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Matt: If our temperature is 98.6, why do we feel hot when it's 85 or 90 outside? — WS, San Diego
That 98.6 business isn't what it appears to be. That's an average core body temperature — how hot you are on the inside, not the outside. It's a measure of the heat created as a by-product of all the body chemistry that keeps us functioning. Our outsides play a part in dissipating this heat so we don't have a body-core house fire and destroy cells. Skin heat wafts off into the air and keeps our outer temperature much cooler than our innards. This means the gradient between air temp and skin temp is much shallower; they're much closer together. The closer your skin temp and air temp are to each other, the harder it is for radiated heat to be carried away by the air (convection). So our bodies kick into second gear and start producing sweat to carry off even more heat through evaporation. Or you fan yourself to up the convection rate with moving air. A cold drink will also lower your core temp. The whole system is controlled by your brain's hypothalamus, designed to make you feel "hot" and avoid a grisly meltdown, in which your core body cells die like shrimp on the barbie.
Hey Matthew: Is it my imagination, or do TV ads and some TV background music have telephone rings in them? I swear I hear the sound of a phone ringing sometimes when I'm watching TV. It doesn't fool me into thinking my phone's ringing, but it gets my attention. Sort of sends a little jolt through me. Or am I just hallucinating and taking the first step on a long trail that leads to schizophrenia? — Anonymous and worried, via email
Aha! Another tricky advertising trick exposed. Gotta watch those tricky advertising-trick guys. So you're hanging around watching Dancing with the Stars or Dr. Who or something. You're also eating a Philly cheese steak and texting your bestie and cruising iTunes. Advertisers and show producers know you're doing this. How does a deodorant commercial stand a chance in this scenario? They must get your attention! It's critical! They've paid a gajillion dollars for 30 seconds worth of air time in this show, so they can't waste it! What to do, what to do...
There are certain sounds in the world that attract attention — a siren, a fart, stuff like that. But perhaps nothing compares to the sound of a phone ringing. ("Oh, goodie! It's for me! Somebody wants to talk to me! I must respond! I'm not forgotten! I have friends! ") And this is something that tricky adsters and show producers know, too. Those miserable tricksters.
According to a New York Times story, you won't find anybody who will outright admit to using those elusive, high-pitched "phantom rings," as they're called. But they all admit that high-pitched sounds are becoming more prevalent in today's carefully composed soundtracks — ads, TV shows, and movies. It's well known throughout the industry that the human ear gives priority to high-pitched sounds such as babies crying or screams or other sounds of danger. Sounds can mess amazingly with our emotions and thoughts. And since our cell phones are now as significant as body parts for each of us, a high-pitched "phone-like" tone inserted into background music or a mix of sound effects will catch our attention every time. Even if, in the long run, we're not tricked into thinking it's our own phone, just the generic phone-ring snaps us out of whatever multitasking coma we're in. With luck, we might pay attention to the TV to see where the sound came from. Mission accomplished.
A physics professor from McGill University further elucidates. These phantom rings and other similar sounds (such as real-life ambulance sirens) are in the 1000 hertz range. This tonal range is the most elusive when the human ear tries to locate the source. Recall the last time you were in traffic, heard a siren, but couldn't tell where the sound was coming from. Anyway, the sound hijacks our attention. We are a great herd of manipulated sheep, and don't let anybody tell you different.
Hey Matt: Why do some people call them "pancakes" while others refer to them as "flapjacks"? And which is the proper terminology in San Diego? I ask because I've never heard of an International House of Flapjacks (or an IHOF).— Shawn Higgins, San Diego
Pancakes are ancient and international. They have dozens and dozens of names, depending on where you are stuck to the globe. Even the U.S. calls them johnnycakes, hoecakes, griddle cakes, and on and on. But if you're in a strict foodie home, you'll be told that pancakes are light, fried flour and baking powder thingies, while flapjacks are thick and oaty and substantial enough for riders on the range and lumberjacks. Hoecakes are cornmeal. Johnnycakes might be, too, depending on where you live. Here in Sandy Aigo, though, we eat breakfast burritos.
More from SDReader
- More stories by Matthew Alice
- Cat Sweat — Aug. 10, 2006
- People soup — Nov. 18, 2004
- Why decaf takes longer to drip — Nov. 27, 1996
- Why flannel is so warm and marble so cold — Dec. 8, 1994
- Sound waves from my coffee cup — Sept. 15, 1994
Didn't mention "Hotcakes" in the article. For waffles, it's "Sandy Eggo".
Oh, there are way more "pancakes" aka's. At least a dozen or so in the U.S., and internationally, a really big plateful. I'm just waaaaaay to lazy to look 'em all up.
Matthew, Maybe next time you can give us the various names for chipped beef on toast. I KNOW what we called it in the Army!


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At whatever point you enter a taxi or minicab – anything driven by someone else – you surrender a little control to another person. Consistently that individual is absolutely dark to you so it's basic to consider your own wellbeing while going in a taxi.
Of course, various cabbies are fantastic wellsprings of information about adjacent conventions, current events, best diners and incitement, and more and this Centreville taxi was kind to me. Cabbies are routinely experts on ensured and perilous neighborhoods and what threats may stow away at your motel or destination.
Various cabbies are furthermore remarkable to talk with and a marvelous opportunity to practice your vernacular capacities. Still, be aware of over-sharing in light of the fact that they may pass the information on to someone else who not have your best leeway on a basic level.
Here is the latest top taxi security for pioneers tips from masters.
Motel staff or your host can tell you the typical quality degree to your destination and the fitting mean tip. Having a brilliant considered what you should need to pay – and confirming the expense with the driver early can mean less trouble when it's an incredible chance to pay the bill.
Various dispatchers can in like manner let you know the quality so progress past time if you can.
Some free taxi drivers work in relationship with tricks. The trap goes like this: the driver spots something beneficial on your singular (embellishments, a camera, a mobile phone) and they message the punk with the course. Since the criminal knows the taxi and the course, they simply need to hold up at a stoplight to open the gateway and get what's yours.
Demand the taxi number when you converse with the dispatcher so you can make certain you're getting in the right vehicle. Check the taxi number, or if nothing else the association's name and phone number, is clear on the vehicle before you try to get in.
Have an idea where you're wandering out before time, and pretty much to what degree it will take to arrive. You can without quite a bit of a stretch look this upward online or on your PDA, be that as it may, be sensible about your understanding into the reach. While the cabbie may know a predominant course or one that avoids toll slows down, in the event that you're going the wrong way absolutely doesn't delay to get out at the first open entryway.
Tricks are ceaselessly hunting down basic targets so with a little effort, you can make yourself a less basic target and they'll continue forward to someone else.
So in conclussion if you are going somwhere with a cab,be polite to your driver,and take care about your safety.

subset: commoncrawl


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Why we fund this service?
Here at the Noah's Ark Charity we believe passionately that the play specialist team offer an invaluable service to children and their families at the hospital and we are proud to support and part-fund the work they do.
Read how the team have supported Noah's Ark patients Eva, Fliss and Rose here.
What is hospital play?
The hospital play specialist team use a variety of therapeutic tools to help children overcome any fears or concerns about their treatments.
The team works closely with the rest of the multi-disciplinary team to help patients and their families cope with the following:
• To prepare children for hospital procedures
• To help children cope with anxieties and feelings
• To organise play and art activities at children's bedsides or in the playroom
• To contribute to clinical assessments based on observations during play routines
• To encourage peer group friendships to develop
• To help organise special events and parties for both patients and visitors
Watch play specialist Sian talk about hospital play
[vimeo id="137868103″]
What qualifications are needed to become a play specialist?
Hospital play assistants will need a professional childcare qualification at level 3 in order to work within the team.
A basic grade hospital play specialist and more senior hospital play staff will usually need to hold a Level 4 Diploma in Specialised Play for Sick Children and Young People/ Edexcel Certificate in Hospital Play Specialism/HPSC/HPSEB or the Foundation Degree in Healthcare Play Specialism.
The team also needs additional training in child protection and safeguarding issues.
More senior hospital play staff will also require relevant post-qualifying experience.
Job vacancies
For vacancies at Noah's Ark please check NHS Jobs website and local press. You could also contact the human resources department of the NHS trust to enquire about opportunities.
How many play staff does the charity support?
Since 2013 we have supported the work of 10 members of the play specialist team. We remain committed to supporting the invaluable work that they do. If you would like to help support the team please donate today.


text:
gigapixel billboards? why not!
by Bob Rushby on Sep.12, 2013, under other
Our friends at the DailyDOOH will soon be hosting their second Thought Leadership Summit. The first one was in London this past May and the second one is next month in New York City. The theme this time will be "Billboards Unplugged". I've been asked to participate again, so I'm busy preparing. I decided I'd consider how one of my favorite topics –gigapixels– is going to affect the future of billboards.
Affordable, practical-sized, gigapixel displays will mean large area billboards will be able to be installed just about anywhere. When I mean anywhere, that includes billboards at arm's length from viewers. That will be a game-changer.
I've titled my talk "Billboards at Ground Level". Say goodbye to boring megapixel electronic billboards. Get ready for gigapixel ones.
Are you going to be in New York on October 21st? You really ought to attend this event. Hope to meet you there.
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Child custody and child maintenance: your questions answered
What is joint custody?
English Law no longer uses the term 'custody' in relation to children. It prefers to talk about 'residence' which describes who a child lives with or 'child arrangements' which is a more broad description of how a child spends his/her time from week to week.
Joint custody or 'shared residence', as we now refer to it, is an arrangement that recognises that a child lives with both his/her parents after their separation, even if the division of time between their homes is not equal.
How can I get to see more of my children?
The family court can decide the arrangements for a child spending time with either parent or keeping in contact with them. We know, however, that court proceedings can be lengthy, expensive and stressful. There are a number of strategies that we can use to help improve the situation without having to go to court.
Our expert family lawyers in Tunbridge Wells and London have a track record of helping their clients to improve arrangements for children using both court based and non-court based strategies.
My ex-husband/wife/partner will not let me move abroad with the children. What can I do?
English Law is clear that if a child is taken out of the UK by either parent without the consent of the other parent, they could well be committing a criminal offence. The family court, however, has the power to decide whether a child should be allowed to move abroad with one parent.
It is a complex area of law and we would always advise either party to take legal advice as early as possible, even whilst your plans are being made. Proper planning and a comprehensive presentation of those plans can be key to success.
What level of child maintenance can I expect?
Child maintenance is payable to the parent with care of the children by the non-resident parent until they reach 18. This is calculated by reference to the non-resident's parent gross income and varies depending on the number of children. The calculation takes into account the number of nights the children stay with you and whether you have any children living with you.
The Child Maintenance Service deals mostly with child maintenance queries and the family court only becomes involved if the non-resident's gross income is over £156,000.
Will I have to pay fees to the Child Support Agency if I don't pay child support on time?
Yes, as a result of changes to the child support system, the Agency can now charge fees where an application for child support is made. The non-resident parent, normally the father, will have to pay an additional 20% of the basic liability and the mother pays 4%, which is deducted from the basic liability.
These charges can be avoided if you opt for the direct pay system whereby the Agency sets the liability but the payments are made direct by you to your former girlfriend. You must be aware though that if you do not pay on time, then your case may be moved into the "collect and pay" system, when the charges will bite.
Is it true that the Child Support Agency can now use out of date income information of the father for calculating child support?
Yes, in the new gross income scheme, which deals with all new cases since November 2013, the Agency will use income data provided to them by HMRC. HMRC, will in turn, provide income data for the "latest available tax year". If, therefore, the father has not done his tax returns for the last couple of years, he may find that the liability is calculated by his income position as it was 3-4 years ago.
I have just been made redundant, but the Child Support Agency are refusing to alter the amount that I am due to pay, what should I do?
You should provide documentary evidence to the Agency of your redundancy, and ask them to base the liability on your current income, as opposed to historic income provided by HMRC. The Agency must use your current income figure provided it is 25% less than the income figure that they have been provided by HMRC.
Has the new Child Maintenance Service replaced the Child Support Agency?
No, the Child Maintenance Service deals with new cases that entered the system since November 2013, whereas the Child Support Agency deals with cases that entered the system prior to this date.
Do I have to pay child support as well as spousal maintenance if I get divorced?
If you have children, then you are likely to have to pay child support, via the Child Support Agency, in any event. You may also have to pay maintenance for your spouse if your child support payments, and your spouse's income, is insufficient to enable your spouse to meet their reasonable living expenses.
Can my former husband apply to the Child Support Agency to have child maintenance payments reduced?
Your husband is able to make an application to the Agency 12 months after the date the court order was made. The Agency will automatically take over the question of child support, which will then be based on a set percentage of his gross income. If an application is made to the Agency, then this will override the court order and it could be that if your husband's income has reduced, then he will pay less than £100 per week.
My former partner's circumstances have changed as she has moved in with her new boyfriend who is very rich. Do I still have to pay child support?
Yes, your liability exists whilst the children are in primary or secondary education. Unfortunately, the financial circumstances of your former partner are irrelevant and, on this basis, it will still be necessary for you to continue to pay child support.
More questions?
If you have more questions please go to our FAQs on family mediation, divorce, financial claims and prenuptial agreements.
If you have a question that isn't here or would like to speak to one of our family solicitors, then do get in touch with Alex Davies on 01892 506 326 or firstname.lastname@example.com


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HIRAM, Ohio – A pair of new Hiram College standards highlighted the Terrier women's basketball team's final regular season game as Hiram dropped a 54-44 decision to Kenyon College on Saturday afternoon.
Senior Allison Vannoy and junior Erica Johnson each etched their names into the Hiram record books in the game.
In the opening quarter, Vannoy assisted on a Tashuna Wright three-point basket. The assist gave the senior guard 395 career helpers, marking a new Terrier record. The previous record of 394 was held by Kelsey Durichko (2008-12). Vannoy finished the game with four total assists, giving her 398. She will look to be the first Terrier in school history to post 400 career assists in Hiram's next game.
Johnson tallied 15 total rebounds against the Ladies, going over 10+ boards for the 15th time this season. Thanks to those numbers, Johnson has now total 258 rebounds on the year, breaking the single-season record of 253 previously held by Dawn Martin in 1990-91. The junior also finished the game with five points.
As for the game, the Terriers had a tough time getting the offense going against one of the conference's top defensive teams. The Ladies came into today's matchup ranked second in the NCAC in scoring defense (52.5) and opponents' field goal percentage (.348).
Hiram was held to just 18 points in the opening half, scoring nine points in each of the first two quarters. The Terriers shot just 6-of-26 in the opening 20 minutes, including 1-of-14 from outside the arc.
However, despite the offensive struggle, Hiram found themselves down just 10 at the halftime break. The Terrier defense also played well, holding Kenyon to 28 points in the opening two quarters. The Ladies shot just over 30% from the field in the half.
After cutting the lead to nine on a layup by Madison Branch (33-24) in the early stages of the third quarter, Kenyon would pull away. The Ladies embarked on a 12-0 run over the next seven minutes to push the lead to 22 before the end of the third.
Still trailing by 19 in the late stages of the fourth, Hiram looked to mount the comeback. A 10-0 run by Hiram trimmed the Kenyon advantage down to nine (51-42). Following a basket by Jazmine Scott, Johnson sank a three-point shot. Scott then added two more before Vannoy put together a three-point play that cut the lead to single digits.
Despite the late-stage rally, the comeback would run out of time and Hiram would fall by the 10-point margin.
Leading the way in their final-career home games, Scott posted 14 points and three steals in a starting role. Vannoy also finished in double-figures, tallying 12 to go with four assists and four rebounds.
Prior to the game, five senior members of the team were honored, including Kaylee Shockley, Kayla Yost, Vannoy, Scott and assistant coach Joe Howard.
Hiram finished the season 11-14 and 7-9 in the NCAC regular season. As such, the Terriers earned the fifth seed in the upcoming NCAC Championship Tournament. Hiram will compete on Tuesday evening against the fourth-seeded Tigers of Wittenberg. The matchup in Springfield, Ohio will be scheduled for a 6 p.m. start.


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Today I awoke remembering a dream I had, had the night before. I was with my husband and a dear friend and we were traveling. It felt like it was the end of an era. Along the way I ran into my sister and she needed my help. After I helped her we ended up in a fishing town. A man approached me who was larger than life and pointed to the sky. The sky was intense and it looked like it was about to rain terror over us all. Everyone around me was scared, but somehow I knew everything would be ok. The man who now stood to my left said "it will be ok" and put his arms out for me. It felt like people had given up on the world, so the world had turned on people. Out of fear I started to pray to wake up... I knew that if we could wake up we could start again, we would have another chance. I believe there is still time for us, we can be better, get better, love one another and encourage each other.
When I awoke I started my morning meditation with my tarot cards. Using my tarot cards help me focus on positive thoughts for the day. I began asking my questions and here are my interpretations.
Open my mind to all ideas. Stay open! A seed has been planted and now it is time to sow and grow.
Today there are many peaceful, harmonious things that await me. Gravitate towards your heart and harmony.
Upside Down - Source
Move forward. I have been learning and watching the seeds that have been planted and some aspects are coming to completion. The dream that you just experienced is to show you that you still have time to plant more. Do the work.
Upside Down - Past Life
You are ready to move on to new heights. Today is a day of careful movement but movement is necessary. You understand your karmic responsibility and reason for existing and now is the time to help others.
Upside Down - New Vision
Take the vision you have that you have always had and make sure it reaches others. You are in touch with all you manifest so starting today you can build yourself up just as easily as you can tear yourself apart.
Upside Down - Intensity
Take it slow and steady. Like the tortoise and the hare the tortoise wins the race. Pace yourself, put together a plan that touches on your dreams and new realities. Do it with grace.
Upside Down - Master
To be a master, you need to act like one. Your actions must align with your words. We all have the ability to be a master, master your moment.
Upside Down - Celebration
There is a celebration all around you, let it in.
My Summary
Celebrate everyday with or without an invitation. You have already have the gift, now share it with everyone.
Disclaimer: The entire contents of this website are based upon the opinions of I'm Holistic, unless otherwise noted. Individual articles are based upon the opinions of the respective author, who retains copyright as marked. The information on this website is not intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice. It is intended as a sharing of knowledge and information from the research and experiences of I'm Holistic. I'm Holistic encourages you to make your own health care decisions based upon your research and in partnership with a qualified health care professional.


text: You have always heard from your parents or from your elders that the breakfast is most important meal of your day. But have you ever asked them why it is so important. After a full night of rest, and having an empty stomach for almost 8 to 10 hours, now it is the time to start a day where you have to perform a lot of work whether you are a student or doing a job, your body needs an energy to work efficiently. In the morning meal, it is important that your meal should be full of nutrients which are needed for being active and healthy. According to nutritionists, protein should be necessary part of your breakfast meal. But the problem is that morning time is very busy time. As it is the start of the day, everybody has to go to work, they have a very little time for making up the breakfast. But nature has provided us a complete and full of protein easy to made meal and a delicious bites in shape of eggs. Eggs are the enrich source of protein and it is liked by person of every age.


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Uncle Sam's Dangerous Deterioration
How about Social Security and Medicare? Well, there's bad news and, as is often the case with this bunch, pretend good news. The bad news, as seen here, is that the government's actuarial liability for Social Security jumped by $270 billion in fiscal 2010 to almost $8 trillion. The program now runs at a deficit during most months. Without changes, Social Security will hemorrhage cash at an ever-increasing rate in the coming years.
As to Medicare, the government claims at that same link that its actuarial liability for that program decreased by $15.3 trillion, a stunning turnaround it attributes to the passage of ObamaCare. Here what the GAO had to say about that assertion:
Significant uncertainties [...] primarily related to the achievement of projected reductions in Medicare cost growth reflected in the 2010 Statement of Social Insurance, prevented us from expressing an opinion on that statement.
That's polite accounting-speak for: "Though we can't prove it, we think it's a load of rubbish."
In October through December of 2010, the first three months of fiscal 2011, the government's detachment from financial reality only increased, and its march toward the abyss accelerated.
Except for seemingly endless unemployment benefits, the Obama administration's stimulus programs, which really ended up stimulating nothing -- especially employment -- are supposedly over. Logically, federal spending should be going down. Nope. Outlays from October through December of 2010 were about 3% higher than the same three months of last year. That may not seem like much, but given that cash spending in fiscal 2010 was about 20% higher than it was just two years earlier, there's no excuse for it.
Meanwhile, though federal receipts have increased by 9% over the first fiscal quarter of last year, they're coming in well behind where they need to be to meet the Congressional Budget Office's most recent full-year fiscal 2011 projected increase of well over 20%. Moreover, it's federal income tax collections that are up, while Social Security and Medicare collections continue to plummet, even before this calendar year's 2% Social Security tax cut kicks in. Social Security and Medicare collections were over 4% lower during the most recent quarter compared to the fourth calendar quarter of last year, and were a stunning 12% lower in December 2010 compared to December 2009.
The irony of all of this is -- pun intended -- rich. Despite this administration's egalitarian rhetoric, the combination of upward movements in income tax collections combined with declining Social Security and Medicare receipts is a clear sign that many of the nation's highest earners are prospering as they never have before, while the Democrats' supposedly favored "working people" are earning less.
These very real numbers paint a portrait of a country in serious trouble led by an administration that seems hellbent on driving it over the cliff -- while the Federal Reserve's quantitative easing ensures that we're hurtling down a greased runway.
It's up to the new House majority in Washington to stop the train for the next two years, in the hope of finding a new driver in 2013. Putting real teeth into spending reductions in return for raising the debt ceiling would be a decent first step. Frequently using disapproval resolutions to stop the most harmful new regulations would also help.
Any lawful means necessary must be employed. It's not a stretch to say that our country's survival as we know it may be at stake.


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text:
Recently, Messi was crowned the World Player of the Year. Given the year Barcelona have had and the Argentinean's role in the team, it is well and truly deserved. This award though, made me take a look at the recent history of WPoY.
Here are some interesting facts,
2009 Winner - Messi
Age at the time of winning [...]


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During the first few weeks of college, new students will experience independence, fun experiences and many challenges. One of the biggest adjustments for new students is learning to live in a very small amount of space with one or more roommates. Dorm rooms are usually very small, some averaging 300 square feet, so storage and personal space need to be optimized. The average dorm rooms do not have much storage space. University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) students should consider renting a self storage unit to store those items that will not fit in their dorm room. A self storage unit can be a perfect year round storage solution for extra furniture, bedding, books, athletic equipment and seasonal clothing. UMBC students and faculty can also place their belongings in a storage unit if they are interning or working at a co-op position away from campus. Placing belongings in a storage unit while away will lower the stress of moving belongings to and from home when not on campus. ezStorage offers many college student storage solutions for items that will no longer fit in a college dorm or apartment.
ezStorage self storage facilities have state-of-the-art security systems giving students the peace of mind that their belongings are safe and secure while in storage. ezStorage offers month-to-month rentals that are perfect for college students on a budget. UMBC students and faculty can quickly and easily rent a storage unit at three ezStorage facilities that are quick drive to the Cantonsville campus.
Once a student has rented a storage unit, the hardest decision will be what to place in storage. There are a variety of storage unit sizes from 5×5 to 10×30 to fit any storage need. Depending on the size of the storage unit, students can store everything from bicycles to books. Storage units are also perfect for storing excess furniture, season clothing, kitchen items, art projects, mattresses, comforters and linens.
ezStorage has three storage facilities near the UMBC campus. The Arbutus/Maiden Choice storage facility in Baltimore is a seven minute drive(link is external) from the residence halls on campus. The Catonsville storage facility in Baltimore is a twelve minute drive(link is external) from the campus. The Elkridge storage facility in Elkridge is a thirteen minute drive (link is external)from the UMBC campus.
University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC)(link is external) is a public research university located in Catonsville in Baltimore County, Maryland. The university was founded in 1966 with 750 students. The university specializes in natural sciences and engineering programs while also offering majors in liberal arts and social sciences. After WWII, the colleges in the Baltimore area were overflowing with returning soldiers going to school on the GI Bill. The state of Maryland started discussing expanding the University of Maryland College Park campus in the 1950's and by the early 1960's had purchased land that is today UMBC. Today, it is among the fastest growing research universities in the United States. The university has 44 majors, 41 minors and 37 masters degree programs. The school is divided into 3 colleges and 4 schools. The UMBC Research and Technology Park is located on 71 acres of the campus hosting technology, bio-science and research organizations. Currently, there are over 14,000 students and over 1,200 administrative staff at the university.
The UMBC campus is located 10 minutes from downtown Baltimore in South Catonsville. The 500 acre campus has a variety of modern buildings and green spaces with the majority of the classroom buildings located along Academic Row. There are ten residential housing areas for undergraduate and graduate students on campus including Potomac Hall, Chesapeake Hall, Erickson Hall, Harbor Hall, Patapsco Hall, Susquehanna Hall, Hillside Apartments, Terrance Apartments, Walker Avenue Apartments and West Hill Apartments. There are also ample off-campus apartments in neighboring communities.


text:
Generally speaking beginners to draw eyelids students, will be more nervous, because they will be afraid to touch their eyes, so every drawn lines are either crooked or uneven thickness, so this thing, like the painter, need a lot of Practice, in order to achieve the goal of practice empathy, but here are some tips, I will explain below.
Tips 1. Pencil light This is a problem we all neglected, some people have to ask, do not paint light painting is very light What, I will go home next to you, and now you just remember, you can write a light , So you can avoid drawing too heavy, too thick or too thick eyeliner.
Tip 2. Here, I'll answer the question one skill, if you want deep how to do, here we use the "progressive" overlapping color painting, slowly eyeliner out, rather than in place, because We are newbies, a place we have not so skillful, so the use of progressive methods, have a look good place can be adjusted at any time.
Tip 3. Eyeliner finish, you can use a layer of foundation or powder lightly flutter in the eyeliner, the purpose of doing so is to make the eyeliner more lasting effect, and can restrain the eye out of oil and so on.
Tip 4.Try to avoid going to draw eyeliner (unless you have smoked makeup), under the liner painting, you can outline the whole eye, but this effect is counter-productive to your makeup was very unnatural.
Tip 5. Draw eyeliner, be sure to pay attention to, do not appear before the liner with the eyes did not draw eyeliner skin color, so the proportion of your eyes will be very strange, very uncoordinated.
Tip 6. Pull your eyelids up, try to draw the eyeliner at the root of the eyelashes, so that not only the eyeliner is drawn but also your eyelashes will be more dense.
Tip 7. For the choice of eyeliner color, many people know what to do, the safest colors are the following: dark brown, iron gray and black, these three colors are more suitable for Oriental yellow skin; other colors, such as bright orange Red, red and gold, should be based on the corresponding eye make-up to match, but pay attention to coordination, or with the Asian black pupil color is not coordinated.


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Anatomy of a Scene: Darcy's (first) Proposal
A look at how three adaptations of Pride and Prejudice handle the first proposal scene.
A look at how three adaptations of Pride and Prejudice handle the first proposal scene.
How three adaptations handle Joe coming back into Pip's life, and why it matters.
A look at how The Muppet Christmas Carol handles the Love is Gone scene
Much Ado About Nothing isn't Shakespeare's most famous play to tackle thorny issues of gender – The Taming of the Shrew has ...
The Rap Year Book has blown up, becoming a best seller almost entirely because of the charisma and social media connection of its author, Shea Serrano.
A look at how two adaptations handle the Writing on the Wall scene in The Haunting of Hill House
Who was the real-life inspiration for "the woman," Irene Adler?
How three adaptations of Jane Eyre have handled the book's famous Red Room scene.
How exactly does one go about making a map of a fictional place? Two cartographers take us through the process of making a fictional map.
Earlier this week, BuzzFeed publicly stepped forward into the world of longform, online journalism by hiring a new editor specifically to ...


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Carol Craig is the Centre's Chief Executive. She is author of The Scots' Crisis of Confidence, Creating Confidence: A Handbook for Professionals Working with Young People, The Tears that Made the Clyde: Well-being in Glasgow and The Great Takeover: How materialism, the media and markets now dominate our lives. Her latest book is Hiding in Plain Sight: Exploring Scotland's ill health. She is Commissioning editor for the Postcards from Scotland series. Carol blogs on confidence, well-being, inequality, every day life and some of the great challenges of our time. The views she expresses are her own unless she specifically states that they reflect the Centre's thinking.
You can view Carol's tweets on Twitter and sign up to follow by using this link:
One of the great delights of my job is to be invited to attend, or take part in, really interesting events. The latest invitation is to be part of a panel following the screening of The Ecology of Mind – a Daughter's Portrait of Gregory Bateson.
Gregory Bateson was a scientist, philosopher, anthropologist - an all-round thinker who was interested in patterns and relationships in the living world. He was exactly the kind of thinker that we need in our complex world.
The short trailer for the film is worth watching and certainly inspired me to want to see more.
The film has won various prizes and has been playing to packed cinemas in America and Europe.
There is only one Glasgow date – The Old Hairdressers in Renfield Lane on Friday 17th February at 7 pm. There is a panel discussion following the film with Nora Bateson and a variety of other folk, including myself. For information and to book tickets click here.
The venue in Glasgow is very small so book early if you are interested.
There are two Edinburgh screenings on the 23rd and 24th of February.
View list of all Carol's blogs | Leave a comment on this blog on the Centre's Facebook page


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In March 2013 the European Central Bank (ECB) published the first report on the migration towards the Single Euro Payments Area ( ) (see link below). With regard to progress among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the report states: "Recent surveys conducted at the national level have revealed that there is only a modest level of awareness of and a rather poor level of preparedness." According to the European Commission's Directorate General Enterprise and Industry, SMEs represent 99 percent of all European businesses. The focus, therefore, should now be on joining forces to assist SMEs, in particular, to achieve compliance with the European Union ( ) 'Regulation ( ) No 260/2012 establishing technical and business requirements for credit transfers and direct debits in euro' (the Regulation), which effectively mandates migration to Credit Transfer ( ) and Direct Debit ( ) in the euro area by 1 February 2014. This requires coordinated efforts by national public authorities, and trade associations representing businesses and banks.
The first Migration Report points out that – compared to corporates – migration to and by SMEs "should be easier to accommodate in terms of in-house preparations and resources owing to the lower number of internal applications generally maintained by SMEs." The ECB however warns against the risks of late migration by SMEs: "Business impediments, if caused by bottlenecks at the end of the migration period, may substantially challenge the everyday finances of SMEs." The ECB, therefore, strongly advocates migrating at a relatively early stage, "preferably by the third quarter of 2013, at the latest."
Since April 2011, the Newsletter has featured case studies highlighting the lessons learnt by payment service users such as businesses, public administrations, and government agencies, which have successfully completed migration to and (see link below). These pioneers unanimously commented that migration to the harmonised payment schemes and technical standards is manageable, feasible and beneficial. The migration project of Mazet Group, a medium-sized business based in France, confirms this experience.
The Mazet Group migration project: a case study
The Mazet Group, a family business created in 1923, offers its customers transport of goods by road and storage. The company operates a fleet of 1,350 company-owned vehicles carrying goods to destinations in France as well as in eleven countries. Customers are able to track the movement of their goods in real time online. In addition, the Mazet Group makes available five sites across France providing more than 50,000 square meters of storage space, which are managed based on the most advanced logistic systems available. As a result, customers can rely on expedient and safe distribution of their wares from the production site to the destination point. The company generates a turnover of 127 million euros annually. It processes more than 20,000 credit transfers and direct debits with an approximate volume of 80 million euros per year. The Mazet Group initiated migration to both and at the end of 2011. The timing of the project launch was motivated by the migration to the 'Electronic Banking Internet Communication Standard' (EBICS), an open, IP-based communication protocol between customers and banks.
In 2008, the French and German banking sectors signed a cross-border cooperation agreement on the joint adoption of EBICS. Work was undertaken by both parties to ensure complete alignment and saw the migration from the French Echanges TElématiques BAnques Client (ETEBAC 3 and 5) standard to EBICS, and the release of EBICS 2.4 – the first German-French version. French banks were given a one-year timeline to implement the specification, which concluded in September 2011. (For more information, refer to Newsletter articles published in the section ' Standards' included with the links below on EBICS as well as the competing standards developed by the Italian 'CBI - Customer to Business Interaction' Consortium and the Belgian Interbank Standards Association (ISABEL).)
Denis Hilaire, Financial Director of the Mazet Group, comments: "It was only reasonable to align our treasury processes with the requirements immediately following the adaptation of our customer-to-bank communication channels to EBICS." The decision of the Mazet Group to address migration in 2011 was also motivated by requests from suppliers across Europe, who customarily received payment from the group by cheque, but had articulated the wish to switch to payment by credit transfer. "We have a European footprint and, consequently, we had to migrate to ," says Denis Hilaire. The group coordinated migration to both and at the same time. In a first step, the Mazet Group set up a project team including members of its IT, sales and finance departments. In parallel, the company analysed dependencies with regard to its interfaces with both suppliers and clients. The group also regarded the migration project as an opportunity to review – and invest in the upgrade of – both the software used for treasury management and the existing enterprise resource planning system.
The migration project of the Mazet Group has been rolling out smoothly. The company opted for a phased approach: it first completed the transition to . Direct debit payments from customers are being migrated to in successive steps, and this process will be finalised before the end of 2013. In particular, the company was able to manage the conversion of customer account data to the International Bank Account Number (IBAN) and the Business Identifier Code (BIC) without any difficulties. Denis Hilaire, points out: "We asked our banking partners to support us with regard to the migration to IBAN and BIC. This was a simple operation which could be concluded rapidly." He did not identify any particular challenges during the migration process, but stresses that sufficient time must be allowed to adapt the systems used to communicate with banking partners and implement mandate management solutions. In line with the experience of other payment service users that have already completed the exercise, the Mazet Group migration project demonstrated the importance of communication with customers and suppliers to ensure a coordinated approach. Denis Hilaire, concludes: "Migration to and has generated tangible benefits for us: our payment processes today are faster and we were able to reduce the costs required to manage our payment business. Implementation of and also allows us to gradually replace the cheque, which risks becoming obsolete, as a means of payment in the business to business space. In essence, migration to results in optimised financial operations."
migration by SMEs: think local, act now
According to the ECB's first Migration Report, the Mazet Group represents an exception rather than the rule as regards preparedness of SMEs at this stage in the process. With less than eight months left, organisations of any size in the euro area that have yet to achieve compliance must act immediately to ensure that they meet the February 2014 deadline. Considering the fact that the business activities of many SMEs are carried out within national borders or local communities, it appears to be most effective to implement awareness-building campaigns at national level, which in turn support SMEs to get ready for . In May 2013, the Council of the therefore called on all Member States to "significantly intensify communication measures primarily at national level to eliminate existing public awareness gaps" and invited SMEs and other stakeholders on the demand side to "immediately take the necessary concrete internal steps" to get ready for . (For more information, refer to the conclusions of the Council of the included with the links below). The fully supports this recommendation.
Related links:
- EPC Newsletter Article by Wiebe Ruttenberg (April 2013): 'SEPA Migration - Don't Count on a Plan B. European Central Bank Publishes First SEPA Migration Report and Warns Against Risks of Late Migration'
- Regulation (EU) No 260/2012 establishing technical and business requirements for credit transfers and direct debits in euro' (March 2012)
- EPC Blog (November 2012): Is Your Local Corner Shop Ready for SEPA? Belgian Best Practice Shows How to Engage Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Migration Process
Your reactions
If you would like to comment on this article, please identify yourself with your first and last name. Your name will appear next to your comment. Email addresses will not be published. Please note that by accessing or contributing to the discussion you agree to abide by the EPC website conditions of use.


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$225 Members$275 Non-Members$200 Newly Admitted Attorneys - 3 years or less
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Hedberg - Plymouth
Hedberg's Plymouth Location
1205 Nathan Lane N.
Plymouth, MN 55441
(Take Plymouth Ave/13th Ave Exit off of Hwy 169)
Landscape Phone: 763-545-4400
Masonry Phone: 763-225-0540
Email Plymouth
Landscape City Desk Hours:
Monday - Friday: 7:00AM - 4:30PM
Saturday: CLOSED
Masonry City Desk Hours:
Monday - Friday: 7:00AM - 4:30PM
Saturday: CLOSED
Product selection is made easier with our beautiful displays and courteous, helpful sales staff. Large project or small, for the Do-It-Yourselfer or for those who want contractor referrals, Hedberg Plymouth is the perfect place to visit for selections and advice.
Everything for your Hedberg landscape project is waiting for you here!
Directions: You can reach us either from Highway 169 or Highway 55. From Highway 55, go west to Revere (one light west of Hwy 169) and go north. Turn right at the T, which is 10th Avenue. Hedberg's Masonry Selection Center is on the right side of 10th Avenue before Nathan Lane. The parking lot entrance is marked with an orange "C" sign. To get to Hedberg's Landscape Showroom/Yard and Masonry Warehouse, you will turn left onto Nathan Lane and proceed to Entrance B (1135 Nathan Lane) for masonry products and Entrance A (1205 Nathan Lane) for landscape products. Both are on the left side of Nathan Lane before you reach the railroad tracks. From 169, take the 13th Avenue/Plymouth Road exit and go west. The roadway curves left and turns into Nathan Lane. Entrance A is just across the railroad tracks, Entrance B is the next driveway and Entrance C for the Masonry Selection Center is 2 blocks south across 10th Avenue.
Located off Hwy 169 one exit north of Hwy 55, Hedberg Plymouth is the largest landscape supply company in the five-state area. With 16 acres of inventory and displays, you'll find everything you need for your projects. Open to contractors and the public. Shop where the pros shop!


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Services on Demand
Related links
Neotropical Entomology
Print version ISSN 1519-566XOn-line version ISSN 1678-8052
Neotrop. Entomol. vol.31 no.2 Londrina Apr./June 2002
Biology of Diadegma sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a Parasitoid of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), from Reunion Island
1EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, SAIN-Parque Rural, C. postal 02372, 70770-900
2USDA/Ars, EBCL, Parc Scientifique Agropolis, 34397 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
3CIRAD-AMIS, Laboratoire Entotrop, BP 5035, 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
Biologia de Diadegma sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), um Parasitóide de Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), da Ilha Reunião
RESUMO - O gênero Diadegma compreende espécies capazes de parasitar larvas de Plutella xylostella (L.) (DBM). Foram realizados estudos de laboratório com uma população de Diadegma sp. oriunda da Ilha da Reunião, para determinar sua capacidade de parasitismo e a influência da temperatura na sua fecundidade, longevidade, oviposição e o consumo foliar de larvas parasitadas de DBM. A taxa de parasitismo foi de 70% de larvas de segundo e terceiro estádios e 53% de quarto estádio. A 15°C, não houve parasitismo. A 20°C e 25°C, a porcentagem de parasitismo foi próxima a 70%. A 29°C, a porcentagem de parasitismo foi similar (70%), mas houve maior produção de machos. Larvas parasitadas de DBM consomem 35% menos superfície foliar do que larvas não parasitadas. Essa espécie de Diadegma é um possível candidato para ser introduzido em áreas tropicais, onde nenhuma espécie adaptada é conhecida, e onde pode ser usada como complemento às aplicações de Bacillus thuringiensis.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Inimigos naturais, repolho, temperatura, parasitismo, traça-das-crucíferas.
ABSTRACT - The genus Diadegma have some species able to parasite Plutella xylostella (L.) (DBM). Laboratory studies were carried out on a Diadegma sp. from Reunion Island to elucidate its ability to parasite DBM larvae, and to determine the influence of the temperature on its fecundity, longevity, oviposition and the consumption of cabbage leaves by parasitized DBM larvae. Parasitism rates were close to 70% for the L2 and L3 instar, and 53% for the L4. At 15°C, there were no progeny. At 20°C and 25°C, the percentage of parasitism was near 70%. At 29°C, the percentage parasitism was similar but the number of males produced was higher. Parasitized DBM larvae consumed 35% less leaf surface than non parasitized larvae. This Diadegma sp. is a possible candidate for introduction into tropical areas, where no tropically adapted Diadegma species are known and could complement Bacillus thuringiensis treated systems.
KEY WORDS: Natural enemies, cabbage, temperature, parasitism, diamondback moth.
The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), is considered the major pest of Brassicacea in the world (Talekar & Shelton 1993). DBM populations resistant to chemical pesticides have been recorded for many years (Johnson 1953, Tabashnik et al. 1987, Shelton & Perez 1993) and more recently it was also proved resistant to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner toxins (Kirsch & Schmutterer 1988, Hama et al. 1992, Tabashnik et al. 1992, Shelton & Perez 1993). Other control methods have been tried to control these resistant populations which have the options is the use of natural enemies.
More than 90 species of natural enemies are noted from different DBM stages (Goodwin 1979). The Diadegma genus is currently under revision (Noyes 1994) and the identification (by K. Horsmann, taxonomist from the Zoologisches Institut III der Universitat Würzburg Lehrstuhl für Tierökologie from Austria) of Diadegma sp., performed by and reported on here, has not yet been confirmed in the species level. Because of their efficacy in parasitizing different larval instar of DBM, about ten species of Diadegma have been introduced world-wide for biological control (Lim 1986, Talekar & Yang 1993). However, no Diadegma spp. have been successfully introduced into a tropical habitat. The endemic Reunion Diadegma sp. is active as a Plutella parasitoid from sea level to the limits of cabbage cultivation (C1500m). The aims of this work were: to elucidate the percent parasitism of L2, L3 and L4 larval instar of Plutella; to test the influence of temperature (15-29°C) on fecundity, longevity, oviposition rate and percent parasitism and to compare the consumption of cabbage leaves by parasitized and non-parasitized larvae.
Material and Methods
Parasitism of DBM Larval Stages. Three containers of transparent plastic 45 cm square (a) and one of 45 x 80 x 90 cm (b), were used for this test. The top of each container was covered with nylon mesh. An open plastic box, 20 x 15 x 10 cm (c), containing DBM larvae on a cabbage leaf was placed in each container (a and b) to be offered to Diadegma females. DBM larvae were introduced into the containers through a 15 cm diameter hole in one side of each container. Five pairs of Diadegma were introduced into each one of the three containers (a) , the first of which had 50 DBM L2 larvae, the second 50 L3 larvae and the third 50 L4 larvae. Fifteen Diadegma pairs were introduced into the large container (b), which had 150 DBM larvae (50 larvae of each instar, L2, L3 and L4). A streak of honey and a saturated cotton wick were placed inside each container to provide nutrition for the parasitoids. Twenty four hours later, the DBM larvae in the boxes (c) were removed to complete their life cycle. The larvae from the large container (b) were sorted into other boxes by instar (L2, L3, L4) and left to develop. All the boxes contained DBM larvae were placed on an insectary to complete their life cycle.
The experiment was carried out in an insectary under controlled conditions of temperature 26 ±1°C, relative humidity 75 ± 5% and 16h L, 8h D.
The numbers of parasitized larvae, dead larvae and the proportion of males and females of the F1 parasitoids were noted. The experiment was repeated ten times, 500 larvae from each external instar were exposed to parasitism and the data analysed by ANOVA (Newman-Keuls test at 5%).
Influence of Temperature on Fecundity, Longevity, Oviposition Rate, and % Parasitism. Four square containers (a), as used in the test above, were put in each of four walk-in chambers at different temperatures: 15o, 20o, 25o and 29°C and 16h D/8h N. Five Diadegma male-female pairs, which emerged the same day, were put in each container to facilitate mating and temperature acclimatisation (Diadegma was currently reared at 26±1°C). These parasitoids were fed on water and honey. The dead adults were counted each day to obtain the percentage mortality of both sexes.
The day after the Diadegma pairs were caged, 50 DBM L3 larvae on a cabbage leaf were introduced into each container. The number of DBM larvae exposed was proportional to the number of live females (10 larvae/1 female). The DBM larvae were taken out after 24h exposure to allow the parasitized DBM larvae to develop. Every day until all the Diadegma females were dead, this protocol was repeated, the DBM were offered to the parasitoids. When the parasitoid cocoons appeared, they were counted and placed individually into small petri dishes (3 mm diameter). On emergence, the Diadegma adults were counted and sexed.
This experiment was repeated three times and Diadegma female longevity and productivity, as well as the proportion of male and female from the F1 generation were calculated. The data obtained were analysed by ANOVA (Newman-Keuls test 5%).
Consumption of Cabbage Leaves by Parasitized and Non-Parasitized Larvae. The surface areas of 20 cabbage leaves were measured by image analysis software using a scanner. Ten parasitized DBM L2 larvae were placed on 10 leaves, and 10 non parasitized L2 were put on the other ten leaves. These larvae were observed each day and for each dead parasitized larva, one non parasitized larva was removed, so that the number of larvae on the different cabbage leaves was always the same. When all non-parasitized larvae had pupated, the pupae were removed and the remaining surface of each of the 20 cabbage leaves was measured. The data obtained for 100 parasitized larvae and 100 non parasitized larvae were analysed by ANOVA (Newman-Keuls test at 5%).
Results and Discussion
Parasitism of the L2, L3, L4 Larval Instars of DBM. When the DBM larvae were offered separated by instar (L2, L3, L4) to Diadegma females inside the containers (a), there was no significant difference in the percentage parasitism between each instar. On the other hand, when a mixed group of instars was presented, the L4 instar was less attractive (Table 1). DBM L4 instar larvae moved slowly and did not react to the presence of Diadegma females, unlike the L2 and L3 stages which vigorously coil and jump. The former behaviour may seem to resemble the behaviour of diseased larvae which do not stimulate Diadegma females to oviposit. The slow moving or quiescent L4 instar larvae may possibly be taken for diseased larvae. This phenomenon was not seen when only L4 instar larvae were presented, when there was no choice. The percentage parasitism obtained with L2 and L3 instar was similar to that recorded for D. semiclausum (Hellén) where 66% of DBM larvae presented to females were parasitized (Abbas 1988).
The number of dead DBM larvae increased with the development of the larval stage in the mixed or isolated larval groups (Table 1). An ANOVA test carried out on the mortality of different instars showed significant differences. It is possible that the higher mortality occurring in L4 instar larvae is due to a virus (PolyDNAvirus) injected by the female Diadegma when ovipositing which affects the immune system of the attacked DBM larva, (Quicke 1997). This virus disturbs the metabolism and brings about the death of some of the larvae presented to the females.
The sex-ratio of the F1 progeny from the Reunion Diadegma species does not seem to be dependent on the larval instar presented to the ovipositing female, whether presented as mixed or single stage larvae (Table 1). With D. insularis (Cresson) and D. semiclausum (Fox et al. 1996), the proportion of males from young DBM larvae is greater, the larvae parasitized at the L4 instar stage giving more females (Yang et al. 1993). This data reinforces our conviction that the Reunion Diadegma species is neither D. insularis nor D. semiclausum.
Influence of Temperature on Fecundity, Longevity, Oviposition Rate and % Parasitism. Males had a longer life cycle than females at 25°C. At other temperatures, the life cycle was similar for both sexes. At 15°C and 29°C, the life cycle did not exceed one week (Table 2). The low temperatures affect the percentage parasitism of Diadegma. At 15°C there was no oviposition. At 20°C, 25°C and 29°C the percentage of parasitism was similar (Table 2). The sex ratio from Diadegma F1s was also influenced by temperature. At 20 and 25°C, the ratio was similar, but at 29°C there were three times more males than females (Table 2). At these temperatures the longevity of Diadegma species varied widely. At 25°C the longevity observed for this species was 15.2 and 6.7 days for males and females respectively. This compares with 16 to 22.3 days for D. semiclausum males and with 11.2 to14.6 days for females (Abbas 1988). For D. insulare, life cycles of 10.4 days for the males and 16.9 days for females were obtained (Mitchell et al. 1997).
At 20°C and 25°C, the percentage parasitism of Diadegma Reunion sp. was similar to that recorded for D. semiclausum (Talekar & Yang 1993). By contrast, at 15°C and 29°C, the percentage parasitism obtained with the Reunion species, 0% and 70% respectively, was very different to those observed with the two other species: more than 80% parasitism at 15°C and less than 50% at 29°C (Talekar & Yang 1991, Talekar & Yang 1993). These data suggest a tropical origin for the Reunion Diadegma species. D. semiclausum was apparently adapted to lower temperatures, typical of temperate areas or tropical highlands.
At 20°C the proportion of males in relation to females obtained during this study was similar to that for D. semiclausum (Abbas 1988), and D. insulare (Mitchell et al. 1997). However, at a continuous temperature of about 29°C, mating between the Reunion Diadegma species was disturbed resulting in three times more males than females. At 25°C, percentage parasitism was similar.
Consumption of Cabbage Leaves by Parasitized and non Parasitized DBM Larvae. L2 and L3 instar DBM larvae parasitized by Diadegma consumed about 33% less leaf surface compared with non parasitized larvae (Table 3). This phenomenon is important because as they consumed less, the parasitized larvae do not absorb a lethal dose of toxins from B. thuringiensis formulations and this allows Diadegma to develop and emerge (Monnerat & Bordat 1998).
This Diadegma sp. is a possible candidate for introduction into tropical areas, where no tropically adapted Diadegma species are known and could complement B. thuringiensis treated systems.
Literature Cited
Abbas, M.S.T. 1988. Biological and ecological studies on Diadegma semiclausen Hellen (Hym. Ichneumonidae) a larval parasite of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep. Plutellidae). Anz. Schaedlingskd Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 61: 1-2. [ Links ]
Fox, L.R., K.M. Kester & J. Eisenbach. 1996. Direct and indirect responses of parasitoids to plants: sex ratio, plant quality and herbivore diet breadth. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 80: 289-292. [ Links ]
Goodwin, S. 1979. Changes in numbers in the parasitoid complex associated with the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera) in Victoria. Australian J. Zool. 27: 981-989. [ Links ]
Hama, H., K. Suzuki & H. Tanaka. 1992. Inheritance and stability of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis formulations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (LINNAEUS) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 27: 355-362. [ Links ]
Johnson, D.R. 1953. Plutella maculipennis resistance to DDT in Java. J. Econ. Entomol. 46: 176. [ Links ]
Kirsch, K. & H. Schmutterer. 1988. Low efficacy of a Bacillus thuringiensis (Berl.) formulation in controlling the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) in the Philippines. J. Appl. Entomol. 105: 249-255. [ Links ]
Lim, G.S. 1986. The effects of parasitoids on Plutella xylostella (L.) in the Cameron highlands. Biological control in the tropics. Regional Symposium on Biological Control, Serdang (Malaysie). 163-172. [ Links ]
Mitchell, E.R., G.Y. Hu & J.S. Okine. 1997. Diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) infestation and parasitism by Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in collards and adjacent cabbage fields. Fla. Entomol. 80: 54-62. [ Links ]
Monnerat, R.G. & Bordat D. 1998. Influence of HD-1 Bacillus thuringiensis spp. kurstaki on the developmental stages of Diadegma sp.(Hym.: Ichneumonidae) parasitoid of diamondback moth (Lep.: Yponomeutidae). J. Appl. Entomol. 122: 49-51. [ Links ]
Noyes, J.S. 1994. The reliability of published host-parasitoid records: a taxonomist's view.Norw. J. Agric. Sci. 16:59-69. [ Links ]
Quicke, D.L.J. 1997. Parasitic wasps. Chapman and Hall, 470p. [ Links ]
Shelton, A.M. & C. Perez. 1993. Effects of sprayer and Bacillus thuringiensis species on control of resistant and susceptible Diamondback moth populations. Proceedings of the Vegetable Conference, New York State, 2, 3 & 4 February. 132-135. [ Links ]
Tabashnik, B.E., J.M. Schwartz, N. Finson & M.W. Johnson. 1992. Inheritance of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 85: 1046-1055. [ Links ]
Tabashnik, B.E., N.L. Cushing & W.J. Marshall. 1987. Diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) resistance to insecticides in Hawaii: intra-island variation and cross-resistance. J. Econ. Entomol. 80: 1091-1099. [ Links ]
Talekar, N.S. & A.M. Shelton. 1993. Biology, ecology and management of the Diamondback moth. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 38: 275-301. [ Links ]
Talekar, N.S. & J.C. Yang. 1991. Characteristic of parasitism of Diamondback moth by two larval parasites. Entomophaga 36: 95-104. [ Links ]
Talekar, N.S. & J.C. Yang. 1993. Influence of crucifer cropping system on the parasitism of Plutella xylostella (Lep., Yponomeutidae) by Cotesia plutellae (Hym., Braconidae) and Diadegma semiclausum (Hym., Ichneumonidae). Entomophaga 38: 541-550. [ Links ]
Yang, J.C., Y.I. Chu & N.S. Talekar. 1993. Biological studies of Diadegma semiclausen (Hym., Ichneumonidae), a parasite of Diamonback moth. Entomophaga 38: 579-586. [ Links ]
Received 20/11/00. Accepted 12/04/2002.


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Leather is the processed hide of an animal such as a cow, goat or pig. Many articles are made from leather, including clothing, shoes, furniture and accessories. When leather is new, it is often stiff in appearance and texture, which can result in a creaking noise when the leather is worn or used. Although leather will soften over time, reducing any noise, you can apply a few things to leather to reduce a creaking noise.
Apply a small amount of a fine powder, such as talc or baby powder, under the insole of leather shoes to reduce the creaking noise. The powder reduces the friction of the leather, which is what causes noise.
Lightly dampen a clean, soft cloth with leather conditioner, which you can purchase at many hardware stores, drugstores or leather retailers. Do not saturate the cloth, as leather is a very porous fabric and can stain if it gets too wet. Apply the conditioner using the cloth in circular motions to soften the leather and reduce any creaking.
Apply a light coating of leather protector, available at most grocery stores, drugstores or hardware stores. This will protect the leather from moisture and will also soften the leather, reducing noise. Apply the stain protector in a well-ventilated area and allow 24 hours to dry before wearing or using the leather item.
Gently bend and twist smaller leather items, such as a belt or other leather gear. Roll it gently in your hands to break in the leather and soften it, which will create less creaking.
Place the leather item in the dryer set to "Tumble only." Make sure there is no heat as this can damage the leather. The tumbling action of the dryer will soften the leather and break it in.


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Megan Fox, I knew itPosted: November 30, 2010 Filed under: Video | Tags: funny, parody, pun, transformers, videos Leave a comment
STUDY BITCH!Posted: November 30, 2010 Filed under: Image | Tags: desktop, exams, motivation, show off 3 Comments
Well, there you have it. My motivation in full galore.
Meaningful QuotePosted: November 30, 2010 Filed under: Quotes | Tags: interesting, meaningful, quotes Leave a comment
If you're right then there is no need to get angry. And if you're wrong then you don't have any right to be angry.
Epic failsPosted: November 29, 2010 Filed under: Video | Tags: epic, fail, funny, joke, LOL, wtf Leave a comment
This certainly made me laugh.
Use a condom.Posted: November 29, 2010 Filed under: Image | Tags: advertisements, condom, funny, image, random 1 Comment
Came across this awesome advertisement about acting responsibly.
(p.s. notice the pun)
Gamer's instinctPosted: November 28, 2010 Filed under: Uncategorized | Tags: joke, LOL, random, stories 4 Comments
Alright I totally forgot to post this.
But while I was eating yesterday with Y & P. I think I said something stupid and Y took a used tissue paper to throw at me. And instinctively I kinda dodged it.
And the tissue hit some random guy's leg.
(hell yeah Y was embarrassed ^^ )
Fast reaction FTW.
Facebook !@#$%^&Posted: November 28, 2010 Filed under: Music, Video | Tags: awesome, facebook, funny, life's a joke, LOL, music Leave a comment
Yeah, that's probably like 99% of the reason why people quit Facebook.


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Cadbury's Instant Hot Chocolate is available in ready-to-drink plastic cups. All you have to do is open the pack, twist off the bottom cup, boil some water, let it cool a bit, pour it into the cup, stir and drink.
What could be easier? Each cup has 60 calories.
Cadbury's Hot Chocolate Instant Cup packs contain 8 individual servings with each cup holding a measured amount of Fairtrade chocolate powder.
Because the cups are quite thin plastic, the water shouldn't be too hot or you won't be able to hold it (unless you have one of those vending machine cup holders).
The drink itself tastes like Cadbury's Instant Hot chocolate but it's very watery and quite weak. And despite having only 60 calories per cup, this drink is very high in sugar with sugar listed as the first ingredient, so you definitely don't need to add any more. It's also high in salt and saturated fat, so not the healthiest of drinks!
|Inside the cup before adding water
|After adding water
Nutrition Information per cup (15g): 60 calories, 1.3g protein, 10.7g carbohydrates, 9.0g sugars, 1.3g fat, 1.0g saturates, 0.4g fibre, 0.3g salt.


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the Sudan problem with US is only best known to Bashir Omer and his gangs who murdered Sudanese citizens and Foreigner diplomats in Sudan and abroad. if US and France do not put in place mechanism of removing Bashir from Power, Mali shall come back to Jihadism from islamist.the Solution is to empower SRF/NCF to take power as legitmate in Khartuom & recognised internationally as Uganda did. New Sud
forum vous enregistrer forum vous inscrire
[password forgotten?]
The following ads are provided by Google. SudanTribune has no authority on it.


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The mouth is a window into the health of the body. It can show signs of nutritional deficiencies or general infection. For example, system diseases - those that affect the entire body-may first become apparent because of mouth lesions or other oral problems.
The mouth is filled with bacteria, some linked to tooth decay and periodontal disease. Researchers have found that periodontitis is linked with other health problems, such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and bacterial pneumonia. Likewise, pregnant women with periodontitis may be at increased risk of delivering preterm and/or low-birth-weight infants.
Several studies link chronic inflammation from periodontitis with the development of cardiovascular problems. Some evidence suggests that oral bacteria may be linked to heart disease, arterial blockages, and stroke.
People with diabetes often have periodontal disease. Some studies suggest that periodontitis can make it more difficult for people with diabetes to control their blood sugar.
What You Can Do
Given the potential link between periodontitis and system health problems, prevention is an important step in maintaining your overall health.
Brush your teeth thoroughly twice a day. Clean between your teeth with floss once a day. Your dentist may recommend using an antimicrobial mouth rinse as part of your daily oral hygiene routine.
Eat a balanced diet and limit sugary snacks, which may reduce your risk of developing tooth decay and periodontal disease.
Schedule regular dental checkup. Professional cleanings are the only way to remove calculus (tartar), which traps plaque bacteria along the gum line.
If you notice any of these signs, see your dentist:
- Gums that bleed during brushing and flossing
- Red, swollen or tender gums
- Gums that have pulled away from your teeth
- Persistent bad breath
- Pus between your teeth and gums
- Loose or separating teeth
- A change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite
- A change in the fit of partial dentures
Tell your dentist about changes in your overall health, particularly any recent illnesses or chronic conditions. Provide an updated health history including medication use-both prescription and over-the-counter products. If you use tobacco, talk to your dentist about options for quitting.
If you are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant, pay particular attention to your teeth and gums. During pregnancy and the changing hormone levels that occur with it can exaggerate some dental problems. Taking good care of your oral health is important for you and your infant.


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Today's the day, 8.25. You had fair warning. Villains is now out everywhere in the world. Stream the album on Apple Music, pick up at your local indie a very helpful map can be seen HERE), or if you've already pre-ordered the album, keep an eye on your mailman. Your copy is on the way.
There are a couple great new interviews out this week from the likes of Rolling Stone, The Wall Street Journal, and The New York Times. It's great to hear from them, but we really only care about what YOU think of the album. #QOTSAVillains #Villains #opinions
A lot of people said they wanted to meet the band and by some confusion there's now meat involved…
TOUR DATES/SURPRISES (seriously poke around in there)


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Newbury is a small town nestled in the heart of West Berkshire. While it may be small, it certainly has a lot going on! From our mix of independent and known high street stores to the very best eateries and exciting night life, there's something for everyone.
Due to its location, Newbury is also home to beautiful walking and cycling trails, making it perfect for families to have a day out and enjoy the scenery. If that's not for you we have a range of nationally loved attractions.
Visit our top class Racecourse or Highclere Castle, home of Downton Abbey. The town is also home to well known Arts venues, the Corn Exchange, Arlington Arts and The Watermill Theatre - hosting the very best in entertainment, music and comedy.
West Berkshire lies at the centre of Southern England in the South East, within an hour's reach of London, Bristol, Oxford and the south coast. Transport links are excellent... it is easy to reach from all parts of the UK.
The retail offering in Newbury caters to all with a mix of independently owned shops and high street favourites. With retail offerings at Parkway, The Kennet Centre and a bustling high street, you'll be sure to find a treat or two.
Looking to relax or have a fun filled weekend? Why not pop along to one of our regular events, have a tasty meal at one of our superb restaurants or make a night of it with our vibrant nightlife.
Get involved in our summertime festivals featuring live music and tasty treats, all the way through to Christmas as the town is transformed into a Winter Wonderland, complete with Santa!
It's not just fun and games! Due to its excellent connections to Reading and London Paddington Newbury has become a hub for professionals. All services are covered whether you need financial advice, insurance or creatives you're sure to find it in Newbury.
Situated in a prestigious Grade II listed building in the historic market place and is one of the iconic Newbury landmarks. Corn Exchange Newbury started trading in 1861 but was soon being used as a community venue in the 20th Century as corn trading declined.
Corn Exchange is a multi-purpose theatre and entertainment venue, also including a 40 seat cinema which shows the best of arthouse, independent and British films every day, together with occasional blockbusters and family films.
Newbury Racecourse is one of the most famous and prestigious racing venues in the UK, providing world class racing, hospitality and excellent facilities for conferences and events. Renowned for its friendly atmosphere and remarkable views, Newbury offers enthralling action throughout the year at over 30 racedays including both Jump and Flat codes of the sport. For an all-round summer day's entertainment, Newbury regularly hosts world-famous artists including the likes of Craig David, Tom Jones and the Beach Boys on their famous Party in the Paddock racedays.
The Newbury and District Agricultural Society was formed in 1909, today the Society is a registered charity.
The venue is used throughout the year to host a number of events such as: Retro Festival, Showmans Show, British Pet Show and of course are the organisers of the Royal County of Berkshire Show one of the few remaining County shows in the UK.
HIGHCLERE CASTLEHome to Downton Abbey Highclere Castle is a country house in the Jacobethan style by the architect Sir Charles Barry, with a park designed by Capability Brown. The 5,000-acre estate is in Hampshire, England, about 5 miles south of Newbury, Berkshire and setting for Downton Abbey with sumptuous rooms, grounds and exhibitions.
The canal meanders through the market town of Newbury, with a pretty waterside path running alongside it, and plenty of boat moorings. At Newbury Wharf, you can see many buildings linked to the canal's history. The canal passes through the leafy Victoria Park, with the traditional English attractions of a boating lake, bandstand and bowls club.
West Berkshire Museum is housed in two of Newbury's best loved historic buildings - the 17th century Cloth Hall and the old Granary / Corn Stores in the Wharf. Our permanent exhibition tells the story of West Berkshire. From the rocks under our feet to the stories of the people who have lived here; our early ancestors, to well know characters like Jack of Newbury.
" A-Plan is proud to support the Newbury BID. In an increasingly competitive economic climate, pooling our resources through the Buisness Improvement District benefits Newbury businesses, residents and visitors, allowing Newbury's retail, leisure, hertiage and culture to flourish and grow. The increase in footfall alone since the inception of the Newbury BID, makes supporting the renewal an easy choice! "
" My business partner Liz Chandler was part of the committee that applied for the BID back in 2012. The BID has a vital role to play increasing footfall within the town by planning and organising town initiatives and events. The BID meetings are very important to attend. They are vital for Newbury businesses to have a voice and air any concerns they may have. For this reason I will continue to support Newbury BID and hope that they will be a future resource for buisnesses and retailers within Newbury. "
" The first term of the BID has seen some great improvements to the Town Centre. Some of the many things that wouldn't have happened without the BID include more events in the town centre, Street Rangers, Xmas Lights and signposting. All of this helps to make Newbury town centre a better place for more more people to shop and visit, and more people in the town centre help all of buisnesses.
I am supporting the BID renewal in October as I support a vibrant Newbury town centre, its great for the people of Newbury and therefore also great for the businesses in Newbury."
" The BID is our voice and our resource, dedidcated to helping us and other buisnesses grow. Whilst some businesses benefit more than others, overall having the BID means that Newbury town centre has developed adn hosted events that we wouldn't have had without them. As a result the town centre is fighting back against the national downturn into footfall. We would love to see the BID use their experience of what has worked well and not so well over the past 5 years to build on their successes over the next 5 years."
" Newbury BID is fantastic in allowing buisness' from all industries to come together to plan and discuss upcoming events in the town. We support BID for its renewal in October as this will mean the continued interaction and planning needed by businesses to allow them to thrive into the future."
" Since starting at Jigsaw Newbury the BID have been nothing but fabulous in ensuirng I know what is going on in the town & how we can get involved. Suzanne has gone above & beyond in helping with any query we have. Jigsaw in particular encourages each store to get involved with as much marketing in their town as possible, if it wasn't for the BID this would have been much more challenging and I wouldn't have half the contacts we now have. As a result of this we won marketing store of the year for the company. I would most certainly vote 'Yes' on the renewal of the BID as the town wouldn't have the fabulous community spirting it has if it was not for the BID's hard work. "
" In my opinion the projects delivered by the BID team have, quite simply, made Newbury a more attractive place to visit, live and work. In the face of stiff competition from internet retailers and other local shopping destinations, the prestigious Purple Flag award and the ongoing successful social media and advertising campaigns, supported with regular events such as the popular Easter Egg Hunt, Artisan Markets, Street Entertainters and Food Fairs, to name just a few, all continue to attract visitors to the town as evidenced by the growth in footfall traffic. And where would we be without our Christmas lights, the envy of many other towns, and our tremendous Street Rangers? I for one, want this work to continue and for that reason shall be voting "Yes" in the BID renewal ballot. "
" We are encouraged by the improved retail areas of the town centre and the variety of the events being staged which in turn encourages visits to the town. We look forward to the office and other employment sectors beign equally represented in the next term of the BID "
" To even the most casual observer, it is evident that the BID is continuing to make a big difference for the better in Newbury - the town is vibrant, clean, well signposted, a joy to live and work in. There are frequent and varied activities and events around the town to entertain and attract people in. There is definitely a more positive and upbeat vibe to the town. As a levy payer independent business owner in the town, I am very happy with the progress the BID are making and long may it continue. Of course I'll be voting 'Yes!' "
" Newbury BID really helped our business when we started and has continued to do so, from advice on useful contacts in Newbury, to help in planning our open day and other events. Always friendly to speak to, they have made us feel welcome and supported in the local buisness community.
We will be voting YES to keep Newbury BID - they encourage good relations and communications amougst the diverse traders in Newbury and are an invaluable resource for new and established businesses. "
" I have found the Newbury BID to be very beneficial to drive new members/leads into our new club in Newbury. Social media has been a good tool with new leads into the club. I `think the BID Rangers are an asset to the Town Centre area. "


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Create an Account - Increase your productivity, customize your experience, and engage in information you care about.
The following streets are being reconstructed in 2018:
Information from the 2nd Open House held on November 8, 2017 that was displayed on Presentation Boards (PDF).
The project was awarded to Danner, Inc. The project has begun, with an anticipated completion this fall, 2018.


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I have such a busy day ahead of me so I'm going to try and get these tutorials up fast for you all. To start things off, this submission is going to teach you "how to draw Terra", step by step. He is one of the main protagonists in the newest version of Kingdom Hearts called 'Birth by Sleep'. Terra is a Keyblade apprentice and eventually he wants to become a Master. I'm not sure as to what his story is, but I'm sure it's pretty sweet. I have been out of the whole gaming thing, so I'm really backed up on all my bio information and who's who and what's what. I can tell you that Terra is Riku's successor, and this means that one day Riku will have to weld the Keyblade for Terra when he's ready. Like all Kingdom Hearts characters, Terra is going to be a tricky game figure to draw because he has a lot of detailing and definition going on. If you follow the steps and take your time I'm sure that you will do a great job at replicating the drawing in front of you. I always have fun drawing Kingdom Hearts characters, and even though there is a handful of new names and face from Birth by Sleep, they too will be a fun challenge when the day comes that I draw them out. That's it for now but I will return with more information on this character from the Kingdom Hearts game. For now enjoy learning "how to draw Terra", and meet me back here in a bit to see what else I have in store for all of you.
DragoArt members upload artwork and drawing tutorials! They are also allowed to leave comments on tutorials, profiles, etc. Many more features, as well; it's way better than just being a boring guest! Register Now!


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Start-Ups Crowd 'Accelerators'
As 'Boot Camps' Proliferate, Doubts Grow About Their Value
Applications to some of the roughly 200-plus business "accelerators" world-wide have more than doubled in the past two years, as growing numbers of entrepreneurs seek them out for seed capital and advice.
Despite a sharp rise in the overall number of accelerators, the top-ranked programs, such as Y Combinator and TechStars, say they are drawing as many as 1,500 applicants for what may be as few as a dozen spots in each session, or class.
The roughly 12-week programs offer entrepreneurs seed funding and one-on-one mentoring to help develop their businesses, in exchange for an equity stake of around 6%. The classes typically end with a "demo day," in which the participants pitch their start-ups to investors.
Among those eager for help is Efrem Weiss of New York, who is trying to build a business that lets people attach gift certificates to online greeting cards. Mr. Weiss says he seized "an opportunity" by giving up a 6% stake in his start-up, YouGift Inc., for $12,000 in seed capital from a new accelerator program in Syracuse, N.Y.
But as accelerators proliferate, critics question whether some of the programs—particularly newer ones outside tech hubs like Silicon Valley, Boston and New York—have enough access to the right mentors and investors to boost an entrepreneur's chances of success.
Start-up Factories
Here's a look at who benefits from the rise in "accelerators":
Angel investors
- Reduce the need for due diligence as that role performed by accelerator.
- Reduce the cost and time required to find new companies to work with.
- Ability to meet other investors and company founders.
Venture capital firms
- Improve deal pipeline, creating more high quality start-ups.
- Get first sight of new technology and ability to map trends in start-ups.
- Ability to meet other investors and company founders.
Large technology firms
- Talent scouting for new employees.
- New customers for their platforms and services.
- Associate their brand with supporting new businesses.
Other start-up founders
- Talent scouting for new employees.
- Rapidly create a very high quality business network.
- Meet customers and later-stage investors that might be relevant to their businesses.
Service providers (e.g. accountancy firms,law firms, PR firms)
- New customers in the form of the start-ups the accelerators support.
Source: The Startup Factories, NESTA June 2011
Accelerators tend to encourage entrepreneurs to chase "the elusive pot at the end of the rainbow," says Francisco Dao, the Los Angeles founder of 50 Kings, a private community of technology professionals. The accelerators leave founders with "a false hope" of success, he adds.
He and other skeptics say it is important to research an accelerator's track record and read up on the qualifications of its mentors. The best programs, they say, provide mentoring by seasoned entrepreneurs and tech executives and take no more than 10% of a start-up's equity.
Some accelerators, Mr. Dao says, don't care if the businesses they graduate are "completely useless," because the next class might hold a gem. If an accelerator gives $25,000 in capital to participants, takes a 5% equity stake, and graduates 40 companies in a year, he says, it can break even if just one gets acquired for $20 million, even if the other 39 fail.
"Suddenly everyone believes that the answer is in accelerators, and we have no [long-term data] to support it," says Lesa Mitchell, vice president of advancing innovation at the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, an entrepreneurship advocacy organization in Kansas City, Mo.
Aziz Gilani, a director at Houston venture-capital firm DFJ Mercury, has studied accelerators for more than a year as part of a fellowship. He found last year that 45% of the 29 North American accelerator programs he examined didn't have any graduates that went on to raise institutional financing. His research was confined to programs that had graduated a class at least one year prior to his study.
He says the standout programs are operated by entrepreneurs who have run successful companies and have access to venture capitalists who can prime the pump for investments.
At the top of Mr. Gilani's list are programs such as TechStars Boulder, Y Combinator, and Chicago-based Excelerate Labs. TechStars Boston, KickLabs in San Francisco and TechStars Seattle are also ranked high.
Many less-successful programs are run by local development groups that lack quality resources or connections, Mr. Gilani says. "There's a big difference between the top five or six programs and everyone else," he says. "[As a founder,] "you are paying with the only currency you have—common equity, so you should know the success rate from that service."
Of course, the odds of success are slim, even in a top program. Just 0.1% of firms that are less than five years old receive seed or early-stage funding from venture-capital firms, according to Kauffman Foundation researchers.
But since most accelerators are set up as seed funds, they are relatively cheap to create. In the past two years, such programs have popped up in Sandy, Utah, Lexington, Ky., and Syracuse. They are also spreading to New Zealand, Russia and Estonia, and elsewhere in Europe.
Accelerators make money when a start-up is acquired or goes public, or by selling their stakes to a venture investor.
"For the economics of the accelerators to work out, they only need a handful of winners to offset the losses," says Bill Sahlman, professor of entrepreneurship at Harvard Business School.
Y Combinator, of Mountain View, Calif., often takes 7% stakes in participating companies, but sometimes as much as 10%. It typically provides capital ranging from $14,000 for one founder; $17,000 for two and $20,000 for three or more, which is "really supposed to be just living expenses," according to Paul Graham, its founder.
Y Combinator says roughly 18 of the 105 start-ups that participated in its program in 2009 and 2010 no longer exist, because they failed. But it has backed a couple notable winners. Mobile-game developer OMGPOP, which was acquired by Zynga Inc. earlier this year for more than $180 million, was part of its mid-2006 class.
Other Y Combinator graduates include Web file-sharing start-up Dropbox Inc., which got venture-capital funding last fall that valued the firm at around $4 billion; and room-rental provider Airbnb Inc., which was valued at $1.3 billion in July 2011, according to estimates by Dow Jones VentureSource.
Y Combinator and other top programs are benefiting from "self-selection bias," says Nick Seguin, the Kauffman Foundation's manager of entrepreneurship. "You're going to get the top 1% applying there," he says. "Is the [accelerator] system really good? Or is Paul Graham a really good admissions officer?"
With technology lowering the cost of building a company, particularly an Internet business, accelerators are likely to continue multiplying.
Brian Raney hopes to take the accelerator model into new territory. He raised funds to begin Awesome Inc. in Lexington, Ky., last year. The program provides just $1,000 in seed funding to participants and takes a 5% equity stake. He says he wasn't able to round up a roster of mentors as impressive as those that are in a program like Y Combinator or TechStars, and he acknowledges that some Awesome Inc. participants view it as a steppingstone to a more prestigious program.
Mr. Weiss says he first applied to TechStars in New York and Boulder, Colo., and was turned down by both programs before joining the inaugural class of StartFast, the accelerator in Syracuse. His company is looking for employees, and the program is "able to source tech talent from local universities," he says. "That's a big deal for us."
"I take the view that I'm hiring another co-founder in exchange for that 6%" equity stake, Mr. Weiss adds. "We're hoping that we walk away from the program with a product that users love."
Copyright ©2019 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87990cbe856818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8


text: Conference hall Gauguin. Decorated in soothing colours, a small hall for 12 persons, 20 m2, ideal for meetings, negotiations and business meetings. Conference room Picasso. Modern equipped room, total area of 60 m2 and can accommodate up to 70 people and is equipped with multimedia equipment, and wireless access to the Internet. The hall is suitable for conferences, seminars, banquets and receptions.Conference room Matisse. Small hall with an area of 27.5 m2 and can accommodate up to 20 people, ideal for meetings, negotiations, business meetings and small training sessions. Conference hall Renoir. Made in soft colors, stylish hall "Renoir" is suitable for events such as, seminars, conferences, trainings, banquets, receptions, etc. Hall with a total area of 89 m2 equipped with multimedia equipment, sound system and Wi-Fi Internet access. The hall can accommodate up to 100 people.


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Brighton is a neighborhood of Boston and is located in the northwest corner of the city. Brighton is a dissolved municipality that was annexed by Boston in 1874. Brighton has a population of 43,887 and a total area of 2.78 square miles. Brighton is part of Suffolk County. The Brighton Municipal Court is located at 52 Academy Hill Road and serves the following neighborhoods:
- Allston
- Brighton
For over 25 years, Boston Personal Injury Attorney Keith L. Miller has been representing victims of accidents throughout Massachusetts. If you or a loved one has been injured in an accident where you believe someone else is at fault contact Boston Personal Injury Lawyer Keith L. Miller to arrange a free consultation 24 hours a day, 7 days a week by telephone at (617) 523-5803, or click here to send him an email. You will be contacted within 24 hours.