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group size: minimum 5
duration: allow 3h for sightseeing and over 1h for transfers
availability: all year round
Trips to Wieliczka Salt Mines
"The historic Salt Mine in Wieliczka is the only mining site in the world functioning continuously since the Middle Ages. Lying on nine levels, its original excavations (longitudinals, traverses, chambers, lakes, as well as minor and major shafts) stretch for the total of about 300 kilometres: reaching the depth of 327 metres they illustrate all the stages of mining technology development over time".
The quotation comes from the justification for entering the Wieliczka Salt Mine on UNESCO's First World List of Cultural and Natural Heritage, 8th September, 1978 together with 11 other sites from around the world.
One of the more interesting things to do in Krakow; you will take a walk of 3 km through 3 levels in the Salt Mine down to 136 meters below ground level through chambers and passageways excavated in the 17th century. During the tour you will see underground chambers and chapels hewn out in the saltrock, statues of saints sculpted in salt, and saline lakes.
A breath taking experience and an absolute must see!
A few things to know about the mine
It was built in the 13th century and is actually considered one of the oldest salt mines that the world has to offer. At least, as far as longest running salt mines. That's right – the Krakow salt mines served not only as a place of historical entertainment, but the location continued to exist in excellent working condition up until the most recent year of 2007. Amazing, considering its age.
The mine shut down due to the cheaper prices for salt, not to mention the complications that arose from mine flooding. Not to let such a large place go to waste, it wasn't long before the Wieliczka mines were reconstructed into the fun learning environment it is today.
Some of the main attractions of this tourist area is the gigantic cathedral that has been hand carved by miners of the past, not to mention the dozens of erected statues strewn out across the large expanse of the public viewing areas. There are even three completed chapels that were also hand carved by the old workers of the mine. An imprint of Leonardo Da Vinci's "Last Supper" is also carved into one of the cavern's walls. All along the way, in fact, lie surprises to be unveiled during a unique visit to the Krakow salt mines.
The salt mine has numerous old corridors to explore, a beautiful light display in St. Kinga's shaft, a museum filled with antiques, and even an intricate chandelier carved into the rock salt. The mine even boasts having its own underground lake, a beautiful electronic entertainment area, and has actually attracted a very wide array of famous guests since its opening. Former U.S. President Bill Clinton, Pope John Paul II (known at the time as Karol Wojtyla), Robert Braden-Powell, and Fryderyk Chopin, were among the few notable visitors to Krakow salt mines.
Not surprising, given the sights, sounds, and just overall earthy environment that you can expect from even a single visit to this natural attraction.
Activity only:
With Accommodation Package:
from 30 GBP
from 27 GBP
Right from the beginning Party Krakow were a great help to me when arranging my sister's hen party. We were a very large group of 20 but the sales team did a great job in advising us on what to see and do, and the guides were simply wonderful. We chose to do the salsa dancing lessons which were such a giggle and also took a pub crawl with nightclub entry. The nightclub was one of the best I've ever been to and the guides we had were such good fun . I'd highly recommend both Krakow as a destination and also Party Krakow as the company to make it happen.
When I was given the task of organizing a stag for 40 Irish guys in Krakow I became a little worried I couldn't pull it off. Luckily the guys at Party Krakow helped me out, bigtime! It was a blast. The meal was superb, great food and entertainment. Service was excellent, I couldn't fault it so many thanks to you for all your help, it was much appreciated.All the lads had a great time, it got quite messy! 3 lads missed the flight… Will be back again if going to Krakow. Simple.
All 13 of us couldn't speak more highly of the service provided by Party Krakow, everything ran like clockwork and was very reliable.The guides provided were excellent, the accommodation was good and in a great location close to the centre of Krakow and the Jewish quarter (where the food was indeed fantastic as they promised). The guided tour of the night life on the first night was a great introduction as to what was on offer and greatly assisted us on deciding where to go and what to do for the following evenings. The shooting was very well organised and incredible fun, also there was such a large selection of weapons to have the opportunity to fire, which made it an even better experience. The trip to Auschwitz again was incredible, the guide supplied to take us around the two camps was so good I can't even begin to do her justice. She conducted the tour in such a graphic and detailed way that not one of us could really speak for much of the tour, we were completely caught up in trying to comprehend what we were seeing and hearing. Going to a place like that is never something that you can say is enjoyable, but we were all so glad we had the chance to experience it and gain a better understanding of it, however it was quite upsetting at times. Party Krakow helped make our trip a very memorable one for all, and I hope that one day I get the chance to return to Krakow
Hands down best stag we've been on. All ran smoothly and stag was dribbling at both girl sand booze. Would recommend you to anyone. Infact I know people will go to krakow in the future and will give them your details . Thanks pal if you need me to fill out anysurvey/Facebook thing then send me a link I would be happy to. much apprecited as hostsand snowmobiling were brilliant ! Perfect serviceSent from my iPhone
We had an amazing weekend the activities were excellent the guide was very friendly and chatty and the taxi driver that took us.. Would like to thank them both. We are thinking of going back next year for my mates stag do. We r looking at 15 to 20 people. Can u give me a price for the same activities and 3 nights accomadation. We would want to be close to the main square as we were where we stayed this year. We r looking around mid July Friday to Monday. Thanks
Many thanks to you and your staff for making the stag weekend hassle free. We all had an excellent time in Krakow, although a few of the stag party still seem to be recovering. I really enjoyed the activities, especially the paintballing, as I like shooting. The accommodation was spot on.. clean, tidy, and nothing fancy. Gosia was great and done a sterling job, even with the drunken Irish. Krakow is a lovely city and I would like to visit it again in the future, without the incredible volumes of alcohol that we consumed. As you know, I was a bit cautious about booking activities/ accommodation online, especially at the risk of other peoples money. I was glad when everything worked out. So, I guess the only way to build confidence in new customers is to have real reviews with photo's (these helped me gain confidence). I will place a review on the 'Facebook' site when one of the stag party sends me the group photo. Also, I have forwarded your contact details to one of the guys on the stag with us. I think you may have another group coming your way in the future.
Sorry for the delay in responding. Last week was crazy with the wedding and I'm just aftergetting back home to Sydney. I thought Krakow was a lovely city and we all had a great weekend there. Thanks to you and the girls for making our stay so enjoyable. Both of the girls were extremely helpful and friendly and I have absolutely no negative comments on them. For the pub crawl, may I suggest that you hand out a map or a little list of bars as part of the tour, either at the beginning or end. We were very happy with all the places we went with Tosia but on Saturday we couldn't remember any of the names of the places we went on Fri or where exactly they were. All places seem to be underground so it was hard enough to distinguish one from the other.The go-karting was fantastic and everybody really enjoyed it. Beers on the way back in the bus probably isn't the greatest idea as the road is very bumpy and I ended up spilling my beer! If you have any other questions, please don't hesitate to contact me. Thanks again for all of your help and thanks to the girls as well
How to book
Once you decide to confirm and block book this activity we'll require an initial 50 GBP
deposit. Deposit can be paid by bank transfer, credit or debit card. A 3% surcharge is
applicable on all card transactions. The deposit shall be payable within 24hrs of
receiving our invoice by email.
For activity only bookings we require 2 deposits in total, with the final deposit of
£200 or 25% of the total invoice value being due 28 days before your departure.
Final numbers for activity only bookings will be required 14 days before date of
departure. The outstanding balance can be paid either in GBP/Sterling after you
safely arrive in Krakow and are collected by our Rep, or by bank transfer or card
(3% surcharge) before you travel. Should you prefer to pay the full balance
upfront please make sure you let us know about it prior to making payment and it
reaches us minimum 7 days before you arrive in Krakow.
Ways to contact us:
If you would like to give us a quick call to discuss your requirements in English
please dial any of the below numbers
(UK) 020 313 782 83, or
(UK) 0845 862 0666, or
(outside UK / Poland) +48 12 357 32 20
or enquire online using contact form


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More Than "Just Numbers" – Math Success: The Cognitive Ingredients
A friend came over the other night for a little wine and cheese.
Eventually (as so happens every once in a while with friends) the discussion turned to education in general, and then to her daughter in particular.
"Zoe" (a successful, energetic mother of two) started to talk about her youngest child who is have a tough time in her Grade 4 Math class.
"She ("Petra") just doesn't seem to get it ," Zoe began to say, "…. and I'm worried because she's starting to think that she's dumb."
Ugh … It's bad enough when a child struggles in school – but when it starts to affect his/her self-esteem – well, that's when things can get really "ugly".
Now I know Petra … and she certainly doesn't present as a child who would struggle with anything. Petra is in fact a chatty, upbeat, athletic, avid reader who has always enjoyed school.
I asked Zoe whether she had talked to her child's teacher about this. When the answer was "no" I informed my friend that at least we knew where to start.
I told Zoe that the first step ought to be a conference with Petra's teacher — and off of the top of my head I could think of three really good reasons as to why. First of all, teachers want to work in partnership with parents to ensure for school success – academic, social and emotional. Secondly, teachers are trained professionals. We want to use what we have learned (and what we are learning) to make sure that our children have positive and progressive experiences in our classrooms – our home for the year. Lastly, we are human. Yup … go figure: We don't like to see any child struggle or feel badly. It breaks my heart and selfishly makes me feel as though I'm not good at what I do. (I am for example, always second guessing myself … it's not a good feeling, but I have learned to accept this part of my personality and "roll with it".)
I went on to explain to Zoe's mum that Math is much more than "numbers & calculations". There are heavy attention, memory, language, etc. components. Furthermore, I wanted her to understand the complexity of Math, and that while Petra may require additional support in some areas/strands of Math (e.g. Number Sense & Numeration) she may well excel in others (e.g. Geometry & Spatial Sense). Only time would tell.
In the meantime is was about time to speak with her teacher.
This got me thinking: What are some of the necessary cognitive abilities for learning in Math?
Here's what I came up with. I am going to share this with Zoe today over date scones and tea!
Some of the Cognitive Abilities (& a couple of other things thrown in for good measure) Associated Understanding & Achieving Math Success in the Classroom:
1. Attention
2. All of the "Memories":
Short Term & Longer Term Memory
Working Memory
Auditory Memory
Sensory Memory
Semantic Memory
Memory for Math Facts
Procedural Memory
Memory for Rules
Pattern Recognition
3. Language Skills (Math has a heavy language component):
Language processing
Verbal Expression
Understanding Vocabulary
4. Nonverbal Skills / Abstract & Spatial-Temporal Reasoning:
The ability to recognize sequential organization
The ability to recognize visual information and relationships
The ability to recognize spatial patterns and manipulate them mentally
The ability to recognize and remember visual sequences as well as cause and effect
Symbolic Thinking


text:
Public Houses in Cleckheaton
15 St. Peg Lane
West Yorkshire
Whickham Arms Hotel is located in Cleckheaton . It is ideally located just 5 minutes from the M62 and 6 miles from central Leeds and Bradford and Huddersfield...Restaurant, Bar, Non-Smoking Rooms, Free Parking, 24-Hour Front Desk, Gay Friendly. Coffee house,Free WIFi ,Bed and breakfast.
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Born in Bedfordshire in 1963, Robert Walker was interested in art from an early age and later taught himself by studying the paintings and methods of the Old Masters. Robert Walker was always particularly attracted to Rembrandt and the Dutch masters because of their dramatic use of light.
Robert Walker's paintings are generally of quite simple objects and he enjoys trying to create something interesting by using light and composition to good effect. "The simplest object can become a thing of beauty if it is handled in the correct way, which is always the challenge."
During the months of December, January and February we are open Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays (10.30am - 4.30pm).
We are happy to open by appointment - please call 01768483601 or 07787 712160.
Looking for a gift and spoilt for choice - how about one of our Gift Vouchers? Contact the Gallery for details.


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The team at FiveThirtyEight regularly post transcripts of chats among their writers. The most recent one was about President Trump's first year in office, and what they did and didn't find suprising about it.
Some of the writers expressed surprise at Trump's explicit cozying up to white supremacists in 2017. Senior writer Perry Bacon, Jr. says, "I was also surprised by the racial stuff, which he said during the campaign but I assumed he did not really mean."
Politics editor Micah Cohen adds, "I guess it comes down to whether you thought Trump's race-baiting during the campaign was political calculation or genuine. We have to conclude it's genuine now, right?"
To his credit, editor in chief Nate Silver replies, "That's probably what we should have concluded before also."
I heard similar talk about Trump's remarks on race during his campaign. A lot of people assumed he didn't really mean what he said. And it's entirely possible that those remarks don't represent his personal beliefs, and he's just using white supremacists for some unknown further political goal.
I say none of that matters. If you're making nice with people who openly profess a despicable ideology, you deserve to be associated with its negative aspects, too.
Before I go any further, I should probably clarify what I mean when I say "race-baiting." Oxford English Dictionary defines the term as follows:
The incitement or exploitation of racial hatred, prejudice, or tension, usually (esp. in later use) for political gain.
In some circles you hear the term co-opted by speakers on the right to mean anybody who points out the racial inequality in a situation. That's definitely not what I'm talking about.
One of the most famous examples of race-baiting comes from a previous presidential campaign. In his first campaign for President in 1976, Ronald Reagan talked about a "welfare queen" from Chicago who had forged multiple identities with several spouses and claiming many more children than she actually had, all for the purpose of cheating the government out of hundreds of thousands of dollars. It turns out this was based on a real person who was a notorious criminal, but Reagan's point wasn't that one criminal was abusing the system.
Reagan wanted people to think there was widespread abuse of the system by unmarried black mothers. He claimed as much after becoming President when he advocated cutting funding for food stamps, saying "there's much more than anyone realizes." He also exaggerated the numbers over time. The actual person who inspired the "welfare queen" story was believed to have been using at least 27 names. Reagan originally gave the number as 80, later increasing it to 123. If you think everybody who benefits from welfare is a lazy cheat, it's a lot easier to argue that we shouldn't have those programs.
By the way, the actual "welfare queen" was white according to official records, although the details of her ethnic background are unclear. Another fun fact: the largest percentage of people on welfare? You guessed it – they're white.
Race-baiting relies on coded language and plays on stereotypes. It's not so overt as shouting racial slurs and burning crosses in someone's front yard. The latter is generally regarded as something you don't do in polite society, at least for now. This leads some people to conclude incorrectly that racism is no longer a problem in this country.
But if the events of the last 12–18 months have taught us nothing else, it's that there's a link between this race-baiting and more overt racist behavior. So if we want things to change, we have to start treating the two the same way. We should be as horrified when someone talks derisively about "those people" as we should be when someone uses an outright racial slur.
Maya Angelou famously said, "When someone shows you who they are, believe them the first time." It's time to apply this principle to racist rhetoric, even when it's subtle. Maybe especially then.
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PTCBOX's Paypal account is limited
It's been a long since our latest entry and the news are not that good for the PTCBOX members. The first weird incident happened a...Read More
Project of July 1st – Are you in? PTCbox calling
It's not an official call, however this idea attracted our attention and curiosity about how many users would participate on this...Read More
PTCBox is under DDos attack once again!
This time the volume of the attack is way stronger. 10 times more than the previous one. It's out of imagination as the PTCBox admin...Read More
PtcBox by Matrixmails
PtcBox is a new PTC site that has been running for few days and is still in pre-launch phase. However you can test the site as it is in...Read More
PTCBox issue
The past week was very tough due to the strong DDos attacks that the site suffered and some minor bugs as well. You might notice a...Read More


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Welcome to another installment of our focused troubleshooting series where we aim to resolve the problems sent to us by our readers regarding their Android devices. In this latest post we will be dealing with the #Samsung Galaxy #Note4 SMS MMS sending receiving issues which some of our readers are experiencing. Most owners of this phone consider this as a critical issue since they will be losing the ability to communicate using the phone's messaging system.
What we will be doing is we will analyze each of the problems of this nature sent to us and will be providing the necessary troubleshooting steps that will hopefully resolve the issue.
If you own a Samsung Galaxy Note 4 or any other Android device for that matter then feel free to contact us using this form. We will be more than happy to assist you with any concern that you may have with your device. This is a free service we are offering with no strings attached. We however ask that when you do contact us try to be as detailed as possible so that an accurate assessment can be made and the correct solution can be given.
If you would like to browse the previous parts in this series then check out this link.
Aside from sending us an email you may also reach us at our Facebook and Google+ social media accounts.
Note 4 Delay In Receiving Text Messages
Problem: I have had repeated issues with receiving texts, sending them is not a problem. These issues only happen if they send a string of texts at a time or I'm in a group conversation. One thing that happens is I'll start to receive messages late, once in a group message I got everything 40 minutes late so when I replied no one knew what I was talking about. I asked my friend in a solo conversation to reply with the time and that's how I proved my theory. Also, when I have solo conversations and we talk for a while sometimes their messages will start sending double or their messages will start sending late as they send more texts. So I'll say some things in two or three texts, and they'll reply with multiple texts as well but I'll only get the first one. Then as we keep talking, their other reply from that topic will be sent with their reply to our current topic. I also sent them a screenshot and asked if they were replying late to some things or if it was my phone (after this had happened a few times with multiple people) and she said it was my phone. I tried resetting my phone, with the group conversation it's the first thing I tried but it didn't fix anything. This has happened with both the default messaging app and an app I installed and am using now called Textra. Hope this was detailed enough I'd appreciate any help!
Solution: Since you already did a reset of your phone then we can rule out any software related problems that may be causing this issue. For this particular problem the delay occurs when you are receiving a message and not when you are sending one. One thing that you must rule out first is the network. Could it be that your phone has a poor signal reception when receiving the messages? Sometimes when the phone is out of coverage area and someone sends you a message that message stays in the server of your network until your phone gets a signal. You should try to check if this issue occurs in other areas other than the area you are in right now.
Sometimes this can also be an account related issue concerning the provisioning of the number. You should try to contact your carrier's technical support hotline and have them check on your account status. If possible you should use another SIM in your phone and check if the problem still occurs.
Note 4 Not Getting SMS From Specific Number
Problem: I'm able to receive txts from everyone but my BF. He'll txt me off n on all day n I never get any of them. I've checked my spam folder and there's nothing there. Please help!! Thank you
Solution: If his number is not included in the spam list and his messages does not appear in the spam folder then the problem may be with his phone.
Sometimes when we send a message we just open the message thread of that person then compose the message. Have your boyfriend delete your message thread from his phone then have him send a new text message to you.
If the issue still persists then start your phone in Safe Mode then have him send a text message to you. This allows you to check if a third party app may be blocking his messages. If in Safe Mode you can get his message then find out what app is causing the problem and uninstall it.
Note 4 Delay In Getting Text Message
Problem: My text soft works fine, but I have a question. I've got a text message from a person 4PM. I know for sure the person was on the plane at 10 AM, so he was out of the country. Why it took so long to get the text? Please if you can deliberate because this is important piece of information and I need to explain it to the court. If possible send me a link, where I can read about these issues. Thank you.
Solution: There are different factors involved as to why the text message could be delayed. I have listed some of the possible factors that may contribute to this issue below.
- Network congestion: Sometimes when an unusual spike of text messages arrive at the servers of the phone carrier its delivery to the intended recipient will be delayed. The way a text message arrives to you is from the sender it still passes through the server of the carrier before being sent to you. If a lot of people are sending a text message at a particular time then this causes a congestion which in turn causes the delay.
- Different networks: The most noticeable delay in text messages occurs when both parties belong to different networks. This means that the message will have to pass through a longer channel than if both parties belong to the same network. Then there's also the possibility that a network will prioritize its own traffic thus creating a delay in the receipt of a text message if the sender belongs to a different network.
- Signal Coverage: The most common cause of the delay in the receiving of text messages is if the phone has a spotty coverage. If the server determines that the recipient's phone is not connected to the network then it will delay the sending of the text message until such time it can detect that the recipient's phone is connected to the network.
- Software Issue: There are also cases when a corrupt data in your phone can cause the text message to be delayed.
Note 4 Not Sending Or Receiving MMS
Problem: Not sending or receiving picture mail. I have had repeated issues with receiving pictures. I get code 4504 unable to receive mms. I've taken my phone to the service provider and spoke with techs about this. No one has a clue. It has to do with the APN settings. Somehow my APN settings switch. But I cannot do it manually. Help
Solution: Usually it is easy to edit the APN settings of your phone to match the one your network is using. In your case however the APN settings can't be set manually. Can you edit the current APN settings of your phone? If not then can you instead add a new APN setting? If you can't edit or add a new APN then you should contact your carrier and inquire if this setting has been locked.
Before contacting your service provider try restarting your phone by taking out its battery first. Press and hold the power button for at least a minute then reinsert the battery. Check if you can now add or edit a new APN setting. If the issue still persists then backup your phone data and do a factory reset. Check if the issue still remains.
Note 4 Not Sending MMS
Problem: My phone will not let me send picture messages (MMS). It will let me send regular text messages. PLEASE HELP.
Solution: There are several requirements that must be met by your phone in order for it to send an MMS. First, you should have an active mobile data subscription. Second, your phone mobile data switch should be turned on. Finally, your phone should have the correct APN settings. You can check if the APN settings your phone is using is correct by checking the website of your network provider.
Feel free to send us your questions, suggestions and problems you've encountered while using your Android phone. We support every Android device that is available in the market today. And don't worry, we won't charge you a single penny for your questions. Contact us using this form. We read every message we receive can't guarantee a quick response. If we were able to help you, please help us spread the word by sharing our posts with your friends.


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When you are shopping for your cat's and dog's food, what do you look for? Does the brightly colored package and photos of chunks of meats and veggies appeal to you? Or is it the names of the food that sound good enough to be on a menu at restaurant? Do words like "holistic," "healthy," "natural," or "human grade quality ingredients" catch your eye? OR do you read the label and make decisions based on the nutritional information? With thousands of pet food products on the market, how do you make the best choice?
Choosing a pet food is one of the most important choices that we can make for our furry friends. Pet food labels can be very confusing. Understanding the label information can help you make informed decisions about which food to feed your pets. With the help of your veterinarian here at Animal Hospital of North Asheville, you can decide what type and amount of food your pet should eat based on age, life stage requirements, or any medical condition or disease that needs to be factored in. In a nutshell, you should look on the label for:
- Life stage nutrition appropriate for your pet
- A food tested with AAFCO feeding trials
- A food made by a reputable manufacturer with consistent ingredients
- A food that doesn't contain products your pet doesn't tolerate
Grab your pet's food bag or can and look at the label as we break down a food label's information. This month we will be looking at what is required to be on a label and what it means.
It is good to understand who regulates the pet food industry. There are several governing agencies that have role in regulating pet food. AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials) regulates the pet food industry and their philosophy is to protect you, the consumer. AAFCO is a non government advisory organization with representative officials from every US state. The FDA (The Food and Drug Administration) is primarily responsible for regulating medications, but they have rules on supplements that go into pet foods. They also enforce regulations about contamination. The USDA (The US Dept. of Agriculture) is responsible for regulating the quality of ingredients that go into the food. Each state has adopted regulations based on AAFCO's recommended model for pet food labels. Each state is responsible for making sure the model is followed.
Following AAFCO's model for pet food labels, each pet food label is required to have 8 things listed:
1. The product's name and who manufactures it.
The product name is the first part of the label you see. Manufacturers often use tantalizing names that incorporate a specific ingredient. Often food is chosen on the name alone.
AAFCO has requirements for naming pet foods:
- If a pet food name says: Chicken, Beef, Seafood, etc. (for example, "Royal Chuck's Chicken Dog Food"), 95% of the pet food must be the named ingredient.
- If a pet food name says: Dinner, Entree, Platter, Recipe. etc. ("Royal Chuck's Dog Food Chicken Dinner") the pet food must contain at least 25% of the named ingredient.
- If a pet food name says: With (with chicken, with duck) ("Royal Chuck's Dog Food with Chicken") the pet food must contain at least 3% of the named ingredient.
- If the name lists more than one ingredient, such as "With Duck and Chicken," the food must contain at least 3% of each ingredient.
- If a pet food name says: Flavor ("Royal Chuck's Dog Food Chicken Flavor") the pet food does not have to contain any of the named ingredient. Flavor can be added through the use of broth or flavoring sprays.
AAFCO does NOT require that the pet food name include every ingredient in the food, so it is important to look at the ingredient list if your pet is sensitive to certain proteins or grains. For example, "Royal Chuck's Lamb and Rice Dog Food" can still contain chicken, corn, wheat, and more.
2. Species: The label must list the species the food was intended for. ex: Cat Food, Dog Food, Hamster Food
3. Quantity Statement
It is important to know how much food is actually in the bag or can of food. This is the net weight. This is important when comparing cost of foods.
4. Guaranteed Analysis
This tells approximately what is in the product. Labels are only required to list the minimum percent of protein and fat in the food, and the maximum amounts of crude fiber and moisture. Manufacturers may add other nutrient guarantees such as Taurine and Magnesium in cat food and Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium and Linoleic acids in some products. This information can be helpful in some situations, such as knowing that Taurine has been added to cat food, or that a large breed puppy food has lower levels of calcium.
Unfortunately, the Guaranteed Analysis is not required to list exact amounts of these or other nutrients in the diet, and there is no way to tell what the quality and digestibility of the nutrients might be. There is also a challenge in using the Guaranteed Analysis to compare wet and dry foods, since the nutritional information is based on two different calculations. Dry food percentages are listed on a "dry matter basis," meaning that the water has been removed. However, wet food percentages are listed on an "as fed" basis, which does not remove the water content. So a canned food that lists 6% protein content "as fed" actually contains closer to 25% protein on a "dry matter" analysis when you take into account that canned food is 60-90% water.
5. Ingredient Statement
Ingredients contain the nutrients that that the body needs. Every ingredient in the food must be listed in the ingredient statement in order of their weight before processing. Meat ingredients (such as chicken and lamb) contain more than 50% water, so they weigh more than dry ingredients (such as grains, meat meals, vitamins and minerals) and are usually listed first. Some pet food manufacturers emphasize meat as their #1 ingredient in their advertising, and this is true. A meat such as chicken can be listed first, but 3 or 4 of the next 5 ingredients may have rice in the name (for example, rice meal, brown rice, rice bran and rice flour), making rice a higher quantity in the food than the chicken. Also if chicken is listed first, it still contains water up to 70% and is actually a lesser source of protein than by-product meal. Chicken by-product meal is a dry ingredient, so it has less moisture and more protein content.
There are many questions and misconceptions about by-products. By-products are often thought to be only the undesirable parts of animals, such hooves, feathers, and beaks. But by definition in the pet food industry, meat by-products are clean parts other than meat, such as lungs, kidneys, and spleens. By-products do not include hair, horns, teeth and hooves. They are an excellent source of nutrients such as amino acids, protein, vitamins, and minerals.
The ingredient statement is very valuable when a cat or dog has a known allergy and must avoid a certain allergen. Remember, the pet food name doesn't have to list all of the ingredients, so you have to look at the ingredient statement to make sure the food doesn't contain something your pet can't tolerate.
6. Nutritional Adequacy (AAFCO Statement)
This statement verifies that the food provides complete and balanced nutrition for growing animals, pregnant and nursing mothers or adults or under veterinary supervision. The AAFCO statement can appear on a pet food label in different ways:
- Animal feeding trials using AAFCO procedures substantiate that the product provides complete and balanced nutrition for all life stages or a particular stage.
- The product is formulated to meet the nutrient levels established by AAFCO for a particular life stage or for all life stages.
- The product is intended for intermittent or supplemental use only.
"Complete and Balanced" on a label indicates that a food has all the recognized, required nutrients in the proper amounts when fed appropriately. If a food is "intended for intermittent or supplemental use only," the food should only be used as treats or part of a veterinary supervised diet. These diets are not complete or balanced. Also "gravy" or "sauce" for dog food and "appetizers" for cats are considered supplemental foods.
A "Feeding Trial Method" is a more reliable and preferable method of testing food. The food is actually fed to animals and testing is then done to determine how the nutrients are being used by the body. Feeding trials determine if the animal can maintain its ideal weight on the food, that animals in different life stages (ex. pregnancy, growth, adult and lactation) will obtain the proper nutrients from the food, and that animals like the taste of the food.
When a company uses the "Formulated Method," the food is formulated by calculations or chemical analysis so that the nutrients meet the maximum or minimum levels established by AAFCO. In this method, the diet is not fed to animals. Every nutrient is taken and tested to assure it is the right amount for the right life stage and species, but there is no testing to make sure the nutrient is being processed properly when fed to animals.
When reading a label, look for what life stage the food is recommended for. Each life stage of your pet requires different amounts of nutrients. "Growth" stage or food formulated for puppies and kittens will have higher protein, calcium and calories than an adult food to ensure proper growth. As animals mature into adults their nutrient needs decrease, and as they mature further into the senior years or onset of disease, adjusting certain nutrients can play a key role in prevention or management of a disease's progression. If a food is an "all life stage" product, then the food contains high levels of nutrients designed to support the growth of puppies or kittens, and could result in excess nutrients that may be harmful to an adult or mature adult pet's health. Always be sure to choose the life stage dietary product that best suits the life stage your pet is in.
7. Feeding Instructions
This instructs how much of the product should be offered. The label should say "feed X (cups or tsp) per X pounds of body weight a day." This is a general guideline. How much you feed depends on whether your goal is weight maintenance, weight loss or gain. It also depends on breed, activity and life stage and disease or medical conditions. Spayed and neutered animals require fewer calories for maintenance. Your veterinarian can instruct on how much you should be feeding.
Calorie statements are not required to be included on the nutrient label. When companies put a calorie statement on a label it is expressed on a "kilocalories per kilogram" basis. The kilocalories are the same as the "calories" you are used to seeing on food labels, and a kilogram is 2.2 lbs. Calories can be expressed in more familiar household terms such as per cup or per can. Many foods that do not have a calorie statement on the bag will have a calorie statement along with other nutritional information on their product website.
8. The Name and Address of Manufacturer or Distributor
This can be on the label a couple different ways: Manufactured by, Manufactured for, or Distributed by. You want to see manufactured by or for on the label, since this information assures you that you will be able to speak to the company that makes the food if there is a problem, and that the ingredients should be consistent. If the food is distributed by a company, many times it is made elsewhere and the ingredients may not have the same consistency. The package label should contain the manufacturer's phone number as well.
Other items are not required to be put on the pet food labels such as the batch information or freshness date. It may be in the form of a code or a "best by date" This is a very important piece of information when pet foods are recalled.
There is an overwhelming number of pet foods to choose from, with a lot of marketing messages and claims. By learning the tools to read pet food labels and working with your veterinarian here at Animal Hospital of North Asheville, you will be able to decide the best type of diet that will be most beneficial for your pet. Next month we will be looking at the marketing of diets with such words as "Holistic," "Organic," "Premium," "Low Calorie," "New and Improved" and more. We will tell you what they mean and if they actually have recognized definitions in regards to pet food standards. We will also be looking at types of diets such as prescription, specialty, raw and homemade diets.


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Norway - Land of the Vikings
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Photos from Lille Ulven's adventurous travels around Norway. With pictures from fjords, mountains, the cities of Trondheim, Oslo and Bergen as well as landscapes, seascapes, coastlines and the Lofoten.
Some of these photos are also published in my Norway calendars which you can find here.
Some of these photos are also published in my Norway calendars which you can find here.
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Farmhouse in Buskerud
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