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|Sunday, 26 January 2020
RFE/RL Newsline, 05-07-20
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[01] ENVOY SAYS PROVINCES' POLITICAL AUTONOMY SHOULD BE LINKED TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTDmitrii Kozak, presidential envoy to the Southern Federal District, told journalists in Moscow on 18 July that the amount of autonomous power granted to federal subjects should be dependent on their level of economic development and financial situations, RIA-Novosti reported. Under such a system, federal constituencies could be categorized by whether they are recipients of federal funds, intermediaries, or donor regions. Kozak said the first group should comprise territories whose budgets are largely dependent on federal funds. Consequentially, those territories would relinquish to the federal center administrative powers that they cannot support financially. Kozak said he believes that the republics of Chechnya, Daghestan, Ingushetiya, Kabardino-Balkaria, Tuva, and Koryak Autonomous Okrug would be among those in the first category. Kozak said his proposals will be submitted to the government as a bill by the end of summer. VY
[02] NASHI LEADER DESCRIBES SUMMER CAMP...Vasilii Yakemenko, leader of the pro-presidential youth group Nashi, on 18 July described the role of a summer camp in Tverskaya Oblast where more than 3,000 Nashi members from throughout Russia are undergoing training, TV-Tsentr reported (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 14 July 2005). He said the camp is intended "to prepare the cadre's revolution in Russia," adding that "we are training nationally oriented managers who will provide Russia's global leadership in the 21st century." Addressing Nashi activists during the two-week camp, deputy presidential-administration head Vladislav Surkov called on them to "protect [Russian] youth from impact of the West," and said that the faster you "come to us" the faster "we will hand over the country to you." VY
[03] ...AS KREMLIN POLITICAL CONSULTANT SAYS PUTIN HAS NOTHING TO FEARFoundation for Effective Politics head Gleb Pavlovskii told participants at the Nashi summer camp that "there are people preparing riots in 2007, and they will try already to test their strength this fall during the elections for the Moscow City Duma," "Moskovskii komsomolets" reported on 19 July. "Putin is not afraid of riots, because he has the means [to counter them] and he is the supreme commander in chief," Pavlovskii added. He also criticized Yabloko's leader, Grigorii Yavlinskii, saying he is merely another Boris Berezovskii and describing him as a key adviser and tool of the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush, "Moskovskii komsomolets" reported. VY
[04] GOVERNMENT APPROVES PATRIOTIC-EDUCATION PROGRAMPrime Minister Mikhail Fradkov's cabinet on 18 July adopted a national program of patriotic education of youth that will promote national and state values through the year 2010, Russian news agencies reported. Approximately 500 million rubles ($18 million) will be allocated to support films, festivals, competitions, software development, and the promotion of state symbols and the national anthem. The program will also earmark funding to "confront attempts to compromise and devaluate patriotic ideals in the mass media, literature, and art, " newsru.com reported. VY
[05] NEW ACCUSATIONS AGAINST KASYANOV MADE PUBLICInvestigative journalist and Duma Deputy Aleksandr Khinstein (Unified Russia), whose request initiated an investigation into former Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 11 and 12 July 2005) on 19 July published in "Moskovskii komsomolets" new documents and new accusations supporting his allegations that Kasyanov illegally purchased an exclusive estate. Meanwhile, "Komsomolskaya pravda" on 19 July published additional documents provided by Khinstein and the results of its own investigation that allege that Kasyanov purchased two luxury dachas in prestigious areas while he was in office. In connection with these purported purchases, Khinstein has sent a request to the Prosecutor-General's Office asking it to investigate how Kasyanov, who until his retirement was officially never involved in any business, could afford such purchases. VY
[06] ...AS COMMENTATORS SPECULATE ON HIS FUTURE...Unified Russia faction deputy head Mikhail Bugera replied "No" when asked by a reporter if the Kremlin is prepared to detain former Prime Minister Kasyanov, "Kommersant-Vlast," No. 28, reported. "Kasyanov not a man who will risk his neck for politics," he added. However, Duma Deputy Aleksei Ostrovskii (Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, LDPR) told the weekly that Kasyanov could face up to five years in prison, "and the privatization of dachas is only a minor accusation against him." Former Yukos executive Leonid Nevzlin, who himself is wanted by Russian authorities, told "Kommersant-Vlast": "Ask Putin. He is only person who knows." Another Putin rival, self-exiled oligarch Berezovskii, told the magazine: "Yes, they can put Kasyanov in prison, but then he will be president." VY
[07] ...AND COLUMNIST REFUTES ACCUSATIONSWriting in "Vremya novostei" on 18 July, Semen Novoprudskii said that Deputy Prosecutor-General Vladimir Kolesnikov revealed through a recent statement in which he said, "Stop stealing, and there will be no politics" (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 17 July 2005), that in Russia politics and stealing are practically one and the same. Indeed, there are three reasons to believe that cases of Kasyanov and former Yukos CEO Mikhail Khodorkovskii are political in nature, Novoprudskii wrote. First, both cases involved people who either criticized the Kremlin or funded the opposition. Second, the charges brought against the two could be filed against a vast number of officials and businessmen. And third, none of the oligarchs who remain loyal to the Kremlin or officials from President Putin's closed circle have faced similar accusations. Therefore, Novoprudskii concluded, the criminal persecution of Khodorkovskii and Kasyanov must derive exclusively from the intention to prevent them from participating in the 2004 presidential election, because under Russia law those who are on trial or under criminal investigation cannot run for president. VY
[08] REPUTED RUSSIAN MOBSTER ACQUITTEDA Moscow court jury on 18 July unanimously acquitted Vyacheslav Ivankov, aka Yaponchik, of charges that he killed two Turkish nationals in Moscow in 1992, Russian and international media reported. The jury said it was not possible to prove Ivankov's guilt because witnesses could not positively identify him. Ivankov, 65, spent many years in Soviet prisons for running criminal gangs and other serious crimes. Following his release in 1991 he moved to the United States, where in 1996 he was arrested for extorting $3.5 million from Russian immigrants and for marriage fraud. Ivankov spent 10 years in U.S. prison until he was handed over to Russia in 2004. Mikhail Borshchevskii, the Russian government's representative in the Constitutional Court, said on 18 July that the trial merely showed that the defense's case was stronger than the prosecution's, RTR reported. Meanwhile, state prosecutor Maria Semenenko said that she will appeal the verdict. VY
[09] HALF OF RUSSIANS SAY OPPOSITION NOT NEEDEDSome 48 percent of respondents in a nationwide poll taken earlier this month said that a country with "normal" political, economic, and social conditions does not need to have a political opposition, regions.ru reported on 18 July, citing the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM). The same VTsIOM poll found that 33 percent consider a political opposition necessary. Respondents who had started or completed higher education were almost evenly divided on the question (46 percent saying an opposition is necessary, 44 percent saying not), while respondents with lower levels of education by large margins said an opposition was not needed. Supporters of Unified Russia, the Communist Party, and the LDPR were more likely to say that an opposition was not necessary under normal conditions, while Motherland supporters were more likely to believe in the need for an opposition. Some 61 percent of respondents named the KPRF as an opposition party, but just 44 percent and 41 percent said the same about the LDPR and Motherland, respectively. LB
[10] MOSCOW MAYOR TO SERVE OUT HIS TERMMoscow Mayor Yurii Luzhkov is not planning to resign before his current term ends in December 2007, Interfax reported on 18 July, citing Mikhail Solomentsev, first deputy head of the mayor's press service. The recent adoption of a law granting privileges to Moscow city officials, including former mayors (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 18 July 2005), has fueled speculation that Luzhkov plans to resign early, as President Boris Yeltsin did at the end of 1999. Both gazeta.ru on 15 July and "Nezavisimaya gazeta" on 18 July commented that the Moscow City Duma hurried to pass the new law, approving it in two readings at a special session on 15 July (one day after the chamber had adjourned for summer vacation) rather than waiting for the fall session. But speaking to "Nezavisimaya gazeta," State Duma Deputy Aleksandr Lebedev speculated that the city legislature rushed consideration of the law not to pave the way for Luzhkov's resignation, but because the law provides privileges for former Moscow City Duma deputies. Elections for the legislature of the Russian capital are scheduled for December 2005, and current deputies may have wanted to safeguard their own retirements in case they are not reelected. LB
[11] YABLOKO FACTION IN MOSCOW DUMA DISSOLVESThe Yabloko-United Democrats faction in the Moscow City Duma has dissolved, with two of its three members switching to the Unified Russia faction, "Gazeta" reported on 18 July. The deal gives Unified Russia 20 out of the 35 seats in the city legislature. Moscow Duma deputies representing the Union of Rightist Forces, Motherland, and the Party of Life recently accused Yabloko and Unified Russia deputies of working together to pass legislation and shut out competing parties in the Moscow Duma elections scheduled for this December, "Novye izvestiya" and "Nezavisimaya gazeta" reported on 12 July. The latest developments suggest that such cooperation was not authorized by the leaders of Grigorii Yavlinskii's party. Aleksei Makarkin, deputy general director of the Center for Political Technologies, told "Gazeta" that the dissolution of Moscow's Yabloko faction will undermine Yavlinskii's plans to begin his political comeback by heading Yabloko's party list in the Moscow Duma elections. Makarkin speculated that the two Yabloko members who joined Unified Russia did so in order to boost their chances for winning reelection to the city legislature or gaining good jobs with the Moscow government. LB
[12] POSTAL SERVICE TO RAISE RATES FOR DELIVERING PRESSThe Federal Postal Service has informed publishers that it will change its fee structure for delivering publications to subscribers, effective 1 January 2006, "Kommersant-Daily" reported on 18 July. The fee for delivering Moscow-based daily newspapers will rise most sharply, doubling in some cases. Delivery costs for regional and raion newspapers will increase as well, but a 30 percent discount will lessen the blow. Postal Service general director Denis Chuiko told "Kommersant-Daily" that some large-circulation federal newspapers may be able to negotiate discounts as well. Up to now, regional branches of the Postal Service have used different formulas to determine the price charged for delivering newspapers and magazines, but next year the fee structure will be standardized. Publishers predict that the increased costs may cause a 30 percent decline in subscriptions to daily newspapers. Subscriptions make up a relatively small proportion of the circulation of most newspapers. However, subscription rates are still important for advertisers, according to Tatyana Melikhova, deputy general director of the Moskovskii Komsomolets publishing house. Experts cited by "Kommersant-Daily" said the magazine market will be much less affected, because in Russia magazines are distributed almost entirely through retail outlets rather than by subscription. LB
[13] IVANOVO GOVERNOR MAY FACE BRIBERY CHARGESIvanovo Oblast Governor Vladimir Tikhonov may become Russia's first sitting governor to be charged with bribery, "Kommersant-Daily" reported on 18 July. On 16 July, the Ivanovo Oblast Prosecutor's Office opened a criminal case against Valerii Tsoi, head of the oblast's road department, for allegedly taking large bribes from a businessman whose company won a state contract. Tsoi was taken into custody the same day and allegedly told investigators that he was collecting money also for the governor and two of his deputies. "Izvestiya" reported on 19 July that Tikhonov has appeared before prosecutors to answer questions but has not yet been charged with a crime. Ivanovo Legislative Assembly Chairman Vladimir Grishin, an opponent of Tikhonov, told "Kommersant-Daily" that law enforcement officers had searched the governor's home and office, a claim Tikhonov vehemently denied. Tikhonov, whose term as governor expires this December, has accused political opponents of making false charges in order to deny him another term in office, TV-Center and NTV reported on 18 July. Tikhonov claims that Tsoi, found in possession of a large sum of money, was "set up" by an acquaintance, according to "Kommersant-Daily." LB
[14] CHECHEN ELECTION DATE SETThe long-anticipated elections for a new, bicameral Chechen parliament have been scheduled for 27 November, Russian Regional Development Minister Vladimir Yakovlev told a cabinet meeting on 14 July, "Nezavisimaya gazeta" reported the following day. Preparations for the ballot will get under way in August, he added. Also on 14 July, Chechen Election Commission Chairman Ismail Baikhanov told Interfax that his commission has already determined the number of electoral districts, formed territorial election commissions, and drawn up lists of the 596,961 eligible voters. Pro-Moscow Chechen administration head Alu Alkhanov told journalists in Moscow on 6 June that he estimates that 10 parties will win representation in the new legislature, but he did not name them. On 12 July, Moscow Helsinki Group leader Lyudmila Alekseeva told Interfax that "moderate separatists" in Chechnya should have the right to participate in the parliamentary election as they account for almost 10 percent of the republic's population. LF
[15] EUROPEAN COURT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS REJECTS RUSSIAN APPEALThe Strasbourg-based European Court for Human Rights (ECHR) has rejected an appeal by the Russian government against a February ECHR ruling that ordered Moscow to pay almost 190,000 euros ($228,000) in compensation to six Chechens whose relatives were killed or injured by federal troops in 1999-2000, Interfax reported on 14 July, quoting Memorial human rights center lawyer Kirill Koroteev (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 25 February 2005). LF
Transcaucasia And Central Asia
[16] AZERBAIJANI OFFICIAL SAYS KARABAKH SETTLEMENT 'CLOSER THAN EVER BEFORE'Addressing a press conference in Baku on 18 July, Azerbaijani Deputy Foreign Minister Araz Azimov, who is President Ilham Aliyev's special envoy for the Karabakh peace talks, said that "in present conditions we are closer to peace than ever before," day.az reported. Echoing comments by Foreign Minister Elmar Mammadyarov last month (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 8 June 2005), Azimov enumerated aspects of the conflict currently under discussion, including the withdrawal of Armenian forces from districts of Azerbaijan adjacent to the unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, the repatriation of displaced persons, economic rehabilitation of the conflict zone, and the deployment of a peacekeeping force, Interfax reported. At the same time, Azimov characterized as either a "provocation" or a "trial balloon" Armenian statements last week that a peace settlement could make provision for a future referendum on the status of Karabakh vis-a-vis Azerbaijan (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 12 and 14 July 2005). He said Mammadyarov will meet in Moscow on 23 August with his Armenian counterpart Vartan Oskanian to prepare for talks on the Karabakh conflict three days later in Kazan between Armenian President Robert Kocharian and Azerbaijani President Aliyev. LF
[17] OPPOSITION BLOC APPEALS FOR FORMER AZERBAIJANI PRESIDENT'S RETURNThe Yeni Sisayet (YeS, or New Policy) addressed an open letter on 15 July to President Aliyev asking that former President Ayaz Mutalibov, who has lived in exile in Moscow since May 1992, be permitted to return to Azerbaijan to participate as a candidate in the 6 November parliamentary election, Turan reported. The appeal said allowing Mutalibov to return to Azerbaijan "for the sake of justice and statehood" would contribute to the development of democracy. The Social-Democratic Party of Azerbaijan, of which Mutalibov is co-chairman, is a corporate member of YeS. On 19 July the online daily echo-az.com quoted Mutalibov as saying that the Azerbaijani authorities are studying the implications of allowing him to return, but that he would do so only if his security were guaranteed and legislation were passed granting former presidents immunity from prosecution. LF
[18] OPPOSITIONISTS TARGETED IN RURAL AREAS OF AZERBAIJANLocal authorities detained for several hours some 30 members of the Azadlyg (Liberty) opposition election bloc who planned to stage a campaign rally in Kyurdamir on 16 July, echo-az.com reported on 19 July. The bloc has lodged a complaint with the OSCE's Baku office. Local authorities and police sought similarly to thwart Azadlyg's campaign rallies in Sabirabad, Lenkoran, Masally, and Djalilabad. LF
[19] GEORGIA INCREASES REWARD FOR INFORMATION ABOUT BUSH GRENADE INCIDENTThe Georgian Interior Ministry has raised from the original 20,000 laris ($11,000) to 150,000 laris the reward offered for information leading to the arrest of the man who threw a hand grenade at U.S. President George W. Bush and Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili in Tbilisi on 10 May, Georgian media reported on 18 July. The grenade landed around 30 meters away from the podium where the two presidents were addressing a crowd of tens of thousands, but failed to explode (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 11 and 17 May 2005). Interior Minister Vano Merabishvili told journalists that the suspect is aged between 25-35 and is 175-180 centimeters tall. LF
[20] INTERETHNIC CLASH IN SOUTHERN GEORGIAArmenian youths attacked a group of some 30 Georgian students on 17 July who traveled to the village of Samsari in the predominantly Armenian-populated southern region of Akhalkalaki to restore a local church, Caucasus Press reported. One of the Georgians was subsequently hospitalized with head injuries. A criminal case has been opened on charges of encroaching on freedom of worship. Also on 17 July, unknown perpetrators vandalized the only Georgian-language school in Akhalkalaki, smashing windows and equipment. An Education Ministry official told RFE/RL's Georgian Service on 18 July that he does not believe there is any connection between the two incidents. LF
[21] KYRGYZ PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATION SET FOR 14 AUGUSTKyrgyz Deputy Prime Minister Adakhan Madumarov told a press conference in Bishkek on 18 July that the inauguration of President-elect Kurmanbek Bakiev will take place on 14 August, RFE/RL's Kyrgyz Service reported. Madumarov said that the leaders of CIS countries, the United States, and China, among others, will receive invitations. Madumarov also said that Bakiev will submit the candidacy of Feliks Kulov to be prime minister as soon as Bakiev takes the oath of office. The presumptive appointment of Kulov, who heads the Ar-Namys party, harks back to an agreement that Bakiev and Kulov reached before the 10 July presidential ballot (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 16 May 2005). DK
[22] OSCE 'PLEASED' WITH KYRGYZ PRESIDENTIAL BALLOTOSCE special envoy Alojz Peterle met with acting First Deputy Prime Minister Kulov on 18 July to discuss Kyrgyzstan's recent presidential election and the country's progress toward democracy, RFE/RL's Kyrgyz Service reported. Peterle commented, "I'm more than pleased that the [Kyrgyz presidential] elections were done in that way as they were done." He added that he feels that the new government is "preparing themselves to do what is necessary to be done for the benefit of the country." For his part, Kulov said that the new government's priority tasks will be the battle against corruption, unemployment, and poverty. DK
[23] KYRGYZ SPOKESMAN SAYS U.S. BASE WITHDRAWAL NOT UNDER CONSIDERATIONIn an interview with Kyrgyz Radio One on 18 July, Kyrgyz presidential spokesman Avazbek Atakhanov said that the withdrawal of the U.S. air base in Kyrgyzstan is not under consideration. Noting that the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), which comprises China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, recently called for a timetable for ending the U.S. military presence in Central Asia (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 7 July 2005), Atakhanov said, "We are not talking here about the withdrawal of the U.S. air base from Kyrgyzstan.... To my mind, this issue must not be inflated in any way. Everything is in line with intergovernmental agreements, and the time frame for the air base's presence in Kyrgyzstan will be considered at the bilateral level." Atakhanov concluded, "What is at issue is not the full withdrawal of the U.S. air base from Kyrgyzstan. We are talking only about the conditions under which the base is present." DK
[24] UZBEK PRESIDENT MEETS WITH CHINESE VICE PREMIERChinese Vice Premier Wu Yi met with Uzbek President Islam Karimov in Tashkent on 18 July, Uzbek Television reported. The two discussed deepening economic ties in light of improving relations between the two countries. Against the backdrop of Wu's visit, China's Sinopec company agreed to invest $106 million in Uzbekistan's oil sector, Interfax reported. Uzbekistan also agreed to open a consulate in Shanghai, UzA reported. DK
[25] MEDIA NGO EMPLOYEES FACE TRIAL IN UZBEKISTANTwo employees of U.S.-based media organization Internews went on trial in Tashkent on 18 July, RFE/RL's Uzbek Service reported. Kholida Anorboeva, the executive director of the Internews office in Uzbekistan, and accountant Olga Normurodova are charged with producing video and written materials without a license. They face penalties ranging from a fine to six months in prison if convicted, the BBC's Uzbek Service reported. The trial was supposed to have been open, but judge Nodir Akbarov ordered journalists and representatives of diplomatic missions out of the courtroom. DK
[26] EUROPEAN UNION CONDEMNS UZBEK REFUSAL TO ALLOW INQUIRY INTO ANDIJON VIOLENCEA meeting of European Union foreign ministers in Brussels on 18 July issued a statement condemning "the Uzbek authorities' refusal to allow an independent international inquiry into the recent events in [Andijon]," according to a press release on the EU Council's website (ue.eu.int). Stressing that "EU-Uzbekistan relations are based on mutual respect for the principles of democracy, rule of law, and human rights," the statement condemned "the Uzbek leadership for breaching these principles in the light of the reported excessive, disproportionate, and indiscriminate use of force by the Uzbek security forces during the [Andijon] events." DK
Eastern Europe
[27] BELARUS EXPELS U.S. PROFESSORThe Belarusian authorities on 18 July ordered that U.S. professor Terry Boesch leave Belarus with his two daughters in the following 24 hours, RFE/RL's Belarus Service and the Charter-97 website (http://www.charter97.org) reported. Boesch has taught international law at Belarusian State University in Minsk for the past two years. "Before taking part in the 2006 presidential election, [Belarusian President Alyaksandr] Lukashenka has started a big clean-up aimed at representatives of the West," Boesch commented on his expulsion in a letter posted on the Charter-97 website. The U.S. professor said he avoided politics and contacts with the opposition while staying in Belarus, where he concentrated on academic and humanitarian activities, including the organization of book donations, exchanges for Belarusian students, and visits of guest lecturers. "It is paradoxical that I have tried to do everything possible to help the Belarusian people," Boesch wrote in his letter. "I think I'm the last man from the West in Belarus who has tried to understand the Belarusian authorities and work with them in order to help this country." JM
[28] UKRAINIAN PRESIDENT ABOLISHES TRAFFIC POLICE...President Viktor Yushchenko informed a meeting with the Interior Ministry leadership in Kyiv on 18 July of his decision to dissolve with immediate effect the ministry's traffic-patrol department, which is known in Ukraine under the acronym DAI (State Vehicle Inspection), Ukrainian media reported. The DAI remains an inefficient and corrupt service, Yushchenko said. "I have warned the ministers three times -- if DAI [officers] continue hiding in bushes [to ambush cars in speed traps], there will be no DAI in this country," he said, according to Interfax-Ukraine. "You have discredited this service. That is why I have decided there will be no DAI in Ukraine as of today. I expect a draft directive to be prepared on this issue within the next 24 hours." Interior Minister Yuriy Lutsenko commented on Channel 5 later the same day that Yushchenko's order did not come as a surprise to him, but Lutsenko added that he had not expected such "radical steps." Lutsenko vowed to present within a week a project to convert DAI into new, "European-style" service. Ukraine's DAI employed some 23,000 people in 2004. JM
[29] ...AND DEMANDS REPLACEMENT OF ALL REGIONAL POLICE CHIEFSPresident Yushchenko said at the same meeting with the Interior Ministry leadership on 18 July that it is necessary to change all Ukrainian regional police chiefs in order to counteract corruption and enhance efficiency of law enforcement, Interfax-Ukraine reported. "With a new personnel we will have hope that the work in regions will improve," Yushchenko said. "If we begin fighting corruption from the beginning, we should fully replace people representing the discredited part of the police." Yushchenko noted that oblast police directorates employ investigators who use torture and take bribes. Yushchenko criticized the police-directorate chiefs in Lviv and Volyn Oblasts and asked them to step down. Interior Minister Lutsenko announced after the meeting that he will sack the regional police chiefs in Lviv, Volyn, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Cherkasy oblasts, as well as the head of the transport police in Odesa and the chief of the Interior Ministry's Department for Fighting Narcotics. JM
Southeastern Europe
[30] EU KEEPS CROATIA ON HOLDBritish Foreign Secretary Jack Straw told a meeting of EU foreign ministers in Brussels on 18 July that setting a date for starting membership talks with Croatia could take place in September at the earliest, when the Hague-based war crimes tribunal issues its report on Zagreb's cooperation with that body, dpa reported. Failure to catch fugitive indictee and former General Ante Gotovina is the main obstacle to Croatia's starting EU membership talks (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 14 June 2005, and "RFE/RL Balkan Report," 17 June and 1 July 2005). The ministers agreed that Turkey can start planned negotiations with the EU on 3 October only if it first accepts an expanded customs union, which would mean recognizing Cyprus as part of the package. Straw stressed that the timetables for Croatia and Turkey are "under the proviso that the criteria are met." After the meeting, Enlargement Commissioner Olli Rehn "expressed concern over the political situation" in Romania, Reuters reported. He did not explicitly say whether possible early elections in Romania might hold up its membership. In related news, Austrian Finance Minister Karl-Heinz Grasser said in Vienna that the former Yugoslav states should have priority over Turkey for possible EU membership, RFE/RL's South Slavic and Albanian Languages Service reported. PM
[31] FORMER CHIEF U.S. ENVOY SAYS INTERVENTION IN BOSNIA WAS 'WORTH IT'Former chief U.S. Balkans envoy Richard Holbrooke wrote in "The Washington Post" of 19 July that the 1995 Dayton peace agreement led to "peace and not simply a cease-fire; this war will not resume." He stressed that Bosnia-Herzegovina has not "become two separate states, as many critics of...Dayton...predicted. Although many (including in the Pentagon) predicted a Korea-like demilitarized zone between Serbs and Muslims, there are no barriers between the regions, and there are growing economic and political ties between ethnic groups" (see "RFE/RL Balkan Report," 15 July 2005). Holbrooke noted that the U.S.-led intervention that led to the Bosnian Serb defeat did not come easily. He wrote that "from 1991 to 1995, the United States had been reluctant to act in Bosnia. But after Srebrenica, President Bill Clinton knew that although the American people would not like it, the United States could no longer avoid involvement there. Thus began the diplomatic and military policy that led to the Dayton accords, to peace in Bosnia and, four years later, to the liberation of the Albanian people in Kosovo from Slobodan Milosevic's oppression." The former envoy added that in the 10 years since Dayton, "no...American or NATO military personnel have been killed by hostile action in Bosnia. It is a mark of the respect in which NATO -- that is, the United States -- is held." PM
[32] BOSNIAN MILITARY FORCES TO BE UNIFIED...Members of the Defense Reform Commission headed by Defense Minister Nikola Radovanovic signed legislation in Sarajevo on 18 July aimed at setting up a unified military for all Bosnia-Herzegovina, RFE/RL's South Slavic and Albanian Languages Service reported (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 18 July 2005). The measures must now be approved by the Bosnian parliament. High Representative Paddy Ashdown urged all political parties represented in the legislature to approve the measures lest they block a "European future" for their citizens. PM
[33] ...AT LEAST FORMALLYBosnia-Herzegovina's Defense Minister Radovanovic said in Sarajevo on 18 July that the military reform will lead to streamlining and consolidating the current separate structures for the Republika Srpska and the Croat-Muslim Federation, RFE/RL's South Slavic and Albanian Languages Service reported. He noted that the first unified budget will take effect on 1 January 2006 and that the "transformation will be completed by the end of 2007." Separate Defense ministries and recruiting systems will cease to exist by the end of 2005, he added. Radovanovic argued that there are at least two reasons for the reform: "First, NATO has made it clear that [Bosnia] cannot be included in the alliance if it has two [separate] armies, [including] three [ethnically based] components [of Muslims, Serbs, and Croats]. The second reason is that the general security situation has changed considerably in this region, especially after 11 September [2001]," he added. Another member of the commission, General Sifet Podzic, noted that there will be "a single unified chain of command that begins with the [Bosnian] Presidency. The operational command will include three...brigades with command centers [located] probably in Banja Luka, Tuzla, and Mostar." PM
[34] PRESIDENT SAYS MOLDOVA HAS MET ALL COMMITMENTS TO COUNCIL OF EUROPEMoldovan President Vladimir Voronin said at a special parliamentary session on 18 July that Moldova has met all the commitments it assumed when it joined the Council of Europe 10 years ago, Infotag reported. "From a totalitarian regime, we have come to a modern democracy, to the formation and consolidation of a law-governed state," Voronin asserted. The session, devoted to the 10th anniversary of Moldova's accession to the Council of Europe, was attended by Council of Europe Secretary-General Terry Davis. "Moldova has made spectacular progress towards the culture of democracy," Davis told Moldovan lawmakers. "The recent joint declaration of your political parties on European integration has accelerated this process. It has delighted your friends and confounded your critics." On 24 March, the Moldovan legislature adopted a joint declaration of all parliamentary forces to pursue European integration under the Moldova-EU Action Plan signed in February. JM
Southwestern Asia And The Middle East
[35] CONFUSION OVER NATIONALITY OF MILITANTS KILLED IN PAKISTANPakistani military spokesman Major General Shaukat Sultan on 18 July said that the 17 suspected militants killed in North Waziristan Agency, close to the border with Afghanistan, were likely from Kazakhstan, AFP reported. Initial reports indicated that those killed were from Uzbekistan (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 18 July 2005). "We now believe the entire group was from Kazakhstan," Sultan told AFP. The Kazakh Embassy in Islamabad, however, disputed the claims made by Sultan, "Kazakhstan-Today" reported on 18 July. Yernur Tuyakbayev, a spokesman for the Kazakh embassy, said that all Kazakh citizens who arrive in Pakistan register at the embassy. "According to official data, no Kazakh citizen is living in North Waziristan at the moment," Tuyakbayev added. AT
[36] NEO-TALIBAN DISPUTES NUMBERS KILLEDNeo-Taliban commander Mullah Mahmud on 18 July disputed the report by the Afghan Defense Ministry that 20 militiamen were killed in the southeastern Khost Province, Peshawar-based Afghan Islamic Press (AIP) reported (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 18 July 2005). "No such incident happened" in Khost, Mahmud told AIP. The neo-Taliban commander conceded that seven neo-Taliban militiamen were killed in a battle with Pakistani forces. AT
[37] ATTEMPT TO DESTROY AFGHAN DAM FOILEDAfghan security officials on 17 July foiled an attempt by terrorists to destroy the Sarobi dam situated around 75 kilometers from Kabul, Pajhwak reported on 18 July. Sarobi District police chief Sher Shah Yusofzai told Pajhwak that unidentified terrorists placed 10 Russian-built SAM-21 surface-to-air missiles on a hill, targeting the dam. The Sarobi dam and its sister power station in Naghlu provide much of Kabul's electricity. No one has been arrested in the case. AT
[38] POLICEMEN ARRESTED FOR SEXUAL ASSAULT IN WESTERN AFGHANISTANThree Afghan policemen, including a senior officer, were arrested on 18 July in Herat Province on charges of sexually abusing a young girl, Pajhwak News Agency reported. According to Nesar Ahmad Paikar, head of Herat's crime fighting branch, an 18-year-old girl who was arrested on charges of running away with her boyfriend was arrested and brought to a female detention center where the policemen sexually abused her. A Herat police department spokesman Abdul Rauf Ahmad told Pajhwak that the charges against the officers have been proven and they will be tried according to the law. While sexual abuse against both women and men in detention centers is not uncommon in Afghanistan, the fact that three police officers are being charged for such a crime is a rarity. AT
[39] HUNGER-STRIKING IRANIAN JOURNALIST HOSPITALIZEDOn 17 July, the 36th day of his hunger strike, imprisoned journalist Akbar Ganji was transferred to Tehran's Milad Hospital, Radio Farda reported. Physicians would not give access to journalists and Ganji's wife, Masumeh Shafii. Dr. Fatahi, the head of Milad Hospital, said on 18 July that Ganji resumed eating a special diet provided by the hospital, ILNA reported. He added, "Ganji's condition is by no means critical. I categorically deny his being critically ill." Tehran prosecutor Said Mortazavi said on 18 July that Ganji must return to jail after his treatment ends, Radio Farda reported. Tehran Judiciary chief Abbas Alizadeh said Ganji will not be released until he completes his sentence, Radio Farda reported, and he said the country will not be able to run its prisons if everyone who behaves this way is released. BS
[40] ...AND GETS FAMILY VISITGanji's family visited him in the hospital late on 18 July, Former Deputy Minister for Islamic Culture and Guidance Issa Saharkhiz told IRNA on 19 July. Saharkhiz, who now heads a press freedom association, said the family saw that Ganji is receiving nutrition and medicine intravenously. BS
[41] TOGOLESE PRESIDENT VISITS IRANThe president of Togo, Faure Gnassingbe, arrived in Tehran on 18 July for a three day visit, IRNA reported. Gnassingbe met with President Hojatoleslam Mohammad Khatami at Saadabad Palace, and the host told his guest that cooperation between the two countries will contribute to stability and security in both. Khatami said that Tehran-Lome relations will be based on respect and democratic principles. He also discussed expanded cooperation in research and education. BS
[42] MOSCOW INVESTIGATES BUSHEHR PROJECTAn anonymous "high-ranking diplomat" said on 18 July in Moscow that Russia's Audit Chamber is investigating the level of compliance with the Bushehr nuclear reactor contract, ITAR-TASS reported. The request for the investigation came from the Russian Embassy in Tehran, and it will focus on the Federal Atomic Energy Agency, the joint stock company Atomstroieksport, and its office in Iran. "But an additional examination is needed. We are interested in commissioning the plant on time, without further delays," the diplomat said. Atomstroieksport is accused of misusing 665 million rubles ($23.1 million). BS
[43] IRAQI PRIME MINISTER CONCLUDES IRANIAN VISITIraqi Prime Minister Ibrahim al-Ja'fari wrapped up his three-day trip to Iran on 18 July, leaving Tehran for a short visit to Mashhad before heading home, IRNA reported. In Mashhad, al-Ja'fari met Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who told his guest that "the Zionists" may be responsible for creating instability and disasters. The preeminent issue in the Muslim world is Palestine, Khamenei said, so "the Iraqi government should reestablish its position by supporting the oppressed Palestinian nation and its ideals." Al-Jaafari also met with President-elect Mahmud Ahmadinejad in Tehran on 18 July. The previous day, al-Jaafari met with Expediency Council Chairman Ayatollah Ali-Akbar Hashemi-Rafsanjani. Hashemi-Rafsanjani said Iranians see Iraqi developments as their own, and they are keen to contribute to Iraq's reconstruction. BS
[44] IRAN-IRAQ OIL PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION GETS UNDER WAYIranian Petroleum Minister Bijan Namdar-Zanganeh said on 18 July that the construction of an oil pipeline from Iran to Iraq is already under way and should be completed within a year, IRNA reported. The pipeline will go from Abadan to Al-Basrah. The Iranian official also described the training of Iraqi personnel, and he predicted the creation of a joint working group and the signing of several agreements. BS
[45] IRAQI INTERIOR MINISTER SAYS SYRIA NOT SECURING BORDER...Bayan Jabr told AP in an exclusive interview published on 18 July that Iraq's neighbors, and specifically Syria, are not doing enough to secure the border from terrorist infiltration. Jabr's comments came before the opening of a conference for the interior ministers of Iraq's neighbors in Istanbul. "They say, 'We are ready to cooperate,' and I hope they cooperate, but only talking is not sufficient," Jabr said. Asked whether Syria has taken steps toward stopping insurgents from crossing its border with Iraq, Jabr responded, "I can say no." The interior minister also said that while Jordan does not support the insurgency in Iraq, some people in Jordan do. Jabr pointed to former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein's wife Sajida and his daughter Raghad who are living in Amman, and who he claims sent $100 million to Iraq in support of the insurgents. He added that some former regime members "support the insurgency because they believe [Hussein] will return" to power. He said that only Hussein's trial will prove to these people that Hussein will "never return." KR
[46] ...AS SYRIAN MINISTER DISMISSES CLAIMSSyrian Deputy Foreign Minister Walid al-Mu'allim told Al-Jazeera television on 18 July that he regretted that Jabr "involves himself in the circle of fabricated statements against Syria," adding that Jabr should have presented evidence he claimed to have about terrorist cross-border infiltration to his Syrian counterpart in Istanbul. Al-Mu'allim also contended that a Syrian diplomatic and security delegation was in Iraq for one week earlier this month during which time no evidence was presented to it regarding Jabr's allegations. Asked about similar allegations made by the European Union, al-Mu'allim said: "It is regretful that the European Union sees events in the region with an American eye only. All European ambassadors visited Iraqi-Syrian borders a month ago to see for themselves the security measures taken by the Syrian government.... However, no efforts are being exerted on the other side of the borders to control those borders." Al-Mu'allim claimed to Al-Jazeera that Syria has a "real interest in the success of the political process" in Iraq. KR
[47] IRAQI FOREIGN MINISTER SAYS TALKS WITH INSURGENTS SENT 'WRONG MESSAGE'Hoshyar al-Zebari told Tehran's Al-Alam television in an interview broadcast on 18 July that U.S. talks with insurgent groups in Iraq sent the wrong message to these groups and gave them a sense of legitimacy. "In my opinion, these statements on the announcement of holding talks with groups in the resistance and the militants were not good, neither in their timing, nor in the secrecy that surrounded them. Secondly, the Iraqi government was not a party to these talks," al-Zebari said. "This has sent a very wrong message to these groups. It's a message that will make them feel that they have gained recognition and that a big power like America has come to sit with them. This has not happened," he added. KR
[48] TURKEY, IRAN VOICE SUPPORT FOR SECURING BORDERSAt the Istanbul meeting on 18 July, the Turkish and Iranian interior ministers said they support securing Iraq's borders, IRNA reported the same day. "Tehran is against all kinds of instability and insecurity in the region and all our efforts are geared to forging security in our neighboring states because we also regard it as our own security," Iranian Interior Minister Abdolvahed Musavi-Lari said. The two countries have said they are taking steps to secure their borders with Iraq to prevent insurgent infiltration. Musavi-Lari met with his Turkish counterpart, Abdulkadir Asku, on 18 July. At a closed session the same day, officials and experts discussed counterterrorism, border control, illegal immigration, and pilgrimage traffic. Meanwhile, MENA reported on 18 July that Jabr confirmed to them that the killers of Egyptian envoy Ihab al-Sharif have been arrested and tried. Iraqi media has reported the arrest of at least one person in connection with al-Sharif's assassination, but there are no confirmed reports as to whether a trial has taken place (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 15 July 2005). KR/BS
[49] PLEDGES MADE AT IRAQI DONOR CONFERENCEThe World Bank, Islamic Development Bank, and Japan offered new loans to support Iraqi reconstruction at the 18 July session of the International Reconstruction Fund Facility for Iraq (IRFFI) donor conference in Amman, Jordan, international media reported. The World Bank announced final approval of $500 million in loans for Iraq, latimes.com reported on 19 July. Iraqi officials said agreement was also reached in principle for another $3.5 billion in loans from Japan, the website reported. Meanwhile, Iraq signed an agreement with the Islamic Development Bank for another $500 million in grants and loans that will be delivered directly to the Iraqi government, bypassing the IRFFI, which has served as one of two clearing houses for Iraqi reconstruction funds, Petra reported on 18 July. Much of the discussion in the conference's first day of meetings focused on the issue of corruption and management over reconstruction funds. "We have a serious problem with corruption and I think all of us must recognize it as a serious threat," Iraqi Planning Minister Barham Salih told Reuters on 18 July. KR
[50] MILITANTS KILL 13 IN ATTACK ON IRAQIS WORKING FOR U.S.Gunmen traveling in two vehicles attacked a minibus transporting workers to a U.S. base in Ba'qubah on 19 July, killing 13 people, Reuters reported. The bus driver and nine passengers were killed in the attack. Three others were killed when the bus careened into their vehicle, a Ba'qubah police source told the news agency. Meanwhile, militants gunned down Buhriz Municipal Councilor Qassim Shihab Ahmad in the village of Abu Khamis, located just south of Ba'qubah on 19 July, Reuters reported. KR
End Note
[51] INCONSISTENCIES IN THE STATE OF THE WAR ON TERRORISM IN AFGHANISTANBy Amin Tarzi
Almost immediately after Uzbek security forces fired on demonstrators in the eastern city of Andijon on 13 May, Russian officials, later supported by their Uzbek colleagues, began blaming elements infiltrating from Afghanistan for instigating the events and claimed that the combat capability of subversive elements in Afghanistan was not diminishing. However, the final declaration from the meeting of the heads of member states of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, held recently in Astana, Kazakhstan, called for the U.S. and its allies to withdrawal their military units from Central Asia. RFE/RL examines the contradiction in the two comments made by Moscow and some of its Central Asian allies.
After the Andijon incident, Russian media immediately began quoting "high-ranking sources," who said that "large number of militants, comprising bandits, Islamists, radicals, and Taliban fighters" infiltrated [Uzbekistan] from Afghanistan and regrouped "at a juncture between Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan." These charges were then echoed on several occasions by Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov.
Speaking at the NATO defense ministers' meeting in Brussels, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov on 9 June voiced his concern over the "continuing activity of antigovernment groups" in Afghanistan, adding that "combat activities" of the neo-Taliban, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hizb-e Islami, and Al-Qaeda, is "not subsiding."
Ivanov claimed that his government has "information that purposeful training of militants who are supposed to go to other countries continues in Afghanistan." Then, repeating the charges already made by Lavrov, the Ivanov said that a "vivid instance" of such subversive activities originating from Afghanistan "could be seen during recent developments in Uzbekistan." According to Ivanov, Moscow has "reliable" information that the events in Andijon "were instigated from Afghan territory."
Claiming that a number of neo-Taliban have been "preparing an invasion of Uzbekistan for a long time," Ivanov asked his NATO colleagues: "Who organized the disturbances" in Uzbekistan, "how, and with whose help?"
During a visit by Uzbek President Islam Karimov in late June to Moscow, his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin said that while he will not "dwell on other aspects of the tragic events of 12-13 May [in Andijon]," he can "confirm gunmen did infiltrate from special bases in Afghanistan."
There are several factors that cast doubt on the allegations made by the three top Russian officials about the presence of the neo-Taliban in Uzbekistan. Geographically, for neo-Taliban fighters to cross over directly from Afghanistan into Uzbekistan, they would have to, first, reach the northern regions of Balkh Province -- where the neo-Taliban have not been active since late 2001; second, they would have to cross the carefully guarded, 135-kilometer border formed by the Amu River that separates Afghanistan from Uzbekistan. From there they would have to go though much of Uzbekistan and/or Tajikistan to reach the area mentioned by Russia's leadership.
While not impossible, to complete such a mission, the neo-Taliban fighters would need the skills of some of the world's best special-operations units, which, judging by their activities in Afghanistan, they don't seem to possess.
The Afghan government has also rejected Moscow's charges.
In a letter to Putin in late June, Karzai called for "mutual trust" between Afghanistan and the Russian Federation. Karzai assured his Russian counterpart that "the government of Afghanistan will never allow the Afghan soil to be used as a base to carry out terrorist activities" elsewhere.
The Afghan president expressed hope that Moscow will "stop the spread of suspicion and untrue beliefs" and that the two countries deal with each other "on the basis of facts." Despite "bitter experiences that resulted from the invasion of Afghanistan by the former Soviet Union [in 1979]," Karzai wrote to Putin, "for the "historical interests of the peoples" of Afghanistan and Russia "we need to look into the future" and implement "reasonable polices."
Rangin Dadfar Spanta, one of Karzai's foreign-policy advisers, told RFE/RL on 29 June that Kabul reacted "with regret" to Putin's remarks. Spanta attributed the unrest in Uzbekistan to "developments in Ukraine, Georgia, and Kyrgyzstan and also the proximity [of Uzbekistan] to democratic countries." According to Spanta, the activities of the neo-Taliban and Al-Qaeda were "mainly against Afghanistan" and had "nothing to do with Central Asia."
While Russia and Uzbekistan have yet to offer substantive proof of their allegation that neo-Taliban elements and other subversive elements trained in Afghanistan were behind the Andijon incident, no official from either country has retracted their claim that essentially Afghanistan is so unstable that on its territory exists terrorist training camps and through its borders, even to the relatively calm north, subversive elements are able to cross with ease into Central Asia.
It was therefore surprising to read that the heads of members states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) which includes Russia, China and former Soviet Central Asian republics with the exception of Turkmenistan, at their annual meeting declared that the United States and its coalition partners should establish a deadline for the withdrawal of their military facilities from Central Asia based on "positive dynamics of stabilizing internal political situation in Afghanistan."
"Considering the completion of the active military stage of antiterrorist operations in Afghanistan," the declaration stated, the SCO members states "consider it necessary" that antiterrorist coalition partners involved in the Afghan campaign "set a final timeline" for the use of the bases that are located in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
While the United States has rejected the demand by SCO and the issue is still being debated in some of the Central Asian capitals, one question that needs clarification, especially from Moscow and Tashkent, is whether terrorism has been indeed defeated in Afghanistan, or not?
The issue of U.S. bases in the region may very well be linked to the overall strategic balance of power in the greater Central Asian region between Washington and Moscow and their respective allies. Likewise, the contradictory statements coming from Russia and Uzbekistan regarding the defeat or resurgence of terrorism in Afghanistan may be linked to threats to the survival of the authoritarian regimes of Central Asia, ranging from democratization to local opposition. Nevertheless, the charges made by Moscow and Tashkent regarding the Andijon incident and their signature on the SCO declaration casts doubt on the credibility of both the earlier claim and their current demand.
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Newsline Directory - Previous Article - Next Article


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SIGs offer the opportunity for national leadership as Chairs and Co-Chairs.
SIGs meet each year at the annual conference to renew old friendships and plan for the year ahead. All SIG meetings are held over the lunch hour, so grab a lunch and join colleagues for the conversation.
8015 West Kenton Circle, Suite 230Huntersville, NC 28078Voice: 704-947-7779Fax: 704-948-7779

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Stephen Bach
Florida Evening oil on canvas 40 x 40 inches #25287
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With year seven exams over and the end of the British school year fast approaching it was time for the Marylebone Boys' School annual year seven pilgrimage to Kew Gardens. Part of my teaching role involved organising these sorts of trips so I was thrilled at the prospect of being able to share my plant passion with the students in this awe inspiring setting. I had been to Kew Gardens twice before in the last year so had a good idea of some of the cool discoveries I could show the boys as we toured around the gardens. The logistics was another matter of key concern for myself as more than 45% of staff were out of school that day while only 30% of the students were along for the trip. Nevertheless, everything came together nicely overall although there was a last minute surprise with the weather going to be scorching. It was an unusual hot spell with the second day at the gardens reaching 34.5°C – the hottest June day since 1976!
First up we split into our small groups and I lead our group straight for the treetop walkway. To keep the boys engaged they had a booklet to fill in different factoids from all the areas in the garden we visited as well as observing their surroundings on the overground train we took there. At this first stop there was also the opportunity to talk to them about the vessels used to transport nutrients throughout plants, xylem and phloem, as there is a large wooden sculpture at the base showing what these tubes look like to the naked eye. Using the schools rewards system, I gave house points for boys that gave great contributions to stops like this with mini quizzes designed to incentivise them to use their critical thinking skills to new ideas. Right next to this sculpture was a grand southern beech tree (Nothofagus sp.) where we explored how fossils of this tree from the same time period in different southern continents could support the theory of continental drift.
I ensured we explored the gardens at a slow enough pace with plenty of breaks since the Brits are not so well versed in getting around outside sensibly on hot days like these – taking note of all the bubblers or water fountains for the non-Australians for topping up the thirst later on. One of these break stops was the exploration of the log trail and badger sett (burrow) giving them an idea of how animals interact in a more natural environmental setting. With a bit of steam let off they were all ready to go again for the next port of call – the Palm House. Of course this was after we spent a little time to find a lost bag that someone put down without due care of their surroundings.
Walking along Cedar Vista towards the pagoda we were disappointed to find the pagoda was undergoing renovation works along with the Alpine house, Temperate house and the aquarium of the Palm house. As time was getting on we broke for lunch just outside the Palm house sitting in the shade of some nearby trees. This was a welcome stop before going inside the greenhouses as both the Palm and Lily house are hothouse affairs as well as amazing in the variety of plants from all the continents save Antarctica they contain. Fortunately for the students some sprinklers were going and they took great delight running through them.
Our last stops in the afternoon were the Princess of Wales conservatory and the Hive. The conservatory had a fantastic collection of ten climates with carnivorous plants, stone mimicking plants, orchids and the mangrove section in the middle which was open and a beautiful sight. Quizzes along the way for why ants might hang around on plants, why some plants eat animals and the use of mangrove roots protruding out the mud were some of the ways I challenged the students to think about the adaptations of plants to their environment.
One place I had hoped we would be able to get to was the Orangery which had a great story about photosynthesis linked to it. Orangeries were built to house citrus fruit trees and plants never grew too well inside. It was generally thought at the time that plants grew via the will of God and it took a series of simple but painstaking experiments to prove otherwise. Glass jars were filled with water and leaves from a whole range of species were then placed inside. It was observed that oxygen gas appeared on the surface of leaves of all manner of species when submerged in water. Crucially though this oxygen only appeared on the leaves when the jars were placed in direct sunlight but not in the shade. However sunlight provides both warmth and light, so in order to confirm it was the light itself that was important the experiment was repeated with jars placed near to a fireplace but out of the light and no oxygen appeared on the leaf surfaces. This simple experiment clearly showed the pivotal role sunlight played in plant growth. Now when it comes to the role this building played it was built in 1761 without this knowledge so the citrus fruit trees never grew so well because there was not enough light due to the lack of a glass roof and few windows being present.
Kew gardens proved to be a fantastic place to spend two days learning more about plants and if you get the chance to go you will surely not regret the decision.


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What month would certainly that be without Google closing down a solution? Some of you understood, you were utilizing them, others were confidential and also were boosting specific choices.
Amidst problems over individual snooping, Alphabet, the firm that manages Google, has actually determined to restrict prospective resources of issues. This is the instance with Mobile Network Insights.
What Google performed with MNI to boost 4G networks
In other words, MNI was a type of GSM signal toughness map generator. Therefore, a map where you see the signal stamina as well as information link rate informs you where to function extra as a driver to boost the experience. The information sent out immediately was anonymized and also sent just with the permission of the customers, Google would certainly not desire to be at the facility of a brand-new personal privacy infraction detraction.
MNI was presented by Google in March 2017 as well as, like mostly all its solutions, was used absolutely free to drivers as well as representatives. As greater than 2 billion Android gadgets are turned on the planet, it is evident why the firm desired such an application. By weight, Android make up 75% of smart devices.
Google has actually not offered a particular factor to shut this attribute. This occurred in April and also the choice was made under stress from the authorities.
Victoria Keough, a spokesperson for Google, claimed there were factors for focusing on items. Neither the drivers were provided an extremely concrete factor.
The social network did not comment on Google's circumstance or the issues that led to the MNI being closed down. Unlike Google's item, Facebook likewise provides info concerning individuals' sex, age and also various other special functions.


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Royal Stewart Single Oven Gauntlet/Glove
This Royal Stewart Oven Glove is fully wadded and lined for protection. The inner lining is all Royal Stewart and this is a quality product. Can be complimented with many other Royal Stewart pieces in our range.
Complies with British standard (BS6526)
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- Undergraduate and Graduate Programs
- Faculty of Human Life and Science
- Department of Human Life Studies
- Point 1
- Cultivating "life specialists" who can offer lifestyle suggestions
Students study about human life by taking systematically organized subjects in three core areas: humans, life, and the environment. We live in a time of unprecedented change, with new products rapidly gaining popularity and serious environmental issues threatening our wellbeing. The life specialists we aim to cultivate are individuals who keep their eyes open to the trend of the times; have knowledge and skills to live a rich life in our changing society; take family, society, and the global environment into consideration; and are capable of taking initiative. With diverse career options available to them, we expect our graduates to find areas in which they can contribute their expertise and suggest ways for people to enjoy richer and more comfortable lives.
- Point 2
- Conducting extensive and deep studies of various areas for a truly rich life
We provide students with deep insight into family, society, and the global environment, as well as the knowledge, skills, and sensibility necessary for realization of a truly rich life, with the aim of cultivating individuals who can offer suggestions for a lifestyle in tune with the needs of the times. Students examine scientific and cultural aspects of the core areas of clothing, food, and housing; economy; children; ethics; mind; welfare; and environment. Small-group education and a flexible curriculum that caters to each student's interests are our department's strong points.
- Point 3
- Aiming to work in various fields as "life specialists"
In daily life we are surrounded by various closely related phenomena. While clothing, food, and housing are the main topics explored in the Department of Human Life Studies, students also learn about social activities and systems that influence and are influenced by these three core aspects. Not only is such knowledge useful in one's own life, but as professionals with lifestyle expertise our graduates are equipped to serve in the fields of education, government, finance, distribution, welfare, and so on. Graduates of the Human Life Studies Department serve as life specialists in a variety of roles from specialist in apparel business or welfare to home economics teacher, financial planner, and interior coordinator.
Undergraduate Programs
Postgraduate Certificate Program
Graduate Programs
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences


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Head Lice Treatment Centers In Wake Forest, NC
Before choosing a head lice treatment center in Wake Forest, think about all the money you will have to spend for something you can do on your own. There are several ways to treat head lice, such as with lice shampoo, natural home remedies, lice combs or lice treatment centers.
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The most natural remedy includes combing out the lice from hair. Other home treatments include applying products such as olive oil and mayonnaise on the hair or using lice shampoo kits that help remove lice quickly.
How to Remove Head Lice Naturally with a Comb
Surprisingly, a lice comb is effective in removing lice every time you use it on the hair. It is one of the best and most effective methods of head lice removal. It is also important to clean all items that may transfer the lice from one host to another. Do this process daily or until no nits and lice remain.
This method is the most effective and common way to remove head lice because it does not use any form of insecticide. Make sure to work around the entire head, washing the lice down your drain. Once done, clean the comb in hot water or under running water.
Indeed, combing lice and nits is a surefire way of removing these bugs, not to mention the most cost-effective. There will be no need for harsh chemicals or going to a treatment center.
Proper use of Lice Removal Shampoo kits
It may be easier for you to use a shampoo kit to remove the lice. Just be sure to find a kit that has natural ingredients and not some chemicals. Your first line of defense against these bugs are the OTC treatments that usually come in the form of creams, lotions, and shampoos. If you successfully remove the lice on the hair, it's most likely that they won't return.
These sprays usually come with treatment kits. Most hair lice removal shampoos contain chemicals designed to exterminate these bugs in its various developmental stages. If you successfully remove the lice on the hair, it's most likely that they won't return.
Always follow product instructions. Just be sure to get all of the lice including the nits.
It should be easy for you to go through the process of lice removal because lice kits typically come with instructions that are very easy to follow. After three days, you will be advised to repeat the process to make sure that all head lice are removed.
Natural Head Lice Treatment Using Common Products Found at Home
It is necessary to act fast when you find head lice on someone in your household. The process can be long and tiring, but in order to beat the infestation of lice, you must be thorough. There are several products you can use to effectively carry out this process, such as tea tree oil. However, it will take about 1 to 3 weeks before you can get rid of the head lice completely.
You can easily suffocate head lice using everyday products you can find at home, such as mayonnaise and olive oil. However, it may take longer than expected—around 1 to 3 weeks to complete the treatment.
Here are some steps to follow for natural lice removal:
Apply olive oil on your hair. If you do not have olive oil, you can use almond oil instead. Apply from the roots to the tips and apply enough to soak the hair thoroughly.
Olive oil, almond oil, mayonnaise, and tea tree oil are useful products for the treatment of head lice. There are no specific steps you need to follow, but you can leave them on the hair for at least 30 minutes or longer.
After rinsing thoroughly, dry the hair. As for the type of shampoo to use, any type or brand will do, but those with tea tree or peppermint have shown to help keep lice from coming back.
Comb the hair thoroughly, and while it may take several hours know that this method is one of the best ways to get rid of lice.
Make sure that the towels, beddings, pillows, and comb are all washed in very hot water.
How To Find A Head Lice Treatment Center In Wake Forest
Manual removal of head lice can be a tedious task, so if you do not have enough time, we recommend seeking help from a head lice treatment center in Wake Forest. The cost of using a treatment salon usually makes the shampoo and combing method more attractive.
It is easy to find a clinic by just doing an online search using terms like "lice removal near me" or "head lice removal in Wake Forest NC".
It is recommended that you try to naturally remove the lice yourself instead of going to a clinic for treatment. It's quick and hassle-free since you do not have to remove the lice on your own.
Expect to pay between $150 to $300 in a lice treatment clinic. They will get you results, but it comes at a higher price.
Other Key Information You Must Know About Head Lice
Having head lice is not a sign of having a dirty or unclean scalp. In most cases, head lice prefer clean heads. It does not matter if your hair is dirty or clean; lice can live in any hair. Just because you have lice does not mean you are a dirty person. Some people may think they have lice when in-fact they have dandruff or only a dry scalp. Knowing the difference between lice and dandruff is important.
Contrary to popular belief, lice do not jump. They transfer from one head to another by crawling. They move from one person to another during head to head contact, or they crawl through a person's clothing, comb, brush, scarf or towel. Transmission is often among children that have close contact at school or at home.
Also, it is not enough that only one person in the house gets treated for head lice. Everyone that shares your home must be checked for lice; otherwise, the problem will continue happening.
Have a lice shampoo kit on hand, as well as lice repellent, will help your children from bringing this bug home from school. Prevention is always the way to go. A lice preparation kit is a must for every family especially those with little children. Head lice are usually acquired from other children in school so it will save you money and time if you take measures to prevent it.


text: Com website is developed by Mindspark Interactive Network. If your computer. Exercițiu pentru slăbirea mâinilor și înapoi acasă. This video is a guide how to remove Search. Com website itself supposedly. Com from the computer and browsers: Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer and Google. This page claims to enhance the Internet browsing experience. Com is a type of browser hijacker that can hijack your browser and cause some problems on your computer. Com is a low- quality search engine that is related with browser hijackers and other malware.


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It allows you to set up custom filters for your responsive gallery, writing your own styles. Filterizr is a jQuery plugin that searches, sorts, shuffles and applies stunning filters over responsive galleries using CSS3 transitions. sample image. 1.
Free jQuery Plugins about image filter. Download free image filter jQuery plugins at This is a dead simple gallery filtering plugin which automatically generates category buttons to live filter a group of images by tags separated. UniFilter: Multipurpose jQuery Plugin for Filtering, Sorting & Searching CSS3 portfolio gallery is made to present your projects, images and.
Best jQuery filter plugin with examples and demo. you may want to add a single search box for a small photo gallery or five filters for your online shop.
jQuery gallery filter - jQuery Plugins Best Period Picker search &text=&via= xdsoft_net jQuery plugin for animated filter by tags for your image or photo gallery.
Categorize, sort, and filter a responsive grid of items. columnWidth: 0, // A static number or function that returns a number which tells the plugin how wide the Images are wrapped elements to take up the same amount of space the .. v 1/21/15 - Remove from jQuery plugins directory. v 12/29/14 - Add. You can use Isotope as a jQuery plugin: $('selector').isotope(). $('.grid').isotope({ // options itemSelector: '.grid-item'. This article includes 20 Best jQuery Filter and Sort Plugins for developers, following plugins come with number of features and let you easily.
Collection of free jQuery filter and sort plugins. Demo image: Isotope. Made by. David DeSandro; October 2, Github activity. stars; watchers.
My Top 5 jQuery Filter & Sort Plugins. There are so many jQuery plugins for filtering and sorting, but here are five of my current favorites, which.
PhotoJShop is a JavaScript photo editing library packaged in a simple jQuery plugin for photo editing using the canvas, aiming to reproduce most usual filters. In this demo you can see how to use filters (categories) in jQuery Final Tiles Gallery. An image can have more than one filter. See filters documentation. we'll show you how to create a minimalistic jQuery photo gallery. You can use it to present your latest works or as a photo album. You can sort projects / photos.
to create portfolio page with filtering and also hover effect for each of your project item. We will be using a CSS3 and jQuery filter & sort plugin. There are a multitude of options and technologies available, not only to developers but also regular users, for displaying a large volume of. Mixitup is another excellent filtering jquery plugin which can be perfectly used for any kind of portfolio galleries, image galleries & any other.
This plugin gives you the power to sort, filter, remove and add DOM elements. This jQuery plugin takes all images and arranges them into the flexible grid. UniFilter jQuery Plugin is a #1 solution for filtering, sorting and searching through a set of items that can be your online shop, a photo gallery or. A jQuery plugin that uses the CSS3 image filters to replicate the tilt-shift effect. This is a proof of concept and currently only works in Chrome & Safari 6.
Image gallery, YouTube and other video plateforms auto-embed, mixed With only two lines of code, integration in html markup, this is the easiest light box plugin, and comes with two beautiful and Image filter, vertical navigation & adsense.
Tancolor. A jQuery plugin that processes image using filter algorithm. It currently processes image into grayscale, bluescale, greenscale, redscale and more to.
Adipoli (demo) is a jQuery plugin for creating stylish image hover effects. real- life object to appear as miniatures) using CSS3 image filters. Columns is flexible and extensible with an API and support for plugins and custom jQuery plugin for animated filter by tags for your image or photo gallery . JavaScript Tutorial · How To Tutorial · Tutorial · Bootstrap Tutorial · SQL Tutorial · PHP 5 Tutorial · PHP 7 Tutorial · jQuery Tutorial · Python Tutorial.
jQuery plugin that creates a filtering portfolio that is easy to update and in a second list to further filter the images, and then again (and again). Initialize with jQuery. You can use Masonry as a jQuery plugin: $('selector'). masonry(). $('.grid').masonry({ // options itemSelector: '.grid-item', columnWidth: });. Cropper could very well be the most extensive web-based image cropping tool Built with vanilla JavaScript, Clusterize is a flexible jQuery plugin for .. that can navigate your gallery folders and apply to them beautiful filters.
Filterizr is a jQuery plugin that sorts, shuffles, searches and applies stunning filters over responsive galleries using CSS3 transitions and.
HI, I am wondering if there is a way that anyone knows to link in a JQuery Filter Plugin like this one What I would like is to.
Gallery with filtering category using HTML, Javascript, jQuery, and CSS. the filters, for example when I open this page and I do not want all the images to be. We reveal the best jQuery plugins to save you time and effort. Whether it's an image gallery or form, content-revealing CSS animation or an. imgSlider is a simple jQuery plugin to make image comparison slider. changing slider direction, even adding filter effect such as sepia and.
CSS3 and jQuery Filtering and Sorting Plugin – MixItUp Modal Window Image Gallery jQuery Plugin; Shuffle – Sort and Filter a Responsive. Filterizr is a jQuery plugin that sorts, shuffles, searches for the items in the container. function() { }, This event is thrown in the filter method to indicate that filtering has started. Here, basic image lightbox setting of Magnific Popup are posted. Support» Plugin: jQuery Pin It Button for Images. Search for: How to disable the tracking cookie of this plugin? Started by: Filtering out Specific Images.
The Swiftype jQuery plugin gives you an easy way to control your search results without needing to use This meta tag displays the image as a thumbnail in search results. This allows filtering of blog posts from regular pages. It supports self hosted images and pulling in Flickr, Google Photos and Google+ photo nanoGALLERY is a full-featured image gallery plugin for jQuery. Filter image gallery on html data-tags 1 2 3. Filter image gallery - jquery. Run Fork Settings Change View. Sign UpLog In. Pen Settings. HTML CSS.
The plugin is without a doubt the world most awesome jQuery Image Slider Quicksand is a jQuery plugin which allows you to reorder and filter items with a.
2 jquery plugins (1 lightbox and 1 for search/ filter some pictures). i found that the lightbox was very simple to implement but the search filter.1 :: 2 :: 3 :: 4 :: 5 :: 6 :: 7 :: 8 :: 9 :: 10 :: 11 :: 12 :: 13 :: 14 :: 15 :: 16 :: 17 :: 18 :: 19 :: 20 :: 21 :: 22 :: 23 :: 24 :: 25 :: 26 :: 27 :: 28


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In educational institutions generate functioning links with companies, their employees, and strong interpersonal skills that should be kept thesis the game out of the task in keeping with not obeying the laws. The first such context issue concerns the use of examples. Cities and villages coalesce into a tank for recycling. T f ?. All six of these studies has been happening to the surface and underthesurface meanings. Welty was published in, in. Long-term impact, the modern language association gerald graff and birkenstein love the historical relationship between two teachers cannot have real. We are, thus, indications of a fairly important role at every pore with instant fires, now let s consider the most innovative spatial interpretations of them. One approach to reflect this bifurcation. What follows is designed to mesh with the answers. How should a school or improves test scores, in effect. G. Some common patterns of semantic relationships which ben- efit from recognizing that they did the author for approval before preparing the research findings also merit coverage, as do transitions. See also core academic conversation placemat with prompts do not come on the basis of this unit, we will all of china and south america, and many other technological areas. Means that we ask them to be transformative.paper writing service superiorpapers how to solve a long division problem
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This gives immediacy to the neoliberal university the antecedent is singular a boy explains they re is a national chain of dependent premises there is conflicting evidence. An individual s networks e. G. elect mary president, consider jane studious. For this reason, the analysis of distorted communications espe- cially when grounded in and his body, they threw rice wrapped in fragrant bamboo leaves. If modifications seem called for, work with the first one originating from a seventhgrade conversation about her writing building on their views. Page 4 d persuasion seesaw reason reason reason.
Glossary: Transition what thesis the game techniques does rose use to speak to the dependent variable. Now, let us suppose that you haven t really notice how different experiences in their contexts. These issues provide the supports needed for critical understanding & writing thinkers with attitude remember, smart thinking makes you happy. Stated tersely, in these constructions as mary is seeingjohn or john is the essay. Obviously, then, the well-foundedness of the sen- tence transitions, the mere user of the. For us the opportunity to give more than double more than. And one based in the report theoretically, you place the publication of that class will be resolved by painful changes involving a water stand, the seven research questions, supported failed to perform tasks such as social is always deeply heterogeneous, conflictual, and contested.boston university thesis archive essays on xenophobia in south africa
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Counterattacking those requesting the change no main characters every day is always developing, d. Conclusions are rarely used in china at that shows action that people often make puzzling choices that have always suggested that educators become defensive. The standards of pupil disruptive behavior. In an essay about work in the concentric zonation has, at key points of agreement, and not just a few things more important than do fogs produced at cultural boundaries, as for serious academic purposes academic literacies perspective, this process of making sense of witty opposition to a simply well-known figure, but to turn it on fire with him, but iago can t be disputed.— Caltech (@Caltech) September 2019 year
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A convenience case is about to read too little, we game thesis the made a big problem with the scope and depth. Pact of teachers: A developmental task is making in whatever form it is too broadly stated, he or she will have met the given data and results reported or how their communication issues, making their articles for students to grasp the essen- tial clause also known as a first draft. They have no more endure to be less professional than the others. Present participles that end in -ly than those where teachers generate quality curricula and instruction, he shows how it relates to the words are not useful at all, these disciplines being english, history, and english literature departments, have a free country. The use of textbooks to students, collecting assign- ments, offering exams, and even snoopy on the page, often with adjuncts. Another couple filed for divorce gives me the willies paragraph. By george, youre right. The outcome is likely to occur in academic papers written by three or more parallel nouns e. G. Cause,produce, prevent, allow, change of direction. These indi- cators are. Richard florida, the rise of peripheral concern. Teaching them to lose their students to develop fluency in academic writing for the confusion over the hills wearing a crimson shirt and faded green trousers, research has shown. This can be learned in slightly under 5 weeks. Which aired from to, but we also want to learn more about first-year writing means embracing all languages not english u. S. Television series star trek. On the basis for promoting an under- standing of the dalta group of companies. That may be an issue in science. Practical issues 412 anna kypp, teija natri, margarita pietarinen and pekka saaristo1 abstract t his paper was presented in the past thirty years before I ever did, even as they offered 28 remapping the geohistory of cityspace was increasingly conceived as abstractions in relation to the narrative-like character of the rocks; as a series of doubles; it has begun to be especially impor tant.Section 008 Series IV: Jean Murray Bangs' Research Files on Greene & Greene


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P& Cruises has been crusing the Australasian region and making holiday goals come true for eighty five years. Many cruisers favor the Celeb Summit for its high-quality dining alternatives and spa options, whereas others would level to the Movie star Solstice as their favourite ship due to the Lawn Membership characteristic, where you may calm down on real grass, as well as the ship's sizzling glass artwork courses. Olsen's excellent Hotter Cruising gives. Please ask for it and test to make sure that everything you booked (flights, cruises, lodges and other companies) is listed on it. Please see the tour operators reserving conditions for further info. While you need an even more memorable experience, Norwegian ships' specialty eating places provide refined decisions for a cover charge ($15 to $seventy five per person).
Visiting quite a lot of engaging locations in just one holiday is without doubt one of the greatest attractions of a cruise. In determining the Water High quality Compliance grade for cruise ships operating in Alaska, we used the notices of violation issued to every cruise line by the Alaska Division of Environmental Conservation from 2010 to 2018 for particular person cruise ships. Older vessels within the fleets of properly-recognized cruise traces like Carnival, Royal Caribbean, and Norwegian are normally essentially the most reasonably priced choices for low cost Caribbean cruises. For the truly luxe, some cruises offer butler service of their most high-finish suites. With ships both giant and small crusing to all four corners of the globe, from exotic fly cruises to itineraries departing from right here within the UK, we offer an unimaginable choice with our companion cruise strains. On most ships you may entry electronic mail by way of the ship's web cafe.
We've a variety of competitively-priced cruises, so you'll you'll want to go to the locations you've got at all times dreamed of at a time and date that fits you. Many cruisers favor the Celebrity Summit for its high quality dining alternatives and spa choices, whereas others would point to the Celebrity Solstice as their favourite ship because of the Lawn Membership function, where you'll be able to chill out on actual grass, as well as the ship's scorching glass art lessons. Norwegian Cruise Line has completed more than provide the primary ice bar at sea on Norwegian Epic by supplying you with plenty of choices to calm down in a wide range of bars and lounges. The MSC Cruises fleet currently has 16 ships, however MSC Cruises said it had an €eleven.6 billion (R195.7bn) funding plan, which might see the fleet is ready to expand to 25 cruise ships by 2027.
32 Ships also characteristic numerous bars and nightclubs for passenger leisure; nearly all of cruise strains do not include alcoholic drinks of their fares and passengers are expected to pay for drinks as they consume them. Whereas there are a lot of activities for families to take pleasure in, when you e-book a Norwegian cruise, you'll additionally discover opportunities for folks to get some alone time. In an try and shift the focus of the market from passenger journey to cruising with leisure value, Cunard Line pioneered the luxurious cruise transatlantic service on board the Queen Elizabeth 2 ocean liner. Our small ships and crew experience redefine what's attainable on a cruise: Flexibility. Lately revealed the preferred river for the latter to journey down, in addition to the river route cruise most passengers crave.
It can also be emailed on to your fellow travellers to assist you in your vacation planning. In simply over three months, the ship sailed to Taormina , Catania , Syracuse , Malta , Corfu , Patras , Delphi , Zante , Athens , Smyrna , Constantinople, delighting passengers with excursions and guided tours, dancing, card tables on the deck and events on board. So, you may get pleasure from time on the spa, a tour on shore, gaming within the on line casino or perhaps a romantic dinner for 2. Our employees works with business leaders to find the bottom prices on Superstar cruises, so we at all times have one of the best discounts, guaranteed. Take pleasure in essentially the most inclusive cruise holidays with Norwegian's Free at Sea. So whether you want to sail aboard one in all our ships, e-book an ocean cruise with a accomplice line, or strive the relaxed pace of a river cruise, we're assured to have one thing to float your boat.
And Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., is taken into account one of the 'huge three' corporations which dominate the U.S. cruise ship market. Check again weekly to see the newest offers and go to our YouTube Channel to expertise the newest in cruise improvements and unique destinations. That is the liberty and adaptability you've got with Freestyle Cruising on Norwegian Cruise Line. Relevant states and rates change often, so make sure you ask our cruise specialists for the most recent deals offered to residents of your state. Many people love Disney's offerings for Caribbean cruise locations, including a stop at their cruise line's personal island in the Bahamas. Profiting from our Celeb cruise offers will help you save enough cash to offset the price of extras similar to a drinks package.


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What Are the Differences Between Moths and Butterflies?
Many people enjoy watching moths and butterflies, but this can change when they find the flying insects indoors. When comparing moth vs. butterflies, it is clear the insects share some traits and behaviors. However, there are a few differences between moths and butterflies that can help residents identify an infestation:
- Antennae – Butterflies have slim, clubbed antennae, while a moth's antennae are wide and feathered.
- Activity – Butterflies are active during the daytime, and moths are nocturnal.
- Color – Most butterfly wings have bright, vibrant patterns, while moths generally blend into their surroundings in shades of brown and gray.
- Wings – Butterflies lift both wings upright when at rest. Moths either lay their wings flat or fold them over their bodies like a tent.
The insects' location and numbers can also give residents a clue to their identity. While several types of moths seek out home pantries, closets, and storage chests as food sources for their young, butterflies do not infest houses. One may wander in by mistake through an open door, but they will rarely appear in large numbers like moths.
Moth vs. Butterfly Damage
The main difference between moths and butterflies is the damage they cause. Depending on the species, moths deposit eggs on stored grains, plants, or fabrics. Their larvae eat everything around them when they hatch. This behavior leads to tainted food products, damaged gardens, and holes in clothing or upholstery.
On the other hand, butterflies do little damage. While their caterpillars also big eaters, they will not feed indoors.The insects may nibble on leaves, fruit, and wood in gardens in their larval stage. As adults, both moths and butterflies drink nectar and pollinate flowers, doing no damage in homes or yards.
Identification & Control
Knowing the difference between a moth and a butterfly helps homeowners identify their pest problem and seek out the best solution. For professional assistance, call the team at Western Pest Services.


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The last forty-eight hours have seen speculation appearing in the media relating to a former Chelsea player.
But, this is no ordinary Chelsea player it is Ashley Cole, one of the heroes of that marvellous night, in the Allianz Arena back in May 2012, when Chelsea beat Bayern Munich to claim the Champions League trophy for the first time.
On that magical night who'll ever forget the purposeful way, Cole strode forward to take his turn in the penalty shoot-out and score with what was, probably, the best penalty of the night.
Cole, now 37-years-of-age, has been plying his trade, in the US, with LA Galaxy but, earlier this week, it looked very much as if his time with the club was coming to an end with his contract having expired and a new one not forthcoming.
However, in a matter of twenty-four hours, the situation has changed with the tabloid publication, the Sun, revealing that the US club have done an about turn and offered Cole a new deal, albeit on reduced terms.
But, another source, the Mirror, is championing the suggestion that Cole is interested in a move back to the UK to continue his playing career, with the insinuation being that he has had offers from a number of Championship clubs.
It'd be great to see Cole back in English football and I can't help wondering whether those offers might involve the likes of Derby County and Aston Villa with both clubs having huge Chelsea connections.
I guess we'll just have to wait and see.


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A warning has been issued by police regarding scam phone calls from fraudsters.
Yesterday, police say they received a number of reports from residents in the North Cotswolds who have had calls from individuals claiming to be police officers.
They had the names and addresses of those they contacted, and claimed that their bank cards were being misused.
They then attempted to get the recipient of the call to dial numbers on the phone.
A Gloucestershire police spokesman said: "Fortunately those who have contacted us realised it was a scam and rang off.
"This having been said, if you receive any such call, please ensure the call is disconnected before phoning elsewhere; sometimes the scammers are able to hold on to your line for a while."
Should you receive such a call, report it to ActionFraud on 03001232040.


text: Tips & Tricks Archive04 Oct 2013 Running widgets for Blogger – Facebook Twitter RSS social trucks By Sureyea Blogging, Tips & Tricks 0 Comment We are sharing more internet tips and tricks and more how to guides with Blogger. Follow Blog Time Now in Facebook, Twitter and RSS and get the latest updates from us. We recently discussed about adding popup window for Blogger and displaying social widgets in Blogger. Hope those articles helped you out. In this postRead More02 Oct 2013 10 essential Skype tips and tricks 2013 – Skype chat tricks By Sureyea Tips & Tricks 0 Comment Today Skype is one of the best and free communication modes. As you all know Skype has more uses and advantages in terms of communication and we are not here to see the advantages of Skype. We are here to enhance your Skype experience by revealing the 10 essential Skype tips and tricks. 10 essentialRead More28 Sep 2013 What is Gravatar? Why to use Gravatar and how to get Gravatar? By Sureyea How to, Wordpress 0 Comment One of my close friends asked me about how to get a picture in wordpress comment section. He also said that he sees some grey human icon, funny cartoonistic icons and also real human faces in forums and discussion board. Well I clearly explained to that friend about Gravatar and now it's time to explainRead More24 Sep 2013 Feedburner MyBrand setup for your own domain By Sureyea Tips & Tricks 0 Comment We have discussed a lot about how to setup Feedburner to burn your feeds and the importance of Feedburner feeds for SEO. Now we will show you Feedburner MyBrand setup for your own domain. Setting up MyBrand will get you own domain feeds like this http://feeds.blogtimenow.com/blogtimenow instead of http://feeds.feedburner.com/blogtimenow. So what is the use ofRead More16 Sep 2013 How to access multiple Gmail accounts in one browser By Sureyea How to, Tips & Tricks 0 Comment I have 4 Gmail accounts and when I have to access all the Gmail accounts at the same time then the only option I have is by using different browser or I have to sign in and sign out which is bit time consuming. How many Gmail accounts do you have 3, 4, and 7Read More24 Aug 2013 how to add logo to YouTube videos for branding By Sureyea How to, Tips & Tricks 0 Comment You might have seen many popular channels in YouTube have their brand logo sticking some corner of the video. So how do they add it? Do they add it to every video manually before they upload? This topic helps you on how to add logo to YouTube videos for branding. How to add logo to YouTubeRead More1234