text:
Shelley Kay Hill, R.N. vs.
Department Of Health, Board Of Nursing
Status: Closed
Settled and/or Dismissed prior to entry of RO/FO on Tuesday, August 18, 2015.
Settled and/or Dismissed prior to entry of RO/FO on Tuesday, August 18, 2015.
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13vs. Case No. 14 - 4511RU
29Pursuant to notice, a hearing was conducted in this case on
40January 27, 2015, by video teleconference at sites in Orlando
50and Tallahassee, Florida, b efore Administrative Law Judge
58F. Scott Boyd of the Division of Administrative Hearings (DOAH) .
70For Petitioner: George F. Indest III, E squire
78Carole C. Schriefer, Esquire
82Joanne Kenna, Esquire
85The Health Law Firm
891101 Douglas Avenue
92Altamonte Springs, Florida 32714
96For Respondent : Lee Ann Gustafson , Esquire
103Rachel W. Clark, Esquire
107Department of Legal Affairs
111The Capitol, Plaza Level 01
116Tallahassee, Florida 32399
124Whether the statement that " T he injection of Botox is not
135within the scope of practice for registered nurses and does not
146constitute the administration of med i cation , " ( " the Boto x
157statement " ) constitutes an unadopted rule in violation of
166section 120.54(1), Florida Statutes ( 2014 ) . 1/
177Petitioner , Shelley Kay Hill , a licensed r egistered n urse ,
187filed t his unadopted rule challenge on September 24, 2014 .
198Respondent , the Department of Health, Board of Nursing, filed a
208Motion for Summary Final Order on October 7, 2014, which was
219denied. The case was set for hearing on October 15, 2014.
230Petitioner filed eight requests for official recognition,
237which were not timely opposed by Respondent. All requests were
247granted, with the exception of the fifth request, which was
257granted in part and denied in part; and the seventh and eighth
269requests, w hich were denied.
274Petitioner served Respondent with 12 Requests for Admission
282on October 17, 2014. A dditional and amended r equests were filed
294on October 20, 2014, bringing the total to 23 Requests for
305A dmission. Respondent timely provided r esponse s to th e original
31712 requests on November 6, 2014. Respondent did not timely
327respond to the additional amended r equests.
334After continuance, the hearing was conducted on January 27,
3432015. At hearing, the parties stipulated to several facts,
352which were accepted and have been incorporated into the Findings
362of Fact below. Petitioner offered 15 exhibits at hearing, but
37214 of these were not accepted, as they were the cases and
384materials already official ly recogni zed . 2/ A copy of the
396Administrative Complaint was ac cepted into evidence as Exhibit
405P- 8. Notwithstanding Respondent ' s failure to respond to
415Petitioner ' s Amended Requests for Admission, Respondent disputed
424some of these admissions at hearing. In the interest of hearing
435the case on the merits, and because Petitioner failed to show
446any prejudice, Respondent was permitted to withdraw the default
455admissions and to deny some of the Amended Requests for
465Admission at hearing. Respondent also moved for reconsideration
473of the Orders granting official recognition be cause Respondent
482did not receive timely notice under section 90.203(1) , Florida
491Statutes . The motion was denied, as further discussed below.
501Respondent offered no exhibits. Neither party offered any
510T he one - volume T ranscript was filed on Febr uary 25 , 2015.
524Proposed final orders were timely submitted by both parties and
534were carefully considered.
540The following facts are found, as stipulated, admitted, or
549officially recognized (duplicates have been set forth only
558Stipulated Facts
5601 . Ms. Shelley Kay Hill is a registered nurse in the s tate
574of Florida, license number RN 9317251.
5802 . The D epartment of Health (DOH) is a state agency
592charged with regulating the practice of nursing pursuant to
601section 20.43, chapter 456, and chapter 464, Florida Statutes.
6103 . Section 464.018(1)(h) provides that unprofessional
617conduct as defined by Board of Nursing rule constitutes gro unds
628for disciplinary action.
6314 . Florida Administrative Code Rule 64B9 - 8.005(13)
640provides that unprofessional conduct includes practicing beyond
647the scope of the licensee ' s license, educational preparation or
658nursing experience.
6605 . Ms. Hill is licensed p ursuant to c hapter 464 and is a
675health care practitioner as defined in section 456.001(4).
6836. Botox is a medication.
6887 . It is within the scope of practice for registered
699nurses in the s tate of Florida to administer medication.
7098 . As of October 17, 2014, the Florida Board of Nursing
721website located at http://floridasnursing.gov/general - faqs
727states that a practical or registered nurse may not inject Botox
738as it is not within the scope of practice for practical or
750registered nurses.
7529. As of October 17, 20 14, the Florida Board of Nursing
764website located at http://floridasnursing.gov/general - faqs
770states that Botox injection does not constitute the
778administration of medication.
78110 . Petitioner ' s Request s for Admission served on
792Respondent DOH on October 17, 2 014, in this case include an
804Exhibit " A " which is a printout of the " General FAQs " from the
816Board of Nursing ' s website on October 17, 2014.
82611 . The scope of practice for a registered nurse licensed
837in the s tate of Florida includes the administration of
847me dications.
84912 . Injection is a form of administration of medication.
85913 . Registered nurses are allowed to inject medications
868within the scope of nursing practice in the state of Florida.
8791 4 . As of October 17, 2014, the Florida Board of Nursing
892website (located at http://floridasnursing.gov/general - faqs),
898under the s ection " General FAQs, " states:
905Can a practical or registered
910nurse inject Botox?
913The injection of Botox is not within the
921s cop e of practice for practical or
929registered nurses and does not constitute
935the administration of medication.
9391 5 . Petitioner ' s Amended Request s for Admission include
951Exhibit RFA - 1 , served on Respondent DOH on October 20, 2014 ,
963which is an accurate copy of a printout from the Florida Board
975of Nursing ' s website ( h ttp://floridasnursing.gov/general - faqs)
985under the Section " General FAQs, " as it existed on October 17,
9971 6 . Proposed Exhibit P - 5, a copy of the proposed exhibit
1011attached to Petitioner ' s Amended Request s for Admission as " RFA -
10241 " that was served on Respondent DOH on October 20, 2014 , is
10371 7 . Proposed Exhibit P - 5, the exhibit attached to the
1050Petitioner ' s Amended Request s for Admission as " RFA - 1 " that was
1064served on Respondent DOH on October 20, 2014 , is admissible.
10741 8 . Injection is one of the methods of administration of a
108819 . There has been no Florida Law Weekly notice regarding
1099rulemaking as it relates to the injection of Botox by nurses.
11102 0 . The definition of " registered nurse, " as stated in
1121section 4 64.003(22), is as follows: "' Registered nurse ' means
1132any person licensed in this state to practice professional
1141nursing. "
11422 1 . Botox is a drug.
11492 2 . The Florida Department of Health and the Florida Board
1161of Nursing have disciplined registered nurses for administering
1169Botox by injection, as indicated in Final Order No. DOH 12 - 2134 -
1183S - MQA in Department of Health vs. Debra Ann Leckron, R.N. , DOH
1196Case No. 2012 - 01979, filed October 11, 2012 . (Order entered
1208Nov. 20, 2014).
12112 3 . The Florida Department of Health and the Florida Board
1223of Nursing have disciplined registered nurses for administering
1231Botox by injection, as indicated in Final Order No. DOH 14 - 0617 -
1245S - MQA in Department of Health vs. Maritza Novas, R.N. , DOH Case
1258Nos. 2013 - 05848 and 2013 - 06561, filed April 18, 2014. (Order
1271entered Nov. 20, 2014).
127524 . The Board of Nursing ' s statements regarding the
1286injection of Botox by nurses are statements of general
1295applicability to nurses.
12992 5 . There is no Florida Administrative Code r ule that
1311specifically prohibits the administration of Botox.
13172 6 . The Florida Board of Nursing has made no declaratory
1329statements regarding the administration of Botox by nurses.
1337Official ly Recognized Facts
13412 7 . On October 24, 2014, t he official website of the
1354Florida Board of Nursing, on its " General FAQs " (Frequently
1363Asked Questions) web page, contain ed the following question and
1374Can a practical or registered nurse
1380inject Botox?
1382The injection of B otox is not within the
1391scope of practice for practical or
1397registered nurses and does not constitute
1403the administration of medication.
14072 8 . On October 24, 2014, t he official website of the
1420Florida Board of Nursing, on its Search Results web page, when
1431the term " Botox " was searched, yield ed the following results:
1441Can a practical or registered nurse
1447inject Botox?
1449The injection of Botox is not within the
1457scope of practice for practical or
1463registered nurses and does not constitute
1469the administration of medication.
147329 . On October 28, 2014, t he official website of the
1485Florida Board of Nursing, in its " Help Center " web page,
1495contain ed the following question and answer:
1502Help Center/Can a practical or registered
1508nurse inject Botox?
1511The injection of Botox is not within the
1519scope of practice for practical or
1525registered nurses and does not constitute
1531the administration of medication.
15353 0 . Botox is a pproved by the U.S. Food and Drug
1548Administration (FDA).
1550Ultimate Facts
155231 . The Botox statement constitutes a rule within the
1562definition of section 120.52(16).
156632 . The Botox statement, or a substantially similar
1575statement , ha s not been adopted as a rule under chapter 120
1587procedur es .
159033 . The Board of Nursing did not show that it is not
1603practicable or feasible to adopt the Botox statement as a rule.
1617Standin g and Jurisdiction
16213 4 . In administrative proceedings, standing is a matter of
1632subject matter jurisdiction. Abbott Labs. v. Mylan Pharms.,
1640Inc. , 15 So. 3d 642, 651 n.2 (Fla. 1st DCA 2009). Section
1652120.56(4) provides that " [a]ny person substantially affected by
1660an agency stat ement may seek an administrative determination
1669that the statement violates s. 120.54(1)(a). "
16753 5 . In order to establish standing, a challenger must show
1687an immediate " injury in fact " within the protected " zone of
1697interest . " See, e.g. , Fla. Medical Ass ' n, Inc. v. Dep ' t of
1712Prof ' l Reg. , 426 So. 2d 1112, 1114 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983).
17253 6 . Respondent d id not contest Petitioner ' s standing to
1738challenge the Botox statement. Petitioner is a registered nurse
1747and so is bound by the scope of practice established for
1758registered nurses . The Botox statement declares that certain
1767activity is not within the scope of practice of a registered
1778nurse. Petitioner has standing to challenge the Botox statement
1787as an unadopted rule . See Ward v. Bd. of Trs. of the Int. Imp.
1802Trus t Fund , 651 So. 2d 1236, 1237 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995)(standing
1814is recognized where rule directly regulates the challenger ' s
1824occupational field).
18263 7 . Respondent argues, however, based on United Wisconsin
1836Life Insurance Co. v. Department of Insurance , 831 So. 2d 239
1847(Fla. 1st DCA 2002), that because an Administrative Complaint
1856ha s been filed against Petitioner, s he has a remedy through h er
1870defenses in th at case , and the unadopted rule challenge here is
1882an impermissible collateral attack .
18873 8 . Respondent reads United Wisconsin too broadly. While
1897the unadopted rule challenge in that case was brought against a
1908statement of charges in an administrative complaint , the basis
1917for the court ' s opinion was more narrow . Specifically, the
1929United Wisconsin court first fou nd no showing that th e charges --
1942directed only to United Wisconsin and alleging facial violation
1951of statutory provisions -- were in any way statements of " general
1962applicability. " The court specifically noted that the issues
1970raised by the administrative complaint arose for the first and
1980only time as a result of United Wisconsin ' s actions. The court
1993then went on to state that , " on the present facts , " the
2004unadopted rule challenge also constituted a collateral
201239 . While Petitioner here does challenge the Botox
2021statement appearing in the Administrative Complaint against her ,
2029she also challenges the same and similar statement s as they
2040appear on Respondent ' s website . The Botox statement by its own
2053terms is applicable to both practical and registe red nurses. In
2064fact, the parties stipulated that the Botox statement was a
2074statement of general applicability to nurses. Were United
2082Wisconsin to be read so broadly as to preclude an unadopted rule
2094challenge to such generally applicable statements just because
2102administrative charges have also been filed, th e provisions of
2112section 120.56(4) would be eviscerated , and the unique
2120legislative policy goals 3 / of that statutory section would n ot be
2133achieved . Petitioner has standing and her unadopted rule
2142challenge should not be dismissed under the doctrine of United
2152Wisconsin .
21544 0 . The Division of Administrative Hearings has
2163jurisdiction over the parties and subject matter of this
2172proceeding. § 120.56(4) , Fla. Stat.
2177Burden and Standard of Proof
21824 1 . The burden is on Petitioner to show that the
2194Botox statement constitutes a rule within the meaning of
2203section 120.52 (16) and that Respondent has not adopted it under
2214applicable rulemaking procedure s . § 120.56(4)(a) , Fla. Stat .
2224If Petitioner succeeds , the burden then shift s to Respondent to
2235prove that rulemaking is not feasible or practicable.
2243§ 120.56(4)(b) , Fla. Stat.
22474 2 . The standard of proof is by a preponderance of the
2260evidence. § 120.56(1)(e) , Fla. Stat .
2266Official Recognition
22684 3 . Although Respondent did not timely respond to any of
2280Petitioner ' s several r equests for o fficial r ecognition,
2291Respondent belatedly asserted at hearing that these requests did
2300not technically comply with section 90.203(1), Florida Statutes,
2308because timely written not ice was not given to Respondent and
2319filed in this proceeding .
23244 4 . A technical failure to comply with section 90.203(1)
2335notice provisions is not fatal to a motion to take judicial
2346notice, as long as there has been reasonable notice and an
2357opportunity to be heard. Scripps Research Inst., Inc. v.
2366Scripps Research Inst. , 916 So. 2d 988, 990 (Fla. 4th DCA
23772005)(court may take judicial notice of a matter on its own
2388motion or may excuse the failure of a party requesting judicial
2399notice to comply with written n otice provisions).
24074 5 . In Rogers v. State , 413 So. 2d 1270, 1271 (Fla. 1st
2421DCA 1982), it was held that a criminal defendant was not
2432prejudiced by lack of sufficient notice even though the
2441administrative rule he was charged with violating had been
2450judicially noticed only three days before his trial, because the
2460court found he had been furnished the text of the rule by the
2473information three months earlier. Similarly i n this rule
2482challenge case, the text of the statements on Respondent ' s
2493website were set forth in the original Petition filed by
2503Petitioner on September 24, 2014, and a printout of the website
2514page was attached as an exhibit.
25204 6 . In any event , Respondent c an hardly claim to need an
2534extended period of time to verify whether or not information
2544appears on its own website. The only other item officially
2554recognized in this proceeding that was not also a matter of
2565stipulation was the fact that Botox has been ap proved by the
2577U.S. Food and Drug Administration . 4 / Respondent was given seven
2589days to respond to each of th ese requests for official
2600recognition . This was ample time to determine the accuracy of
2611all of these statements .
26164 7 . At hearing, when asked what prejudice Respondent had
2627suffered by the granting of official recognition, none was
2636alleged, other than that " the rules of evidence are not being
2647followed. " Respondent demonstrated no prejudice. Official
2653recognition was app ropriate.
2657Definition of " Rule "
26604 8 . Section 120.52(16), in relevant part, defines the term
" 2671rule " as follows:
" 2674Rule " means each agency statement of
2680general applicability that implements,
2684interprets, or prescribes law or policy or
2691describes the procedure or practice
2696requirements of an agency and includes any
2703form which imposes any requirement or
2709solicits any informatio n not specifically
2715required by statute or by an existing rule.
2723This definition contains several overlapping elements.
2729Agency Statement
273149 . A petition challenging a statement as an unadopted
2741rule must include the text of the statement or a description of
2753it. A statement may be in any form, and does not need to be in
2768writing. Dep ' t of H igh . Saf. & Motor Veh. v. Schluter , 705 So.
27842d 81, 84 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997). Petitioner sufficiently
2793identified the text of the Botox statement in her petition.
28035 0 . T he statement must be shown to be an " agency "
2816statement , that is, an expression of the agency as an
2826institution , not merely the position of an e mployee acting on
2837h er own . It must be properly attributable to the agency head or
2851some duly - authorized delegate. Id. at 87 (Benton, J.,
2861concurring and dissenting) . T he parties stipulated that the
2871Botox statement appears in several places on the Board of
2881Nursing website . There has been no contention that it is not
2893attributable to the Board.
28975 1 . Respondent notes that an agency statement explaining
2907how an existing rule of general applicability will be applied in
2918a particular set of facts is not itself a r ule. Respondent
2930correctly asserts that it has a duty to enforce the statutory
2941scope of nursing practice and that a n agency is not forced to
2954adopt a rule for " every possible variation on a theme. "
2964Respondent notes that t his level of detail is left for the
2976adjudication process , citing E nvironmental Trust v. Department
2984of Environmental Protection , 714 So. 2d 493, 498 (Fla. 1 st DCA
29975 2 . However, the evidence and argument in this case has
3009not identified any statute or existing rule of general
3018applicability that could be enforce d to prohibit the injection
3028of Botox. In fact, t he " practice of professional nursing " is
3039defined in section 464.003(20) as:
3044The performance of those acts requiring
3050substantial specialized knowledge, judgment,
3054and nursing skill based upon applied
3060principles of psychological, biological,
3064physical, and social s ciences which shall
3071include, but not be limited to:
3077(a) The observation, assessment, nursing
3082diagnosis, planning, intervention, and
3086evaluation of care; health teaching and
3092counseling of the ill, injured, or infirm;
3099and the promotion of wellness, maintenance
3105of health, and prevention of illness of
3113(b) The administration of medications and
3119treatments as prescribed or authorized by a
3126duly licensed practitioner authori zed by the
3133laws of this state to prescribe such
3140medications and treatments.
3143(c) The supervision and teaching of other
3150personnel in the theory and performance of
3157any of the acts described in this
3165A professional nurse is responsible and
3171accoun table for making decisions that are
3178based upon the individual ' s educational
3185preparation and experience in nursing.
3190(Emphasis added.)
31925 3 . The parties stipulated that Botox is a medication,
3203that injection is one of the methods of administration of a
3214medica tion, and that registered nurses are allowed to inject
3224medications within the scope of nursing practice in the state of
3235Florida. T hus , the Botox statement is not just a simple
3246application of statutory language to a particular set of facts.
3256In fact, the b lanket statement prohibiting the injection of
3266Botox, at least superficially , 5/ seems to be completely contrary
3276to the expressed statutory policy. Cf. St. Francis Hosp., Inc.
3286v. Dep ' t of HRS , 553 So. 2d 1351 , 1354 (Fla. 1st DCA
33001989) (statement which expands upon statutory policy or gives it
3310an interpretation not readily apparent from its literal reading
3319re presents agency policy .) The Botox statement is , therefore , a
3330statement of Board policy.
3334General Applicability
33365 4 . The requirement that a statement must be one of
3348general applicability has several facets. It involves first the
3357field of operation of the statement. Dep ' t of Com merce v.
3370Matthews Corp. , 358 So. 2d 256 (Fla. 1st DCA 1978)(w age rate s
3383applicable to public works contracts held not to be rules
3393because they applied only to the construction of a particular
3403public building and did not establish wages elsewhere in the
3413state into the future ) . The Botox statement by its own terms is
3427applicabl e to all practical and registered nurses in the state ,
3438now and into the future for an indefinite period.
34475 5 . The concept of general applicability also involves the
3458force and effect of the statement itself . An agency statement
3469that requires compliance, creates or adversely affects rights,
3477or otherwise has the direct and consistent effect of law is a
3489rule. State Bd. of Admin. v. Huberty , 46 So. 3d 1144, 1147
3501(Fla. 1st DCA 2010). The Botox statement requires compliance by
3511nurses, expressly restricts the ability of nurses to perform
3520certain tasks, and has the direct effect of law. The evidence
3531showed no other provision of the Florida Statutes or Florida
3541Administrative Code which has the effect of prohibiting the
3550injection of Botox. It was stipulated that nurses have been
3560disciplined for actions inconsistent with the Botox statement.
35685 6 . An agency statement must also be consistently
3578applicable. In Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
3587v. Schluter , 705 So. 2d 81, 82 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997), the cour t
3601found three of the challenged policies not to be generally
3611applicable because an employee ' s supervisor was not required to
3622apply them, and therefore they could not be considered to have
3633the " direct and consistent effect of law. " See also Coventry
3643First, LLC, v. Office of Ins . Reg . , 38 So. 3d 200, 20 5 (Fla. 1st
3660DCA 2010) (examination manual provided to examiners of the Office
3670of Insurance Regulation not generally applicable because
3677examiners had discretion not to follow it). Practical and
3686registered nurses do not have the discretion to choose t o follow
3698or not follow the Botox statement .
3705I mplements, I nterprets, or P rescribes
37125 7 . The Botox statement goes beyond the general statutory
3723provisions of chapter 464 to establish an express blanket
3732prohibition against the injection of Botox. It prescribes
3740policy. The Botox statement meets the definition of a rule
3750under section 120.52(16).
3753Rule Not Adopted
37565 8 . As stipulated, there is no rule in the Florida
3768Administrative Code that specifically prohibits the
3774administration of Botox. The Botox statement specifically does
3782so. The Botox statement has not been adopted under the
3792procedures of section 120.54. Petitioner alleged that Florida
3800Administrative Code Rule 64B9 - 8.005 was the specific rule that
3811should have been amended, though she was not required to
3821identify any specific rule. In response, Respondent contend s
3830that it c annot adopt the Botox statement as p art of rule
384364B9 - 8.005, because it has no authority to define nursing scope
3855of practice. This argument is discussed as an " affirmative
3864defense " that rulemaking is not feasible or practicable.
3872Feasible and Practicable
387559 . R ulemaking is not a matter of agency discretion .
3887Section 120.54(1)(a) requires that statements meeting the
3894definition of a rule be formally adopted as soon as feasible and
3906practicable. The burden is upon Respondent to show that
3915rulemaking is not feasible or practicable under secti on
3924120.54(1)(a) .
39266 0 . The scope of nursing practice set forth in section
3938464.003(2) was quoted above. Section 456.003(6 ) provides:
3946Unless expressly and specifically granted in
3952statute, the duties conferred on the boards
3959do not include the enlargement,
3964modification, or contravention of the lawful
3970scope of practice of the profession
3976regulated by the boards. This subsection
3982shall not pr ohibit the boards, or the
3990department when there is no board, from
3997taking disciplinary action or issuing a
4003declaratory statement.
40056 1 . Respondent notes that, based upon these statutes, it
4016has been determined in Florida Medical Association, Inc. v.
4025Department of Health, Board of Nursing , Case No. 12 - 1545RP (Fla.
4037DOAH Nov. 2, 2012), aff ' d 132 So. 3d 225 (Fla. 1 st DCA 2014),
4053that the Board of Nursing has no authority to promulgate
4063standards or scope of practice.
40686 2 . Contrary to Respondent ' s argument , however, it does
4080not follow that because the Board of Nursing cannot adopt a rule
4092establishing scope of practice, it is therefore free to craft
4102and apply an unadopted rule which has the same effect .
41136 3 . Rulemaking is a delegated legislative function , no t an
4125inherent executive one . Whiley v. Scott , 79 So. 3d 702, 710
4137(Fla. 2011)(agency promulgating a rule acts in place of the
4147legislature; rulemaking is a legislative function). A n agency
4156without a statutory grant of power to issue rules cannot
4166dispense with that fundamental requirement by the simple
4174expedient of avoiding the rulemaking procedures of section
4182120.54. The definition of a rule under section 120.52(16) is a
4193broad, functional one, which includes not only rules that have
4203been adopted following prescribed statutory procedures , but
4210rules that have not been, which are thus defined as " unadopted
4221rules " in section 120.52(20) . The Board of Nursing , without
4231statutory rulemaking authority to establish the scope of nursing
4240practice, cannot issue a rule of either variety . T he
4251Administrative Procedure Act does not restrict any organic
4259agency authority to adopt rules, rather, it and other statutes
4269grant agencies legislative authority to adopt them .
42776 4 . Lack of authority to adopt a rule does not render it
" 4291not feasib le " or " not practicab le " to adopt the rule as these
4304terms are defined in section 120.54(1)(a). Respondent has not
4313met the burden of show ing that rulemaking is not feasible or
4325practica b l e .
43306 5 . The Botox statement violat es section 120.54(1)(a).
4340Attorneys ' Fees
43436 6 . Petitioner requested attorneys ' fees and costs.
4353Section 120.595(4)(a) provides that if an administrative law
4361judge determines that all or part of any agency statement
4371violates section 120.54(1)(a), a n order shal l be entered against
4382the agency for reasonable costs and reasonable attorney ' s fees,
4393unless the agency demonstrates that the statement is required by
4403the Federal Government to implement or retain a delegated or
4413approved program or to meet a condition to re ceipt of federal
4428Upon consideration of the above Findings of F act and
4438Conclusions of L aw, it is
4444ORDERED that :
44471. The statement that " [t] he injection of Botox is not
4458within the scope of practice for registered nurses and does not
4469constitute the administration of medication , " meets the
4476definition of a rule . It has not been adopted pursuant to
4488rulemaking procedures, in violation of section 120.54(1)(a),
4495Florida Statutes . Sec tion 120.56(4)(d) provides that the
4504Department of Health, Board of Nursing, must immediately
4512discontinue all reliance upon that statement , or any
4520substantially - similar statement , as a basis for agency action.
45302 . Jurisdiction is retained for the purpose of
4539considering the award of attorneys ' fees and costs to
4549Petitioner for h er successful challenge under section
4557120.56(4). If the parties are unable to resolve the issue , a
4568written request for hearing on attorneys ' fees and costs shall
4579be file d with the Division of Administrative Hearings. Any
4589such request for hearing must be filed no later than 60 days
4601after the date of this Final Order.
4608DONE AND ORDERED this 10th day of March, 2015, in
4618Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida.
4626Administrative Law Judge
4629Division of Administrative Hearings
4633The DeSoto Building
46361230 Apalachee Parkway
4639Tallahassee, Florida 32399 - 3060
4644(850) 488 - 9675
4648Fax Filing (850) 921 - 6847
4655Filed with the Clerk of the
4661Division of Administrative Hearings
4665this 10th day of March, 2015.
46721/ All references to statutes and rules are to the versions in
4684effect at the time of the challenge, except as otherwise
46952/ See Amos v. Moseley , 74 Fla. 555, 564, 77 So. 619, 622
4708(1917)(things of which a court takes judicial notice require no
47193/ Unadopted rule challenges serve to enforce the rulemaking
4728requirements of chapter 120, an important public interest
4736distinct from that of a single respondent charged in an
4746administrative complaint. As stated in McDonald v. Department
4754of Banking and Finance , 346 So. 2d 569, 580 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977):
4767The APA does not in terms require agencies
4775to make rules of their policy statements of
4783general applicability, nor does it
4788explicitly invalidate action taken to
4793effectuate policy statements of that
4798character which have not been legitimated by
4805the rulemaking process. But that is the
4812necessary effect of the APA if the
4819prescribed rulemaking pro cedures are not to
4826be atrophied by nonuse.
4830The requirement to adopt rules was subsequently codified.
4838§ 120.535, Fla. Stat. (1991). The attorneys ' fees provisions of
4849section 120.595(4) encourage affected parties to undertake this
" 4857private attorney general " function, and so encourage agencies
4865to engage in rulemaking when appropriate.
48714/ The fact that Botox has been given FDA approval was
4882ultimately not found relevant to this case.
48895/ The issue of whether or not the Botox statement substantively
4900contravenes a statutory provision is not at issue in this
4910120.56(4) proceeding, and its apparent contravention of the
4918statutory language is considered solely for purposes of
4926determining whether the statement constitutes a " rule. "
4935Lee Ann Gu stafson, Esquire
4940Rachel W. Clark, Esquire
4944Office of the Attorney General
4949Administrative Law Bureau
4952The Capitol, Plaza Level 01
4957Tallahassee, Florida 32399
4961George F. Indest, III, Esquire
4966Carole C. Schriefer, Esquire
4970Joanne Kenna, Esquire
4973The Health Law Firm
49771101 Douglas Avenue
4980Altamonte Springs, Florida 32714
4985John H. Armstrong, M.D., F.A.C.S.
4990State Surgeon General
4993Department of Health
49964052 Bald Cypress Way, Bin A00
5002Tallahassee, Florida 32399 - 1701
5008Jennifer A. Tschetter , General Counsel
5013Department of Health
50164052 Bald Cypress Way, Bin A00
5022Tallahassee, Florida 32399 - 1701
5028Joe Baker, Jr., Executive Director
5033Department of Health
5036Board of Nursing
50394052 Bald Cypress Way , Bin C02
5045Tallahassee, Florida 32399
5049Ann - Lynn Denker, Ph.D, ARNP Chair
5056Department of Health
5059Board of Nursing
50624052 Bald Cypress Way
5066Tallahassee, Florida 32399
5069Ernest Reddick, Chief
5072Alexandra Nam
5074Department of State
5077R.A. Gray Building
5080500 South Bronough Street
5084Tallahassee, Florida 32399 - 0250
5090Ken Plante, Coordinator
5093Joint Administrative Procedures Committee
5097Room 680, Pepper Building
5101111 West Madison Street
5105Tallahassee, Florida 32399 - 1400
5117A party who is adversely affected b y this Final Order is
5129entitled to judicial review pursuant to section 120.68, Florida
5138Statutes. Review proceedings are governed by the Florida Rules
5147of Appellate Procedure. Such proceedings are commenced by
5155filing the original notice of administrative ap peal with the
5165agency clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings within
517430 days of rendition of the order to be reviewed, and a copy of
5188the notice, accompanied by any filing fees prescribed by law,
5198with the clerk of the District Court of Appeal in the appellate
5210district where the agency maintains its headquarters or where a
5220party resides or as otherwise provided by law.
- Date
- Proceedings
- Date: 03/09/2016
- Proceedings: Transmittal letter from Claudia Llado forwarding records to the agency.
- Date: 03/08/2016
- Proceedings: Transmittal letter from Claudia Llado forwarding records to the agency.
- Date: 08/17/2015
- Proceedings: Petitioner's Agreed Motion to Withdraw and Dismiss Petition for Attorney's Fees and Costs filed.
- Date: 07/07/2015
- Proceedings: Order Granting Continuance and Re-scheduling Hearing by Video Teleconference (hearing set for August 31, 2015; 9:00 a.m.; Orlando, FL).
- Date: 07/01/2015
- Proceedings: Petitioner's Motion to Reschedule Hearing on Attorneys' Fees by Video Teleconference filed.
- Date: 06/30/2015
- Proceedings: Order Re-scheduling Hearing on Attorneys' Fees by Video Teleconference (hearing set for July 31, 2015; 9:00 a.m.; Orlando, FL).
- Date: 06/02/2015
- Proceedings: Notice of Hearing on Attorneys' Fees by Video Teleconference (hearing set for August 4, 2015; 9:00 a.m.; Orlando and Tallahassee, FL).
- Date: 05/26/2015
- Proceedings: Order Denying Respondent`s Motion to Dismiss Petition for Attorney`s Fees and Scheduling.
- Date: 05/14/2015
- Proceedings: Petitioner's Notice of Filing Affidavit of Sandra Ambrose, Esquire, Regarding Reasonableness of Attorney's Fees filed.
- Date: 05/14/2015
- Proceedings: Petitioner's Memorandum of Law in Opposition to Respondent's Motion to Dismiss Petition for Attorney's Fees filed.
- Date: 05/14/2015
- Proceedings: (Respondent's) Motion to Dismiss Petition for Attorney's Fees filed.
- Date: 05/11/2015
- Proceedings: Motion/Petition for Attorney's Fees and Costs and Request for Attorney's Fees and Costs Hearing filed.
- Date: 04/13/2015
- Proceedings: Letter to Judge McArthur from George F. Indest III, enclosing a copy of Final Order filed.
- Date: 02/25/2015
- Proceedings: Transcript (not available for viewing) filed.
- Date: 01/27/2015
- Proceedings: CASE STATUS: Hearing Held.
- Date: 01/26/2015
- Proceedings: Notice of Correction of Typographical Error in Petitioner Hill's Unilateral Pre-hearing Stipulation filed.
- Date: 01/26/2015
- Proceedings: Petitioner's Agreed Motion to Allow Witnesses to Appear Telephonically filed.
- Date: 01/05/2015
- Proceedings: Order Denying Petitioner`s Seventh and Eighth Requests for Official Recognition.
- Date: 12/18/2014
- Proceedings: Order Re-scheduling Hearing by Video Teleconference (hearing set for January 27, 2015; 9:00 a.m.; Orlando, FL).
- Date: 12/16/2014
- Proceedings: Order Granting Continuance (parties to advise status by December 19, 2014).
- Date: 12/16/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner's Proposed Exhibits filed (exhibits not available for viewing).
- Date: 12/15/2014
- Proceedings: (Petitioner's) Notice of Substitution of Counsel (George F. Indest, III) filed.
- Date: 12/15/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hill's Eighth Request for Judicial Notice/Official Recognition and Notice of Filing filed.
- Date: 12/08/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hills Seventh Request for Judicial Notice/Official Recognition and Notice of Filing-Docs-6 filed.
- Date: 12/08/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hills Seventh Request for Judicial Notice/Official Recognition and Notice of Filing-Docs-5 filed.
- Date: 12/08/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hills Seventh Request for Judicial Notice/Official Recognition and Notice of Filing-Docs-4 filed.
- Date: 12/08/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hills Seventh Request for Judicial Notice/Official Recognition and Notice of Filing-Docs-3 filed.
- Date: 12/08/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hills Seventh Request for Judicial Notice/Official Recognition and Notice of Filing-Docs-2 filed.
- Date: 12/08/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hills Seventh Request for Judicial Notice/Official Recognition and Notice of Filing-Docs-1 filed.
- Date: 12/08/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hill's Seventh Request for Judicial Notice/Official Recognition and Notice of Filing filed.
- Date: 12/05/2014
- Proceedings: Order Granting Petitioner`s Sixth Request for Official Recognition.
- Date: 12/05/2014
- Proceedings: Order Granting in Part and Denying in Part Petitioner`s Fifth Request for Official Recognition.
- Date: 11/25/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hill's Sixth Request for Judicial Notice/Official Recognition and Notice of Filing filed.
- Date: 11/24/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hill's Fifth Request for Judicial Notice/Official Recognition and Notice of Filing filed.
- Date: 11/20/2014
- Proceedings: Order Granting Petitioner`s Fourth Request for Official Recognition.
- Date: 11/12/2014
- Proceedings: Notice of Service of Petitioner's First Set of Interrogatories to Respondent filed.
- Date: 11/12/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hill's Fourth Request for Judicial Notice/Official Recognition and Notice of Filing filed.
- Date: 11/06/2014
- Proceedings: Respondent's Response to Petitioner's First Request for Production filed.
- Date: 11/06/2014
- Proceedings: Respondent's Response to Petitioner's First Request for Admissions filed.
- Date: 11/05/2014
- Proceedings: Order Granting Petitioner`s Third Request for Official Recognition.
- Date: 11/03/2014
- Proceedings: Order Granting Petitioner`s Second Request for Official Recognition.
- Date: 10/31/2014
- Proceedings: Order Granting Petitioner`s First Request for Official Recognition.
- Date: 10/28/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hills Third Request for Judicial Notice/Official Recognition filed.
- Date: 10/24/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hill's Second Request for Judicial Notice/Official Recognition filed.
- Date: 10/23/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hill's Corrected First Request for Judicial Notice/Official Recognition filed.
- Date: 10/23/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hill's First Request for Judicial Notice/Official Recognition (not signed) filed.
- Date: 10/17/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner's Opposition to Respondent's Motion for Summary Final Order filed.
- Date: 10/15/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hill's Unopposed Motion for Extension of Time to Respond to Respondent Board of Nursing's Motion for Summary Final Order filed.
- Date: 10/13/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hill's Unopposed Motion for Extension of Time to Respond to Respondent Board of Nursing's Motion for Summary Final Order filed.
- Date: 10/07/2014
- Proceedings: Order Granting Continuance and Re-scheduling Hearing by Video Teleconference (hearing set for December 17, 2014; 9:00 a.m.; Orlando, FL).
- Date: 10/06/2014
- Proceedings: Petitioner Hill's Notice of Mutually Agreeable Dates for Rescheduling of Final Hearing filed.
- Date: 09/26/2014
- Proceedings: Notice of Hearing by Video Teleconference (hearing set for October 15, 2014; 9:00 a.m.; Orlando and Tallahassee, FL).
- Date: 09/25/2014
- Proceedings: Rule Challenge transmittal letter to Liz Cloud from Claudia Llado copying Ken Plante and the Agency General Counsel.
Case Information
- Judge:
- Date Filed:
- 09/25/2014
- Date Assignment:
- 09/25/2014
- Last Docket Entry:
- 03/09/2016
- Location:
- Orlando, Florida
- District:
- Middle
- Agency:
- Department of Health
- Suffix:
Rachel W. Clark, Esquire
Office of the Attorney General
Administrative Law Bureau
The Capitol, Plaza Level 01
Tallahassee, FL 32399
(850) 414-3300
Lee Ann Gustafson, Esquire
Office of the Attorney General
The Capitol, Plaza Level 01
Tallahassee, FL 32399
(850) 414-3300
George F. Indest, III, Esquire
The Health Law Firm
1101 Douglas Avenue
Altamonte Springs, FL 32714
(407) 331-6620
Joanne Kenna, Esquire
The Health Law Firm
1101 Douglas Avenue
Altamonte Springs, FL 32701
(407) 331-6620
Carole C. Schriefer, Esquire
The Health Law Firm
1101 Douglas Avenue
Altamonte Springs, FL 32714
(407) 331-6620
Jennifer A. Tschetter, General Counsel
Florida Department of Health
Bin A02
4052 Bald Cypress Way
Tallahassee, FL 323991701
(850) 245-4005
Carol C. Schriefer, Esquire
Address of Record
Jennifer A. Tschetter, Esquire
Address of Record


text:
God-Cloaked Answers
(MELISSA GABLER is speaking at Kingdom Congress 2017. This is an excerpt from one of her articles.) Have you ever had times when a revelatory nugget pops up, then within days you hear the same nugget from other sources? That's been happening as of late and I'm learning to pay attention to those! Following is one such instance that has been not only ringing in my ear, but answering some of those seemingly unanswerable questions.
While in conversation this was quoted to me from a book, "God hides some things for specific times so that the enemy cannot destroy them." That stuck with me, and a couple of days later I read a quote from some- one else that was expressing the exact same thought! Well, that really hit me between the eyes, especially because these came from trusted sources. It was an "Are you listening?" moment.
I began meditating on God hiding something for a specific time, and it felt like this statement began filling cracks in my understanding.
If God cloaks something for a time, it is not only to hide it from the devil and his destructive minions, but it is also to hide it from our own self sabotage. Yes, the devil and self-sabotage are two different things. How- ever, the devil LOVES stoking the flames of self sabotage! All we have to do is let our fears and concerns fall out of our mouths like kindling for the enemy's threatening bonfire. So many times we make the devil's job so easy.
Melissa Gabler will be speaking at Kingdom Congress 2020
March 4-6, 2020. Click on this link to hear an excerpt of
More info about KC2020: https://martygabler.com/kc2020/
Keep Calm No Fee
For information/schedule for KC2017: KC2017
Restoration of David's Tabernacle
(SAM BRASSFIELD is speaking at Kingdom Congress 2017. This is an excerpt from one of his training manuals.) David's Key of Authority: Using God's power with His permission brings absolute victory over the enemies of God.
David had the power to overcome all his adversaries, because he was under the authority of his God. Thus he had God's permission to rule over his enemies, because he was a true worshiper . He exercised this authority in both the spiritual realm and the natural realm. These two worlds are connected. David understood the power and authority that he had in both worlds, the spiritual and the natural realm. If he didn't first and foremost have authority with God in the spirit realm, he would not have had the power to overcome the enemies in the natural realm. The power given to his enemies came from the demonic or spirit world of Satan and his power was manifested in their worship to the gods of the Philistines and all other enemies of Israel who worshiped Baal and other entities. They worshiped spirit beings, demons, and objects made of stone, wood or the formations in the heavens, all of which were storefronts of Satan. He is behind all idolatry and yet tries to appear as an angel of light in his world of darkness. David had knowledge of this dark spiritual world around him and knew he had authority over them in the name of his God. This word got out quickly that David had such authority. That's the reason King Saul's servants called for David to come sing, play his harp and worship his God. They knew when he did, the demons would have to flee from Saul without delay. Now are we seeing the need of the restoration of the Tabernacle of David a little more clearly? We too, like David, must understand our authority in both worlds.
Sam Brassfield will be speaking at Kingdom Congress 2017
March 1-3, 2017. Click on this link to hear an excerpt of
Sam speaking: http://tinyurl.com/jk6nd6w
More info about KC2017: https://martygabler.com/kec2017/
Brief Video: Kathy Gabler – "Bringing Sons to Glory"
For information/schedule for KC2017 click here: KC2017
No Longer Servants
The Passover was also important to Jesus because a divine shift was coming to the disciples in their relationship with the Father. In John 15: 15, Jesus told His disciples, "No longer do I call you servants, for a servant does not know what his master is doing; but I have called you friends, for all things that I heard from My Father I have made known to you". The terminology identified a relational shift from that of servant-master to one of son-father. Up to the night of the Passover, the relationship of the disciples to Jesus had been strictly business. However, after the Passover meal, that changed! In the new covenant, the disciples were no longer held by the Father as servants, but sons! That night was a divine appointment that had been in the making before the beginning of time
(This is an excerpt from an article by LARRY BURDEN. He is speaking at Kingdom Congress 2020.)
Larry Burden will be speaking at Kingdom Congress 2020
March 4-6, 2020. Click on this link to hear an excerpt of
More info about KC2020: https://martygabler.com/kc2020/
Melissa Anticipating the Power of the Kingdom of God
Melissa Anticipating the Power of the Kingdom of God.
Click on her picture to watch.
For more KC2017 info click here: KC2017
Melissa will be leading worship at Kingdom Congress 2017
March 1-3, 2017 NO FEE Info: 936-856-2455
Click on this link to hear excerpts of Worship
from Kingdom Congress: http://tinyurl.com/jplkj5a
Revelation for Battles
In Scripture, we see a rhema revelation coming to the prophet, Elisha. Israel was at war with Syria. The prophet received revelation about the location of the Syrian army and, of course, this gave the army of Israel advantage in the war. The king of Syria thought there had to be a betrayer in his ranks. (II Kings 6:8-12). This incident and many others inform us that we must not battle our enemies without Holy Ghost strategy released through the rhema word. We must wield His sword in our battles. The Church today needs an understanding of the sword of the Lord and a fresh revelation of the Lord of the sword.(JIM HODGES is speaking at Kingdom Congress 2020 March 5 at 7pm. This is an excerpt from one of his articles.)
More info about KC2020: https://martygabler.com/kc2020/

subset: commoncrawl


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Testing promotion elements and predisposition to purchase
In this session you will be taught:
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Yvonne Singh is a journalist, writer and editor based in Kent, England, and has spent more than two decades working in national newspapers and magazines. She was a staff journalist at The Guardian and her work has appeared in that paper as well as The Observer, The Mirror, The London Evening Standard, BBC world website and Marie Claire. Her essay 'More than just a Dreamland' … was published in the acclaimed anthology Know Your Place in 2017. Yvonne also writes fiction; the manuscript for her debut novel 'One Man's Revolution' was awarded second prize at SI Leeds Literary Awards and one of her short stories was runner-up in the Seán O Faoláin International Short Story Competition. Twitter: @lisa_singh71
adda is looking for new writing on the theme of climate change. We are seeking poetry, fiction and – in particular – non-fiction. Deadline 31 January 2020.Find out more


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Judy Faulkner describes the culture she's established at her enormous electronic health records company, Epic Systems Corp., as one woven out of a tapestry of philosophies and ideas.
Think in terms of "Yes, if…" instead of "No, because," Faulkner told an audience filling up Shannon Hall in the Memorial Union at the Cap Times Idea Fest on Saturday. Don't think something is a problem — instead, think of it as a project. Don't be distracted by "golden apples" as Atalanta was in Greek mythology — keep your focus on the finish line.
Plus, there's the credo that she tells all of the nearly 10,000 employees who work at the company's sprawling campus in Verona: Have fun, do good, make money.
Faulkner, delivered a rare public address as Epic celebrates its 40th anniversary. To mark the occasion, Faulkner shared some of the company's history, its philosophies, its success stories, and some of the projects it's currently working on.
Faulkner said that she first worked on an electronic health records system as a project when she was pursuing a master's degree in computer science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
"There were a few real challenges to it," she said. "One thing was, how do you keep track of time? Some things never change, like your birth date. Some things always change, like your vital signs."
Ultimately, after years of encouragement from colleagues, she decided to spin out the project into its own company. Epic launched in 1979 as a small business located in the basement of a building on Old University Avenue, valued at $70,000 and with two employees on staff. They built the system on a then-sophisticated 50 megabyte computer drive, she said.
"You couldn't touch it because it would corrupt the data. We walked in a wide berth around it," said Faulkner.
Faulkner said that from the get-go, she designed the company to "put the patient at the center, and all the data around the patient." She said that decision has been key to the company's monumental success. Also critical to the company's success, she said, was the fact that the CEO was a programmer. Epic's competitors, she noted, are all led by men with MBAs and economics degrees.
"I'm a techie. And that's the key difference. Those guys were taught things like go public, make mergers and acquisitions. What was I taught? How to program," said Faulkner.
Faulkner also brought up what has historically been a huge point of pride for her and the company: It has never acquired another piece of software. Everything in the company's software, she said, has been built in-house.
Other contributors to the company's success lie in its campus and aesthetic. She said that the company values humor — hence its whimsical campus, which includes a tree house, a replica of a New York subway station and buildings based on children's stories like Alice in Wonderland and Harry Potter.
She also said that she has always tried to place employees in their own offices, instead of embracing an open layout. It's easy to get hard work done when you're wearing comfortable clothes and sitting in a quiet space, she said.
Ultimately, she said the company is striving to avoid what she identifies as symptoms of corporate decline: increased bureaucracy, too much focus on legal matters and finance, and an acceptance of mediocrity.
Faulkner also briefly outlined some projects that she thinks will help define the company's future: a records-keeping system that's entirely based on voice recognition, a wider embrace of incorporating social determinants of health in EHRs, and an expansion beyond traditional health care systems to facilities like pharmacies or rehab clinics.
She also mentioned one of the company's most ambitious projects: A massive database of biomedical data called Cosmos, that could be used to encourage more data-based medical decision making.
"You can ask Cosmos to look at the 230 million patients in the database to ask, who looks similar to my patient? And what works best?" said Faulkner.


text:
Guide to Instagram Content for Contractors
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text:
Maxim Akimov, the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, and Oleg Belozerov, the Chief Executive Director and Chairman of the Board of Russian Railways, made a test trip on the first unmanned Russian electric train Lastochka at the framework International Railway Salon PRO//Movement. EXPO. The test run took place at the experimental railway ring in Shcherbinka in Greater Moscow.
"What we saw today is the result of a major technological breakthrough. This can be called a technological breakthrough without any doubt because it was achieved by our engineers at our technical centres, at Russian Railways, together with a large number of different partners, which supplied the solution, while Russian Railways acted as the assembly centre. This is really a technological step forward into the future", said Maxim Akimov, commenting on his impressions of the trip.
"Today is a historic day for Russia's railways. We have come close to unmanned technology. I would like to say thank you to all the developers. We have only used Russian systems. Moreover, I can say that we are one year ahead of our foreign colleagues. Russian Railways seeks to introduce unmanned driving technology, primarily because it will provide an increased level of safety and reliability of transportation, especially for passengers," said Oleg Belozerov.
The Russian Railways Holding is developing unmanned train systems at various infrastructure facilities and is therefore gradually fitting the rolling stock, station infrastructure and technological facilities with special equipment for remote monitoring and traffic control. In the coming year, a series of tests is to be carried out to test the moving technology in automatic mode under the control of drivers, although test trips with passengers are not planned at this stage.
The Company head also noted that drivers should not worry about the fact that their work will not be in demand. "Their functionality will change somewhat, but monitoring the systems will still remain with the person. We will transform everything all together."
To operate in automatic mode, special equipment has been installed on the Lastochka for positioning the train on the infrastructure, communication with the control centre and detecting obstacles. The train is able to run in accordance with the timetable in unmanned mode, and automatically slows down when it detects an obstacle in the way.
The ES2G Lastochka unmanned electric train can be controlled automatically, both from the cab by the driver, and from the transportation control centre by the operator. The control centre is designed to control the operation of unmanned trains and make decisions in the event of emergency situations. The operator-driver can, for example, transfer the train from automatic control to remote mode and directly control the movement if necessary.
In the future, unmanned technologies, if appropriate legislative initiatives are adopted, can be introduced on railway lines with a large volume of traffic and a low transit interval between passenger trains, for example, on the Moscow Central Ring, as well as at freight stations for shunting locomotives.
© 2003-2020, Russian Railways
Mass Media Registration Certificate El. No. ФС77-25927
When using any material from the site reference to rzd.ru is obligatory


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Mumbai: Delhi-based real estate tycoon Kushal Pal Singh of DLF was named as the top real estate entrepreneur this year on the Grohe Hurun India Real Estate Rich List, where 60 percent of the list comprises first generation entrepreneurs. Singh, 87, is the wealthiest real estate baron in the country with a fortune of Rs 23,460 crore, a statement said.
Other self-made entrepreneurs who made the list include Mangal Prabhat Lodha, 61, of Lodha Group in second position and Jitendra Virwani, 51, of Embassy Property
Developers, in third position the list revealed. While Lodha's networth stood at Rs 18,610 crore, Virwani's fortune is at Rs 16,700 crore.
Smita V Crishna (66), of Godrej Properties is the richest woman on the list with a fortune of Rs 2,210 crore.
"With a growing middle class population, it is imperative that India produces respectable brands in real estate in the next few years," Anas Rahman Junaid, MD and
Chief Researcher, Hurun Report India, said in a statement.
The report noted that the top five cities accounts for 86 percent of top 100 real estate rich-listers in India. The report also cautioned that majority of real estate developers are discreet, "so for every entrepreneur who they have found, they may have missed two."
"The cut off of Rs 300 crore is surprisingly low for a big country like India," Rupert Hoogewerf, Chairman and Chief Researcher, Hurun Report Global noted.
The report further noted that RBI Housing price index indicates that demonetization has a positive impact on housing prices. "Housing price index rose 10 per cent for the 9 months ended on September 2017 compared to marginal growth rate of 3 percent in the previous fiscal. All major cities have recorded a price increase after demonetization except Jaipur where the prices are 3 per cent below the pre-demonetization level," the report said.
Lucknow, Chennai and Ahmedabad recorded post demonetization housing price rise of 30 percent, 20 percent and 17 percent respectively.
The report said that based on a survey with the real estate agents in and around the country, one could expect the house price to go up in the short-term and a possible
correction in five years especially in small cities.
"This is supported by inventory overhang and possible long-term effects of the current GDP slow down," it said.
Find latest and upcoming tech gadgets online on Tech2 Gadgets. Get technology news, gadgets reviews & ratings. Popular gadgets including laptop, tablet and mobile specifications, features, prices, comparison.
Updated Date: Oct 06, 2017 08:57:35 IST


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Angie's first self published book "Cub's Wish" was launched on January 18, 2017. She instantly became a #1 Hot New Release, and an Amazon best seller. Amazon sold out of her books, due to high demand, on her first day. The book also reached the top 3000 of ALL 11 million+ Amazon books, ranking a debut at #2,767. Cub's Wish also earned its first 5 star review from Reader's Favorite.
In May of 2017, Cub's Wish received it's first awards of an Honorable Mention from the Paris Book Festival, and an Honorable Mention from the San Francisco Book Festival.
In June of 2017 Cub's Wish received First Place in the distinguished Purple Dragonfly Awards in the Picture Book Category. Cub's Wish also received an Honorable Mention from the New York Book Festival. The book achieved Best Seller status at the first bookstore selling Cub's Wish (Pipe & Thimble Bookstore, Lomita)
July brought a 5 star rating and a feature spot from the book review site Authors Talk About It, and Honorable Mentions from the Pacific Rim Book Festival and the Hollywood Book Festival/ Children's Book Publishing named Cub's Wish one of the top 10 books that teach kindness.
The fall months were filled with great accolades! October 2017 started with the good news of Cub's Wish winning the Author's Talk About It Book Cover Contest. The book received hundreds of more votes then any entry in all categories and won by 58% . November brought more good news of a First Place award for her Children's book through ATAI and a First Place award in the coveted Royal Dragonfly Book Awards. Cub's Wish was also honored by being a Certified Good Read Through ReadingWithYourKids.com
2018 started out with flying colors! To celebrate the first year of Cub's Wish in print, Angie launched the e-book version on Amazon and it quickly hit the #1 best seller spot, and #1 Hot New Release. The e-book received a second place award in the Purple Dragonfly contest through Story Monsters Ink.
In this year, Angie was a guest on several podcasts and live radio shows, talking about her writing journey. The Torrance cable show Faces of Torrance, did a feature episode of Angie and her journey, (now on Youtube). Voyage L.A. also did an on-line magazine feature of Angie in their December issue. Blessings kept coming! Her appearance on the Author's Show lead to the award and recognition of the 2018 Top Female Author in the Children's Category, as well as winning a spot in the Author's Show 50 Writers You Should Be Reading. Yet there was another great end to a very full year. The CBWLA, the group that Angie sits on the board of, won Grand Prize for Kayla Wayman - Junior Time Traveler, Lost in the Stream, in the Royal Dragonfly Contest.
2019 started out great with the release of Cub's Wish in Spanish - El Deseo de Osito, and French- Le Souhait du Bebe Panda. The Buela Remer Legacy - a service for the visually impaired, picked up the book to have printed in Braille. In the summer, the Italian version was launched - Il Sogno di Cucciolo, and several other languages are in the works.
Angie's wish was coming true by having her book accepted in to the Barnes and Noble stores. Her B&N debuts were in October at the Huntington Beach store, and November at the Torrance store. A big author event and book signing, took place where Angie sold out of store stock totaling over 75 books combined. She has since been invited to speak at other B&N locations accross the U.S. where she holds raffels for fun panda themed prizes and provides Wish-Marks for kids to create.
Stay tuned! There is much more in store.
Cub's Wish is a tender story that brings out the sweet moments between parent and child. Cub wants to make sure he has the perfect wish for the wishing star to grant. Papa helps Cub realize that sometimes all you need to do is wish from the heart.
Through The Children's Book Writers of Los Angeles (CBWLA), Angie has also gained publishing credits by having her writing samples included in 4 of the Story Sprouts Creative Writing Anthologies: Story Sprouts, Story Sprouts: Voice, Story Sprouts: Setting, and Story Sprouts: Conflict. She also took part in contributing to the CBWLA's first novel - Kayla Wayman Teen Time Traveler: Lost in the Stream.
Kayla Wayman, Teen Time Traveler: Lost in the stream is a tale of big adventure, second chances, and the power of a family's love. The novel includes valuable extras for young writers and classroom discussions.
The Story Sprouts Anthologies are collaborative works which are geared toward helping writers fine-tune their craft and educate in all areas necessary to build a story.


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On 01 November 2019, the Chief of Mission and Chargé d'Affaires of the United States in Qatar, William Grant, and other officials from the U.S. Embassy in Qatar visited the Scrap Art Exhibit at Souq Waqif Art Center. Also in attendance at the exhibit was Prime Minister and Interior Minister H.E. Sheikh Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al-Thani. Souq Waqif Art Center exhibited over 250 artworks created by 30 different artists from 15 countries in the west square. This scrap art exhibit is the first of its kind in Qatar.
The artists used modern techniques and tools in the works and designs of scrap art, which varied in size and depicted figurines including human beings, sea life, and wildlife. The exhibition was based on the concept of re-purposing scrap and waste to art pieces that can be displayed at different light. It aims to change the social perspective by opening new artistic horizons in reverence to transforming scrap into art by demonstrating a renewed method of this transformation.
Qatar is implementing these very same views in the upcoming FIFA World Cup in 2022. Seven of the eight stadiums are removing roughly 20,000 seats each to be used elsewhere.
The eighth Stadium, Ras Abu Aboud Stadium, is a 40,000-seat arena built entirely out of shipping containers. This stadium will be completely disassembled and reused at other venues around the world once the 2022 FIFA World Cup has concluded.
(Image Source: Twitter – @USAmbQatar)


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Williams: Becoming An Active Listener
By Brook Williams
April 26, 2018
It's almost the end of the spring semester, but it's never too late to refresh a skill we can all work on: active listening. As "self help-y" as this sounds, we could all become better active listeners. If our community worked on improving this skill, we would become better friends, lovers, students,...
Williams: Handling Addiction Misconceptions Through Meditation
By Brook Williams
April 23, 2018
We all know someone who has struggled with an addiction, whether it be an eating disorder, alcoholism or an addiction to pills or hard drugs. Maybe it's you, your mom, your sister, your best friend or a distant aunt. These days it's seemingly impossible to find someone who has never encountered an ad...
Williams: It's a Stretch to Call Money the Root of All Evil
By Brook Williams
April 19, 2018
A saying you hear bounced all over the world is, "Money is the root of all evil." Money has both benefited our society and created selfish motives that divide politics, families and other types of community. The phrase is based on a Bible verse, 1 Timothy 6:10, which states, "For the love of mon...
Williams: Making Room for Tiny Homes in Utah
By Brook Williams
April 10, 2018
Utah needs to consider changing its zoning regulations and housing codes, especially in the city, to accommodate housing options that take up less space. Salt Lake City is growing exponentially, and it makes sense that housing regulations need to keep up with the growth rate. So, what better way to do...
Williams: Smart Speaker Hacking
By Brook Williams
March 26, 2018
Smart speakers including Amazon's Echo Dot and Google's Home are all the rage. Compared to the price of an iPhone or laptop, the Echo Dot is a steal and a must-have. To me, these devices are the beginning of a long and treacherous Black Mirror episode. How much more technology do we need before we start...
Williams: Keeping Busy Builds Ambition
By Brook Williams
March 16, 2018
Keeping kids busy with an array of activities provides them with a well-rounded social life. Children will have opportunities to expand their interests and realize who they are, who they could be and who they want to become. Growing up, I knew many teenagers who were actively involved in both sports...
Williams: Spring into Spring
By Brook Williams
March 14, 2018
With spring finally here, I think we can all agree that feeling the sun on our faces is going to be refreshing. Although it seems that it has been a short winter this year, the snowy days seemed to reek of gloominess. Statistically, it has been proven that when the days are longer and the sun is out,...
Williams: Social Media Enhances Opposition
By Brook Williams
March 6, 2018
Oh, the joys of the freedom of speech. Over the past few years people have become more opinionated on a wider selection of topics. We see it on every platform, enhanced by news outlets and all forms of social media. It can be difficult to decide if this has become a good or bad thing when considering...
Olympians Should Use Social Media to Increase viewership
By Brook Williams
February 16, 2018
The Olympics have never had as low a viewership as it has in 2018. This year, the number of viewers who have tuned in to watch the events have become less engaged. This doesn't come as a surprise seeing as almost everything that airs on TV has less viewers as the years go by. We also have to keep in...
Williams: Social Media is Dangerous for Kids Ages 15 and Under
By Brook Williams
February 12, 2018
Children should not be allowed to have social mediaaccounts until they are 15 years of age. Social media bombards you with unrealistic body images and portrayals of "ideal" lifestyles. A few years ago, people were only concerned about what the tabloids and television stations were telling kids. As social...


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SEATTLE — On stage at the Build developer conference, Microsoft demonstrated how DJI and Rockwell Automation can use the Azure cloud platform with enterprise drones to avoid costly, dangerous situations for workers.
Sam George, director of Azure IoT, had a dashboard up simulating where issues might crop up in a factory. One such issue featured a pressure drop on a roof that could be dangerous to technicians.
DJI is adding Azure's IoT Edge to drones, which companies can then deploy using artificial intelligence. On stage at Build, DJI showcased both a massive enterprise drone, the M200, and a smaller Mavic Air. Then, a representative from DJI flew the Mavic Air over some pipes on stage, and George could see the anomaly on a laptop running Azure IoT Edge.
Were this a real-life situation, a worker might have to personally head up to the roof to assess the problem, putting them in harm's way. The drone-and-cloud software setting lets workers diagnose a potential problem from a safe distance.


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It is regular to shed concerning 50 hairs of hair a day, nonetheless, severe early loss of hair could turn out to be an indicator that something is wrong in our body. With climbing cases of contamination, inadequate nutrition and tension levels, keeping a full crop of hair have indeed come to be a rarity. Yet is there something that can be done to reverse it? Can you truly quit loss of hair and reclaim your full head of hair? The good news is, there is Folexin. A variety of Folexin facts shows that you could quit hair loss today with Folexin.
Do not buy any kind of hair growth supplements prior to you read this Folexin reviews: how to quit hair loss and also regrow hair normally that will certainly discuss regarding what is Folexin, the components of Folexin, how does Folexin act, just how to quit hair loss with Folexin and buying hair growing tablets Folexin in Oklahoma US.
Exactly what is hair loss supplements Folexin
Folexin is a nutritional tablet developed to aid recover your hair and protect against falling of hair to keep full hair on your head. This results from the active ingredient Biotin which is included in the supplement. Biotin is proven to enhance the toughness and also elasticity of the thickest layer of the hair shaft (cortex). It aims to obtain to the core of the issue thus guaranteeing long-term cause a brief duration of time. Along with healthy hair, the formula additionally boosts the condition of the skin and the nails.
Folexin is made making use of a 100% pure formula to secure your hair from being damaged by chlorine, the sunlight, and heating irons. Therefore, the formula is offered in stores without any type of prescription from a physician. Whatever the reason supporting hair loss and also baldness, this tablet acts efficiently to remove the trouble. So whether your loss of hair is as an outcome of hormone adjustments, genes or ecological changes, this formula can properly address it.
The active ingredients of all-natural solutions for hair loss Folexin
It is really unlikely for a loss of hair formulation to be based entirely on pure formulation. The majority of loss of hair formulations available on the market in Oklahoma US comply with the synthetic chemical based formula. Fortunately, Folexin is a herbal formula. No chemicals, ingredients or fillers have actually been used planned of the supplement. The formula used to aim to use your body's natural features as a means to enhance your hair's health and wellness. Here are the components of Folexin:
Also known as Vitamin B7, biotin is one of the essential ingredients in Folexin. It could be located in foods like fish, eggs, legumes, meat, berries and avocado. The component plays a major function in maintaining the wellness of our hair, skin and nails. Like all B vitamins, it is water soluble thus it quickly absorbs into our interior systems. It is rare to be lacking in biotin but if it happens, signs and symptoms like scaly red rash, dry eyes, hair loss, exhaustion, and also anxiety are common.
Folic Acid
This is another soluble vitamin but in the artificial form of vitamin B9 folate. The vitamin supports new cell growth in the body. Folic acid shortage in the human body has actually been discovered to trigger premature loss of hair at an early age while exposing yourself to numerous other health-related issues. Yet when one obtains a great dose of folic acid, there would be a reduction in loss of hair. So, the folic acid in this pill helps turn around the issue through regrowth of dead cells and stops hair loss. This ensures you establish substantial hair growth.
Various other formulation
Besides these 2 key ingredients, the formula includes some smaller ingredients as well. These formulation work together to support healthier, thick and good-looking hair. The components include Vitamins like B6, B5, A, B12, D3, C, B1, and also E, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Oxide, Potassium Gluconate, Iron Ferrous Fumarate, Zinc Oxide and also Manganese Chelate.
How does Folexin actually perform to enhance hair growing
Folexin works by largely restoring your natural supply of biotin. Your body requires biotin to convert specific nutrients right into energy, which after that powers the growth of hair, nails and also skin. A long period of time earlier, cases of biotin depletion in the human body were unusual and also that is why our grandpas made use of to survive with full hair right into their sundown years. Nowadays, though, with transforming diet plan patterns and also ecological downgrade, we often tend to lose our fair supply of this important nutrient. Folexin, consequently, aims to recover biotin, which by effect sustains hair growth and there is scientific proof to back this up.
In a 2015 research study, the number of women with declining hairlines were split into 2 groups, one provided biotin supplements and the various other sugar pill. The dosage was two times each day for 90 days. At the end of the research, researchers reported that ladies who took biotin supplements had experienced substantial hair growing especially in areas that had formerly experienced balding.
Yet one more nutrient that Folexin intends to renew is folic acid. This is vitamin B, which is not just essential for our hair yet likewise for general wellness. Studies have shown a close connection between loss of hair and folic acid deficiency. This can be as a result of the reality that folic acid is called for to create red blood cells. For that reason lack of it could lead not enough supply of oxygen to hair follicles. If hair Roots do not get sufficient oxygen, they stop working to create ATP, a substance that plays an essential duty in cell growth. An under-supply of ATP sets off over-production of testosterone.
The partnership between testosterone and loss of hair is fairly complicated. Androgenic alopecia is one of the most usual source of loss of hair in numerous nations including Oklahoma US, influencing 50 million males and also 30 million women inning accordance with the National Institute of Health And Wellness. So, by recovering biotin and folic acid, Folexin intends to conquer this discouraging trouble using a scientifical technique.
The best ways to stop hair fall and regrow hair naturally with Folexin
Each bottle of Folexin has 60 capsules and is expected to be consumed each day. customers are recommended to take two tablets of Folexin daily with a glass of water or as guided by their doctor. One supplement during the middle of the day and the various other one during the night hours.
It is targeted towards individuals in the onset of loss of hair. Consequently, consumers should begin the treatment as quickly as they observe the indicators of hair thinning, receding hairline, balding or extreme loss of hair. While the main target team for Folexin is guys, women can likewise utilize it to accomplish a thick, solid and healthy and balanced head of hair.
Every thing of the ingredients list on Folexin are 100% herbal and also so much there have not been any type of reported situation of negative effects. Nevertheless, if have any kind of underlying ailment we would certainly recommend you speak to your medical professional before trying this or any kind of various other product for that matter. Aside from that, Folexin is 100% safe.
How to buy hair growth products Folexin in Oklahoma US
Folexin is a loss of hair product that declares to be 100% all-natural. It is marketed on the basis that it is a development formula for hair growth. Its primary active ingredients have been exhibited by authorities such as WebMD, Mayo Clinic, and The Dr. Oz Show.
If you are interested in purchasing Folexin, right here is the price of Folexin in Oklahoma US:
|Folexin Product
|Best offer price
|Buy Now
|1 bottle
|Buy Now
|2 bottles
|Buy Now
|3 bottles + 1 free bottle
|Buy Now
Right now you could only get this pill from the main website. It is produced by Vita Equilibrium business which is a reputable health and wellness firm both in the USA and the United Kingdom. From our research, the company has a great reputation. This means you can establish your mind comfortable when purchasing at their internet site.


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There are many ways to get to Perisher. Once here we meet you for a scenic oversnow ride to start your holiday.
The Ski Tube is operated by Perisher and runs every 20-30 minutes from Bullocks Flat to Perisher Valley and onto Blue Cow.
There is ample free, security patrolled car parking at the terminal and the journey time to Perisher is a brisk 11 minutes.
The carpark is located outside of the National Park (no park entry fees, no snow chains) and below the snowline (no digging the car out after snow falls).
For more details including timetables, pricing and travelling with luggage, please see the Perisher website here.


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Blonde Jokes Weekly 13
Blonde Jokes Weekly 13 Next week we'll probably convert the Blonde Jokes Weekly to just regular jokes, but we'll see. In the meantime, enjoy! ~~~~~~ The Blonde Swimmer There was a Blonde, a Brunette, and a Redhead standing on the beach. They had decided the previous evening while in the bar in Newport Beach, California, … Read more


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WAGs (or Wags) is an acronym used to refer to Wives And Girlfriends of high-profile professional athletes. The term may also be used in the singular form, WAG, to refer to a specific female partner or life partner.The list is random so don't take the numbering as hotness meter. We tried to dig up a few sites to get this information which might or might not be accurate. But one thing is for these women are hot.
The list is random so don't take the numbering as hotness meter. We tried to dig up a few sites to get this information which might or might not be accurate. But one thing is for these women are hot.
#1. Pilar Rubio (Sergio Ramos)
#2. Sam Cooke (Chris Smalling Girlfriend)
#3. Lena (Julian Draxler Girlfriend)
#4. Lorena Bernal (Mikael Arteta Wife)
#5. Mazda Magui (Mamadou Sakho wife)
#6. Candy Rae-Fleur (Daley Blind girlfriend)
#7. Ana Ivanovic (Bastian Schweinsteiger Wife)
#8. Misse Beqiri (Anders Lindegaard Girlfriend)
#9. Polly Pearce (Thomas Vermaelen girlfriend)
#10. Irina Shayk (
Cristiano Ronaldo Girlfriend)
Cristiano Ronaldo has been dating Irina Shayk since 2010 and she is probably the longest relationship he has since he turned professional. The relationship however came to abrupt end earlier in year as Irina shayk called of her ties with Ronaldo.
#11. Ann Kathrin Brömmel (Mario Goetzo Gf)
#12. Edurne (David De Gea)
David De Gea is in stunning form this season with Manchester United and off the pitch he is not doing bad either. His girlfriend Eduran is a spanish pop star although 5 year older than him but they have been getting along pretty well.
#13. Melissa satta (kevin Prince Boeteng)
Malissa Satta has dated quite a few footballers in her time and recently she has been dating Ghana international Kevin Prince Boeteng. She was part of that world cup body paint campaign for Sports Illustrated a few years back.
#14. Yolanthe Cabau Sneijder (Wesley Snijder)
#15. Sara Carbonero (Iker Cassillas)
#16. Michela Quattrociocche (Alberto Aquilani)
#17. Amra Silajdzic (Eden Dzeko)
#18. Alex Gerrard (Steven Gerrard)
Steven Gerrard meet Alex through his friends and he did not wait too long before he proposed and married this hot english chick, they have been together for a while and have three kids.
#19. Lena Gercke (Sami Khadira)
#20 Viktoria Varga (Graziano Pelle Girlfriend)
#21 Alexandra ivarsdottir (Gylfi Sigurdsson Girlfriend)


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Resolutions from planners and designers for the new year.
Brittany Coyle, Ben Nissley, Andrew Dobshinsky
Andrew Dobshinsky
Brittany Coyle
As the year comes to a close, we look to 2012 and all of the possibilities that lie ahead. Along with new opportunities comes a chance to improve ourselves and break some of our bad habits. Enjoy our list of resolutions for the new year!


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An excellent selection of casino games and slots, along with a cool set of promotions and rewards is gagner un voyage gratuit aux maldives what makes this place tempting, but only for a while.An exciting VIP system offre d'emploi casino bale adds to the overall quality, although the minimum deposits could be a bit lower.Famous slot titles are Diamond Surprise, Citrus 7s, Rainforest Richers and Get Cracking.Parlay, games are the only two game suppliers of this casino, which is good for slot players and casino games lovers, as there is only 75 ball bingo titles.Casino Games - Blackjack, Video Poker, Table Poker, Caribbean Poker, Keno, Roulette, Craps, Pull Tabs.If you already have an account on our sites, be assured that your available funds are safe and secure and you can request to withdraw your outstanding balance at any time, by contacting your customer services.Advantages, free Bucks Upon Joining, aimed At US Players.Three rooms can be found on this site and all of them feature very clear explanations on how to play.Progressive Jackpots, free Games, various Payment Methods, multiple Software Providers.Only, small Number of Promotions, games, aceGaming and.Check out the latest sites, offers and our favourite games from the bingo sites section.Find out more about the MGA.Cashout Limits: 1,250 Weekly / 5000 Monthly; - reviewed by, alex Hoffmann, last updated Please Note: Only the following countries are allowed at this bingo room: Andorra, Argentina, Austria, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, Swiss Confederation, Chile, Germany, Spain, Finland, United Kingdom, Greece, Iceland, Japan.Tip: New players can use promo codes for huge first deposit bonus along with guaranteed cash-backs!
M also runs a daily free bingo game for fun.Although it's a bingo site, it doesn't really offer that much - only 75 ball games can be found in a couple of rooms.A minimum deposit is required to join the program and there is a VIP manager available at all times to help with exclusive offers.Bingo Games - 75 Ball Bingo.This public regulatory body is responsible for the governance of all forms of gaming based retro casino las vegas in Malta.M is not affiliated or connected with sports teams, event organisers or players displayed in its websites.Unfortunately, due to local regulation, 888 corporate group is no longer able to accept players from your country until further notice.To maintain the VIP level, players need to place minimum deposits each month.Disadvantages, english Only, poor or No Android Support, few Bingo Rooms 75 Ball Bingo.Loyalty Program, for regular players, there is a three level VIP program, which features bigger bonuses, cashbacks, extra chips and other rewards.Everyday a new set of bingo balls are drawn and winning patterns win points and points win prizes.Live Support 24/7, amazing First Deposit Bonus, vIP Scheme with Cashbacks.Your cards are stored in the account and you need to simply pop back every day and check your cards.A very detailed page with all the benefits can be found under the main menu.Security and Trust, secure Payment Methods "m" is a registered trademark.
M is not affiliated or connected with any mobile bran.
The casino obtained its license in Costa Rica and it has an impressive VIP program with cashbacks and reward points, but the minimum requirements might be a little too high.


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Mixture Of Colors For Crystal Rondelle Beaded Necklace
This lovely necklace is designed with 8 mm crystal rondelles. Some of the beads are two tone colored and some are single colors. The colors include gold, blue/crystal, clear crystal, green/gold. The colorful and sparkling creation is completed with 14/20 gold filled toggle clasp and 14/20 gold filled findings. The necklace is approximately 17-1/4 inches in length.