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Eliminate Florida's corporate income tax over 7 years
"Eliminate Florida's corporate income tax over seven years. Fully phasing out the corporate income tax over time will have a large positive benefit for Florida's economy while having a minimal impact on state revenues. Total state tax revenues will benefit from the dynamic economic growth created by the corporate income-tax phaseout."
Rick Scott broke promise to get rid of corporate taxes
Former businessman turned politician Rick Scott vowed in 2010 if elected governor he would get rid of the state's corporate income tax over seven years.
But the state Legislature did not see eye-to-eye with Scott, leading to his failure to deliver on this promise.
We have been tracking Scott's promise to nix the tax for his two terms. Early in his tenure, the Legislature rejected Scott's idea of slashing the corporate income tax rate from 5.5 percent to 3 percent. So Scott instead aimed to exempt more business income from being subject to the tax.
In 2011, the Legislature increased the exemption from $5,000 to $25,000. In 2012, they moved the exemption up to $50,000.
The state corporate tax currently generates about $2.5 billion a year. Due to the exemptions, most businesses, however, are exempt from paying the tax.
If Florida had gotten rid of the corporate tax entirely it would have been an outlier because the majority of states levy a corporate income tax.
Scott was able to chip away at the tax, but he promised to "fully" phase it out and the tax still remains in Florida. We rate this Promise Broken.
PolitiFact, "$1 billion Florida tax hike? Andrew Gillum proposes increasing state corporate tax," Sept. 14, 2018
Florida Department of Revenue, Corporate income tax, Accessed Sept. 13, 2018
Enterprise Florida, Tax advantages, Accessed Sept. 13, 2018
Sun Sentinel, "What can we expect from Gov. DeSantis?" Nov. 8, 2018
With Legislature wary of bigger exemptions, Scott proposes $770 million tax cut for businesses
Gov. Rick Scott is again calling for the Legislature to get rid of the state's corporate income tax, despite lawmakers' resistance over the past few years.
Scott made it something of a personal mission to eliminate the 5.5 percent tax on net income for corporations by 2018. The tax is a windfall for the state, bringing in about $2 billion in revenue each year. He first wanted it cut to 3 percent and then eventually done away with, but legislators didn't budge. So Scott stopped asking for a full removal and started asking for steadily increasing exemptions.
That plan worked in 2011, when the Legislature increased the exemption from $5,000 to $25,000. In 2012, they moved the exemption up to $50,000, letting about 12,000 businesses off the hook for any income taxes at all.
But then the phaseout was held up, and so was Scott's promise. Subsequent attempts to raise the exemption to $75,000 have fizzled as lawmakers have balked at draining state coffers any more.
Scott asked for $1 billion in tax cuts in his 2016-17 budget recommendation, with the corporate income tax being the biggest bite, a move businesses understandably support. His proposal asks the Legislature to permanently eliminate the tax for manufacturing and retail businesses, which he estimates will cost the state $770 million in annual revenue. (Florida TaxWatch says that figure would be about $385 million for the 2016-17 fiscal year, since it would only start after Jan. 1, 2017.)
Completely eliminating the tax may be a tall order, with lawmakers and Scott already disagreeing about how much the state can afford to mete out in tax reductions. Bills filed in the state Senate (SB 76) and House (HB 219) seek to revive a potential $75,000 exemption.
Until the Legislature acts on either increasing the exemption or repealing it entirely, we'll continue to rate this promise Stalled.
Tampa Bay Times, "Gov. Scott proposes $77 billion budget with $673 million in tax cuts," Jan. 28, 2015
Palm Beach Post, "Gov. Scott's bid to cut corporate income tax stalls," April 5, 2015
Tampa Bay Times, "Gov. Rick Scott calls for special session, says tax cuts may be sacrificed to end stalemate," April 21, 2015
Tampa Bay Times, "Florida House abruptly adjourns session early, saying impasse is insurmountable," April 28, 2015
Tampa Bay Times Buzz blog, "House opens debate on budget with Senate to follow on Friday," June 18, 2015
Tampa Bay Times, "Two months late, Florida lawmakers approve state budget," June 19, 2016
Tampa Bay Times, "What passed, what failed in Florida's 2015 legislative session," June 19, 2016
Florida TaxWatch, "Analyzing the Governor's FY2016-17 Budget and Tax Recommendations," November 2015
Miami Herald, "Gov. Rick Scott will seek $1B in tax cuts from Florida Legislature," Nov. 5, 2015
Gov. Rick Scott, "Business Leaders Applaud Governor Scott's Tax Cut Package That Will Diversify the Economy," Nov. 6, 2015
Miami Herald, "Gov. Rick Scott's proposed 'Florida First' budget: $79.3 billion, tax cuts," Nov. 23, 2015
Tampa Bay Times, "Bousquet: Gov. Rick Scott's $1B in tax cuts met with skepticism," Dec. 28, 2015
FloridaFirstBudget.com, "Tax Cuts Totaling Over $1 Billion for Florida Families," accessed Jan. 6, 2016
FloridaFirstBudget.com, "Policy and Budget Recommendations," accessed Jan. 6, 2016
FloridaFirstBudget.com, "Governor's Budget Recommendation — Implementing Bill," accessed Jan. 6, 2016
Florida Department of Revenue, "Florida's Corporate Income Tax," accessed Jan. 6, 2016
Florida Senate, SB 76, accessed Jan. 6, 2016
Florida House of Representatives, HB 219, accessed Jan. 6, 2016
Florida Office of Economic and Demographic Research, 2015 Florida Tax Handbook, accessed Jan. 6, 2015
Legislature balks at exemption increase for second straight year
Gov. Rick Scott's crusade to wipe out Florida's corporate income tax marches on, but for the second year in a row, the Legislature ground the procession to a halt.
When Scott came into office, he was intent on ending the 5.5 percent tax on corporations by 2018, asking the lawmakers in his first year to slash the tax to 3 percent and gradually phasing it out. Since legislators weren't receptive to that plan, Scott began to ask for gradually higher tax exemptions on corporate incomes.
It was something of a back-door method of cutting businesses a break. In 2011 Scott got the Legislature to increase the exemption from $5,000 to $25,000. The next year, they took it up to $50,000. That resulted in more than 12,000 Florida businesses being exempt from paying corporate income tax at all.
In 2013 Scott tried to bump up the exemption to $75,000, in an attempt to exempt 2,000 more businesses from the corporate income tax. The Legislature wasn't biting, with officials balking at the lost tax revenue, estimated at up to $20 million. The corporate income tax brings in about $2 billion in total revenue each year.
In 2014, Scott tried again, proposing to increase the exemption to $75,000. That proposal, SB 134, made it out of the Appropriations Subcommittee on Finance and Tax before dying in Appropriations on May 2.
The Legislature did pass several other, smaller-scale tax cuts and credits this year, including breaks for the telecommunications industry, research and development expenses, commercial electricity rates, unemployment compensation and equipment manufacturing. Scott touted these and other breaks among 40 claimed tax cuts enacted during his administration.
On eliminating the corporate income tax, Scott spokesman John Tupps said the governor "will continue to work towards this goal."
For the second year in a row, Scott suggested pushing the corporate income tax exemption to $75,000. For the second year in a row, the Legislature did not make the exemption law. We rate this promise Stalled.
Editor's note, Jan. 6, 2015: This update has been corrected to show how much tax revenue the corporate income tax brings in to the state.
Palm Beach Post, "Scott's latest proposed tax break draws praise from manufacturers," Jan. 9, 2013
First Coast News, "Governor Rick Scott proposes his budget," Jan. 29, 2014
Political Fix Florida blog, "Corporate income tax exemption increase clears Senate panel," April 2, 2014
Tampa Bay Times, "Florida Legislature 2014: What passed and what failed," May 3, 2014
Palm Beach Post, "Scott signs package of tax cuts, rounding out election-year, $500M-plus giveback," May 12, 2014
PolitiFact Florida, "Gov. Scott claims he 'cut taxes 40 times for Florida families'," May 21, 2014
Florida Senate, SB 134, accessed July 10, 2014
Florida Department of Revenue, 2014 Tax Handbook, July 14, 2014
Interview with John Tupps, Rick Scott spokesman, June 27, 2014
Scott fails to get Legislature on board with exempting more businesses from corporate income tax
Gov. Rick Scott's effort to steadily eliminate the state's corporate income tax took a hit during the 2013 legislative session.
The proposal, SB 562 and HB 401, failed to get any traction among lawmakers in 2013. Scott, meanwhile, did not do much to push what was once a campaign priority and included in his budget recommendations. His press office declined to elaborate when we asked why.
"The Legislature failed to act on this recommendation," said spokesman John Tupps.
The measure, which received just one committee vote between the two chambers, would have increased the exemption for the corporate income tax from $50,000 to $75,000. Expanding the exemption would have spared 2,000 more businesses from paying the tax, Scott has said.
The history: As a Capitol n00b, Scott called on legislators to slice the corporate income tax rate from 5.5 percent to 3 percent, with the rest of it being phased out through 2018. That did not work out.
So Scott settled on a roundabout way of doing it: relieving businesses of paying the tax by upping the amount of income exempt from the tax.
In his first year, Scott lobbied to exempt the first $25,000 worth of taxable income, up from $5,000. In 2012, he got the Legislature to raise the exemption to $50,000. In all, the changes spared more than 12,000 Florida businesses from paying the corporate income tax.
The tax comprises about 9 percent, or $2 billion, of the state's general revenue, according to the Department of Revenue.
Scott told the state real estate agents group that raising the exemption to $75,000 would benefit about 2,000 businesses, according to the Tampa Bay Times/Miami Herald. Scott's press team has said the new exemption would mean 80 percent of Florida businesses would be exempt from paying the tax.
The lawmakers who sponsored the proposal said there was support for it in the Legislature, but it didn't hold up to other pro-business priorities. Rep. Ross Spano, R-Dover, said there was not enough room for the measure in the budget "because it came with an approximate $20 million fiscal impact."
In the Senate, leaders were supportive but felt like they were just looking to spread their wings, said Sen. Dorothy Hukill, R-Port Orange.
"Some people that I spoke to felt like we had been in this arena before," Hukill said.
But the Legislature was still business-friendly, she said, pointing to the compromise between Scott and lawmakers granting a three-year exemption on sales taxes on manufacturing equipment.
To a Democrat, the Legislature's slow-down on corporate income taxes and consideration of ending a 26-year insurance industry tax break was welcome.
"It gives me hope that there's a little bit of a shift in philosophy," said Sen. Jeff Clemens, D-Lake Worth, the only member who voted against Hukill's bill. "It seems like for the last several years we"ve continued to give corporate tax breaks while the average working person got nothing."
So where does this leave Scott's promise to eliminate the corporate income tax? After two years of exempting businesses from the tax, the Legislature halted Scott's progress by refusing to consider legislation that would have relieved more businesses.
We rate this pledge Stalled.
The Florida Current, "Lawmakers grow skeptical of tax breaks, incentives," April 22, 2013
Florida Department of Revenue, 2013 Tax Handbook, May 9, 2013
Interview with Sen. Jeff Clemens, May 10, 2013
Interview with Sen. Dorothy Hukill, May 10, 2013
Email interview with Rep. Ross Spano, May 10, 2013
Interview with John Tupps, Gov. Rick Scott spokesman, May 10, 2013
Scott wants to exempt more businesses from corporate tax
Gov. Rick Scott will use the 2013 legislative session to continue his back-door strategy of eliminating the state's corporate income tax.
The Legislature had no appetite for his first idea: cutting the corporate income tax rate from 5.5 percent to 3 percent. So Scott instead settled on an approach that seeks to exempt more business income from being subject to the tax.
In 2011, he successfully lobbied for the exemption of the first $5,000 worth of taxable income to $25,000. In 2012, the Legislature passed an exemption of $25,000 to $50,000.
You can guess what's coming next: Scott wants to widen the exemption from $50,000 to $75,000 during the 2013 legislative session, which starts in March.
"Today, I am proud to announce that in the upcoming legislative session, we will work to further eliminate the business tax for another 2,000 small businesses," Scott told the Florida Association of Realtors in November. "Everything we do must be tied to helping families get jobs, and eliminating this tax will ensure more small businesses can hire people."
The corporate income tax comprises about 8 percent -- or $2 billion -- of the state's general revenue, according to the Department of Revenue.
Scott told the real estate agents group that the cut, which would benefit about 2,000 businesses, would cost about $8 million annually, according to the Tampa Bay Times/Miami Herald. Scott's press team said the new exemption would mean 80 percent of Florida businesses would be exempt from paying the tax.
Scott wanted to give small businesses another tax break, but Florida voters declined to give it to them. Voters rejected Amendment 10, which would have given small businesses with less than $50,000 worth of furniture and other equipment an additional $25,000 tax exemption. The cut would have had resulted in about $20 million in savings for small businesses.
Florida Democratic Party executive director Scott Arceneaux scoffed at Scott's new request to make more businesses exempt from paying the corporate income tax, saying Scott wants to give "handouts to the corporate special interests who epitomize the broken politics of Tallahassee."
We will monitor Scott's promise to eliminate the corporate income tax during the 2013 legislative session and beyond. For now it remains In The Works.
The Miami Herald/Tampa Bay Times, "Gov. Rick Scott proposes more business tax cuts for 2013," Nov. 8, 2012
Florida Department of Revenue, Florida Tax Handbook 2012
The Miami Herald/Tampa Bay Times, "Business tax cut amendment draws little attention," Oct. 24, 2012
Phase Out Florida's Corporate Income Tax, Gov. Rick Scott's budget website, accessed March 19, 2012
The Tax Foundation's State Business Climate Tax Index Rankings, 2011-12
Corporate Income Taxpayers by size, Gov. Scott's budget website, accessed March 19, 2012
Interview with Jackie Schutz, Scott spokeswoman, Nov. 26, 2012
Interview with David Bergstein, Florida Democratic Party deputy communications director, Nov. 26, 2012
Gov. Rick Scott's website, "Gov. Scott announces further elimination of business tax," Nov. 8, 2012
Under Scott, fewer businesses pay corporate income taxes
Gov. Rick Scott continued chipping away at Florida's corporate income tax in his second go-around with the Legislature.
Unlike last year, when he unsuccessfully lobbied lawmakers for a 3 percent reduction of the 5.5 percent overall rate, Scott left the rate alone and instead worked on removing more businesses from the tax roll.
In 2011, lawmakers granted him an exemption for businesses owing up to $25,000 in corporate income taxes -- up from $5,000. This spared 8,351 businesses from paying that tax, according to the Office of Economic and Demographic Research.
Scott kept going with that in his 2012 tax strategy. The Legislature agreed to double the corporate income tax exemption to $50,000, sparing 3,894 of the businesses left on the tax roll. The approximate cost to the state: $30 million.
This measure and other breaks amounted to a $150 million tax relief package from Scott.
Another of Scott's targets was the tangible personal property tax. Scott asked lawmakers to eliminate this tax for businesses that own less than $50,000 in equipment and other property.
The Legislature approved this as a constitutional amendment for the 2012 ballot, so voters will get the final say.
Scott says it will exempt half, or about 150,000, of the businesses that usually pay this tax, and the loss to the state is about $20 million in 2013.
Other breaks Scott sought and got: a $54.4 million break for manufacturing equipment and a $12.3 million break for private planes.
Scott has said jobs will "grow like crazy" as a result of tax cuts that make Florida more business friendly.
But one of Scott's top advisers acknowledged immediate job growth isn't likely as a result of tax breaks here and there.
"Quite frankly, depending on the size and scope of the company, their savings and tax breaks might not be enough to bring a new person on," legislative affairs director Jon Costello said in a fall 2011 committee meeting. "But it might be enough to buy a new piece of equipment or do something that injects money back into the economy."
According to his budget website, Scott plans to ask the Legislature to exempt the remaining 10,000 businesses that owe corporate income taxes in "2013 and beyond."
Scott's business-friendly tax breaks play well with conservatives but anger folks on the other side of the political spectrum, like ThinkProgress.org and the left-leaning Florida Center for Economic and Fiscal Policy.
Scott's effort to reduce the corporate income tax is like former Gov. Jeb Bush's phasing out the intangibles tax, which cost the state $2 billion in lost revenues, said FCFEP executive director Karen Woodall.
"We're not going to have adequate sources of revenue to meet the needs of the state," she said.
Scott has moved more than half of the businesses from the corporate income tax pay roll, and he doesn't plan to stop there. We're moving his promise from Stalled to In the Works.
Times/Herald staff writer Toluse Olorunnipa contributed to this report.
Gov. Rick Scott tax priorities presentation, Feb. 27, 2012
"Gov. Scott lowers tax-cut goal, wins support," Palm Beach Post, March 4, 2012
"Corporate income tax cut nears approval," The Miami Herald, Feb. 14, 2012
"Lobbying pays off big for business," The Miami Herald, March 11, 2012
Gov. Rick Scott's letter to President Obama
"Rick Scott to continue corporate income tax cut push," News Service of Florida via PolitiJax, Oct. 11, 2011
"Scott's 'job-creating' tax cuts total just $8.4 million next year," Orlando Sentinel, Oct. 19, 2011
"Florida Doles Out Billions In Corporate Tax Breaks While Slashing College Funding And Laying Off Thousands," ThinkProgress.org, March 13, 2012
"Legislators hit hardest the pocketbooks of state workers, college students," The Miami Herald, March 10, 2012
Phase Out Florida's Corporate Income Tax, Gov. Rick Scott"s budget website, accessed March 19, 2012
The Tax Foundation's State Business Climate Tax Index Rankings, 2011-12
Corporate Income Taxpayers by size, Gov. Scott's budget website, accessed March 19, 2012
Interview with Karen Woodall, Florida Center Fiscal and Economic Policy executive director, March 20, 2012
Revenue Estimating Conference impact report, Office of Economic and Demographic Research, accessed March 21, 2012
No legislative will to make Scott's big corporate tax cuts
Gov. Rick Scott presented a 2011-12 budget to lawmakers on Feb. 7, 2011, that cut the corporate income tax rate from 5.5 to 3 percent, the first step in his plan to phase out the business tax entirely over seven years.
But when the Legislature finally passed its budget on May 7, it was unwilling to make the deep cuts needed elsewhere in the budget to cover the $459 million in corporate tax relief. The final budget that Scott will sign or veto includes no corporate tax rate reduction.
Instead, it includes only a $30 million reduction, created not by rate cuts but by expanding the current exemption for the corporate tax. The budget expands the current exemption for businesses from $5,000 in taxes they owe to $25,000. House Speaker Dean Cannon says the expansion of the exemption reduces the 30,000 businesses that pay the tax by about half.
The change represents less than 1/10th of the cut Scott had sought.
Cannon and Senate President Mike Haridopolos maintained from the start of the session that it would be difficult to find the cost savings needed to cut the corporate income tax rate.
"As I've talked to so many members and, more importantly, business leaders across the state, they feel that stability is more important than reducing a 5.5 percent corporate tax rate," Haridopolos said on May 1. "My stance has been and will continue to be that the most important thing is to show budget discipline by spending less."
The Legislature did include $210 million in property tax cuts in its budget by reducing the taxing authority of local water management districts.
"By eliminating the corporate income tax for nearly half of the Florida businesses who pay it, we are working with our partners in the Senate and Gov. Scott to make our common goal of private-sector job creation a reality," Cannon said in a statement on May 5. "I share Gov. Scott's desire to reduce and hopefully eliminate the corporate income tax. As we work to attract new businesses to locate and encourage existing businesses to expand in our state, today's legislation is a great first step and a sure signal that Florida is open for business."
But on eliminating corporate taxes, Scott will have to wait until next year to try again. We rate this promise Stalled.
St. Petersburg Times, "Haridopolos: Scott's corporate tax cut dead in Senate," May 1, 2011
Palm Beach Post, "Scott satisfied with Florida budget compromise giving him a sixth of tax cuts he wanted," May 3, 2011
Rick Scott, "Eliminate Florida's Corporate Income Tax Over Seven Years," accessed May 6, 2011
Dean Cannon press release, May 5, 2011
Scott proposes reducing corporate tax rate
Gov. Rick Scott tackled one of his key campaign promises in his first budget proposal released Feb. 7, 2011: Eliminate the corporate income tax.
He didn't propose full immediate elimination – in his 7-7-7 plan to create 700,000 new jobs, he gave himself seven years to do that – but he proposed making a dent.
From his Feb. 7 speech in Eustis announcing his budget:
"This 'jobs budget' will reduce the business tax from 5.5 percent to 3 percent, completely phasing it out by 2018. And we will cut property taxes by $1.4 billion over the two-year term. Together we will cut taxes by over $4 billion over two years. Critics have said we can't afford to cut taxes now. They repeat the same misguided claims we hear in Washington. I say they are wrong. I say we must cut taxes now.
"Things cannot improve until we have more private sector jobs. We will capture more jobs if other states have a business tax that Florida does not have. We are competing with 49 other states and many countries for entrepreneurs who start, grow and move companies based on where they can get the best return. Cutting taxes is essential to economic prosperity. We will be the best place in the world to live, work and play."
Scott posted his new budget on the website www.letsgettowork.net, which has a page on reducing the corporate income tax rate. That page shows that in 2011-12, he wants to reduce the rate from 5.5 percent to 3 percent, then 2.5 percent in 2012-13 and 2 percent in 2013-14 -- the last year listed in the chart.
Florida's corporate income tax is already low. According to the 2010 Florida Tax Handbook, all the states and the District of Columbia impose some form of corporate income or franchise tax, except for Nevada, South Dakota, Washington (state) and Wyoming. Most are flat rates, ranging from 4.63 percent to 9.99 percent. Sixteen states use graduated rates, between 1.0 and 9.99 percent. Iowa goes up to a 12 percent maximum rate.
You can see how Florida compares in this chart from the Tax Foundation, which calls itself a nonpartisan educational organization. The Federation of Tax Administrators, which serves the states' tax collection agencies, has its own chart.
According to the website of the Florida Department of Revenue and the state's chief economist Amy Baker, most corporations or entities that earn income in the state have to file, even if no tax is due. Even out-of-state firms must file for the portion of their revenue earned here.
Renee Watters, spokesperson for the revenue department, sent us a link to the 2010 Florida Tax Handbook from the state's Office of Economic and Demographic Research based on the December 2009 revenue estimating conference. The handbook shows that since 2004-05, the net collections (minus refunds) have ranged from about $1.4 billion to $2.2 billion. For 2010-11, the most recent (December 2010) estimated collection is almost $2 billion -- or about 9 percent of the state's general fund. The corporate tax goes into the state's general fund that pays for a variety of programs including education and human services.
Scott promised to phase out the corporate tax rate over seven years. His first annual budget proposal reduces the corporate tax rate from 5.5 percent to 3 percent for 2011-12 and ultimately down to 2 percent by 2013-14. The state Legislature will likely wrestle with such a tax cut amid a budget shortfall already projected to be more than $3 billion. But for now, we rate this promise In the Works.
Florida Department of Revenue website, "Florida's Corporate Income Tax," Accessed Feb. 7, 2011
Florida Department of Economic and Demographic Research, Florida Tax Handbook, 2010
Gov. Rick Scott's website, www.letsgettowork.net, Feb. 7. 2011
CapitalSoup.com, "Gov. Scott unveils Florida's first 'jobs budget' before a capacity crowd in Eustis,"Feb. 7, 2011
Tax Foundation, "National and state corporate income tax rates, U.S. states and OECD Countries, 2011," Accessed Feb. 7, 2011
Federation of Tax Administrators, "Range of state corporate income tax rates," Tax year 2010
Rick Scott for Governor campaign website, "Eliminate Florida's business income tax over 7 years,"Accessed Feb. 7, 2011
St. Petersburg Times, "Gov. Rick Scott touts tax plan as a model for President Barack Obama," Feb. 4, 2011
Fort Myers News-Press, "Tea Party activists gather for Scott's budget announcement," Feb. 6, 2011
Miami Herald/St. Petersburg Times, "Scott's promise to cut taxes to face test," Jan. 20, 2011
Interview, Florida Department of Revenue spokeswoman Renee Watters, Feb. 7, 2011
Interview, Florida's chief economist Amy Baker, Feb. 7, 2011


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If you want the ability to remotely control things like music, hard drives and cameras from any location in your house, you could always find some expensive solution Remote Control Everything With These Apple Watch Apps Remote Control Everything With These Apple Watch Apps The remote control capabilities of the Apple Watch may seem pretty obvious at this point, yet many people are still not fully aware of what they can control from their wrist. Read More that will work for you. Or, you could make use of the free version of Teamviewer and do it all at basically no cost.
The way this works is by hijacking a tool that for years has been used by IT experts to remotely manage computer systems Provide Remote Assistance And Host Meetings Using TeamViewer 7 Provide Remote Assistance And Host Meetings Using TeamViewer 7 As the internet becomes more evolved, more tools pop up to help each other out and spread information. There are quite a few products out there that make long distance presentations easy, while others can... Read More of friends and colleagues, but instead we'll use it to take over devices that are attached to the USB ports (or really any port) of that remote computer.
In this article I'm going to show you how you can use your laptop or your tablet to control a remote system's devices. The remote and local systems can be Mac, Windows or Linux – it doesn't matter.
Installing TeamViewer
TeamViewer has been long trusted by IT and other technical experts around the world. Most families have "that guy (or girl)" who is the computer "genius" in the family. A quick phone call and launching TeamViewer on both ends, and that genius was able to solve your problem, even if they're located thousands of miles away.
So, first order of business is to download and install the free version of TeamViewer.
Go with the Basic installation, and make sure you select "Personal/Non-commercial use" since you're using the free version of the software.
Choose the destination and any add-on features you'd like. You really don't need any of the add-ons for the purposes of what we're doing here.
The download and install is pretty fast – under 5 minutes – and when you're done, you'll see a screen that lets you allow remote control access to your own system using the panel on the left, using the given ID and password, or remotely access another computer using the panel on the right.
If you're installing on something other than Windows – no worries, there's Linux, Mac and mobile versions available 11 Tips For Using Team Viewer - The Best Free Remote Desktop Connection Manager 11 Tips For Using Team Viewer - The Best Free Remote Desktop Connection Manager Whenever you're in need of a free remote desktop client with advanced features, TeamViewer should be your first choice. Let us highlight its unique features. Read More as well. In my case I actually have TeamViewer installed on a remote Linux station in another building.
The computers are all connected between the two buildings via a wireless network. TeamViewer only needs to exist on computers that are on the same network (matching subnet). Once you've got TeamViewer installed on all of the remote systems you want to control, and the master station you want to control from, you're good to go.
Controlling Remote Cameras
In the building, which serves as my main office, I have a camera mounted on top of a window sill, which provides a view of the kitchen area of my shop. Another camera directly across from it shows the other side of the office.
On the small Linux computer where the camera is connected via USB, I have software called Camorama running, which lets me view what the camera sees, and take pictures on command or on timed intervals.
Where TeamViewer enhances this setup is that I can sit inside my house, over 200 feet away, and with my laptop I can take a look at what's going on in the office at any time. Here's what the Teamviewer remote session looks like when I connect to the Linux station using my Windows 8.1 laptop from inside the house.
This could also be set up to work from anywhere in the world (not just your own network), by signing up for a TeamViewer account and using the cloud system offered that lets you remotely access all of your registered devices from any remote location. That's outside the scope of this article – but it's possible.
Accessing the remote system, you can use the TeamViewer menu to switch between monitors as well, if the remote system has more than one.
You can also remotely reboot that remote system as well, if the security options on the target system allows it.
An even cooler setup than this would be running any number of camera control applications on the remote system, which allow motion detection from the camera to send you an email. This would alert you that something is going on at that location that you may want to connect to and check out.
Why buy expensive wireless network security cameras that are on offer these days, when you could just hook up a mini-computer (they go as cheap as $70 to $150 off Ebay these days) with a cheap $20 USB webcam attached, and with TeamViewer you've got a ready-made security system Use Your Webcam For Home Surveillance With These Tools Use Your Webcam For Home Surveillance With These Tools Having your own home surveillance system can be a powerful deterrent to would-be intruders, snooping roommates, or frustrating co-workers. Here are 6 great options for webcam-based surveillance products you can use today! Read More at a fraction of the cost?
Controlling External CD/DVD Drives
Here's another scenario: You are throwing a party, and the computer in the corner of the room that's handling the playing of your musical playlist Discover New Music with Spotify's Automagic Playlists Discover New Music with Spotify's Automagic Playlists Spotify has recently released several new ways of generating unique playlists that will help you discover awesome new music. We're here to guide you through these automagic playlist makers. Read More reaches the end. You're sitting on the sofa with friends and in the middle of a really interesting conversation. The last thing you want to do is get up and leave just to launch the music CD that's ready and waiting to play.
Have no fear – TeamViewer is here. You can just pull out your tablet, remote into that PC, connect to the external USB CD drive, and launch the CD.
In my example below, I have a Linux system with a USB external drive connected. In the File Manager, it's already mounted and ready to go.
Connecting to the system remotely via TeamViewer would let me go in and launch it without getting up from the comfort of my chair.
In this case, I was showing my daughter where to go to launch the game that was sitting in the DVD drive. I kicked it off for her, and she was good to go.
You could do this to remotely launch a movie for your party guests, or whatever purpose you have that system set up for.
If you're specifically interested in the music example I gave above, all you have to do is install TeamViewer on your tablet. You can get TeamViewer for your mobile via iTunes or Google Play.
Once you launch the app, type in the ID and password of the system you want to connect to.
Here, I've connected to my remote Linux system running Audacious – a music player.
You could be in your bedroom relaxing on your bed, or in the laundry room folding clothes. When you're ready to play some tunes, just pick up your tablet, remote in using TeamViewer, and play your CD using the music player software.
Remotely Launching Video
Of course, this concept isn't limited to playing music from the other room. Maybe you have your computer set up as your media center How to Set Up Your XBMC Media Center How to Set Up Your XBMC Media Center XBMC may have evolved into Kodi, but if you have an old version installed this guide will help you set it up and get started. Read More , playing content right on your TV in the living room. Your kids are complaining about being bored to death.
Controlling devices doesn't have to be limited to USB only. If you want to, you could pick up your tablet, remote in to that PC, and find an educational video 10+ Places To Watch Fun Educational Videos Online 10+ Places To Watch Fun Educational Videos Online The Internet is full of great videos, some of which can be quite educational. They won't put you to sleep like a lecture. This selection combines the best of fun and learning. Read More on YouTube for your kids to watch.
Here's what it looked like after I connected to my Linux station and launched the CNet channel on YouTube in full screen.
Over on the TV in the other room, the video launched, and my kids switched from complaining about being bored, to complaining about the boring stuff that was now playing on the TV screen.
Okay, maybe playing Spongebob Squarepants would have been smarter. Anyway, you get my point. Remote in. Launch whatever you want. Done.
Accessing Remote Storage
Another USB device that's useful to access remotely are storage devices. I get really annoyed having to disconnect and reconnect external hard drives The 8 Best Portable Hard Drives You Can Buy Right Now The 8 Best Portable Hard Drives You Can Buy Right Now Read More and memory sticks from one computer to another, so I simply dedicate one of my systems as the central storage hub in the house (you can also use a Raspberry Pi as a Network Attached Storage device Turn Your Raspberry Pi Into An NAS Box Turn Your Raspberry Pi Into An NAS Box Do you have a couple of external hard drives lying around and a Raspberry Pi? Make a cheap, low powered networked attached storage device out of them. While the end result certainly won't be as... Read More ).
No need to buy expensive wireless hard drives. Just plug in all of your hard drives into the one PC and install Teamviewer. One awesome feature of TeamViewer is that you can easily transfer files over from the remote system over to yours, or vice versa.
Here's what it looks like when I remote into my "storage hub" from my laptop. These are all the contents of four of the USB hard drives and memory sticks, viewed via File Manager.
As you can see there's a File Transfer option in the main menu. When you launch a file transfer, you'll see a pop-up window that looks a bit like an FTP file transfer window FTP Transfer: 3 Popular File Managers for Android With FTP Software FTP Transfer: 3 Popular File Managers for Android With FTP Software FTP may sound intimidating, but it's not! We can help you learn how to quickly and easily share files between your devices with these handy Android apps. Read More .
The remote computer is on the right and the local system is on the left. You can select files or folders on either side and click either the Send or Receive buttons to transfer the files.
All file transfers are logged on the remote system, so if you ever want to monitor the file sharing activity taking place inside your house (maybe your kids are using up too much of the available storage with massive Torrent downloads 10 Ways to Speed Up Torrent Downloads 10 Ways to Speed Up Torrent Downloads Read More ?), all you have to do is check out the log to see what's eating up all the storage and when those transfers took place.
As you can see, something seemingly as simple as a "remote support" application actually opens up a whole world of opportunity in your home filled with lots of USB gadgets and other devices. In fact, you could easily build your own webcam-based home security system iSpy Turns Your Computer Webcam Into Surveillance Equipment [Windows] iSpy Turns Your Computer Webcam Into Surveillance Equipment [Windows] Read More using this setup with a bunch of small computer located around the house, connected to several webcams.
The possibilities are really limited only by the USB devices you may choose to connect to these systems. The ability to run TeamViewer from a laptop or a tablet opens up the option to control any of those devices no matter where you are in your house – and that's a level of convenience that's hard to describe. Once you get used to it, you'll never want to give it up.
Do you like the idea of using TeamViewer in this way? Have you ever dreamed up other creative ways to control devices remotely? Share your experiences and tips in the comments section below!
Explore more about: Home Automation, Remote Control, Webcam.

subset: commoncrawl


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Spectra Tattoo Removal Sarasota
Tattoos have become very prevalent in recent years, and often more colorful. While getting tattooed has become more acceptable and commonplace, there has been a steadily increasing number of people who have come to regret their tattoos and seek removal. The Lutronic Spectra laser is currently the best means of removing ink from the skin as it is safer, non-invasive and less painful than other options like dermabrasion or surgical excision.
Whether you have come to regret a tattoo that was not well done or does not suit you anymore, or you are worried that these symbols of youthful self-expression may be holding you back from a new career, our laser tattoo therapy can likely help.
Understanding Tattoos and Removal Options
A tattoo is a permanent mark made by inserting pigment into the dermal layer of the skin through punctures in the top layer of the skin. Today, most tattoos are done with electric tattoo machines that rapidly puncture needles in the skin in an up and down motion.
Complete tattoo removal is not entirely possible. Tattoos are meant to be permanent, after all, although there are some methods that are effective. The amount of remaining blemishes or color depend on many factors, including your individual healing, the location of the tattoo, the size, how the tattoo was done and how old it is.
Before the introduction of laser therapy, there were only a few tattoo removal options available, which were usually very painful and left scars. This includes dermabrasion, or "sanding" the skin to remove layers, cryosurgery in which the region of the skin is frozen prior to removal, and excision, in which the tattoo is removed with a scalpel and the wound is closed with stitches. Laser therapy is now the standard reatment to remove tattoos, and Spectra laser therapy is typically considered the most effective.
About Tattoo Removal
Laser tattoo removal is by far the most common and effective way to remove tattoos by using laser energy to destroy the pigment. Lasers are capable of targeting the pigment in the ink without harming your tissue. As the energy is applied, it is absorbed by the pigment. Once ink particles absorb laser energy, they break into tiny fragments and are absorbed by the body's immune system. This usually takes a few weeks.
Keep in mind that professional tattoos can be harder to remove than amateur tattoos, as the ink is usually of a better quality and deeper in the skin. Multi-colored tattoos also take more sessions, as each color will require a different wavelength of light. Black and blue ink is the easiest to treat, while red and yellow ink is the hardest to remove. Black tattoo pigment absorbs all laser wavelengths, which means this color can be removed more easily than some that must be treated by selected laser. The larger the tattoo, the more sessions will be required.
Spectra Tattoo Removal Procedure
Because each pulse of the Spectra laser will result in a stinging sensation, a topical numbing agent or local anesthetic will be applied prior to your procedure for additional comfort. Most treatments last just 10 to 30 minutes. After your treatment, you may experience swelling and blistering that can take up to a week to heal, and your skin may appear red or pink for some time. Avoid sun exposure after treatment until your skin heals.
If multiple sessions are required, they will be spaced 4-8 weeks apart to give the body time to remove the maximum amount of pigment between sessions. Each session will take between 10 and 30 minutes to complete.
After Laser Tattoo Removal
Immediately after your treatment, an ice pack will be applied to your skin and you will be instructed to use an antibiotic ointment. A bandage will also be placed to cover the treated area.
After your treatment, your skin will have white discoloration that is temporary. The area around the tattoo may also experience mild swelling and redness. This will dissipate on its own. Results are usually visible within 5 or 6 weeks as your body breaks down the ink. Normal skin tone may take up to 6 or 12 months to return.
Are You a Candidate?
Every tattoo is different, and removal techniques must be customized to each case. In the not so distant past, tattoos were removed using several methods that often left scars that were were than the tattoo. If you have a previously treated tattoo, you may still be a good candidate for laser tattoo therapy. Tattoos that were not effectively treated with dermabrasion or some other method can respond to laser treatment, assuming the previous treatment did not leave a great deal of scarring.
Decorative tattoos have a history dating back from ancient times. Currently, almost twenty percent of people in the United States have tattoos and the number is still growing. For the younger generation, tattoos are considered a symbol of freedom, but with advancing age, more and more wish to remove them because of the negative connotation associated with tattoos. Tattoos are also removed simply because of an individual's desire to replace the existing tattoo with a newer design.
How are tattoos removed?
Medical lasers use a beam of light to significantly lighten or completely remove your tattoo. When the ink particles absorb the light from the laser, they are broken up into fragments and then absorbed through your body's immune system. This process generally takes a few weeks. The larger the tattoo, the more sessions it will take to break down the ink particles.
What will my skin look like after treatment?
Right after your treatment, your skin will have a white discoloration, and the area around the tattoo may become reddish and appear swollen. This is normal and will disappear slowly over time. Results take about 5 – 6 weeks after each treatment. Immediately after treatment, antibacterial ointment and gauze will be applied to the treated area to minimize infection.
Are there any side effects?
Occasionally, a whitening of the skin may occur. However, normal skin tone should return within 6 -12 months following your last treatment session. Since the ink used in tattooing can vary from tattoo to tattoo, some patients have only partial clearing even after several sessions.
Please click here for more Questions & Answers about Spectra Tattoo Removal.


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EDINBURGH Come April a small team of experts from the Glasgow School of Art and the government heritage entity Historic Scotland will fly to South Dakota at the behest of an organization called CyArk and the United States National Park Service. They will make laser scans and computer models of Mount Rushmore.
Aside from the wee bit of Scottish blood in three of the four enshrined presidents (Lincoln's the odd man out, in case you're wondering), there is of course nothing whatsoever Scottish about this most all-American of sites. But cultural expertise transcends national borders. The Scottish team of four or five will spend a few days setting up and moving around their various scanners to capture all of Mount Rushmore's nooks and crannies, collecting billions of bits of digital information, which will then be brought back here, to be crunched and sorted out by computer.
What results should be the most complete and precise three-dimensional models ever of the site, millions of times more detailed and accurate than the best photographs or films, precise down to the tiniest fraction of a millimeter.
In an era of computer animation, with gamers navigating virtual universes at the click of a mouse, making laser scans of old monuments may not sound special, but the Scottish team has achieved some unprecedented levels of sophistication with their models. Through scanning, the experts can conjure up what objects looked like ages ago, in effect turning the clock back on ancient sites. They can simulate the effects of climate change, urban encroachment or other natural or man-made disasters on those same sites, peering into the future.
Given a proposal for a new building in a city like Edinburgh, they can also create virtual realities, almost microscopically accurate, so viewers might see what the building looks like from all angles in the place where it's intended to go, including the shadows it might cast at different times of day.
The technology isn't brand new or unique to Scotland, but the Glasgow team is on its cultural front line. Douglas Pritchard, a Canadian-born architect by training, is the wizard behind the Digital Design Studio at the art school. He heads the Scottish laser expedition with David Mitchell, director of Historic Scotland's Technical Conservation Group. Describing how fast laser modeling has progressed and how far it might soon go, Mr. Pritchard said, "We're no longer a million miles from the 'Star Trek' holodeck."
He was perfectly serious.
The cultural implications of the technology are big, as are the political ones for Scotland, which, via the country's culture minister, Michael Russell, has latched on to the laser team's work.
It was about three years ago that Mr. Pritchard's art school group began surveying a swath of the center of Glasgow, along the River Clyde, creating 3-D digital representations of some 1,400 buildings and dozens of streetscapes. They caught the attention of Mr. Mitchell, who enlisted Mr. Pritchard to scan a decaying iron bridge in Dundee, which was nearly impossible to survey with much accuracy except by laser. The bridge project led to scans of Stirling Castle and Rosslyn Chapel, the 15th-century Gothic fancy to which "The Da Vinci Code" has lately brought swarms of conspiracy-minded tourists. One of them was a man who tried one day to take a sledgehammer to the so-called Apprentice Pillar, convinced that the Holy Grail was hidden inside it.
No harm done, but the event illustrated, as Mr. Mitchell noted, why scans are necessary. "Remember Windsor?" he asked, referring to the fire in 1992 that burned parts of the British royal castle. "If restorers had had laser scans back then, they could have rebuilt everything to within three millimeters of accuracy, but instead they had to rely on conjecture from photographs." He noted the more recent case of the Buddhas in Afghanistan that the Taliban blew up in 2001.
The basic principle behind the laser technology is simple: A box, with a laser inside, sits on a tripod; as the box slowly rotates 360 degrees, the laser, moving up and down, bounces its beam off whatever is solid in front of it. In so doing, it registers some 50,000 points in space every second. Traditional surveyors might produce a couple of hundred measurements a day, prone to subjectivity and human error. Lasers collect millions of measurements per hour. A scanner can even identify certain materials, determining whether something is, say, made of glass or stone.
Aerial lasers and a hand-held version operate the same way. Combined, they can bring to life as 3-D images entire cities or a mountainside, like Mount Rushmore's.
This spring, at a digital-documentation conference in Glasgow, Mr. Russell met with Ben Kacyra, the American engineer and inventor of the scanner. Partly because of what had happened to the Buddhas in Afghanistan, Mr. Kacyra had established the nonprofit CyArk to compile scans of 500 Unesco World Heritage sites around the globe.
The Scottish crew was signed up to scan for CyArk five Scottish World Heritage sites (the Old and New Towns of Edinburgh; Neolithic Orkney; the island of St. Kilda; New Lanark; and the Antonine Wall, an ancient Roman ruin) as well as five other sites. Having been already in touch with the Park Service about Mount Rushmore, CyArk enlisted the team to start there.
What are the big cultural implications? For starters, Mr. Pritchard talked about "a new kind of empowerment." He was referring to the prospect of using virtual-reality models to allow the public to judge all sorts of proposed urban plans. The drawings and computer simulations long cooked up by developers and architects will be replaced by more detailed, easier-to-comprehend, more objective views, in essence democratizing knowledge.
The benefits of storing and distributing state-of-the-art views of the world's most precious cultural sites at low cost (the annual budget for the Scottish team is under a half-million dollars) are obvious.
By way of example Mr. Pritchard showed off on his laptop a ruined Victorian monument, Paisley Fountain. It was returned in virtual guise to its original lacquered green sheen, thanks to some paint scraping taken by Scottish restorers. When combined with the laser scans, the scrapings proved what the surface of the fountain first looked like. Nobody had imagined it to have been so shiny. "But," as Mr. Pritchard said, "technology doesn't lie."
Then he clicked on a virtual model of a Maori canoe, bought in pieces not long ago by the National Museum of Scotland and never assembled. Laser scans proved it never could be: the pieces turned out not to belong together.
The demonstration pointed toward some bright, gleaming, globalized frontier of cultural information-sharing and progress, albeit curiously backward-glancing. In London at the moment there happens to be an exhibition of paintings by the German-born British artist Frank Auerbach from the 1950s and early '60s, marvelous pictures that show the city rebuilding as if from scratch after the war.
Back then, death and destruction held out for midcentury Modernists the prospect of a new urbanism, a fresh start born of loss and industrial advances.
That was half a century ago.
The new cutting edge of laser technology offers instead a means to preserve and restore whole cities exactly as they once were. It promises a world kept as if in amber.
A virtual past that never dies.


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By completing your order, you understand that the products(s) you are purchasing are U.S. models and may have power / voltage requirements different from that of your country.
Prices shown in currencies other than US Dollars are estimates based on current exchange rates. We will charge your credit card in US Dollars on the day your order is shipped, and the conversion to your local currency will be done at the prevailing rate by your credit card issuer.
PSSL will not mark your parcel as a "gift", declare a value lower than the actual price paid, or otherwise prepare false customs information.
If you need more inputs for your H6 recorder, simply plug in the EXH-6 Dual XLR/TRS Combo capsule. It allows you to connect up to six discrete signals from external microphones, instruments, mixers or portable music players, making the H6 the smallest six-track recorder on the planet!
Note: The EXH-6 does not support phantom power.


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The Right Choice for Your Kitchen and Your Budget
Property holders are acquainted with gas and electric reaches. Notwithstanding, there are some lesser-known certainties about double fuel ranges, which purchasers and expert culinary specialists commonly consider the best cooking machines to put resources into.
The contrast between gas ranges and double fuel reaches is quite straightforward. Gas ranges warm the cook top and the stove with gas. Double fuel ranges warm the stove with power and the cook top with gas.
The upside of double fuel reaches is to have the exact temperature control of power to warm the stove rather than the temperature vacillations that frequently happens in gas broilers. A gas extent could be the right decision for your home, or a double fuel reach could offer you the exactness temperature control you fancy.
Property holders are confronted with an intense choice when choosing to buy another reach. The majority of us just experience the way toward purchasing another stove once in our lifetime and have restricted spending plans. On the off chance that you as of now have a gas line in your kitchen, or are thinking about having one introduced, you might measure the choices between buying a gas range or a double fuel range.
Regarding forthright price tag, a gas extent will be a more reasonable alternative contrasted with a double fuel range. When in doubt, cooks who appreciate making courses needn't bother with the accurate temperature control in a convection broiler as much as cooks who appreciate heating.
Gas broilers will cook meats and vegetables effectively and equitably. Be that as it may, the no-nonsense pastry specialist will get more useful use from a double fuel run and might will probably see the contrast between a customary gas range and a double fuel range than the normal at-home cook.
A genuine convection broiler in a duel fuel extent can make preparing a delight, particularly at high elevations. Preparing complex treats is a science, and an outstandingly stable broiler temperature can home baked good cooks make immaculate éclairs or layered cakes.
At times, particularly in the event that you do a great deal of heating, it may be worth putting resources into a more costly double fuel range. In others, a gas reach will suit your cooking style superbly. It is essential to put forth a couple of inquiries before you settle on a choice:
- How long a week do you really cook (warming up remains does not tally)?
- Do you jump at the chance to engage visitors and toss supper parties every now and again?
- What do you cook and how frequently?
- Do you anticipate cooking pretty much habitually soon?
- Do you think reserve funds in the wake of buying a gas extent could be better spent somewhere else in the kitchen?
If the answer to all these questions is yes, you shouldn't delay anymore the process of calling your energy supplier at EON Contact Number, o you can get the best deal for you on dual fuel and can save a good amount of money on your energy bills.


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Made with Love Mondays: Week of 9/10/2012
Each week I host Made with Love Mondays as a weekly series to promote, share, and celebrate foods make entirely from scratch. Food without transfats, without preservatives, without food dyes, without high fructose corn syrup. Creative recipes shared by talented foodies. Enjoy - and remember to share your recipes.
NEW From-Scratch Recipes
MJ's Kitchen: Stacked Vegetables 'en Papillote
White Lights on Wednesdays: Coconut Cranberry Granola
White Lights on Wednesdays: Spiced Pickled Cherries
Vivian Pang Kitchen: One Ingredient Ice-cream
The Hobby Room Diaries: Dark Chocolate Baby Cheesecakes
Sharky Oven Gloves: Banana, Hazelnut & Spiced Rum Upside-down Cake
Blue Kitchen Bakes: Nectarine & Blackberry Muffins
Thanks to all of the talented foodies who have made this series possible - YOU ROCK!
Want more from-scratch recipes? Check out the Made with Love Mondays Pinterest Board
Share From-Scratch Recipes
Participation Index
Participation Index
Optional Weekly Themes
- This week's theme: From scratch recipes featuring Summer Squashes
- Next week's theme: From scratch recipes featuring Cantaloupe (or Musk Melon)
- Please note: Themes are intended to provide you with inspiration if you're not sure where to start or what to make. Themes are completely optional and you can any from-scratch food post that meets the Guiding Principles


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It has been demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the retina can produce visual perception for blind patients suffering from macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. In order to let the retinal chip generate enough electrical stimulation, the near infrared ray source is added to enhance the stimulation current. However, it is a challenge to design a head-mounted display (HMD) that covers both visible and infrared rays. Since the HMD system covers such a broad spectral band, large color aberrations will be induced. In order to eliminate these large aberrations, a mirror system is adopted that will create a no color aberration system. We also use two freeform mirrors (FFMs) to reduce residual aberrations such as spherical aberrations and coma. The FFMs serve as the near-eye viewing optics that magnifies the image which is displayed through a microdisplay. Based on a 0.61 in. microdisplay, the HMD system demonstrates a diagonal field of view (FOV) of 30 degree and an f/# of 3.75, with an exit pupil diameter of 8 mm and eye clearance of 15mm.
© 2014 Optical Society of AmericaFull Article | PDF Article
OSA Recommended Articles
Lidong Wei, Yacan Li, Juanjuan Jing, Lei Feng, and Jinsong Zhou
Opt. Express 26(7) 8550-8565 (2018)
Dewen Cheng, Yongtian Wang, Hong Hua, and M. M. Talha
Appl. Opt. 48(14) 2655-2668 (2009)
Austin Wilson and Hong Hua
Opt. Express 27(11) 15627-15637 (2019)


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Customer Reviews
- Reviews
- Questions
Filter Reviews:
Well Made!
I bought this in the navy blue for my friend's baby. It is absolutely adorable and seems well made. Not thin at all.
Littlest Prince
Hey Vanessa! Thank you for sharing! We hope your friend loved it too!:)
06/14/2019Tamara W.
SO SO cute!
Great quality material, and SO SO cute!! Can't wait to see my little dino crawling around!
05/31/2019Erin H.
So cute!
I can't wait to see my niece wearing this! So cute!
05/29/2019Breckin C.
I keep buying!
My nephew loves these! He is 3 now and I've been buying them for him since his first Christmas :) I don't even know how many I've purchased but quite a few!
04/17/2019Rachel M.
Super Soft!
It is super soft! My son loved it & didn't want to take it off.. fit great. Sizing is good.


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free download valentine day ecards
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Frequently Asked Questions:
1. Who's who and who does what?
2. When should I contact the teacher if I have a concern?
Answer: Immediately. No concern is too small or too large to talk directly with your child's teacher. Additiional staff members may be included as needed.
3. How do I find school closing information?
Answer: School cancellations will be announced on local radio station WKNE (103.7 FM) in Keene on Channel 9 and www.wmur.com (Channel 9 news website).
4. What is a charter school?
Answer: Charter schools are public schools of choice that operate with freedom from many of the regulations that apply to traditional public schools. They are independent, tuition free to in state students, highly accountable and cost efficient. Charter schools are operated in accordance to a specific mission or "charter". The "charter" establishing each such school is a performance contract detailing the school's mission, program, goals, students served, methods of assessment, and ways to measure success. In New Hampshire, charter schools can be authorized by the State Board of Education or by a local district. Most schools in NH have been authorized by the State.
5. How are charter schools funded?
Answer: New Hampshire's State Authorized charter schools are funded directly by the state at $6,900 per student. This is far less than the statewide average expenditure of $15,000 per student.
Locally authorized charter schools are funded at approximately 80% of the average cost per pupil of their local district. Example – Average cost per pupil is $15,000 per student, locally authorized charters would receive $12,000 per student.
6. How do students enroll at SVCS?
Answer: Application periods begin in January. Students that wish to attend SVCS in the fall can apply in January of that same year. If more applications are received during an application period than spaces available then a lottery will be conducted.


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Welcome To Week 9 Of My 12 Week Plan…
To Find out if Karatbars Really Works.
Karatbars Prices
I am trying to find out if Karatbars works as a product and as a home business?
Is the product any good and at a good price?
Is the company trustworthy?
Can you actually make any money?
My Karatbars Strategy
My plan is simple enough, I joined, bought a €249 Marketing Package and set about building a small team.
My personal target was to find two new people to do the same thing… join, buy a marketing package and teach them to copy what I am doing.
The hope is that within twelve weeks I will have a team of 24 people and be making a substantial monthly income.
Karatbars 12 Week Plan
Above is a theoretical plan of how it should work…. the theory anyway!
Just to clarify a few things about Karatbars
this week…. (For newbies and some oldies!)
1. Joining Karatbars is 100% free of charge and without obligation. You do not have to buy any package in order to make money.
A free affiliate with 100 customers saving 1 gram of gold per week will be earning $1000 per month.. (at least)
Why did I buy a silver package for €249 then?
I decided to buy a Silver Package for €249 because I wanted something tangible to hold in my hand and I wanted to have my own Karatbar in my wallet.
My pack also came with 3 x 3% discount cards and 3 x €100 Discount cards and brochures etc.
These cards are €80 each to buy in the back office and the marketing material is excellent. You really do get much more value in your pack than the €249 price tag.
If you can't afford €249 buy a bronze digital pack which contains 2 discount cards, all your marketing material but without the gold. This costs €99.
If you can't afford €99 well just register for free, start giving out your landing page links and start building your own customer base. Save up some commissions and then buy your bronze/silver marketing pack.
Karatbars is a gold savings program. You are not spending, just exchanging paper money for a better currency.
Karatbars want to make it as easy for you as possible to run a Karatbars business.
This is why there are options to suit EVERY budget… even those without a budget! Get your free account HERE
2. Karatbars do not store the gold. It is stored with www.prosegur.com A very well regarded worldwide security company. There is no risk of you losing it.
3. Karatbars will deliver your gold to your home for €13.50 inside Europe and €18.50 outside Europe. It is delivered by Fedex. Again… no risk.
4. Every time one of your customers makes a purchase you earn commissions. You earn commissions on everyone in your team and in their teams.
I have only registered 60 people but there are 370+ in my total team. I earn from all purcases on all these people!
Commissions are paid every Friday morning. I have been paid every Friday on time and without issue. Once you earn €35 the company will issue you with your Mastercard.
Karatbars also supports, Ipayout, Bank Transfer and Ezybonds so lots of other options as well as your Mastercard.
Karatbars is the easiest business to build I have seen in eighteen years!
This is all you need to say…..
Hello, Do you know what 24 karat gold is? Yes… Would you like to own some? ……. yes… How much is it?
Well with my new company you can buy it for as little as €50 per gram and I can show you a way that you can have it for free?
Just register on my site, its free of charge and without obligation, http://www.karatbars.com/?s=premierteam
Check out the back office, all the great products and if you want to buy gold or become an affiliate all the instructions are there.
That sound Ok?" ……Yes… why not?
There is no reason why someone would not want a free account?
The only way your business isn't growing is because you are not asking anyone… there can be no other explanation.
If there is an easier product or easier business out there I need you to email me now at email@example.com and tell me what it is.
Karatbars doesn't have any objections…. The company is solid, the product can never be bettered, we have the best prices, there is no risk to your pocket or reputation by asking people to open a free account.
If anything you are helping them save their existing paper money in a better, safer way!
Karatbars 12 Week Plan – Week 9 Results…
My personal goal was to show my team how much you can make by starting on a Silver package and getting two others to do the same for 12 weeks.
This will give an honest representation of the business. If you feel you can do ten per week please go ahead. 🙂
I am on target now, 63 people have registered for a free account and 18 have decided to buy a silver package. 1 person has gone straight in at Gold. (Up to them).
Karatbars Earnings
My total earnings now stand at €1300 for the nine weeks but this still leaves me ahead of target as far as a 12 week plan goes. It is in the coming few weeks where my income will start toy rise.
How can you build a Karatbars Business?
You don't need any skills, no experience, you just need to be able to listen to instructions! I will walk you through it week by week and show you what to do.
If you can copy and paste some adverts I will show you where to place them. I will even speak to your clients for you.
You also need to commit to building your business. No one has ever built a successful anything by doing a bit here and a bit there.
I am at my desk every day helping my team and although 17 people have bought packages it is only two or three that are in touch every day.
I am proving Karatbars works…. I just know that there will be an avalanche of people joining once I start making larger sums of money but that's life.
Some people will see the opportunity now and start, some will wait for solid proof of big earnings. (They are coming to me and I know someone who is earning 17k per week already!)
My advice is to register NOW, buy your package NOW and start building NOW… Get ahead of that avalanche and build while it is relatively easy to do so.
As always I am here to help at Skype onlinecompanyreview
Email firstname.lastname@example.com


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Periodontal disease is a progressive ailment suffered, to some extent, by nearly 90% of all people over the age of 35. It is the primary reason for loss of teeth by people over 30. Unfortunately, you may not realize you have periodontal (gum) disease as the signs and symptoms are now always apparent to you as they are to a dental professions.
Periodontal disease begins when bacteria and their products invade the gum tissue surrounding the teeth. Once this bacteria invasion takes hold, the gums become puffy, sometimes bleed, and gradually lose their "grip" on the teeth they are suppose to protect.
Pockets form when the gum loses its grip. These pockets allow more bacteria to lodge under the gum line out of the reach of a toothbrush. Some of the bacteria produces toxins that attack the bone causing loss of the bone that support the teeth. Without treatment, the teeth may become loose and may need to be removed.
Usually this destruction occurs without any accompanying pain and because this destruction occurs beneath the gum line, the gum tissue may appear normal. This explains why people discover too late they have the disease. Only a thorough periodontal examination can reveal if hidden disease is present.
Periodontal disease has also been linked to more serious conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and preterm babies. Therefore, creating good periodontal health improves your overall well being.


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Hello Friends, I have been very bad at updating. But now, SUMMER IS UPON US! Rejoice men and women. Rejoice I say!
Sometimes I like to doodle, and sketch roughly rather than the typical "design style," since I come from a more art background.
And what better to draw than old sail pirate ships? I used sharpie markers and COPIC color markers.
今回は普通よりラフなスケッチです。すこしフォトショ編集あり。^_^ 夏休みに入ったので、がつがつスケッチ載せていきたいで〜す。


text: Welcome to Kenton County Parks and Recreation online shelterhouse reservations. We begin accepting reservations on the first Monday in February at 7:30AM for our walk in guests only with the online system being opened up at 5PM that day. Shelterhouses are available to the public starting April 20, 2019 through October 20, 2019. Fees vary from $65 to $80 (effective July 1, 2018, applicable KY sales tax may apply) depending on the location, size, and amenities of the shelter. For a tax exempt entity, call (859) 392-1920 to make reservation and to have the tax waived. A Sales Tax Certificate of Exemption must be received with reservation. If you have any questions or need assistance navigating our site, please contact us at 859-392-1920. Thank you for choosing Kenton County Parks and Recreation for your next event.


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Scotland's supreme civil court's choice in Frank Houlgate Investment Firm Ltd v Biggart Baillie LLP 2014 CSIH 79 has raised some intriguing concerns about transactional fraud and could have an significant impact on conveyancer's liability when they act for a dishonest client. He served as a law clerk to Justice Arthur Goldberg of the Supreme Court of the United States during the 1964 Term, as a Special Assistant to the Assistant U.S. Attorney Common for Antitrust, 1965-1967, as an Assistant Unique Prosecutor of the Watergate Particular Prosecution Force, 1973, as Special Counsel of the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, 1974-1975, and as Chief Counsel of the committee, 1979-1980.
I am a Solicitor in Australia, who did a liberal arts degree, Bachelors degree in Law and a Masters in IP law. She would have been competing against two to four year qualified solicitors who would not have made an concern of the salary as they were keen on the region and the type of law being dealt with. Barristers can also act as advocates before larger courts, while attorneys and solicitors only have access to these larger courts upon appeal.
Solicitors in England and Wales who want to practise have to spend an annual charge to receive a Practising Certificate. In 1971, she was instrumental in launching the Women's Rights Project of the American Civil Liberties Union, and served as the ACLU's Common Counsel from 1973-1980, and on the National Board of Directors from 1974-1980. Each and every barrister belongs to a single of the 4 Inns, Middle Temple, Inner Temple, Gray's Inn, and Lincoln's Inn. In Victoria, to practice as a Barrister, a Practitioner is essential to be admitted and has to study for nine months beneath a mentor Barrister with at least ten years of experience, who isn't either a Senior Counsel or Queens Counsel ('a silk').
Re: the immunity conferred in respect of the Hedley Byrne tort of negligent suggestions has arguably been weakened if not overruled by Saif Ali v Sydney Mitchell 1978 HL and Arthur JS Hall v Simons 2002 except situations such as Moy v Pettmann Smith & Anor 2005 HL shows that a clear set of principles relating to when a Barrister will be held liable is however to emerge, with the Barrister retaining some scope to workout their forensic judgement exactly where they believe it is in the interests of their client.
If a newly qualified employment solicitor was going to produce £300,000 in bills, then clearly their salary would be closer to the £100,000 mark. She was appointed a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 1980. Conversely, the public may well now employ and interact with a barrister straight in certain types of work without the need of possessing to go to a solicitor 1st. In prior years the distinction between barristers and solicitors was far more defined but is becoming less so in current periods as a lot more solicitors are permitted to appear in court as advocates.


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Narrow Road to the Deep North
In the dispair of a Japanese POW Camp on the Death Railway, surgeon Dorrigo Evans is haunted by his love affair with his uncle's young wife 2 years earlier. Struggling to save the men under his command from starvation, from cholera, from beatings, he receives a letter that will change his life forever.
Copyright © 2020 The Deercreek Country Club Owner's Association. All Rights Reserved.


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You should smell my house right now. Oh my goodness! The leaves are not quite changing yet and it may not be fall quite yet but it has felt like it the last few days and I couldn't resist. Fall flavors are my favorite. The heavy, bold flavors that bring a warmth and comfort to the home. The break of summer with it's light fresh flavors are great, but by the end of the season I am ready for mittens and a warm fire.
I busted out my Fall Harvest Granola recipe today. I made a batch on this cool morning and the house is filled with the cozy feel of cinnamon, pumpkin and toasty grains. A handful of this on some homemade yogurt with local honey and berries. It's the perfect transition into fall; the fresh berries and spices.
This afternoon will be my old fashion molasses cookies or maybe molasses cake. Either of which will prolong the fall comforts and both are wonderful with a hot cup of coffee. The molasses cake I make is a rendition of one I found in an old church cookbook. It was good but plain, so I spruced it up a bit and have since convinced myself that it is ok to eat for breakfast with my eggs and bacon. Yes, it is that good.
Now, I thought about posting the recipes for these so you can share in this wonderfulness but you're going to have to wait. They have earned a spot in my cookbook that, if everything works out, will be done and available in time for Christmas. It has been a long process perfecting recipes that I have always made with the measurements of "about that much", "a good handful" and "until it looks right". Once the measurements have been translated into something more universal like cups and tablespoons a photo must be taken too. The recipes are great the photography… well I don't claim to be a photographer but I am doing my best.
I will keep you posted as the publishing date gets closer. It's available here!!


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Learn More About Hiking with Shawn
I created Hiking with Shawn just for fun and to promote the Shawnee National Forest and southern Illinois hiking. You all, my fans, took it to the next level and showed me my call, Hiking with Shawn started out as a fun hobby and now it is a lifelong passion. Thank you!
Check Out My Very First Video
Hiking with Shawn was created to be a fun way of promoting Shawnee National Forest, state parks and other outdoor recreational areas in southern Illinois. However, within a year of making videos, Hiking with Shawn grew to having nearly 30,000 total views, over 500 subscribers and more than 200 videos uploaded. While having fun is still a goal, the mission of Hiking with Shawn is to promote the Shawnee National Forest, state parks and hiking in southern Illinois and get more families outside.
Hiking with Shawn was created by Shawn J. Gossman, a local native who has hiked the forests and woods of southern Illinois for over 20 years. Shawn is an advocate of promoting outdoor recreation for many reasons. For starters, outdoor rec is what could capitalize entertainment in southern Illinois. And finally, is healthy and it protects the environment to get more people out, and exploring the nature that this area has to provide. Shawn is passionate about this and will continue to improve the channel for everyone!
Shawn is the founder and CEO of Hiking with Shawn LLC. Shawn is educated with an MBA and a Master of Homeland Security concentrating in Emergency Management and Public Health. Shawn is focusing his efforts as being a subject matter expert in rural-based emergency management and business continuity. Shawn enjoys the outdoors whether hiking, backpacking, mountain biking or scenic driving.
What Hiking with Shawn Does
Hiking with Shawn Makes Hiking Videos
Hiking with Shawn Makes Gear Videos
Hiking with Shawn Maintains a website, blog and trail finder database
Hiking with Shawn mainly focusing on YouTube
Hiking with Shawn also has a Facebook Page
Hiking with Shawn is on Twitter as well
Hiking with Shawn shares its photos on Instagram
Contact Hiking with Shawn Today!
Copyright © 2018 Hiking with Shawn, LLC


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Product Description
14K white gold tennis bracelet with 3.73 carats round brilliant cut diamonds set on a prong setting. Diamond quality is E to G in color and VS to SI in clarity.
Product Reviews
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Michigan State Law School grad headed to IAAF World Championships
Provided by Chattanooga Mocs
She suffered many injuries throughout her career at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, but distance runner Lanni Marchant, an eight-time SoCon Champion, didn't let that stop her.
"The thought of being a student and not being an athlete didn't sit well with me, so it probably kept me going though UTC and law school," Marchant said.
Marchant, a 2007 graduate of UTC, will be representing her home country of Canada on August 10 at the IAAF World Championships in Moscow, Russia. She will be running the marathon, an event that was just out of her reach at the 2012 London Olympics. She was just shy of the Canadian qualifying standard of 2:29:55 after running a 2:31:51 in the Rotterdam Marathon in early 2012.
"Rotterdam is where I ran my qualifying time for this championship. I ran the ninth fastest Canadian time ever," she said. "Obviously I would have loved to have gone to the Olympics, but everything happens for a reason. I just hope to have a really good performance in Moscow at the World Championships and hope it paves the way for me to get to represent Canada."
This will be Marchant's fourth marathon. Her first was the Ottawa Marathon in 2011 followed by the Chicago race later that same year. At Rotterdam she ran her best time ever but is hoping to improve on that time at the Worlds.
Marchant's training for this marathon is much different than here training when she started out with a full time work schedule as a criminal attorney and a part time training slate.
"Comparative to my first two marathons, my training is hugely different," Marchant said. "I used to be a 60-70 mile-a-week runner. I started working full time here in Chattanooga so I was trying to cram what mileage I could between my work shifts – before work and after."
Now she put 100-110 miles a week on a regular basis. In January she began her build up then traveled to Kenya to get in altitude training and continue the build. Over the course of her training she participated in half marathons and 10K events. She won a 10K in Toronto with a time of 31:57 and broke Hamilton, Ontario's course record by 1:25 with a time of 1:44.39. She also claimed the title at the Scotiabank Half Marathon in Vancouver with a time of 1:11:38.
"Everything's been building till now and I've started my taper," Marchant explained. "I cut down to the mid-80s last week, the mid-70s this week and next week it's very little running until the actual race, just enough to keep my system moving and my legs feeling fresh.
After that it will be a well-deserved rest.
"My race is on the first day, so I'll relax and take in the rest of the World Championships as well as some of the sights of Moscow."
While at UTC, Marchant was a highly decorated athlete despite running alongside All-American Shannon Wommack and NCAA qualifier Kathleen Turchin. Marchant was the 2007 Southern Conference Female Athlete of the Year and recipient of the Scrappy Moore Award in 2006. She was an eight-time SoCon Champion and won both the 5K and 10K at the 2007 league Outdoor Championships.
Marchant qualified for the NCAA Championship three times over her career in cross country and outdoor track and field and was twice named to the NCAA South Region team for her performance.
As well as the athletic accomplishments, Marchant excelled in the academic arena. She was a three time USTFCCCA Academic All-American, a two-time NCAA All-American and received the Dayle May Academic Achievement Award at UTC as the senior with the highest GPA.
Marchant will travel to Germany today to meet up with Team Canada. After a few days of training there, the team will travel to Moscow on August 7. The marathon will be run on the first day of competition on August 10 and opening ceremonies will be that evening.
"It's a pretty big deal for me. It's not something I really saw myself doing at any point in my running career prior to the last year-and-a-half," Marchant said. "I've been on some smaller Canadian teams and I met the girls and guys who had been to the Worlds and the Olympics. I didn't even put myself in that same category."
After graduating from UTC, Marchant went on to school in Ottawa and then to Michigan State where she earned her law degree. She is currently employed in Chattanooga with the Speek and Webb Law Firm.


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Cost-efficient and reliable electrification of container terminals from design to project execution – with ABB's domain expertise on container terminals and power distribution in utility and industry applications.
ABB has the knowledge, products and systems for helping terminal operators to build cost-efficient and reliable infrastructure that allows the terminal's operational targets to be met.
Terminal electrification solution content
Electrical infrastructure is the backbone of a modern container terminal. Given the increasing number of electrically powered equipment, reefer racks and other electrical consumers at a container handling facility, designing and building such infrastructure is a demanding task. Truly optimized electrical infrastructure requires deep knowledge about power distribution from system design to project execution. Such infrastructure plays an important role in successful terminal operation over time, and helps to achieve the set targets.
Using electrically powered equipment significantly reduces emissions and noise from a terminal, which improves the working environment for the people working in the terminal, and reduces the terminal's impact on the surrounding community. Combined with shore-to-ship power connection the emissions of terminal operations can be reduced even further.
Learn more about power distribution in a container terminal via the links below, or by contacting us.
Submit your inquiry and we will contact you


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GP Pro Painting, Inc. has painted thousands of homes here in Tucson and surrounding areas since 1985. We love what we do and look forward to being a part of your painting project!
Know what you want? Great! We love to execute on a homeowner's vision. Not sure whether to go mild or wild? That's where our consultative approach and vast experience shines. We'll come up with a color concept and plan that you'll love, then we'll make it happen.
Call today to schedule your appointment and get your free estimate.
Remember, no job is too small or too large for G. P. Pro Painting!
We can't wait to hear from you!


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Robin was incredibly patient working with us. We spent a year looking at houses and couldn't find a house that we liked in our price range.
After looking at dozens of houses, Robin found a house the day before it went on the market. While I was out of town, Robin showed my wife the house that day, and my wife knew this was the house for us. Robin got us the first of 22 showings. I went through the house with Robin and my wife, we immediately submitted an offer, and we finally had our home.
Robin made the entire home buying process seamless. Her knowledge of the area and her persistence in continuing to look for a house that was right for us was invaluable. She found our house, negotiated the price, negotiated the inspection, and helped with finding our mortgage.
This is my tenth house, and I have to say that Robin has been the most professional and easy to work with than any realtor I have worked with in the past.
Robin, thank you so much for all of your help. You are the best!