachates obtained with oak wood chips and pine wood chips were compared, no significant difference was observed. However, in batch tests with sawdust, DOC released by oak (90 000 mg/kg) was significantly higher (P = 0.0001) than DOC released by pine (30 000 mg/kg). The results suggest that particle size is not the only variable affecting the leaching of organic compounds from wood. Regarding BOD, colour [platinum-cobalt (Pt-Co)], phenols, tannins and lignin, the leaching patterns differed among species, and oak was the species with the highest released values.
Oak wood leachate obtained from two storage facilities (storage pound and ditch) in a wood-based industry, and leachate generated by a laboratory leaching test, were characterized in seven categories regarding particle size distribution (PSD) (raw leachate, <= 20 mu m, <= 10 mu m, <= 1.2 mu m, <= 13 nm, <= 5 nm and <= 2 nm). The PSD followed a normal distribution model with a correlation coefficient (r) varying from 82 to 88. Each fraction was analysed regarding chemical oxygen demand, polyphenols and acute toxicity in toxicity assays with Artemia salina, Vibrio fischeri and Lactuca sativa. Fractions with particles > 1.2 mu m were more toxic to A. salina and V. fisheri than fractions with particles <= 1.2 mu m. No toxic effect was observed for L. sativa. The results suggest that polyphenols are the main toxic compounds in oak wood leachate. A conspicuous difference was found between field and laboratory samples.
Abstract: In this study, leachates resulting from leaching tests carried out with sawdust from five tree species were investigated. The studied species were: Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), European larch (Larix decidua), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica). The analyses included chemical parameters such as pH, TOC and phenolic compounds (reported as total poly-phenols) and acute toxicity on two different organisms, the crustacean Artemia sauna and the bacteria Vibro fischeri (Microtox (R)). There are very high amounts of different phenolic compounds in the leachate, and large differences between tree species. The leachates produced by sawdust and bark of different tree species presented great variation regarding acute toxicity. V fischeri was more sensitive than A. sauna and leachates from pine sawdust and pine bark produced the highest toxicity response from V fischeri. This study indicates that bark is one component of the tree anatomy that needs to be handled as a potential hazardous material to the aquatic environment. The large variation in toxicity presented by different tree species need to be taken into account when assessing the impacts to surrounding watercourses and constructing wastewater treatment facilities for the wood-based industry such as irrigation water, stormwater runoff from storage areas.


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The Michigan State hockey team knew it was in for a tough test this weekend. They came out playing hard on Friday night and went ahead 2-0 fairly early in the game. Drew Palmisano played extremely well as the Spartans were heavily outshot. An empty net goal made the final score 7-4. It was an unexpected route for the Spartans against one of the top teams in the nation. It shows that when MSU can score first, they are usually able to come through with a victory.
On Saturday night, Michigan State did not come out with the same kind of energy. They were once again heavily outshot and there was nothing Palmisano could do on many of the Redhawk goals. Palmy kept the Spartans in the game until the third period. The final was 4-0.
A split is never bad against a caliber team like Miami, but the effort was not good on Saturday. MSU will look to start climbing up the standing this weekend against Ferris State and Michigan. The Spartan icers have played well in the second half of the season and hopefully it continues.
Weekend Split With Miami
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India's first overlanding academy, WBB Academy specializes in planning & training enthusiasts to undertake long-distance travel to remote destinations over land.
The Academy seeks to empower overland travelers to embark on self-reliant journeys to remote destinations with comprehensive skill sets to explore distant lands, cultures and also delve within themselves.
The core aim is to:
- Train overland travelers in on-road & off-road driving, vehicle selection, recovery & field repair
- Equip travelers with astute outdoor skills to manage outdoor environments – i.e. leadership, survival in remote environments, navigation etc.
- Empower travelers to manage field safety, emergency situations etc.
- Impart training in wilderness first aid & emergency first response
- Guide expedition logistics, marketing & brand building
- Offer expedition related specialist training such as photography, videography, field cooking etc.
What is Overlanding
It is vehicle dependent self-reliant travel over land to remote locations where 'journey' is the principal goal. It involves a broad series of skillsets:
- basic engineering review for equipment selection
- management and planning skills for expedition logistics
- strong awareness of how to interact with foreign cultures
- processes to ensure that there is minimal environmental impact.
Overland travel requires the adventurer to drive or ride great distances in a 4wd or on an adventure motorcycle, demanding competence in varied terrain scenarios and vehicle recovery.
Courses on Offer
|First Aid
|Outdoor Skills
|Field Safety
|Driver Training
|Expedition Logistics
|Expedition First Aid
|Basic Expedition Leader
|Travel Safety
|On road
|Permits & Visas
|Expedition Photography
|Emergency First Responder
|Remote Environment Skills
|Risk & Emergency Management
|Off road
|Food & Stay
|Field Cooking
|Fleet Management
|Brand building
|Hands on research
|Theory – speed awareness etc.
|Marketing & PR
|Gear & Equipment Maintenance


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OPEN BOX Tokidoki Donutella S1 : 3" Donutino mini figure (complete with all original packaging)
by Tokidoki
Save £-9.85
We love Donutella & her sweet friends. Add this cute, hard to find Tokidoki mini figure to your Tokidoki collection. And as always, to offer our customers the chance to complete a collection or simply purchase a favourite character, we have carefully opened the package of serval boxes (including this one) to discover who is hiding inside.
- Recommended age is 15yrs and above
- Packaging opened for identification purposes only
- All original packaging and accessories (where applicable) included
- Originally packaged as a case of 16 blind boxes
- Approximate figure height = 75mm (3 inches)
- Approximate weight (including box) = 80g
- Ready to send from our UK hands to YOUR UK billing address
- Designed for display, not play (i.e. this goodie is NOT a toy)
Warning: Possible choking hazard. Not for those aged under 3yrs


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Erin Brockovich, the crusading environmental activist who inspired an Oscar-winning performance from Julia Roberts with her work to ensure water safety in California in the 1990s, is taking on the water coming out of faucets in Plano and several other North Texas cities. It might not be safe to drink, Brockovich says, because of a chlorine cleaning method used by the North Texas Municipal Water District.
Officials with the water district, to which the city of Plano is referring questions, say the 28-day chlorine maintenance — during which ammonia, one of the three cleaning agents typically used in district water, is left out — is routine. Chlorine levels aren't increased, Mike Rickman, deputy director of operations and maintenance for the water district said late Thursday, but the chlorine odor and taste in water produced by the system is more noticeable because of the lack of ammonia.
"This is a safe and scientifically proven method to ensure that treated water remains safe as it moves throughout the distribution system," Rickman said.
In a lengthy Facebook post, Brockovich told her more than 750,000 followers that using chlorine alone to clean tap water — when both chlorine and ammonia are used, they form chloramine — is anything but a normal procedure.
"Let me be perfectly clear," Brockovich said. "If a community water system is forced to conduct a chlorine burn because they are experiencing nitrification, it is because they have failed. ... It is a remedial action to correct a serious problem they themselves have created because the [sic] are cheating on the regulations."
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According to Brockovich, the maintenance the district's system is undergoing is proof that's its regular procedures, when it uses chloramine and ozone to clean its water, are unsafe.
"So ... the ammonia (which is nitrogen) is pumped into your drinking water ... it is not "Safe"... it is a weaker disinfectant ... which allows (actually feeds) bacteria and biofilms in the pipes, plumbing systems and appliances," Brockovich wrote. "This biofilm exhausts the chlorine freeing up the ammonia (nitrification) which is like candy to bacteria and your system begins to fail. After this failure... the free chlorine burnout becomes necessary. Again... it is not "Safe" it is toxic and dangerous. Just where do you think the broken down biofilm ends up? Yuck!"
Both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality have deemed it safe to treat water with chloramine Replacing it with simple chlorine temporarily to remove biofilms is a "routine operational measure," the TCEQ said in a statement Thursday.
In addition to Plano, water from the North Texas Municipal Water District flows to residents of Collin, Dallas, Denton, Fannin, Grayson, Hopkins, Hunt, Kaufman, Rains and Rockwall counties.


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Following the joint work that has been carried out by the ports of Seville and Portimao, with the purpose of attracting cruise ships to the Algarve and Andalusia, negotiations are well under way with a sea/river cruise line , towards the completion of weekly trips between the two destinations The itinerary under current technical assessment provides for stops in the ports of Seville, Vila Real de Santo António, Olhão and Faro, with turn-around operations (embarkation and disembarkation of passengers) in Portimão, enabling the organization of package tours for passengers who stay in the Algarve region, creating good economic advantages for hotels, restaurants, local businesses and even for Faro´s International Airport. Strategically located at the junction between the Atlantic and Mediterranean, and benefiting from unique natural conditions, the port of Portimão has in the last four years had a significant increase in the number of cruise passengers, from 5,798 in 2007 to 44,841 last year, representing an increase of 673 percent.
source: thealgarvenews.com
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You are here
How Small Businesses Learn
Small Business
United States Small Business Administration
Office of Advocacy
How Small Businesses Learn
by Sydelle Raffe, Eric Sloan, Mary Vencill
1994. 115p. Berkeley Planning Associates, 440 Grand Ave., Ste. 500, Oakland, CA 94610 under contract no. SBA-7638-OA-92
The Office of Advocacy of the U.S. Small Business Administration has long recognized the need for government agencies and others to be more efficient and effective conveyers of information to small businesses. Similarly, the need to more effectively gather and use information is often a high priority for small business owners and managers.
This project was designed to illuminate the processes by which small business owners and managers acquire information needed for making strategic decisions for their businesses and planning for the future. Specifically, the research focused on four areas: (1)from which sources did small businesses receive information, (2) why was the information needed, (3) how useful was the information they received, and (4) what was important to the small business owner or manager among the sources of information.
Scope and Methodology
Data was collected from a sample of 1,247 small business owners or managers. Computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) were conducted between Feb. 22 and March 30, 1994.
The sampling procedure yielded a size-industry mix that differs from the universe of small business in several respects: companies with no employees or with more than 100 employees were excluded, and firms were sampled from only five selected industries. These procedures allowed a slightly more equal spread across industry-size categories than a simple random sample would produce.
Data were obtained on company characteristics such as size, industry, revenue and number of years in business, as well as information-gathering and -using practices. The survey data are available on diskette. All data were subjected to descriptive analyses (univariate frequencies and cross-tabulations) and hypothesis testing (Chi Square) procedures.
- Informal business contacts such as customers, suppliers and competitors were the sources of information most frequently used by small businesses. Other important sources were newsletters and magazines published by trade or professional associations, and meetings of these groups. Direct mail advertising and newspapers and magazines were more important than television and radio.
- Unlike the findings of earlier studies, this survey found that family members were not considered particularly important as information sources - nearly two-thirds of the respondents reported rarely or never receiving information from family members.
- Variation among the use of sources was related to the out-of-pocket cost of obtaining the information and to the nature of the industry's products and services. While finance, insurance and real estate companies tended to be the heaviest users of government information, construction and retail firms had the strongest links to their suppliers. Manufacturing firms were the most heavily dependent on customers.
- Managing the business was the primary motivation for acquiring information. The types of information most frequently sought were related to technology, computers, management skills and purchasing decisions. Nearly three-fourths of respondents reported actively seeking information about regulations - such as employment and safety laws - that affected their business operations.
- Ease of understanding, timeliness, accuracy and relevance are all elements of useful information. Accountants and trade and professional associations are the providers of the most useful business information for small businesses.
- Governments, especially the federal government, are comparatively remote from daily business operations. Their information is rarely industry-specific or relevant to local circumstances; relatively few respondents deem governments to be sources of useful information. Government officials and government reports were among the least cited sources of business information.
- Small business owners and managers most frequently use - and respond best to - information provided by sources they already know and trust. The most important, prevalent and useful information sources were those who knew a lot about the "consumers" of the information, the business conditions they face and their immediate local context, and who could tailor information to meet specific needs. These information sources had the strongest incentives to be responsive to the needs of individual information consumers.
- Accountants, suppliers, customers, and trade and professional associations all have a business interest in strengthening their relationship with small businesses. The federal government must expand its work with these industries and take advantage of their existing routes of communication with small business owners and managers.
Ordering Information
The complete report is available from:
National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
(703) 487-4650
Order Number: PB95-100293
Cost: A06; A02 Microf.
*Last Modified 6-11-01


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The Ruby on Rails Podcast, a weekly conversation about Ruby on Rails,open source software, and the programming profession.
Hosted by Brittany Martin.
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Jim Remsik, organizer of Madison+ Ruby, joins Sean Devine to talk about the history of the Madison+ Ruby conference and what to expect at the event this weekend.
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Hicksville, NY, US
Defining the parameters of the project, the first step was to understand the distinction between the sacred, the public, and the private realm. Spirituality, sacredness and transcendence are the product of social, cultural, and historical activities. Transferring sacred images and transforming them with the parameters of our contemporary technology.
Status: School Project
Location: Long Island City, NY, US


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Jobs could be scare or aplenty; depends on perception but how does one get that coveted job? Resumes are so passé. Employers are on the lookout of prospective employees who are different from the rest. The game of job hunting is changing. It is imperative to employ new methods to find jobs.
"Whenever you are asked if you can do a job, tell 'em, 'Certainly I can!' Then get busy and find out how to do it." – Theodore Roosevelt
Here are top 10 innovative job hunting styles.
10 – Create Jobs Profile on LinkedIn
LinkedIn is an important networking engine to view new jobs in multiple fields, network with employers and get to know professionals in a certain field. Moreover, some employers these days prefer to know a person 'online'; therefore, showing them the Linked In profile will work well.
9 – Interactive Resume
Move over the traditional resume and make it interactive. Since most employers expect applications through email, how about embedding a custom-made video to show skills, experience, qualification and job suitability? This calls for spending some money if the applicant doesn't have video making skills but it is effective.
8 – Fairs for Jobs
Every year, institutes or companies conduct job fairs and it advised to attend them. If the applicant is a fresh graduate and looking for entry-level jobs, job fairs are a good way to start. Take printed copies of resume and save the same in email draft. Utilize either according to the opportunity.
7 – Research the Company
It is easy to say than to do. If someone is attending ten interviews a week, it is difficult to research all the ten companies and gather data. However, it is important. Researching the company shows the employers that the interviewee is serious about the job position and the company as well. Don't focus on jobs only. To remember, make chits for every company and write down some basic information like their business line, stock value, global or national presence and work culture.
6 – Use Networking for Jobs
Everyone knows about this strategy but we rarely use it. A wide social circle of friends and acquaintances is a good way to begin job search. It is true that references matter in the marketplace. If someone can put in a good word to the human resource manager, where's the harm in it?
5 – Don't Juggle Interests
While it's good to be a multi-talented person, getting jobs becomes a bit difficult, especially when it comes to explaining the need to switch from, let's say, a sales person position to a radio jockey. Employers get suspicious; they doubt the capability to devote time to a particular field of work and it might harm job prospects. Therefore, think hard, decide carefully and stick to a stream of work.
4 – Follow Up Jobs
A lot of prospective employees miss this. Always follow up with every interview attended, unless they confirm the same day of non-selection. Follow up impresses employees. It shows interest and curiosity. Even if someone else is selected, the employer will remember the gesture when another opening comes and might call you.
3 – Use Social Media
Use Facebook and Twitter to land jobs. The trick is in networking. Most companies use social media to build a client base. Use social networks to track new companies and enquire about jobs.
2 – Industry News
Bookish knowledge never helps. It is important to know industry happenings. Keep track of mergers, acquisitions, bankruptcies, stock trades, current CEO's and Directors and general working of niche industries. It helps a lot during interview process.
1 – Be Poised
Nothing puts off an employer than seeing a jittering, sweating, unconfident interviewee. Do mock interview practice and be confident in approach, thoughts, body language and communication.
These are the top 10 innovative tips for landing on the next job. Utilize it.
Contact us or email us with your questions, comments or tips. Read more trending news here at HenSpark!


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My research is embedded within the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour of Radboud University in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. I am Principal Investigator in the Centre for Cognition and affiliated with the Centre for Neuroscience at Radboudumc and Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry in Venray. Below are my main research topics.
Cognitive determinants of Alzheimer's disease, VCI and MCI
Studies on the underlying cognitive processes of ageing, dementia and MCI, relation between (working)memory, moderator variables and outcome measures, in collaboration with Prof. Dr. Marcel Olde Rikkert and Dr. Jurgen Claassen, MD. Also, I collaborate on projects with Dr. Frank-Erik de Leeuw on VCI in young and older adults, including RUNDMC, FUTURE and ODYSSEY. These studies integrate behavioural and cognitive measures with neuroimaging (structural and functional MRI, near-infrared spectroscopy)
Memory and amnesia
Studies focusing on memory deficits after brain damage, alcohol-related cognitive disorders, including Korsakoff's syndrome, spatial memory, confabulation and memory function in healthy individuals, in collaboration with Dr. Arie Wester, Dr. Paul Eling, Dr.Joukje Oosterman and Dr. Marc Hendriks.
Neuropsychological rehabilitation
Studies focusing on the role of implicit and explicit memory in compensatory mechanisms in brain-injured patients and dementia (e.g., errorless learning), in collaboration with Prof. Dr. Luciano Fasotti.
Neuropsychological assessment
Development and validation of new neuropsychological and experimental test procedures, mainly in the domain of human memory and learning (e.g. the Location Learning Test-Revised, the Dutch translation and validation of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test - Third Edition and the Wechsler Memory Scale-IV, the Emotion Recognition Test). Here, I collaborate with Dr. Marc Hendriks and Pearson and Hogrefe Test Publishers, as well as Metrisquare.


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What can be said about asthma and autoimmune disease? Let me give you some basic information about asthma, it's relationship to autoimmune disease and some information on herbal and alternative treatments.
What is Asthma?
Asthma is a chronic disease of the lungs. By chronic I mean long term. It is related to an overactive immune system. Although it is a lung disease, it actually affects the airways that take air into and out of the lungs. It causes inflammation and narrowing in the airways which makes them swell and produce extra mucous causing shortness of breath, chest tightness, wheezing and uncontrollable coughing.
What Can You Do to Help or Lessen Asthma Symptoms?
- Address the overactive immune system
Eliminate triggers: Asthma symptoms can be triggered by allergens like mold, pollen, mites and dust. Other triggers can include stress, cold air, exercise, viruses, even chemical allergens such as perfumes and food additives. Cigarette smoke and indoor and outdoor polutants should be avoided as well.
2. Make dietary changes
Remove triggers: Some foods are typically related to asthma attacks or triggers such as dairy products, nuts, shellfish and wheat. In addition, many react to chemicals and additives used to preserve foods and dyes used to color foods.
It is best to avoid or decrease intake of foods that are heavily processed with hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated oils, anything with artificial additives, flavorings or sweeteners. Also nitrates and sulfates should be avoided, so processed meats such as deli meats and bacon are excluded.
3. Supplement diet
Vitamin B12 can help with sensitivity to sulfates. In fact, B12 deficiency as actually been linked to some forms of asthma. Omega 3 fatty acids such as fish oil and flaxseed oil help to decrease inflammation. Antioxidants such as vitamins A, C and E are also important to decrease free radicals which cause inflammation to increase. Bromelain is a powerful anti-inflammatory enzyme. It comes from the stem of the pineapple. Also, magnesium levels have been known to be lower in those with asthma. It has a bronchodilating effect.
4. Exercise
Incorporate a regular exercise routine into your lifestyle. Avoid exercising in cold air. You should have a warm up and cool down period in your routine and there should be aerobic, resistance, stretching and yoga in your exercise workout rather than any one solitary focus.
What Herbs Can Help Asthma?
Angelica – Is an anti-inflammatory that boosts the immune system. It is used in treating allergies as well as asthma.
Anise – An expectorant used in many cough syrups and lozenges. Helps to get rid of excess mucous.
Coltsfoot – A cough suppressant that also soothes the throat.
Elecampane – Soothes the bronchial tube linings. Is also an expectorant.
Grindelia – Also an expectorant used to treat spasmodic respiratory conditions. Native Americans used it for skin infections as well. The flowering tops and dried leaves were listed in the United States Pharmacopoeia from 1882 until 1926 and in the National Formulary 1926 through 1960.
Horehound – An anti-inflammatory often used in herbal cough drops.
Licorice – Helps to restore and calm breathing.
Lobelia – An antispasmodic and a bronchodilator that also stimulates the respiratory center in the brain which results in deeper breathing. It is very powerful and is potentially toxic and should be used in small doses and under the care of a health care professional. It should never be used by anyone with high blood pressure or heart disease.
Marshmallow – Is a powerful anti-inflammatory. It is very soothing and healing.
Motherwort – Is wonderful for reducing anxiety, which always comes with asthma attacks. It also decrease the severity of lung spasms.
Reishi Mushroom – A strong anti-inflammatory and an immune builder that strengthens the lungs. You can buy and use them in food, but you can also get them in an herbal tincture.
Turmeric – I have discussed in many other posts. I cannot say enough good things about it!
It is one of my "Emergency Kit" herbs. It has been used for thousands of years for many purposes such as a spice, a medicine for many conditions and as a dye. It is a powerful anti-inflammatory. There was a study done in India where patients were given turmeric powder fried in ghee. 60% of these patients had symptom relief.
Can Essential Oils Help With Asthma?
Essential oils can be particularly useful in the treatment of asthma due to their ability to be readily absorbed into the skin and through the airway. I will be doing a more detailed post on using essential oils with asthma. For the time being here is a list of the most commonly used essential oils for asthma:
Bergamot – Antispasmodic to help relieve muscle spasms associated with asthma attacks.
Chamomile – Antispasmodic and very relaxing. Often used as a mild sleep aid.
Clove – Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-spasmodic. Helps to open airways.
Eucalyptus – Decongestant and germicide. Breaks up phlegm and reduces mucous.
Frankincense – Anti-inflammatory and expectorant.
Peppermint – Decongestant.
Oregano – Antibacterial and antifungal.
Lavender – Anti-inflammatory and sedative.
Lemon – Powerful anti-microbial.
Tea Tree – Expectorant.
Thyme – Antibacterial and antiseptic.
How Best To Use Essential Oils For Asthma
Essential oils can be used in a variety of ways for asthma. They can be inhaled either via steam inhalation or by using a diffuser. Some asthmatics are very sensitive to smells so steam inhalation might work best in those cases. They can also be applied, along with a carrier oil such as almond oil or coconut oil, directly to the skin. In some cases, oils can be mixed into a tincture to drink.
I have a very dear friend who suffers miserably with asthma to the point of having to be hospitalized even though he was using inhalers and nasal sprays and anything else the doctors could recommend. Recently he tried a new formula which I have listed below. I can tell you that he has not used an inhaler or any nasal sprays in over a month! At present, he is still taking his prescription meds.
He puts 2 drops of lemon, peppermint and lavender essential oils, along with 1 tablespoon of local honey (MUST BE LOCAL TO YOUR AREA) in 2 ounces of water and drinks it.
Click these links to order them now: lavender lemon peppermint
I would be very interested to hear from anyone else who tries this. Please leave me a comment on this, or any other combination of herbs or essential oils you may have tried and whether they were successful for you.
I hope you found this information on asthma and autoimmune disease useful. I will be looking forward to hearing your comments,


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In late January, Japan joined the European Central Bank in the "negative interest rate club".
The market responded hesitantly: the yen depreciated only for one day and then climbed by about 6 percent in two weeks' time.
Bloomberg reported on Tuesday that some of the country's money market funds will soon terminate their operations due to the impact of the negative interest rate and a yield curve approaching zero.
It is said that Mitsubishi UFJ will close the fund in May while Nomura and Daiwa are planning to terminate theirs in October.
It's no big deal if money market funds stop operation, but, as more and more countries adopt negative interest rates, you should know the reason why they are doing so even after years of maintaining a loose monetary environment.
Bank of Japan governor Haruhiko Kuroda explained that the policy is meant to achieve the target of 2 percent growth in the consumer price index. It is reasonable, mathematically.
The European Central Bank considers it as an economic stimulus to force the banks to pour capital into the real economy.
In reality, however, banks use the money to buy government bonds due to the low risk. Neither do the bank depositors want to take risks; they just keep the money in cash.
The central banks' negative interest rate policy is unfair as it trims depositors' returns to subsidize the enterprises' risky investments.
To fight the negative interest rate, is it feasible to withdraw all the deposits and hold cash?
The Federal Reserve pointed out in a study in 2010 that holding cash also has its cost, about 0.36 percent a year.
If the interest rate remains in a range of 0 to negative 0.35 percent, depositors are unlikely to take any action.
In northern Europe as well as the eurozone, the interest rate level is between negative 0.3 percent to negative 0.75 percent, but so far no bank is passing the cost of negative interest rate to the depositors.
Conservative investors prefer holding cash. Negative interest rates drain liquidity from the market, instead of creating an easing environment.
If the trend continues, capital from the negative interest rate region will flow into markets which offer positive returns.
The Aussie, New Zealand dollar, US dollar and gold will take advantage of the current situation. On the other hand, the euro and the yen may depreciate further.
Is it true that negative interest rates can reduce real debt? There are two prerequisites. First, the policy must be adopted for at least 10 years. Second, the debt level must remain the same, if not reduced, during the period.
Do you believe the current combined debt of Europe and Japan is as much as it was seven years ago?
This article appeared in the Hong Kong Economic Journal on March 10.
Translation by Myssie You
[Chinese version 中文版]
– Contact us at [email protected]


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Cornelia Brezing graduated in psychology (in 2007), which she studied in Vienna and Saarbrücken.
She likes graphic design, traveling, reading, drawing and climbing. She speaks German, English, Spanish and French and is about to learn some catalan.
clients and projects
Internationales Studenten Theater Festival Saarbrücken
Schöne Künste Saarbrücken
Los Mutantes
Sparte 4
Stiftung Saarländischer Kulturbesitz
Stiftung Saarländischer Kulturbesitz (public relations)
NetCoach (eLearning)
worked as student for
International Office Saarland University
Media Psychology Saarland University
Vienna University of Technology
international experience
Internship with Twopoints.Net in Barcelona, Spain
AuPair in Philadelphia, USA


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I accept George's challenge and you will now find a stream of BHS ph0tos on the right hand side of this blog. Below is a slideshow if what I have come up with so far.
News, updates, and happenings at Burlington High School (MA)
Tuesday, September 7, 2010
Stealing/Borrowing Another Idea From A Member Of My PLN
My friend George Couros recently posted 200 Days of School on his blog where he issued a challenge to other educators to post a picture a day. He challenged his readers to "show the world how awesome our schools are."
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Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council is supporting a campaign to reduce the number of accidental falls in the home.
One third of people over the age of 65 fall each year, but almost half of these are preventable.
Working in partnership with The Public Health Agency, residents are urged to identify factors that increase the risk of falling and take steps to prevent them.
The Mayor of Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council, Councillor Joan Baird OBE, said: "Falls continue to be the leading cause of accidental death in the home, with older people most at risk. We hope this campaign will raise awareness of the issue and encourage older people to take steps to stay safe in their home."
Bryan Edgar, Head of Health and Built Environment, said: "I would encourage all older residents to incorporate some small changes into their routine, meaning accident prevention will become a habit. Residents can contact the Council's Home Safety Officer if they would like further information or guidance on this issue."
Hilary Johnston, Health and Social Wellbeing Improvement Manager with The Public Health Agency, said: "The consequences of a fall can be devastating, ranging from pain and suffering to serious injury and, in some circumstances, death. For many older people it is the fear of falling and loss of confidence that can significantly impact on their ability to remain independent."
Steps you can take at home to help prevent a fall:
• Keep your stairs free of clutter – do not leave items lying on the stairs that could cause a trip or fall.
• Ensure your home is well lit (use high wattage low energy light bulbs) and always put lights on at night especially when getting up during the night.
• Remove all loose/ worn mats.
• Avoid trailing leads/wires.
• If you use non-slip mats in the bath and shower ensure they are used appropriately removing them after use to air dry and cleaning the soap suds from them that can build up and cause a slip.
• Mop up any water/ spillages as soon as possible.
• Have broken or uneven pathways outdoors repaired.
Your home can be adapted with the help of aids in order to minimise your risk of falling. You can be referred to an Occupational Therapist who can have handrails fitted to your home.
Other simple steps include:
•Check your eyesight – good vision has a major role in how you maintain your balance. Eye tests are free for everyone over the age of 60.
• Look after your feet – as you get older, the size and shape of your feet may change so always have your feet measured when buying new shoes. Choose footwear that have a back with a strap, velcro or preferably laces to secure them tightly. Avoid high heels and slip-ons.
• Bone health – osteoporosis is known as the silent illness and results in more fragile bones that will break more easily, often as a result of a fall. There are a number of risk factors that can increase your likelihood of developing osteoporosis such as family history, smoking, drinking alcohol, long term immobility, early menopause, previously fractured bones and certain medical conditions. If you think you might be at risk of this condition you should contact your GP.
• Exercise and physical activity – activities that improve muscle strength in our legs, arms, back, shoulders and chest are particularly important as we get older. They can make it easier to get up out of a chair, and improve our posture, co-ordination and balance which reduces our risk of falling. Exercise must be performed at least twice a week for effective falls prevention.
If you are interested in additional information or would like to book a home safety check, please contact Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council's Health and Built Environment team, based at Riada House in Ballymoney by telephoning 028 2766 0200.


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State Of The Art Facility - Beautiful Area - Control Tower For Safety - 3 Long Runways - Very Large State Of The Art Aircraft Fleet
About Us
Treasure Coast Flight Training is commited to serving all of your aviation needs as a full service flight academy, aircraft rental facility, and pilot shop.
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Click here to see the local radar in our area and throughout the state of Florida. (Not to be used for navigation)
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For your convenience, TCFT offers convenient online scheduling. Once you register, you can easily schedule aircraft, instructors, flight simulators, and one on one ground school training.
Enroll Now!
Enroll today and get started on your professional pilot career. Once we receive your application, we will contact you and walk you thought the enrollment process.
Treasure Coast Flight Training is located in Stuart Florida which is just north of West Palm Beach and in-between Orlando and Miami. Our FAA-certified Part 141 and Part 61 approved flight programs provide students with the skills and experience demanded by today's commercial aviation industry. Our flight training programs are set in a structured environment to ensure the student receives the knowledge that is required to be a professional pilot. Committed to excellence and committed to our students, for world class training and an affordable price, contact us today at Treasure Coast Flight Training.


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An advanced understanding on the rollout and daily operation of a Kanban system is a necessity for enthusiastic professionals. Participants will explore Kanban principles to improve performance and manage workflow. Visualize the roles and responsibilities from a Kanban Management Professionals' (KMP) perspective in real-time and make better business decisions.
After attending this two-day course, the participant will be able to streamline the company's internal workflows, manage risks, and implement fast delivery to meet customer's expectations. This course is also called as KMP foundation-2, which officially completes the requirements towards earning the Kanban Management Professional (KMP) designation.
Learning Objectives
Course Details
Course Deliverables
INNOVATION ROOTS SOFTECH PVT LTD is an end-to-end Agile Software Development Solution Provi Read more