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History of the Grade Chart - b) Detailed analysis (page 1, index page)
I got to look into this while researching the tracks of David Mayo. During his time of reign the Bridge was turned upside down (1978-82). There are indications that he was involved in a variety of these changes. This discovery and various related information actually incited me to dig deeper into this and finally motivated me to do this Grade Chart research covering the first chart released in 1965 to present time.
Nov-Dec 1963: Early notices about a chart
A "general Classification Chart Issue One" is found in HCO PL 26 Nov 63 "Certificate and Classification Changes, Everyone Classified". This was shortly after amended by HCO PL 11 Dec 63 "Classification for Everyone". Both of these references are found in 'The Organization Executive Course: Technical Division 4' (1972) as well as 'The Organization Executive Course: Technical Division, Volume 4' (1991).
Various information is found on this lecture about its Certifications and Classifications.
The Grade Chart as an actual chart was first released in May 1965. This chart is also found reprinted in 'The Technical Bulletins of Dianetics and Scientology' volumes (1976 & 1991 release) directly following HCO PL 5 May 65 "Classification, Gradation and Awareness Chart". This foregoing HCO PL discussed this chart. These reprints in these volumes of the chart appear identical in text with only one small exception. Which is in the column 'Processes Used' at Class/Grade VII, the actual chart also notes the text: "O.T. Processes for Self".
The book 'What Is Scientology?' (any edition) lists 6509C09 SHSBC-66 "Classification and Gradation" (film). Which is a 29 minutes visual explanation from L. Ron Hubbard of this first Grade Chart.
Importance of Dianetics stressed
"No auditor will ever be worth very much unless he has come in the right way – through Dianetics. The concept of physical and mental difficulty stemming from a mental image picture was a great discovery and the technology of erasing such pictures as developed must not be lost on our trained Scientologists." LRH
(from HCOB 3 Apr 66 "Dianetic Auditing Course", also printed in 'Ability 183', [ca May-Jun 66] "A New Dianetic Auditing Course")
"No auditor will ever be worth very much unless he has come in the right way – through Dianetics. The concept of physical and mental difficulty stemming from a mental image picture was a great discovery and the technology of erasing such pictures as developed must not be lost on our trained Scientologists." LRH
(from HCOB 3 Apr 66 "Dianetic Auditing Course", also printed in 'Ability 183', [ca May-Jun 66] "A New Dianetic Auditing Course")
It being noted though that there has been in existence this Dianetic Auditor prior to this, it's just that it had not been listed as yet on this Grade Chart. This may therefore have been the chart referred to in the previously quoted SHSBC lecture #71, 26 Jul 66, and thus may date this undated © 1966 Grade Chart to have been issued at least at about July/August 1966.
Differences in the lower part of the charts issued in 1966-68
Turned into:
Straightwire processing had been in existence prior to this however it was not listed as such on the chart till now. It was still listed on the 1st January 1968 Grade Chart, but not on the 1st September 1969 Grade Chart and following. Only to return on the June 1970 Grade Chart and from there on out it was to stay on the chart.
The 1st January 1968 Grade Chart shows few adjustments. In sequence the Hubbard Extension Course Graduate took the place of the Beginning Scientologist, which in turn was taken off the chart.
Attestation for grades (1966-68)
The 1st December 1966 Grade Chart is the first chart to add an 'Attainment' column which then could be attested for.
The 1st January 1968 Grade Chart then renamed this column 'Abilities Attained'.
In this time period and till about 1970 L. Ron Hubbard frequently referred in lectures and also policy letters to in particular these attestation (Abilities Gained) notices on the 1966 and 1968 charts and that they were valid.
Since June 1970 the column was extended upon and actually turned to 2 columns. See further development discussed at "Jun-Dec 1970: The era of 'Quickie Lower Grades' put to an end ", section "(2) Corrections (c): Proper attestation of grades", click here to consult.
'Standard Dianetics' (Apr 69)
In a sense this change in on the March 1970 chart may be seen as a bit awkward, considering that the message given earlier was that "No auditor will ever be worth very much unless he has come in the right way – through Dianetics. The concept of physical and mental difficulty stemming from a mental image picture was a great discovery and the technology of erasing such pictures as developed must not be lost on our trained Scientologists." LRH (from HCOB 3 Apr 66 "Dianetic Auditing Course", also printed in 'Ability 183', [ca May-Jun 66] "A New Dianetic Auditing Course"). A consideration may have been that a classed auditor also came with particular skills. For instance it required a Class II auditor to run rudiments. The message given would thus remain the same, however one did not necesarily had to start with Dianetics.
This chart for some reason does not list Straightwire processing foregoing Dianetic Auditing which had been listed on both the 2 previous issued charts.
'Triple Grades' (Feb 69)
OT I-VI & Class VIII Auditor on chart ('Standard Tech' established)
"Exact handling of all cases to 100% result. Review of all cases. Section IV OT Rundown. Case supervision of other auditors."
(from 1st September 1969 Grade Chart, Class VIII teaches about)
"Exact handling of all cases to 100% result. Review of all cases. Section IV OT Rundown. Case supervision of other auditors."
(from 1st September 1969 Grade Chart, Class VIII teaches about)
The release of the Class VIII Auditor put into place the expression Standard Tech. This was basically what the Class VIII Course and its 19 lectures was all about, establishing exactly that.
Jun-Dec 1970: The era of 'Quickie Grades' put to an end
(1) Preparation & resignation of L. Ron Hubbard vs Time interim Mar 66-Jun 70
Per this time line we can safely assume that since March 1966 L. Ron Hubbard wasn't in particular involved anymore in handling affairs of the Scientology organization. The same can be said about the technical line and production. He was primarily involved with research and lecturing. It was not until May/June 1970 that he personally interfered.
(2) Corrections (a): 'Triple Grades' turn 'Expanded Grades' (Jun 70)
Further development and releases concerning the Expanded Grades (1971-72) are discussed in next chapter "Aug 1974-Jan 1975: 'The Bridge to a New World'", see section "Further Expanded Grades development (1971-72) and its representation on the latest chart", click here to consult.
(2) Corrections (b): The issue of 'Multiple Declare'
(2) Corrections (c): Proper attestation of grades ('Ability Gained' and 'Inability Lost')
Attestation was introduced when Abilities Gained columns appeared on the charts issued in 1966 and 1968. (discussed in earlier chapter "1966-Jan 1968: 'Dianetic Auditor' and 'Dianetic Release' appear on chart", section "Attestation for grades (since 1966)")
With HCO PL 14 Mar 68 "Policies Governing the Qualifications Division" appear to have been issued Grade Attestation forms. These actual forms then were later replaced with HCO PL 6 Apr 70 II "Scientology Release Attestation Form". This divided up the attestations into Single and Triple grades. Each attestation for each grade and action (Single and Triple) had to be separately signed off on this form.
OT VII (Sept 70) & OT VIII (to be released)
Be it noted though that the June 1970 Grade Chart listed OT VII still as 'to be released'. The December 1970 Grade Chart adjusted to this.
Various further additions on the chart
This could be seen as interesting as this was apparently not an auditor and still it was placed on the chart like that. It was still present at the December 1970 Grade Chart. The January 1975 Grade Chart then does not list it anymore.
A sort of noteworthy change that is not actually addressed in this HCOB was that the previous columns 'Ability Gained' and 'Inability Lost' (still on December 1970 Grade Chart) were blended together into just one column (named 'Ability Gained'). In addition the different flows (F1, F2 & F3) as previously given in detail for the Lower Grades on the earlier chart were taken off. A consideration may have been because of surveyability and easy oversight of the chart itself (after all the various attestation forms still would have been kept intact as they were or pretty much so), nonetheless this change should not be regarded as insignificant.
Study technology (BSM) as a prerequisite & minor other changes worth mentioning
The Drug Rundown (Oct 71)
A further remedy was later proposed in HCOB 5 Nov 74 "Drugs, More About" which is referred to as Cal-Mag Formula. That the HCOB notes as "being in a research phase". Which purpose was to supply to body with suffient doses of Calcium and Magnesium to respectively counteract "Muscular spasms" and "Nervous reactions". The HCOB then notes that this was worked on previously in 1973. The recipe of this Formula is provided for in this HCOB.
HCOB 23 Dec 71 "The No-Interference Area" makes a notice in regards to Solo Grades. That if "It will be found that a pc cannot confront doing Solo Grades.", that "The reason will be found to be Drugs.". Then saying that "All pcs who 'cannot run engrams' CAN run Drug Engrams. They are afraid because they get into the bank heavily when on Drugs. Only Drugs can be run." LRH.
Then HCOB 4 Apr 72 (Revised 30 May 72) "Primary Rundown (Revised)" notes the following: "Students who are or have been on Drugs need a Drug Rundown before tackling Method 1. Drugs fog up a student and prevent gains. And he loses the gains he gets." LRH. That which may be interesting is that this reference specifically makes reference to HCOB 25 Oct 71 II "The Special Drug Rundown".
Further Expanded Grades development (1971-72) and its representation on the latest chart
On this chart the Expanded Grades appear now properly integrated. Nonetheless an interesting correlation surfaces when the Ability Gained columns compare Confirmation of Expanded Lower Grades with Expanded Dianetics Completion. Be it noted though that Expanded Dianetics was a conditional action for persons cases that did not resolve easily (see respective section about Expanded Dianetics further below).
Noted 'Expanded Grades' developments in the interim 1971-Jan 72
Since the introduction of Expanded Grades earlier in June 1970 and its appearance on the June 1970 Grade Chart various developments and releases have been noted.
Expanded Dianetics (XDN) (Apr 72)
The periodical 'Clear News 79 (AOLA Edition)' [Jan 73] notes on page 5: "Expanded Dianetics is a precise action which handles such things as a pc's fixated interests, unhandled things that he wants handled, intentions and evil purposes and much more!".
In later days and in particular in 1984 another rundown was taken from these materials that became known as the False Purpose Rundown (FPRD). There was however a significant difference, which was that the primary function of the FPRD appears to have been actual Sec Checking. The matter being that XDN uses all four flows, where the FPRD focuses on just one flow. I explain this in detail in my "Scientology: 'Security Checking' - A chronology" study, see chapter "Establishment of False Purpose Rundown (FPRD) (Jun 84)". Consult here (separate window).
Expanded Dianetics could said to be aiming at a complete handling. Also it was done (if called for) as an action that was part of your walk on the actual Grade Chart, where the FPRD is not. I find it being of particular importance to note these differences. It gets the more relevant as later at different time intervals this XDN disappeared from listing on this Grade Chart (disappeared since January 1982 Grade Chart and finally reappeared on the 1991 Grade Chart (the XDN Auditor on the chart itself as Class VA Graduate, the service was placed on the side as an additional processing service that may be done at various points at the Bridge).
The Solo Auditor Course (Jul 70)
Class IX, X, XI & XII Auditor (1971)
Class IX is about various corrective steps and other actions.
These so-called L-Rundowns (Ls) are usually referred to as prestige auditing. Indeed they are the highest level of auditing available and apparently require an expert auditor to deliver them. They can be received as early as you are a Grade IV Graduate. People tell that it would safe money if you would these Ls first and then continue moving on the Grade Chart, it will go much faster and will safe you money and effort. If you don't do them directly after Grade IV you have to wait till after OT III.
There is also found a recommendation in HCOB 31 May 71 "Best Advance Program" to do L10 following OT III Expanded (see for details next section "OT III Expanded (Sept 69) & Changes in the presentation of the OT levels").
OT III Expanded (Sept 69) & Changes in the presentation of the OT levels
(Includes: OT IIIX: (1) Introduction (Sept 69); (2) 'Best Advance Program' (May 71); (3) 'OT Expansion Program' (Jan 72))
OT III Expanded (1): Introduction (Sept 69)
"You will note that 'OT VII' is apparently out of sequence. It originally went OT III, OT IV, OT V, OT VI, OT VII. Then it was found that there was a level OT III Expanded. So it can go OT III, OT VII, OT IIIX, OT IV, OT V, OT VI or it can go OT III, OT IV, OT V, OT VI, OT VII, OT IIIX. One gets the most out of it by taking VII after OT III and then OT IV, OT V and OT VI really bite. Many persons were too nervous of OT III to do it well until a drug rundown and OT VII were done. Others thought OT III was endless and OT VII handled that." LRH
(from HCOB 3 Feb 72 "R6EW–OT III No Interference Area")
"You will note that 'OT VII' is apparently out of sequence. It originally went OT III, OT IV, OT V, OT VI, OT VII. Then it was found that there was a level OT III Expanded. So it can go OT III, OT VII, OT IIIX, OT IV, OT V, OT VI or it can go OT III, OT IV, OT V, OT VI, OT VII, OT IIIX. One gets the most out of it by taking VII after OT III and then OT IV, OT V and OT VI really bite. Many persons were too nervous of OT III to do it well until a drug rundown and OT VII were done. Others thought OT III was endless and OT VII handled that." LRH
(from HCOB 3 Feb 72 "R6EW–OT III No Interference Area")
It appears that OT III Expanded (often referred to as OT IIIX) dates back to as early as September 1969 at which time it was released (ref. 'Advance! 18', [Apr-May 73], article: "A History of Advanced Courses"). It does not however appear on any Grade Chart issued in the '70s. As far as the Grade Charts go it is first noted on the January 1975 Grade Chart. Initially it may just have been that what it said, an expansion to OT III, it may have been only conditional for some. For a while at least it may also have been still in a testing phase.
'Clear News 13 (AOLA Edition)', 6 Feb 70 on its front page notes in an article entitled "MORE AND MORE OT III EXPANDED SUCCESSES": "We're turning out real OT III Expandeds by the dozen (lots of Clears and OT levels too). These are the real exciting successes.". It does give the impression that OT III Expanded in a sense may separated itself from the other regular OT levels judging from the nature of the success stories published. Or it may also be that this was simply the most recent service that had been released and therefore in particular had to be promoted.
OT III Expanded (2): 'Best Advance Program' (May 71)
It appears that the confidential HCOB 9 Jul 71 clearly indentifies OT IIIX as just being an OT III after OT VII.
OT III Expanded (3): 'OT Expansion Program' (Jan 72)
Nonetheless this is not reflected or named on the actual Grade Chart that was issued in January 1975. We also see that the OT Expansion Program continues to appear on price lists well into 1978.
This would deem it being a conditional course of action.
It have been told at Flag by various persons that the old OT VII equalled the New OT III. This however may not be entirely true. In essence the New OT levels (in particular OT IV-VII) were separate from and developed much later in time. An old OT III however would still in essence equal a recent OT III completion. It's just that the original levels OT IIIX, IV, V, VI and VII had been dropped. True is that OT VII (on the old bridge) was placed to be received prior to OT IV. I don't know however in which degree the old OT VII and OT IIIX would have been integrated into that New OT III. Per the data that I have and the fact that OT III did not turn to be addressed as New OT III it does not seem so. Therefore it does not appear to be the case (at least technically) that an old OT VII would equal a recent OT III.
..R, ..RA, ..RB (etc) or #R, #RA (etc):
For example: 'HCO PL 24 Sept 70R' & 'HCO PL 24 Sept 70RA', etc. The given date denotes the first time it has been published in issue-form. The R, RA indication may also follow after an issue-number. The R stands for 'Revision' and would refer to that it has been revised since it was first published.
If it is revised a 2nd time it is indicated as RA, a 3rd time RB, then RC, and so on.
'Advanced Organization Los Angeles': A Scientology organization which services higher level auditing & training, located in Los Angeles, USA.
'Affinity, Reality, Communication'. A word from the initial letters of Affinity, Reality, Communication which together equate to Understanding. It is pronounced by stating its letters, A-R-C. To Scientologists it has come to mean good feeling, love or friendliness, such as "He was in ARC with his friend." (LRH Def. Notes)
ARC break:
1. An incomplete cycle of some kind or another. It's a lowering of Affinity, Reality and Communication, so we call it an ARC break. (SH Spec 65, 6507C27) 2. A sudden drop or cutting of one's affinity, reality, or communication with someone or something. Upsets with people or things come about because of a lessening or sundering of affinity, reality, or communication or understanding. It's called an ARC break instead of an upset, because, if one discovers which of the three points of understanding have been cut, one can bring about a rapid recovery in the person's state of mind. (LRH Def. Notes) Abbr. ARCX
ARC Straightwire:
'Affinity, Reality, Communication'. Basically these are procedures that have as purpose to establish a communication with the auditor in session in where one has the ability to recollect and communicate about it. This is a conditional action. 1. When we say straightwire, we're simply talking about stringing a line from cause to effect through the past. (5410CM07) 2. Straight memory is also called straightwire because the auditor is directing the memory of the preclear and in doing so is stringing wire, much on the order of a telephone line, between "I" and the standard memory bank. (Science of Survival, Bk. 2, p. 64) 3. A technique of direct memory. (5009CM23B)
'American Saint Hill Organization'. A higher level Scientology organization residing in Los Angeles.
'Board Technical Bulletin'. Color flash–red ink on cream paper. These are the issues of the Boards of Directors of the Churches of Scientology and are separate and distinct from HCO Bulletins written by LRH. Only LRH issues may be printed green on white for Technical Bulletins and only LRH issues may have the prefix HCO. These Board issues are valid as tech. (BPL 14 Jan 74R I, New Issues).
This issue-type was established in January 1974. In December 1974 a project was started to cancel HCOBs not written by L. Ron Hubbard and if still found being of value having them reissued as BTBs. By 1980 all BTBs had been revoked.
'Case/Supervisor'. 1. That person in a Scientology Church who gives instructions regarding, and supervises the auditing of preclears. The abbreviation C/S can refer to the Case Supervisor or to the written instructions of a case supervisor depending on context. (BTB 12 Apr 72R) 2. The C/S is the case supervisor. He has to be an accomplished and properly certified auditor and a person trained additionally to supervise cases. The C/S is the auditor's "handler." He tells the auditor what to do, corrects his tech, keeps the lines straight and keeps the auditor calm and willing and winning. The C/S is the pc's case director. His actions are done for the pc. (Dianetics Today, Bk. 3, p. 545)
1. What we mean by Clear is an erasure of the mental mass which inhibits their thinking, postulating, and so on. (SH Spec 75, 6608C16) 2. An unaberrated person. He is rational in that he forms the best possible solutions he can on the data he has and from his viewpoint. He obtains the maximum pleasure for the organism, present and future, as well as for the subjects along the other dynamics. The Clear has no engrams which can be restimulated to throw out the correctness of computation by entering hidden and false data in it. (Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health, p. 111)
'End Phenomena'. The expected end result of some action done, a course completed etc ... In study: (1) floating needle, (2) cognition, (3) very good indicators, (pc happy).
Ex Dn or XDN:
Short for 'Expanded Dianetics'. See at that entry in vocabulary.
Expanded Dianetics (Ex Dn, XDN):
(1) "its results are freedom from cruel impulses and chronic unwanted conditions and ability to act in an optimum manner without restraint."; (2) about the course: "Trains a person to understand and handle irrational behavior in others and chronic unwanted conditions." (What Is Scientology? (1978), p 10 & 12)
Flag Order (FO):
This is the equivalent to a policy letter (HCO PL) in the Sea Org (senior organization within the Church of Scientology). Contains policy and sea technical materials. They are numbered and dated. They do not decay, HCO PLs and FOs are both in effect on Sea Org orgs, ships, offices and bases. Black ink on white paper. Distribution to all Sea Org members. It is vital for SO units to have master files and quantity of FOs from which hats can be made up for SO personnel and courses. (HCO PL 24 Sept 70R)
floating needle (F/N):
The idle uninfluenced movement of the needle on the dial (of an E-meter) without any patterns or reactions in it. It can be as small as one inch or as large as dial wide. It does not fall or drop to the right of the dial. It moves to the left at the same speed as it moves to the right. It is observed on a Mark V E-meter calibrated with the TA (Tone Arm) between 2.0 and 3.0 with GIs (Good Indicators) in on the pc. It can occur after a cognition, blowdown of the TA (Tone Arm) or just moves into floating. The pc may or may not voice the cognition. (HCOB 7 May 69 V)
'floating needle'. See at that entry in vocabulary.
Short for 'Flag Order'. See at that entry in vocabulary.
'Hubbard Communications Office Bulletin'. Color flash–red ink on white paper. Written by LRH only , but only so starting from January 1974. These are the technical issue line. All data for auditing and courses is contained in HCOBs. For more information go here (separate window).
'Hubbard Communication Office Policy Letter'. Color flash–green ink on white paper. Written by LRH only, but only so starting from January 1974. These are the organizational and administrative issue line. For more information go here (separate window).
'Hubbard Guidance Center'. The department of the technical division of a Scientology organization which sets you up for and delivers auditing.
'Hubbard Qualified Scientologist'. 1. Teaches about co-auditing and how to handle other people with group auditing. Processes taught are TRs (Training Routines) 0 to 4 and 6 to 9, co-auditing on CCHs (Control Communication Havingness processes), Op Pro by Dup (Operating Procedure by Duplication process) and Self Analysis Lists. 2. This course is a basic course in the fundamentals of Scientology technology and gives a gradient of application of a few vital principles.
Short for 'Hubbard Standard Dianetics Course'.
1. An analytical moment in which the perceptics of the engram are approximated, thus restimulating the engram or bringing it into action, the present time perceptics being erroneously interpreted by the reactive mind to mean that the same condition which produced physical pain once before is now again at hand. Locks contain mainly perceptics; no physical pain and very little misemotion. (Science of Survival, p. 112) 2. A situation of mental anguish. It depends for its force on the engram to which it is appended. The lock is more or less known to the analyzer. It's a moment of severe restimulation of an engram. (Dianetics: Evolution of a Science, p. 84).
An usual abbreviation for 'L. Ron Hubbard'.
A coined word, meaning matter, energy, space and time, the physical universe. All physical phenomena may be considered as energy operating in space and time. The movement of matter or energy in time is the measure of space. All things are mest except theta.
'Modern Management Technology Defined' (released 1976):
This is within the Scientology organization commonly referred to as simply 'Admin Dictionary'. Presently used editions of this book are identical to this first edition.
'New Era Dianetics'. Officially released to the public on 30 July 1978 (ref.: 'The Auditor 151 (US edition)', Sept 78). It replaced and abolished the previous in use Standard Dianetics (St Dn).
objective processes:
1. Processes which familiarize a person with the MEST universe. (Scientology Abridged Dictionary) 2. Objective processes deal with body motions and observing and touching objects in the auditing room. (HCOB 30 Sept 71 V) 3. Look around or physical contact processes are obviously "objective." Pcs who have been on drugs obviously have to be run on objective not subjective processes. Anyone can be brought more into present time with objective processes. (HCOB 2 Nov 57RA)
'The Organization Executive Course':
Subtitled in the 1970-74 release: 'An Encyclopedia of Scientology Policy'. This is a series of books that contain the HCO PLs, and any references that are primarily dealing with administrative matters. They are divided up division wise. The HCO PLs are printed in green ink on white paper, and the volumes themselves come in green bindings. These books may also be referred to as the 'green volumes' or even 'OEC volumes'. The 'old green volumes' then would refer to the 1970-74 release, the 'new green volumes' instead to the 1991 release. See a listing of published volumes here (pop-up window).
Operating Thetan (OT):
1. Willing and knowing cause over life, thought, matter, energy, space and time. And that would of course be mind and that would of course be universe. (SH Spec 80, 6609C08) 2. An individual who could operate totally independently of his body whether he had one or didn't have one. He's now himself, he's not dependent on the universe around him. (SH Spec 66, 6509C09) 3. A being at cause over matter, energy, space, time, form and life. Operating comes from "able to operate without dependency on things" and thetan is the Greek letter theta (θ), which the Greeks used to represent "thought" or perhaps "spirit" to which an "n" is added to make a new noun in the modern style used to create words in engineering. (Book of Case Remedies, p. 10)
'Professional Auditors Bulletin'. Scientology periodical (monthly) send to all members to keep auditors informed about the latest discoveries concerning processing procedures and other.
Short for 'OT III Expanded'.
preclear (pc):
1. A person who, through Scientology processing, is finding out more about himself and life. (The Phoenix Lectures, p. 20) 2. A spiritual being who is now on the road to becoming Clear, hence preclear. (HCOB 5 Apr 69) 3. One who is discovering things about himself and who is becoming clearer. (HCO PL 21 Aug 62)
'Routine 6 End Words'. When the pc has taken the locks off the reactive mind itself, using R6EW, he attains Fourth Stage Release. (HCOB 30 Aug 65) [Grade VI Release].
rudiments (ruds):
1. Setting the case up for the session action. This includes ARC (communication) breaks, PTPs (Present Time Problems), W/Hs (Withholds), GF (Green Form) or O/R (Overrun) listing or any prepared list. ((HCOB 23 Aug 71) 2. The reason you use and clean rudiments is to get the preclear in session so you can have the preclear (1) in communication with the auditor and (2) interested in his own case. The purpose of rudiments is to set up a case to run, not to run a case. (HCOB 19 May 61)
Sec Check(ing):
Short for 'security check(ing)'.
Saint Hill Special Briefing Course (SHSBC):
This was a course delivered by L. Ron Hubbard at Saint Hill, England during 1961-66 and comprises of 447 lectures. Its result is a very adept auditor and thorough know-how of Scientology itself. The materials are studied in chronological sequence so as to fully understand the development of the technology. This will make you a Class VI Auditor.
SH (org):
'Saint Hill (organization)'. A Saint Hill organization applies to any organization authorized to deliver the advanced level Scientology services. May also be referred to as an AO (Advanced Organization). For example AOSH UK or AOLA. The first AO was located in Saint-Hill, England.
'Saint Hill Special Briefing Course'. See at that entry in vocabulary.
St Dn:
'Standard Dianetics'. Reissue of 1950-Tech, as such established and released in April 1969 (ref.: HCOB 24 Apr 69 "Dianetic Use"). It was finalized in December of that year. Abolished and replaced by New Era Dianetics (NED) since 30 July 1978.
'The Technical Bulletins of Dianetics and Scientology':
This is a series of books that contain the HCOBs, and any references that are primarily dealing with technical matters. The HCOBs are printed in red ink on white paper, and the volumes themselves come in red bindings. The references are arranged in chronological release order (per issue date). These books may also be referred to as the 'red volumes'. The 'old red volumes' then would refer to the 1976-80 release, the 'new red volumes' instead to the 1991 release. See a listing of published volumes here (pop-up window).
tone arm (TA):
1. Tone arm refers to the tone arm or its motion. (HCOB 13 Apr 64) 2. Tone arm action. A technical term for a quantitative measure of case gain in the Scientology processing of a preclear for a given unit of time. (Introduction to Scientology Ethics, p. 38) 3. The measure of accumulation of charge. (Class VIII No. 6) 4. A measure of the amount of encysted force which is leaving the case. (SH Spec 291, 6308C06)
XDN or Ex Dn:
Short for 'Expanded Dianetics'. See at that entry in vocabulary.


text:
*by COTT Sr. Editor, April W Gardner
THE SEEKERS is Book 2 in the Wainwright Trilogy.
It was recently featured on Clash of the Titles, as a July New Release.
About being chosen for the clash the sister-authors, Sadie and Sophie, said,
"Thank you for including our book. It was wicked fun!"
Here's what COTT's readers had to say about The Seekers:
LoLove this book, S & S!!!
Go Sadie and Sophie! Blessings! Linda C.
Love love love you guys!
Well done Sadie & Sophieook, S & S!!!
The Seekers Purchase Links:
When asked if book 1 in the series needs to be read first to make sense of the story, Sadie and Sophie, said, "No, each book is a stand-alone novel. Of course we hope you'll love the characters so much you'll want to read all three books, and to that end we'll give you a quick introduction to the Wainwright family. Widowed mother Lydia, eldest daughter Alice, and son Lawrence live on a New England farm and raise sheep for the woolen mill. Alice carries the conflict of a birth-marked face and a quick mind."
In Book One (FAITH IN THE SHADOWS) , Alice is rescued from her conniving fiancé by blinded war veteran, Hawk. She uses her warm humor and intelligence to break through Hawk's bitter pride, but will she find the courage to face the truth before Hawk regains his sight? Or has she already betrayed their fragile relationship by keeping her secret from him?
Lawrence adores his mother and sister (and his horse), but for all his easy-going charm, he's a rock solid man's man with a heart as tender as a spring leaf.
In THE SEEKERS (Book Two), a reluctant Lawrence trades places with a mentally challenged look-a-like and goes undercover as President Lincoln's spy. He's instantly tangled up in the innocent lives of those around him, and becomes their self-appointed protector. Through double-cross and betrayal, Lawrence searches for a way to get everyone safely across enemy lines. But the toughest battle he faces is fighting to protect the woman he loves without revealing his true identity, because to do so would mean a death sentence for both of them.
Book Three (THE HEART KNOWS) is due out in March 2013 and features matriarch Lydia Wainwright. At 49 (over the hill for a woman in the 1860's), Lydia refuses to be confined to social mores when her adult kids leave the nest. She travels west to begin a new life as a frontier schoolmarm, but a train wreck derails her plans and leaves her with a head injury. Before she recovers her memory, Lydia is mistaken for Minnie, a woman contracted to care for two love-starved children. By the time their father, an ex-Pinkerton man, discovers the truth, he selfishly chooses not to reveal it so Lydia will stay with them. When Lydia remembers her former life, she struggles to make the right choice. Can she respect a man she loves who allowed her to live a lie? Or must she leave him and the two children, as dear to her as life itself?
If you love historical fiction (specifically Civil War tales!), don't miss this great e-book deal. Currently only $5.99 through Amazon!
Lizzie and the Guernsey Gang and the senior editor at Clash of the Titles

subset: commoncrawl


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Family Therapist
Dominique Dor, M.A., LPC-S
Dominique Dor
549 W. Wheatland Road, Duncanville, Texas 75116 | 972-709-1180
Years ago I wrote a paper on "Stop Throwing Away Good Marriages". I Still have the same belief and it is simple. Why divorce your spouse when there's a solution to every relationship issue? I believe in the institution of marriage to avoid splitting homes and families. Group therapy is often use with family therapy. However, I find that the family dynamic is unique therefore I use an eclectic style to help family survive. I strongly believe we have to find ways to keep couples married so we can break the cycle of blending families.
Family Therapist
Souad Shrime, M.S., L.P.C., N.C.C
Licensed Professional Counselor
6306 Kenwood Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75214 | 214-997-4231
Does your child show behavioral problems at home or at school? Is he or she rebellious at home and difficult to be around? Sometimes the problem might not be individualized but might be systemic. The family, as a whole can benefit from combined and individualized session in order to help regain equilibrium and wholeness. Please call 214-997-4231 to make an appointment.
Family Therapist
Audrey Kteily, Ph.D, LPC-S
Family Psychotherapist
270 N Denton Tap Rd Suite 160, Coppell, Texas 75019 | 972-304-0700
Dr. Kteily takes a family systems approach when working with clients. She assesses not only the individual but the family as well as other environments the person is active in. This gives Dr. Kteily a complete picture of the person's life and where changes need to be made. Of course some topics require a sharper approach such as addiction, anxiety and panic, and depression. Dr. Kteily works closely with each individual's physicians to manage their symptoms while helping each person find the root cause and eradicate it.
Family Therapist
Katherine Pang, Dr. Katherine Pang
Licensed Psychologist
6301 Gaston Avenue, Suite 230, Dallas, Texas 75214 | 214-531-7624
Families can be challenging, as they are composed of individuals with different needs, wants, desires, and goals. In therapy we approach the family as a unit and identify what is important to that family unit viewing each individual as having an important contributing part so that the individuals can work together for the overall mental health of the family, which will work conjointly to improve the mental health of the each individual.
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Jennifer Slattery, LMFT
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
221 E. Southlake Blvd Suite 100, Southlake, Texas 76092 | 603-819-4376
At Healing Encounters, your family is offered a safe and collaborative client-focused environment where a systemic, solution-focused, faith-based approach is at the core. My techniques are sensitive to your family's values and I am committed to your success. I compare myself to a coach, offering skills, techniques and new perspectives like a coach does with their team, with a knowledge base of 20 years of experience as a trainer, therapist and supervisor. Learn to increase communication skills, learn about family dynamics, and how to set limits and boundaries with others more effectively. Learn new parenting skills and how to be a more effective parent.
Family Therapist
Don Zablosky, LPC-S, LMFT-S, NCC
Licensed Professional Counselor/ Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist
1350 N. BUCKNER BLVD., SUITE 220, Dallas, Texas 75218 | 4698559107
Families are systems of interacting pieces. Pieces are individuals, common beliefs, family lore, culture, ritual, and even outside influences. We need to get a read on your family to see how all what pieces are moving together. What goes well together and what is grinding. What can be controlled and what is beyond immediate control. What is static and what changes over time. Overall improvement can be caused by gentle tweaking rather than demands.
Family Therapist
Michael Salas, PsyD, LPC-S, LCDC, CSAT, CMAT
Licensed Professional Counselor
3300 Oak Lawn, Suite 601, Dallas, Texas 75219 | 214-310-0417
In family therapy, I will help you and your family better understand the roles that you live with and the conflicts that arise as a result of these roles. We will work through communication problems and create plans to help you and your family overcome these communication problems and establish more positive lines of communication with each other. Call me or e-mail me today to set up a consultation to see how I may be able to help you with your family problems.
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Kevin Fleming Ph.D.
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Dallas, Texas 75211 | 1-877-606-6161
Most family therapists inadvertently create more chaos through their well-intentioned efforts to assist a family move through a change process. Why? Brains are inherently deregulated (all of us, may I add) and most talking and dialoguing misses brain-centric problems that need more intensive help. Many times the emotional trauma created by years of solving problems ineffectively can wreak havoc on the brain's parasympathetic nervous system, not ever giving the family a break from flight or fight thinking. Contact us for an innovative neuroscience solution to family dysfunction. firstname.lastname@example.com or 877-606-6161.
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Jenny Adams, LPC, CSAT, NCC
Bluffview Counseling Services, PLLC
4240 West Lovers Lane, Dallas, Texas 75209 | 214-390-5800
We provide a safe place for you to talk about difficult issues, sort out your situation and your goals, and start to take make healthy choices to take care of yourself, your family, and your children. We provide a space to let go of some of the self doubt and anxiety and help you gain perspective and the tools needed to get your life back on track. It is important for parents to take time for themselves to get their anxiety or depression under control so that they are in a better frame of mind to be a support to their family.
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Kevin Lambert, Psy.D., MBA
Licensed Psychologist
14275 Midway Rd., Ste #260, Addison, Texas 75001 | 469-665-9445
There is no place like the peaceful, safe haven of home life. However, many would consider their family/home life to be their biggest source of stress & disappointment. At Lambert Psychology, Dr. Kevin Lambert & his associates specialize in helping families to overcome obstacles, communicate more effectively, and sustain a reasonable amount of peace & love in each of the relationships. We also teach families how to embrace or appreciate conflict as an opportunities to learn from each other and grow.
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Vantage Point Counseling Services, PsyD, LPC-S, CST, CSAT, LCDC
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3300 Oak Lawn Ave, Suite 601, Dallas, Texas 75219 | 214-310-0417
For clients who are struggling with issues relating to sexuality, gender, or sexual orientation, we can help. We'll help couples and individuals open up to their families in a way that helps move through the experience of shame, and towards authenticity. Although this journey can be quite scary and intimidating, we can make it so that you can find ways to be more open with your family, which you hadn't previously thought possible. Contact us today to set up an appointment.
You Have Found the Best Family Therapy in Dallas, TX. Let's Get Started.
Thank you for visiting our Texas search of licensed family therapists in Dallas. Discord due from strife, marital problems, sibling rivalry, family of origin issues and blended families (just to name a few) can strain and hurt loving relationships. Counseling with honesty and depth will get to the heart of the issues and work towards healing. Find resolution for your family in Dallas right now, please contact a specialist above, you can email 24/7.
Dallas is a city that is located in multiple counties- Rockwall County and Kaufman County and Collin County and Denton County and Dallas County in Texas. It has a land area of 340.90 square miles and a water area of 43.87 square miles.  The population of Dallas is 1.3 million people with 477,249 households and a median annual income of $43,781. .
Therapy Affordability Meter for Dallas, TX
Will need to budget
Mental health treatment and therapy in Dallas is sometimes a struggle to afford for families and individuals without proper insurance coverage. Finances for many in Dallas are not able to cover long term weekly counseling sessions without a budgetary plan in place. The good news is that therapists are often willing to work with you if accessibility is an issue. Low cost therapy and sliding scales are just some of the options that therapists can offer. Insurance may cover your sessions as well. Talk to your counselor to learn more. Low cost counseling and affordable therapy are also sometimes offered by listed city and university level clinics, check with your local Dallas public health department.


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Share of global Climate Debt rank 43rd, 44th and 45th: Portugal, New Zealand and Switzerland (combined responsible for 0.42% of Climate Debt and 0.34% of Fossil CO2 Emissions 2016)
The diagram below shows 'Share of global Climate Debt' in 2010, 2015 and 2017 of Portugal, New Zealand and Switzerland (ranked 43rd, 44th and 45th). The shares of Portugal and New Zealand are decreasing, whereas the Swiss share is stable.
Share of global Climate Debt rank 40th, 41st and 42nd: Greece, Chile and Turkmenistan (combined responsible for 0.52% of Climate Debt and 0.64% of Fossil CO2 Emissions 2016)
The diagram below shows 'Share of global Climate Debt' in 2010, 2015 and 2017 of Greece, Chile and Turkmenistan (ranked 40th, 41st and 42nd). The share of Greece is decreasing, while the shares of Chile and Turkmenistan are increasing.
Climate Debt: Norway ranks 9th (performance of top twenty from Human Development Index)
The so called 'Human Development Index 2015' (UN) ranks Norway 1st among 188 countries. The index is based on 1) Life expectancy at birth, 2) Expected years of schooling, 3) Mean years of schooling and 4) Gross national income (GNI) per capita. However, the wealthy Scandinavian oil state 'Ranks' 9th among 148 countries on Climate Debt per capita. Norway is in other words a highly human developed demolisher of the climate, one might say! The following examines the climate performance of Norway in comparison with the other top five countries from Human Development Index: Australia, Switzerland, Denmark and Netherland.
Climate change performance of Austria, Czech Republic and Switzerland
0.4% of the global population lives in Austria, Czech Republic or Switzerland and together they emitted 0.6% of the global CO2 from fossil fuels in 2012 – the joint share of the global Climate Debt is 0.7%. Austria's updated Climate Debt per capita is $2,400 (ranked 19th), Czech Republic's is $1,137 (ranked 34th) and Switzerland's is $969 (ranked 38th). See the 'ranking'. The following examines the Climate Debt trends and the indicators of CO2 Emissions (carbon dioxide from fossil fuels), Nuclear Power, Environmental Performance, GDP(ppp-$) and Climate Debt as a percentage of GDP(ppp-$).
Switzerland benefits from a top Environmental Performance
Switzerland was the 32nd worst performing country in ClimatePositions 2010 (see the menu Contributions/Per Capita US$ Rank), but the Environmental Performance was the best of all surveyed countries. The diagram illustrates Switzerlands Environmental Performance 2004-2010, in comparison with the global average set at 100 (166 countries are included).


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Photo courtesy of Matt Jones
BANNER ELK, N.C. - The Lees-McRae College women's tennis team will be heading to Orlando, Fla. for spring break, playing nine matches over a five-day span from Mar. 11-15 at various facilities in the area.
Schedule - The Bobcats open the week on Monday (Mar. 11) against the University of Scranton at 8 a.m. at Sanlando Park, before facing Navy at the Beerman Tennis Facility in Lakeland, Fla. at 3 p.m. Lees-McRae takes on Southwestern College (Kan.) at 8 a.m. at Sanlando Park, before playing Mount Holyoke at 3:30 p.m. at Sanlando Park. On Wednesday (Mar. 13), the Bobcats will play Carnegie Mellon at the United States Tennis Association (USTA) National complex at 12 p.m., before playing Navy again at Sanlando Park at 4 p.m. Live stats for the match against Carnegie Mellon will be available at www.lmcbobcats.com. The Bobcats are back in action on Friday (Mar. 15) against Wheaton (Ill.) at 8 a.m. at Sanlando Park, before finishing up competition against Rockhurst at 7 p.m. at the USTA complex.
About the Bobcats - Lees-McRae enters the week at 4-4 overall, with a combined 14-9 doubles record along with 17 singles wins. The tandems of Sandy Allen and Nursharneem Shamsuddin and Zeynep Cakirer and Mackenzie Langmade lead the doubles effort with four wins each, while Jaden Acklin and Dakota Tittle are 3-0 in doubles play. Three other doubles pairs each have one win on the season. Acklin leads the team in singles play with four wins, while three other Bobcats each have three singles wins. Rebecca Pierce has two singles wins on the year, while two others each have contributed one win so far in singles play.
About the Opponents - Scranton enters the week at 4-1 overall, with a combined 12-2 doubles record as well as a combined 40-11 record in singles play. The team of Emilia Jakubek and Tatiana Klacko as well as Claire Loughlin and Elyse Smilnak each has four wins in doubles play, while Natashia DeNunzio and Emily Kelly have three wins in doubles play. Kelly and Julia Kuhns-Baione also have one win in doubles play. Kristen Dennison leads the Royals in singles play with six wins, while four others each have five singles wins on the year. Marissa Campo has contributed four wins in singles play, while Klacko and Loughlin each have three singles wins. Stephanie Hoffman and Kuhns-Baione also each have two wins on the season in singles play.
Navy enters the week at 12-6 overall, with a combined doubles record of 64-37 and a combined singles record of 132-85. Amanda Cyr and Catalina Rico lead the team with nine wins in doubles play, while Annalise Klopfer and Kacey Moore have seven wins in doubles play. Aimee Dervishian and Klopfer have also contributed six wins as a doubles pair, while three other doubles pairs have each won five matches on the year. Four different doubles tandems have each won four matches, while Brooke Bogdanovich and Moore have put together three wins in doubles play. Bogdanovich and Meghana Komarraju have also win two doubles matches, while five other tandems have each won one match in doubles play. Moore leads the Midshipmen in singles play with 17 wins, while Ansofi Wreder is second on the team with 13. Three other ladies each have 11 singles wins on the year, while Klopfer is the other Midshipman with double-digit wins (10). Six others have recorded at least one win on the year in singles play.
Southwestern enters the week at 2-0 overall.
Mount Holyoke enters the week at 4-3 overall.
Carnegie Mellon enters the week at 6-2, with a combined 47-23 doubles record as well as a combined 77-50 mark in singles play. Melissa Strome and Danna Taylor lead the team in doubles play with nine wins, while Courtney Ollis and Janabelle Wu have five wins in doubles play. Four different doubles tandems have recorded four wins each so far, while Ollis and Vinaya Rao have combined for three doubles wins so far on the season. Three other doubles teams have each recorded two wins so far, while another eight doubles teams have each registered one win on the season. Taylor leads the team in singles play with 16 wins, while Jamie Vizelman is second on the team with 10 wins. 10 other Tartans have won at least one match in singles play so far this year.
Wheaton (Ill.) enters the week at 10-1 overall, with a combined 32-11 mark in doubles play and a 73-13 combined record in singles play. Bethany Hoogerheide and Emma Westwick lead the team in doubles play with 12 wins, while Nicole Freeman and Sara Magnuson have 10 doubles wins on the year. Three other doubles pairs each have at least one win on the year. Claire Dibble and Hoogerheide share the team lead in singles wins with 13, while three others each have 12 wins in singles play. Another three players have won at least one match in singles play on the year.
Rockhurst enters the week at 5-3 overall, with a combined 12-10 doubles record and a combined mark of 24-23 in singles play. Anilu Barraza and Octavia Malin lead the team in doubles play with seven wins, while Sam Czarnecki and Paula Romero have three wins in doubles play. Sara Flaxbeard and Emma Persson also have one doubles win on the year. Octavia Malin leads the team in singles wins with six, while Sam Czarnecki is second on the team with five singles wins. Anilu Barraza has won four singles matches, while Persson and Paula Romero each have three singles wins. Flaxbeard also has contributed one singles win.
Series History vs. Opponents - This will be the first matchup between Lees-McRae and each of its opponents in women's tennis program history.
For more information of Lees-McRae Athletics, follow us on our social media sites on Twitter (@LMCBobcats), Facebook (Lees-McRae Athletics) and on Instagram (leesmcraeathletics).


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The Huron-Clinton Metroparks consist of 13 beautiful parks, covering more than 25,000 acres throughout southeast Michigan, encompassing Livingston, Macomb, Oakland, Washtenaw and Wayne counties.
5140 Main Park Dr
Shelby Twp. 48316
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A full service women's fitness studio offering cardio, strength training and restorative group fitness classes - all in a community driven atmosphere centered on positivity and female empowerment.
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Albany, NY – The Sage Colleges' department of athletics has announced the selection of Christine Kemp (Putnam Valley, NY) to the position of assistant athletic trainer. A 2011 graduate of Skidmore College, Kemp is no stranger to the Capital District having excelled both athletically and academically during her collegiate career for the Thoroughbreds.
She joins the athletic department at Sage after serving the past two years as a student assistant athletic trainer at Bridgewater State University (MA), where she earned her master of science degree in athletic training in May of 2013. A cum laude graduate at Skidmore College, Kemp earned her bachelor of science degree in health and exercise science, while also earning Liberty League All-Academic honors in both field hockey and basketball, while also earning a spot on the National Field Hockey Coaches Association National Academic Squad. A three-time All-American at Skidmore in field hockey, she was also cited three times during her career as the Liberty League Field Hockey Player of the Year. She excelled on the hardwood as well serving as the basketball team captain for the 2010-2011 season and earned team defensive player of the year honors as a senior.
A graduate of Putnam Valley High School, Kemp has extensive athletic training and clinical experience in collegiate and high school settings. While pursuing her master's degree at Bridgewater State, she assisted with the coverage of football, men's and women's soccer, volleyball, field hockey, men's and women's basketball programs and spent five months with similar duties at Stonehill College in Easton, Massachusetts. Most recently in the spring of 2013, she was assisgned to at Bishop Stang High School in North Dartmouth, Massachusetts, where she provided athletic training coverage for 15 of their varsity programs as part of her clinical assignments.
Kemp also brings to Sage extensive experience in physical therapy and is pursuing her certification in strength training and conditioning.


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Down on the Farm Basket with SQUEAKY Toys: 3 Sizes
The perfect choice for herders and other working dogs! Adorable toys from the farm are nestled together in a colorful basket with 2 all natural, extra thick and meaty beef cheeks. The toys we choose from include horses, pigs, sheep, cows, rabbits, and ducks.
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Want to create a custom basket? Email email@example.com with how much you want to spend and any special touches you have in mind. We will take care of everything.


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Balconies are a valuable addition to any apartment, residence or constructing and have a lot of utilizes. A balcony adjoining a dining room or sitting down room adds an additional dimension to any residence. With no a doubt, balconies are the excellent selection for an outdoors room extension. Little-sized balconies are great additions which enrich any living place, even though big-sized balconies can be utilised as key living places which bring the great outdoors into watch. Present day, vintage or a modern fashion? All of these are possible choices.
Underneath we focus on how a balcony can assistance us help save dollars:
Help save Some Income and Get Some Exercising
It normally feels very good to escape outdoors to get some peace. On the other hand, in this active earth of ours, it is usually difficult to get out of the household every single working day to get some fresh air. You can use your balcony for this objective, and you can even drag your yoga rug on to the balcony to exercising in the morning or even later on in the working day immediately after perform.
Enjoy a Unique Take care of in just Your House
A fantastic hotel-fashion balcony outdoors the sitting down room or bed room is a very good selection and establishes a link involving the outdoors and the inside. A balcony which is large more than enough for a table and two chairs results in a special spot to take pleasure in a dawn breakfast or a sunset dinner.
Sightseeing with no Shelling out a Penny
A balcony can provide a bird's-eye watch of the space even though you sit or browse a e-book. A higher-level balcony can get lots of the solar and provides sky views, which will give you a new strength to kick-start every working day.
Help save Strength and Give far more Daily life to Your Apparel
You can run a clothesline on the balcony and air dries as much of the laundry as you can. Abnormal use of the dryer can be detrimental for your clothes, so you should not overdo it. This can weaken the fibers of the clothes. If you partially dry your clothes so that they are a little damp, and then hold them to air dry on your balcony, you will not only help save strength and dollars, but your linens and clothes and other items will previous much for a longer time.
Permits Additional Privateness
A balcony is ordinarily surrounded by the three partitions of the household or apartment. This usually means you can have lots of privateness when utilizing your balcony for any objective.
Grow Organic Food items at No More Expense
A balcony is an best spot for expanding greens utilizing the container vegetable gardening approach. There are a lot of rewards to this form of gardening. The greens can be developed in magnificent pots even though city architecture can impact the variety of show you want. In addition, you can modify the mixtures and layouts on a whim by swapping plants, as very well as transfer the containers. This will not only help save you dollars, but will also deliver you with balanced natural and organic meals.
In a nutshell, the subsequent rewards can be attained by possessing a balcony:
- Use the balcony for yoga or exercising and help save dollars that you would have put in at the gym.
- Place a cozy couch or a comfortable chair on the balcony and take pleasure in the fresh air like you would in a park.
- A balcony can provide great scenic views.
- A balcony is a link involving the outdoors and the inside of a residence.
- A little table and some chairs can make a balcony a special spot to take pleasure in foods.
- A balcony can deliver a bird's-eye watch of the earth even though you just sit, think or browse a novel.
- A balcony provides lots of solar and sky views.
- A balcony can be utilised to expand your own greens.


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July 12, 2017
*Permission is hereby granted to reprint article
Rebuttal to CNPS Vol. 47 (July – Sept. 2017) Pro – SB 249 Political Campaign Article: Environmental Damage from OHV Activity is Outpacing California's Ability to Repair It
This is a response to a recent California Native Plant Society (CNPS) anti-OHV political campaign (SB 249) article that was referenced (page 22) in the official California Department of Parks and Recreation Weekly Digest published on July 7, 2017.
SB 249 was crafted in the dark of night by the California Native Plant Society (CNPS) and a small group of extreme environmental groups over the course of the last two years without OHV involvement. At this time, not one OHV organization supports SB 249.
The bill fundamentally redirects this environmentally sound, highly successful and nationally acclaimed OHV program – with a recreation focus – to a non-OHV program with a preservation focus that relies on lawsuits and trail closures as primary "management" tools.
Since the creation of the California OHV program with the passage of the Chappie-Z'Berg OHV Act in 1971, OHV leaders have played an important role as stakeholders each time the program has come up for sunset review and reauthorization. OHV leadership has a wide variety of expertise in all issues relating to OHV recreation, both technical and environmental, with specific knowledge on the interaction between state and federal land management processes.
Entire sections of SB 249 significantly alter priorities in ways that are obviously unacceptable to active California recreationists. There are also numerous examples of incorrect definitions, calls for unnecessary reports and demands for duplicative agency consultation that portray a lack of understanding of the interplay already required to create best management practices for areas that host OHV recreation.
It is clear that CNPS and partners crafted this bill with a goal of unduly hampering and purposely setting roadblocks to a program that is world renowned for its existing high standards with regards to both recreation opportunities and environmental conditions. They want the motorized parks to be held to an environmental standard equal to the non-motorized parks – an absurdity at every level.
Furthermore there is no accountability for either reliably foreseen or unanticipated consequences of the drastic measures called for in the bill. Based on estimates from DPR and OHV experts, the magnitude of the costs to the state for land restoration and mitigation for federal, city and county lands, as called for by SB 249, could range from $11M to $20M per year. Expected legal liability cost estimates could be in the tens of millions of dollars per year.
SB 249 focuses solely on management of natural and cultural resources while ignoring important recreation-related water quality and soil erosion mitigation measures and trail facility maintenance activities.
SB 249 contains errors in the description of adaptive management as it is used in conjunction with a monitoring program. To those experienced in land policy, adaptive management is an ongoing process of evaluation leading to changes in operations to improve on-the-ground conditions. Many components are part of this process, although the bill stresses solely natural and cultural resources.
OHV stakeholders believe that water quality, erosion and sedimentation evaluations are equally critical, although none of these important issues are mentioned. Furthermore, natural and cultural resources are mentioned many times in the bill without adequate definition which will only lead to confusion in future decisions.
SB 249 seeks to prohibit use of existing roads in state vehicular recreation areas that were created by previous land owners. The bill would require the state to compile reports of accidents, citations and other infractions from all areas of the state, including federal lands, where off-road recreation occurs. This is a burden placed on no other unit of state parks, the information is not currently collected by state parks, nor is it required by any federal agency. Furthermore there is no justification for the need for this report, leading OHV leadership to conclude this is an unwarranted data collection effort that will be used by SB 249 proponents to discredit public land agencies and off-road recreationists.
SB 249 requires the Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation (OHMVR) Division to change its purpose from managing for sustainable off-road recreation to primarily managing for non-recreation focused on the protection of natural and cultural resources.
SB 249 seeks to portray and require restoration work to be done in an absolute fashion and be fully mitigated no matter the cause of the damage. Wildfires, earthquakes, rain and other weather phenomena can cause considerable damage, yet the effect of this damage is not differentiated from ongoing maintenance due to OHV activities. Other state parks are not responsible for acts of Mother Nature and it is inappropriate to place that burden on this program and this division. Minimizing impact to land from all forms of human interaction, whether through motorized or non-motorized activities is a goal already undertaken by all park units to the extent possible.
SB 249 adds numerous agencies for consultation and written reports as requirements to be produced, which does nothing to improve environmental conditions on the ground. The redirected time will make performing environmental activities and restoration difficult, be extremely time consuming and add a considerable cost consideration for all entities concerned when there is no indication that anything is amiss in the current program.
The OHMVR Division does much more than manage State Vehicular Recreation Areas (SVRAs). Its efforts include everything from law enforcement to supporting the economic viability of rural counties. The program also supports OHV recreation on lands managed by the Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management and counties.
Again, I believe the regulatory mandates and related compliance requirements place the entire program (SVRAs and units managed by the USFS/BLM/counties) in both legal and fiscal jeopardy. The legislation creates a target rich environment for future litigation based on the alleged failure of the OHVMR Division and other units to comply with a host of new and unwarranted regulations and reporting schedules.
OHV organizations are urging legislators and the Governor to support reauthorization of the current program that was substantially improved upon 10 years ago in a bipartisan manner under the leadership of Senator Darrell Steinberg (SB 742).
Don Amador was a member of the 2007 bipartisan legislative team that drafted SB742 upon which the current OHV program is based. Don works as a consultant to the BlueRibbon Coalition/Sharetrails.org. Don is president of Quiet Warrior Racing, a recreation consulting business. Don is a 2016 inductee into the Off-Road Motorsports Hall of Fame. Don was also an OHMVR Commissioner (1994-2000) Don may be reached by email at: email@example.com


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Stealth technology can ensure that, for example, an airplane is barely visible on the radar. If you look at this unique face shield from a distance, it seems like you see an even light gray surface. Nothing could be further from the truth however! When you get closer, you discover that this entire face shield is covered with white SA Company signs. Very clever face shield design!
Face shields
Face shields offer protection against all kinds of weather conditions and they also look stylish. Face shields can be used in many different ways. There are more than ten different possibilities in which you can wear a face shield - as a hat, headband, scarf and so on! They are lightweight and comfortable. Face shields drain moisture, dry quickly and breathe well. You'll be amazed at how effective a face shield regulates your skin temperature and controls your hydration level, keeping you fresh and ready when you're out and about!
Technical specifications
- Brand: SA Company
- One size fits all
- 100% seamless
- Moist repellent
- Odor control
- Highly elastic
- Fast-drying
- Stain resistant
- Product dimensions: 25 x 50 cm
- Weight: 37 gram
- Machine washable
- Do not iron
Item number: SA-50263


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New day with a fresh new tool , today's tool is like a sword in web marketing, imagine how many people around the planet is looking for what your are trying to sell? can you imagine how many people are involved in Facebook and how many of them are following pages that are similar or near of what you are marketing? so how to get those people? it is very hard to have them especially on Facebook system which bans any one trying to scrape people profiles and pages with automated processes. BUT today is not like any other day! We have developed a little online tool, that can scrape these profiles, what you have to do is a copy-paste process, you copy the post URL that you want to scrape the people who liked it, and our tool will give you a list of those people in CSV file format, the data scraped will be like the following:
- Profile name
- Profile ID
- profile Email (the Facebook email)
- Profile URL
Our tool will scrape the first 1000 profiles of any post you choose, we have done this restriction only to save some bandwidth and resources on our server as it hosts many of our tools.
if you have any recommendations or just need a help don't hesitate to contact us through the comments or use the contact us form.
Facebook Likes Scraper


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Formula-1 cars were a class apart, their engines deafening, with shining armor and lighting speed they almost seemed out of this world. We were totally thrilled and amazed as the cars zoomed around in a bid to set the fastest time. McLaren's were setting the pace in the first and the second qualifiers. It was no surprise they set up scorching laps to grab 1-2, Hamilton at pole and Alonso second. They left hapless Raikonnen and Massa in their wake at 5 and 3 respectively. I have watched formula-1 racing for many years but seeing the action from the track is a different experience altogether.
Hot sun ensured that we took about an hour to set camp. There were hundreds of campers in that campsite from all over the world. Unable to bear the heat and direct sunlight we lazed away in our AC SUV till the sun came down a little. Then it was time to cook some delicious snacks, play soccer, Frisbee and the finally more cooking, dinner this time. Camping was more fun that we had anticipated. Later that night we had fun playing poker in a clearing between our tents.
We were very pleased watching the race first hand and I hope I get to catch the race in a European circuit and check out the atmosphere there. If you are a racing fan this is a must!


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Request a Sample
These relays make costly explosion-proof enclosures with their special mounting requirements unnecessary. No purging is required.
Sensor closures up to 1000 ohms resistance control resistive loads to 5A at 120 VAC, 120 VAC, N.O. model.
Hazardous Locations: Classes I & II, Divisions 1 & 2, Groups A, B, C, D, E, F & G
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At the beginning of a new year, many people choose a word or phrase they want to guide them for the year. Usually, this is an inspirational or motivational word or saying. For this year, I have chosen the word joy. In 2017, I would like to not only feel joy more often but also to seek out joy when possible. I have a tendency to be negative or pessimistic. The more I concentrate on negativity, the more unhappy I feel, which makes me more negative, and so on and so on. This obviously isn't a great cycle to get stuck in.
I am going to change that this year. 2017 is going to be a year of joy for me! That is why I was so excited to see this awesome "Choose Joy" shirt at Cents of Style:
A great reminder of my 2017 word of the year!
Inspire & save!
For Fashion Friday, Cents of Style has 50% off of graphic tees + free shipping! Just use code INSPIRE17 today only.
Here are more shirts you may find inspirational – or maybe they just describe you perfectly! Hurry and save on yours today.


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Are you as sick and tired of me talking about going on this world tour as I am sick and tired of me talking about going on this world tour?
Just go already.
Okay. We are off.
Doctor cleared me for travel and all our final details and tasks have been completed. I feel bad that, due to my illness, I was unable to say goodbye, in person to many people I love. But you all know I love you.
And so we go! Chapter Five will begin with an overnight stop in Dubai, before landing in Thailand on December 1st. We will spend five weeks in Thailand, then a week in Cambodia, then back to Thailand for another three weeks. Chapter Five will continue with a month in Vietnam and 9 days in Laos. And a great deal of this time with my boys!
That will wrap up Chapter Five and our SE Asia tour. From there it's on to New Zealand (Chapter Six).
Thank you for following our journey. It's not a vacation, it's our life and the fact that anyone finds it unique or interesting makes me happy. If we can inspire anybody out there to shed the anchors that make you unhappy and Go Be Fabulous – then we have accomplished our dream.
Have No Fear. Dream Big. Take Charge of Your Destiny. And most of all – Go Be Fabulous!


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The Sky Blues popular matchday restaurant package for last game before Christmas has sold out but is still available throughout the season...Coventry City's popular restaurant package for the Fleetwood fixture has sold out.
Supporters will be enjoying premium benefits for the game, but those who missed out can enjoy the experience for our other games this campaign.
These benefits include:
• 3 Course dining in the Matchday Restaurant
• Padded seat in the corporate seating area
• Complimentary matchday programmes and team sheets
• Man of the Match interview and presentation
• VIP car parking (one space per 4 places booked)
All of this and more are just £69 + VAT per person - with concession and Season Ticket holder discounts also available
For further details on availability throughout the remainder of the season, please call 02476 992 329 or email email@example.com.


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Sgt. Joseph Morrissey thanked the development and acquisition professionals involved in procuring the equipment that saved his life when the Program Executive Office Soldier presented him the interceptor body armor that protected him.
Morrissey, 26, of the 4th Squadron, 73rd Cavalry Regiment, 4th Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division, received the body armor during a Sept. 18 ceremony at PEO Soldier headquarters on Fort Belvoir.
"Without you, I wouldn't be here," he said to those in attendance. "It has been a little over a year since the incident happened and last year I was able to come home from that deployment."
Morrissey, while serving a tour in Afghanistan, was shot in his lower abdomen Aug. 9, 2012, by a 7.62 mm round in a five-round burst from 30 meters away after he got out of his truck to warn children not to play with concertina wire. The armor plate blocked the bullet and he continued to patrol for 48 more hours.
Since the attack, Morrissey married his fiancée, Nikki, who is now seven months pregnant. Morrissey is stationed in Fort Bragg and said his wedding day was the best day of his life.
Morrissey will display the body armor in his home and it will be a Family heirloom. He received the armor after it was tested for a year. The Army tests all personal protective equipment damaged during combat. PEO Soldier personnel performed forensic engineering analysis to find out how the body armor performed under the Joint Trauma Analysis and Prevention of Injury in Combat Program.
"I think that, in general, not just my husband, but military personnel should get more recognition, as well as the people that are making the equipment for them," Nikki Morrissey said.
After Morrissey was shot, he was taken back to the patrol base, according to Command Sgt. Maj. Emmett Maunakea of PEO Soldier. A medical evacuation helicopter was called in to attend to Morrissey because personnel thought he was going to have to be flown to another location. However, he went back on patrol after his interceptor body armor was replaced.
Maunakea formally presented Morrissey with the body armor on Sept. 18.
"This is where it all culminates," Maunakea said. "You've got a Soldier who got hit, went back in, continued a patrol, finished the entire rotation, came back and he is standing here today."
Soldiers who are leaders fight even after they have been hit, Maunakea said. He expressed appreciation for the dedication of Soldiers. Maunakea also thanked the acquisition personnel because their efforts saved Morrissey's life.
Francis Hayden, operations chief for PEO Soldier, said that it was rewarding to see Morrissey come to Fort Belvoir to receive his Enhanced Small Armed Protective interceptor body armor. He said the purpose of his office is to procure equipment that saves lives. Morrissey said he will tell his fellow Soldiers about how many people are involved in procuring the equipment that the service uses.
"We provide the best equipment to our Soldiers," Hayden said. "When we hold these events, Soldiers will call us, or Family members will call us, and just want to thank us for getting their Family members back home because of the products that we procure."


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See the fresh moods of Sydney come to life in the spectacular architecture. Every aspect is designed to hug the views, the neighbouring parkland and foreshore.
Vertical gardens enliven the façade. Residents-only communal spaces flow above and below with retail stores providing convenient amenities at your doorstep.
Sleek glass balustrades and floor-to-ceiling glazing keep the phenomenal vistas unimpeded with oversized balconies designed for seamless indoor-outdoor living year round. Many apartments feature study nooks or full-sized studies along with plentiful storage ensuring utmost versatility for diverse lifestyles.


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Yuletide Plants from the Global Gardencomments (0) December 19th, 2016
In all the hustle and bustle around the holidays, it's nice to take a moment to recognize how many plants are put to work to help us celebrate. Certainly Christmas wouldn't be complete without a fir tree, but there are many other garden plants that are an important part of the holiday, too.
Mistletoe, holly, and winterberries are some of the typical evergreens we use to decorate both indoors and outside. However, the other plants helping with the seasonal celebration include all the exotic spices mixed into our holiday baking. Citrus fruits, nuts, berries, and herbs are also essential ingredients.
Plants that originated in far flung parts of the world found their way into our homes and our hearts at holiday time. It's like a global celebration of the garden.
"Every plant's history hangs like a treasured ornament from the world tree that gives us a home in the universe," writes Christian Ratsch in the preface to his fascinating book called Pagan Christmas.
Have you ever noticed how many Christmas ornaments and decorations are either made from or made to look like apples, acorns, cranberries, popcorn, and nuts? These symbols of the garden have been used as decorations for hundreds of years because of their value as food sources in winter.
People showed their love of hazelnuts by decorating them with feathers and hanging them on the Christmas tree to symbolize little angels. When used as Christmas decorations, walnuts are considered a symbol of both fertility and immortality.
Oranges, pomegranates and lemons also have a long history of being used at holiday time. These fruits originated in the Mediterranean and represented their grower's prospects for a good harvest for the year.
Orange pomander balls, decorated with whole cloves, added fragrance to freshen the air when hung from mantels and trees. Dried orange slices are still fashioned into ornaments because they look like little sun wheels that help brighten dark winter days.
As you get ready to celebrate the holidays, think about all the plants that bring us so much joy this time of year: vanilla, cinnamon, chile peppers, cloves, anise, cardamom, and most especially the cocoa fruit and all its many forms of chocolate.
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Military Times' sports blog After Action is putting together a collection of this year's best Spirit Spots ahead of the Army-Navy Game on Dec. 11. This is the early leader for Spirit Spot of the year. Go check out After Action for full Army-Navy coverage.
Shake Weight arrives in Annapolis for Army-Navy game0


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Updated on July 18th, 2017: The Pharrell x adidas Tennis Hu Collection releases in the US on July 28th, 2017 for $130.
After what seems like a bit of a hiatus, Pharrell and adidas Originals are finally back with a few more colorways of the Tennis Hu, the music and fashion icon's first official signature model with the brand. The three most colorful looks yet for the Stan Smith-inspired sneaker are up next, with multicolor, white/pink/blue, and and tan with a pink and orange marbled foam sole. The hard part is deciding which to go with. Maybe all three? Take your pick, and find them at select adidas Originals retailers in Europe on July 21st, and stay tuned to Sneaker News for a US drop date. You can also expect more Tennis Hu colorways in early August.
Pharrell x adidas Tennis Hu
Release Date: July 21st, 2017 (Europe)
Release Date: July 28th, 2017 (US)
Style Code: BY2671 (Light Blue)
Style Code: BY2672 (Tan)
Style Code: BY2673 (Multi-color)
Style Code: CQ1872 (Teal)
Source: Solebox


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Dean Danilo L. Concepcion of the UP College of Law ascends as the 21st UP President, assuming office on February 10, 2017.
Concepcion earned his degree, Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering in De La Salle Araneta University, summa cum laude, in 1979. He topped the licensure examination for agricultural engineers. In 1983, he finished his Bachelor of Laws at the University of the Philippines Diliman, cum laude, also garnering a top spot in the Bar examinations. He was also a Chevening scholar in Queen Mary College of the University of London, earning his Master of Laws in 1986.
In 1996, he was appointed to the Securities and Exchange Commission as its Associate Commissioner.
In 2000, he became the president of De La Salle Araneta University.
In 2002, he came back to University of the Philippines as the Associate Dean of the UP College of Law, Director of the Institute of Judicial Administration, and Head of the UP Law Center.
In 2011, he was chosen as the 14th dean of the UP College of Law. Also, he was the executive director of the UP Bonifacio Global City campus before being chosen as the 21st UP President.
Excerpts from http://www.up.edu.ph/danilo-concepcion-steps-in-as-21st-up-president/ and http://law.upd.edu.ph/danilo-l-concepcion/


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The Hanging Rock Winery sources fruit from all over Victoria. We source grapes from regions that best suit certain varieties. For example, due to the warm days and cold nights that they receive in Bendigo, Cabernet grows very well there. The cold nights help develop great tannin structure, just the way we like our Cabs.
2017 was another hot and dry season and yields were below average but generally better than anticipated, and the fruit quality is excellent.
A lifted bouquet of cassis and aniseed precedes a palate of sweet winter fruits, blood plums and blackberries. The palate is long and fleshed out. Good acid structure and chalky tannins complete this delicious package.
Cellaring: Short to medium-term cellaring.
Food Matching: This wine is best enjoyed with red and game meats such as light lamb dishes or cold beef salad and is ideal for immediate drinking.
Awards: None yet but watch this space


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The Commercial Plan Review Division reviews and approves commercial and multi-family plans for new construction, remodels, revisions to approved permits, change of uses and certificate of occupancy/compliance. Plan Reviewers include staff from the Fire Department, Austin Water Utility (Industrial Waste) and Austin/Travis County Health Department (food service businesses).
Once your building plan has been approved, a permit to commence the permitted work will be issued. All permitted work must be inspected by inspectors in the Building Inspection Division.
The City follows the 2015 International Building Code (IBC) and Building Technical Codes (Local Amendments).
Before submitting an application, you must resolve any expired permits on your property. Check for expired permits. Expired permits can be resolved by following the process described here.
View work exempt from permits (scroll to bottom of page). Work must still comply with applicable Building Codes, City Codes, and other applicable ordinances.
Call 3-1-1 (inside the city limits), or 512-974-2000 (outside the city limits).
You may also contact us via e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.
If an appointment is needed to address review comments, please schedule with your assigned Reviewer.
Appointments will not be limited to the morning walk-in consultation periods.
Intake & General Information:
Monday - Friday
8am – 12pm
Review Staff & Standalone Trade Permit Consultations:
8am – 12pm
Quick Turn-around:
Monday - Thursday
8am – 11am


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You may have noticed I've been super quiet on here, not posting since the very start of the year really I haven't posted that much on most of my social media compared to usual. I don't really have any reason for this aside from the fact I fell out of love with blogging. I no longer felt inspired I felt like my content wasn't good enough I felt like there was no point me writing anymore 'cause what I was writing was rubbish, I hated my photos and every time I took outfit photos I wanted to cry. Instead of actually writing I spent my time over analysing every inch of my photos especially out fit ones picking faults with how I looked deleting them all ridiculously unhappy with how clothes look on me. I won't lie I still sorta feel like this but being back at the gym 4 times a week and cutting down on rubbish foods is helping me out but still it could be a while till we have full body outfit shots haha. As for blogging itself I just felt like I was going through the motions I was just writing for the sake of writing with no enthusiasm or anything which resulted in posts I wasn't happy with.
Today however I was laid in the bath last night and I just felt so inspired to pick up my camera and start taking photos again and to start writing about my life again. I have so many exciting things coming up, I have trips and gigs and so much Disney planning to write about. I also miss writing about food, I've cooked loads recently and tried so many new places I just want to start sharing these things with you all again. I feel well and truly inspired and I'm so excited to be back and start sharing my life again, over the next few weeks though I'll make sure you're all up to date with my life 'cause I've done quite a bit in the past 3 months!
Of course with not blogging I haven't caught up on any blogs so if you've wrote anything recently please do share a link 'cause I miss reading blogs too! Here's to being back in the blogosphere I'm excited to be back, my photography and writing is going to be a little rusty but I'm sure I'll get the hang of it again!


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The White Coat Committee is an established organization that works every semester to produce a White Coat Ceremony for the MD4 class. Each Class (MD1-MD4) has their own committee members selected from their respected classes that work on planning year round. SJSM's White Coat Ceremony is a celebration signifying the accomplishment of finishing the Basic Sciences program (MD1-MD4).
This ceremony involves the tradition of "cloaking" (aka "robing") white coats. The committee is in charge of raising funds to purchase the ceremony supplies, finding a suitable venue, establishing menus, sending out invitations, and media coverage just to name a few. WCC members make an impact on the community by forming relationships with local businesses earning their support, participation, and sometimes even sponsorship for the White Coat Ceremony Event. The committee holds various events throughout each semester, such as but not limited to- sporting events, bake sales, photo shoots, and parties.
What is the White Coat Ceremony or WCC?
In case you were wondering…
The WCC is a ceremony that includes a formal "robing" or "cloaking" of students in the white coats that physicians and health professionals traditionally wear. This rite of passage signifies a medical student's transition from pre-clinical to clinical health status aka symbolizing the "Conversion" of a lay person into a member of the healthcare profession. WCCs typically address the issue of medical ethics and praise rising students for their success in completing the basic science coursework of medicine.
Notice: White Coats for the White Coat Ceremony must be short in length. For females and males they are expected to run no more than 30-33 inches in length.