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Highway Construction
Please check NICETs web site (www.nicet.org) to make sure you have the most recent edition of this document. Effective upon issuing a new edition of any program detail manual, all previous editions of that program detail manual become obsolete. This manual may be freely copied in its entirety.
The Institute occasionally makes changes in its certification programs that will significantly affect the currency of individual program detail manuals. These changes could include any or all of the following: o o o o o deletion, modification, or addition of work elements modification to the Examination Requirements Chart modification to crossover work element credit changes to the work experience requirement changes to the verification requirement
Since these changes could affect the requirements for certification, it is highly recommended that you contact the Institute before applying for an examination if this manual is more than a year old. The date of publication of this manual is February 2005.
This sixth edition of the Highway Construction program detail manual does not contain any substantive changes from the fifth edition. Only the following minor changes have been made: o Corrections to the personal tally sheet.
Whenever an exam requirement changes, individuals who are already certified and do not intend to upgrade their level of certification do not need to comply with any changes for the level(s) of certification they have already been awarded. Individuals who wish to upgrade must satisfy any new exam or other certification requirements for the higher level once the deadline has been passed. This sixth edition manual does not inaugurate any program changes.
FIELD OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY SUBFIELD OF HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION...................................................................................................................................1 WORK ELEMENT DESCRIPTIONS .....................................................................................................................1 FIELD CODE AND WORK ELEMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS ...........................................................1 REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATION AT LEVELS I THROUGH IV .........................................................2 WORK ELEMENT SELECTION FOR AN INITIAL EXAM................................................................................2 EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS CHART........................................................................................................3 WORK ELEMENT SELECTION FOR ALL SUBSEQUENT EXAMS ................................................................4 CROSSOVER WORK ELEMENTS........................................................................................................................4 VERIFICATION OF WORK ELEMENTS .............................................................................................................5 WORK EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENT ...............................................................................................................6 LEVEL IV MAJOR PROJECT ................................................................................................................................6 EARLY TESTING OF LEVEL IV WORK ELEMENTS .......................................................................................6 PREPARATION FOR TESTING ............................................................................................................................6 SUPPORT MATERIALS FOR TESTING...............................................................................................................7 WORK ELEMENT LISTING Level I General Work Elements ...............................................................................................................................8 Level I Special Work Elements ................................................................................................................................9 Level II General Work Elements ..............................................................................................................................10 Level II Special Work Elements...............................................................................................................................11 Level III General Work Elements.............................................................................................................................13 Level III Special Work Elements .............................................................................................................................15 Level IV General Work Elements ............................................................................................................................16 PERSONAL TALLY WORKSHEET......................................................................................................................17 SELECTED GENERAL REFERENCES.................................................................................................................18 SAMPLE SCORE REPORT ....................................................................................................................................19
GENERAL INFORMATION This Program Detail Manual contains the information needed to apply for the NICET certification examination in the Highway Construction subfield of Transportation Engineering Technology. All NICET policies, procedures, rules and forms referenced in this manual can be found on our Website (www.nicet.org). This certification program is for highway technicians involved in the inspection (monitoring) of highway construction projects. Areas covered are interpretation of contract plans and specifications; project recordkeeping and reporting; construction surveying; field inspection and testing procedures, techniques, and equipment; and supervisory techniques. This program became operational in 1979 with funding from the Federal Highway Administration and technical guidance from a task force appointed by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
WORK ELEMENT DESCRIPTIONS The typical job duties and associated responsibilities of highway construction technicians have been broken down into discrete work elements which form the basis for an evaluation of the candidate's knowledge. Each work element is written in sufficient detail to permit candidates who have the appropriate work experience to make reasonable assumptions about the types of questions likely to be asked. In addition, the supervisor verifying the experience of the candidate should be able to interpret the scope of the activities associated with each work element.
FIELD CODE AND WORK ELEMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS In order for us to prepare individualized examinations for each applicant, identification numbers have been assigned to each technical field and to each work element. Each technical field is represented by a 3-digit number. The technical field code number for Transportation Engineering Technology is 00l. The identification number assigned to each work element is 5 digits long. The first digit identifies the technical subfield within the field of Transportation Engineering Technology: (1) Highway Construction (2) Highway Design (4) Highway Traffic Operations (5) Highway Surveys (7) Bridge Safety Inspection (8) Highway Materials (9) Highway Maintenance
The second digit identifies the level (Levels I through IV) and the work element type (General or Special): GENERAL WORK ELEMENTS (1) Level I General (3) Level II General (5) Level III General (7) Level IV General SPECIAL WORK ELEMENTS (2) Level I Special (4) Level II Special (6) Level III Special (8) Level IV Special
The third, fourth and fifth digits identify the individual work element within each category. A sample of this numbering system is illustrated below for work element 001/15001: Technical Field Code: Subfield: Level/Type: Work Element Number: 001 1 5 001 (Transportation Engineering Technology) (Highway Construction) (Level III General)
This eight-digit identification number is written on the application form to request a work element on an exam or to provide verification for a work element.
REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATION AT LEVELS I THROUGH IV Level I is designed for entry-level technicians with very limited relevant work experience in this technical subfield. The Institute recommends that persons with eighteen or more months of relevant work experience set their initial certification goal at Level II. Certification at Levels II, III, and IV does NOT require prior certification at Level I. The Examination Requirements Chart on page 3 lists the actual examination requirements for certification at Levels I, II, III, and IV in the subfield of Highway Construction.
WORK ELEMENT SELECTION FOR AN INITIAL EXAM 1. 2. 3. 4. Refer to the Examination Requirements Chart on the following page. Select the appropriate box for the level of certification desired. Note the number of work elements required for certification, by category, as shown in the selected box. Turn to the Work Element Listing section and carefully select work elements from the required categories, paying attention at each level to whether they are classified as General or Special work elements. Select first those work elements most likely to be passed. Note that work element #11006 is mandatory for certification at Levels II, III and IV. When possible, select a few extra in each category so that failing one or more work elements leaves enough passed work elements to satisfy the examination requirement. If the requirement for the desired level is more than 34, it is advisable to examine first all lower level work elements needed to achieve certification. Save the upper level work elements for a subsequent examination. It is strongly recommended that the maximum number of work elements (34) be selected for each examination taken. Selection of 34 work elements provides the greatest opportunity for successful completion of the examination requirement with the smallest number of subsequent examinations. Recognize, however, that all elements selected on an exam application WILL BE SCORED, even if no attempt is made to answer the questions. That is, a score of "0" will be assigned to the work element even if the questions are not answered and the work element will have one failure marked against it. It is suggested that all examination applicants keep a copy of their filled-out applications. This will assist in resolving questions over the telephone. 2
5. 6. 7.
You must pass this many work elements to complete the Level I exam requirement
You must pass this many work elements to complete the Level II exam requirement Read Note (a)
6a 6 6 7 25
You must pass this many work elements to complete the Level III exam requirement Read Notes (a) and (b)
- 6a - 8 - 6 - 14 - 10 - 3 47
You must pass this many work elements to complete the Level IV exam requirement Read Notes (a), (b) and (c)
Level I - General Level I - Special Level II - General Level II - Special Level III - General Level III - Special Level IV - General TOTAL
- 6a - 8 - 6 - 18 - 10 - 6 - 8 62c
NOTES: (a) Work Element #11006, "Basic Metric Units and Conversions", must be passed to achieve certification at Levels II, III, and IV. (b) Time restrictions dictate that no more than 34 work elements can be scheduled for any single examination sitting. Therefore, at least two examination sittings will be needed in order to complete this requirement. (c) Read very carefully the two sections applicable to Level IV in this manual before seeking Level IV certification. GENERAL NOTES: (1) Work elements passed which are in excess of the requirement for a particular type and level, but which are needed to meet the requirement at the next higher level are automatically applied to that higher level requirement. (2) Use the Personal Tally Worksheet on page 17 of this manual to keep track of the number of work elements you have passed.
WORK ELEMENT SELECTION FOR ALL SUBSEQUENT EXAMS All the items listed on page 2 for the initial examination apply to subsequent exams. In addition, the following should be understood: 1. It is not necessary to retest work elements which were failed on an earlier exam if there are other work elements in the appropriate categories which can be selected instead. If you need to retest a failed work element, you must wait 120 days from the last time you failed it before you will be permitted to test that element again. In addition, you will be blocked from signing up for a work element a fourth time if it has been previously failed three times. For further information, read Policy #20 ("Retesting of Failed Work Elements"). If an adequate number of work elements has been selected to meet the certification requirement (with a few extra selected to provide a cushion), and there is room on the exam application to add more elements, it is appropriate to include work elements that will satisfy the examination requirement of the next level of certification or to include work elements from another subfield or another field.
CROSSOVER WORK ELEMENTS "Crossover" work elements are those which we have identified as being identical or nearly identical in topic coverage and test questions to work elements in selected other fields/subfields. In addition, almost all of the certification programs have "generic" crossover work elements covering communication skills, mathematics, physical science and other basic areas of knowledge which should be known by all engineering technicians. Once a crossover work element is passed on an examination, it does not normally have to be taken again on any other examinations. Crossover credit for the passed elements will be assigned to an examinee's record according to items 1-8 below. 1. First Time Testing in New Subfield: As soon as you test work elements from a new subfield (at least one element), any crossover credit from previously-tested subfields will automatically be assigned to the new subfield. At the same time, any crossover credit from the new subfield will automatically be assigned back to previously-tested subfields. This assignment of crossover credit will occur every time a new subfield is tested. Additional Testing in Previously-Tested Subfield: When you test new work elements or retest failed work elements from a previously-tested subfield, any crossover credit from the newly-passed work elements will automatically be assigned to all previously-tested subfields. No crossover credit will be assigned to your testing record for a subfield until you test at least one work element from that new subfield. We will print and mail, for a nominal fee, an "Official Personal Transcript" which will list all work elements presently credited to your testing record (including those passed on an exam and those achieved through crossover) for a designated subfield. See the "Personal Records Order Form." We will print and mail, for a nominal fee, a "Personal Crossover Evaluation" which will list your "potential" crossover credit to a designated UNTESTED subfield. This will enable you to see how close (or how far) you are from passing an exam requirement. See the "Personal Records Order Form." People who obtain this "Personal Crossover Evaluation" need to read and understand the cautionary statement printed on the next page. We will print and mail, free of charge, a "Crossover Listing" between any two subfields designated. This list is different from #5 above in that it is not printed for a specific examinee, but rather shows all current crossovers between the two specified subfields available to any examinee. See the "Personal Records Order Form" or this may be ordered by phone. The cautionary statement below needs to be understood. Crossover credit will not be assigned to or from work elements if the certification is in Delinquent or Expired Status. The same 120-day waiting period policy which applies to failed work elements (see item #1 on page 4) also applies to all 4
3. 4.
7. 8.
work elements which have crossover credit to that work element (see Policy #20). The work elements in the Highway Construction program which provide crossover credit to other programs are identified in the Work Element Listing in this manual by an asterisk (*) after the work element number. The "generic" crossover work elements are identified by a circumflex (^) after the work element number.
CAUTION Crossover credit shown on the "Personal Crossover Evaluation" (item #5 above) and on any Crossover Listing (item #6 above) cannot be assumed to be permanent since revisions to certification programs can occasionally eliminate previous crossovers relationships or create new ones. For this reason, crossover credit is permanently assigned only when new testing (as described in item #3 above) takes place. Only those crossover relationships in existence at that point in time are credited. If you receive a "Personal Crossover Evaluation", you must understand that the crossovers listed have not been posted to your record; therefore, it is a "potential" list. Only when a new subfield is tested and the crossover credit is posted to your record does it become permanent. Only the "Official Personal Transcript (item #4 above) shows the crossover credit actually awarded.
VERIFICATION OF WORK ELEMENTS Verification should be provided by the applicant's immediate supervisor. The verifier, by signing his or her initials, is signifying that the applicant has actually performed at least the operations indicated in the work element description and that the verifier is confident that the applicant has performed the specific job tasks repeatedly and satisfactorily. Exposure to a job task through demonstrations by others or through partial involvement by the applicant should not be a basis for a supervisor to verify that the task can be performed correctly by the candidate under a variety of conditions. WARNING We take very seriously the role of the verifier. All certification candidates and their verifiers must understand that verification is an important component of the certification process. NICET's Policy #2, "Handling of Certification Process Irregularities" says, in part, that if we determine that any verification was obtained from a non-qualified verifier or was given for tasks not actually performed, the NICET action against the candidate can be to permanently deny the certification sought or revoke the certification(s) held. Our action against the verifier can be to terminate the privilege of serving as a verifier. If the verifier is NICET-certified, the certification(s) could be revoked. Lack of verification on any (or all) work elements does not prevent an applicant from testing those work elements. Certification, however, will not be awarded until all work elements counted toward certification are verified.
WORK EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENT Your work experience will not be evaluated until after a written exam requirement has been met. We suggest that you carefully consider your actual work history before testing in areas where you have limited or no experience -- meeting an exam requirement does not guarantee certification. NICET certification is only conferred upon persons performing engineering technician level work. We will not certify persons performing higher level work (such as engineering) or lower level work (such as craft). In order to be awarded certification, a preponderance of the work experience must have been acquired while residing in the United States and its territories, employing U.S. standards and work practices.
LEVEL IV MAJOR PROJECT Ten years or more of employment in the certification area, by itself, is not sufficient for the granting of Level IV. An absolute requirement for certification at Level IV is senior-level involvement in a major project which is directly related to the subfield in which Level IV certification is sought. The major project selected must be completed, must be recent (within the past 3-4 years), and must have taken place well into your career in the certification area. A writeup submitted too early (for example, after only 5 or 6 years in the certification area) will not be reviewed. The project writeup should include such information as: 1. type of project (urban or rural: interstate, primary, secondary, local); 2. size of project (length of project, project time period, dates of your involvement); 3. your supervisory responsibilities and/or on-site authority on the project; and 4. the range of your experiences on each project as related to such components as recordkeeping, paving, drainage, landscaping, roadside hardware, structures, new construction, rehabilitation, etc.. If all of these components cannot be documented for a single project, they may be accumulated via several more narrowly focused, but concurrent, projects. Your writeup must address the Level IV requirement that your level of responsibility demonstrates independent senior engineering technician work, including delegated responsibilities and duties for which engineering precedent exists. The pertinent work experience must be described in depth by you personally -- official job descriptions or testimonials from others will not be evaluated.
EARLY TESTING OF LEVEL IV WORK ELEMENTS Although we permit testing of Level IV work elements prior to satisfying the work experience requirement, we reserve the right to question the validity of Level IV work elements passed by, and verified for, persons with little work experience. If, for example, a technician with a total of 3 years of experience passes Level IV work elements, we may require documentation of how this higher level knowledge was obtained without accumulating the requisite work experience. NICET may require specific work elements to be tested and passed again, at the candidate's expense, at the time of the Level IV certification decision. In addition, we reserve the right to require reverification of work elements designated for meeting the Level IV examination requirement if the verifications were signed more than three years prior to the time of the Level IV certification decision.
PREPARATION FOR TESTING Since the NICET written exams are designed for individuals who have already performed the work elements associated with the program on a routine basis, it is anticipated that preparation for these exams should be minimal.
SUPPORT MATERIALS FOR TESTING Our exams are "open-book"; therefore bringing standards, references, or textbooks to the exam session is permitted (and encouraged). When appropriate, the work element descriptions are rather specific in mentioning applicable standards or procedures. When work elements are keyed directly to specific industry-wide standards, they will be identified by a normally-used notation at the end of the work element description. For testing purposes, the current version of standards shall be the most recently published edition, provided that edition was published at least one year prior to the exam date. Additionally, when a specific publication is used as an authoritative source in writing the work element questions, the title will be listed at the end of the work element. Refer to the "Selected General References" in this manual for publisher information.
EXPIRATION OF CERTIFICATE The first certificate(s) awarded to all new NICET certificants will be given an expiration date of three years from the date of award. The certificate(s) will expire at the end of that three-year period unless renewed through recertification. Upgrading the certificate or adding a certificate in a different technical area does not change your 3-year expiration date. A certificate which is not renewed at the end of three-year period will expire. A consequence of the certificate going into Expired Status will be deletion of all records, including test history.
PAYMENT OF REGISTRY FEE During the first 3-year certification period, each certificant will be mailed 2 registry invoices -- at the end of year 1 and at the end of year 2. If both invoices are not paid within the prescribed time period, the certification(s) will become delinquent. Certifications in Delinquent Status are not published in the NICET Directory nor are they listed in the NICET Registry. Individuals who are in Delinquent Status will not be mailed the NICET Newsletter until all fees are paid. Payment of an exam fee does not substitute for payment of the registry fee. The registry fee is only due during the first 3 years of certification. After that period, only the recertification application fee is due.
RECERTIFICATION POLICY All certificants should read Policy #30, "Continuing Professional Development." At the end of each 3-year period, all certificants must demonstrate that they have accumulated sufficient Continuing Professional Development (CPD) points within the certification area(s) held to renew the certificate(s) for another 3 years. Once renewed, the certificate is valid for an additional three-year period. The recertification fee must be paid when submitting the recertification application form.
CORE WORK ELEMENT (See Note 1) 11006^ BASIC METRIC UNITS AND CONVERSIONS Understand basic metric (SI) units and perform conversions to and from metric units (E-380). NON-CORE WORK ELEMENTS 11001 BASIC SAMPLING AND FIELD TESTING OF MATERIALS Collect samples in field as directed or per standard practices. Identify samples. Place in containers or protect for laboratory analyses. Preserve "in situ" conditions as required by specifications or by ASTM or AASHTO. Perform basic field control tests to determine density, grading, moisture content, and depth of materials. Determine air entrainment percentage of PC concrete and basic characteristics of bituminous mixtures (temperature, etc.), or other materials used in construction. 11002* BASIC SURVEYING Perform basic surveying, including rodman and chainman duties to required precision. Make corrections for temperature, tension, etc. Reduce and check field book notes of simple survey to detect possible errors. Use approved procedures to correct and compute needed information. Determine, plot and check basic cross sections from field book notes. Proofread computer printout of earthwork computations (if applicable). SIMPLE PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS Use simple plans and specifications to determine dimensions, types of materials, elevations, slopes, densities, locations and other information for inspection of work items during and after construction. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS Determine ground distances and areas from maps. Determine elevations and differences of elevations and slopes. Determine direction of drainage from maps. BASIC MATHEMATICS Solve mathematical problems requiring simple addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division and raising numbers to exponential powers. Round to the correct number of significant figures, calculate percentages, read graphs, and use simple geometric definitions and formulas. (See general math textbooks.) BASIC COMMUNICATIONS Use proper punctuation, vocabulary, spelling, and sentence structure. Follow written instructions. (See basic grammar references.) BASIC PHYSICAL SCIENCE Apply terms, definitions, and concepts from mechanics, electricity, heat, and chemistry. (Solutions may involve simple formulas found in basic physics texts, but will not involve algebraic manipulation or trigonometry.)
Note 1: General work elements can be categorized as either Core or Non-Core. Work element #11006, "Basic Metric Units and Conversions" is mandatory for certification at Levels II, III and IV. It is the only Core work element in this program at this time. General Note: See "Selected General References" page in this manual for information on listed publications. (^) Generic crossover credit exists in other fields/subfields for this work element. Read information on crossover work elements on pgs. 4 and 5. (*) Crossover credit exists in selected other fields/subfields for this work element. Read information on crossover work elements on pgs. 4 and 5.
13006^ 13007*
STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND MEMBERS Inspect to assure compliance with plans, specifications and AASHTO or ASTM standards for materials and structural members. Determine adequacy and completeness of shop inspection reports and certificates. Cross-reference standards as required and utilize certificates in project files. CULVERTS Inspect to assure compliance with plans and specifications on sizing and materials used on culverts; bedding; backfilling (to include lift depths, methods and protection of culverts from damage); cover; approach and outfall slopes; headwalls and wingwalls; finishing and cleanup. Check and report on final work. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES Inspect to assure compliance with plans and specifications on material delivered for installation (manufacturers' certificates, model numbers, dimensions, hookup hardware and wiring, etc.); locations of installations; work of installers; adequacy of mounting; breakaway requirements of standards; clearances from traffic and pedestrians; painting; etc. Report on final project and include certificates and guarantees in project file. FINAL MEASUREMENT/RIGID PAVEMENTS Verify all materials and other line item costs included on job. Perform cost extension calculations as required and verify allowable costs. Check inspection reports to be sure work was performed in full compliance with plans and specifications and calculate cost changes due to variances. FINAL MEASUREMENT/FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS Same as 14014. FINAL MEASUREMENT/SMALL BUILDINGS Same as 14014. FINAL MEASUREMENT/PILES Same as 14014. FINAL MEASUREMENT/GUARDRAILS AND/OR MEDIAN BARRIERS Same as 14014. FINAL MEASUREMENT/LANDSCAPING AND SLOPE PROTECTION Same as 14014. FINAL MEASUREMENT/TOPSOIL REMOVAL, DEMOLITION AND CLEARING Same as 14014. FINAL MEASUREMENT/CULVERTS AND/OR MINOR DRAINAGE STRUCTURES Same as 14014. FINAL MEASUREMENT/TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES Same as 14014. OFFICE CHECKS OF AS-BUILT PLANS Verify completion and adequacy of as-built inspection and posting. Confirm certification of dimensions, workmanship and materials by authorized inspector or engineer. Assure conformance to standards or acceptability of modifications to original plans. Obtain engineer sign-off and transmit to files. OFFICE CHECKS OF PAYROLLS Verify completeness of payrolls and job classifications by checks with project engineer and/or inspectors. Check wages and fringes and insurance payments against Davis Bacon or other requirements. Compute extensions to check accuracy. Include checked payrolls in project files or transmit as required. OFFICE CHECKS OF MATERIALS Collect certificates on materials inspections (shop, plant and field) and on load or volume counts to assure all required items are covered. Check to be sure that specifications were met and that quantities claimed are accurate and actually received or included in construction. Compute cost extensions from contract unit prices. Include in proper files. 12
15009 15010
STEEL AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES Inspect and record steel and concrete structures to assure compliance with plans and specifications by verification of the following activities: staking and layout (as required by contract) to assure proper line, grade and dimensions on structure during work and after completion; forming, curing, stripping and finishing concrete structures (in all weather); placement of reinforcing steel for concrete structures; erection and safe removal of falsework for steel structures; and fastenings and seating on steel structures. Check work against appropriate AASHTO, ASTM, and manufacturers' specifications and verify quality of workmanship. Record work and place in files as required. BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS Use the rules of syntax and style to write clear sentences and paragraphs in preparing routine correspondence and reports. Follow standard business communications procedures. (See basic grammar and writing handbooks.) MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT ACCOUNTABILITY Implement and enforce effective equipment and materials procedures. Comply with requirements for completing property records which are current and reflect location, condition and use of equipment and instruments. Assure proper control of instruments, equipment and supplies. Investigate loss or damage of equipment or instruments and complete necessary report forms.
LEVEL IV - GENERAL WORK ELEMENTS NOTE: Certification at Level IV requires that the candidate must have occupied a seniorlevel position of responsibility throughout the duration of one major, comprehensive highway construction project. There are no exceptions to this requirement and documentation must be present in the work history listed on the application form.17001 MAJOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECT Act as chief inspector or assistant to project engineer on all aspects of a major construction project for at least one season in duration. Supervise inspectors, survey parties, soils and materials samplers and testers, and other technicians and workers on job. Assure full compliance with plans, specifications and contract provisions. Supervise and coordinate safety and traffic movement. Supervise submittal of required reports, certificates, payrolls, etc., and maintain project files in good order. Keep current records of work to permit ready preparation of as-built plans and records. Have all data in shape to permit acceptance of job by designated authority. EXTERNAL WORKING RELATIONS Establish effective and safe working relations with contractors, sub-contractors, suppliers, consultants, utility companies, government agencies, municipalities, property owners, design personnel and the public. REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS Knowledge of, and on-the-job implementation of OSHA, EEO, OJT, environmental protection, erosion control, traffic maintenance and Davis-Bacon laws and application of management and judgmental factors in bringing projects to successful completion. EQUIPMENT REPORTS Utilize designated forms (or in absence of forms, establish effective reporting system) to assure effective and economical utilization of equipment in good operating order. Assure required cyclic maintenance, lubrication and fuel availability. AC AND PC CONCRETE MIX DESIGN Know design of portland cement and bituminous concrete mixes that fit the specialized criteria for various types of service using aggregates, additives and cold or hot weather provisions to fit required conditions. Understand influence of cost and availability of local materials. STRUCTURAL STEEL SHOP INSPECTION Comply with plans and specifications by review of certificates from manufacturers, fabricators, private laboratories of inspectors representing using agency. Verify size, type of steel, weld quality, fastening data, etc. If possible, perform shop inspection. ALTERATIONS TO DESIGN Review plans and specifications to determine applicability to specific jobs. Recognize design deficiencies and/or mistakes or changed conditions in plans and specifications; analyze needs of job to determine appropriate corrective action, and to prepare detailed recommendations for delivery to appropriate authority. CHANGE ORDERS Gather information from subordinates or from personal inspection and review. Prepare, in final format, complete contract change order with clear justifications and cost estimates for approval of a contracting officer. SPECIAL TRAINING NEEDS Use experience and knowledge of performance factors to determine performance of subordinates. Evaluate need for training programs to increase the skills of workers performing special duties. If program is needed, get approval; select subject matter; recruit and supervise instructors; and work with instructor on course program. Evaluate OJT and other training programs. TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS AND REPORTS Organize and deliver oral presentations and prepare detailed technical reports and correspondence. 16
o o
Put a checkmark next to the appropriate work element number when you receive a passing score on your Examination Score Report. Put a "C" next to the appropriate work element number if you have crossover credit from another subfield. Read pages 4 and 5 in this manual concerning crossover credit.
Level I General 11001 11002 11003 11004 11005 11006** 11007 11008
Level II General 13001 13002 13003 13004 13005 13006 13007 13008
Level I Special 12001 12002 12003 12004 12005 12006 12007 12008 12009 12010
Level II Special 14001 14002 14003 14004 14005 14006 14007 14008 14009 14010 14011 14012 14013 14014 14015 14016 14017 14018 14019 14020 14021 14022 14023 14024 14025
Level III General 15001 15002 15003 15004 15005 15006 15007 15008 15009 15010 15011 15012 15013
Level III Special 16001 16002 16003 16004 16005 16006 16007 16008 16009 16010
Level IV General 17001 17002 17003 17004 17005 17006 17007 17008 17009 17010
**This is a Core Work Element and is mandatory for achieving certification at Levels II, III and IV.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards. American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Construction Industry Standards (29 CFR/1926, OSHA 2207). U.S. Department of Labor. Washington, D.C. Guide Specifications for Highway Construction. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Washington, D.C. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways. Federal Highway Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Washington, D.C. Standard First Aid and Personal Safety. American Red Cross. Washington, D.C. Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Washington, D.C.
SAMPLEExam No. 99999 Examinee: JOHN EXAMINE Work Element Number and Title Test Date: 06/17/97 Report Date: 07/11/97 Score (%) Pass/Fail
HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION 1011001 1011002 1011004 1011005 1011006 1012004 1012006 Basic Sampling and Field Testing of Materials Simple Plans and Specifications Topographic Maps Basic Mathematics Basic Metric Units and Conversions Fencing Structural Painting 75.00 80.00 35.00 65.00 20.00 90.00 0.00 P P F* P F** P F***
* This failed work element cannot be retested prior to 120 days after the test date shown on this score report. ** This is your second failure for this work element. It cannot be retested prior to 120 days after the test date shown on this score report. *** This is your third failure for this work element. A request to retest it will not be considered until you have complied with NICET Policy #20.


text:
Gay Pride Dublin 2019: Equal Rights
Gay Pride Dublin 2019:
Equal Rights
Right, so I'm a little late to the online party, but then I am fifty, and I don't care. I prefer quality over speediness. It's fun being a grumpy old fart. You can say whatever you like, and people just roll their eyes at the crazy old man.
I went to my first Dublin Gay Pride march recently. Let me start off by saying that it was different, and I'm glad I went. Not all my opinions on the subject will be wine and rainbows, though. Forgive me, but I am African, and I am used to real gay issues and not 'first world' problems. In this light, take what I have to say as constructive and not negative.
Overall, it was fun to attend the parade, film, and take pictures along the march. I always enjoy it, and this year was no different. I feel a sense of missing out when I skip a year. I wish I could have gone to the Cape Town Gay Pride March 2019, but that life is another lifetime ago.
Gay Pride Dublin 2019 was filled with cheerful people, and there were thousands of onlookers too. In my opinion, there were many tourists wearing the flag colours without understanding the significance. I suspect some of them might not have done so had they known. I wonder how many people thought this was just another colourful Dublin carnival? Insert a snigger here.
Now for the not so good, and I'll explain why. There is no purpose in pointing fingers if you don't explain any further. First, the parade had almost no floats … at all. It was just buses and people on foot. While that is not such an important issue, a float or two adds to the festivity of the day. It also allows people not able to walk the distance to ride along with the parade.
Yes, I know … there were buses, but it's not the same as being on the back of a float, or walking alongside other people. When you are inside a bus, you are not part of the parade, but just a bystander along for the ride. I like being on a float and marching equally. Walking means I can dash around like a lunatic trying to capture as much as I can of the Gay Pride March.
Being on a float is a different experience and highly recommended. For one, you don't need to walk. You are ferried around like royalty while gazing out over the masses. The downside of travelling on a float is that you see one view — the whole time. Your experience is limited to what goes past the truck, and that is sometimes not that much.
My second gripe is that the march was allowed to drag on. It was all segregated and the march just kept on going — for endless hours. The political speeches were already underway while some people were still marching.
The initial part of the parade I followed was what I consider the real march. As I am told, the rest was just advertising. It also meant that the stragglers arrived too late for much of the entertainment at Merrion Square. Those that followed the initial portion also missed out on some of the latter bits. A Pride March needs to be unified into one continuous stream to keep it consolidated. It also helps to remind people to march together for a common cause, and not just for the sake of advertising and sponsorships.
Lastly, there were too many angry queens and aggressive lesbians on stage at Merrion Square. Now, I know that to some I sound like a homophobe and a bigot, but I'm fifty, not an idiot. Standing on stage shouting, "Fight! Fight! Fight!" is doing more harm than good. Fighting has never helped anyone, and please … stop bringing up Stonewall. Remember it, learn the painful lessons, and move on.
In Ireland, the legal fight is largely over. What we need most here now is acceptance and understanding. Demanding special rights is just going to deepen the rift between the camps. Again, I feel the need to repeat that LGBT people do not need or deserve special rights. I don't want to be special in that way. I want to be the same as everyone under the law. This is what gay people — and everyone else thrown in with our lot — needs.
I am not insensitive to special needs groups, and the need for change, but I cringe at the shoutings of those with a sense of self-entitlement. You do not speak for the rest of the gay community. You do not speak for me, and I stand up to be counted amongst the collective sane members of this group of outcasts. I cannot even keep track of all the abbreviations. It seems to me that people are more obsessed with the political grandstanding and labels than creating change.
The world doesn't owe us anything other than equality and a peaceful life free from oppression. It doesn't need to support us financially, or give us anything for free. At least, nothing more than an ordinary citizen can expect under the system. We are a talented, creative bunch. Let's learn to be self-sufficient, and stop fighting for what really amounts to 'first world' problems.
As always, my motto is equal rights for everyone. There is no point in chanting, "No one is free until everyone is free," if you are demanding special rights. Can we please change our approach? Stop fighting, and start living. Fighting is what divides the world. Have we learnt nothing? Be an activist for change, not violence.
View the Gay Pride Dublin 2019 image gallery on Facebook here.
View the Gay Pride Dublin 2019 video here.
Read 'Why We Don't Need Gay Rights' next.
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Helichrysum splendidum Essential Oil
Helichrysum splendidum comes from the flowers of a variety of Helichrysum that grows in South Africa.
- Botanical Family: Asteraceae
- Part of Plant Used: Flowers/Leaves
- Method of Extraction: Steam Distillation
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- Scent Profile: Mid note with an earthy aroma with minty and floral elements
- Longevity: The aroma of Helichrysum Splendidum can last up to 100-200 hours.
- Fragrance Classification: Herbaceous, Hay
- Blends well with: Bergamot, Frankincense, Ginger, Grapefruit, Juniper, Lemon, Lime, Mandarin, Orange, Palo Santo, Roman Chamomile, Rose Geranium, Tumeric, Vetiver, and Yarrow
Safety Info
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Products Using Helichrysum splendidum Essential Oil
- Arctander, Steffen. Perfume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin. A Pathfinder Book Reprint Edition, 2017.
- Clark, Demetria. Aromatherapy and Herbs for Pregnancy, Birth and Breastfeeding. Book Publishing Company, 2015.
- "Flavor, Fragrance, Food and Cosmetics Ingredients Information." The Good Scents Company, The Good Scents Company (TGSC), 2019, www.thegoodscentscompany.com/.
- International Federation of Professional Aromatherapists. "PREGNANCY GUIDELINES Guidelines for Aromatherapists Working with Pregnant Clients." International Federation of Professional Aromatherapists , IFPA, 2013, www.ifparoma.org.
- National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy. "Other Safety Considerations: Pregnancy." National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy, naha.org/explore-aromatherapy/safety#other.
- Shutes, Jade and New York Institute of Aromatic Studies. "Foundations of Aromatherapy" and "Aromatic Scholars" Aromatherapy Certification Programs and Course Materials. 2017-2019.
- Tiran, Denise. Aromatherapy in Midwifery Practice. Singing Dragon an Imprint of Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2016.
- Tiran, Denise. "Is It Safe to Use Essential Oils While I'm Pregnant?" BabyCentre UK, BabyCentre Blog, July 2013, www.babycentre.co.uk/x536449/is-it-safe-to-use-essential-oils-while-im-pregnant.
- Tisserand, Robert, et al. Essential Oil Safety: a Guide for Health Care Professionals. 2nd ed., Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, 2014.


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Replying to user queries on Twitter, Dialog Axiata has said that 'internet access in Kandy District (3g/4g) has been restrained until further notice' on the instructions of the Telecommunications Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka.
Upon contacting the TRC on this regard, we were told that internet access in the district is not restricted completely but internet connections have slowed down as online content is being filtered on the instructions of the Defence ministry.
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of Leeds and author of A Synopsis of the Nativity and Infancy Narratives, 2016. Carol Atack is a post-doctoral researcher on the Anachronism and Antiquity project at the University of Oxford. Lucy Atkins is an award-winning author, feature journalist and book critic. Her most recent novel is The Night Visitor, 2017. Suzannah V. Evans is Reviews Editor for the Compass. Lara Feigel teaches English at
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Film workshops with Canon equipment took place in Warsaw 2015 in Film Studio in Chełmska Street 21. The event was part of the 5th International Documentary Film Festival HumanDoc.
It needs to be emphasised that this was not the first event of this kind in the history of our Festival. One year ago, in Kinoteka cinema, participants had the opportunity to test the equipment during workshops "Canon in documentaries. Solutions, possibilities, examples. Technical, artistic, economical aspects". Entry was free of charge for anyone who wished to participate.
Workshops in 2015 were dedicated to people who make films professionally. They were run i.a. by Filip Kovcin and lasted four hours (12-4pm). The workshops were divided into two parts: during the first one the main focus was on the equipment which can be used to make video, like reflex camera, documentary cameras, EOS Cinema cameras. Participants could learn about general characteristics of each one of them, familiarise themselves with the ways and methods of choosing the right lens, depending on the conditions and profile of their work and learn about differences between "L" class lenses and film lenses.
Co-organisers: HumanDoc Foundation, Canon Polska, Profesional Photography Shop Proclub provided us with cameras XF, XA, Canon Cinema EOS.
In the second part of the workshops participants used their fresh knowledge during practical exercises, performing group activities in the open air.
Filip Kovčin
Prominent director, film editor, post-production specialist. Co-owner of trade quarterly "FilmPro". Lecturer at Film School in Łódź and Wajda School. Cooperates with Polish Operators Association and Camerimage Festival.
Robert Woźniak
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The Provance Blog will provide you with expert advice, insights and opinions in regard to IT Service Management, Microsoft, Microsoft Dynamics 365 and Microsoft System Center.
Once again this year, I've been asked by the Microsoft SAM team to present an interactive session at the Microsoft Worldwide Partner Conference (WPC 2012).
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Elon Musk is in talk's with some high power Vegas players to bring his "Loop" transportation concept to Las Vegas.
Musk's tunnel construction company, The Boring Company, could solve a number of traffic/parking problems that will be made worse once the Raiders stadium opens in 2020. The rumor comes as a monorail extension to Mandalay Bay seems to have hit a financing brick wall.
The tunnel project would likely run from the Las Vegas Convention Center to McCarran International Airport, with stops at various Strip casinos in between.
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UPDATE: The LVCVA has confirmed that they are in talks with Musk to bring the Loop to Las Vegas.
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The Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority (LVCVA) today, March 6, 2019, announced a recommendation to select The Boring Company (TBC) to design, construct and operate a people mover for the Las Vegas Convention Center via a loop of underground express-route tunnels that could carry passengers in autonomous electric vehicles at high speeds. Upon approval by the LVCVA Board of Directors on March 12, the project would be another first for Las Vegas and have the potential to connect Downtown, the Las Vegas Convention Center, the Las Vegas Boulevard Resort Corridor, McCarran International Airport and beyond.
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Achtung! Millwall 157: damn right we got the post Middlesbrough blues baby
In the words of George Harrison's 1970 triple album, 'all things must pass'. And so it was (finally) yesterday, with the Lions 0-2 defeat at Middlesbrough. A defeat that all but ends the miraculous run of 2018 to the brink of the Championship play-offs, but no further now.
To be fair, Millwall were outplayed at their own game by a very well prepared 'Boro, overseen by the highly experienced Tony Pulis. Good luck to them, as the wins seals their place in the post season fight for Premier League status.
For Millwall though, it's the bitter pill of a summer of 'what ifs' that looms. As well as some serious decision making for the club as to how we push on from this season of high achievement.
On this week's show we have three guests: first up is the MSC's Michael Avery @mavery1986 to chew over the aftermath of yesterday's loss at the Riverside Stadium. Secondly we have show regular Neil 'Crazyhorse' Andrews @goalkeepersdiff arguing the case for the defence in the online trial of Jordan Archer and third we have Millwall fan on the board Micky Simpson @MillwallFotb discussing the continuing off field controversies with Lewisham Council.
Support the Wonderwall Cup 2018 here - https://www.facebook.com/LdnMcr2018/
Support Pat O'Connor's walk around the twelve grounds of London in aid of @islasfight fight here https://www.justgiving.com/fundraising/pat-o-connor3
Tune in to Love Sport Radio each Friday night from 9pm for the Millwall Fan Show https://www.lovesportradio.com
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Scarlet Five is our winemaker's signature cuvee, an expression of five red varieties capturing the b…
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For more than 20 years, Kasey Bond has been helping business clients protect and grow their organizations through the effective application of labor and employment laws. She brings extensive experience to bear for her ...
On March 7th, the Department of Labor revealed its proposal to revise the overtime requirements for workers across the country. The salary threshold at which employees can be eligible for overtime pay was last increased in 2004 during the George W. Bush Administration and set at the current level of $24,000 per year. In May of 2016, the Department of Labor under the Barack Obama Administration issued its own revisions to the overtime requirement, raising the salary threshold to $47,476 per year. These revisions were set to go into effect December 1, 2016, but Court challenges ...
Auto service advisors are overtime-exempt under the Fair Labor Standards Act. The Supreme Court's 5-4 decision in Encino Motorcars, LLC v. Navarro clarified the scope of a 2011 regulation issued by the Department of Labor that excluded service advisors from the definition of "salesman" under 29 U.S.C. §213(b)(10)(A).
On December 24, 2015, the NLRB ruled that an employer's policy prohibiting employees from recording images or verbal exchanges in the workplace was unlawful.
For employers, compliance with wage-hour laws, including the Fair Labor Standards Act ("FLSA") is more important than ever. A top lawyer at the Department of Labor ("DOL") stated earlier this month during a conference that the DOL has a new emphasis on investigations of potential FLSA violations.
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Source: The Gallon Environment Letter Vol. 14, No. 10, December 15, 2009, published by the Canadian Institute for Business and the Environment, Fisherville, Ontario, Canada Tel. 416 410-0432, Fax: 416 362-5231
Pierre Desrochers, economic geographer and associate professor at the University of Toronto's Mississauga campus, believes that food miles and the 100 mile diet are at best a marketing fad. He has co-authored a paper which examines the origins and validity of the food miles concept and basically rejects all of it as bad for the environment, society and for the economy. The paper points out flaws in what is called the local food movement, the most important of which is that transportation can be only a (relatively small) part of the environmental impact of food. During winter in Canada, countries in the south can grow food outdoors without use of heating and the environmental impact may much be less than producing fresh food here.
Concentrating Farms: More/Bigger Is Better
Desrochers' premise is based on the idea that "concentrating agricultural production in the most favourable regions is the best way to minimize human impacts because doing so "spares" much land that can then be returned to, or remain in, a "natural" state. ... As Adam Smith wrote more than two centuries ago, it is the "maxim of every prudent master of a family, never to attempt to make at home what it will cost him more to make than to buy." By continually eliminating waste and inefficiencies, market processes would ensure an ever increasing, healthier, and more affordable food supply while simultaneously constantly reducing inputs per unit and, over time, their environmental impacts."
GL notes that as early as 1995 as part of its then State of the Environment Reporting, Environment Canada produced a factsheet called The Environmental Implications of the Hamburger Life Cycle which addressed some of the downsides of concentrations of farm operations.. One of the conclusions was that "There are significant differences in how efficiently various animals and production methods use energy to produce protein. Rangeland cattle are actually among the most efficient, but feedlot cattle are the least. This difference is primarily a result of the extra energy required to produce and process feeds for cattle. The energy differential is partially offset by the shorter feeding and handling period required by feedlot cattle before they reach market weight."
While Desrochers' paper gives much food for thought, GL is concerned that he may have overstepped his evidence. He has some evidence to show that not all local food has a lower environmental impact than imported. GL agrees he is correct on that. GL has pointed out a few of examples previously (Energy Use Comparison of Local and Globally Sourced Food GL Vol. 10, No. 2, January 25, 2005). However, the external costs of high yielding intensive agriculture are often not added to the "costs." In some circumstances, agricultural uses can be layered with wildlife and ecological services; it may not be pristine nature nor yield the highest volume of food products but added together the value may be higher than in the more intensive agriculture.
Range of Views of Local Food Advocates
Attempting to interpret the objectives of all local food advocates seems to GL to be a bit of a straw horse. Large industrial farms are local to somewhere and those are not the ones that many food advocates are promoting. Like many other areas of the environment, or indeed most social goals (such as justice, equity, poverty elimination), terms such as sustainable farming are not wholly pre-defined, evolve in place and time, and are often simplified for consumers too busy or disinterested to get involved in nuances. The difficulty of finding the right words is common e.g. ZEV Zero Emission Vehicles are used as a term in legislation but electric vehicles called ZEV are emitting somewhere - at the power plant producing electricity.
Desrochers has taken one relatively extreme position, the 100 mile (or even kilometre) diet as an example of all local food positioning. Many of those in the local food movement encourage consumers to become more familiar with where their food comes from, to build connections with the food producers, and to make better choices overall for personal, social, economic and environmental benefits. Most food advocates don't say consumers shouldn't eat bananas, but that when local food is available, for example, in season, consumers should choose them. It is also not unreasonable to suggest that in order to help local producers stay viable, it might be a good idea to adjust eating habits to buy stored products such as apples, cabbage, etc for as long as possible out-of-season. Since those imported apples are likely to go into storage for a while anyway, stored local apples may not be so very out-of-line. It may be a simplified guide and wrong occasionally but getting to know local farmers and how they farm is also recommended for making more informed choices. In Canada the idea that one can eat only local food is not especially realistic. Local when possible, and increasing the percentage of local food, makes much more sense.
Consumer demand has been one of the incentives for a number of farmers to switch to more ecological farming practices including certified organic. Local food advocates are also helping consumers grow their own food, teach their children about how eating is connected to the environment and that cheap food may have another price tag. The local food issue often focuses on fresh products when the value is in processed, a gap that programs such as FedNor, a federal regional development program which helps Northern Ontario producers develop and market cheese, jams and syrups, cut meats, ice cream, dried fruit, pies with northern fruits or meats, and food gifts, is seeking to address.
Nevertheless, we recommend Desrochers' paper. It is an interesting paper to read, especially as it discusses the need to consider environmental impacts such as consumers driving to go shopping for food, food waste, cooking food, and food storage.
Environment Canada. Connections: Canadian Lifestyle Choices and the Environment http://www.ec.gc.ca/soer-ree/English/products/factsheets/95-1.cfm
Shimizu, Hiroko and Pierre Desrochers. Yes We Have No Bananas: A Critique of the Food Mile Perspective. Mercatus Policy Series. Fairfax,Virginia: Mercatus Center at George Mason University, October 24, 2008
Industry Canada. Regional and Rural Development. FedNor. Government of Canada to showcase Northern Ontario's agriculture industry at the Royal Winter Fair. North Bay, Ontario, November 4, 2009. http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/fednor-fednor.nsf/eng/fn03160.html


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