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RemoteApp Tool
As I was working with a Remote Desktop Session Host the other day, and creating some RemoteApps (more on that in a post shortly), I came across an interesting utility from Kim Knight, the RemoteApp Tool . It makes it possible to do some interesting things with RemoteApps, including creating .msi files to deploy them. But what interested me the most was that it allows you to have RemoteApps from Windows clients! The clients must be Enterprise editions (or equivalent in earlier versions), and this does not get around the single console user limitations of Windows client, but it's a perfect solution for users who have multiple computers they use and do not want to have to buy multiple copies of specialized software. Or set up a full RD Session Host just for their home environment! The program is free-ware, appears to work well, and solves several problems with managing RemoteApps for SOHO or SMB environments. Recommended!
Creating VPNs
First, an apology. I usually try to be conscientious about adding new nuggets of PowerShell fun on a regular basis, but this winter, LIFE has intruded, and it simply hasn't happened. I won't promise it won't happen again, but I will try to do better.
Today's post looks at a problem we've been dealing with at work -- how to pre-configure new laptops with the VPN access they'll need for users to get logged in, even when they're not ever in an office to set themselves up. There are lots of different workarounds and solutions, but what we came up with was a PowerShell script that would create one or more VPNs programmatically. We take advantage of the Invoke-WebRequest cmdlet I discussed earlier to pull down an updated set of parameters for the available VPNs, allowing us to separate the code from the data, useful for providing some protection against changes -- we only have to update one file.
The command to create a new VPN connection is: Add-VPNConnection, and it comes with a plethora of parameters, most of which you'll never need. But as always, good to have them when you need them. For our purposes, we needed to specify the VPN type (-TunnelType), the authentication method, and an initial pre-shared key for L2TP. We also wanted the ability to use the same script for individual user profile VPNs, and to control whether the VPN used a split tunnel. (Normally, we configure for split tunneling.) The basic command is:
Add-VpnConnection -Name <ConnectionName> ` -ServerAddress <IP Address of VPN Server> ` -TunnelType L2TP ` -L2tpPsk <somereallylongandoddstring> ` -AuthenticationMethod MSChapv2 ` -AllUserConnection ` -SplitTunneling ` -PassThru
So, we know we're going to need a name for the connection, and IP address, and the L2TP PSK for each connection. The easy way is to stuff that into a CSV file and store it up in the cloud where all the IT staff can get at it from whatever location we're in. So we need to read the contents of a file, probably stored in the cloud, and, using a foreach statement, iterate the Add-VPNConnection command once for each line of the CSV file to create VPNs to all of the VPNs listed in the CSV file. Pretty simple, really. The annoying part is that we have to repeat ourselves doing this to handle the values of the AllUserConnection and SplitTunneling switches in the Add-VPNConnection command. If they were Booleans, it would be a bit less messy.
<# .Synopsis Creates one or more VPNs. Uses a CSV file stored in OneDrive for Business .Description New-myVPN reads a list of VPNs and their parameters from a CSV file stored in OneDrive for Business, and creates one or more VPNs based on that list. The created VPNs can be configured as AllUser VPNs, or only for the current user (the default). The VPNs are created as Split-Tunnel VPNs unless the NoSplitVPN parameter is specified. .Example New-myVPN Reads the default VPN.csv file and creates vpns using the details in that file to create VPNs as split-Tunnel VPNs available to all users. .Example New-myVPN -NoSplitVPN -AllUserConnection $False Reads the default VPN.csv file and creates new VPNs using the details in that file. The VPNs are created in the current user's profile, and are not created as split VPNs .Parameter Path Path to CSV file. The CSV file is in the format: Name,ServerAddress,L2tpPsk. The default path is to a file called VPN.csv, stored in a folder called Private, in the current user's OneDrive for Business. .Parameter AllUserConnection Boolean -- default is $True. When True, VPNs are created as an AllUserConnection and are available to all users on the computer. When False, VPNs are created in the current user's profile and are only available to the user after logon. .Parameter NoSplitTunnel Switch -- VPNs are created as SplitTunnel VPNs unless this switch is enabled. A SplitTunnel VPN sends all regular traffic to the main network interface, but sends traffic to hosts connected via the VPN to the VPN. When this switch is set, all traffic outside of the local subnet is sent over the VPN connection. .Inputs [string] [Boolean] [Switch] .Notes Author: Charlie Russel Copyright: 2018 by Charlie Russel : Permission to use is granted but attribution is appreciated Initial: 13 March, 2018 (cpr) ModHist: : #> [CmdletBinding()] Param( [Parameter(Mandatory=$False,Position=0)] [string] $Path = (Get-ItemProperty 'HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\OneDrive\Accounts\Business1').UserFolder + "\private\vpn.csv", [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [Boolean] $AllUserConnection, [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)] [Switch] $NoSplitTunnel ) if ($Path -match "http") { # We're connecting to the web to get the parameters Write-Verbose "Found a match against $Matches[0], so using WebRequest" $vpnParams = ConvertFrom-CSV (Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $Path ).ToString() } else { # We're going against a local path Write-Verbose "Reading from a local file $path" $vpnParams = ConvertFrom-CSV (Get-Content $Path) } $vpncount = $vpnParams.count if (($AllUserConnection) -AND (! $NoSplitTunnel)) { Write-Verbose "Creating $vpn.count AllUser VPNs using parameters in $path and split-tunneling" ForEach ($param in $vpnParams) { Add-VpnConnection -Name $param.Name ` -ServerAddress $param.ServerAddress ` -TunnelType L2TP ` -L2tpPsk $param.L2tpPsk ` -AuthenticationMethod MSChapv2 ` -EncryptionLevel Optional ` -AllUserConnection ` -SplitTunneling ` -Force ` -PassThru } } elseif (($AllUserConnection) -AND ($NoSplitTunnel)) { Write-Verbose "Creating $vpncount AllUser VPNs using parameters in $path and no split-tunneling" ForEach ($param in $vpnParams) { Add-VpnConnection -Name $param.Name ` -ServerAddress $param.ServerAddress ` -TunnelType L2TP ` -L2tpPsk $param.L2tpPsk ` -AuthenticationMethod MSChapv2 ` -EncryptionLevel Optional ` -AllUserConnection ` -Force ` -PassThru } } elseif ($NoSplitTunnel) { Write-Verbose "Creating $vpncount current user VPNs using parameters in $path and no split-tunneling" ForEach ($param in $vpnParams) { Add-VpnConnection -Name $param.Name ` -ServerAddress $param.ServerAddress ` -TunnelType L2TP ` -L2tpPsk $param.L2tpPsk ` -AuthenticationMethod MSChapv2 ` -EncryptionLevel Optional ` -Force ` -PassThru } } else { Write-Verbose "Creating $vpncount current user VPNs using parameters in $path and split-tunneling" ForEach ($param in $vpnParams) { Add-VpnConnection -Name $param.Name ` -ServerAddress $param.ServerAddress ` -TunnelType L2TP ` -L2tpPsk $param.L2tpPsk ` -AuthenticationMethod MSChapv2 ` -EncryptionLevel Optional ` -SplitTunneling ` -Force ` -PassThru } }
PowerShell Syntax Highlighting
With Windows 10 / Server 2016, PowerShell got command-line syntax highlighting. And what a difference that makes! With syntax highlighting, it's easier to see a mistyped line of code as you make the mistake. Combined with intelligent tab-completion, my errors/command ratio is way, way down.
Many of the same advantages accrued to readers of this blog -- by having syntax highlighting turned on, it was easier to follow the logic of the scripts and commands I posted here. Unfortunately, the tool we were using for that has 'issues', and hasn't been actively developed or updated in several years. Reluctantly, the overall Site Admins for msmvps.com (who are GODDESSES and loved beyond belief!) have had to remove that plugin. It just had too many problems and with no active development, little chance they'd get fixed. The result? All the code on this site is now plain text ugly. :(
ETA: Fixed. Mivhak to the rescue. It's not perfect, but a huge improvement over nothing. And it looks like it's easily customizable, so I might do some tweaking to improve contrast without going to a dark theme.
But wait! There's hope! We think we've identified a solution that we can use, and that is still being actively maintained. It supports PowerShell, and it supports WordPress Multi-site. Both absolute requirements. The plug in is being actively tested while they continue the work of cleaning up the mess that the previous plugin created. Unfortunately, however, it will require me to go in and edit every single post that includes PowerShell code to enable the new plugin for that code. That process will take time. I'll start with some of the most recent, and the most popular, and slowly work my way through them.
ETA: Whew! Mivhak is smart enough to recognize all my posts that had PRE tags and automatically syntax highlight them as PowerShell. That saves a BUNCH of work.
Until we have a confirmed solution, and I've had time to go in and edit each post, I'm afraid you'll have to do it the hard way. Copy and paste the code into the syntax highlighting editor of your choice. And, speaking of which, have you tried Visual Studio Code? This is a slick, new, FREE, editor that supports easy customization, has full IntelliSense support(!!), and even has a plugin to enable Vi mode editing! How cool is that?! I've been playing around with it a lot lately, and I'm almost ready to switch from my beloved gVim.
Resizing the PowerShell Console
Windows 10's support for high DPI displays is much better than previous iterations of Windows, but there are still some times it gets a bit confused. One such problem occurs when you have multiple high DPI displays or two displays of different sizes. If you move PowerShell console windows between displays or log back in after being logged out for a while, you can end up with a scrunched up PowerShell window. Nothing I had to deal with when all I had was a pair of standard FullHD monitors, but ever since I got my Surface Book, and connected it to a 28 inch 4k monitor, I've had periodic problems. Very annoying when your PowerShell window changes to 37 characters wide and 7 lines long!
The fix is to reset the window size. Now I can do this graphically (right click on the title bar, select Properties, and then the Layout tab), but that's a nuisance at best, and besides, the whole idea of using the GUI to fix a console just isn't right. The answer is to leverage the built-in $host variable:
$host | Get-Member TypeName: System.Management.Automation.Internal.Host.InternalHost Name MemberType Definition ---- ---------- ---------- EnterNestedPrompt Method void EnterNestedPrompt() Equals Method bool Equals(System.Object obj) ExitNestedPrompt Method void ExitNestedPrompt() GetHashCode Method int GetHashCode() GetType Method type GetType() NotifyBeginApplication Method void NotifyBeginApplication() NotifyEndApplication Method void NotifyEndApplication() PopRunspace Method void PopRunspace(), void IHostSupportsInteractiveSession.PopRunspace() PushRunspace Method void PushRunspace(runspace runspace), void IHostSupportsInteractiveSession.PushRunspace(runspace runspace) SetShouldExit Method void SetShouldExit(int exitCode) ToString Method string ToString() CurrentCulture Property cultureinfo CurrentCulture {get;} CurrentUICulture Property cultureinfo CurrentUICulture {get;} DebuggerEnabled Property bool DebuggerEnabled {get;set;} InstanceId Property guid InstanceId {get;} IsRunspacePushed Property bool IsRunspacePushed {get;} Name Property string Name {get;} PrivateData Property psobject PrivateData {get;} Runspace Property runspace Runspace {get;} UI Property System.Management.Automation.Host.PSHostUserInterface UI {get;} Version Property version Version {get;}
OK, there's some interesting bits there, but the one that looks most promising is UI. So:
$host.UI | Get-Member TypeName: System.Management.Automation.Internal.Host.InternalHostUserInterface Name MemberType Definition ---- ---------- ---------- Equals Method bool Equals(System.Object obj) GetHashCode Method int GetHashCode() GetType Method type GetType() Prompt Method System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary[string,psobject] Prompt(string caption, string message, System.Collection... PromptForChoice Method int PromptForChoice(string caption, string message, System.Collections.ObjectModel.Collection[System.Management... PromptForCredential Method pscredential PromptForCredential(string caption, string message, string userName, string targetName), pscredent... ReadLine Method string ReadLine() ReadLineAsSecureString Method securestring ReadLineAsSecureString() ToString Method string ToString() Write Method void Write(string value), void Write(System.ConsoleColor foregroundColor, System.ConsoleColor backgroundColor, ... WriteDebugLine Method void WriteDebugLine(string message) WriteErrorLine Method void WriteErrorLine(string value) WriteInformation Method void WriteInformation(System.Management.Automation.InformationRecord record) WriteLine Method void WriteLine(), void WriteLine(string value), void WriteLine(System.ConsoleColor foregroundColor, System.Cons... WriteProgress Method void WriteProgress(long sourceId, System.Management.Automation.ProgressRecord record) WriteVerboseLine Method void WriteVerboseLine(string message) WriteWarningLine Method void WriteWarningLine(string message) RawUI Property System.Management.Automation.Host.PSHostRawUserInterface RawUI {get;} SupportsVirtualTerminal Property bool SupportsVirtualTerminal {get;}
Hmmm. Even more interesting stuff. I can tell I'm going to be doing some poking around in here! But, for our purposes, let's take a look at RawUI.
That looks the most promising:
$host.UI.RawUI | Get-Member TypeName: System.Management.Automation.Internal.Host.InternalHostRawUserInterface Name MemberType Definition ---- ---------- ---------- Equals Method bool Equals(System.Object obj) FlushInputBuffer Method void FlushInputBuffer() GetBufferContents Method System.Management.Automation.Host.BufferCell[,] GetBufferContents(System.Management.Automation.Host.Rectangle r) GetHashCode Method int GetHashCode() GetType Method type GetType() LengthInBufferCells Method int LengthInBufferCells(string str), int LengthInBufferCells(string str, int offset), int LengthInBufferCells(cha... NewBufferCellArray Method System.Management.Automation.Host.BufferCell[,] NewBufferCellArray(string[] contents, System.ConsoleColor foregro... ReadKey Method System.Management.Automation.Host.KeyInfo ReadKey(System.Management.Automation.Host.ReadKeyOptions options), Syst... ScrollBufferContents Method void ScrollBufferContents(System.Management.Automation.Host.Rectangle source, System.Management.Automation.Host.C... SetBufferContents Method void SetBufferContents(System.Management.Automation.Host.Coordinates origin, System.Management.Automation.Host.Bu... ToString Method string ToString() BackgroundColor Property System.ConsoleColor BackgroundColor {get;set;} BufferSize Property System.Management.Automation.Host.Size BufferSize {get;set;} CursorPosition Property System.Management.Automation.Host.Coordinates CursorPosition {get;set;} CursorSize Property int CursorSize {get;set;} ForegroundColor Property System.ConsoleColor ForegroundColor {get;set;} KeyAvailable Property bool KeyAvailable {get;} MaxPhysicalWindowSize Property System.Management.Automation.Host.Size MaxPhysicalWindowSize {get;} MaxWindowSize Property System.Management.Automation.Host.Size MaxWindowSize {get;} WindowPosition Property System.Management.Automation.Host.Coordinates WindowPosition {get;set;} WindowSize Property System.Management.Automation.Host.Size WindowSize {get;set;} WindowTitle Property string WindowTitle {get;set;}
BINGO! I see BufferSize and WindowSize, and I know from the GUI Properties page that those are the relevant settings, but just to verify:
$host.UI.RawUI.BufferSize | Get-Member TypeName: System.Management.Automation.Host.Size Name MemberType Definition ---- ---------- ---------- Equals Method bool Equals(System.Object obj) GetHashCode Method int GetHashCode() GetType Method type GetType() ToString Method string ToString() Height Property int Height {get;set;} Width Property int Width {get;set;} $host.UI.RawUI.WindowSize | Get-Member TypeName: System.Management.Automation.Host.Size Name MemberType Definition ---- ---------- ---------- Equals Method bool Equals(System.Object obj) GetHashCode Method int GetHashCode() GetType Method type GetType() ToString Method string ToString() Height Property int Height {get;set;} Width Property int Width {get;set;}
And there we have it. Both of them can be retrieved and set. So, I came up with a little script, Set-myConSize, that lets me restore the window to its default size, or set it to a new size if I'm doing something that needs a bit of window size tweaking.
<# .Synopsis Resets the size of the current console window .Description Set-myConSize resets the size of the current console window. By default, it sets the windows to a height of 40 lines, with a 3000 line buffer, and sets the the width and width buffer to 120 characters. .Example Set-myConSize Restores the console window to 120x40 .Example Set-myConSize -Height 30 -Width 180 Changes the current console to a height of 30 lines and a width of 180 characters. .Parameter Height The number of lines to which to set the current console. The default is 40 lines. .Parameter Width The number of characters to which to set the current console. Default is 120. Also sets the buffer to the same value .Inputs [int] [int] .Notes Author: Charlie Russel Copyright: 2017 by Charlie Russel : Permission to use is granted but attribution is appreciated Initial: 28 April, 2017 (cpr) ModHist: : #> [CmdletBinding()] Param( [Parameter(Mandatory=$False,Position=0)] [int] $Height = 40, [Parameter(Mandatory=$False,Position=1)] [int] $Width = 120 ) $Console = $host.ui.rawui $Buffer = $Console.BufferSize $ConSize = $Console.WindowSize # If the Buffer is wider than the new console setting, first reduce the buffer, then do the resize If ($Buffer.Width -gt $Width ) { $ConSize.Width = $Width $Console.WindowSize = $ConSize } $Buffer.Width = $Width $ConSize.Width = $Width $Buffer.Height = 3000 $Console.BufferSize = $Buffer $ConSize = $Console.WindowSize $ConSize.Width = $Width $ConSize.Height = $Height $Console.WindowSize = $ConSize
One quick comment on this script -- you can't set the BufferSize to smaller than the current WindowSize. With a Height buffer set to 3,000, that's not likely to be a problem, but if you don't want scroll bars on the bottom of your console windows (and you do NOT, trust me!), then you need the console WindowSize.Width to be the same as the BufferSize.Width. So if your reducing, you need to change the WindowSize first, then you can reduce the BufferSize. If you're increasing width, you need to do the buffer first.
Finally, I set an alias in my $Profile:
Set-Alias -Name Resize -Value Set-myConSize
Getting the Free Disk Space of Remote Computers Revisited
Several years ago, I wrote a fairly simplistic script to get the free disk space of remote computers. It wasn't all that sophisticated, but it got the job that I needed done, so I shared it here on my blog, since I thought others might find it useful. Which, based on the number of hits here, and the comments, they did. However, based on some of those comments, it had a problem for some users.
The problem was that I used Write-Host in it. That was fine for me, because I only used it to write to my screen. But it's a bad practice to be using Write-Host unless you really need to manipulate screen colours. The reason it's a bad practice is that it prevents any sort of redirection! This meant that those users who wanted to capture the result of the script in a file were horked, because Write-Host will ALWAYS write to ( ... wait for it... )
The Host. You can't redirect it. The fix, of course, is easy -- use Write-Object instead, which is what I should have done in the first place.
While I was in the process of making that change, I thought it would be nice to add in a basic Get-Help page for it, which was trivial. But then it occurred to me that I really should let it handle pipeline input, allowing me to use other PowerShell commands to select the group of machines I wanted the free disk space on, and then pipe that result directly to Get-myFreeSpace.
Seemed like a good idea, but it turned out I had to almost completely rewrite the script to use the Begin{}/Process{}/End{} syntax. Accepting pipeline input is not as simple as just saying you do in the Parameter statement, you need to actually process that input. The result is the new, improved version of Get-myFreeSpace.ps1 shown below. (If you care about how I got to this script in the first place, do check out the original post, here. There's some useful information there about the whole process. )
<# .Synopsis Gets the disk utilization of one or more computers .Description Get-myFreeSpace queries an array of remote computers and returns a nicely formatted display of their current disk utilization and free space. The output can be redirected to a file or other output option using standard redirection. .Example Get-myFreeSpace Gets the disk utilization and free space of all drives on the local host. .Example Get-myFreeSpace -ComputerName Server1,Server2 Gets the disk utilization and free space of all drives on the Server1 and Server2 .Example (Get-VM -Name "*server*" | Where State -eq 'Running' ).Name | Get-myFreeSpace PS C:\>(Get-VM -Name "*server*" | Where-Object {$_.State -eq 'Running').Name | Get-myFreeSpace Gets a list of running VMs with Server in their name, and passes it to Get-myFreeSpace to process for their current disk utilization. The first version of this example uses PowerShell v5 syntax, while the second version uses the older syntax that works on earlier versions. .Parameter ComputerName An array of computer names from which you want the disk utilization .Inputs [string[]] .Notes Author: Charlie Russel Copyright: 2017 by Charlie Russel : Permission to use is granted but attribution is appreciated Initial: 26 Nov, 2014 (cpr) ModHist: 29 Sep, 2016 -- Changed default to array of localhost (cpr) : 18 Apr, 2017 -- Changed to use Write-Output,accept Pipeline,added man page, (cpr) : #> [CmdletBinding()] Param( [Parameter(Mandatory=$False,Position=0,` ValueFromPipeline=$True,` ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True,` ValueFromRemainingArguments=$True)] [alias("Name","Computer")] [string[]] $ComputerName = @("localhost") ) Begin { if ($Input) { $ComputerName = @($Input) } Write-Output "" # Save ErrorActionPreference so we can reset it when we're done $eap = $ErrorActionPreference } Process { $ErrorActionPreference = 'SilentlyContinue' ForEach ( $Computer in $ComputerName ) { Write-Output "Disk Utilization for Computer $Computer is: " Get-WmiObject -ComputerName $Computer -Class Win32_Volume ` | Format-Table -auto ` @{Label="Drive";` Expression={$_.DriveLetter};` Align="Right"},` @{Label="Free(GB)";` Expression={"{0:N0}" -f ($_.FreeSpace/1GB)};` Align="Right"},` @{Label="% Free";` Expression={"{0:P0}" -f ($_.FreeSpace / $_.Capacity)};` Align="Right"},` @{Label="Size(GB)";` Expression={"{0:N0}" -f ($_.Capacity / 1GB)};` Align="Right"},` @{Label="Volume Label";` Expression={$_.Label};` Width=25} } #EndForEach } #EndProcessBlock End { # Reset ErrorActionPreference to original value $ErrorActionPreference = $eap }
And there you have it. A new and improved version of one of the most popular scripts I've ever posted here. You can use it to get the disk utilization on your current machine, or any list of remote computers to which you have the rights to run WMI against.
I hope you find this script useful, and I'd love to hear comments, suggestions for improvements, or bug reports as appropriate. As always, if you use this script as the basis for your own work, please respect my copyright and provide appropriate attribution.
PowerShell: Get-Credential from a file
If you routinely have to log into a separate domain, it can be a nuisance to always have to run Get-Credential. Plus writing scripts with a -Credential parameter is a nuisance because if you call Get-Credential in the script, it will always prompt you.
I run a separate lab network here, with an Active Directory domain of TreyResearch.net. I got tired of always having scripts prompt me for credentials, or even more annoying, have routine PowerShell commands against computers in the lab fail because I didn't have credentials for that domain. The answer is pretty simple -- first, I stored my password securely in a file with:
Read-Host -AsSecureString ` | ConvertFrom-SecureString ` | Out-File $Home\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\TCred.txt
Now, I can use that password to create a PSCredential object that I can pass into a script.
$tPW = Get-Content $home\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\TCred.txt ` | ConvertTo-SecureString $tCred = New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ` -ArgumentList "TreyResearch\Charlie",$tPW
Because of the way SecureString works, and how Windows encrypts and decrypts objects, this password can only be read from the account that created it. Now, if I want to add a -Credential parameter to my scripts, I use the following:
[CmdletBinding()] Param([Parameter(Mandatory=$false,ValueFromPipeLine=$True)] [PSCredential] $Credential = $NULL ) if ( $Credential ) { $tCred = $Credential } else { $tPW = Get-Content $home\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\TCred.txt ` | ConvertTo-SecureString $tCred = New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ` -ArgumentList "TreyResearch\Charlie",$tPW }
ETA: if you create a script for this, you'll need to "dot source" the script to add the credential to your environment, but you can use that script in the pipeline to insert a credential into the pipeline. Or, add the relevant lines into your $Profile, and the credential is then available in your environment.
Starting a PowerShell window as a Domain Admin
If you run as a limited user on your own desktop, as you should, it's useful to keep a separate PowerShell window open as the Domain Administrator. I give that window a nice dark red background so I know instantly that I'm in a powerful window and to be appropriately careful. But how can I actually start a window as a different account, and using Run As Administrator? Ah, so glad you asked.
$AdminCred = Get-Credential -UserName "TreyResearch\domainadmin" ` -Message "Enter your password for the DomainAdmin account:" Start-Process PowerShell.exe -Credential $AdminCred ` -ArgumentList "Start-Process PowerShell.exe -Verb RunAs" ` -NoNewWindow
Save this as "Start-myAdmin.ps1" or equivalent and it's always available. The nice thing about using Start-Process with the NoNewWindow parameter is that it doesn't leave a spare window open. Try it. It will make it just that much easier to run as a limited user with no administrative rights, even on your own workstation. And really, when you have the power to be a domain admin, you really, really, really shouldn't run any other way.
Starting PowerShell Automatically – Revisited
A few months ago, I posted a quick blog on how I set PowerShell to start automatically when I log in. Well, it occurred to me that I should extend that to show you how I set the console window parameters so that my PowerShell windows are the right size and font, since on all my systems I use the same basic settings (except for my Surface Book with the 4K addon monitor -- my old eyes need a bit bigger on that, so I adjusted the values accordingly.)
The function I use to set the console size, font and font weight is: (FontSize here translates to 18 point on my FullHD systems)
Function Set-myDefaultFont () { $64bit = "HKCU:\Console\%SystemRoot%_System32_WindowsPowerShell_v1.0_powershell.exe" $Default = "HKCU:\Console" Set-ItemProperty -Path $Default -Name FaceName -Value "Consolas" Set-ItemProperty -Path $Default -Name FontSize -Type DWord -Value 0x00120000 Set-ItemProperty -Path $Default -Name FontWeight -Type DWord -Value 0x000002bc Set-ItemProperty -Path $Default -Name FontFamily -Type DWord -Value 0x00000036 Set-ItemProperty -Path $Default -Name QuickEdit -Type DWord -Value 0x00000001 Set-ItemProperty -Path $64bit -Name FaceName -Value "Consolas" Set-ItemProperty -Path $64bit -Name FontSize -Type DWord -Value 0x00120000 Set-ItemProperty -Path $64bit -Name FontWeight -Type DWord -Value 0x000002bc Set-ItemProperty -Path $64bit -Name FontFamily -Type DWord -Value 0x00000036 Set-ItemProperty -Path $64bit -Name QuickEdit -Type DWord -Value 0x00000001 }
That's all there is to it. I've added this function to the Set-myPowerShellStart.ps1 script, and I call that whenever I create or log onto a new system. If you prefer different sizes or a different font, simply change the values to match what you need. For example, if you want a 16 point font, try a value of 0x00100000.
ETA: Fixed value of FontSize.
Setting Console Colours
As I described in my previous post, I always open both an admin and non-admin PowerShell window when I log on to a computer. To tell the two apart, I set the background colour of the Admin window to dark red, with white text, and the non-admin window to a white background with dark blue text. The result is clearly and immediately different, warning me when I'm running as an administrator. To do that, I use the following:
$id = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent() $p = New-Object system.security.principal.windowsprincipal($id) # Find out if we're running as admin (IsInRole). # If we are, set $Admin = $True. if ($p.IsInRole([System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)){ $Admin = $True } else { $Admin = $False } if ($Admin) { $effectivename = "Administrator" $host.UI.RawUI.Backgroundcolor="DarkRed" $host.UI.RawUI.Foregroundcolor="White" clear-host } else { $effectivename = $id.name $host.UI.RawUI.Backgroundcolor="White" $host.UI.RawUI.Foregroundcolor="DarkBlue" clear-host }
That works great for older versions of the Windows PowerShell console, but starting with PowerShell v5, that can have an unintended side effect. In PowerShell v5, we now have PSReadLine that does context sensitive colouration of the command line. But the default PowerShell console has a dark blue background, with white text. And when I changed the background colour of my non-admin PowerShell window to white, it gets a little hard to read!! So, to fix that, I use Set-PSReadLineOption to change the various kinds of context sensitive colour changes to something that works with a light background. We don't want to do that for the dark red background of the Admin window, so we'll need to check which colour we are and adjust accordingly.
First, get the current colour:
$pData = (Get-Host).PrivateData $curForeground = [console]::ForegroundColor $curBackground = [console]::BackgroundColor
You'll only want to configure the context sensitive colouring options if you're running on Windows 10 or Server 2016. Prior versions of Windows didn't have the new system console that comes with Windows 10. So you'll want to check that the build number is > 10240
$Build = (Get-WmiObject Win32_OperatingSystem).BuildNumber
If $Build -ge 10240, then set the various context sensitive tokens to work with the colour we have.
# PowerShell v5 uses PSReadLineOptions to do syntax highlighting. # Base the color scheme on the background color If ( $curBackground -eq "White" ) { Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind None -ForegroundColor DarkBlue -BackgroundColor White Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Comment -ForegroundColor DarkGray -BackgroundColor White Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Keyword -ForegroundColor DarkGreen -BackgroundColor White Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind String -ForegroundColor Blue -BackgroundColor White Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Operator -ForegroundColor Black -BackgroundColor White Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Variable -ForegroundColor DarkCyan -BackgroundColor White Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Command -ForegroundColor DarkRed -BackgroundColor White Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Parameter -ForegroundColor DarkGray -BackgroundColor White Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Type -ForegroundColor DarkGray -BackgroundColor White Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Number -ForegroundColor Red -BackgroundColor White Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Member -ForegroundColor DarkBlue -BackgroundColor White $pData.ErrorForegroundColor = "Red" $pData.ErrorBackgroundColor = "Gray" $pData.WarningForegroundColor = "DarkMagenta" $pData.WarningBackgroundColor = "White" $pData.VerboseForegroundColor = "DarkYellow" $pData.VerboseBackgroundColor = "DarkCyan" } elseif ($curBackground -eq "DarkRed") { Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind None -ForegroundColor White -BackgroundColor DarkRed Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Comment -ForegroundColor Gray -BackgroundColor DarkRed Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Keyword -ForegroundColor Yellow -BackgroundColor DarkRed Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind String -ForegroundColor Cyan -BackgroundColor DarkRed Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Operator -ForegroundColor White -BackgroundColor DarkRed Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Variable -ForegroundColor Green -BackgroundColor DarkRed Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Command -ForegroundColor White -BackgroundColor DarkRed Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Parameter -ForegroundColor Gray -BackgroundColor DarkRed Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Type -ForegroundColor Magenta -BackgroundColor DarkRed Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Number -ForegroundColor Yellow -BackgroundColor DarkRed Set-PSReadLineOption -TokenKind Member -ForegroundColor White -BackgroundColor DarkRed $pData.ErrorForegroundColor = "Yellow" $pData.ErrorBackgroundColor = "DarkRed" $pData.WarningForegroundColor = "Magenta" $pData.WarningBackgroundColor = "DarkRed" $pData.VerboseForegroundColor = "Cyan" $pData.VerboseBackgroundColor = "DarkRed" } }
Finally, let's make sure that console window is the right size, and while we're at it, set the window title. (This is a workaround for a PITA bug in recent builds of Windows 10/Server 2016 that seems to have problems setting the console window size and keeping it!)
$host.ui.rawui.WindowTitle = $effectivename + "@" + $HostName +" >" $Host.UI.RawUI.WindowSize = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.Size(120,40)
Now, with all of this, you have effective, context-sensitive, command-line colouring of your PowerShell windows.
ETA: The Console as we know it is completely broken in recent builds of Windows 10. As of August, 2018, you can't effectively set the background color of the console and have it stick, plus they completely changed the behaviour of Set-PSReadlineOption by changing the parameters, and removing support for -TokenKind with FG/BG colors to totally break this script. Sigh.
Clearing the Archive Attribute Bit
I use a whole set of PowerShell scripts to create my lab environment when I'm working on a book or article. The master scripts all reside in a Build directory on my labhost. The problem is that when something goes wonky, or I need to tweak a script to do something a bit different, I'm usually working from the lab client, not the host. What I don't want to do is lose any changes I've made if I blow away a client (which happens fairly often in a lab!) So I try to remember to copy the change up to the master Build directory. But that's not 100%, so I wanted a quick way to copy only the changed files back up to the host. The easy way to do it should be using the filesystem's Archive attribute bit, but it turns out Windows PowerShell is just plain brain-dead about how it handles file attributes. You have to resort to binary ANDs and binary XORs to manipulate them. Well, that's just not fun. So, having spent the time to get it working, I thought I'd just share the script I use to clear the Archive attribute for one or many files. Enjoy.
<# .Synopsis Clears the archive bit on a set of files .Description Clear-myArchiveBit returns a list of files whose archive bit is set to on, and resets them to off. This is command supports the -Recurse parameter. .Example Clear-myArchiveBit *.ps1 This command clears the archive bits of all ps1 files in the current directory .Example Clear-myArchiveBit *.ps1 -Path $home\psbin -recurse This command clears the archive bit of all PS1 files in the $home\psbin directory, and all subdirectories of $home\psbin. .Parameter Filter The filename filter to use. Aliases are Name and Filename. Default is *. .Parameter Path The path to the files to be changed. Default is ".". .Parameter Recurse If specified, the change is made to the Path and all subdirectories of the Path. .Inputs [string] [string] [switch] .Notes Author: Charlie Russel Copyright: 2016 by Charlie Russel : Permission to use is granted but attribution is appreciated Initial: 16 May, 2016 (cpr) ModHist: : #> [CmdletBinding()] Param( [Parameter(Mandatory=$False,ValueFromPipeline=$True,Position=0)] [alias("Name","Filename")] [string]$Filter = "*", [Parameter(Mandatory=$false,ValueFromPipeline=$false,Position=1)] [string]$Path = ".", [Parameter(Mandatory=$false,ValueFromPipeline=$false)] [switch]$Recurse ) Write-Verbose "Clearing the Archive bit on $filter in $path" # This is how we'll XOR the bit when we get to that. $Archive = [io.fileattributes]::Archive # First, get all the files whose Archive bit is currently set. if ($Recurse) { $chgdFiles = Get-ChildItem -Filter $Filter -Path $path -Recurse ` | Where {$_.mode -match "a" } } else { $chgdFiles = Get-ChildItem -Filter $Filter -Path $path ` | Where {$_.mode -match "a" } } # Now, we clear the bit on those files using a binary XOR. ForEach ($file in $chgdFiles ) { Set-ItemProperty -Path $file.FullName ` -Name Attributes ` -Value ((Get-ItemProperty $file.FullName).Attributes ` -bXOR $Archive ) } Write-Verbose "The following files have had their Archive attribute cleared: " Write-Verbose "" $chgdFiles | Write-Verbose


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These continue to be exciting and challenging times for nonprofit organizations. There is increased understanding among nonprofit leaders about the importance of strategic thinking and planning. The practice of planning itself continues to evolve – and improve. Here are some of the important developments:
Accelerated Strategic Planning: Most nonprofits don't need to be sold on the value of strategic planning and thinking. At the same time, leaders have no patience for a process that goes on too long. The key is designing a process that gives adequate attention to information gathering and analysis and identification of critical strategic issues, involvement of key stakeholders, and the formulation of strategies and action plans that effectively address identified issues – and at the same time, making the most effective use of the valuable time of the leadership. Related to the theme of accelerated planning, is the growing interest in planning tools and approaches that facilitate just-in-time strategy development on an ongoing basis – a rapid response to new developments and emerging market opportunities that can't wait for a formal strategic planning process. See the publication that everyone is raving about (and rightly so) The Nonprofit Strategy Revolution by David La Piana.
Collaborative Approaches to Strategic Planning: Nonprofits are showing new interest in collaborative strategic planning efforts in which the focus is on a shared customer/constituent base or pressing community issue rather than development of a strategic plan for their organization alone. Examples of this approach include several youth and family serving organizations developing a collaborative strategic plan to offer new services to children with special needs in a region or neighborhood development groups of the needs board effective strategic planning focusing on affordable housing in city neighborhoods. Such a collaborative approach to strategic planning that involves multiple perspectives can lay the groundwork for new cross sector partnerships that will increase the impact of a nonprofit in the future. For many nonprofits – even those who see the importance of planning collaboratively – this will require a commitment to build capacity to engage in such a planning approach. Here's a recent news account that describes one such collaborative approach to strategic planning involving the Healthy Communities Coalition and Lyon County Human Services near Reno Nevada.
Reviewing Program Design With Theory Of Change: Strategic planning can also be an opportunity to examine the basic approach being used by an organization to achieve mission impact. The terms "business model" and "theory of change" are terms increasingly in use. We can stimulate fresh strategic thinking by posing questions like: "What are our basic beliefs, assumptions, or paradigms about how things work in our part of the world – our service area, our region, our profession or field of endeavor "What are the root causes of the problem or issue our organization seeks to address?" "Does the organization base its work on a coherent theory of change? "What is that theory of change?" "Is it working?". For more information about theory of change, go to: http://www.theoryofchange.org/index.html. The site introduces a process for developing a theory of change, gives examples of this process, and tackles several interesting advanced topics on putting the process into practice. Be sure to take a look at Theory Of Change As A Tool For Strategic Planning and Making Sense: Reviewing Program Design with Theory of Change.
Strategic Planning as an Opportunity for Board Leadership Development: The board of directors, as one of the clearest expressions of its governance responsibility, needs to play a leadership role in strategic planning. Sometimes, executive directors, concerned that the planning process can invite micromanaging on the part of the board, will seek to limit involvement of the board in strategic planning. The concern is understandable but if the board is already operating from a clear understanding of its roles and responsiblities, this is less likely to be a problem. Terrie Temkin, a consultant to nonprofit organizations, has written a series of excellent articles highlighting the role of the board as strategic thinkers. Some of them are listed here: Recruiting Strategic Thinkers, Orienting Board Members to their Responsibilities as Strategic Thinkers and Structuring Board Meetings to Maximize Strategic Thinking Boards.
Wednesday, May 14, 2008
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Coming to Seattle and LA
I'm looking forward to spending the next two weekends in the Western part of our country as we offer The Leaders Table and The Green Room in Seattle, February 1 and 2, and in Los Angeles, February 8 and 9. The Friday event, The Leaders Table, for arts and worship pastors and leaders will be an intimate, interactive day of coaching where we can stretch one another's leadership skills and talk about the hard stuff arts leaders face in ministry. I always look forward to those days, because inevitably I learn something new and I leave inspired myself. It's so important for us to know we are not alone in ministry, and to figure out how we can more effectively lead artists, guide the creative process, work with our senior pastors, and manage our own lives in a healthy way.
Then on the Saturday Green Room events, we'll include volunteer and staff church artists from many churches for a day designed to ground us in vision and core values for arts teams. Together we will explore why creativity, authenticity, relevance, and excellence matter so much in what we prepare for Sunday mornings. I will teach using some video highlight moments from Willow. The host churches – Timberlake Christian Fellowship in Seattle, and ROCKHARBOR in Costa Mesa – will lead us in a time of worship. Whenever church artists can be led by others and not have to concern themselves with any of the details, it's truly a gift!
Outside of time with my family, there are few things I enjoy more than the privilege of spending a day with church arts leaders and their teams. It's not too late for anyone to register, for either the Friday or Saturday event, or both. Just go to the website at: www.willowcreek.org/worshiparts . I'd love to meet you in Seattle or Los Angeles!...
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Tech of the Year 2015 – Smartphones
Here's the Tech of the Year 2015 Smartphone Edition from YouTube technology blogger Jonathan Morrison. Did your favorite make it?
Yes it's true, the Nexus 6P is awesome. The fingerprint reader is amazing and stock Android has finally caught up to Samsung and Apple.
Tech of the Year 2015 – Smartphones
From YouTube:
2015 was an amazing year for smartphones but the 3 which stole the show for me were the Nexus 6P, iPhone 6s Plus and Moto X Pure!
Press play to watch the video below.


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Publication Date: Oct 13, 2009
240 pp
List Price US $23.95
List Price US $15.99
If you wanted to buy a top-quality condom in prewar Germany, you bought Fromms Act, the first brand name condom and still a leading brand in the German market. The man behind this "pure German quality product" was Julius Fromm, a Jewish entrepreneur who had immigrated from Russia as a child. Fromm was in the right place at the right time: he patented Fromms Act in 1916, when the combination of changing sexual mores, awareness of sexual health, and the lack of reliable prophylactics meant a market primed for his product. In 1922 he began mass production and opened international branches. Sixteen years later, after building the brand into a best seller and the company into a model business, he was forced to sell Fromms Act for a fraction of its worth to a German baroness. In 1939 he emigrated to London.
Aly and Sontheimer trace Fromm's rise and fall, illuminating the ways Jewish businesses like his were Aryanized under the Nazis. Through the biography of this businessman and the story of his unusual and fabulously successful company, we learn the fascinating history of the first branded condoms in Germany and the sexual culture that allowed them to thrive, the heretofore undocumented machinations by which the Nazis robbed German-Jewish families of their businesses, and the tragedy of a man whose great love for the adopted country that first allowed him to succeed was betrayed by its government and his fellow citizens.
This captivating account offers a wealth of detail and a fresh array of photographic documentation, and adds a striking new dimension to our understanding of this dark period in German history.
Excerpt from Fromms
The condom gained popularity after World War I began, not only in Germany, but throughout Europe and the United States. Venereal disease epidemics had been causing problems for army leadership even in peacetime, and during this period of modern mass warfare, conventional morality loosened and infection rates shot up. In the German infantry, the number of soldiers infected with syphilis or gonorrhea increased by 25 percent, and in the occupying forces the rate rose by 100 percent.
The leadership of all armies involved in the war extolled abstinence as a soldierly virtue while acknowledging the reality of the situation. In order to maintain some control over prostitution, they set up soldiers' brothels. Behind the frontlines, existing establishments were often taken over and expanded. Near the main battlegrounds, medical service personnel improvised basic field brothels. Many of these dreary facilities made the use of condoms
mandatory. A German military doctor in the Warsaw area who was given orders to open a "brothel for the members of formations that came marching through" reported in his memoirs: "The entry fee for officers was three marks; for soldiers, one mark. The price included a condom and a voucher to hand to the girl."
In most cases the brothels for officers were kept strictly separate from those for the rank and file. The upscale bordellos featured signs announcing: "Entry forbidden to dogs and enlisted men!" Ordinary soldiers were required first to display their genitals to Neumann, the legendary medical corporal, and then to register, before joining one of the lines in front of the brothels for enlisted men. The officers were spared any inspection, and consequently the percentage of men infected with venereal disease was markedly higher in this group. Before long there was a shortage of condoms. It is no coincidence that 1916 was the year that Fromms Act began its ascent as a modern industrial enterprise.
"Aly and Sontheimer meticulously follow the story of [the Fromm family]….With Fromms, we see a little-known history of a family which would otherwise be forgotten. With a sense of compassion, the authors try to set the record straight, writing, 'Julius Fromm had fallen prey to the robbers. These were not a bunch of bandits in the bushes, however, but a state and its citizens.'" —Chicago Sun-Times
"Condoms, sex, Judaism, not to mention scandal, salaciousness, and socialism…all chronicled in the new book Fromms: How Julius Fromm's Condom Empire Fell to the Nazis… it's hard to deny that Julius Fromm is still a captivating and fascinating footnote in Holocaust history that deserves his own story." —The Daily Beast
"Few German Jews possessed more in material wealth than the entrepreneur Julius Fromm…Fromms: How Julius Fromm's Condom Empire Fell to the Nazis…tell[s] how Fromm became a household name, and how his company was commandeered by the Nazi regime." —The Chronicle of Higher Education
"The condom–that lowly, indispensable, and still hotly contested object–is not only one of the great inventions of all time but also provides a crucial clue to the ultimately devastating triangular relationship between Jews, Christians, and Nazis in 1930s Germany. This riveting, brilliant little book offers profound new insights into the tangled mess of gentile greed, corruption, anti-Semitism, and ambivalence about sexual freedoms that explains so much about the Third Reich's rise and murderous trajectory." —Dagmar Herzog, author of Sex in Crisis: The New Sexual Revolution and the Future of American Politics
"Serious, ironic, sarcastic, with a deep moral outrage that shines through every page, and does not need to be made explicit through sermonizing. The book traces the history of an East European Jewish family that became German in language, culture, and outlook, and that built a manufacturing empire producing condoms, a salacious detail that makes it possible for Aly and Sontheimer to be provocative, forthright, and convincing. Fromm was serious, responsible, full of social ideals, and at the same time an excellent entrepreneur who looked after his workers well. The slow liquidation of his possessions and establishments by the Nazis is described in well-researched detail. But the second part of the book is no less impressive: it follows, in painful detail, the way postwar German governments in both German states cheated, lied, and prevaricated toward Fromm's heirs, in order to not pay out the restitution that the family quite clearly was entitled to. The book deals with Jews, and with German society before, during, and after the Nazi period. A gem of a book." —Yehuda Bauer, Professor of Holocaust Studies, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1. The Fromms Act company was so successful that "Fromms" had become the word everyone in Germany used to refer to condoms, comparable to the way "Kleenex" is often used today to refer to tissues. What were the factors contributing to Julius Fromms's tremendous success in this business?
2. In his attempt to attain German citizenship Julius Fromm stated that he was "devoted to my second homeland, and for me, a return to Russia would be worse than death." (Page 36) He had such faith in the German people he believed he would be able to return to Germany to recreate his business or receive full restitution after the war. Why do you think his feeling for the German identity was so strong?
3. Julius Fromm chose the architects Arthur Korn and Siegfried Weitzman to design and build his factory. How did the modern vision of these men fit with Fromm's values and ideas about the ideal conditions both for workers and the creation of his high-quality products? (Pages 53-63)
4. As a businessman above all, Fromm initially ignored the Nazi threat and "even welcomed" (Page 64) as protection having the two directors of his company become members of the Nazi Party. Directors Berthold Viert and Karl Lewis assured their employer, "Herr Fromm, we don't mean you. You're an exception." (Page 65) Why do you think the directors made that choice?
5. By the end of 1937, Fromm finally faced the fact that he would have to leave Germany and sell his business, losing almost everything. This instance of the massive theft of Jewish property involved Hermann Goring, known for his "pleasure in amassing grand manors" and "reveling in historical kitsch." (Page 81) How do you view his role in the takeover of Fromms Act?
6. How did the British react to the arrival of Jewish immigrants and the Fromms in particular? What aspects of the British behavior during the war does the story of the "Dunera affair" reveal? Were you surprised by this?
7. The heirs of Julius Fromm worked to receive restitution for the large-scale theft of their father's company. How did the German communists fight against this? As countless Jewish families were affected by the enormous theft by the Nazis, do you believe the pursuit of restitution by any one family can have an important symbolic value?
8. Edgar Fromm, Julius's youngest son, said, "I felt rather sorry for most Germans after the war. They went along with their holy Fuhrer and paid such a heavy price for having done so." His sister Ruth also said, "I do not hate the Germans. Even so, I no longer think of myself as German, although I did grow up in Berlin." (Page 151) What do you think about their feelings about the Germans and being German? How do you imagine you would feel in similar circumstances?
9. The life and career of Max Fromm, Julius's actor son, was shaped by the war and by his marriage to a French woman. He said toward the end of his life,"When all is said and done, I have accomplished very little." (Page 149) Nevertheless, do you think during the war he showed some of the strength of character his father exhibited?
10. Raymond Fromm, one of Julius's grandchildren, states that he knew relatively few details about his forebears' past, as it was too painful both for his parents to talk about their experiences during the war and for his generation to think about what had happened before they were born. Do you agree with him that it is important and valuable to learn about this past, however traumatic?


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ITB Congress Workshop on China's Outbound Tourism focuses on intra-Asian mobility development
COTRI China Outbound Tourism Research Institute attracts important panelists to Berlin
"Data and developments of the international tourism generated in Asia with a focus on China and other Asian BRIC countries" is the title of a panel discussion organised by COTRI China Outbound Tourism Research Institute as part of the ITB Berlin Congress. The event will take place on Wednesday, March 5th, 2014, from 13.00 – 13.45 in Hall 4.1, Rosenheim Room at the Berlin Fair Ground.
Asia is responsible for one quarter of all international travel; China with almost 100 border crossings in 2013 again topped the list of international tourism source markets. However reliable data and substantial analyses are hard to come by. Two new initiatives centered on Chinese outbound tourism, the strongest motor of the Asian tourism development, provide substantial information and far-reaching insights. Both will be presented at the COTRI panel during ITB Berlin:
The first initiative is "The Asia Outbound Market Report", a project led by Innovasia and Thammasat University (Bangkok), Japan Tourism Marketing (Tokyo), Korea Association of Travel Agents (Seoul) and COTRI China Outbound Tourism Research Institute (Heide/Beijing) that concentrates on intra-Asian mobility.
The second new offer is named "Global Destination Brand (GDB)". It focuses on the international travel behaviour of BRIC citizens, the inhabitants of Brazil, Russia, India and China and is organised by the IMT Institute for Management and Tourism and by COTRI. GDB provides the opportunity to compare and rank destinations according to familiarity, popularity and previous and future travel intentions.
The panel participants are:
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Georg Arlt (COTRI) (Chair), Prof. Jaume Guia (INSETUR, Spain), Prof. Kevin Hannam (Leeds Met, UK) and Mrs. Sabrina Seeler M.A. (Institute for Management and Tourism, Germany)
13.00-13.05 Arlt: Introduction: Current situation of available data for tourism generated in Asia
13.05-13.15 Arlt: Asia Outbound Market Report - A new initiative by Innovasia, JTM, KOTA and COTRI to provide better information on tourism generated in Asia
13.15-13.25 Hannam: Example India: Inbound and outbound tourism from/to China and other Asian countries
13.25-13.35 Seeler: Global Destination Brand - A new initiative by IMT and COTRI to provide better information on tourism generated in BRIC countries
13.35-13.45 Panel discussion and Q&A from audience
As COTRI's Director Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Georg Arlt, who will chair the panel, points out: "Tourism to and from Asia, but also within Asia, is still under-researched und not well understood. We are proud to be part of two initiatives which try to change the situation both from an academic point of view but also from a practical market research perspective. Asia will remain the locomotive for global tourism development, the better we all understand what is happening in Asia, the better for everybody."


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An inspirational story of how one young man in a city with little opportunity, found his joy through throwing a yo-yo and is now creating a team. Check it out.
More Harmony
In October of this year, we moved our office to Harmony Road in Myersville Maryland. You can find our new mailing address on the Contact Us page. Our ropes course at the Claggett Center where we hold all of our team building events is in the same place as always. Harmony… its something our world […]
Music and Team Building
Everyday at work, I usually turn on music. Usually the music volume is kept low. It plays in the background like in an elevator or at a Maryland grocery store. My criteria for picking out a playlist at work is to find happy music. Music that's infectious that keeps a smile on the face and the […]
No Limitations
As a former Royal Air Force military personnel I feel a sense of pride when I read the story about a group of former service members who are also amputees crossing the Atlantic in a row boat. The Talisker Whiskey Atlantic Challenge is a 3,000 mile rowing challenge. The route is from San Sebastian in […]
Dramatic Video You Have to See
This is an amazing video. Théo Sanson completed this 500 meter walk in Utah between The Rectory to Castleton Tower in Castle Valley. The landscape is breathtaking and his daring is beyond anything we have at the Upward Enterprises ropes course.
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FOR RELEASE: July 4, 2014
Bravo! Vail contact:Lisa Mallory 970-827-4310, [email protected]
Dallas Symphony Orchestra contact:Denise McGovern (214) 871-4024, [email protected]
Dallas Symphony Orchestra's Summer Residencies at Bravo! Vail To Include Radio Broadcasts, Education and Community Engagement Collaborations, and Chamber Music, in Addition to Outdoor Concerts
Bravo! Vail and the Dallas Symphony Orchestra today jointly announced a three-year extension of the Orchestra's annual summer residency from 2016 to 2018. The current contract expires in 2015. The Dallas Symphony had initially performed at Bravo! Vail from the summers of 2000-2006, and, after a brief two-year absence, returned in 2009 under the direction of their new music director, Jaap van Zweden.
"We are delighted to announce the extension of the Dallas Symphony Orchestra's residency at Bravo! Vail through the summer of 2018," said James W. Palermo, president & executive director, Bravo! Vail. "One of the great partnerships between an orchestra and its music director surely has to be that of the Dallas Symphony Orchestra and Jaap van Zweden. Their chemistry is extraordinary and our Vail audiences respond enthusiastically to it."
"Jaap van Zweden and I are thrilled to continue the Dallas Symphony's relationship with Bravo! Vail," said Jonathan Martin, President and CEO of the Dallas Symphony Orchestra. "We see Vail as an extension of our home season in Dallas and an important part of our artistic profile nationally. The DSO enjoys a close connection with the audiences and patrons of Bravo! Vail, and we enjoy making great music for these strong supporters. We appreciate Jim Palermo and Artistic Director Anne-Marie McDermott's enthusiasm for our orchestra and applaud them for the wonderful festival that continues to grow each year."
"One of my greatest joys since becoming the Artistic Director of Bravo! Vail is working with the Dallas Symphony Orchestra and the incredible Maestro Jaap van Zweden" said Bravo! Vail Artistic Director Anne-Marie McDermott. "The DSO is one of the most versatile orchestras in the country. Bravo! Vail audiences have been treated to unforgettable performances of such epic scores as Mahler's Sixth Symphony and Bruckner's Eighth Symphony, alongside evenings like "The Cotton Club," and "Swingin' with Curtis Stigers," under the direction of the amazing Jeff Tyzik. Our plans for the future are well underway and in every aspect more and more exciting. I am thrilled about the ongoing collaboration between the DSO and Bravo!Vail- Maestro Van Zweden and the DSO players continue to inspire our audiences through their breathtaking performances."
In addition to giving concerts at the Gerald R. Ford Amphitheater in Vail, the Dallas Symphony Orchestra residency activities currently include a statewide concert broadcast on Colorado Public Radio. Other radio, digital, and online projects are under discussion for the next residency. Dallas Symphony musicians will also be invited to deepen their engagement in the community through appearances at a variety of concerts, including Bravo! Vail's acclaimed chamber music series and community concerts.
Since the very first residency in Vail, the hallmark of the Dallas Symphony Orchestra has been a unique variety of interesting, thought provoking, and enjoyable programs. Maestro van Zweden has worked with all three Bravo! Vail artistic directors as soloists – violinist Ida Kavafian, flutist Eugenia Zukerman, and pianist Anne-Marie McDermott – along with an impressive roster of both world-renowned and emerging soloists. That roster includes pianists Garrick Ohlsson, Alessio Bax, Stephen Hough, Orion Weiss, Inon Barnatan, and Orli Shaham, violinists Nadja Salerno-Sonnenberg and James Ehnes, vocalist Matthias Goerne and cellist Alisa Weilerstein.
The Dallas Symphony Orchestra finished its 2014 residency in a flurry of patriotic splendor July 4, under the direction of Principal Pops Conductor Jeff Tyzik, celebrating Independence Day. The Orchestra's residency featured six outdoor concerts at Vail's Gerald R. Ford Amphitheater that began on June 27. The program this summer further demonstrated the interesting and artistically stimulating programs van Zweden and his musicians bring to Vail. Beethoven's monumental Symphony No. 9, the music of Liszt, Ravel, Faure, Copland, and Barber, jazz classics from the American Songbook, Hollywood Film Scores, and a Patriotic Concert demonstrate the versatility and discipline of this ensemble.
About Bravo! VailBravo! Vail, one of North America's premier summer music festivals, brings world-renowned musicians to picturesque venues throughout Eagle County, Colorado for six weeks each summer, drawing music lovers from around the world. The only festival in North America to host three of the world's finest orchestras in a single season, Bravo! Vail celebrates its 27th season June 27 through August 2, 2014, under the direction of Artistic Director Anne-Marie McDermott and President & Executive Director James W. Palermo. The 2014 season features residencies by the Dallas Symphony Orchestra, The Philadelphia Orchestra, and the New York Philharmonic, with celebrated concerto artists plus a wide array of stellar chamber music performances. For more information about Bravo! Vail visit bravovail.org or call 970.827.5700.
How to Purchase TicketsAll tickets for the 27th Season of Bravo! Vail are now on sale. Purchase tickets online at bravovail.org or by calling the box office at 877.812.5700.
Bravo! Vail Media Contact:Lisa Mallory, 970.827.4310, [email protected]
About the Dallas Symphony OrchestraThe Dallas Symphony Orchestra, under the leadership of Music Director Jaap van Zweden, presents the finest in orchestral music at the Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center in Dallas, regarded as one of the world's premier concert halls, and around the world. As the largest performing arts organization in the Southwest, DSO is committed to inspiring the broadest possible audience with distinctive classical programs, inventive pops concerts and innovative multi-media presentations. In fulfilling its commitment to the community, the orchestra reaches more than 230,000 adults and children through performances, educational programs and community outreach initiatives. A European Tour in March 2013 elevated the orchestra to national and international prominence. The DSO's involvement with the City of Dallas and the surrounding region includes an award-winning multi-faceted educational program, community projects, popular parks concerts and youth programming. The DSO has a tradition dating back to 1900, and it is a cornerstone of the unique, 68 acre Arts District in downtown Dallas that is home to multiple performing arts venues, museums and parks; the largest district of its kind in the nation.
Dallas Symphony Orchestra Media Contact:Denise McGovern, [email protected], 214.871.4024
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Valentine's Day is just around the corner! Don't forget to share mementos of your favorite park with that special person. Lawn Green Earrings are $40 and the Meet Me in Bryant Park Envelope Pendant is $30. Either piece is a great addition to an everyday outfit, or a special way to dress up for a special night out.
Order by February 4 for delivery by Valentine's Day.
Bryant Park Shop
Open daily, 24/7


text: Advertisement Advertisement News PICTURES: Langley explosive ordnance disposal unit Mar 10, 2010 | 4:23 PM Local unit trains for deployment overseas where they'll deal with unexploded ordnance of all types. These photographs were taken in 2008 by Daily Press senior photographer Adrin Snider. Next Gallery PHOTOS New Hampton Kroger opens on Mercury Blvd. PHOTOS Hilton beach drainage project and beach improvements Advertisement News News Continental giant bunny "Junior" passed away in November Angela "Max" Maxwell feeds a rescued red fox named Shio at her home in Newport News Wednesday January 8, 2020. Maxwell's world famous continental giant rabbit Junior passed away back in November. Junior served as an animal ambassador for her exotic animal shelter The Bunny Hutch. By Rob Ostermaier Jan 8, 2020 Hampton Roads Academy's new Lower School building opened Living Museum's Noon Year's Eve Celebration 2019 Daily Press Decade in Review Gallery New Career: Firefighter training in Newport News TNCC president John Dever retirement ceremony Christopher Newport University Fine Arts Center Gloucester County Second Amendment Sanctuary Advertisement


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Opens 10/1/2017
Welcome to The Nightmare Event website!
The Nightmare Event is a yearly event for the month of October where creators get together to bring you the scariest Halloween walk through possible! The walk through is completed with obstacles, characters, and a hunt for prizes! And don't forget about the vendors where some of our favorite creators will be displaying new and awesome Halloween items!
Keep up to date with what's going on!
Join the Group!


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"Everything has been put online. Each file can be tracked. I do not know why they are accusing me of sitting on files and demanding money,'' he said.
But the forum hit back with another complaint on Monday, addressed to municipal commissioner Ajoy Mehta and other senior civic officials. The letter said Metkar's "explanatory remarks'' are a "complete eyewash and made solely to cover up his misdeeds''.
"Mr Chandrakant Metkar has not uttered a word about the main issue about bribes sought from every developer for clearing proposals which are of an approval nature. He has cleverly tried to shift blame on developers concerned to create an escape route…'' said the forum. The officer has rejected corruption charges against him.
Last week, Metkar wrote to his superiors that some files were sent back to architects as modifications sought were rejected, as they were not allowed under Development Control (DC) rules. The proposals pertained to redevelopment of buildings in Matunga and Parsi Colony in Dadar. "The proposals were incorrectly submitted and did not have clearances from various authorities. Hence, they were referred back to their architects,'' civic sources said.
Meanwhile, the Brihanmumbai Municipal Engineers' Union has come out in support of Metkar. "The basic reason of this complaint is to pressure municipal officers to approve proposals not in confirmation with rules and regulations by levelling allegations,'' it said, and added, "We strongly condemn these tactics to malign the image of municipal engineers."
The union said BMC's 'Ease of Doing Business' policy has become a "hurdle for few developers, who take advantage of the loopholes in the system''.
As reported by TOI last week, the World Bank's 2017 report on 'Dealing with Construction Permits' ranks India 185th out of 189 countries. The report says it takes 27 steps and 162 days to obtain a construction permit in Greater Mumbai. It adds that the cost of construction permit in the city is 46.05% of the total cost of construction.


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Borderless House is a multicultural community share house.
We don't offer just a house to live in with affordable rent, but a globally connected community space for both foreigners and Koreans.
We maintain a well balanced local national and foreign national tenant ratio in each house like half Non-Koreans and half Koreans,
as well as adjusting the ratio of Westerners to Asians to create a balanced community.
Borderless House Seoul is looking for a person with responsibility and hospitality
who can reply to emails mainly in English. Also, viral marketing on our social media, Facebook and Instagram update regularly.
Part time or full time (Working visa can be sponsored) are both ok.
Korean or other language ability are preferred but not the essential point for this position.
You can check about our house via the link below.
Our job as Share House Manager are;
●Managing 24 International Share Houses in central Seoul
●Caring tenants for moving in & out
●Promoting new tenants by showing houses & via Social Media
●Serving customers via Email & Calls in Korean and English
●PR & Marketing variously
●Planing of events & programs for tenants
Please contact us at email@example.com with your resume.


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Amy Heldman Tibert earned a Bachelor of Music degree in Music Therapy from Arizona State University in 2002. She is a trained vocalist and skilled at piano and guitar. Amy completed her clinical training at Dance & Jingle, Inc. in Glendale, California. She has provided individual and group music therapy and music enrichment classes as a private contractor and board certified music therapist in the greater Los Angeles area since 2002.
Originally from the Chicago area, Amy currently resides in Sunland, California, with her husband and two children.


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The 100 best shops in Paris
From department stores to chic designers, from books to vintage, the 100 best shops in Paris
There's a magic to shopping in Paris that no other city can match. Its riches encompass to-die-for creations from world-famous designers, delicious discoveries in food markets and the finest jewellery and most outré fashion concepts around. At Time Out Paris, we've summed it all up in the 100 essential boutiques that capture the sparkle of shopping in the French capital.


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Pac-12 Venues to get AT&T Wireless Boost
(from Sports Business Journal, September 16, 2013) The Pac-12 conference has recently made a deal to become the first major college conference to provide all football stadiums and basketball arenas with full wireless capabilities. This is a huge step for the Pac-12 and AT&T as it will provide U-verse presence for the Pac-12 networks, as well as making AT&T the official corporate sponsor for all universities in the Pac-12. This is a three-pronged deal that includes providing Wi-Fi, DAS, and, possibly the most important advantage, AT&T as the official technology source for the Pac-12. All stadiums will have stronger wireless capabilities for phone calls and text messages with DAS, and when Wi-Fi is eventually installed, it will allow for data usage to run faster.
This deal puts the Pac-12 bounds and leaps ahead of other major college conferences in enhancing the sporting event experience. All of the schools realigned the rights to their wireless category two years ago so the Pac-12 conference could sell them in a package to AT&T. To make this happen is not a cheap expense though; the Washington Husky's made $250 million worth of renovations to become the only Wi-Fi capable stadium so far. It is estimated to cost around $2 million alone to install Wi-Fi and even more for schools that will need Wi-Fi and DAS. Although the final business model has yet to be established, some installations could be exchanged for sponsorship assets.
The main reason for these new installations is to enhance the viewer's experience of the game. With these new capabilities the fan at the stadium can have all of the perks of being at home on the couch watching the event. In today's technologically heavy society, fans want to be able to keep tabs on everything that is going on in the world of sports. One perk will be the new menu of in-stadium programming which will include replays of other teams' Red Zone highlights. Needless to say, the deal struck between the Pac-12 conference and AT&T has paved the way for other schools to make similar deals and achieve the overall goal of enhancing the fans' experience of the game.


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2013 Penguin Plunge – Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
On January 1, 2013 by Jonathan Smith With 0 Comments - Harrisburg, Photography
The Penguin Plunge is held every year on City Island in Harrisburg, PA by the Harrisburg Area Humane Society. It's a fun way to start the new year as it is always held on January 1st at noon. The one reason I always enjoy photographing this event is because it's the perfect time to capture non-posed expressions. This year the Susquehanna was a nice, cool 34 degrees.
More photos can be found over on my 2013 Penguin Plunge Flickr photo set.


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There are many drug and alcohol addiction problems that the nation is struggling with and many more that are right around the corner. Unfortunately, the United States seems to struggle with drug and alcohol addiction and substance abuse crisis areas very quickly and long before anything can be done about such problems, so the grim truth of the matter is that because of drug and alcohol addiction, no one will ever know peace and solitude in the nation until these issues and crisis problems are taken care of.
Drug and alcohol addiction and substance abuse, in general, are major and critical crisis issues the likes of which this nation has never actually seen before. They are big problems, to say the least and these issues simply continue to become more and more problematic with no real sign or indication of them getting any better any time soon. Drug and alcohol addiction and substance abuse and all that goes into these problem will most likely create exacerbating and rather worrisome crisis issues for those who involve themselves with it, and these problems and crisis issues will certainly become all the more problematic as time goes by.
Soon enough, those who are addicted will get more people addicted, and the problem that is drug and alcohol addiction will simply worsen time and time again until the crisis is perhaps one of the worst there is in the United States of America. The Centers for Disease Control already labeled drug and alcohol addiction as a full on Epidemic in 2010, and the President himself issued a statement proclaiming that drug and alcohol addiction was the absolute worst health-related problem that the nation was faced with. So, the problem is definitely heading in the direction of being a full on national emergency if something is not done to handle it in the near future.
States like Missouri suffer just as badly as other states do. The key factor about drug and alcohol addiction nowadays is that it is not a one state show. It is all encompassing, all-enveloping and all consuming. The problem is a major one, to say the least and it will continue to be a major one indefinitely unless something is done about it. Though drug and alcohol addiction does not seem to slow down, it can, in fact, be brought down a notch in Missouri with the help of an inpatient, residential, drug and alcohol addiction and dependence treatment center, detox facility, rehabilitation program, and recovery organization.
The key to beating drug and alcohol addiction in Missouri and to beating it for good lies in getting those who are hooked on these types of drugs into rehab or addiction. The best way to do this is with the help of a Missouri inpatient crack cocaine rehab center. As crack cocaine addiction is without a doubt the single most concerning drug addiction problem in the state of Missouri, most rehab centers specialize in handling and addressing that particular type of addiction. However, any and all Missouri inpatient prescription drug rehab centers can address other types of addictions and substance abuse problems too.
The problem and the crisis issue with drug and alcohol addiction can effectively be taken down a notch with Missouri inpatient crack cocaine rehab centers, and it should be too. With a Missouri inpatient crack cocaine rehab center, those who are addicted in Missouri can finally know a new life and a pleasant life at that.
With years of experience, let us help you quickly understand various options that will best suit your needs or that of your family.
Issues like location and availability of the best drug rehab; costs and success rates; length of stay for various non 12 step drug treatment options – these questions and others can be discussed in confidence at no cost.
Let us help you get the best non 12 step drug rehab treatment possible so that you can move past addiction and back to living.
This is arguably the biggest difference in non 12 step drug rehab. Traditional programs look at issues with dependence as an acute problem, the primary problem. Meanwhile, alternative treatment methods look to the underlying causes to solve why someone turned to drugs and alcohol in the first place. It is an encompassing approach that does not simplify the problem.
Rather than accepting the subjugation to a Higher Power and the acceptance that addiction is an indefinite problem, non 12 step addiction treatment focuses on internal motivation. This is the only way to encourage someone to accept the fact that they alone are capable of overcoming their problem.
Unlike the traditional 12 step program, alternative programs are not unforgiving or rigid. These programs offer highly individualized treatment plans. This means patients are able to move at their own pace, rather than stay behind if they cannot keep up or being forced to sit idly by if they move faster than expected.
Addiction science is clear on the fact that there is both neurobiological and psychological evidence that a reward-based incentive system as found in non 12 step programs is far more successful than other forms of treatment.


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Enter a URL
Check GZIP tool helps you to optimize your web site on-line for higher overall performance with the help of decreasing the loading time of your pages. during this article we'll offer an evidence for to you what's gzip compression, the thanks to modify gzip compression on your .Htaccess or nginx.Conf. And check if gzip compression is enabled on your web site.
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Enter the URL of the web site that you just wish to see and click on the 'Submit' button. The utility can check the web site and come back the results. it'll tell you
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Friday, 28 August 2009
Boxed sets sold out at Amazon.com
Beatles Box Sets: Special Availability Message from Amazon.com
We are currently sold out of the mono and stereo box sets. See our FAQ below for more information.
Why are the box sets currently sold out?
Collectible box sets take time to manufacture, and initial quantities must be determined well in advance of the product release date. In this case, demand has far outstripped initial supply. While we predicted that the box sets would be highly popular items, we had to work with the inventory allocated to us by the manufacturer.
We've been carefully tracking pre-orders, and we updated the product availability information on our site as soon as our initial allocations were depleted. We did this in order to ensure that we could fill all pre-orders without exceeding our allocation limits.
Will Amazon.com receive more box sets?
We will receive more stereo box sets. Sign up to be notified as soon as they are available. While the mono box sets have a limited print run, we are always working to get more. Sign up to be notified if we are able to secure any additional inventory of the mono box sets.
I've pre-ordered a box set. Will I receive it?
Yes, if you have pre-ordered a box set, you will receive it.
What happens next?
We will continue to provide you with up-to-the-minute information about the availability of the Beatles box sets on Amazon.com. As soon as we have more inventory available, we will include information in our Beatles Store and notify all customers who have signed up to receive information about the box sets.
Amazon.com Beatles Store
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One of my pet peeves, is seeing somebody with mis-matched makeup. Let's go back to the basics; it is important to always always always know what your skin tone is. You can't possibly tackle natural beauty, by avoiding your own color.
I absolutely loathe when I see pinays wearing a foundation that is much lighter than their actual color. Why is this happening? What is the obsession with having lighter skin? No matter how much you bleach your skin, your features are Asian, the shape of your eyes, and nose will always tell the truth. Why even bother? Embrace the skin you were born in.
I have put together a collage to give you an example of how different skin tones can highlight your natural beauty. I myself change color according to season, and whether or not I have been getting more or less sun.. but I prefer myself in a darker shade. I just look healthier, and i really dig a perfect glow.
Starting from top left:
- Porcelain - The holy grail for most Asians. Porcelain skin needs a lot of tending to - lots of SPF, and generally not recommended to do any kind of tanning at all. If you have Porcelain skin, you will burn in the sun, so make sure you cover up loads and use lots of moisturizer.. your tone is cool, meaning cooler colors will make your features pop.
- Ivory - Natural ivory skin is beautiful, again, just like with porcelain skin, you should use lots of SPF - you might be prone to sun spots and freckles. Make sure you don't spend too much time in the sun without a hat. Ivory tones look great in hues of blues and greens.
- Beige - Here's a skin tone that is a little more forgiving. Beige generally has a yellowish undertone. You should always use an SPF, but your skin will be a little more forgiving in the sun. Beige skin looks great in shades of red, orange and peach.
- Olive - Olive tones is fairly common for Latinas and mixed skin, containing just a hint of a darker brown, meaning you can get away with using a bronzer, and looking like JLo. A hint of sun will give you a golden brown color, so break out the metallics, golds and rich reds to enhance your color.
- Almond - Here's where I want to scream - so many Filipinas have that perfect golden brown skin that I myself have to work hard for.. and yet, they try to cover it up. Almond skin tans well, so an SPF 15 works on a day-to-day basis.. make sure you always use a great body lotion, because you don't want to look ashy. Almond skin tones look amazing in almost any brighter shade in my opinion, so don't be afraid to play with color.
- Ebony - When I was living in Boracay, I would like to think that this was my color. I'm obviously delusional, but this skin tone looks so amazing in bright an neon colors, that it makes me (neon) green with envy. Take Solange, my spirit animal.. her instagram just kills me. And it is no secret that darker skin is less sensitive to sun damage.. meaning your skin wont age as easily. Winner!
The bottom line is, be proud of the skin you are in, and don't work so hard on changing it, but more on enhancing it. Become aware of your skin color, and dress and choose make-up accordingly. But most importantly, be comfortable in it. The grass is always greener on the other side, they say, but it doesn't have to be.


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|Catalogue No:
|Stores/Weapon Management
|Object Type:
|Object Name:
|Core Stack
|Part No:
|P259 Issue 8
|Serial No:
|Year of Manufacture:
|circa 1973
Width (mm):
Height (mm):
Depth (mm):
Weight (g):
|Rack RAA03 [Main Store]
Manufactured by
GEC-Computers Limited
Core Stack
322 Purch 259
Serial No:- 44-082
P259 Issue 8
Made in UK
Plessey Core Store
Type No. 73'1556'A
Serial No. 44082
Ref. No. P259 Issue 8
Towcester England
This is a low-density early stacked 8k x 18-bit core memory array, made by Plessey Components Ltd, Towcester, England. Plessey made core memories for a number of computer companies, and for example made 48-bit core memories for the Ferranti Atlas and for the English Electric KDF9. This type of stack was also used in the Elliott 903,and 920B computers in the mid 60's.
Magnetic-core memory was the predominant form of random-access computer memory for 20 years between about 1955 and 1975. Such memory is often just called core memory, or, informally, core.
Core uses tiny magnetic toroids (rings), the cores, through which wires are threaded to write and read information. Each core represents one bit of information. The cores can be magnetized in two different ways (clockwise or counterclockwise) and the bit stored in a core is zero or one depending on that core's magnetization direction. The wires are arranged to allow for an individual core to be set to either a one or a zero and for its magnetization to be changed by sending appropriate electric current pulses through selected wires. The process of reading the core causes the core to be reset to a zero, thus erasing it. This is called destructive readout. When not being read or written, the cores maintain the last value they had, even when power is turned off. This makes them nonvolatile.
The cores in the stack However the robust construction of the unit and its colour suggests a military application, and probably from the Integrated Fire Control System (IFCS) for the Challenger Mk1Tank. The Challenger Mk1 went into service in 1983 but development of the Fire Control System was underway in the previous decade. The system activity was at Marconi Space and Defence Systems on the but the 12/12 computer and Power Supply were produced at Rochester. The gunnery control system was accurate but slow and it was replaced in the Challenger Mk2.
The stack is marked on the top:
TOWCESTER, PLESSEY COMPONENTS, ENGLAND with the Plessey 'Oscilloscope' mark. Another label on the top has:
PLESSEY CORE STORE, TYPE No 73'1556'A, SERIAL No 44082, REF. No P259 Issue B. TOWCESTER ENGLAND
Yet another label also on the top has:
Manufactured by GEC Computers Limited, CORE STACK 322 PURCH 259,
Serial No. 44082, P259 Issue B. Borehamwood England. A subsidiary of the General Electric Company.
The Core Stack dates from about 1973 and many items at that time in the 903 Computers were marked with"322 PURCH" numbers, (most transistors are 322 PURCH 100 and diodes were 101).
322 might be the divisional number of Mobile Computing, and Airborne Computing Division (ACD) had the Divisional number 363 in Borehamwood then 263 in Rochester.
The length of the two Flexi-PC interconnections are 105mm.
The length of the two wired interconnections are 125mm.


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A systematic review (high level scientific evidence) recently found those with celiac may be at increased risk for SIBO. This SIBO (small intestinal bacterial overgrowth) might be the reason why some people don't feel better after a gluten free diet. Fortunately there are some simple steps you can take to feel better if this is you. Dr. R's Fast Facts Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and celiac disease: A systematic review with pooled-data analysis The pooled mean prevalence of SIBO … [Read more...]
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