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Thread: Wilton Mill Vise Identification?
Wilton Mill Vise Identification?
Hey folks, I picked up another lot of old milling/machinist tools and tooling and there were a handful of vises in the batch. When I dragged them home yesterday I looked over the milling vises and this giant Wilton seems like the coolest of the lot. It's pretty big as can be seen by the tape measure next to it for scale, and it weighs in at 98lbs...pretty hefty.
The bottom has "HM 9 600" cast into it, but a thorough search of the interwebs yields nothing but a long-expired eBay listing from someone referencing what must be another of the same vise...their description calls it an "HM-9-600" and their size and weight details are spot on...but the photos are long gone. Nothing else appears to show up...
I'll send Wilton a message on Monday and see if they have any info on these old mill vises, but I thought I'd see if anyone here has experience with them in the meantime. It's a gorgeous piece of equipment and even though it must be 50-60 years old there's zero play in the moving jaw and the screw has no backlash to speak of...
Anyways, thanks for any light you can shed on the mystery of just what model this thing is. I'm planning to take it apart and clean and lubricate it (judging by the other items in the lot it's likely been in storage for 30-40 years) but would love to have a manual or diagram before I dig in.
- It is "old real, US-made Wilton", pre-dates the Asian branding exercise. Still an over-rated name, just not by as much.
- There MAY be a patent - note the two fastener/adjusters at 45 degrees to the jawline and screwline. Even so, without even a "patent pending" a mere sales brochure touting this "feature" or that is probably the best you can hope for.
I'm not sure it even fits the genre of milling-machine vise.
Seems far more general-purpose - drillpress'ish, rotab'ish, grinder-ish, saw-kinkery-cutter'ish, even wood-chopper'ish as it looks to be far too short of clamping force for METALS mangling on any of mill, planer, or shaper to me.
Sort of thing I might find a use for on my Kasto PHS, but would not dream of trusting to on a mill.
Nice looking piece of old hardware. Is it a 6" or larger?
There are two sets of keyways on the bottom so it could have been keyed for two mounting orientations. And the combination of the round base with a central hole suggests that there may have been a base that allowed rotation. Is there any kind of index mark on that round base?
It seems to have a dovetail slide. Is that the case?
A curious feature is the two bolts (?) on the rear of the movable jaw. They are at an odd angle, probably not 45 degrees. I wonder what they are for. Could they be associated with some kind of "pull down" mechanism to prevent jaw rise? Or what?
And, does the movable jaw rise when it is tightened on a part sitting on parallels? The answer to that will go a long way toward answering the question of just how useful it may be in a modern shop.
It was made for a shaper or mill. The casting in your picture list's the Schiller manufacturing plant that was from 1956 on prior to that they were at another location. the vise could be either straight or swivel base. there a very good machine vise.
Interesting! I'll preface this by saying my milling experience is next-to-nonexistent and what little I do have is all on Sherline stuff milling parts less than 3" long and .5" diameter...
Having said that, the size/design of this vise seems very similar to a lot of the big Kurt machinist's vises which I've seen on people's mills so that's why I assumed it would be classified as a "mill vise".
I am definitely curious about the adjustment bolts at 45 degrees to the jaws. I haven't messed with them yet but I am going to see what they're all about. Was hoping to find that out via literature!
Time for a quick update. The nice folks at Wilton emailed me today to answer the question of what exactly this vise is all about...turns out it's a Wilton "MilOmatic" vise. Those two bolts (actually threaded plugs) at 45-degree angles to the screw are where one would connect the hydraulic or pneumatic line(s) for using the "automatic" (I presume foot pedal controlled) feature for quick workpiece changes.
They were kind enough to include the attached scan of an old catalog page showing the vise.
Pretty cool.
Mud liked this post
I haven't had a chance to test the jaws for rise but I will do so this week...see the above post with the attachment from Wilton showing what the vise is all about. It's also got the specs on there. Pretty cool!


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Arctic Char on a Bed of Kale
Arctic char, related to salmon and trout, is sustainably farmed, making it a "best choice" for the environment. It has a mild flavor and cooks up quickly. We like the taste and texture of lacinato (aka dinosaur) kale in this dish. Serve with mashed potatoes. Source: EatingWell Magazine, September/October 2009
Heat oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Cook shallot, stirring, until beginning to soften, about 2 minutes. Add broth, water and half the kale; cook, stirring, until slightly wilted, about 1 minute. Add the remaining kale and cook until tender, about 8 minutes.Advertisement
Sprinkle fish with salt and pepper and place on the kale. Cover and cook until the fish is just cooked through, 5 to 7 minutes.
Meanwhile, combine sour cream, horseradish and dill in a bowl. Serve the fish and kale with the sauce and lemon wedges.
Nutrition Facts
2 vegetable, 4 lean meat, 1 fat


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'We Have So Much More to Do': Youth Climate Activists Declare as Global Elite Close Out Davos Forum
By Andrea Germanos
Youth climate activists marched through the streets of Davos, Switzerland Friday as the World Economic Forum wrapped up in a Fridays for Future demonstration underscoring their demand that the global elite act swiftly to tackle the climate emergency.
By Tim Radford
The year is less than four weeks old, but scientists already know that carbon dioxide emissions will continue to head upwards — as they have every year since measurements began — leading to a continuation of the Earth's rising heat.
By Katey Davidson
Each year, an estimated 600 million people worldwide experience a foodborne illness.
While there are many causes, a major and preventable one is cross-contamination.
By Arthur Sullivan
When was the last time you traveled by plane? Various researchers say as little as between 5 and 10 percent of the global population fly in a given year.
What Nutritionists Think About Starbucks' Three New Plant-Based Drinks
By Cathy Cassata
Are you getting your fill of Starbucks' new Almondmilk Honey Flat White, Oatmilk Honey Latte, and Coconutmilk Latte, but wondering just how healthy they are?


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Super 7s Adult Soccer LeagueFriday September 7th & 14th will be a free kick aroundGame Dates:September 21st,28thOctober 5,12,19,26thNovember 2,9,16thIntroducing the Newest Adult Soccer League in Georgia!For more information please call 678-517-4789
All-In FC Snellville are proud to introduce Georgia's newest adult soccer league. The league will feature Men's Open, Coed Open and Women's Over 30 divisions. Games will be played at Briscoe Park in Snellville, Georgia on Friday evenings and Sunday afternoons.
All rules & interpretations will be covered under FIFA with the following emphasis and exceptions listed below. The league directors set the rules and reserves the right to interpret the rules in the best interest of All-In FC super 7's adult soccer league.
1. TEAM ELIGIBILITY: Teams inside and outside the City of Snellville are welcome to participate in this league.
2. PLAYER ELIGIBILITY: Participants must be 18 years or older to play or a senior in high school for the open divisions. For the over 30 divisions a player will be deemed eligible if they turn 30 during the season. Two players above the age of 25 will be eligible to play during any season.
3. TEAM ROSTERS: All team managers shall file a roster listing the players' first and last names, address, phone number and date of birth. The roster must be submitted to the league directors by the entry deadline. All roster changes must be done through the league directors. a) Minimum Players: Teams must carry a minimum of 8 players on their roster. b) Maximum Players: Teams may carry a maximum of 15 players on their roster. More than 15 players must be approved by the league directors. c) Adding Players: Names may be removed or added at no charge to the official roster and approved by the league director before that player can participate. No changes can be made to the roster once the second game of the season has started. d) Transferring Players: Transfers from one team to another will not be permitted. e) Ineligible Players: Any team playing a player who is ineligible in any way will forfeit all games in which that player participated.
4. GAME SCHEDULES: Once a game is scheduled, it will be played according to the date, time and place listed. No postponements or changes in the schedule will be allowed unless made by the league directors due to inclement weather.
5. EQUIPMENT: a) Jewelry: Exposed jewelry (necklaces, watches, bracelets, earrings, etc), must be removed and may not be worn during the game. Medical alert or religious medals are not considered jewelry and must be taped. b) Shoes: Shoes must be worn. Shoes with metal cleats and/or toe cleats are not allowed. c) Shin Guards: Shin guards are required. d) Field: The dimensions of the field will be approximately 70 yards long and approximately 50 yards wide. Goalie boxes will be 12 x 12 yards. Center circle will be approximately 7 yards in diameter.
a) Minimum Players: Teams failing to field (5) five players at the scheduled starting time will forfeit. If both teams have at least seven (7) players present at game time, the game must be started on schedule. Under no circumstances, shall a team forfeit a game for failing to finish the game with the same number of players they started with. b) Forfeited Games: The time reserved for forfeited games belongs to those who showed. They may use the field for practice or for a "pick up" game. If requested, officials shall work such a game and shall call the game 10 minutes before the starting time of the following game. c) Inclement Weather Games: Games canceled will be rescheduled as fields and schedules permit. 7. GAME LENGTH: a) Time: The game will consist of two (2) twenty five-minute halves. Five-minute break in between. b) Ties: League games may end in a tie. Bracket or playoff games will utilize the 5-kick shootout format: 5 kicks alternating by each team. If still tied, same player rotation will be used until one team has scored a goal more than the other team from the same number of kicks.
8. PRE-GAME WARM-UPS: Teams must be ready to play at game time. Warm-up time shall be granted if time allows and by the official's discretion. No warm ups in the goalie boxes.
9. GAME OFFICIALS: There shall be one official assigned to each game and 2 officials for the finals. Teams are encouraged to play fair and to abide by the rules. Officials may ask for assistance on out of bounds calls if working solo. Game officials have the final say on calls. Yellow and Red cards are in effect.
10. PLAYING RULES: a) 7 v. 7: Teams will play 7 v. 7 unless team managers agree to modify due to numbers (i.e. 5v5, 6v6) b) Tackles: No slide tackles are allowed. c) Goalies: Goalies will not punt the ball. d) Penalty, Goal and Corner kicks: Goal kicks will be taken from anywhere on the line inside the penalty area. FIFA rules will apply for penalty and corner kicks. e) Offsides: The offside rule will not be enforced.
f) For Coed Leagues: Female goals will result in 2 points
Substitutions: An unlimited number of substitutions may be made at any time there is a stoppage due to a dead ball.
Coed Rule: 2 female players must be on the field at all times.
11. CONDUCT: All players, coaches, managers, spectators and staff are expected to display good sportsmanship and conduct at all times. Examples of unsportsmanlike conduct include, but not limited to: a) Use of profane language directed towards any staff member, official, player and/or spectator b) Arguing, bickering, heckling or excessive display of emotion towards an official or staff; c) Making unnecessary gestures toward game participants, officials or spectators; d) Throwing equipment; resorting to unnecessary roughness on the playing field. 14. All-In FC Snellville DISCIPLINARY PROCEDURES: Coach, Player or Spectator a) Ejections: Depending on the severity, staff or the referee have the right to issue a warning or ejection. 1) Once a coach, adult player or spectator has been ejected from the game, he or she has 2 minutes to leave the facility (sight and sound) or the police will be called. Failure to comply will result in the game being declared a forfeit. b) 1st Ejection: Results in a one (1) week suspension playing or coaching at any All-In FC sponsored team, league or tournament in which the individual is a member (adult and/youth). The suspension can carry over into the 1st week of the following playing session/season. c) 2nd Ejection: Results in a two (2) week suspension from playing or coaching any AIFCS sponsored team, league or tournament in which the individual is a member (adult and/or youth). In addition, the individual may not spectate at such facility/event during the suspension. The suspension can carry over into the first two weeks of the following playing session/season. The individual will be required to meet with AIFCS disciplinary review committee prior to reinstatement.
d) 3rd Ejection: Results in a one (1) year suspension from the date of the incident from playing or coaching any AIFCS sponsored team, league, tournament and/or event (adult and/or youth). In addition, the individual may not spectate at such facility/event during the suspension. The individual will be required to meet a AIFCS disciplinary review committee prior to reinstatement. e) Depending on the severity of the offense(s), individuals may be subject to additional sanctions and/or permanently banned from any and all AIFCS events.
12. BANNED SUBSTANCES: Smoking or the use of tobacco products are prohibited at the fields, sidelines, bleachers or immediate vicinity of the playing area. Consumption of alcohol is strictly prohibited. 16. LAW VIOLATIONS: Violations of any law (battery, assaulting a referee or AIFCS representative, possession of illegal substances including consumption of alcohol by minors, disorderly conduct, damage to property, etc.) by players, coaches, managers, or spectators during games and/or tournaments will result in immediate removal from the facility and will be prosecuted to the fullest extent through all legal channels. 17. INCLEMENT WEATHER: Any games postponed or canceled due to inclement weather will be received by text/e-mail. Coaches, players, spectators and staff shall follow weather policies/procedures established by AIFCS.
13. FIFA LEAGUE STANDINGS & TIE-BREAKER PROCEDURE: The procedure for determining league standings are: Wins – 3 points, Ties – 1 point, Losses – 0 points. If teams are still tied after points: a) Head-to-head league games b) Total wins in league games c) Goal difference in league games.
All-In Futbol Club at Snellville
2483 Heritage Village, Suite 16-234Snellville, Georgia 30078
Phone: 912-223-4019
Email: [email protected]


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NIAB-2008: A New High Yielding and Long Staple Cotton Mutant Developed through Pollen Irradiation Technique.
This paper describes about development of cotton mutant NIAB-2008, developed through pollen irradiation technique with improved yield and fibre quality. A local variety NIAB-78 was crossed with exotic line REBA-288 using irradiated pollen @10 Gray (Gy) of gamma rays before cross pollination. The purpose of the study was to create new genetic variability and select the desirable new cotton mutants. After irradiation and hybridization different generations were raised to evaluate the effect of irradiation treatment and induction of mutations. Significant variations from control/parents were observed in evaluated generations. From M1 seed, the M2 population was raised and different desirable mutants were selected. The selected mutants were evaluated in mutated generations (M3-M6) for different yield contributing traits and yield potential along with fibre quality and variations from parents were observed.
From selected mutants, an elite mutant i.e., M-7/09, later named as NIAB-2008 was finally selected. It was evaluated for seed cotton yield, adaptability, resistance/tolerance to diseases, and fibre quality in different trials. It produced 32.9% higher seed cotton yield compared to standard CIM-496 at local NIAB trials. It produced 32.7% and 32.2% higher seed cotton yield compared to standard in provincial coordinated cotton trials (PCCT) and in national coordinated varietal trials (NCVT) respectively. The mutant NIAB-2008 has desirable fibre quality traits i.e., ginning out turn (GOT) 37.99%, fibre length 31.16 mm (long staple category), fibre fineness 4.74 ug/inch, uniformity index 83.5%, fibre maturity 80.5% and fibre strength 92.2 thousand pounds per square inch (TPPSI). Its distinguish characteristics are early maturity, high yielding, short stature, good boll bearing and better tolerance to cotton leaf curl virus-Burewala strain (CLCuV-B) disease.
From these results it is concluded that low dose pollen irradiation technique has effectively stimulate/increase the different yield and yield contributing traits, fibre quality and tolerance to diseases in cotton and this technique is proved economical.
Keywords: Pollen irradiation; Yield; Fibre quality; Long staple; Cotton; NIAB-2008
Cotton is an important cash crop of Pakistan, contributes a major share in foreign exchange earnings and provides the basis for a national textile industry. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is cultivated on an area of 3125, 000 ha with an annual production of 12.8 million bales (Anonymous, 2013-2014). Overall, the living of millions of people in Pakistan is linked with cotton cultivation, ginning, oil industries, trade and spinning processes. It has many uses but it is mainly cultivated for its fibre and seed oil (Pandey, 1998). Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton) is mainly cultivated in the world and produced 90% of world cotton production followed by 8% from G. barbadense (american pima or egyptian cotton) and 2% from (asiatic, desi cotton) G. herbaceum and G. arboreum (Wendel and Cronn, 2003).
Lot of efforts has been made by cotton researchers to develop upland cotton varieties having high yield potential, desirable fibre quality and tolerance/resistance to insect's pests and diseases through conventional breeding approaches. Success in this regard is achieved but the textile mills have been increased from 2 to over 500 in Pakistan. It is estimated that our textile industry would require 20 million bales of lint by 2020. However, cotton producers in Pakistan are currently faced with rising production costs and static return (Haidar et al., 2007).
Moreover, there are limitations of availability of sufficient genetic variability in the native germplasm (Haidar et al., 2012). To achieve desired objectives through conventional breeding approaches is highly depended on adopted techniques. Raising of induced variant/mutants populations with proper screening techniques is useful to identify the desirable traits among the mutant populations and to evaluate their adaptability (Sikora et al., 2011).
Different types of physical and chemical mutagens are extensively used to induce variations in plants. Among the physical agents, gamma rays are used to create point mutations and small deletions (Wu et al., 2005). The mutation breeding techniques have been effectively used for the improvement of yield characters and development of germplasm with novel and desired traits of major crop plants (Maluszynski et al., 1995; Shu and Lagoda, 2007; Sestili et al., 2010; Tomlekova, 2010). Number of mutants of different crop plants have been developed and released in different countries of the world with improvement in some characters (Ahloowalia et al., 2004). Such mutants are reported in cotton (Muthusamy and Jayabalan, 2007; Muthusamy and Jayabalan, 2011), soybean (Hofmann et al., 2004), potato (Li et al., 2005), cassava (Joseph et al., 2004, Buttibwa et al., 2015), Chrysanthemum (Datta et al., 2005) and groundnut (Muthusamy et al., 2007).
The approach like, the exposure of seed to ionizing radiations in cotton is used by different researchers. A new cotton variety MCU-7 was developed, which was early, high yielding and has long staple then its parents (Carnelius, 1973). Miah and Yamaguchi (1965), reported increase in genetic variability for different quantitative traits in segregating F2/M2 population in rice. Mike et al. (1987) also reported seed irradiation studies in various crops i.e., wheat, barley, rice, maize etc in different countries. A cotton mutant NIAB-92 was developed through seed irradiation technique which was early and high yielding as compared to parent Stoneville-231 (Iqbal et al., 1994). Through F1 seed irradiation a high yielding and early maturing mutant NIAB-78 was also developed (Iqbal et al., 1991). Another technique i.e. treatment of pollen with gamma rays is also utilized by different researchers.
Sanamian (2003) reported various genomic and chromosomal mutations in M2 families developed through pollen irradiation. Variability in cotton plants treated with pollen irradiation is mainly because of chromosomal rearrangements and genomic mutations during meiosis. Vig (1973) reported that radiation treatments enhance crossing over near the centromere region in Glycine max. Moreover radiations and chemicals treatments increase somatic recombinations. Pollen irradiation before cross-pollinations for hybridization in different crops has also reported by different researchers (Pate and Duncan, 1963; Ibragimov et al., 1965; Krishnaswami and Kothandaraman, 1976; Aslam et al., 1994; Aslam and Stelly, 1994; Aslam, 2002) and is considered useful to create new genetic variability in cotton.
This research study was conducted to create genetic variability by gamma irradiation, selection of mutants with desirable economic traits and confirmation of stability, adaptability of the selected mutant with better yield and quality characters. This manuscript details the report on use of low dose of induced mutations on germ cells and selection of useful mutants.
Materials and Methods
Plant Material
The cross was made by utilizing NIAB-78 (local cotton variety) as female parent with REBA-288 (exotic line) at Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan. The local variety NIAB-78 has good agronomic traits along with better yield potential, average quality parameters but susceptible to cotton leaf curl virus disease. Whereas the exotic line REBA-288 has bushy type plant, average quality parameters but better tolerance/resistance to cotton leaf curl virus disease. Selfed seeds of male and female parents were grown and approximately fifty plants of each were developed. At maturity flower buds of female parent were emasculated and covered with paper bags at evening time. Flower buds of male parent were also covered to protect any mixing.
Radiation Treatment
Male parent pollen was collected from covered flowers after anthesis and irradiated with gamma rays from a 60Co irradiation source. The irradiation was performed at room temperature at NIAB, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 1998-1999. Emasculated flowers were pollinated with irradiated pollen and rebagged to prevent uncontrolled crossing. Bolls developed from the crossed flowers were harvested and seeds were obtained and designated as M0 seed.
Evaluation of Mutated Generations
M1 population was developed from M0 along with both parents as control at experimental field of NIAB, Faisalabad. The seeds were planted at a spacing of 30 x 75 cm plant to plant and row to row respectively. The M2 population was raised from M1 generation and it consists of more than one thousand individual plants. In M2 generation, maximum numbers of mutants/recombinants were selected keeping in view of different plant traits. Selected mutants were planted in M3 generation in replicated progenies. These progenies were studied in M3 generation for their breeding behavior and economic traits and one elite line was selected. Plant progeny rows were also studies in M4 generation to confirm desirable traits. The progeny M-7/09 was selected from M6 and bulked for evaluation as NIAB-2008. All these generations were raised and evaluated at NIAB during 2000-2006, where the soil type is of clay loam. Agronomic and plant protection practices were carried out throughout the crop growing season during respective years.
Evaluation in Adaptability Trials
Various yield trials (local, zonal i.e., NCVT, PCCT, 1.25 acre PSC farm etc.) were conducted at public sector experimental institutes etc during 2007-2012. The objective was to analyze yield potential, fibre quality traits and wider adaptability at different environments and soil types. It was also evaluated for their response to earliness, insects and diseases particularly of CLCuV-B.
Screening for Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease and Insect Pests
Screening against cotton leaf curl disease was done through grafting and whitefly inoculation technique. For grafting studies, ten pots for each variety were sown in glass house. Plants were graft inoculated with CLCuV-B following the methodology of bottle shoot grafting method (Akhtar et al., 2002, 2010). Entomological studies regarding its response to sucking pests and damage by bollworms were conducted under optimized spray conditions at NIAB Faisalabad.
Fibre Characters Analysis
Fibre characters of the selected mutant lines were analyzed using High Volume Instrument (HVI) as well as manually operated instruments at NIAB, Faisalabad. As per requirement of mandatory evaluation by Punjab Seed Council (PSC), fibre quality of NIAB-2008 was also got analyzed from four standard laboratories i.e. Cotton Research Institute (CRI), Faisalabad; NIBGE, Faisalabad; All Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA), Lahore and CCRI, Multan. The samples were collected by members of expert sub committee (ESC) of PSC during spot examination and fibre characters in the standard labs were also analyzed using High Volume Instrument (HVI). These fibre characters were evaluated by expert subcommittee members during 2014-2015.
Statistical Analysis
The experiments related to yield evaluation were also planted in randomized completed block design (RCBD) with three replication and different number of treatments/varieties during different years. The data for different morphological characters and seed cotton yield in different yield trials and fibre characters were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the methodology (Steel et al., 1997). In addition data for seed cotton yield in various adaptability trials were compared using Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure.
A local cotton variety was crossed with an exotic line by using gamma irradiated pollen and a useful mutant NIAB-2008 was selected. Its developmental history is given (Table 1). The mutant NIAB-2008 (Fig. 1A) showed early flowering, medium height, higher number of bolls per plant, more number of nodes/sympodial branches, good/fluffy opening, better yield potential and plant type as compared to parents NIAB-78 (Fig. 1B) and REBA-288 (Fig. 1C). Data on different traits of selected mutant along with control lines is given in detail and discussed.
Influence of Mutagenic Treatments on Selected Plants
Significant differences were observed between the control and plants developed from the irradiated pollen. In M1 generation the plants were taller in growth and showed hybrid vigour for different traits as compared to the non-irradiated both parents/control. In M1 generation, the germinated plants showed better tolerance to cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuV-B). There was variation in M2 generation and plants possessing good characters were selected. Succeeding generation M3-M6 was evaluated, and as a result mutant with high yield potential was selected, which was later named as NIAB-2008. The comparison of selected mutant from parents (control) showed differences in plant traits (Table 2). The plants developed from the treated pollen showed different developmental plant features at seedling and normal plants development stages in the field conditions. Similar results were earlier observed in cotton (Muthusamy and Jayablan, 2000, 2001).
Field Evaluation of Mutant Line
A range of morphological variations was observed from seedling stage to maturity in M2, M3 and M4 generations. Plants with improved yield and yield contributing traits and ginning out turn percentage, staple length, fibre fineness, fibre strength and uniformity ratio etc were selected to record and analyze the effect of gamma rays treatments on the selected plants from the control (parents etc). The flowering periods of mutants were decreased compared to the parents whereas increase in seed cotton yield was observed. Similar results were earlier recorded (Swami and Swami, 1986). The plant height in selected mutants were ranged from 135-145 cm, which was comparatively higher than untreated plants having a range of 125-140 cm. Mutant lines also showed higher number of bolls as compared to control. Earlier, (Joseph et al., 2004) reported significant variations in plant height in cassava mutants.
As a requirement of mandatory evaluation in national and provincial coordinated trials, NIAB-2008 was evaluated in yield trials. The data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance technique (Steel et al., 1997). Significant differences were recorded for seed cotton yield compared to standard varieties. In local trials (preliminary and advanced), it produced 32.5% higher seed cotton than standard CIM-496 (Table 3). These standards are decided at national level and are the most popular and dominating cultivars.
In PCCT, it produced 17.8% and 61.8% higher seed cotton yield than standard during two years testing. On an average in PCCT, it produced 32.7% higher seed cotton yield. In NCVT, it produced 58.2% and 11.7% more seed cotton yield than standard in Punjab and on country basis respectively. During second year testing it produced 6.2% and 6.4% higher seed cotton yield than standard MNH-786 in Punjab and at country basis respectively (Table 4).
Table 1: Developmental History of NIAB-2008
Cross attempted (NIAB-78 x REBA-288) with irradiated pollen @ 10Gy of gamma rays###Field conditions
M1 - M5###Field conditions
M7 (M-07/09)###studied in strain test
-###NCVT and 1.25 acre PSC trial
-###PCCT, NCVT and 1.25 acre PSC trial
-###1.25 Acre trial at PSC, seed multiplication, spot
###examination by members of ESC
Table 2: Comparison of selected mutant with parents for different traits
Variety/###Plant Height CLCV###Bolls/###Boll###Yield/###GOT###Staple Length Fineness###Strength###U.I###Maturity
Traits###(cm)###rating###Plant###weight (g)###Plant (g)###(%)###(mm)###ug/inch###TPPSI###G/tex###(%)###(%)
Table 3: Average yield Performance of NIAB-2008 in various trials at NIAB
Name of trial###Place###Yield (kg ha-1)###% increase
Preliminary Yield Trials###1st year###NIAB, Faisalabad###4523###3582###-###26.3%
###2nd year###4592###3423###-###34.1%
Advanced Yield Trials###1st year###NIAB, Faisalabad###4240###3251###-###30.4%
###2nd year###2662###1829###-###45.5%
Table 4: Average yield performance of NIAB-2008 in multi-location adaptability trials
Name of trial###Place###Yield (kg ha-1)###% increase
PCCT###1st year###Punjab###2663###2261###-###17.8 %
PCCT###2nd year###Punjab###1872###1157###-###61.8%
###Average###2268###1709###-###32.7 %
NCVT###1st year###Punjab###1993###1260###-###58.2 %
NCVT###2nd year###Punjab###1865###-###1756###6.2%
1.25 acre (PSC)###1st year###KWL###1715###1339###-###28.1%
1.25 acre (PSC)###2nd year###KWL###1698###-###-###-
1.25 acre (PSC)###3rd year###KWL###2117###-###-###-
Average seed cotton yield (Tab 2 and 3)###2810###2070###1756###35.7%
The yield performance of candidate lines in PCCT and NCVT trials was compared using Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) procedure. All the varieties showed significant differences (Table 5). Similar results were earlier reported in cotton (Nepolean, 1999).
Pathological Studies
Screening against cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) disease for the selected mutants was continued after selection. The finally selected mutant NIAB-2008 was recorded resistant to CLCuV disease (old strain) like standards CIM-499 and CIM-496. The field response to different diseases of cotton in NCVT was analyzed (Table 6). NIAB-2008 showed stunting of 1.3% compared to GS-378 (1.4%) and VH-289 (1.7%). Whereas the boll rot analysis of NIAB-2008 showed the disease incidence of 2.8% compared to SLH-334 (3.1%), FH-4243 (3.5%), CIM-573 (2.4%), GS-321(5.6%), CRIS-486(4.7%), RH-625(3.0%) and MNH-786 (3.5%). The response of NIAB-2008 to CLCuV-B was also studied in NCVT. NIAB-2008 showed better performance against cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV-B) compared to standard MNH-786. For grafting studies, ten pots each for each variety were sown in glass house.
Table 5: Least significant difference (LSD) comparison of candidate's varieties and standards in PCCT and NCVT
Variety###SCY (kg/ha)###Variety###SCY (kg/ha)###Variety###SCY (kg/ha)###Variety###SCY (kg/ha)
CRSM-2007###3033 ABCDE###FH-4243 (ok)###1997 EFGH###NIA-78###16686 GHI###GH-114###1556 I
NIAB-852###2996 6th CDEF###FH-207 Bt###1787 HIJ###NIAB-2008###1993 CDEF###FH-4243###1979 DEFGH
CIM-496(Std)###2261 KL###CIM-496 (St)###1157 L###CRSM-2007###1952 CDEF###NIAB-2009###2383 AB
NIAB-777###2761 EFGHI###FH-113/128###2005 EFGH###CIM-573###2192 BC###MNH-786(St)###1756 GHI
A-One*###3247 ABC###CIM-573###1175 L###GS-14###1464 IJK###NIAB-2008###1865 FGHI
FH-941###3226 AB###BH-175###1821 GHIJ###CIM-496(St)###1260 K###NIAB-2010###1962 DEFGH
Alseemi-hybrid###3335 A
Graft inoculation of the plants with CLCuV-B was done by following the bottle shoot grafting method (Akhtar et al., 2002, 2010). Results showed that number of days taken to appear the symptoms (after grafting) in case of NIAB-2008 were 14-20 compared to 12-18 of MNH-786 (Table 7).
Fibre Quality Analysis
The results of fibre quality testing studies revealed that fibre quality traits of NIAB-2008 are either better or comparable to standard. Fibre quality testing was carried out at four standard laboratories. On an average of all labs, NIAB-2008 scored fibre quality i.e., ginning outturn (GOT) percentage of 37.99%, fibre length of 31.16 mm (fall in long staple category), fibre fineness of 4.74 ug/inch, uniformity index of 83.5%, maturity 80.5%, fibre strength of 92.2 TPPSI (Table 8). It has better fibre quality traits as compared to both parents. Ginning out turn percentage, staple length, fineness, strength etc has been improved through irradiation treatment as compared to control parents. Similar observations were earlier reported (Ibragimov et al., 1965) and significant variation between individual tetraploid lines for fiber contents was observed (Smith et al., 2004).
Table 6: Field Response of NIAB-2008 to different diseases in comparison to standard
NCVT###Disease incidence (%age)###CLCV disease
Strain###Stunting###Boll rot###Index (%age)
MNH-786 (St)###0.0###3.5###99.14
Table 7: Screening of different strains against CLCV through petiole graft transmission technique at CCRI, Multan
Variety/Strain###No. of days taken to appear the symptoms (after grafting)
Table 8: Fibre quality characteristics of NIAB-2008 compared to standard MNH-786 tested at four standard labs
Lab./Parameters###GOT (%)###Staple Length (mm)###Mic. ug/inch###Strength###U.I (%)###Maturity (%)
CRI, Faisalabad###37.99###31.00###4.60###90.0###-###-###80.5
CCRI, Multan###-###30.70###4.95###94.3###-###83.7###-
NIBGE, Faisalabad###-###31.20###4.80###-###29.90###84.8###-
APTMA, Lahore###-###31.75###4.60###-###25.20###82.0###-
NIAB-2008 (Av.)###37.99###31.16###4.74###92.2###27.55###83.5###80.5
MNH-786 (St)###38.59###28.71###4.86###103.2###31.5###82.1###82.5
Table 9: Salient morphological and plant characteristics of NIAB-2008
Plant character###Range###Plant character###Range
Days to maturity###130-150 days###Flower Characteristics
Days to opening###120-125 (50%)###Days to flowering###45-55 days (50% flowering)
Seedling Characteristics###Flowering duration###Medium
Seedling length###6.2-7.3cm###Boll Characteristics:
Plant Characteristics:###Boll length (cm)###3.9- 4.6cm
Plant height###120-145 cm###Boll breadth (cm)###2.3-2.8
Nodes to 1st Monopodia###7-8###Boll/plant###60-70
Monopodial/plant###0-3###Boll opening###Good
Sympodia/plant###20-28###Boll weight###3.3-3.6 gram
Leaf Characteristics:###Seed Characteristics:
Leaf length###15-17cm###Seed length (mm)###7.0-7.5 mm
Leaf width###16-18 cm###Seed width (mm)###4.1-4.7 mm
Leaf nectaries###Present###Seed index (g)###8.0-8.7g
Leaf hairiness###Medium###Best Sowing time:###15st April to 30th May
Various important morphological, plant, leaf, flower, boll and seed characters are given in Table 9. It is maintained regularly at NIAB and breeder nucleus seed (BNS) is being provided to farmers/seed producing agencies.
This study provides an extensive research on the induced mutations through (g) gamma rays used on pollen grains (germ cell) in cotton and variations in succeeding generations. The results showed that the low doses of gamma rays are useful to create the desired variation in the mutated populations. The overall changes recorded in the selected mutant line are may be due to genetic variation caused by gamma irradiation. In some earlier findings such type of reports i.e. variations in leaf shape (Muthusamy and Jayabalan, 2000), in term of increase in yield (Muthusamy et al., 2005), twin boll and boll shape irregularities (Muthusamy et al., 2004) and other morphological variations (Muthusamy and Jayabalan, 2001) was observed in cotton mutant lines.
The result of NIAB-2008 has showed that, pollen irradiation of suitable parent before cross pollination is an appropriate technique to create useful variability in cotton. By suing seed irradiation method, a large M2 population is required because the whole genome is irradiated and whole genetic makeup is disturbed (Iqbal, et al., 1994). Whereas in case of pollen irradiation half of the genome receives the irradiation, hence major changes are less compared to seed irradiation (Aslam, 2000; Aslam et al., 2009). These results support the effectiveness of pollen irradiation technique to improve crop plants.
In pollen irradiation technique, male pollen is irradiated at low doses of gamma rays before cross pollination and therefore more recombinations are brought as compared to seed irradiation, simple cross breeding and backcrossing (Aslam et al., 2009). Due to this a small M2 population is required in case of pollen irradiation because of higher rate of mutations/recombination's (Wang, 1990).
In this study, lower dose of gamma irradiation showed enhancing effects on growth of vegetative and reproductive parts of plants along with yield and yield contributing characters. Such type of enhancement is due to increase in enzymes activity, which is required in biosynthesis of hormone in the cell (Vagera et al., 1976; Yue and Zou, 2012), which ultimately increases the growth and number of cells and the whole plant. Induction of mutations through this comparatively easier method was earlier reported by different researchers (Aslam et, al., 1994; Aslam and Ealahi, 2002) and is in accordance with our present finding in cotton.
Due to irradiation effects, NIAB-2008 on an average exhibited 35.7% higher yield than standard in NCVT and PCCT. NIAB-2008 being moderately hairy with medium sized erect plant type with short to medium short sympodia is suitable to obtain good yield. It has better leaf foliage which is suitable for high density planting. Its plant type facilitates the easy application of pesticides to control the cotton insect pests. Its fibre quality characters are according to prescribed standard and as per requirement of textile sector, which is the dire need of national production and good quality cotton for meeting the domestic textile industry requirements.
Due to these useful characters, the mutant NIAB-2008 was recommended and approved by Punjab Seed Council (PSC) in its 46th meeting in May, 2016. It is being recommended to farmers' community for general cultivation in Punjab province of Pakistan. Its cultivation will be adding to the national exchequer through export of raw cotton and value added products and to meet the demand at national and world level as well. Being a long staple variety, it will have very positive implications of obtaining additional returns at national economy to meet the demand of long staple cotton at national as well as at international level.
With substantial varietal difference, the pollen irradiation technique can be effectively used to produce high seed cotton yield with fiber of long staple. Further studies are needed to find the possible mechanism(s) of induced mutations at molecular level that cause improvement as noted in the present study.
Technical help and cooperation extended by Plant Protection Division NIAB, Directorate of CRI, Directorate of Agronomy, AARI, Faisalabad, PCCC, CCRI, Multan, FSCandRD), Islamabad and Khanewal, Punjab Seed Corporation (PSC) and Department of Agriculture Punjab are greatly acknowledged in testing of this mutant variety.
Reviewer's suggestions to improve the write up of manuscript are also acknowledged.
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In today's day and age, it would be more appropriate to term internet as the solution to and cause of most of our problems. Thanks to the internet, we have information on our fingertips. Want to know what your friends are doing currently, just follow them on Instagram. Want to follow the diet plan of your favorite celebrity, just Google it. But what we need to realize that with great data speed, comes great responsibility. There are people who do not use internet but abuse it. Social media is the biggest platform for all the anti-social elements across the globe. Taking advantage of the anonymity offered by internet, people harass others in the garb of freedom of speech.
Right and wrong, opinion and judgment, humor and humiliation – in all of this, there is a very thin line and if someone crosses this line, then it is not acceptable. But there are people who cross this line, in the name of sharing opinions and comments. Who are these people? They are the body shamers, victim blamers and angry haters, who are commonly known as 'Trolls'.
Trolling has become an increasingly frequent phenomenon nowadays. Instances of online abuse are commonplace in the country. Trolls may feel that making a mean comment online is harmless, but what they do not realize is that this act may drive someone into depression, crush someone's confidence forever or even lead someone to commit suicide.
While freedom of speech is a boon, many end up misusing this freedom. If you are exploiting that freedom to troll others, that is defamation and harassment. It is so easy to hide behind the veil of internet and comment on something which is not related to you. What people don't realize is that this can have serious repercussions. This can damage one's career, relationship or life forever. Not only does it affect the one who's being trolled, but also the people associated with the person. One of the major reasons trolls aren't scared to troll is because they know that internet gives them anonymity. They feel that they can get away with it and never get caught. Also, there is an assumption that trolling doesn't have serious implications because they don't consider it a crime. But nowadays it's easy to find out one's username, IP address and report them. One nasty comment can land you behind bars.
In the world of social media, celebrities, musicians, business honchos, no one is off limits. I know a lot of celebrities like Neha Dhupia, Taapsee Pannu and Hard Kaur who have been trolled in the past and have handled it like a boss. What one doesn't understand is that these celebrities, quite like others, do get affected by trolls. How can one troll a celebrity for putting up a harmless picture in a bikini, putting on weight or putting forth his or her political views? Just because someone is a public figure doesn't mean they don't get hurt. Commenting on someone's picture is fine but commenting to threaten someone, attacking them for their looks, labeling and abusing is not freedom of speech.
Having an opinion or disagreeing with something is perfectly fine. But it's the way one puts forth his/her views. If you don't have anything constructive to say, do not say anything at all. People need to stop deriving sadistic pleasure from abusing others online. It is important to realize the thin line between being funny and disrespectful. Don't take it too far.
Think before you tweet and pause before you post!
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Temperatures as much as 30 to 50 degrees below normal are entering the Northern Plains as we close out the workweek. Through the weekend, brutal conditions you might expect in a frigid January overtake the central portion of the country, from the Mexican to the Canadian borders.
Continue Reading . . . https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2019/03/01/brutal-arctic-air-mass-is-about-take-over-united-states/


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Just a reminder that the annual Future Libraries Conference is on Friday, October 25th in Brisbane. Please see more information and book at https://www.trybooking.com/book/event?eid=547237&
Category: Uncategorized
Drone Lesson Ideas
Year 6 Disaster Unit
Don't Spoil the Endgame Year 8 Activity
Curriculum Links
Great Drone and Mapping Resources for Teachers
June in our McAuley Makerspace and Library
More makerspace…
This blog is my more "unofficial" makerspace site. Our other one is at https://allhallowsschoollibrary.com/
So please look at this site for a more extensive coverage of our library makerspace activities.
We offer 2 makerspace programs. The one called Makerspace runs in our McAuley Library before school and at lunchtimes. All students are welcome, but most attendees are in Years 5 or 6.
The other program is called Cre8 Lab, offered in Potter Library at lunchtime, mainly in the first 4 weeks of each term. It offers more complex activities, so students sign up for these and they usually require commitment to several lunchtimes, or more. Some of these activities are limited to certain grades due to complexity.
We also endeavour to connect makerspace activities into classes, so this does happen regularly e.g. 3D printing and El Wire in secondary Home Economics, 3D printing with ICT classes, various makerspace crafts with Year 5 and 6, often involving electronics and 3D printing, and stop motion with Arts students.
Why Use Minecraft in the Curriculum?
There are many reasons, but the following document provides some reasons for why we use MinecraftEDU in our sustainable housing unit:
El Wire at Home Economics Teachers' Conference
Samsung Gear 360 & Google Expeditions
360 Video with Samsung Gear 360
Connect the Samsung Gear 360 to the iPhone iOS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M88kL-35-zE and http://www.wiselyguide.com/samsung-gear-360-2017-introduces-support-for-the-4k-videos-vr/
Samsung's new Gear 360 camera shoots in 4K and works with iPhones https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/29/15093686/new-samsung-gear-360-camera-announced-price-release-date-2017
New Samsung Gear Review http://www.iretron.com/blog/posts/review-samsung-gear-360-2017-camera/
Tim Gentle's https://www.farmvr.com.au/
Google Expeditions kits https://www.tfesolutions.com.au/google-expeditions-kits
Google Expeditions in class
6 Apps for Virtual Reality Field Trips Including Google Expeditions http://www.avatargeneration.com/2017/03/virtual-reality-field-trips-google-expeditions/


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Root canal treatment
Sometimes, bacterias (for exemple from a decay) can penetrate the pulp of the teeth. In this case, the pulp cannot repair itself and root canal therapy is required to eliminate the diseased pulp and save the tooth. This injured pulp is removed and the root canal system is thoroughly cleaned and sealed. This therapy usually involves local anesthesia and may be completed in one or more visits depending on the treatment required. Then, your dentist will cap the tooth with a restoration, such as a dental crown, to return the tooth to its original shape and structure.
Periodontal treatment
The main cause of tooth loss in adults is periodontal disease. Gum disease is caused by bacterias and other factors (tobacco use, clenching teeth, genetics, some medications..)
Periodontal disease can produce red and bleeding gums, bad breath, tooth sensitivity, loose teeth, abscessed teeth…
Patients with periodontal disease may require a special kind of cleaning called scaling and root planing. The procedure begins with administration of a local anesthetic to reduce any discomfort. Then, a small instrument called a "scaler," or an ultrasonic cleaner, is used to remove plaque and tartar below the gumline.
The root surfaces on the tooth are then planed and smoothed. If effective, scaling and root planing helps the gums reattach themselves to the tooth structure. Additional measures may be needed if the periodontal pockets persist after scaling and root planing.