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Etihad and Ethiopian plan services to Sao Paulo as Latin America-Asia market prepares to grow
Etihad Airways and Ethiopian Airlines intend to launch services to Sao Paulo, the economic heart of the rapidly growing Latin American market. While Sao Paulo is seeing increased capacity from a number of carriers, services from Etihad and Ethiopian are notable for the considerable transfer traffic they will have, including from Asia. Linking the high-growth economies of Asia with their Latin American counterparts has been alluring for many carriers, but distances and aircraft range limitations necessitate all services be one-stop.
Asia-Latin America's traditional, if small time, transfer hubs in North America and Europe have increasingly seen competition from the Middle East. That will be complemented in the next few years with hubs from Africa, first from East Africa and potentially later from West Africa.
Etihad to serve Sao Paulo by mid-2013
Etihad Airways has previously stated its intention to expand into South America in the near future, and recently said it would do so by mid-2013. CEO James Hogan revealed at a recent event in Australia that Sao Paulo will be the carrier's first South American destination.
Etihad intends to open the route with a daily service. It has not disclosed aircraft type, but the route will be served by either a Boeing 777-300ER or Airbus A340-500/600, the carrier's only ultra-long-haul aircraft until A380s and later 787s and A350s are delivered.
Etihad will be the third and final Middle East network carrier to serve Sao Paulo and the larger Latin American market. Emirates opened its Dubai-Sao Paulo service in 2007 and earlier this year opened a service to Buenos Aires via Rio de Janeiro. Both Emirates routes to Latin America are served daily.
Qatar Airways in 2010 opened service to Buenos Aires via Sao Paulo, which is also served daily. Emirates, Qatar and soon Etihad are among a select group of carriers in the world that serve every inhabited continent, giving them bragging rights as truly globally carriers.
Seats between the Middle East and Latin America: 23-Apr-2012 to 29-Apr-2012
|Total Seats
|Qatar Airways
Etihad's capacity based on a single point served daily would be 3360 to 5758 weekly seats depending on aircraft type used. In terms of all airlines operating in Latin America, Emirates places 57th by seats while Qatar places 74th, according to CAPA's Innovata data. Looking just at capacity in lower South America, Emirates places 17th with its 10,416 weekly seats for current schedules and Qatar 24th with its 3,626 weekly seats.
Turkish Airlines, while not based in the Middle East but nearby with strong global transfer traffic, also serves Sao Paulo. Its four-weekly services on the Istanbul-Sao Paulo route give it 2192 seats. Turkish plans to extend its only Latin American route to also include Buenos Aires, starting in Jun-2012.
Ethiopian plans Sao Paulo service, with Kenya Airways to follow
Ethiopian Airlines, in a message to frequent flyers, recently announced its expansion to Sao Paulo but without providing details. The carrier will soon take delivery of its first batch of Boeing 787s, allowing it to place 787s on some of its 777-200LR routes (such as Guangzhou) and potentially re-deploy 777-200LRs to Sao Paulo. It also plans to receive in 2013 two 777-300ERs, which are expected to replace the 777-200LRs now used for Washington Dulles, freeing up 777-200LRs potentially for Sao Paulo.
Only three carriers link Africa directly with Latin America: South African Airways, TAAG of Angola and TACV of Cape Verde. (Other carriers, like Malaysia Airlines, have pulled out in recent times.) But several carriers - not only African carriers but also Indian and Chinese carriers - have expressed interest in opening links between Africa and Latin America.
The China-South America market particularly has huge potential and in future will likely be served via Africa rather than via Europe. Air China now serves Sao Paulo with two weekly flights via Madrid. But as Air China and other Chinese carriers look at launching services to Africa to meet growing demand for China-Africa services, they are also looking at the option of China-Africa-South America services which would meet growing demand for services in all three markets - China-Africa, Africa-South America and China-South America.
The most significant capacity currently in the Africa-Latin America market is from SAA and TAAG, both located in southern Africa. But transfer opportunities to the rest of Africa are relatively limited. Ethiopian by contrast is building a stronger intra-Africa network. It is also rapidly expanding services to Asia, where it could look to facilitate Asia-Latin America traffic through its Addis Ababa hub.
Seats between Africa and Latin America: 23-Apr-2012 to 29-Apr-2012
|Total Seats
|South African Airways
Increasingly becoming a formidable force is Kenya Airways, which plans to not only serve every African nation by the end of next year but every inhabited continent by 2017. It intends to launch thrice-weekly Nairobi-Sao Paulo service with 787s in FY2014/2015.
See related article: Rapidly expanding Kenya Airways charts growth with plan to serve every inhabited continent by 2017
Kenya Airways could pursue a potential partnership with Brazil's GOL, which is increasingly favouring SkyTeam carriers. While Ethiopian currently has a Brazilian ally in fellow Star Alliance member TAM, the newly combined LAN-TAM are expected to choose oneworld as their alliance. That makes a potential partnership less straight forward, although there is no oneworld service between Africa and Latin America or any intra-Africa service outside of southern Africa, where British Airways franchise Comair operates. A partnership, even over alliance lines, could be advantageous to both.
A hinderance to Ethiopian and Kenya Airways is that they will be limited in pulling traffic from central, north and west Africa, where routing from there to Latin America via Addis Ababa or Nairobi would involve significant backtracking. West Africa is an emerging dynamic market, with Arik Air having long-haul routes and Air Nigeria due to resume its long-haul network next month. While the focus has been on traditional long-haul markets like London and New York, service to Latin America in the medium-term is a possibility, especially as carriers start building networks across west Africa, allowing for O&D but also transfer traffic to the world's next aviation hot spot of Latin America.
See related article: Air Nigeria to resume long-haul network as West African aviation grows


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Hospitals rake in more than £100m a year from parking charges
An investigation by Auto Express magazine has revealed that hospitals in England have made an incredible £344 million from parking over the last three years.
The biggest earner is the Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, which raked in a whopping £10.9 million between 2013 and 2016 – followed closely by the Heart of England Foundation Trust, which made £10.3 million.
That's in addition to fines, which acted as a money spinner to the tune of more than a half a million for one hospital over the last three years. The University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust made £555,252 from parking fines between 2013 and 2016, while the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust raised £245,422.
A spokeswoman for the British Parking Association defended the parking charges, telling Auto Express: "While many people attending healthcare facilities expect car parking to be free, the limits on space, costs involved and demand for spaces mean that parking needs to be managed. Often the most effective way to do this is by charging.
"Free parking at hospitals in Wales and Scotland has actually made the situation worse. If the users don't pay for the parking then the trust does."
The investigation revealed that hospitals in Surrey charge the most – at a shocking £3.50 for two hours' parking.
Auto Express editor-in-chief, Steve Fowler, commented: "The amount of cash NHS trusts are raking in is enough to make you feel sick. And it doesn't have to be that way – if hospital parking can be free in Scotland and Wales, why not in England and Northern Ireland?
"As if being ill yourself or having an ill friend or relative isn't stressful enough. Then you have to worry about having the right change, if you're over your allotted time and how zealous the attendants are."
Although some hospitals invested the money made from parking into patient care, a quarter admitted that it goes into maintaining car parks. The investigation also found that 14% don't offer exemptions for blue badge holders or long-term permits.

subset: commoncrawl


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26+ acres on Roan Creek $139,000
1737 feet of river frontage plus field and wooded mountain side. Awesome views of Doe Mountain, Sink Mountain
and Watauga Lake. Great campground spot, hunting lodge, keep it as farm or develop into numerous home sites. Nature lover's dream,
excellent trout stream, wildlife galore. Electric service with Mountain Electric Cooperative, Dry Run Utilities provides water.
Paved road to property line, direct Hwy 167 access.
Click for:
Plat survey |
Property Tax
For Sale by Owner
Ken & Allison Curtis
(803) 524-2410


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The Brenau University Fitness Center´s membership year has begun! Faculty, Staff and Full-time Students have access to the Fitness Center free of charge. Evening and Weekend, Online and Graduate Students, spouses of students, faculty and staff pay a low $90/year membership fee which is prorated each month.
To use the Fitness Center you must complete a membership application each year.
Please call 770-538-4687 with any questions. Further information including hours of operation is available here: http://www.brenautigers.com/f/Fitness_Center.php.
Wednesday, September 05, 2012


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Hardwood and Composite Decking
Exterior Decking are a leading supplier for residential and commercial projects in the UK specialising in Exterpark and Millboard Decking.
Exterior Decking offer a range of professional products that provide solutions for your decking projects. Relied upon by contractors, installers, architects and designers to supply their project with the right decking every time. We hold the largest range of hardwood and composite decking in the UK…why not check out #CPDTuesday
Exterior Decking is the hub for decking supply in the UK, so when choosing your decking product we can provide free educated advice to assist all areas of your project. This can often save you time and money whilst keeping the expectations of the client where they should be.
Our Decking Range
Exterpark Hardwood Decking
Exterpark brand decking is the first "exterior wooden floor" with the looks and comfort of an indoor hardwood floor. FSC ® certified deck boards with a worldwide patented fastening system guarantee the quality and exclusivity of this unique exterior wooden floor. Exterpark is the only hardwood decking with an invisible fixing profile making it the specifiers choice and an industry leader.
Exterpark Composite Decking
Exterpark Tech SHIELD is the latest innovation of composite decking. Using an upgraded construction method, we achieve a wood texture finish that is stain and scratch resistant. Exterpark Tech SHIELD is also made from the same 60% wood content that comes from sustainable forests which are FSC. If your project has green credentials Exterpark Tech is also 100% recyclable being eco-friendly.
Millboard Enhanced Grain Decking
Understandably our most popular range, the enhanced grain boards create a classic decking area that will compliment both traditional and contemporary spaces. the accurate wood grain finish which is hand-enhanced making every board unique, is available in six attractive colours.
Millboard Lasta Grip Decking
For use wherever extra slip resistance is required Last Grip 40 has two integral textured strips moulded into the soft elestomer surface. Covering over a third of the surface area, excellent slip resistance is achieved without the risk of personal injury inherent in highly abrasive grip strips. The non-porous Lastane surface repels algae and needs no maintenance, simply mop with soapy water.
Millboard Weathered Oak Decking
Adding character and style, these charming boards create decking areas of timeless beauty. Taken from hand picked antique wood samples of over 100 years old. Available in two distinctive colours, all boards have the Lastane soft anti-slip surface making them as safe as they are good looking.
Millboard Carbonised Decking
Carbonised effect composite decking and wall coverings like no other, with colours that compare to the dying embers of a log fire and the charred effects of a burnt wooden board. Our composite range of Japanese inspired Millboard products made from rubber coated polyurethane available in Carbonised Oak and Embered Oak effects.
As seen on TV!
Our Kurupay Hardwood Decking was featured on Ep. 3 of ITVs 'Love Your Garden', first aired 8th July 2014.
Trusted by major brands
We have a portfolio of commercial decking installations from restaurants, hotels, hospitals, schools and nursing homes.
Finest Hardwood Decking
At Exterior Decking we are at the forefront of supplying the finest hardwood decking materials, educated designs and professional installation. Based in Amersham, Buckinghamshire we cover the Home Counties, London and the Middle East.
Our Exterpark Hardwood Decks are unsurpassed for quality, longevity and considered the best available. The selection of hardwood decking available to include, Ipe, Teak, Massaranduba, Kebony, Merbau, Kurupay, Cumaru, Elondo in Exterpark, smooth and bespoke profiles.
Our Millboard composite decking is the leading brand and we have been supplying and installing since the product began.
Specified by world leading designers and architects, Exterior Decking is the first choice when your project demands premium materials, qualified structural designs and expert installations.
From Twitter
We have a range of brochures for our Exterpark and Millboard ranges


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The Assets Admiral Association was contacted aftermost ages by the ancestors of an Army Reservist from Georgia who served in World War II and the Korean War, and had afresh died. As an infantry officer, he had accustomed the Purple Heart and Silver Star — the nation's third-highest adornment for valor.
The government was abnegation to bite on his headstone one key word: "Korea."
Like abounding associates of the Assets and Guard, again and now, this hero had not been provided a assertive anatomy certifying his action account in Korea. The abridgement of that anatomy was preventing the Department of Veterans Affairs from citation his Korean War account on his headstone.
Nearly bisected of today's U.S. aggressive — including our Coast Guard — serve in the assets components. They are "reservists" in the federal assets (the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force reserve) and the Civic Guard. Together, these assets apparatus and the "regular," or alive component, represent the "Total Force" anatomy of our civic defense; they are commutual and cannot finer accomplish in war afterwards anniversary other. As an example, Navy sources accompaniment that, of every 10 aggressive intelligence admiral and enlisted troops deployed, eight are associates of the assets components.
As of September 2017, from the best recent Department of Defense Assets Personnel Master Files Report, some 815,000 reservists were in uniform. Since 9/11, added than 900,000 members of the Assets and Civic Guard have been mobilized to advice action the war on terror; added than 1,200 accept died in the war.
For reservists, account agency a absolute charge to leave family, jobs and noncombatant activity back the nation calls. Unlike approved forces, they accident the disruption of their noncombatant careers so they can serve the country. As our approved armament are reduced, we will see greater assurance on the reserves, which accept become an operational force acclimated now added than anytime before.
However, abounding reservists do not allotment in the allowances they earned. Associates of the assets apparatus alleged to alive appointment for up to, but not more than, 90 days, will not accept the Department of Defense Anatomy 214, Certificate of Absolution or Acquittal from Alive Duty. The DD Anatomy 214 is issued aloft a account member's retirement, break or acquittal from alive duty in the armed armament of the United States. The DD-214 is additionally issued to associates of the assets apparatus in time of war, civic emergency, or back alleged up by the president.
A DD-214 is apparently a veteran's best important document: it verifies aggressive account for benefits, retirement, application and associates in veterans' organizations; it is the key that unlocks the aperture for a veteran. Advice may accommodate the date and abode of admission into alive duty; home address; date and abode of absolution from alive duty; home abode afterwards separation; aftermost appointment assignment and rank; aggressive job specialty; aggressive education; decorations, medals, badges, citations and attack awards; absolute admirable service; adopted service; and break advice (such as blazon of discharge).
Yet abounding — endless hundreds of bags — of reservists who accept advantageously served their nation in accord and war cannot amuse the claim for arising of the form. Largely an antiquity of the Cold War, back reservists were in the "strategic reserve" and rarely, if ever, mobilized, the "90-day requirement" now prevents disinterestedness in a force whose deployments accept accomplished aberrant levels.
Paradoxically, while operational bounce and deployments accept surged, abundant beneath common is the active-duty aeon that exceeds 90 days. Thus, a reservist can (and abounding do) serve an absolute 20-year career afterwards "earning" a DD-214. Is that how America wants its citizen-warriors treated?
According to VA Pamphlet 26-7, "There is no one anatomy acclimated by the Affluence or Civic Guard that is agnate to a DD Form-214," that meets "Proof of Account Requirements." This is a big botheration for reservists aggravating to accretion admission to veterans' allowances who don't accept the anatomy that the Department of Veterans Affairs and accompaniment adept agencies crave to actualize eligibility.
While reservists don't accept a DD-214 aloft break that captures their complete record, they may appeal a letter from their account (such as the Army) absorption this advice — but no accepted Department of Defense-approved break anatomy exists; thus, the reservist charge ask for a non-standard record. Abounding don't alike apperceive this advantage exists.
The Civic Guard Bureau Anatomy 22 is the Guard's workaround band-aid for amid members. A Pentagon-approved DD-214 blazon of account would be a unitary, connected almanac for all reservists.
Emphasizing the accent of the DD-214 and the amends paid by those who don't accept one, a 2015 law created the VA ID agenda to action as affidavit of account and save veterans the agitation of accustomed about DD-214 forms. (In an oversight, the law afar associates of the U.S. Public Health Account and commissioned associates of the Civic Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, both advised veterans by law and advantaged to adept benefits. VA admiral assured the Assets Admiral Association that they apprehend a band-aid by May.)
The ID agenda is a abundant idea, but if you don't accept a DD-214 to activate with …
It's time for Congress to admit the account of America's citizen-warriors and end the bigotry by administering that all account associates amid from the Assets or Civic Guard, including those authoritative attendant requests themselves or through actual ancestors members, accept a DD Anatomy 214 blazon of statement.
Such a account will ensure that our citizen-warriors in the Assets and Guard, and their families, will accept acclaim for their atonement account to our nation.
Jeffrey Phillips is controlling administrator of the Assets Admiral Association of the United States, which promotes a able and accessible assets force. He is a retired U.S. Army Assets above general.
John Rothrock is ROA's administrator of legislation and aggressive policy, and is a conduct Navy Reservist.
Do You Know How Many People Show Up At Us Army Form Dd 10 | Us Army Form Dd 10 – us army form dd 214
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Sounds: Old Money – Certified Space Trade MixPosted: July 16, 2013 Filed under: Mixtapes, Sounds | Tags: Old Money Leave a comment
Video: Bishop Nehru – " Fickle Mind$"Posted: June 11, 2013 Filed under: Mixtapes, Video | Tags: Bishop Nehru Leave a comment
Youngblood (and Rockland County native, my hometown/county) heading out on tour with Wu-Tang Clan, giving the legacy of Shyheim a run for its money. Download new Bishop Nehru mixtape here.
Mixtape: Trap NationPosted: May 13, 2013 Filed under: Mixtapes 1 Comment
Mixtape: The Hood Internet – Mixtape Volume SevenPosted: April 30, 2013 Filed under: Mixtapes | Tags: The Hood Internet Leave a comment
Yes, it's kind of a mashup, but I'm finding this to be more interesting than Girl Talk.
Mixtape: Big Boi and Killer Mike – Shoes For RunningPosted: April 26, 2013 Filed under: Mixtapes | Tags: Big Boi, Killer Mike Leave a comment
What? Big Boi and Killer Mike have a new mixtape? Yes, they do.
Mixtape: AraabMUZIK – For Professional Use OnlyPosted: February 15, 2013 Filed under: Mixtapes | Tags: AraabMUZIK Leave a comment
I've been posting tracks for the past two weeks, and finally here it is – the new AraabMUZIK mixtape. Download here.


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General Questions
What is the Presidential Executive Order on Immigration?
"Protecting the Nation from Terrorist Entry in the United States, signed on March 6, 2017 is an Executive Order which includes a travel entry ban on nationals from certain countries and a call for information sharing to avoid nationals of new countries from being included in the travel ban. The 90-Day entry ban under Section 2(c) expired on Sunday, September 24, 2017, except for the portion relating to refugees, which expires on October, 24, 2017. Therefore, a proclamation was issued by the President to place restrictions on certain countries. The current list of countries comprises five that had been included in the prior 90-day entry ban (Sudan was removed), and three new countries: Chad, North Korea, and Venezuela.
The executive order can be found here https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/03/06/executive-order-protecting-nation-foreign-terrorist-entry-united-states
How has University of Kentucky and the UK International Center responded to the Executive Order?
At the University of Kentucky International Center we understand that our first responsibility is to support our fellow students and colleagues. We take their fears and worries seriously, and understand that these times call us to be allies to those who are vulnerable.
The UKIC has been keeping up with the immigration updates and will continue to be vigilant, proactive and in close communication with University leadership. Please refer to President Capilouto's campus message dated January 30, 2017.
Where Can I find Legal Support?
Students with legal questions are strongly encouraged to seek prompt legal advice for their specific personal and family circumstances. Resources to find an immigration attorney include:
American Immigration Lawyers Association Immigration Lawyer Referral Service – provides referrals to immigration attorneys across the U.S. - http://www.ailalawyer.com/
ISSS can provide the names of some immigration attorneys. See attorney list below.
UK Student Government Association –A local attorney provides free on-campus consultation for any legal issue. If you would like to set-up an appointment, you can contact Lynn Fresca, Staff Associate/Student Government Office Manager via email or call 257-3191.
Maxwell Street Legal Clinic - Offer a range of low-cost legal services for low-income immigrants and refugees. For more information visit their web site: https://www.kyequaljustice.org.
Where Can I find Other Support?
- Bias Incident Support - To report an incident of bias and receive support please visit the website.
- Counseling Center - Counseling Center (UKCC) in Frazee Hall is ready to assist as appropriate. Call 257.8701 or visit Frazee Hall, room 106 for an Initial Assessment (IA), M-F, 9am-3pm or visit their website.
- The Office Academic Ombud Services - Supports and assists students with academic accommodations. Please visit their website for more information.
How do I find an Immigration Attorney?
Below is a list of attorneys provided as a courtesy to help UK students and scholars who may need help with locating an attorney. This list is not exhaustive. For immigration matters that don't require University sponsorship or financial support (employment-based petitions), students and scholars can use any attorney of his or her choice. The American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA) is also an excellent resource for locating attorneys: www.aila.org. Click on "Need a Lawyer."
Firms with Kentucky Locations:
Dinsmore & Shohl
101 S. Fifth St., Suite 2500
Louisville, KY 40202
Phone (502) 540-2300 Fax (502) 585-2207
255 E. Fifth St., Suite 1900
Cincinnati, OH 45202
Phone (513) 977-8200 Fax (513) 977-8141
Judith K. Jones- Toleman
PO Box 118
Lexington, KY 40588-0118
Phone (859) 396-7230
Stoll Keenon & Ogden PLLC
Charles R. Baesler Jr.
Stoll Keenon, Ogden
300 W Vine St., Suite 2100
Lexington, KY 40507-1801
Phone (859) 231-3944
Wyatt Tarrant & Combs
250 West Main St., Suite 1600
Lexington, KY 40507
Glen Krebs
(859) 288-7409
Firms located outside Kentucky:
Jeffries & Corigliano, LLP
1560 Broadway, Suite 914
New York, NY 10036-1537
(212) 764-4222
Ware | Immigration
3850 N. Causeway Blvd., Suite 555
Metairie, LA 70002-1752
(800) 537-0179 Fax (504) 830-5909


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There is an unshakable belief by most humans, irrespective of religion or cultural background, that they have a soul or some essence of themselves which is immortal. The question of spiritual immortality has usually been approached from the point of view of what happens to us after we die. But the same question can be asked in a different form: if there is a spirit and it is immortal, where were we before we were born? Though most of the lay literature has been focused on life after death, there is a small but growing popular literature (1,2,3), as well as websites (4), on pre -life memories, usually by small children. This literature is all based on anecdotal stories and thus disregarded by scientists.
A paper has recently appeared, however, in Child Development (5) by a Boston University team which tried to study a child's conception of the pre-life from which he/she came. Their aim was to find out where beliefs of an immortal soul come from, whether it is hard-wired in our biological make-up or learned through religious teachings, cultural influences such as books and movies, or simply intuition. Their reasoning was that by asking very young children about their pre-life, there would be fewer cultural and religious forces which would have influenced them (especially since Catholicism, the religion of one group, teaches that life begins at conception).
They interviewed 283 children, ages 5-12, from two groups, one from an indigenous Shuar village in the Amazon Basin of Ecuador which has no concept of a pre-life, and the other from an urban area near Quito, Equador (Catholic). They showed the children drawings of a baby, a young woman, and the same woman pregnant. They then asked the children a series of questions about their concepts of the baby's abilities, thoughts and emotions during three periods: as a live baby, as a baby in the womb, and before conception.
The results showed that both sets of children had amazingly similar answers, despite their very different cultures.
"The children reasoned that their bodies didn't exist before birth, and that they didn't have the ability to think or remember. However, both groups also said that their emotions and desires existed before they were born. For example, while children generally reported that they didn't have eyes and couldn't see things before birth, they often reported being happy that they would soon meet their mother, or sad that they were apart from their family." (6)
Natalie Emmons, one of the researchers is quoted:
"They didn't even realize they were contradicting themselves," said Emmons. "Even kids who had biological knowledge about reproduction still seemed to think that they had existed in some sort of eternal form. And that form really seemed to be about emotions and desires." (6)
The researchers tried to explain why humans might have evolved such a universal belief in eternal existence by hypothesizing it to be a "by-product of our highly developed social reasoning." (6) But there may be two other explanations.
One comes from a now generally discredited study published by geneticist Dean Hammer, the director of the Gene Structure and Regulation Unit at the U.S. National Cancer Institute, and author of the 2005 book The God Gene: How Faith is Hardwired into our Genes. This study was never peer-reviewed and never published in a journal, but rather in a book form. The so-called God gene is VMAT2, which codes for a vesicular monoamine transporter which regulates the levels of the brain chemicals serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. Classic twin studies by Lindon Eaves and Nicholas Martin have previously shown that feelings of self-transcendence (of self-forgetfulness, the feeling of connectedness to a larger universe, and mysticism) are heritable. Hammer analyzed DNA and self-transcendence scores from over 1000 individuals and identified one particular gene, VMAT2, to have a significant correlation.
Why would humans evolve a biological mechanism for predisposition to mysticism, a higher being, and eternal existence? Hammer's hypothesis goes something like this: Once humans evolved consciousness, and they observed their loved ones dying, they realized that they would soon die too. Those that had evolved an ability to believe in a higher being and an eternal life as a spirit would be less anxious and depressed about their own demise and would, thus, procreate more. The others would be faced with their own doom without any belief system to give them any sense of meaning or a predisposition to go on.
The other possibility of why most of us seem to believe in an eternal existence is simply that it is true.
1. Spirit Babies: How to Communicate with the Child You're Meant to Have by Walter Makichen
2. Stories of the Unborn Soul: the mystery and delight of Pre-Birth Communication by Elisabeth Hallett
3. Coming From The Light by Sarah Hinze.
4. Light Hearts
5. Natalie A. Emmons, Deborah Kelemen. The Development of Children's Prelife Reasoning: Evidence From Two Cultures. Child Development, 2014; DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12220
6. Boston University. "Belief in immortality hard-wired? Study examines development of children's 'prelife' reasoning." ScienceDaily, 27 January 2014.


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After the past few months of takeout, convenience foods, and generally processed crap, it feels really good to have my schedule freed up enough to get back to cooking for fun. Add in the fact that we're now trying to eat a bit healthier – more veggies, less processed stuff, etc – AND the fact that the cooler temps make me want to spend a bunch of time in the kitchen.. and we've been eating WELL lately.
Last night, I put together this recipe to satisfy a few things. We hadn't had wild rice in AGES and it sounded good. We had some spinach that had seen better days, and I wanted to use up the last little bit of our sage plant outside, before the temperature killed it. Hubby had mentioned stuffed peppers while at the farmer's market this weekend, and this seemed like a good way to make use of everything.
… the filling ALMOST didn't make it into the peppers. I think we would have been perfectly happy standing over the stove and just snarfing the lot of it straight from the pan! SO good.
Wild Rice and Sausage Stuffed Peppers
Serves 4
4 green bell peppers*
1 Tbsp olive oil
1 yellow onion, chopped
8 oz sliced mushrooms of choice (We use Baby Bella)
3 garlic cloves, pressed
12 oz sausage chub**
3 cups fresh baby spinach, ripped up
2 cups cooked wild rice
1 Tbsp finely chopped sage
salt and pepper
1 cup chicken stock or broth
Preheat oven to 350 F
Carefully slice the tops off each of the bell pepper, scoops seeds out and discard. Arrange seeded peppers in a small baking pan – I use an 8 x 8″ square brownie pan.
Saute onion, mushrooms, and garlic until vegetables are soft. Add sausage meat, continue continue cooking – breaking up sausage into small bits – until sausage meat is browned. Add spinach, cooking until spinach is well wilted. Stir in wild rice and sage, season with salt and pepper to taste.
Stuff filling into peppers, arrange any extra filing in between peppers. Pour chicken broth over peppers.
Bake for about 40 minutes, serve hot!
* We like our stuffed peppers warm but crispy. For softer stuffed peppers, cook seeded peppers in boiling water for about 5 minutes, and drain well before stuffing.
** I love using the Papa George's brand of sausage. It's about a million times better than anything else on the market, is perfectly seasoned and flavoured, and has almost no fat in it. We'll use either the regular, hot, or sage flavoured sausage chubs in this recipe
|Interested in Gluten-free cooking and baking? You'll LOVE Beyond Flour: A Fresh Approach to Gluten-Free Cooking and Baking!
How many times have you come across a gluten-free recipe claiming to be "just as good as the normal version!", only to wind up with weird textures, aftertastes, etc? Most gluten-free recipes are developed by taking a "normal" recipe, and swapping in a simulated "all purpose" gluten-free flour… whether store bought, or a homemade version. "Beyond Flour" takes a different approach: developing the recipe from scratch. Rather than swapping out the flour for an "all purpose" mix, I use various alternative flours as individual ingredients – skillfully blending flavours, textures, and other properties unique to each flour. Supporting ingredients and different techniques are also utilized to achieve the perfect end goal … not just a "reasonable facsimile". Order your copy here.
|Looking for even MORE fantastic gluten-free recipes? Beyond Flour now has a sequel: Beyond Flour 2: A Fresh Approach to Gluten-Free Cooking and Baking!
Imagine gluten-free foods that are as good – or better! – than their traditional, gluten-filled counterparts. Imagine no longer settling for foods with bizarre after-tastes, gummy consistency, and/or cardboard texture. Imagine graham crackers that taste just like the real thing. Crisp, flaky crackers…without the sandy texture. Hybrid tortillas that: look and act like flour tortillas, with the taste of fresh roasted corn! Imagine chewy, delicious cookies that *everyone* will want to eat! Imagine BAGELS. If you've cooked from "Beyond Flour", you already know that these fantasies can be reality – it's all in the development of the recipes. Order your copy here.


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When looking for a commercial property, there are several things to consider. First impressions are everything, so take time to think about what your property should say about your company. It also provides a base from which you can conduct your business. You will need to think about your specific requirements and where you may be able to compromise.
Choosing a location
Location is an incredibly important factor. For retail premises, you will need to be near your customers. You cannot always rely on natural footfall, especially if you are selling specialist products. Customers need to be able to find you and get to you easily. This means that local transport links are vital (the same goes for companies that deliver a lot of their goods - being near major roads is a must). You should also think about the way your staff get to work - are there good commuting routes or does the property have reasonably priced parking available nearby or on site?
When considering a particular area, ask the local businesses what they think of the neighbourhood, as well as its advantages and disadvantages.
Arranging your finances
Interest payments on commercial properties are tax deductible and owning a property means you will be safe from rent increases. If your property rises in value, your business will benefit from capital gains. However, leasing commercial property has its advantages - You'll avoid interest rate rises, you'll have more flexibility should your circumstances change and you can save on initial outlay.
You will need a deposit of around 20-30% in order to purchase a commercial property. You will probably need to commit to a mortgage term of at least 15 years. Most mortgage repayments are a similar rate to rental prices. When renting, read carefully through the lease to see what financial commitments are involved on top of the rent.
Making changes to a property
Should you find a property that is slightly larger than your needs, but meets all your other requirements, you can consider sub-letting part of the building to another party. This is dependent on your landlord/lender's agreement to do so, but could decrease your property payments.
If you need to adapt a property to suit your business needs, it is easier to do so when you own the property. However, when considering a rental property, don't forget to ask if you can tweak it for your requirements. Commercial properties are covered by the Town and Country Planning (Uses Classes) Order 1987, which categorises business uses.
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DetailsAVANTA GENERAL ADMISSION, RESERVED SEAT & SEASON TICKETS For maximum control over general admission and reserved seating events. Single-event admission tickets or season strips, in horizontal or vertical formats, custom printed to your specifications. Over-printing available for designated seating or special performances. Optional back-printing for management clauses, sponsors, and coupons. Enhance your tickets by adding your company logo or a sponsor's logo. Superior quality, guaranteed accurate in every detail, backed by outstanding customer service, priced lower than you would expect for a ticket that offers so much. Built-in safeguard features to help prevent counterfeiting and color copying - ensuring authenticity and maximizing profits.
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Children and teens in the U.S. juvenile system report high rates of behaviors that put them at risk of HIV/AIDS, according to a survey released Wednesday. The study of juvenile detainees in Chicago found that nearly all had, at some point, put themselves at possible risk of contracting HIV -- most commonly through unprotected sex or getting tattoos with potentially dirty needles.
In the report, "HIV and AIDS Risk Behaviors in Juvenile Detainees: Implications for Public Health Policy," published in the American Journal of Public Health (2003;93(6):906-912), Dr. Linda A. Teplin, a legal health expert at Northwestern University, and colleagues call for corrections officials to do more to prevent the spread of HIV. "These kids may be too busy skipping school to learn about HIV, and they don't have much parental support in their lives. The best chance to educate these kids may actually be in prison," she said.
The researchers interviewed 800 young offenders in Chicago's Cook County Temporary Detention Center. Ninety-five percent of the juvenile detainees said they had at some point engaged in at least three behaviors that could put them at risk of HIV, and roughly two-thirds of them reported 10 or more behaviors that upped their chances of contracting the virus. While such risky behaviors like unprotected intercourse and getting a tattoo were more widespread among older teens, the younger ones were close behind. More than half of girls ages 10 to 13 said they were sexually active, and most admitted to using marijuana and alcohol -- which, Teplin said, could impair their judgment. Very few, however, reported having injected drugs or shared needles. And while many reported having sex while drunk or high, the majority said they had recently used protection.
Last year, close to a half-million juveniles spent time in jail, providing an important forum for education, according to Teplin. "We can target a lot of high-risk kids in detention centers," she said. "Intervening could have big pay-offs for the community."


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Get Best Valentine s Day Messages 2017 to share with your loved ones sunny s guide to sucking cock. Celebrate Valentines Day with these amazing Valentines Day Messages 2017 steak & bj day merchandise. The tradition of Valentine s Day is believed to have originated from the pagan customs of the Third Century or Fourth Century B tom birdsey of maryland valentine week list 2017 dates schedule rose day propose day hug day kiss day chocolate day full list. C most countries celebrate valentine s day the same way as in the us. , when the Parentalia and Feralia let s take a look at some love traditions that are a bit different. Valentine s Day - View romatic love quotes, messages, poems, wallpapers, wishes, greeting cards, gifts and many more (holiday traditions) st. Happy Valentines Day Pictures, valentine day list, valentines day messages, valentines day ideas for her, valentines day quotes, valentines day images During the Australian gold rush period, miners who were suddenly in possession of money from the new-found wealth of the Ballarat Mines were willing to pay a princely valentine s day definition and summary. Funny Valentine's day quotes: great funny quotes about Valentine's day, sayings, greetings and wishes Valentine s Day information, facts, history, activities, puzzles, and poetry st. Valentine s Day is celebrated on 14th February, the feast day of St valentine s day, named after an actual christian and catholic saint (or, possibly, up to three), is no longer. Valentine valentine s day is celebrated on february 14. It is a traditional celebration in which lovers, partners and married couples express it is a festival of romantic love and many people give cards, letters, flowers or presents to their spouse or partner. Valentine s Day is one of the international holidays in our country valentine s day is a time to celebrate romance and love and kissy-face fealty. Many people make a declaration of love and propose marriage on that day but the origins of this festival of candy and cupids are actually dark. Lovers make surprises updated - feb 2015. Valentine s Day (Saint Valentine s Day) is an occasion celebrated on February 14 teaching heart s valentine s day theme unit!! valentine s day lessons, printables, links, and activities for lovely teachers!!! valentine's day is a time when people show feelings of love, affection and friendship. It is the traditional day on which people express their love for each other by it is celebrated in many ways worldwide and falls on february 14 each year. Valentine s Day cards are a lasting way to tell someone how much you love them this holiday 21-day valentine's challenge: extending the romance beyond today. Shop Hallmark for the widest selection of Valentine s Day cards twelve years ago, keith and i celebrated what was likely our last valentine's day. Freely admired her, and she felt sure that it was he who had sent her a beautiful valentine; but her sister seemed to think so lightly of him (all young ladies think valentine s day gifts from zazzle make the day extra special! find personalized valentine s day gifts for everyone. Find out more about the history of History of Valentine's Day, including videos, interesting articles, pictures, historical features and more celebrate love with zazzle today! find out more about valentine s day, including the story of its origin, symbols, and traditions. Get all the facts on get all the facts on history. Links: Steak and BJ Day cards com. Cook a Texas T-Bone or Broiled Santa Fe Steak white day (ホワイトデー, howaito dē?) is a day that is marked in japan, south korea, taiwan, and china on march 14, one month after valentine s day. Sunny s guide to sucking cock


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Opposition leaders say their roadblocks in Kyiv streets attacked – Tiahnybok
The opposition leaders have stated that Euromaidan protest activists' roadblocks in Kyiv streets have been attacked.
"They are storming our roadblocks," Svoboda Party leader Oleh Tiahnybok said at a press conference at the national resistance headquarters on Monday.
He said that the main attacks were directed at the roadblocks organized by the activists around the site of the protest.
"A picket has been beaten," leader of the Batkivschyna faction Arseniy Yatseniuk said.
The stance of pro-EU activist protesting at Independence Square remains unchanged, Yatseniuk said. "We do not beat policeman, we do not use force, we do not have any weapons and we do not have any special means," he said.
If law enforcement authorities use force, this will have "unpredictable consequences," Yatseniuk said.
The Interior Ministry's special purpose units want free access to Bankova Street so that Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych can pass, the opposition leaders said.
"As to freeing streets for Viktor Yanukovych to pass, as we have said: pickets are held throughout Kyiv but everyone can walk to work. This is how the government got to work and it is necessary for the president to walk on foot too in order to meet with the U.S. Under Secretary of State," Yatseniuk said.


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Denture Repair in Huron, SD
Your dentures give you a bright, beautiful smile. They make it possible to enjoy your favorite foods, and they allow you to experience a better quality of life. But broken dentures can bring your normal routine to a screeching halt. Damage to your dentures is more than just inconvenient; it's uncomfortable and embarrassing. When you need denture repair in Huron, SD, Huron Smiles can help.
Quick, Effective Service
At Huron Smiles, we understand how important your dentures are to you. That's why we aim to provide prompt, professional denture repair services so that you're out the door and back to your busy schedule as quickly as possible.
You don't have to put up with the embarrassment of broken dentures. Get your smile and your confidence back with denture repair service from Huron Smiles. Call today for more information.
The dental hygienist Allyson is so great! My 11 year old and I both saw her; she does a fantastic job with explaining everything while being kind, gentle, and personable. My husband had Megan as his hygienist and said the same thing about her. We had Dr. Morales come in and he was friendly and encouraging.
As always, everyone at Huron smiles was friendly and helpful and compassionate. Dr. G was always checking with me as to my comfort during the procedures and did her best to keep pain at a minimum. Her Tech/Assistant was terrific also.
Everything worked as expected.
Done a nice job . Gave me good advice on future work that should be done. Everyone was very polite.
Amazing experience for our kids and ourselves. They were very concerned with my comfort throughout a long procedure. Making sure the procedure was pain free was their main concern. They are also great at scheduling and getting their patients in very quickly. I cannot say enough great things about them!!!
If you are looking for a new dentist, you will not be disappointed joining Huron Smiles! Exceptionally friendly, thorough, and conscientious. All of the staff were great!
Very friendly helpful and fun staff very very happy with the results I got from them 😃😃😃😃😃
I just had my first appointment at Huron Smiles. Everyone there was so welcoming & friendly. They made me feel like I was "one of the family."
Friendly, fast service. Attentive to my needs
Very professional and latest in technology
My daughters LOVE coming to the dentist, thanks to Dr.'s Valerie Drake, Steve Morales & Kassandra Gorena. Libby does a wonderful job with the cleanings and my girls had a great visit! Thanks everyone!!!!!!
First time with Dr. Morales and it went very well. My tooth had been bothering me and they got me in quickly and took care of it. No pain and everything is back the way it should be. Everyone was courteous and professional so I will go back without hesitation.
Very good
Professional and caring service! Willing to work with your schedule so that you can make an applintment anytime.
Libby took my xrays and cleaned/polished my teeth. Very professional, patient and courteous while performing her excellent procedures. Very helpful explaining all options to keep my teeth healthy. I explained my concern for too much water rinse and choking. She listened carefully and avoided all my feared discomfort. THANKS. May I have her next cleaning......?? Yes??
Great staff!! Warm, friendly, compassionate!!
Kind, professional, patient staff. We are blessed to have Dr Drake and Huron Smiles! My dentist of choice!
It was a very learning appointment! Since my cancer surgery and new meds I felt the hygienist and dr Drake gave me some very informative ideas! Thank you, thank you!
No one likes going to the Dentist; But if you are going to go then this is the place! Always professional.
Great service, Libby did a wonderful job cleaning my teeth and everyone was very friendly and helpful! Highly recommend anyone go to get work done here!
They are so friendly and do excellent dental work!!!
Dr. Drake pulled a molar that had a root canal and crown. Tooth was cracked. She pulled it painlessly! I recommend Dr. Drake for all your dental procedures.
I have had many great encounters with Dr. Drake. She is patient, kind, responsive, and really cares making sure her patients have the BEST possible experience. I would highly recommend Dr. Drake.
The entire team truly cares about each and every patient.
Very friendly and took the time to do a great job
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In The End of the Suburbs: Where the American Dream Is Moving, author Leigh Gallagher explains much more eloquently than I ever could what I see in Los Angeles every day: people don't want to move away from the centers of culture and commerce to live on a cul-de-sac in Santa Clarita anymore. The millennial generation in particular, people born in the the years from roughly the early 80's to the early 2000's, are not following the pattern of previous generations by packing up (some might say giving up) and moving to the 'burbs as they come of age and start popping out kids. In Los Angeles, "millennials" and older Gen-X'ers are putting down serious roots, especially on the Eastside in communities such as Silver Lake, Echo Park, Highland Park, and Atwater Village. Continue reading
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Participants: Vernor Vinge, John Gibbons (interviewer)
Vernor Vinge talked about how he got started writing science fiction, about numerical parametrization of group minds, about some characters in "Deepness in the Sky", and, of course, his brainchild -- the concept of Singularity, the ways it could happen, and what current research might lead to it.
10 people were at the discussion. Some have heard more about the concept of the Singularity, others less. Moderator Mike Ignatowski described two common Singularity scenarios. They are:
-- "hard takeoff": a computer develops human-level AI, and then within a few hours doubles, quadruples it, etc., and very soon becomes intelligent beyond our comprehension and takes over the world;
-- "soft takeoff" -- technological advance is gradual enough so any given human does not lose comprehension of what's happening; however, in a few hundreds of years the society and technology nonetheless changes so much that it's incomprehensible to a modern-day human.
We examined some of those scenarios and objections to them.
Participants: Daniel Abraham, Jess Nevins, Vernor Vinge, Sage Walker (Moderator), Don Webb
Topic, according to the convention program: Our panel looks for the coming breakthrough in technology that changes everything.
For another debate on Singularity, see my blog post from the SXSW 2011 Singularity panel with Doug Lenat, Michael Vassar, and Natasha Vita-More.


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Creating Products People Love
How do you create deep emotional connections between consumers and the products and services that they purchase? During this month's webcast, Kevin Young shared his insights on how designers have the unique ability to find the elusive intersection between unmet consumer needs and their subconscious desires. Listen in to:
- Gain insight on how marketing and design teams can best work together to ensure success
- Receive a "behind the scenes" look at how designers come up with innovative new ideas
- Learn the origin of such product successes as P&G's Swiffer and the OLPC – "Hundred Dollar Laptop"
- Identify journey mapping and how it can be used to ensure all consumer touch points are addressed


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Manhattan, New York – October 3, 2019 – Advertly, the leading global mobile Real-Time Bidding (RTB) ad exchange (SMX) and Supply Side Platform (SSP), today releases its global mobile RTB Insights Report for Q2 2019. The report is an in-depth analysis of worldwide exchange data, auctions, bids and impressions across Advertly's SMX platform. It highlights the continued growth of mobile RTB in 2019 and the growing importance of data in mobile advertising across all regions.
Advertly owns and operates the leading global mobile RTB ad exchange and SSP. Advertly's SMX platform serves 50 billion+ ad impressions per month to 250M+ unique visitors in US, EMEA and APAC regions.
"Approximately 65 percent of our publishers want to monetize mobile apps and the rest is mobile web sites," said Maria A, Account Manager at Advertly. "With roughly 466% year-to-year growth in programmatic in-app advertising spend, mobile app developers want to have full control of their inventory and data in a self-serve model.
Programmatic Direct is an attempt to bridge the issues between access and control, and between publisher value and advertiser commitment. Advertly notes that, when a publisher reaches a scale where these types of decisions need to be addressed, using a monetization platform that allows for Programmatic Direct buying is an effective way to offer a more premium inventory to RTB buyers. It allows publishers to move the bar between Direct and Indirect more toward the center of the equation.
RTB at its core provides a way for advertisers to determine the value of the user, as well as the audience they are attempting to reach, on an impression-by-impression basis. The ability to make this valuation in real time, in a competitive environment, means that publishers are able to maximize the value of each of those impressions.
According to Gartner, global mobile advertising spending is forecast to reach $21.0 billion in 2015, up from the estimated $21 billion in 2015. At Advertly the above growth rate is much higher because Advertly's global mobile RTB ad-exchange has seen global brand spend increase significantly for APAC inventory. In Advertly's Q1 2019 Mobile RTB report 89 of top 100 Adage brands had bought media through our demand partners on the SMX exchange. Most importantly Gartner expects the high-growth economies of China and India to contribute increasingly to mobile advertising growth as their expanding middle classes present attractive markets for global and local brands.
Data drives eCPM's higher
Through the efficiencies and technological advances of RTB ad exchanges, advertisers were better able to match brands and messages with their target audiences in Q4 2019. When location and device ID data are present in a SMX bid request, eCPMs increased by up to 264%. Presence of gender and age data increased eCPMs by more than 150% as well.
Demand for mobile publishers and developers is on the rise
The growth in mobile RTB continues to produce staggering numbers, as aggregate RTB performance on SMX saw a 466% increase throughout 2019. Furthermore, fill rates also grew significantly in Q4. The largest fill increases were seen in the U.S. market: +72% for ad networks and +106% for RTB respectively in Q4 in comparison to Q3.
Mobile RTB ad spend is the fastest growth channel going into 2015
In Q4 2019 the U.S. clearly led the global mobile RTB revenue followed by United Kingdom, Germany, and France. Certain APAC and Latin America markets have seen the largest % increase in ad spend. Some of the notable countries were: Brazil (+440%), Netherlands (+142%), Australia (+107%), and Canada (+92%) all experiencing double-or-triple digit RTB growth in Q4 compared to Q3.
Entertainment and CPG were the top spending advertiser categories
Furthermore, the advertiser category with the highest percentage of mobile RTB ad spending in Q4 was entertainment and media with 20%, followed by food and retail (18%), technology and telecom (18%) and business and finance (12%). Overall Q4 2019 saw increased brand attention and budget towards mobile RTB as data and targeting continuously improved
Publishers running ad inventory through Advertly will benefit both from the increase in the value of their ad inventory driven by the audience segments as well as from the increase in relevance of the ads seen by their users. Demand Side Platforms (DSPs) and Ad Networks connected to Advertly will benefit by being able to offer their advertisers enhanced targeting capabilities. Advertisers will benefit by increasing the effectiveness of their ad spend by being able to better reach their desired audience.
Advertly currently has 29 employees and is rapidly growing, with 20 open jobs in its offices in USA, EUROPE and ASIA.


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By now, you have likely been wowed by the incredible technology of 3D printing. Currently, 3D printing is one of the most popular areas for technology research, as the industrial applications are abundant. Not only that, 3D printers have saturated the market, and are becoming increasingly more affordable and available to the public; you may even know someone with a 3D printer in their home. With a 3D printer, one can turn a digital file into a three-dimensional object before their very eyes, which seems to offer endless possibilities.1 It may seem like 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has only just been invented, but in actuality, it has been 30 years in the making.2 As 3D printing has turned a corner, so comes the new technology that everyone is talking about: 4D printing.
What is 4D Printing?
4D Printing uses 3D-printing technology and takes it to the next level. You could think of 4D printing as adding a fourth dimension to 3D printing: time. Essentially, 4D printing creates a three-dimensional object that changes according to its environment.3 4D printing uses geometric code so that the printed object can transform by itself.4 These "smart objects" can assemble themselves or change shape according to their environment. This exciting new technology has caught the attention of a variety of industries due to its many potential uses.
4D printing is a new technology that has only been in development since 2013.5 However, 3D printing — its predecessor that is essential to the technology, has been evolving over the last 30 years. It may seem as though 3D printing is newer than that because there have been so many recent innovations with the technology, but it all began in the 1980s with Charles Hull, co-founder of 3D Systems.6 In 1986, he patented stereolithography, a process that used digital data to create a three-dimensional model.7 In 1992, 3D systems created the first machine that performed this technique, called a stereolithographic apparatus (SLA) machine. Meanwhile, the two other main 3D printing technologies were being invented. In 1988, Carl Deckard of the University of Texas patented SLS technology, which 3D prints using a laser to fuse together powder grains.8 That same year, Scott Crump, co-founder of Stratasys, patented the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) method of 3D printing, the most commonly used today.9 In Europe, EOS GmbH was founded by Hans Langer, which created the first "Stereos" system that offered the first production applications for 3D printing.
In the 1990s, the world of 3D printing expanded, with new leaders emerging with new technologies. In 1992, Stratasys patented FDM, leading others to develop new ways to 3D print. Tools for 3D printing became more widely available, facilitated in part by the Sanders Prototype (now Solidscape) that was one of the first players to offer tools specifically designed for additive manufacturing.10 The '90s also saw incredible new applications for 3D printing in the medical field; the first lab-grown organ was engineered at the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, opening up the door for a 3D printed prosthetic leg, mini-kidney, and blood vessels.11
In 2004, the first self-replicating 3D printer was created. This enabled the mass production of these machines, and now people could have them in their homes. In 2005, the first color 3D printer was released by ZCorp.12 In 2009, the FDM patent was released to the public domain, which facilitated the invention of a slew of FDM 3D printers, the lowering of the price of 3D printers, and more visibility around this technology. Since then, the production of 3D printers has skyrocketed, and public awareness of 3D printing is higher than ever; in his 2013 presidential State of the Union address, Barack Obama mentioned 3D printing as a major issue for the future of the country.13 In the last ten years, 3D technology has seen giant leaps within the medical and commercial industries. In 2013, head of the Self-Assembly Lab of MIT Skylar Tibbits started research into 4D printing, which continues to develop today thanks to the teamwork of Self-Assembly Lab, Stratasys, and Autodesk.14 Today, with the new evolution of 4D technology, we have seen that the future is full of more incredible developments.
How it Works
A 4D printer is essentially a 3D printer that has been adapted to be able to print "smart" materials.15 3D printers use a layering process to create shapes, whether by SLA or any of the other methods. Regardless of which method is used, the basic premise of 3D printing is to successively build layers on top of one another to create a shape. In 4D printing, this same process is used, but is applied to create models that can change themselves. During the process, the smart material bonds with the plastic used to print the object and can absorb water. Once the object is printed, the water in the smart material expands, causing the shape to change. This enables the printed object to have several different dimensions; it could go from a 1D object to 3D, a 2D surface to a 3D object, or morph from one 3D shape to another.16 Each 4D model is specially designed to react and form a new shape when the water expands. While water is used in current prototypes, this material could potentially be made out of a variety of activation materials, such as temperature, vibration, pressure, or light. Once these new activation methods have been fully developed, the possibilities are endless.
Military Applications
The military has shown interest in 4D printing, granting a $855,000 grant to the 4D research efforts of a team of researchers from The University of Illinois, The University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, and Harvard University's School of Engineering and Applied Science, respectively.17 While the research is still in its infancy, there are a lot of potential military applications for this technology. For example, there is a vision of a military vehicle that adapts to the environment in order to protect it from damage and corrosion.18 Additionally, there is talk of uniforms that are able to transform based on environment to better camouflage soldiers or to protect against poisonous gases or shrapnel, as well as self-assembling weaponry.19 This investment in 4D technology reflects the U.S. military's desire to have a firm technological advantage in the battlefield, and 4D printing may reveal itself to be a great boon in the future.
Commercial Applications
The concept of 4D technology already has several commercial industries excited, and it isn't hard to understand why. One such industry is the sportswear industry.20 Research is currently being conducted on a "smart shoe," which would be able to turn into a running shoe when you run that would turn waterproof when you meet a puddle or otherwise adapt to changes in the environment. While many experiments have been conducted into other commercial applications for 4D printing, one can imagine how every industry could ultimately benefit. For example, boxes printed on a 4D printer would be able to unfold and refold themselves.21 Businesses could ship their inventory in these boxes, the boxes would fold themselves, and they could ship them back to the warehouse, saving them millions of dollars on the cost of shipping materials. Just imagine buying a piece of furniture and having it assemble itself once it is out of the box!22 4D printing could revolutionize so many industries that we cannot even fathom everything it will bring. When thinking along these lines, the possibilities are endless.
Medical Applications
Perhaps most astounding developments are the potential medical applications for 4D printing. Currently, the ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES) at Wollongong University is researching 4D printing applications for medicine.23 As we know, 3D printing has already revolutionized the medical field by making prosthetics and implants as well as fabricating tissues and organs.24 4D printing has the potential to be even more radical. One area of research currently being explored is the idea of 4D-printed medical implants.25 These implants could change shape according to changes in the body. For example, a 4D-printed cardiac tube could change shape in response to a sudden change in blood pressure. Additionally, this technology could be used to make drug capsules that release medication in response to illness; for example, if it were to respond with body temperature, the drugs would be released immediately when a fever begins.26
Future Expectations
In the future, 4D printing will have completely changed our world. Houses will be delivered to you in boxes and will assemble themselves. Bridges will never collapse because they will have the ability to repair any damage they experience.27 Your pipes will never freeze because they will be able to expand, contract, and adjust temperature according to the weather. Our clothes will adapt according to temperature and climate. We will live longer because our wearable medical technology will let us know the moment there are any health concerns on the horizon. We will be able to build structures on other planets because we will be able to send materials to deep space without the need for human beings or robots.28 Energy will be completely revolutionized as 4D printers will create solar panels that respond to temperature, expanding and contracting according to their settings.29 Once more research has been conducted, 4D printing promises to change life as we know it.
Further Reading
Interested in learning more about 3D and 4D printing? View the links below.
The Emergence of 4D Printing – TED Talk by Skylar Tibbits
Programmable Matter: 4D Printing's Promises and Risk – Georgetown Journal
3D Printing Raises Ethical Issues in Medicine – ABC Science
How 4D Printing Is Now Saving Lives – Computerworld
A Review on Recent Progresses in 4D Printing – Virtual and Physical Prototyping
- https://3dprinting.com/what-is-3d-printing/
- http://theconversation.com/explainer-what-is-4d-printing-35696
- https://knowledge.ulprospector.com/5423/pe-multi-material-4d-printing/
- http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/Objects-That-Change-Shape-On-Their-Own-180951449/
- http://3dprinthq.com/what-is-4d-printing/
- https://www.allthat3d.com/3d-printing-history/
- https://3dprintingindustry.com/3d-printing-basics-free-beginners-guide/history/
- https://www.sculpteo.com/en/glossary/selective-laser-sintering-sls-definition/
- http://www.livescience.com/39810-fused-deposition-modeling.html
- http://www.solid-scape.com/about/
- https://redshift.autodesk.com/history-of-3d-printing/
- http://www.industryweek.com/emerging-technologies/history-3-d-printing-slideshow#slide-0-field_images-71422
- https://www.youtube.com/watchv=TPSkwndBUpQ&feature=youtu.be
- http://www.selfassemblylab.net/4DPrinting.php
- http://quartsoft.com/blog/201304/what-is-4d-printing
- http://www.stratasys.com/industries/education/research/4d-printing-project
- http://gizmodo.com/why-is-the-us-army-investing-in-4d-printing-1442964294
- https://creators.vice.com/en_uk/article/the-us-army-is-investing-in-4d-printing-expect-crazy-results
- http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2440233/The-rise-4D-printing-From-self-assembling-furniture-camouflage-changing-tanks-U-S-Army-latest-group-develop-morphing-materials.html
- http://journal.georgetown.edu/programmable-matter-4d-printings-promises-and-risks/
- https://all3dp.com/4d-printing/
- https://sites.google.com/site/naomiastral/freaky-science/4d-printing-and-shape-shifting-technology—the-fourth-dimension
- http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12387
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4189697/
- http://www.aventurine.com/what-is-4d-printing/
- https://knowledge.ulprospector.com/5423/pe-multi-material-4d-printing/
- http://www.livescience.com/40888-army-4d-printing-grant.html
- http://newatlas.com/water-sensitive-4d-printing/37238/
- https://knowledge.ulprospector.com/5423/pe-multi-material-4d-printing/


text: USDA Economic Research Service analysis of Agricultural Census data shows that farmers who market food directly to consumers have a greater chance of remaining in business than similarly sized farms who market through traditional channels. Farmers with direct-to-consumer sales had a 6 to 20% higher survival rate. However, analysts found that direct-marketing farms increase in sales more slowly.


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Deluxe Two Bedroom Beachfront Cottage
Our deluxe two bedroom beachfront cottage is part of a recent $1.5 million renovation which opens directly to the ocean with an inviting, well
furnished, covered lanai. The interior has been decorated with inspiring, colorful pieces from local Maui artists. You will also enjoy an efficient
gourmet kitchen complete with Wolf and Subzero appliances, as well as All-Clad cookware. The beachfront location makes it easy for everyone
in the party to stroll out to the lawn and enjoy the beach any time of the day.


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Community Animal Response Team (CART): CART provides professional preparedness response and recovery, resources and community education to ensure the health and welfare of animals before, during and after a disaster. Animals cannot be considered independently of response issues associated with human populations. Animal owners can put themselves and first responders at risk when they take risks in order to save their animals. Animal response issues exist anytime a disaster affects a community. Whether planned for or not, they must be addressed during a response.
The Utah Department of Agriculture and Food encourages individuals interested in preparedness and emergency response to work with their local emergency manager to include animal response planning in their county or city emergency response plans. CART groups may be prepared to respond to everything from sheltering pets in a natural disaster evacuation scenario to an overturned livestock trailer or livestock disease outbreak. If you are interested in starting a CART group in your area, please review the following resources to help gain a better understand of training recommendations and what is involved.
The following are examples of state-level and county-level CART programs in other states. These should be used as examples only and permission to use information from these sites in local planning should be obtained directly from the respective organizations.
Colorado Extension Community Animal Disaster Planning Toolkit
For additional guidance, contact Chelsea Crawford, Assistant State Veterinarian at (801)538-7109.
Secure Milk Supply Plan (SMS): The Utah Department of Agriculture and Food is in the process of creating a Secure Milk Supply Plan. Information for producers and processors on how to participate in the Plan will be released as the project progresses. In the meantime, implementing good biosecurity practices now will help protect your farm against potential disease introductions and prepare you for participation in the Plan. Click here for information on farm biosecurity practices and FREE training materials for farm employees in both English and Spanish.


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Our good friends at the Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate (EPSDD),
has asked that we spread the work of a great job opportunity at the Directorate.
"An exciting opportunity exists for a motivated and experienced Alternative Transport Fuels specialist. The Carbon Neutral Government Section is looking for a flexible, responsive, collaborative and self directed person who is motivated to reduce emissions from government transport operations."
For full details:


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"We cannot imagine anywhere more spectacular or special to have celebrated our marriage and the start of our lives together"Sarah and Sam
The lawns in front of the house provide a beautiful site for a marquee, with an unparalleled view over the park and lake and then up to Ashdown Forest with the famous Winnie the Pooh "Hundred Aker" wood.
The gardens, designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and planted with help from Gertrude Jekyll, with later advice from Vita Sackville West, a De La Warr cousin, provide a really stunning setting.
Marquees can be set up on the top lawn and guests can enjoy drinks on the terraces or wander among the roses in the sunken garden around the lily pool.
The croquet lawn, situated on a lower terrace and reached by descending the 'Sea of Steps', provides the perfect location for more flamboyant marquees.


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The Government Digital Service (GDS) has revealed that GOV.UK will officially replace Directgov on 17 October.
The much anticipated site is set to act as a single domain for citizens accessing services and information across government, but is currently running in beta with new feature being added to the site every week or two.
A new banner on the website says: "Welcome to GOV.UK. From 17 October this website will replace Directgov and Businesslink as the best place to find government services and information."
The cost of the new single-domainwebsite is nearly five times lower than that of Directgov. Cabinet Office minister Francis Maude said in a parliamentary written answer that the budget for 2011-12 and the financial year to date of the GOV.UK, including its alpha and beta sites, is "approximately £4.6 million".
In contrast, the government revealed that Directgov cost taxpayers £21.4 million, or 11p per visitor, in 2010-11.


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These breeding regulations are basis and guidance for an optimal, appropriate and correct breeding of the Schnauzer (miniature and toy) following the VDH/PSK-Standards. The FIPSC e.V. declares as its objectives to breed the Miniature (and Toy) Schnauzer in its common and already approved colours as well as the so-called Parti Schnauzer, which once has already been registered as Parti Schnauzer from 1929 until 1933 in the PSK studbook.
Main rule is to breed in compliance with the Protection of Animals Act. The breeding regulations are binding for all members and breeders.
What means correct breeding? Motivation of breeding must be to maintain and improve the breed type and typical temperament of the miniature schnauzer, to recognize faults and to take countermeasures by careful choice of the parent dogs and well-directed mating. Breeders are persons having a registered kennel, a stud dog and/or a bitch. The breeders are fully responsible for the results. The FIPSC e.V. expects from its breeders to plan and carry out breeding to the best of their knowledge and in all conscience.
1.Requirements for litters to be registered
a) Stud dog and bitch have a pedigree.
b) Stud dog and bitch have successfully passed the breeding qualification criteria, proved by a veterinary, breeder warden or breed standard judge.
c) Colour mixing between the standard colours must be approved by the chief breeder warden. Partis are regarded as colour. Parti = any colour on at least 1/3 white.
d) Mating of the bitch is not allowed before its second heat resp. as of 12 months. Exceptions are not permissible unless FIPSC board approval has been obtained.
2. Breeding age of the dogs
a) After their 8th birthday bitches may not be mated; in case of very few litters and a very good general condition of the bitch a special permit can be
b) Toy Schnauzer must have a weight of at least 3 kg (6,6 lb)
c) Bitches may be mated once a year or by VDH regulations three times in 24 months. Then one year must be exposed, depending on the birth of litter.
d) Bitches must not be mated after having two caesarean sections.
3. Kennel name
a) The registration of the kennel must be requested in front of a litter,
b) The desired kennel name must be filled in the litter announcement.
c) The kennel certificate will be delivered together with the pedigrees of the puppies.
4.Advice note for the stud book office
a) A breeder has to inform the stud book office and the responsible breed warden about a litter within 8 days of whelping.
b) The breed warden will inspect the litter in the first week and when the puppies are between 8 and 12 weeks of age.
c) The advice note must be given to the stud book office not later than 12 weeks after birth.
d) Litter inspections which are not signed by a breed warden or a veterinary will not be handled.
5. Litter registration
a) Litter registration certificate of the FIPSC e.V.
b) Mating certificate
c) Original pedigree of the bitch
d) Copy of the pedigree of the stud dog
e) Proof of breeding qualification of the parent dogs
6. Nomenclature
a) The nomenclature is to be made in alphabetical order.
7. Kennel application
a) After a new breeder applied for the first pedigrees of its kennel, a kennel inspection must be carried out by the breed warden or chief breed warden. The kennel registration will be made automatically together with the litter advice note. The kennel certificate will be made together with the pedigrees of the first litter.
8. Puppies
a) The puppies must stay with the breeder until they are at least 8 weeks old.
b) They must be dewormed, vaccinated, chipped before they leave the breeder.
c) As a rule, puppies are to be sold and transferred to a private individual. Any sales to dog traders or commercial dog breeders result in dismissal with immediate effect.
9. Mating
a) Each mating must be declared to the stud book office and the breed warden by the certificate of mating.
b) If the bitch remains barren, the stud dog owner offers a free stud service at the next oestrus cycle.
10. Contraventions of the breeding rules of the FIPSC e.V.
The following contraventions result in dismissal from the FIPSC e.V. with immediate effect:
a) Unserious sales methods
b) Non-adequate animal housing (cellar, garage oder cage keeping)
c) Contraventions of the Protection of Animals Act
11. Interacting with the breeding club and its members
We expect from our members a loyal behaviour towards the breeding club and its members. Public reproaches in internet portals or other media is unwanted and will result in dismissal from the breeding club, as such behaviour would damage the reputation of the club's breeding.
In case of discrepancies or misbehaviour of members the board must be informed. The board will attend to its clearance.
Passwortänderung! Das Passwort für den Mitgliederbereich wurde geändert. Bei Bedarf bitte anfragen.
(aktualisiert 12.04.2019)
Einladung zur JHV 2019! Die JHV findet am 24.03.2019 statt. Die Tagesordnungspunkte zur Mitgliederversammlung sind auf der Seite "Der Verein" im Mitgliederbereich / Aktuelles zu finden (Download als PDF-Dokument möglich).
(aktualisiert 24.02.2019)
Neue Mitteilungen für Züchter im Mitgliedsbereich
(aktualisiert 04.06.2017)
Neuer Look auf unserer Homepage!
(aktualisiert 02.2017)
Neue HP - new homepage!
Wir starten mit einem komplett neuen Design durch.
(aktualisiert 08.04.2014)
Hier finden Sie uns:
FIPSC e.V. Geschäftsstelle Reschenbergstraße 12 91238 Engelthal
Tel. +49 (0)9158 9289950


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Creating Meaning Through Your Life and Work
As we enter a new year, what are we hoping to create in the world? How would we like to be remembered?
As we enter a new year, what are we hoping to create in the world? How would we like to be remembered?
Shashi Seth, Senior VP of the Connections business unit, has announced he's leaving Yahoo. During his three and a half years at Yahoo, Seth's responsibilities included overseeing Yahoo Search, Local, Shopping, Mail, Flickr, Answers, and many more.
Shashi Seth, Senior VP of the Connections business unit, has announced he's leaving Yahoo. During his three and a half years at Yahoo, Seth's responsibilities included overseeing Yahoo Search, Local, Shopping, Mail, Flickr, Answers, and many more.
Post from: SiteProNews: Webmaster News & Resources
Courtesy of: Online Colleges
Post from: SiteProNews: Webmaster News & Resources
Mobile marketing has steadily been growing for the past couple of years and is expected to double every year for the next five years, as more and more people use Smartphones or other wireless mobile devices. Marketing experts predict mobile marketing will grow into an $20-billion industry.
If you are still in the Dark Ages, and wondering what mobile marketing is; it is a way to engage with those customers who only use wireless devices like Smartphones, iPads and tablets to access the Internet. The key word here is "engage" – building relationships with your customers.
Mobile marketing is also a preferred way of marketing to your customers because they have to give you permission to do so. This includes clicking on a link to opt in, or downloading an app. Your customer can buy your offer immediately and even pay for it from his mobile device, giving instant gratification.
Another reason why mobile marketing is preferred, is the demographics: mobile users are usually in the 18 to 49 age group and usually have a degree and a higher paying occupation, which makes them better able to afford the device.
Other benefits of mobile marketing:
1. It is more affordable than other forms of advertising – just a normal text message fee.
2. You can reach out to people anywhere. You are not limited to your physical area, but to wherever the mobile phone is you are trying to reach.
3. The response rate is higher than with a flyer or classified advertising.
4. The mobile device is a personal item belonging to only one person. You can, therefore, target your marketing more precisely to that person or a group of people like him.
5. The mobile device has joined the wallet and keys as something you always take with you. This means that you can reach your customer anywhere, at any time and that they will read your message almost instantly and act on it.
6. It is easy to pay from a mobile device as payment processors are built into them.
7. You can track the payments back to the mobile number which means you can create a profile of your customer and his buying preferences.
8. You can accurately measure the success rate of your advertising as a result of being able to track sales.
9. The mobile is highly interactive because your customer can text back to you with questions he may have.
10. Wow factor – because mobile marketing is fairly new, most customers have yet to experience it. This makes you and your messages stand out.
11. Your customer can easily share his messages with others, which gives your advertisements the potential to go viral.
You owe it to your business to look into mobile marketing as a new tool for advertising directly to your target market.
Hannah du Plessis is an online marketing specialist and copywriter. Visit Attraction Marketing today and receive a free report: "10 Magnets To Attract Clients."
Post from: SiteProNews: Webmaster News & Resources
A friend of mine who is a genius at learning languages once told me that when it comes to learning a language, "point integrators" are the best, meaning those who just grab words and phrases and start using them, much like a child would, versus the less effective "line integrators," those who can start using new words and phrases until they understand the underlying structure of grammar and syntax – how it all fits together. In the world of learning languages, the point integrators are the geniuses and the line integrators are "challenged."
I'm not sure which one I am, but I know in the fast-evolving world we live in, it's necessary to sometimes do things before you fully understand how everything fits together or you risk missing the bus. Certainly the rapid evolution of mobile technologies has been a bit like that. For some, it's obvious that there are advantages and benefits to be had, so we start grabbing what we can and using it for whatever benefit is available. But are we seeing the big picture? Do we see how mobile relates to the other aspects of the business, not just as a "new thing" but as a game changer that can and should alter the way we look at the whole picture?
Increasingly, it seems to me, mobile technologies are playing the role of bridging the gap between an enterprise's Internet presence and its physical brick and mortar presence.
Major retailers like Wal-Mart, who just won a major award as the 'Mobile Retailer of the Year', are beginning to "get it." When a Wal-Mart customer walks through the door of the store, the store knows he or she is there, in-store, by monitoring the arrival of the customers' cellphone via its GPS. Think about what that means – in walks Tracy. The store instantly knows. It checks her account history and sees what she has previously purchased and immediately filters for specials and/or promotions that fit her buyer profile. By the time she has her cart or basket in hand, she's received a text with a list of "check this out" specials, including which aisle to visit to find these specials. Is Wal-Mart all the way to where it wants to be with this technology? Not quite, but they're getting there and they may well be just where they want to be very shortly because they are indeed the trendsetters and the innovators.
Although Wal-Mart will most certainly take its fair share of licks, stumbles, bumps and bruises while figuring out the best procedures for implementing mobile technology to enhance customer experience, its efforts should continue to keep the company in the top spot in the retail marketplace.
Now let's consider what mobile can do for many other merchants. Instead of just a text message only, digital signage can be used separately or in conjunction with SMS to broadcast tailored ads to individual shoppers. Shoppers' names could even be used as they approach the digital signage video monitor, which has a sensor in it (although that might start getting creepy, at least at first when people aren't used to it).
We will soon see in-store interactive monitors delivering promotional messaging and even answering questions, giving directions and more. The business' website or portions of it will be displayed on an in-store monitor while simultaneously delivering digital signage messaging and enabling online-onsite purchasing via insertion (or swipe) of a credit/debit card on the spot via the mag-stripe or smart-chip card reader that is mounted on the touch-screen monitor.
Geo-fencing can also be used to draw customers into the store. Using the Wal-Mart example again, the store could become aware of the customer's physical presence anywhere within, say, a mile's radius of the store, and can automatically text her news about tailored specials, in effect using that customized message to lure her into the store, even if she had not planned, on that particular day or time, to be there.
Another example – scan and go, where customers can simply scan an item with their Smartphone and bag it on the spot, reducing the checkout process to a single step of making the payment, rather than having to scan-in each item. Any item in the cart or bag that has not been scanned will trigger an alarm on the way out, so no worries on that score. Meanwhile checkout times are decreased dramatically, the number of checkout personnel required is reduced, and the customer experience is enhanced.
We can expect this service sector and the technology, commonly known as MPOS, 'mobile point-of-sale' to mature and morph into adding a valuable set of benefits to our daily lives. Convenience is the biggest benefit. This technology saves us valuable time by providing an easy, even a unique buying experience that enables us to quickly get on our way.
How far will this go? And how quickly?
And are these sci-fi level innovations available only to the major retailers? Or can SMB's avail of them as well? And at what price?
These are items for discussion in upcoming articles. For now, the point is this: the dots between Internet, mobile, and brick and mortar are beginning to connect. Ain't that grand?
Post from: SiteProNews: Webmaster News & Resources
Is Mobile the Glue that Cements Brick and Mortar to the Internet?
Conducting a web search on Facebook will return a new search results page featuring a two-column layout. On the left, you'll find search results plus social details powered by Bing; on the right, sponsored ads and related searches will appear.
Conducting a web search on Facebook will return a new search results page featuring a two-column layout. On the left, you'll find search results plus social details powered by Bing; on the right, sponsored ads and related searches will appear.


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Legal Commentary. This Georgia statute, similar to the Georgia statute on low speed vehicles in O.C.G.A. § 40-6-360, provides that moped operators receive all the same rights and are subject to all the same duties of other drivers in Georgia except the following requirements for motorcycles in the respective Georgia statutes:
- Moped operators are not required for headlights and taillights to be on at all times for motorcycles in O.C.G.A. § 40-6-312
- Commissioner approved windshield are not required on a moped as required on motorcycles under O.C.G.A. § 40-6-315(b)
- Commissioner approved eye-protective devices are not required by moped drives as required on motorcycle operators under O.C.G.A. § 40-6-315(a)
We are a law firm that handles serious motor vehicle accident cases, and we provide a free initial confidential consultation to accident injury victims. To set up your free consultation, send the firm a message online or call toll-free at 866-972-5287 or in Atlanta at 770-717-5100. See full text below:Section 40-6-350 Applicability of Chapter to Mopeds; Exceptions
Every person operating a moped shall be granted all the rights and shall be subject to all the duties applicable to the driver of any other vehicle under this chapter except as to special regulations in this part and except as to those provisions of this chapter which by their nature can have no application. However, the operator of a moped shall not be required to comply with subsection (e) of Code Section 40-6-312, relating to headlights and taillights, or subsection (b) of Code Section 40-6-315, relating to windshields and eye-protective devices.
HISTORY: Code 1933, § 68A-1112, enacted by Ga. L. 1978, p. 2241, § 5; Ga. L. 1990, p. 2048, § 5.


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Swap Don't Shop
These days we hear about so many people stopping buying new clothes for a whole three months or even a year! While, it's a difficult concept for me to grasp, it's definitely something I can think about because let's face it; my closet is expanding but my house isn't!
As a kid, I remember gladly waiting for my sisters to pass on their clothes to me. Not because I didn't buy new clothes, but there's something so magical about wearing your sister's dress. She is someone you admire and love to emulate; and then you wear her clothes and it's just so cool!
So for the next year, here's a new thought. Try and swap clothes. You have a global closet. If you wish to monetize it, you can even rent out your own outfits and earn back some money. You can also decide if it works for you, to sell off some outfits before you can buy new ones. So implement the one in one out rule for yourself. And it's so easy with EthnicThread. Having the EthnicThread app on your phone is like having your best shopping app with you. All you need to do is post pictures and sell, rent or exchange your outfits and accessories! Give it a shot next year