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Previous studies have suggested that elevated serum vitamin D levels might protect against thyroid cancer. Elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone levels and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) are suggested to be thyroid cancer promoting factors but have not been well controlled in previous studies. We designed the present study to evaluate whether serum vitamin D levels are associated with thyroid cancer in euthyroid patients with no clinical evidence of AITD.
This cross-sectional study included subjects who underwent routine health check-ups, including serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), and thyroid ultrasonography (US). Inclusion criteria were euthyroid, negative TPO-Ab, and no evidence of AITD by US findings. Thyroid cancer diagnoses were based on fine needle aspiration cytology and/or postsurgical histopathological findings.
We enrolled 5,186 subjects (64% male, 37% female) in this study, including 53 patients (1%) with a diagnosis of thyroid cancer (33 males, 20 females). Mean 25(OH)D3 levels were similar between the thyroid cancer and control groups (p = 0.20). Subgroup analysis according to sex or seasonal variation also revealed no differences in 25(OH)D3 levels between the two groups. Based on the levels of 25(OH)D3, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of thyroid cancer; the prevalence was 0.71%, 0.94%, 1.40%, and 0.82% in the deficient, insufficient, sufficient, and excess groups, respectively (p = 0.64).
Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone that affects both classical and nonclassical tissues, principally through the vitamin D receptor [1,2]. In addition to its role in calcium homeostasis, it has been associated with risk for several types of cancer, including colon, breast, and prostate cancer. It has received considerable recent attention as it exerts effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and anti-angiogenesis [3-7]. Some experimental studies have suggested that vitamin D can protect against thyroid cancer [8-11]. However, clinical evidence for an association between lower serum vitamin D levels and an increased prevalence of thyroid cancer has been inconsistent [12-18].
The presence of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and higher levels of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) have been considered to be risk factors for malignancies in thyroid nodules [19-21]. Previous studies have reported that the risk of thyroid malignancy in patients with nodular thyroid disease was increased by elevated serum TSH levels, even those within normal ranges, and higher serum TSH levels have also been associated with a more advanced stage of thyroid cancer [22]. Additionally, the presence of pathologically confirmed Hashimoto's thyroiditis is associated with an increased risk of differentiated thyroid cancer, and has also been related to high TSH levels [23,24]. Therefore, the presence of AITD or elevated serum TSH levels may be serious confounding factors in evaluating the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and thyroid cancer. Previous studies did not control for these confounding factors, which might explain the inconsistent results obtained in these earlier reports.
This study aimed to evaluate the possible association between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels and thyroid cancer in a relatively large cohort using thyroid ultrasonography (US) screening. Importantly, we included subjects with normal thyroid function who showed no evidence of AITD according to serum anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and US findings.
We included subjects who underwent routine health check-ups at Asan Medical Center between 2008 and 2012. All subjects were interviewed and examined by physicians at the Health Promotion Center. Information about previous disease history, medication, and history of previous surgery was obtained from patients via self-administered questionnaires. Subjects were tested for TSH, free thyroxine (T4), serum 25(OH)D3, and TPO-Ab, and were simultaneously examined using thyroid US as previously reported [25].
Patients with positive TPO-Ab or US findings of heterogeneous parenchymal echogenicity that suggested AITD were excluded from this study. We also excluded subjects with abnormal thyroid, liver, or kidney function, a history of any thyroid disease or thyroid surgery, a family history of thyroid cancer, or any medication history that involved taking calcium or vitamin D supplements.
Seasons for the dates of health check-ups were categorized as spring (March to May), summer (June to August), fall (September to November), and winter (December to February) [26]. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
Laboratory measurements and US examinations
The serum 25(OH)D3 concentration was determined using the DIA source 25OH-Vit.D3-Ria-CT Kit (DIAsource ImmunoAssays S.A., Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium; Cobra II Auto-γ Counting System, Packard Instruments, Downers Grove, IL, USA). We defined 25(OH)D3 levels as vitamin D deficient (< 10 ng/mL, n = 280 [5.4%]), insufficient (10 to 30 ng/mL, n = 3,285 [63.3%]), sufficient (30 to 50 ng/mL, n = 1,257 [24.3%]), or excess (> 50 ng/mL, n = 364 [7%]) [25,27]. The serum TPO-Ab concentration was determined using a BRAHMS anti-TPOn Radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit (Thermo Scientific, Darmstadt, Germany) with a functional sensitivity of 30 U/mL. A TPO-Ab level exceeding 60 U/mL was considered to constitute a positive TPO-Ab reading. Levels of serum TSH and free T4 were measured using the TSH-CTK-3 immunoradiometric assay kit (DiaSorinS.p.A, Saluggia, Italy) and free T4 RIA kit (Beckman Coulter/Immunotech, Prague, Czech Republic), respectively.
Identification of thyroid cancer
Among 5,186 subjects, 2,796 had cystic or solid nodules on thyroid US. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed on 350 patients based on principles that have been described previously [28]. Among these patients, 26 were confirmed as thyroid cancer by histopathological results after surgery at the Asan Medical Center, including 23 classic PTC, two follicular variant PTC, and one medullary thyroid cancer. Additionally, 27 patients were diagnosed with 'Bethesda VI: papillary thyroid carcinoma' or 'Bethesda V: suspicious for malignancy' by FNAC but did not undergo surgery at Asan Medical Center. We included these two categories of patients in the thyroid cancer group, and overall there were 53 patients with thyroid cancer included in this study.
Statistical analysis
Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and categorical variables are presented as number (%). Continuous variables were compared using the Student t test. Comparisons between groups of categorical variables were carried out using the Fisher exact test (two-sided). We performed univariate analysis of the association of thyroid cancer prevalence with various clinical parameters using a binary logistic regression model. The R software package version 3.0 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; http://www.R-project.org) was used for statistical analysis. All p values were two sided and p < 0.05 was considered to denote a statistically significant difference.
Baseline clinical characteristics of control and thyroid cancer subjects
A total of 5,186 subjects (male 63.5%; female 36.5%) without evidence of AITD were eligible for this study. We diagnosed 53 patients (1.02%) as thyroid cancer (33 males and 20 females). The clinical characteristics of the thyroid cancer and control groups are described in Table 1. There was no significant difference in variables between the two groups.
Serum 25(OH)D3 levels in the thyroid cancer and control subjects
We compared 25(OH)D3 levels between the thyroid cancer and control groups (Table 2). There was no significant difference in 25(OH)D3 levels between the two groups (28.5 ± 13.1 ng/mL vs. 26.0 ± 14.1 ng/mL, p = 0.20). This pattern was similar in a subgroup analysis according to gender (male, 29.0 ± 13.9 ng/mL vs. 27.2 ± 14.4 ng/ mL, p = 0.46; female, 27.7 ± 12.0 ng/mL vs. 23.9 ± 13.4 ng/ mL, p = 0.22). To dissect the effects of seasonal variation on serum vitamin D levels, we also evaluated 25(OH)D3 levels during each season. Similarly, in all seasons, there was no significant difference in 25(OH)D3 levels between thyroid cancer and control patients (Table 2).
The prevalence of thyroid cancer according to the serum 25(OH)D3 levels
We classified study subjects into four groups according to 25(OH)D3 levels as follows: deficient (< 10 ng/mL), insufficient (10 to 30 ng/mL), sufficient (30 to 50 ng/mL), and excess (> 50 ng/mL). As shown in Table 3, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of thyroid cancer among the four groups; the frequency of thyroid cancer was 0.71%, 0.94%, 1.40%, and 0.82% in the deficient, insufficient, sufficient, and excess groups, respectively (p = 0.64). Subgroup analysis based on gender did not show any differences between the serum 25(OH)D3 groups.
We performed univariate analysis to evaluate possible associations between thyroid cancer prevalence and various clinical parameters using a binary logistic regression model. There was no clinical parameter that showed a statistically significant correlation with thyroid cancer prevalence (Table 4).
The potential association between serum vitamin D levels and thyroid cancer has been inconclusive based on previous studies [29]. In some reports, lower levels of serum vitamin D in thyroid cancer patients or a higher malignancy rate in vitamin D-deficient individuals were observed [12-15], and there was a correlation between serum vitamin D levels and tumor size or staging [14,15]. However, others have detected no significant difference in serum vitamin D levels between thyroid cancer and control groups [16-18].
These previous studies had two important limitations. First, serum TSH levels and the presence of AITD could be confounding factors in evaluating the association between serum vitamin D levels and thyroid cancer. However, it is unclear that they completely controlled for these confounding factors. Therefore, our cross-sectional study included subjects with normal thyroid function and excluded subjects with any evidence of AITD; we used serum TPO-Ab and thyroid US findings to completely control for this confounding factor. When we analyzed patients with AITD separately, there was no significant association between serum 25(OH)D3 level and thyroid cancer prevalence (data not shown). The second limitation of previous studies is reverse-causation bias. Poor health conditions could reduce outdoor activities, limit sun exposure, and alter the diet of study subjects resulting in lower serum vitamin D levels [29]. Our study included relatively healthy subjects in routine health check-ups and newly diagnosed thyroid cancer patients after thyroid US screening.
The incidence of thyroid cancer, especially PTC, has been progressively increasing worldwide, and in Korea the incidence was among the highest in 2008 [30,31]. According to the 2011 Korean Cancer Registry, its annual incidence rate was 81.0 per 100,000 persons (men, 27.9; women, 134.1), which represented 17.8% of all cancers diagnosed in South Korea in 2011. The relative ease of thyroid cancer detection using high-resolution US may have contributed the more frequent diagnosis of thyroid cancer; however, it cannot fully explain the increased occurrence and there likely has been a real increase in thyroid cancer incidence [32]. To identify the cause of the increase in thyroid cancer incidence, diverse causes, including genetic and environmental factors, have been proposed [33].
A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency has been reported worldwide [34]. In Korea, vitamin D deficiency has become a public health problem not only in elderly persons, but also in younger individuals because of changes in lifestyle and occupations. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, defined as serum 25(OH)D3 levels below 30 ng/mL, was 86.8% in men and 93.3% in women [35]. Various experimental studies have suggested that vitamin D has a strong likelihood of exerting anti-cancer bioactivities [1]. The vitamin D receptor is expressed in most human tissues. Studies using in vitro and in vivo experimental models suggested that 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 promotes cell differentiation, inhibits cancer cell proliferation, and exhibits anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenesis properties [1]. However, in human cancer prevention, vitamin D has not been widely accepted in variable human cancers, including thyroid cancer [29]. In this study, we measured serum 25(OH)D3 levels in thyroid cancer and control patients after US screening in a large cohort with normal thyroid function and without any evidence of AITD. Our present findings support neither protective roles nor adverse effects of vitamin D on thyroid cancer development. Even, some studies have raised concerns about a potential association between increased risk for selected cancers and high levels of serum vitamin D [1,36].
This study had several limitations. First, it employed a cross-sectional design. In this study, thyroid cancer was identified as part of routine clinical practice base on the sonographic finding and size of thyroid nodule. So we could not totally exclude the possibility of false negative patients in control group. Second, there was a possibility of selection bias because we enrolled subjects who visited a Health Promotion Center for routine health check-ups. Third, there was a limitation in confirming the final histopathological results in some thyroid cancer patients because these patients had a confirmation of thyroid cancer based on FNAC results and most of them were treated at another hospital. Lastly, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was considered to be the gold standard for measuring 25(OH)D3, but this assay was not routinely used by reference laboratories for clinical samples [37]. However, our study had the advantage of including a relatively large number of subjects to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid cancer, and about 1% of the subjects were classified in the thyroid cancer group. We only included newly diagnosed thyroid cancer after US screening and included subjects with normal thyroid function and no evidence of AITD to control for this important confounding factor. Thyroid cancer incidence in another large cohort of vitamin D3 deficiency without AITD needs to confirm our findings.
In conclusion, there was no significant association between serum 25(OH)D3 levels and thyroid cancer in our US screened cohort with normal thyroid function and no clinical evidence of AITD.
1. Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone and its elevated serum levels were suggested to protect against thyroid cancer.
2. The presence of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and higher levels of serum thyroid stimulating hormone have been considered to be risk factors for malignancies in thyroid nodules.
3. In our study, there was no significant association between serum 25(OH)D3 levels and thyroid cancer in our ultrasonography-screened cohort with normal thyroid function and no clinical evidence of AITD.
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
1. Rosen CJ, Adams JS, Bikle DD, et al. The nonskeletal effects of vitamin D: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. Endocr Rev 2012;33:456–492.
2. Wolden-Kirk H, Gysemans C, Verstuyf A, Mathieu C. Extraskeletal effects of vitamin D. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2012;41:571–594.
3. Garland CF, Garland FC, Gorham ED, et al. The role of vitamin D in cancer prevention. Am J Public Health 2006;96:252–261.
4. Holick MF. Vitamin D: its role in cancer prevention and treatment. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2006;92:49–59.
5. Cheung FS, Lovicu FJ, Reichardt JK. Current progress in using vitamin D and its analogs for cancer prevention and treatment. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2012;12:811–837.
6. Chung M, Lee J, Terasawa T, Lau J, Trikalinos TA. Vitamin D with or without calcium supplementation for prevention of cancer and fractures: an updated meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2011;155:827–838.
7. Krishnan AV, Feldman D. Mechanisms of the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory actions of vitamin D. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2011;51:311–336.
8. Clinckspoor I, Verlinden L, Mathieu C, Bouillon R, Verstuyf A, Decallonne B. Vitamin D in thyroid tumorigenesis and development. Prog Histochem Cytochem 2013;48:65–98.
9. Dackiw AP, Ezzat S, Huang P, Liu W, Asa SL. Vitamin D3 administration induces nuclear p27 accumulation, restores differentiation, and reduces tumor burden in a mouse model of metastatic follicular thyroid cancer. Endocrinology 2004;145:5840–5846.
10. Liu W, Asa SL, Fantus IG, Walfish PG, Ezzat S. Vitamin D arrests thyroid carcinoma cell growth and induces p27 dephosphorylation and accumulation through PTEN/akt-dependent and -independent pathways. Am J Pathol 2002;160:511–519.
11. Balla B, Kosa JP, Tobias B, et al. Marked increase in CYP24A1 gene expression in human papillary thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2011;21:459–460.
12. Roskies M, Dolev Y, Caglar D, et al. Vitamin D deficiency as a potentially modifiable risk factor for thyroid cancer. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012;41:160–163.
13. Penna-Martinez M, Ramos-Lopez E, Stern J, et al. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2009;19:623–628.
14. Stepien T, Krupinski R, Sopinski J, et al. Decreased 1-25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentration in peripheral blood serum of patients with thyroid cancer. Arch Med Res 2010;41:190–194.
15. Sahin M, Ucan B, Ginis Z, et al. Vitamin D3 levels and insulin resistance in papillary thyroid cancer patients. Med Oncol 2013;30:589.
16. Laney N, Meza J, Lyden E, Erickson J, Treude K, Goldner W. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is similar between thyroid nodule and thyroid cancer patients. Int J Endocrinol 2010;2010:805716.
17. Jonklaas J, Danielsen M, Wang H. A pilot study of serum selenium, vitamin D, and thyrotropin concentrations in patients with thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2013;23:1079–1086.
18. Zhang LR, Sawka AM, Adams L, Hatfield N, Hung RJ. Vitamin and mineral supplements and thyroid cancer: a systematic review. Eur J Cancer Prev 2013;22:158–168.
19. Boi F, Minerba L, Lai ML, et al. Both thyroid autoimmunity and increased serum TSH are independent risk factors for malignancy in patients with thyroid nodules. J Endocrinol Invest 2013;36:313–320.
20. Fiore E, Rago T, Latrofa F, et al. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma: role of TSH and of treatment with L-thyroxine. Endocr Relat Cancer 2011;18:429–437.
21. Wu X, Lun Y, Jiang H, et al. Coexistence of thyroglobulin antibodies and thyroid peroxidase antibodies correlates with elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone level and advanced tumor stage of papillary thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2014;46:554–560.
22. Fiore E, Vitti P. Serum TSH and risk of papillary thyroid cancer in nodular thyroid disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:1134–1145.
23. Paparodis R, Imam S, Todorova-Koteva K, Staii A, Jaume JC. Hashimoto's thyroiditis pathology and risk for thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2014;24:1107–1114.
24. Jankovic B, Le KT, Hershman JM. Clinical review: Hashimoto's thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma: is there a correlation? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:474–482.
25. Choi YM, Kim WG, Kim TY, et al. Low levels of serum vitamin D3 are associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in pre-menopausal women. Thyroid 2014;24:655–661.
26. Choi HS, Oh HJ, Choi H, et al. Vitamin D insufficiency in Korea: a greater threat to younger generation: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:643–651.
28. Han JM, Kim TY, Jeon MJ, et al. Obesity is a risk factor for thyroid cancer in a large, ultrasonographically screened population. Eur J Endocrinol 2013;168:879–886.
29. Manson JE, Mayne ST, Clinton SK. Vitamin D and prevention of cancer: ready for prime time? N Engl J Med 2011;364:1385–1387.
30. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer 2010;127:2893–2917.
31. Kweon SS, Shin MH, Chung IJ, Kim YJ, Choi JS. Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer in women, based on the data from population-based cancer registries, South Korea. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013;43:1039–1046.
32. Li N, Du XL, Reitzel LR, Xu L, Sturgis EM. Impact of enhanced detection on the increase in thyroid cancer incidence in the United States: review of incidence trends by socioeconomic status within the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results registry, 1980-2008. Thyroid 2013;23:103–110.
33. Kim TY, Kim WG, Kim WB, Shong YK. Current status and future perspectives in differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2014;29:217–225.
36. Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Jacobs EJ, Arslan AA, et al. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of pancreatic cancer: Cohort Consortium Vitamin D Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers. Am J Epidemiol 2010;172:81–93.


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IAVI engages policymakers, scientists, activists, civil society organizations, influencers, community representatives, and citizens across the world. This work is designed to ensure that necessary resources and policies can sustain local, regional, and global support for HIV vaccines and new biomedical prevention approaches. IAVI recognizes that these approaches must reflect regional realities and priorities essential to ending AIDS.
IAVI's advocacy partners — from the community to the global level — mobilize a comprehensive response to HIV. This ensures decision-makers have the information and evidence to make informed choices about HIV prevention and provide financial support.
Now, over two decades after IAVI's founding, HIV vaccines are listed as national health research priorities in many countries where the organization works. These national commitments can translate into increased domestic support for strengthening research and regulatory facilities, as well as inclusive and effective health policies.
IAVI advocates for controlling the AIDS epidemic by all available means. Governments, civil society, and the private sector must stimulate innovation that can fund antiretroviral treatment, while also generating new biomedical approaches for prevention.

subset: commoncrawl


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Ashley & Adam :: Ritz Carlton Chicago Wedding
This Ritz Carlton Chicago wedding will surely captivate and inspire! The newly remodeled ballroom, stunning all white modern decor and the sweetest, most genuine couple! That and a few surprises sprinkled throughout. You see, Ashley and Adam met at University of Kentucky where they were both part of the UK cheerleading squad. And they have mad skills, as demonstrated below!
Sisters!!! Such a sweet bond!
Ashley & Adam did their first look in the park across the street from the Ritz and travelled to Olive Park for their city portraits.
Long walk at Olive Park, and sometimes through a bit of sand, but Adam was just warming up at this point. 🙂
Yes, this is REAL. Not photoshopped. They were that close to the water and Adam held Ashley in the palm of his hand for a quite a while! A-MAZING!!!!!
No cheerleader wedding is complete without a dance floor pyramid!
We ended the night on Michigan Avenue toasting to the best day ever and the beginning of Ashley & Adam's new journey as husband and wife!
So honored to have worked with such an amazing team of vendors and dear friends:
Ceremony Venue – Ritz Carlton Chicago
Reception Venue – Ritz Carlton Chicago
Wedding Planner – Bridget Rogers – Shannon Gail Weddings & Events
Wedding Dress – Galia Lahav – Bella Bianca
Bridesmaids Dresses – Hayley Paige Occasions
Hair & Makeup – Sonia Roselli Beauty
Band – Larry King Orchestra
Floral & Decor: Kehoe


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Kid Cudi playing Williamsburg Waterfront w/ Chip Tha Ripper (who he plays Roseland with 3 times this week)
Kid Cudi begins his sold-out three night stay with Chip Tha Ripper at Roseland tonight (4/20). They say that weed effects motivation and now that the MC is off of the ganj, that may have motivated him to quickly announce his follow-up NYC show for this summer. Look for Kud Cudi to team up with Chip Tha Ripper again at Williamsburg Waterfront on July 6th. Tickets go on sale at noon on Friday (4/22).
This is the first of 10 ticketed shows to be announced at the outdoor Brooklyn venue.
Kid Cudi's last LP Man on the Moon II: The Legend of Mr. Rager dropped in the tail end of last year. Chip Tha Ripper recently released the new Gift Raps mixtape for free download. The mixtape features "The Entrance" which is in viewable in video form, with all tour dates, below…
Chip Tha Ripper – The Entrance
Chip Tha Ripper — 2011 Tour Dates
April 20th – NYC – Roseland Ballroom w/ KiD CuDi
April 21st – NYC – Roseland Ballroom w/ KiD CuDi
April 22nd – NYC – Roseland Ballroom w/ KiD CuDi
April 23rd – Erie, PA – Erie Bayfront Convention Center w/ Machine Gun Kelly
May 6th – Oklahoma City, OK – DETAILS TBA
May 7th – Austin, TX – Cablestock 2011 (Texas Ski Ranch) w/ Bun B
May 13th – Cincinnati, OH – Pi Kappa Alpha House (University of Cincinnati)
May 14th – Cincinnati, OH – 20th Century Theatre w/ Bone Thugs-N-Harmony (PRIVATE EVENT)
July 6th – Brooklyn, NY – Williamsburg Waterfront w/ Kid Cudi
Kid Cudi — 2011 Tour Dates
APR 20 Roseland Ballroom New York
APR 21 Roseland Ballroom New York
APR 22 Roseland Ballroom New York
APR 29 Carrier Dome Syracuse
MAY 1 Edgerton Center for the Performing Arts Fairfield
JUN 16 Deer Lake Park Burnaby, BC, CANADA
JUN 17 WaMu Theater Seattle, WA , US
JUN 19 Bill Graham Civic Auditorium San Francisco, CA
JUN 20 NOKIA Theatre LA LIVE Los Angeles
July 6th – Brooklyn, NY – Williamsburg Waterfront


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- Myth: Egg donation affects the future fertility of donors.
Truth: The average woman is born with 2 million eggs. By puberty, that pool consists of about 400,000 follicles (eggs). Form those, only 400 will reach maturity and will be ovulated. This leaves approximately 399,600 unused. In a typical cycle, a woman produces 15-20 eggs. Usually, only one is released for ovulation and the body discards the rest. With egg donation, we stimulate the ovaries to develop the extra eggs that would otherwise be destroyed. This explains why the normal pool of eggs is not depleted by egg donation.
- Myth: The egg donation process is painful and involves an invasive surgical procedure.
Truth: The stimulation process involves 10-12 days of injections with a small needle into your belly fat like a TB test. Then, the retrieval is accessed vaginally through the cervix (similar to when you have a pap smear), meaning there are no surgical cuts. The egg retrieval procedure is minimally invasive but performed under IV sedation for the donor's comfort and only takes 15-20 minutes.
- Myth: There are heavy side effects associated with the medication that hinder daily activity.
Truth: There are some side effects that come with the medication, which may include bloating, weight gain, mild pelvic discomfort/ cramping, moodiness, and tiredness. However, many of these symptoms are similar to the symptoms a woman experiences with her normal menstrual cycle. Most women have no issues and are able to continue their daily activities while taking medication.
- Myth: The egg donation process is very time consuming and requires donors to take extensive time off school/work.
Truth: The stimulation process only involves 10-12 days of injections and monitoring which is arranged near the donors home for convenience. At Physician's Surrogacy we only require the donor to come to San Diego for two visits; the medical screening and the retrieval procedure.
- Myth: Egg donation is unsafe.
Truth: Have you ever heard of IVF being unsafe? Egg donation is not a mysterious process; it's the same process a woman undergoes when doing IVF. Over 20,000 cycles are being performed in the United States alone annually. As Richard J. Paulson, president of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine puts it, "there are no long-term adverse risks of IVF or egg donation."
- Myth: Donors could be responsible for the offspring.
Truth: The intended parents invest heavily in your genetic gift. They have full custody of the offspring and there are legal contracts that ensure protection for all parties. A donor can also choose to become an anonymous donor, which means that the identity of the donor is unknown to the intended parents and offspring.
- Myth: The child is a carbon copy of you.
Truth: The child will only have part of your genetic make-up. The donor's egg is combined with either a donor sperm or the intended father's sperm. There is a common fear that a "mini-me" is running around somewhere, but this is not accurate.
As you can see there are many concerns about egg donation that are simply untrue. At Physician's Surrogacy we aim to educate our donor's and empower them to make informed decisions.
To see if you qualify to become one of our donors, click this link to fill out an application.
You'll find out within 72 hours if you meet the preliminary qualifications and will have an opportunity to discuss any other questions you may have with one of our coordinators.


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Our Pink Delphinium Garland is 8 Feet Long and covered in super-premium silk flowers. You can hang them alone or in a grouping for a plush look. The main photo shows 6 garlands hanging next to each other. The other images show samples of what you can do with our garlands including what the super-talented Preston Bailey did by using a riser (try out our White Upsy Daisy Riser or our Chrome High Rise) in the center of the table. Then hang a mixture of our Garlands of any kind with some Crystals and you've got a centerpiece that will be the talk of your event.
Flowers actually stimulate our senses, improve our outlook and enrich our surroundings but real flowers are costly and challenging to work with when planning an event, especially an outdoor event. Having exquisite decor that doesn't break the bank isn't impossible - simply start with our premium quality floral products and you'll save time and money while creating a memorable floral paradise!
Our Double Sided Premium Silk Delphinium Flower Garland is a gorgeous shade of Orchid with touches of ivory and green in the center. This garland is a full 8' long by 4" wide and it's completely flexible. Curve down the center of a table for quick yet stunning decor or combine with super flexible Fairy String Lights for a dazzling centerpiece. Each flower is over 3" in diameter and since the blooms surround the vine, this garland is perfect for creating overhead hanging gardens where the flowers need to be seen from all sides.
For weddings, parties and special events or for everyday enjoyment, simply hang from any overhead structure like a trellis, pavilion, gazebo, pergola or event tents. This beautiful shade of orchid really enhances wedding arches and provides a stylish backdrop for photos. Since the garland is completely flexible, it creates a fabulous drape or swag effect for balconies, table fronts, ceilings or to outline doors and windows. For drop ceilings, use magnet hooks on the metal strips and swag this garland across the room. Add to the romantic ambience by hanging Clear Glass Candle Holders or Sparkling Crystal Ornaments.
Always gorgeous, vibrant and romantic, use our 8' long artificial Delphinium Garland to create that luxurious floral paradise you've always envisioned without breaking the bank or causing you grief. This orchid colored garland matches our Delphinium Waterfall Garland and our tall Delphinium Spray.


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Locations | Contact Us | Customer Login & FTP
Vendor Managed Inventory program ensures label availability and reduces costs.
Find out why Walle is just the right size to serve you best.
See examples of Walle's many innovations, past and present.
Contact us to find out more about how Walle's roll fed labels can save you time and money on your filling lines.


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Enjoy some summer recipes in my July/August issue of The Judicial Palate.
This article originally appeared in the July/August 2014 issue of The Journal of the Delaware State Bar Association, a publication of the Delaware State Bar Association. Copyright © Delaware State Bar Association 2014. All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission.


text: On Saturday 24 November 2007 04:01:24 Trent Waddington wrote: > interesting. Do you have a list of contributors and their signoff on > this license change? > > Or is it just you two? > Well I didn't think that was necessary; but after some thought I realize that the AppDB only seemed to include a LICENSE file containing the GPL v2, while a GPL/AGPL v3 change would require previous code to be licenced under 'GPL v2 or later'. So I'm including the other authors in this mail to see if they agree, or have already licenced their code under GPL v2 or later Sorry for all the mess, but legal stuff isn't really my thing. :) Alexander N. Sørnes > On Nov 24, 2007 12:36 PM, Alexander Nicolaysen Sørnes > > <alex at thehandofagony.com> wrote: > > Change licence to AGPL > > > > > > > > Alexander N. Sørnes


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Find the Best Accommodation Deals
Many travellers are searching for What To Do In Koh Samui In 2 Days, Traveling is full of many opportunities to go on all kinds of adventures where you can experience new people and cultures. One popular country that many people like to flock to is the Southeastern country of Thailand. While there are many spots to go to in this affordable island paradise, but the island of Koh Samui is where many people like to go to because it has so many activities and natural and manmade structures to view. You can find What To Do In Koh Samui In 2 Days travel information.
Seeking for What To Do In Koh Samui In 2 Days. mo chit bus terminal Pandora House Thaihouse The Riverfront hualamphong train Thepnakorn Hotel Malila Homestay
What To Do In Koh Samui In 2 Days, Koh Samui is definitely the second largest island in Thailand. It provides many beaches filled with coconut groves and rain forests. There are many spots for relaxation, exciting nightlife and tourist culture, and religious architecture.
Allow me to share the top 7 things you should do during Koh Samui.
Wat Phra Yai
This is certainly found on a rocky island that is incorporated in the northern end of Koh Samui. It houses a 15-meter high Buddha Statue from the modern Buddha in Mara posture with all the beautiful island sky surrounding him. Before visitors can go into the area with all the statue, they have to don the right traditional clothing for your area.
Na Muang Waterfalls
While Koh Samui has lots of waterfalls, the Na Muang waterfalls located inland are one of the most beautiful because great for doing things such as swimming, exploring, climbing, or having a picnic. The bottom of the first waterfall might be reached through the "staircases" created by the tree roots and rocks, as well as at the base is a large natural pool the location where the water is cool and refreshing. The 2nd waterfall is about half an hour away and is known as Namtok Na Muang or "purple waterfalls" for the reason that rocks contain shades of purple. Involving the two will be the Na Muang Safari Park where you may see monkey shows and carry on elephant rides.
Chaweng Beach
There is lots of exciting activity in this particular popular spot. You can go swimming or simply relax on its beautiful sandy beaches flanked by clear and funky waters. Another thing this area is acknowledged for is its cabaret shows, or more specifically its kathoey cabaret reveals that feature transgender women or effeminate males who dress and perform in classic cabaret or Thai dancing garb. The shows usually feature the dancers lip syncing to popular music and often performing detailed choreography, making to have an enjoyable experience that is loaded with glitz and glam.
Hin Ta and Hin Yai
These are typically often known as "Grandfather and Grandmother Rocks." These rocks are incredibly named as their natural formations look just like female and male genitalia. The site can definitely give someone with feelings of humor a giggle, along with the local legend that you just will hear from locals of how they came about can also make for an interesting trip.
Samui Aquarium and Tiger Show
It is an aquarium where you could see many of the local wildlife in the area. Many of the marine every day life is through the Gulf of Thailand like tiger sharks, manta rays, nurse sharks, various tropical fish, and many others. The zoo inside features many animals like monkeys, otters and other birds, with all the main attractions being the leopards and tigers taking the stage in the live show. You can even pay a little extra to get the picture taken using them.
Samui Institute of Thai Culinary Arts
For people who tire of heavily physical exercises or individuals who just want to experience everything that local fare is offering can attend some classes around this popular cooking school. SITCA offers courses that are some hours long to generate a multicourse meal. A few of the items covered within the class include researching local ingredients and ways to create intricate floral designs using various carving techniques on local vegatables and fruits. Students can also obtain a complementary instructional DVD so that they can practice the methods at home or somewhere else.
Secret Buddha Garden
Inside the interior hills in the island, you can experience these beautiful religious structures set in a luscious jungle. Originally created by a fruit farmer named Khun Nim on his own land, your garden features many large statues of Thai deities, animals, and humans in dynamic poses. The farmer also made a statue of himself inside a relaxed pose with a rock. The garden is really a serene and quiet place having a waterfall and stream running from the jungle areas.
There are lots of more places to discover in Koh Samui, Thailand than only those 7 mentioned previously. However, they may be great places to begin to get an understanding for many that can be done and find out throughout this beautiful, bustling island. Going to many of these can even lead to other exciting places. What To Do In Koh Samui In 2 Days
| Things To See & Do In Koh Samui | Things To Do In Koh Samui In 2 Days | Things To Do In Thailand Koh Samui One Day | Best Things To Do In Thailand Koh Samui | Koh Samui Day Trips Tripadvisor | google.com | plus | alexa.com | nasa.gov | jcprd.com | doleta.gov | bts.gov | hawaii edu | Youtube


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Clay Middle School TSA Construction Challenge
During the school year, students involved in Clay County Middle School's Technology Student Association Construction Challenge look for a way to help their community. Many different projects have been done in the years past. This year the team consisting of Holt Dawson, Hunter Evans, Jack Haverty, and Brady Jones decided to focus on their own school. As they looked around, they presented a couple of ideas to their principal Leslie Goe. Building a new sign for the school became the best way they could help considering the sign in place was originally put in during the 91-92 school year. The original sign did not have any lights so the team decided to use solar lights to enhance the sign and be more environmentally conscious.
Pictured is the construction team with BJ Evans, a representative of Advantage Technology who sponsored the team. Great job boys!!!


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Environment, Health and Safety Online
The site for free, objective information you can use!
Try our extensive Table of Contents to find your topic (It is a huge list and may take a 15 to 30 seconds to load on DSL/Cable or a minute or two on dial up!)
Quick Link List
OSHA, and DOT News
Terrorism Issues:
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Toxic toys? New rules have toy manufacturers upset that they can't keep making toxic toys! Read our opinions about this and other issues with the EPA, FDA, OSHA, etc.
New and Featured Pages
Is Azodicarbonamide in bread at Subway, McDonalds and other foods safe? Read more here.
Benzene in your soda? FDA tests find benzene in 5 brands of soft drinks. Get the details here.
Compact Fluorescent Lights (CFL's) emit harmful amounts of UV (ultraviolet) radiation.
Cell phones and the link to cancer - do cell phones cause cancer? Update from WHO
April 22 is Earth day - Read about it here.
Compact Fluorescent Lights (CFLs) Advantages and Problems, new laws
Bed Bug infestations are a growing epidemic. See this page about bed bugs and if you are going to a hotel or motel, check this page for tips specific to staying in hotels and motels.
Find a recycling center in your area for your old tv, computer, cell phone, batteries, washing machine and more
Caffeine and Your Health - The latest about Caffeine and Pregnancy / Miscarriages
Jobs: Resources for environmental jobs-seekers
Worker Rights for Safety and Wages:
Does cell phone usage cause brain tumors and cancer? See the cell phone research and conclusions here.
Having an Ant Invasion in Your Home?
Recreation: This summer, take your family to pick your own strawberries, tomatoes, apples, pumpkins and other fresh, healthy fruit ! For more information, see www.PickYourOwn.org
Complete listing of site changes at "What's new"
2020 OSHA Top 10 Violations List
Curious what the top 10 violations cited by OSHA are? The list is here!
Most Energy-Efficient Buildings
The EPA released a list of the nation's most energy-efficient buildings. Almost 2000 of the nation's most energy efficient buildings have earned EPA's ENERGY STAR, saving an estimated $200 million annually and reducing approximately six billion pounds of greenhouse gas emissions, equivalent to the emissions of 500,000 cars. The buildings qualifying as ENERGY STAR use about 40 percent less energy without compromising comfort or services. Several telecommunications companies made the list, including BellSouth, QWEST, and Verizon. More than 50 percent of the buildings joining the program were supermarkets or grocery stores. More information and a complete list of buildings, by state, is available here: List of buildings (2.14MB); Press Release and More information
Education and Training programs
The EPA, DOT and OSHA require a number of certifications and training in order to work in certain positions, even positions that you might not expect. For example, hazardous waste training courses are usually required for health related degrees such as Gerontology degrees and Nursing programs.
See this page for more information about some of the more popular types of OSHA/EPA/DOT mandated training .
Looking for a few good firms and professionals:
We would like to direct inquiries to reputable, reliable small and medium sized firms and professionals who opened their own shops. If you know of a firm or individual who offers technical excellence, customer satisfaction and competitive pricing, use our feedback form to send us their name /number so we may contact them about being an affiliate!
More News
More News, by date from the EPA Newsroom.
News around the nation: News from EPA's ten regional offices.
Activities/announcements: Public meetings, grants, program and conference announcements.
Looking for a fun natural family outing?
Try a pick-your-own farm There are many farms that grow fruit and vegetables that you can go pick. The site has the farms broken down by country, state or province and county. You can find everything from strawberries, blueberries, blackberries, apples, pumpkins, Christmas trees, tomatoes, asparagus to kiwis oranges and other citrus! To find a U-pick farm near you, we recommend PickYourOwn.org - http://www.pickyourown.org They have loads of resources, illustrated recipes on how to make jams and jellies, homemade applesauce, pickles, salsa and apple butter, and other tips and guides, in addition to information and listings for the farms.
Consumer Protection Information
Looking for consumer protection information about identity theft, phishing, spam, email frauds, hoaxes, lottery scams, etc.? Try our partner website, Consumer Fraud Reporting.Org ( www.ConsumerFraudReporting.org )


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Buy & Sell
If you have a Banjer 37 for sale, or you are looking for one to buy, we'll place your advertising here for free.
Advertising Policy
We do not guarantee the accuracy of the information (Always provided by owners or brokers), neither the legal rights of the said owner or broker over the boats.
The updates of this page are only done from time to time, so prices and other details may have changed. Please always confirm with vendors.
Placement of an advertisement will be always at the Club criteria, based on good faith.
Brokers advertisings always link to their web pages and the accuracy of the information there is under their only responsibility.
We do not represent sellers or buyers, neither act as mediators. So we accept no commissions and no liability whatsoever, in the process of buy-selling of boats or their equipment. That is of the solely responsibility of the parts.


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Poverty in Argentina
A week or two ago, a reader asked me about information on poverty in Argentina. I apologize for not getting to the issue sooner, but yesterday I read an article on poverty in Argentina in Clarín, Argentina's largest newspaper, that the reader will find valuable. First, the comment...
Reader's Comment
Do you know anything about the poverty level in Argentina? I know things are worse since the financial crisis, but do you have any hard info or numbers?
Poverty in Argentina
There are two poverty lines in Argentina. A family of four making $772 pesos ($266 USD) per month or less, are considered poor. If that same family makes less than $354 pesos ($122 USD), they are considered indigent. Argentina uses two "baskets" of goods to define the poverty -- the Canasta Básica Total (CBT) or "Total Basic Basket" and the Canasta Básica Alimentaria or "Basic Nourishing Basket". The total basic basket accounts for things like clothing, housing, services, etc. The nourishing basket is the basic food/drink requirements for one to feed his or her family. So, in March, it cost $772 pesos to obtain all the goods/services in the total basic basket and $354 pesos to obtain the goods in the nourishing basket.
This does not tell the whole story, however. I was speaking to an Argentine colleague of mine today about this story and she told me that there was a recent documentary made in Argentina about this very subject. Similar to the movie "Supersize Me" in the US, an Argentine filmmaker spent a month eating all the goods that were actually in the nourishing basket. Instead of gaining weight, however, he dropped 13 lbs in one month, his blood pressure went haywire, and he suffered bouts with insomnia, nervousness, fatigue, and became aggressive at home.
The argument of the movie was that the government sets this nourishing basket artificially lower than the true amount needed for actual nourishment. They do this in order to diminish the number people who show up as indigents in the statistics. Clearly the items in the nourishing basket are not sufficiently nourishing.
The CIA World Factbook reports that, as of May 2003, 51.7% of the population of Argentina is below the poverty line. I would assume that they are referring to the CBT or "Total Basic Basket" when they are stating this figure. They do not list their reference, but I imagine they use official government reports.
Labels: Cost of Living, Current Events, Living In Argentina


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No more needles and pricked fingers… now lasers can be used to gauge the glucose levels in diabetics.
Well, so for this gentler technique has only been tried with sugar water and blood serum, but if it works in humans, the device could be used in hospitals and homes to monitor patients continuously. Science News reports.
It's been a decades-old dream of scientists to use beams of near-infrared light to measure glucose levels in the body. "Having a noninvasive way to measure glucose has long been a holy grail for our community," says study author Andreas Mandelis at the University of Toronto.
As the light passes through human tissue harmlessly, it vibrates chemical bonds in the sugar molecule, absorbing energy. This absorption is measured, providing info about the concentration of glucose in the blood.
The trick is to make sure other things in the blood aren't also absorbing the near-infrared. That's where scientists have been tripped up so far.
So Mandelis and his team used mid-infrared light, which is absorbed by glucose and not by other molecules in the blood, but with one major exception: water, which makes up most of blood's volume.
They used 2 beams that are tuned to slightly different wavelengths:
One is absorbed by both water and glucose, the other by only water. When both beams strike dissolved glucose in concert, the water absorptions cancel each other out, giving off measurable heat that spotlights just the sugar.
So far, it's proven sensitive even to small quantities of glucose. And the team is working with a Toronto hospital to set up tests with people.
The work will be published in a forthcoming issue of Physical Review E.
Via Science News.
Image by J. Fang
This post was originally published on Smartplanet.com


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Dwyane Wade: Rose and Bulls 'one player away'
"They met us in the Eastern Conference finals, and they were one player away from making it a very, very, very tough series," Wade told ESPNChicago.com during an event for his "Wade's World" charities. "Derrick Rose is evolving into a phenomenal player. You could look and see they're one player away from being there every year."
HoopsVibe's Very Quick Call: Dwyane Wade thinks the Chicago Bulls aren't far off.
Yesterday Wade declared that the Derrick Rose led Bulls are one player away from potentially beating his Miami Heat, who won the Eastern Conference championship in 2011.
Wade is correct when stating the Bulls need a shooting guard to take the offensive pressure off Rose, who too often had to create a scoring opportunity on every possession.
However, the Bulls' options could be limited by the new collective bargaining agreement, which would make it difficult, if not impossible, for an upgrade.
The club already has $61.5 million in guaranteed salary for 2011-12. They only have eleven players on the roster.
Now suppose the owners get their hard cap with no exceptions or loop holes.The Bulls will have to look in-house for another scorer, which means getting greater production from the highly paid Carlos Boozer.
Yes, Boozer. Remember him?
Boozer sustained a freak injury in training camp, missed significant parts of the regular season, and found himself on the bench for parts of the Bulls' playoff run.
Boozer has four years and $60 million left on his contract. No contender can get such weak production from such a big-ticket.
The Bulls will likely have little or no money for free agents. And Boozer may have to be the difference-maker Wade speaks of.
–Oly Sandor.
Got thoughts? Well, get at HoopsVibe News in the comment box below.


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Happy April 1st everyone, keep you wits about you today, don't' forget its April Fools Day! I'm not really creative enough to fool anyone on my blog, so we'll celebrate April 1st with a new flyer for the season.
Setting the way-back machine to exactly 32 year ago, Disneyland has a new "For your information" flier. This 4 by 9 inch heavy card stock flier is effective 4/1/77 thru 9/18/77. These might have been for local hotels or travel agents or ?
Space Mountain's grand opening weekend May 27, 28 and 29. Senior Days, Date Nites, Main Street Electrical Parade, Fantasy in the Sky Fireworks, ah the gold old days.
Let's look at a 1977 Ticket book. Mickey is welcoming up with open arms, how cute!
Letters of joy…
Neat 70's Disneyland logo, it reminds me of that Summer of 77' when for the first time me and my friend spent the whole day at Disneyland with no adults!!!!
Too many fun things to do in one day, but lets try and do them all anyway.
I'm in a "B" ticket mood today and I'm torn between using this ticket for Casey Jr. or The Swiss Family Tree House… Alice, you're a close 3rd.
You have got to the love the art work for the original Space Mountain, its so Super Seventies! Check back on Bonus Sunday for this entire issue of the Disneyland Line – Special Magic Mountain Edition, every page is about the new attraction.
Wednesday, April 1, 2009
Disneyland - For your information April 1, 1977
Posted by Vintage Disneyland Tickets at 12:16 AM
4 comments:
- Major Pepperidge said...
Really, Alice is only a close third? Poor girl!
- Wednesday, 01 April, 2009
- Matt said...
Well, at least she beat out the Shooting Gallery ;)
- Wednesday, 01 April, 2009
- Vintage Disneyland Tickets said...
I thought long and hard about My Alice comment, and I thought I might get Matt's attention. I do love Alice now (possibly in ways I'm not supposed to) but in 1977 I thought the Alice ride was a snore, woulda helped if I had actually seen the movie as a kid!
- Wednesday, 01 April, 2009
- Disney On Parole said...
1977! What a year! life was simple... thanks
- Wednesday, 01 April, 2009
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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Dr Cristina Boserman
About me
I'm a Chartered and Registered Health Psychologist, a Registered Jungian Psychotherapist and UKCP registered Supervisor - I support individuals with their psychological wellbeing and the search for life meaning.
I hold over 12 years of post-chartership experience in both private and public sectors. My interest includes substance dependence, phobias and stress, panic/anxiety, eating disorders, self-harm, body dysmorphic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as any particular life challenges encountered by individuals.
Training, qualifications & experience
Diploma in Analytical Psychology (Jungian Analysis) with the Independent Group of Analytical Psychologists (UK)
Diploma in Hypnotherapy
MSc Health Psychology
MPhil Health Psychology
Member organisations
Registered / Accredited
Accredited register membership
Areas of counselling I deal with
- Abortion
- Abuse
- Addiction(s)
- Affairs and betrayals
- Alcoholism
- Anger management
- Anorexia nervosa
- Antisocial personality disorder
- Anxiety
- Attachment disorder
- Avoidant personality disorder
- Binge-eating disorder
- Bipolar disorder
- Body dysmorphic disorder
- Borderline personality disorder
- Bulimia nervosa
- Bullying
- Cancer
- Career counselling
- Carer support
- Child related issues
- Chronic fatigue syndrome/ME
- Dependent personality disorder
- Depression
- Disabilities
- Dissociation
- Domestic violence
- Drug addiction
- Eating disorders
- Emotional abuse
- Family issues
- Feeling sad
- Gambling
- Gender dysphoria
- Generalised anxiety disorder
- Hearing voices
- Histrionic personality disorder
- Hoarding
- Infertility
- Internet addiction
- Learning difficulties
- Loneliness
- Low self-confidence
- Low self-esteem
- Miscarriage
- Narcissistic personality disorder
- Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
- Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
- Panic attacks
- Paranoid personality disorder
- Passive aggressive behaviour
- Personality disorders
- Phobias
- Physical abuse
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
- Postnatal depression
- Pregnancy and birth
- Redundancy
- Relationship problems
- Schizoid personality disorder
- Schizotypal personality disorder
- Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
- Self-harm
- Separation and divorce
- Sex addiction
- Sex problems
- Sexual abuse
- Sexuality
- Smoking
- Spirituality
- Stress
- Suicidal thoughts
- Trauma
- Work-related stress
Therapies offered
Further information
Registered with the following professional bodies:
- Registered Jungian Psychotherapist with the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP)
- Chartered Health Psychologist (CPsychol) and Associate Fellow (AFBPsS) with the British Psychological Society (BPS)
- Registered Health Psychologist with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC)
I abide by the Code of Ethics and Conduct of the British Psychological Society (BPS), the Standards of the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC), the Code of Ethics of the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP) and the Code of Ethics of the Independent Group of Analytical Psychologists (IGAP) London.
Maps & Directions
Type of session
|Online counselling:
|Telephone counselling:
|Face to face counselling:
|Home visits:
Practical details
|Sign language:
|Other languages:
Types of client
|Older adults
|Employee Assistance Programme
Supervision & training
UKCP Registered Supervisor with experience working with Psychotherapists, Psychiatrists/Healthcare Providers and Counsellors both in group and one-to-one.
|Online supervision:
|Telephone supervision:


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Luxury New Townhomes In The Heart Of Roslyn Village. Elegant 3 Bed 2.5 Ba Condo Featuring Top Of The Line Kitchen And Baths. Gas Fireplace, Private Elevator Optional And 2 Car Garage. Set On 12 Acres With Waterside Promenade, Kayaks, Bbq, Private Clubhouse. True Urban-Suburban Living. 1 Blk To Town, Restaurants, Theater, Library, Duck Pond And Shopping.
|Status Changed from Under Contract to Closed
|Status Changed from Active to Under Contract
|Price Reduced from $1,750,000 to $1,725,000
The source of the displayed data is either the property owner or public record provided by non-governmental third parties. It is believed to be reliable but not guaranteed. This information is provided exclusively for consumers' personal, non-commercial use.
The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site comes in part from the Broker Reciprocity Program of the Multiple Listing Service of Long Island, Inc.
Information Copyright 2020, Multiple Listing Service of Long Island, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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The practical use of agile in projects
Agile ways of working are a collection of tools, techniques, frameworks and methods that are focussed on breaking up large pieces of work and keeping the end users involved in the production of high value products and services.
Duration: 1 day
In-House Course: Please contact us for In-house training options. To deliver the full benefits of an in-house course we recommend a minimum of 6 delegates with a maximum of 14
Public Course:
This hands-on one day course is designed to give participants practical exposure to a range of agile methods and to give them an opportunity to ask questions about many of the myths surrounding agile and it's application in the workplace.


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Bhutan didn't have any paved roads until 1962; now, the country is using plastic waste to blacktop those roads. more...
January 23 , 1973 : US President Nixon announced that a peace settlement had been reached in Vietnam. more...
Learn something new every day
More Info... by email
A pathname is a name that a computer uses to locate a file a user wants to access. Each component in the pathname refers to a folder or directory. When a user gives a name to a file, that filename is the last entry in the pathname. Pathnames are hierarchical in nature—starting with the root directory and going down each file and folder to reach the file the user wishes to access. This way, when the user wants to access a file, the computer can trace the path from the root directory and to the file the user wishes to access.
In general, the first component in a pathname is the root directory. On many computers, the root directory will give the drive letter also. For example, if the root directory is referring to the hard disk drive, the root directory will be C:/, where "C" is the drive letter. Drive letters will vary depending on what drive the user wants to access. If a person wishes to find a file in a flash drive, the root directory will be whatever letter is delineated to the flash drive.
After the root directory, the pathname contains all other folders that the computer will have to go through in order to find the specified file name. For example, if a user is looking for a file with the path, C:/documentsandsettings/user/pic.png, the computer will have to look in the C drive, under the folder "documentsandsettings" under the folder, "user," and locate the filename "pic.png." On many computers, each directory name is separated by a forward slash (/) or a colon (:). However, some computer systems use a backward slash (\) or another delimiter. This hierarchy is also important to how Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) work.
A file can either have a full, also known as an absolute, pathname or a relative pathname. Full paths give the entire pathname and point the computer to the same location no matter what the working directory is. It is always given in reference to the root directory. A relative path gives only part of the pathname. This leaves the computer to "assume" that the file is in the same directory as the working directory.
For example, a full path may be given as follows: C:/documentsandsettings/user/mydocuments/writingfolder/pathnames.doc. Notice that the root directory starts the pathname. However, a relative path may be something like pathnames.doc. If the user is using the working directory, "writingfolder," and if no other information is given, the computer will automatically search for the filename in the "writingfolder" directory. Thus, a relative path is given in relation to a working directory.
One of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted. Note that depending on the number of suggestions we receive, this can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK!


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You are in an overgrown garden, standing before an arrangement of three stones which form a free-standing gateway. Through the gateway lies another world - the island of Karos. On the island of Karos there once lived a wizard called Khoronz who wielded his power with the aid of the magic Talisman of Khoronz.
Your objective is to find the Talisman and any other treasure that remains. The search will be long and difficult, and even if you succeed you must find your way back to the gate and somehow return through it to complete your task.
[+] Users who have solved this game
[+] Users currently playing this game


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Investing in the Victorian economy and the environment: Future Farming Landscapes
VicSuper is a $12.5 billion strong Victorian not-for-profit superannuation fund with over 243,000 members and more than 19,000 participating employers. Vicsuper's central operating principle is sustainability. This means that they think about long term outcomes. They also incorporate environmental, social and governance considerations, along with traditional financial analysis, into their operational and investment decisions.
VicSuper is committed to investing in Victorian projects that deliver financial, community and environmental returns. In 2007 VicSuper invested in the "Future Farming Landscapes" redevelopment project. This project lies between Kerang and Swan Hill in Victoria and is located in the southern part of the Murray Darling Basin, one of the most vital food-producing regions in Australia.
The Future Farming Landscapes project is currently delivering many cross functional benefits to Victorians through agricultural development and innovative water management activities. These benefits include the creation of shared value for VicSuper members through the generation of financial returns over the long term, rural communities of north-west Victoria through job generation and local industry development and the environment through the implementation of sustainable farming practices.
The business model for the Future Farming Landscapes project involves earning income and building capital value through investment in sustainable farmland redevelopment. From the onset, the project was built around improved yield productivity and the delivery of water use solutions for agriculture and the environment. These sustainable farming techniques aim to deliver more food and fibre utilising less land, less water and less management effort. This approach to farming aims to create resilient landscapes which can cope with a variable climate whilst also delivering economic and environmental outcomes.


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Each spring, ice blocks drift down from the arctic into an area known as "Iceberg Alley," off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador.
One of the first massive icebergs of the season looks grounded in shallow water, just off the coast of Ferryland, Canada.
Ferryland Mayor Adrian Kavanagh told the Canadian Press it could stick around for a while. "It's the biggest one I ever seen around here," Kavanaugh said. "It's in so close that people can get a good photograph of it."
So far this season, there's been an unusually high number of icebergs. The Canadian Press reports that 616 have already moved into the North Atlantic shipping lanes compared to 687 by the late-September season's end last year.
Michael Mann, director of the Earth System Science Center at Pennsylvania State University, said it is possible climate change is leading to more icebergs in the shipping lanes, but wind patterns are also important.


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If yous excogitation to take in Dubai brand certain to add together the attractions in Burj Khalifa Tower to your listing of things yous must see. Standing at over 828 metres, this remarkable example of high tech architecture is the tallest edifice inwards the world. It is a world-class goal considered the masterpiece of downtown Dubai.
Records cite Dubai every bit far dorsum every bit 1095. The starting fourth dimension short town named Dubai town dates dorsum to 1799. Today, Dubai has developed into a world-class concern hub. The economic scheme was originally based on the crude industry, simply amongst the emirate's novel concern model major revenues are right away derived from existent estate, tourism as well as fiscal services.
Recently, Dubai has attracted globe recognition through diverse large structure developments as well as sporting events. However, this extra attending has highlighted human rights as well as labour issues faced yesteryear the largely Asian workforce.
The Tower
The Burj Khalifa Tower is located inwards the middle of Dubai. It is surrounded yesteryear luxury, v star hotels, fabulous shopping destinations as well as a broad multifariousness of amusement options. The tower houses Burj Khalifa residences, person residences, corporate offices, hotel guestrooms as well as suits, a 4 story fitness club, fine dining restaurants as well as an observation deck.
The Park
The pattern of the green was inspired yesteryear the unique Dubai Tower (Burj Khalifa) a triple-lobed shape. It spreads out over xi hectares featuring luscious greenery as well as spectacular H2O displays. The landscape includes 3 distinct areas which serve the 3 principal uses of the tower: hotels, residences as well as role spaces.
The 3 areas are linked yesteryear the pedestrian walkways as well as the tower. Visitors are welcomed amongst astonishing rock paving patterns at each entry. The principal entrance is encircled yesteryear a palm court, fantastic H2O features, opened upward dark-green spaces as well as a luscious wood grove above.
The Observation Deck
The Burj Khalifa Tower inwards Dubai has aroused to a greater extent than curiosity as well as intrigue than whatever other edifice inwards modern history. From the observation deck yous tin meet for yourself what it feels similar to hold upward at the overstep of the world.
Your take in begins at the reception area. From hither yous are guided through an amazing presentation chronicling the exotic history of Dubai as well as the fascinating story behind the Burj Khalifa aboard a 65 metre moving walkway, called a travelator. The travelator pauses briefly to scope yous a close-up sentiment of the amazing summit of Burj Khalifa.
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 super high speed elevate takes yous the balance of the agency to the top. As the elevate doors opened upward yous are greeted amongst flooring to ceiling drinking glass walls that offering a breath-taking, unobstructed sentiment of the city, the surrounding desert as well as the ocean. Read more
page source : http://bit.ly/29xLUT4
website : www.hormuztravel.com
posted yesteryear : Mohsin
Sumber https://httuae.blogspot.com


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Hai guys, welcome back. Today we're hanging out with our friend from way back, Justin Blackwell. He's a mechanic, an engineer, just an all-around what-do-you-need-done-it's-done kind of guy. We met here in Seattle, but since then he's moved to Kentucky. The accompanying photos are from his recent visit. Yay!
Do you consider yourself an artist?
I've never been considered an artist, but there is an art form to some of the things I do.
When was the last time you danced?
I guess last night would count as dancing since I was pretty well popping and locking to Bust A Move by Young MC. LOL
What was your favorite thing about living in Seattle?
My favorite thing about living in Seattle was the music scene and the diversity of people who I was able to meet on a regular basis. Made some damn good friends out there.
What is your favorite life advice / inspiring quote?
Stopped in
for provisions to visit Honeybee at Marketime.
Justin is the wild card character that you're always happy to have at hand. Whatever you do, don't ask him to smile for your camera, though. He will make this face. And he will hold it.
Thanks for kicking it with us for a minute. Friends are a blessing and we are some lucky Wrays. Want more? Meet our other friends. And subscribe for more Wrays of Sunshine.


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While we were on the PA trip with the Rockingham Male Chorus, I handed off the camera to someone and asked them to take a family picture.
It's been way too long since we did this.
A highlight each March is the Piano Festival, held at EMU. This year the three oldest played in it.
We actually arrived ahead of time and had to wait around a little until we could get into the Recital Hall.
Here Marie and Rachel are enjoying the outdoors in between recitals.
Paul and Hannah are enjoying books outdoors in between recitals. (Some of the recitals didn't take the entire hour, and we were able to move around a little during that time.)
Hannah earned a double superior rating for her solos and got to play in the Honors Recital Sunday evening and received a beautiful trophy.
Here are the Vogan family musicians!
The Vogan family musicians and their wonderful, patient teacher, Josh Bennetch.
I did take the kids over to the nice grand piano at our church today and recorded them playing their recital pieces. Now, to just get them from the video camera to the computer so I can post them…..


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The board of directors of E4 Carolinas reflects experience in generation, distribution, manufacturing, environmental, technology, workforce, Smart Grid, conservation, legal and management practices across the spectrum of energy disciplines. The network of people has reached influence leaders in the Carolinas, various state Capitols, our nation's Capitol and more than four dozen countries.
The board was assembled to ensure that the legal, financial, strategic and management facets of the E4 Carolinas organization have well-placed, knowledgeable people with experience in business, trade groups, higher education and nonprofits. Additionally, the board includes members who have served in the federal government and understand the goals and operations of the federal system.


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New Zealand
Cliff Edge by the Sea (Opua)
Price from £208 per room per night
Cliff Edge by the Sea Apartments offers luxury accommodation in 2 self contained apartments with magnificent, panoramic sea views. Located on top of a promontory, in a private native bush reserve, the apartments occupy the two lower levels of the multi-story cedar clad Cliff Edge complex. The décor throughout is light and airy, with warm earthy colours, lime washed panelling, wooden ceilings and comfortable high quality furnishings.
Cliff Edge by the Sea apartment guests are always welcome to dine at the nearby The Sanctuary at Bay of Islands which is under the same ownership and provides a gourmet dinner with wine on most evenings.
A 2 night minimum stay applies.
Apartment Facilities
large outdoor grounds and entertaining areas for the exclusive use of apartment guests, including three wooden decks, a grassed area, gas barbeque, spa, sauna, beach access, the use of a dinghy and fishing rods, and breathtaking views.
Room Facilities
One Bedroom Apartment - situated at the lower level of the main building occupies the width of the building (approx. 35sq metres) and has a King bed, en-suite bathroom, ceiling fan, TV, DVD, CD and private balcony with views down to the beach, lounge room with TV, DVD, CD and also incorporates a kitchenette with gas cook top, convection/microwave oven, fridge and dishwasher and has magnificent views across the bay towards Russell and Paihia.
Two Bedroom Apartment - formerly the owner's residence (approx. 140sq metres) has two King bedrooms, both with their own bathrooms, TV and DVD, private balcony; full gourmet kitchen, pantry stocked with dry goods, spices and condiments, open-plan dining and lounge with Sky TV, CD and DVD, phone, computer and broadband; ceiling fans in lounge and bedrooms; full laundry facilities and magnificent water views
Price Shown Above
Tui one bedroom apartment for 2 people including full breakfast provisions, daily service, fresh fruit and a selection of white and red table wines, beers and soft drinks
Two bedroom apartment


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Terror in Manchester
Arsonists attack Oldham mosque through letterbox
A mosque in Greater Manchester has been targeted by arsonists in a suspected race hate retaliatory attack.
The fire was started through the letterbox of the Jamia Qasmia Zahidia Islamic Centre in Oldham at about 2am yesterday, according to its imam Mohammad Saddiq.
"The door is completely burnt down," Mr Saddiq told Mail Online yesterday. "Thankfully nobody was inside."
He said that "very soon after" the fire was started, a member of the public was walking past and called the fire brigade.
He added: "We have no idea why somebody would target us. We are a religious and educational centre. I've been involved here for three years and never dealt with anything like this.
"People are upset. The police are looking at CCTV and investigators…


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We believe in taking the time to determine your family objective, philanthropy and impact goals, investment planning, estate and tax planning, and family governance and education. It is our job to ensure we meet and exceed your family objectives.
As an independent advisory firm, we have a team of professionals who serve the needs of our family office. From investment strategy and oversight to complete family advisory, our goal is to provide solutions to meet your long-term objectives.
We take the time to get to know your family, understand what investment source works for you, work together to determine your portfolio construction and measure and report the performance to you through the use of the best technology and reporting analysis program.


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Based on what I have told you so far, you may have gotten the impression that PMake is just a way of storing away commands and making sure you do not forget to compile something. Good. That is just what it is. However, the ways I have described have been inelegant, at best, and painful, at worst. This chapter contains things that make the writing of makefiles easier and the makefiles themselves shorter and easier to modify (and, occasionally, simpler). In this chapter, I assume you are somewhat more familiar with Sprite (or UNIX®, if that is what you are using) than I did in Chapter 2, just so you are on your toes. So without further ado...
As you know, a file's name consists of two parts: a base name, which gives some hint as to the contents of the file, and a suffix, which usually indicates the format of the file. Over the years, as UNIX has developed, naming conventions, with regard to suffixes, have also developed that have become almost as incontrovertible as Law. E.g. a file ending in .c is assumed to contain C source code; one with a .o suffix is assumed to be a compiled, relocatable object file that may be linked into any program; a file with a .ms suffix is usually a text file to be processed by Troff with the -ms macro package, and so on. One of the best aspects of both Make and PMake comes from their understanding of how the suffix of a file pertains to its contents and their ability to do things with a file based solely on its suffix. This ability comes from something known as a transformation rule. A transformation rule specifies how to change a file with one suffix into a file with another suffix.
A transformation rule looks much like a dependency line, except the target is made of two known suffixes stuck together. Suffixes are made known to PMake by placing them as sources on a dependency line whose target is the special target .SUFFIXES. E.g.:
.SUFFIXES : .o .c .c.o : $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $(.IMPSRC)
The creation script attached to the target is used to trans form a file with the first
suffix (in this case, .c) into a file with the second suffix
(here, .o). In addition, the target inherits whatever
attributes have been applied to the transformation rule. The simple rule given above says
that to transform a C source file into an object file, you compile it using cc with the
-c flag. This rule is
taken straight from the system makefile. Many transformation rules (and suffixes) are
defined there, and I refer you to it for more examples (type pmake
-h to find out where it is).
There are several things to note about the transformation rule given above:
The .IMPSRC variable. This variable is set to the "implied source" (the file from which the target is being created; the one with the first suffix), which, in this case, is the .c file.
The CFLAGS variable. Almost all of the transformation rules in
the system makefile are set up using variables that you can alter in your makefile to
tailor the rule to your needs. In this case, if you want all your C files to be compiled
with the
-g flag, to provide information for dbx, you would
set the CFLAGS variable to contain
(CFLAGS = -g) and PMake would take
care of the rest.
To give you a quick example, the makefile in Section 2.3.4 could be changed to this:
OBJS = a.o b.o c.o program : $(OBJS) $(CC) -o $(.TARGET) $(.ALLSRC) $(OBJS) : defs.h
The transformation rule I gave above takes the place of the 6 lines [1]:
a.o : a.c cc -c a.c b.o : b.c cc -c b.c c.o : c.c cc -c c.c
Now you may be wondering about the dependency between the .o and .c files - it is not mentioned anywhere in the new makefile. This is because it is not needed: one of the effects of applying a transformation rule is the target comes to depend on the implied source. That's why it is called the implied source.
For a more detailed example. Say you have a makefile like this:
a.out : a.o b.o $(CC) $(.ALLSRC)
and a directory set up like this:
total 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 deboor 34 Sep 7 00:43 Makefile -rw-rw-r-- 1 deboor 119 Oct 3 19:39 a.c -rw-rw-r-- 1 deboor 201 Sep 7 00:43 a.o -rw-rw-r-- 1 deboor 69 Sep 7 00:43 b.c
While just typing pmake will do the right thing, it is much more informative to type pmake -d s. This will show you what PMake is up to as it processes the files. In this case, PMake prints the following:
Suff_FindDeps (a.out) using existing source a.o applying .o -> .out to "a.o" Suff_FindDeps (a.o) trying a.c...got it applying .c -> .o to "a.c" Suff_FindDeps (b.o) trying b.c...got it applying .c -> .o to "b.c" Suff_FindDeps (a.c) trying a.y...not there trying a.l...not there trying a.c,v...not there trying a.y,v...not there trying a.l,v...not there Suff_FindDeps (b.c) trying b.y...not there trying b.l...not there trying b.c,v...not there trying b.y,v...not there trying b.l,v...not there --- a.o --- cc -c a.c --- b.o --- cc -c b.c --- a.out --- cc a.o b.o
Suff_FindDeps is the name of a function in PMake that is called to check for implied sources for a target using transformation rules. The transformations it tries are, naturally enough, limited to the ones that have been defined (a transformation may be defined multiple times, by the way, but only the most recent one will be used). You will notice, however, that there is a definite order to the suffixes that are tried. This order is set by the relative positions of the suffixes on the .SUFFIXES line - the earlier a suffix appears, the earlier it is checked as the source of a transformation. Once a suffix has been defined, the only way to change its position in the pecking order is to remove all the suffixes (by having a .SUFFIXES dependency line with no sources) and redefine them in the order you want. (Previously-defined transformation rules will be automatically redefined as the suffixes they involve are re-entered.) Another way to affect the search order is to make the dependency explicit. In the above example, a.out depends on a.o and b.o. Since a transformation exists from .o to .out, PMake uses that, as indicated by the using existing source a.o message.
The search for a transformation starts from the suffix of the target and continues through all the defined transformations, in the order dictated by the suffix ranking, until an existing file with the same base (the target name minus the suffix and any leading directories) is found. At that point, one or more transformation rules will have been found to change the one existing file into the target.
For example, ignoring what's in the system makefile for now, say you have a makefile like this:
.SUFFIXES : .out .o .c .y .l .l.c : lex $(.IMPSRC) mv lex.yy.c $(.TARGET) .y.c : yacc $(.IMPSRC) mv y.tab.c $(.TARGET) .c.o : cc -c $(.IMPSRC) .o.out : cc -o $(.TARGET) $(.IMPSRC)
and the single file jive.l. If you were to type pmake -rd ms jive.out, you would get the following output for jive.out:
Suff_FindDeps (jive.out) trying jive.o...not there trying jive.c...not there trying jive.y...not there trying jive.l...got it applying .l -> .c to "jive.l" applying .c -> .o to "jive.c" applying .o -> .out to "jive.o"
and this is why: PMake starts with the target jive.out, figures out its suffix (.out) and looks for things i t can transform to a .out file. In this case, it only finds .o, so it looks for the file jive.o. It fails to find it, so it looks for transformations into a .o file. Again it has only one choice: .c. So it looks for jive.c and, as you know, fails to find it. At this point it has two choices: it can create the .c file from either a .y file or a .l file. Since .y came first on the .SUFFIXES line, it checks for jive.y first, but can not find it, so it looks for jive.l and, lo and behold, there it is. At this point, it has defined a transformation path as follows:
.l -> .c -> .o -> .out
and applies the transformation rules accordingly. For completeness, and to give you a better idea of what PMake actually did with this three-step transformation, this is what PMake printed for the rest of the process:
Suff_FindDeps (jive.o) using existing source jive.c applying .c -> .o to "jive.c" Suff_FindDeps (jive.c) using existing source jive.l applying .l -> .c to "jive.l" Suff_FindDeps (jive.l) Examining jive.l...modified 17:16:01 Oct 4, 1987...up-to-date Examining jive.c...non-existent...out-of-date --- jive.c --- lex jive.l ... meaningless lex output deleted ... mv lex.yy.c jive.c Examining jive.o...non-existent...out-of-date --- jive.o --- cc -c jive.c Examining jive.out...non-existent...out-of-date --- jive.out --- cc -o jive.out jive.o
One final question remains: what does PMake do with targets that have no known suffix? PMake simply pretends it actually has a known suffix and searches for transformations accordingly. The suffix it chooses is the source for the .NULL target mentioned later. In the system makefile, .out is chosen as the "null suffix" because most people use PMake to create programs. You are, however, free and welcome to change it to a suffix of your own choosing. The null suffix is ignored, however, when PMake is in compatibility mode (see Chapter 4).
This is also somewhat cleaner, I think, than the dynamic source solution presented in Section 2.6.
This, and other documents, can be downloaded from ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/.
For questions about FreeBSD, read the documentation before contacting <firstname.lastname@example.com>.
For questions about this documentation, e-mail <firstname.lastname@example.com>.


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Tap to Read ➤
Outdoor Cat Houses
Parul Solanki
Sep 30, 2018
Outdoor houses provide your cat with its own private space to relax while also giving it the freedom of the outdoor space. Read on to know more about outdoor pet houses.
Outdoor cat houses with heat insulation, lightweight, and sturdy designs make for great abodes for your feline friends. If you have cats and kittens which roam around the neighborhood, then cat houses provide a safe and comfortable place for them to spend the night and laze around in the day.
Most of the cat houses are built of material like cedar and plastic which are sturdy and easy to clean and maintain. Cedar is a good insulator against pests, such as ticks and fleas, which might irritate your pet.
These houses are available in a number of designs which can range from custom-crafted cedar wood cat apartment, duplex, or even a super deluxe kitty condo. Available online and in pet shops, these cat houses need to be assembled.
So if you want your cat to have her very own luxurious home, here are some things you need to keep in mind while purchasing the cat house.
How to Buy an Outdoor Cat House
Material of the Outdoor Pet Houses
The material of the outdoor pet houses can either be wood or plastic.
The most common type of wood used for pet houses is cedar, which is quite popular for its durability, sturdiness, and resistance to decay. Moreover, the natural cedar wood repels ticks, termites, and fleas.
The wood has natural protective oils that make it weather resistant and capable of withstanding harsh weather conditions like sun, cold, and precipitation. Wood stains helps to retain the durability of these houses.
Although not as durable as the wooden ones, plastic outdoor cat houses have a number of advantages. These cat houses are lightweight and extremely easy to clean, unlike their wooden counterparts. Moreover, they are warm and cozy, with innovative designs and a range of colors.
Design of The Cat House
There is no dearth of the design ideas when choosing cat houses. Similar to innovative dog kennels, you can have houses for your feline friends with multiple bedrooms, double, and triple stories.
Some cat houses are designed to resemble a Swiss Chalet. Houses for multiple cats feature separate compartments for the cats and even a porch and a deck in some cases. Raised platforms are also a common feature of the cat houses. This helps keep the fleas, ticks, and other insects away from the cat houses.
The choice of the cat house and design also depends on whether you want a luxuriant house for your kitties or are housing the feral cats from around the neighborhood.
Optional Features for Cat Houses
Outdoor houses need weatherproofing and insulation inserts during the winter. Optional heated pads are one of the safest and best ways of providing your cats with a nice, cozy, and warm environment, even in extremely cold weather conditions.
Moreover, they are quite energy efficient and require the energy of just one light bulb. These heat pads are great for the elderly cats and those which are nursing. Do not opt for large heating pads that cover the entire floor, but choose ones which cover half the floor size.
This way the cats get to stay off the pad completely or partially if they want to. In addition to the heat pads, you can also opt for pet mats which are comfortable and cozy, while also having the advantages of being dust free, antifungal, and hypoallergenic.
Outdoor houses for your cats, in a range of shapes and designs, are available online at really affordable prices. Moreover, your local pet store is sure to have these pet houses that you can purchase and even have them assembled.
If you are purchasing the house online, be ready to shell out some hefty shipping charges. To top it all, you will have to assemble the cat house yourself. Alternately, you can also choose to build cat enclosures that would safely contain your cat in your own backyard.
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People have complex relationships to the buildings and structures they live in and around. The spaces we inhabit bear witness to not only extraordinary events, but also regular life.
As the Redcliffe Art Gallery anticipates a new location in 2020, Built Forms explores other important landmarks and buildings we interact with. Drawn entirely from Moreton Bay Regional Council's Art Collection, Built Forms considers our human connections to the home, the neighbourhood and the holiday spot.
This exhibition will also provide a sneak peek at the new Redcliffe Art Gallery space before it opens to the public in 2020.
Exhibition developed by Moreton Bay Regional Council.
Image credit: Elizabeth Lawrence, My castle, 2007, (detail) oil on canvas. Moreton Bay Regional Council Art Collection.
Redcliffe Art Gallery, 470/476 Oxley Ave, Redcliffe QLD 4020


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Coleman Taylor designs and hand-paints its artisanal fabrics in a small, neatly-kept historic cottage in Montgomery, Alabama. The company was founded in 2012 by Jan Hale and Crystal Walker who desired to produce fine textiles on a small and personal scale, honoring the Southern tradition of exceptional handmade goods and warm hospitality.
Disclaimer - Coleman Taylor Textiles attempts to accurately convey correct color, but due to the limitations of desktop scanners, digital cameras, and the relative inconsistencies of various display monitors, the colors and other elements you see on your screen may not be an accurate representation. Screen images are intended as a guide only and should not be regarded as absolute. Please request samples before ordering.


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A house undergoes foreclosure when the homeowner is no longer able to make mortgage payments on the property. Typically, the foreclosure process is put into action by a money lender when a homeowner has failed to make at least three consecutive payments. The process can range from sixty days to two years to be finalised, but once finalised it is exceedingly damaging to the credit history of the homeowner owner and can prevent him or her from purchasing on credit for a long period.
Once the property has become foreclosed, it is placed for sale at a repossessed houses auction and the lender is able to recover the debt for any outstanding amounts owed by the homeowner. The most common buyers at these auctions are property investors or home buyers looking to purchase cheaper properties. While purchasing a foreclosed house may seem simple, it does present with some issues and there are several methods that can be followed for an effective purchase. This article will discuss the different methods of buying foreclosed houses for sale Congleton.
The first method that can be used when purchasing foreclosed houses for sale congleton is the pre-foreclosure phase. This is a complicated process and any investor or buyer would need to do research on the property. The method involves finding out where the houses for sale are in pre-foreclosure, trying to negotiate with a homeowner, finding out what liens are on the property, inspecting the house and calculating all the costs to make an offer to the lender and the owner. An owner can negotiate a short sale with the lender in this phase and can find a buyer to benefit their sale.
The second method is known as the foreclosure of the mortgage. This is where houses are sold via auction. Many of the properties are purchased by a lender to become their property, but investors and home buyers will also opt for these sale alternatives. As with the pre-foreclosure phase, foreclosure of the mortgage requires preparation and research.
The third method is buying the houses for sale Congleton once they are officially foreclosed and are the property of the bank. This is by far the simplest method of purchasing a house in the foreclosure market as all the preparation has been done beforehand. It is also the least risky, particularly for new investors, and many bargains can be found in this arena.
Irrespective of the method you choose to purchase homes in the foreclosure market, preparation and research are the key to success. By doing homework, you can find yourself the ideal home at a good price.