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How to get a mortgage with student loan debt: getting a mortgage with. If you can save a 20 percent down payment, your student loans are far.
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Get up to 5 Offers at LendingTree.com to see how much you can afford. This is part of an ongoing series that addresses frequently asked questions from home buyers. Today's question is: How much debt can you have and still get a mortgage loan? The short answer: Debt-to-income ratios, as they are.
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|Book Title
|: Constantinople
|: Roger Crowley
|: Faber & Faber
|Release Date
|: 2009-08-06
|: 336
|: 9780571250790
|Available Language
|: English, Spanish, And French
'Engagingly fresh and vivid . . . The 21-year-old Mehmet [the Ottoman Sultan] emerges from this book as ruthless but innovative, irascible but versatile and, above all, indefatigable - a worthy successor to Alexander and the Roman emperors he admired as much as any Muslim hero.' Malise Ruthven, Sunday Times In the spring of 1453, the Ottoman Turks advanced on Constantinople in pursuit of an ancient Islamic dream: capturing the thousand-year-old capital of Christian Byzantium. During the siege that followed, a small band of defenders, outnumbered ten to one, confronted the might of the Ottoman army in an epic contest fought on land, sea and underground. 'In this account of the 1453 siege, written in crackling prose by former Istanbul resident Roger Crowley - his first book and not, I hope, his last - we are treated to narrative history at its most enthralling.' Christopher Silvester, Daily Express 'A vivid and readable account of the siege . . . [And] an excellent traveller's guide to how and why Istanbul became a Muslim city.' Philip Mansel Guardian

subset: commoncrawl


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Obituaries » William 'Bill' D. Piechowski
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William 'Bill' D. Piechowski
February 20, 1945 - September 29, 2019
Burial Date October 4, 2019
Funeral Home Pawlak Funeral Home
William "Bill" D. Piechowski, 74 of Temperance, MI, died Sunday, September 29, 2019, at The Toledo Hospital. Born February 20, 1945, in Graceville, Minnesota, he was the son of Lester and Viola (Freske) Piechowski. A US Army veteran of the Vietnam War, he married Debra L. Campbell on December 31, 1984. Bill was employed by Giant Oaks Golf Club for the past 19 years. Prior, he worked for Chrysler (Jeep) Corporation for 12 years and Libby Owens Ford for 35 years. Bill was a member of the Southern Michigan Sportsman Club. He was an avid hunter, golfer and bowler.
He is survived by his loving wife of 34 years, Debra; children, Richard Snell, Billie Jo and Dakota Piechowski; grandchildren, Chase, Lil Ricky, Lucas and Aniya; brother, Robert (Diane) Piechowski; sisters, Joann Bestgen, Judy (Red) Wolf and Jane (Tom) Hess; His life-long friends, George and younger brother, Frank Simone. He was preceded in death by his parents; brothers, Dennis and Michael Piechowski and sister, Betty Stewart.
Visitation will be from 2-8 pm, Thursday, October 3, 2019, at the Michael W. Pawlak Funeral Home, 1640 Smith Rd. (at Jackman) Temperance, MI, where funeral services will be held at 11:00 am, Friday, October 4, 2019. Memorials may be made to the American Cancer Society. www.pawlakfuneralhome.com


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Click below to download : Mary Marston: A Novel - Chapter 20. The Wedding-Dress (Format : PDF)
Mary Marston: A Novel - Chapter 20. The Wedding-DressCHAPTER XX. THE WEDDING-DRESS
For all her troubles, however, Mary had her pleasures, even in the shop. It was a delight to receive the friendly greetings of such as had known and honored her father. She had the pleasure, as real as it was simple, of pure service, reaping the fruit of the earth in the joy of the work that was given her to do; there is no true work that does not carry its reward though there are few that do not drop it and lose it. She gathered also the pleasure of seeing and talking with people whose manners and speech were of finer grain and tone than those about her. When Hesper Mortimer entered the shop, she brought with her delight; her carriage was like the gait of an ode; her motions were rhythm; and her speech was music. Her smile was light, and her whole presence an enchantment to Mary. The reading aloud which Wardour had led her to practice had taught her much, not only in respect of the delicacies of speech and utterance, but in the deeper matters of motion, relation, and harmony. Hesper's clear- cut but not too sharply defined consonants; her soft but full- bodied vowels; above all, her slow cadences that hovered on the verge of song, as her walk on the verge of a slow aerial dance; the carriage of her head, the movements of her lips, her arms, her hands; the self-possession that seemed the very embodiment of law--these formed together a whole of inexpressible delight, inextricably for Mary associated with music and verse: she would hasten to serve her as if she had been an angel come to do a little earthly shopping, and return with the next heavenward tide. Hesper, in response all but unconscious, would be waited on by no other than Mary; and always between them passed some sweet, gentle nothings, which afforded Hesper more pleasure than she could have accounted for.
Her wedding-day was now for the third time fixed, when one morning she entered the shop to make some purchases. Not happy in the prospect before her, she was yet inclined to make the best of it so far as clothes were concerned--the more so, perhaps, that she had seldom yet been dressed to her satisfaction: she was now brooding over a certain idea for her wedding-dress, which she had altogether failed in the attempt to convey to her London _couturiere_; and it had come into her head to try whether Mary might not grasp her idea, and help her to make it intelligible. Mary listened and thought, questioned, and desired explanations--at length, begged she would allow her to ponder the thing a little: she could hardly at once venture to say anything. Hesper laughed, and said she was taking a small matter too seriously--concluding from Mary's hesitation that she had but perplexed her, and that she could be of no use to her in the difficulty.
"A small matter? Your wedding-dress!" exclaimed Mary, in a tone of expostulation.
Hesper did not laugh again, but gave a little sigh instead, which struck sadly on Mary's sympathetic heart. She cast a quick look in her face. Hesper caught the look, and understood it. For one passing moment she felt as if, amid the poor pleasure of adorning herself for a hated marriage, she had found a precious thing of which she had once or twice dreamed, never thought as a possible existence--a friend, namely, to love her: the next, she saw the absurdity of imagining a friend in a shop-girl.
"But I must make up my mind so soon!" she answered. "Madame Crepine gave me her idea, in answer to mine, but nothing like it, two days ago; and, as I have not written again, I fear she may be taking her own way with the thing. I am certain to hate it."
"I will talk to you about it as early as you please to-morrow, if that will do," returned Mary.
She knew nothing about dressmaking beyond what came of a true taste, and the experience gained in cutting out and making her own garments, which she had never yet found a dressmaker to do to her mind; and, indeed, Hesper had been led to ask her advice mainly from observing how neat the design of her dresses was, and how faithfully they fitted her. Dress is a sort of freemasonry between girls.
"But I can not have the horses to-morrow," said Hesper.
"I might," pondered Mary aloud, after a moment's silence, "walk out to Durnmelling this evening after the shop is shut. By that time I shall have been able to think; I find it impossible, with you before me."
Hesper acknowledged the compliment with a very pleasant smile. If it be true, as I may not doubt, that women, in dressing, have the fear of women and not of men before their eyes, then a compliment from some women must be more acceptable to some than a compliment from any man but the specially favored.
"Thank you a thousand times," she drawled, sweetly. "Then I shall expect you. Ask for my maid. She will take you to my room. Good- by for the present."
As soon as she was gone, Mary, her mind's eye full of her figure, her look, her style, her motion, gave herself to the important question of the dress conceived by Hesper; and during her dinner- hour contrived to cut out and fit to her own person the pattern of a garment such as she supposed intended in the not very lucid description she had given her. When she was free, she set out with it for Durnmelling.
It was rather a long walk, the earlier part of it full of sad reminders of the pleasure with which, greater than ever accompanied her to church, she went to pay her Sunday visit at Thornwick; but the latter part, although the places were so near, almost new to her: she had never been within the gate of Durnmelling, and felt curious to see the house of which she had so often heard.
The butler opened the door to her--an elderly man, of conscious dignity rather than pride, who received the "young person" graciously, and, leaving her in the entrance-hall, went to find "Miss Mortimer's maid," he said, though there was but one lady's- maid in the establishment.
The few moments she had to wait far more than repaid her for the trouble she had taken: through a side-door she looked into the great roofless hall, the one grand thing about the house. Its majesty laid hold upon her, and the shopkeeper's daughter felt the power of the ancient dignity and ineffaceable beauty far more than any of the family to which it had for centuries belonged.
She was standing lost in delight, when a rude voice called to her from half-way up a stair:
"You're to come this way, miss."
With a start, she turned and went. It was a large room to which she was led. There was no one in it, and she walked to an open window, which had a wide outlook across the fields. A little to the right, over some trees, were the chimneys of Thornwick. She almost started to see them--so near, and yet so far--like the memory of a sweet, sad story.
"Do you like my prospect?" asked the voice of Hesper behind her. "It is flat."
"I like it much, Miss Mortimer," answered Mary, turning quickly with a bright face. "Flatness has its own beauty. I sometimes feel as if room was all I wanted; and of that there is so much there! You see over the tree-tops, too, and that is good-- sometimes--don't you think?"
Miss Mortimer gave no other reply than a gentle stare, which expressed no curiosity, although she had a vague feeling that Mary's words meant something. Most girls of her class would hardly have got so far.
The summer was backward, but the day had been fine and warm, and the evening was dewy and soft, and full of evasive odor. The window looked westward, and the setting sun threw long shadows toward the house. A gentle wind was moving in the tree-tops. The spirit of the evening had laid hold of Mary. The peace of faithfulness filled the air. The day's business vanished, molten in the rest of the coming night. Even Hesper's wedding-dress was gone from her thoughts. She was in her own world, and ready, for very, quietness of spirit, to go to sleep. But she had not forgotten the delight of Hesper's presence; it was only that all relation between them was gone except such as was purely human.
"This reminds me so of some beautiful verses of Henry Vaughan!" she said, half dreamily.
"What do they say?" drawled Hesper.
Mary repeated as follows:
"'The frosts are past, the storms are gone,
And backward life at last comes on.
And here in dust and dirt, O here,
The Lilies of His love appear!'"
"Whose did you say the lines were?" asked Hesper, with merest automatic response.
"Henry Vaughan's," answered Mary, with a little spiritual shiver as of one who had dropped a pearl in the miry way.
"I never heard of him," rejoined Hesper, with entire indifference.
For anything she knew, he might be an occasional writer in "The Belgrave Magazine," or "The Fireside Herald." Ignorance is one of the many things of which a lady of position is never ashamed; wherein she is, it may be, more right than most of my readers will be inclined to allow; for ignorance is not the thing to be ashamed of, but neglect of knowledge. That a young person in Mary's position should know a certain thing, was, on the other hand, a reason why a lady in Hesper's position should not know it! Was it possible a shop-girl should know anything that Hesper ought to know and did not? It was foolish of Mary, perhaps, but she had vaguely felt that a beautiful lady like Miss Mortimer, and with such a name as Hesper, must know all the lovely things she knew, and many more besides.
"He lived in the time of the Charleses," she said, with a tremble in her voice, for she was ashamed to show her knowledge against the other's ignorance.
"Ah!" drawled Hesper, with a confused feeling that people who kept shops read stupid old books that lay about, because they could not subscribe to a circulating library.--"Are you fond of poetry?" she added; for the slight, shadowy shyness, into which her venture had thrown Mary, drew her heart a little, though she hardly knew it, and inclined her to say something.
"Yes," answered Mary, who felt like a child questioned by a stranger in the road; "--when it is good," she added, hesitatingly.
"What do you mean by good?" asked Hesper--out of her knowledge, Mary thought, but it was not even out of her ignorance, only out of her indifference. People must say something, lest life should stop.
"That is a question difficult to answer," replied Mary. "I have often asked it of myself, but never got any plain answer."
"I do not see why you should find any difficulty in it," returned Hesper, with a shadow of interest. "You know what you mean when you say to yourself you like this, or you do not like that."
"How clever she is, too!" thought Mary; but she answered: "I don't think I ever say anything to myself about the poetry I read--not at the time, I mean. If I like it, it drowns me; and, if I don't like it, it is as the Dead Sea to me, in which you know you can't sink, if you try ever so."
Hesper saw nothing in the words, and began to fear that Mary was so stupid as to imagine herself clever; whereupon the fancy she had taken to her began to sink like water in sand. The two were still on their feet, near the window--Mary, in her bonnet, with her back to it, and Hesper, in evening attire, with her face to the sunset, so that the one was like a darkling worshiper, the other like the radiant goddess. But the truth was, that Hesper was a mere earthly woman, and Mary a heavenly messenger to her. Neither of them knew it, but so it was; for the angels are essentially humble, and Hesper would have condescended to any angel out of her own class.
"I think I know good poetry by what it does to me," resumed Mary, thoughtfully, just as Hesper was about to pass to the business of the hour.
"Indeed!" rejoined Hesper, not less puzzled than before, if the word should be used where there was no effort to understand. Poetry had never done anything to her, and Mary's words conveyed no shadow of an idea.
The tone of her _indeed checked Mary. She hesitated a moment, but went on.
"Sometimes," she said, "it makes me feel as if my heart were too big for my body; sometimes as if all the grand things in heaven and earth were trying to get into me at once; sometimes as if I had discovered something nobody else knew; sometimes as if--no, not _as if_, for then I _must go and pray to God. But I am trying to tell you what I don't know how to tell. I am not talking nonsense, I hope, only ashamed of myself that I can't talk sense.--I will show you what I have been doing about your dress."
Far more to Hesper's surprise and admiration than any of her half-foiled attempts at the utterance of her thoughts, Mary, taking from her pocket the shape she had prepared, put it on herself, and, slowly revolving before Hesper, revealed what in her eyes was a masterpiece.
"But how clever of you!" she cried.--Her own fingers had not been quite innocent of the labor of the needle, for money had long been scarce at Durnmelling, and in the paper shape she recognized the hand of an artist.--"Why," she continued, "you are nothing less than an accomplished dressmaker!"
"That I dare not think myself," returned Mary, "seeing I never had a lesson."
"I wish you would make my wedding-dress," said Hesper.
"I could not venture, even if I had the time," answered Mary. "The moment I began to cut into the stuff, I should be terrified, and lose my self-possession. I never made a dress for anybody but myself."
"You are a little witch!" said Hesper; while Mary, who had roughly prepared a larger shape, proceeded to fit it to her person.
She was busy pinning and unpinning, shifting and pinning again, when suddenly Hesper said:
"I suppose you know I am going to marry money?"
"Oh! don't say that. It's too dreadful!" cried Mary, stopping her work, and looking up in Hesper's face.
"What! you supposed I was going to marry a man like Mr. Redmain for love?" rejoined Hesper, with a hard laugh.
"I can not bear to think of it!" said Mary. "But you do not really mean it! You are only--making fun of me! Do say you are."
"Indeed, I am not. I wish I could say I was! It is very horrid, I know, but where's the good of mincing matters? If I did not call the thing by its name, the thing would be just the same. You know, people in our world have to do as they must; they can't pick and choose like you happy creatures. I dare say, now, you are engaged to a young man you love with all your heart, one you would rather marry than any other in the whole universe."
"Oh, dear, no!" returned Mary, with a smile most plainly fancy- free. "I am not engaged, nor in the least likely to be."
"And not in love either?" said Hesper--with such coolness that Mary looked up in her face to know if she had really said so.
"No," she replied.
"No more am I," echoed Hesper; "that is the one good thing in the business: I sha'n't break my heart, as some girls do. At least, so they say--I don't believe it: how could a girl be so indecent? It is bad enough to marry a man: that one can't avoid; but to die of a broken heart is to be a traitor to your sex. As if women couldn't live without men!"
Mary smiled and was silent. She had read a good deal, and thought she understood such things better than Miss Mortimer. But she caught herself smiling, and she felt as if she had sinned. For that a young woman should speak of love and marriage as Miss Mortimer did, was too horrible to be understood--and she had smiled! She would have been less shocked with Hesper, however, had she known that she forced an indifference she could not feel --her last poor rampart of sand against the sea of horror rising around her. But from her heart she pitied her, almost as one of the lost.
"Don't fix your eyes like that," said Hesper, angrily, "or I shall cry. Look the other way, and listen.--I am marrying money, I tell you--and for money; therefore, I ought to get the good of it. Mr. Mortimer will be father enough to see to that! So I shall be able to do what I please. I have fallen in love with you; and why shouldn't I have you for my--"
She paused, hesitating: what was it she was about to propose to the little lady standing before her? She had been going to say _maid_: what was it that checked her? The feeling was to herself shapeless and nameless; but, however some of my readers may smile at the notion of a girl who served behind a counter being a lady, and however ready Hesper Mortimer would have been to join them, it was yet a vague sense of the fact that was now embarrassing her, for she was not half lady enough to deal with it. In very truth, Mary Marston was already immeasurably more of a lady than Hesper Mortimer was ever likely to be in this world. What was the stateliness and pride of the one compared to the fact that the other would have died in the workhouse or the street rather than let a man she did not love embrace her--yes, if all her ancestors in hell had required the sacrifice! To be a martyr to a lie is but false ladyhood. She only is a lady who witnesses to the truth, come of it what may.
"--For my--my companion, or something of the sort," concluded Hesper; "and then I should be sure of being always dressed to my mind."
"That _would be nice!" responded Mary, thinking only of the kindness in the speech.
"Would you really like it?" asked Hesper, in her turn pleased.
"I should like it very much," replied Mary, not imagining the proposal had in it a shadow of seriousness. "I wish it were possible."
"Why not, then? Why shouldn't it be possible? I don't suppose you would mind using your needle a little?"
"Not in the least," answered Mary, amused. "Only what would they do in the shop without me?"
"They could get somebody else, couldn't they?"
"Hardly, to take my place. My father was Mr. Turnbull's partner."
"Oh!" said Hesper, not much instructed. "I thought you had only to give warning."
There the matter dropped, and Mary thought no more about it.
"You will let me keep this pattern?" said Hesper.
"It was made for you," answered Mary.
While Hesper was lazily thinking whether that meant she was to pay for it, Mary made her a pretty obeisance, and bade her good night. Hesper returned her adieu kindly, but neither shook hands with her nor rang the bell to have her shown out Mary found her own way, however, and presently was breathing the fresh air of the twilight fields on her way home to her piano and her books.
For some time after she was gone, Hesper was entirely occupied with the excogitation of certain harmonies of the toilet that must minister effect to the dress she had now so plainly before her mind's eye; but by and by the dress began to melt away, and like a dissolving view disappeared, leaving in its place the form of "that singular shop-girl." There was nothing striking about her; she made no such sharp impression on the mind as compelled one to think of her again; yet always, when one had been long enough in her company to feel the charm of her individuality, the very quiet of any quiet moment was enough to bring back the sweetness of Mary's twilight presence. For this girl, who spent her days behind a counter, was one of the spiritual forces at work for the conservation and recovery of the universe.
Not only had Hesper Mortimer never had a friend worthy of the name, but no idea of pure friendship had as yet been generated in her. Sepia was the nearest to her intimacy: how far friendship could have place between two such I need not inquire; but in her fits of misery Hesper had no other to go to. Those fits, alas! grew less and less frequent; for Hesper was on the downward incline; but, when the next came, after this interview, she found herself haunted, at a little distance, as it were, by a strange sense of dumb, invisible tending. It did not once come close to her; it did not once offer her the smallest positive consolation; the thing was only this, that the essence of Mary's being was so purely ministration, that her form could not recur to any memory without bringing with it a dreamy sense of help. Most powerful of all powers in its holy insinuation is _being_. _To be is more powerful than even _to do_. Action _may be hypocrisy, but being is the thing itself, and is the parent of action. Had anything that Mary said recurred to Hesper, she would have thought of it only as the poor sentimentality of a low education.
But Hesper did not think of Mary's position as low; that would have been to measure it; and it did not once suggest itself as having any relation to any life in which she was interested. She saw no difference of level between Mary and the lawyer who came about her marriage settlements: they were together beyond her social horizon. In like manner, moral differences--and that in her own class--were almost equally beyond recognition. If by neglect of its wings, an eagle should sink to a dodo, it would then recognize only the laws of dodo life. For the dodos of humanity, did not one believe in a consuming fire and an outer darkness, what would be left us but an ever-renewed _alas_! It is truth and not imperturbability that a man's nature requires of him; it is help, not the leaving of cards at doors, that will be recognized as the test; it is love, and no amount of flattery that will prosper; differences wide as that between a gentleman and a cad will contract to a hair's breadth in that day; the customs of the trade and the picking of pockets will go together, with the greater excuse for the greater need and the less knowledge; liars the most gentleman-like and the most rowdy will go as liars; the first shall be last, and the last first.
Hesper's day drew on. She had many things to think about--things very different from any that concerned Mary Marston. She was married; found life in London somewhat absorbing; and forgot Mary.
Mary Marston: A Novel - Chapter 24. Mrs. Redmain's Drawing-Room
Mary Marston: A Novel - Chapter 19. Mary In The Shop
- Mary Marston: A Novel - Chapter 24. Mrs. Redmain's Drawing-Room
- Mary Marston: A Novel - Chapter 25. Mary's Reception
- Mary Marston: A Novel - Chapter 26. Her Position
- Mary Marston: A Novel - Chapter 27. Mr. And Mrs. Helmer
- Mary Marston: A Novel - Chapter 28. Mary Akd Letty
- Mary Marston: A Novel - Chapter 29. The Evening Star
- Mary Marston: A Novel - Chapter 30. A Scolding
- Mary Marston: A Novel - Chapter 34. A Stray Sound
- Mary Marston: A Novel - Chapter 35. The Musician
- Mary Marston: A Novel - Chapter 36. A Change


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Exploration of thermoelectricity in ScRhTe and ZrPtPb Half Heusler compounds: A first principle study
Exploration of thermoelectricity in ScRhTe and ZrPtPb Half Heusler compounds: A first principle study
Exploration of thermoelectricity in ScRhTe and ZrPtPb Half Heusler compounds: A first principle study
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 715 (2017) 297e303 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Alloys and Compounds journal homepage: http:...
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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 715 (2017) 297e303
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Alloys and Compounds journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jalcom
Exploration of thermoelectricity in ScRhTe and ZrPtPb Half Heusler compounds: A first principle study Kulwinder Kaur*, Jaswinder Kaur Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
a r t i c l e i n f o
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Article history: Received 15 February 2017 Received in revised form 1 April 2017 Accepted 1 May 2017 Available online 3 May 2017
Motivated by the results of other well known Half Heusler compounds, the structural, electronic, phonon and thermoelectric properties of two novel Half Heusler compounds ScRhTe and ZrPtPb are thoroughly investigated with the frame work of first principle calculations and semi classical Boltzmann equations with constant relaxation time approximation. These materials show direct band semiconductors nature with band gap 0.43 eV (ScRhTe) and 0.83 eV (ZrPtPb) respectively. The phonon dispersion curves indicate that these compounds are thermodynamically stable. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, electronic thermal conductivity and power factor as function of chemical potential are evaluated in this report. These materials have high power factor for n-type doping. The lattice thermal conductivity of these materials decreases with increase in temperature. The calculated results divulge that these materials are potential candidates for thermoelectric applications. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Density functional theory Thermoelectric properties Half Heusler compounds Electronic structure
1. Introduction Thermoelectric materials are of contemporary attention because of their ability to convert heat into electricity and vice versa. The performances of these materials are characterized by dimensionless figure of merit (ZT). The figure of merit (ZT) is defined as:
S2 s T ke þ kl
where S, s, ke , T and kl are the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, electronic thermal conductivity, absolute temperature and lattice thermal conductivity. Probing for novel thermoelectric materials with high power factor (S2 s) and low thermal conductivity (k ¼ ke þ kl) is challenging now days. Diverse materials have been identified like Bi2Te3 [1,2], Si1-xGex [3,4], complex chalcogenides [5,6] and Skutterudites [7,8] etc. as a potential thermoelectric materials. Heusler compounds have attractive intention in science community because of their applications like spintronics, thermoelectric, superconductors and topological insulators [9]. In the last decade, the Half Heusler compounds with 18 valence electrons have emerged as promising materials for thermoelectric * Corresponding author. E-mail address:
[email protected]
(K. Kaur). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.05.005 0925-8388/© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
applications [10e13]. These materials have small band gap and large value of Seebeck coefficient. The tremendous advantage of these materials is that they can be easily synthesized as dense sample [14] and their efficiency can be enhanced via doping or by introducing defects and impurities. Another motive to reflect on these materials is the high value of power factor which is imperative criteria for thermoelectric applications. The Half Heusler compounds MNiSn (M ¼ Ti, Zr, Hf) with figure of merit (ZT) lying in range 0.7e1.5 are most reliable compounds [15e17]. In p-type XCoSb (X ¼ Ti, Zr, Hf) compounds, the maximum value of ZT~1.0 is obtained at 1097 K [18e20]. Recently NbFeSb Half Heusler compounds have great interest because of their high value of ZT~1.5 at 1200 K for p-type doping [21e24]. However their ZT is improved by playing with different types of doping, nanostructuring etc. The lattice thermal conductivity of TiNiSn and ZrCoSb Half Heusler compounds have been investigated with first principle calculations and obtained results are in good agreement with available experimental data [25,26]. Recently YNiBi [27] material has been found having low thermal conductivity with very low value of figure of merit. Recently Zunger and his coworker synthesized new Half Heusler compounds (ZrNiPb and HfNiPb) with small band gaps [28]. Zunger et al. have found that these materials are semiconductor in nature. To the best of my knowledge, no theoretical and experimental works are available on these systems. The aim of this paper is to systematically investigate the electronic structure, structural properties, phonon properties and thermoelectric
K. Kaur, J. Kaur / Journal of Alloys and Compounds 715 (2017) 297e303
properties of these two Half Heusler compounds. The key points of this work which makes it better as compared to other theoretical works present in literature are. 1. The electronic structures and electronic thermoelectric properties have considered. 2. The analysis of the stability of these materials, a detailed description of phonon properties. 3. The thermal transport properties arising from phonon (lattice thermal conductivity) have been evaluated. 4. Lattice constants, bulk modulus (B), pressure derivative of bulk modulus (B0 ) and specific heat at constant volume of these materials have been calculated. The paper is organized as follows: in next section, computational methods are discussed; in third section the main results and discussion are elaborated. The conclusions drawn from this work are given in last section. 2. Computational methods The methodology used in this work has been explained in our earlier work [29,30]. The pseudo potential plane wave method within density functional theory as implemented in Quantum Espresso simulation package [31] was used for the computation of structural and electronic properties of these materials. In this work, Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) [32] with Perdew Burke- Ernzerhof (PBE) was adopted for exchange correlation functional. The plane wave cut off energy was set to be 40 Ryd and 16 16 16 k-mesh was used under MonkhorstePack scheme [33]. The convergence criteria for total energy and atomic force were set 105 Ryd and 104 Ryd/bohr, respectively. Using output and symmetry of Quantum Espresso code, we have calculated the electronic thermoelectric properties of these compounds. To find these properties, BoltzTraP code [34] has been used which is based on constant relaxation time approximation and rigid band approximation [RBA] [35,36]. With this code thermoelectric properties are calculated with respect to the relaxation time (t). To calculate lattice thermal conductivity (kl), ShengBTE code [37] based on phonon Boltzmann transport equation (pBTE) has been used. This code is based on the second-order (harmonic) and thirdorder (anharmonic) interatomic force constants (IFCs) combined with a full solution of the pBTE and successfully predict the lattice thermal conductivity (kl) [38,39]. Quasi Harmonic approximation (QHA) [40] implemented in Quantum espresso Code [31] was used to calculate the specific heat of the lattice.
Table 1 The calculated values of lattice constants, bulk modulus (B), Pressure derivative of 0 bulk modulus (B ) and band gap of ScRhTe and ZrPtPb. Materials
Lattice constant bulk modulus (B) Pressure derivative of B Band Gap (eV) Lattice constant bulk modulus (B) Pressure derivative of B Band Gap(eV)
6.335 79.3 3.96 0.43 6.537 126.01 4.61 0.83
6.350 e e 0.75 6.518 e e 1.01
By using the optimized lattice constant, we have calculated the electronic band structures along high symmetry k-points as shown in Fig. 1(a) and Fig. 2 (a). The calculated band structures indicate that both materials are direct band gap semiconductors (Fig. 1(a)) and their band gap values are shown in Table 1. In both compounds, the highest occupied valence band (HOVB) lies at t point and the lowest unoccupied conduction band (LUCB) lie at K high symmetry point. The existence of band gap in Half Heusler compounds with 18 valence electrons is explained by Galanakis et al. [42] on the basis of DMSO-d6 hybridization. The participation of d eorbitals in Half Heusler compounds is responsible for creating a band gap which is known as DMSO-d6 band gap. To analyze the contribution of different atomic orbitals, total density of states (DOS) and projected density of states (PDOS) are plotted in Figs. 1(b) and 2(b). In ScRhTe, d-states of Rh give maximum contribution in valence band region and Sc ed states contributes maximum in conduction band region. In ZrPtPb, the valence band composes with mixing of dstates of Pt, Pb s-states and Zr d-states. Pt d-states gives maximum contribution in valance band and Zr d-states gives maximum contribution in conduction band. The hybridization of DMSO-d6 orbital takes place near the Fermi level. In both the materials, the present of sharp band in conduction band indicate that these materials have high power factor in n-type composition. From the above discussion, we can say that d-electrons of elements play a major role in thermoelectric properties. To analyze the stability of these compounds, we have also calculated the phonon dispersion and phonon density of states and is depicted in Figs. 3 and 4. There is no occurrence of negative frequency, which shows that this material is thermodynamically stable. There are three atoms in primitive unit cell which give rise to the nine phonon branches including six optical modes and three acoustic modes. The calculated total phonon density of states is used to estimate the temperature dependent specific heat (Cv) of systems in a quasi eharmonic approximation. The constant evolume specific heat (Cv) is written as
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Structural and electronic properties
Cv ðTÞ ¼ KB
The lattice parameter and bulk modulus have been calculated by computing the total energy for different volumes and fitted to Murnaghan's equation of state [41].
PðVÞ ¼
where P is the pressure, V0 is the reference volume, V is the deformed volume, B0 is the bulk modulus, and B00 is the derivative of the bulk modulus with respect to pressure. The structural parameters of relaxed ScRhTe and ZrPtPtb compounds are presented in Table 1 and our findings show close agreement with the previous works [28].
exp ħku B 2 FðuÞdu ħ u exp k 1 ħu kB T
where kB is Boltzmann's constant, ħ is Planck's constant, FðuÞ is the phonon density of states and T is temperature (see Fig. 5). 3.2. Thermoelectric properties The variation of Seebeck coefficient of these materials with temperature and concentration is depicted in Fig. 6. In both materials, the maximum value of Seebeck Coefficient is obtained for ntype doping and the optimal carrier concentration is 1020 cm3. The calculated Seebeck coefficient (S), electrical conductivity (s/ t), electronic thermal conductivity (ke/t) and power factor (S2s/t)
K. Kaur, J. Kaur / Journal of Alloys and Compounds 715 (2017) 297e303
Fig. 1. (a) Band structure (b) density of states of ScRhTe.
Fig. 2. (a) Band structure (b) density of states of ZrPtPb.
Fig. 3. Phonon dispersion and phonon density of states of ScRhTe.
K. Kaur, J. Kaur / Journal of Alloys and Compounds 715 (2017) 297e303
Fig. 4. Phonon dispersion and phonon density of states of ZrPtPb.
of both materials as function of chemical potential at 1020 cm3 carrier concentration are plotted in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8. The sharp density of states near the band edge and the width of band gap are good sign for the thermoelectric properties of materials. In these materials, the calculated band structure has a sharp conduction band and flat valence band which reveals that these materials have good transport properties. The large slope of density of states near the energy gap may give rise to a large Seebeck coefficient [43]. Figs. 7 and 8, demonstrate the calculated thermoelectric properties of both materials at different temperatures of 300, 500, 600 and 700 K for the chemical potential (m) in the range of -2eV to 2eV. The positive value of chemical potential (m) indicates that the doping is n-type and negative value of m represents the p-type doping. The Seebeck coefficient as function of chemical potential at different temperatures 300, 500, 600 and 700 K is depicted in Figs. 7(a) and 8(a). In Figs. 7(a) and 8(a), the peaks are obtained between 0.5 and 0.5 of chemical potential. The curves tend rapidly to zero outside this range. The maximum value of Seebeck coefficient is
Fig. 5. Specific heat at constant volume with temperature.
obtained at 300 K. which means that this material has good thermoelectric performance. The maximum value of Seebeck coefficient decreases with increase in temperature. ScRhTe and ZrPtPb materials are n-type semiconductors and provide better thermoelectric performance. Figs. 7(b) and 8(b) show the variation of electrical conductivity per second with chemical potential and temperature. The electrical conductivity per second exhibits similar behavior at all temperatures. The value of electrical conductivity per second increases with increase in chemical potential at all temperatures. The increase in carrier concentration increases the mobility which increases the conductivity. The value of electrical conductivity with respect to relaxation time is high for positive chemical potential as compared to negative value of m, from which we can say that n-type composition has high electrical conductivity than p-type composition. The value of electrical conductivity per second is zero in 0.25 to 0.25 range of chemical potential. But beyond this range the value increases. Figs. 7 (c) and 8 (c) shows the variation of electronic thermal conductivity per second with chemical potential (m) and temperature. These plots also show that the electronic thermal conductivity increases with chemical potential and temperature. The value of electronic thermal conductivity per second is large for positive chemical potential than negative chemical potential. The variation of power factor (S2 s) with chemical potential at different temperatures are depicted in Figs. 7 (d) and 8 (d). The power factor reflects the performance the thermoelectric materials. The maximum value of power factor 4.95 1011 W/msK2 (ScRhTe) and 6.73 1011 W/msK2 (ZrPtPb) are observed for n-type doping at 700 K in both materials. Total thermal conductivity is sum of electronic (ke) and lattice thermal conductivity (kl). The variations of lattice thermal conductivity with temperature of both materials are plotted in Fig. 9. This plot revealed that the lattice thermal conductivity decreases with increase in temperature. The lattice thermal conductivity shows 1/T dependence. At room temperature, the lattice thermal conductivity of both materials is 8.35 W/mK (ScRhTe) and 7.97 W/ mK (ZrPtPb) respectively. We compared our calculated results with other well know Half Heusler compounds like ZrNiPb (14.5 W/mK) [44], TiNiSn (7.6 W/mK) [25] and HfNiSn (6.7e10 W/mK) [44]. It gives good agreement with other well known Half Heusler compounds.
K. Kaur, J. Kaur / Journal of Alloys and Compounds 715 (2017) 297e303
Fig. 6. Variation of Seebeck coefficient (a) ScRhTe (b) ZrPtPb at different concentration (cm3) and temperature.
Fig. 7. The variation of (a) Seebeck Coefficient (b) electrical conductivity (c) electronic thermal conductivity (d) power factor with chemical potential (m) at different temperature in ScRhTe.
K. Kaur, J. Kaur / Journal of Alloys and Compounds 715 (2017) 297e303
Fig. 8. The variation of (a) Seebeck Coefficient (b) electrical conductivity (c) electronic thermal conductivity (d) power factor with chemical potential (m) at different temperature in ZrPtPb.
4. Conclusion In summary, the structural, electronic, phonon and thermoelectric properties of ScRhTe and ZrPtPb are calculated using first principle calculations and Boltzmann transport theory. It is found that these materials are direct band gap semiconductors. The phonon dispersion relation and phonon density show that these materials are thermodynamically stable because there is no negative frequency. The maximum value of thermo power of both materials is obtained at 1020 cm3. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity per second, electronic thermal conductivity per second and power factor with chemical potential at different temperatures are also calculated. These materials have high power factor for n-type doping. The lattice thermal conductivity of both materials is also obtained with variation of temperature. The lattice thermal conductivity decreases with increase in temperature. We can say that these materials are good for thermoelectric application. The structural, electronic, thermoelectric and phonon properties of these materials are studied first time in this work. Fig. 9. The calculated lattice thermal conductivity of ScRhTe and ZrPtPb with temperature.
K. Kaur, J. Kaur / Journal of Alloys and Compounds 715 (2017) 297e303
Acknowledgement The author, Kulwinder Kaur, thanks the Council of a Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India for providing fellowship. References [1] W.S. Liu, Q. Zhang, Y. Lan, S. Chen, X. Yan, Q. Zhang, H. Wang, D. Wang, G. Chen, Z. Ren, Adv. Energy Mater. 1 (2011) 577. [2] D.K. Ko, Y. Kang, C.B. Murray, Nano Lett. 11 (2011) 2841. [3] M. Zebarjadi, G. Joshi, G. Zhu, B. Yu, A. Minnich, Y. Lan, X. Wang, M. Dresselhaus, Z. Ren, G. Chen, Nano Lett. 11 (2011) 2225. [4] B. Yu, M. Zebarjadi, H. Wang, K. Lukas, H. Wang, D. Wang, C. Opeil, M. Dresselhaus, G. Chen, Z. Ren, Nano Lett. 12 (2012) 2077. [5] D.Y. Chung, T.H. Hogan, P. Brazis, M. Rocci-Lane, C. Kannewurf, M. Bastae, C. Uher, M.G. Kanatzidis, Science 287 (2000) 1024. [6] R.T. Littleton IV, Terry M. Tritt, J.W. Kolis, D.R. Ketchum, Phys. Rev. B 60 (1999) 13453. [7] G.S. Nolas, M. Kaeser, T.M. Tritt, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 (2000) 1855. [8] B.C. Sales, D. Mandrus, R.K. Williams, Science 272 (1996) 1325. [9] T. Graf, C. Felser, S.S. Parkin, Prog. Solid State Chem. 39 (2011) 1. [10] J.R. Sootsman, D.Y. Chung, M.G. Kanatzidis, Ange-wandte Chem. Int. Ed. 48 (2009) 8616. [11] M. Schwall, B. Balke, Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 (2011) 042106. [12] S. Chen, Z. Ren, Mater. Today 16 (2013) 387. [13] J. Yang, H. Li, T. Wu, W. Zhang, L. Chen, J. Yang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 18 (2008) 2880. [14] G.S. Nolas, J. Poon, M. Kanatzidis, MRS Bull. Volume 31 (March 2006). [15] Q. Shen, L. Chen, T. Goto, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 (2001) 4165. [16] S. Sakurada, N. Shutoh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 (2005) 082105. [17] Cui Yu, Tie-Jun Zhu, Rui-Zhi Shi, et al., Acta Mater. 57 (2009) 2757. [18] X. Yan, W. Liu, S. Chen, H. Wang, Q. Zhang, G. Chen, Z. Ren, Adv. Energy Mater. 3 (2013) 1195. [19] E. Rausch, B. Balke, S. Ouardi, C. Felser, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16 (2014) 25258. [20] R. He, H.S. Kim, Y. Lan, D. Wang, S. Chen, Z. Ren, RSC Adv. 4 (9) (2014) 64711.
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11:53 am
April 18, 2017
Hi all.
Exciting times! My Zero passed the IVA a few weeks ago and I'm now waiting like an expectant father for the registration documents to come back from DVLA so that I can finally drive it...
Planning to get quite a few miles under my belt over the next couple of months, mainly to give the car a good shakedown and hopefully sort out any niggles that arise before my first proper road trip in July.
My nephew and I are planning a trip starting from my home town of Bridport (Dorset) and heading to Amsterdam > Stelvio Pass > Lake Garda > Monte Carlo > Amsterdam and the back to Bridport - aiming to take 7 - 8 days. Bearing in mind the slightly restrictive boot size and the fact that we will need to take a few clothes etc, are there any motoring essentials that you think we would be wise to make room for. For example, I've been advised to take a spare throttle cable....
Thoughts welcome..
2:37 pm
June 20, 2014
5:36 pm
July 30, 2015
8:32 pm
May 6, 2015
That sounds like a great trip - I'd love to do that
If you did the throttle cable using just the stuff that comes with the GBS kit, be prepared for it to go. Mine lasted 5k miles, however, so you should be OK for your trip.
Details of what happened to mine are here:
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On the other hand some men prefer a tight based condom as it can help with problems keeping erect as well as help delay orgasm in some cases. Just wanted to thank this site and calculator : , Ive been having a bit of trouble with condoms since ever so my first girl and I used to do it bareback dont kill me. Please note: If no author information is provided, the source is cited instead. After doing some research, I discovered I am larger than most in girth. It is also lubricated to provide you with a natural feeling. This is an important question to ask, especially if you are going to engage in sexual activity for the first time. The end definitely justifies the means.
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I already have 1 single trojan enz and 1 single trojan ultra ribbed. It's lubricated with a smooth silicone based lube and has a reservoir tip. The extra large size chart represents condoms from a variety of manufacturers. However my girth at the base is a bit over 6-6. If not, it for yourself. The products reviewed above are all excellent options so be sure to check out the ones that appeal to you. Condoms Classic Ultra Thin Do {Each Other} Good Lubricated,100 percent latex condoms that have a spermicide-free, lubricant, and are vegan-friendly.
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Although they will all be safe, you will want to look for one that is most comfortable for you. Manufacturers base condom sizes on both length and width measurements. This condom calculator helps you find the most appropriate condoms according to your penis circumference. They were also more likely to remove the condom prematurely. Some of the more popular Durex condoms made for the average man are Avanti Ultima Enhanced Pleasure, Her Sensation, Performax, and Extra Sensitive. The condom width and length sizes are then included in both inches and millimeters and the condom head width is included where applicable. Write down your measurements and get shopping! Since these condoms are tapered at the base, they fit perfectly well.
Then, take a rule and measure the piece of string. Place a ruler or measuring tape against the base of your erect penis. This is the first large-sized condom made from polyisoprene. Unfortunately, as with beer and soccer, Europe is way ahead of the U. Once you have this file open, print it out on your printer. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Most people with penises can use standard-size condoms, and when a wearer complains that a condom is too small or too tight, it usually has less to do with the condom length and more to do with the snugness at the tip.
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A10, exit 46 Bischofshofen. Dir. Zell am See B311 as far as exit St. Johann im Pongau/Grossarl/Huttschlag. Under viaduct; cross over bridge; first road on the left. Entrance after 150m.
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92/100 Punkte Robert Parker, Aug 2019The 2017 Chablis 1er Cru Montée de Tonnerre is also performing well, though it doesn't attain quite the heights I thought it might a year ago. A youthfully reserved bouquet of white flowers, citrus oil and honeycomb precedes a medium to full-bodied, satiny and enveloping palate that's nicely concentrated, concluding with a chalky finish but without the electric energy one looks for in a top vintage.
17.5/20 Punkte La Revue du Vin de France 2020
18.5/20 Punkte La Revue du Vin de France 2019
93/100 Punkte Robert Parker August 2019Billaud's 2017 Chablis Grand Cru Blanchot was another wine cropped at very low yields, around 20 hectoliters per hectare in this case. Offering up a pretty bouquet of citrus blossom, peaches and pears that's subtly framed by a discrete touch of oak, it's full-bodied, satiny and layered, with a broad attack, a fleshy core and a precise but delicately exotic finish.
18.5/20 Punkte La Revue du Vin de France 2020
92+/100 Punkte Robert Parker August 2019Billaud produced a mere 450 liters of the 2017 Chablis Grand Cru Bougros, a full-bodied, fleshy wine that's deep and concentrated, redolent of honeycomb, orange rind and vanilla pod. Despite its broad shoulders, it's racy and precise and concludes with a saline finish, but it won't be easy to find.
18/20 Punkte La Revue du Vin de France 2020
94/100 Punkte Robert Parker August 2019Cropped at a meager 15 hectoliters per hectare, Billaud produced only two barrels of the 2017 Chablis Grand Cru Les Clos. Offering up aromas of musky peach, mandarin and green apple, it's full-bodied, deep and textural, with the structure of a red wine on the palate. This is a powerful, super concentrated Les Clos, but it's also nicely balanced.
93/100 Punkte Robert Parker August 2019The 2017 Chablis Grand Cru Les Preuses offers up lovely aromas of orange blossom, oyster shells, iodine and beeswax. On the palate, it's medium to full-bodied, fine-boned, elegant and precise, with ripe acids and a saline finish. It's a fine rendition of this ethereal climat.
18/20 Punkte La Revue du Vin de France 2016
92/100 Punkte Vinous, Apr 2016Vivid ruby. Highly perfumed, smoke- and mineral-tinged dark berry aromas are complemented by a suave floral element and a suggestion of peppery spices. Fleshy, sweet and broad, offering intense black raspberry and boysenberry flavors and lavender pastille and spicecake flourishes. Develops more weight with air and finishes smooth, broad and very long, with fine-grained tannins lending shape.
18.5/20 Punkte La Revue du Vin de France 2017
92-94/100 Punkte Vinous Feb 2016Brilliant ruby-red. Smoke-accented aromas of red and dark berry preserves, star anise and candied flowers convey a subtle hint of garriguein the background. Sweet, seamless and broad on the palate, offering concentrated black raspberry and rose pastille flavors that turn spicier with air. Rich but vibrant as well, with no excess fat. Supple tannins build steadily on a very long, incisive finish that leaves behind notes of dark berries and candied flowers.
93-95/100 Punkte Robert Parker Oct 2016The 2015 Châteauneuf du Pape is a classic blend of 75% Grenache, 10% Syrah, 10% Mourvèdre and 5% Cinsault, mostly from rolled stone terroirs, that was partially destemmed and will see 15 months all in foudre. It boasts a deep ruby/purple color as well as full-bodied richness, sweet tannin and textbook Southern Rhône notes of cured meats, toasted spice, garrigue and ample red and black fruits. It will have two decades or more of prime drinking.
18/20 Punkte La Revue du Vin de France 2018
95/100 Punkte Wine Spectator Nov 30, 2017Rich and dark in profile, with delicious, velvety layers of warm fig, black currant and blackberry confiture moving through slowly, flecked with hints of ganache, roasted apple wood and tar. The finish has cut to match the heft. A real brick house that will age well. Best from 2020 through 2040. 6,500 cases made.
94+/100 Punkte Robert Parker, August 31, 2018The golden-yellow colored NV Grand Cru Le Mesnil sur Oger Diapason displays a deep, intense yet fresh, fine and complex bouquet of great elegance and terroir expression with chalk and citrus notes. Vinified 45% in small oak barrels, this is an intense, fresh and elegant grand cru, and the finish is intense and perfectly ripe but still precise, refined and delicately salty. This is a truly smart assemblage of two contrasting vintages (2008 and 2009) that takes the best of both to compose something new and complete. It's an excellent cuvée indeed. Bottled in April 2010 and disgorged as Extra Brut on December 12th, 2017. Tasted April 2018.
17/20 Punkte La Revue du Vin de France 2019
18/20 Punkte Schweiz. Weinzeitung Dezember 2019
96/100 Punkte Falstaff Dezember 2019Leuchtendes Goldgelb, Silberreflexe, lebendiges feines Mousseux. Ein Hauch von Pfirsich und Orangenzesten, subtil unterlegte Nuancen von Lindenblüten, Nüssen und Brioche, facettenreiches, harmonisches Bukett. Komplex, hochelegant, feine Extraktsüße, weißer Pfirsich, finessenreicher Säurebogen, breitet sich am Gaumen förmlich aus, tolle Balance und Länge, sicheres weiteres Reifepotenzial, reife Apfelnuancen im Nachhall.
93/100 Punkte Robert Parker August 31, 2018Sourced from five plots in the village, the Chardonnay for the 2006 Le Mesnil sur Oger Grand Cru Coeur de Terroir was entirely vinified in small oak barrels. It was kept on the lees until the bottling in April 2007 and disgorged in July 2017 as Extra Brut (with a dosage of four to five grams per liter). This wine offers a very deep, perfectly ripe, pure, fresh and elegant bouquet of great complexity, featuring ripe fruit aromas that are intertwined with iodine and concentrated citrus notes. Almost steely in the background but overall generous, the 2006 is highly elegant and complex, with a lovely oxidative touch and good structure. Pure, fresh and finessed on the palate, this is a very elegant and balanced yet tensioned grand cru with a long, aromatic, perfectly round and accessible finish. This can be cellared for at least 10 to 15 years if you like matured Champagne. There is a lot of life and vitality in this cuvée. Great finish#fresh
18/20 Punkte La Revue du Vin de France 2019
16/20 Punkte La Revue du Vin de France 2020
18/20 Punkte Guide vert 2020Beaucoup de finesse et de précision dans l'aromatique, un jus sapide et si proche de ses origines ; un concentré pur de minéralité, magistral!
17/20 Punkte Guide vert 2020Toujours très équilibré, Les Crays est l'archétype d'un grand vin de l'appellation. Un style parfait où le chardonnay se donne des airs de ténors de la Côte-d'Or, alliant maturité, boisé noble et minéralité étirée.
17.5/20 Punkte La Revue du Vin de France 2018
Vinothek Brancaia, Seefeldstrasse 299, 8008 Zürich, Tel. +41 (0) 44 422 45 22, Fax +41 (0) 44 380 08 37, www.vinothek-brancaia.ch, firstname.lastname@example.com Vinothek Brancaia Graubünden, Tel. +41 (0) 81 258 50 00, Fax +41 (0) 81 250 41 41, www.vinothek-brancaia.ch, email@example.com


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The Regrainery: Making Old Things New
The Regrainery, a reclaimed woodworking and furniture company, came out of the idea that making old things new is a beautiful and worthwhile endeavor. The wood, the tools, and the garage that our furniture is made in is simply a practical manifestation of this idea. One day we hope to see it stand for more.
We got our start when, in 2015, my soon-to-be wife and I wanted a backdrop to stand in front of at our wedding. We wanted something compelling, but natural and cost-effective. After a couple hours of image searching and doodling out ideas on a piece of paper it hit me: I could make it myself. I hopped onto Craigslist and found a cheap saw, and the next day I ran over to a local salvage store and found a beautifully filthy bundle of 1x6's. I got to work.
As I measured, sawed, and nailed, I couldn't stop thinking about how my wife and I, forming something new together, would be standing in front of a backdrop made entirely from old material, and yet, a backdrop that would result in something refreshed and novel.
After our wedding I installed the backdrop in our apartment in Portland, and each morning, as we'd wake and emerge from our bedroom to start the day, there it was: a constant reminder.
I began making more trips to the salvage store. I thought it would be fun to build my own furniture for our new home—or at least to try. As I'd finish a piece, I'd show it to friends and explain what I thought the wood was once used for: flooring from a torn down house, siding from an old barn, rafter beams from the early 1900's, etc. Before long some of those friends encouraged me to show my furniture around town at street festivals and trade shows. Many even began commissioning me to make them furniture for their homes. And so with much thought and deliberation over leaving my current work, I decided to allow the business to be born.
Today, we're still practicing making old things new by building furniture with intention and purpose and with a commitment to using reclaimed materials in everything we create. If you have a question about our story, the business, or anything else, drop us a line. We'd love to hear from you.
-Aaron Green, Woodworker