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AWS Big Data Blog
Extending Seven Bridges Genomics with Amazon Redshift and R
Christopher Crosbie is a Healthcare and Life Science Solutions Architect with Amazon Web Services
The article was co-authored by Zeynep Onder, Scientist, Seven Bridges Genomics, an AWS Advanced Technology Partner.
That is probably not a coding language readily understood by many reading this blog post, but it is a programming framework that defines all life on the planet. These letters are known as base pairs in a DNA sequence and represent four chemicals found in all organisms. When put into a specific order, these DNA sequences contain the instructions that kick off processes which eventually render all the characteristics and traits (also known as phenotypes) we see in nature.
Sounds simple enough. Just store the code, perform some complex decoding algorithms, and you are on your way to a great scientific discovery. Right? Well, not quite. Genomics analysis is one of the biggest data problems out there.
Here's why: You and I have around 20,000 – 25,000 distinct sequences of DNA (genes) that create proteins and thus contain instructions for every process from development to regeneration. This is out of the 3.2 billion individual letters (bases) in each of us. Thousands of other organisms have also been decoded and stored in databases because comparing genes across species can help us understand the way these genes actually function. Algorithms such as BLAST that can search DNA sequences from more than 260,000 organisms containing over 190 billion bases are now commonplace in bioinformatics. It has also been estimated that the total amount of DNA base pairs on Earth is somewhere in the range of 5.0 x 1037 or 50 trillion trillion trillion DNA base pairs. WOW! Forget about clickstream and server logs—nature has given us the ultimate Big Data problem.
Scientists, developers, and technologists from a variety of industries have all chosen AWS as their infrastructure platform to meet the challenges of data volume, data variety, and data velocity. It should be no surprise that the field of genomics has also converged on AWS tooling for meeting their big data needs. From storing and processing raw data from the machines that read it (sequencers) to research centers that want to build collaborative analysis environments, the AWS cloud has been an enabler for scientists making real discoveries in this field.
For blog readers who have not yet encountered this life sciences data, "genomics" is probably a term you have heard a lot in the past year – from President Obama's precision medicine initiative to many mainstream news articles to potentially as part of your own healthcare. That is why for this Big Data Blog post, we'll provide non-bioinformatics readers with a starting point for gaining an understanding of what is often seen as a clandestine technology, while at the same time offering those in the bioinformatics field a fresh look at ways the cloud can enhance their research.
We will walk through an end-to-end genomics analysis using the Seven Bridges Genomics platform, an AWS advanced technology partner that offers a solution for data scientists looking to analyze large-scale, next-generation, sequencing (NGS) data securely. We will also demonstrate how easy it is to extend this platform to use the additional analytics capabilities offered by AWS. First, we will identify the genetic "variants" in an individual—what makes them unique—and then conduct a comparison of variation across a group of people.
Seven Bridges Genomics platform
The Seven Bridges platform is a secure, end-to-end solution in itself. It manages all aspects of analysis, from data storage and logistics (via Amazon S3), to user tracking, permissions, logging pipeline executions to support reproducible analysis, and visualizing results.
We show you how use the visual interface of the platform. We like to think of this as an integrated development environment for bioinformatics, but each step in this workflow can also be performed via API. The Seven Bridges platform also offers an easy way to take the output of your analysis to other applications so you can extend its functionality. In this case, we will do additional work using Amazon Redshift and R.
You can follow along with this blog post by signing up for a free Seven Bridges trial account that comes with $100 of free computation and storage credits. This is enough for you to perform variant calling on about 50 whole exomes. In other words, you can modify and re-run the steps in this post 50 different ways before having to pay a dime.
Setting up our Seven Bridges environment
First, we will start with sequencing the 180,000 regions of the genome that make up protein-coding genes, also known as whole exome DNA sequencing. Our starting point will be a file in the FASTQ format, a text-based format for storing the biological sequences of A, C, T, and Gs.
We'll use publicly available data from the 1000 Genomes project as an example, but you could just as easily upload your own FASTQ files. We also show you how to quickly modify the analysis to modify tool parameters or start with data in other formats. We walk you through the main points here, but the Seven Bridges Quick Start guide or this video also provide a tutorial.
The first step to run an analysis on the Seven Bridges platform is to create a project. Each project corresponds to a distinct scientific investigation, serving as a container for its data, analysis pipelines, results and collaborators. Think of this as our own private island where we can invite friends (collaborators) to join us. We maintain fine-grained control over what our friends can do on our island, from seeing files to running executions.
Adding genomics data
Next, we need to add the data we need to analyze to the project. There are several ways to add files to the platform; we can add them using the graphical interface, the command line interface, or via FTP/HTTP. Here, we analyze publicly available 1000 Genome Project data that is available in the Public Files hosted on the Seven Bridges platform (which are also available on a public S3 bucket). The Seven Bridges Public Files repository contains reference files, data sets, and other frequently used genomic data that you might find useful. For this analysis, we'll add two FASTQ files to our project. Because the two files have been sequenced together on the same lane, we set their Lane/Slide metadata same so that the pipeline can process them together.
Sequencing analysis typically works by comparing a unique FASTQ file to a complete reference genome. The Seven Bridges platform has the most common reference files preloaded so we won't need to worry about this now. Of course, additional reference files can be added if we want to further customize our analysis.
Pipelines abound: Customizable conduits for GATK and beyond
Now that the data is ready, we need a pipeline to analyze them. The Seven Bridges platform comes preloaded with a broad range of gold standard bioinformatics pipelines that allow us to execute analyses immediately according to community best practices. We can use these as templates to immediately and reproducibly perform complex analyses routines without having to install any tools or manage data flow between them. Using the SDK, we can also put virtually any custom tool on the platform, and create completely custom pipelines.
In this example, we use the Whole Exome Analysis BWA + GATK 2.3.9Lite (with Metrics) as our starting point. In this pipeline, we first align FASTQ files to a reference using a software package known as the Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (BWA). Next, alignments are refined according to GATK best practices before we start to make the determination between what makes our FASTQ file different from the reference file. This step of looking for differences between our file and the reference file is known as variant calling and typically produces a Variant Call Format (VCF) file.
While public pipelines are set based on best practices, we can tweak them to suit our needs using the pipeline editor.
Analyzing the source code of a person
Next, we run the analysis. Choosing Run on the pipeline brings us to the task execution page where we can select the files to analyze, and set any modifiable parameters (executions can also be started via the API). We also need to add any reference and annotation files required by our pipeline. Because we are using a Seven Bridges optimized pipeline as the starting point, the recommended reference files can all be selected and added with one click rather than hunting these down from public repositories.
After we choose Run, our optimized execution is performed and we receive an email in an hour or so, letting us know that it has been completed.
After the execution completes, we can return to the Tasks tab to see the inputs, parameters, and output files of our analysis. Everything is kept in one place so that we can return in months or years and always know the precise analysis that was performed. The pipeline we executed returns both aligned bam (alignment) files and VCFs, so if we decide to change the variant calling in the future, we don't need to rerun the alignment.
Extending from individual analysis to population studies in AWS
The walkthrough thus far ran an analysis on an individual level, but what if we wanted to expand our analysis to an entire population? AWS and Seven Bridges together offer a wealth of tools that are a perfect fit for this type of study. Let's start with Amazon Redshift and the open source language R to see just a couple examples of how this might work.
First, we select all the resulting VCF files from the file browser and select get links. This generates signed URLs pointing to our file's location in Amazon S3. Note that these links expire in 24 hours, so we want to use them right away.
As links will vary based on the 1000 genomes file picked and individual accounts, the rest of this post uses the chromosome 1 VCF file stored on Amazon S3 as an example.
Launching Bioconductor
A very common way to get started analyzing genomics data is by using the R software package, Bioconductor. Bioconductor is built for working with genomics data and has built-in functionality for interpreting many of the common genomics file types. It is also very simple to get started with Bioconductor in the cloud because an AWS CloudFormation template is provided and maintained for quickly provisioning an environment that is ready to go.
To launch a Bioconductor environment, choose AWS CloudFormation from the AWS Management Console, create a new stack, and enter the following value for Specify an Amazon S3 template URL under Template:
We must be in the us-east-1 region for this template to function correctly; be aware that we must choose an instance type that supports an 'HVM instance store' so we avoid the micro instance type.
After the CloudFormation stack has been launched, we should see a status of "CREATE_COMPLETE" and an Outputs tab should be exposed which contains the following important pieces of data:
- URL – The URL to click to begin working with Bioconductor and R.
- Username – User name to gain entry to the website provided by the URL.
- Password – Password to gain entry to the website provided by the URL.
- SSH Command – The command we can copy/paste into a terminal with SSH installed.
Before we jump into R, let's add a couple items to our server that will come in handy later as we interact with AWS services from R. Connect to the instance using the SSH command provided by the outputs of the CloudFormation template. After we are in the instance, we run the following command:
sudo apt-get -y install libpq-dev
While logged into the instance, we can also use this opportunity to configure the AWS CLI. For the purposes of this post we'll use the keys of a user who has read and write access to an Amazon S3 bucket.
Load the VCF into the R cloud
We are now ready to get started with R and Bioconductor by clicking the URL provided in the CloudFormation output. After we log in, we should be able to interact with a fully configured and pre-loaded RStudio environment.
First we need to pull the relevant VCF files into our Bioconductor environment. In this sample code, we use the VCF files provided in the 1000 Genomes project hosted on AWS but the links could be switched with those found in the file browser of the Seven Bridges Genomics platform.
#RCurl to retrieve data from S3 library(RCurl) #The VariantAnnotation package #from Bioconductor will give us additional functionality for working with #VCF files. library(VariantAnnotation) #No need to install these packages as they are part of the pre-configured # Bioconductor install #VCF files are composed of two parts. The data and the index stored in the #tbi file. #The VariantAnnotation package relies on having both files side by side for #performing fast data lookups #pull the binaries of the data file into R's memory bin_vcf <- getBinaryURL ("http://1000genomes.s3.amazonaws.com/release/20130502/ALL.chr1.phase3_shapeit2_mvncall_integrated_v5a.20130502.genotypes.vcf.gz", ssl.verifypeer=FALSE) #pull the binaries of the index file into R's memory bin_vcf_tabix <- getBinaryURL("http://1000genomes.s3.amazonaws.com/release/20130502/ALL.chr1.phase3_shapeit2_mvncall_integrated_v5a.20130502.genotypes.vcf.gz.tbi", ssl.verifypeer=FALSE) #Write both files to the working directory of R. #use getwd() to see the current directory and use setwd() to change location. con <- file("imported_vcf.gz", open = "wb") writeBin(bin_vcf, con) close(con) con <- file("imported_vcf.gz.tbi", open = "wb") writeBin(bin_vcf_tabix, con) close(con) #Create strings specifying the file name location that can be used by R vcf_file <- paste(getwd(), "imported_vcf.gz", sep="/") vcf.tbi <- paste(getwd(), "imported_vcf.gz.tbi", sep="/") #use functionality of VariantAnnotation to review the header #of the VCF file. info(scanVcfHeader(vcf_file))
Extracting Relevant Variant Data
As a trivial example to show the type of manipulation a bioinformatisis may want to do with Bioconductor before sending the data off for other AWS Analytics services for further analysis, lets filter by a range within the chromosome 1 vcf file and then extract the variations in genes that were actually found.
#filter by a region in the chromosome loc <- GRanges(1, IRanges(232164611, 233164611)) params <- ScanVcfParam(which=loc) #read the VCF file into an R object of type VCF. #the "hg19" is the genome identifier # and tells bioconductor to use the 19th version of the reference file #from the human genome project. vcf <- readVcf(TabixFile(vcf_file), "hg19", params) #use fixed to pull out the REF, ALT, QUAL and FILTER fields of the VCF and parse #them into a dataframe. #Using this as an easy to interpret example. variant_df <- fixed(vcf) #to get an idea of what is contained in this dataset, run (variant_df)
The results of this code should produce a sample similar to the following:
Using Bioconductor and R to send variants to Amazon Redshift
This appears to be a very structured data set that we may want to collect on an ongoing basis from multiple VCFs to perform large population studies later. This is a scenario that aligns perfectly with the AWS service. For more information about how Amazon Redshift relates to R as well as details on how to connect to Amazon Redshift from R, see Connecting R with Amazon Redshift.
To move this dataset effectively into Amazon Redshift, we want to use the COPY command of Amazon Redshift and take advantage of the wide bandwidth that S3 provides. Therefore, the first step is moving our fixed variant data frame into S3.
#move into S3 variant_df <- fixed(vcf) #export the dataframe to a CSV write.csv(variant_df, file = "my_variants.csv") #this step requires that AWS configure was previously run on the #EC2 instance with user keys that have read/write on YOUR-BUCKET system("aws s3 mv my_variants.csv s3://YOUR-BUCKET/my_variants.csv", intern = TRUE)
Now that this data frame is available to us in Amazon S3, we can open a connection to Amazon Redshift and load the filtered variant data.
#on first run, #we need to install the RPostgreSQL package. #install.packages("RPostgreSQL") #open a connection to the Amazon Redshift cluster library(RPostgreSQL) con <- dbConnect(dbDriver("PostgreSQL"), host="YOUR-redshift-cluster1.xx.region.amazonaws.com", user= "USER_NAME", password="PASSWORD", dbname="DATABASE_NAME", port = 5439 ) #Send a query to create #the table which will hold our variants dbGetQuery(con, "CREATE TABLE SAMPLE_VARIANTS ( ROW_ID int, REF varchar(50), ALT varchar(50), QUAL int, FILTER varchar(5) )" ) #Use the Amazon Redshift COPY #command to load the table from S3 dbGetQuery(con, " copy SAMPLE_VARIANTS from 's3://YOUR-BUCKET/my_variants.csv' credentials 'aws_access_key_id=YOUR_KEY; aws_secret_access_key=YOUR_SECRET_KEY' csv IGNOREHEADER 1 maxerror as 250;" )
Running an analysis against Amazon Redshift from R
Now that the data has been loaded into Amazon Redshift, we can continue to add additional rows from more VCFs that are relevant to the region of the chromosome we wish to study, without having to worry about scaling since Amazon Redshift can easily query petabytes of data. We now also have the ability to write simple SQL against our dataset to find answers to our questions. For example, we can quickly ask what the top gene variations are in this chromosome region with the following statement:
top_variations <- dbGetQuery(con, "select ref || '->' || alt as variation, count(*) as variations_in_vcf from SAMPLE_VARIANTS group by ref,alt order by variations_in_vcf DESC" )
The most common variation found in our chromosome range is that a C becomes a T. Most of our top changes are a single letter change, which is also known as a single-nucleotide polymorphism or SNP (pronounced "snip").
In addition to massive scale-out capabilities, there's another advantage to collecting relevant results in a single Amazon Redshift table: we are storing the specific variant data for the chromosome region we want to study in an easy-to-interpret and simple-to-query format. This makes it easy to cut our massive datasets with SQL and hone in on the relevant cohorts or regions of data we want to explore further. After we have used SQL to focus our data, we can return to R and run a more sophisticated analysis.
As a spurious example of what this might look like, let's dig into our SNP example above. Simple counts let us know that the SNPs are certainly the common form of variation in the set. But what if we wanted to see if there were base pairs changes in the SNPs that tended to cluster together? We could examine this by running a correspondence analysis, which is a graphical method of exploring the relationship between variables in a contingency table. In this pseudo-analysis, we treat our ref and alt variables as categorical variables and produce a visualization that displays how our ref and alts move together in chi-squared space.
single_changes = "select ref , alt, count(*) as variations_in_vcf from SAMPLE_VARIANTS WHERE len(ref) = 1 and len(alt) = 1 group by ref,alt order by variations_in_vcf DESC" count_single_variations <- dbGetQuery(con,single_changes) library(ca) count_single_variations correspondance_table <- with(count_single_variations, table(ref,alt)) # create a 2 way table prop.table(correspondance_table, 1) # row percentages prop.table(correspondance_table, 2) # column percentages fit <- ca(correspondance_table) print(fit) #basic results plot(fit, mass = TRUE, contrib = "absolute", map = "rowgreen", arrows = c(FALSE, TRUE)) # asymmetric map
We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the accessibility and usability of data. Massive datasets once thought to only be archival in nature or impossible to interpret are being opened up for examination due to the processing power of the cloud. The genes that control the makeup of all living creatures are no exception and are finally falling under the same scrutiny.
We hope that this walkthrough has given the non-bioinformatics reader a quick peek under the hood of this fascinating field. We also hope it has provided insight into what it means to begin to understand the data in your DNA. Armed with this knowledge and an improved genomics vocabulary, you can be part of the conversation surrounding the precision medicine revolution.
Additionally, we hope the seasoned bioinformatics reader has been exposed to new tools that could accelerate research and has been empowered to explore the capabilities of Amazon Redshift and the Seven Bridges Genomics platform. This post has just scratched the surface. There are over 30 tested, peer-reviewed pipelines and 400 open source applications available for analyzing multidimensional, next-generation sequencing data integrated into the Seven Bridges Genomics platform.
If you have questions or suggestions, please leave a comment below.
Connecting R with Amazon Redshift


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Hiring Organization:Dept of Anthropology, Queens College - CUNY
Date Posted:2019-04-08
Position Description:We are seeking volunteer field assistants for a long-term study of hamadryas baboons at the Filoha study site in the lowlands of central Ethiopia. Field assistants are part of a small field team that is responsible for a set of research tasks including tracking and daily census of the study group, collection of behavioral and reproductive data from individually identified baboons, and collection and processing of fecal samples for genetic and hormone analyses in our field laboratory. Field assistants are accompanied by our field manager, one of our current graduate students, and/or a local park scout while following baboons.
The Filoha field site is based at the most northerly outpost of the Awash National Park. The area is hot and dry (averaging 94 degrees F) for most of the year. Living conditions at Filoha are simple and rugged: we sleep in tents, our cook prepares food on a kerosene stove, and we bathe in the local hot springs or carry water from the springs to our shower stall. The area experiences occasional ethnic conflict, during which baboon follows are suspended. Prior to departure, volunteers would need to arrange for their Ethiopian visa, vaccines, any anti-malarial prophylaxis desired, and travel insurance that includes medical evacuation. For more details and photos of the field site, see: http://qcpages.qc.cuny.edu/ANTHRO/Web_Pages/swedell/filoha.html
Hamadryas baboons are characterized by a unique multi-level and male-dominated social system. Filoha is the only currently operational long-term field site where members of this species are individually identified and habituated. At Filoha, we are studying various aspects of hamadryas baboon social behavior, ecology, genetics, and physiology. See footage of hamadryas at Filoha in the primates episode of the BBC documentary Life: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ju7gujK8yrY.
Depending on length of stay, amount and quality of data collected, and other intellectual contributions to the project, these positions could potentially lead to co-authorship on a publication.
Qualifications/Experience:Volunteers at Filoha need to be physically fit and able to collect data under the conditions described above. Due to the remoteness of the field site and the lack of communication infrastructure, volunteers must also be of sound physical and mental health without any pre-existing conditions that might require immediate medical attention. Volunteers must also be able and willing to maintain professional relationships with people of varied cultural backgrounds and cope with disruptions to fieldwork due to possible ethnic conflict and other factors out of one's control.
Ideally, applicants should have the following characteristics:
* Ability to withstand -- and enjoy! -- rugged and remote field conditions.
* Previous international field experience that includes living or traveling in a developing country.
* Excellent physical and mental health.
* Prior coursework and/or experience in behavioral ecology and conservation.
In addition to the above, the successful applicant will be flexible, adaptable, patient, emotionally mature, responsible, self-reliant, energetic, and highly motivated!
Salary/funding:This is a volunteer position, so no salary is available. Volunteers would need to cover their own travel expenses and pay a US$1000 research fee to the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority. In addition, each person should allow $100-$200 per month for living expenses while in Ethiopia.
provided for internship/volunteer positions (travel, meals, lodging):Pending availability of project funds, some expenses within Ethiopia may be paid for up front or reimbursed after successful completion of six months of fieldwork.
Term of Appointment:We prefer a commitment of at least 8 months, but individual time frames are negotiated separately. Positions may begin as early as June 2019.
Application Deadline:Applications will be considered as they are received.
Comments:If you are interested in a volunteer position at Filoha, please submit a letter of application that includes a description of your background and interests, experience, and any questions you may have. Please include a current CV and at least two references with contact information. Please send your correspondence via email to both Dr. Larissa Swedell and Dr. Shahrina Chowdhury at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Information:Dr. Larissa Swedell and Dr. Shahrina ChowdhuryAnthropology, Queens College, 65-30 Kissena BlvdFlushing, NY 11367-1597USA
Telephone Number:718-997-2897
Fax Number:718-997-2885
E-mail Address:firstname.lastname@example.com
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Are you looking for a bumper repair in Bakersfield CA? If yes, then don't worry as the repair agencies will take care of all your problems. Be it bumper repair or wheel repair, they have it all under their control.
Cars and automobiles in general are the one of the best gift that science could have given us. These have been in use since the 20th century and are now owned by almost half of the world's population. The use of cars has seen an exponential rise over the years. Cars had become common in the average household in the United States by the 1990s however in developing countries such as India and China, they came to focus in the late 1990s and early 2000. Although they existed before that as well, they were seen more as a luxury rather than a necessity. However in changing times, they have become common in middle class families as well.
With so many cars around, the frequency of accidents has also increased manifold. Due to this reason, the repairing of cars is required. Although the safety standards by automobile manufacturers have increased considerably, in the case of an accident, damage to the car cannot be avoided. Generally, bumpers and wheels are the damaged the most in automobiles. Bumper repair in Bakersfield CA can be done at various garages. These repair agencies are very experienced and have become quite the experts in repairing of bumpers. Wheel repair in Bakersfield CA can also be easily done with so many repairing agencies offering excellent services.
One of the most commonly damaged part of an automobile during an accident is the alloy wheel. Alloy wheel repair in Bakersfield is simple with a lot of repairing agencies focusing solely on them. Alloy wheels are generally made of an alloy of magnesium and aluminium. These alloy wheels are important as they help with heat conduction and also improve the handling of the automobile, suspension and due to less heat the brakes are able to function better as well.
Nowadays, people always try to choose the product which provides them with the best comfort and luxury. Additional features like televisions or navigation systems in a car reflect the financial standing of the person in the society. A lot of funky features such as car paint sprays are used to make designs on the exterior of the car. RV detailing in Bakersfield is quite prevalent with the owners looking to distinguish their prestigious RV's with extra detailing. RV or recreational vehicle is a trailer or motor vehicle equipped with space and living amenities found in a home. While applying these paints or sprays, you can often apply them at a place where you did not wish to. In these situations all you have to do is find a repair agency which offers the services for overspray removal in Bakersfield. Most of them involve the use of a special clay bar to remove the unwanted paint.
So, whether you get a dent on your car while reversing or damage it in an accident, don't be stressed over repairing them as the repair agencies are here to help you to make your car look like it was purchased just yesterday. With their decades of experience, they will diagnose whatever problem your car has and repair it in no time.


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Environmental Testing
The use of state-of-the-art technologies and the increasing requirements for product reliability have intensified the need for advanced environmental testing. Our environmental testing laboratory has the equipment necessary to perform the broad range of tests required.
We simulate environmental impacts, such as transport and operating conditions, on various products to assess their operating reliability. We simulate extreme temperatures and humidity in various combinations, vibration loads, shocks, exposures to salt mist, or/and low atmosphere pressure, either separately or in different combinations, and in line with:
- International and European families of standards IEC/EN 60068 and IEC/EN 60721,and standard IEC/EN 60529, as well as similar standards;
- Requirements of individual industry sectors (MIL standards, requirements for the automotive industry, and similar standards);
- Manufacturers' specifications.
What can we do?
Mechanical Exposures and Tests
- Vibrations: accelerations up to 981 m/s2, frequencies from 5 Hz to 2,000 or 4,000 Hz, loads up to 500 kg:
- Exposure to sinusoidal vibration;
- Exposure to random vibration;
- Exposure to pulse vibration;
- Resonance search;
- Frequency analyses;
- Functionality tests.
- Shocks: accelerations up to 3,000 m/s2.
- Free-fall tests.
Climate Exposures and Tests
- Humidity exposures;
- Salt atmosphere tests;
- Dust resistance tests;
- Pressure tests: up to 8 mm Hg of absolute pressure.
Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures
- From ingress of solid foreign objects (IP code X: from 0 to 6);
- From ingress of water (IP code Y: from 0 to 8);
- From mechanical impacts (IK code: from 00 to 10).
Combinations and Simultaneous Exposures
- Tests/exposures can also be performed in various combinations:
- Temperature and humidity (constant or cyclic);
- Vibrations (under controlled temperature conditions);
- Pressure and temperature exposure.
- All listed exposures/tests (single or in combination) can be performed under a device's operating conditions, as well as under simulated transport and storage conditions.


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Whitby photobooth rental can be a perfect compliment to your special event. At MXEvents, we can create mind-blowing moments at birthday parties, graduation parties and other celebrations. Hiring this unique type of service is a good way of celebrating your event and making it a memorable one. If you have an upcoming event, you need to hire a professional photobooth rental in Whitby to experience the great services offered.Getting Started
Whitby photobooth rental service rates vary depending with time you are willing to spend in the booth. However, some photo booths attract a higher rate based on its design. Others will offer you unlimited instant photos at a specified cost. The best photo booths are the ones that come with prop kits to give your guests an added element of entertainment. These include funky glasses, funny hats, masks and other to make sure everyone has fun.Design Colors
Our Whitby photobooth rental services is famous due to its unique designs. The shiny black booth design is a good choice for wedding parties or any type of event and will also blend in to any theme. We do provide a choice of backdrop you can choose from to tailor it to your event colours.What You Need To Know
You need to know how the charges change with days of the week. Weekdays will obviously attract a lower charge while weekends charges are likely to be slightly higher. In fact, you stand a chance of getting an extension of photo session when you hire at certain days so that you can fully enjoy your party. At MXEvents, we also have a special deal which includes a photobooth rental at a special price if you book before 4pm. All this information can be found our website. Just take some time and compare all of your options so you end up with the best photobooth rentals package for your specific needs.Weekend Events
Most events happen during weekends. This means that, you are likely to have a harder time booking our photobooth services in Whitby if you do not book in advance. To make your experience is as flawless and as enjoyable as it can be, we provide you with a friendly photobooth attendant with all of our packages.Amazing Services
Our photobooth rental in Whitby is the choice of most events organizers because we simply offer great deals. All of our packages include a DVD or a USB with images, for the bride or groom during a wedding event or the host for any other type of event. We will also host all of the images online for a later download. All of our photos are supplied in hi-res for the purposes of size adjustment to any size you choose.
MXEvents Whitby photoBooth rental services offers services like supplying guest books with superior classy touch. The album is usually sent to you after the event and come with a duplicate of guest's photos inserted. All of the booths are technologically advanced are also able to fit up to ten guests and take photos by themselves just by pressing a button.
The photo booth facility introduced by the MXEvents is a compliment towards the real entertainment. We are looking forward to create mind blowing entertainment for birthdays, proms and graduation parties. There is no limitation to use our photo booth. The utilization of the photo booths depends on the nature of functions. The booths can be used almost everywhere. For the graduation parties, we have designed the amazing fun options. The graduates usually like to celebrate the passing year or date by arranging a musical night. Musical nights are mostly preferred just because of the disc jockeys. Arranging a musical night without hiring a disc jockey will not create the special environment. This is the reason why you need to hire the professional Whitby photobooth rental service.
The photo booths are just fun for the graduates. Young girls and boys can capture the memorable photos of the graduation party in order to preserve the special memories. No one knows when they will meet again so it is better to keep the funny memories preserved. The Whitby photobooth rental services is a digital facility to enjoy the graduation party.
Customer support service of the MXEvents is very efficient. Direct access is possible to contact with the professional experts. The customers must keep in touch with the professional disc jockeys in order to collect the necessary facts and figures. This will help you to organize a memorable graduation party.


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Our Story
Ukie Boutique was founded in September 2015 by Iryna Matsiuk and Emma Nahaylo. Two Ukrainian women from completely different backgrounds sharing the same love for Ukraine.
We like to think of ourselves as sisters from different mama's. We both share the same passion for Ukrainian design and want to make it easily available to everyone. Our hope is to showcase the colors, patterns and designs through clothing, accessories and home décor, so that you too, will see the beauty and love the designs as much as we do.
Known as the "crazy Ukie", I have a strong passion for all things Ukrainian. Although teased that I was never born in Ukraine, my pride for my heritage is no secret. As the founder of "Ukie Friday", I love finding a range of Ukrainian clothing and accessories, whether traditional or modern to display and demonstrate my support and love for Ukraine. In my search for new ideas and the realization of the lack of options in North America, I began the idea of my own store. With the expertise and guidance from my Chocha Slava and the partnership with my dear friend Iryna Matsiuk, my passion has now become a reality.
There are not so many people that know my soft side. Being born in Western Ukraine in Soviet times, growing up in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, and having moved to Canada to meet new challenges, I feel I became more Ukrainian here than I was in Ukraine. I didn't have a traditional vyshyvanka back in Ukraine and here I feel I don't feel complete without it. I am convinced that what we do matters more than what we say that's why I am happy to be a part of Ukrainian diaspora and make my little contributions whenever I can. Most of us own a traditional vyshyvanka but our options seem to be limited when it comes to modern styles and dressing up for a function. I am extremely proud to enter into a partnership with my friend, my Ukie sister Emma Nahaylo, and to bring you all kinds of traditional and modern flavours of Ukrainian styles to your doorstep.
After an adventurous Ukrainian summer together, and a few glasses of wine, we decided to go for it and launch our own store. From the traditional to the Modern, we are on a constant hunt through various top secret ways to find and showcase Ukraine's best. Whether it be new and upcoming designers or custom made options, we are excited to provide you with all of our finds.
We are truly looking forward to this new adventure and cannot wait to grow our business with you in mind. If you have any questions or comments, we would love to hear from you! We love staying connected with our customers though our social media pages and can be found on the following:
Facebook Instagram Pinterest Twitter
Having trouble finding a specific Item? Let us help you!
If you are ever in need of special ordering, large orders or custom ordering, please do not hesitate to contact us. With our many connections in worldwide and in Ukraine, we would be happy to assist you and find that gem you are looking for. Please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com or message us at facebook www.facebook.com/ukieboutique/
Love Emma & Ira


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Profile Information
Search and Social evangelist. Thriving to connect the dots in the digital ecosystem. Loving the change to a user driven, holistic result listing. Looks like the power is back with the people!
|Full Name
|Gabriel Gervelis
|Display Name
|Job Title
|Owner, Lead Strategy Guy
|Gervelis Search Marketing
|Seattle, WA
|Favorite Thing About SEO
|The ah-ha moment when clients "get-it"
|Additional Contact Info
Blog Comments & Posts
The Noob Guide to Link BuildingBlog Post: May 08, 2012
Moz's $18 Million Venture Financing: Our Story, Metrics and FutureBlog Post: May 01, 2012
7 Killer Tools in AdWords EditorBlog Post: September 07, 2011
99 Ways to Build Links by Giving Stuff Away (and Improve Your Brand Too)Blog Post: September 19, 2011
Link Consolidation: The New PageRank SculptingBlog Post: July 06, 2009
Correct me if I am wrong: If I have a client that has example.com/terms, /about, and /privacy. I, as the SEO, implement this theory and convert this content to one page. Wouldn't I want to use 301's on the old sub pages and direct them to the new content page? If I do this, don't I loose around 10% of the link juice that pointed to the original sub pages? If my case is true......is it worth consolidating content to one page?
<link changed by SEOmoz despite the comedic value>
Tips from a recovering journalist: How to write effective press releases that help SEOBlog Post: June 29, 2009
Lets say i represent a client who is a carpet cleaning machine manufacture. I am contracted to do SEO for this company. You suggest that not only do i submit though the major online channels, but i should pick up the phone and contact people in the industry as well.
With your experience as a journalist, did you get a lot of these types of phone calls? Where the annoying or did you welcome them?
Good post
SEO Best Practices: SEOmoz's New Policies Based on Updated Correlation DataBlog Post: June 22, 2009
If I Could Change One Thing About the SEO Industry, It Would Be...Blog Post: January 05, 2009
Best Practices for Content OptimizationBlog Post: January 04, 2009
Gunjan Pandya,
I agree that you should keep your content in an easy to read version. However, you should also look at the target market that the website is targeting.
If you are targeting a high end, enterprise level, sophisticated audience it may be better to use high level english. Presenting that challenge may lead to more links from sites that are relevant to your end user.
Just a theory...And of course only used on thoes rare occasions.
A Christmas Present for SEOs: 10 Tips to Pick the Low Hanging FruitBlog Post: December 25, 2008
8 Ways to Buy Links Without "Buying Links"Blog Post: November 17, 2008
Client: Man...Who would of thought this SEO thing would take so much time. I mean, so many ways to get links, whats cost effective, what will work for me....Theres so many questions. Where do i start? Can't i pay someone to do this for me?
ME: Yes sir there is....and i'm glad you asked those questions.....
Search Is Changing Forever, Rand :).Blog Post: December 09, 2008
Personalized search, geo targeting results, youtube videos and book resutls at the top of the SERPS - Is this transforming SEO more to SEM?
Now speaking with our clients we need to not only recommended SEO, but content syndication (video, content) to other platforms that appear on SERPs.
So would submission to YOUTUBE with a video optimized for a keyword, with the goal of getting the video on google SERPS, transform into a SEO strategy?
All and All I agree with you.
when Google starts throwing curve balls we need to adapt, hit a few fouls, and go for the home run!
Why a Google Monopoly is Bad for Search MarketersBlog Post: December 09, 2008
SEO Toolbar: Introducing the New SEOmoz PRO Toolbar (Now with Less Beta!)Blog Post: December 08, 2008
I have to hand it to you guys, great way to promote the pro membership. I wonder if your pro membership rates boost up a point of two after launching this new toolbar.
Its the drug dealer methiod "heres a little bit to get you hooked, but if you want more......you have to pay"
I downloaded the tool bar, its great...good work Moz!
10 Different Types of ClientsBlog Post: December 02, 2008
First off, nice post! made me laugh!
How about the "amnesia" client.
client: why arn't i ranking under "the best discount seattle contractor"
you: sir, our keyword research shows that no one is searching for it, thats why it didn't make it to our target keyword list that was approved. you do remember approving the keyword list right...
client: keyword list?


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A man is in police custody after being tasered on an aircraft waiting to depart from Gatwick Airport this morning (August 20), Sussex Police has said.
Police officers were called to the easyJet flight to Belfast shortly after 8am to reports of a passenger who was becoming increasingly abusive following a dispute over luggage.
A man has been arrested on suspicion of breach of the peace, said police.
The aircraft has left and police are taking statements from witnesses among the crew and passengers.
An easyJet spokesperson said: "easyJet can confirm that police boarded flight EZY831 from London Gatwick to Belfast on August 20 due to a passenger behaving disruptively.
"easyJet's cabin crew are highly trained to assess and evaluate all situations and to act quickly and appropriately to ensure that the safety of the flight and other passengers is not compromised at any time.
"Whilst such incidents are rare we take them very seriously, do not tolerate abusive or threatening behaviour on-board and always push for prosecution.
"The safety and wellbeing of passengers and crew is always easyJet's priority."
Don't miss out on all the latest breaking news where you live.
Here are four ways you can be sure you'll be amongst the first to know what's going on.
1) Make our website your homepage
2) Like our Facebook page
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Always the first with your local news.
Be part of it.


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To date, research has shown that vitamin D has benefits for the healing of diabetic foot ulcers. But scientists in the U.K. recently released the results of testing that show that it may also help in burn wound healing. The study of burn patients was conducted by the Institute of Inflammation and Aging in Birmingham, U.K., and was featured at the Society of Endocrinology's annual conference in Harrogate.
A low-cost solution
According to the researchers, giving vitamin D supplements to severely burned patients could be a low-cost way to not only help their wound heal but also assist them in warding off infection.
A previous study found that patients with leg ulcers who were given vitamin D supplementssaw their ulcers reduce in size. Meanwhile, another study concluded that vitamin D aided in the formation of a permeable that protects against fluid loss and infection.
Vitamin D is already known for its antibacterial abilities, as studies have proven. It can increase the antibacterial proteins and provide an environment that can kill a variety of bacteria.
In the new study, the first to examine the effect of vitamin D in burn wound treatment, scientists monitored the recovery of 38 severely burned patients over the course of a year, while also monitoring their vitamin D level. On average, the patients had burns over 42 percent of their body.
Low vitamin D levels
The scientists discovered that, in general, the burn patients had lower vitamin D levels compared to healthy people. They also discovered that those burn patients with higher levels of vitamin D recovered better and faster than those who had lower levels. Patients with higher levels of vitamin D also had fewer complications related to their condition and less wound scarring.
"Low vitamin D levels were associated with worse outcomes in burn patients including life-threatening infections, mortality, and delayed wound healing," senior investigator and Institute of Inflammation and Aging professor Janet Lord told Medical News Today. "It was also associated with worse scarring but vitamin D levels are something generally overlooked by clinicians."
Researchers were unclear as to why burn wound patients demonstrate a drop in vitamin D after their injury, but noted that the decline in vitamin D was not related to the degree or severity of the burn.
Advanced Tissue is the nation's leader in delivering specialized wound care supplies to patients, delivering to both homes and long-term care facilities.


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James Krebs received his Bachelor of Science in pharmacy degree from Ohio Northern University, a Master of Science in Medical Education Leadership from the University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine and a Doctor of pharmacy degree from the University of Rhode Island.
Dr. Krebs' diverse career includes practice in long-term care, community, and hospital settings. He started his career at Mid Coast Hospital in Brunswick, Maine as a staff and clinical pharmacist. In 1997 he joined King Faisal Specialist Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia where he enjoyed his role as a clinical pharmacy specialist in oncology/hematology and preceptor for pharmacy students from King Saud University. Upon his return in 1999, he worked for Miles Memorial Hospital in Damariscotta, Maine and St. Andrews Hospital in Boothbay Harbor, Maine as a clinical pharmacist. In this role he also participated in community-based services including diabetes and COPD management groups. Prior to joining UNE, he held a management position with Walgreens. He has proudly precepted pharmacy students for more than fifteen years.
At UNE, Dr. Krebs travels throughout Maine, New England, nationally and internationally to gather information about potential experiential training sites including the nature of the practice site (community pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, etc.), the site's capacity to accommodate students, and the specific types of services the students will be exposed to at each site. In addition, he is responsible for experiential course structure and design and curricular development, as well as preceptor and experiential site relations and preceptor development. His teaching responsibilties are primarily in the Pharmacy Practice Lab, Simulation Lab and coordinating/precepting students during Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences in Thailand and Spain.
Dr. Krebs enjoys travel, running, and the vibrant art scene in Maine.
University of Rhode Island
BS Pharmacy
Ohio Northern University
MS Medical Education Leadership
University of New England, College of Medicine
Board Certifications and Licenses
Registered Pharmacist in Maine and Ohio
Medication Management Certificate, Tobacco Treatment Specialist Certificate, Community Pharmacy-Based Point-of-Care Testing Certificate
Experiential Education

Hospital Pharmacy

Community Pharmacy


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We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves
Karen Joy Fowler, 2014
Serpent's Tail Books
I love Karen Joy Fowler. She's the perfect mix of sassy and verbose. She's Marian Keyes meets Zadie Smith and I find all of her books entertaining and educational. So it really wasn't a surprise to me that my gut reaction, on seeing a copy of her new book, was to snap it up and then race through what I was already reading so I could bump it WAY up my to read pile.
On first examination, We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves seems to be the typical American family novel set in the late nineties. Think The Virgin Suicides- there is something dark in the family's past, but the narrator isn't going to tell you what yet. Rosemary Cooke is 22 and studying her way through almost the entire course catalogue of Davis University, California. She doesn't have many friends, so it is as strange to her as to everyone else when she gets arrested for throwing her lot in with a violent drama queen named Harlow.
So, Rosemary begins to tell her story, not from the beginning but from the middle. Once, there was a little girl named Rosemary who had a sister named Fern who was the same age as her, and a brother named Lowell who was about six years older. But then something terrible happened, and after that, Fern didn't live with them any more. Lowell blamed Rosemary for the terrible awful, Rosemary and her big mouth, and then a few years later, Lowell ran away. So Rosemary decided that from then on, she would keep her mouth shut. But it's hard to make friends, and hard to find yourself if you don't talk, or even think about the things that happened to you. Hence, book.
If you don't want spoilers, stop reading now and go read.
Except there's a twist. A major one. Fern was not adopted out, killed, abducted or taken away in a bizarre divorce custody arrangement.
Fern was a chimpanzee raised alongside human Rosemary to see if she could learn to be more like her, and she was sent away to a research lab.
I didn't see that coming.
From the point where this is revealed, the book becomes a manifesto on psychology and animal rights, about the structure of power in societies and about morality and ethics in research. It is heartfelt, intense and full of insight into the human psyche. In many ways, it is reminiscent of a Sara Gruen novel.
This book was every bit the amazing, surprising read that I expected it to be. Very very pleased.
Five stars.


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In part six, I simply have a list of reasons why Obama won this election.
- When McCain took the low road with trivial negativity, Obama never slung mud back, he simply continued on the high road – very under control
- The negative ads by Obama that were run, were about the issues not about someone the other one associated with – We all have associated with people that others wouldn't approve of, but it doesn't define us or our character!
- Obama was all about the politics of hope and change; McCain, the politics of fear, especially at the end of this campaign.
- Barack Obama excited young voters – 60-70% of young voters supported Obama.
- Obama was the first black candidate for president, but didn't run as the 'black candidate'. That's the difference between him and Jesse Jackson.
- Offering a drastic change from the Bush Administration and was successful in tying McCain to Bush by mentioned the number of times McCain voted with Bush (over 90%)
- McCain's lack of judgement in choosing a VP candidate. It showed that McCain couldn't make smart decisions.
- McCain's age – We all know, we were thinking in the back of our minds: What if he dies in office and Sarah Palin takes over – does she have what it takes?
- A unified Obama campaign never had internal blowups or controversy
- People are drawn to exciting and hopeful candidates, not ones that are on the attack at all times and bring up things that aren't related to the real issues.
- Online Campaigning – Obama's various websites that I mentioned in part 5, the organization, design/layout of his website and how the web was use to organize Obama rallies and events through social networking.
We are all wondering how Presedent-Elect Barack Obama will utilize the web in his presidency. One hint is a website that was launched today: www.change.gov I'm hoping for periodic email updates from a President Obama, similar to how his campaign was.