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Live updates
It's Hammond vs May as IFS says they can't both have it their way
The PM has promised to end austerity, the chancellor has promised to balance the books by the mid 2020s - the IFS doubts both can be done.Read the full story ›
Sobering warning to face reality of future cuts
After long-awaited good news on the economy, an esteemed report paints a worrying picture of the huge problems the country still faces.Read the full story ›
Warning of 'hugely challenging' cuts in public services
The impact of the Government's planned cuts in public services after the next election will be "hugely challenging", a leading economic thinktank has said, warning against a "false sense that all is now well".
The Institute for Fiscal Studies railed against overconfidence after a return to healthy growth in the economy, saying 60% of Chancellor George Osborne's cuts are still due to take effect from next year.
However, figures from Oxford Economics predicted 2.6% growth in GDP this year, raising the prospect that continued growth could remove the need for Mr Osborne's austerity plans to be implemented in full.
Third of workers wages cut or frozen in 2010-11
Wages have fallen by more in real terms during the current economic downturn than ever previously recorded, according to an economic think-tank.
According to the Institute for Fiscal Studies, a third of workers who stayed in the same post following the recession suffered a cut or freeze in their wages in cash terms in 2010-11.
Once inflation is taken into account, real-terms pay has fallen by more since the recession began in 2008 than in any comparable five-year period, said the think-tank in a working paper for the magazine Fiscal Studies.
It found that many UK companies, particularly smaller businesses, have cut wages rather than lay off staff.
Workers have been willing to accept pay reductions because of the fierce competition for those jobs which are available.
IFS: Most working households worse off since 2010
Respected financial analysts the Institute for Fiscal Studies has told ITV News that working households would "substantially" gain from the new welfare benefit changes, but that they would be down overall since the coalition was formed in 2010.
Senior research economist Robert Joyce said: "If you look at just the changes coming in this month and you look at working households then the majority of those will gain and will gain quite substantially.
"That is mainly because of the rise to the personal allowance, which will reduce the amount of income tax that they pay.
"That stands in quite significant contrast to the wider consolidation.
"Looking at all the measures that are happening that started in 2010 and that are happening to the end of this parliament, if you look at all the measures announced over that period, then most of those families will lose overall because of things like the main rise in VAT back in January 2011."
Chancellor George Osborne earlier said that the welfare and tax changes "will make work pay".
OECD: UK economy may need more stimulus
The OECD said the UK economy may need more stimulus and a further round of quantitative easing may be necessary.
The OECD said UK growth remained flat, and is only expected to "pick up momentum" towards the end of next year. The Paris-based economic think tank forecasts that the UK economy will grow just 0.9% this year, after shrinking 0.1% in 2012.
Angel Gurría, the OECD's secretary general, said a "particularly bright spot" in the UK was employment figures.
OECD: UK needs to boost growth and tackle inequality
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development said the UK must do more to boost growth and tackle inequality, which it says are key to the economic recovery.
Speaking at a press conference with George Osborne, Angel Gurría, the OECD's secretary general again gave the Chancellor broad support:
Fiscal consolidation needs to be embedded in a comprehensive package that also promotes growth. Further structural reforms are key to a stronger, more inclusive and prosperous Britain.
In its annual report on the state of the economy the OECD said:
Fairness is important to ensure public support for the necessary fiscal consolidation effort, which will need to be sustained over a protracted period.
Restraint on spending on public services, imposed by the budget situation, will hit the poor hardest, as their consumption of public services is higher relative to their income than for the more affluent and they have less access to alternative services.
Labour: IFS report shows government's failure
Rachel Reeves MP, Labour's Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury said the Green Budget, released today by the IFS, shows the government's plan has failed.
The IFS report shows how badly the Government's plan has failed. By choking off the recovery the Chancellor is now borrowing billions more than he planned as the costs of economic failure mount.
The IFS also confirms that changes this April – including a tax giveaway to millionaires while tax credits are cut for millions of working families – are regressive and will see the richest tenth gain most while the bottom 50 per cent lose.
This kind of trickle-down economics just isn't going to work. After two and a half years of stagnation it's time we finally had a plan for jobs and growth to kick-start this flatlining economy. The longer this economic failure continues the longer families and businesses will pay the price."
IFS: Post-election NHS and pension spending cuts 'likely'
Paul John, director of the Institute for Fiscal Studies, said the effects of further spending cuts on government departments already having their budgets slashed would be "hard to contemplate" and it was more likely that "protected" departments would be hit in the next parliament.
The effects of concentrating all those cuts on currently unprotected areas of public service spending look hard to contemplate.
A more likely scenario perhaps is that other choices will be made after the next election.
Taxes could rise, hitherto protected elements of public spending, like the NHS and pensions, could be hit, or the date at which we reach fiscal balance will be pushed further out.
Government 'to borrow £64 billion more' than planned
The Institute for Fiscal Studies said the Chancellor will borrow £64 billion more than intended during this parliament.
The increased figures is due to Osborne's original borrowing predictions being based on a more optimistic economic outlook. The IFS explain:
He will be borrowing £64 billion more in 2014-15 than he planned just two years ago. This is because he is choosing not to offset the forecast deterioration of £65 billion driven by a worse economic outlook. Announced policy measures will reduce borrowing by just £1 billion. As a result he is on course to miss his own target of debt falling in 2015.
Indeed he is now pursuing a looser policy than that permitted by the last government's Fiscal Responsibility Act. Had he not repealed that legislation he would have been obliged to cut spending or increase taxes by around an additional £8 billion next year.


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The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) defines "qualified interpreter" in its Title III regulation as:
"an interpreter who is able to interpret effectively, accurately and impartially both receptively and expressively, using any necessary specialized vocabulary."
This definition continues to cause a great deal of confusion among consumers, service providers and professional interpreters. While the definition empowers deaf and hearing consumers to demand satisfaction, it provides no assistance to hiring entities (who are mandated by ADA to provide interpreter services) in determining who is "qualified" BEFORE services are provided. This is a critical point. Without the tools or mechanisms to identify who has attained some level of competency, hiring entities are at a loss on how to satisfy the mandates of ADA in locating/providing "qualified" interpreter services.
RID…Setting the Standard
Attempting to take over where the ADA leaves off with this definition, RID, in its role as the national association representing the profession, strives to maintain high standards for its members – above and beyond that required by the ADA. This elevates the interpreter holding RID credentials and sets the bar for interpreting services throughout the profession.
Possessing RID certification is a highly valued asset for an interpreter and helps you to stand above the rest. For the betterment of the profession and the service to the consumer, RID has a tri-fold approach to the standards it maintains for its membership:
- RID's Certification Programs strive to maintain strict adherence to nationally recognized, testing industry standards of validity, reliability, equity and legal defensibility.
- Certified Maintenance Program (CMP) is an avenue through which the continued skill development of certified interpreters/transliterators is monitored and nourished
- Ethical Practices System (EPS) and Code of Professional Conduct (CPC) are two vehicles which provide guidance and enforcement to professionalism and conduct. The EPS provides an opportunity for consumers to address concerns or file complaints regarding the quality of interpreter/transliterator services, and the CPC sets the standards to which all individuals holding RID certification are expected to adhere.
Learn more about RID's Standard Practice Papers>>
The Growth of the Profession…
The growth and maturation of the profession has also created a movement in many states to consider state licensure requirements for its interpreters. Many states have passed the necessary legislation for this requirement. Learn more>>
In addition to an increased number of state licensure laws, there has also been a steady increase in the number of interpreter training/preparation programs (ITPs) available as well as professional training opportunities, such as workshops and conferences, offered at the local, state, regional and national level.
The Future of Interpreting…
With these advancements, "standards" or the "norm" for interpreters 15 years ago are really no longer relevant today.
All professions go through maturation phases. In nursing, there are delineated differences between an orderly, nurse's aide, LVN and RN; in law, the same holds true between a legal secretary, a paralegal and an attorney. In many professions, such as nursing and law, states have implemented clear-cut requirements and standards for that profession including timelines and an organizational structure for when and how these requirements would be met.
We are at a point in the interpreting profession to not only witness but impact the progress and journey down this path.

subset: commoncrawl


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kabali is Tamil Mob movie directed by Pa Ranjith . The film features Rajini in the leading role, while Santhosh Narayanan composes the film's music. Release date of this movie is 22-07-2016. kabali FDFS Review.
kabali Movie Information:
Starring : Prakash Raj, Radhika Apte, Dinesh, Kalaiyarasan, Dhansika, Kishore
Director : Pa Ranjith Music Director : Santhosh Narayanan
Producer: Kalaipuli S Thanu
Cinematographer: G. Murali
Editor: Praveen K L
Budget: ₹ 60 Crore
Runtime: 138 minutes
kabali Song Rating
Songs rating are opened after album release.
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kabali Official Trailer
Exact youtube Video Review:
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kabali Review
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Kabali is a brilliant movie when you approach it from the standpoint of a commercial-realistic film. It has a very powerful yet simple plot with Rajinikanth figureheading the entire operation. I'm happy that Ranjith decided to finally break the "Superstar" mold and throw out unnecessary punch dialogs, hand motions, and gravity-defying stunts from this movie and stick to the basics. Kabali definitely has a "Madras" feel to it, and displays some of the best acting that Rajini has done in years. If people came into this movie expecting a Sivaji: the Boss or an Enthiran type movie, they would've been disappointed, as this is a more emotional melodramatic portrayal of a Gangster's life. However, if you come in with the notion that this is a return a Rajinikanth 80s-esque script (like Johnny or Mullum Mallarum), you will be more than happy with what Kabali has to offer.
I watched kabali movie. I think We all have more expectation But the movie is Average I doesnt know whether its all because of the hype it created. I enjoyed superstar performance through out the movie especially teaser dialogue Kabali da and "Ketavan sir indha Kabali" . But movie comes under normal category where hero saves people even 1st it involves in saving his daughter.
Kabali A Rajini movie althrough. But still lacks pace in the first half. People who know malaysia and the tamil could only connect to the movie. Many characters have tried to touch the malaysian tamilslang. But no body could use their "la" language. Even Thalaivar said to be a third generation malaysian tamil in movie never uses that slang. Though story moved around Malaysia camera is stuck only at Times square. A good number of cast From Ranjith school like Dinesh Kalayarasan and Madras fame pair of kalayarasn Nasser Sangili murugan etc. But Johnbritto steals the show. Where is Radhika Apte of hollywood. Ranjith punishes her with colorful sarees in all frames. Next question comes where is Ranjith of Attakathi and Madras. JOINS THE MISSING LIST. A Director who gave a wonderful movie of a WALL in Madras is fully confused. What is the school run by kabali for? An inmate takes drug in the premises. The inmate goes wayward in streets for drug and even betrays Kabali. Only Radhika Apte jo


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Your Best Friend: But Will It Work?
January 28, 2013
Last October, tens of thousands of New York, New Jersey, and Delaware residents discovered that calls to and from their cell phones were not getting through – just as the high winds and flooding were hitting in full force.
In the blog article Living through Sandy: Tips from a Survivor by Frantz Ostmann, you will find some surprises.
But Lesson #3 is: "Yes, it can happen to you." See the Executive Director report for a link to this fascinating blog post.
Here are a few things that you, your family, and your friends should know about cell phones. These tricks maximize your chances of communicating, while helping not to "choke" the cell system.
1. Have a plan: tell a friend or relative outside your region that you will be texting them in an emergency. They can then reply, notify others, and be a message drop for you and your family.
2. Use text, not voice. Text utilizes the "control channel," which gives you the little signal bars and performs other phone functions. It will probably have more bandwidth. Texting also uses less battery power.
3. Turn your phone on for only a few minutes at a time, every 2-4 hours, to preserve your battery. See if you have a signal, send and receive your text messages, and turn it off again.
4. Avoid the temptation to attempt voice calls. Even if you have a signal, the cellular voice system will probably get clogged, since with power outages, flooding, earthquakes etc. the cell infrastructure will be seriously degraded.
5. Have a way to charge your phone, smartphone, Ipad, etc. Hand cranked chargers are inexpensive and work fine, but you have to have one *before* the disaster. See below for more tips.
6. Did you know that you can send an email to most cellphones? Details in the article How to Use the Internet When the Internet is Gone, thanks to John Hermann on Buzzfeed.
I am grateful to Larry Bentley, who provided most of the expertise and content for the article that follows:
What you should know about cell phones when things are rough – lessons from a technician who was in New York following Hurricane Sandy
Here is Larry's report:
I arrived Oct 31 Wednesday afternoon at Islip Long Island airport, the closest open airport my airline could get me to New York City. Long Island, even though further away from landfall point, had significant tree damage leading to power outages. As I arrived I noted cell phone service was spotty. I immediately switched to text mode.
In this case, I suspect many of the local area cell towers were out of juice, as electricity was out in many areas around Long Island. Surprisingly, the airport terminal had WiFi operational so I shifted to it for communication updates to my work.
Thursday we got to work in Manhattan. Crossing the bridges from Queens was restricted to vehicles with 3 or more. And naturally some people were readily standing by the road to add to your load to make the requirement. I don't know if they really wanted into Manhattan or just rode back and forth, don't know if they charged for the "service". Traffic signals were out of power from about 50th street south along 2nd Ave. Never thought I'd drive at nearly 40 mph through Manhattan for blocks without stopping. Police were waving traffic through due south on 2nd, so going east or west wasn't a good idea. Think how local traffic will be impacted and plan your routes accordingly. Along the Gulf Coast, in hurricane preparation, they switch traffic on interstates, "contra-flow" with all lanes out bound to get more traffic out of about to be impacted areas.
Parking in lower Manhattan, if you had signage on your vehicle showing you were emergency response, was catch as catch can. If you found a spot you used it (sidewalks often included!), tow trucks were mercifully scarce the first few days, or nothing would have gotten done. The underground parking garages all had flooded and they were pumping them out, so they weren't usable.
Don't leave your cell phone on! Ever notice when you are in an area of spotty cell coverage that your battery runs down much quicker? Cell phones regularly "ping" out a "here I am" message and then await a response from the cell system base station, enabling the base stations to know what phone numbers are now in their best coverage zone and allowing routing of incoming calls to the right geographic location country wide.
When a cellphone doesn't get that comforting response from the cell tower, it keeps "pinging" and searching channels trying to find a base station to allow it to connect. These extra transmissions cause the battery to discharge much faster. In the first few days after the storm, I left my cell phone on even while working in a basement where no cell coverage was possible. My battery ran down in less than one day from a full charge, fortunately I had access to power to recharge it.
Preserve your battery charge, turn it on infrequently. The best way to keep the battery charged is to turn the phone on for only a few minutes at a time every 2-4 or so hours in daytime and early evening to see if coverage is back. If there is no good signal, the phone goes into hunt mode and that really eats battery much faster than normal.
If you are in areas with widespread power outages and spotty cell service, turn your phone OFF for the majority of the time. Turn it on and check it say every 2-3 hours for a few minutes and see if there is a signal, if so then check for text messages! The system will hold them while your phone is turned off.
This is the common mode that people in developing countries use, who live with no electricity source to charge their cell phones. They check for text messages maybe once a day to maximize battery life. They walk or ride a bus to town and charge the cell phone at a store or charging station while doing their frequent market chores (no refrigerator means more frequent grocery shopping). This greatly conserves your battery life. If you have no signal who can call you anyway?
Once cell coverage is back, car cigarette lighter chargers can work even with car not running, put key into accessory and turn off fan, lights, radio if you aren't using it for getting info. with a car charger, turning the phone on to check if coverage is back on probably won't run the battery down at all as it is getting charge at same time.
Solar and the little hand cranked radios with cell charger cords are available, but if you don't have one BEFORE the event you won't have one after it.
Don't depend on AC power. If you travel with just a wall charger you are able to use only AC power, which will probably be out for days or weeks. Instead, pack a USB-to-cell charger cord, a wall-to-USB adapter, or a vehicle cigarette lighter socket-to-USB power adapter. Now you can charge from: a laptop powered off a single wall outlet, from a car socket, from any wall outlet, or even those specialized USB power ports that are popping up. You have many more options. If you know how to use alligator jumper clips you could even charge from a disabled/flooded or wrecked car if that battery still has charge. If you are down to a wrecked vehicle watch for leaking fuel so you don't ignite it with a spark while hooking up.
Have a way to charge cell phones and mission critical gear in your response kit - a solar panel, hand cranked generator, liquid fueled generator or whatever. Have at least one way WITH YOU to keep mission critical gear going for a few days. This could even be commercial batteries, AA, C or D cells. Several sources that deal with electronic hobbyists sell battery cases that hold 4 AA cells and have a USB port to allow recharging your cell phone from AA batteries. There are also single AA powered chargers with multiple adapter tips to match many brands of cell phones.
Simply don't let AC power availability be a single point of failure for your work. Maintain options.
Use texting for cell phones, but check for spotty WiFi connections and use them if available.
Why Texting works when voice calls don't.
Text messages travel on the control channel of the cell phone system, not the voice channels. The voice channels, which are traffic engineered for only a limited percentage of the cell phones in the coverage area to be actively making a voice or data call, Thus, they probably will be overloaded in disasters. The control channel has a much better chance of getting your text through if there is any cell signal at all.
Elevation helps. Later in the week I was in lower Manhattan still with poor cell coverage, but climbing 15+ flights of stairs got me to decent signals since by then midtown Manhattan power and cell sites were working. In more rural areas elevation can be the same help, after a disaster as when you are hiking or camping on vacation. Cell signals are UHF frequencies and are basically line of sight, so get high and improve your lines of sight, you may get a distant signal that others lower down don't see.
Smart Phones are great travel aids, but their navigation systems typically don't have stored map databases. They pull local map details via the cell phone system. So, if there is spotty or no local cell service, you have no map info. The GPS receiver will still work since it is satellite based, but you are without map details.
Lesson: a dedicated GPS navigation device with current or near current database will still work when with cell phones are down.
Restoration work - contractors have basically all switched over to cell phones, some with push to talk features, having long since abandoned the old heavy walkie talkies. But those old Walkie Talkies only need charging based on usage and they are totally INDEPENDENT of local cell phone infrastructure and service. Who needs worldwide calling capability when you just need to communicate up or down ten stories of a building or across a city block? Yes, it is another device to carry in the response kit, but it will work, regardless of local damage levels. As a fallback, even the "toy" walkie talkies may worth pulling out to use, they may only work a ¼ mile but they may be all you need.
Flashlights - Or course, with backup batteries, the LED units are far more efficient than the incandescent bulb units, so your batteries last longer. Backup, smaller single AA or AAA powered LED flashlights can let you walk stairs and other short range tasks without drawing down your big flashlight's battery. Those little coin battery keychain flashlights can do some tasks too.
Try to standardize battery types. Can all your essential gear run off AA batteries alone? Then you only need to buy, store, and ROTATE one size of stored batteries to keep your response kit fresh.
Other notes on local Manhattan impacts.
The buildings that had electrical switchgear (and sometimes backup generators and or fuel tanks) in the basement lost not only power but will be down until the water damaged electrical gear is carefully cleaned or replaced. Learn from their sorrow. Fuel tanks often floated, broke loose from piping and leaked fuel, thus stopping backup generators.
City codes changed after 9/11 to greatly limited fuel storage on above ground floors. Less than 600 gallons won't last long with large electrical loads to support. A 2 Megawatt generator can go through 120-140 gallons an hour at full load. An old rule of thumb was 1 gallon per hour for every 10KW of electrical load on the generator if partially loaded.
The flooding from storm surge was brackish salty water and very corrosive to electrical gear.
The high rise apartment buildings, and even not so high rise units, that lost power (Zone A) had issues that don't appear obvious from the outside. City water pressure generally only provides enough pressure to get water up 4-5 stories. The buildings each have jockey pumps to pump water to elevated tanks for domestic and fire protection use.
Without power to the building, quickly there is no water above the 4th or 5th floor. So toilets don't flush. With elevators down, the elderly were trapped in those upper floors, with very cold weather moving in the buildings without power dropped to near ambient temperatures. A week and 2 days after the storm, NYC got 2 inches of snow.
So folks who didn't evacuate soon had no lights, no elevators, no running water, and no heat or cooling if it had been summer.
Still thinking of not evacuating your high rise for a storm likely to cause local flooding?
Larry Bentley
If you have questions for Larry, contact us at email@example.com.


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01355 241 088 | email@example.com
Highlander Security Shredding operate Public Drop Off service for confidential waste destruction, opening up our shredding services to the general public. At Highlander, we are always keen to work with the local community and our new public drop off service is a perfect example of this – being the only shredding company in Lanarkshire to offer our shredding services to both businesses and the public alike. This allows you to dispose of any unwanted, confidential waste papers – such as bank or credit card statements, utility bills, health records or any other sensitive material – in a secure, GDPR compliant, safe and environmentally friendly manner, completely hassle free! With ever increasing coverage in the media about scams and identity fraud, why run the risk of your personal details being stolen?
Here at Highlander's Public Drop Off service, we can help prevent identity fraud, and give you extra peace of mind that your documents will NEVER come back to bite you, because our shredding service is more destructive than a great white! Disposing of your old confidential paperwork, would normally be a time-consuming and monotonous task, however we operate 3 industrial shredders, with combined shredding capacity of 8 tonnes of paper per hour – no more need to worry about your household shredder burning out after a few sheets have been put through! Once the shredding has taken place the shredded paper will be baled for 100% recycling within the UK, so you are also playing your part in helping the environment. Our high security shredding processes and operations are fully insured, GDPR compliant and externally certified to EN15713 standards while also being accredited to all other necessary professional requirements within the industry. The depot is under constant CCTV supervision, with all staff completing pre-employment screening and Disclosure Scotland checks to BS7858 standards, so you can have total faith that your confidential, personal documents will be handled diligently, efficiently and effectively at ALL times!
Well the answer to that is it's a very simple, easy and friendly service to use! On arrival at the Highlander premises, you will see the Public Drop Off sign and office at the front of the building. Simply press the buzzer and one of our friendly and professional advisors will allow you access to the main reception where your bags will be taken away for destruction.
You will be charged £1.50 per bag or box, and will be given a receipt for your records, which also includes a Declaration of destruction which will be signed by the advisor as a way of guaranteeing the material will be shredded. We also offer the option of providing a separate certificate of destruction for an additional charge of £1, which would be emailed to you on completion of the shredding as extra verification. We can also provide you with confidential waste bags to use to store your paperwork. These bags are available for a cost of £1 per bag and then a further £1 to return the bag to us for shredding your paperwork.
If you want to see the material being shredded, we would be delighted to take you up to our mezzanine viewing area where you can watch the confidential papers be shredded and baled personally!
For any enquiries on this service please feel free to contact the shredding department directly on 01355 241088 or email firstname.lastname@example.com and we look forward to welcoming you to our depot in the near future!


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The Hazard Communication Standard
Jul 08
Any kind of hazardous agent can cause occupational disorders and diseases, including systemic toxicity, or systemic effects, and occupational skin diseases (OSD), which are actually the second most common types of work-related diseases. While systemic toxicity damages internal organs once the fumes of toxic substances are inhaled, the development of occupational skin diseases occurs when the skin comes in contact with hazardous chemicals. There are several different forms of occupational skin diseases, including irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, skin infections, and skin cancers.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says that there are at least 13 million workers in the U.S. whose jobs regularly exposed them to hazardous chemicals, like Acetone, Acetonitrile, Ammonia, Asbestos, Benzene, Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, Formaldehyde, Hexane, Lead, Methanol, Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, and Titanium Dioxide.
Employers all the across the US have the responsibility of assuring their employees of a safe and healthy working environment. This responsibility, which is mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) which the United States Congress passed into law in 1970, is enforced by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) which, in turn, was created by OSH Act in 1971. Part of OSHA's endeavor in maintaining health and safety in all workplaces, but more so in sites where workers are exposed to chemical hazards, it enacted the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS), which took effect in 1986.
The HCS, also called the Worker Right-to-Know Legislation or the Right-to-Know law, gives workers the right to know everything about the chemical hazards they are exposed to and how they can protect themselves from these. To fulfill these, employers are mandated to train their workers on the proper handling and storing of chemical substances, and provide their workers with the necessary gears which will protect them from any form of harm.
Workers who are often exposed to potentially harmful substances, include those in the following industries: construction, agriculture, mechanics, printing/lithography, painting, cleaning, cosmetology, health care and food service.
According to The Benton law firm, companies should have proper safety features in place to protect workers against workplace accidents and injuries. Failure to ensure the presence of these safety pictures makes employers totally liable for whatever injuries their employees may sustain.Read More


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The Chocolate Moses Story
From Ignorance to Awareness
In spring 2008, I was with a friend in my living room in San Francisco. As a part of our preparation for the Passover Seder, we were studying the Haggadah and talking about the Jewish people's redemption. I was happily, obliviously munching on some chocolate when my friend casually mentioned that much of the world's chocolate supply begins in West Africa, specifically Ivory Coast and Ghana. He said that in these countries enslaved children frequently harvest the cocoa beans.
At first, I denied the truth of his statement. Slavery still exists? C'mon. I believed slavery was a thing of the past.
But if it did exist, how many slaves were there and what else did they labor to produce? Did my choices have a connection to slavery? I had no clue about the origin of my chocolate or many of the other products I consumed. If what he said was true, there was a distinct possibility that the chocolate sweetness I had been enjoying began in the bitter roots of slavery.
When my attention returned to the Haggadah, the text was the same but I began to see it with different eyes. Avadim Hayyinu. Yes, we were slaves. As I soon learned, there are still slaves in the world today.
This experience gave birth to the idea for Chocolate Moses.
From Awareness to Education
That initial experience birthed an awareness that changed everything. As I began learning about modern slavery and the concurrent global crisis of human trafficking, any resistance I had toward accepting its existence quickly vanished. I read books and articles by Kevin Bales, Ron Soodalter, E. Benjamin Skinner, David Batstone, Christien Van Den Anker, and many others. I researched data provided by the websites of the U.S. State Department, the U.S. Department of Labor, The International Labour Organization, The Polaris Project, Free the Slaves, Not for Sale, and many other non-governmental studies and organizations.
What I discovered made my heart sink. There are between 21 and 27 million slaves in over 70 countries around the world, including the United States and Israel. Not only does slave labor taint our chocolate, it is present in the harvest, mining and production of over 100 different goods around the world, ranging from artificial flowers in China to zinc in Bolivia. Equally painful is the awareness that sex workers around the world are commonly trafficked and enslaved.
Looking to the Jewish tradition for guidance, I needed help to frame my feelings and organize my thoughts as I considered how best to act. Seven arguments inspired me to take up this project:
- The Torah teaches we are created B'tzelem Elohim,[1] In the image of God. This text does not mean a world in which we are all seen as fundamentally the same. When we look at the other, we see the other. And in the other, we see a trace of God's creation. This forces us into relationship with each other in order to attempt to fulfill our responsibility to God.
- The Passover Haggadah reads, Avadim Hayyinu, Once we were slaves. Passover reminds us of our ancestor's liberation from slavery and we are commanded to retell the story as if it were we who went out from Egypt. We are now called to partner with God in humankind's liberation, fulfilling our responsibility to our ancestors and to the Jewish tradition.
- As a general principle, Kol Yisrael arevim zeh bazeh, All Jews are responsible for one another. But as a progressive Jew in the tension between the particular and the universal, I lean toward a view advocated by the French-Jewish philosopher Emmanel Levinas. He said, "All who cleave to the divine law, all men worthy of the name, are responsible for each other."
- According to the 12th century sage Maimonides, to redeem a slave from a life that is beyond his control is among the most important of the commandments. It is more urgent than clothing or feeding the poor, since a slave is also hungry, thirsty and his life may be in immediate danger. Maimonides said that to ignore our responsibility to redeem the enslaved is to violate the biblical prohibitions forbidding us from hardening our hearts, from standing idly by the blood of our neighbor, and from ruling over our laborers ruthlessly. To ignore the enslaved also violates the commandments to open our hands to the poor, to let our brothers live by our side, and to love our neighbor as ourselves.
- Judaism forbids denying the free will of the worker. In Judaism we learn that workers are free to organize themselves and they may refuse to work until employers meet their conditions. The Rabbis of the Talmud also teach that a worker is free to quit his job at any time, provided his resignation will not cause irreparable harm to his employer because of the timing of his resignation.
- The dignity and rights of workers are our concern. The Torah forbids us from wronging or oppressing the stranger. We may not abuse a needy or destitute laborer nor may we withhold their wages. According to the Talmud, if we do this we deprive the laborer of his life, for he risked his life for his work and his life depends on his wages. And if we gain honor through the degradation of another human being, we violate the principle of k'vod ha'briyot, human dignity. Instead, God commands us to uphold the cause of the stranger; for once we were strangers in the land of Egypt.
- Lastly, Judaism forbids us from benefiting from unethically obtained goods. For example, the Mishnah prohibits us from using a stolen lulav in order to fulfill the commandment of taking up the lulav during Sukkot. In fact, the stolen lulav is categorized along with other prohibited lulavim, including a lulav that grew on a tree used for idolatry or a lulav that grew in a city condemned for idolatry. Since at its essence idolatry is a denial of God, in this way we learn that benefitting from a stolen good is akin to idolatry and is a denial of God.
From Education to Personal Action
As modern slavery and human trafficking continued to become an issue of personal importance, I deliberated over how best to move it from my sphere of concern and into my sphere of influence. I began to imagine a patient, sustainable course of personal action that I could ultimately share with the Jewish community and the community at-large.
This Chocolate Moses website is an expression of this desire and I am delighted to share it with you. On this website you will find background materials on modern slavery and trafficking, a Jewish Responsibility, educational and action resources, and relevant links.
I am still in the planning stages of my second component of personal action. Along with this website's educational materials and opportunities to respond will be a chocolate figurine named "Chocolate Moses." Chocolate Moses will be a fair trade molded chocolate figurine designed to be the physical embodiment of the Jewish ethics conveyed in the background and educational material. The figurine will initially be sold during Passover, with the hope of adding a new idea and a new voice of freedom to our Seder tables. Proceeds raised from Chocolate Moses sales will be reinvested into furthering education and inspiring action in the Jewish community.
Personal Action to Invitation to Participate
The last step in the Chocolate Moses story involves a unique ingredient: YOU. We invite you to collaborate with us in the work to make Chocolate Moses a voice for freedom. Learn and share the information provided on this website. Download the worksheets educate the people in your life. Adapt the materials as needed and create new ones. Organize a Chocolate Moses Salon. Teach about modern slavery and human trafficking at you Seder.
I am Chocolate Moses. You are Chocolate Moses. Together, we are Chocolate Moses.


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Broccoli and Mango Rice Bowl with a Red Bean Curry
Broccoli and Mango Rice Bowl with a Red Bean Curry
- 1 brocoli small - medium
- 1 mango cubed
- ½ cucumber cubed
- 1 red onion small, diced
- 1 ½ cups rice uncooked
- 4 zuchinni
- 2 tbsp mint chopped
- ½ cup corriander chopped, rinsed
- 1 red chili deseeded, chopped
- 1 lime
- ½ tsp garam masala
- 2 tbsp olive oil
- 2 tbsp olive oil
- 4 tomatoes medium, grated
- 2 onions medium, diced
- 2 can s red beans drained, rinsed
- 2 tbsp ginger crushed
- 4 tsp garlic crushed
- 2 tsp garam masalla
- 1 tsp cumin
- 2 tsp ground coriander
- 1 tsp chilli powder
- 1 tsp paprika
- ½ tsp tumeric
Preheat over to 200 degrees celsius and repare rice to package instructions
Break broccoli head into smaller florets then cut zucchini length wise, and then in half (about 1 inch)
Place zucchini and broccoli into a bowl then drizzle olive oil on them, salt, pepper and a squeeze of lemon then spread on a baking tray and pop it into the oven for 15 - 20 minutes.
Mix mango, cucumber, red onion, broccoli, red chili, mint and coriander in a large bowl and then add two and a half cups of cooked rice
In a small mixing bowl, squeeze half a lime, add garam masala, olive oil mix it up and add to the large bowl
In a medium pot with olive oil, on medium head, add onion, ginger, garlic and sauté until golden
Add tomatoes to the pot, cook until tomatoes become pulpy and then add in all the spices from the garam masala to turmeric. Fry until fragrant
Take a handful of your rinsed kidney beans and mash with a fork and add to the pot and mix. Add the rest of the kidney beans with a pinch of salt
Add half a cup of water, simmer on medium heat for 6 minutes. Take off heat and cover.
Add your mango rice salad and top with curry and top with roasted zucchini, coriander, mint and a squeeze of lime


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We are delighted to announce that Jolly Tots Pre School Nursery in Burley in Wharfedale have chosen BTRS as their charity of the year for 2018! They can't wait to get involved with this years Flat Cap Friday campaign as well as holding several other fundraisers through out the year. We're looking forward to seeing the whole nursery donning those flat caps!
Kindred are the official sponsor of the Yorkshire Day Skydive for 2018 and we are incredibly pleased to have them on board! Thanks to their very kind sponsorship of £1,000 the event is already running at a fantastic profit, ensuring that we can continue to provide vital brain tumour research and support in Yorkshire.


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Stolen Property Arrest
- April 12, 2016
- Category: Press Releases
Date Incident: 9 April 2016
Subject: Stolen Property Arrest
9 April 2016, at approx. 3:50 pm, an Officer took a burglary report from a resident on N. Washington Street. The victim reported an unknown responsible had removed a generator, electric miter saw, 3 fishing poles with reels, 2 tackle boxes, as well as a Waste Management garbage can from their garage/property.
At approx. 4:50 pm, the police department was notified of a suspicious male subject, in the area of Columbia Way and N Stewart Street, who was dragging a garbage can with fishing poles and a miter saw inside it. An Officer located the suspicious male, who was identified as Jason Knight, a 40 year old transient. Knight is on felony probation for possession of stolen property.
A large amount of stolen property was located at Knight's camp site, some of which matched the reported stolen items from the recent burglary. The victim responded and identified almost $1,500 worth of property, which belonged to them. Recent victims of other thefts in the area responded and identified items as well.
Knight was placed under arrest without incident. He was transported to the Tuolumne County Jail and booked for felony possession of stolen property, plus felony violation of probation.


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New works in oil by Paula KeythDecember 2nd - 31st, 2011
The Wall & Other Paintings
New works by Travis WadeNovember 4th - 26th, 2011
Curated by Charles Siegfried more»
What We Carried
Fragments from the Cradle of CivilizationOctober 7th - 29th, 2011
What We Carried: Fragments from the Cradle of Civilization is about leaving one's homeland. Portland Photographer/Writer Jim Lommasson is currently photographing and interviewing Iraqi refugees and immigrants who have fled to the U.S. since 1990. This project dovetails with Lommasson's visual and oral history of returning American soldiers from the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars called Exit Wounds. Lommasson feels that there is another side of the story that needs to be told, about those who have left their homeland and are now resettling around the world. Lommasson is photographing those few important personal items that have survived the long journey from Iraq to the U.S. The journey may take months, sometime even years, and includes refugee camps, piles of documents and possibly a few bribes. After photographing the objects, Lommasson asks the participants to write about the significance of their objects on the finished photographs.
Also featuring work by Iraqi Artists Farooq Hassan and Samir Khurshid
LIVES: Past and Still
The Work of Process and TimeSeptember 2nd - October 1st, 2011
Featuring paintings by Anna Magruder & Nicholas Cordell Orr
Curated by Chris Haberman more»
Where I Hang My Hat
An Exploration of Home by the HomelessAugust 5th - 6th, 2011
Where I Hang My Hat features homeless and at-risk artists who will explore the meaning of home and their experiences living in transition. more»
Portals: Surreal & Visionary Artists
Four Visionary Artists: Andrew Zeutzius, J Slattum, Jasmine Star & Nemo Boko
July 1st - 30th, 2011
Curated by Rick Curtis
Four surreal & visionary artists paint live, exploring the concept of portal. Join us opening night for art, music, food & drink. more»
In The Pines
New Landscape Paintings by Kendra Larson
June 3rd - 27th, 2011
Curated by Charles Siegfried
Kendra Larson's landscape paintings explore the universal concept of Place, and how our evolving cultural & sociological surroundings shape the way we perceive the world and the landscapes we inhabit. more»
Art in Dialog + the music of DMLHMay 6th - 28th, 2011
Life and Death
Two Approaches to Painting People
April 1st - 30th, 2011
New Work by Quin Sweetman & Joe Sneed
Oil paintings of people, but with totally different intents, techniques and desired outcomes.
"Beastin' the Identity Crisis"
Ink on Paper by Louise Krampien
March 4th - 26th, 2011
Curated by Charles Siegfried
Large scale Sharpie on paper drawings of animals in unnatural situations, actual and imaginary. more»
6th Annual Portland Love Show
Featuring work by over 300 Artists this year!February 12th - 26th, 2011
This year's Love show is presented by Chris Haberman Presents, Po'Boy Arts, and Launch Pad
with our gracious hosts at Gallery Homeland!
Click the LOVE Picture above to find out more…
Hope to see you there!
The Good, The Bad and The Ugly
Painted Interpretations of Modern Icons
January 7th - 29th, 2011
by Chris Haberman + Scott Chase
ON VIEW THOUGH JANUARY 29th
"Through out history people are remembered for their actions and recognized by their portraits. When I started this series I tried to divide figures past and present into categories (Good/Bad/Ugly) but found many of the icons I had chosen fit more than one of these groups. This evolved into me finding figures whose actions fit all three categories. With the subjects selected Chris and I painted portraits of each icon though our different and unique artistic filters. Our goal is to invoke the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly in each figure though these portraits. "
~ Scott Chase more»


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I'm sure you've all seen Skinny Coffee Club all over the IG sphere. I sure have, and that's why I've always been curious to try this product. Who doesn't want to lose weight while they drink something that's most likely a staple for them in their morning routine?!
Here are some of the things Skinny Coffee Club touts about their product:
- Clinically Proven To Lose Weight Fast
- See Visible Results In Just One Week
- Trusted By Over 75,000 People
- Works Without Exercise
- Improves Complexion – Radiant Glow
- Increases Energy Levels
- Simple, Tasty And Gets Fast Results.
The ingredients of this coffee include: Organic Green Coffee beans, Chlorogenic Green Coffee bean extract (50% powder), Siberian Ginseng, Garcinia Cambogia, 100% pure Matcha powder, Spirulina, Wheatgrass, Organic Brazilian Coffee.
If you read the back of the package, Skinny Coffee Club is not FDA regulated, so I'm throwing that out there for anyone who is curious about trying this product and is concerned about that.
Skinny Coffee Club recommends drinking one cup per day (preferably in the morning to help with energy).
Disclaimer: I don't usually buy into weight loss type products. I live a pretty active lifestyle, and I try to maintain a healthy diet as best as I can. Of course I indulge here and there, I don't believe in depriving yourself of anything, but for the most part I stick to healthy eating. I liked a lot of the other promises of the Skinny Coffee Club program, and I wanted to try it to help maintain my healthy weight.
Initial thoughts:
I prepared my Skinny Coffee Club using my french press. I put about one teaspoon of the coffee in, and let it sit for about 5 minutes. They recommend to drink it black, but if you must, you can use almond or coconut milk and/or Stevia for sweetener. I like my coffee with just a tiny bit or cream or milk and no sweetener, and to be honest I just drank my Skinny Club Coffee black. It's a really light roast so I didn't mind the taste on its own!
I'm also going to be honest and say I didn't feel any of the awful side effects some weight loss products like this have, and you know what I mean (cramping, needing to use the bathroom, etc). I'm very grateful for that because tbh, I was nervous the first time I tried it.
Final verdict:
I definitely felt less bloated after drinking the coffee for a few weeks, and I did feel a little bit more energetic. It could've all been in my head, but I swear I had a little more pep in my step in the morning and felt slightly less lethargic throughout the day.
I didn't notice too much of a difference in my skin because, adult acne, but that doesn't mean it might not make other people who have tried this product have a clearer complexion!
I definitely think a teaspoon a day made the product last it's 28 day period, which was great. The package is small, so I was hesitant, but a little goes a long way with the coffee. I also suggest drinking a lot of water throughout the day, because that's when I noticed a huge difference in feeling lighter and less bloated.
Overall, I would say Skinny Coffee Club is worth a shot. If you want to lose weight, I wouldn't solely depend on drinking the coffee and expect to lose 30 pounds. I definitely think it works best if you're already maintaining a healthy lifestyle. I can't emphasize that enough, as with any weight loss program, exercise and a healthy diet will give you the optimal benefits!
Find your Skinny Coffee Club 28 Day Program here.
Have you tried Skinny Coffee Club, or are you curious about it? Leave your thought below babes.


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This week, Kate Middleton has been touring Sweden and Norway alongside her husband the Duke of Cambridge. Visiting landmarks with each country's royals, the Duchess is still serving us all the stylish outfits we've come to expect, all while being six months pregnant. And as if to make sure we're paying attention, she'll often incorporate subtle nods to her husband's mother, the also stylish, Princess Diana.
On Day Two of the tour, she was photographed wearing a red and white houndstooth Catherine Walker coat over an Alexander McQueen boucle dress, and a Chanel quilted handbag with a bamboo handle, to the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden. Middleton's look is reminiscent of the Moschino red houndstooth cropped blazer with a white and black scarf roped through the collar, and black houndstooth pencil skirt Diana wore in 1991 on a trip to Canada, sparking chatter Middleton's look is a bit of a tribute.
And honestly, maybe it is, but there is also a very real chance that the 36-year-old just likes houndstooth, which when we take a stroll through memory lane, is clear she does. There was the black and white belted houndstooth coat she wore in December on a trip to the Children's Global Media Summit. Or we could even further back, to December 2015, when Middleton wore a black and white houndstooth coat with chic cuffs at the end of each sleeve. Earlier that year, she wore a Christopher Kane cobalt blue houndstooth coat in Scotland, and she also visited a children's mental health charity, wearing a Ralph Lauren black houndstooth-print shirtdress.
Though, we have to say, if we had something in common with Princess Diana, we'd remind people of it every chance we got, too. Hey, at least we'd be in good company.


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As I said to you that I have a plan for Holi......so I did it.I Organised a simple bengali menu,which can be said BHOG.Hope you will enjoy it.....after the lunch I got an expressive word from My Husband that was "awsome".So I wanted to share with you this specific celebration of Home............But I have done a little modification to this menu......I entered a fry dish this is Potato Fry with Gram Flour.
- Khichuri
- Labra r Tarkari
- Beguni
- Aaloo Bhaja
- Tomato Chutney
Khichdi is kind of dish,where Rice,Lentil like Moong daal,and several vegetables are mixed.........It is very tasty..........It is cooked with bay leaf,whole red chili,cumin seeds, and little ginger paste…. In our Bengali tradition that type of dish is served for a puja(worship) occassion... It takes very little time to make.....At kolkata when rainy season comes I remember My mom usualy cook this particular dish..........
Brinjal and Potato are fried with some Bengal gram flour,red chili powder,onion seeds,turmeric powder,poppy seeds and a pinch baking soda to crunch……..
It brings mind blowing taste to the fry……
Tomato chutney is basically a sweet dish…


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These shoes fall in tricky category: halfway between a true barefoot-feeling shoe like the Vibram FiveFingers KSO and a regular running shoe. They perform well but don't give you that "Wow, this is a whole new way to hike/run!" feeling that the FiveFingers do. They are ideal for people who want a shoe that is as close to barefoot as it gets without getting lots of stares from strangers. They may also be ideal if the FigeFingers put too much strain on your toes. If you are going to get a Merrell barefoot shoe, we prefer the Merrell Trail Glove because it breathes better and is more flexible.
Merrell True Glove Review
Cons: Expensive, doesn't give a true barefoot feel.
Manufacturer: Merrell
Our Verdict
Our Analysis and Test Results
Unlike the Vibram FiveFingers, you can wear this in public without attracting attention. You just look like you are wearing a European style shoe. During the testing, whenever it was time to go to a BBQ or just hang out downtown, I usually switched out of the FiveFingers and put these on. People would occasionally ask about the shoes, but I didn't get stares from strangers or have the shoes constantly dominate the conversation.
These are much more durable than the FiveFingers and are really durable in general. The sole showed little signs of wear after months and months of hard trail pounding.
These give a lot more toe support and protection than FiveFingers. After a long run my toes were fine. With the FiveFingers, sometimes the bottoms of my toes (under the knuckle) got sore.
Unlike the FiveFingers, you can wear these with normal socks if the temperatures drop (it will have to be a pretty thin sock).
The main downside to this shoe is that it doesn't give you the same barefoot feeling as the FiveFingers. Instead of each toe getting to move independently, they are all clumped together as with a normal shoe. You don't get that barefoot toe wiggling freedom and you can't wrap your toes around stairs, bike pedals, rocks, etc. I felt I could wear the FiveFingers surfing and still feel the board, but not with Merrells. Second, unlike the FiveFingers, which have a thinner sole that looks more like the bottom of a foot, these have more of a standard shaped sole. Again, instead of letting your feet be in a more natural position, they need to conform more to the shape of the shoe. If your foot is shaped just like these, that is no problem. If you have a wide foot, these may be too narrow. With the FiveFingers, they are flexible enough that no matter how your foot is shaped, they still feel more like wearing a sock that stretches to match your foot shape than wearing a shoe with not much stretch so your foot has to fit the shoe shape.
I found these very hard to fit right. For starters, their numbering seems off. I wear a US 8.5 in these, which they equate to European 42… but I have never before heard of that conversion (usually a 9 or 9.5 equals a 42). So I would not trust the US shoe size if ordering online. Go off the European size.
But even once you get the numbering figured out, it is still tricky to get these sized right. Since I have feet that are a half size different, I got these originally in a 9 because it was the most comfortable on my bigger foot. But my smaller foot then developed a bad heel blister (insert photo) after only 30 minutes of wearing them. I returned them to REI and got a size smaller. The heel blister is still an issue and I have come across a number of online reviews where others had a similar problem. It seems they need to redesign the heel to be more forgiving. By comparison, the FiveFingers has a big cushy heel pad and generally seem to give more flexibility in the sizing. I wore a pair of FiveFingers that were a size to big for a month and had few issues.
Because these shoes are intended to be worn barefoot and don't have the best breathability, they have a bit of a swampy foot feel. This is a small issue if it is warm out but a big issue if it is hot. The Merrell Trail Glove breathes a little better. These also don't dry that fast. After using them to stand-paddle board, they took four times longer to dry than my FiveFingers.
These shoes do not to the best job of keeping rocks out. Compared to the FiveFinger KSO, which has a more flexible seal around the ankle, there are bigger gaps around the ankle with the Merrells that let rocks in. Once they are in, you REALLY feel them.
These are the most expensive barefoot shoes we tested. However, they are also the most durable and not THAT much more expensive than others. So overall, they are a solid value compared to the FiveFingers. Compared to regular running shoes…very expensive.
Other Versions
The Merrell Trail Glove has a more breathable and flexible mesh upper and a synthetic leather rear foot sling. We prefer the Trail Glove.
— Chris McNamara


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JICA Project Office for AUN/SEED-Net
Room 109-110, Building 2, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok Thailand 10330
Tel (66-2) 218-6419, 218-6420, 218-6421
Fax. (662) 218-6418
The AUN/SEED-Net Secretariat is located at Building 2, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University. It is closest to the Faculty of Arts or Faculty of Political Science entrances of the university (see map) along Henri Dunant Road.
The closest BTS Skytrain station is Siam, and the closest subway (MRT) station is Samyan. From these stations, you may continue on foot, by taxi, bus, or motorcycle taxi. To access the university, you may also utilise CU Pop Bus, a free shuttle bus service provided by Chulalongkorn University around the Siam area. For more information, please see: CU Pop Bus Map


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|Project by RickB
|posted 03-02-2010 04:12 AM
|3141 views
|7 times favorited
|9 comments
I've seen a few bat houses posted here lately, so I thought I'd post my bat house, completed in July of last year. This bat house is described as a rocket box. It is designed to slide over a post. There are three concentric sleeves which form the roosting area. The inner two sleeves are made of cedar. The outer-most sleeve is made of poplar painted brown.
The innermost sleeve has horizontal saw kerfs cut a quarter of an inch deep to give the bats a surface to cling to. The rest of the vertical surfaces have plastic netting attached. The netting used is pet safe netting used to rescreen you screen doors and windows.
It was mounted by sinking an 8 foot 4×6 PT post into the ground 4 feet. A notch was cut in the 4×6 to receive a 4×4 post. The 4×4 is used to hold the bat house about 12 feet in the air.
While I am not an expert on bat houses (mine has remained unoccupied thus far), I have done quite a bit of reading. The plans I used were obtained from a publication called "The Bat House Builder's Handbook". This is available from Bat Conservation International (www.batcon.org)
Another good site with a wealth of information is the Bat House Forum (http://www.bathouseforum.org/forum/).
Not all bat houses and bat house plans are created equal, nor are all finish choices good. The placement of your bathouse is also critical (I don't think I have placed mine well…too much shade). The above two sites will provide a lot of info to steer the bat house builder in the right direction.
9 comments so far
#1 posted 03-02-2010 04:13 AM
#2 posted 03-02-2010 04:48 AM
I also have a bat house but never have gotten any residents…
-- Jim, Nebraska
#3 posted 03-02-2010 05:02 AM
Cool bat house Rick.
-- Dan ~ Texarkana, Tx.
#4 posted 03-02-2010 05:30 AM
my sisters would hear bathouse and they would be all ewww! but once summertime came around and ya got those swarms of mesciqutos you'll want those bats
-- dannymac
#5 posted 03-02-2010 08:19 AM
Hi Rick:
It is NOT an easy procedure to get the Bats to occupy a Bat House. By their very nature they are VERY sensitive and will not come close to a Habitat that is not as Natural (Nature) as possibble.
I offer the following in a "Positive" way, NOT as a "Criticism" of your efforts. I took note of the products you have used to construct your Bat House.
I'm not sure about the United States, but in Canada the use of "Pressure Treated Lumber" and the Chemicals used in it, have come under a LOT of scrutiny and are VERY tightly Regulated!! The Government will no longer accept it for use IN, or Exposed to Water, i.e. Docks and other locations, or Inside any Habitabal Structure. It "Gases Off" and "Leaches" into the water and it DOES kill the Fish and other Aquatic Life.
Cedar is an "Aromatic Wood" whether it's "Named" that or not. In fact I have Contractor Friend who Finally (2 YEARS??) found out why he was suffering a variety of "Not Nice" reactions and illness'es. YEP! He loved to build Cedar Decks on the Homes he built. Now he CAN'T even go near Cedar, it's just gotten worse.
My Bat House was built from 1/2" Poplar Ply and White Pine. I didn't want to take a chance exposing the Underlying layers Of Plywood by "Scoring" the surface and exposing whatever type of Glue/Chemicals, they use to Laminate it with. So the interior was well sealed, then as you could see I used 1/4" Screening Mesh for the interior and the "Landing Surface" just below the entrance.
I'm also pleased to report that the Bats seemed to Agree with the "Batty Experts"!! It is well Occupied, much to my "Other Neighbours" displeasure. "YEAH"!!! OOPS! Guess I shouldn't have said that. Or NOT!
Once again this is meant in a TOTALLY Constructive way from a Fellow LJ to yourself and other LJ'ers who might find it of some value.
Rick (The other one) ;-}
-- Richard (Ontario, CANADA)
#6 posted 03-02-2010 06:16 PM
bat house—is that another term for mother-in-law suite???
neat project Rick
-- Jeff - Bell Buckle, TN
#7 posted 03-03-2010 02:37 AM
I too have built a number of bat houses. Well really I helped my father do it for many years. To this day I think that there has never been a resident in any of his. One tip that I did pick up was to paint a "hole" in the front and install a little "perch" just below it. This makes the box look like a birdhouse which has accomplished two things.
1. The kids leave it alone because they would throw stones to see if any bats came out of a "bat house".
Side note for these HAM Radio operators in the group. The "fake birdhouse" trick would work to cover up electrical equipment, monitors, gadgets and on. This all but eliminated the neighbors complaining about the equipment "messing up" their TV reception. (Again, ignorance)
-- Jef Spencer - Refined Pallet - http://www.etsy.com/shop/RefinedPallet
#8 posted 03-03-2010 05:34 PM
Thanks for the comments all. I have two houses I build several years ago and never put up. I used water based paint and screening too. I'll have to take the time to put them up and see what happens. I was really surprised to see how much material each multiple layered house required. Thanks again for the reminder to pull out the houses. BTKS
-- "Man's ingenuity has outrun his intelligence" (Joseph Wood Krutch)
#9 posted 05-10-2012 05:47 PM
Wow that's cool. I've always wanted to build one of those. There are several bats that roost somewhere on my property and it's neat watching them at dusk feeding. Bat Conservation International is a great site if you're interested in anything bat related.
Have your say...
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Exclusive: Millwall pursuit of Gregory entering crucial stage
MILLWALL'S pursuit of Halifax Town hotshot Lee Gregory is entering a critical phase.
Having seen bids of £100,000 and £150,000 both rejected for the 31-goal striker, the Lions have this week returned with a third offer.
But NewsAtDen understands that there are four other clubs in the mix for the 25-year-old – and two of them have trumped Millwall's proposed fee.
Championship rivals Birmingham City and Huddersfield Town have both emerged as contenders to sign Gregory.
Recently-relegated Barnsley have made a bid, while League One side MK Dons are also in the hunt.
The Lions, who have been told that an offer of around £250,000 would be accepted, will now consider making a fourth approach.
Gregory is believed to be enthused by the prospect of playing under Ian Holloway and has no preference as to whether he stays in Yorkshire or moves south.
Asked about the club's transfer business, chief executive Andy Ambler said: "We're trying to do the best deals we can for the football club.
"We have our targets and we want to get the right players in for the manager.
"The chairman is backing him to do that but ultimately if players out-price themselves they won't become Millwall players.
"We want players to join us if they believe in the direction we are going in and they want to fight for the cause, not jut to come and earn good money."


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Calacatta Gold Honed Marble
Calacatta Gold Honed Marble Tile Collection is bold, modern and sophisticated. Originating from Italy, this luxurious marble goes from traditional to modern with it's distinctive bold grey veining, non-traditional mosaic and moulding options and honed finish. This beautiful marble is sure to change any room from ordinary to noteworthy.
- Bath Floors/walls
- Comm. Interior Floor
- Comm. Interior Walls
- Res. Interior Floors
- Res. Interior Walls
- Shower Floors


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LOVE'S LABOR LOST / Online matchmaker still seeks love, money
Gary Kremen founded the Web's most successful dating service, but he still hasn't found a date for Valentine's Day.
"It's really a bummer," Kremen said. "I've helped a lot of people but it just hasn't helped me."
The Web site he started -- www.match.com -- has spawned more than 200 marriages, a dozen babies and countless dates. And it was just sold to a high-tech conglomerate for more than $6 million.
But 34-year-old Kremen hasn't been able to capitalize much on the site's success romantically or financially.
He's advertised on the site for years, but hasn't found the right woman. And he left Match.com before he could cash in on its sale.
MBA BY THE BAY: See how an MBA could change your life with SFGATE's interactive directory of Bay Area programs.
Kremen is one of a new breed of workers in Silicon Valley: serial entrepreneurs, a class of high-tech gamblers who launch startup after startup hoping to hit it big. Kremen continues to hope he will hit the jackpot.
"I'm still gambling," he said. "The lesson I've learned is what I do well and what I do not."
Kremen, a Chicago native, was one of the first Internet entrepreneurs. He launched his first business after graduating from Stanford Business School in 1989.
That was back when Internet access was rare, so Kremen and his roommate downloaded Unix software for free from the Internet and then repackaged and sold it.
"My roommate worked at Sun Microsystems and had a high-speed Internet connection," Kremen said. "So at night he would download software."
Kremen headed the startup -- Los Altos Technology -- until investors replaced him with a new chief executive in 1993.
"I'm awesome at the beginning stage, but I'm like the world's worst manager of people," he said.
His next idea was to put classifieds online, so in November 1994 he convinced a few private investors to fund a company called Electric Classifieds.
Since Kremen placed a lot of personal ads in newspapers, he decided that they would be a good test for the online classifieds concept.
"I had observed that in the Bay Area personals there were many more men advertising than women," he said. "So I realized two things -- you had to get gay men and women on the service."
He decided to build an upscale online meeting place that wouldn't feel like a meat market. It would emphasize privacy and de-emphasize photos.
"My belief is that people will feel comfortable if they can have an anonymous conversation before meeting in person," he said.
Match.com was born on April 21, 1995. Since then, it has quickly become the top meeting spot on the Web for older professionals who want long-term relationships. The service has signed up more than 500,000 singles and says it is currently registering 10,000 new members each week.
It costs $9.95 per month or $60 per year to belong to Match.com -- although many people just sign up for the seven-day free trial.
"It's one of the premiere sites -- if not the premiere site -- for matchmaking on the Internet," said Lisa Skirloff, author of a book on online dating, who met her boyfriend on Match.com.
But despite the site's success, Kremen ran into trouble with the venture capitalists. He left Match.com in March 1996 although he remains on the board of the parent company, Electric Classifieds, which is working on other online classifieds concepts.
When Kremen left, he handed the reins to Fran Maier, a veteran marketing manager who has run the company since.
Kremen went on to start a new venture: NetAngels, which makes Web software that analyzes users' actions and suggests Web sites to them. He left the company when it merged with Firefly Networks, a Boston software firm.
Meanwhile, Match.com's success had attracted the interest of CUC International, a consumer services company that has been quietly buying up software firms in the past year.
In September, Kremen said, CUC paid Electric Classifieds more than $6 million in cash for Match.com. CUC, which was later bought by Stamford, Conn.-based Cendant International, would not comment on the terms of the transaction.
Since the transaction was cash, it didn't do much to boost the value of Kremen's stock in Electric Classifieds.
"I didn't want to sell the crown jewel to invest it in the dog," he said. However, he said, he thinks the current management of Match.com will probably do a good job.
"It's hard to watch," he said. "It was my baby. It took me some time to let go."
Now he's on to his next round of startups. Right now, he's funding a bunch of companies in a San Francisco incubator. But he's eagerly seeking a new passion -- in both love and work.
"I'm into my current ventures, but I'm not overwhelmed by a complete passion for them," he said. "I'm looking for some new babies."
Love Online A sampling of the thousands of places to find a mate on the Web:
American Singles -- www.as.org
Animal Lover Personals -- www.animalpeople.com
Couple-Link -- www.couple-link.com
Cupid's Network -- www.cupidnet.com
Date Central -- www.datecentral.com
Matchmaker -- www.mm.org
Meet Me Online -- www.meetmeonline.com
One and Only Internet Personals -- www.one-and-only.com
Personals Online Network -- www.personalsnetwork.com
Rendezvous Dating Service -- www.vous.com
Singles Online -- www.singlesonline.com
WebMatch -- www.webmatch.com
Safe Cyber Courting
Some safety precautions (from Match.com):
-- Read e-mails carefully, watching out for choppy sentences or stories with details edited out.
-- Watch for passive language, frequent use of certain words (would, could, should and might) and statements that are written as questions. These can all indicate a lack of commitment.
-- Remain anonymous. Don't tell someone your last name, real e-mail address, home address, phone number, or place of work until you have corresponded long enough to trust them.
-- Stop communicating with anyone who pressures you for personal information.
-- Beware of people who want to meet in person right away. Take time to decide if the person seems genuine.
-- Meet in a busy public place. End the date in public as well.
-- Never meet at home or work. Avoid hikes, bike rides, or drives for the first few dates.
-- Take your own car or transportation. Bring enough money to get home on your own.
-- Make sure you tell a friend or family member about your date. Agree to call them when you get home.
-- If you are flying in from out of town, arrange for your own car and hotel room. Do not tell your date where you are staying.
-- Make the first date short. Don't plan an entire day together.
-- Look for red flag behavior such as bursts of anger, intense frustration or attempts to pressure or control you.
-- Other red flags: passive-aggressive behavior, rude comments and inappropriate physical contact.
-- If you're worried, call a friend or call the police. It's better to be safe than sorry.


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Tom Brady says he wants to play in the NFL for 10 more years
New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady is in his 16th NFL season, but he does not see retirement on the horizon.
"I'd like to play a long time, yeah, a long time," Brady said Wednesday, according to the Associated Press. "There's a lot that goes into playing well. I've played with a lot of great teammates, but I want to play for a long time. Maybe 10 more years. I think that's probably what my goal is."
Though 10 additional years of playing time might seem unrealistic for a 38-year-old, Brady said as long as he is wanted by the team, he would be available to play.
"Well, it's not always up to me," he said. "That's what my goals are, so that's just what I'm hoping. And it will take a lot to achieve that. Obviously, a team has to want you, but I think that's, you know, I love playing this sport. I love making a commitment to my teammates and my coaches, and hopefully I can do it for a long time."
After 212 games as the Patriots' starting quarterback, Brady is in the midst of one of his best seasons yet. The 10-time Pro Bowler has led New England to a perfect 5–0 record while earning a 118.4 quarterback rating, which leads the NFL. His completion rate is currently a career-best 70.6%, and he's thrown for 1,699 yards for 14 touchdowns with just one interception.
The Patriots play the New York Jets (4–1) in Week 7 at home.
• NFL Odds: Patriots 10-point home favorites against rival Jets in Week 7
- Erin Flynn


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About Us
SHAMOOD daily use co. Ltd is the manufacturer of the world class air fresheners for home and cars. We are headquartered in Yinzhou District, Ningbo province, CHINA, but export worldwide.
Our Ideology
Shamood gradually grows as a professional fragrance products manufacture combines product design, fragrance research and tooling development.
We have been long held great reputation and experience as a successful fragrance products supplier to the customers from all over the world with quality, stylish designs and competitive price.
As a result of our excellent quality, stylish designs, and competitive price, our products are available all over the world, such as USA, Europe, Middle East, Western Africa, Southern America. Our highly experienced technical team is supporting the production and is responsible for the innovation in fragrances. We are using high quality fragrance essential oils from famous suppliers around the world.
Shamood has always been passionate about maintaining the excellent quality of its products. We do rigorous testing and quality control procedures to ensure they consistently met or exceeded our high standards for fragrance, strength, and longevity. Shamood is committed to produce high-quality, long-lasting and affordable products providing the best fragrance experience possible.
In 2000
Shamood was born named "Samen Yuanzhuo Daily Use Products
Manufactory" in Sanmen, Zhejiang Province, China, which is mainly
producing plastic products and hardware gifts.
In 2003
The old manufactory moved to Ninghai Science Park , Zhengjiang,
China, then changed factory name to "Shamood Daily Use Products
Co.,Ltd" . From this year, shamood began to produce air fresheners.
In 2005
Shamood established import and export company "Ningbo Borui Import
& Export Corporation". As the leading company of this group,
Borui is dedicated to import and export business affairs.
In 2009
As the oversea business becomes more and more mature, the air freshener group began to focus on domestic market and in Shenzheng, China, founded domestic trading company "Ningbo Fanshi Trading Develop Co., Ltd". Later, Fanshi opened its first web shop in Tianmao.
In 2010
"Ningbo Vanstone Trade Developemnt Co.,LTD" was founded. As an innovative aromatic product domestic company,Vanstone has built successful sales channel in Guangzhou,Xinjiang,Beijing,Shanghai etc.
In 2015
Shamood cooperated with Max.Ex Brands USA with a commitment of bringing innovation in the air freshener and started working on the new home collection.
SHAMOOD continues to meet consumer demand for freshness by offering a number of different air care products.Our Shamooed daily use air fresheners are available in numerous fresh fragrances and eye-catching designs. All air fresheners are made in our own state of the art factory in China.
In 2015 we launched LUXE, a luxury car air freshener series. The innovative technologies and contemporary designs offer fresh scents with style. The LUXE series quickly proved successfully and in 2015 many were brought to the next level.
We invite you to explore our website to see our full range of air fresheners. From vent options to sprays and everything in between – we have a solution for every air freshening need.
Different Fairs We Attend in Each Year:
2016 Household Chicago Exhibition:
119th 2016 Guangzhou Canton Fair:
Automechanika Dubai 2016:
Besides, we also attend the fairs in India,Russia,Japan,Germany,Brazil,etc..In next year, we will also expend our production lines and attend more fairs oversea.


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If you're one of the skeptics who held off on picking up the controversial iPhone 4, one company is rewarding that prudence by introducing a device called the Apple Peel that turns any iPod Touch into a working mobile phone.
When you slide your iPod Touch into the new Apple Peel adapter the device--complete with a SIM card slot and Infineon baseband chip--allows you to make calls, instant message friends and also acts as a 4.5 hour backup battery. The bad news is that the Apple Peel, which retails for roughly $250, is currently only available here.
Via Engadget
Copyright DVICE - DVICE


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"Minimize Your Worries, Maximize Your Settlement"
We handle claims for fire, roof damage, water, smoke, vandalism, hail & more.
Call us for more information…we can help you!
At AllStar Property Adjusting, we are experienced adjusters who work for YOU, the insured.
AllStar Property Adjusting serves in the interest of you, the policyholder. Do not be misled by the insurance companies. Insurance company adjusters specialize in minimizing claim payouts or denying covered claims.
Don't let this happen to you!
AllStar Property Adjusters are the experienced professionals you need on your side in order to receive a proper settlement. By using our services, you will have the confidence that the claim is being handled properly by our highly trained staff whom are constantly aware of any and all changes in the policy provisions, conditions, and exclusions.
We seek to indemnify you the insured; To bring back what you lost. Whether you have a claim, or are uncertain about filing a claim with your insurance company, call us at 610-850-5750.
Whether you have a Residential or Commercial loss, big or small, we do it all! We handle claims for fire, roof, water, smoke, hail and much more!
AllStar Property Adjusting offers a free claim evaluation service. We are so confident in our services, that if you receive no settlement from your property damage claim, we will waive our fee.
Proudly Serving Pennsylvania
Kevin Rowe, Founder
Over 15 years of Experience
Licensed Public Adjuster
Provides Top Quality Representation
He Created His Firm to Assist YOU
Kevin has more than 15 years of experience in the insurance industry.
Kevin graduated from Kutztown University with a BSED. He entered the insurance business as an agent selling personal, business, life and health insurance. Kevin established a successful Insurance Agency which he later merged with another agency. Kevin moved his building and adjusting skills to other major carriers as a Property Claims Expert.
The fact that Kevin has been an independent agency owner provides All Star Property Adjusting with a valuable additional perspective in management, policy knowledge and sales issues in this field. Kevin was also co-owner of a home contracting business where he further developed his core knowledge of building, materials and estimating, which are key attributes in his success being a Public Adjuster.
His experience and relationships with multiple insurance agencies enhance his Public Adjusting capabilities also serves to provide top quality representation for all his clients. Kevin and his firm have a consistent belief that "the customer comes first". He believes in always maintaining his professionalism and managing claims with honesty and integrity as his core values in being a Public Adjuster.
Kevin and All Star Property Adjusting can assist you if you need assistance managing your claim or if you are frustrated with the Insurance Company taking advantage of you, the insured. He has created his firm to assist YOU…the insured as his customer…who always comes first!
Call Us Today!
We can help with the following…
- fire damage claims
- water damage claims
- vandalism claims
- roof leaks and more!
E-mail: email@example.com
I would highly recommend anyone dealing with insurance claims to work with Kevin. — Chris & Samantha – East Norriton, PA"My wife and I had a late night pipe burst flooding the ceiling of our finished basement and ultimately caving in and causing a huge mess. I contacted Kevin who immediately started the process of getting ServePro out to mitigate the damage as Kevin started navigating the claim process with our insurance company. Kevin made this situation manageable. Kevin utilizes his many years of insurance experience, as well as his local and reliable contacts to make sure we were taken care of at every turn."
Job well done again! — Art & Julie – Boyertown, PA"Thanks to you and AllStar Property Adjusting for your great service with our claim. I gladly recommend you and your services to anyone that has to deal with an insurance claim. This is the second time in 2 years we needed help and you came through again. Job well done again! Hopefully I won't have another problem any time soon, but if I do, I'll be calling you again."
I would recommend their services to anyone. — Calvin & Lisa – Reading, PA"Allstar Property Adjusting handled my claim in a prompt and professional manner. I would recommend their services to anyone."
AllStar Property Adjusting was great!! — Nate & Veronica – Reading, PA
"Kevin at AllStar Property Adjusting went to bat for us when our insurance company was ready to close the claim. He was very easy to work with and kept in communication with us throughout the entire process. If I ever need to file a claim in the future he will be my first call!!"
— Jim M – West Chester, PAAfter having both homes inspected by claims adjusters from my insurance company it became evident that the claim amount being offered by my insurance company for hail damage was substantially below the repair/replacement quotations that I received from 3 different contractors. My roofer recommended that I contact Kevin Rowe from Allstar Property Adjusting. In a matter of weeks Kevin was able to negotiate a settlement with my insurance company that covered the cost of a new roof, windows, gutters and downspouts at my primary residence and a new roof, downspouts and gutters at my rental property. I strongly endorse, and highly recommend Kevin Rowe and the services of Allstar Property Adjusting.


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Start learning how to play the Delta Blues! This video lesson covers a lot of information for beginner blues players, so check it out. In this tutorial, learn the song called "Bottle Up and Go" (standard tuning), which has been done by many musicians.
Download the PDF.
Kevin Duggan's "Masters of Delta Blues Guitar" series is devoted to giving you free guitar lessons for blues songs from the greats.


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Other Sources of Financial Assistance
AMERICORPS: Provides full-time educational awards in return for work in community services. Students may work before, during or after post-secondary education and can use the funds either to pay current educational expenses or to repay federal student loans. For more information on the availability of these awards, call (800) 942-2677 or for TTY (800) 833-3722. Information is also available at www.americorps.gov
EOPS: Extended Opportunity Programs and Services was established to support the college success of students identified as challenged by language, social and economic conditions. EOPS is focused on stimulating student interest in intellectual, educational, and vocational achievement. For more information contact EOPS at eops.fullcoll.edu or (714) 992-7097.
CARE: Cooperative Agencies Resources for Education provides financial assistance and academic, career and personal support to eligible Fullerton College students who are single parents and are current CalWORKS recipients. For more information contact CARE at eops.fullcoll.edu/care_program.htm or (714) 992-7097.
TIP: Be aware of the deadline dates for applying to the various programs.
What is EOPS?


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Cairns Scuba Diving News update APRIL 2017Created by clint under Cairns Diving News on Saturday 1st of April 2017
Cyclone Watch: Cyclone Debbie News Cairns:
Cyclone Debbie has passed, fortunately, Cairns received no effect from this cyclone at all. Apart from very hot humid weather conditions. It is business as usual on the Great Barrier Reef with blue skies and sunshine, great diving conditions, the pool is open.
Wind & Diving Conditions:
With 5-10 knots for the last 14 days' ocean conditions have been very calm. Visibility is at around 10-12 meters varying up to 14 meters in deeper offshore reefs.
Reef Encounters:
A little birdy told us just under 1 week ago, a large 3-meter hammerhead shark was spotted on a night dive from one of the Cairns liveaboards. There was great excitement from the divers lucky enough to see it. Apparently, it buzzed by at cruising speed, it made an appearance and then disappeared off into the deep. Norman Reef the birdy tweeted.
Boats & Things:
The World famous Mike Ball dive expeditions have re-entered the water with a complete refit of their beautiful liveaboard dive vessel Spoilsport, famous for its coral sea dive expeditions. Spoilsport spent 4 weeks in the dry dock being painted, cleaned and refurbished. The boat re-appeared with a brand-new paint job and 2 brand new engines! Read all about it in the latest edition of dive log magazine (pg. 22)
For the coming year, ahead Mike Ball are offering some unique diving opportunities with their Shark shooter photo workshops, a special Nautilus viewing expedition and what they call the Turtle Spectacular at Raine Island Expedition. Send us an email to find out more – email@example.com
New Dive Training Centre:
The Quicksilver group of companies have announced they are building a brand-new dive training facility in Port Douglas. Called the Quicksilver Dive Centre, it will be located next to the Reef Marina in Port Douglas. With no further news announced we are guessing they will complete pool and theory training at the centre and then finish the open water dive component from one of their day boats like Silversonic or Poseidon Dive & Snorkel. Looking at this model they would be offering a PADI 4-day learn to dive course.
Coral Bleaching News April 2017:
Coral bleaching, predominantly confined to the Far Northern sector of the Great Barrier Reef. Raised its ugly head again last month, this time around spreading much further down towards the Whitsundays Islands and surrounds.
In the nine months since the first coral bleaching event in 2016. Reef operators have witnessed the robustness and resilience of the coral communities in both the Cairns and Port Douglas regions, including the annual coral spawning event during the month of November 2016.
Earlier this month a controversial documentary style short film was produced. Abruptly named (Dead? Dying? or Distorted Truth?) It shows a positive side of the Great Barrier Reef and its resilience to global pressures and the ever changing environment. Produced by local filmmaker Stuart Island from Calypso productions and local Cairns marine biologist Gareth Phillips from Reef Teach Cairns. This short film is helping to show the more positive side of the reef's current and future health condition. Offering an educational view of what is coral bleaching, this video shows the resilience of the Great Barrier Reef that both Stuart and Gareth have witnessed firsthand. Find the video on Facebook or watch it here on Vimeo.
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Authors: Pierre-Marie Robitaille, Joseph Luc Robitaille
Kirchhoff's Law of Thermal Emission asserts that, given sufficient dimensions to neglect diffraction, the radiation contained within arbitrary cavities must always be black, or normal, dependent only upon the frequency of observation and the temperature, while independent of the nature of the walls. With this in mind, simple tests were devised to demonstrate that Kirchhoff's Law is invalid. It is readily apparent that all cavities appear black at room temperature within the laboratory. However, two completely different causes are responsible: 1) cavities made from good emitters self-generate the appropriate radiation and 2) cavities made from poor emitters are filled with radiation already contained in the room, completely independent of the temperature of the cavity. The distinction between these two scenarios can be made by placing a heated object near either type of cavity. In the first case, the cavity emission will remain essentially undisturbed. That is because a real blackbody can do work, instantly converting incoming radiation to an emission which corresponds to the temperature of its walls. In the second case, the cavity becomes filled with radiation which is not characteristic of its own temperature. Contrary to current belief, cavity radiation is entirely dependent on the nature of the walls. When considering a perfect reflector, the radiation will not be black but, rather, will reflect any radiation which was previously incident upon the cavity from the surroundings. This explains why microwave cavities are resonant, not black, and why it is possible to acquire Ultra High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging (UHFMRI) images using cavity resonators. Conversely, real blackbodies cannot contain any radiation other than that which is characteristic of the temperature of their walls, as shown in Planck's equation. Blackbody radiation is not universal, Kirchhoff's Law is false, and cavity radiation is absolutely dependent on the nature of the walls at every frequency of observation. Since they were derived from this law, the concepts of Planck time, Planck temperature, Planck length, and Planck mass are not universal and are devoid of any fundamental meaning in physics.
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Choosing one's path in life—whether it involves higher education, participating in an apprenticeship or directly entering the workforce—requires time and planning. Keep reading to learn the requirements to graduate from high school, and how to fulfil these requirements in either daytime or evening classes.
Makingmyway.ca offers online resources and tools to help students make informed decisions and explore their options after high school, including:
Counselling Staff
Each counsellor is responsible for a group of students. A student's counsellor is determined by the first letter of the student's last name:
· T. Birrell: A-D
· A. Stalteri: E-K
· C. Mottram (Department Head): L-Rau
· B. Adams: Rav-To
· S. Richardson: Tp-Z
Guidance Secretary
- L. De Angelis
The Counselling Department can help students in the following ways:
• Course selection and program planning
• Resolving timetable concerns
• Investigating post-secondary pathways (i.e. workplace, apprenticeship, college, university)
• Providing information about scholarships, bursaries, and student loans
• Academic supports
• Volunteerism
Counsellors are available in the morning before classes, during lunch, and after school. Students are required to book an appointment (unless it is an emergency) to see their guidance counsellor through Ms. De Angelis. If a parent wishes to see a counsellor, they should book an appointment. Parents are also encouraged to contact their child's guidance counsellor by phone. Appointments are required to register a child at Rick Hansen Secondary School.