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Why I am Running!
Subject No 1: The Ring Road
By Dr. Nfor N Susungi, Candidate for Presidential Elections in October 2011.
I want to talk to you about the Ring Road, one of the most emblematic road links in Cameroon that has very high emotive power in the Northwest Province. But let me begin by reminding you of some rhetorical questions which I asked in my statement of declaration of candidature for the presidential elections of October 2011:
- Do you know that since reunification only 7% of Cameroonian roads are paved?
- Do you know that the indigenes of Manyu Division, resident in Limbe and Douala have to travel through Bafoussam and Bamenda in order to get to Mamfe, as a result of the state of the Kumba Mamfe road?
- Do you know that in spite of their isolation, Manyu, Meme, Kupe Manenguba, Lebialem and Ndian Divisions always vote 100% in favor of the CPDM party in the hope that the Biya government will one day construct roads for them?
- Do you know that the Eastern province does not have even one single kilometer of tarred roads?
- Do you know that 31% of Nigerian roads, 65% of Tunisian roads, 56% of Moroccan roads, 18% of Ghanaian roads, 21% of South African roads and 78% of Malaysian roads are paved?
I recall that when President Paul Biya first came to Bamenda in 1983, he was enthroned to the exalted position of Fon of Fons by the Fon of Mankon. In one of those speeches which are normally drafted for the visiting dignitary by one of the sons of the region being visited by the Head of State, President Paul Biya made the pledge to personally supervise the construction and asphalting of the Ring Road. The President delivered his speech and left the people of the Northwest Province extremely happy with themselves that the Fon of Fons had spoken. But what they did not know was that President Paul Biya is a man who normally accepts everything cheerfully in a face to face meeting. But the concept of "commitment" is entirely outside of his political lexicon.
Volcanologists told the Cameroonian people that this was a natural disaster caused by the explosion of a toxic gas bubble which had accumulated at the bottom of the lake. This disaster drew worldwide attention to this region and international relief agencies flew in supplies to the airport in Bamenda. They discovered however that the Bamenda/Wum road was completely un-motorable. The relief agencies had to resort to the use of helicopters to ferry supplies from the airport in Bamenda to the victims in Wum and Nkambe.
The British government was of the view that prevention is better than cure. Therefore the best way to get ready for the next toxic gas explosion from one of these volcanic lakes was to construct the Ring Road, linking Bamenda, Wum, Nkambe, Kumbo and Bamenda. This disaster lifeline would enable disaster relief to be trucked quickly to any part of the North West in the event of the repeat of a disaster similar to Lake Nyos.
The British Overseas Development Administration (ODA) offered the Cameroon government a loan to finance the construction of the Ring Road. After one full year of high level politics at the Presidency in Yaoundé on the award of the contract for constructing the road, Mr. Mbella Mbappe, the Director of Civil Cabinet of President Paul Biya wrote a memo to Mr. Dakayi Kamga the Minister of Public Works saying the following:
Monsieur le Ministre,
Objet: Ring Road
"Le Chef de d'état a décidé de surseoir l'attribution du marché pour le projet cité en objet" (The Head of State has decided to set aside (cancel) the award of the contract for the project cited above).
That is how the Ring Road was killed in 1988. After that the British ODA cancelled the loan that had been granted to Cameroon.
In the following years, the French scientists were engaged in an elaborate project involving the constructing a floating platform from which pipes were sent to the bottom of Lake Nyos so that the gas can be continuously evacuated into the atmosphere rather than being allowed to accumulate at the bottom of the lake.
In 1989, I was the Deputy Director of the Department of Infrastructure in the African Development Bank. This department was responsible for financing all types of infrastructure projects throughout the African continent. Finding myself in such a strategic position, I wrote a confidential letter to Mr. Tchouta Moussa (RIP) who was at the time the Minister of Planning in Yaoundé. I told him confidentially that from my position, I was well placed to ensure that projects submitted by the Cameroon government are inserted into the Banks pipeline for financing. I urged him to write officially to the bank, submitting the lists of projects for which financing is needed. I assured him that I shall make sure that the projects are inserted into the pipeline for funding support. I also took the liberty of telling him that he should ensure that the Ring Road is included on the list of projects that his Ministry shall submit to the Bank because the project was of particular interest to me. I was determined not to beat about the bush.
Mr. Tchouta Moussa wrote back a polite and laconic response telling me that the Ring Road is not one of the priority projects in the investment plan of the Cameroon government. That is the last that I ever heard from Mr. Tchouta Moussa. I still have that letter with me in my file to the present day. The Ring Road had died a second time.
In 1990, as the economic crisis which started in 1987 had resulted in a very serious deterioration in the state of road infrastructure in the country, my department sent an appraisal team to Yaoundé to hold discussions with the Ministry of Public Works on a Transport Sector Programme for possible financing by the African Development Bank. The programme was going to involve the financing of several road segments across the country.
The appraisal team came back with a programme to include the construction and improvements of the following road segments:
- Eseka – Lolodorf
- Melong – Dschang
- Bamenda – Batibo
- Bachuo Akagbe – Mamfe Town
- Nditam – Ngambi Tikar
- Abong Mbang – Lomie
The program was also going to include the acquisition of Construction Equipment for Matgenie. The total cost of this programme was around $100 million.
When the appraisal report was presented to the loans committee of the African development bank, there was a lot of opposition from committee members who felt that the programme was too ambitious for Cameroon. They wanted that the appraisal mission should go back to Cameroon and scale back the programme to something more modest.
I lost my temper in the loans committee at this suggestion. Witnesses at that meeting have told me later that I reacted like a wounded lion on that day. I shouted and intimidated my colleagues until they finally approved the entire programme because they eventually understood that the programme was important to me as a Cameroonian.
I want to state here very clearly and categorically that whoever drives on the roads: Eseka/Lolodorf, Melong /Dschang, Bamenda/Batibo, Bachuo Akagbe/Mamfe Town should know that I take full personal credit for organizing and fighting for the financing of those roads through the African Development Bank. If I did not throw my full weight behind this Transport Sector Programme, it was going to be thrown out. Mr. Etta, the former Minister of Public Works is a witness because he came to Abidjan Cote d'Ivoire to negotiate the loan. I deeply regret the fact that the earth-moving machinery which was financed for Matgenie from the African Development Bank loan was asset-stripped by unscrupulous civil servants who ran Matgenie to the ground.
However, I take consolation in the fact that the African Development Bank eventually cancelled the $100 million loan as part of the completion of the HIPCs programme in May 2006. The roads which were constructed with the loan are still being used today by the Cameroonian public. No one can challenge this achievement.
In May 1990, Ni John Fru Ndi launched the Social Democratic Front Party (SDF) at Ntarikon Market. This triggered a democratic revolution throughout Cameroon which saw the population of the Northwest Province falling solidly behind the SDF. The reason was very simple. They were disappointed that the Biya government had stubbornly refused to construct the Ring Road. The Ring Road means more to the people of the Northwest province than any other project in that country. With the Ring Road, the population can make a living on agriculture and tourism in this region which is so beautiful.
It is against this background that I want to comment on the excitement which greeted the population of the Northwest Province when President Paul Biya promised during the festivities of the Golden Jubilee of the Armed Forces in Bamenda that the Ring Road would be constructed. This promise was reiterated 27 years after the one that was made in 1983. A whole generation has passed.
First of all the speech was written by the Prime Minister's Office. Everyone knows that. The President read it as usual. But we all know that such speeches do not represent any commitment for Mr. Biya. It is possible that in drafting the speech the Prime Minister, who spent so many years in Canada as Ambassador, was unaware of previous government promises for the construction of the Ring Road. This cannot be held against him.
But there is an Ivorian musician who composed a very interesting and popular song saying the following:
On dit premier Gaou n'est pas Gaou ooo.
C'est deuxième Gaou Qui est Gnata ooo!
I want to congratulate my brothers, sisters, mothers and fathers and above all my Royal Fathers for the welcome which was extended to President Paul Biya in Bamenda. That is the only way to honour a visiting head of State. However, I plead with them not to be as gullible as to be derisively stigmatized deuxième, troisième ou quatrième Gaou!
If the President was in Bamenda to canvass for the votes of the people of the Northwest Province in case he decides to run for re-election in 2011, there is nothing wrong with that. But those votes should never again be sold on credit. I am saying this because I know that the government does not have the resources to honor the commitment to construct a power station in Bamenda, the Ring Road, the Bamenda University and other Pork Barrel projects which were promised in the speech prepared by Prime Minister Philemon Yang. If the people of the Northwest accept to sell their votes on credit again, then they should understand that C'est deuxième Gaou Qui est Gnata ooo!
Barely back in Yaoundé, President Paul Biya signed a decree establishing the State University of Bamenda. It is beautiful and good, but it is the easiest part because we all know that the Cameroonian state lacks the financial resources to build this university. The proof is that the government has launched a bond issue for the amount of 200 billion FCFA aimed at Gabonese private and public investors. In other words, the Gabonese people and their government are now called to lend to Cameroon the financial resources needed to operate the Cameroonian government. This is serious! It is even very serious! The question of this 200 billion FCFA bond issue shall be more thoroughly analyzed in a separate issue of this series.
President Paul Biya's reign is coming to an end. He is on his way out. The reason is because President Paul Biya finally met publicly with his nemesis Ni John Fru Ndi. This is a very reliable spiritual sign. This means that the time has come for him to bow out.
Neither the Ring Road nor the Bamenda University will be built by him. That is a job for his successor. The Ring Road will finally be built by a President who understands its importance in the economy of the Northwest Province and not because its construction should be perceived as a favor to the people of the Northwest Province. It will be constructed by a President who understands how the Northwest Province fits into the economy of the whole country. I have prepared this overall plan in the Newcam Prosperity Pact which shall be unveiled to the country in February 2011.
I am running for President to succeed President Paul Biya because I know that the Ring Road will never be constructed unless someone who knows the North West Province finally becomes President of the Republic of Cameroon. In spite of the condition of the Ring Road, I know that the late President Ahmadu Ahidjo visited Nkambe twice during his Presidency. But President Paul Biya has never gone to Mile 2 Nkwen. How can he possibly know anything about the Northwest or the Ring Road?
The President of a country must demonstrate that he is interested in the country by physically visiting different parts of the country as often as possible. I know Cameroon from Kouserri to Mouloundou and from Meiganga to Ekok because I have travelled all over Cameroon. This is the type of knowledge that has enabled me to come up with a very credible economic programme which will affect the lives of the Cameroonian people during the next 10-15 years. I have demonstrated all my life that I have the combative spirit to defend any cause anywhere and to any level once I believe in it. The cause which I believe in now is known as The Newcam Prosperity Pact. Rendezvous in Yaoundé in February 2011.
Related Articles
- Cameroon: President Paul Biya Begins Re-Election Campaign (sahelblog.wordpress.com)
- Group calls on Jonathan to complete mitigation dam (vanguardngr.com)
- Loh Mariatou : Cameroon (kiva.org)
- Nigeria faces the threat of Lake Nyos dam break (vanguardngr.com)
- Motih Mariana Awah Awah : Cameroon (kiva.org)


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Submitted by french on
The Impacts by Country chart below presents the cumulative impact, and the contribution of each stressor type to that cumulative effect, for each country or territory in the world. Results are presented for the highest average impact (top) to lowest average impact (bottom), with each of the nineteen individual stressors color-coded within each country's score.
Click on the chart below to to view the image in higher resolution or access the PDF here.

subset: commoncrawl


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Forms for creating and editing wiki pages.
Installs: 17 080
Dependents: 2
Suggesters: 0
Security: 0
Stars: 12
Watchers: 17
Forks: 23
- php: >=5.3.0
- composer/installers: 1.*,>=1.0.1
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- jakub-onderka/php-console-highlighter: 0.3.2
- mediawiki/mediawiki-codesniffer: 19.2.0
- mediawiki/minus-x: 0.3.1
- mediawiki/open-layers: Allow us to use ResourceLoader for OpenLayers.
- dev-master / 4.0.x-dev
- 4.6
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This package is auto-updated.
Last update: 2020-01-17 19:41:59 UTC
== About == Page Forms is an extension to MediaWiki that allows for the creation of forms that can be used to create and edit pages. It can work by itself, or in conjuction with two other extensions that both handle the storage of data: Cargo and Semantic MediaWiki. For much more information on Page Forms, see the extension homepage at https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Page_Forms Notes on installing Page Forms can be found in the file INSTALL. == Credits == Page Forms was created, and mostly written by, Yaron Koren. Significant parts of the code were contributed by Stephan Gambke. Much of the jQuery and related JavaScript functionality was initially created by Sanyam Goyal as part of the 2010 Google Summer of Code program. Integration with the Page Schemas extension was initially created by Ankit Garg as part of the 2011 Google Summer of Code. Support for section handling, and PHPUnit tests, were added by Himeshi De Silva as part of the 2013 Google Summer of Code. The "tokens" and updated "combobox" input types were created by Jatin Mehta as part of the 2014 Google Summer of Code. Support for hierarchies in the Cargo extension was added by Feroz Ahmed as part of the 2017 Google Summer of Code. The page Special:MultiPageEdit was added by Yashdeep Thorat as part of the 2018 Google Summer of Code. Handling of "display=calendar" was added by Priyanshu Varshney as part of the 2019 Google Summer of Code. Important code contributions were also made by Christoph Burgmer, Cindy Cicalese, Daniel Friesen, Daniel Hansch, Eugene Mednikov, Harold Solbrig, Ilmārs Poikāns, Jayson Harshbarger, Jeffrey Stuckman, Joel Natividad, Jeroen De Dauw, Joel Natividad, Louis Gerbarg, LY Meng, Mathias Lidal, Matt Williamson, MWJames, Niklas Laxstrom, Nils Opperman, Paladox, Patrick Nagel, Peter Grassberger, Remco de Boer, Sebastian Richter, Sergey Chernyshev, Siebrand Mazeland, Simon Heimler, Solitarius, Tombolano, Tom Fellows, Vedmaka, wheresmytab and others. Language translations were provided by many people; see the files in the /i18n and /languages directories for the full listings. == Contact == Comments, questions and suggestions should be sent to the MediaWiki or mailing list: https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-l If possible, please add "[Page Forms]" at the beginning of the subject line, to clarify the subject matter. Bug reports should be submitted at the Wikimedia Phabricator site: https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/ == Credits to other projects == Page Forms includes the following JavaScript libraries: * fancyBox, also known as fancyBox3 (https://fancyapps.com/fancybox/3/), distributed under the GPLv3 license. * Fancytree (https://github.com/mar10/fancytree) by Martin Wendt, distributed under the MIT license. * FullCalendar (https://fullcalendar.io/), distributed under the MIT license. * jsGrid (http://js-grid.com) by Artem Tabalin, distributed under the MIT license. * RateYo! (http://rateyo.fundoocode.ninja/) by Prashanth Pamidi, distributed under the MIT license. * Select2 (https://select2.github.io) by Igor Vaynberg, distributed under both the Apache and GPL licenses. * Sortable (http://sortablejs.github.io/Sortable/) by RubaXa and owenm, distributed under the MIT license. It also includes the Balloon.css CSS library (https://kazzkiq.github.io/balloon.css/) by Claudio Holanda, distributed under the MIT license. Page Forms also makes extensive use of the jQuery and jQuery UI JavaScript libraries, as well as some use of the OOUI library, all included within MediaWiki.


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Anoopam Mission is organising Eye Camps in Dhari and Chhapaiya. Thousands of persons have benefited as a result of its efforts. It is very encouraging to know that these camps have received recognition abroad. Doctors from the U.S.A. and U.K. have been providing their services hand in hand with doctors and nurses from India. The services provided range from the detection of various anatomical irregularities through eye examinations, cataract removals to intra-occular implans and the supply of prescription appliances.
Netra Yagna at Dhari


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Candle Coach
location on Google Maps.
in new tab.
on social media.
Candle Coach in Canton, OH is a reputable transportation company that offers exceptional charter and tour services. With our help, you can enjoy the freedom to travel without worrying about your schedule and route.
Join one of our tours, and be part of a family of happy travelers. Make new friends, and go on unique and exciting adventures together. We are sure you will go home satisfied.
Business Hours
Monday 9:00 AM - 5:30 PM
Tuesday 9:00 AM - 5:30 PM
Wednesday 9:00 AM - 5:30 PM
Thursday 9:00 AM - 5:30 PM
Friday 9:00 AM - 5:30 PM
Saturday 9:00 AM - 2:00 PM
Sunday Closed
commentAugust 2012 "We sure enjoy Candle Coach. It's a fun time every time we go. We always look forward to the next one."— Harvey and Eleanor (Jan-27-16)


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I was surprised that today I got to name 7 kittens and 3 adult cats. The adult cats names are Mirage, Alice, and Karinka. The kittens are Kenshin, Totoro, Ramen, Risa, Sakura, Yuki, and Cinder. Just some background on where I work for those of you that don't know, I work at the Humane Society as an exam tech. I was an exciting day for me today :)
Monday, January 10, 2011
Hello Monday!!!
Posted by Yuveria at 9:31 PM
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ARTree Got Slammed and Framed in Newhall
Families joined the festivities at the first JAM Session by designing their personalized frames. Each of the families were able to take home the frames they painted and decorated with beads and crazy decor.
Please refer to our calendar for upcoming JAM Sessions. They are fun for the whole family. Best of all, they are free!


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2020 Grant Funding
The City of Aspen is pleased to announce the application process for Community Arts and Non-Profits grants is now open with over $1 million in available funding. To make it easier for applicants, this year, the City has created a streamlined online application for both groups.
A variety of City funds contribute to the non-profits and arts grants. A total of $465,000 in cash and $100,000 of in-kind donations are available for non-profits via the General Fund and $33,000 from the Parks and Open Space fund. Arts grants are supported through $400,000 cash and $15,000 of in-kind donations from the Wheeler Opera House Fund.
Applications are being accepted now through July 29, 2019. Applications will be reviewed by the Citizen Grant Committee with recommendations presented to City Council in Fall 2019.
In addition, the cycle for HHS grants of over $400,000 will be open in early June in conjunction with the Pitkin County application.
Wheeler Non-Profit Arts Grants
The Wheeler is proud to support the arts in Aspen and of the total grant amount, $100,000 comes directly from the Wheeler Real Estate Transfer Tax fund. The remaining amount is generated from Wheeler revenue sources such as fees and lease space rent. We look forward to the many contributions of these arts groups throughout the year.
To access the new online application, please select the link below.
Wheeler Arts Grant Online Application
Other Resources:
Wheeler Arts Grants Practice Form
Community Non-Profit Grants
The City of Aspen provides funding support to private 501(c)3 non-profit organizations. We recognize the significance of community-based organizations and/or groups, and the importance they play in providing various services in the communities they serve.
To access the new online application, please select the link below:
Community Non-Profits Grant Online Application
Other Resources:
Community Non-Profits Grants Practice Form
Health and Human Services Grants
The City of Aspen also awards grants for health and human services to other government entities and local non-profits. These grants are prioritized for services that will address mental health and substance abuse, including suicide prevention, and programs that support community and family connections for individuals that work or live in the City of Aspen. Grant applications for HHS are available through a joint application process managed by Pitkin County Human Services Department.
To access the online application, please visit the Pitkin County Grants link below:
Health and Human Services Grant
Grant Review Committee
A volunteer citizen board, appointed by the City Council, reviews all grant requests. The Citizen Grant Review Committee evaluates each non-profit grant request in terms of demonstrated financial need, fiscal viability, and adherence to the goals and values of the City of Aspen and value added to the community.
Accepted applications will be forwarded to the Citizen Grant Review Committee, and will be reviewed based on the following:
- Success or impact of past funding
- Past organizational challenges
- Need for specific funding request
- Number of City residents to be served
- Youth Programming
- Aspen-centric focus
- Overall value of application
- Impact of grant to the organization
- Support from other local organizations
- Extent that resources are committed to Executive Staff is weighed in an acceptable manner
2020 Application Process
Information regarding the 2020 Process is listed as follows:
- May 2019: 2020 Grant Applications Available
- July 29th, 2019: 2020 Grant Applications Due
- September / October: Grant Application Review and Interviews by Committee
- End of October: Committee Makes Recommendations to City Council
- November: City Council will consider the funding recommendations during the City's Annual Budget Process
- November / December: City of Aspen Budget Approved
- December / January: 2020 Grant Contracts Mailed to Approved Non-Profits
- Mid-April 2020: 2020 Grant Checks Mailed
Citizen Grant Review Committee Interview
Applicants may be requested to complete a fifteen (15) minute interview with the Citizen Grant Review Committee prior to the committee making recommendations to the City Council. This is the non-profit's opportunity to present their funding request and explain how it will benefit the community. The committee also has an opportunity to ask any questions regarding the application. The Citizen Grant Review Committee has the option to forego interviews with select non-profits, if deemed appropriate.
More Information
If you have questions, or need further information, please contact Julie Gillespie at the Wheeler Opera House 970-920-5774 or email@example.com.


text:
Share Your Expertise
The CFE provides faculty with opportunities to share best practices, innovation, tried and true approaches, teaching techniques, outcomes and results, and scholarly reflection of teaching and learning on campus and within the broader academic community.
Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: Putting Teaching Improvements to Work!
The CFE is expanding its support for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL). SoTL represents a systematic, evidence-based approach to improving teaching and learning. With proper planning, UNC faculty members who are taking steps to improve student learning can collect data to help gauge the effectiveness of the changes they are making. In addition to providing useful feedback on teaching methods, such findings are also being used as a foundation for published articles, conference presentations, and to help bolster professional vitae.
Faculty Peer Visits Program
The Faculty Peer Visits Program provides UNC-CH faculty members with an opportunity to see peers representing a variety of disciplines implementing interactive methods in a live classroom setting. Whether you are an instructor who has been using interactive methods for years or are trying to get ready to teach your first large class, you are likely to benefit from the visits by getting new ideas for effective practice and reflecting on your own practice.
Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Grants
The CFE is pleased to announce a small grants program to support faculty members who wish 1) to publish on the results of changes they have made to their teaching or 2) to present on their findings at local, national, or international conferences. The Center hopes that the program will make it possible for more Carolina faculty members to share their scholarship on effective teaching with the greater education community.
Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Faculty Learning Community (SoTL FLC)
The growing number of faculty members interested in sharing the results of their work in the classroom represent the movement known as the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL). This work is based on methodologies that offer some evidence about the impact of the intervention on student learning experiences and outcomes.


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Liberalization and Incentives for Labor Migration: Theory with Applications to NAFTA
James R. Markusen, Stephen Zahniser
NBER Working Paper No. 6232
One of the motivations for NAFTA from the US point of view was to reduce the" incentives for Mexican migration into the US. Unskilled rural males are a primary source of" illegal immigration and also Mexico's relatively abundant factor. This group should therefore" be made better off by trade and investment liberalization according to the traditional" Heckscher-Ohlin model. Existing evidence, along with best guesses of many experts in the" area, suggest that NAFTA is unlikely to have a significant positive impact on this group least not within the time frame of several decades. We draw on a number of recent theoretical" contributions in order to offer reasons why NAFTA may not raise the wages of unskilled" Mexican workers.
Machine-readable bibliographic record - MARC, RIS, BibTeX
Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w6232
Published: Trade and Factor Mobility, deMelo, J., R. Faini and K. Zimmerman, eds., London: Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 263-294.
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text:
The Wanderer's Last Journey
- Part. I—The Meeting of those Near and Dear.
- Part II—Leaving Vaishali.
- Part III-His End.
1. The Centres of His Preachings.
2. The Places He Visited.
3. Last Meeting between Mother and Son and between Wife and Husband.
4.Last Meeting between Father and Son.
5.Last Meeting between the Buddha and Sariputta.
The Centres of His Preachings
1. It is not that after the appointment of the missionaries the Lord sat at one place. He too continued to be his own missionary.
2. The Lord seems to have made certain places chief centres of his missionary work.
3. Of such centres, the chief were Shravasti and Rajagraha.
4. He visited Shravasti about 75 times and Rajagraha about 24 times.
5. Certain other places were made minor centres.
6. They were Kapilavastu, which he visited 6 times, Vaishali which he visited 6 times, and Kamas-sadhamma, 4 times.
The Places He Visited
1. Besides these main and minor centres the Blessed Lord visited many other places during the course of his missionary tour.
2. He visited Ukkatha, Nadika, Sal, Assapura, Ghoshitaram, Nalanda, Appana, Etuma.
3. He visited Opasad, lccha-naukal, Chandal Kuppa, Kushinara.
4. He visited Devadaha, Pava, Ambasanda, Setavya, Anupiya and Ugunma.
5. The names of the places he visited show that he travelled over the Sakya Desa, the Kuru Desa and Anga Desa.
6. Roughly speaking, he travelled over the whole of Northern India.
7. These appear to be a few places. But what distance do they cover ? Rajagraha from Lumbini is not less than 250 miles. This just gives an idea of distances.
8. These distances the Lord walked on foot. He did not even use a bullock-cart.
9. In his wanderings he had no place to stay until later on when his lay disciples built Viharas and resting places which he and his Bhikkhus used as halts on their journeys. Most often he lived under vii the shade of wayside trees.
10. He went from place to place, sometimes from village to village, resolving the doubts and difficulties of those who were willing to accept his message, controverting the arguments of those who were his opponents and preaching his gospel to those who like children came to him for guidance.
11. The Blessed Lord knew that all those who came to listen to him were not all of them intelligent, not all of them came with an open and a free mind.
12. He had even warned the brethren that there were three sorts of listeners.
13. The empty-head, the fool who cannot see,— though oft and oft, unto the brethren going, he hears their talk, beginning, middle, end,—but can never grasp it. Wisdom is not his.
14. Better than he the man of scattered brains, who oft and oft, unto the brethren going, hears all their talk, beginning, middle, end, and seated there can grasp the very words, yet, rising, nought retains. Blank is his mind.
15. Better than these the man of wisdom wide. He, oft and oft unto the brethren going, hears all their talk, beginning, middle, end, and seated there, can grasp the very words, bears all in mind, steadfast, unwavering, skilled in the Norm and what conforms thereto.
16. Notwithstanding this, the Lord was never tired of going from place to place preaching his gospel.
17. As a bhikkhu the Lord never had more than three pieces of clothes. He lived on one meal a day and he begged his food from door to door every morning.
18. His mission was the hardest task assigned to any human being. He discharged it so cheerfully.
Last Meeting between Mother and Son and between Wife and Husband
1. Before their death Mahaprajapati and Yesho-dhara met the Blessed Lord,
2. It was probably their last meeting with him.
3. Mahaprajapati went and first worshipped him.
4. She thanked him for having given her the happiness of the good doctrine, for her having been spiritually born through him: for the doctrine having grown in her through him; for her having suckled him, drinking the Dhamma-milk of him; for her having plunged in and crossed over the ocean of becoming through him—what a glorious thing it has been to be known as the mother of the Buddha ! 5. And then she uttered her plea:— " I desire to die finally having put away this corpse. 0 sorrow-ender, permit me."
6. Yeshodhara, addressing the Blessed Lord, said that she was in her seventy-eighth year. The Blessed Lord replied that he was in his eighties.
7. She told him that she was to die that very night. Her tone was more self-reliant than that of Mahaprajapati. She did not ask his permission to die nor did she go to him to seek him as her refuge.
8. On the contrary, she said to him (me saranam atthano), " I am my own refuge."
9. She had conquered all the cankers in her life.
10. She came to thank him because it was he who had shown her the way and given her the power.
Last Meeting between Father and Son
1. Once when the Lord was staying at Raja-graha in the bamboo grove Rahula was staying at Ambalathika.
2. The Blessed One arising towards eventide from his meditation went over to Rahula, who seeing the Lord some way off, set a seat for him and water to wash his feet.
3. Seating himself on the seat set for him, the Lord poured water over his feet while Rahula, after salutations, took his seat to one side.
4. Addressing Rahula, the Blessed Lord said "He who does not shrink from deliberate lying has not—say I—left undone any evil thing which he could. Therefore, you must school yourself never to tell a lie even in jest.
5. " In the same way you must reflect and again in doing every act, in speaking every word and in thinking every thought.
6. "When you want to do anything you must reflect whether it would conduce to your or others' harm or to both, and so is a wrong act productive of woe and ripening into woe. If reflection tells you that this is the nature of that contemplated act, you should not do it.
7. " But if reflection assures you there is no harm but good in it, then you may do it.
8. "Grow in loving kindness; for as you do so malevolence will pass away.
9. "Grow in compassion; for as you do so vexation will pass away.
10. "Grow in gladness over others' welfare; for as you do so aversions will pass away.
11. "Grow in poised equanimity; for as you do so all repugnance will pass away.
12. "Grow in contemplation of the body's corruption; for as you do so passion will pass away.
13. "Grow in perception of the fleeting nature of things; for as you do so the pride of self will fall away."
14. Thus spoke the Lord. Glad at heart, Rahula rejoiced in what the Lord had said.
Last Meeting between the Buddha and Sariputta
1. The Blessed Lord was staying in Shravasti in the Jetavana in the Gaudhakuti Vihar.
2. Sariputta arrived there with a company of five hundred brethren.
3. After saluting the Blessed One Sariputta told him that the last day of his life on earth had arrived. Will the Blessed Lord be pleased to permit him to give up his mortal coils?
4. The Blessed Lord asked Sariputta if he had selected any place for his parinibbana.
5. Sariputta told the Blessed One, " I was born in the village Nalaka in Magadha. The house in which I was born still stands. I have chosen my home for my parinibbana."
6. The Lord replied, " Dear Sariputta! Do what pleases you."
7. Sariputta fell on the feet of the Blessed Lord arid said, "I have practised the paramitas for one thousand Kalpas with only one wish, to have the honour of falling on your feet. I have achieved that end and there is no end to my happiness."
8. ' "We do not believe in rebirth. Therefore this is our last meeting. Let the Lord forgive me my faults. My last day has come."
9. " Sariputta! There is nothing to forgive," said the Lord.
10. When Sariputta rose to go, the Lord in his honour got up and stood up on the verandah of the Gauohakuti Vihar.
11. Then Sariputta said to the Blessed Lord, "I was happy when I saw you first. I am happy to see you now. I know this is the last darshan of you I am having. I shall not have your darshan again."
12. Joining together the palms of his hand he walked away without showing his back to the Blessed Lord.
13. Then the Blessed Lord said to the assembled brethren—"Follow your Elder Brother," and the assembly for the first time left the Blessed Lord and went after Sariputta.
14. Sariputta on reaching his village died in his home in the very room in which he was born.
15. He was cremated and his ashes were taken to the Blessed Lord.
16. On receiving the ashes the Blessed Lord said to the brethren-"He was the wisest, he had no acquisitive instinct, he was energetic and industrious, he hated sin, ye brethren see his ashes. He was as strong as the earth in his forgiveness, he never allowed anger to enter his mind, he was never controlled by any desire, he had conquered all his passions, he was full of sympathy, fellowship and love."
17. About that time Mahamogallan was then living in a solitary Vihar near Rajagraha. He was murdered by some assassins employed by the enemies of the Blessed Lord.
18. The sad news of his end was conveyed to the Blessed One. Sariputta and Mahamogallan were his two chief disciples. They were called Dharma-Senapati —Defenders of the Faith. The Blessed Lord depended upon them to continue the spread of his gospel.
19. The Blessed Lord was deeply affected by their death in his lifetime.
20. He did not like to stay in Shravasti and to relieve his mind he decided to move on.
1. Farewell to Vaishali.
2. Halt at Pava.
3. Arrival at Klishinara.
Farewell to Vaishali
1. Before he set on his last journey the Blessed Lord was staying at Rajagraha on the Vulture's Peak.
2. After staying there for some time he said: " Come Ananda, let us go to Ambalathika."
3. "So be it Lord ! " said Ananda in assent, and the Blessed One, with a large company of the brethren, proceeded to Ambalathika.
4. After staying at Ambalathika he moved on to Nalanda.
5. From Nalanda he went to Pataligama, the capital of Magadha.
6. From Pataligama he went to Kotigam and from Kotigam he went to Nadika.
7. At each of these places he stopped for a few days and delivered a religious discourse either to the brethren or the householders.
8. From Nadika he went to Vaishali.
9. Vaishali was the birth-place of Mahavira and consequently a stronghold of his faith.
10. But the Blessed Lord soon succeeded in converting the people of Vaishali to his own faith.
11. It is said that owing to drought, a famine ravaged the city of Vaishali to such an extent that people died in large numbers.
12. The people of Vaishali complained of it in a general assembly convoked by them.
13. The assembly after much discussion decided to invite the Blessed Lord to the city.
14. A Lichchavi by name Mahali, a friend of King Bimbisara and son of the chaplain of Vaishali, was sent to offer the invitation.
15. The Blessed Lord accepted the invitation and started with five hundred Bhikkhus. As soon as he entered the territory of the Vajjins there was a thunderstorm, rain fell in torrents and famine disappeared.
16. This is the origin of the welcome which the people of Vaishali gave to the Blessed Lord.
17. Having won their hearts it was natural that the people of Vaishali should give him a warm response.
18. Then came vasa. The Blessed Lord went to Beluna for his vasa and asked the brethren to make their vasa in Vaishali.
19. After finishing his vasa the Lord came to Vaishali with a mind to leave Vaishali and move on his journey.
20. So the Blessed Lord early one morning robed himself, and taking his bowl, entered Vaishali for alms; and when he had passed through Vaishali and eaten his meal he gazed at Vaishali with an elephant's look and addressed the venerable Ananda and said: "This will be the last time Ananda that the Tathagatha will behold Vaishali."
21. Thus saying he bade farewell to the people of Vaishali.
22. He gave to the Lichchavis, when they took leave of him at the old city on their northern frontier, his alms-bowl as a memento.
23. It was his last visit to Vaishali. He did not live to return to it again.
Halt at Pava
1. From Vaishali the Blessed Lord went to Bhandagam.
2. From Bhandagam he went to Hatthi-gam to Bhoga-Nagara.
3. And from Bhoga-Nagara he went to Pava.
4. At Pava the Blessed One stayed at the mango grove of one blacksmith by name Chunda.
5. Now Chunda heard that the Blessed One had come to Pava and was staying in his mango grove.
6. Chunda went to the mango grove and sat near the Blessed One, who gave him a religious discourse.
7. Gladdened by it Chunda addressed the Blessed One and said: " May the Blessed One do me the honour of taking his meal together with the brethren, at my house tomorrow."
8. And the Blessed One signified, by silence, his consent. Seeing that the Blessed One had consented, Chunda departed thence.
9. Next day Chunda made ready in his dwelling-place sweet rice and cakes and some preparation of Sukara-Madhava. And he announced the hour to the Blessed One, saying: " The hour, Lord, has come, and the meal is ready."
10. And the Blessed One robed himself and taking his bowl went with the brethren to the dwelling-place of Chunda and partook of the food prepared by him.
11. Again after the meal the Blessed One gave a discourse on religion to Chunda, then rose from his seat and departed thence.
12. The food offered by Chunda did not agree with the Blessed One. There fell upon him a dire sickness, the disease of dysentery, and sharp and shooting pain came upon him even unto death.
13. But the Blessed One, mindful and self-possessed, bore it without complaint.
14. Returning to the mango grove and after nature was relieved, the Blessed One told Ananda: " Come let us go to Kushinara" and the party moved from Pava.
Arrival at Kushinara
1. The Blessed Lord walked for part of the way. He soon felt the need for some rest.
2. On the way the Blessed One went aside from the path to the foot of a certain tree and said to Ananda: "Fold, I pray you, Ananda, the robe; and spread it out for me. I am weary, Ananda, and must rest awhile! "
3. " Even so, Lord!" said the venerable Ananda, in assent, to the Blessed One, and spread out the robe folded fourfold.
4. And the Blessed One seated himself on the seat prepared for him.
5. And when he was seated, the Blessed One addressed the venerable Ananda, and said: " Fetch me. I pray you, Ananda, some water. I am thirsty, Ananda, and would drink."
6. Ananda replied: " This river Kakuttha is not far off, is clear and pleasant, cool and transparent, easy to get down into and delightful. There the Blessed One may both drink the water and cool his limbs. The water of this stream is foul and turbid."
7. The Blessed One was too weak to walk down to the river. He preferred to have the water of the nearby stream.
8. Ananda brought the water and the Blessed One drank it.
9. After resting for a while the Blessed One with the company of the brethren went on to the river Kakuttha; and when he had come there, he went down into the water, and bathed, and drank. And coming out again on the other side he went on to the mango grove.
10. And when he came there he again asked his robe to be spread out, saying: " I am weary and would lie down." The robe was accordingly spread out and the Blessed One laid himself down on it.
11. After resting for a while the Blessed One got up and said to Ananda: " Let us go on to the Sala grove of the Mallas, the Upavana of Kushinara on the further side of the river Hiranyavatti."
12. On reaching the place in the company of Ananda, he again asked Ananda to spread his robe between the twin Sala trees. " I am weary and would lie down."
13. Ananda spread the robe and the Blessed One laid himself down on it.
1. The Appointment of a Successor.
2. The Last Convert.
3. Last Words.
4. Ananda in Grief.
5. The Lament of the Mallas and the Joy of a Bhikkhu.
6. The Last Rites.
7. Quarrel Over Ashes.
8. Loyalty to the Buddha.
The Appointment of a Successor
1. The Exalted One was at one time sojourning among the Sakyans in the mango grove of the Sakyan family named the archers.
2. Now at that time Nataputta the Nigantha had just died at Pava. And at his death the Niganthas became disunited and divided into two parties, in mutual strife and conflict, quarrelling and wounding each other with wordy weapons.
3. Now Chunda, the novice, having passed the rainy season at Pava, came to see the venerable Ananda and said: "Nataputta, sir, the Nigantha had just died at Pava. And he being dead the Niganthas have become disunited and divided and are quarrelling and wounding one another. This is because they are without a protector."
4. Then said the venerable Ananda, " Friend Chunda, this is a worthy subject to bring before the Exalted One. Let us go to him, and tell him about it."
5. " Very good, sir," replied Chunda.
6. So the venerable Ananda and Chunda, the novice, sought out the Exalted One and saluting him, told him about the Niganthas and pleaded the necessity of appointing a successor.
7. The Blessed Lord on hearing what Chunda had said, replied: " But consider Chunda, where a teacher hath arisen in the world, Arahat, supremely enlightened: where a doctrine hath been well set forth, well imparted, effectual for guidance, conducive to peace; but where his disciples have not become proficient in good Norm, nor has it been made a thing of saving grace to them, well proclaimed among men when their teacher passes away.
8. "Now for such a teacher to die, Chunda, is a great affliction for his disciples and a great danger to his Dhamma.
9. " But consider, Chunda, where a teacher has appeared in the world who is all-enlightened; where the Norm has been well set forth, well imparted, effectual for guidance, conducive to peace, and where the disciples have become proficient in the good Norm, and where the full scope of the higher life has become manifest to them when that teacher passes away.
10. " Now for such a teacher, Chunda, to die is not an affliction for his disciples. Why then have a successor ? "
11. When Ananda raised the same question on another occasion the Blessed Lord said: "What think you Ananda? Do you observe even a couple of almsmen at variance about what I have taught ? "
12. " No. But those who are about the Lord might after his death, stir up quarrel in the con-fraternity respecting the regimen or of the code and such quarrels would make for general grief. "
13. "Of little concern, Ananda, are quarrels respecting rigours of regimen or of the code ; it is possible quarrels in the confraternity about the path which really matter," said the Blessed Lord.
14. " These disputes about the path cannot be settled by a dictator. What then a successor can do unless he acts as a dictator.
15. " The controversies regarding the path cannot be settled by a dictator.
16. "The decision of a controversy should be reached by the fraternity. The whole conjoint body should assemble and thrash out the matter till there is agreement and then to settle it conformably with such agreement.
17. " Majority agreements is the way to settle the disputes and not the appointment of a successor."
The Last Convert
1. Now at that time Subhadda the Wanderer was staying at Kusinara. And Subhadda the Wanderer heard the rumour, " This very day, it is said, in the last watch of the night will be the final passing away of Gotama the recluse." Then this thought came to Subhadda the Wanderer.
2. "Thus have I heard it said by other wanderers who are old and far gone in years, both teachers and disciples; ' Rarely, rarely do Tathagatas arise in the world, they, who are Arahats, fully Enlightened Ones, And here tonight, in the last watch, will be the final passing away of Gotama, the recluse. Now a doubt VII has arisen in my mind and I am assured of Gotama, the recluse. Gotama, the recluse, can show me a teaching, so that I may dispel this doubting state of mine."
3. Then Subhadda the Wanderer went towards the branch road to the Sala grove of the Mallas, where the venerable Ananda was, and coming there he told the venerable Ananda what he had thought and he exclaimed: " 0 Master Ananda ! If only I could get a sight of Gotama the recluse ! "
4. At these words the venerable Ananda said to Subhadda the Wanderer: " Enough, friend Subhadda! Trouble not the Master! The Exalted One is wearied."
5. Then a second and yet a third time did Subhadda the Wanderer make the same request, and got the same reply.
6. Now the Exalted One overheard this talk between the venerable Ananda and Subhadda the Wanderer. And He called to the venerable Ananda, saying, " Enough, Ananda! prevent not Subhadda. Let Subhadda be permitted to see the Tathagata. Whatsoever Subhadda shall ask of me, he will ask it all from a desire to know, not from a desire to trouble me. And whatever I shall say in answer, that will be quickly understood."
7. So then the venerable Ananda said to Subhadda the Wanderer, " Go you in, friend Subhadda. The Exalted One gives you leave."
8. So Subhadda the Wanderer went in to the Exalted One, and coming to Him greeted Him pleasantly, and after the exchange of friendly compliments he sat down at one side. So seated, Subhadda the Wanderer thus addressed the Exalted One:
9. " Master Gotama, all those recluses and Brahmins who have followings and companies of listeners, who are teachers of companies, well known, renowned founders of sects, esteemed as holy men by the multitude, men like Purana Kassapa, Makkhali of the Cow-pen, Ajita of hairshirt, Kacchayana of the Pakudha tree, Sanjaya, son of Belatthi, and Nigantha of the Natha clan,—have all these, as they say, realised by their own knowledge the truth of things, or have they not one and all so realised, or have some realised and others not realised it, by their own knowledge ? "
10. " Let be, Subhadda ! Trouble not yourself about such things, as to whether one and all or some have realised or not. I will show you the Norm, Subhadda. Do you listen carefully. Apply your mind. I will speak."
11. " Even so. Lord," said Subhadda the Wanderer and gave heed to the Exalted One. Then the Exalted One said this:
12. "ln whatsoever Norm-discipline, Subhadda, the Ariyan Eightfold Path is not found, therein also no recluse is found. And in whatsoever Norm-discipline, Subhadda, the Ariyan Eightfold Path is found, therein also is found a recluse.
13. "Now in this Norm-discipline (of mine), Subhadda, the Ariyan Eightfold Path is found. Herein also is found a recluse of these four degrees. Void of recluses are the other sects of disputants. But if, Subhadda, in this one, brethren were to live the perfect life, the world would not be void of arahats.
14. " My age was nine and twenty years when I went forth to seek the Good.
15. " Now fifty years and more are gone, Subhadda, since I left the world to range the Norm of Righteousness."
16. And when he had thus spoken, Subhadda the Wanderer said to the Exalted One: "Most excellent are these words of thy mouth, most excellent.
17. " Just as if a man were to set up that which is thrown down, or were to reveal that which is hidden away, or were to point out the right road to him who has gone astray or were to bring a lamp into darkness, so that those who have eyes can see. 18. " Just even so, has the truth been made known to me by the Exalted One. And I, even I betake myself to the Exalted One as my refuge, to the truth and to the Order."
19. "Whosoever, Subhadda, has formerly been a follower of another doctrine and thereafter wishes to VII enter the Order remains on probation for the space of four months."
20. " If that is the rule I too will remain on probation."
21. But the Exalted One said, "I acknowledge the difference in persons." So saying he called the venerable Ananda and told Ananda, " As it is, Ananda, receive Subhadda into the Order."
22. " Even so. Lord! " said the venerable Ananda, in assent to the Exalted One.
23. And Subhadda the Wanderer said to the venerable Ananda: " Great is your gain, friend Ananda, great is your good fortune, friend Ananda, in that you all have been sprinkled with the sprinkling of discipleship in this brotherhood at the hands of the Master himself."
24. " The same is true of you, Subhadda," replied Ananda.
25. So Subhadda the Wanderer was received into the Order under the orders of the Exalted One. He was the last disciple whom the Exalted One himself converted.
Last Words
1. Then said the Exalted One to the venerable Ananda:
2. " It may be, Ananda, that you will say: ' Gone is the word of the Master: we have no longer any Master now!' But you must not so regard it, Ananda; for the Norm and discipline taught and enjoyed by me, they shall be your teachers when I am gone.
3. "Now, Ananda, whereas the brethren have the habit of calling one another ' friend,'—when I am gone this habit must not be followed. By an elder brother, Ananda, a brother who is a novice should be called by his name or clan name or by the word ' friend ' : but by a novice, Ananda, an elder brother should be addressed as ' Lord ' or ' Your reverence.'
4. " Again, Ananda, if the Order so desires, when I am gone, let it abolish the lesser and minor charges.
5. " You know, Ananda, the brother Channa. How obstinate, perverse and devoid of the sense of discipline he is.
6. " And to him, Ananda, let the extreme penalty be applied when I am gone."
7. " What, Lord, do you mean by ' the extreme penalty ' ? "
8. " The brother Channa, Ananda, whatever he may say, is not to be spoken to, not to be admonished, not to be instructed by the brethren. He should be left alone. It might improve him."
9. Then the Exalted One addressed the brethren :
10. " It may be, brothers, that in the mind of some one brother there is doubt or perplexity, either about the Buddha, or about the Norm, or the Order, or the Path, or the Way to the Path. If it be so, brothers, do ye ask now. Be not hereafter remorseful at the thought, ' Here was our Master face to face with us, and yet we had not the heart to question the Exalted One, though we were in His very presence.' "
11. At these words the brethren were silent.
12. Then a second time and yet a third time did the Exalted One address the brethren in the same words. And a third time the brethren were silent.
13. Then said the Exalted One: "May be, brethren, it is out of respect for the Master that ye ask not. Speak to me, then, as friend to friend, brethren."
14. Whereat those brethren were silent.
15. Then exclaimed the venerable Ananda to the Exalted One: " Strange it is, Lord ! A marvel it is, Lord! Thus assured am I, Lord, of this Order of Brethren. There is not any one brother that has a single doubt or perplexity as to the Buddha, the Norm, the Order, or as to the Path, or the Way to the Path."
16. " You speak out of assurance, Ananda. But in the Tathagata there is knowledge of the fact. There is not in any one brother a single doubt or perplexity as to this. Of these five hundred brethren of mine, Ananda, even he who is the most backward is a stream-winner, one who is assured from the Downfall, assured of reaching the Supreme Wisdom."
17. Then said the Exalted One to the brethren :
18. " Come now, brethren, I do remind ye, ' Subject to decay are all compounded things' Do ye abide in heedfulness." 19. Those were the last words of the Exalted One.
Ananda in Grief
1. As age advanced the Blessed Lord required a personal attendant to look after him.
2. He first chose Nanda. After Nanda he chose Ananda who served as his personal attendant till his death.
3. Ananda was his constant and dearest companion, not merely an attendant.
4. When the Blessed One came to Kushinara and rested between the Sal trees, he saw that his end was coming near, and felt that it was time he took Ananda into confidence.
5. So he called Ananda and said: " And now this Ananda, at the third watch of the night, in the Uppavana of Kushinara. between the twin Sal trees, the utter passing away of the Tathagata will take place."
6. And when he had thus spoken the venerable Ananda addressed the Blessed One, and said: "Vouchsafe, Lord, to remain during the Kalpa, 0 Blessed One!, for the good and the happiness of the great multitudes, out of pity for the world, for the good and the gain and the weal of gods and men."
7. Three times did Ananda make his plea. " Enough now, Ananda, beseech not the Tathagata ! " was the reply. " The time for making such request is past."
8. " I, Ananda, am now grown old, and full of years, my journey is drawing to a close. I have reached my sum of days. I am turning eighty years of age; and just as a worn-out cart must give way some day, methinks, the same must happen to the body of the Tathagata." Hearing this, Ananda left.
9. Not seeing Ananda, the Blessed One called the brethren, and said: "Where then is Ananda?" " The venerable Ananda is gone and is weeping," said the brethren.
10. And the Blessed One called a certain brother and said: " Go now brother, and call Ananda in my name and say, ' Brother Ananda, the Master calls for thee ' "
11. "Even so, Lord!" said that brother.
12. When Ananda came back he took his seat by the side of the Blessed One.
13. Then the Blessed One said to Ananda: " Enough, Ananda! Do not weep! Have I not already, on former occasions, told you that it is in the very nature of things most near and dear unto us that we must divide ourselves from them, leave them, sever ourselves from them?
14. " For a long time, Ananda, you have been very near to me by acts of love, kind and good, beyond all measure.
15. "You have done well, Ananda! Beearnest in effort and you too shall be free from the great evils—from sensuality, from individuality, from delusion, and from ignorance."
16. Then addressing the brethren about Ananda the Blessed One said: " He is a wise man, brethren, is Ananda.
17. "He knows when it is the right time to come and visit the Tathagata, and when it is the right time for brethren and sisters of the Order, for devout men and devout women, for a king, or for a king's ministers, for other teachers and disciples, to visit the Tathagata.
18. "Brethren, there are these four special things about Ananda.
19. " All are happy to visit Ananda. They are filled with joy on beholding him; they are happy to hear him. They are ill at ease when Ananda is silent."
20. After this Ananda again returned to the subject of the passing away of the Tathagata. Addressing the Blessed One, he said: "Let not the Blessed One die in this wattled and daub town in the midst of the jungle. For Lord there are great cities, such as Champa, Rajagraha, Savathi, Saketa, Kosambi and Benares. Let the Blessed One die in one of them. "
21. " Say not so, Ananda! Say not so, Ananda. This Kushinara, Ananda, was the capital of king Maha-Sudassana under the name of Keshavati."
22. Thereafter the Blessed One gave Ananda two errands.
23. He told Ananda to see that belief does not spread that the Blessed One died as a result of the food given to Him by Chunda. He feared that Chunda might suffer. He asked Ananda to disabuse the mind of the public on this score.
24. The second thing he told Ananda was to inform the Mallas of Kushinara that the Blessed One had arrived there and would pass away in the last watch of the night.
25. " Give no occasion to reproach yourself. The Mallas may say : ' In our own village the death of our Tathagata took place and we did not know and had no opportunity of seeing him in his last hours.'"
26. Thereafter the venerable Anurudha and the venerable Ananda spent the rest of the night in religious discourse.
27. And in the third part of the night, as previously announced, the Blessed One breathed his last.
28. When the Blessed One died, the brethren and Ananda stretched out their arms and wept, and some even fell headlong on the ground, rolling to and fro in anguish, saying: " Too soon has the Blessed One died! Too soon has the Happy One passed away from existence! Too soon has the Light gone out of the world ! " 29. It was at midnight on Vaishakha Paurnima that the Blessed Lord breathed his last. The year of his death was 483 b.c. 30. As the Pali text truly says: Diva tapati addicco Ratin abhati candima; Sannaddho khathio tapati Jhayi tapati brahamano; Atha Sabbain ahorattain Buddho tapati tejasa.
31. "The sun shines only in the day and the moon makes bright the night. The warrior shines when he is in his armour. And the Brahmin when he is meditating. But the Buddha shines over all by day as well as by night by his own glory.
32. "He was beyond question the light of the world."
The Lament of the Mallas and the Joy of a Bhikkhu
1. As desired by the Blessed One, Ananda went and informed the Mallas of the event.
2. And when they heard of this the Mallas, their wives, their young men and maidens were grieved and sad and afflicted at heart.
3. Some of them wept, dishevelling their hair, and stretched forth their arms and fell prostrate on the ground.
4. Then the Mallas, with their young men and maidens and their wives, went to the Sala grove in the Upavaana to have the last look of the Blessed One.
5. Then the venerable Ananda thought: "lf I allow the Mallas of Kushinara one by one it will take a long time for them to pay homage to the dead body of the Blessed One."
6. So he decided to arrange them in groups, family by family. Each family then bowed humbly at the feet of the Blessed One and parted.
7. Now at the time the venerable Maha Kassapa was journeying along the high road from Pava to Kushinara with a great company of the brethren.
8. Just at the time a certain naked ascetic was coming along the high road to Pava.
9. And the venerable Maha Kassapa saw the naked ascetic coming in the distance; and when he had seen him he said to the naked ascetic: " 0 friend! Surely VII thou knowest our Master?"
10. "Yes, friend ! I know him." "This day the Samana Gotama has been dead a week!"
11. Immediately on hearing the news the brethren were overcome with grief and started weeping.
12. Now at that time a brother named Sub-hadda, who had been received into the Sangh in his old age, was seated in their company.
13. And this Subhadda addressed the brethren and said: "Enough brethren! Weep not, neither lament! We are well rid of the great Samana. We used to be annoyed by being told, * This beseems you, this beseems you not.' But' now we shall be able to do whatever we like: and what we do not like, that we shall not have to do ! Isn't it good he is dead? Why weep, why lament ? It is a matter of joy."
14. So great and harsh a disciplinarian the Blessed One was.
The Last Rites
1. Then the Mallas of Kushinara said to the venerable Ananda: "What should be done with the remains of the Tathagata?"
2. " As men treat the remains of a king of kings, so should you treat the remains of the Tathagata" replied Ananda.
3. "And how do they treat the remains of a king of kings?"
4. Ananda told them: " They wrap the body of a king of kings in a new cloth. When that is done they wrap it in cotton-wool. When that is done they wrap it in a new cloth and so on till they have wrapped the body in five hundred successive layers of both kinds. Then they place the body in an oil vessel of iron and cover that close up with another oil vessel of iron.
They then build a funeral pile of all kinds. This is the way in which they treat the remains of a king of kings."
5. "So be it," said the Mallas.
6. Then the Mallas of Kushinara said : " It is VII much too late to burn the body of the Blessed One today. Let us now perform the cremation tomorrow."
7. And the Mallas of Kushinara gave orders to their attendants, saying: "Make preparations for the funeral of the Tathagata and gather perfumes and garlands and the musicians of Kushinara."
8. But in paying honour, reverence, respect, and homage to the remains of the Tathagata with dancing, and hymns and music and with garlands and perfumes; and in making canopies of their garments, and preparing decoration wreath to hand thereon, they passed the second day too, and then the third day, and the fourth and fifth and the sixth day also.
9. Then on the seventh day the Mallas of Kushinara thought: "Let us carry the body of the Blessed One and let us perform the cremation ceremony."
10. And thereupon eight chieftains among the Mallas bathed their heads, and dad themselves in new garments with the intention of acting as pall-bearers carrying the body of the Blessed One.
11. They carried the dead body to the Shrine of the Mallas, called Makuta-bandhana; to the east of the city and there they laid down the body of the Blessed One and set fire to it.
12. After some time the mortal remains of the Blessed One were reduced to ashes.
Quarrel Over Ashes
1. After the body of the Blessed One had been consumed by fire, the Mallas of Kushinara collected the ashes and the bones of the Blessed One and placed them in their Council Hall with a lattice work of spears and with a rampart of bows; and guarded them against anybody stealing them or any part of them.
2. For seven days the Mallas paid honour and reverence and respect and homage to them with dance and song and music and with garlands and perfumes.
3. Now the King of Magadha, Ajatasatru, heard the news that the Blessed One had died at Kushinara.
4. He, therefore, sent a messenger to the Mallas with a request for a portion of the relics of the Blessed One.
5. Similarly messengers came from the Licchavis of Vaishali, from the Sakyas of Kapilavastu, from the Bulis of Attakappa, from the Koliyas of Ramagama and from the Mallas of Pava.
6. Among the claimants for ashes there was also a Brahmin of Vethadipa.
7. When they heard these claims, the Mallas of Kushinara said: " The Blessed One died in our village. We will not give away any part of the remains of the Blessed One. They belong to us."
8. Seeing that the situation was tense a Brahmin by name Drona intervened and said: "Hear, reverend sirs, one single word from me."
9. Said Drona: "Forbearance was our Buddha to teach; unseemly is it that over the division of the remains of him who was the best of beings, strife should arise, and wounds and war !
10. " Let us all, sirs, with one accord unite in friendly harmony to make eight portions. Widespread let stupas arise in every land that the Enlightened One from all parts be reverenced."
11. The Mallas of Kushinara agreed and said: "Do thou then, 0 Brahmin, thyself, divide the remains equally into eight parts, with fair division."
12. " Be it so, sir!" said' Drona in assent.
13. And he divided the remains of the Blessed One equally into eight parts.
14. After making the division Drona said to them: " Give me, sirs, this vessel. I will set up over it a stupa."
15. And they agreed to give the vessel to him.
16. Thus the ashes of the Blessed One were shared and the quarrel was settled peacefully and amicably.
Loyalty to the Buddha
1. Shravasti was the occasion (of these events)....
2. Now on that occasion a number of monks were VII busied with .making a robe for the Exalted One, with this idea : When the robe is finished, in three months' time, the Exalted One will go forth on his rounds:
3. Now at that time Isidatta and Purana, the chamberlains, were staying at Sadhuka on some business or other. Then they heard the news: "They say that a number of monks are busied with making a robe for the Exalted One with this idea: When the robe is finished, in three months' time, the Exalted One will go forth upon his rounds."
4. So Isidatta and Purana, the chamberlains, sta-tioned a man on the high-road (thus instructing him) : " Now, good fellow, as soon as you see that Exalted One, that Arahat, that perfectly Enlightened One coming along, do you come and inform us."
5. So after standing there two or three days that man saw the Exalted One coming along, while yet some distance off, and he went to inform the chamberlains, Isidatta and Purana, saying: " Here comes my lord, the Exalted One, that Arahat, that perfectly Enlightened One ! Now's the time for you to do what you want!"
6. So Isidatta and Purana, the chamberlains, went towards the Exalted One, and on coming to him, saluted him, and followed behind the Exalted One step for step.
7. Then the Exalted One turned aside from the high road and went to the foot of a certain tree and there sat down on a seat made ready. And Isidatta and Purana, the chamberlains, saluting the Exalted One, also sat down at one side. As they thus sat, they said this to the Exalted One:
8. "Lord, when we heard of the Exalted One that he would go forth on his rounds among the Ko-salans, at that time we were disappointed and depressed at the thought : the Exalted One will be far from us.
9." And when. Lord, we learned that the Exalted One was starting out from Shravasti on his rounds among the Kosalans, again we were disappointed and depressed at the thought: The Exalted One will be far from us.
10. " Again, lord, when we learned that the Exalted One would leave the Kosalans and go on his rounds among the Mallas . . . that he was actually doing so . . . we were disappointed and depressed.
11. "On hearing that the Exalted One would leave the Mallas and go on his rounds among the Vajji . . . that he was actually doing so . . . that he would leave the Vajji for Kasi . . . that he was doing so . . . that he would leave the folk of Kasi and go on his rounds in Magadha . . . that he was actually doing so . . . again we were disappointed and depressed . . ..
12. "But, Lord, when we heard that the Exalted One would leave the Magadhas for Kasi and was doing so, then we were delighted and elated at the thought: The Exalted One will be quite near us.
13. "And when we heard that he was actually going his rounds in Kasi among the Magadhas, we were likewise delighted and elated.
14. (They continue to trace the Master's steps from Kasi to the Vajji . . . from the Vajji to the Mallas . . . from the Mallas to the Kosalans in like terms.)
15. " But, Lord, when we heard that the Exalted One would be going on his rounds from the Kosalans to Savatthi, we were delighted and elated at the thought: Now the Exalted One will be quite near us !
16. " Then, when we heard: 'The Exalted One is staying at Shravasti, at Jeta grove, in Anathapindika's . Park.' Then, Lord, boundless was our delight and boundless our elation at the thought : The Exalted One is near us ! "
<Part-6 , Part-8>
Editors Note- The source of the text for this electronic version was: Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches, Vol. 11 (Bombay: Education Department, Government of Maharashtra, 1992). Our site also makes available, from the same series, Vol. 11 Supplement: Pali and Other Sources of The Buddha & His Dhamma with an Index, by Vasant Moon. The original publication was by Siddharth College Publications, Bombay, in 1957.
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Balances and Glassware for Solution Preparation
A Sample Solution
For a substance to go into and remain in solution, it must be more energetically favorable for the substance to remain mixed with water than to separate out. Solutions are stable. Gravity will take particles out of suspension, but gravity will not take a solute out of solution.
For example, sodium chloride dissociates into ions when added to water, forming a stable solution. Why?
A sodium atom readily gives up an electron to become positively charged. Because they are positively charged, sodium ions are attracted to the partial negative charge on the oxygen atoms of water molecules. Similarly, a chlorine atom gains an electron to become a negatively charged chloride ion. Chloride ions are attracted to the partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms of water molecules. In either case, the result is a stable structure, called a hydration shell, that surrounds the ion. It isn't energetically favorable for the ion to separate from the surrounding solvent molecules.
Even in biology, not all solutions require water to be used as a solvent. For example, some solutes must be dissolved in ethanol or another organic solvent. Non-polar solutes will not dissolve in water at all. The molecular properties of solute and solvent, and how they interact, determine what combinations are most appropriate. When a potential solute is readily dissolved in a given solvent, we refer to the solute and solvent as being compatible. Sodium chloride is compatible with water. Oil is not. Which is another way of saying, "oil and water don't mix."
Your slide tray is being processed.


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But that was before the arrival to these shores of Montalbano. If you haven't seen this deliciously tongue-in-cheek detective serial set in the splendours of Sicily, then I tell ya - you have been seriously missing out. While our own Inspector Morse was sombre, serious and even at times a little bit stuffy, its Italian counterpart is as juicy n' as fruity as a slice of panetonne.
Montalbano - played with superb comic understatement by Luca Zingaretti - is the sun around which the series gravitates. Irresistible to women with his hard-bolied egg of a head, cooler than cool shades and sharp Armani suits, our Monty struts his stuff through the streets of Vigata, breaking not only the hearts of damsels in distress (or should that be damsels undressed?) but also breaking the hearts of the island's criminal fraternity. As Italian stallions go, they don't get anymore genuine than Salvo Montalbano.
And if it's rustic Italian you want, then look no further. For every episode never fails to take in the breathtaking Sicilian countryside together with its stunnnig architecture. Monty himself has a rather swanky pied-a-terre right on the doorstep of a beach from heaven. From here, our amorous hero wines and dines a series of stunners, before rising early to dip his withered wick in the bracing sea water. This guy swims like a fish, eats like a horse and goes like a train. Mamma Mia!
Inevitably there will follow a telephone call - always garbled - from Caterella at HQ, preceded by the immortal words: "Commisario! Commisario!" Constable Catarella (Angelo Russo) is the Italian answer to Mrs Malaprop, a man constantly holding the wrong end of the stick, whose sole purpose in life it appears is to bring his superior to the point of heart attack. In a series full of mysteries, the most enduring one must surely be the mystery as to why Catarella hasn't been given the boot long since!
In this week's episode the hysterical constable excelled himself, informing his superior that a Signore Scoreggia was seeking the Inspector. Pause. A quizzical frown from Salvo: "Who? Mr Big Fart? Are you sure Catarella?" asked the long suffering Monty, long since resigned to the rambliings of his dyslexic underling. Cue paroxysms of anxiety from Catarella. Cue gesticualtions from Monty, hysterics from Catarella and so on and so forth. Good job old Catarella isn't an electrician - not with the amount of times his wires get crossed. Comedy gold.
Actually, it's a wonder any crimes ever get solved in Sicily with this bunch. Salvo (Monty's christian name) spends most of his time eating sumptuous seafood banquets at his favourite restaurant while fending off the advances of yet another ridiculously young widow. That's the rule on Montalbano: The women are young, sexy and available and a great proportion of them are also widows - libidinous widows at that. But the bow-legged one is not a man of easy virtue. 'Complicated' would be the best way to describe his love life.
Sometimes, when a grieving widow displays her charms - literally - Monty turns the lady down, flat, scurrying off in his little Fiat for some well earned chillax time on his nifty balcony.
Ocassionally, the more determined ladies track him down to this batchelor lair, intent of having their wicked way with our hero. It's all moonlight, crashing waves and satin sheets. Montalbano might be a sexy beast, but part of the charm lies in the fact that he seems blissfully oblivious to the fact. Face it Monty: You're a babe magnet, my son.
In Inspector Montalbano, BBC4 have unearthed a real gem. It's a curious mix: part comedy, part gritty crime drama, unlike anything one sees on British television. I mean where else could you find severed heads, calamitous constables, merry widows and Italian stallions?
Viva Montalbano.


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Guided Riverside Walk
Date: Repeats every 21 days until Sun Jul 24 2016 . Sunday, 24 July 2016 – 11:30am – 1:00pm Introducing our Summer Programme of Guided Walks around the beautiful City of Ely. All walks depart from Oliver Cromwell's House at 11.30 am. Places may be pre-booked or booked on arrival (subject to availability). Guided Riverside Walk: Sunday 24th July and 14th August This expanded tour takes in the city centre as well as the picturesque waterside. Learn about the drainage of the Fens, the life of the Fen Folk and how the river has served visitors and residents across the ages. Cost: All Tickets £4 Contact: Oliver Cromwell's House Telephone: 01353 662062 Email: email@example.com Website: Visit Ely Location Oliver Cromwell's House St Mary's Street Ely CB7 4HF United Kingdom See map: Google Maps
Here is the original:
Guided Riverside Walk


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The Japan Syndrome
Bit-Tuner's «The Japan Syndrome» is available at the Hula Honeys Bandcamp page.
Recorded at Zurich's Helsinki Klub, it's a fragmentary snap shot, a rampant audio(visual) trip through Japan's largest cities, that Bit-Tuner visited in spring 2013. The swiss producer captures these cities via field recordings to then transform the found sound into his characteristic dark beats and minimalistic sounds.
The latent humming of Osaka, rumbling old train cars, threatening sounds of police helicopters and ravens on their low flying rounds over the parks of Tokyo. These are the sounds Bit-Tuner elaborately stacks to a slowly and heavyly resonating sound counstruct. Doing this, he picks up a chapter of the emergence of electronic music and simultaneously demonstrates how organic the body of his music is, despite its absolute digital composition.
«The Japan Syndrome» pulls the listener through the gloomy alcoves of a country that seems to be well known to us. Still, Bit-Tuner creates the sinister feeling that arises when one stands at the deep cliffs between cultures.
In June 2013, Bit-Tuner recorded «The Japan Syndrome» live at Zurich's Helsinki Klub, where he works on new material regularly within his residency. Accordingly, this album is influenced by a singular Swiss musical institution. The album's live synthesizers and minimal beats give it an athmospheric denseness, that works just as well in a club at 3am, as also on the following early evening in the shaded bedroom.
The album «The Japan Syndrome» was mastered by Marcel Gschwend and will be released on October 23rd, 2013, as digital download via hulahoneys.net, and the label's Bandcamp, Beatport, iTunes, etc. channels.
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Online Stores
- Released on Hula Bytes
- hub02, Oct. 23, 2013
- Support:
- Bit-Tuner - Producer


text:
Radius HP-NHR31 High-MFD System -VOLT- In-ear Headphones
Full-tuned High-MFD driver, the newest design body, while retaining the feature of heavy bass, the highest ranking model reproducing the spread of the sound field and high resolution. "HP-NHR 31", which is the top model, performed full tuning of the driver based on a well-established driver structure to further enhance the reproducibility of diversified various high resolution sound sources. A broader bass and an expansive treble, as if the artist is playing in front of you, you will receive a realistic listening experience. The earphone section adopts a structure that confines the magnetic flux leaking from the voice coil of the dynamic driver by the repulsive magnetic force of the magnet and improves "sensitivity" and "sound quality" by increasing the magnetic flux density. The average sensitivity improves about 4 dB (compared to our company), in terms of sound quality it is excellent in transient (transient) characteristics, realizing a clear and crisp sound quality without losing detail detail from high to low frequencies.
Convenient portable pouch and cable clip included. You can use it for a long time to prevent breakdown and breakage of the product.
The head part and cable can be detached with the MMCX terminal. In the unlikely event, even if there is a disconnection of the cable which is one of the weaknesses of the earphone, it can be patronized long by re-cable (exchange cable).
A full tuning driver unit that realizes the spreading of realistic sound by increasing the resolution in the whole band.
Optimized diaphragm operation by bus port structure which enhances reproducibility of bass range. It transmits the solid deep bass with the core directly.
Unlike the conventional type, the deep mount earpiece has a shape that fits behind the ear, thus realizing a stable fitting feeling and rich music playback.
You can adjust the mounting position of the earpiece in two stages and adjust the sound. In addition, it is less stress to the ears by fitting firmly to your ear, and it is also ideal for long-term use such as commuting or school attendance.
|Dynamic type
|Φ 13.0 mm
|Output sound pressure level
|103 ± 3 dB (@ 1 KHz / 100 mV input)
|Playback frequency band
|5 Hz to 40000 Hz
|Maximum input
|10 mW
|Φ3.5 mm gold-plated stereo mini plug
|Cable length
|About 120 cm (Y type) type, nylon material
|Approximately 17 g (including cable)


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Print all sub sequences of a given String
Objective: Given a String write an algorithm to print all the possible sub subsequences.
String input = "abc"; Output: Possible sub sequences – {Empty}, {a}, {b}, {c}, {ab} ,{a,c}, {b, c}, {a, b, c}
- The approach will be similar to as discussed here Generate All Strings of n bits.
- If we consider n= 3(same as the string length) then all possible combinations are [0, 0, 0] [1, 0, 0] [0, 1, 0] [1, 1, 0] [0, 0, 1] [1, 0, 1] [0, 1, 1] [1, 1, 1].
- So from the above combinations, wherever the bit is set to 1, place an string character from index (same as position) at the position and wherever the bit is set to 0, ignore the string character at the index.
- The above step will give the desired result.
- See the code below for better understanding.
Time Complexity: O(2^n)
Complete Code:
a b c a b a c a b c b c {Empty Set}
Top Companies Interview Questions..-
If you find anything incorrect or you feel that there is any better approach to solve the above problem, please write comment.


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Relationships and dialogue
Relationships and dialogue is about creating long-term and mutually beneficial partnerships which are built on trust and openness.
Stakeholder dialogue
Stakeholder dialogue
PFA represents an essential part of the Danish pension system and is one of the largest investors in Denmark. PFA is committed to being an active participant in Danish society, and we are in dialogue with customers, organisations, NGOs and other stakeholders to create the best possible conditions for pension savings in Denmark in general. At the same time, PFA is involved as an active participant in finding solutions to shared challenges in society.
An open dialogue is an important part of our efforts, and we contribute through the development of market surveys, analyses, comments and contributions to debates in order to illuminate conditions for savings, insurance, preventive measures and health. PFA's dialogue with stakeholders focuses on a long-term and mutual collaboration based on trust and openness.
PFA has taken a number of specific steps to create dialogue:
- Considerable communication efforts have been initiated to promote the understanding and importance of pensions and health plans and to focus on the value of preventive measures
- We use experience and lessons from dialogue with customers and complaints to the Customer Representative and Complaints Department respectively
- We create targeted events and debates regarding current topics for members of the Customer Board and we use the experience to improve PFA's services
- Several times a year, customer satisfaction is measured in order to improve the customer experience
- We aim to create value for customers in our day-to-day interaction with more than 1,000 customers
- Annual employee satisfaction survey with subsequent compulsory improvement process
- Development plan for all managers and the majority of employees
- Employee meetings and feedback to management regarding PFA's strategy and results
- Employee representatives on relevant internal committees and on the Board of Directors
Employee and employer organisations
- Member of Insurance & Pension Denmark (IPD). We participate actively in board assignments and relevant working groups
- Member of Finance Denmark and participates in relevant working groups etc.
Collaborations and partnerships
- Member of Dansif. We are active in working groups, and work to disseminate the principles of responsible investments
- Member of the SRI task force under Insurance & Pension Denmark (IPD)
- Member of the CSR network under the Danish Chamber of Commerce
- Member of BlackRock Retirement Institute Advisory Council
- Initiator of the Think Tank – The New 3rd Age
- Member of Nordic Engagement Cooperation
- Participates in the project 'Consider Copenhagen'
- Member of 'Velkommen Hjem'
- Member of the international network CDP (Carbon Disclosure Project)
- Member of the international network IIGCC (Institutional Investor Group on Climate Change)
- Member of PRI (Principles of responsible Investment)
- Member of the UN Global Compact
Media and professional journals
- We give high priority to calls from the media and we are the most talked-about player in the pension sector
- We submit contributions to debates in order to participate positively to the understanding of pension and related topics
- We aim to reply to inquiries and questionnaires from organisations and academia
- We regularly carry out population surveys on pension and health-related topics
NGOs and popular organisations
- We meet with NGOs to gather knowledge and create an accumulated and detailed summary of society's dilemmas
- We engage in enquiries and dialogue to expand knowledge on specific areas of value to PFA
PFA shares knowledge and cooperates with authorities and the political system regarding, among other things:
- Experiences with active handling of claims, preventive measures etc.
- Political frameworks for pension savings, ethical investments and other topics within PFA's areas of interest
- Development of Public Private Partnership (PPP), Eksportkreditfonden, Dansk Vækstkapital as well as other investments that are of public utility
Customer trust and complaint management
Customer trust and complaint management
PFA's customers must have adequate opportunities to complain if they are dissatisfied with PFA's decisions or with the advice or service offered by PFA. With daily contact with more than 1,000 customers, there are situations where customers are dissatisfied. Such cases represent a source of learning.
PFA has a central Complaints Department and a Customer Representative. The Complaints & Customer Satisfaction Department is anchored in PFA's legal entity. The purpose of the Customer Representative is to experience the course of events from the customer's perspective and evaluate whether the development of the case is meaningful.
Social engagement
Social engagement
PFA is actively engaged in society and contributes to improvements of social conditions both in Denmark and globally. Therefore, PFA participates in a range of activities, cooperates with numerous organisations and has set up the foundation PFA Brug Livet Fonden.
PFA believes that support is most effective when done in collaboration with partners who focus on individual key issues.
PFA primarily offers support through partnerships with associations that are connected to PFA's core business. For instance within the fields of preventive measures, health-promoting initiatives and disease-fighting efforts.
In connection with other support activities, there must be a connection between PFA's business and the recipient of the support. Finally, we support initiatives whose objective is to inform about topics which are closely connected to life and pension.
Support can be provided in the form of:
- Financial contributions
- Employees carrying out voluntary work during working hours
PFA places demands on how the support is used
When PFA provides support for an organisation's work, it is important that the resources are handled with care. For this reason, we require of all support recipients that they explain in writing the association's objectives and management and how the support will be used. In addition, we also attach importance to the fact that our support is used for projects which are not dependent on PFA's contribution alone and generally work towards sustainable developments.
Questions about Corporate Responsibility?
Questions about Corporate Responsibility?
Contact our Vice President, Communications & External Relations, Mikkel Friis-Thomsen at firstname.lastname@example.com.