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What is the hebrew translation for i am – hebrews 4 enter into his rest
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SEMA 2018: Touring the performance car hall
Call me a little biased, but I've been coming to SEMA since 2006 and from that very first year, the biggest highlight for me was always this hall, the aftermarket performance, hot-rod, rat-rod, resto-mod, classic cruiser, pick-up truck, muscle car - call it whatever you like - hall.
It's evolved over the years, too, incorporating everything from pick-up trucks, to Japanese cars, electric propulsion and everything else in between.
The legendary names you'd all know if American cars are your thing, are all in attendance: Mooneyes, Edelbrock, Isky, Holley, Optima, Magnaflow to name just a few. And that's not taking into account the modified cars built by the likes of Troy Trepanier, Chip Foose, Dave Kindig, the Hoonigan crew and Jonathan Ward from Icon, the list again is endless.
For me, it's more about the level of quality rather than the types of modifications. This year, Dave Kindig's team (out of Utah) completely remanufactured a fibreglass Mercedes-Benz 300SL Gullwing reproduction, complete with LS power and modern niceties like AC. Most people didn't pick it as a replica, but the level of detail, the quality of the fit and finish, and the attention to the fine details was mind blowing.
Likewise, my joint highlight of the hall, the 49 Mercury built by Jonathan Ward. We've known Jonathan for a while, and he's most well known for his work rebuilding old FJ Toyotas. Check out Icon 4X4 for an idea of what his team creates.
A few years back, he started a 'Derelict' series of cars that are ratty, original looking exteriors, with right up to date mechanicals.
Not just EFI and an auto, these Icon Derelicts have traction control, ABS, satellite navigation, reverse cameras, the lot. This Mercury had all that and more - Tesla-style electric power with a battery array under the bonnet that had been fashioned to look like an old V8 engine - unbelievable.
The Hoonigan F Truck was outside and looked every bit as crazy as it has in videos, but we also loved the smattering of Japanese modified cars as well. That scene is still huge in the USA, and there's a love for JDM cars that didn't always make it to that part of the world. They are fascinated with the R32 GT-R, for example, and it's not uncommon to see a modified RHD version on the street in the States.
Again, the sheer array of replacement parts, performance gear, remanufactured metal bodies and legendary names on display was more than you can possibly take in, over such a short period of time. While other areas of the SEMA show have grown exponentially over the past decade or so, it's this hall that remains my favourite. Take a look at the video for some of our very brief highlights.
MORE: All SEMA coverage

subset: commoncrawl


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Exercise is Essential
Regardless of these, exercise additionally works for strengthening the bones and keeps individuals searching feeling and good good about on their own. Workout also gives individuals the endurance to enable them to match the speed of the lifestyles. Regrettably, perhaps not people that are many to accomplish what exactly is beneficial to them. A lot of people could perhaps not determine what doing whenever getting out of bed in the; whether or not to exercise or to press the snooze switch one more time early morning.
Importance of Fat/Body Ratio
The following tips are extremely useful in reaching and keeping the human body fat that is perfect. This is specially perfect for ladies since they cope with an entire lot of things happening within their systems and are also more susceptible to weakening of bones. Not to mention that many women are underneath the stress of keeping by themselves stunning. It is strongly recommended that certain or two of those tips at the right time are included to the work out routine.
Stress maybe not that the work out routine just isn't sufficient. You should keep carefully the commitments one makes. Preferably, it really is encouraged to exercise three to five times a concerning 20-60 minutes week. Nevertheless, it is not exactly the case in the world that is real. One should not frustrate by herself by targeting the perfect when she knows it's utterly impossible for herself that. It two times a week for twenty moments per session, that will do just great if she an manage.
It's always best to give attention to doing exactly what one understands she can do than to reproach herself for having not done sufficient. She can start with this point and then a while later advance on. This will make her feel effective for having kept her dedication to by herself.
Weight Lifting Importance
Weight lifting should come first always. A lot of women always do cardio exercises first before weight lifting. A drawback of this is on cardiovascular training it is feasible to miss a vital part of the routine and spend the whole thing. A ladies may notice this by not having the ability to see results even after devoting hours being very long the gym. This is often precluded by reversing your order. This can guarantee visible outcome that is good.
Make sure to monitor heart rate. It is strongly recommended to exercise at 75-85% regarding the heart rate that is optimum. Many individuals stick to simply pumping up only 50% of the heart that is maximum rate. To ensure one is working away during the target that is recommended rate, she should make use of a heart rate monitor or any fitness equipment with this particular feature.
Workout for only an complete hour or less. Doing this will keep one from dreading the fitness center. Centering on the exercise while the aim to be accomplished can make each ongoing exercise session more and more efficient.
Be Social
Possess some kind of fitness help that is social. Being in an exercise community perhaps the element that is essential in your training program. A help that is social do amazing wonders and for that reason really should not be underestimated. It might be useful to exercise in a gym when in while if one customarily does her workout routines in the home. One can also take to classes in activities that have always been interesting such as yoga, pilates or sailing maybe. One can also join clubs such as a hiking club or perhaps a club that is operating example.
Pep talk yourself. One ought to not stress herself a lot of; instead, it is best to congratulate an individual's self and present away terms of encouragement in between exercises. You ought to never forget to state some feedback that is positive by herself.


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IN THE EARLY CRETACEOUS PERIOD, about 100 million years ago, Australia lay alongside Antarctica, which straddled the South Pole as it does today. Australia's southeastern corner, now the state of Victoria, lay well inside the Antarctic Circle. At that time, the region hosted an assemblage of animals and plants that lived under climate conditions having no modern analogue. The average temperature appears to have ranged from frigid to low temperate. Through the long winter, the sun did not shine for weeks or months at a time.
108 million years ago
108 million years ago
Australia today
Australia today
Dinosaur Cove
received bones gathered by floodwaters that periodically swept these broad plains. The bones, together with clay and silt, created the fossil-bearing formations of Dinosaur Cove (right).
SOUTHERN SUPERCONTINENT known as Gondwana began to break up more than 100 million years ago, when a rift valley formed between what would become Australia and Antarctica (left). Stream channels in the valley received bones gathered by floodwaters that periodically swept these broad plains. The bones, together with clay and silt, created the fossil-bearing formations of Dinosaur Cove (right).
Many dinosaur lineages survived in this strange environment after they had died out in other places. At least one member of the group evolved an adaptation to the cold and to the dark that is interesting both in itself and for what it tells of the passing of a biological epoch. If global cooling indeed killed the dinosaurs, as many paleontologists have suggested, then Australia's species were the ones most likely to have survived the longest. Did their adaptations to an already marginal climate help them survive a sharp cooling trend, one that caught species living on other continents unprepared?
Although the Cretaceous fossil plants of southeastern Australia have been studied for more than a century, the animals remained mostly hidden until recently. In 1903 geologist William Hamilton Ferguson found two bones that have had a bearing on later paleontological work— the tooth of a lungfish and the claw of a carnivorous dinosaur, assigned to the theropod genus Megalosaurus. For the next 75 years, as no further finds joined them, these bones lay neglected in a cabinet in Museum Victoria. Then, in 1978, two graduate students at Monash University, Tim F. Flannery and John A. Long, discovered near Ferguson's original site the first specimens of a trove of dinosaur bones embedded in hard sandstones and mudstones from the Early Cretaceous.
These discoveries—only an hour and a half's drive southeast of Melbourne— encouraged paleontologists to prospect other coastal sites. In 1980 we struck a rich lode in the Otway ranges, which the Victorian government, at our suggestion, has since named Dinosaur Cove. There, for a decade—with the help of Earthwatch and other volunteers, the National Geographic Society, the Australian Research Council, and Atlas Copco, a manufacturer of mining equip-ment—we spent three months out of every year chiseling, hammering and on occasion blasting tunnels into the fossil-bearing strata. With Dinosaur Cove worked out in 1994, effort has since been concentrated at a site about 300 kilometers east, called Flat Rocks. The rocks there are about 10 million years older than those at Dinosaur Cove.
Flat Rocks, Dinosaur Cove and other sites of similar character were formed when violent, seasonal streams swept broad floodplains of their accumulated bones and plant life, depositing this flotsam and jetsam at the bottom of shallow stream channels. These deposits appear along the southern Victorian shore because only there could gnawing waves expose the sediments laid down in the rift valley that formed when Australia and Antarctica went their separate ways, as did the other fragments of Gondwana, an ancient supercontinent [see illustration above]. Only two fossil sites from the same period have been found inland, one in sediments laid down under far quieter conditions at the bottom of an ancient lake. This inland site has therefore yielded some uncommonly well preserved specimens.
PATRICIA VICKERS-RICH and THOMAS HEWITT RICH collaborate on the study of fossils. Vick-ers-Rich holds a personal chair in paleontology at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. She is interested in reconstructing ancient environments, especially those without modern analogues, and in analyzing rapid biotic change. Rich is curator of vertebrate paleontology at Museum Victoria in Melbourne. He conducts research on the evolutionary patterns of Mesozoic vertebrates, specializing in primitive mammals and ornithischian dinosaurs. The Riches received undergraduate degrees in paleontology from the University of California, Berkeley, and doctorates in geology from Columbia University. They live near Melbourne and have two children.
Australia's dinosaurs are known from a mere 8,000 individual bones and two partial skeletons. Only a few hundred of the bones can be assigned to a given species or genus. What they lack in number, however, they make up for in scientific interest.
All efforts at interpretation revolve around the estimation of temperature, for which three methods have been tried. Robert T. Gregory of Southern Methodist University and his associates infer Australian paleoclimate from the ratio of oxygen 18 to oxygen 16 trapped in concretions in ancient rocks. They find that mean annual temperatures probably approached zero degrees Celsius but might have reached as high as eight degrees C. Such values occur today in Hudson Bay, Saskatchewan (zero degrees C), and in Minneapolis and Toronto (eight degrees C).
Work by Andrew Constantine of Origin Energy on structures preserved in the rocks in which the dinosaur bones are buried reveals evidence for the former existence of permafrost and ice wedging as well as patterned ground and hummocky ground. Such features are formed today in regions with mean annual temperatures of three degrees C below zero to three degrees C above zero. These structures are not as commonly encountered as the concretions, yet they are most obvious only three meters strati-graphically below the Flat Rocks locality where dinosaurs, mammals and associated fauna have been found. Evidence for the occurrence of permafrost had never before been reported in association with dinosaurs.
Robert A. Spicer of the Open University in the U.K. and Judith Totman Parrish of the University of Idaho instead deduce temperature from the structure of ancient plants, arriving at the somewhat higher mean annual temperature of 10 degrees C. Their research with colleagues has demonstrated that polar Australia supported conifers, ginkgoes, ferns, cy-cads, bryophytes and horsetails but only a few angiosperms, or flowering plants, identifiable by a sprinkling of pollen. The angiosperms were then just beginning to spread into new niches. Perhaps they got their start by exploiting weedy ecological systems in the rift valleys that formed as the supercontinent split apart.
Spicer and Parrish noticed that evergreens, which provided forage in all seasons, had thick cuticles and other structural features that indicate adaptation to cold or dryness (perhaps brought on by winter freezing). Deciduous plants offer another climatic clue: they seem to have lost all their leaves at once. These mass falls may have been triggered by darkness or cold. Drought, however, probably did not serve as a constant cue—the sedimentary record and the abundance of ferns and bryophytes argue for conditions that were moist in all seasons except perhaps winter.
IF THE HIGHER ESTIMATE of mean temperature is correct, Australia was both temperate and subject to a period of continuous darkness every year—a combination with absolutely no modern counterpart. The winter night lasted between six weeks and four and a half months, depending on the true paleolat-itude. Because the lower extreme of temperature would then have fallen well below the mean, most of the vertebrates preserved as fossils must have lived quite close to their thermal limits. Some, such as lungfish, cannot now breed in waters colder than 10 degrees C.
If, on the other hand, the lower mean temperature is correct, it becomes more than a typical scientific challenge to understand how this paleocommunity functioned at all. Before seriously attacking this problem, scientists will first have to demonstrate that it exists. To refine the estimate of the average annual temperature, a multidisciplinary team is comparing floral, geochemical and other forms of evidence.
Nothing in this fauna is quite so peculiar to the region as the koala is today, for although the species and genera were local, they belonged to cosmopolitan families. Yet their adaptations are striking, as is the fact that some survived beyond the time of demise for their families elsewhere.
Among such anachronisms—or relicts—are the labyrinthodont amphibians, ancestors of modern amphibians
ACUTE NIGHT VISION is suggested by the eyes and brain of Leaellynasaura amicagraphica, a hypsilophodontid shown here at life size (top). The large eyes were common to all hypsilophodontids and may have helped the group dominate an environment marked by seasonal darkness. This hypothesis may also explain the huge optic lobes, of which the left one can be seen at the rear of this natural brain cast (bottom, enlarged), formed when silt solidified in the skull.
ACUTE NIGHT VISION is suggested by the eyes and brain of Leaellynasaura amicagraphica, a hypsilophodontid shown here at life size (top). The large eyes were common to all hypsilophodontids and may have helped the group dominate an environment marked by seasonal darkness. This hypothesis may also explain the huge optic lobes, of which the left one can be seen at the rear of this natural brain cast (bottom, enlarged), formed when silt solidified in the skull.
and reptiles. Most paleontologists had thought this group went extinct by the Jurassic, some 160 million years ago. In the past 25 years, however, Michael Clee-land and Lesley Kool of Monash University found three jaws from this group in Victorian sediments dating from the Early Cretaceous. Two of the jaws were unmistakable, because their teeth had the labyrinthine infolding of the enamel that gives this group its name. At least one large species of labyrinthodonts lived in polar Australia 115 million years ago, several million years after the group had died out elsewhere.
How did they survive? We suspect that the cool weather preserved the animals from competition with crocodiles, which were probably poorly adapted to the conditions prevailing in southeastern Australia until the onset of climatic warming during the last five million years of the Early Cretaceous. The hypothesis rests on the fact that contemporary croc-odilians now live in waters no colder than 10 degrees C, whereas some modern frogs and salamanders can be active in meltwater from snow.
Another late survivor was a close relative of the familiar Allosaurus, a carnivorous theropod. Elsewhere in the world this animal ranged up to five meters in height, but the southeastern Australian specimen stood no more than two meters high—hardly taller than a human. This "pygmy," presumably a juvenile, is the latest-surviving allosaur that has yet been found. It remains unclear whether this species also owed its longevity to some niche that cold climate may have carved out for it. The discovery of juvenile forms (but no eggshells so far) does suggest that these dinosaurs were not just casual visitors but lived near the pole for much of the year, using the area as a nursery during the period of maximum sunlight.
Unlike the allosaurs, many dinosaurs of Australia were not the last in their lineage; some may have been the first. At least two and perhaps as many as four families of dinosaurs have been recognized that include forms which are either the oldest or among the oldest of their kind. For instance, the ornithomimo-saurs, carnivores of ostrichlike size and appearance, are manifestly primitive and among the oldest within this group. The elongated, slender hind limbs of the Australian species made them the gazelles of the dinosaur world, able to escape from predators and to run down prey. The or-nithomimosaurs probably originated in Gondwana and spread northward to join the later Cretaceous faunas of North America and Eurasia, where they enjoyed wide success.
Two very small theropods remain unidentified, but one seems to resemble
TRANSVERSE SECTION of the femora from the ornithomimosaur Timimus hermani (left) shows prominent lines of arrested growth (arrow), indicating severe slowing of metabolism during prolonged winter night. But in a similar section from the hypsilophodontid L. amicagraphica (right) from Dinosaur Cove, such lines are absent, meaning the polar creature remained active during the dark season.
TRANSVERSE SECTION of the femora from the ornithomimosaur Timimus hermani (left) shows prominent lines of arrested growth (arrow), indicating severe slowing of metabolism during prolonged winter night. But in a similar section from the hypsilophodontid L. amicagraphica (right) from Dinosaur Cove, such lines are absent, meaning the polar creature remained active during the dark season.
an egg-eating oviraptosaur, known until now exclusively from the younger Cretaceous rocks of North America and Asia. These groups may also have an origin in Gondwana.
Yet another dinosaur group that has recently been identified belongs to the neoceratopsians, or horned dinosaurs. Identification is tentative, because it is based on just two ulnae (part of the lower arm), but the similarity to Leptocer-atops, a browser the size of a sheep, is uncanny. Previously, all neoceratopsian reshaped forms that continued to flourish in other regions. By far the most successful such group consisted of the hyp-silophodontid dinosaurs. These animals, most of them hardly larger than a chicken, were bipeds built for speed, with large hind legs, small but well-developed hands, substantial tails and—for the most part—herbivorous habits. They thus resembled wallabies in both shape and ecological role.
The family Hypsilophodontidae was common throughout the world from the would have been no lack of food then, for those capable of seeing it: the herbivores could have lived off evergreens and deciduous leaf mats, and the carnivores could have hunted the herbivores.
This hypothesis also explains why this group came to dominate the polar environment in the first place. Hyp-silophodontids everywhere in the world had large eyes and, presumably, acute vision. That trait could have given them their foothold in polar Australia. Once established in this "protected" environ-
These animals, so SUPERBLY ADAPTED
to the cold and dark, could not have been driven to extinction BY AN ARTIFICIAL WINTER.
records dated from the Late Cretaceous and, with the exception of a few bones from Argentina, came from the Northern Hemisphere. Recent reports indicate the existence of Early Cretaceous neoceratopsians in Utah and China. This dinosaur family may also have arisen in the southern supercontinent.
In addition to dinosaurs, the region provides evidence for mammals that appear to be among the earliest members of their groups. The minuscule Ausktri-bosphenos resembles the living spineless hedgehog Neotetracus. This animal may have been a placental. If so, it is as old as the oldest placentals reported from the Northern Hemisphere and twice the age of the oldest marsupial yet found in Australia. This age is surprising because the domination of Australia by marsupials is typically explained as the result of land-dwelling placentals reaching the continent long after the marsupials.
Another mammalian group, whose presence is no surprise, is the mono-tremes. An isolated limb bone of one of them has a structure suggestive of a more upright stance than either the echidna or the platypus. A second species is by far the smallest monotreme, weighing only 1 percent as much as any other living or fossil member of the group.
Middle Jurassic to Late Cretaceous times, but its prominence reaches an absolute and relative peak in the Victorian sediments. Not only do hypsilophodon-tids constitute most of the dinosaur remains, they are also represented by four to five genera, depending on the taxo-nomic criteria one uses, and five to six species. Other areas, some much more richly endowed with dinosaur species, never harbored more than three kinds of hypsilophodontids at a time. Something clearly favored the diversification of this group in polar Australia.
A PARTICULARLY intriguing adaptation of at least one species of polar hypsilophodontid is suggested by the magnificently preserved brain cast of Leaellynasaura amicagraphica (named after our daughter, along with friends of the Museum of Victoria and the National Geographic Society). The brain, unusually large for a dinosaur of this size, bears the marks of optic lobes the relative size of which is easily the greatest ever documented in a hypsilophodontid.
How is one to interpret these enlarged lobes? We hypothesize that they enhanced the animals' ability to see in the dark, enabling them to forage effectively during the long winter months. There ment, the hypsilophodontids could have competed with one another to produce the observed diversity of genera and species, perhaps all sharing hypertrophied optic lobes.
If the animals foraged at night, they must have been active at freezing or sub-freezing temperatures. This feat goes far beyond the cold tolerance of any modern reptile, even the New Zealand tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus, which can remain active at five degrees C provided it can sun itself. Leaellynasaura could have survived solely by maintaining a constant body temperature, eating frequently, as birds do in wintertime.
More evidence that the hypsilopho-dontids remained active during the prolonged winter night is found in the microscopic structure of their bones, deciphered by Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan of the South African Museum. So-called lines of arrested growth form when terrestrial vertebrates markedly slow down or cease their growth. The markings appear as dark lines of dense bone against a background of lighter bone. The lines can be laid during a period of lack of food or water or when an animal esti-vates or hibernates. The hypsilophodon-tids from polar southeastern Australia, as well as from elsewhere, all lack such lines, unlike the majority of dinosaurs. So they seem to have maintained relatively uniform metabolic activity year round.
Pterosaurs—the flying reptiles—and the heavily armored ankylosaurs also appear in the Gondwana fossil record, but the remains are so fragmented that they tell us little about the animals' lives. Much can be gleaned from one handful of teeth, however, for they come from plesiosaurs. These long-necked reptiles, not themselves dinosaurs, generally paddled the seas, but here they inhabited fresh water in the ancient valley between Australia and Antarctica. They thus recall the Ganges River dolphin, one of the few cetaceans that live in fresh water.
The sauropods are one of the few major dinosaur groups that are absent. These giants, familiar from the example of Apatosaurus (or Brontosaurus, as it is more popularly known), lived at that time in Australia's lower latitudes. Not one, however, has been found farther south nor, indeed, in any of the nine Cretaceous polar dinosaur sites so far identified in both hemispheres. The only polar sauropod yet discovered is the much older (Early Jurassic) Rhoetosaurus from northeastern Australia.
The apparent restriction of these large dinosaurs to lower latitudes in the Cretaceous of Australia may be real or merely an artifact of sampling. We worry about this question because the flood-
waters that broke out of rain-swollen rivers would have collected small and medium-size bones but left large ones. The body of a sauropod would have stayed put rather than floating to a place where many specimens were concentrated in the small flood channels, which were no more than five to 10 meters in width and 20 to 30 centimeters in depth.
Yet we suspect there was an underlying tendency toward small body size in these polar environs. None of the hyp-silophodontids, it must be remembered, stood taller than a human, and most were barely knee-high. The dwarf allosaurid matches the smallest we have examined in the North American collections. The
HARD ROCK made hard work for these volunteer paleontologists at Dinosaur Cove in Australia. Full-scale mining techniques (left) and rock saws [right)
are used to extract fossil-bearing slabs, which tend to fracture along the planes containing the largest treasures.
HARD ROCK made hard work for these volunteer paleontologists at Dinosaur Cove in Australia. Full-scale mining techniques (left) and rock saws [right)
are used to extract fossil-bearing slabs, which tend to fracture along the planes containing the largest treasures.
ornithomimosaur is equally unprepossessing, and the protoceratopsid and the ankylosaur are each no bigger than a sheep. A single fragment of a claw constitutes our sole record of a large di-nosaur—a carnivore, apparently similar to Baryonyx of England—which may have measured up to eight meters in length.
This pattern contradicts the classic scaling laws formulated by Carl Bergmann and Joel Allen in the 19th century. According to these laws, animals in a given lineage tend to become larger and more compact as the average temperature of their environment falls. This trend is exemplified by the comparison of mountain lions in Canada with pumas of Central America and of human populations in the subarctic and tropical zones.
Other factors also determine body dimensions, especially the size of the territory in which a population lives. Individuals found on islands are often smaller than their mainland counterparts. For example, there were dwarf elephants on the ancient Mediterranean islands, and pygmy mammoths were recently found in 4,000-year-old sediments on islands off the north coast of Siberia. Dwarfism may be a response to selective pressure to increase the number of individuals so as to ensure a gene pool diverse enough for the species to survive in a restricted area. This effect has also been observed on peninsu-las—and ancient southeast Australia was a peninsula of the Gondwana landmass.
The dinosaurs on that peninsula were trapped virtually at the ends of the earth. Their direct path north was blocked by a vast inland sea, which they could have passed only by going hundreds of kilometers to the west before wheeling about to the north. At the end of such labors, they would have been able to catch, at most, an hour of sun a day in winter. Migration would have made little sense for such small animals.
Less formidable barriers sealed in the dinosaurs of the one other polar site that has yielded large quantities of fossils: the North Slope of Alaska. The dinosaurs there had a clear north-south corridor along which they could migrate with ease. It is significant that those dinosaurs were big—at least equal in size to caribou, wildebeest and other modern animals that migrate.
ONE MUST QUESTION whether animals so superbly adapted to the cold and the dark could have been driven to extinction by an artificial winter, such as is supposed to have followed a cataclysmic event at the boundary between the Cre-
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text: Mid to Late January Updates: Just dropped by to say that I have just uploaded a few images of recent progress on the Forcett Coach, which just go to show that this was never going to be an easy job! The linked image shows the new and old end cills. I hope to be able to add a couple more images quite soon. http://www.flickr.com/photos/60884630@N06/6755732733/in/photostream Thanks for looking, commenting etc StoneRoad


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text: Somebody is about to win 2 MILLION DOLLARS playing Fantasy Football. That is insane. Seriously insane. My question is simple. What do you guys think takes it down? A WR going off? A low owned TE? A D going for 40? Some kind of stack? I am going to go out on a limb and say a Locker Walker stack takes it home. With all the TY. What do you guys think?


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Nov. 17, 2017
Oregon Heritage, a division of Oregon Parks and Recreation Department, awarded 18 grants totaling $230,000 to organizations across the state for projects that conserve, develop and interpret Oregon's cultural heritage. Projects range from exhibits to oral history and awards range from $2,000-$20,000.
Funded organizations include:
This competitive grant program is for qualifying organizations, and is offered once per biennium. It is a program of the Oregon Heritage Commission, comprised of nine people representing Oregon's heritage and geographical diversity who have been appointed by the Governor. There are nine advisory representatives from state agencies and statewide organizations. The mission of the Oregon Heritage Commission is to secure, sustain, and enhance Oregon's heritage by ensuring coordination of heritage initiatives by public and private organizations; advocacy on its behalf; education of the public about its extent and value; and promotion and celebration of its diversity. The Commission is part of Oregon Heritage, a division of Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. To learn more about the Oregon Heritage Grant or the Oregon Heritage Commission, visit www.oregonheritage.org or contact Kuri Gill at firstname.lastname@example.com or 503-986-0685.
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Karissa and Robbie Neal's new escape room in Downtown Kelso was almost predestined, considering how much they love games.
"Games have always been a part of what we do," said Karissa Neal, 25. "We've been youth pastors for nine years in Kalama, and ... how we've shared the Gospel is we bring kids in with games. How we stay connected with friends is game nights."
The couple's new venture, Puzzle Quest, will open Thursday and was inspired by a visit to a Seattle escape room. The Neals began building the puzzles in June, leased the Vine Street building in October and spent three months renovating the space.
An escape room is an adventure game in which players are trapped in a room and must solve a series of puzzles and riddles using clues, hints and strategy to complete the objectives at hand before they can leave.
Players are given a set time limit to unveil the secret plot hidden within the rooms.
Without giving too much away, Puzzle Quest's theme focuses around an epidemic that turns people into zombies. Visitors are trapped in the scenario for 60 minutes while they try to complete puzzles to find the cure. Otherwise they become zombies themselves.
According to the Neals, remodeling the building, which included building new walls, cost less than $10,000. The duo recently stepped down as youth pastors at Riverview Community Church in Kalama to run Puzzle Quest.
Robbie Neal, 26, said they developed the escape room after visiting many other rooms and watching some online. As for the zombie theme, he said that was inspired by horror/action shows like "The Walking Dead" and "Z Nation."
You have free articles remaining.
"We've been kind of watching the trends, and it seems like … there's kind of a craze right now for the zombie thing," Robbie Neal noted.
However, the couple says that they'll rotate out the scenario every four to six months, or whenever most people interested have already run through the room.
In terms of the puzzles' difficulty, the Neals say their escape room is "adaptable to anybody," due to the moderator present in the room with a group. The moderator can give out clues and assistance if a group requests it.
To encourage visitors to bring their full attention to the scenario (and discourage people from taking photos of the puzzles and putting them online), cellphones are taken from participants before they enter the room and put into lockers in the lobby.
Karissa Neal said they implemented the no-phones rule so visitors "...don't end up sitting in the corner on their phone. They have to be a part of a team and work together with people they're there with."
Although visitors are "trapped" in the room for a full hour, Robbie Neal said that the doors aren't technically locked, partly to make emergency evacuations easier, and partly for insurance reasons.
"We found out that to lock people in the room, you have to be insured as a prison, so we decided that we would not go that route," he said, laughing.
Puzzle Quest won't accept walk-in visitors: Anyone interested has to book their group up to three hours in advance at www.puzzlequestllc.com.


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The Rockwell International 114 touched down during landing at the airport in Cairo, Illinois, with the landing gear retracted and skidded to a stop in grass about 140′ past the end of the runway threshold.
The pilot reported during a telephone conversation with the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigator-in-charge that, "it was a simple gear-up landing, I forgot to put the switch down."
He added that he was not wearing noise canceling headphones, and he reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.
The left wing sustained substantial damage. The pilot reported in the NTSB Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident/Incident Report, "no accident, as specified by NTSB for gear up landing, is admitted."
Probable cause: The pilot's failure to extend the landing gear before landing, which resulted in a gear-up landing and a runway overrun.
NTSB Identification: GAA17CA483
This August 2017 accident report is provided by the National Transportation Safety Board. Published as an educational tool, it is intended to help pilots learn from the misfortunes of others.


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Dy CM pledges auditorium for Cuncolim
Deputy Chief Minister Francis D'Souza has promised a state-of-the art auditorium in Cuncolim within the next two years.
He was speaking at the inauguration of the Rs 4.5 crore Cuncolim Municipal market complex-cum-community hall in the presence of Cuncolim MLA Rajan Naik, Cuncolim Municipal Chairperson Devendra Naik, Councilors and citizens.
The Urban Development Minister urged the Cuncolim Municipal Council to identify suitable land for the construction of the proposed auditorium, promising to complete the work within two years. He also promised to provide a host of facilities to the existing community hall and called for expediting work on parking facility near the hall.
The commercial complex-cum-community hall has been awaiting inauguration over the last one year following a change in political guard. Decks were cleared for the inauguration of the community hall following a visit by Chief Minister Manohar Parrikar last year.
In his address, the Cuncolim MLA said that he has proposed a host of development projects in the constituency and informed that the Chief Minister has promised to sanction government funds to finance the projects on a priority basis. [H]


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City, Manchester
Hays Specialist Recruitment Limited
Painter required for HMP Manchester
Your new company
You will be working for HMP Manchester for a facilities management and maintenance company. This company ensures that all maintenance projects throughout the prison are completed to a high standard
HMP Manchester is a high-security men's category A prison in the central of Manchester.
Your new role
This role is a rolling on going contract. Within this role, you will be carrying out planned and reactive maintenance within HMP Manchester. You should possess good creative and practical skills. You must be able to apply paint, varnish and wallpaper. you will be carrying out all refurbishment works across the prison including work on the wings, in the cells, administration block and visiting centre. You may also be asked to complete jobs that are not all painting and decorating work. All of the tools which need to be used will be provided for by the prison. You will also be expected to work either one in 4 or one in 3 weekends (this could also include on call hours)
What you'll need to succeed
To be considered for this role, you will need to be able to pass an enhanced vetting procedure. You will also need to provide city and guild qualifications, time served will also be considered. You just need to be security conscious, able to challenge potential compromises and risk, and be reliable. To be successful for this role, you will need to pass a DBS clearance security clearance (organised by Hays) and also Prison clearance.
To apply for the DBS, you must hold a valid passport or Birth Certificate & Photo Driving Licence in your current address, proof of National Insurance and proof of address dated in the past 3 months.
All applicants must be able to provide details of at least 2 satisfactory references, one from an ex-employer.
What you'll get in return
What you'll get in return
You will be paid £12.37 per hour, plus any overtime rates and this will be paid to your account on a weekly basis You will be working 7.45am – 4.45pm, Monday to Friday.
What you need to do now
If you're interested in this role, click 'apply now' to forward an up-to-date copy of your CV, or call us now.
If this job isn't quite right for you but you are looking for a new position, please contact us for a confidential discussion on your career.
Hays Specialist Recruitment Limited acts as an employment agency for permanent recruitment and employment business for the supply of temporary workers. By applying for this job you accept the T&C's, Privacy Policy and Disclaimers which can be found at hays.co.uk


text: Issue #14033 has been updated by phluid61 (Matthew Kerwin). I am opposed to this alias as proposed. 1. `<<` is known to be "dangerous", but other "safe" concatenation operations exist for String (e.g. `+`). I would expect that a *new* word-based name for the dangerous operation would end with "`!`". 2. `<<` (and `concat`) casts integers as codepoints. `prepend` requires that *all* arguments are Stringy (c.f. `+`). A method named to be like `prepend`, but that behaves like `concat`, is confusing. 3. `<<` only accepts a single argument, but `concat` accepts many, so this alias would introduce confusion about which method (concat vs. append) has what arity. If the proposal were about adding [new functionality](https://github.com/phluid61/mug/blob/master/lib/mug/affix.rb) I think it would be worth considering, but I'm against adding a new name for the sake of it. ---------------------------------------- Feature #14033: Alias String#<< as String#append https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14033#change-67366 * Author: sos4nt (Stefan Schler) * Status: Open * Priority: Normal * Assignee: * Target version: ---------------------------------------- Ruby 2.5 introduces `Array#append` as an alias for `<<` / `push`. Likewise, there should be `String#append` as an alias for `<<` / `concat`. The documentation for `<<` even says "append": > Appendˇ˝Concatenates the given object to str. [...] And `String` already has a `prepend` method. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/ Unsubscribe: <mailto:ruby-core-request / ruby-lang.org?subject=unsubscribe> <http://lists.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/mailman/options/ruby-core>


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16+ Best Of Qm Handbuch Pflege Vorlage Bilder
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You're in a position publish all the receipts into a booklet in compliance and to get into the free of charge. For increased functionality and flexibility, it will be likely to likewise earn a receipt template. The reception template is still a extensive document mentioning the purchase or obtain details along with the amount. A reception template includes features which may be great to get a substantial selection of companies. Welcome into the Receipt Template web site at which you might be at a position to download an assortment of receipt templates that are high-quality at no price tag.
By deciding on out a template, you don't will need to get worried about the format itself. The way to Use the Chronological Resume Format A Chronological resume would be your most straightforward to develop plus it's also probably the format that is most often used. It is important to appear exhaustive the faculty resume illustrations online Just before you select the suitable arrangement. You are going to understand there are 3 sorts of format used employed for resumes. So the arrangement is critical in getting ready an proper demonstration of your own resume. Since it's got the extensive data of almost any endeavor, perfect structure and design are essential aspects in a report.
On a few web sites, you would discover samples that comprise the advice you will choose to put on your own cover letter. The sample supplied below will offer you a fantastic strategy to publish it at the way. Perhaps though trying to locate examples you detected inadequate samples throughout the net. You're ready to refer resume samples and can write the objective that would make an impression at a glance. Resume target samples can easily be available.
You will discover that the arrangement composed of resume sections that are unique. Adding an objectives section in the beginning of one's resume provides a succinct introduction into the use of the resume as well as the kind of task that you are looking for. It really is typical for job-seekers to will include a brief objectives section in the beginning of these resume The goals section are the factor employers looks, and may be an important portion of an resume at.
If you are producing an introduction letter to obtain a cover letter, it's essential that the correspondence will not drag and is a good example of brevity. Letters of launch are usually written together using the objective of introducing a employee into some small business organization, also it composed to inquire about a livelihood prospect. Producing a business letter of introduction might grow in to a good deal less complicated in the event that you simply adhere to this easy structure .
Folks must have pay for letter to make the most of their likelihood of landing do the job. A internship resume employment cover letter will be something that you create to provide you with the advantage within the other candidates. This letter work that the individual has finished the class period duration. If you should be creating a certification letter to get a employee, then it's wise to supply how details and this dates of occupation linked together. For a employee, this letter plays a crucial position, because it allows them to commence the newest career path. From time to time, individuals don't see the full letter and scan. It was be reminder letter.
Let's see how outsourcing is helpful to this company in addition. To do so, employers will need to focus in your own abilities and experiences and this also might too improve your odds of having granted access into the business enterprise. Another precaution employers choose to limit the opportunity to get a occupation applicant that is dishonest to acquire through the door is to have a announcement.
Some workers are not going to provide a top rating on thinking that no teaching is great. Even the Certificate Employee can be an important region of the alliance among the staff along with a firm. Then a few compliments may possibly also be inserted within this kind of the letter, As soon as a worker has given quality of job. It truly is something which should be done to all of employees that are probable, before they are in fact. You are able to consult your prior worker to supply one's services' testimonial. Are very likely to many unique topics that are different.
Our internet site has a massive array. Make certain you get the information that you're searching for. Please bear in mind that most records from the checklist has to be documents that are independent.
A laboratory technician cover letter sample can provide you a template of the sort of correspondence that will secure the attention in hiring supervisors. You may encounter career assessment examinations that are great . Receive certification personally, Along with using to pay for a client list with technical aid, should this kind of homebased job curiosity you and see a organization to operate for. Your training you have carried out into your resume along with when you're inputting your certificates ensure that you will find this advice before your job encounter. Some specialist certificates require work that's attained during the training which employees show up at.
Certainly one of the most troublesome requirements in a worker's lifetime will be as soon because the primary source of earnings arrives to your comprehensive stop. You may possibly be talking about and attempting to resolve the problems of this guy or girl who is in the business' position. Based on the kind of task getting done, there's obviously a necessity. Make certain what you write is simple and tidy to see. Be as prepared as you can before you are faced with the inescapable. You may understand that you have found a superior probability of landing just work, When it is possible to follow through with that.
My own life become a blend of amounts and always has been. It's time and energy to give advice for your own work expertise. Just take the measures to restrain your stress should you pick that now isn't the perfect time and energy to walk out from the job out. Some individuals utilize the full time to get gaining invaluable experience that they wouldn't have grown in their current placement and retraining themselves.
Since tasks are advertised needing a particular skill group, it's going to come to be obvious for the hiring manager who realizes someone doesn't understand just how exactly to carry out the work. Job following is a sample employment cover letter which will direct. The occupation really is a great resolution for a range of all men and women who have prior comprehension in supermarket shops, because the duties are alike and includes plenty of regular, however repayment is just somewhat better. Thus then you wonat do researching one among those organizations mentioned previously, or info that is useful will be yielded by an easy Google search. When losing your occupation, getting back into the job market is difficult to manage.
Ideally, the worker screening method needs to be complete. Any compliance program adopted with an company or institution has to be tailored. Fortunately, that the USDA food stamp system permits the self to get foodstuff benefits.
Sentiment analysis is really a type of text re-search scientist mining. It makes it possible for one to check over your operations. You'll additionally require analysis which will take into consideration past and performance. A market investigation is among the approaches that are prominent to be knowledgeable regarding styles and the surgeries of the industry you could input. Make certain you get a competitive analysis comprised in your organization plan too. Exploratory data analysis can be a device that is powerful.
As with any content into your own organization, your case study deserves supply that is solid. Case studies are some of the the best kinds of content in the social marketer's arsenal. Request their approval on the case analysis, and also ask them to allow you to recognize if anything needs to be corrected.
There isn't a single way due to the fact there wasn't a single means to fix precisely the Casestudy. There is A case analysis a inbound promotion and marketing opportunity for your own organization. After it is composed, you are going to definitely want to send a draft permitting the opportunity. I'm incapable to worry ample to get information and an matter that imitates a genuine endeavor, if you should be making a case study. Believe in meit is not worthwhile to the loss of honor to push the issue, also you shouldn't publish an incident investigation with no approval. Providing a example necessitates an extra level of customer and project management whilst to find acquisition and participation from your client. Completed very well, you're able to make multiple instance reports from precisely the exact same planning.
You can find lots of other formats to furnish product-specific or firm advice including data sheets for example, to a audience. It is likely to test text and also the detail degree is dependent in your own targets. Your strategy record will probably undoubtedly be quite individual to your business, which is why it's nearly impossible for all of us to create an digital advertisements strategy template. Employing a template permits you to exude the stress about how a plan should look so you're ready to center on content. The business demonstration template is more excellent to showcase your firm's story in a way that is exact easy and compelling.
Discussing of the case investigation, in case you should be looking for one plus you also can't appear to find out where to look for this. So you recognize just how exactly to generate a gap investigation on your business, and you've viewed the template I've used previously. So it's an extensive summary. You prefer to pull together a whole lot over it is possible to effectively use within only a single case study, When you become started accumulating the information. It will be potential that you state loads of helpful information by showing services or your goods may be used without needing a bundle and sharing the accomplishment of one. Okay, so when you know just how to gather consumer information efficiently, you are able to move ahead to outlining your organization proposition.
Avoid buzz-words if you don't work in a exact technical field and stay glued to clean and easy to comprehend terminology. Like a way to enhance efficiency and endurance, every firm should experience a few changes every once in awhile. No matter whether youdeveloping it daybyday or 've just begun your business, a company app is exactly that which you would need all through your trip. Operational Plan-in which you just describe exactly the procedure in. Whenever you could be clear on where you have to take your own organization, purposeful strategies can be addressed by you from the industry program. If you should be excited to find more information regarding promotion and also the manner in which you may construct an effective advertisements and marketing strategy for the corporation, check outThe Simple Guide to Digital Strategy at 2016. Ostensibly, a strategy is just several objectives, or an agenda of action to reach that objective.
In other words, the corporation instance must be capable to furnish a brief summary of the job including most of of the points together with conclusion or conclusion. Business Case Writing includes all reasons that need to persuade someone to offer service. With the sharing one of the executives and employees, their conclusions have the ability and continue being interrelated due. After that, clarify precisely what approaches and methods you'll apply to give a way in your organization proposal. Exactly like whenever you compose and design a resume, make certain your proposal is not hard to read to your consumer. Possessing a template is likely to create tips that are new easier for you.
Technically, WordPress developers make usage of their WordPress interface to produce and maintain sites. It isn't hard to locate a programmer that is wordpress by linking among the above networks. Employing a freelancer WordPress developer is many times a better method of finding the task accomplished.
Web programmers should be acquainted with matters for example data exploration. An internet developer will expect to make a wage at the collection of 35,000 to $105,000 yearly. In order to obtain your internet programmer resume detected, you will have to have experience using broad array of protocols and Internet programming platforms. World wide net programmers demand a powerful comprehension of consumers. A great net programmer resume carries the ability to summarize the experience a programmer needs in all the disciplines that increase and customers will have to keep their presence. Great, then you aren't a programmer.
There is surely when it's to perform programmer resumes. It is normal for developers to work in groups using unique programmers or alternative pros to make a website that satisfies the demands of customers. You must not rush into deciding on a developer. Our internet developer resume examples may reveal to you how to present your own credentials so that employers can see that your thorough experience and proficient history. Our Web Developer resume sample might be implemented whilst the reference level for the profile also. Web developers need to become continuously understanding programs in order to keep on track with all the technologies. Usually, you'll just need to compose a career goal in case you should be a web developer that is brand-new without experience.
Web designers need to comprehend how WordPress works and also the best way touse this, and also so do bloggers (obvs!) An online designer would be the culprit for making the functionality and look of the internet site. He's responsible for creating and maintaining perhaps even a list of customers, or the web presence of one corporation.
Templates are one way to make sure arrangement behind your resume. The templates are all adorable and really simple. Without costing, last but most certainly not least, templates experienced to sell in a price tag, because we presume that everybody else needs to be in a position to present on their own very well for job. There are a few resume templates for term you may download around the web at no cost, but they're usually not so resourceful.
There are various types of sites and there are several tools that you may utilize to develop them. Additionally you will make plenty of mockup websites. A easy means to begin with is by utilizing a web-based web site to include portfolio and your own CV. Obviously saythe most prosperous websites will be the absolute functional. Building user-friendly, userfriendly applications and websites is quite a passion of mine and I am confident I would have been a wonderful add-on to your own organization.
It is likely to install a WordPress resume theme . Understanding how to make use of WordPress is very important to any project that is technician. WordPress is an ideal platform to create your existence that is on line that is professional. WordPress can be a open-source material management platform that's renowned because of its own blogging platform. WordPress is one of the most effective source blogging and content management systems readily available on-line now. WordPress looked to pick. WordPress has really begun to be content management system on the planet.
You obtain yourself a wider collection of options, although you may utilize the tool free of charge. The application saves a terrific deal of your time. It supplies designs that are simple but also the application may be used to generate visuals just to get a section of their undertaking or a little. Lots of these programs are cited listed here are quite a few of the programs out from the market which allow you to look the best info-graphic. The above mentioned tools will certainly enable you gain to the result. There are plenty of tools .
A excellent deal of occupations require that you manage projects, and tech is the same. If you're enthusiastic about receiving job in technician but perhaps maybe not sure at which you should commence, then a superior plan is to check at job listingsmountains and mountains of occupation listings. You asked to submit a resume and cover letter, or perhaps your account Whenever you are requesting for work. There are web growth projects throughout the planet.
Resumes do not have to take so much of one's energy but really should not be ignored. They don't need to be more uninteresting. They supply an employer with the first beliefs that an applicant cannot devote throughout the first period of the applying practice.


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1 May 2019
4 Summer Court, harkness VIC
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• 4 bedrooms, 3 with BIR, main with WIR and deluxe ensuite
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Perfectly positioned in a peaceful cul-de-sac, walk to Arnolds Creek parkland, FoodWorks shopping, local bus transport and quality schools.
For more information, please contact Ashwin Sharma today.
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Smart LED light bulbs are wildly popular right now, and they should be because they're awesome. That said, there are some instances where you don't need the added expensive of connectivity and "smarts" to enjoy intelligent features. A perfect example is Philips' LED Dusk-to-Dawn A19 Frosted Light Bulbs, which are discounted right now on Amazon. Without the need for Wi-Fi, a smart home hub, or any apps, these great outdoor bulbs automatically turn on at dusk and then off again in the morning at dawn. At $8.25 a bulb, you really can't go wrong.
Here are the highlights from the product page:
- Philips Classic Glass A19 Indoor/Outdoor LED light bulbs provide 800 Lumen's of soft white light, equivalent to 60-watt incandescents with 80% less energy use. These bulbs fit standard medium base (E26) fixtures with the look and feel of a classic bulb. Not for use with Philips HUE products.
- At 2700-Kelvin, these soft white bulbs offer warm and comfortable lighting with high CRI (color rendering index) to deliver bright, crisp color ideal for whole room ambient light as well as in area lamps.
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Follow @BGRDeals on Twitter to keep up with the latest and greatest deals we find around the web. Prices subject to change without notice and any coupons mentioned above may be available in limited supply. BGR may receive a commission on orders placed through this article.


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A Survey on Heterogeneous Face Matching: NIR Images to VIS ImagesJournal: International Journal for Scientific Research and Development | IJSRD (Vol.3, No. 11)
Publication Date: 2016-02-01
Authors : Sandhya R.Wadhavane; Prof.Dr.S.M.Kamlapur;
Page : 513-516
Keywords : Acquisition System; Heterogeneous Face; Near Infrared (NIR) Face Image; Visible (VIS) Face Image;
Human face matching plays an important role in applications such as criminal identification, banking, video surveillance and credit card verification. Face images are captured by different acquisition systems like visible light cameras and infrared imaging devices. Visible light cameras capture visible light images while near infrared images are captured by infrared imaging devices. These images are called heterogeneous images as they have different image formation characteristics like qualities of cameras, sensors used in cameras and different environment conditions. Matching heterogeneous images is subject of the research. This survey provides a review of different existing techniques for heterogeneous face matching. These techniques commonly categories into two parts namely Invariant feature based techniques and Common space based techniques. Moreover, the datasets available and performance parameters for evaluation are also discussed.
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Last modified: 2016-01-28 17:05:03


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Comments on I don't go to church on Sundays - I go to media TypePad 2018-08-22T17:43:27Z Keith Jackson https://www.pngattitude.com/ tag:typepad.com,2003:https://asopa.typepad.com/asopa_people/2018/08/i-dont-go-to-church-on-sundays/comments/atom.xml/ Bernard Corden commented on 'I don't go to church on Sundays - I go to media' tag:typepad.com,2003:6a00d83454f2ec69e2022ad38b5f49200d 2018-08-23T02:57:46Z 2018-08-23T02:57:46Z Bernard Corden I can recall a minister in the Canadian parliament who claimed that he spent the first few months how he...
I can recall a minister in the Canadian parliament who claimed that he spent the first few months how he reached such dizzy heights and the remainder of his tenure wondering how his colleagues got there.
 Philip Fitzpatrick commented on 'I don't go to church on Sundays - I go to media' tag:typepad.com,2003:6a00d83454f2ec69e2022ad3ab01af200b 2018-08-22T23:32:24Z 2018-08-22T23:32:24Z Philip Fitzpatrick It seems like the 'churchy types' are on the brink of ascendancy in Canberra as we speak. Instead of foreign...
It seems like the 'churchy types' are on the brink of ascendancy in Canberra as we speak.

Instead of foreign aid to PNG we might soon be back to sending missionaries.

Another interesting aspect is the way 'celebrity' is taking the place of religion as the 'opiate of the masses'.

Don't believe me. Why then is a reality TV star currently the head of the free world?

 Paul Oates commented on 'I don't go to church on Sundays - I go to media' tag:typepad.com,2003:6a00d83454f2ec69e2022ad3aaff07200b 2018-08-22T22:34:04Z 2018-08-22T22:34:04Z Paul Oates Good topic Phil. Let's open it up a tad more. The church and state were virtually synonymous in the Middle...
Good topic Phil. Let's open it up a tad more.

The church and state were virtually synonymous in the Middle Ages prior to the Reformation, since the political state, namely the Catholic popes and Medieval kings maintained they had been appointed by god and therefore could be relied upon to do god's work and enunciate god's holy words. In this they were supported by the Catholic church and the papal authority of the day who also benefited financially through taxes and tithes and occasionally selling bishoprics to whoever had the wherewithal to apply. One only has to visit Europe to see how the church allowed its leaders to virtually live like kings and decide who be favoured and who could and might be burned at the stake for example.

If this scenario seems like a fairly biased view, let me say that I believe the original message being conveyed had very little to do with the pomp and ceremony of the established church and trappings of even the modern state. Perhaps Lenin was not far wrong when he deprecatingly referred to religion as the 'opiate of the mases'?

The original Christian message, being in mind Jesus was never a Christian but a Jew, and which has suffered through multiple translations from Aramaic, Greek, Latin and various versions of English, was simply to be compassionate towards your fellow humans and live in a respectful and law abiding way. Many of our modern laws are thanks to this concept.

 The essence of the original message was enunciated in the concept of spirituality and conveyed by the example of the wind, 'It exists and you see its effects but you cannot see the wind itself'.

 This could be said to be a very reasonable view for humanity if it hadn't been corrupted by those who sought to warp its simplicity for their own ends. If the message had to be simplified and personified in order for the layman to understand it imperfectly, then presumably that was what happened.

Reading about the era when the Crusades were operating it seems fairly clear that in order to convince those doubters who needed some sort of material proof that they were following the proper path, miraculous examples were touted around such as 'a piece of the original cross' or a 'bone of some saint or apostle' as if that would ensure whoever possessed this material artifact had some claim to be better than someone who didn't. Thousands and millions have died believing in these treasures when the original message, we are told, was to concentrate on the spiritual and forget about the material. It obviously was useful and convenient for those who then confused the two to be able to use this morphed ideology for their own personal ends.

So we arrive at the point where some of today's PNG leaders have decided to copy the concepts of the European Middle ages around a thousand years ago and obviously try to emulate the same results.

 Well perhaps they have at least progressed from the original ideas in PNG of cargo cult and have apparently meandered through the more informed concepts of money cults to that time in European history where miracles were claimed and people believed in mouldy old material items in order to feel self-satisfied they were being true to their beliefs and honest in their desire to lead a better life.

We have therefore, if you follow that reasoning, actually made some advances in logical thought and reasonable expectations of leadership in some of today's PNG politicians. Clearly there's only a thousand years of education and understanding to go, if one goes by the European examples.

 As tru bilo displa bengbeng istap we nau ia?