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Search results for: EDX
42 Characterization of Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber Doped Polymer Composites
Authors: Atilla Evcin, Bahri Ersoy, Süleyman Akpınar, I. Sinan Atlı
Ceramic, polymer and composite nanofibers are nowadays begun to be utilized in many fields of nanotechnology. By the means of dimensions, these fibers are as small as nano scale but because of having large surface area and microstructural characteristics, they provide unique mechanic, optical, magnetic, electronic and chemical properties. In terms of nanofiber production, electrospinning has been the most widely used technique in recent years. In this study, carbon nanofibers have been synthesized from solutions of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/ N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) by electrospinning method. The carbon nanofibers have been stabilized by oxidation at 250 °C for 2 h in air and carbonized at 750 °C for 1 h in H2/N2. Images of carbon nanofibers have been taken with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The images have been analyzed to study the fiber morphology and to determine the distribution of the fiber diameter using FibraQuant 1.3 software. Then polymer composites have been produced from mixture of carbon nanofibers and silicone polymer. The final polymer composites have been characterized by X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements. These results have been reported and discussed. At result, homogeneous carbon nanofibers with 100-167 nm of diameter were obtained with optimized electrospinning conditions.
Keywords: Characterization, Composites, Nanofiber, ElectrospinningProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 310
41 Corrosion Behaviour of Hypereutectic Al-Si Automotive Alloy in Different pH Environment
Authors: M. Al Nur, M. S. Kaiser
Corrosion behaviour of hypereutectic Al-19Si automotive alloy in different pH=1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 environments was carried out using conventional gravimetric measurements and was complemented by resistivity, optical micrograph, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray analyzer (EDX) investigations. Gravimetric analysis confirmed that the highest corrosion rate is shown at pH 13 followed by pH 1. Minimum corrosion occurs in the pH range of 3.0 to 11 due to establishment of passive layer on the surface. The highest corrosion rate at pH 13 is due to the presence of sodium hydroxide in the solution which dissolves the surface oxide film at a steady rate. At pH 1, it can be attributed that the presence of aggressive chloride ions serves to pick up the damage of the passive films at localized regions. With varying exposure periods by both, the environment complies with the normal corrosion rate profile that is an initial steep rise followed by a nearly constant value of corrosion rate. Resistivity increases in case of pH 1 solution for the higher pit formation and decreases at pH 13 due to formation of thin film. The SEM image of corroded samples immersed in pH 1 solution clearly shows pores on the surface and in pH 13 solution, and the corrosion layer seems more compact and homogenous and not porous.
Keywords: Corrosion, resistivity, SEM, al-Si alloyProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 621
40 Microscopic Analysis of Interfacial Transition Zone of Cementitious Composites Prepared by Various Mixing Procedures
Authors: Josef Fládr, Jiří Němeček, Veronika Koudelková, Petr Bílý
Mechanical parameters of cementitious composites differ quite significantly based on the composition of cement matrix. They are also influenced by mixing times and procedure. The research presented in this paper was aimed at identification of differences in microstructure of normal strength (NSC) and differently mixed high strength (HSC) cementitious composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation together with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) phase analysis of NSC and HSC samples was conducted. Evaluation of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the aggregate and cement matrix was performed. Volume share, thickness, porosity and composition of ITZ were studied. In case of HSC, samples obtained by several different mixing procedures were compared in order to find the most suitable procedure. In case of NSC, ITZ was identified around 40-50% of aggregate grains and its thickness typically ranged between 10 and 40 µm. Higher porosity and lower share of clinker was observed in this area as a result of increased water-to-cement ratio (w/c) and the lack of fine particles improving the grading curve of the aggregate. Typical ITZ with lower content of Ca was observed only in one HSC sample, where it was developed around less than 15% of aggregate grains. The typical thickness of ITZ in this sample was similar to ITZ in NSC (between 5 and 40 µm). In the remaining four HSC samples, no ITZ was observed. In general, the share of ITZ in HSC samples was found to be significantly smaller than in NSC samples. As ITZ is the weakest part of the material, this result explains to large extent the improved mechanical properties of HSC compared to NSC. Based on the comparison of characteristics of ITZ in HSC samples prepared by different mixing procedures, the most suitable mixing procedure from the point of view of properties of ITZ was identified.
Keywords: Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, high strength concrete, normal strength concrete, interfacial transition zone, mixing procedureProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 545
39 Preparation of Fe, Cr Codoped TiO2 Nanostructure for Phenol Removal from Wastewaters
Authors: N. Nowzari-Dalini, S. Sabbaghi
Abstract:Phenol is a hazardous material found in many industrial wastewaters. Photocatalytic degradation and furthermore catalyst doping are promising techniques in purpose of effective phenol removal, which have been studied comprehensively in this decade. In this study, Fe, Cr codoped TiO2 were prepared by sol-gel method, and its photocatalytic activity was investigated through degradation of phenol under visible light. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, BET, and EDX. The results showed that nanoparticles possess anatase phase, and the average size of nanoparticles was about 21 nm. Also, photocatalyst has significant surface area. Effect of experimental parameters such as pH, irradiation time, pollutant concentration, and catalyst concentration were investigated by using Design-Expert® software. 98% of phenol degradation was achieved after 6h of irradiation.
Keywords: Metals, Doping, wastewater, titanium dioxide, sol-gelProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 527
38 Beijerinckia indica Extracellular Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities against Clinical Pathogens
Authors: Gopalu Karunakaran, Matheswaran Jagathambal, Nguyen Van Minh, Evgeny Kolesnikov, Denis Kuznetsov
This work investigated the use of Beijerinckia indica extracellular extract for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using AgNO3. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by different methods, such as UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, EDX, and TEM analysis. The formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was confirmed by the change in color from light yellow to dark brown. The absorbance peak obtained at 430 nm confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. The XRD analysis showed the cubic crystalline phase of the synthesized nanoparticles. FTIR revealed the presence of groups that acts as stabilizing and reducing agents for silver nanoparticles formation. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were generally found to be spherical in shape with size ranging from 5 to 20 nm, as evident by TEM analysis. These nanoparticles were found to inhibit pathogenic bacterial strains. This work proved that the bacterial extract is a potential eco-friendly candidate for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with promising antibacterial and antioxidant properties.
Keywords: Characterisation, Antimicrobial activity, Silver Nanoparticles, antioxidant activity, Beijerinckia indica, extracellular extractsProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 631
37 Surface Coating of Polyester Fabrics by Sol Gel Synthesized ZnO Particles
Authors: Merve Küçük, M. Lütfi Öveçoğlu
Zinc oxide particles were synthesized using the sol-gel method and dip coated on polyester fabric. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a single crystal phase of ZnO particles. Chemical characteristics of the polyester fabric surface were investigated using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) measurements. Morphology of ZnO coated fabric was analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). After particle analysis, the aqueous ZnO solution resulted in a narrow size distribution at submicron levels. The deposit of ZnO on polyester fabrics yielded a homogeneous spread of spherical particles. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) results also affirmed the presence of ZnO particles on the polyester fabrics.
Keywords: zinc oxide, sol-gel, dip coating, polyester fabricsProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1110
36 Conventional Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconium Molybdate, Nd2Zr3(MoO4)9
Authors: G. Çelik Gül, F. Kurtuluş
Abstract:Rare earths containing complex metal oxides have drawn much attention due to physical, chemical and optical properties which make them feasible in so many areas such as non-linear optical materials and ion exchanger. We have researched a systematic study to obtain rare earth containing zirconium molybdate compound, characterization, investigation of crystal system and calculation of unit cell parameters. After a successful synthesis of Nd2Zr3(MoO4)9 which is a member of rare earth metal containing complex oxides family, X-ray diffraction (XRD), High Score Plus/Rietveld refinement analysis, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were completed to determine the crystal structure. Morphological properties and elemental composition were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Thermal properties were observed via Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA).
Keywords: powder x-ray diffraction, solid state synthesis, Nd₂Zr₃(MoO₄)₉, zirconium molybdatesProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 670
35 Experimental Investigation on Effect of the Zirconium + Magnesium Coating of the Piston and Valve of the Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine to the Engine Performance and Emission
Authors: Erdinç Vural, Bülent Özdalyan, Serkan Özel
The four-stroke single cylinder diesel engine has been used in this study, the pistons and valves of the engine have been stabilized, the aluminum oxide (Al2O3) in different ratios has been added in the power of zirconium (ZrO2) magnesium oxide (MgO), and has been coated with the plasma spray method. The pistons and valves of the combustion chamber of the engine are coated with 5 different (ZrO2 + MgO), (ZrO2 + MgO + 25% Al2O3), (ZrO2 + MgO + 50% Al2O3), (ZrO2 + MgO + 75% Al2O3), (Al2O3) sample. The material tests have been made for each of the coated engine parts with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) using Cu Kα radiation surface analysis methods. The engine tests have been repeated for each sample in any electric dynamometer in full power 1600 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2400 rpm and 2800 rpm engine speeds. The material analysis and engine tests have shown that the best performance has been performed with (ZrO2 + MgO + 50% Al2O3). Thus, there is no significant change in HC and Smoke emissions, but NOx emission is increased, as the engine improves power, torque, specific fuel consumption and CO emissions in the tests made with sample A3.
Keywords: material characterization, Engine Performance, exhaust emissions, ceramic coatingProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1016
34 An Experimental Study on the Effect of Operating Parameters during the Micro-Electro-Discharge Machining of Ni Based Alloy
Authors: Asma Perveen, M. P. Jahan
Abstract:Ni alloys have managed to cover wide range of applications such as automotive industries, oil gas industries, and aerospace industries. However, these alloys impose challenges while using conventional machining technologies. On the other hand, Micro-Electro-Discharge machining (micro-EDM) is a non-conventional machining method that uses controlled sparks energy to remove material irrespective of the materials hardness. There has been always a huge interest from the industries for developing optimum methodology and parameters in order to enhance the productivity of micro-EDM in terms of reducing machining time and tool wear for different alloys. Therefore, the aims of this study are to investigate the effects of the micro-EDM process parameters, in order to find their optimal values. The input process parameters include voltage, capacitance, and electrode rotational speed, whereas the output parameters considered are machining time, entrance diameter of hole, overcut, tool wear, and crater size. The surface morphology and element characterization are also investigated with the use of SEM and EDX analysis. The experimental result indicates the reduction of machining time with the increment of discharge energy. Discharge energy also contributes to the enlargement of entrance diameter as well as overcut. In addition, tool wears show reduction with the increase of discharge energy. Moreover, crater size is found to be increased in size along with the increment of discharge energy.
Keywords: Micro EDM, Ni Alloy, discharge energy, micro-holesProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 884
33 Synthesis of Vic-Dioxime Palladium (II) Complex: Precursor for Deposition on SBA-15 in ScCO2
Authors: Asım Egitmen, Aysen Demir, Burcu Darendeli, Fatma Ulusal, Bilgehan Güzel
Synthesizing supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) soluble precursors would be helpful for many processes of material syntheses based on scCO2. Ligand (amphi-(1Z, 2Z)-N-(2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)-N'-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyimino) were synthesized from chloro glyoxime and flourus aniline and Pd(II) complex (precursor) prepared. For scCO2 deposition method, organometallic precursor was dissolved in scCO2 and impregnated onto the SBA-15 at 90 °C and 3000 psi. Then the organometallic precursor was reduced with H2 in the CO2 mixture (150 psi H2 + 2850 psi CO2). Pd deposited support material was characterized by ICP-OES, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM and EDX analyses. The Pd loading of the prepared catalyst, measured by ICP-OES showed a value of about 1.64% mol/g Pd of catalyst. Average particle size was found 5.3 nm. The catalytic activity of prepared catalyst was investigated over Suzuki-Miyaura C-C coupling reaction in different solvent with K2CO3 at 50 oC. The conversion ratio was determined by gas chromatography.
Keywords: Nanoparticle, Nanotube, supercritical CO2, precursor, oximesProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 801
32 Evaluation of the Discoloration of Methyl Orange Using Black Sand as Semiconductor through Photocatalytic Oxidation and Reduction
Authors: P. Acosta-Santamaría, A. Ibatá-Soto, A. López-Vásquez
Organic compounds in wastewaters coming from textile and pharmaceutical industry generated multiple harmful effects on the environment and the human health. One of them is the methyl orange (MeO), an azoic dye considered to be a recalcitrant compound. The heterogeneous photocatalysis emerges as an alternative for treating this type of hazardous compounds, through the generation of OH radicals using radiation and a semiconductor oxide. According to the author's knowledge, catalysts such as TiO2 doped with metals show high efficiency in degrading MeO; however, this presents economic limitations on industrial scale. Black sand can be considered as a naturally doped catalyst because in its structure is common to find compounds such as titanium, iron and aluminum oxides, also elements such as zircon, cadmium, manganese, etc. This study reports the photocatalytic activity of the mineral black sand used as semiconductor in the discoloration of MeO by oxidation and reduction photocatalytic techniques. For this, magnetic composites from the mineral were prepared (RM, M1, M2 and NM) and their activity were tested through MeO discoloration while TiO2 was used as reference. For the fractions, chemical, morphological and structural characterizations were performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis. M2 fraction showed higher MeO discoloration (93%) in oxidation conditions at pH 2 and it could be due to the presence of ferric oxides. However, the best result to reduction process was using M1 fraction (20%) at pH 2, which contains a higher titanium percentage. In the first process, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used as electron donor agent. According to the results, black sand mineral can be used as natural semiconductor in photocatalytic process. It could be considered as a photocatalyst precursor in such processes, due to its low cost and easy access.
Keywords: photocatalysis, Reduction, Oxidation, methyl orange, black sand mineralProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 791
31 Production of Pre-Reduction of Iron Ore Nuggets with Lesser Sulphur Intake by Devolatisation of Boiler Grade Coal
Authors: Chanchal Biswas, Anrin Bhattacharyya, Gopes Chandra Das, Mahua Ghosh Chaudhuri, Rajib Dey
Abstract:Boiler coals with low fixed carbon and higher ash content have always challenged the metallurgists to develop a suitable method for their utilization. In the present study, an attempt is made to establish an energy effective method for the reduction of iron ore fines in the form of nuggets by using 'Syngas'. By devolatisation (expulsion of volatile matter by applying heat) of boiler coal, gaseous product (enriched with reducing agents like CO, CO2, H2, and CH4 gases) is generated. Iron ore nuggets are reduced by this syngas. For that reason, there is no direct contact between iron ore nuggets and coal ash. It helps to control the minimization of the sulphur intake of the reduced nuggets. A laboratory scale devolatisation furnace designed with reduction facility is evaluated after in-depth studies and exhaustive experimentations including thermo-gravimetric (TG-DTA) analysis to find out the volatile fraction present in boiler grade coal, gas chromatography (GC) to find out syngas composition in different temperature and furnace temperature gradient measurements to minimize the furnace cost by applying one heating coil. The nuggets are reduced in the devolatisation furnace at three different temperatures and three different times. The pre-reduced nuggets are subjected to analytical weight loss calculations to evaluate the extent of reduction. The phase and surface morphology analysis of pre-reduced samples are characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), carbon sulphur analyzer and chemical analysis method. Degree of metallization of the reduced nuggets is 78.9% by using boiler grade coal. The pre-reduced nuggets with lesser sulphur content could be used in the blast furnace as raw materials or coolant which would reduce the high quality of coke rate of the furnace due to its pre-reduced character. These can be used in Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) as coolant also.
Keywords: alternative ironmaking, extent of reduction, nugget making, syngas based DRI, solid state reduction, coal devolatisationProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1084
30 Petro-Mineralogical Studies of Phosphorite Deposit of Sallopat Block of Banswara District, Rajasthan, India
Authors: K. F. Khan, Samsuddin Khan
The Paleoproterozoic phosphorite deposit of Sallopat block of Banswara district of Rajasthan belongs to kalinjara formation of lunavada group of Aravalli Super Group. The phosphorites are found to occur as massive, brecciated, laminated and stromatolitic associated with calcareous quartzite, interbedded dolomite and multi coloured chert. The phosphorites are showing alternate brown and grey coloured concentric rims which are composed of phosphate, calcite and quartz minerals. Petro-mineralogical studies of phosphorite samples using petrological microscope, XRD, FEG- SEM and EDX reveal that apatite-(CaF) and apatite-(CaOH) are phosphate minerals which are intermixed with minor amount of carbonate materials. Sporadic findings of the uniform tiny granules of partially anisotropic apatite-(CaF) along with dolomite, calcite, quartz, muscovite, zeolite and other gangue minerals have been observed with the replacement of phosphate material by quartz and carbonate. The presence of microbial filaments of organic matter and alternate concentric rims of stromatolitic structure may suggest that the deposition of the phosphate took place in shallow marine oxidizing environmental conditions leading to the formation of phosphorite layers as primary biogenic precipitates by bacterial or algal activities. Different forms and texture of phosphate minerals may be due to environmental vicissitudes at the time of deposition followed by some replacement processes and biogenic activities.
Keywords: apatite, petro-mineralogy, phosphorites, sallopatProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1161
29 Dependence of Densification, Hardness and Wear Behaviors of Ti6Al4V Powders on Sintering Temperature
Authors: Adewale O. Adegbenjo, Elsie Nsiah-Baafi, Mxolisi B. Shongwe, Mercy Ramakokovhu, Peter A. Olubambi
The sintering step in powder metallurgy (P/M) processes is very sensitive as it determines to a large extent the properties of the final component produced. Spark plasma sintering over the past decade has been extensively used in consolidating a wide range of materials including metallic alloy powders. This novel, non-conventional sintering method has proven to be advantageous offering full densification of materials, high heating rates, low sintering temperatures, and short sintering cycles over conventional sintering methods. Ti6Al4V has been adjudged the most widely used α+β alloy due to its impressive mechanical performance in service environments, especially in the aerospace and automobile industries being a light metal alloy with the capacity for fuel efficiency needed in these industries. The P/M route has been a promising method for the fabrication of parts made from Ti6Al4V alloy due to its cost and material loss reductions and the ability to produce near net and intricate shapes. However, the use of this alloy has been largely limited owing to its relatively poor hardness and wear properties. The effect of sintering temperature on the densification, hardness, and wear behaviors of spark plasma sintered Ti6Al4V powders was investigated in this present study. Sintering of the alloy powders was performed in the 650–850°C temperature range at a constant heating rate, applied pressure and holding time of 100°C/min, 50 MPa and 5 min, respectively. Density measurements were carried out according to Archimedes' principle and microhardness tests were performed on sectioned as-polished surfaces at a load of 100gf and dwell time of 15 s. Dry sliding wear tests were performed at varied sliding loads of 5, 15, 25 and 35 N using the ball-on-disc tribometer configuration with WC as the counterface material. Microstructural characterization of the sintered samples and wear tracks were carried out using SEM and EDX techniques. The density and hardness characteristics of sintered samples increased with increasing sintering temperature. Near full densification (99.6% of the theoretical density) and Vickers' micro-indentation hardness of 360 HV were attained at 850°C. The coefficient of friction (COF) and wear depth improved significantly with increased sintering temperature under all the loading conditions examined, except at 25 N indicating better mechanical properties at high sintering temperatures. Worn surface analyses showed the wear mechanism was a synergy of adhesive and abrasive wears, although the former was prevalent.
Keywords: powder metallurgy, Hardness, Wear, spark plasma sinteringProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 926
28 Preparation, Characterisation, and Measurement of the in vitro Cytotoxicity of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Cytotoxic Pt(II) Oxadiazoline Complexes
Authors: G. Wagner, R. Herrmann
Abstract:Cytotoxic platinum compounds play a major role in the chemotherapy of a large number of human cancers. However, due to the severe side effects for the patient and other problems associated with their use, there is a need for the development of more efficient drugs and new methods for their selective delivery to the tumours. One way to achieve the latter could be in the use of nanoparticular substrates that can adsorb or chemically bind the drug. In the cell, the drug is supposed to be slowly released, either by physical desorption or by dissolution of the particle framework. Ideally, the cytotoxic properties of the platinum drug unfold only then, in the cancer cell and over a longer period of time due to the gradual release. In this paper, we report on our first steps in this direction. The binding properties of a series of cytotoxic Pt(II) oxadiazoline compounds to mesoporous silica particles has been studied by NMR and UV/vis spectroscopy. High loadings were achieved when the Pt(II) compound was relatively polar, and has been dissolved in a relatively nonpolar solvent before the silica was added. Typically, 6-10 hours were required for complete equilibration, suggesting the adsorption did not only occur to the outer surface but also to the interior of the pores. The untreated and Pt(II) loaded particles were characterised by C, H, N combustion analysis, BET/BJH nitrogen sorption, electron microscopy (REM and TEM) and EDX. With the latter methods we were able to demonstrate the homogenous distribution of the Pt(II) compound on and in the silica particles, and no Pt(II) bulk precipitate had formed. The in vitro cytotoxicity in a human cancer cell line (HeLa) has been determined for one of the new platinum compounds adsorbed to mesoporous silica particles of different size, and compared with the corresponding compound in solution. The IC50 data are similar in all cases, suggesting that the release of the Pt(II) compound was relatively fast and possibly occurred before the particles reached the cells. Overall, the platinum drug is chemically stable on silica and retained its activity upon prolonged storage.
Keywords: Cytotoxicity, mesoporous silica, nanoparticles platinum compoundsProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1243
27 The Effectiveness of Bismuth Addition to Retard the Intermetallic Compound Formation
Authors: I. Siti Rabiatull Aisha, A. Ourdjini, O. Saliza Azlina
The aim of this paper is to study the effectiveness of bismuth addition in the solder alloy to retard the intermetallic compound formation and growth. In this study, three categories of solders such as Sn-4Ag-xCu (x = 0.5, 0.7, 1.0) and Sn-4Ag-0.5Cu-xBi (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) were used. Ni/Au surface finish substrates were dipped into the molten solder at a temperature of 180-190 oC and allowed to cool at room temperature. The intermetallic compound (IMCs) were subjected to the characterization in terms of composition and morphology. The IMC phases were identified by energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), whereas the optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to observe microstructure evolution of the solder joint. The results clearly showed that copper concentration dependency was high during the reflow stage. Besides, only Ni3Sn4 and Ni3Sn2 were detected for all copper concentrations. The addition of Bi was found to have no significant effect on the type of IMCs formed, but yet the grain became further refined.
Keywords: Composition, Morphology, Bismuth addition, intermetallic compoundProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 909
26 Preparation of Protective Coating Film on Metal Alloy
Authors: Rana Th. A. Al-Rubaye
Abstract:A novel chromium-free protective coating films based on a zeolite coating was growing onto a FeCrAlloy metal using in – situ hydrothermal method. The zeolite film was obtained using in-situ crystallization process that is capable of coating large surfaces with complex shape and in confined spaces has been developed. The zeolite coating offers an advantage of a high mechanical stability and thermal stability. The physicochemical properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X–ray Analysis (EDX) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The transition from oxide-on-alloy wires to hydrothermally synthesised uniformly zeolite coated surfaces was followed using SEM and XRD. In addition, the robustness of the prepared coating was confirmed by subjecting these to thermal cycling (ambient to 550oC).
Keywords: FeCrAlloy, Zeolite ZSM-5. Zeolite coatingProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1494
25 Production of Composite Materials by Mixing Chromium-Rich Ash and Soda-Lime Glass Powder: Mechanical Properties and Microstructure
Authors: Savvas Varitis, Panagiotis Kavouras, George Vourlias, Eleni Pavlidou, Theodoros Karakostas, Philomela Komninou
A chromium-loaded ash originating from incineration of tannery sludge under anoxic conditions was mixed with low grade soda-lime glass powder coming from commercial glass bottles. The relative weight proportions of ash over glass powder tested were 30/70, 40/60 and 50/50. The solid mixtures, formed in green state compacts, were sintered at the temperature range of 800o C up to 1200o C. The resulting products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS) and micro-indentation. The above methods were employed to characterize the various phases, microstructure and hardness of the produced materials. Thermal treatment at 800o C and 1000o C produced opaque ceramic products composed of a variety of chromium-containing and chromium-free crystalline phases. Thermal treatment at 1200o C gave rise to composite products, where only chromium-containing crystalline phases were detected. Hardness results suggest that specific products are serious candidates for structural applications.
Keywords: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, chromium-rich tannery residues, glass-ceramic materialsProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1579
24 A Metallography Study of Secondary A226 Aluminium Alloy Used in Automotive Industries
Authors: Lenka Hurtalová, Eva Tillová, Mária Chalupová, Juraj Belan, Milan Uhríčik
Abstract:The secondary alloy A226 is used for many automotive casting produced by mould casting and high pressure die casting. This alloy has excellent castability, good mechanical properties and cost-effectiveness. Production of primary aluminium alloys belong to heavy source fouling of life environs. The European Union calls for the emission reduction and reduction in energy consumption therefore increase production of recycled (secondary) aluminium cast alloys. The contribution is deal with influence of recycling on the quality of the casting made from A226 in automotive industry. The properties of the casting made from secondary aluminium alloys were compared with the required properties of primary aluminium alloys. The effect of recycling on microstructure was observed using combination different analytical techniques (light microscopy upon black-white etching, scanning electron microscopy - SEM upon deep etching and energy dispersive X-ray analysis - EDX). These techniques were used for the identification of the various structure parameters, which was used to compare secondary alloy microstructure with primary alloy microstructure.
Keywords: Mechanical Properties, A226 secondary aluminium alloy, deep etching, recycling foundry aluminium alloyProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 2819
23 Characterization and Detection of Cadmium Ion Using Modification Calixarene with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Amira Shakila Razali, Faridah Lisa Supian, Muhammad Mat Salleh, Suraini Abu Bakar
Water contamination by toxic compound is one of the serious environmental problems today. These toxic compounds mostly originated from industrial effluents, agriculture, natural sources and human waste. These studies focus on modification of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) with nanoparticle of calixarene and explore the possibility of using this modification for the remediation of cadmium in water. The nanocomposites were prepared by dissolving calixarene in chloroform solution as solvent, followed by additional multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) then sonication process for 3 hour and fabricated the nanocomposites on substrate by spin coating method. Finally, the nanocomposites were tested on cadmium ion (10 mg/ml). The morphology of nanocomposites was investigated by FESEM showing the formation of calixarene on the outer walls of carbon nanotube and cadmium ion also clearly seen from the micrograph. This formation was supported by using energy dispersive x-ray (EDX). The presence of cadmium ions in the films, leads to some changes in the surface potential and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).The nanocomposites MWCNTs-calixarene have potential for development of sensor for pollutant monitoring and nanoelectronics devices applications.
Keywords: cadmium, surface potential, calixarene, multiwalled carbon nanotubesProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 2175
22 Efficacy of Combined CHAp and Lanthanum Carbonate in Therapy for Hyperphosphatemia
Authors: Andreea Cârâc, Elena Moroşan, Ana Corina Ioniță, Rica Boscencu, Geta Cârâc
Although, lanthanum carbonate has not been approved by the FDA for treatment of hyperphosphatemia, we prospectively evaluated the efficacy of the combination of Calcium hydroxyapatite (CHAp) and Lanthanum Carbonate (LaC) for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia on mice. CHAp was prepared by co-precipitation method using Ca(OH)2, H3PO4, NH4OH with calcination at 1200ºC. Lanthanum carbonate was prepared by chemical method using NaHCO3 and LaCl3 at low pH environment, below 4.0. The structures were characterized by FTIR spectra and SEM -EDX analysis. The study group included 16 subjects-mice divided into four groups according to the administered substance: lanthanum carbonate (group A), CHAp (group B), lanthanum carbonate + CHAp (group C) and salt water (group D). The results indicate a phosphate decrease when subjects (mice) were treated with CHAp and lanthanum carbonate (0.5% CMC), in a single dose of 1500 mg/kg. Serum phosphate concentration decreased [(from 4.5 ± 0.8 mg/dL) to 4.05 ± 0.2 mg/dL), P < 0.01] in group A and in group C (to 3.6 ± 0.2 mg/dL) at 12 hours from the administration. The combination of CHAp and lanthanum carbonate is a suitable regimen for hyperphosphatemia treatment because it avoids both the hypercalcemia of CaCO3 and the adverse effects of CHAp.
Keywords: structures, calcium hydroxyapatite, hyperphosphatemia, lanthanum carbonate, phosphatebinderProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1318
21 Synthesis of Novel Nanostructured Catalysts for Pyrolysis of Biomass
Authors: Phuong T. Dang, Hy G. Le, Giang T. Pham, Hong T. M. Vu, Kien T, Nguyen, Canh D. Dao, Giang H. Le, Hoa T. K. Tran, Quang K. Nguyen, Tuan A. Vu
Nanostructured catalysts were successfully prepared by acidification of diatomite and regeneration of FCC spent catalysts. The obtained samples were characterized by IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, MAS-NMR (27Al and 29Si), NH3-TPD and tested in catalytic pyrolysis of biomass (rice straw). The results showed that the similar bio-oil yield of 41.4% can be obtained by pyrolysis with catalysts at 450oC as compared to that of the pyrolysis without catalyst at 550oC. The bio-oil yield reached a maximum of 42.55% at the pyrolysis temperature of 500oC with catalytic content of 20%. Moreover, by catalytic pyrolysis, bio-oil quality was better as reflected in higher ratio of H/C, lower ratio of O/C. This clearly indicated high application potential of these new nanostructured catalysts in the production of bio-oil with low oxygenated compounds.
Keywords: biomass, Bio-Oil, catalytic pyrolysis, Acidified diatomite, nanostructured catalysts, regenerated FCC catalystProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 2137
20 Physicochemical Characterization of MFI–Ceramic Hollow Fibres Membranes for CO2 Separation with Alkali Metal Cation
Authors: A. Alshebani, Y. Swesi, S. Mrayed, F. Altaher
This paper present some preliminary work on the preparation and physicochemical caracterization of nanocomposite MFI-alumina structures based on alumina hollow fibres. The fibers are manufactured by a wet spinning process. α-alumina particles were dispersed in a solution of polysulfone in NMP. The resulting slurry is pressed through the annular gap of a spinneret into a precipitation bath. The resulting green fibres are sintered. The mechanical strength of the alumina hollow fibres is determined by a three-point-bending test while the pore size is characterized by bubble-point testing. The bending strength is in the range of 110 MPa while the average pore size is 450 nm for an internal diameter of 1 mm and external diameter of 1.7 mm. To characterize the MFI membranes various techniques were used for physicochemical characterization of MFI–ceramic hollow fibres membranes: The nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy combined with X emission microanalysis. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Microanalysis by the X-ray were used to observe the morphology of the hollow fibre membranes (thickness, infiltration into the carrier, defects, homogeneity). No surface film, has been obtained, as observed by SEM and EDX analysis and confirmed by high temperature variation of N2 and CO2 gas permeances before cation exchange. Local analysis and characterise (SEM and EDX) and overall (by ICP elemental analysis) were conducted on two samples exchanged to determine the quantity and distribution of the cation of cesium on the cross section fibre of the zeolite between the cavities.
Keywords: CO2, ion-exchange, physicochemical characterization of MFI, Ceramic hollow fibreProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1698
19 Wear Behavior of Commercial Aluminium Engine Block and Piston under Dry Sliding Condition
Authors: M. S. Kaiser, Swagata Dutta
In the present work, the effect of load and sliding distance on the performance tribology of commercially used aluminium-silicon engine block and piston was evaluated at ambient conditions with humidity of 80% under dry sliding conditions using a pin-on-disc with two different loads of 5N and 20N yielding applied pressure of 0.30MPa and 1.4MPa, respectively, at sliding velocity of 0.29ms-1 and with varying sliding distance ranging from 260m- 4200m. Factors and conditions that had significant effect were identified. The results showed that the load and the sliding distance affect the wear rate of the alloys and the wear rate increased with increasing load for both the alloys. Wear rate also increases almost linearly at low loads and increase to a maximum then attain a plateau with increasing sliding distance. For both applied loads the piston alloy showed the better performance due to higher Ni and Mg content. The worn surface and wear debris was characterized by optical microscope, SEM and EDX analyzer. The worn surface was characterized by surface with shallow grooves at loads while the groove width and depth increased as the loads increases. Oxidative wear was found to be the predominant mechanisms in the dry sliding of Al-Si alloys at low loads.
Keywords: Wear, SEM, friction, gravimetric analysis, EDX, aluminiumsilicon alloysProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 2190
18 A Study of the Growth of Single-Phase Mg0.5Zn0.5O Films for UV LED
Authors: Hong Seung Kim, Chang Hoi Kim, Lili Yue
Single-phase, high band gap energy Zn0.5Mg0.5O films were grown under oxygen pressure, using pulse laser deposition with a Zn0.5Mg0.5O target. Structural characterization studies revealed that the crystal structures of the ZnX-1MgXO films could be controlled via changes in the oxygen pressure. TEM analysis showed that the thickness of the deposited Zn1-xMgxO thin films was 50–75 nm. As the oxygen pressure increased, we found that one axis of the crystals did not show a very significant increase in the crystallization compared with that observed at low oxygen pressure. The X-ray diffraction peak intensity for the hexagonal-ZnMgO (002) plane increased relative to that for the cubic-ZnMgO (111) plane. The corresponding c-axis of the h-ZnMgO lattice constant increased from 5.141 to 5.148 Å, and the a-axis of the c-ZnMgO lattice constant decreased from 4.255 to 4.250 Å. EDX analysis showed that the Mg content in the mixed-phase ZnMgO films decreased significantly, from 54.25 to 46.96 at.%. As the oxygen pressure was increased from 100 to 150 mTorr, the absorption edge red-shifted from 3.96 to 3.81 eV; however, a film grown at the highest oxygen pressure tested here (200 mTorr).
Keywords: ZnO, MgO, UV LED, ZnMgOProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1756
17 Effects of SRT and HRT on Treatment Performance of MBR and Membrane Fouling
Authors: M. I. Aida Isma, Azni Idris, Rozita Omar, A. R. Putri Razreena
40L of hollow fiber membrane bioreactor with solids retention times (SRT) of 30, 15 and 4 days were setup for treating synthetic wastewater at hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 12, 8 and 4 hours. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of SRT and HRT on membrane fouling. A comparative analysis was carried out for physiochemical quality parameters (turbidity, suspended solids, COD, NH3-N and PO43-). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy diffusive X-ray (EDX) analyzer and particle size distribution (PSD) were used to characterize the membrane fouling properties. The influence of SRT on the quality of effluent, activated sludge quality, and membrane fouling were also correlated. Lower membrane fouling and slower rise in trans-membrane pressure (TMP) were noticed at the longest SRT and HRT of 30d and 12h, respectively. Increasing SRT results in noticeable reduction of dissolved organic matters. The best removal efficiencies of COD, TSS, NH3-N and PO43- were 93%, 98%, 80% and 30% respectively. The high HRT with shorter SRT induced faster fouling rate. The main fouling resistance was cake layer. The most severe membrane fouling was observed at SRT and HRT of 4 and 12, respectively with thickness cake layer of 17mm as reflected by higher TMP, lower effluent removal and thick sludge cake layer.
Keywords: HRT, membrane bioreactor, SRT, membrane foulingProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 5741
16 Generation of Catalytic Films of Zeolite Y and ZSM-5 on FeCrAlloy Metal
Authors: Rana Th. A. Al-Rubaye, Arthur A. Garforth
This work details the generation of thin films of structured zeolite catalysts (ZSM–5 and Y) onto the surface of a metal substrate (FeCrAlloy) using in-situ hydrothermal synthesis. In addition, the zeolite Y is post-synthetically modified by acidified ammonium ion exchange to generate US-Y. Finally the catalytic activity of the structured ZSM-5 catalyst films (Si/Al = 11, thickness 146 0m) and structured US–Y catalyst film (Si/Al = 8, thickness 230m) were compared with the pelleted powder form of ZSM–5 and USY catalysts of similar Si/Al ratios. The structured catalyst films have been characterised using a range of techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X–ray analysis (EDX) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The transition from oxide-onalloy wires to hydrothermally synthesised uniformly zeolite coated surfaces was followed using SEM and XRD. In addition, the robustness of the prepared coating was confirmed by subjecting these to thermal cycling (ambient to 550oC). The cracking of n–heptane over the pellets and structured catalysts for both ZSM–5 and Y zeolite showed very similar product selectivities for similar amounts of catalyst with an apparent activation energy of around 60 kJ mol-1. This paper demonstrates that structured catalysts can be manufactured with excellent zeolite adherence and when suitably activated/modified give comparable cracking results to the pelleted powder forms. These structured catalysts will improve temperature distribution in highly exothermic and endothermic catalysed processes.
Keywords: Structured catalyst, FeCrAlloy, zeolite ZSM-5, and Zeolite YProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 2809
15 Investigation on Polymer Based Nano-Silver as Food Packaging Materials
Authors: A. M. Metak, T. T. Ajaal
Commercial nanocomposite food packaging type nano-silver containers were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The presence of nanoparticles consistent with the incorporation of 1% nano-silver (Ag) and 0.1% titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle into polymeric materials formed into food containers was confirmed. Both nanomaterials used in this type of packaging appear to be embedded in a layered configuration within the bulk polymer. The dimensions of the incorporated nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and determined by calculation using the Scherrer Formula; these were consistent with Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles in the size range 20-70nm both were spherical shape nanoparticles. Antimicrobial assessment of the nanocomposite container has also been performed and the results confirm the antimicrobial activity of Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles in food packaging containers. Migration assessments were performed in a wide range of food matrices to determine the migration of nanoparticles from the packages. The analysis was based upon the relevant European safety Directives and involved the application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to identify the range of migration risk. The data pertain to insignificance levels of migration of Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles into the selected food matrices.
Keywords: Migration, nano-silver, antimicrobial food packaging, titanium dioxideProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 5516
14 Development and Characterization of a Polymer Composite Electrolyte to Be Used in Proton Exchange Membranes Fuel Cells
Authors: B. A. Berns, V. Romanovicz, M. M. de Camargo Forte, D. E. O. S. Carpenter
The Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) are largely studied because they operate at low temperatures and they are suitable for mobile applications. However, there are some deficiencies in their operation, mainly those that use ethanol as a hydrogen source, that require a certain attention. Therefore, this research aimed to develop Nafion® composite membranes, mixing clay minerals, kaolin and halloysite to the polymer matrix in order to improve the ethanol molecule retentions and, at the same time, to keep the system's protonic conductivity. The modified Nafion/Kaolin, Nafion/Halloysite composite membranes were prepared in weight proportion of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5. The membranes obtained were characterized as to their ethanol permeability, protonic conductivity and water absorption. The composite morphology and structure are characterized by SEM and EDX and the thermal behavior is determined by TGA and DSC. The analysis of the results shows ethanol permeability reduction from 48% to 63%. However, the protonic conductivity results are lower in relation to pure Nafion®. As to the thermal behavior, the Nafion® composite membranes were stable up to a temperature of 325ºC.
Keywords: Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermal Properties, Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs), nanoclayProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 2188
13 Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) after Incubation Eggshell in Andaman Sea, Thailand Study: Microanalysis on Ultrastructure and Elemental Composition
Authors: M. Areekijseree, M. Pumipaiboon, S. Nuamsukon, K. Kittiwattanawong, C. Thongchai, S. Sikiwat, T. Chuen-Im
There are few studies on eggshell of leatherback turtle which is endangered species in Thailand. This study was focusing on the ultrastructure and elemental composition of leatherback turtle eggshells collected from Andaman Sea Shore, Thailand during the nesting season using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Three eggshell layers of leatherback turtle; the outer cuticle layer or calcareous layer, the middle layer or middle multistrata layer and the inner fibrous layer were recognized. The outer calcareous layer was thick and porosity which consisted of loose nodular units of various crystal shapes and sizes. The loose attachment between these units resulted in numerous spaces and openings. The middle layer was compact thick with several multistrata and contained numerous openings connecting to both outer cuticle layer and inner fibrous layer. The inner fibrous layer was compact and thin, and composed of numerous reticular fibers. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis detector revealed energy spectrum of X-rays character emitted from all elements on each layer. The percentages of all elements were found in the following order: carbon (C) > oxygen (O) > calcium (Ca) > sulfur (S) > potassium (K) > aluminum (Al) > iodine (I) > silicon (Si) > chlorine (Cl) > sodium (Na) > fluorine (F) > phosphorus (P) > magnesium (Mg). Each layer consisted of high percentage of CaCO3 (approximately 98%) implying that it was essential for turtle embryonic development. A significant difference was found in the percentages of Ca and Mo in the 3layers. Moreover, transition metal, metal and toxic non-metal contaminations were found in leatherback turtle eggshell samples. These were palladium (Pd), molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), and bromine (Br). The contamination elements were seen in the outer layers except for Mo. All elements were readily observed and mapped using Smiling program. X-ray images which mapped the location of all elements were showed. Calcium containing in the eggshell appeared in high contents and was widely distributing in clusters of the outer cuticle layer to form CaCO3 structure. Moreover, the accumulation of Na and Cl was observed to form NaCl which was widely distributing in 3 eggshell layers. The results from this study would be valuable on assessing the emergent success in this endangered species.
Keywords: Leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), SEM (SEI/EDX), turtle eggshellProcedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1586


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Elizabeth's review of Lift and Separate > Likes and Comments
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message 2: by Elizabeth (new)
Thank you, Betty! You understand exactly what I meant. Women reinvent themselves several times during their lives. I'm not the same person as I was in my 20's. Are you? I hope I've changed from that person. I hope I'm a better person and that my choices have made me a person I like better than my 20 year old self.
I appreciate your comment. Thanks again.
I appreciate your comment. Thanks again.
message 1: by Betty (new)
If I understand correctly, you're using the term "coming of age" to refer to a woman over 50. I hope that's right because it made my brain cells light up! If we didn't morph from one version of ourselves to another at various times in our lives, the journey would be so much less rewarding. Nice review !

subset: commoncrawl


text: Kingsgate Hotel Autolodge is conveniently located in the popular Paihia area. The hotel offers a high standard of service and amenities to suit the individual needs of all travelers. Wi-Fi in public areas, car park, room service, restaurant, tours are on the list of things guests can enjoy. Each guestroom is elegantly furnished and equipped with handy amenities. To enhance guests' stay, the hotel offers recreational facilities such as fitness center, outdoor pool, spa, pool (kids). Kingsgate Hotel Autolodge combines warm hospitality with a lovely ambiance to make your stay in Paihia unforgettable.


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New Mexico nabs poacher after 2-year investigation
from goHUNT
After a lengthy investigation that lasted more than two years, the New Mexico Game and Fish Commission have revoked the hunting, fishing and trapping privileges of the man guilty of 26 different poaching charges. The charges spanned four different counties (Colfax, Harding, San Miguel and Mora) and included the illegal harvest of deer, antelope and elk. According to the Ruidoso News, the case began back in 2012 when officers responded to an anonymous tip phoned into the state's Operation Game Thief hotline, which resulted in an investigation linking Esequiel Mascarenas to multiple incidents within the four counties. Mascarenas's friends, Benjamin Arguello and Nick Jaramillo (now deceased), were also punished for their involvement with the poaching crimes.
7701 Las Colinas Blvd., Ste. 800, Irving, TX 75063


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A volunteer cleanup on Thursday to help protect coral reefs in Penghu County yielded more than 800kg of abandoned fishing nets, the Marine National Park Headquarters said yesterday.
Scuba divers last week reported that "ghost nets," or abandoned nets, covered coral reefs off the coast of Dongi Island (東吉嶼), the park headquarters said.
However, it could not take action at the time due to the strong winds and choppy seas caused by Typhoon Mitag, park official Hsu Shao-liang (徐韶良) said.
With calm weather on Thursday, the headquarters assembled 10 marine conservation volunteers, who traveled to the reefs in two boats to remove the nets, Hsu said.
It took five hours to remove hundreds of meters of nets, he said.
The reefs of branching corals, known as lavender forests because of their striking color, were undamaged, Hsu said.
Nets can be hazardous to coral reef ecosystems, as they can block sunlight, hampering coral photosynthesis, he said.
The South Penghu Marine National Park, designated a protected area in 2014, encompassing 13 cays and islets in southern Penghu.
Since 2014, bottom-set gillnetting, which has the potential to indiscriminately destroy marine life over a long period, has been banned inside the national park, but local fishermen are still allowed to use drift nets.
Following the partial restriction on fishing in the area, eco-tourism activities such as guided snorkeling and scuba diving have provided new sources of income for residents.


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Twittly now in the BlackBerry World!
Well, today is certainly the day.
Nemory Studios has brought it's beautiful and customizable twitter app out the of the beta zone and into the BlackBerry World.
At this time I'm not able to add a link. All you have to do is search for Twittly in BlackBerry World.
Are you going to check out this new kid on the block or stick with what you have been using?


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Let me introduce our coolest backpack:
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Closing with magnetic slider buckle
1-year warranty
Handmade in Budapest


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Formula One
Australian Grand Prix: Lewis Hamilton rues new rules and computer 'bug' as Vettel draws first blood
Of his many talents, the ability to overtake is one of Lewis Hamilton's greatest. But yesterday, with victory there for the taking, he was forced to ease off and watch his rival Sebastian Vettel drive to the chequered flag ahead of him. Something was wrong — and that something is a factor that could define the world championship this season.
With seven laps of the 58-lap Australian Grand Prix in Melbourne to go, Hamilton appeared to give up the fight. The reason he revealed was that he was "nervous about damaging the engine".
Teams are only allowed to use three engines this year, down from four in 2017, before they are penalised. It is a significant demand in a 21-race calendar and teams are already…


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Founder @tangelo • Worldwide lead for @accenture , @sun-microsystems
Originally from Ecuador, and from humble beginnings, Antonio and his family reside in Silicon Valley. Antonio founded Tangelo in 2008, one of the very few 100% inclusive and diverse technology companies in Silicon Valley. His story exemplifies the power of grit and resilience.Describe what you have done, what you are doing, and the kinds of things you are interested in.
Top Marketing Program for Accenture in the first 12 months of taking the job
4 consumer apps launched and grew users to millions
Experience raising VC money
Oversaw 200+ Digital Transformation projects
Built and managed worldwide teams at Accenture, Sun, and startups
Founder CareerForce Prior: Relevance (Cofounder + COO, Brazil), Giggo (Cofounder + CEO), Picosito.com (Cofounder + CEO), ISI/Frontier Communications (#27)
Worked at Bilingual Children's Enterprises, Blockchain Health, HeartMath, CareMessage
Founding Partner at @leap-global-partners • Worked at @goldman-sachs, @tiburon-strategic-advisors • Studied at @claremont-consortium-of-colleges
Full Stack Web / iOS Engineer
UI Designer


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4th Class Masks
In June 2012, 4th Class performed in a visual arts display using masks. Each girl created her own costume and performed to music for the senior classes. Look below at some photos. Can you guess who they are?
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Documents say Bush got breaks in military
George W. Bush's squadron commander in the Texas Air National Guard grounded the young lieutenant from flying when he missed a medical examination and failed to meet performance standards, according to documents made public Wednesday that revived an issue that has shadowed Bush for much of his political career.
Four memos from the late Col. Jerry Killian, released Wednesday by CBS' "60 Minutes," suggest that Bush received favored treatment during a time in the early 1970s when many young men were being drafted and sent to fight in Vietnam.
In one memo, dated Aug. 18, 1972 and entitled "CYA," Killian wrote that he was being pressured from higher-ups in the Guard to gloss over Bush's poor performance and to "sugarcoat" his evaluation.
"I'm having trouble running interference and doing my job," he wrote.
The memos appeared to be written by Killian to himself and were placed in his personal file, "60 Minutes" reported. The news program cited the opinion of a handwriting expert and a close friend of Killian who said all four of them appeared authentic.
Questions about Bush's military service have survived for much of his political life and were raised four years ago in his first run for the White House. But the topic was reinvigorated by several revelations Wednesday:
(1) Killian's memos and an interview with a Texas Democratic politician and supporter of John F. Kerry who said he helped Bush jump to the front of the line in the Air National Guard.
(2) A Boston Globe story published Wednesday that concluded Bush "fell well short of meeting his military obligation" by failing to report for duty to a Guard unit in Boston when he moved there to attend Harvard Business School.
(3) A new television ad by a liberal Texas advocacy group that features a former guardsman saying he never saw Bush, though they both served in the Alabama Air National Guard at the same time.
White House officials said Wednesday that the Killian memos and reports on Bush's Guard service were mostly rehashes of previous reports and support their contention that the president fulfilled his duties.
"If the president had not fulfilled his commitment he would not have been honorably discharged," spokesman Scott McClellan said.
Still, intensifying scrutiny of the president's record — and whereabouts — in the Air National Guard seemed to put the White House on the defensive after a group opposing Kerry questioned his service in Vietnam and criticized his subsequent antiwar activities.
Bush's service has been in dispute for years because of a six-month gap in 1972 that has not been fully explained by military records. Repeated news reports and document releases by the White House and Pentagon have not settled the question.
Killian's memos, written daily in the early 1970s when he commanded Bush's squadron at Houston's Ellington Air Force Base, appear to be the most damaging revelations in long-running accusations by his critics that he had received special treatment. The memos involving Bush were dated between May 4 and Aug. 18, 1972.
They suggest that Killian, who died in May 1984, ordered Bush to take a physical so that he could maintain his flying status, in contradiction to White House reports that Bush didn't need the exam because he was transferring to an assignment where he would not be flying.
And while the official version from Bush's camp has been that he was grounded on Aug. 1, 1972 only because he had not completed the physical, Killian wrote that he also took that action for other reasons, as well.
"On this date, I ordered that 1st Lt. Bush be suspended not just for failing to take a physical," Killian wrote, according to the news report, "but for failing to perform to U.S. Air Force/Texas Air National Guard standards."
"The officer (then-Lt. Bush) has made no attempt to meet his training certification or flight physical," the memo goes on.
Previously released Pentagon records have shown that Killian gave glowing reports to Bush early on, calling him "an exceptionally fine young officer and pilot" who "performed in an outstanding manner."
But "60 Minutes" — without saying how it obtained them — reported that Killian also kept his own personal "daily memos" during that period at the Houston air base.
In one such memo from May 19, 1972, Killian wrote that Bush called him to talk about "how he can get out of coming to drill from now through November."
The memo goes on to say that Bush told Killian he was "working on another campaign for his dad" in Alabama, and "may not have the time" to take his physical. But Killian's memo suggests that some in the Guard command were not pleased. He advised the young flier of the military's "investment" in his flight training, which some experts have estimated at $1 million.
Bush had received permission by the Guard to move to that state to assist the U.S. Senate campaign of Winton Blount, a former postmaster general and Bush family friend.
More than a year later, Killian wrote that Col. Buck Staudt, the commander of the Texas Air National Guard, was pressuring him to "sugarcoat" Bush's annual evaluation. Staudt has repeatedly told the media that Bush fulfilled his duty.
Killian wrote that he refused to alter the evaluation. Texas guard officials reported that they could not properly evaluate Bush, because of his reassignment to Alabama and a lack of reports from officers there.
"I will not rate. Austin is not happy today either."
After the election in November 1972, Bush returned to Houston and then in the summer of 1973 moved to Cambridge, Mass., to attend business school at Harvard. He was honorably discharged on Oct. 1 of that year.
A spokesman suggested that the Killian memos support Bush's account of those times, showing that he wanted to clear his reassignment in Alabama.
"So at every step of the way, President Bush was meeting his requirement, granted permission to meet his requirement," Bush spokesman Dan Bartlett said. "And that's why President Bush was honorably discharged."
The television report also featured an appearance by Ben Barnes, a Democratic political activist and former Texas lieutenant governor, who said he helped Bush get a coveted slot in the National Guard in May 1968.
Barnes, a former Texas House speaker and now a top fundraiser for Kerry, said he received a call in 1968 from Texas oilman Sid Adger — a mutual friend of his and then-Rep. George H.W. Bush — who said he was hoping to get the younger Bush into the Air National Guard.
Barnes said he followed through by calling another friend, James Rose, the head of the Texas Air National Guard before Staudt.
"There were hundreds of names on the list of people wanting to get into the Air National Guard or the Army National Guard," Barnes told "60 Minutes." "I think that (call) would have been a preference to anybody that didn't want to go to Vietnam or didn't want to leave."
Bush re-election officials dismissed Barnes' credibility, pointing out that he has raised hundreds of thousands of dollars for Democratic candidates and was a close ally of one-time Texas Gov. Ann Richards, whom Bush defeated in the 1994 governor's race.
In a television interview last week, George H.W. Bush called reports that his son received favored treatment "a total lie," adding that "Nobody's come up with any evidence, and yet it's repeated all the time."
Also on Wednesday, an investigative team from The Boston Globe reported that Bush did not fulfill his military obligation because he did not report to a Guard unit in the Boston area, where he had moved to attend Harvard's graduate business school.
The White House on Wednesday pointed to a previously released document from the Guard that it said accounted for Bush's final seven months, in the Guard, from his honorable discharge Oct. 1, 1973 until his final release on May 26, 1974.
That "special order" shows that the Guard was aware that Bush was in Cambridge, and that his command was "transferred" to the Guard's Air Reserve Personnel Center in Denver. That left him on call as a "ready reserve" if needed.
Two retired officers familiar with National Guard procedures differed as to whether Bush was still obligated, at that point, to check in with a unit in the Boston area.
Times staff writers Nick Anderson, Kathleen Hennessey, Edwin Chen and Susannah Rosenblatt contributed to this report.


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Kallo Blueberry & Vanilla Wholegrain Low Fat Rice & Corn Cakes
- Brand: Kallo
- Weight: 120g
Why choose British Corner Shop?
- - Over 12,000 British food and drink items
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- - Fast 1-2 day courier delivery to the USA
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- - Official Waitrose Stockist, available to the USA.
Product information
Kallo Blueberry & Vanilla Rice & Corn Cakes are delicious low fat, wholegrain rice cakes with only 35 calories per cake and less than 3% fat.
Vegetarian and vegan friendly, these moreish crackers are tasty topped with fresh fruit, fromage frais, and even a sprinkling of chocolate chips.
Delicious and nutritious as part of a healthy and balance diet, these rice cakes contain no artificial colours, flavours or preservatives.
Most popular with customers in Sweden, Italy, Greece, France and Belgium, but you can buy Kallo Blueberry & Vanilla Wholegrain Low Fat Rice & Corn Cakes for delivery worldwide.
One of our Kallo branded products.
Wholegrain Brown Rice (56%), Corn (30%), Cane Sugar, Blueberry Powder (Blueberry, Maltodextrin [Potato]), Natural Flavouring.
Lifestyle / Additives
- Free From Artificial Colours, Free From Artificial Flavours, Free From Artificial Preservatives.
- Suitable for Vegans, Suitable for Vegetarians.
Storage Instructions
- Storage Type: Ambient.
- Store in a cool, dry place. Once opened keep in an airtight container and enjoy within 14 days.
- Pack Type: Plastic Wrap.
Product reviews
I was pleasantly surprised at the lovely subtle flavour of these, which is a reflection of the healthy ingredients. It is so nice to be able to eat something that is not overloaded with sugar or artificial flavours. We love these rice cakes. For a healthy sweet snack these are delicious with Philadelphia light cheese on top. Great for kids to snack on too and pretty healthy.
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Growing up in a military family, Kathy Nicolls was taught to never be afraid to try any food. From a young age, she ate escargot, artichokes, oysters, and frog legs. Things that many adults won't touch but were common in her house. "We also had to eat everything on our plate, or we couldn't be excused from the table," she recalls. She remembers reading Betty Crocker cookbooks for fun and watching her Sicilian grandmother make homemade ravioli on her pasta machine when she came to visit. "The best thing my grandma made was Sunday sauce. It would cook on the stove all day long and we would eat it on rigatoni with fresh pecorino. She also made anise biscotti and the best chocolate chip cookies ever!"
Kathy remembers going to the Navy Officer's Club as a child and being fascinated with the tableside Caesar salad and Café Diablo Flaming Coffee. Sunday mornings were special to her when her dad would make homemade buttermilk biscuits, apple fritters dusted with powdered sugar, peanut butter waffles and sourdough cinnamon rolls. She always got up early to fry the bacon to ensure that she would get a piece or two before her three brothers and sister snagged it all. "I feel like my mom cooked more as a duty to feed our whole brood, but my dad was more experimental having grown up in the South and because of his military travels, roasting his own peanuts and pumpkin seeds, and making homemade beef jerky," she says. "I think that military men have eclectic tastes due to all their travelling. I was the beneficiary of that with my dad and was never afraid to try new things," she laughs.
Her family moved to Coronado in 1976 from Lemoore when her pilot Dad was stationed here. She points out that it was a rite of passage to work at a restaurant growing up in Coronado during that era. She and some of her siblings worked at the Chart House and Mom's Ice Cream through the years.
At the Chart House, she moved from hostessing to the kitchen where she learned to make the famous mud pie and cheesecakes. She left in 1985 when she got married and they moved to Europe to begin their modelling careers. They helped open Tres Kilos, a Mexican restaurant, in Zurich. She learned by watching and experimenting. She remembers teaching the Yugoslavian cook how to make guacamole. She also traveled through Italy, Germany and Switzerland, sampling ethnic foods along the way, and spent time in Asia as well.
Upon Kathy's return to Coronado, she worked at Peohe's, Chez Loma, Quattro Venti Pasta, La Strada and Café Japengo, and decided she wanted to be a personal chef. She was able to pursue being a personal chef while she worked for a family, travelling with them to Mexico, Arizona and Hollywood. Next was eight months cooking on a private yacht cruising though Panama and Costa Rica.
Life changed dramatically after she had her son and started making jalapeno jam in a variety of flavors as well as heart-healthy granolas, which she began to sell online. She worked for a variety of clients, catering to those with special dietary needs, whether it was kosher, gluten free, vegan or allergy specific. "My cooking style is healthy comfort food," she comments. "There is no culture or food that is not in my repertoire."
When Kathy started bringing charcuterie boards to share with family and friends at the summer Concerts in the Park, people began asking where they to get them. So Scratch Gourmet expanded to include vibrant cured meat and assorted cheese boards, which include her unique flavors of jalapeno jam, along with honeycomb, mustard, olives, pickles, handcrafted spicy bourbon maple nuts, bread, crackers, and fresh and dried fruits, with a flower and herb garnish; perfect for picnics and parties.
Her personal "go to" foods are tomatoes, mashed potatoes, olive oil and all fruits, but don't get her started on her disdain for peas and lima beans. "I love the creativity of cooking, just like an artist is creative when painting a picture. It allows me to have a personal connection with people. I put love into everything I make, and I welcome feedback to see if my clients enjoyed the food," she comments.
Let's talk about the food Kathy will personally prepare for you on a one-time or regular basis. She offers weekly dinner delivery and a sampling of her fresh, organic selections including Moroccan pomegranate and yogurt marinated tri-tip, Miso and sherry glazed salmon with sauteed shiitake mushrooms and baby bok choy, and Mojo pork with seared avocados and oranges. All of her salad dressings are made from scratch with organic olive oils. Kids' meals are also on the menu, so everyone in your house will enjoy locally sourced, healthy, gourmet meals. Catering and private dinner parties are also part of Scratch Gourmet's offerings. As Kathy says, "We love feeding people and believe everything tastes better from Scratch!"
Kathy definitely brings her international palette to her newest culinary adventure. To learn more about her offerings, check out her Facebook page Scratch or her website www.scratch-gourmet.com. She can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com or (619) 987-4912.
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What Is Buick QuietTuning?
If you are looking to drive a Buick, then you have probably heard about QuietTuning even if you aren't sure what it is. This is a Buick-exclusive engineering process that lets the automaker create a cabin that is quiet and free from distractions.
How Buick QuietTuning Works
To make sure the Buick QuietTuning does its job, the automaker puts its vehicles through vigorous testing, both virtually and physically. Testers use 4-post shaker rigs, cold and thermal chambers, and wind tunnels. The exact methods used to create the quiet, distraction-free cabin vary between models. These methods are designed to absorb sound within the cabin, prevent sounds from entering in the first place, and reduce sounds right from their source.
Examples of Methods
Buick uses some traditional methods to reduce sound. This includes acoustic insulation materials that can be found on either side of their cars' steel dash panel as well as in the headliner, doors, and under the hood. There is also acoustic laminated side glass and windshields, dual-density floor carpeting, and even triple-sealed doors. The Buick underbody paneling reduces noise from the road surface and noise while still boosting fuel economy. Other features to reduce sound include isolated chassis components, quiet-tuned tires, an isolated engine cradle that reduces vibrations, high-strength steel, and hydraulic suspension bushings.
Buick QuietTuning Advanced Sound Reduction
In addition to the noise-reduction methods mentioned above, which can typically be found on competitors as well, Buick uses more innovative methods. It applies a liquid sound deadener; tunes the exhaust and air intake systems; and has heat-activated baffles in some pillars, outside mirrors that are aerodynamically optimized, a patented rear suspension, and the ultra-quiet alternator. Depending on the Buick model, QuietTuning may also include Bose Active Noise Cancelation.
Experience the quiet interiors of Buick vehicles for yourself on a test drive at Bill DeLord in Lebanon, Ohio.


text: A time to get together to enjoy fellowship, family, friends, food & entertainment. Check back for updates on all events Feburary 23th Games start at 6:00pm Euchre Tournament Bring your planing partner, family, and friends for food, fun, and prizes. Buy-In will be any paper product. Pager Towel, Toilet Pager, Napkins and /or any other paper product that you can think of. These donations well start our 2019 Food Pantry. Don't have a partner, We'll get you one. Don't know how to play, We'll teach you.


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Indian Bulk Hair - Range of Products
We specialize in Indian bulk hair exports. Over the years we have learnt the art of procuring bulk hair and transforming it into the desired size, texture, shade and looks. We understand the structure of the hair and select only healthy cuticles that can stand the test of time. We ensure the cuticle layer is closed so that the hair does not tangle or break. This gives the luster and long life to the hair. We are against using chemical ingredients and ensure only natural processing methods are used. This makes our bulk hair collection safe and hygienic. We are pioneers in offering virgin hair in its original and genetic state.