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Should We Care About Organic
Anna Bronnes recently published on Ecosalon a link-bait article—with good intentions—that unfortunately fell a bit flat.
I entirely agree with the intention:
In the modern age, if you are able to comfortably put food on the table, it is inexcusable to not think about what you are eating.
But, the article lacks significant information to help those wishing to become more informed about the food system. It also, subtly, suggests devaluing what "Organic" labels actually represent.
Thinking About What You're Eating
Anna Brones brings up a good point that personal health is not the only reason to consider Organic—or to question your food in general:
Food cannot be reduced to single elements. It's not just about antioxidants or carbohydrates or omega 3s. Food is a process, a compilation of nutrition, environment and experience.
So, what is it about? What should people be aware of? What are the impacts of food production, and how can I as a consumer influence those impacts? The issues surrounding producing and consuming food can be pretty comfortably categorized into the following (I'm ignoring health for now):
- Social How are the workers treated?
- Environmental Can the environment sustain the current production, and for how long?
- Ethical How are the Livestock treated?
- Economical How is the increased price distributed?
But, if you're unaware of current negative issues surrounding food production, then it's easy to give each of those questions the benefit of the doubt. But, with mistreated migrant workers in British Columbia, monocultures and their negative long-term yield variability, Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizers actually depleting soil nitrogen levels and how rising energy costs affects food costs (PDF), there are plenty of issues to be concerned about.
Some Thoughts on Organic
I'm sure Anna means no harm, but when she says "Slap the big O on anything and you're sure to attract a certain demographic." Her tone and and adjective devalue the significance of Organic, and what small-to-medium farmers endure to gain that status. In Canada and the US, gaining Organic Certification is no simple matter, nor is it cheap. We, should respect that the Farmers' are being more thoughtful of how they choose to produce.
Organic, is not a perfect indicator of a good product, but it is a highly controlled word, with many positive attributes associated with it. And, when you do reach that point when Organic is not a good enough indicator for good food you can look into bio-dynamic farming, permaculture, Fairtrade, Community-Support Agriculture etc.
Really, there is just so much to learn when it comes to producing and consuming food! And, Anna is right:
If we are going to move the food system forward, in a progressive and sustainable manner, we have to be asking the hard questions, and that takes more than just reading a headline.
In response to: http://ecosalon.com/foodie-underground-addressing-the-organic-myth/


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Push to Talk Buttons
We have several Push to Talk (PTT) buttons to suit your build. Female PTT's are for use with our Elite 4 Link Pro Intercoms. Male PTT's are for use with single seat harnesses and Comlink 10 Intercoms. They can also be used with the 4 Link Pro Intercoms, but will require a gender changer.

subset: commoncrawl


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Elementary & Secondary Education
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) is the federal law that seeks to support low-income, minority, and disadvantaged students. Originally passed in 1965 in response to the civil rights movement of the early 1960's, the law was originally designed to be reauthorized—updated—every five years.
From 2001 to 2015, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) iteration of ESEA determined how public schools served students nationally. NCLB emphasized a high-stakes testing culture and tied teacher performance to student outcomes. When ESEA was reauthorized in December 2015, the new Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) changed public education by shifting power and autonomy from the federal government to state governments. Under ESSA, states and local districts now have greater flexibility for state and local innovation, providing significant flexibility to our states and local districts. Throughout the reauthorization and implementation process, NIEA has fought for greater tribal participation in educating Native students. ESSA includes several Native specific provisions that support these efforts.
NCLB vs ESSA: Side-by-Side Comparison of Indian Education Titles
NIEA has developed two side-by-side documents, which compare Title VII under No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and Title VI in the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). Both documents are organized in tables that outline the implications for Native education.
The shorter version summarizes major changes that impact Native education from NCLB to ESSA. To view the condensedside-by-side summary of Native education titles, please click here.
The longer version is a line-by-line comparison of both NCLB and ESSA. To view the more detailed document accounting differences in the Native education titles of both laws, please click here.
NIEA hosted a webinar outlining key changes to the Indian Education Title in ESSA and how the new law will impact Native students. To view the webinar on the national impact of ESSA, please click here.
If you are interested in viewing NIEA webinars about ESSA implementation at the state and local levels, please click here.
NIEA, in partnership with the Alliance for Excellent Education, has created informational fact sheets outlining major changes to ESSA as well as information on the major wins for Native Communities that are included in this bill. These documents are provided free of charge and are copyrighted by NIEA. The fact sheets below are for instructional and educational purposes and may not be altered without the explicit consent of NIEA.
Accountability Chart
Senate Comparison Chart
High Schools
Alaska Native Education
STEP and CA
Native Hawaiian Education
Language Immersion
Bureau of Indian Education (BIE)
Impact Aid


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Wondering what I've been up to recently? Check out the Crafty Dodo on Instagram for all my latest makes and creations! Visit: https://www.instagram.com/craftydodo/ Continue reading
DIY Easy Lavender Hearts
I've made lavender hearts a few times before, but on this occasion I wanted a really quick and easy way to make them so that I could make quite a few as favours for a party. So I worked on a version that requires minimal hand sewing (just to attach the roses at the end), and … Continue reading
DIY Quilted Christmas Stocking
Don't worry! A whole year hasn't slipped by again without you noticing – it's not Christmas yet! But I couldn't share this project before as it was a present and I just couldn't wait another year to share it! I made this stocking using the Makower printed fabric panels. They're a quick, easy way to … Continue reading
DIY children's fleece scarf with pockets
I loved making this scarf for my nephew (it's going to be an early Christmas present) and it's so quick and easy there's plenty of time for you to make one too! They make lovely gifts and can be made from start to finish in just one hour! All you need is 1/2 metre of … Continue reading
A season out of sync
My winter cape is finished! Hoorah! Oh wait… it's May. Somehow I'm always at least one season behind my knitting schedule. How is that? I certainly start with the best intentions but somehow I end up with heavy knitwear in summer and crochet bikinis in winter… It's probably best not to even mention that half-done … Continue reading
Family Effort
In 2012 my mum and I saw the Alan Dart Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe pattern in a issue of Simply Knitting and thought it would be the perfect gift for a new addition to the family; the start of a new generation. Four years later and I'm an aunt, my mum is a granny and … Continue reading
Moments in Marrakech
I do quite a bit of travelling (those plane journeys are just great opportunities for knitting!), but it's not normally something I record on my blog. However, for Marrakech I just had to make an exception. I went for a long weekend (four nights) at the end of January and had the most amazing time. … Continue reading


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At some point there must be a more creative way to discern between the Pink Tent posts! This will be short, like our meeting. It was a dark and rainy night. There were late cookie deliveries and two frenetic, stressed out leaders and there were 6 girls waiting… This time the girls were a bit less trepidacious than at our first meeting but there was still a bit of tension. We opened… Read More
A few months ago a friend told me about a dream she'd had. In her dream we were teaching a sex-ed class for the girls at our homeschool co-op. I must have blinked like a giant owl because I had been mulling and praying and thinking on this very topic for quite a while. I may have lit a candle to call in the partner I would need in this venture because… Read More


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A few months back, I got my hands on a Raspberry Pi. As soon as i got it, I realised I didn't have a use for it.
Then a week back, I had a pair of MyVu Solo's. Sure, they're not exactly the latest and greatest in Personal Media Viewers, but they would serve the purpose of displaying information.
The problem though, is (apart from looking ridiculous), they completely occluded my vision when I put them on.
So I've hacked them apart, and am in the process of turning them into a monocular display.
Here's how I did it (and as far as I can tell, I'm the only person who didn't destroy bits in the process)
Start by removing the shiny black plastic from the front. Just slip a guitar pick or spudger into the gap near the arms on either side, and it'll pop off.
Then remove the 4 torx screws. Two of them are hidden behind little plastic plugs. You'll need to pry these out before you can get to the screws.
The whole thing should come apart. Two arms, the top and bottom frame, and the optical assembly.
On either end of the assembly, you'll find a circuit board. These are linked with a strip of Flat Ribbon cable. Its easiest to work with if you remove the ribbon cable by lifting the tabs on the sockets on either side and sliding it free.
Then you'll need to cut away at the glue that's holding the micro LCD's into place on the side of the assemblies. A sharp knife works well. Be patient. Take both ends off, they just slide free once the glue has been removed.
Now you've got almost everything apart. You'll notice there's the actual optic in the optics assembly, which you'll need to remove.
Unfortunately, this is where you have to cut stuff. They've really stick this bit together. I carefully cut along the edge, and once I made it through, the optic just fell right out. Be gentle, you don't want to break the little mirror.
Now you'll need to liberate the cable from the left arm. Which is pretty simple if you start from the back where the cable enters the arm, and work forwards. There are a few clips that you need to get past, and then it just splits in two.
To make a monocular display, you need the left LCD, and an optic. I put black tape over parts of mine to prevent light leakage and to neaten it up a bit. I'm using a little bit of tape to keep them together until I can find a more elegant way of holding the whole lot together.
I used the left LCD for two reasons
- All the cabling comes into the left LCD
- The left cabling includes an earphone
Now for those who have been following along at home. You'll realise that nothing turns on when you apply input. This is because the backlights in the two LCD were wired in series. Test this by temporarily reconnecting the Flat ribbon cable between the two LCD.
To work around this, you need to short out pins 2 and 3 on the Flat ribbon connector. Those two pins are for the Right LCD backlight LED.
A quick application of more black tape, and I ended up with a fairly robust unit which I intend on using for testing.
The original battery pendant is still on the other end of the cable, so it should function perfectly.


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Jim Walsh, Chief Technology Officer, GlobalLogic honed his leadership skills working with a number of innovation leaders including Apple Computers where he worked with Steve Jobs, Rational (now IBM), and NeXT Software. In an interview with ETCIO.com he speaks on the enterprise IT trends and the need for enterprises to invest in Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine to Machine (M2M) technologies.
What are the trends that are shaping IT adoption from an enterprise perspective? As a development services company, how are you trying to bank on the trends?
In the last three to four years we have observed that non-traditional IT companies are working with us to develop products that they can use for themselves. Some examples here include brick and mortar retailers, agri-business etc. In other words, companies that were not associated with software development are now beginning to catch the trend. Every business realizes that they need to become a software business. The whole digital transformation or disruption is driving enterprises to focus more and more in creating software to match pace with the outside world and how it communicates.
For example, we have been working with some of the traditional automotive companies on the dealership of the future. In the physical world of brick and mortar automotive dealership, they need first-rate metrics and statistics in real-time about their products on the similar lines of online e-commerce players.
We have made investments in reference architectures, and we have reusable components that are available for free to customers in areas like IoT that is really crucial for omnichannel retail, in vehicle entertainment software for automotive etc.
Q] IoT and M2M have the power to transform the way we live and work, creating both opportunities and challenges for companies, governments and consumers across every industry. Your views.
There is a distinction between IoT and M2M. In IoT, the intelligence must reside in the network or in the device itself. It's this "intelligence" to make context aware real-time decisions that imputes meaning to the data supplied by the sensors, and decides how to act on it, whereas M2M doesn't include that kind of analytics.
People who have power in an organization are the ones who are generating revenue today for their business. Many think that any change in their revenue model or any future investment in revenue generating activities is essentially a threat to their current steps.
Successful companies have reached ahead of competition because of their business or technology strategy. Companies cannot afford to be complacent and if they have a mindset of not investing in new technologies their businesses will be threatened. So it is extremely important for business leaders who generate today's revenue to invest in future technologies like IoT and M2M.
Q] Can you share some examples of innovation being delivered out of India to companies?
In terms of IoT we have done some work in the online education space using machine learning algorithms. We are doing a lot on analytics based software in our Noida facility, and also working with one of the leading telco in India on their initiative of connected car that is delivered out of our Nagpur unit. In the connected vehicle space, we are doing some real- time machine learning and analytics out of our Bengaluru facility.
Q] How are you combining your design and innovation capabilities to your core technology R&D offering, to help enterprises bring innovation to their customers?
There has never been a better time to develop powerful real-time, analytically enabled solutions. This makes it a very exciting time to be in the product development services business. Over 50 percent of the Fortune 500 companies that existed in the year 2000 are no longer there in the list. One needs to be a customer centric and software centric in today's business to survive or take the risk of being eliminated.
With the digital disruption many market leaders are experiencing threat from newer entrants or from fast paced digital movers. Customers now expect advanced technology and design elegance in the same package.
We have a design subsidiary called Method where we help customers start with a blank blackboard and where they can come up with their own ideas. In a way we help solve business challenges through design thinking and create inspired products, services and brand experiences that engage customers. We partner with them to design, develop, architect and implement the idea.


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macosxhints.com – Automatically mount shares based on location:
One thing that frequently bothered me about OS X was the lack of any way to automatically mount Windows file shares.
It annoys me too. Especially since I prefer to close my iBook when I plan to leave it for awhile.
I did create an Automator script to connect to my shares, but Automator is so slow and clunky. It's nice to have an AppleScript alternative.
Thanks smanek.


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Yvette Cooper MP
Pontefract Immigration Meeting
Event Information
In the June referendum the majority of people across Britain and in this area voted to leave the EU. The result must be respected; that's why I voted in Parliament to trigger Article 50.
As part of the Brexit negotiation, immigration rules are likely to change but so far the Government has not consulted anyone on what the new rules should be. Some Government Ministers are arguing that Britain should continue with free movement, other Ministers are arguing that there should be hardly any immigration at all. But I want to know what you think.
Personally I have long argued for changes to free movement. I think immigration is important for Britain but that's why it needs to be controlled and managed so the system is fair. But I want to know what you think about different kinds of immigration (eg students, doctors coming to work in our NHS, low skilled immigration, illegal immigration) and what new rules we should be arguing for.
I believe we need a serious public debate across the country on what the new immigration rules should be and I have organised for the Parliamentary Home Affairs Committee that I chair to hold public meetings across the country to discuss detailed options.
As part of that I'm holding a meeting here in Pontefract and I'd love it if you'd come along and have your say. It's a chance to have a sensible, thoughtful discussion about what kinds of immigration rules we should have in the future to benefit Britain - and what we want out of the Brexit negotiations.
The details are:
WHERE: St Marys Community Centre, The Circle, Chequerfield, Pontefract WF8 2AY
WHEN: Friday 10th March, 4pm
It's important you tell us if you are thinking of coming so we know we've got enough space for everyone. I want everyone to have the chance to have their say so please do RSVP even if you aren't sure whether you can make it.
March 10, 2017 at 4pm - 5:30pm
St Marys Community Centre,
St Marys Community Centre,
The Circle, Chequerfield,
Pontefract WF8 2AY
United Kingdom
Google map and directions
Contact Details
Amelia Tighe


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About ThinkGP
The medical world is an ever changing sphere that calls for GPs and allied health professionals to remain up-to-date with the latest developments in primary healthcare. Created to meet the needs of busy healthcare professionals, ThinkGP provides access to a broad range of RACGP and ACRRM accredited online educational activities – free, online, anytime.
ThinkGP is the brainchild of Dr John Crimmins, a veteran general practitioner with over 25 years of experience treating patients from the urban jungle of Sydney city to the lush wilderness of Dorrigo in Northern NSW. Fast forward and ThinkGP has grown to include over 47,000 GPs, practice nurses and managers, registrars and allied health professionals, awarding over 250,000 QI&CPD points to RACGP and ACRRM members in the 2014-16 triennium alone.
Learn your way with a range of educational mediums: educational modules & ALMs, clinical audits, informative videos, thorough guides & thought-provoking blogs


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In this case, the Court made it very clear that any arrangement which detracts from the ability of regulators or law enforcement authorities to identify beneficial owners of companies, or beneficiaries of trusts, would not be recognised on grounds of public policy.
The parties to the case were a divorced couple who had been married in the United Arab Emirates under Sharia law in 2002 and subsequently divorced according to the laws of the United Arab Emirates in early 2015.
The dispute between them was as to the beneficial ownership of two Jersey companies: First Grade Properties Limited (First Grade) and Jorum Limited (Jorum) (together the Companies). The Companies were incorporated in 2007 (during the marriage) and owned UK property.
The evidence showed that the information given to the company incorporation agents in Jersey and to the JFSC showed that the owner of the Companies on incorporation would be the former wife (Rouzin). The banking documentation also showed this to be the case, and board minutes of the Companies recorded Rouzin as being the beneficial owner.
However, the former husband (Essam) asserted that he was the ultimate beneficial owner of the shares in the Companies and that Rouzin held the shares as his nominee on the basis of an oral agreement or understanding between the two of them. In support of his case, Essam argued that he provided finance to the Companies both directly and by his negotiation of loans to the Companies from banks, which he personally guaranteed. He was also granted a power of attorney to act on Rouzin's behalf in relation to (among other things) the Companies.
Essam also sought to argue that the shares were either held on trust for him, or that Rouzin had been unjustly enriched and should account to him for that (Trust Claims).
The Judgment
The Court confirmed that the burden of proof lay upon Essam to show that he was the beneficial owner of the Companies, and concluded that he had not done so.
On the evidence, the Court was not satisfied that there was any agreement by Rouzin to hold the shares as nominee. In any event, in this regard the Court also noted that in Jersey there is a rebuttable presumption that family arrangements do not create legally binding contracts and no such legally binding contract was suggested here.
The Court also rejected the Trust Claims.
- No trust could have arisen on incorporation, as the Court did not believe that Essam would have misled the JFSC as to who the beneficial owner was intended to be. The suggestion that the Power of Attorney gave Essam a power of disposition of the shares was also rejected: he could not use the Power of Attorney to dispose of Rouzin's beneficial interest without her consent..
- No "resulting trust" arose (a type of implied trust that may arise where property is transferred for no consideration in circumstances where there is no presumption of advancement). Here, no property had been transferred – Essam had not "transferred" the shares to Rouzin - and in any event a presumption of advancement arises between a husband and wife.
- No "constructive trust" arose (a type of implied trust that may arise where (a) someone makes or receives a gain from a breach of trust; or (b) equity operates on the conscience of the legal owner by reason of their unconscionable conduct). As Essam had not established his case for an express trust or nominee agreement, the constructive trust claim necessarily failed as there was no inequitable conduct to found such a claim.
- While Rouzin had undoubtedly been enriched, given that she made no financial contribution to the acquisition of the UK properties or the incorporation of the Companies, the enrichment was not unjust. The Court accepted Rouzin's explanation that the incorporation of the Companies and the acquisition of the properties was carried out so as to secure Rouzin's future. Rouzin and Essam had briefly separated in 2005 after Essam had an affair, and Rouzin only agreed to take Essam back if her future was secured. Thus it was that the shares in the companies were issued to her and finance provided.
The Royal Court also noted that it would not, in any event, have upheld such an arrangement on the basis that it would be contrary to public policy. The Court considered the test set out in the UK Supreme Court decision of Patel v Mirza [2016] 3 WLR 399 in relation to whether or not to uphold an illegal agreement. The Supreme Court had stated that the Court should assess whether the public interest would be harmed by the enforcement of the illegal agreement, which in turn requires consideration of the underlying purpose of the prohibition which has been broken, and whether those purposes would be enhanced by the denial of the claim.
On Essam's case the JFSC was apparently deliberately given incorrect information. The Court noted that a dishonest failure to make complete and accurate answers to incorporation questionnaires would amount to a criminal offence.
The Court stated that:
"There is a public interest – a very strong public interest – in the Island being able to demonstrate that it has the ability to identify the beneficial owners of companies, or the beneficiaries under trusts. In our judgment the Court should not recognise any arrangement which detracts from the ability of regulators or law enforcement authorities to do so …".
As the Court noted, it is vital to the Island's international reputation that the Island's regulators and law enforcement authorities are able to identify the persons beneficially entitled under trusts, foundations, companies or limited partnerships. The Island's regulatory and enforcement systems have been examined at least twice by the International Monetary Fund and once by Moneyval in the last eleven years, and on each occasion the investigating body has been completely satisfied in this regard.
This judgment sends a very clear message that the Jersey Court will not allow those regulatory and enforcement systems to be undermined by arrangements designed to mislead the relevant authorities. Moreover, the judgment reiterates that anyone attempting to do so faces criminal sanction.


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The Spine Center delivers optimal spine care by providing whole body assessment and treatment.
Spine care may include a range of evidence-based treatments ranging from physical therapy to more aggressive, non-surgical management. If necessary, delicate spine surgery can be tailored to meet your unique condition.
Our team approach may include experts from:
Spine Center patients tend to experience better clinical outcomes, quicker and more efficient care, reduced medical expenses and less time seeking care.


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Time-in-grade (TIG) and time-in-service (TIS) points in active duty enlisted promotion consideration will be eliminated beginning with the Air Force 17E7 master sergeant promotion cycle and all future promotion cycles. The elimination of TIG/TIS points is effective with 17E7, 17E6, 17E5 and 17E9 promotion cycles. Airmen will continue to complete their WAPS testing and have their test scores combined with their other weighted factors. Additional details regarding WAPS and enlisted promotions are available on myPers. Click the Promotion link from the active duty enlisted landing page or select "Active Duty AF Enlisted" from the dropdown menu and search "WAPS."
For more Air Force news, visit the Military.com Air Force section. How much would you make with a promotion? For pay charts and more on military pay, visit the Military.com Pay section.


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Create an Account - Increase your productivity, customize your experience, and engage in information you care about.
February 22, 2019, 9:00 AM - 3:00 PM @ Farragut Town Hall
No appointment necessary-assistance is free. Volunteers will complete and e-file IRS tax returns for lower income and senior taxpayers. Taxpayers should bring wage and earnings statements (form W-2 and form 1099-MISC); interest, dividend, capital gains, pension, IRA and social security statements; a list of items for itemized deductions, support for other income and credits and a copy of last year's tax return. Please bring social security cards for all persons listed on return.
Sponsored by the Town of Farragut and the Internal Revenue Service.


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UK/France – Iran/nuclear issue – Israel/peace flotilla
Paris, June 6, 2010
THE MINISTER – Good evening. It has been my pleasure to receive my colleague, William Hague, United Kingdom Foreign Secretary. I'm very satisfied with the meeting I had with him and pleased that he thought of visiting our country before going to Rome and other European countries. We discussed – I'll leave it to him to give you the list and perhaps talk about them in greater detail – a number of subjects of interest to both the United Kingdom and France, which – unfortunately! – have been current issues for years.
We talked about Afghanistan, Somalia, the Middle East and Europe, and we discussed the programme for the next meeting of the foreign affairs ministers. We also talked about the part we could both play. So I'll let William Hague tell you about that.
I was very happy and I thank William very much for visiting us, for this sincere discussion. We have common interests in all the issues that we mentioned. Once again, welcome to you and your team!
Q. – Concerning Iran, can you confirm that there will be a vote in the UN this week?
THE MINISTER – I don't know, we were supposed to present a joint text on 13 June. We were to, we had hoped that the vote could take place on 13 June, but this is also dependent on the response that those involved have to give to the International Atomic Energy Agency. This does not apply to our British friends, but to the Russians, Americans and French who were to respond to the letter the Iranians, Brazilians and Turks sent to the Agency.
We have this letter, it's ready. There may be some delays but, give or take a few days, the letter should be sent and the resolution presented in the Security Council next week.
Q. – Is the reply negative for the three countries you mentioned, the United States, France and Russia? Is it a negative reply to the IAEA letter?
THE MINISTER – Wait for the letter! I don't think it's too positive but, please, let's first allow an agreement to be reached.
Q. – Israel announced today that she would refuse any independent international investigation after what happened with the flotilla. I would like to know your reaction to these statements.
THE MINISTER – Yes, William and I talked about the question of the necessary investigation. I share the feeling of my British colleague. I'll also say that this investigation is necessarily international because several nations are involved. We pointed out that because it was the United Nations, it was up to the United Nations Secretary-General to choose the type of investigation. We talked about the International Red Cross and an inquiry that would be led by the United Nations but with a number of participants, who would need to be leading international figures. That's where we are and we think that it's very much in the interest of our Israeli friends that there should be a broad inquiry and therefore a necessarily international inquiry. It's up to them to respond now. I believe that a fairly detailed proposal has been made by the Americans, French and United Nations. The response from our British friends is along the same lines.
Secondly, and perhaps most importantly, Gaza's situation is not tenable. Gaza's situation is untenable for the people who have been under siege there for so long. And who benefits from all that? The people who supply the tunnels, those who tax the products coming in, and things can't go on like this.
I understand the need for arms control, William has just talked about this, we must all understand why there must be no more arms in this enclosed Gaza Strip. As you know, the European Union was given the task some time ago of monitoring the Rafah crossing: we can propose that the European Union reactivate the monitoring of the crossing. We can also easily monitor the cargoes of boats heading for Gaza. We can do this, we want to do it and we would do it very willingly. The European Union has to be more involved than it is, it does a lot, but it should be even more practically, politically and materially involved in the road to peace, taking advantage of the continuation of the proximity talks that must, I hope, go on producing positive elements.
There you are. These two proposals are made by the two British and French ministers. We must deal with this dramatic crisis, which has been a real shock for public opinion, so as to move forward on the road to peace.
Q. – (on the symbolic weight of the statements against Israel)
THE MINISTER – We don't just make statements, sorry. Two years after the Paris Conference, we're continuing, together with the Palestinian Prime Minister, Salam Fayyad, to put forward and develop projects.
Precisely in Gaza, we are conducting specific projects such as the Al Quds Hospital project, and the programme to install treatment plants in Betlaya. There are many projects, and they aren't just statements. We don't wish to offend anyone, but we, the whole world, are completely convinced and in agreement that the solution is to establish two States. We know the procedure, the path to follow, what are we waiting for? (…)./.


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The first thing to understand is that today social media is at least as important as a regular website, and in many cases much more so. If someone hears about a service, product or person and want to know more, then it's very common for them to search first on social media sites. This is a crucial stage of building trust and likeability in today's climate.
When talking about SEO, or search engine optimisation, you're trying to rank as highly as possible in search engines. So within social media websites, you have another need to maximise your rankings. Each social media platform has its own search, and you want to make sure any pages which promote your business and link to your main website are going to come up highly.
If you were running a chain of restaurants in Melbourne, for example, and your website was set up to rank highly in the main search engines, then you have a good chance of growing your customer base. However, if you are promoting throughout the social media platforms including Facebook, Twitter, and also more restaurant specific websites and apps, then you are taking advantage of far more opportunities. People are searching throughout social media, and sharing experiences with family, friends and other visitors. All of these actions are constantly dynamic, and these existing platforms are there to be taken advantage of. They can quickly build trust and powerfully spread the word about your business.
With your Melbourne restaurants therefore, the people of Melbourne would come to know your brand as a household name simply through using the same apps and websites they normally use, and then perhaps they would go and have a look at your main website too. It's an essential part of marketing in today's world, as people now take it for granted that they should be able to easily find a business on their favourite social media platform. The better your SEO is integrated and connected to those platforms, then the more powerfully you are taking advantage of this ongoing, and often free, set of resources.


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Category Archives: OB/Gyn
Medical Minute: Resuscitation in PregnancyLeave a comment
July 10, 2014 by dailybolusoflr
By Erik Verzemnieks, MD Cardiac arrest in pregnancy is rare, occurring in estimated 1/30,000 deliveries. Maternal physiology and body habitus …
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Medical Minute: Perimortem C-SectionLeave a comment
July 8, 2014 by dailybolusoflr
Medical Minute: Perimortem C-Section by ErikVerzemnieks, MD Perimortem cesarean represents one of the most infrequent procedures performed by the emergency …
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Daily Bolus of LR: Umbilical Cord ProlapseLeave a comment
November 16, 2011 by dailybolusoflr
Umbilical Cord Prolapse · Is an uncommon obstetrical emergency · The umbilical cord presents either alongside or beyond the presenting …
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Daily Bolus of LR: Use of progesterone in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancyLeave a comment
October 6, 2011 by dailybolusoflr
Use of progesterone in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy- not as helpful as you would hope! · Progesterone as …
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Daily Bolus of LR: Investigating PE in PregnancyLeave a comment
September 28, 2011 by dailybolusoflr
Investigating PE in Pregnancy · The decision as to which imaging test to perform to diagnose PE in pregnancy …
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Daily Bolus of LR: Localized Gonococcal InfectionLeave a comment
July 7, 2011 by dailybolusoflr
Localized Gonococcal Infections · N. gonorrhea is the 2nd most common cause of STD infections in the US · …
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Armenian stamps, created by applying handstamped overprints on Tsarists stamps, were used as base stamps for issues in Georgia and Transcaucasia. A further overprint was applied to create a new issue.
In case of the Transcaucasian issue in April 1923 a star overprint was used.
The stamp shown features an E.6 type framed Z overprint. On the back side is a genuine mark of the Soviet Philatelic Association which shines through at the lower right corner. The stamps with the star overprints where used mostly in Baku since there was a shortage of stamps at this time. A couple of different Armenian stamps with star overprints exist. Like most material from that time the star overprints have been massively forged. The historical circumstances of the star issue (remaining stock from all three members of the Federation were requested and sent to Tiflis for overprinting/stamping) suggest that no over the counter productions or rare overprints were used. If you find unusual overprints in unusual colors, it is most likely fake.
The Georgians used Armenian stamps as part of a somewhat "enigmatic" (like Ceresa called it) issue in 1923. It probably was an emergency issue and so far has been only reported to be used in Tiflis.
One of the open questions about this issue is why the overprint is only 15.000 rubles when postal rates at this time go from 75.000 rubles for a local postcard to 500.000 rubles for a foreign registered letter [Ceresa]. The Liapin catalog (which represents Zakiyans research) as well as Ceresa only list the 15.000 rubles overprint on the 5r HH on 15 Kopeck. Other combinations are most likely fake. If you own those please send me a scan. Even if the chance is very slim, it is still possible combinations exist that were previously not known.
Here are scans I got from a reader of this blog which show unusual Armenian overprints (red ink!) and are fake.


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Canon Printer Repair Service in Dubai Abu Dhabi UAE
Gone are those days when writing was the only option to make copies of documents. Today by just a few clicks you can print as many copies as you want. With various brands present in the market, it becomes difficult for a person to select an option. With innovative design and state of the art features, Canon Printer Repair In our UAE Service has always stayed ahead of its competitors in providing class apart products. With the latest Pixma series they have captured the whole market. But issues are inevitable as they can come up at any time. To resolve these problems, you will require a specialist who has experience in handling these situations. We at UAE Technician provide quality printer repair services which are efficient and affordable in Dubai Abu Dhabi and all over UAE.
Our motive is to provide you convenient services which is why we have designed a system of round the clock customer support. By contacting our helpline, you can get assistance as well as advice from our experts within minutes of calling. Now you don't have to wait for office hours to begin, as you can get solutions on the 24×7 basis.
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Experience of working on different cases and expertise of our professionals are the contributors to our success which we have gained in printer repair industry. In entire Dubai, we have served several customers with the same excellence in service which we promise. We understand that with the changing technological environment, issues also become more complex. To keep our specialists ahead of all the advances, we train them regularly so that they can deliver you with efficiency. Following are the areas related to printers in which we can guide you:
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Sometimes these issues can halt your work for a long time and poor service can increase the frequency of occurrence. Here you need to be careful while choosing a service partner. We recognize that quick response is the key to quality customer service which is why we offer onsite assistance. By contacting us through our helpline, you can book an appointment with our technicians. They will visit your place as per the time which you will choose. If the machine requires treatments which can only be given in a facility, then we will arrange the pickup. After fixing the equipment, we will deliver the same at your choice of location. Now you don't have to worry about finding a repair center near you for Canon printers as we will provide solutions at your doorstep.
We thrive on customer satisfaction and productive solutions
It is essential to evaluate some factors before selecting a service provider. Quick response time, budget-friendly price quotes, on-time delivery, and quality consumer support are some of the benchmarks on which we have developed our solutions. With us, not only you will get services but will also have some benefits if we become your service partner. Following are the perks which we present to our clients:
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We know that it is very challenging for a user to trust a local service provider. Give our professionals a chance to serve you with services which you deserve. We will make sure that you get the same quality which we promise in our every transaction.


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Mark you calendars. Beginning on the 15th of December through March 11, 2012, Cocktail Culture opens at the Norton Museum of Art. The show travels through decades of history beginning with Jazz Age flappers of the 1920's to the disco queens of the 1970's.
Each decade features a different cocktail with names like Filmograph, Facinator, Income Tax, Palm Beach, Jewel and the Tuxedo. The exhibition includes items that are uniquely connected to Palm Beach's cocktail culture. A black silk taffeta 1950's dress by long-time Palm Beach resident and respected custom dressmaker Philip Hulitar reflects the "New Look" silhouette.
Aside from the clothes, there are objects and accessories that were created for use during the cocktail hour. They include a Tiffany & Co. sterling silver cocktail set originally designed for the 1939 World's Fair, a Van Cleef and Arpels blue enamel and jade compact and a variety of items from the iconic Stork Club such as a whimsical top-hat-and-canes champagne bucket from the 1930's.
The show features more than 150 objects that may just trigger a renaissance of glamouros gals, sexy men and delicious cocktails gently stirred not shaken.


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Current Account Imbalances – What do they mean?
In 2008 the world economy went through what is known as the global financial crisis (GFC). A lot of commentators had forecasted the GFC but there was a common assumption that the crisis would be caused by persistent current account imbalances. However it was poor regulation of financial markets and excessive risk-taking that were the root cause of the crisis and not current account imbalances. This becomes apparent when you look at how deficit and surplus countries were impacted by the GFC:
Eurozone – current account deficit countries went through a major recession
Australia had a consistent current account deficit – averaging 4% of GDP – but went through the crisis years without experiencing a recession. Australia has to thank China's insatiable demand for natural resources.
Switzerland had significant current account surpluses which has averaged 7.8% since 1981 – peaked 14.9% in 2010 – but the GFC had a major impact on its economy. This was mainly because it hit the country's two biggest banks.
What do current account imbalances mean?
Current accounts are endogenous in nature, driven by numerous factors. However many commentators tend to take a very simplistic view of what causes a deficit. A good example of this is Donald Trump's accusation of Germany's current account surplus being funded by America's deficit and the assumption that reducing German's surplus will improve America's deficit. This rationale would mean that the US deficit is exogenous and the German surplus is endogenous.
Furthermore some have challenged the view that Germany's surplus reflects the country's superior productivity and stagnant wage growth. Although German does have high earnings from overseas it is what Germany does with these surpluses that is the issue – rather than spend on imports, which would reduce the current account deficit, it saves a large part of these surpluses.
The definition of the current account balance found in most textbooks is the difference between export earnings and import payments of the 4 accounts – Goods, Services, Income and Transfers. This tends us to focus on the comparative advantage that a country may have and it dependence on certain imports. According to Paul Krugman competitiveness encompasses not only prices of goods and services, but also their quality, production costs, and how they are delivered in the market place. Furthermore a firms' business strategies and the labour market impact greatly on price competitiveness.
But if you just focus on prices it is difficult to comprehend why Switzerland retains a large current account surplus even though it has a strong Swiss Franc – a strong currency makes exports more expensive and imports cheaper. Additionally the US has had a current account deficit since 1984 even with the fluctuating US dollar – US deficit today = $116.8 bn but the currency is not seen as overvalued. Competitiveness is more a symptom than a cause of what is happening in the economy so should not be seen as what drive current account imbalances.
A better explanation
The definition that reflects more closely the primary concern of current account deficits is a country's saving or borrowing from the rest of the world. Excessive borrowing from overseas will continue as long as deficits keep persist until the country is unable to repay its debts.
However if the make-up of the imports is generally capital goods then they add value to the economy as it will improve the competitiveness of the country's products. Therefore if the rate of return on imports exceed the cost of borrowing to buy them it makes sense to borrow more in the long-run. Australia have experienced this situation and has little difficulty in servicing its debt. On the contrary if a country borrows to to support spending the implication is that consumers are borrowing from different trading banks. The risks are more prevalent if the trading banks borrow from overseas and have to default to foreign lenders if borrowers become less likely to pay back their debt.
Governments are much more likely to become highly indebted as unlike consumers / businesses countries cannot be closed down or forced to sell its assets. Furthermore they may political leverage to enable them to borrow more. Foreign lenders may stop lending to a country with large external debts making it impossible for that country to finance it's ongoing deficit and consequently lead to a crisis like that in the eurozone. There are three important observations:
- It usually takes too long for questions to arise about whether countries that borrow excessively are competitive.
- Whether motivated by carelessness or expectation of a bailout if things go wrong, imprudent lending is always the root cause of persistent high deficits that finance private or public spending in excess of earnings.
- Large and persistent deficits create vulnerability as borrowers start to become dependent on access to funds.
Are surpluses bad?
It is generally regarded that surpluses are harmless but if households, firm, or governments spend less than they earn the surpluses must be invested abroad. However investments abroad can be very risky especially in volatile countries so prudent investment is essential.
For a lot of countries the purpose of exports is to generate revenue so that they can buy imports of goods which they may not produce – or could produce but relatively less efficient. In China a surplus does keep the export sector industries employed but suggests there is a strong presence for saving or weak domestic demand. More balanced trade would increase the level of imported goods into a country and increase real incomes as the value of its currency rises. This will allow for more inflows of foreign capital from abroad stimulating growth in the domestic economy. It would help a sluggish world economy if surplus countries, like China and Germany, were to spend more on imports.
Final thought
All current account imbalances are note created equal. In the 19th century the US had large persistent deficits in order to fund the growth and development of the country – inter state highways, national parks, hydro dams etc. Therefore these imbalances were creating value for the economy and highly productive. By contrast Greece ran large deficits to assist private consumption which doesn't add any productive potential to the economy or value creation. Furthermore it left lenders exposed to bad debts who had to be bailed out.
Source: The Deficit Tango – Charles Wyplosz – Project Syndicate
Germany's current account surplus – a concern?
A lot of economics textbooks focus on the damaging effect of a current account deficit but what about a current surplus? Also in the media a lot is spoken of a country's trade deficit and the concern that it is borrowing from abroad to finance current purchases of goods and services. China's surpluses have been a big talking point but it is Germany with a current account surplus since 2002 (introduction of the Euro) with a 2015 surplus of 8% of GDP which has taken the limelight – see graph from The Economist.
A lot of students taking the subject for the first time believe that a trade surplus is good and a trade deficit is bad. However, as in a lot of areas of economics, you can't categorically say they are good or bad. For instance, a deficit might be caused by importing vast amounts of capital goods which will create value in the economy through jobs and goods which can be sold domestically or overseas. The capital goods can also increase the level of productivity and improve competitiveness of such goods. In some respects deficit countries can be better off than surplus countries, as they are consuming more goods that they are producing.
Is a trade surplus good or bad?
For a lot of countries the purpose of exports is to generate revenue so that they can buy imports of goods which they may not produce – or could produce but relatively less efficient. In China a surplus does keep the export sector industries employed but suggests there is a strong presence for saving or weak domestic demand. More balanced trade would increase the level of imported goods into a country and increase real incomes as the value of its currency rises. This will allow for more inflows of foreign capital from abroad stimulating growth in the domestic economy. It would help a sluggish world economy if surplus countries, like China and Germany, were to spend more on imports.
Reasons for Germany's trade surplus.
There are three main reasons for Germany's ongoing trade surplus:
- Since the advent of the Euro in 2002 its value has been very weak. This is because the Euro is valued in relation to the entire 19 country eurozone and given the economic condition of the other member states, Germany's strength in trade is not significant enough to boost the currency. If Germany still had the Deutschemark today it would be no doubt stronger and therefore reduce export competitiveness. It has been calculated that the Euro gives Germany about a 20% price advantage compared to what it would have had if it was still using the Deutschmark and has the largest foreign exchange advantage of any country in the world, with the possible exception of China.
- Another reason is that the German government has been running a very tight fiscal policy and also keeping the wages levels down. In the wake of the worries over the eurozone, Germany slashed its public expenditure with reducing public infrastructure spending and been more focussed on running surpluses. This is all very well but they are taking money out of the system which leads to less demand in the global and European economy.
- The lower cost of imports of oil and gas increased the trade balance in 2015 by around 1.2%. Without the decline in oil and gas prices, the trade surplus would have fallen compared with the previous year.
Germany's trade surplus is a worry for countries in the EU as well as overseas in that it is importing demand from other countries and reducing output and employment. This is especially prevalent when you consider that monetary policy in a lot countries has become ineffective. When this happens expansionary fiscal policy – dropping taxes and increasing government spending – is way of trying to boost demand but even though the fiscal position of the German economy is very healthy they are doing the opposite and being prudent. Germany is one of the few major economies in a position to easily and cheaply increase demand.
Trump and the German current account surplus
In 2016 Germany recorded the world's largest current account surplus of €297bn (approx US$315bn) overtaking that of China again to become the world's largest. The country with the biggest deficit is the USA and head of the National Trade Council Peter Navarro (see earlier blog post) has accused Germany of currency manipulation by having a weaker Euro as compared to the stronger Deutschmark, its previous currency.
As you already maybe aware a weaker currency makes a country's exports more competitive and imports more expensive. Therefore German cars, tools etc are very competitive on world markets. Trump has indicated that he may put a 35% tariff on imported BMW's but for America to say that Germany is manipulating its currency is not a winning argument for the following reasons:
1. The Euro is weak as it is more an indication on the Eurozone economy which includes countries which have poor economic conditions – yes if Germany had the Deutschmark again it would be stronger
2. The US is embarking on a policy of expansionary fiscal policy with tax cuts and increased government spending on infrastructure. This will boost jobs but will also increase domestic interest rates which makes the US dollar stronger and thereby reducing export competitiveness of US goods and services but makes imports a lot cheaper.
3. The European Central Bank has cut interest rates to virtually zero and is implemented a policy of quantitative easing (buying back bonds) in order to stimulate the weaker economies in the eurozone.
4. With virtually zero interest rates, German savers are being punished as are German life insurers.
5. Does Navaroo's allegation hold any creditability when the US is running massive deficits.
The German Problem
In order for German industry to remain competitive employers and trade unions agreed to restrain wage growth – this led to a weakening of the euro. To overcome this imbalances in economies wages should be increasing in Germany as it is a stronger economy and weakening in the poorer countries like Greece and Spain. This means that the latter has a competitive advantage and should attract investment.
Also a ageing population tend not to be big spenders and with the current demographics in Germany, firms are looking abroad to sell their products instead of at home. Ultimately this leads to excess savings which is capital sent abroad
With a current account surplus of 9% GDP the only way this can be reduced is with extreme measures such as:
– Lowering VAT (value-added tax)
– Increasing wages
– Government to increase its spending and run budget deficits
However the surplus is a sign of German's export prowess and as one German politician said 'America needs to make better cars". Only when the German savings are turned into cash will surpluses turn into deficits.
Source: The Economist – Feb 11th 2017
Germany's current account surplus – causes and consequences.
Germany's current account surplus, 7.5% of GDP and forecast to go as high as 7.9%, is causing major problems in the eurozone – see graph below.
German Current Account Causes
- Germany's labour costs have been approximately 20-30% lower that its Eurozone competitors and the German real exchange rate is strongly undervalued relative to the rest of the eurozone. This makes its goods artificially cheap, crowding out those of other eurozone countries from both eurozone and world markets. If Germany still had the D-Mark, it is almost certain that the increased competitiveness of German exports would have caused an appreciation in the German currency. This appreciation would have rebalanced demand – increasing the price of exports and reducing the price of imports. A flexible exchange rate would have moderated the rise in the German current account surplus.
- German manufacturing has been very competitive in recent years with improvements in productivity, and high-tech German exports have weathered the global downturn, better than many other countries. Germany had less exposure to financial services and has a very competitive manufacturing sector.
- Germany's jobless rate is at a very low 4.7%. This should be stimulating demand but the German regulatory and tax structure is geared in favor of output and exports, and against consumption and investment. Furthermore, the German government are running budget surpluses which takes money out of the circular flow. This is when its infrastructure is looking very tired – canals, the rail network and autobahns need upgrading. Investment has fallen from 23% to 17% of GDP since the early 1990's. Net public investment has been negative for 12 years.
German Current Account Consequences
- The large current account surplus and undervaluation of currency was good for Germany, but it was holding back exports in other countries. Greater German domestic consumption and targeting higher inflation would provide a boost to global demand and help to stimulate growth in terms of export demand especially in southern Europe. Surpluses steal demand from elsewhere and they export unemployment to other countries. This matters in an era of "secular stagnation" and excess global savings.
- Given the imbalances in the Eurozone, southern European economies face a long period of deflation as they slowly seek to restore competitiveness against their northern competitors. However, given European wide austerity, this period of deflation is proving very costly in terms of lost GDP and high unemployment.
Socialism and Lying
The Economist wrote a piece about a group of behavioural economists, including Dan Ariely, that recently ran an experiment to test Germans' willingness to lie for personal gain. 250 Berliners were randomly selected to take part in a game where they could win up to US$8. The game rules were as follows:
Each person to throw a die 40 times and record each roll – a higher total = bigger payoff
Before each roll the person had to write down the number on either the top or the bottom side of the die.
However, they did not have to tell anyone which side they had chosen, which made it easy to cheat by rolling the die first and then pretending that they had selected the side with the highest number. If they picked the top and then rolled a two, for example, they would have an incentive to claim—falsely—that they had chosen the bottom, which would be a five.
Honest participants would be expected to roll ones, twos and threes as often as fours, fives and sixes. But that did not happen: the sheets handed in had a suspiciously large share of high numbers, suggesting many players had cheated.
After finishing the game, the players had to fill in a form that asked their age and the part of Germany where they had lived in different decades. The authors found that, on average, those who had East German roots cheated twice as much as those who had grown up in West Germany under capitalism. They also looked at how much time people had spent in East Germany before the fall of the Berlin Wall. The longer the participants had been exposed to socialism, the greater the likelihood that they would claim improbable numbers of high rolls.
Economic Systems: France v Germany
Here is a useful video on economic systems from the BBC – CIE AS course Unit 1. France's economy has struggled in recent years and President Hollande has plans to reduce the levels of bureaucracy and the size of the state sector – moving to less government intervention.
Critics say France has too centralised and big a state sector. By contrast, in Germany much of the decision making is at local level.
So how do the two systems compare?
Is German Football like the German Economy?
This year saw an all German final in the European Champions League with Bayern Munich defeating Borussia Dortmund 2-1 at Wembly Stadium in London. In order to get to the final both teams beat Spanish counterparts – Real Madrid and Barcelona. What is fitting is that in economic terms German is the powerhouse of the European economy whilst in contrast Spain has suffered greatly from the euro crisis and austerity measures that have been imposed on it. If you look at post-war Germany you can see some correlation between the success of the national side and state of the economy.
The Economist looked at this and made the point that German has opened up its borders to not just traditional labour but also football players. Of the two squads on show at the Champions League Final at Wembley last month, 17 were from outside Germany.
Most visibly, Germany opened up. Just as immigrants flock to German jobs (more than 1m net arrivals in 2012), so players join German clubs. Between them Bayern and Dortmund have four Brazilians, three Poles, a Peruvian-Italian, a Serb, a Croat, a Swiss of Kosovar extraction, an Austrian of Filipino/Nigerian stock, a Ukrainian and two Australians—and so on. Of the German players, several have dual citizenship or a "migration background". If the choice is between a German Europe or a European Germany, as the novelist Thomas Mann once put it, football points to the second.


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Manchester United midfielder, Paul Pogba has been subject to criticism at the club with Antoine Griezmann revealing that the Frenchman "needs to feel loved" and is deeply affected by the criticism he receives in the media.
Since making the switch from Juventus to reunite with the Red Devils, Pogba has failed to live up to his full potential with a number of inconsistent performances. The outgoing Atletico Madrid forward has become close friends with Pogba from their time together in the France national team and backed the United star to win the Ballon d'Or one day.
In his new book 'Getting To The Top Of World Football', Griezmann opened up about how Pogba reacts to criticism, "Paul is a great guy. Because of his over-exposure in the media, his transfer fee and his spectacular style of play, everything he does is scrutinized. All the lights are trained on him. The press is very demanding with him, sometimes too harsh in my opinion.
"You can get the feeling that everything just slides off him, but it's not the case. I suggested that he shouldn't pay too much attention to what's said about him and that he should just get his head down. He is such a hard worker, a remarkable player.
Ballon d'Or potential
"And he's someone who needs to feel loved. The media, even though they are doing their job, should encourage this more. People shouldn't forget that he's only young. He doesn't get the recognition he deserves. Paul has the potential to win the Ballon d'Or one day."
Read More: Antoine Griezmann reveals Manchester United idol is inspiration behind his jersey numbers
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Read More: Jude Bellingham reluctant to join Man United


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1 Diagnosis topenlarge
Open fractures can generally be regarded as contaminated. Since fractures in the dentate area have communication with the oral cavity, these are considered open fractures.
Infections with clinical relevance show swelling, pain, fever, reddening, and secretion of pus. In the case of acute infection radiographic signs can be absent. Chronic cases exhibit the typical signs of osteomyelitis.
Special conditions influencing adequate internal fixation
Instability produces and maintains the infectious process.
Osteosynthesis of an acutely infected fracture or pseudarthrosis must be a safe procedure. Under these conditions, high rigidity (load bearing) is mandatory. Therefore the locking reconstruction system 2.4 is recommended. It is important not to place any screws into the infected bone area which must be spared from screw insertion. The reconstruction plate functions as a bridging device. Large areas of infected or necrotic bone require debridemnet and either immediate or delayed cancellous bone grafting. Antibiotic therapy alone does not eliminate the infection as long as the fracture is unstable.
Clinical findings
Fractures in the dentate area are regarded as open fractures because the gingiva is usually lacerated. These fractures are contaminated. An acute infection is not reflected in the x-ray examination. In chronic cases the bone becomes infected exhibiting the typical clinical and radiographic signs of osteomyelitis.
In addition there will be inflammatory signs such as swelling, pain, fever, reddening, and secretion of pus.
Clinical photograph showing an infected fracture between the first and second molar. The pericoronal gingiva of the second molar contains pus and the swelling fills the vestibular sulcus.
OPG confirming the clinical diagnosis of an infected fracture site in the posterior mandibular body with radiolucency around the second molar and an extended fracture zone containing several bone sequestra.
PA view of the same case.
CT scans of the same patient detailing the condition of the fracture zone.
Additional considerations
Patients with infected fractures often present a constellation of problems:
- Noncompliance
- Alcohol addiction
- Drug abuse
- Self-neglect and social deprivation
- Imprisonment
- Dementia
Medical risk factors:
- Chronic corticoid medication
- Immune deficiency
- Diabetes mellitus
- Osteopathy
Teaching video
Bridging of a segmental defect
2 Principles topenlarge
Formal pathogenesis
A predilection zone for infected fractures is the posterior mandibular body or the angle region. Contributing factors in this area are due to the occurrence of impacted or partially impacted wisdom teeth. The chronic infection leads to osteomyelitis with inflammatory resorption and sequestration of the bone in the proximity of the fracture line.
The current concept is that the infection and osteomyelitis are propagated by the instability and mobility of the fracture fragments.
When dealing with osteomyelitis, the infected fracture will be debrided and leave the patient with a defect fracture situation.
If the bony defect extends throughout the entire fracture, grafting will be necessary.
Choice of implant
Since the rigidity of large plates is defined by the number and diameter of the inserted screws, it is recommended to use reconstruction plates compatible with large diameter screws only, ie, 2.4 or 3.0 mm screws.
The span of the plate has to cover such a length that at least three screws on either side of the defect can be inserted into intact bone. Very often, with large span defects, it is advisable to have four or more screws on either side of the defect.
3 Sequestrectomy and debridement topenlarge
Clearing of the infected area
After wide exposure of the outer bony surface the infected area must be
cleared of any granulation tissue.
The extent of the exposure must anticipate the application of a large reconstruction plate allowing for the placement of at least three screws on either side away from the defect.
Remove the dead bone (sequestra) and decorticate the bony surfaces of the fractured ends.
Smoothing bony edges
Sharp bony edges should be burred away. The remaining bone surfaces should
have bleeding patches to make sure that the vascularization is
This will define the size of the eventual defect.
The mandibular nerve should be preserved, if not irreversibly damaged by the chronic infectious process.
Tooth and sequestra removed.
4 Load-bearing osteosynthesis topenlarge
MMF and preliminary fragment fixation
The tooth bearing distal part of the fracture is secured via MMF. The condyle bearing part is positioned arbitrarily by pushing the condyle into the fossa and a small (adaptation) plate is applied onto the superior border of the defect in order to maintain the position of the fragments while the reconstruction plate is adapted and secured.
Contouring the plate
The load-bearing bridging plate is contoured to the lower border with the help of a malleable template.
The contour of the plate must match the template in all three dimensions.
Click here for a detailed description of the bending procedure.
Plate fixation
The bridging plate is firmly applied to the bone with plate forceps and the screws are inserted in the usual manner, starting with the screws closest to the defect zone.
Click here for a detailed description of screw insertion into locking plates.
Option: remove adaptation plate
After all screws are inserted, optionally, remove the adaptation plate at the superior border of the mandible.
Occlusion check
Load-bearing osteosynthesis is stable and cannot be influenced postoperatively using elastic tractions. Therefore, the occlusion must be checked after applying the plate. If it does not fit it must be decided whether the occlusion can be corrected by minimally grinding the teeth or repositioning of the bone and plate. The revision of the osteosynthesis may be difficult because of reduced quality of the bone and reduced bony buttressing.
Removal of arch bars
Usually, this type of fracture occurs in compromised or noncompliant patients. Therefore, one might consider removal of all MMF appliances prior to intraoral wound closure (at the tooth extraction site). This can facilitate oral hygiene.
5 Intraoral plastic soft-tissue coverage topenlarge
The intraoral mucoperiosteum is closed using the envelope technique with a
flap derived from the lateral vestibule.
This is done prior to any bone grafting in order to separate the defect from the oral cavity.
6 Same stage bone grafting topenlarge
Bone harvesting
If immediate bone grafting is desired, bone is harvested from the anterior iliac crest or the tibial head according to preference and the amount of bone graft needed.
In this case a corticocancellous piece and cancellous chips were taken from the inner table of the iliac crest.
The corticocancellous piece was shaped approximately to the size of the defect. Holes were drilled to increase the bony surface in order to enhance revascularization.
Cancellous chips were harvested to augment and fill in the defect.
Applying the bone graft
All bone grafts are inserted through the external approach.
The shape of the corticocancellous bone graft is checked and introduced into the defect.
The remaining dead space is filled with cancellous chips which are further used to augment the area.
7 Extraoral wound closure topenlarge
The use of suction drain is at the discretion of the surgeon. The external wound is closed in layers.
8 Completed osteosynthesis topenlarge
Panoramic x-ray showing the plate osteosynthesis bridging the defect zone in the left posterior mandibular body.
Note: there are three screws on each side of the defect and these are placed away from the fracture. The defect zone appears opaque because of the bone graft.
A nasogastric tube is used to feed the patient to enhance intraoral hygiene.
9 Aftercare top
If arch bars or MMF screws are used, they may be removed at the conclusion
of surgery or may be maintained for several weeks at the discretion of the
Postoperative x-rays are taken within the first days after surgery. In an uneventful course, follow-up x-rays are taken at the 4–6 week interval.
It will be necessary to see the patient after approximately 1 week to assess the stability of the occlusion. In an infected mandibular fracture, the aftercare has to include the observation of a number of factors including the special wound situation, the general health condition (nutritional status, diabetes, and particular medication), psychosocial status, economical situation and specific local regimens. The surgeon must also evaluate patient response to the current antibiotic regimens and check for systemic parameters (for example, CRP, white cell blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Patients will have to be re-examined periodically to rule out recurring signs of infection. At each visit, the surgeon must evaluate patient ability to perform adequate oral hygiene and wound care. It may be necessary to provide additional instruction to assure appropriate hygiene and wound care.
If a malocclusion is detected, the surgeon must ascertain the etiology of it (using the appropriate imaging technique). If the malocclusion is secondary to surgical edema or muscle splinting, training elastics may be beneficial. The lightest elastics possible are used for guidance, because active motion of the mandible is desirable. Patients should be shown how to place and remove the elastics using a hand mirror.
If the malocclusion is secondary to a bony problem due to inadequate
reduction or hardware failure or displacement, elastic training will be of no
benefit. The patient must return to the operating room for revision
Follow-up appointments are at the discretion of the surgeon, and will also depend on the stability of the occlusion noted on the first visit. If a malocclusion is noted and treatable by using training elastics, at weekly appointments to determine the progression are recommended.
Postoperatively, patients will have to follow three basic
1. Diet
Depending upon the stability of the internal fixation, the diet can vary between liquid and semi-liquid to "as tolerated", at the discretion of the surgeon. Any elastics are removed during eating.
2. Oral hygiene
Patients having only extraoral approaches are not compromised in their routine oral hygiene measures and should continue with their daily schedule.
Patients with intraoral wounds must be instructed in appropriate oral hygiene procedures. The presence of the arch-bars and any elastics makes this a more difficult procedure than normal. A soft toothbrush (dipping in warm water makes it softer) should be used to clean the surfaces of the teeth and arch-bars. Any elastics are removed for oral hygiene procedures. Chlorhexidine oral rinses should be prescribed and used at least three times each day to help sanitize the mouth. For larger debris, a 1:1 mixture of hydrogen peroxide/chlorhexidine can be used. The bubbling action of the hydrogen peroxide helps remove debris. A Waterpik® is a very useful tool to help remove debris from the wires. If a Waterpik is used, care should be taken not to direct the jet stream directly over intraoral incisions as this may lead to wound dehiscence.
3. Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy can be prescribed at the first visit and opening and excursive exercises begun as soon as possible. Goals should be set, and, typically, 40 mm of maximum interincisal jaw opening should be attained by 4 weeks postoperatively. If the patient cannot fully open his mouth, additional passive physical therapy may be required such as Therabite or tongue-blade training.


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26,95 EUR Incl. 19% VAT, Excl. shipping
Hand Dyed 100% Superwash Merino Single Ply
Fingering Weight 100g/366m (400yds)
With its single ply construction this is the softest merino.
This listing is for a gradient set of five mini skeins of 20 grams each, for a total of 100 grams 366 meters, 400 yards.
This yarn is machine washable, hand wash recommended to extend the life of your knits.
GAUGE ( 10 x 10 cm or 4 inches of st st) appr. 22 sts with 2,5 to 4,0 mm needle
According to EU-Textilkennzeichnungsverordnung 100 % Wool
Find more information about this yarn here on Ravelry.


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Interested in joining the Play On, Philly! after-school music program this year?
We are accepting new students from the following grades:
Play on Philly (POP) Is an innovative education and social initiative that provide opportunities for personal development to our children through the study of music. This program is available to a 110 students in grades Kindergarten through 8th. The children practice Monday through Friday after school. Our children partake in various community events and venues across the Philadelphia region. For more information please visit the Play On Philly website.


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The Royal family is pulling out all the stops for their next big wedding. The wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton on April 29th, 2011 has already been declared a public holiday. Wedding Memorabilia sales are well under way and brides-to-be all over the UK and indeed, the world, are looking forward to Kate's (Catherine - as she will be called) wedding dress, cake etc, to copy for themselves.
Mario Testino's (a celebrity photographer) picture of the couple will be used to print stamps as collectibles. The picture (below) shows the couple in a very down-to-earth pose. Unlike many former photos taken of Royal couples, this one seems to present to the public, the true nature of Prince William as a people's Prince.
The Royal wedding stamps will be available from April 21st (this is the birthday of Prince William's grandmother, Queen Elizabeth 11) and will only be available from Royal Mail.
Here are some other Royal Wedding posts and articles you'll like:
Royal Wedding Venue
Royal Wedding Dress


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A well-thought-out unity sand vase is a lovely ceremonial object that, unlike a unity candle, can become a permanent keepsake. While candles burn away and are consumed, a sand vase can be preserved forever. The warmth, cheer and glow that candles bring to ceremonies cannot be replaced by a sand vase, however. By topping your sand vase with a candle, you benefit from the best of both ceremonial objects.
Choose a smooth, white votive candle to place gently in the sand. Most of the vase is filled with decorative sand, so the candle only takes up the very top part. A tea light will also work well, but will not burn as long as a votive. Use an unscented candle for a wedding ceremony to avoid problems with any allergies your guests may have.
Make a filled candle on top of your unity sand vase instead of purchasing votives or tea lights. Melt beeswax or other candle wax in a double boiler. Add candle dye, if desired, after the wax is completely melted. To test the color, drip a small amount of wax onto a white piece of paper. Add more dye if the color is not deep enough. If you wish to use beeswax but want a white candle, purchase bleached beeswax. Do not try to dye yellow beeswax white.
Dip a piece of wire core wick into the wax and shake. This is to let out any air bubbles. Wait for the wick to cool (this will take a couple of seconds), then pull the wick strait. Push the bottom end of the wire core wick into the sand. Push it into the very middle of the sand.
Pour hot wax on top of the sand. Wax will congeal on top of the sand. Be careful not to splash the wax when pouring, as it is difficult to remove wax splashes from the vase. Allow the wax to cool.


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Last week we talked all about finding the right eyeshadow for brown eyes, and this week it's the turn of the blue eyed babes! We often find ourselves reaching for the same eyeshadow shades day in, day out. They might be tried and tested, but take a look at what we recommend for blue eyes to really emphasise your peepers!
If you've been graced by the eye gods with blue eyes, you're in luck as it can be really easy to make your eyes pop. To put it really simply, when you take a look at a colour wheel, the colour theory says that any colours opposite one another are complimentary. Using this theory, orange and earth tones will work wonders for anything from deep sea blues to icy grey-toned blues. We also recommend dusty pinks and hazy purples!
5 Must Have Eyeshadow's For Blue Eyed Babes
Make Up By HD Brows Eyeshadow Palette in FoxyBuy now with free delivery
This palette was originally created to flatter those with dark blonde to medium brown hair, but we are in love with the warm earthy tones it contains! The eyeshadow from HD Brows is highly pigmented and come in matte and satin textures, allowing you to create more depth to your look. For those blue eyed gals among us, we suggest a graduated smoky eye with this palette, pulling down the shade Bronze under the lower lash line too to add a little more intensity and drama!
Dr. Hauschka Eyeshadow Trio in Dear EyesBuy now with free delivery
Get rosy with these three beautiful shades from Dr. Hauschka, perfect for creating a subtle daytime smoky eye. With a handy dual ended applicator wand, this compact little palette is also perfect for building up a subtle daytime smoky eye into an evening eye later in the day!
Pixi Mesmerising Mineral Palette in Amethyst AuraBuy now with free delivery
Go for hazy purple eyeshadow to help add emphasis to your blue hues with the Pixi Mesmerising Mineral Palette in Amethyst Aura. With six shades of jewel purples and dusty pinks, this palette is ideal whether you want to create a subtle look or something a little brighter and more daring. What could possibly make these eyeshadows even better? They are formulated with light-reflecting minerals and nourishing vitamin E which helps to protect the skin around the eye. Winner!
Pixi Lid Last Shadow Pen in Shell SheenBuy now with free delivery
For a quick eyeshadow fix on a busy morning or when you're in a rush, the Pixi Lid Last Shadow Pen is a must! Simply sweep this pale pink tone across your lids and blend out with your ring finger. Voila, effortless eye popping makeup in one quick and easy step!
NARS Cosmetics Dual Intensity Blush in FrenzyBuy now with free delivery
Strictly speaking, this one is actually a blush, but there's nothing we love more than a good multi-tasking product! These bad boys are super pigmented already, but for an even stronger colour you can wet your brush to apply the product – that's where the name'Dual Intensity' comes from! We love this fiery orange tone to accentuate blue eyes, and the lighter golden shade is perfect as a brow bone and inner corner highlight!
Are you a blue eyed babe? Are you rockin' any of these shades? Let us know!


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Fashion greats head home to celebrate Cooper's 65th
Pulse Chairman Kingsley Cooper turns 65 this weekend, and several of Jamaica's fashion greats are headed home to help him celebrate, along with a wider group of friends and well-wishers.
As the visionary responsible for the creation of a modern modeling and fashion industry for Jamaica and the Caribbean, Cooper will play host to many of the stars whose careers he has launched and developed, including those who have been recognised as having "changed the face of global fashion" (Vogue - Jeneil Williams and Nadine Willis) and "shook society and changed the world" (CNN - Nadine Willis for Gucci).
Stars arriving in Jamaica for this weekend's celebrations include fashion designer The Vessel; double Vogue covergirl, author and artist Lois Samuels; Vogue covergirl, Karl Lagerfeld and Nike star Jeneil Williams; multiple Vogue and Gucci star Nadine Willis; Ralph Lauren Polo star, Vogue model and world top 10 fitness trainer Oraine Barrett; Vogue covergirl, Calvin Klein, Gucci and Ralph Lauren superstar Alicia Burke, currently one of the hottest models in the world, among several others.
For more than four decades, Cooper has been at the forefront of the development and expansion of Jamaica's entertainment industry. A pioneer, Cooper has played a key role in the music and lifestyle sectors, as well as fashion. In addition, he has been focused on the development of creative entrepreneur-ship, with his beloved Pulse becoming the first entertainment entity to be listed on the Jamaica Stock Exchange in 1994.
Cooper has spent several years extending public service to Jamaica and the Caribbean. He chaired the committee that managed Jamaica's inaugural presentation at the Midem music market in Cannes, France, and was first chairman of The Jamaica Entertainment Advisory Board and the Caribbean Fashion Industry Association. He also headed such key entities as The Entertainment Development Enterprise of Jamaica.
His ventures into music spanned artiste management, development and production, seminal of which was the acclaimed Reggae Superjam concert series at which the great Peter Tosh gave his last concert performance. In recent years, he has been the driving force for the establishment of the Peter Tosh Museum at the Pulse Centre on Trafalgar Road.
Over the past two decades, Cooper has paid significant attention to lifestyle projects at Villa Ronai in Stony Hill and the Pulse Centre at Trafalgar Road. These include boutiques and spas, celebrated Japanese restaurant Majestic Sushi (Japanese owned), their use as venues for internal and external events, nightlife experiences such as PULS8, and Peter Tosh Museum.
Most recently, he completed the new Pulse Rooms, a 20-guest room facility at Trafalgar Road. Fifty suites are currently under construction at Villa Ronai.
Through Pulse, he has created a plethora of innovative institutions, many of which have been copied locally and internationally. These include the Pulse Fashion and Lifestyle TV titles, Caribbean Fashionweek (CFW), the Caribbean Model Search, and The Pulse Model Agency. Over the years, the company has also managed such events as Miss Universe Jamaica, Supermodel of the World (Jamaica), Elite Model Look (Jamaica) and many others.
His latest innovations are the Pulse School Search Tour, a model search set to galvanise high school hopefuls across Jamaica this summer, and the new Resort Fashion Week, a product of CFW.


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Home on the Grange
Healdsburg's new foodie marketplace stakes its claim
A Food Jewel Box: Three areas offer goods for pantry, home, and garden.
Photos by Mariko Reed
Seeing the success of San Francisco's Ferry Building and its condensed sibling Napa's Oxbow Public Market, Healdsburg has thrown its hat into the epicurean mercantile ring with the Shed. The new two-story warehouse resembling a metal barn boasts a café, bar, and market, and aims to attract locals and visitors alike. Bordered by Foss Creek and conveniently positioned across from the Saturday farmers market, the Shed's floor-to-ceiling glass garage doors roll up to create an indoor-outdoor ambience enjoyed year-round.
"It's meant to be a distribution center for farmers to honor the tradition of agriculture and wine in the region," says owner and partner Cindy Daniel. "It's also a resource for the community and fills in some of the gaps in Healdsburg."
Various aspects converge into one integral tenet, which as Daniel underscores "is about illustrating what is good food." Peruse fresh produce from local farmers, purchase select edibles by bulk, procure cooking and gardening tools, or sample sips from 21 taps at the fermentation bar. Take a seat for breakfast or lunch after stocking up on provisions for dinner—and that's just on the ground floor.
Embodying "a food jewel box," as Daniel puts it, the Shed's first level features three distinct areas: a pantry and larder (with a working flour mill from Austria), a home goods section, and gardening supply outpost. The upstairs loft provides high ceilings, breathtaking views, and ample space for classes and special events. From lessons on making vinegar to hosting a small wedding, there's a draw for everyone. "There are different layers of storytelling here," says General Manager Kenny Rochford, "so people are equipped to take it further if that's what they want to do."
As Daniel quips, "It's a little bit of a lot of things woven together." Translation? This whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
25 North St., Healdsburg, (707) 431-7433, healdsburgshed.com.


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College code:Ice
Dr.A.Jahubar Ali
Professor & HOD
Mr. Mujeeb K.A.
Assistant Professor & Division Head (Physics)
Ms. Jissa Jose
Assistant Professor & Division Head (Chemistry)
Ms. Sujitha Salim
Assistant Professor & Division Head (Mathematics)
Mr. Sunil Radhakrishnan
Assistant Professor
Ms. Deepa Jacob
Ms. LINCY C. M.
Ms. RAMCYMOL K. A.
Ms. Ramya S. Nair
Ms. Sabira M. M.
Ms. Shamseena T. S.
Ms.Binitha S.
Nitha George
Surumi Muhammad
Ilahia College of Engineering & Technology
Mulavoor PO, Muvattupuzha,
Ernakulam Dist. - 686 673
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Copyright ©2020 ICET. All Rights Reserved
Powerd by: Progressive cybernetics Pvt.Ltd.


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Cybertools was founded in 1999 based on the principles of providing excellent customer service and innovative IT solutions to the business user. Cybertools grew by word of mouth as their customer first philosophy and forward-thinking solutions attracted more and more businesses.
As Cybertools grew, Owners David and Aubri Stone made sure every employee shared the same passion and dedication for helping the client succeed. Realizing that the home user could benefit from this same approach to computer service, Cybertools opened a home user division.
Although the services may be tailored to the home or the business user, both sides align when it comes to how the customer is treated. Cybertools delivers service that the customer can trust and understand. Cybertools was founded the on these principles and remains dedicated to them to this day.
David Stone – President
- Favorite thing to do: David enjoys boating and spending time with his family.
- Favorite Hobby: Working with his father on various design projects.
- Favorite Holiday: Labor Day (The Unofficial Start of Football Season)
- Something you wouldn't know: I like to ride Longboards with my son.
- David volunteers his time with our local youth sports programs, coaching youth football and baseball.
Aubri Stone – Vice President
- Favorite Thing to do: Travel with my family
- Favorite Place: A quiet place with a good book; preferably listening to the waves crash
- Fun Fact about me: I went to college in New York
- Favorite Hobby: Outdoor activities (hiking, skiing, boating, sunbathing)
- Aubri has a Masters Degree in Teaching and a Bachelors in Speech and Language. She worked as a Speech and Language Pathologist and a Teacher before coming to Cybertools in 2007.
Phil Horton – Customer Service Manager
- Favorite Place: The Ocean
- Favorite Past Time: Fencing sabre
- Favorite Holiday: Halloween
- Something you wouldn't Know: I was a sabreur on my college fencing team.
- Phil has a degree in Electronic Computer Engineering Technology. He administered the college network after graduating for several years. He moved to the Pacific
- Northwest in 2015 and joined the Cybertools team.
Nick Melnick – Support Technician
- Favorite Place: Lakeside with a fishing pole in hand
- Favorite Past Time: Hiking, fishing
- Favorite Holiday: Fourth of July
- Born in Seattle, raised in the Pacific Northwest.
- Nick went to high school in Graham and has seen the region grow over the last 25 years into what it is today.
- Before getting into IT, Nick worked for Boeing, updating technical drawings on commercial aircraft. He graduated in 2006.


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Listen to R.I.P. Story [Produced by Nottz], the new track by Game, which was dropped on Monday, January 24th, 2011. Game's odds keep getting better with each new leak, and R.I.P. Story [Produced by Nottz] will undoubtedly improve his chances of winning. It's a worthy addition to a respectable catalogue that has seen a lot of growth since Game debuted in this game. We're looking forward to the follow-up.
Hear more of Game on The Ocean (Prod By Dr. Dre), featuring Busta Rhymes. If you dig this, visit Game's profile for the latest info, news, songs, and mixtapes.
Can you dig it?


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Room by room
Around 1,400 portraits are on display at the Gallery in London throughout the year. The current listing in each room can be accessed through the links by historical period below. Additionally information about portraits on display in temporary displays and exhibitions can be accessed through the events calendar. Information about portraits on display outside the Gallery at our regional partners in Somerset and Yorkshire and as part of long-term or exhibition loans can be found within the Beyond the Gallery section of this website.
Second Floor
Tudor and Elizabethan
Top floor galleries covering early English kings, and the Tudor and Elizabethan periods, from 1485 to 1603.
Rooms 1: The Tudors Room 2: Elizabethan England Room 3: Special Displays
Stuart and Civil War
Top floor galleries covering the Stuart period from 1603 to 1714, punctuated by the English Civil War, Commonwealth and Protectorate.
Room 4: Early Stuart Britain Room 5: Charles I and the Civil War Room 6: Science and the Arts Room 7: Charles II: The Restoration of the Monarchy Room 8: The later Stuarts
Top floor galleries covering the Hanoverian age from 1714 with the reigns of King George I, King George II and King George III.
Room 9: The Kit-cat Club Room 10: The Arts in the early 18th century Room 11: Royalty and Religion in the 18th century Room 12: The Arts in the later 18th century Room 13: Science and Industry in the 18th century Room 14: Britain becomes a World Power Room 15: Edward William Lane Room 16: Everyday Icons: Collecting Popular Portraits
The Weldon Galleries on the top floor encompassing the Regency under King George IV and up to the death of King William IV in 1837.
Room 17: Royalty, Celebrity and Scandal Room 18: Art, Invention and Thought: The Romantics Room 19: Art, Invention and Thought: Making the Modern World Room 20: The Road to Reform
First Floor
Victorian and Edwardian
First floor galleries covering the long reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901 and the reign of King Edward VII to 1910.
Room 21: Introduction: Queen Victoria Room 22: Statesmen's Gallery Room 23: Expansion and Empire Room 24: Early Victorian Arts Room 25: Women, politics and domestic life in Victorian Britain Room 26: Portraits by G.F. Watts Room 27: Science and Technology Room 28: Late Victorian Arts
20th Century
First floor galleries covering the 20th Century from the onset of the First World War till the end of the 1980s.
Room 30: Britain 1901-14 Room 31: Britain 1914-59 Room 32: The UK 1960 - Today
Ground floorWolfson Gallery Wolfson Plus : Pre-Raphaelite Sisters Porter Gallery: Taylor Wessing Photographic Portrait Prize 2019
Events calendar
Check out our Events calendar to discover our Current exhibitions and displays, as well as other activities at the Gallery.
Virtual Gallery rooms
Immerse yourself online using your computer, laptop or mobile and explore a selection of rooms at the National Portrait Gallery, London.
Floor plans
Explore the Gallery with the help of clickable floor plans linked to exhibitions, temporary displays and room by room listings of portraits on display.


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Dad and I being welcomed to Nepal
Father's Day was last Sunday; what better time to reflect upon my recent travels with my father.
Last October I traveled to Nepal to hike the Annapurna Circuit with my 73 year old father. We hiked for 21 days with many ups and downs…quite literally. I blogged about each step of that journey here on my website. However I feel like I put so much into that writing that I wanted to offer it to my readers (or whomever is interested!) in a non-blog format!
Continue reading on ottsworld.com
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What is Ottsworld? It's my journey! I quit my corporate IT job 2 years ago and said goodbye to blackberries, meetings and New Y…
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Our Expert Contributor, Sherry Ott has recently had some good news!
The setting for the day's 'Food Follies' would be the towns, villages, and farms around the Meuse River, dubbed the oldest river in the world.
Three days on Isla del Sol, in Lake Titicaca; natural beauty and Inca legends
Differences in daily life between Canada and Peru
Iquitos: the largest and most popular jungle destination in Peru
Madrid's Festival of San Isidro has morphed from a religious procession to a full scale arts festival