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Celebrity Favourite Bikini and Swimwear Brands
These Are the Sexy Swimsuit Brands That Celebrities Always Wear on Holiday
As POPSUGAR editors, we independently select and write about stuff we love and think you'll like too. POPSUGAR has affiliate and advertising partnerships so we get revenue from sharing this content and from your purchase.
These Are the Sexy Swimsuit Brands That Celebrities Always Wear on Holiday
Sexy bikini photos from the fabulous holidays of the rich and famous are one of the many gifts of a long, hot Summer. Partly because we get to discover cool locations for our next fantasy trip, but mostly because we love finding out which bikini brands our favourite celebrities like to flaunt on the 'gram.
Since many celebs look for endorsements before tagging the brand that they're wearing (fair play), it's often a tricky task to find the actual swimsuit they're wearing to be able to create your own "candid" shot. But not to worry, because we've scrolled through hundreds (literally, hundreds) of comment sections to find the perfect bikini for your Summer adventures.
Ahead, you'll find a few of our favourite girls: supermodels Jourdan Dunn, Naomi Campbell, and Rosie Huntington-Whitley; Kardashian-Jenner wunderkinds Kim, Kylie, and Kendall; plus Gigi Hadid, Kaia Gerber, and newlywed Hailey Baldwin in some seriously sexy swimwear — and where to buy them.


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Data Scarcity and the Invisible Roman Poor
Jon Weiland is a PhD candidate in the Stanford Classics Department. His research interests revolve around bioarchaeology, digital research methods, and the non-elites in all their forms during the Roman period. His dissertation focuses on the thorny issue of gaining access to the lives of the poorest populations living in Roman Italy.
There is considerable interest in the Roman non-elite – especially groups like slaves, immigrants and children -- but learning about these groups can be challenging. In this talk, I address how data scarcity relates to learning more about the Roman poor, how human remains in the archaeological context provide a potential way to expand our understanding of them, and how this approach leads to a new and different problem of data scarcity.

subset: commoncrawl


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Residential Refuse Collection & Disposal
These services are for residents living within the city limits of St. Charles.
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City Services
These services are for residents living within the city limits of St. Charles.
Kane County offers the CodeRED® Emergency Telephone Notification System. The system allows County officials to telephone targeted areas or the entire County if an emergency requires immediate action such as a boil water order, missing child alert or evacuation notice. CodeRED® is capable of dialing 50,000 phone numbers per hour and delivers a recorded message.
MetroNet, a fiber optic service provider, is installing their fiber network in St. Charles. We want to address some of the questions we received about the MetroNet project.
The City of St. Charles is committed to providing a continuous supply of safe, reliable and economical water to its customers. Every year the City of St. Charles Water Division distributes a report that summarizes the quality of the City's drinking water. We are pleased to report again this year that your tap water met all Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drinking water health standards.
Why does the City perform hydrant flushing?
Hydrant flushing is the quick release of water from fire hydrants. It's a controlled procedure that is vital to the general maintenance of the City's water distribution system. It ensures adequate water flow is available to fire fighters, residents and businesses. It also helps maintain the City's water clarity and quality by clearing iron and mineral deposits from the water mains (distribution pipes).
What are the effects of hydrant flushing?
SPRINGFIELD, Ill. – On behalf of the City of St. Charles, City Administrator Mark Koenen and Electric Services Manager Tom Bruhl accepted the Illinois Municipal Electric Agency's President & CEO's Municipality of the Year award at the Agency's annual meeting and awards banquet held in Springfield on October 17.
City utility payment drop boxes can be found at:
The City sweeps its streets to remove sand, stone, debris, refuse, dirt, and other materials which may have accumulated on the roadway. Not only does it keep city streets clean and presentable, street sweeping also helps eliminate potential pollutants from entering the storm sewer system. Lakeshore Recycling Systems will assist with sweeping all public city streets on a regular basis according to the following schedule:


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Recent Posts
First ideas, 9/11 Sign Images Tell a Story
July 8, 2017
When I first started this project back in 2006, before parts of the World Trade Center concrete slurry wall was even being cut out to bring in the new PATH subway station, I decided to make a sculpture out of existing concrete. I only knew that 9/11 had been on my mind since it happened and I had to do something. This sculpture titled 'Signs 11" was created. First though, I had to find a company that was willing to donate a concrete pipe to me and to have it delivered to the World of Concrete in Las Vegas for the 2007 show. I started calling around and got questionable replies like, "Honey, do you know how much that pipe weighs?" and "Do you know what you are doing?" and "What the heck does a concrete pipe have to do with 9/11 anyway?" I just laughed and kept on going with my ideas and did not let them deter me one bit. I got Geneva Pipe's Las Vegas area branch out in Nevada to agree to donate a 96 inch, 8 foot long section of pipe they had as a cut off section just laying around for me to use for this idea. My mother Millie and I flew out to Las Vegas a little over a month before the show and spent everyday out in Moapa, NV. We did not gamble, believe it or not! Geneva Concrete's plant was in the middle of nowhere and I created this sculpture with engraved binary code on each side representing '9/11' and formed additional concrete sign images on the inside. My idea was to showcase it at the World of Concrete trade show and see how the public would respond to my idea of placing 11 memorials around the United States. I am here to tell you it was a great experience meeting different folks those 5 days and I gathered priceless information about how to speak to people about my mission. On the downside I could not 'sell' this idea to most people after that day. The idea of the concrete pipe sculptures I thought was a good one, so I built a website around my idea, put up pictures of the sculpture in Vegas and waited for the right person to find it. That happened a few years later when Rich Parrish of Impact Environmental found that site. Tomorrow I will post the story of Rich. Hope to see you back here then!


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The Real Reason Behind Insurance Solutions | insurance solutions
Solution to actualize a seamless and reliable chump experience
Tech Mahindra, a arch provider of agenda transformation, consulting and business reengineering casework and solutions, and Adjoint, a all-around baton in avant-garde cyberbanking technology, accept appear industry's aboriginal Blockchain band-aid for defended action cyberbanking administration and allowance casework beyond locations to actualize a seamless and reliable chump experience.
With this band-aid barter will be extenuative up to USD 4 actor for every 1 billion of cyberbanking accident administration and cyberbanking relationships. The band-aid is congenital aloft Uplink, an accessible antecedent broadcast balance belvedere advised to advance efficiency, aegis and acquiescence in avant-garde cyberbanking processes. It has a messaging and accord agreement apparatus through which the participants in the Blockchain ecosystem accede on the abstracts to be put in the blockchain ledger. It allows enterprises to bound deploy, maintain, verify and assassinate secure, multi-party workflows.
Rajesh Dhuddu, All-around Head Blockchain, Tech Mahindra, said, "Tech Mahindra will accomplice with Adjoint to accommodate customized treasury and allowance solutions to Asia, Europe and the US markets. The solutions will advice the audience advance profitability, ability and will advice assure acute advice in accepted abstracts aegis adjustment (GDPR) adjustable fashion. With Tech Mahindra absorption on the Banking, cyberbanking casework and allowance (BFSI) area beyond the globe, we are blessed to coact with a cyberbanking technology aggregation like Adjoint to adorn our Cyberbanking and Allowance Solutions offerings."
The Adjoint band-aid would accredit enterprises to validate the business case with their own abstracts in their own defended ambiance and advice in eliminating out-of-order and bifold abstracts entry, creating a seamless and reliable user acquaintance backed by abstracts candor and quality. Auditors can be accustomed admission to an abiding almanac of all transactions, facilitating advertisement and acquiescence as well.
Somil Goyal, Chief Operating Officer, Adjoint, said," Our accord with Tech Mahindra will advice us accompany agenda addition to the accumulated treasury and allowance space. Our audience will be able to bigger administer settlements, loans and investments that may currently be belted by accumulated divisions, countries, or coffer accounts, and appropriately abate their alive basic needs. Our solutions accommodate secure, end to end automation of business processes which reduces costs and eliminates the bulky action of abstracts admission and reconciliations, which is accepted today in banks and corporates."
This accord is in band with Tech Mahindra's TechMNxt allotment which focuses on leveraging abutting bearing technologies and solutions, like Blockchain. The basal antecedence is to accredit agenda transformation, body and bear cutting-edge technology solutions and casework to abode absolute apple problems and accommodated the customer's evolving and activating needs.
About Adjoint
Adjoint is a artefact and research-focused aggregation that offers flexible, scalable, best-in-class solutions for all-around accounts to accumulate their processes. We empower accounts teams and accredit abstruse advance through platforms that deeply barter amount and automate business processes.
Adjoint's treasury band-aid achieves transparency, abstracts security, and ability for intercompany lending and banknote management. Using APIs, we accommodate with companies' absolute systems and coffer accounts, to instantly almanac transactions. Our belvedere creates amount and time savings, while carrying absolute time end-to-end processes.
Adjoint has afresh won two Wealth & Accounts 2019 FinTech Awards- "Best for Action Action Control Blockchain Technology 2019" and "Best Broadcast Balance Technology: Adjoint Uplink".
About Tech Mahindra
Tech Mahindra represents the affiliated world, alms avant-garde and customer-centric advice technology experiences, enabling Enterprises, Associates and the Society to Rise™. We are a USD 4.9 billion aggregation with 125,700 professionals beyond 90 countries, allowance 941 all-around barter including Fortune 500 companies. Our convergent, digital, architecture experiences, addition platforms and reusable assets affix beyond a cardinal of technologies to bear actual business amount and adventures to our stakeholders. Tech Mahindra is the accomplished ranked Non-U.S. aggregation in the Forbes All-around Agenda 100 account (2018) and in the Forbes Fab 50 companies in Asia (2018).
Story continues
We are allotment of the USD 20.7 billion Mahindra Group that employs added than over 240,000 bodies beyond 100 countries. The Group operates in the key industries that drive bread-and-butter growth, adequate a administration position in tractors, account vehicles, after-market, advice technology and vacation ownership.
Connect with us on www.techmahindra.com || Our Social Media Channels
View antecedent adaptation on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190828005369/en/
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Why Is Everyone Talking About Insurance 1 Factors? | insurance 1 factorsAug 27, 2019 (AmericaNewsHour) — All-around bloom allowance bazaar admired about USD 1010.3 billion in 2017 is advancing to abound with a advantageous advance amount of added than 7.9 % over the anticipation aeon 2018-2025. Ascent disposable assets and growing acquaintance apropos bloom allowance are some trends triggering the advance of the bloom allowance ...


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Suited Burgundy Texas Hold em Poker Table Felt Critical Overview
there may be two matters in lifestyles my husband and i revel in. poker is our grandest hobby and touring wine vineyards is our favourite vacation fashion. we've been doing each for more than twenty-five years and as we grow older, the a laugh and exhilaration in no way appears to fade. so whilst we had been requested to put in writing about the proper burgundy texas holdem poker table felt and the purpose we revel in it on our poker tables we had to inform you a tale.
about ten years in the past we never had anything like a ideal burgundy texas holdem poker table felt on our poker tables. in truth, we had purchased a few at a couple garage sales that have been very less expensive. lots of it needed to do with it simply searching antique and prefer humans had been abusing it for years. the desk itself turned into quite sturdy and attached, however the padded armrest round it and the felt have been tore up.
it became so bad you could literally start picking the stuff right out of it. 메이저사이트 so when we purchased a brand new armrest we went after the felt. so what better colour to come up with then the color of wine. it is when we came across the appropriate burgundy texas holdem poker table felt. in reality we came across it a few years returned but it turned into from our personal mishap. remarkable how things work, but it changed into form of a signal in case you know what i mean.
we were gambling one night after a bit anniversary get collectively when a pal spilled some merlot onto a white tablecloth. whilst we laughed and said that could be a notable color, who might have concept afterward we might be purchasing a perfect burgundy texas holdem poker desk felt that dawned the equal shade. funny how things paintings, however we're certainly happy to say it passed off, due to the fact we couldn't be greater gleeful approximately the consequences.
our ideal burgundy texas holdem poker desk felt is situated over two holdem tables, blackjack tables, or even the counter top of our wet bar. we've got got a wine cellar room proper next to our little casino with each form of vodka, scotch, and whisky you could count on your fingers. there are burgundy flora across the columns in bronze vases and monet photographs to carry out the room. simply some thing i like to observe and revel in.
but, the guys think it is a bit too girly down there so we had to exit and purchase a couple televisions and mount them in the corners of the room. this way while football is on it brings out the man appeal all of them crave. overall though we have in no way definitely had a complaint, just a little joking about the landscape of the room. regardless, everyone has truly enjoyed their time here with us.
glaringly we can't inform you to exit and buy a poker table felt material because we find it irresistible. on the other hand, in case you were searching out a distinct coloration then you definately would not be studying this little story. with any luck you discover what you are searching out and we help you do it alongside the way.


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Ellen Pompeo backs cancer prevention campaign
Grey's Anatomy star Ellen Pompeo is launching a cancer prevention campaign called "Choose You" in association with the American Cancer Society, reports Reuters. The push encourages women to be mindful of their health and take steps to lower the risk of developing various types of the illness. "Cancer is something that touches everyone's lives," said the actress, whose mother is a cancer survivor. "My daily schedule is quite hectic, but I have to put my health first in order to be the best mom and wife I can be."


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"The Great Passage" was the film that most of the Japanese film competitions selected as the best for 2013, and the official selection for the Best Foreign Language Film Oscar. Based on the bestseller by Shion Miura, the film focuses on the creation of a dictionary, a truly difficult profession.
Buy This Title
In 1995, Mitsuya Majime, a salesman with a degree in languages and very few social skills, is working in the sales department of Genbu books. When Kouhei Araki, the man in charge of the vocabularies department in the company, decides to quit to take care of his sick wife, he chooses Majime as his successor. The department is tasked with creating a new vocabulary, with the titular name, with the purpose of being "live", including all contemporary words and slang.
Although the task is humongous and the time very much needed, Majime throws himself completely into his work, under the supervision of Tomosuke Matsumoto, and with the help of the talkative Masashi Nishioka and the other employees of the department. In order to accomplish his task, Majime is forced to get out of his shell, and he eventually falls in love with Kaguya Hayashi, the granddaughter of his proprietor.
Yuya Ishii directs a genuinely Japanese film, in theme, style and pace, in the very difficult task of making the compiling of a dictionary into an entertaining movie. The fact that he succeeds in presenting a number of very interesting scenes in the world of vocabularies, which is filled with tabs and excel sheets, is his biggest accomplishment.
Inside the rapidly changing setting of the 90s, with the explosion of youth culture through video games, mobile phones and the Internet, Ishii manages to present the traditional Japanese values (patience, dedication, diligence, teamwork and the respect towards the elders) in the most appealing way. Like the compiling of a dictionary, the film flows slowly, patiently and the same applies to the characters' analysis and their relationships. Sentimentality is one of the key elements, but Ishii does not allow it to touch even the borders of the melodrama, as he manages to present the good and the bad of life and love without hypocritical dramatization, retaining a steady style throughout the duration of the film.
Along with a number of subtle, humorous moments, the film remains appealing, and the 133 of its minutes are not bothersome at all. This last part is mirrored in a number of scenes, like the one where Majime is hired by giving the definition of the word 'right', and the one where the whole team are trying to discover the latest slang by eavesdropping on high school girls. On the other hand, I found the romantic part unsurprising, to say the least, since it consists of a very generic story regarding a question of whether the protagonists will end up together.
Ryuhei Matsuda as Majime is great as the eccentric bookworm, as he gives life to a character who seems to fit in novels rather than films. His laconic presence works wonders for the movie, with the story revolving around him.On of the greatest aspects of his performance is that he manages to present an unsocial man as utterly appealing, without ridiculing him or playing him as a social retard. Aoi Miyazaki has an undemanding role that does not require much apart from her supporting Majime in silence and looking pretty when she cooks. In the sole scene she has to really act though, she is quite good. Joe Odagiri is one of the assets of the film as Masashi, as he adds social realism to the story, since his character is the only one who actually has a life outside the office. Ηe is present in the majority of the comic scenes, in one of the most significant aspects of his role, and he manages to be funny, without becoming ridiculous at any moment. In general, all of the actors in the cast are good in their parts, and are very convincing as members of a team who care and love each other, through their focus in a common cause.
"The Great Passage" is a great sample of contemporary Japanese cinema, that stands from the plethora of similar productions due to the direction, the cast and acting, and the attention to every details.


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Tag Archives: Credibility
Purpose of Ethics in a Business Environment
Posted on27. Feb, 2008 by dorim.
Laura Erickson asked: Ethics can be defined as a set of moral values or principles that consist of a moral duty and obligation. In the business setting they are the rules or standards which govern the conduct of employees. This code of conduct encourages public confidence in the products and services of the company. A […]
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The 3 Most Critical Steps for Ethical Leadership
Posted on20. Feb, 2007 by dorim.
anonymous asked: With leadership comes a great responsibility to uphold a standard of integrity regardless of the cost. All too often we see leaders compromise their lifelong forged ethics just to gain the ever fleeting reward of "momentarily getting ahead." This lack of ethical leadership has greatly shaped the values of our society. Albert Einstein […]


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Eric Stonestreet may not have known anyone who was openly gay during his adolescent years in Kansas, but his Emmy-winning "Modern Family" turn quickly changed all of that. The year-old actor, who is straight, told HuffPost Live in an interview this week that he feels "more on the front lines of what it means to stand up for people's equality" after playing Cameron Tucker on "Modern Family," which was just renewed for a seventh season. Stonestreet also opened up about some early concerns he had over tackling the role, and said that he felt particularly protective of his co-star, Jesse Tyler Ferguson , who is openly gay, noting, "I was worried from the beginning that I was going to be part of a gay bashing of sorts.
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text: Guiding Eyes For The Blind Puppy Raisers Karie Livingston, Chris Coyne and Guiding Eyes client Terry McCann, join Marti Casper to talk about the need for puppy raisers in our area and the important role the dogs AND raisers play in improving the quality of life for the visually impaired. It costs $50,000 to raise and then train the dogs at their facility in downstate New York. The program is free for clients, such as Terry who says he is enjoying life more than ever now, thanks to his dog, Mac. There are only 7 puppy trainers here in the Rochester area, although GEB is nationwide. The puppy is with the raiser for 14 to 18 months, then taken to the GEB headquarters downstate for training. There are meeting sessions and a program for raisers to follow. For more information contact Karie at firstname.lastname@example.com or go to guidingeyes.org


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Here's something exciting: The Fourth Orange and Other Fairy Tales You've Never Even Heard Of is finally ready to share with the world! This play has been 6 years in the making* and is without a doubt the most complicated thing I have ever attempted to write** but, dang, it was worth it. How I love this weird and wild little piece of theatre!...Read More
Transforming princess to orange dress for The Love of Three Oranges
You want to see something really cool? Jada of creamcheese.cosplay is making some absolutely amazing costumes for The Love of Three Oranges and documenting the whole process over on Instagram (a platform I am on but barely know how to use if you want to follow me and my hopelessness). You can head on over and see everything in progress but I especially...Read More
The Love of Three Oranges changes lives (ok, fine, maybe just one life)
Did you see this awesome profile of J'Kalein Madison, a young actor making a splash in the local theatre scene in Waterloo, Iowa? What's particularly cool is that Madison is a graduate of Waterloo West High School and had this to say about his theatre experience there: Madison originally planned to study law. That changed in his junior year when he...Read More
Turning what I wanted to write into what I needed to write
The 2016 election threw us all for a loop that we're still dealing with. Shortly after the election, I saw a tweet to the effect that you'll probably be able to tell exactly where writers were in their manuscripts when the election happened and I thought this was interesting because this absolutely happened to me during the writing of The...Read More
The fantastic premiere production of The Tale of Tales at Rutgers Prep
Since early 2003, you've been hearing me talk about my project adapting the Italian fairy tale collection, Giambattista Basile's The Tale of Tales aka the Pentamerone, into a whole bunch of plays. There are six tales plays from this project finished so (of what I think will eventually be twelve tales total), this fall, I wrote material that...Read More
Hillary Writes All the Things 2016: my year in writing debriefed
2016 was a crap sandwich for just about everyone and I'm no exception. It was a crazy stressful year full of unexpected changes and pressures and so much of the future is still uncertain. But while 2016 felt like a big fat fail as I was living it, it actually turned out to be a pretty darn good year for writing, oddly enough. Let's take a...Read More


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If you don't take good care of your body,
where are you going to live?
Vitalityfuture helps you to find new and revolutionary solutions and products that make and keep you healthy and strong. We focus on slowing down aging, reducing pain, lowering oxidative stress, preven-tion and strengthening the body and mind on a cellular level in a natural way. If you want to know more about cellular health, then order my book by clicking on the picture of the bookcover.
"Only in the recent past I learned about "biohacking". I am fortunate enough to be healthy and strong. But I don't take that for granted. It is my mission to share my knowledge and experencies about health at a cellular level with everybody who cares and is open to alternatives. I look for solutions
and products that have been proven to be effective. Perhaps not for everybody or in all circumstances. And perhaps not acknowledged by regular or more orthodox medicine. But always based on research and personal findings and shared by others. I focus on health at cellular level, because that's where it all starts. Strengthen your cells and DNA and your body and mind will follow."
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See our Frequency therapy page for the Healy device for frequency therapy and bioresonance.
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Here is your chance to win a pair of tickets for City's match against Cheltenham Town on Saturday, November 16 AND executive travel (within a 5 mile radius) to the match with Apple Taxis by simply voting for your player of the month for October!
To enter, all you have to do is make your pick of your standout Grecian, and then fill in the survey at the bottom of the page before 8pm on Tuesday, November 5.
Take a look at some of October's highlights below...
Survey not showing? Click here.
Tickets are on advance sale for City's match against Colchester United on Saturday, January 25 in a 3pm kick-off. Click here to buy now!


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Watch : Group Captain Sachin Tendulkar arrives for 87th Airforce Day
Legendary Indian batsman Sachin Tendulkar, who was conferred with the honorary rank of Group Captain during 83rd Air Force Day, arrived at Hindon Air Base for 87th Air Force Day celebration. India celebrates Air Force Day on 8th October every year and today is the 87th Air Force Day. Chief of Army, Navy and Air Force are present today at the Hindon Air Base to witness 87th Air Force Day.
Watch :


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A woman who was robbed of $7,000 while holding her 1-year-old cousin said Wednesday she was "terrified" when the gunman pointed his weapon at the baby.
"He was saying, give me your bag, give me your bag, and I kept saying, no, no, no,'" said Lisa Calistro, 29, who was clutching little Leonia during the robbery in Queens Friday. "Then he pointed the gun at the baby and I gave him the bag."
"I was just so scared for the baby," she said. "She doesnt really know whats going on."
Calistro, who is from Guyana, was visiting with the girls mother, also her cousin, when the mugger struck outside the 135th Place home in Jamaica around 6 p.m.
The mom was inside with upstairs neighbors at the time.
"I saw the UPS guy come to the door and leave a package, so when (the shooter) came I thought he was just visiting someone who lived in the house," she said.
"So, I turned my back and then he came in and he pushed me into the wall."
She said the thief shoved a gun into her ribs and demanded her purse — which also had her passport, including the visa she needs to return home.
The thief ran off with the cash and is still on the loose, police said.
"I was terrified," she said, adding that her purse had "all I have."
Calistro said the stolen $7,000 was half ofRead More – Source


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The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra on Herpes Simplex Virus 1
Today the link between autism, tumours and the Herpes virus is gaining considerable strength.
We must then consider the infusion of the Herpes virus during the catastrophe that was the initial Polio vaccine program from 1948-55 upon an entire generation of white Europeans. Passed from mother to child and of course through sexual activity, it is important we begin to learn how the herpes virus can be combatted without the inference of the pharmaceutical corporations.
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) resistance to drugs and the side effects of drugs have drawn the attention of investigators to herbal plants.
Objectives :
The main aim of the current research was to investigate the effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice root) on HSV-1. One of the objectives of the current research was to determine the efficacy and the effect of the elapsed incubation time of treating the Vero cells infected with HSV-1 by G. glabra. In addition, the effect of cells pretreatment with liquorice root extract, preincubation of virus with liquorice root extract, and the antiviral activity were assessed.
Patients and Methods :
Vero cells were incubated after adding different concentrations of aqueous extracts of G. glabra. The cells were incubated during various time courses. Cytotoxicity assay, determining the 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), and incubation of HSV-1 with liquorice root extract prior to viral infection were performed.
Results :
Internal association among different experiment groups showed the significant difference in the efficacy of the extract with regard to incubation period between one and four hours, one and eight hours, four and 12 hours, and eight and 12 hours. Moreover, there was a significant difference with regard to efficacy among the pretreatment of cells with extract for two hours, incubation of virus with extract for one hour, incubation of virus with extract for two hours.
Conclusions :
G. glabra showed the characteristics of a novel antiviral medication; however, more in vitro experiments are needed to determine the antiherpetic activities of the G. glabra.
Keywords: Herpesvirus 1, Human, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhetinic Acid, Antiviral Agents
1. Background
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), as a member of Herpesviridae can cause severe diseases in the neonates, the elderly, patients with drug-induced immunosuppression, and in those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Nowadays, increasing resistance to antiherpetic drugs are reported frequently (1). Due to the drug side effects and HSV resistance to antiviral drugs, especially resistance to acyclovir in high-risk immunocompromised patients, new medications including herbal plants such as Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice root) have drawn especial interest. This highlights the need for new efficient and safe agents for treating HSV (2). Manuscripts from China, Greece, and India confirm the historical background of the Glycyrrhiza species use (3). In China, liquorice (Gan Cao) has been reported as one of the oldest and most commonly prescribed traditional medicine, which has been used in the treatment of several diseases (4). G. glabra natural habitat are Southwest and Central Asia as well as subtropical and temperate areas of the planet, including Europe. The root is termed liquorice and has a sweet odour and smell The genus Glycyrrhiza (Leguminosae) includes about 30 species such as G. glabra, G. uralensis, G. inflata, G. aspera, and Persian and Turkish licorices, which are determined as G. glabra var. violace.
The first report that indicated an antiviral property of liquorice constituents dates back to 1979 (5). In that research, the scientists recognised glycyrrhizic acid and its antiviral activity in vitro, which suppressed the growth and cytopathic effects (CPE) of numerous DNA and RNA viruses, such as HSV-1, Newcastle disease, Vaccinia virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus (3). Some reports indicated that a few minor constituents of G. glabra such as liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin might have some pharmacological functions (4). Acyclovir, a nucleoside analog and an antiherpetic drug, has partially fulfilled the need for treating the infection entirely; however, it leads to viral resistance and consequently, viral latency and recurrence (6). Regarding the increasing rate of HSV resistance to drugs and the evidences of HSV-1 infection in the majority of women before fertility age in Iran (7) finding a novel anti-HSV drugs seems necessary (8).
2. Objectives
The main goal of the current study was in vitro evaluation of possible antiherpetic and virucidal activity of G. glabra. The possible virus inhibition yield under the effect of liquorice extract was determined as 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) per milliliter in Vero cells. One of the objectives of the current research was to determine the efficacy with respect to the elapsed incubation time and treatment of the cells infected with HSV with the liquorice extract to assess the antiviral activity of G. glabra in virus adsorption. In addition, the effect of pretreatment of cells with liquorice root extract and preincubation of virus with G. glabra were other objectives of the current study.
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Material
Liquorice root was prepared from Kermanshah, a western province of Iran, which has shown to have the liquorice root of the best quality in Iran (9). Liquorice roots were dried and grinned into powder. The powder was used for extraction. Four grams of dried powder was suspended in 100 mL sterile distilled water and kept in 37℃ for 24 hours and then incubated for eight hours in room temperature while being mixed by magnetic mixer. In the next step, the suspension was kept 18 hours at room temperature (9). The final mixture was passed through 0.45 µL filter and preserved at 4℃ until the time of use.
3.2. Cells and Virus
Vero cells (African green monkey kidney cells) were provided by the Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Vero cells were cultured with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and addition of antibiotics, namely, penicillin and streptomycin. Vero cells were incubated at 37℃ with 5% CO2. Herpes simplex virus 1 was obtained from Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran. The cytopathogenic dose of the HSV-1 was assessed and expressed as TCID50/ml (10).
3.3. Cytotoxicity Assay
In order to determine the appropriate concentration of aqueous extract of liquorice root, which has less than 50% cytotoxicity for Vero cells, the Neutral Red assay was employed. Microtitre plates containing 96-well tissue culture plates were inoculated with 105 Vero cells to achieve the confluence of 80%. The cells were washed with pre-warmed phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Then different concentrations of liquorice root extract prepared in DMEM were added to the assigned wells. The plates were incubated at 37℃ with 5% CO2 for two days. After two days, the Vero cells were washed by pre-warmed PBS and filtered Neutral Red solution was added to each well (The viable cells absorb the Neutral Red dye). The plates were incubated in CO2 incubator at 37℃ for three hours. After incubation, the cells were washed by pre-warmed PBS and Neutral Red dye stain solution was added to each well. The plates were shaken in dark on the shaker for ten minutes until the Neutral Red dye was removed. The optical density of the Neutral Red solution was measured at 540 nm by ELISA reader (Sunrise Remote, Tecan, Austria) (Table 1). The highest concentration that had less than 50% cytotoxicity for Vero cells (0.2 mg/mL) was used for further experiments (Figure 1).
Table 1.
The Optical Density of Different Dilution Proportion of the Aqueous Liquorice Root Extract in Cultured Cells to Determine the 50% Tissue Culture Infectious Dose for Vero Cells
Figure 1.
Staining the Vero Cells.
3.4. Fifty Percent Tissue Culture Infectious Dose
Vero cells were cultured in 24-well microplates and inoculated with serial dilutions of HSV-1. The microplates were incubated for one hour in CO2 incubator at 37℃. After the incubation period, the wells were washed with PBS and then DMEM medium was added to each well. The microplates were incubated at 37℃ and 5% CO2 for seven days and were examined daily for the presence of CPE. Any experiment was examined three times and titers of all preparations were determined by Reed and Muench's method (10).
3.5. Antiviral Assays
Antiviral effects of liquorice root extract on HSV-1 was designed and evaluated in three steps that are discussed below.
3.5.1. Incubation of HSV-1 With Liquorice Root Extracts prior to HSV-1 inoculation
To determine whether the extract had any antiherpetic activity against the virus particle, virus serial dilutions were prepared by noncytotoxic concentration (0.2 mg/mL) of the liquorice root extract and incubated for one hour at 4℃. After the incubation, the virus dilutions were used to infect Vero cells and incubated in CO2 incubator at 37℃ for one hour. Following one hour incubation, unabsorbed virus preparation was removed and the cells were washed by PBS and DMEM; then 2% FBS was added to the monolayer cells. The microplates were incubated at 37℃ with 5% CO2 and examined seven days for the evidences of CPE.
3.5.2. Pre- Treatment of Vero Cells With Liquorice Root Extract Prior to HSV-1 Inoculation
Vero cells were pretreated with nontoxic concentration of the extract (0.2 mg/mL) for two hours at 37℃ with 5% CO2. In the next step, the extract was removed and cells were washed by PBS and then inoculate with 100 TCID50/mL of HSV-1. The other steps were as described before. The microplates were monitored for seven days to detect any CPE.
3.5.3. Incubation of Vero Cells With Liquorice Root Extract After HSV-1 Inoculation
After infecting the monolayer cells with 100 TCID50/mL of HSV-1 and one hour incubation, the Vero cells were washed with PBS; then nontoxic concentration of the extract (0.2 mg/mL) in DMEM was added to the monolayer cells after one, four, eight, and twelve hours of viral infection. The 24-well plates were incubated in CO2 incubator at 37℃ and monitored daily up to seven days. Viral titer was determined by the endpoint dilution method and calculated TCID50 was compared with control virus sample preparation.
3.6. Statistical Analysis
The obtained data were analysed using SPSS v.16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).One-way ANOVA test was used to compare the quantitative parameters among the study groups. In the cases of any difference among groups, Tukey's HSD test was utilised to determine the different group. All tests were considered statistically significant if the P values was less than 0.05.
4. Results
4.1. Cytotoxicity
Cytotoxicity of the liquorice root extract was examined by Neutral Red assay. The mean value of wells assigned to each extract concentration was measured. The highest dilution that had less than 50% cytotoxicity for Vero cells was 1:50, which was equal to a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. At the mentioned concentration, the Vero cells appeared normal and no noticeable CPE was seen in microscopic monitoring; therefore, the concentrations higher than 0.2 mg/mL were used for further experiments.
4.2. Virus Yield Reduction Assay
The possible inhibition of virus yield under the effect of the liquorice extract was assessed as TCID50/mL in Vero cells in comparison to the virus stock with 105.6 TCID50/mL. As described previously, we examined the possible inhibitory effect of the liquorice root extract on HSV-1 yield in three steps. The TCID50 of the virus in these two experiments reduced about one logarithm in comparison to the control virus, which was significant.
In order to assess the antiherpetic activity of the liquorice root extract after virus adsorption, the liquorice extract was incubated with Vero cells infected with HSV for one, four, eight, and twelve hours postinfection. The results showed that the effect of the extract was changed with regard to the elapsed time of incubation (F = 309.146; df = 4.10; P < 0.001). Tukey's HSD test showed similar effect of the elapsed time after four and eight hours incubation of the extract in comparison to the control virus, which were not significant (P = 0.836 and P = 0.805, respectively); however, the effect of the extract was significant after one and 12 hours incubation of extract in comparison to the control virus, which was more than the logarithm variation (P < 0.001) (Table 2). Comparing the internal association among different groups of experiments showed that the different efficacy of the extract with respect to the elapsed incubation time was significant between one and four hours, one and eight hours, four and 12 hours, and eight and 12 hours (change > 1 log) (Table 2 and Figure 2).
Table 2.
Relative Comparison of the Anti-HSV1 Activity of Liquorice root Extracts in Different Incubation Time Courses a
Figure 2.
Postinfection Effect of Licorice Root Extract on HSV-1 Yield in Vero Cells.
To compare the effect of pretreatment of cells with liquorice root extract and preincubation of virus with liquorice root extract, new experiments were designed, ie, the results were compared to control virus. Pretreatment of cells with extract for two hours and incubation of virus with extract for one and as well as two hours had significant differences among the study groups (F = 247.412; df = 3.8; P < 0.001). Tukey's HSD test showed the significant effect of any of the mentioned groups in comparison to the control virus (P < 0.001) (Table 3). Moreover, the comparison between pretreatment of cells with extract for two hours and incubation of virus with extract for one hour showed a significant difference in the antiviral effect of liquorice root extract (P < 0.040); however such an effect was not significant in comparison to the incubation of virus with extract for two hours (P = 0.31). Incubation of virus with liquorice root extract showed significant difference in antiviral effect of liquorice root extract between one and two hours incubation (P < 0.001) (Table 3 and Figure 3).
Table 3.
Comparison of the Anti-HSV-1 Activity of Liquorice Root Extracts in Different Time Courses Following Incubation of Virus With Extract a
Figure 3.
Postinfection Effect of Liquorice Root Extract on HSV-1 Yield in Vero Cells Following Pretreatment of Virus Preparation With Liquorice Root Extract
5. Discussion
The results of the current study were almost unique. We found more details concerning antiherpetic activity of liquorice root extract including a key observation that determined the efficacy of time course of extract treatment in the cells infected with virus. Thus, this research highlights the importance of the time course in the process of antiviral effect of G. glabra aqueous extract. In addition, the role of virus pretreatment with liquorice root extract was notable. Moreover, the reliability of TCID50 test in determining the suitable concentration of liquorice root aqueous extract (0.2 mg/mL), which had less than 50% cytotoxicity for Vero cells, was justified.
The antiherpetic activity of liquorice root extract may be due to a number of mechanisms such as the role of G. glabra in the inhibition of HSV attachment process through direct contact between virus and the extract. In this situation, the HSV-1 was inhibited by either directly inactivation of virus or antiadhesive property of G. glabra aqueous extract, which hampers the adhesion of HSV-1 to Vero, cells in vitro. The latter hypothesis is in agreement with Wittschier et al. findings that confirmed the polysaccharides isolated from the aqueous extract of G. glabra roots present so strong antiadhesive property that is able to suppress the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to human gastric mucosa. Wittschier et al. believed that this effect was related to the polysaccharides isolated from the aqueous extract of G. glabra (11). Furthermore, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhizic acid are capable of hampering the growth and CPE of HSV (5, 12).
In addition, based on the results of the current study, it might be speculated that the suppression of HSV-1 replication in Vero cells occurs by interruption of the late stages of genes expression. Data from another study appears to be consistent with the interruption of genes expression in HSV by a medicinal plant named Chamaecyparis obtuse; however, it was effective in the immediate-early stages of gene expression (13). Moreover, traditional Chinese herb, namely, Tripterygium hypoglaucum, has been shown to have anti-HSV properties by suppressing early and late stages of genes expression (14). Other studies have also indicated that liquorice root and its constituents, perform an antiviral activity against HSV that permanently inactivates the virus (5, 15, 16). This might be due to the different components of this plant including glycyrrhizic acid, which inactivates HSV particles (5). Moreover, animal studies have reported that glycyrrhizin and its derivatives are capable to decrease viral activity and the mortality rate in HSV encephalitis (3). Another report revealed the key role of glycyrrhizin in improving the impaired resistance of injured mice to the infection by HSV (17).
Both compounds of liquorice root, the triterpene glycoside glycyrrhizic acid (glycyrrhizin) and its aglycone 18-beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, were confirmed to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and antiviral properties (18, 19). In addition, the antiviral effects of glycyrrhizin by suppressing replication of several viruses were shown in vitro (20, 21). Glycyrrhizin also provides a plausible mechanism for a broad spectrum of antiviral activities including HSV, Flavivirus, Human immunodeficiency virus, Vaccinia virus, Poliovirus (type 1), Vesicular stomatitis virus, IAV, SARS-related Coronavirus, human respiratory syncytial virus, and Arboviruses (3, 5, 22-29).
Future researches are needed to investigate the effect of methanol extraction of G. glabra on HSV-1. Comparing the results can help us to identify the possible correlation or differences in physiologic effects between these two different extracts. Moreover, further in vivo studies should be conducted to identify significant possible side effects or cytotoxicity of G. glabra in animal models and high risk people such as pregnant women, the elderly with heart disease, asthma, etc. This will help us to verify the inappropriate effects of G. glabra applications in human.
In conclusion, although G. glabra showed the characteristics of a novel antiviral medication, more in vitro experiments are need to declare the role of chemically derivatives of G. glabra, which may present a broad range of antiherpetic activities.
We express our special gratitude to Dr. Mokhtari-Azad and Dr. Kiani, Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, for providing Vero Cells and also express our thanks to the authorities of Pasteur Institute of Iran and Dr. Azadmanesh for offering HSV-1.
Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:Herpes simplex virus resistance to drugs and the side effects due to drug consumption have drawn the attention of investigators to find new medicines; herbal plants such as Glycyrrhiza glabra may be a novel choice for antiviral treatment.
Authors' Contributions:All the authors had equally contributed to this work.
Financial Disclosure:The authors had no conflict of interest related to various aspects of this research.
Funding/ Support:This research was supported by research chancellor of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences.
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23. Utsunomiya T, Kobayashi M, Pollard RB, Suzuki F. Glycyrrhizin, an active component of licorice roots, reduces morbidity and mortality of mice infected with lethal doses of influenza virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997;41(3):551–6. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
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26. Crance JM, Scaramozzino N, Jouan A, Garin D. Interferon, ribavirin, 6-azauridine and glycyrrhizin: antiviral compounds active against pathogenic flaviviruses. Antiviral Res. 2003;58(1):73–9. [PubMed]
27. Briolant S, Garin D, Scaramozzino N, Jouan A, Crance JM. In vitro inhibition of Chikungunya and Semliki Forest viruses replication by antiviral compounds: synergistic effect of interferon-alpha and ribavirin combination. Antiviral Res. 2004;61(2):111–7. [PubMed]
28. Hoever G, Baltina L, Michaelis M, Kondratenko R, Baltina L, Tolstikov GA, et al. Antiviral activity of glycyrrhizic acid derivatives against SARS-coronavirus. J Med Chem. 2005;48(4):1256–9. doi: 10.1021/jm0493008. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
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A comparative multi-centre study of the efficacy of propolis, acyclovir and placebo in the treatment of genital herpes (HSV)
Further Study
Cancer epidemic due to the introduction of viruses through vaccinations, SV-40 on trial
Efficacy of an aqueous Pelargonium sidoides extract against herpesvirus
Effect of aqueous and alcoholic licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract against streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus acidophilus in comparison to chlorhexidine: an in vitro study
Melissa officinalis extract inhibits attachment of herpes simplex virus in vitro


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General Discussion / I'm a Fag (Not Spam, u kunt)« on: April 10, 2016, 06:53:20 PM »
A short clip of me and other people being faggots, so sayeth South Park
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Topics - JiggerFrizz
General Discussion / I'm a Fag (Not Spam, u kunt)« on: April 10, 2016, 06:53:20 PM »
A short clip of me and other people being faggots, so sayeth South Park
General Discussion / Something my Mum Asked Which I/Google Can't Answer Because We're Retards« on: January 24, 2016, 10:18:20 PM »
Does computer hardware use physical thermometers or is it an extrapolation by software of how much strain is on the hardware?
I assume $omone7777777777 might know since he's a handsome and smart individual of many talents <3 8======D -- -- --- O:
Support & Help / Green Screen Google Chrome« on: July 03, 2015, 09:55:09 PM »
For a month or so I have been getting intermittent green screens when using any video player in Google Chrome. Youtube, facebook, random sites etc. I can hear the audio but all I see is green within the video players boarder.
My GPU drivers are up to date. I have looked up solutions but i haven't yet found anything that will work and most of the advice is out of date for Youtube videos. I don't want to have to change browser again because I like Chromes' 60fps Youtube ability.
Now that I think about it, my display driver will sometimes crash if I try to view a video on my computer. Or in other circumstances I can see a black screen with only audio playing. Is my piece of shit, less than 2 years old R9 270x finally deciding that it is in fact a massive, steaming pile of overpriced, useless shit that should never have been made because it is a truly terrible fucking god awful, shitty, cancerous piece of filthy shit?
Halp plz.
Spam(18+) / Catalyst-Gaming.net | Orange Cosmos Roleplay« on: June 28, 2015, 03:49:07 PM »
Mate, them's was the days :')
General Discussion / Some Music I've produced« on: May 06, 2015, 06:01:00 PM »
I've had to produce a few tracks for uni and like to share it with you knobs ^_^
Trying to get as many plays as possible before I have to present it to some 'industry professionals' in the morrow.
General Discussion / GTA5 Heists« on: April 09, 2015, 10:59:35 AM »
Is anyone up for doing some heists when GTA5 comes out? I've been watching some gameplay of them on youtube and it seems like you need a strong team that won't fuck about. So, who's up for it?
Also we could plan on the forum. Who takes what roll, what weapons, who drives etc.
And mic's required?
I know the servers will probably be buggy or slow when it first releases so we might have to wait until they're stable.
Funny guys playing Heists:
General Discussion / New Phone: Suggestions« on: January 30, 2015, 11:35:50 PM »
I got my Samsung Galaxy Note 3 pickpocketed, by a souless waste of oxygen, a few weeks ago so I am wanting to replace it. And since I still have over a year left on my contract and it would cost me £413 to cancel or get an early upgrade, I am thinking just getting a new phone is the better choice.
And yes, I am a huge fucking idiot that didn't have it insured. Fool me once, but not fucking twice my friends. Not - fucking - twice :')
Must have a big screen; I like watching Netshit and Youtube on it, as well as reading the news on the shitter so it helps to have a big screen.
Good screen resolution would be nice
Good processor, RAM and all that jazz.
And strictly, NO IPHONES >.<
Budget of up to £270 which is about $407 USD.
I was thinking of just replacing it with another Note 3, since it's the fucking bomb and all, but wanted to see what others might recommend.
Cheers mu'fuckers!
General Discussion / How Has Your 2014 Been?« on: December 31, 2014, 12:35:06 PM »
How's your year been? Good? Bad? Indifferent? Absolute shite?
Mine was, well, first half was shit. Broke up with my girlfriend of two years on the 5th of January so that set the scene early for my year. I didn't really like this at year University either. Not got many (any?) proper friends, work has been a drag, took a hit right in the love from a girl I like, dissapointed myself with not working hard enough at uni, AGAIN! xD
Good things? Got my first proper motorbike, got a work placement and possibly a future job doing live sound engineering, which is something I want to do. Can't think of too much that was good about my year. Could be worse, I suppose. I could have Ebola, cancer, be homeless, gotten raped, stabbed, killed etc
Hope your year was a good one
Spam(18+) / In All Seriousness$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$« on: December 31, 2014, 01:58:46 AM »
Would you fuck your own gran for 100 million quid? She would forget straight after but you'd remember. You have to go down on her, finger her, stick your dirty little sausage in her and spray your genes into her old, decrepit hole.
Would you?
Spam(18+) / Who Do You Hate More?« on: December 16, 2014, 08:37:12 PM »
It's a simple fucking question. Why don't you fucking answer it, you fucking cunt?
And don't ask me why I'm going on a Weeaboo hating spree, because I don't know. Fuck you.
General Discussion / Suggest a Gaming Mouse!« on: October 31, 2014, 07:08:10 PM »
I currently have an old Logitech MX518 which has started to die. Can anyone suggest a good gaming mouse with adjustable DPI settings for under £50 ($80). I'm not too bothered about it having a billion buttons.
Cheers <3 8=====D - - - - - O:
I made a song. I'm not very good at composing tbh but I try. I only used earphones to monitor so it might be a bit shit on normal speakers. Tell me what you think and post your own if you feel like it <3
This is what it looked like before upload:
Spam(18+) / Stevob21: every1 spam tophattedcat« on: September 25, 2014, 10:20:58 AM »
Stevob21: every1 spam tophattedcat and tell him to update radio plz, tweaked visuals, adjusted audible range and added admin bypass 4 when weaboos are playing their shit
-removed 50+ duplicates-
Steve produces Smegma at an alarming rate. He doesn't have to buy Cottage Cheese anymore because he just spoons it out from his foreskin or squeezes it out like a tube of toothpaste.
General Discussion / This is Where I Ran Out of Fuel...« on: July 24, 2014, 12:48:25 PM »
I knew I was low on fuel but this is just lucky.
Allah is smiling on me today.


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Very satisfied with my projector Very good projector. Rated 4 out of 5 by Anonymous from Powerful projector! Thoughtful Features Lamp Care Bennq SP can detect the bulb temperature automatically, making sure the temperature is cool enough before it allows the lamp to power up.
Asus has built a fast router with something for everyone Asus has built a fast router with something for everyone by Dan Dziedzic. You have a healthy — but not crazy — budget for that recipient on your list.
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Rail Industry Collaboration on Health and Wellbeing
The Health and Wellbeing Policy Group (HWPG) provides oversight for two risk areas of Leading Health and Safety on Britain's Railway and is the senior group to consider health across the strategy. Health and wellbeing issues are specifically identified as an important area for development of industry capability and maturity.
The HWPG works by having a champion for each of the key areas of development for health and wellbeing and a supporting group to help develop each key area.
The role of the Health and Wellbeing Champion is to:
- Promote and progress a key topic or capability theme from the roadmap
- Sit on the HWPG to discuss progression of their theme and support other champions
- Chair an industry group and/or coordinate with leads from existing industry groups
- Work in collaboration with a dedicated RSSB technical support for their theme area
- Form a work plan for the development of their theme that:
- Is prioritised in conjunction with the industry H&W risk map
- Agrees outcomes over the next 2-3 years for the theme they champion
- Supports the delivery of one to three tasks/projects within their theme
- Gain commitments from industry partners to put in resource to run the projects/tasks
- Promote the outputs of tasks/projects in their theme area with industry colleagues.
RSSB's technical support supplies expertise for the champions and support the ongoing development of the group and its communications. This expertise is either rarely found within industry or plays co-ordinating role for experts found within rail companies. However, the groups will not be successful without the expertise from industry acting within goals the of the collaborative framework.
By forming the HWPG and its network of groups and industry contacts, the industry believes that coordination will achieve:
- Collaborative groups reduce the costs of company change programmes through shared resources and range of products
- Network participants gain opportunities for CPD points and share work experiences with other change agents, aiding momentum and focus
- Members are connected. Communication channels are highly active via industry groups, a dedicated list of company contacts, e-bulletins and briefs
- Within rail, health services are strong, standards drive good performance, and our companies know how to get the best use of medical knowledge
- We manage health in the supply chain and in the design of technology and automation to minimise health risks entering the rail system
- Duty holders use company data to monitor performance and use cross-industry data to benchmark and gain context for health risk
- Benchmarking and networking creates a shared understanding of risk and therefore priorities for investment and change
- We have good understanding of our health risks and control them as low as reasonably practicable
- We horizon scan to understand societal health risks so we can mitigate negative impacts and make use of medical technology
- We work alongside our employees to support good mental health and physical wellbeing
- Our managers are confident about managing health and wellbeing issues and are happy to discuss them with their teams
Further details on the makeup of the HWPG, its ways of working and sub groups are explained in the group's brochure.
The health and wellbeing network of groups produce a regular brief to industry to maintain awareness of activities and important news and information related to the key themes.
To become involved with Railway Network to Collaborate on Health and Wellbeing please contact: firstname.lastname@example.com.


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OJEE 2013 Important Dates list out all the dates that are crucial for students to be aware of, before appearing for the Odisha JEE 2013 exam. The OJEE 2013 Important Dates include application dates, admit cards, entrance exam schedules, counselling and admission dates. Students must keep the OJEE 2013 Important Dates on hand to avoid missing the deadlines. The OJEE 2013 Important Dates have been mentioned below for the benefit of the students.
OJEE 2013 Important Dates:
Online applications availability: February 14 to April 2, 2013
Last date of submission of confirmation page along with payment receipt at OJEE: April 6, 2013
Date of Admit Card download begins from : 20th April, 2013
Date of Examination : May 12, 2013
Results: 1st week of June, 2013
OJEE 2013 Counselling Schedules:
OJEE Admit Card 2020 - Odisha Joint Entrance Examination Board will release admit card of OJEE 20...
OJEE Result 2020 - The Odisha Joint Entrance Examination Authority will release the result of OJE...
OJEE Lateral Entry 2020 - JEE Cell, Bhubaneswar will conduct OJEE Lateral Entry 2020 entrance tes...
Yes you can. As spot round is a completely new process which does not relates to registration processes held earlier for the college. You can now fill the form for spot admissions as a fresh candidate . I wish the best for you in that spot participation.
There is 5% reservation for Green Card holders in Odisha joint entrance examination counselling so in case you do not have the Green Card you are not eligible for getting seat under the reservation for Green Card holders .you can get a seat under no reservation . Because green card is the only proof of you being a green card holder.
For more information , follow the given link;
Hope it helps!
Login to the offical website of OJEE Board. Go into my application there you will find your OJEE registration slip. Download it and keep it safely for future use.
Better to search or explore the website thoroughly just to not miss any thing important. You will get it now download and keep safely near you.
Your OJEE brochure has been successfully mailed to your registered email id .
The Question containing Inaapropriate or Abusive Words
Question lacks the basic details making it difficult to answer
Topic Tagged to the Question are not relevant to Question
Question drives traffic to external sites for promotional or commercial purposes
The Question is not relevant to User
Regular exam updates, QnA, Predictors, College Applications & E-books now on your Mobile


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Drain Alchemy is a Destruction spell available in The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind that temporarily lowers the value of alchemy. The skill returns to its original value when the spell ends.
- Drain Skill: Alchemy – 5–20 points each second for 60 seconds on target.
The following people use and/or sell this spell:
- Antonius Nuncius BM
- Asciene Rane TR
- Crito Olcinius TR *
- Effe-Tei TR
- Elanande TR
- Elbert Nermarc TR
- Fonari Indaren TR
- Sorian BM
* These characters are the spell merchants
See alsoEdit
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


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Craving for some buns. Hot hot buns. Decided to make some wholemeal buns and try out Christine's method to roll in the ingredients.
First off, pictures to make you jealous. 😉
I skipped the egg wash today cos well. Some things are going on at home and I'm not entirely in the mood anymore (but I already got started on the dough, might as well finish it right!)
Recipe adapted from bakeforhappykids.
100g Tang Zhong (100g water, 20g bread flour. Directions below)110ml water
1 large egg
40g raw caster sugar
5g salt
210g bread flour
150g wholemeal / whole wheat flour
15g milk powder
1 1/2 tsp instant dry yeast
50g unsalted butter, softened at room temperature
egg wash: 1 egg yolk + 1 tbsp milk to brush before baking
To make the Tangzhong Roux:
1. Mix the flour with water until all flour dissolve and no lump.
2. Cook in low-medium heat and keep stirring, if you have a thermometer, cook the water roux up to 65C or until you can draw a ribbon on the batter. This amount is just right for this batch of dough.
3. Transfer to bowl and cool down, cover the water roux with cling wrap to prevent surface dried out.
Directions for bread:
4. Put all ingredients into bread maker according to instruction. I tried to mix up the order and it didn't really affect the end product much.
5. Transfer to clean floured working surface, gently deflated the dough and squeeze all the air out. Divide dough into circular portions of your fancy. Cover with a damp cloth and rest for 40 minutes. (Remember to wring it dry!)
6. Line your baking tray with baking paper in the meantime.
For Sausage buns,
– Flour a clean dry surface and knead dough into a long tube like (approximately 40cm), roll around the sausage with seal face down.
For the other buns,
For other buns that require rolling, pull out your rolling pin and let's get cracking.
– Remember to dust your dough with a little flour to prevent it from sticking to the pin. Leant my lesson the hard way
– Now time to look at how Christine did it.
– I added my ingredients at stage 3, after I rolled out the dough and flattened it. Sprinkle your chocolate chips, raisins or whatevs at stage 3 then fold it in and follow suit. If you decide that you want more raisins or whatnots, add somemore at stage 6!
For the butter sugar rolls,
add in some cold butter at stage 3 and 6. Not too much, if not it will leak out of the bun. Also, learnt the hard way. Don't worry about the sugar, you'll do that later.
7. After that, let your buns rest. Cover with cling wrap or wet towel and rest for 30-60 minutes until double in size.
8. Pre-heated oven to 180 degree C
9. Bake for about 20 minutes until golden brown.
10. Take the buns out and brush whisked egg on surface of the rolls. Bake for another 5mins. (For the butter sugar rolls, brush melted butter on the surface of the bun and then sprinkle fine sugar over it. If you want to, you can halt the baking and take it out at the last 3mins to repeat this step to get more sugar coated on your bun.)
11. When done, take the buns out of the oven and transfer to rack and let it cool down.
Bon appetit.


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Has anyone had any experience with allergies that were another variant of TMS? Any success with dealing with it?
Allergies anyone?by William Fowler - Number of replies: 1
In reply to William Fowler
Re: Allergies anyone?by Alicia Batson -
I had many "food sensitivites" which I ultimately resolved with this program. I would get bloating, constipation, fatigue after certain foods. At one point, I was worried I was allergic to eggs, but I found myself in a situation in which that was all I had to eat, so I ate a boiled egg - this resulted in immediate sneezing incessantly, watery and itchy eyes, tons of mucous coming from my nose. I had eaten eggs all my life and was just convinced that this was MBS - as soon as I started laughing at myself, all the symptoms went away and have never returned. I eat eggs almost daily now without any problems at all.


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All rooms are air-conditioned, equipped with en-suite bathroom and WC, balcony, FREE high-speed WiFi Internet, TV, electric kettle.
6 / 36 Adverts
House Detached, 4 floors, shared entrance, in a private property
from 3 to > 30 people
10 bedrooms
19 roomsLiveable floor area : 18m²
10 bedrooms
19 roomsLiveable floor area : 18m²
Direct access to the beach
Benefits : Direct access to the beach
- View : Panoramic, sea/ocean, city, street/avenue, fantastic sunset
- Setting : City
- Rocky beach at <50m
- Spa, Culture, Fishing
Touristic region : discover Black Sea
Advert No. 24853
For your guidance
Contact by phone
Contact by email
For safety and quality control reasons, we strongly recommend to contact the owner through IHA Holiday Ads.
Reviews about the Advert 24853
Be the first to provide a review about this advert!
FenerAdvert 24853Pomorie - Oblast Burgas - Bulgaria
Advert details 24853
Description "Fener" Vacation rental in Pomorie
All rooms are air-conditioned, equipped with en-suite bathroom and WC, balcony, FREE high-speed WiFi Internet, TV, electric kettle. Guests may share our large open-air roof-top balcony which overlooks the Black Sea. The balcony has a designated cooking / dining area which creates the perfect atmosphere for friends and families.
Assets House
Benefits : Direct access to the beach
Interior House with View: panoramic, sea/ocean, city, ...
Receive up to : from 3 to > 30 person(s)
Liveable floor area : 18m²
Interior layout : 19 Room(s), 10 bedroom(s)
Sleeps - bed(s) : 18 full bed(s), 13 twin bed(s)
Guest facilities : T.V., internet access, high speed internet access, wifi, wardrobe, cupboard, fully air-conditioned
Appliances : Electric coffee maker, electric kettle, electric stove, deep freeze, iron
Exterior Vacation rental in Setting: city
Outside accommodation : Covered terrace 15m²
Rates Calendar Availability Vacation rental in Pomorie
Seasons & Availability House in Pomorie
Rates House in Pomorie
ServiceFrequencyIncluded / SuppliedSupplementRates
Sheets1 X / per week
Towels2 X / per week
Pillows2 X / per week
Single family home
Airport transfers
For your guidance
Information :
Non smoking rental
Cell phone network coverage
Booking conditions
Reservation :
Payment made upon reservation : 20% of rental sum
Payment balance : 2 weeks before the stay
rentals :
Anticipated supplement for : supplementary bed(s)
Accepted methods of payment :
Leisure, Surroundings, Location Home 24853
Leisure Pomorie - Oblast Burgas
Situated in the old town of Pomorie, this Guest House is the perfect destination for your dream holiday, only 50 meters away from the south promenade on the Black Sea and 500 meters from the north beach. Located on the high street, a grocery store, an ATM, a pharmacy and some restaurants are only a stone's throw away.
Specific activities on site or less than 3 miles :
FISHING Oblast Burgas
SPA Pomorie
CULTURE Oblast Burgas
Leisure activities less than 12 miles : Boat trips
Attractions and relaxation : Bar/pub, discotheque, restaurant, movie theater, open air summer movie theater, karaoke, museum, theater, summer theater, casino, sauna, fitness center
SurroundingsOcean - Oblast Burgas
Locality :
Sea/ocean at <50m
Sandy beach at 500m
Rocky beach at <50m
Location AccessHouse Pomorie
We offer transfers to Nesebar, Sunny Beach, Bourgas and Bourgas Airport.
str. Knyaz Boris 1 n 113
8200 PomorieOblast Burgas
GPS coordinates of accommodation
Latitude 42°33'38"N
Longitude 27°38'7"E
Access routes Vacation rental 24853
at 20km / 20min.
Freeway (exit) A1
Burgas, Oblast Burgas, Bulgaria
Cities close by
Pomorie (20m)
Close to Medni Rid, Golesh, Khadzhiyska Reka, Mesemvriya, Sveti Iliya, Neseburski Zaliv, Ostrov Sveti Petur, Golishki Prokhod, Gospodarevska Reka, Kolonitsa, Nos Lakhna, Kaynardzha, Oreshka, Nos Khrisosotira, Dyulinski Prokhod, Fundukliyska Reka, Pomoriysko Ezero, Biberna, Bukhta Atiya, Dvoynitsa, Grutska
Cities close by
Nearby places
Photos House 24853
Bedroom, House in Pomorie - Advert 24853 @cc
The apartment, House in Pomorie - Advert 24853 @cc
Sea/ocean, House in Pomorie - Advert 24853 @cc
Return to the rental listingsContact


text:
- Finance
- Management
- Ph.D, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian, China (2012-2016)
- MBA, Institute of Management Science Multan, Pakistan (2008-2010)
- BBA, Management, Business and IT, Institute of Management Science Multan, Pakistan (2004-2008)
- Govt. Allamdar Hussain College Multan, Pakistan (2002-2004)
Research interests
- Finance
- Financial crisis
- Capital structure
Work experience
- Assistant professor, Finance and Accounting Academic Area, Rennes School of Business (September 2017 – Present)
- Assistant professor, Finance and Accounting Academic Area, Air University, Pakistan (October 2016 – August 2017)
- Lecturer, Institute of Management Sciences of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan (2010 – 2012)
Intellectual contributions
Refereed Articles
- The impact of financial liberalization on capital structure adjustment in Pakistan: a doubly censored modelling, Applied Economics (Taylor & Francis)
Impact factor (0.613), 2017, Vol. 49(41), pp. 4148-4160
- Mean reverting financial leverage: Theory and evidence from Pakistan Applied Economics (Taylor & Francis)
Impact factor (0.613), 2016, Vol. 48(05), pp. 379-388
- How do they adjust their capital structure along their life cycle? An empirical study about capital structure over life cycle of Pakistani firms, Journal of Asia Business Studies, (Emerald), 2016 Vol. 10(03)
- Mean reverting financial leverage and firm life cycle: Theory vs Evidence (Pakistan)
Emerging Economy Studies (SAGE), 2016, Vol. 2(01)
- Firm, industry and country level determinants of capital structure: evidence from Pakistan South Asian Journal of Global Business Research (Emerald), 2016
- Credit supply and corporate capital structure. Evidence from Pakistan, South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, (Emerald), 2016 , Vol. 5(02), pp. 250-267
- Capital Structure Mean Reversion: A comparison between Chinese state-owned and private firms, Global Business and Economics Review (InderScience), 2016 Forthcoming
- Financial crises and Adjustment rate of firms towards target capital structure: Evidence from China, European Journal of Business and Management (IISTE), 2015, Vol. 7(18) pp. 61-69
- Democracy, Regime Stability and Economic Growth: A Cross Country Dynamic Panel Data Analysis. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, (IISTE), 2015, Vol. 6(12) pp. 23-44
- What determines leverage in Pakistan? A panel data analysis, African Journal of Business Management, 2012, Vol. 6(3) pp. 978-985