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The Mandela Effect
Human memory is truly a peculiar thing. We are astonished by its scope and power, but we also recognize its dismaying fallibility. For years, scientists and researchers in the field of cognitive psychology and neuroscience have been studying extensively how memory works, but while they have taken great strides in gaining a better understanding of it, much of human memory remains a mystery. One thing about it remains certain though – memory isn't perfect at all. And proof of this imperfection is the phenomenon of false memories – erroneous or unconsciously fabricated recollections of past events that seemingly feel so real and true that those who experience them often refuse to accept any evidence contrary to what they think they know or recall.
While the topic of errors in human memory, in general, is a fascinating subject matter that has gained the interest of curious men and women of science, one type of glitch in human memory has generated a lot of buzz in recent years, and people of the Internet refer to it as the "Mandela Effect."
What is the Mandela Effect
The Mandela Effect is essentially defined as a collective misremembering of a fact or event. It refers to a phenomenon where a group of people all misremember the same detail, event or physicality.
The term was coined by self-described "paranormal consultant" Fiona Broome who claims to have become aware of the phenomenon after discovering that she shared a particular false memory with several other people. This memory was their incorrect knowledge that South African human rights activist and president Nelson Mandela died in prison during the 1980s when in reality, he passed away more recently in 2013. Beyond this particular memory she allegedly shared with other people, she also began to notice other examples of the phenomenon, leading her to believe that these instances are not simply errors in memory. They exceed the normal range of forgetfulness because for some reason that remains unclear, other people seem to have identical memories of something that supposedly never came to be in our reality.
Examples of the Mandela Effect
One particular example of the Mandela Effect that has generated a very loud online buzz involves the children's book series and animated TV show "The Berenstain Bears." As it turns out, a good number of people who grew up knowing the series apparently remember its title to be "The Berenstein Bears," with the name ending in "ein" instead of "ain." Some of those who recall this false memory even go so far as to claim that the fictional bears' surname was changed along the way to make the series seem "less Jewish."
Another example of the Mandela Effect is the recollection of many people that the United States has 51 or 52 states, and not 50. At present, the United States of America is composed of 50 states, with Washington D.C. considered as a federal district. But the US also has several unincorporated territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and American Samoa, which could be the reason why some people have the erroneous notion that there are more than 50 states considered to be a part of the Union. While this misconception is generally expected to have come from non-US residents, there are U.S. citizens that allegedly claim that 51 or 52 states was what they recall they were taught by their educators at school in their younger years.
The last example of the Mandela Effect that we will briefly discuss involves HBO's popular TV series "Sex and the City." According to some people, the series was originally named as "Sex in the City" until the network censors decided to make it less overtly suggestive of people engaging in sexual activities. Many people remember that for the first season, the show's title was originally "Sex in the City," while some maintain this to be the real title for its entire run. But as far as our current reality is concerned, the title of this classic cable TV show had been nothing else but "Sex AND the City."
Explanations for the Mandela Effect
How do we explain the fact that many people share the same false memory? Because of the popularity of the Mandela Effect as a phenomenon in recent years, the discussion about the topic has sparked an intense debate that has trapped the issue in a tug of war between two sides – the side of logic and mainstream science against the side of paranormal territory and fringe science.
One far-out theory based on the principles of quantum mechanics argue that those who have personally experienced the Mandela Effect may have actually "slid" between parallel realities. According to this theory, those who grew up in a universe where "Berenstein" Bears is spelled with an "ein" found themselves waking up one day in an alternate universe where the title of the children's book is spelled as "Berenstain" Bears with an "ain."
Another far-fetched theory posits that unbeknownst to ourselves, we are actually within a virtual reality the provides us with a manufactured human experience. And according to this theory, this virtual world is prone to "glitches," which in turn, cause inconsistencies in our perception of reality.
While there is nothing inherently wrong with this kind of wild speculation, these theories bordering on science fiction yield no practical explanation or testable hypotheses. And from a logical and scientific standpoint, nor are they necessary, since some experts don't consider the Mandela Effect as a phenomenon at all that deserves to be distinguished from existing types of false memories already well-established in the field of psychology.
A leading psychological theory sees memory as constructive and not reproductive – which means the brain "creates" memories out of various bits and pieces of information it was fed with as opposed to just accurately playing them back like a recording. Memories are not pure; they are fallible. And there are several psychological and social factors that can disrupt and distort the recollection of a particular memory, which includes but are not limited to bias, association, imagination, and expectations.
From a psychological standpoint, it is generally agreed on that there is normally an identifiable solution and explanation to most cases of the Mandela Effect, and many of these theories or key factors have nothing to do with parallel universes and virtual realities.
One key psychological factor in many cases of the Mandela Effect is what is referred to as the "misinformation effect." Misinformation affects people's reports of their own memory. This happens when information presented at a later time interferes with the ability to retain the previous information gathered for a particular memory. In essence, the new information received works backward in time to distort a person's memory of the original event. Misinformation Effect reflects two of the cardinal sins of memory: suggestibility – or the influence of other's expectations on our own memory – and misattribution – or information attributed to an incorrect source. Studies about this phenomenon have raised issues over the reliability and permanence of human memory.
Confirmation bias is also one of the factors that could help explain the Mandela Effect. This type of bias is described as a person's tendency to search for, interpret, or recall information in a way that confirms one's beliefs and hypotheses. Those who are seeking cases supporting the Mandela Effect will often be more easily persuaded by other claims that supposedly validate the phenomenon. And just as they are so easily inclined to agree with such claims supporting the Mandela Effect, these people are also just as prone to discarding any evidence or claim that is contrary to their belief in the phenomenon's existence.
But out of the many existing psychological concepts and theories about the frailties of human memory that have been raised over decades of research, perhaps the psychological concept that is most similar with the Mandela Effect is what psychologists refer to as "confabulation." Confabulation is a clinical term used to refer to memory defects experienced by patients with brain damage, but it also describes a common phenomenon that involves the embellishment of truth when recounting events, and the non-deliberate and a rarely-conscious invention of facts to fill in gaps in memory. People who have this type of memory disturbance produce incorrect memories from the most trivial details – which is often the case in the Mandela Effect – up to the more complex fabrications as well. Those who produce such misinterpreted memories typically resist any contradictory evidence to what they recall.
Although it might be very tempting to believe that the Mandela Effect is evidence of the existence of parallel realities or proof that our universe is nothing more than glitchy simulation, these kinds of speculations have yet to pass the requirements established by mainstream science that will allow them to be recognized as real theories worthy of consideration. And in light of known and widely-accepted cognitive phenomena that can give rise to shared false memories, most of us are more inclined to believe that well-known cognitive errors sufficiently explain the Mandela Effect and that there is no need to introduce concepts like parallel dimensions or alternate realities to explain the fallibility of human memory. And had Fiona Broome been a cognitive psychologist instead of a psychic ghost hunter, perhaps the term Mandela Effect might have never existed at all.
Nonetheless, it cannot be denied that the Mandela Effect is still a fascinating topic of interest regarding the quirks of human memory, while also serving as an example that human truth can actually be much stranger than fiction.
- http://www.snopes.com/2016/07/24/the-mandela-effect/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_memory
- http://www.debunkingmandelaeffects.com/mandela-effect-introduction/
- http://www.debunkingmandelaeffects.com/category/mandela-effects/
- https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4560
- http://www.debunkingmandelaeffects.com/common-explanations/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misinformation_effect
- http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2017/02/16/mandela-effect-false-memories/#.WSDZh2iGPb0


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Pokémon is a long-running series of Japanese Role Playing Games, developed by Game Freak and published by video game giant Nintendo, which spawned a multi-billion dollar franchise, and indirectly caused the proliferation of Western broadcasts of anime in the mid-to-late 1990s, along with Dragon Ball and Sailor Moon. Pokémon went on to gross an estimated $90 billion worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing entertainment media franchise of all time, surpassing not only Nintendo's Mario and The Legend of Zelda, but even Disney properties such as the Marvel Cinematic Universe, Mickey Mouse & Friends, Winnie the Pooh, and Star Wars. Only Sanrio's Hello Kitty comes close to Pokémon's revenue, but it's still estimated to be $10 billion dollars short of the top spot.
Released in Japan in February of 1996 for the Game Boy, Pokémon (or in Japan, Pocket Monsters) came in two versions: Red and Green. The idea of the game is to run around and battle wild Mons with your own, catch them with hand-held balls, and teach them to battle (non-lethally) with each other under the guidance of human Trainers for fun and profit. The original idea was for an artificial form of insect collecting for kids that lived in cities and thus couldn't participate in such a hobby (as the original creator was a bug collector when he was a kid), with the paired versions providing incentive for players to get together and trade Mons with their friends (but more on that later).
The strategy in the gameplay comes from two factors. First of all, there's an ambitiously large Elemental RockPaperScissors setup. 15 (later 17, and now 18note ) different elements are in play, and some species of Pokémon belong to two elements instead of just one, which can neutralize or compound the elements' respective resistances or weak points. Pokémon aren't strictly limited to moves of their elemental type either,note but can learn almost any move the particular creature might reasonably be capable of executing (like Water Pokémon using Ice-type moves, or Dragon Pokémon using Fire-type moves), and sometimes ones they aren't (a plesiosaur-like creature learning to eat dreams and shoot lightning? Okay!).
The second factor is the strict move limit: each of your Pokémon can only know 4 moves at once, out of a large movepool that they can learn from. This was hampered in the first generation by balance issues leading to some elements and species becoming obvious Game Breakers, but later generations have made many strides in balancing them out, most notably with the addition of new types: Dark, Steel and Fairy. Other restrictions placed on the player are the number of Pokémon one can have on a given team, which is no more than six at a time. Other mechanics introduced in later generations, such as items that Pokémon can hold and abilities they can possess are also limited but serve to increase depth in strategy.
The plot of each main-series game is typically a quest To Be a Master; the player is given one Pokémon to start their team with, then proceeds to take on the region's "Pokémon League" by catching new Pokémon, defeating other Pokémon trainers in battles (most importantly your childhood friend and rival), challenging type-specialist Gym Leaders and collecting Gym Badges, and ultimately battling the Elite Four to become the regional League Champion. During your journey, you also manage to single-handedly take down some kind of crime syndicate (and/or save the world) at some point along the way, and capture really powerful Pokémon that the local legends are based on.
While these aren't necessarily the greatest stories ever told, the games are certainly enjoyable, especially if you have friends that also play the games. This is due to the fact that the completion of the in-game storyline, Bonus Dungeons and filling out the game's Pokédex only comprise part of the gameplay. The rest of the game (or as some insist, the only point of the game) is the one-on-one Competitive Multiplayer. Not only are the player's Pokémon usable against the in-game opponents, these same Pokémon can be pitted against Pokémon trained by other live players of the game. As such, players can continue to train and catch Pokémon in order to have the best team among their peers. To further facilitate interaction between players, Pokémon can also be traded between games, and certain Pokémon can only be obtained by trading. That is the rationale behind releasing different versions of the game, as each version has certain Pokémon that were exclusive to it, and trading is the only way to get those exclusives in the other version.
To say that the brand took off like a (Team) rocket would be an understatement. Part of its success is down to the fact that with each generation, you must have access to (through purchase or a friend) at least two games to complete your Pokédex, trading with another player, and you both need Game Boys and alternate copies of the game. Despite being a relatively young series, the franchise is the second-best-selling video game franchise of all time, by a wide margin,note and is only beaten by its older brother, the Mario franchise. And that's just as a game franchise; as stated above, as a wider media franchise it is literally the most profitable thing ever, having expanded early on with a Collectible Card Game, various manga, and an on-going anime series that is just as notable as the games. It was even amongst the first of Nintendo's stable of games to be represented in the original Super Smash Bros., where not only are Pokémon like Pikachu are playable fighters, but a larger selection are summonable during battle.note
The franchise received a a live-action film from Legendary Pictures and Warner Bros. called Pokémon Detective Pikachu in 2019, based off the Detective Pikachu spin-off game. It is the first live-action entry of the franchise to be officially licensed, and the first live-action media related to Pokémon since the short-lived Pokémon Live! concert tour in the United States (besides the 20th anniversary Pokémon commercial shown during Super Bowl 50). Although it is expected not to be based off any of the main Pokémon entries, such films could also be in the pipeline should the Detective Pikachu movie do well.
You can visit the official website(s) (Japanese, English/Worldwide), as well as the official YouTube account (Japanese, English), Tumblr account (English), Twitter account (Japanese, English), and Facebook account (Japanese, English). See also Game Freak's official website (here, in Japanese), and Junichi Masuda's blog (which contains content regarding the Pokémon series — Japanese; English).
- Generation I (Game Boy)
- Pokémon Red Version and Blue Version (also known as Pokémon Red Version and Green Version in Japan; 1996 Japan (JP)/1998 United States (US))
- Pokémon Blue Version (1996 JP)
- Pokémon Yellow Version (1998 JP/1999 US)
- Generation II (Game Boy and Game Boy Color)
- Pokémon Gold Version and Silver Version (1999 JP/2000 US)
- Pokémon Crystal Version (2000 JP/2001 US)
- Generation III (Game Boy Advance)
- Pokémon Ruby Version and Sapphire Version (2002 JP/2003 US)
- Pokémon Emerald Version (2004 JP/2005 US)
- Pokémon FireRed Version and LeafGreen Version (Remake of Pokémon Red and Blue Versions, 2004)
- Generation IV (Nintendo DS)
- Pokémon Diamond Version and Pearl Version (2006 JP/2007 US)
- Pokémon Platinum Version (2008 JP/2009 US)
- Pokémon HeartGold Version and SoulSilver Version (Remake of Pokémon Gold and Silver Versions, 2009 JP/2010 US)
- Generation V (Nintendo DS)
- Pokémon Black Version and White Version (2010 JP/2011 US)
- Pokémon Black Version 2 and White Version 2 (2012)
- Generation VI (Nintendo 3DS)
- Pokémon X and Y (2013)
- Pokémon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire (Remake of Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire Versions, 2014)
- Generation VII (Nintendo 3DS and Nintendo Switch)
- Pokémon Sun and Moon (2016)
- Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon (2017)
- Pokémon Let's Go, Pikachu! and Let's Go, Eevee! (Remake of Pokémon Yellow Version, 2018)note
- Generation VIII (Nintendo Switch)
- Pokémon Sword and Shield (2019)
- Pokémon Trading Card Game series
- Pokémon Snap
- Pokémon Pinball series
- Pokémon Puzzle League
- Pokémon Puzzle Challenge
- Pokémon Stadium
- Pokémon Battle Revolution
- Hey You, Pikachu!
- Pokémon Channel
- Pokémon mini
- Pokémon Colosseum
- Pokémon Dash
- Pokémon Ranger series
- Pokémon Mystery Dungeon series
- Pokémon Trozei! series
- My Pokémon Ranch
- Pokémon Rumble series
- PokéPark Wii series
- Pokémon Conquest
- Pokkén Tournament
- Pokémon Picross
- Pokémon GO
- Detective Pikachu
- Pokémon Tretta
- Pokémon Ga-Olé
- Pokémon Duel (a.k.a. Pokémon Co-Master)
- Pokémon: Magikarp Jump
- Pokémon Playhouse
- Pokémon Quest
- Pokémon Sleep
- Pokémon Masters
- Animation:
- Pokémon trading card game
- Manga:
- The Electric Tale of Pikachu
- How I Became a Pokémon Card
- Magical Pokémon Journey
- Phantom Thief Pokémon 7
- Pocket Monsters
- Pocket Monsters Emerald Challenge!! Battle Frontier
- Pocket Monsters HGSS - Jou's Big Adventure
- Pokémon Adventures (aka "Pokémon Special")
- Pokémon: Diamond and Pearl Adventure!
- Pokémon Getto Da Ze!
- Pokémon Golden Boys
- Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Ginji's Rescue Team
- Pokémon RéBURST
- Pokémon Zensho
- Other:
- Pocket Monsters: The Animation (books (titled "The Animation" because they're adaptations of the anime))
- It's a White Tomorrow, Team Rocket! (radio drama)
- Pokémon 2.B.A. Master (music)
- Pokémon Christmas Bash (music)
- Pokémon Live! (stage show)
- Pokémon Pikachu (Virtual Pet toy)
- Pokémon Sunday (TV show)
- A Sneak Peek at Pokémon (promotional video)
- Pokémon: The Birth of Mewtwo (radio drama)
- Pokémon Detective Pikachu (live action film adaptation of Detective Pikachu)
- Unnamed Detective Pikachu sequel.
- Super Smash Bros. (The series has been represented since the first installment.)
- amiibo (A few Pokémon amiibo have been released, and some games unlock Pokémon-themed content based on those amiibo.)
- Also see Fan Works
In the grand tradition of The Internet, more extensive information lies free for use in Bulbapedia, a subdivision of the enormous Bulbagarden fansite.
You can vote for your favourite Pokémon game here.

subset: commoncrawl


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Russell Sage residence halls provide a wide variety of options from historic brownstones to traditional-style residence halls. Most rooms are doubles, although singles and triples are available on a limited basis.
Did you know?
Internet access, email accounts, and basic cable service are provided in all residence hall rooms. (Students bring their own computers, televisions, phones, and applicable accessories.)
Each room is furnished with beds, dressers, closets, desks and chairs. Sinks can be found in some rooms. There are common bathrooms on each floor in most residence halls. All residence halls have lounges and laundry facilities. Vending machines and kitchens are available in many buildings.
Resident Assistants (RAs) are the student staff available to answer your questions, direct you to appropriate offices on campus, and plan floor activities. More importantly, your RA is available if you need someone for support and advice.
First Year Students
Kellas Hall
The current Kellas Hall was built in 1957 by the college. Named for the first president of Russell Sage College, Eliza Kellas, it is the home for first year students on campus. The original Kellas Hall was located where the present Kay's Garden is. The first floor houses the Wellness Center; residents live on the first, second, and third floors.
Upperclass Students
French House
Believed to be built between 1865 and 1869 in the middle Victorian style by Mr. and Mrs. C.W. Tillinghast. French House was purchased by Russell Sage College in 1936 from the estate of C.W. Tillinghast-Barker, a Sage Trustee, for $10. It was dedicated as "La Maison Francaise" in 1937 by His Excellency, the Ambassador of France, Comte Rene Daynel de Saint-Quentin, and was conceptualized as an immersive French experience for students who studied French, French literature, art, music, customs and manners. The Annex was added in 1939 and included 6 class rooms, 3 resident rooms, a tower room and a French library (French Dining Room). The courtyard was added at the same time. For a period of time, the House served not only as a French Center for the college, but for the Troy chapter of the Alliance Francaise, a group dedicated to celebrating French culture.
- Students must apply to live in the house
- Students must participate in language and cultural programs
German House
Property originally owned by Jacob Vanderheyden, founder of the city of Troy. It was rented in 1788 by Henry McClellan, and in 1795 by Samuel Gale Jr. and his wife Mary, who obtained title to the property in 1799. The property changed hands within the Gale family until 1905 when it was sold to the Caldwell's. In 1934, the Caldwell's daughter Margery sold the property to Russell Sage College, where students living in the house were required to speak German while inside. No longer a language house, students are not required to speak German.
Manning Hall
Manning was built by the College in 1965. The four-floor air conditioned residence was designed to accommodate 100 students. A glass roof provides light for an inner courtyard. The building was named for John A. Manning, founder of John A. Manning Company of Green Island and a founder of the Behr-Manning Corporation of Watervliet. His company had been financially generous to the college and several officers of the corporation had served on the College's Board of Trustees.
Manning is predominantly single rooms with shared semi-private baths.
McMurray-Spicer-Gale House (MSG)
McMurray House was built in 1835 and originally owned by John Woodworth and his wife. It was sold in 1891 to Mr. and Mrs. John Don. The property was acquired by the college from the John and Harriet Don for $1,000 in 1920. Spicer was originally owned by J. Lansing Van-Schoonhoven.
Thompson Gale and Caroline De Forest moved into Gale House in 1844. E. Thompson was the grandson son of Dr. and Mrs. Samuel Gale Sr. Upon the death of their grandson, Edward C. Gale, the house was gifted to Russell Sage in 1941 and briefly housed the English department before becoming a residence hall. In 1992, a portion of the "Age of Innocence" was shot on the first floor of the movie. Décor installed for the filming remains in that space.
The three houses are connected with one main entrance.
Sage Hall
Sage Hall was built in 1895 by the Honorable Mr. Russell Sage for the Troy Female Seminary. Both his first wife (who died in 1867) and his second wife, OUR Mrs. Sage, were graduates of the Seminary. At the time of the dedication of the building, the seminary's name was changed to the Emma Willard School. Mr. Sage was a trustee of EWS from 1896 until his death in 1906. It is one of the three original buildings of Russell Sage College.
Spanish House
Spanish House was originally known as the Knickerbocker House. It was acquired by the Russell Sage College in 1947. For many years, it was required that all RSC students living in Spanish House speak Spanish while inside the house.
- Residents must apply to live in the house
- Students must participate in language and cultural programs
Wool House
Wool House was built by the Moulton family around 1784. Previous owners of the building include Jacob Van der Heyden, founder of the City of Troy, and Nathanial Wilson, brother of Samuel "Uncle Sam" Wilson. The property came into the hands of John E. Wool in 1835. He built the brick building which presently stands. Wool began his military career as a captain during the War of 1812; he served as a general, in the Civil War. Wool House was purchased by the Emma Willard School for the use of Russell Sage College in 1920; deeded to the College in 1928.
- Houses upperclass students in the Honors Program
- Students must apply to live in the house


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Classic CAUSA 208 Darin
Disqus Below | Continue to Tour | Member Login
Ten years later, Darin is living in the Pacific Northwest & looks better than ever. Here's what I had to say about this Nervous Nellie, over ten years ago:
I've been eyeing Darin online for over two years, and he finally responded positively on Wednesday. So, I had him on the CAUSA massage table the very next afternoon.
As you know, I'm always trying to recruit a diversity of men for the site. It is somewhat of a challenge since I predominately hear from brown-haired / brown-eyed Caucasians. 😛
With Darin's fair skin, fair hair, ripped, compact body, and big ol' schlong, I knew that I wanted to capture him on video way back in summer 2005 when I first viewed him on my favorite sex & swingers site.
As the old adage goes, Darin was as nervous as a whore in church given that it's his first time being sexually stimulated by another guy. Add to that the fact that he's an inherently quiet person, and you've got some rather subtle sexual intensity throughout this video.
CB ~ Casey Black ~ Messing. With. TexAZ. ©
#clubamateurusa #causa #model4causa #caseyblack #rubntug #gaymassage #eroticmassage #sexploreyourcuriosity


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Rockbox mail archiveSubject: Re: new bug ?!
From: Björn Stenberg (bjorn_at_haxx.se)
Date: 2003-03-14
Chris Hoekstra wrote:
No. The error is the CPU throwing us an Address Error exception. It is a pure software error. The error screen display is done by Rockbox.
> And of course this is repeatable, I can provide a file that causes this,
Please do. Upload it somewhere and post a link to it here.
-- Björn
Page was last modified "Jan 10 2012" The Rockbox Crew


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Tag: japanese culture
How does a cat say in Japanese?
Do you know how does a cat say in Japanese? It's nyaa nyaa but it wasn't always in this way.
Is Ehomaki good for the environment?
It´s been a while since Ehomaki has become another part of Setsubun in Japan. Despite of sushi industry´s promotion, people are still quite not used to it. And this year, the mass of leftover sushi rolls caught Japanese citizen´s attention.
11th November is Origami Day in Japan
11th of November in Japan is Origami Day. This traditional paper craft has an old history and it´s something Japanese children learn people around them as they grow. So why it´s Origami Day?
Is Japanese confusing to you?
After a while you learn Japanese, you feel stuck. You also feel you haven´t actually learn anything. If you do, you are not the only one. Japanese can be confusing and vague.
History of Yakuza
Yakuza is now a universal word and known as a Japanese mafia. But where they come from? How they started? Here is a little bit of history of Yakuza.


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EPIC Motion High School's Prom of '79
Manhattan Movement and Arts Center
248 West 60th St.
New York, NY, 10023
3:00 PM (event ends at 5:00 PM)
It's 1979, and all that anyone can talk about at EPIC Motion High School is the Senior Prom. George Cohen is going with Norma Watson, and Rhonda Torrington is going with Kenny Wilson from the soccer team. Though, the most surprising couple of the evening is sure to be Tommy Ross and Carrie White. After a humiliating incident in the girl's locker room where Carrie was tormented by Chris Hargensen, Sue Snell, and a slew of other senior girls, Sue convinced Tommy to take Carrie to the prom in an effort to make things right. Chris, on the other hand, has been banned from prom for refusing to go to detention. After such an eventful school year, the EMHS Prom of 1979 is sure to be a night no one will ever forget!
$15.00 - $30.00
Upcoming Events
Manhattan Movement and Arts Center
- Sorry, there are currently no upcoming events.


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CHARLESTON, W.Va. — Members of the state Senate will face pressure from those in the hospitality and tourism industry to remove a provision — pushing back last call at West Virginia's bars and casinos from 3 a.m. to 2 a.m. — from a bill originally proposed to allow alcohol sales during Sunday brunches.
"We will make an effort to, at least, restore the existing closing times that are allowed by the Alcohol Beverage Control Administration," said John Cavacini, president of the West Virginia Racing Association, of the bill the House of Delegates approved with a 70-26 vote this week.
If anything, Cavacini said he thinks alcohol sale hours should be expanded in West Virginia, not restricted. "We need to be on a course that is in place today," he said on Wednesday's MetroNews "Talkline."
The original intent of HB 4454 had nothing to do with bar closing times. It was written to allow for alcohol sales starting at 10:30 a.m. on Sunday mornings so people who are going to brunch at a West Virginia restaurant, hotel or bed and breakfast can legally order an alcoholic drink. Currently, those sales are prohibited, by law, until 1 p.m. on Sundays.
As part of a compromise in the House on the Sunday hours, Del. John Overington (R-Berkeley, 62) proposed the amendment that changed the nightly alcohol sale cut-off time. Right now, alcohol sales stop at 3 a.m. in West Virginia which is later than cut-off times in a number of neighboring states.
Overington said an additional compromise may be to let destination sites, like hotels and casinos, serve alcohol later.
"These would not be the people that are coming from Maryland after they've had four or five drinks at a Maryland or Virginia or Ohio or Kentucky bar. Those are the people that I was concerned about, getting them off the roads so they're not attracted to West Virginia," he said on Wednesday.
If the Senate approves the bill in its current form, alcohol sales at private clubs, including restaurants and casinos, would not be allowed between 2 a.m. and 10:30 a.m. on Sundays and between 2 a.m. and 7 a.m. on weekdays and Saturdays.
In the Senate, the bill has first been referred to the Senate Government Organization Committee with just more than two weeks remaining in the 2014 Regular Legislative Session.
Mountain dweller
The answer is no. Because the neighborhood bar has drunks in the street at 3-4 am screaming obscenities and breaking beer bottles. No comparison.
Maybe we should forcibly close convenience stores, hospitals, police stations and other places that stay open past 2am. I'm sure having those near your home would also be annoying with the traffic in an out at all hours of the night. No?
So because you don't "party and drink past 2am" then nobody else should either. Little self-centered of you don't you think?
Hopefully this dumb idea will die in the Senate.
the point is not about drinking per se, but that later hours allow people a longer opportunity to get a little more drunk. Then they hit the roads a little bit drunker, putting themselves and everybody else on the road, in greater jeopardy.
We wouldn't need bills like this if people were personally responsible. But, alas, some people don't accept personal responsibility.
I'm sure the police will like this because they won't have to stay up late lurking around bars to arrest people for having a drink or two.. If they want to close bars early, OK. Then trade that for a .12 limit and get things in perspective… We are having our rights slowly taken away to the point you will have to register to buy beer. Nanny State government is tyranny.
Mountain dweller
I live in a neighborhood with a bar and the issue us that bars are not located in isolation. People live near most bars so moving the time to 2 am would be great. Our neighborhood bar already regularly sometimes stays open to 4 am or later and the police have had to be called more than once. If you want to drink past 2 am go home and drink.
Wait. What if one of the football games goes into 17 OT's. Can the drunks in MorganGommorah cater to the in crowd or not?
Allow drinking at all hours but tax it at a higher rate during times the legislature deems it immoral to drink.
Mountaineers are always free...unless you're doing something I don't like and I'll sic the legislature on you.
Agreed. I don't understand why people are so afraid of freedom. Values, morals (aka, making good decisions), should be on the shoulders of families and upbringing...not the government. If you don't think it is a good idea to be out at a bar at 2am, then don't.
Hollow hunter
Just for bars and casinos ?! So I can't go to a convienence store at 10:30 am on Sunday to purchase beer or wine ?! Common man screwd again !
If u would ever accept JESUS as your personal savior u would understand why we work to stop the drugs and alcohol.
I don't see it as a Republican or Democrat thing...I think there really is a very fine line between the two. We need to get rid of political parties all together and just have politicians run on their platforms, and then hold them accountable...if they do what they say..then vote them back in..if they dont...vote them out. People get too hung up on wanting their "team" to win instead of focusing on the actual issues that effect the people.
Tim D.
Another bill that won't change a dang thing.
So I would like to ask Delegate Overington..."If I moved to the center of the state, could I drink later since no 'foreigners' could make it to my bar in time?"
Why is it that so many Republicans want you to stay out of their pockets, but have no problem dictating how you should behave?
As the saying goes...
Nice alliteration.
Thank you for saying this. I don't know what I'd do if I had to take responsibility for my own actions instead of having my decisions legislated for me.
Can we trade emails so you can keep me informed on all the other things I should and shouldn't do?
We need ol' Abe Lincoln to address this issue........"four scotch and seven beers ago........"!!!!
The bookman
Duplicate post, sorry disregard!
The bookman
I teetotal-ly agree.
The bookman
I teetotal-ly agree!
WV Proud
There is no reason for anyone to be partying and drinking past 2AM. That is plenty of time to enjoy the spirits and socialize. This bill should be passed.
Why is there time parameters on alcohol sales anyway? Why can't any business with a liquor license sell alcohol anytime they want when they are open? What is the connection with Sunday and alcohol sales? Is the argument to save lives from drunk drivers or something? People can drink their face off during the legal hours or at a friends house for that matter and get into a car. Should be pretty easy to look at data, look at states where the alcohol hours are later and see if there is a correlation.


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Moustache Samedi 27 Xroad Open 1
We were constantly being asked for a bike for urban use, the same bike for touring, and the same again for occasional mountain bike use! Not easy!
So, for the Samedi 27 Xroad, we took advantage of the potential of 27.5» wheels and Hutchinson Python tyres, which roll well but provide good comfort and traction thanks to their many small studs. Equipped with a mudguards, QL3-compatible luggage rack, kickstand and high-performance lighting, Samedi 27 Xroad has everything it needs for efficient everyday use.
Its frame, its wheels, its front suspension, its gearbox and its accessories are all suitable for mountain bike use, even on steep slopes. It is equipped with the Bosch Active or Performance system, 400 or 500 Wh version. Its low energy consumption and availability in 400 or 500 Wh models provide generous battery life, even for roaming use!
It's up to you to find out how far it can go… or how far you can go! ;-{D


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The blank page.
The empty head.
The fear of starting.
The scariness of words.
Who will read it?
Who will like it?
Who will criticise it?
Who cares what you have to say?
Just type, it's an unknown thing life and what we do, has no guarantees.
The magic is the uncertainty and caring about the process and not giving a care about the outcome.
Blog fears are scary when we focus on the published outcome, not the process of creating it.


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Tips to Plan for your Pets in an Emergency
The best way to keep your pets safe during an emergency is to keep them with you. When a disaster strikes, remember that the rules that apply to people, also apply to pets. Preparation makes all the difference and if it's not safe for you, it's not safe for them. Some of the things you can do to prepare for the unexpected, such as assembling an animal emergency supply kit, and developing a pet care buddy system, are the same for any emergency. Whether you decide to stay put in an emergency or evacuate to a safer location, you will need to make plans in advance for your pets. Follow these steps to prepare protecting your pets in a disaster:
ID Your Pet
Make sure that your cat or dog is wearing a collar and identification and municipal dog tags are up to tags and visible at all times.
Put your cell phone number on your pet's tag.
Put Together Your Disaster Kit
Every member of your family should know what he or she needs to take when you evacuate. You'll also need supplies for your pet. Stock up on non-perishables well ahead of time.
Keep everything accessible and stored in sturdy containers that can be carried easily. Dry pet foods can be stored in air-tight containers and refreshed every 6 months.
If you live in an area prone to flooding, make a kit to keep in your car in case you have to evacuate quickly. A basic disaster kit should include: food and water for at least five days including pet bowls and can openers, medications stored in a waterproof container, a first aid kit, cat litter box, cat litter, litter scoop, garbage bags, sturdy leashes/harnesses, carrier crates, blankets, towels, pet beds, pet toys, and written information about your pets medications, feeding schedules, behaviour issues, and your veterinarian information.
Keep current photos of you with your pet on your mobile phone or in your purse/wallet should you become separated to prove they are yours once you're reunited.
Find a Safe Place Ahead of Time
Find a pet friendly hotel/motel in case of evacuation, and ask about restrictions. Ask pet-free hotel/motels if during an emergency, they will waive policies restricting pets.
Make arrangements with friends or relatives.
Consider contacting a kennel or veterinarians office.
As a last resort, ask your local animal shelter.
Plan for Your Pet in Case You are not Home
Make arrangements well in advance for a trusted neighbour or nearby friend or relative to take your pets if it is safe to do so.
If you evacuate, take your pet. Remember, if it isn't safe for you, it isn't safe for your pets. Also, plan to evacuate early, do not wait for an evacuation order.
If you stay home, do it safely:
Close off or eliminate unsafe nooks and crannies where frightened pets may try to hide.
Move dangerous items such as tools or toxic products that have been stored in your home.
Bring your pets indoors as soon as local authorities say trouble is on the way.
Close windows and doors and stay inside, and follow local emergency instructions.
If you have a room you can designate as a 'safe room', put your emergency supplies in that room in advance.
If the electricity goes out, keep your pets with you.
Keep taking care of yourself and your pets even after the disaster:
Don't allow your pets to roam loose
While you assess the damage, keep dogs on leashes and cats in carriers inside the house
Be patient with your pets after a disaster
If your community has been flooded, search your yard and home carefully for wild animals who may have sought refuge there.
During extreme temperatures keep these tips in mind:
Never leave your pets in a parked car
Watch the humidity in the heat, and the winds in the cold
Do not rely on a fan as they do not cool off pets as effectively as people
Provide lots of shade an water in the heat
Limit exercise
Look for signs of heatstroke (heavy panting, glazed eyes, difficulty breathing, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, profuse salivation) or hypothermia (Paleness, strong shivering, lethargy) and treat immediately
Remember, disaster plans aren't just for pets. If you're responsible for other kinds of animals during natural disasters, disaster plans for feral or outdoor cats, horses, chickens, and other farm animals can be life-savers.
Flood Tips
- 72 Hour Emergency Kits
- Cleaning and Removing Mould (PDF)
- Cleaning Up After a Flood (PDF)
- Flood Water After a Disaster or Emergency
- Flooded Wells and Septic Systems (PDF)
- Ontario Disaster Relief Assistance Program
- Relocating to Safer Ground
- Septic System Service After a Flood
- Start Your Preparation Now – Have Your Very Own Emergency Plan
- Tips to Plan for your Pets in an Emergency
- Tips to Prepare for Flooding
- Tips to Prepare Medications for Emergencies
- Tips for Storing Fuel for Emergencies
- Well Water Safety


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1. Sevilla really can finish above Atleti
Atletico Madrid may have secured their first win in December by sneaking past Las Palmas 1-0, but Sevilla delivered a statement of their own intent just hours later as they smashed four goals past Malaga in 10 first-half minutes on their way to a 4-1 victory. It was a match most would have expected Jorge Sampaoli's side to win, but the manner in which they turned it on during that ten-minute spell that will have left defences across Spain shivering in fear during the winter break. Not only have Sevilla improved defensively since the beginning of the season, but they have also shown they have the attacking firepower necessary to maintain their excellent start. They are still five points above Atleti and there is no reason why they cannot stay there. Betting Expert offer some great tips on the Andalusians.
2. Griezmann needs this Christmas break
It has now been 769 minutes since Antoine Griezmann scored a La Liga goal. The Frenchman has been struggling of late, not just when it comes to finding the back of the net himself but also in creating chances for his teammates. He hasn't scored in his past nine League matches and has created just three assists during that time. Against Las Palmas on Saturday, the attacker tried his best to drive his team towards a much-needed victory but simply lacked his usual sharpness in the final third and was unable to convert any of his five attempts on goal. If anyone needs this three-week winter break to reset themselves after a long 2016, it's Griezmann.
3. A referee helped make a football match better
In the same weekend as refereeing decisions and video officiating were being criticised at the FIFA Club World Cup, there was some good refereeing in the Catalan derby. Antonio Mateu Lahoz is one of the most criticised referees in the country, but on Sunday evening he booked two Espanyol players inside the first 15 minutes, which may have prevented the match from becoming the overly-physical and overly-aggressive contest that other recent Derbis had become. Both challenges would likely have merited a yellow card had they taken place in the second half, so Lahoz stamped his authority early on and nipped the aggression in the bud, allowing a footballing battle to develop, not a muscular one.
4. Pato one of the best in the League – if he can stay fit
One of the top performers of the La Liga weekend was Villarreal's Alexandre Pato. The 27-year-old was superb in his side's 3-1 win over Sporting Gijon, scoring once, provoking two saves and forcing three blocks inside the penalty area. He dribbled past the Sporting defenders all match and the rare occasions he didn't skip past them were because he was being fouled, with the Brazilian winning his side a very useful six free-kicks during the match. It helped the Yellow Submarine to secure their first away La Liga win since September and showed why he was worth taking a gamble on during the summer transfer window. As injury-prone as he may be, what he can offer when healthy will make Villarreal's small investment worth it.
5. Abelardo remains Sporting Coach, for now
One of Pato's victims might have been Abelardo Fernandez, the Sporting Gijon Coach who was called for a meeting with the club's President after their latest defeat, their sixth in seven matches. He came out of it still in his post, but it remains to be seen how much longer he'll keep hold of it. The Asturian side will spend Christmas in the relegation zone and Abelardo has been criticised for some of recent decision-making, while his outburst against a journalist a couple of weeks ago didn't exactly help him to keep a low-profile. He has done a lot for Sporting at a financially-difficult time for the club by winning them promotion and keeping them in La Liga last year, but football will always be a results business.


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The Master of Business Administration (MBA) is a master's degree in business administration, which attracts people from a wide range of academic disciplines. The MBA designation originated in the United States, emerging from the late 19th century as the country industrialized and companies sought out scientific approaches to management. The core courses in the MBA program are designed to introduce students to the various areas of business such as accounting, marketing, human resources, operations management, etc. Students in some MBA programs have the option to select an area of concentration and focus approximately one-third of their studies in this area.
Accreditation bodies exist specifically for MBA programs to ensure consistency and quality of graduate business education, and business schools in many countries offer MBA programs tailored to full-time, part-time, executive, and distance learning students, with specialized concentrations.
The Tuck School of Business, part of Dartmouth College, was the first graduate school of business in the United States. Founded in 1900, it was the first institution conferring advanced degrees (masters) in the commercial sciences, specifically, a Master of Science in Commerce degree, the forebear of the modern MBA degree.
In 1908, the Graduate School of Business Administration (GSBA) at Harvard University was established; it offered the world's first MBA program, with a faculty of 15 plus 33 regular students and 47 special students.
The University of Chicago Graduate School of Business first offered working professionals the Executive MBA (EMBA) program in 1940, and this type of program is offered by most business schools today.
In 1950, the first MBA degrees were awarded outside the United States by The University of Western Ontario in Canada,[1] followed in 1951 with the degree awarded by the University of Pretoria in South Africa.[2] The Institute of Business Administration, Karachi in Pakistan was established in 1955 as the first Asian business school by the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. In 1957, INSEAD became the first European business school to offer an MBA program.[citation needed]
The MBA degree has been adopted by universities worldwide, and has been adopted and adapted by both developed and developing countries.[3]
Business schools or MBA programs may be accredited by external bodies which provide students and employers with an independent view of their quality, and indicate that the school's educational curriculum meets specific quality standards. The three major accrediting bodies in the United States are Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB), which accredits research universities, the Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP), which accredits universities and colleges, and the International Assembly for Collegiate Business Education (IACBE),[4] all of which also accredit schools outside the US. The AACSB and the ACBSP are themselves accredited in the United States by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA).[5] MBA programs with specializations for students pursuing careers in healthcare management also eligible for accreditation by the Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Management Education (CAHME).
In the United States, a college or university must be accredited as a whole before it is eligible to have its MBA program accredited. Bodies that accredit institutions as a whole include the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA): Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools (MSA), New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASCSC), Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (HLC), Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU), Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS), and Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC).[6]
Accreditation agencies outside the United States include the Association of MBAs (AMBA), a UK based organization that accredits MBA, DBA and MBM programs worldwide, government accreditation bodies such as the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) that accredits MBA and PGDM programs across India, the Council on Higher Education (CHE) in South Africa, the European Quality Improvement System (EQUIS) for mostly European and Asian schools, and the Foundation for International Business Administration Accreditation (FIBAA) in Europe.
Two-year (Full Time) MBA programs normally take place over two academic years (i.e. approximately 18 months of term time). For example in the Northern Hemisphere beginning in late August/September of year one and continuing until May of year two, with a three to four month summer break in between years one and two. Students enter with a reasonable amount of prior real-world work experience and take classes during weekdays like other university students.
Accelerated MBA programs are a variation of the two year programs. They involve a higher course load with more intense class and examination schedules. They usually have less "down time" during the program and between semesters. For example, there is no three to four month summer break, and between semesters there might be seven to ten days off rather than three to five weeks vacation.
Part-time MBA programs normally hold classes on weekday evenings, after normal working hours, or on weekends. Part-time programs normally last three years or more. The students in these programs typically consist of working professionals, who take a light course load for a longer period of time until the graduation requirements are met.
Executive MBA (EMBA) programs developed to meet the educational needs of managers and executives, allowing students to earn an MBA or another business-related graduate degree in two years or less while working full time. Participants come from every type and size of organization – profit, nonprofit, government — representing a variety of industries. EMBA students typically have a higher level of work experience, often 10 years or more, compared to other MBA students. In response to the increasing number of EMBA programs offered, The Executive MBA Council was formed in 1981 to advance executive education.
Distance learning MBA programs hold classes off-campus. These programs can be offered in a number of different formats: correspondence courses by postal mail or email, non-interactive broadcast video, pre-recorded video, live teleconference or videoconference, offline or online computer courses. Many respectable schools offer these programs.
Dual MBA programs combine MBA degree with others (such as an MS or a J.D., etc) to let students cut costs (dual programs usually cost less than pursuing 2 degrees separately), save time on education and to tailor the business education courses to their needs. Some business schools offer programs in which students can earn both a bachelor's degree in business administration and an MBA in four or five years.
Most programs base admission on the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT), significant work experience, academic transcripts, essays, references or letters of recommendation and personal interviews. The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is also accepted by some schools in lieu of the GMAT.[7] Schools are also interested in extracurricular activities, community service activities and how the student can improve the diversity and contribute to the student body as a whole. All of these qualifications are important for admission; however, some schools do not weigh GMAT scores as heavily as other criteria. In order to achieve a diverse class, business schools also consider the target male-female ratio and local-international student ratios.
Most top MBA programs cover similar subjects within their core required courses. For information about the typical content of an MBA program's core curriculum, see the overview at the Wikiversity MBA topic page. MBA programs expose students to a variety of subjects, which students may choose to specialize in a particular area. Students traditionally study a wide breadth of courses in the program's first year, then pursue a specialized curriculum in the second year. Full-time students typically seek an internship during the interim. Typical specializations include: accounting; economics; Entrepreneurship; finance; international business; operations management; organizational behavior; marketing; real estate; and strategy, among others.
In 1957, INSEAD became the first European university offering the MBA degree, followed in 1964 by IESE (first two-year program in Europe), UCD Smurfit Business School in 1964, Manchester Business School and London Business School in 1965, The University of Dublin (Trinity College), the Rotterdam School of Management in 1966, the Cranfield School of Management in 1967 and in 1969 by the HEC School of Management (in French, the École des Hautes Études Commerciales) and the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris. In 1991, IEDC-Bled School of Management became the first school in the ex-socialist block of the Central and Eastern to offer an MBA degree. Because of technology advances, distance or online MBA programs have recently emerged in Europe. Several business schools in the United Kingdom now offer distance MBA programs. In 2007, ESCEM became the first French Business school to offer their own distance or online MBA. See List of business schools in Europe
In Europe, the recent Bologna Accord established uniformity in three levels of higher education: Bachelor (three years), Masters (one or two years in addition to three or four years for a Bachelor), and Doctorate (an additional three or four years after a Masters). Students can acquire professional experience after their initial bachelor degree at any European institution and later complete their masters in any other European institution via the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System. A European masters degree in Management is therefore equivalent to the American MBA having additional scientific content; for example, a European MBA normally requires writing and defending a master's thesis.
Accreditation standards are not uniform in Europe. Some countries have legal requirements for accreditation (e.g. most German states), in some there is a legal requirement only for universities of a certain type (e.g. Austria), and others have no accreditation law at all. Even where there is no legal requirement, many business schools are accredited by independent bodies voluntarily to ensure quality standards.
The UK based Association of MBAs (AMBA) was established in 1967 and is an active advocate for MBA degrees. The Association's accreditation service is internationally recognised for all MBA, DBA and Masters in Business and Management (MBM) programs. AMBA also offer the only professional membership association for MBA students and graduates. UK MBA programs typically consist of a set number of taught courses plus a dissertation or project.
January 1998 saw the first meeting of the "Association of the Czech MBA Schools" (CAMBAS). The Association is housed within the Centre for Doctoral and Managerial Studies of UEP, Prague. All of the founding members of the Association have their MBA programmes accredited by partner institutions in Great Britain or in United States of America.
Germany was one of the last western countries to adopt the MBA degree. In 1998, the Hochschulrahmengesetz (Higher Education Framework Act), a German federal law regulating higher education including the types of degrees offered, was modified to permit German universities to offer master's degrees. The traditional German degree in business administration was the Diplom but since 1999, bachelor's and master's degrees have gradually displaced the traditional degrees (see Bologna process). Today most German business schools offer the MBA. Most German states require that MBA degrees have to be accredited by one of the six agencies officially recognized by the German Akkreditierungsrat (accreditation council), the German counterpart to the US-American CHEA. The busiest of these six agencies (in respect to MBA degrees) is the Foundation for International Business Administration Accreditation (FIBAA). All universities themselves have to be institutionally accredited by the state (staatlich anerkannt).
In Austria, MBA programs of private universities have to be accredited by the Austrian Accreditation Council (Österreichischer Akkreditierungsrat). State-run universities have no accreditation requirements, however, some of them voluntarily undergo accreditation procedures by independent bodies. There are also MBA programs of non-academic business schools, who are entitled by the Austrian government to offer these programs until 2010 (Lehrgang universitären Charakters). Some non-academic institutions cooperate with state-run universities to ensure legality of their degrees.
In France and in the Francophone countries such as Switzerland, Monaco, Belgium, and Canada (Quebec), the MBA degree programs at the public accredited schools are similar to those offered in the Anglo-Saxon countries. Most French Business Schools are accredited by the Conférence des Grandes Écoles, which is an association of higher educational establishments outside the mainstream framework of the pu
Italian MBAs programs at public accredited schools are similar to those offered elsewhere in Europe. Italian Business Schools are accredited by EQUIS and by ASFOR.
There are several MBA programs offered in Poland. Some of these are run as partnerships with American or Canadian Universities. For example, the CEMBA program is run by the Warsaw School of Economics and the University of Quebec at Montreal.
Recently MBA programs appeared in Ukraine where there are now about ten schools of business offering a variety of MBA programs. Two of these are subsidiaries of European schools of business, while the remaining institutions are independent.
Today, MBA and Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) designations can be found in many countries and even accessed through on-line, distance learning or e-learning. Because of the varying standards of MBAs worldwide, many business schools are accredited by independent bodies.
In Australia, 42 Australian business schools offer the MBA degree. Universities differentiate themselves by gaining international accreditation and focusing on national and international rankings. Most MBAs are one to two years full time. There is little use of GMAT, and instead each educational institution specifies its own requirements, which normally entails several years of management-level work experience as well as proven academic skills.
Ratings for Australian MBAs are carried out by the Graduate Management Association of Australia, which publishes an annual Australian MBA Star Ratings. See List of business schools in Australia.
In 2004 South Africa's Council on Higher Education (CHE) completed an extensive re-accreditation of MBA degrees offered in the country. The process was the first of its kind in the world to be undertaken by a statutory body and attracted widespread international media attention for its innovation and thoroughness. See List of business schools in South Africa.
Business schools of the traditional universities run a variety of MBA programs. In addition, foreign accredited institutions offer MBA degrees by distance learning in Ghana.
There are 1600 business schools in India offering two year MBA programs targeting predominantly fresh graduates without any work experience. Among those schools, the Indian Institutes of Management (IIM) are the oldest institutions for management education in India. Admission to any of the IIM schools or other business schools requires passing the Common Admission Test (CAT), XAT, GMAT, JMET or MAT each of which qualifies candidates for entrance into any management institutions in India, apart from these entrance tests there are few business schools which conducts aptitude test individually which qualifies candidates for that particular business school. The IIM and other autonomous business schools offer a post-graduate diploma in management (PGDM) which is recognized in India as similar to an MBA degree. Government accreditation bodies such as AICTE established that autonomous business schools can offer only the PGDM, whereas a post-graduate degree can be awarded by a university-affiliated colleges, in two-year full-time program. The curriculum of the PGDM and MBA degrees are equivalent, although the MBA degree is examination oriented and concentrates on theoretical aspects of management whereas the PGDM is industry-oriented and mainly focuses on building soft skills. However, a PGDM holder cannot pursue Ph.D. since the PGDM is not recognized. Non-government accredited, one-year fast-track programs have proliferated in India, especially for candidates with work experience. Such programs are commonly known as Post Graduate Programme (PGP) in Business Management. See List of business schools in India.
International MBA programs are acquiring brand value in Asia. For example, while a foreign MBA is still preferred in the Philippines, many students are now studying at one of many "Global MBA" English language programs being offered. English-only MBA programs are also offered in Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. For North American students who want a different experience, many Asian programs offer scholarships and discounted tuition, to encourage an international environment in the classroom.
Rankings have been done for Asia Pacific schools by the magazine Asia Inc. which is a regional business magazine with distribution worldwide. The importance of MBA education in China has risen, too.[8] See List of business schools in Asia.
Each year, well-known business publications such as US News & World Report, Business Week, Financial Times, The Economist, and the Wall Street Journal publish rankings of selected MBA programs that, while controversial in their methodology, nevertheless can directly influence the prestige of schools that achieve high scores.
The MBA degree has become one of the most popular masters' degrees. As more universities started offering the degree, differences in the quality of schools, faculty, and course offerings became evident. Naturally, establishing some criteria of quality is needed to differentiate among MBA programs, especially for prospective students trying to decide on where to apply. As MBA programs proliferated, a variety of publications began providing information on them. Some of these consisted of compilations of information gathered from the universities offering the degree, usually published in book form. Eventually periodicals began publishing articles describing various MBA schools and ranking them according to some perceived quality criteria. One of the most prominent of these is Business Week, which devotes a biennial issue to ranking MBA programs.
Different methods of varying validity were used to arrive at rankings of MBA programs. The Gourman Report, for example, did not disclose criteria or ranking methods,[9] and these reports were criticized for reporting statistically impossible data, such as no ties among schools, narrow gaps in scores with no variation in gap widths, and ranks of nonexistent departments.[10] In 1977 The Carter Report published rankings of MBA programs based on the number of academic articles published by faculty. Periodicals based their rankings on interviews with company recruiters who hired MBA graduates, surveys of MBA schools' deans, polls of students or faculty, and a variety of other means. The defunct MBA Magazine asked deans to vote on the best programs. The methods of obtaining ranks often changed from year to year. Initially, rankings included only a small number of universities consisting of the largest and best known Ivy League and state schools. There are also many privately compiled rankings, including the Global Top 100 Business Schools compiled by the QS network.
The ranking of MBA programs has been discussed in articles and on academic Web sites.[11] Critics of ranking methodologies maintain that any published rankings should be viewed with caution for the following reasons:[12]
One study found that objectively ranking MBA programs by a combination of graduates' starting salaries and average student GMAT score can reasonably duplicate the top 20 list of the national publications.[12] The study concluded that a truly objective ranking would be individualized to the needs of each prospective student.[14] National publications have recognized the value of rankings against different criteria, and now offer lists ranked different ways: by salary, GMAT score of students, selectivity, and so forth. While useful, these rankings still are not tailored to individual needs, and their value is diminished if they use an incomplete population of schools, fail to distinguish between the different MBA program types offered by each school, or rely on subjective interviews.
The Financial crisis of 2007–2010 has raised new challenges and questions regarding the MBA degree. Graduates of MBA programs have a reported tendency to go into Finance shortly after receiving the degree.[15] As the field of Finance is tightly linked to the global economic downturn, anecdotal evidence suggests new graduates are stepping onto alternate paths.[16]
Deans at top business schools have acknowledged media and public perception of the MBA has shown some shifts as a result of the financial crisis.[17] Articles about public perception related to the crisis range from schools' acknowledgment of issues related to the training students receive[15][17] to general overviews of the MBA's role in society.[18]


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Why didn't Noah swat those two mosquitoes?
-by Anonymous
Why didn't Noah swat those two mosquitoes?
-by Anonymous
Whatever you're thinking, think bigger.
-by Tony Hsieh
Inconsistencies of opinion, arising from changes of circumstances, are often justifiable.
-by Daniel Webster
If you die in an elevator, be sure to push the 'up' button.
-by Sam Levenson
Encyclopedia is a Latin term. It means "to paraphrase a term paper."
-by Greg Ray
I ask people why they have deer heads on their walls. They always say, "Because it's such a beautiful animal." There you go. I think my mother is attractive, but I have photographs of her.
-by Ellen Degeneres
Dogs have masters. Cats have staff.
-by Anonymous
If you obey all the rules, you miss all the fun.
-by Katharine Hepburn
Sooner or later we all discover that the important moments of life are not the advertised ones, not the birthdays, the graduations, the weddings, the great goals achieved. The real milestones are less prepossessing. They come to the door of memory unannounced, stray dogs that amble in, sniff around a bit and simply never leave. Our lives are measured by these.
-by Susan B. Anthony
Worrying is less work than doing something to fix the worry. Everybody wants to save the earth; nobody wants to help Mom with the dishes.
-by P. J. O'rourke


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A couple of years ago, Bekah Bohlen had an idea: "What if we built a paper food truck?" In other words, a stationery-focused boutique — on wheels. Her husband, Martin, was on board. Bohlen applied for a grant from the Girlboss Foundation, which helps creative women kick-start their careers.
She had just started a letterpress stationery line, Cat Call Collective, and as the foundation later wrote on its website, "Could she be any more of a #Girlboss?" Bohlen scored the grant, and Cat Call became the little shop that could: At just over 100 square feet, it's stuffed with Bohlen's stationery, as well as handmade wares like soy candles, knit blankets, and mango wood spoons.
When the mobile shop isn't traveling around North Carolina, the Bohlens are at home in Hillsborough with their four cats and a dog. As Bohlen adjusts the stationery press in her studio, Freud the cat wanders in, meowing until Bohlen scoops him up. Cat call indeed.
Find out where the shop will be next at catcallcollective.com.


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"Song Of Silence"
Cynthia Ruchti
Lucy Tuttle is a dedicated music teacher, that is until she is force to retire early because her music program is being eliminated due to funding. She is finding it very difficult to handle this unexpected turn of events in her life. Her family doesn't seem to understand how difficult this is for her.
Her husband, Charlie who retired early, looks at it as a time for him and her to start a new adventure together, of all things he wants to raise earthworms.
Her life sums to only become more chaotic when her son marries a deaf girl with an autistic 4 year old son. On top of that they move in with Lucy and Charlie.
Their daughter, Olivia, is going back to school and has already moved back home.
Can things become more hectic? Yes. When he a misstep lands Lucy in the hospital and can take her song away from her.
Read this story and realize how God works everything out for our own good and be blessed.
I enjoyed this story very much. It showed how we should let God control our lives and to never give up hope. This was very well written and very true to life.
The emotions that Lucy had to work through were similar to how I felt when I had to give up teaching because we relocated. It was a grieving process that was hard for some to understand. Lucy's solution was an encouragement to me.
Read more about this book here.


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Gold Chamber Membership includes 4 free luncheons, one time 1/2 page ad in newsletter, window decal, logo on TooeleChamber.com with link to your website, and logo on powerpoint presentations at all luncheons.
Gold Membership includes:
• Logo & Link on Chamber Main Web Page
• Business Listing on Chamber Website (Alphabetical & Categorized)
• Links to your website from Chamber Website
• Free Monthly Newsletter
• New/Renewal Member listing in monthly newsletter
• Opportunity for articles in monthly newsletter
• Opportunity for advertising in monthly newsletter
• Introduction of Business in Newsletter
• Business After Hours events
• Monthly Luncheons (4 free)
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The Grill Market
Tucked behind a busy street in Reykjavik, The Grill Market provides a fresh representation of modern Icelandic tastes. The atmosphere is very lively and the service friendly. The menu offers an extensive selection of seafood and traditional meats to choose from. A great place for a relaxing night out.
A really exceptional experience! Dill was the best restaurant we visited in Reykjavik! The setting of the restaurant is similar to Atera or Chef's table at Brooklyn fare in New York. The chef is working in a central kitchen area, where he puts the finishing touches on his courses. Chef Gunnar Karl Gislason is faithful to traditional Icelandic tastes, but he delivers them with masterful modern cooking. He brilliantly combines flavors, textures, smells, and images to lead the guest in a trip through Icelandic land and sea. The freshest ingredients are used seasonally for his creations. He is a firm believer in using local purveyors, as he has demonstrated in his recent book. Dill is definitely creating its own imprint, giving Iceland a prominent position in the growing movement of the new Nordic cuisine! Deserts were very light but created a nice balance after the savory part of the menu. Service is amazing, with particular attention to detail. The chef often presents the food himself in an intimate experience. Definitely worth a trip to Reykjavik for a visit here!
Fish Market
Fish Market is housed in one of the central Reykjavík's oldest buildings. Chef Hrefna Rósa Sætran of the Icelandic National Culinary team has designed a menu using the freshest fish and meat of the season, cooking it simply in modern style. Dishes are based on Icelandic tastes, and some have a strong Asian influence. Most ingredients come directly from the farmers. Service is friendly and welcoming. The sweet part of the menu is light and playful. Overall a great experience!
February 2017


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New Untreated Oak - With No Creosote or Tar Treatment. Good quality rustic oak gardening sleepers. Square, Not holed, A Genuine Quality Sleeper, Long Lasting Hardwood Requires No Treatment.
Light Golden Brown to Grey (after appx 6 months will turn a silver/grey colour).
Price is per unit.
Sales Helpline 01794 322800
New Oak Railway Sleepers 200mm x 100mm x 2.4m
- Product Code: OAK20010024
- Availability: In Stock
- Ex Tax: £32.00


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Fall is almost here, and that means that a whole host of great fall activites are coming to Hendricks County.
My family visited our first this past weekend when we explored the Prairie Maze at McCloud Nature Park, 8518 N. Hughes Road, North Salem. We had a great time getting out in nature and exploring the local wildlife as we maneuvered our way around the maze.
If you haven't made it out to the Prairie Maze before, I highly recommend that you do. But before you make the trip, be sure to take a look at my seven tips for navigating the maze, so everyone in your family is sure to have a great time!
- McCloud Nature Park and the Prairie Maze are open from dawn to dusk. The maze is open through Oct. 31, and access to both the maze and the park is absolutely free!
- This year's maze is in the shape of an owl swooping down to grab its prey. Be sure to pick up a maze map at the Nature Center. If the Nature Center isn't open, you can find maps just outside the door. The park staff asks that you help conserve resources by returning your map when you've finished the maze.
- Walking through the maze means making a 3/4-mile hike -- and that's if you follow the correct path. We let the 5-year-old hold the map, which meant our hike was a little bit longer.
- While the maze is open to all ages, keep in mind that the path is not stroller-friendly. If you're bringing very young children, be prepared to carry them if they get tired. My 3-year-old walked the whole way, but he did request to be carried a few times. Younger children may have more fun exploring other areas of the park.
- Dress in layers. The air has been cool lately, but hiking the maze can cause you to work up a sweat, particularly on a sunny day. And as most Hoosiers know, Indiana weather can change quickly!
- Bring your camera! The prairie is full of gorgeous Indiana wildlife, including some of the most amazing flowers I've ever seen. More information about the prairie wildlife can be found on your maze map.
- Consider making the Prairie Maze part of a full day at the park. McCloud Nature Park offers great hiking trails, fishing, a Nature Center, a picnic area, and 232 acres of land to explore! Pack a lunch and spend a day away from it all, enjoying the beautiful Indiana autumn.
To find out more about the Prairie Maze and to plan your visit to McCloud Nature Park, check out the Hendricks County Parks website.


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Please review our Privacy Policy, which was changed on 4/10/2018 and can be found by clicking here.By navigating the website, you agree to the terms of the updated privacy policy
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GBC has been a part of the ACCO Brands family since 2005. As we continue to expand the products we offer you, our email domain will be changing from @gbc.com to @acco.com. Find answers to frequently asked questions about the impacts of this change below.
If you have additional questions on this email domain change that are not answered below, please click here to submit your question. A representative will respond to your question shortly.
The only change will be to placing orders via email. The new address will be firstname.lastname@example.com. Additionally, if you went through a sales representative to place an order, their email will now be @acco.com instead of @gbc.com.
Here is a quick summary of the ways to order:
No - your account will stay exactly as it is today. This email domain change does not impact any of your account setup. Pricing, credit limit and tax exempt status all remain in tact.
No - payments will continue to be sent to our ACCO accounts payable department. As a reminder, this address is:
ACCO Brands USA LLC
PO Box 203412
Dallas, TX 75320-3412
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Most types of furniture, small appliances, televisions with screens 37 inches or less, bed frames and unstained mattresses. While items must be in decent condition, Furniture Bank does steam clean them. The organization's pickup and delivery service is a social-purpose enterprise that employs people with limited job opportunities and helps fund the group's services. The pickup fee varies, usually starting at about $70. Items can also be dropped off at Furniture Bank, 25 Connell Court in Etobicoke. For more information and to arrange a pickup in the GTA, call 416-934-1229.
Tax receipts are issued for furniture. The group works with Toronto's Streets to Homes program as well as with 64 shelters and agencies serving abused women, refugee families, and at-risk youth. Visit furniturebank.org.
WishList: https://www.furniturebank.org
Small appliances, bicycles, computers, exercise equipment, sporting goods, stereos, toys, tools can be picked-up free at your home. Call 416-751-0553. Clothing, shoes, linens can be dropped off at Oasis boxes around the city. NOTE: Oct 15, 2018 – CURRENTLY no need for furniture or books, but check back.)
Donated items are either given to participants in Oasis's addiction recovery program or sold to help fund recovery services.
Website: http://www.clothingbank.ca/catsec_donate.inc
Table and chair sets, sideboards, dressers, night tables, desks, shelving units, coffee and end tables. Furniture is given to clients moving out of shelters or abused women. There's a pickup fee of $25 to $45 depending on location.
Website: https://www.reddoorshelter.ca/moving-program
Telephone: 416-915-5671 ext. 222.
Gently used clothing and household items such as dishes, pots and pans may also be needed. Call 416-915-5671 ext. 234.
Drop off is at the head office, 21 Carlaw Ave. in Toronto.


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Love Stories @ RomanceClass -
15 years of waiting
14 years ago I met this guy. His name was Travis. He was so sweet to me. At first it felt so forbidden because I was only 14 and he was 23. Right now, that doesn't seem like a big age difference.. but back then it did. I didn't care about the age difference and he didn't either. Our relationship was good from the beginning. The chemistry between us was unbelievable. I loved him so much and I knew that he loved me too. My parents seemed to like him after awhile, cuz he was alwayz at our place.. staying over. After 2 years, we talked about moving in together.. he had his own place then.
Then out of the blue he was gone. No phone call to me. His family said that he had to rush out to go see a sick aunt. I was getting worried after 2 weeks. He hadn't called. After 2 weeks, I was at the grocery store, and I seen him. I was smiling at him, walking towards him. He looked so sad.. so hopeless. But as I turned the corner, I noticed he was walking with a woman.. holding her hand. I just stood there, not knowing what to think, not knowing what to do. So I ran out of the store.
He got married 2 & a half months after that. I was crushed, heartbroken. So I just left it, tried to forget about him. But it was very hard to do. People kept telling me about him and his wife. This one time they said that his wife was trying to come after me with an axe. so eventually I moved to a different town. 5 years passed, and he showed up at my doorstep. Said he wanted to talk. My heart jumped at the sight of him. Although I thought I moved on,I never forgot him. I told him that I couldn't talk at the moment, so we met up in a coffee shop an hour later. So there we were sitting in the coffee shop, I asked him why he wanted to talk. All he said was that he was sorry for ever hurting me. I told him it was a long time ago and that I'd forgotten about it. But that was far from the truth. My heart still had that empty void where he used to be. I asked him why he did that. Said that he couldn't tell me but that he was sorry. I felt I couldn't take anymore. So I told him that I couldn't do this and I walked out the door. He followed me out, stopped me and said that he would explain. So we walked and talked. Said that his family went to go put him on the plane... said something about his sick aunt. And that it was arranged. His marriage was arranged. His family thought that I wasn't good enough for him.
He told me that he never loved his wife and that his marriage only lasted a year. And it was true that his wife wanted to kill me with an axe because he said my name in his sleep. His wife finally let him go because she finally realized that he would alwayz love me and not her. This was so much information to get all in one night. But he hurt me once already... and my heart was guarded toward him. And I had moved on. I was currently in a relationship where I was happy. And I told him that it took me a long time to heal my heart.. and that i was finally in a place where I was happy. Said that he understood. Then he started to walk me home. At my doorstep, he grabbed my hands and asked me to think about what he was asking me. To be with him again. I started to let go and turn toward the door. He grabbed me and put his arms around me and kissed me. For the love of God, I couldn't stop myself. And I knew I was kissing him with the same urgency as he was showing me. Until somewhere in the distant, I heard a door slam. I finally pulled away... said that I was sorry. but I just couldn't do this. I told him, if this is meant to be, then we'll meet again somewhere down the road. Then I walked into my house.. my heart broken all over again.
I tried to forget about him.. but no luck.. even when I met my husband, Travis was alwayz in my heart. I just couldn't forget about him. Well my marriage was doomed from the start I think. My husband and I were never close. So we had an agreement.. we'd stay together for the kids.. but we lead totally seperate lives.
About a year ago, I was walking down the street with my daughter. I noticed this face in a car that was driving by. A face so familiar. I stood there.. looking at the car. My heart jumped when it stopped. There he was.. getting out of the car.. walking towards me. It's like time stood still.. and there was no one there but us. He walked up to me and just hugged me. I hugged him back so hard.. like I never wanted to let go.
Since then, we had 15 years to make up for. My husband and I ended on good terms. So I got the love of my life back after 15 years. And our love isn't so forbidden anymore. What can I say.. my life is good.
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We had a wonderful time with family and Bud & Melissa are on their honeymoon! :)
Monday, December 14
The wedding...
Posted by Leah Manning at 9:06 PM
1 comments:
- Nikki said...
Great pictures, Leah!! Congrats to Bud(dy) and his new wife!
Also, LOVE the Christmas light pictures... it's so cool to see those palm trees all decked out and the fog definitely adds great drama... NICE work!! :)
Hope you have a great Christmas!!
- Dec 14, 2009, 11:02:00 PM
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Adelanto Hotel Rooms
About Booking Reservations at Adelanto, California Hotels - Traveling to Adelanto, CA for business or vacation? Book a luxury hotel or a cheap hotel for your stay in Adelanto, California. Adelanto has many hotels to choose from and you are sure to find a reservation that meets your needs. If you can't book a hotel that you want in Adelanto, try other California Hotels to book your reservation in United States.
Adelanto, CA hotels range in prices and rates. To book the right hotel for your business trip or vacation, Browse Adelanto Hotels. Adelanto has many attractions and points of interest that are well known around the world. There is lots of tradition and history in Adelanto, CA. Finding a cheap rates for a Adelanto hotel room is made easy at Hotel Room King. We showcase many affordable and luxury hotels at rates that may fit your budget or satisfy your needs. Book reservations for a Adelanto, CA hotel online at HotelRoomKing.com and don't forget our promo code (HBC2761) to earn a greater discount on hotel rates. Hotel Room King specializes in great rates and deals on all hotel rooms in Adelanto, California. Book reservations for hotels in Adelanto, CA online.


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Shock 4Way 3D: Customizable Virtual Desktop Manager With Awesome Transition Effects
Software that add multiple virtual desktops to Windows provide you with more work space without buying or attaching any extra displays. Virtual desktop tools are available in many functional forms; simple ones, such as mDesktop (an open-source application to enable up to 10 multiple virtual desktops on your screen with hotkey supported switching), and others with more focus on being an eye-candy to the users, like Blacksmith (a portable virtual desktop manager that lets users have the feel of Windows, Android and MAC OS X Lion operating systems with their corresponding transition styles). Today, we have another GUI-focused and slightly customizable virtual desktop management application called Shock 4Way 3D, which provides users with four virtual desktop screens and switches between them in a beautiful 3D interface. The application supports switching through hotkeys and has a very user friendly Screen Manager. Keep on reading after the break to find out more about Shock 4Way 3D.
Four different work spaces are available to for your use which can be used to open different windows on each virtual screen. This allows you to work with multiple applications and windows, and still avoid having clutter on your desktop. The application supports switching between the four screens using hotkeys. By default, the combination of Ctrl + Alt + 1, 2, 3, 4 lets you switch between the four virtual desktops. The switching transition looks very cool due to the 3D effect added for it.
Other than the hotkeys, the screen switching, as well as other functions, such as accessing the Screen Manager or changing the language of the program can also be done through its system tray menu.
The Screen Manager allows you easy drag/ drop management of applications for sending them to different screens.
The Options dialog box has Effect, Global Program, Hot Key and Wallpaper tabs at the top. The Effects tab lets you specify the Foreground Effect, animation Effect and Background Effect. Global Programs allows you to choose applications to be available on all desktops, while Hot Key lets you set custom combinations for hotkeys.
In the Wallpaper tab, you can choose a different wallpaper for each of the four virtual screens. Shock 4Way 3D also lets you choose a different background color and style (Center, Tile and Stretch) for each of the four virtual screens.
Shock 4Way 3D works on both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows 2003, Windows Vista and Windows 7.
Download Shock 4Way 3D