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Our eyes reveal our deepest secrets, but revealing our true age is a secret you can keep to yourself, by turning back the clock by using an anti-aging eye cream.
Dark circles, fine lines, puffiness, wrinkles and other unwanted side effects of aging tired eyes can disappear quickly by using the correct eye cream, but how can you choose the best anti-aging eye cream for you?
- What Is the Right Anti-aging Eye for Your Eyes?
- What Ingredients Should a Good Quality Eye Cream Contain?
- The Top 5 Anti-aging Eye Cream Reviews
- 1. La Roche-Posay Redermic Retinol – Eye Cream to Visibly Reduce Wrinkles
- 2. Neocutis Lumiere Bio-restorative – Best Organic Anti Aging Eye Cream
- 3. Derma-nu Anti Aging Eye Cream
- 4. Olay Total Effects Anti-Aging – Best Anti Aging Eye Cream for 40s
- 5. Majestic Pure Retinal – Best Anti Aging Under Eye Cream
- How Should You Apply Your Anti-aging Eye Cream?
- Overview
What Is the Right Anti-aging Eye for Your Eyes?
Before running out to the shopping mall to get an anti-aging eye cream, there are some things you need to know about eye cream.
Just because it costs more than our monthly mortgage doesn't guarantee that it is going to give you the results that you desire. We need to understand what to look for in an eye cream and then we can choose the best anti-aging eye cream for us.
First off, we need to understand that under our eyes is our body's thinnest and most sensitive skin so it requires extra care.
Plus, every time we open and close our eyes, the muscles around our eyes contract. These movements form fine lines and wrinkles.
As we can't stop contracting our eyes, we can't prevent the formation of wrinkles, fine lines or puffiness as we age, but we can reduce them by using an anti-aging eye cream.
What Ingredients Should a Good Quality Eye Cream Contain?
The types of ingredients used in anti-aging eye creams can greatly differ as each eye cream promises to heal your eyes differently. The effectiveness of your anti-aging eye cream depends entirely on the quality of the active ingredients used.
Here is a small list of ingredients that you should expect to see in your anti-aging eye cream.
Peptides work at tightening the skin tissues under your eyes, which prevents capillary leakage. This results in eyes that sparkle with no under-eye puffiness or droopy bags. Also, this helps the skin produce more collagen, which means fewer wrinkles.
Vitamin K helps to remove the dark circles that can age us beyond years. Vitamin K promotes the growth of new skin cells
Retinol helps new skin re-growth, resulting in your skin looking younger and rejuvenated.
Chrysin is an inflammatory antioxidant that helps reduce the puffiness under your eyes.
The Top 5 Anti-aging Eye Cream Reviews
These 5 anti-aging eye creams are the "cream of the crop". You won't be able to believe your eyes once you begin use them and see the younger transformation on your eyes.
1. La Roche-Posay Redermic Retinol – Eye Cream to Visibly Reduce Wrinkles
This anti-aging eye cream has won awards year after year by many beauty magazines. One of the main ingredients is Retinol, which has been scientifically proven to reduce the appearance of crow's feet, fine lines and dark circles under our eyes.
Use once daily, preferably in the morning and it is suitable for those who have very sensitive skin or use contact lenses. More than 25,000 dermatologists worldwide recommend this eye cream.
- Suitable for those that have sensitivity to creams, also it is hypoallergenic for those with skin allergies. It also is scent-free.
- Easy once a day application that can easily fit into your routine. Just quickly dab on before applying your makeup.
- It actually works, in a matter of days from using, it begins to minimize your fine lines and wrinkles, also reduces the unsightly dark circles under our eyes.
- It is great with all skin types from oily skin to dry skin.
- This eye cream is available nationwide at most department stores nationwide and Amazon.
- It comes with a hefty price tag that might not be comfortable for your purse, but a very small amount goes a long way.
- For those who have deep wrinkles it will take a little longer to see results as opposed to someone with less wrinkles.
2. Neocutis Lumiere Bio-restorative – Best Organic Anti Aging Eye Cream
This wonderful eye cream works to reduce dark circles, puffiness, fine lines and wrinkles. It was voted one of the top best beauty buys for 2016 by In Style Magazine.
PSP is a combination of complex peptides or processed skin proteins. It is a very gentle eye cream and is suitable for those with skin allergies or sensitive skin.
Contains essential oils and extracts and a blend of nutrients that encourage skin tissue and reviving dead skin, making your eyes look younger and brighter. It is fragrance free and colorant free.
- It really does work, helps to reduce the most stubborn wrinkles and droopy bags under your eyes.
- It works wonderful with all skin types, from the driest or the oiliest skin.
- It comes with a short expiration date, so you will have use it faster than other anti-aging eye creams on the market.
- It is difficult to find and is not available at most department stores. You might be able to find it at your dermatologist's office or order it online.
- It comes with a hefty price tag and it works best if combined with an eye cream infused with Vitamin C, meaning more money.
- There are many counterfeit products online claiming to be the original. Make sure you purchase only from an authorized retailer online or at your dermatologist's office.
- The eye cream doesn't absorb quickly into your skin, you will need to rub the cream in or let it sit a bit before applying your makeup.
3. Derma-nu Anti Aging Eye Cream
They claim to be one of the best anti-aging eye creams on the market, providing powerful and deep cell rejuvenation. It contains collagen that will repair your wrinkles and reduce inflammation that can cause puffiness under your fragile and sensitive eye area.
Designed and formulated by experts and using the best Peptides and retinol to give your eyes the much needed love and care they need. Safe for all skin types and formulated for those with sensitive skin.
- If you are not 100% happy with the product within 30 days, they will refund your money, no questions asked.
- It comes with a nice low price that won't break your wallet.
- Uses only natural and organic ingredients, with no harsh chemicals that could damage your skin or eyes.
- Begins to work immediately after applying the cream, making your skin softer and younger. It also is quickly absorbed into your skin, leaving a non-sticky surface so you can apply your makeup easily.
- It is not considered to be hypoallergenic, so it can cause some people to break out in a rash or hives.
- For those with deep wrinkles or quite a bit of puffiness, it will not touch your wrinkles. It is better for someone in their 30's trying to avoid getting wrinkles in the first place, than trying to remove the wrinkles or fine lines.
- It has a strong scent that can cause an allergenic reaction, if you are sensitive to scents or odors.
4. Olay Total Effects Anti-Aging – Best Anti Aging Eye Cream for 40s
An anti-aging eye cream with a name we have come to trust and rely on. This eye cream is jam packed with goodness, as it promises to brighten your eyes and reveal your youthful vibrancy.
It helps 7 of the most troublesome signs of aging eyes such as: fine lines, crow's feet, dark circles, dullness, uneven tone, texture and puffiness.
Use twice a day, once in the morning and once before bedtime. It has been dermatologically tested. You will see the difference in your tired eyes only days after applying this amazing eye cream.
- Its non-oily formula is quickly absorbed into your skin, allowing you to apply your makeup quickly.
- It has been designed for all skin types, including the oiliest and driest skin in the world.
- Comes with a wonderful low price and can be found nationwide at all supermarkets or stores.
- For the price, Olay is giving your 7 types of eye creams in one, and it really will help reduce the skins of aging.
- If ordering online, be careful of counterfeit products and only order from Amazon.
- It can cause an allergic reaction in some who are extremely sensitive to creams. Also, it has a very slight fragrance, it is considered to unsuitable for those with sensitivity to fragrances.
- The product contains a very light sparkle, which might be disagreeable for some. It dries with a light slivery sparkle.
5. Majestic Pure Retinal – Best Anti Aging Under Eye Cream
This anti-aging formula hydrates the skin under your eyes and helps them return to their youthful vigor. The eye cream helps to reduce wrinkles, crow's feet, erythema and hyperpigmentation.
Using the best quality retinal that doesn't irritate your eyes but will rejuvenate your tired eyes.
Majestic Pure eye cream promises to reduce the appearance of getting older by tightening your skin, evening out your skin tone and helps reduce damage caused by the sun.
- Comes with a very accessible price that won't break the bank.
- It is made up of a non-greasy formula that will not leave your face with a sticky residue.
- IN a few days after using, you will notice your skin under your eyes to be firmer and more hydrated.
- May cause skin sensitivity to the sun, always wear with a good quality sunscreen or only use at nighttime.
- It is a very thick cream and will not quickly be absorbed into your skin, making applying your makeup difficult.
- It is not hypoallergenic and can cause allergic reactions in some people.
How Should You Apply Your Anti-aging Eye Cream?
Anti-aging eye cream, in order to work effectively, needs to be applied correctly. When applied correctly it can help moisturize, even your skin tone, repair damage from sun and aging, making you look younger and more awake. But how can you apply it correctly?
Step 1: Eye cream should not be applied on top of the eyelid and it shouldn't be used directly under your bottom lashes.
Step 2: Cleanse your face and clean your hands.
Step 3: It should be applied under your eye, by moving from the inner corner to the outer corner. You will want to dot the cream under your eyes.
Step 4: Press or lightly tap the cream into your skin, avoid rubbing your eyes as this can cause light bruising and dark circles under your eyes.
Step 5: Apply the cream along the orbital bone, using light gliding stokes upwards.
There are so many choices in choosing the best anti-aging eye cream for your tired eyes but these honest and frank reviews of the top-selling eyes creams on the market, will help you pick the best anti-aging eye cream.
After weighing the pros and cons of each eye cream, La Roche-Posay Redermic R Eyes Anti-Aging Retinol Eye Cream comes out on top, as it has no scary side effects such as sensitivity to sunlight and it is suitable for all skin types. Also, it is hypoallergenic, so it won't cause any unsightly breakouts or rashes. There is a reason more than 25,000 dermatologist's worldwide recommend this eye cream. It renews your eyes, reducing all signs of aging in a matter of days.
If you are looking for an anti-aging eye cream that has a slightly lower price tag than the above, check out the runner up, Olay Total Effects Anti-Aging Eye Cream Treatment, which heals 7 signs of aging under your eyes, allowing you to let your eyes shine. It can be found nationwide at all supermarkets.
So, may your eyes keep your most precious secret: your age. May those around you keep guessing your age, as you let your bright eyes shine out at the world.


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A bundle of blooms from a flower vendor at MOA.
reasons to smile
A Wednesday photo meme that depicts something that is JUST BEAUTIFUL. Be it an old or new photo taken by you. Grab your mouse and join us by clicking the above widget. =)
My entry this week:
In spite of a funny local name, this flower is just beautiful. Taken at the lawn just when you step off the girls dormitory stairs.
Photo taken by me. More photos @ My Photoblog.
Looks like we can feel the spring is also here. Why? Because there are some flowers that only bloom around this time. Check this out –
I dunno what's the name of this flower but looks like it belongs to the Lily family of flowers. I love taking photos of flowers but we don't have that much around the campus. There are a few but they didn't catch my attention.
Not the flower that will left your mouth open in admiration but what caught my attention is her color. Commonly we have pink and reds of that around here. It's just now that i saw the white ones.
It looks like Dahlia but I am not sure if it is really Dahlia. The color is so lovely against the sun and the red ground. I wished to pluck it but remembered that if someone sees the flower it surely brings a smile to their faces. We are going back to that place soon and hopefully i can see more springy type flowers.
i took this flower shot right outside the gate of the school. Wish i could take more but i was not comfortable with the place. It was not a safe place to pull out expensive even cheap gadgets as long as it can be sold because if thieves saw you have these stuff then you are a candidate for hold-up or will become a thief victim.
Here's another i took weeks back:
This arrangement graced the isle for the graduates to march on. Taken the other sunday during the 14th graduation exercises of our school.
Check more flowers from around the world.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Washington State courts have a generous amount of say in how the property is divided between dissolving couples. The judge will take all information into account and is then free to fashion what he or she feels is appropriate in each individual case. Since ours is a no-fault divorce state, it is up to the judge to determine what is a fair and equitable division of the property.
The attorneys at O'Brian & Associates have 60-plus years of experience handling marital property division matters for individuals across the state. We can examine all of the details in your situation in order to determine the best way to proceed. Our team has helped many different clients throughout the Redmond and Seattle areas.
Given the statutory guidelines and the court's discretion, we will delve deeply to find all of the issues and details of each situation in order to inform and educate the court on your specific case. Property, spousal maintenance, and child support are all considered together by the court. Contact a marital property division lawyer at O'Brian & Associates today. We strive to ensure that the court is thoroughly advised as to your situation in order to get you the property and assets that you deserve.
Get in touch with an attorney at our firm today to schedule your one-hour consultation by calling us at (425) 276-7677.


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6 Fun and Easy Valentine's Day Crafts the Kids Will Love
Every holiday is the right holiday for crafting, and that's especially true for Valentine's Day. It's a great time to help kids enjoy hands-on activities during the cold-weather months when everyone's cozied up indoors, and Pottery Barn Kids is here to help! These Valentine's Day crafts for kids are great to try on the day itself or on a snowy morning leading up to holiday. Most of these projects are simple and just require a little guidance. Whether your child wants to give the crafts away as gifts to their own personal valentine or you display each colorful piece proudly around the house, everyone's sure to have a blast letting their creativity run wild.
Valentine's Crayons
Do you have some broken crayons lingering around the house? There's a terrific use for them, and it's also an easy Valentine's craft for kids! Simply peel the paper off of the crayon nubs, put a few pieces into each section of a heart-shaped silicone ice cube mold and bake them in an oven at 275 degrees Fahrenheit for about 10 minutes. Everyone can help by peeling off the pieces of paper and choosing the colors that go into each heart. Feel free to mix different colors together such as green, red and blue to make a bright, bold heart-shaped crayon, or opt for Valentine-related colors such as white, pink and red.
Pink and Red Paper Clips
One great gift idea for your child's school teacher starts with finding a box of pink- or red-colored large paper clips. If you bend them at the midpoint and then repeat on the other side, it's simple to make them heart-shaped. You and your child can box them up as a gift for their teacher or attach them to class valentines for everyone.
Handmade Stamps
There's a wealth of premade stamps out there that you can use along with your great craft ideas for Valentine's Day, but you might have an unlikely stamp right in your refrigerator's crisper! Cut off the heart of a stalk of celery – now the bottom looks like a rose. You can do this with several stalks to create flower-shaped stamps that your child can use. Look for red or pink ink pads or tempera paint, and your little one can sit around the table and create their own special Valentine's Day cards for friends and family.
Fun with Straws
It's easy to make your own Valentine's Day decor with some bendy or straight straws. For some extra Valentine-worthy flair, opt for red and white or pink and white straws, and bend each into the shape of a heart. Make several of these heart-shaped pieces. Then, take a piece of yarn or some twine and tie the hearts to it—it works well to space them evenly along the thread. You now have an easy garland to use as door decor or a fun swag to put up in your child's bedroom.
DIY Picture Frames
If you or your child receives a heart-shaped candy box this year, don't throw it away or put it in the recycle bin just yet – there's a great way to reuse it! Cut out the bottom part of the box so that only the heart outline remains. Next, cut a piece of Poster Board that's the same size of the candy box. Cut out a photo to size and fit it inside of the box. Then, attach the Poster Board with a little bit of tape or some glue. You now have a heart-shaped picture frame for your home. For a fun look, you can also take the lid from the candy box and glue it upside down on the back side to have two hearts with photos showing.
Toddler Tree
Do you have a youngster who loves getting creative with paint? Here's a fun idea that lets them take finger-painting to new heights. Brush the bottom of your child's arm in brown or neutral-colored kid-safe paint, and gently lay their forearm and palm onto a piece of white paper to create a their tree's "trunk." Next, cut out small heart-shaped pieces of pink, red and white construction paper; it's also easy to do this with a hole punch. Glue these on after the "trunk" has dried for a Valentine's Day tree to remember – it looks a bit like the cherry blossom trees that start blooming this time of year. Finally, put some Poster Board on the back of the drawing, and you now have a wall hanging to display for years to come!


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As Rodda points out, it takes some fairly awesome mental gymnastics to make a treaty that says the US is not a Christian nation mean that the US is a Christian nation.
One of the most often used arguments that the United States was not founded as a Christian nation is Article 11 of the 1797 Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the United States and the Bey and Subjects of Tripoli of Barbary. This is a pretty good argument, considering that the first sentence of that article begins with the words, "As the government of the United States of America is not in any sense founded on the Christian Religion..." Because the authors of the religious right version of American history can't deny that these words are there, they attempt to dismiss them, usually using one, or a combination of, several popular arguments.Hm ... I think this calls for another quote from The Origins of Totalitarianism
Plato, in his famous fight against the ancient Sophists discovered that their "universal art of enchanting the mind by arguments" had nothing to do with truth aimed at opinions which by their very nature are changing and which are valid only "at the time of the agreement and as long as the agreement lasts." He also discovered the very insecure position of truth in the world, for from "opinions comes persuasion and not truth."
The most striking difference between the ancient and modern sophists is that the ancients were satisfied with a passing victory of the argument at the expense of truth, where as the moderns want a more lasting victory at the expense of reality. In other words, one destroyed the dignity of human thought whereas the modern manipulators of facts stand in the way of the historian. For history itself is destroyed, and its comprehensibility ... is in danger, whenever facts are no longer held to be part and parcel of the past and present world, and are misused to prove this or that opinion.


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CRC Press
798 pages | 320 B/W Illus.
Thoroughly revised to include the latest industry developments, the Second Edition presents a comprehensive overview of computer validation and verification principles and how to put them into practice. To provide the current best practice and guidance on identifying and implementing improvements for computer systems, the text extensively reviews regulations of pharmaceuticals, healthcare products, blood processing, medical devices, clinical systems, and biotechnology. Ensuring that organizations transition smoothly to the new system, this guide explains how to implement the new GMP paradigm while maintaining continuity with current practices. In addition, all 24 case studies from the previous edition have been revised to reflect the new system.
Key topics in Pharmaceutical Computer Systems Validation, Second Edition include:


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Please plan to arrive 15 minutes prior to your appointment. This will allow time to fill out any required patient information and will not take over any treatment time. Upon check in and prior to services, please present any Gift Certificates, coupons or special offers. Appointments will be held for 15 minutes, after which your appointment must be rescheduled.
We are a smoke-free environment
As a courtesy to other customers, all animals are strictly prohibited in the facility.
All services are arranged especially for you, and therefore, we do require at least a 24 hour cancellation notice Tuesday through Friday and 48 hour cancellation notice for Saturday. Any appointment not cancelled within the appropriate time frame will result in the client being billed the full cost of the service. For those using a gift certificate or living social or groupon, they will be marked as redeemed. For services with multiple sessions, 1 session will be deducted and marked as redeemed.
We gladly accept Visa, Mastercard, Carecredit, Cash or Checks. Photo ID is required when paying by check or credit card. When scheduling an appointment, please have your credit card or Gift Certificate number ready as the receptionist will require them in order to hold your appointment.
MD Ageless Solutions gift certificates are available for services and packages and make a fabulous gift for any occasion! Gift Certificates are transferable, bun non-refundable. Our gift certificates do expire 12 months from the date of purchase. Certificates must be presented upon rendering services.
Packages, services, products or gift certificates are non-refundable. In the event that you decide against completing your package, you may use the remaining package balance toward other services, products or gift certificate (after deduction of applicable administrative costs). All skin care product sales are final. No refunds or exchanges. In-center credit only on returned, unopened/unused merchandise accompanies with a receipt of purchase within 60 days from purchase date.


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Friday, February 15 – Sunday, February 17
Towson, Md. | AMF Towson Lanes
Host: Morgan State
All three days will be streamed live on the Mount Bowling Facebook account.
Teams will play every team in the opposing pool once for nine matches and then play one team in their own pool. Therefore, the Mountaineers are guaranteed to play #6 UMES, #12 Delaware State, Bowie State, Coppin State, Fayetteville State, Howard, Morgan State, Virginia State, and Norfolk State. Then Mount St. Mary's will play at least one team from their own pool, which includes the ECC and NEC teams, in a random draw.
The James Brown Invite will have 17 Teams in attendance: #6 Maryland Eastern-Shore, #8 Fairleigh Dickinson, #12 Delaware State, #19 Mount St. Mary's, #23 Duquesne, Caldwell, Chestnut Hill, Coppin State, Fayetteville State, Felician, Howard, Morgan State, Norfolk State, Virginia State, Wilmington, St. Francis Brooklyn, and Bowie State.
The teams will be divided into two pools: Pool A will be teams in the CIAA & MEAC conference, while Pool B will consist of teams in the ECC & NEC conference.
The No. 19 Mount St. Mary's women's bowling team placed third out of sixteen teams at the Golden Bear Classic at Berks Lanes. Including the Red Flash Invitational two weeks ago, this marks the second consecutive trophy finish for the Mountaineers. The Mount went 2-1 on the day with wins over #23 nationally-ranked Duquesne and Caldwell. The lone loss came in a close match to #17 LIU Brooklyn that came down to the final frame. Freshman Rebecca Dodson led the way with a 21.74 baker frame average. Freshmen Danielle Milo and Kayla Durbala also contributed nicely with baker frame averages of 21.50 and 20.11, respectively.
During the first day of the tournament, the Mountaineers placed sixth out of 16 teams at day one of the Golden Bear Classic. The Mount picked up wins over Kutztown and LIU-Post in its 2-3 outing. Day one of the Golden Bear Classic was scored as its own tournament, while Saturday and Sunday be scored as a separate tournament. Saint Francis U took home the title at Friday night's event with a 4-0 record and a 202.6 average. Freshman Rebecca Dodson led the way for the Mount with a 19.80 baker frame average. Freshman Barbara Hawes also contributed strongly, pitching in with a 18.51 baker frame average.
The Mount went 4-1 during the second day of the Golden Bear Classic with wins over Morgan State, Coppin State, Robert Wesleyan, and New Jersey City University. The setup and anchor combo of freshmen Tamera Stanton and Rebecca Dodson led the charge for the Mount with baker frame averages of 19.20 and 21.47, respectively. With the 4-1 outing, the Mountaineers have officially reached the 60-win plateau as their overall record improved to 60-26.
Mount St. Mary's bowling freshman Rebecca Dodson was named the Northeast Conference (NEC) Rookie of the Week on Wednesday as she collected the award for the fourth time this season. Dodson posted a strong effort at the Golden Bear Classic, where she was the lone rookie to be named First Team All-Tournament. She registered a 20.62 average in the baker format on Friday and Saturday before following that up with an impressive 21.74 overall average on Sunday to lead the Mount to a third-place finish. She recorded strikes on 52.9% of her attempts and had a filled frames rate of 85.7 percent.
The Mount St. Mary's women's bowling team remained No. 19 in the country in the National Tenpins Coaches Association (NTCA) Poll released on February 6. The first-year Mountaineers are out to an impressive 54-22 record a little over halfway through their inaugural season, and have earned 18 wins over top-25 opponents through the opening part of the campaign. The Mount recorded a perfect 6-0 mark at its first Northeast Conference (NEC) tournament, defeating five nationally-ranked teams on its way to the top of the league standings.
The Mount women's bowling team will compete next week, February 22 – 24, in the last conference meet of the regular season at Northeast Conference Meet #2. Mount St. Mary's currently sits atop of the NEC standings with a perfect 6-0 mark.


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The Kinabalu National Park is located in Sabah, approximately an hour and a half drive from the city of Kota Kinabalu. Covering an area of 754 square kilometres, the highest mountain in South East Asia called Mount Kinabalu is located here.This granite mountain is 4093 metres above sea level and is the focal point of this park.
There is an abundance of flora and fauna in this park. The diversity of plant life which has been preserved hundreds of years ago make it a worthwhile visit. Remember to bring along your camera to capture some of the amazing plants such as the pitcher plant and white necklace orchid. There are over 1,200 species of wild orchids which you may have bypassedwithout knowing it.
Pick up from your hotel and transfer for 2 hours drive to Kinabalu Park. On the way to Kundasang, past by small towns and villages until stop by at Nabalu Fruit Market for a break. Upon arrival at the park, enjoy the cool and fresh air of the park.
Join a guided walk through the rainforest and capture the explanation given by the Park Naturalist. See the rare collections flora and fauna inside the garden. A slide show presentation for about 20 minutes. Proceed back to Kota Kinabalu.
: Return transfer
: English Speaking Guide
: Entrance fee, activities (as mention)
: Lunch
: Personal expenses
: Video camera & camera fee
: Please wear comfortable walking shoes
: Bring along drinking water
: Insect repellant
: Extra cash for personal purchases.
: Tour operates minimum of 2 persons.
: All rates quoted are subject to change without prior notice.
: Additional charge for tour departing outside of Kota Kinabalu City region.
: All information provided is correct at time of printing and are subject to change.


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At that point it will make you will feel like you are really there, in the scene of the wallpaper. A wonderful and Lovely Nature Wallpapers Photos free download is here. Now have a look over this image gallery …


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How Much Fish Should I Buy?
For whole or round fish, allow ~3/4 lb. per person
For dressed or cleaned fish, allow ~1/2 lb. per person
For fillets or steaks, allow ~1/2 lb. per person
What Do Those Terms Mean?
A drawn fish is a whole fish minus its internal organs. A drawn fish may still need to be scaled.
A dressed fish has had its organs, scales, head, tail, and fins removed. It's ready to be cooked.
A fish steak is a crosscut slice from a large dressed fish. Steaks do not need any special preparation before cooking.
A fish fillet is a boneless piece cut lengthwise from the side and away from the backbone.
How Do I Know Its Fresh?
Freshness is easiest to gauge when looking at the fish:
- Appearance is bright and shiny.
- Scales are bright, most of them intact (if scales are still on the fillet such as bass, salmon etc.)
- The flesh of most species of lean or white fish should be white, and almost translucent; there should be no signs of reddening along the backbone, nor discoloration of the flesh.
- The flesh should feel firm and look firm.
- Fish aroma is fresh and mild, not "fishy"
Seafood (particularly fish) Is GOOD For You Because:
- low in calories
- low in total fat and saturated fat
- high in protein, vitamins and minerals
- good source of Omega-3 fatty acid
These qualities combined mean that when eaten regularly (at least twice a week), fish may:
- reduce the risk of heart disease
- prolong life after a heart attack
- lower blood triglycerides (fats)
- improve heart function and reduce damage from heart disease
- lower blood pressure
- improve symptoms of inflammatory diseases, arthritis and psoriasis


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Applicable to '90 - '97 '99 + 1.6 liter 1.8 liter
Chrome replacement window cranks
Easy installation; great looks. Slightly longer and wider than the OEM cranks, and the knob is longer so that you get a better grip than with the rather dainty OEM cranks.
Great quality; nice dress-up for the door panels, and much sturdier in feel and use than the OEM cranks. About $70 US dollars, including shipping from http//www.british-cars.org.uk/satur/mgb02.html
Under 5 minutes to remove
|Back to Product Reviews
|15 November, 2000


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Saturday, September 20, 2014
Photo: It's "Tito Time" at the Phoenix Symphony
Maestro Munoz has been acclaimed as a rising star in the classical music world. He is the 11th Music Director in the 67 year history of the Phoenix Symphony.
Maestro Munoz is a native of New York City. He interest in music was nurtured by his selection to participate in Julliard School's Music Advancement Program, and he then went on to attend the Fiorello LaGuardia School of Music & Art and the Performing Arts, and then the Aaron Copeland School of Music at Queens College.
This is a quick iPhone photo of one of the 4 curtain calls after a rousing performance of Carmina Burana. The enthusiasm of the crowd and its appreciation for musical excellence is also reflected by the fact that they gave the Maestro and the orchestra a standing ovation not just at the end of the concert, but just before intermission, after the performance of Stravinsky's Firebird Suite.
My husband is the longest serving Board member of the Phoenix Symphony, and we are the sponsors of next Friday evening's concert. I encourage everyone in the area to come out and enjoy, and support, the Symphony.
This week on our Viva la Voyage travel photo site we are showing photos of the Perito Moreno Glacier in the Patagonia region of Argentina.
Posted by Julie ScottsdaleDailyPhoto.com at 6:46 AM
Labels: Downtown Phoenix, Phoenix Symphony
1 comment:
- Sharon Anck said...
I'm so sorry I missed this event. Firebird and Carmina Burana are two of my very favorites so I would have loved this one for sure. At least I know I'll get to be there next week for the concert you are sponsoring.
- September 21, 2014 at 8:35 AM
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|This entry was posted by Heath on May 31, 2007 at 1:53 pm, and is filed under Actor/Musician. Follow any responses to this post through RSS 2.0. You can leave a response or trackback from your own site.
First, I must say how much I love the frequent updates lately! It is super awesome to get such a regular peek into your life. Second, I am SO HAPPY for you! This is the sort of stuff I've known would happen for you eventually, and it seems that eventually is finally here! Three cheers for your creative life taking off so magnificently!


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Hello Everyone,
Recently, I was scrolling down to find some lip pencil reviews when I stumbled upon the amazing Bite Beauty Lip pencils which Rashmi had covered a while ago and shared some really stunning shades with all of us here!
So, I compiled this post on the top 5 favorite and most hot looking lip pencils! Have a look and see for yourself! 🙂
Beauty High Pigment Lips Pencil Meritage
Size- 0.09 oz ( this is .05 oz / 1.48 gm ),
Price- $ 24 + TAX, Available at SEPHORA US
Shade- Bite Beauty Meritage is described as a Brick Red shade on the official Sephora website and trust me , the shade is nowhere near Red leave aside BRICK! In fact, it is a pinkish brown shade with warm plum undertones to it on my NC 37-40 skin tone. The shade is very flattering if you like subtle shades for daily wear .
Bite Beauty High Pigment Pencil Madeira
Price- $ 24 plus Tax, Available at SEPHORA USA
Size- 0.09 oz (this is .05 oz / 1.48 gm),
Shade: Bite Beauty high pigment pencil in MADEIRA is very pale beige nude shade on my warm olive skin tone and trust me , this is the first time am reviewing a shade like this here , they are totally out of my comfort zone.
Bite Beauty High Pigment Pencil Cranberry
Size- 4 gm,
Price- $ 24 plus tax, Available at SEPHORA USA
Shade- Cranberry is described as Deep Red, it is cool toned bright reddish maroon shade with super glossy satiny sheen to it. You have seen review of Pomegranate, Rhubarb, Quince previously and here is Cranberry for you and am sure you will love this as much as you appreciated others; they are stunning apart from one non-transferable nature.
Bite Beauty High Pigment Pencil Pomegranate
Size- 0.09 oz ( this is .05 oz / 1.48 gm ),
Price- $ 24 + TAX, Available at SEPHORA (USA)
Shade- Pomegranate is described as Rich Red, it is warm toned bright cherry red shade, there is no shimmer but it has enough satiny sheen which makes my look lush and rich , in description it says matte but to me it is more satiny rather than flat matte.
Bite Beauty High Pigment Lip Pencil in Quince
Size- 0.09 oz ( this is .05 oz / 1.48 gm ),
Price- $ 24 + TAX, Available at SEPHORA (USA)
Shade- Quince is described as Rose Berry, it is a bright Raspberry Pink Red shade with cool tones & with no shimmer or glitter, there is slight bit of sheen which fades off and then you get saturated matte lips. The colour is very flattering and you don't need to work hard on eyes or cheeks as the colour is very much attention seeker. The color will work on all skin tones easily and will brighten up any pale skin
So, which one of these do you like the most?
Have you tried any of these Lip pencils from Bite Beauty?
You might also like to read:-
- Street Wear Mineral Lip Gloss 03 Coral Glow Review & Swatches
- Nivea Aqua Effect Refreshing Face Wash Review
- How To Choose Ethnic Wear As Per Body Type
- My Mumbai Haul MAC, LUSH, NYX & Body Shop
- MUA Lipstick Shade 6 Review & Swatches
- OOTD – Floral Dress By Done By None
- Curly Hair Shampoo Suggestions & How To Take Care Of Curly Hair
- Trend Alert: Zero Accessory Look and Crop Tops
- Bourjois Rouge Edition Lipstick 13 Rouge Jet Set Review, Swatches and FOTD


text: Commercial AC Installation in Riverside Begin by Calling (800) 405-6012 If you are in need of a new air conditioning unit for your commercial or industrial building in Riverside, Corona, or anywhere else in Southern California, call on Inland Mechanical Services, Inc. We have the knowledge, skills, and experience necessary to help you come up with the correct solution, picking the best unit for your building. We will explain the best ways to utilize the unit in order to keep every area of your building cool and comfortable. Our team only provides the best quality products, so you can be sure that we will leave you completely satisfied with the job performed. When you are in need of excellent service without exceptions, you can turn to us without delay.


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According to the most reliable estimates, we have doled out more than $500 billion for the war, as well as $44 billion for the Iraqi reconstruction effort. And what did America's contractors give us for that money? They built big steaming shit piles, set brand-new trucks on fire, drove back and forth across the desert for no reason at all and dumped bags of nails in ditches. For the most part, nobody at home cared, because war on some level is always a waste. But what happened in Iraq went beyond inefficiency, beyond fraud even. This was about the business of government being corrupted by the profit motive to such an extraordinary degree that now we all have to wonder how we will ever be able to depend on the state to do its job in the future. If catastrophic failure is worth billions, where's the incentive to deliver success? There's no profit in patriotism, no cost-plus angle on common decency. Sixty years after America liberated Europe, those are just words, and words don't pay the bills.Col. Ted Westhusing - a man who futilely tried to put a stop to such corruption -commit suicide because there was no profit in patriotism. The LA Times reported that a military psychologist told them that Westhusing's flaw was that he "struggled with the idea that monetary values could outweigh moral ones in war."
No profit in patriotism. It makes me sick to even think it.
And what makes me even sicker is thinking of all the times this administration and/or its defenders have acted as if anything other than blind allegiance to President Bush will result with the United States of America becoming an Islamofascist state.
Especially when stuff like this is the reality.
Pork and waste. Six years after the fall of the Twin Towers, the devastating blow to the Pentagon, and the inspiring courage of the passengers and crew of United Airlines Flight 93, anti-terrorism funding is an exercise in pork-barrel spending and high-profile projects of dubious value.


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Coaches Application
The Des Plaines Park District Soccer Recreational League welcomes and encourages people from the community to volunteer as coaches.
Our soccer league serves boys and girls ages 4–14. All levels of coaches are eligible, whether you are a beginner or a certified coach. The spring soccer season begins in March and ends in May.
This spring, we have added a component that brings great value to the program. We are implementing Certified Soccer Trainers during all practices for grade levels 2 through 8. Players will receive up to date technical skill development in a fun and exciting team environment. The trainers will be assisted by up to two volunteer coaches per team. Those coaches will work with the trainers during the week's practice sessions, and will then be in charge of running the teams on game day.
Grade levels 1st grade and younger will continue to be coached by well-trained volunteers. In addition to substantial pre-season training, we will have a fun day of drills with the Certified Trainers, to provide volunteer coaches with even more great ideas to use with their teams.
Note: Background checks are required for all coaches.
We look forward in working together to provide our youth a safe and fun soccer experience!
You can register as a volunteer coach for your respective division by clicking on this link: http://signup.com/go/MptSns
Be sure to download these additional important resources:
Soccer Coaches Manual
Safety Manual
Crisis Management Manual


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From the Job screen, click Pay at the top of your screen.
Click on the arrow located in the upper right hand corner.
Choose the payment type.
If you choose credit card payment the screen will look like this (below).
You can manually enter the card number or scan them by clicking the camera, this only scans the card it does not take a picture (card number will not be stored in the system).
Next you can collect a signature and tip (optional). Tip is only available when taking a credit card payment.
One you confirm payment was taken, a receipt will be sent to the customer as well as the companies support email.
Having trouble collecting from your customers? Check out these simple tips!


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Our Tuesdays with Dorie pick this week is...BAGELS! What a fun baking project. I love bagels and have made them a few times but not in the past couple of years so this was the perfect recipe to get back in the swing of bagel making.
I split the dough in half and made five cinnamon raisin bagels, by just kneading in some raisins and a cinnamon sugar swirl before shaping. I cut the second half of the dough into eight smaller pieces and those bagels ended up being just the right size for homemade pizza Bagel Bites.
The cinnamon raisin were a special request by picky husband...
They turned out absolutely delicious! Picky husband and kids all loved these. The kids even helped shape a few of the plain batch and had a ton of fun making bagels with mommy. I would use this recipe again for sure. I did boil a little less than directed, just kind of watched them until they began to float and then flipped then, I also subbed out the shortening and used butter in the dough. Lastly I lowered the baking time and temperature, they were perfectly chewy/crunchy/soft inside after about 17-20 minutes at 375. Yum, yum! Perfect bagels, if you ask me :)


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Blessing of the Animals
by Delisa Renideo
(twelfth article)
Those of us who write this column love animals, as do most of you who read it, I imagine. This is something we have in common with Saint Francis of Assisi, who died on October 3, 1226. He is considered the patron saint of the animals, and he is honored each year on October 4. In his honor, churches around the world have a "Blessing of the Animals" service or ceremony, to which people bring animals of all kinds to be blessed. Although it began as a Catholic tradition, it has broadened to include many other denominations. Unity Church of the Valley, in Wasilla, will be holding its third Blessing of the Animals service at noon on Sunday, October 5. For more information, please call me at 373-1526.
Our community has many organizations working to improve the lives of animals, and I'm grateful for everyone making this effort. Each of these efforts makes a difference in the lives of the particular animals receiving help. But in order to change the conditions that continue to create homeless, neglected, abandoned, or abused animals, it is going to take more than programs. It will take a change in consciousness.
When animals are viewed as objects, it leads to exploitation. Using animals for our purposes without thinking about the emotional, physical, and social needs of the animals is exploitation. Animals are exploited in innumerable ways in our culture: rodeos, factory farms, testing laboratories and circuses are just some of the ways.
Buying or adopting an animal can also lead to exploitation. Few of us can resist a cute puppy or kitten, especially if we have a small child begging to take one home. But these puppies and kittens are not toys. They need love, attention, exercise, and room to play. They grow up to be adult animals that aren't quite so cute and cuddly, and many of the dogs end up living out their lives on the end of a short chain in a back yard, heartsick for lack of companionship, or dropped off at the "pound" when they become inconvenient or hard to handle. Cats are often thought to be so independent that they don't need attention and are ignored completely.
These sad stories happen in perfectly good homes all over the country because the animals are seen as objects to be used by humans for our ends, until we tire of them. Even when we "love" our animals, we often forget to take into account their basic needs because we love them as an object. (We do the same in some human relationships!)
Programs will not cure this problem. The cure for this is a change in how we view animals and our relationship to them. Saint Francis referred to animals as his brothers and sisters and treated them with great respect. Humane education programs seek to teach compassion for all beings. Whether we think of animals as our brothers and sisters or simply see them as beings deserving of compassion, we will begin to develop a very different relationship with animals. We will consider their feelings and needs as well as our own. We will make lifestyle choices that reflect respect and compassion rather than exploitation. No longer will a dyed chick be seen as a cute Easter toy for our toddler. And we will begin to think about the food we put on our plate and where it came from. Not only will the animals benefit from these changes, we will benefit by expanding our circle of love to include all who share the earth with us.
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U.S. Energy Secretary: Solar and wind energy now cost-competitive without subsidies
And they'll only get cheaper over time...U.S. Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz, who trained as a nuclear physicist, believes that the price of solar and wind power have fallen so dramatically that the market for them can now grow without subsidies. Moniz told reporters that the Obama administration supports Congress' extension of renewable energy tax credits, but "I certainly see solar growing" even "without subsidy" and the cost reductions have "been incredible" for the solar industry, making for an improved "value proposition ... in many contexts."
He said the cost of electricity from rooftop solar panels could fall to as low as 6 cents per kilowatt hour very soon, which makes it "extremely competitive" with natural gas and other fossil and non-fossil power plants.
The cost of wind also has fallen dramatically in the last year, making the electricity produced by wind farms cost competitive with fossil fuels such as natural-gas-fired power plants, according to a report issued earlier this month by the Energy Department. (source)
A report on wind technology from a few weeks ago said: "Lower wind turbine prices and installed project costs, along with improvements in expected [production capacity], are enabling aggressive wind power pricing" The report shows that prices dropped from nearly 7 cents/kWH in 2009 to 2.35 cents/kWh in 2014, which is pretty incredible (it's not that low everywhere, but over time it should keep going down). The report says the cost trend placed wind "below the bottom of the range" of nationwide power prices in 2014. That makes wind power very competitive against natural gas power generation through 2040, according to projections.
This doesn't mean that all subsidies should immediately dropped or anything drastic like that, though. The fossil fuel industry has had billions and billions and billions in help over decades and decades, and they still receive all kinds of favored treatment. I think we can keep pushing clean energy for a while to help it replace dirty sources of power faster than it would without the help. If we want to save a few bucks somewhere, we should cut fossil fuel subsidies instead. There's a lot more fat to cut there anyway...


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Although Washington's face may still be the most familiar of any figure in American history, recent surveys have revealed that the American people are rapidly losing touch with the man behind the image. Why? Some of the reasons are unmistakably clear. Washington's coverage in school textbooks has dropped to an all-time low, his portrait has disappeared from classroom walls, and George Washington's Birthday has been pushed aside for "Presidents Day."
But in some ways, the personality of Washington also intensifies the challenge of making him accessible and relevant to new generations. Although he was one of the most famous men in America from his early twenties, when his brash actions on the battlefield ignited the French and Indian War, until he died in his own bed at Mount Vernon at age 67, Washington protected his privacy and maintained a degree of formality that flies in the face of modern culture. It does not help that, soon after he died, Martha Washington burned hundreds – if not thousands – of letters that she and her husband exchanged.
Still, there is plenty of documentation that survives from the founding era to illuminate the enigmatic personality of "The Father of Our Country." Recent books about Washington, including His Excellency by Joseph Ellis and 1776 by David McCullough, have confirmed his status as the truly indispensable leader of the period. In a recent poll of scholars conducted by the Wall Street Journal, Washington was once again named the best president in American history, edging out Abraham Lincoln and Franklin Roosevelt.
But Washington did not fare nearly as well in another poll, this one conducted with "the average man on the street." Washington fell from first to seventh place, not only behind Lincoln and Roosevelt, but also Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. It is clear to us at Mount Vernon that the pubic at large does not see George Washington as relevant to their lives. In fact, for several years we have found that the average visitor to Washington's home knows only rudimentary information about the man. Spurred by this disconcerting proliferation of historical ignorance, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association has taken action.
On October 27, 2006, we cut the ribbon on the largest and most dynamic new facilities ever built on George Washington's estate. More than a decade of planning, fundraising, and construction went into the Ford Orientation Center and the Donald W. Reynolds Museum and Education Center. Almost 70,000 square feet of new space embraces 25 galleries and theaters, a distance-learning classroom, and Mount Vernon's first action-adventure movie. It is an exciting complex that seeks to captivate, educate, and inspire all ages.
Almost every nook and cranny addresses a key question that has been posed by everyone from the youngest schoolchild to the most seasoned scholar for more than two centuries: Who was the real George Washington? We need to reconnect the American people to that real man. Once they get to know what he was really like as a living, breathing human being – not a myth or an icon – they will come to understand why his leadership and character are still worth emulating today. And why he, of all the founding fathers, deserves a holiday set aside to honor his sacrifices and accomplishments. On behalf of all of us at Mount Vernon, I wish you a happy George Washington's Birthday, and hope that you'll come see us – and him – soon.


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The Asturico was a paleohispanic language of Indo-European origin spoken by the ancient Astures in their territory and known by its epigraphic inscriptions, its toponyms and theonyms transmitted by classical sources.
The insertion of Asturico in the family of Indo-European languages is commonly accepted today. It trumps the discussion of the possibility of Eusquera-type languages having ever been spoken in Asturian or Cantabrian lands.
Relation To Other Languages:
One of the major problems found when trying to include Asturico in a linguistic family is its existence in the sphere of the only two Indo-European languages in the Iberian Peninsula of which we have written accounts: Celtiberian and Lusitanian.
Therefore, while the first shares the innovations that define the Celtic language family, such as the loss of the p- at the beginning of words and between vowels, which is a conditio sine qua non to consider a language Celtic (patēr / atīr), Lusitanian offers characteristics that are incompatible with the knowledge we have of the Celtic language (Schmidt, Witczak), the most obvious being the use of the p-.
The characteristics of Asturico lean in either sense, with the use or disuse of the phoneme /P/ being the defining trait that draws Asturico closer to Lusitanian or Celtiberian, and ultimately insert it or separate it from the Celtic linguistic roots.
In all, most authors subscribe a Celtic origin for Astur, and nevertheless place it among the neighbouring languages of the Vettons, Cantabrians, Galaicos and Vacceos, in the so-called Western Hispano-Celt subgroup. Among them, Asturico has its own peculiarities that give it a unique character.
a) Indo-European Consonants:
*p>p?:This is the trait that offers the most doubts, as there are obvious cases of use as well as ohters in which it was not used. As examples of the first case, progeneo, 'relative', 'next of kin' < *pro-gen-eio, that in Celtic would be *ro-gen-eio, 'relative', or Provesica 'she who has wisdom', <*pro-weid-t-ika, where we see the Celtic rovesia, 'wisdom'. <*ro-weid-t-y-am (Old Irish rofess).
More doubtful examples would be the names of Pedilico or Pitilico, that could be related to the Latin im-petus and petulus , 'energetic' and 'courageous'; and also with the Greek pítulos, 'shake', all of them from the root PIE *Pet- (Pokorny: 825-826).
It is also correct to admit that the superlative Paramo < *pr̥h-m̥o, 'supreme, the first, the highest', that gives name to high lands is parallel to the Germanic furist < *pr̥h-ist-o 'prince', the Hindu paramáḥ and the Italic God Touto Peremusto < *per-m̥-ist-o.
On the contrary, a clear case of the loss of the p- is seen in the people of the Cilurnigos (*kelpurn-i-kos), and maybe in the Onnakos if their name comes from the river Onna ,'Güeña', to which a Celtic origin is attributed: onna-'river' (*pon-na).
Lake Enol < Enolo , through a diminutive (*peno-lo), 'little lake', mirrors the Celtic eno, 'marshland', which gave its name to the Swiss lake Inn < (*pen-yo). In the area of Valdeorras and bordering with the Galaicos, we find Mount Larouco (*plaro-uko), 'flattened, plain', that shows the disuse of the p- from *plh₂-ró (old Irish. lár).
Among the Cantabrians and the tribe of the Orgenomescos it is common to include in their name the term 'Celtic' for murder, orgenom (*porge-no). Finally, the toponym Olloniego <*ollonaeko seems to reflect a demonym combining igüau and the name ollonos, 'big', in relation to the Old Irish oll that links to the Celtic *ollos, 'big', (*polh₁-no)
*bʰ > b: Asturico changed the bilabial aspirate Indo-European phoneme /bʰ/, to /b/, which made it more similar to Lusitanian and Celtic, but that separated it from Latin where this group was done in /f/. There are also the examples of the Astur Bergidum, 'high place', (*bʰerg-y-dom), or Balaeso, 'luminous', (*bʰelā-so).
*dʰ > d: This is a trait that assimilates it to Celtic languages and separates it from Latin, that resolves it in /f/. The ancient Dobra River and Dubra 'deep river' (*dʰeubʰ-ro). Vendiricus, 'cattle with long mane of hair'. (*wendʰi-rics). Andamo, 'the lowest', < *n̥dʰ-m̥os, old Latin enfemos 'infimal'.
*gʷ > b: The occlusive labio-velar /gʷ/ changed to /b/. It coincides thus with Lusitanian, Celtic and Latin. The Astur Bovecius 'like a bull' < *gʷou-i-k-y-os (Latin bovis and Celtic bou). Asturico bādiom 'bañu' <*gʷōdʰ-y-om, célticu común bādiom.
*d > d: Same result as the Western Indo-European branch Dēua, 'goddess' (from there, all the streams and rivers named Deva) <* dēiw-eh₂, and maybe the Astur xana , < *dēuana 'divine'.
*t > t: Same result as the Western Indo-European branch Trittio 'third' < *tr̥t-y-os.
*kw > kw: In this way and from a hipothetical *equos, 'horse' <*ekwos. we get what is shown on the stone dedicated in dative plural to the equeunos gods (equine), (*ekwe-mn-os). This is a trait that is common to all Paleo-Hispanic languages, as well as Latin and Goidelic Celt, but not Briton that does it in /p/. (ex. Epona < ekwo-na).
*kʷ > p: Prosper and Sevilla defend a vast difference from the previous group, that concords with the Briton in the use of the labio velar in occlusive bilabial /P/. Also Pentovio and Pinta(w)io, 'fifth' < *kʷen(kʷ)to-wyo. Modern examples would be the double words constructed parallel to Latin: Pedroveña 'four borders' <*kʷettuor-finiam, with Cuadroveña <*quattuor-finiam. And Pintueles < *kʷento-l-is with Quintueles <*quinto-l-is.
*w > w: Same result as the Western Indo-European branch Vernesga 'Bernesga' < *wĕrn-ēska, 'poplar river', and Vinico 'familiar' < *weni-k-os and Venino < *weni-n-os, both based on venia, 'family' < *wen-y-eh₂.
b) Treatment of groups:
Group *dy > z: Astur is closew to Celtiberian in the fricative . Also Zoela, 'celestial' (*dyow-y-la) has a similar result to the Celtiberian ozeom (* pody-om), since it is not the same case as Celtiberian fricatizes the -d- between vowels while the Astur only does it before y or d. On the opposite side, we find the Lusitanian Ioveai (*dyow-y-ai) and llatín Iouis (*dyow-is) and Iūlius (*dyow-ly-os) that omit the dental sound. It is the trait that distinguishes Asturico from Lusitanian
Group *dw > w: The omission coincides with Gallian and becomes clear in Vacoria ' she who has two armies', a proper noun that can be related to the Gallian vocorios, petrucorios and tricorios, 'with two, four and three armies'. Also, *wacoria must have come from *dwa-coria, where we see the feminine numeral in Briton Celtic uā 'two' (*dw ā)
Group *kt > t(t): Common trait in Hispanic Tettonius in Badajoz, (*tekt-on-yos) Vettones (*vekt-on-es) Retugenos in Celtiberia (*rektu-genos < *reigʰ-tu-genos). This result is seen in the Asturico Ambatus, 'servant' (ambʰi-akt-os) and Dureta 'twisted' (*durekta < *du-reigʰ-ta) although in some places in Celtiberia there is the trait of pronouncing it Dureita and in southern areas with the resulting -st- Contestani (*Kom-tekt-o).
Group *ks > s(s): This is a common trait with Celtiberian and insular Celt that separates it from Latin. We can see this in Dessonkos, from where we get the Indo-European *dekswo, 'south, right'. Asturico equates its term with that of the Vaccean city of Dessobriga (*dekswo-bʰr̥gʰa) and with the old Irish dess, 'south', unlike the Latin dekster.
Group *tt, *dt, *dd > s(s): Common trait with Celtic and Latin Conso (*komdto < *kom-dʰh₁-to) and Provesica (*Prowess-ika < *Pro-weid-t-ika).
Group *ns > s(s): Cosso (Conso < *komdto < *kom-dʰh1-to). Common trait with the Galaic Asseconia, 'favourable' (*n̥s-ek-on-y-a), and the Lusitanian Assaeco 'favourable' (*n̥s-a ik-o).
Group nd, mb = nd, mb: Astur kept the origiunal groups 'ón' when Celtic began to change them to /nn/ and /mm/. In that way we get Candamios, 'the brightest', (*kand-m̥-y-o) and Ambatus 'servant' (*ambʰi-akt-os), which should be compared to the Irish cann and ammaig. The element benda 'peak, beam' (*bend-a) that appears in some Asturian toponyms Vagabrobenda, Caldobenda, Voligobenda, etc., has to be related to the old Irish benna (*bend-a). 'peak, beam'. Nevertheless there are some cases of assimilation-nn: Ablonnio 'proud' (*aplom-d-y-o).
Group *ln > ll: Common trait with Western Indo-European. In that way we have Collacinos from the city Colla-ka or Colla-ntium where we find the element colla 'head, hill' (Latin collis (*kol-nis) Irish coll (<*kol-nos).
Group *pl > bl: Common trait between Common Celtic (with the loss of /p/) and Lusitanian and Latin (with its permanence). In Asturico we find Ablonnio 'proud' (*aplom-d-y-o) as well as in neighbouring peoples. The Cantabrians Blendios 'brilliant' (*s-plēnd-y-os) has to be related to the Latin splendeo 'shine', with a silent phoneme; and with the Irish lenstu 'flash' (*s-plend-to), where we can see the loss of the occlusive. The same applies to to theVetton city of Bletisama 'very flat' (*plet-isam-a), neighbouring with the Astures and relate to the Latin planum and with common Celt Letisama.
Grupu *pr > br: It is seen in Cabruagenigos 'the people of Cabruadgeno' (*kapru-ad-gen-os). Again, it is an intermediate trait between common Celt (with the loss of /p/) and Latin (without it) as we can see from the Latin caprī and Celtic caora (*kap-ura).
c) Assimilations:
Assimilation of the series *n…bʰ > n…m: This is a Celtic trait found in the Asturico Nimmedus 'sacred' < *nebʰe-tos y nel topónimu Nemetobriga 'sacred city' < *nebʰe-to-bʰr̥gh-eh₂, the same as the common Celtic nemos 'sky' < *nebʰos y nemetom 'sanctuary' < *nebʰ-etom
Assimilation of the series *tn > nt y *dʰn > ndʰ: It's a common trait with Celtic and Latin, found in Astur due to mons Vindios 'white' < *win-dʰ-yo < *widʰ-n-yo (Compare with Latin Fundo < *bʰun-dʰo < *bʰudʰ-no).
d) Secondary Consonant Developments:
First degree of Lenition –*k- > -g-: Sonorization of the intervocal silent occlusives. Examples are Bovegio / Bovecio, Vago / Vaco, Degantia < Dekamtia or the change of the suffixes – iko = -igo, Cilurnigom < *Kel(p)urn-ikom, Cabruagenigom < *Kapru-ad-gen-ikom, y -*ako > -ago: Seddiago < *Seddiako.
First Degree of Lenition –*t- > -d-: Sonorization of the dental intervocal silent occlusives. Therefore, Nimmedus < Nemetos, Tridio < Tritio, Do(v)idero / Dovitero, Cludamo / Clutamo, Ambadus / Ambatus, Pedilico / Pitilico.
Loss of the Intervowel fricative: -*w- > -Ø-: It is seen in the egroups e(w)o Deogena 'daughter of the goddess' = Devogena, o(w)a: Noanios 'ninth' = Novanios (*nown̥-y-os). Group o(w)i: Doidena = Dovidena, Zoela 'celestial' = Zovila (*dyowila). Group a(w)e Deo Aerno 'eternal' (*aiwe-r-no). Group a(w)i Nailo 'Nalón, little navia(river)' (*nawilo), Pintaius = Pintavius, etc. Group u(w)o Cossuo = Cossuvo. Maybe in Noega, Noiga or Noika Ucesia 'new Ucesia' If Noega, originates from *nowika (cif. llatín novi-ky-a).
This is a phenomenon that is spread through the north Cantabrian and loses force in the southernmost regions, generating a chain of diphthongs that, as in Galaic, cannot be considered etymological.
Confusion of the labial occlusives b = p: We see this in Borma/Porma 'Puerma (proper name)' < *Bʰorm-a, a common trait with Irish (bus/pus 'lip'), the Briton (broella/proella), Basque (bake/pake 'peace') and modern Asturico (búcara/púcara 'pot, pan'). Since this confusion is common to the languages that that share the loss of the initial p- of words, M. Sevilla mentions that it is why the /p/ has also fallen in disuse in Asturico. So in the absence of the /p/ there's is no phonological use for occlusives, and therefore the confusion that ensues.
Absence of betacism -*w- ≠ -b-: If betacism was the response to the insecurity experimented by the speakers due to the /w/ phoneme it is logical that Asturico has no signs of this phenomenon. The insecurity is resolved by its disuse. Also the disuse of the fricative and betacism are two phenomena that are caused by the same problem and therefore excluding. Betacism is a southern phenomenon that is seen in the lands of the Vettones and the Lusitanians, following the course of the river Tajo. The different result is seen in the northern Galaic Saurium and the Carpetan Con-Sabura (both from *sawur-).
General Sustaining of the intervowel : -*g- > -g-: The same as the Cantabrians and different from Galaic, ther is the tendency to preserve the /-g-/ before a vowel. We also find Bergidom < *bʰerg-y-dom, as opposewd to the Galaic Beriso. < *bʰerg-y-som; Magilo opposite the Galaic Mailo <*mh₂eg-y-lo; Segimo < *segʰi-s'mo and Segisama < *segʰi-sama, opposite the Galaic Sesma < *sesama < *seisama < *segʰi-sama, etc.
a) Indo-European Vowels:
*a / *h₂e > a. Same result for Celtic and Latin. The Asturico 'abia', "river" (*h₂eb-y-a) and abris 'waters' (*h₂eb-r-is), Celtic abon 'river' (*h₂eb-on-a); Latin amnis 'river' (*h₂eb-nis). The Asturico Attio 'uncle' (*h₂ett-y-os); Old Irish. Alio 'other, second' (*h₂el-y-os) Old Irish aile.
*ā / *eh₂ > ā with a possible secondary development in ae: In this way, Brigaetium = Brigātium (*bʰr̥gʰ-eh₂-t-y-om). Belaeso = Belāso (*bʰel-eh₂-s-o), and the Celtic suffix -āko which sometimes develops into -aeko.
Nevertheless, De Bernardo mentions that this diphtong ae/ai has its origins in an anticipatory assimilation phenomenon, from suffixes of the type ak-ya > ay-ka: Brigakya (*bʰr̥gʰ-ak-y-a) > Brigaeka / Brigayka.
*e / *h₁e > e. Bergidum 'high place' (*bʰh₁erg-y-dom).
*ē / *eh₁ > ī Well known Celtic trait thanks to the example rix 're' in opposition to the Latin rēx and present in the Astur Sīlo 'portion, offspring' (*seh₁-lo). Old Irish sīl, and the name Vendiricus 'hairy bovine' if the piece ricus were a flexion de *rēcs 're', as Prosper justifies.
*i > i. The Asturico Virio 'masculine' (*wir-y-os), same as in Latin vir, and Old Irish fer (*wir-os).
*o / *h₃e > o. Borma/Porma 'Puerma'(proper noun) (*bʰh₃er-ma) and Borines (*bʰh₃er-mi-nis).
*ō / *eh₃ > ā. Again, typical Celtic trait shown in the Astur Baedunia = Bādunia 'balnearium' (*gʷōdʰ-un-y-a). In common In common Celtic bādiom. The proper noun Blattia (*bʰlōt-y-eh₂) 'flourished' containsthe name of the flower blāto (*bʰlōto). Common Celtic blato; Latin floris (*bʰlō-ris). The Celtic adjective āku 'fast' resembles the Indo-European *ōku, and leaves in Asturico the name accula,'fast'. It is believed that the name of the rive Sama in Grao could come from the adjective 'samo', "calm, tranquil", the same as sàm, 'calm, tranquil' in Irish and that joins the root < *sōmo. It is an isogloss that differentiates Asturico from Lusitanian and brings it closer to Celtiberian.
*H > a. Any Indo-European laryngeal (h₁, h₂, h₃) between consonants, represented by H turns to /a/ when they are not both occlusive. Also Elano 'deer' (*h₁elHn-o) (Welsh- elain). Ablaidacos 'very pale' (ad-bʰlHi-dos). Matugeno 'well born' (*mHtu-genos), where we see the Celtic mati 'good' (Old Irish- maith).
b) Diphtongs:
*ei / *ēi > ē. The same as in common Celtic, which separates Astur from Latin (that reduces the diphtong in /ī/) and Lusitanian (that keeps the old diphtong /ei/). Thereby, the Asturico Deva 'goddess' (*deiw-a), different from the Latin dīva y lusitanu deibo. The river Esva 'fast river' < *eis-wa, Provesica < *pro-weid-t-ika, and the dative Cossue < *kossowei.
*eu / *ēu > ou with a secondary development in u. Lucocadia, 'white fortress?' < *lewko-kad-y-a. Clouto y Cluto 'famosu' < *klew-tos, Lougeos 'black, crows?' < *lewg-y-os. No(w)anio 'ninth' < *newn̥-y-os, and the dative Cossue < *kossowei.
c) Vocalisation in 0 degree:
*r̥ before occlussive > ri. The vowel structure in /ri/ of the liquid sound in Zero degree r̥ is a Celtic trait, contrary to Latin that vocalises in /or/, /ur/. The Asturico Brigaetium < *bʰr̥gʰ-ā-t-y-om, or Tritio < *tr̥t-y-os.
*n̥ > an. The vowel structure in /an/ of the nasal in 0 degree n̥ is a Celtic trait, contrary to Latin that vocalises in /en/. Also the Asturico Arganticaenos developed from argantom 'silver' < *argn̥-t-om, contrary to the Latin argentum. We also see it in the river Arganza in Tinéu, that comes fromthe old Argantia 'silvery' < *argn̥-t-y-a. The Asturico No(w)anio 'ninth' < *nown̥-y-os, compared to Latin novenus. Mandica 'goddess of the foals' < *mn̥d-y-ka, Galian mandos 'foal' < *mn̥d-os, Compared to Latin iovi menzana 'Jupiter of the sacrifices of horses' < *mn̥d-y-ono.
*m̥ > am. Same vowel structure in /am/ of the nasal in 0 degree m̥, contrary to the Latin /em/. Also the Asturico Degantia `tenth' < *dekm̥-t-y-a, is an ordinal developed from the numeral decam 'ten' < *dekm̥ which is opposed to the Latin decem. The Asturico superlatives Los –(is)amos < *is-m̥-os, opposite the Latin -isimus/-isemus.
d) Secondary vowel developments:
Tendency to vowel closure e > In this way Vinicos < *Venikos (this becomes Venica among the Vettones). Nimmedus / Nemetos, Cilurnigos < *kelurnikos, etc.
Change of the post-tonic i > e. This is an exclusive development of Asturico, that was noted by Prosper. The author attributes a Celtic origin related to the opening of protoCeltic /i/ when it is not followed by a pallatal vowel: Tillegus = Tillicus (in Dijon), Careca = Carica (in Soria, Ávila and Toledo), Ableca = Ablicos (in Cáceres), Lougeos < *lougios, Parameco < *Paramico, Segeo = Segio, etc.
e(…)ā > a(…)ā. Well known Celtic phenomenon of vocalic harmony called the Law of Joseph and seen in the anthroponym Balaeso 'luminous' < *bʰelā-so.
With regards to the mophology or the structure of words, we barely know of examples of -o themed names
-Singular nominative in -os. viros 'the man'. Common Celtic viros.
-Singular Genitive in -i. viri 'of the man'. Common Celtic viri.
-Plural Genitive in -om. virom 'of men'. Common Celtic virom.
The gentilic nouns of the group ablaidacorum, cilurnigorum, viromenigorum, are plural Latin gentilic nouns based on previous Asturian genitives: *Cilurnigom, *Viromenigom, etc. In this way, Medugeno wasn't referring to the people of the Cilurnigos but the people of a person called Cilurnu.
- Dative singular in -ue. virue 'for the man'. Common Celtic virui.
- Dative plural in -ubo. virubo 'for the men'. Common Celtic virobo.
Short Vocabulary:
|abiā 'river' <*h₂eb-y-eh₂
|abā 'water' <*h₂eb-eh₂ (v. ir. ab)
|amnis 'river' <*h₂eb-nis
|alio 'another' <*h₂el-yo
|alio 'another' <*h₂el(i)yo (v. ir. aile)
|alius <*h₂el-yo
|argantom 'silver' <*h₂ergn̥-t-om
|argantom 'silver' <*h₂ergn̥-t-om (v. ir. arggat)
|argentum <*h₂ergn̥-t-om
|attio 'uncle' <*h₂ett-y-os
|attio 'uncle' <*h₂ett-y-os (v. ir. aite)
|bādiom 'bath' <*gʷōdʰ-y-om
|bādiom 'bath' <*gʷōdʰ-y-om (v. ir. baidim)
|bādunia 'spa' <*gʷōdʰ-un-y-eh₂
|benda 'peak, apex' < *bh₁end-a
|benda 'peak, apex' < *bh₁end-a (v. ir. benna)
|blāto 'flor' <*bʰlōto
|blāto 'flower' <*bʰlōto (v. ir. blāth)
|flos,-ris <*bʰlō-s
|blaido 'pale' <*bʰlHi-dos
|Illiriu. Blaedarus
|bleto 'plain' <*plh₁et-o
|leto 'plain' <*(p)lh₁et-o (bre. let)
|planta <*plh₂ent-eh₂
|briga 'settlement' <*bʰr̥gʰ-eh₂
|briga 'hill' <*bʰr̥gʰ-eh₂(v. ir. brig)
|for(g)tos <*bʰr̥gʰ-tos
|kabro 'goat' <*kh₂ep-r-o
|kaera 'goat' <*kh₂e(p)e-r-o (v. ir. cáer) y kabros 'goat' <*kh₂ep-r-o (v. ir. gabor)
|caper,-pri <*kh₂epe-r
|kando 'brilliant' <*kn̥d-o ó *kh₂end-o
|kando 'brilliant' <*kn̥d-o ó *kh₂end-o (v. ir. cann)
|candeō 'flash' <*kh₂end-y-o
|kloutos 'famous, well known' <*kleu-t-os
|kloutos 'famous' <*kleu-t-os (v. ir. cloth)
|in-clutos 'illustrious' <*kleu-t-os
|doubro 'deep waters <*dʰeubʰ-ro
|doubro 'deep waters' <*dʰeubʰ-ro (v. ir. dobur)
|dekam/degam 'diez' <*dekm̥
|dekam 'ten' <*dekm̥ (v. ir. deich)
|decem <*dekm̥
|dekamtos/degamtos 'tenth' <*dekm̥-tos
|dekametos 'ten' <*dekm̥(e)-tos (v. ir. dechmad)
|decimus <*dekm̥-os.
|desso 'right, south' <*deks-wo
|desso 'right, south' <*deks-wo (v. ir. dess)
|dexter <*deks-te-r
|dēvā 'goddess' <*dēiw-eh₂
|dēva 'goddess' <*dēiw-eh₂ (v. ir. día)
|dīva <*dēiw-eh₂
|dēvanā 'divine' <*dēiw-an-eh₂
|dēvona 'divine' <*dēiw-on-eh₂
|dīviana 'Dīana' <*dēiw-y-an-eh₂
|elano 'deer' <*h₁elHn-o
|elano 'deer' <*h₁elHn-o (gal. elain)
|ekuos 'horse' <*h₁ekwos
|ekuos 'horse' <*h₁ekwos (v. ir. ech)
|equus <*h₁ekwos
|kel(p)urno 'bucket' <*kh₁elp-ur-nos
|kelurno 'bucket' <*kh₁elp-ur-nos (v. ir. cilurnn)
|calpar <*kalp-ari?
|korio 'troop, army' <*kor-y-os
|korio 'troop, army' <*kor-y-os (v. ir. cuire)
|lema 'alder' <*lh₁em-eh₂
|lema 'alder' <*lh₁em-eh₂
|ulmus <*l̥m-os
|lougo 'dark' <*leug-os
|lougo 'raven' <*leug-os
|loukā 'fire, light' <*leuk-eh₂
|louka 'fire, light' <*leuk-eh₂(gal. llug)
|lux,-ucis/luceo <*leuk-is/ <*leuk-e-y-o
|magilos 'noble, prince' <*mh₁eg-y-los
|magalos 'noble' <*<*mh₁eg-H-los (v. ir. mal)
|mandika 'mare' ? <*mn̥d-y-ka
|mando 'foal' <*mn̥d-os
|mando 'foal' <*mn̥d-os
|menzana (iovi) <*mn̥d-y-on-o
|matu 'good' <*mHt-u
|mati 'good' <*<*mHt-i(v. ir. maith)
|mānus <*meh₂n-us
|nāvā 'boat' <*neh₂u-eh₂
|nāvā 'boat' <*neh₂u-eh₂(v. ir. nau)
|nāvis <*neh₂u-is
|nāvilo 'sailable' <*neh₂u-y-lo
|nemetos 'sacred' <*nebʰ-etos
|nemetom 'sanctuary' <*nebʰ-etom (v. ir. nemed)
|nemus <*nebʰ-os
|novan 'nueve' <*novm̥
|novan 'nine' <*novm̥ (v. ir. noi)
|novem <*novm̥
|novanios ninth' <*novm̥-y-os
|novametos 'ninth' <*novm̥(e)-tos (v. ir. nomad)
|novenus <*novm̥-y-os
|okelo 'song'
|(p)eno 'lake' <*(p)eno
|eno 'lake' y enakos 'quagmire' (v. ir. enach) <*(p)eno
|Panonnia 'land of lakes' (Illyriu)
|progeneio 'family' <*pro-gene-y-o
|rogeneies 'family' <*(p)ro-gene-y-es
|progenies <*pro-gen-y-es
|provesa 'knowledge' <*pro-weid-t-am
|rovesa 'knowledge' <*(p)ro-weid-t-am (v. ir. rofess)
|sego 'beat' <*sh₁egʰ-o
|sego 'beat' <*sh₁egʰ-o (v. ir. seg)
|segio 'strong' <*sh₁egʰ-y-o
|sīlo 'son, seed' <*seh₁-lo
|sīlo 'son, seed' <*seh₁-lo (v. ir. sil)
|trīs 'three' <*treh₁s
|trīs 'three' <*treh₁s (v. ir. tri)
|trēs <*treh₁s
|tritio 'third' <*tr̥t-y-os
|tritio 'third' <*tr̥t-y-os (gal. trydydd)
|tertius <*tert-y-os
|verna 'black poplar' (en Vernesga) <*vh₁ern-eh₂
|verna 'black poplar' <*vh₁ern-eh₂(o. ir. fern)
|vindo 'white' <*win-dʰ-o
|vindo 'white' <*win-dʰ-o (o. ir. find)
|vindio '' <*win-dʰ-y-o
|virio 'homiegu' <*wir-y-os
|viro 'man' <*wir-os (o. ir. fer)
|vir <*wir-os
|vā 'femenine of two' <*dwā
|vā 'two' <*dwā
|vo 'masculín 'of two' <*dwo
|vo 'two' <*dwō (gal. gwo)
|duo 'two' <*dwō
Wikimedia Asturies.
Translation to English.
Maritsa Solares.
Juan Luis García Alonso "Lenguas indoeuropeas prerromanas en el Noroeste Peninsular": In the lands of the Hispanic northwest the Indo-European linguistic prints are practically inexistent or at least it is not easy to demonstrate their presence with a reasonable security. The discussion is another one: which is the spoken Indo-European language or languages that was spoken here before the Romans arrived. Palaeohispánica 9 pxs. 163-174 (2009)
Antonio Tovar "La inscripción del Cabeço das Fráguas y la lengua de los lusitanoa" Actas. Salamanca: Lusitanian and Celtiberian appear as two Indo-European languages whose remains are clearly signaled out. We still believe that the other Indo-European languages of the Iberian Peninsula gravitate towards one or the other of these languages (...)
K.H. Schmidt "A Contribution to the Identification of Lusitanian" Actas del III Coloquio sobre Lenguas y Culturas Paleohispánicas. Salamanca, 1985, pp. 319-341.
Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel "Centro y áreas laterales: La formación del celtibérico sobre el fondo del celta peninsular hispano" Palaeohispánica 2 (2002)
Martín Sevilla "Topónimos asturianos de origen indoeuropeo prelatino" BIDEA 96 (pxs 153-189) Uviéu 1979.
Luis García Alonso "Etnonimia antigua de España" Palaeohispánica 6 (2006)
(…) the evolution of the sequence d and v doesn't create an affricate, but a simplification of the group: dyV- > yV-. Thus, IOVEAI < *dyew-(i)yo-. In this way, the reconstructed form for Zoela would show a non Lusitanian phonetic treatment, but an identical one to that posed by Patrizia de Bernardo for Celtiberic.
Francisco Villar "Vascos, celtas e indoeuropeos: genes y lenguas" Acta Salmanticensia Estudios filológicos. V. 307. Ed. Universidad de Salamanca (2005)
Donald MacAulay "The Celtic languages" (Px. 3) Ed: Cambridge University Press (1992)
Blanca M. Prosper "Lenguas y religiones prerromanas del occidente de la Península Ibérica" (Px. 158). Ed. Universidad de Salamanca (2002)
Xavier Delamarre "Les noms du compagnon en gaulois" (Px. 47) Studia Celtica Finnica nº II, Ed: Finnish society for celtic studies (2005) La diphtongue /oi/ est certainement secondaire en gaulois tardif, cf. Doiros qui doit être pour *Duwiros 'Mauvais Homme', en voie de disparition comme on l'observe dans les doublets Doviccus /Doeccus, Divo/Dio,Bivo/Bio,Novio/Noio….
Mijail Zelikov "El aspecto fonético en el problema de las coincidencias vasco-celtas" Ed: University of Saint Petersburg. 2004. Another common phenomenon, the loss of 'p' that affected fundamentally the initial position in words of Basque and Celtic is also admitted."
Martín Sevilla "Los hidrónimos porma/puerma" Archivum: Magazine of the Filological Faculty, (Px. 689-694). Ed. Universidá d'Uviéu. (1981)
Blanca María Prósper "Varia céltica epigraphica" Palaeohispanica 7. (Px. 161-174) 2007 it doesn't produce the loss of the/g/ in the Asturian zone, although it does among the Galaic Celts.
This trait gives force to the arguments that indicate a Galaic origin of the Celtic settlement of Beriso, from the tribe of the Cabarcos, according to the stone found in Salas (CIL II 5739).
Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel "Grafemica e fonologia del Celtiberico: Una nuova legge fonetica che genera dittonghi" (px. 319-334) Religión, lengua y cultura prerromanas de Hispania (2001)
Blanca María Prósper "New Lusitanian inscription from Portoalegre" Emerita. Revista de Lingüística y Filología Clásica. (px. 23) 2009.
Xavier Delamarre "Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise" Ed. Errance, París 2003 (px.144)
Martín Sevilla "Asturiano samecer 'calm, tranquilise' and the hydronyms Sama" Archivum, Magazine of the Filological Faculty, Tomes L-LI, Un.de Oviedo, (pxs.429-431) 2000-2001.
Juan José Moralejo "Hidrónimos Galaicos con sufijo ''–antia''. Palaeohispanica 9. (Px. 837-860) 2005
(Prosper 2002. Px. 140) it seems possible, then, that the pronunciation of /i/ in intervocalic posotonic position was /e/
Francisco Marco Simón "Deis Equeunu(bo)". Minutes from the VII congress on Paleohispanic languages and cultures Px. 481-490. Zaragoza 1997.
Photographs and illustrations:
1ª.- Stone of Medúgeno, from the clan of the Cilúrnigos, found in Xixón – Asturies. Source: Wikipedia.
2ª.- Stone of Botiu, son of Matugeno, found in the lands at Zoela near Bragança. Source: wikimedia Asturies
3ª.- Celtic settlement Nóega. Author: Marcos Morilla. Source: turismoasturias,com
4ª.- Stag in Asturies during mating season. Author:J. L. Cerejido. Source: Agencia EFE.
5.- Flag of the Celtic Nations flying in Xixón.


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To Alexander Hamilton from William S. Smith, 25 March 1800
From William S. Smith
Union Brigade [Scotch Plains, New Jersey]
March 25th. 1800
I have communicated to Colo. Ogden1 the arrangements I have made relative to the experiments I am making on the proper measure of the pace, as stated in your Letter of the 18th. to whom at present, I beg leave generally to refer you. I have made arrangements to procure the necessary pendulums to correctly mark the cadence of the common 75—Quick 100—& wheeling times 120. pr. minute, I must confess I am attached to the english time. I know it to be founded on the most approved Prussian system, and is the basis of those highly improved Evolutions, published by Colo. Dundas on which British tactic is now founded, and which is elivating the British army to a point of reputation which they have so long stood in need of.
I find that the British pace gives 65½ yards pr. minute which in 8 minutes covers 522⅔ yds. that our pace pr. minute gives but 50 yards pr. minute in 8 minutes covers 400 yards, of course the advantage gained in 8 minutes is 122⅔ds. yards
If therefore we can introduce and accostom our troops to the Prussian or British step, I think there can be no hesitation which to chuse. I will however do myself the honor of reporting the result of experiments about to be made. I should wish your permission to try the steps when acquired, upon British or Prussian principles of tacticks extracts from which and some notes personally made, I am possessed of, but feel a diffidence in entering on these experiments, without your permission being previously obtained.
I have the Honor to be, with great respect Sir. Your most obed. Humble Servt.
W. S. Smith
Lt. Colo. of ye. 12th
ALS, Hamilton Papers, Library of Congress.
1. Aaron Ogden.


text:
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Abhyudaya Bank –Recruitment Details:
|Org Name
|Abhyudaya Bank
|Job Location
|Mumbai, Gandhinagar, Bengaluru|Bangalore
|Name of the Post
|Clerk Job Posts
|Apply Mode
|Above 20 years – Below 30 years
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Name of the Post:
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Age Limit:
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