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1762 - British expedition against Martinique
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The campaign lasted from January to February 1762
The French empire in North America had ceased to exist and its disappearance had rendered unnecessary the presence on the spot of part of the large body of troops which had been concerned in the conquest of Canada. It had been decided to employ some of them against the French islands in the West Indies.
In 1760, the French sent reinforcements to the West Indies under Lieutenant-colonel Baron d'Huart. These reinforcements consisted of various detachments from the Grenadiers Royaux, more precisely:
- Grenadiers Royaux de Longaunay (358 men)
- Grenadiers Royaux d'Ally (308 men)
- Grenadiers Royaux de Méhégan (104 men)
After the surrender of Dominica in June 1761 to a British expeditionary force. The French in Martinique fully expected this same expedition to head into their direction. Accordingly, they took measures for their defence. The French force in Martinique consisted of 1,100 regulars (700 Grenadiers Royaux and 300 men of the Compagnies Franches de la Marine, including 2 companies of Canonniers-Bombardiers de la Marine raised in Martinique and 1 company of about 100 men of Hallwyl Infanterie), 7,000 local militia and 4,000 hired corsairs. Furthermore, the mountainous nature of the island made it rather easy to defend.
In July 1761, Pitt sent his last orders to General Amherst and Admiral Colville, on the American station, for the despatch of 10 battalions with artillery and engineers to Barbados, where they were to find their orders. At the same time Sir James Douglas, who was still in command in the Leeward Islands, was told to expect them at Guadeloupe by the end of October. Douglas was also informed that the French were preparing two squadrons, one at Brest and one at Rochefort, each consisting of about 7 ships of the line, which were intended for the succour of Martinique and that, if they escaped the home blockade, he was to station a squadron off the island strong enough to deal with them. General Monckton, who was bringing the troops from America, was to command in chief ashore, and he was to arrange with him for a rendezvous. Furthermore, orders were issued to Belle-Isle for 4 regiments to be sent off immediately, and for Swanton and 5 other captains to join Douglas, and finally to Rodney to hoist his flag and proceed to Guadeloupe to take Douglas and the whole naval force under his command.
The neighbouring British islands did what they could to help the mother-country:
- Antigua sent black peoples and part of her old garrison, the 38th Regiment of Foot which had never left the island since Queen Anne's day;
- Barbados raised 500 black peoples and 500 white men which were the more acceptable since that island was, as usual, the rendezvous for the expedition.
Preparation of the expedition
On October 9 1761, Rear-admiral Rodney hoisted his flag at Portsmouth and left England.
In mid November, the 4th Foot and the 65th Foot, garrisoning Guadeloupe Island, were ordered to send 200 men to Barbados where they would wait for the arrival of an amphibious force destined to an expedition against the Martinique island.
On November 22, Rodney, ignoring the turn things had taken in Europe, arrived in Carlisle Bay, Barbados. He was alone. His squadron had been scattered in a gale and foul winds had seriously delayed its passage. However at Carlisle Bay, Rodney found part of the squadron under Commodore Sir James Douglas waiting for him. He had been there all the month with cruisers watching Martinique and his battle squadron ready to sail, according to his previous orders, the moment he heard of the escape of a squadron from Brest or Rochefort. He had made up his mind, when he still believed he was to be in command of the attempt against Martinique, that the first thing to do, so soon as Monckton arrived from America, was to make feints in various parts of the island. The idea apparently commended itself to Rodney, for directly he had communicated with Douglas he despatched him to blockade Saint-Pierre, the capital of the island, and to destroy the batteries there, although it was not his real objective.
Then followed a long wait while Rodney's scattered forces gathered at Barbados. Rodney employed it hiring and fitting out an improvised force of 10 local armed hired sloops to supply his weakness in small cruisers, and these he sent, partly to search the creeks of Martinique and partly to cruise off Sint Eustatius to prevent the Dutch from assisting the French with supplies and provisions.
By December 9, all Rodney's squadron joined, being 3 ships of the line, with 2 cruisers and 3 bomb-vessels.
On December 14, the Téméraire (74) and a frigate arrived in Carlisle Bay, with the transports from Belle-Isle and the troops consisting of:
- 69th Regiment of Foot
- II./76th Rufane's Regiment of Foot
- 90th Morgan's Regiment of Foot
- 98th Grey's Regiment of Foot
On December 23, a French squadron of 7 sail of the line and 4 frigates, under M. de Courbon-Blénac, transporting 3,000 troop, had escaped from Brest, owing to Commodore Spry having been driven from his station off that port; and was on its way to relieve the French islands of the West Indies. This French squadron consisted of:
- Duc-de-Bourgogne (80)
- Défenseur (74)
- Hector (74)
- Diadème (74) or Palmier (74)
- Protée (64)
- Dragon (64)
- Brillant (64)
- Zéphyr (32)
- Diligente (24)
- Opale (26)
- Calypso (16)
This relief expedition transported about 3,000 men:
- Boulonnais Infanterie (1 bn)
- Foix Infanterie (1 bn)
- Quercy Infanterie (1 bn)
- Compagnies Franches de la Marine (unspecified number of coys) Brest was one of the main garrisons of these units
- Canonniers-Bombardiers de la Marine (2 coys, each of 60 men)
After M. de Courbon-Blénac's escape from Brest, he sailed for Martinique, chased by Commodore Spry. However, the latter's provisions threatening to give out, he had to return to England, having first sent the Aquilon (28), Captain Chaloner Ogle, to inform Rodney of this event (the news would not reach Rodney before mid-March).
On December 24 1761, the main army from America under command of General Monckton arrived in Carlisle Bay, escorted by 3 ships of the line and a 40-gun ship from Colville's squadron. This army was made up of eleven different regiments:
- 15th Amherst's Regiment of Foot
- 17th Regiment of Foot
- 27th Inniskilling Regiment of Foot
- 28th Townshend's Regiment of Foot
- 35th Regiment of Foot
- 40th Armiger's Regiment of Foot
- 42nd Royal Highland Regiment of Foot (2 bns)
- 43rd Talbot's Regiment of Foot
- 46th Thomas Murray's Regiment of Foot
- III./60th Royal American Regiment of Foot
- American rangers (2 unidentified coys)
Shortly afterwards, Lord Rollo joined with the troops from Guadeloupe and Antigua. The expeditionary force was then complete. In all, the force entrusted to Monckton must have amounted to fully 13,000 men, besides about 1,000 volunteers and black peoples raised by the authorities at Barbados.
For his part, Rodney was at the head of an important fleet consisting of:
- Marlborough (68), Rear-admiral G. B. Rodney and Captain John Hollwell
- Dublin (74), Commodore Sir James Douglas and Captain Gascoigne
- Foudroyant (80), Captain Robert Duff
- Dragon (74), Captain Hon. Aug. John Hervey
- Téméraire (74), Captain Matthew Barton
- Temple (70), Captain Lucius O'Brien
- Vanguard (70), Captain Robert Swanton
- Modeste (64), Captain Hon. Rob. Boyle Walshingham
- Stirling Castle (70), Captain Michael Everitt
- Devonshire (74), Captain George Darby
- Raisonnable (64), Captain Molyneux Shuldham
- Alcide (64), Captain Thomas Haukerson
- Nottingham (60), Captain Samuel Marshall
- Rochester (50), Captain Thomas Burnett
- Sutherland (50), Captain Julian Legge
- Norwich (50), Captain William M'Cleverty
- Falkland (50), Captain Francis Samuel Drake
- Woolwich (44), Captain William Bayne
- Penzance (44), Captain Johyn Boyd
- Dover (44), Captain Chaloner Ogle
- Echo (26), Captain John Laforey
- Stag (32), Captain Henry Augell
- Repulse (32), Captain John Carter Allen
- Actaeon (28), Captain Paul Henry Ourry
- Crescent (28), Captain Thomas Collingwood
- Lizard (28), Captain James Doake
- Levant (28), Captain William Tucker
- Nightingale (24), Captain James Campbell
- Fowey (24), Captain Joseph Mead
- Greyhound (24), Captain Thomas Francis
- Rose (24), Captain Francis Bank
- Antigua (10), Captain John Neale Pleydell Nott
- Barbados (14), Commander Stair Douglas
- Ferret (14), Commander James Alms
- Virgin (12), unidentified commander
- Zephyr (10), Commander John Botterell
- Basilisk bomb (8), Commander Robert Brice
- Thunder bomb (8), Lieutenant Robert Haswell
- Grenado bomb (8), Lieutenant James Hawker
- Infernal bomb (8), Commander James Mackenzie
On January 5 1762, after a few days required to water the fleet, the British transports having on board nearly 14,000 troops from England, Belle-Isle, North America and the West Indies, under Major-general Robert Monckton, weighed anchor and sailed away from Barbados to leeward, under escort of Admiral Rodney's fleet, past the Pitons of Sainte-Lucie and past the port of Castries.
Arrival of the British amphibious force off Martinique
On January 7, the British amphibious force joined Douglas off Martinique. The coasts of the island had not been properly reconnoitred, nor had the ships adequate charts on board. The configuration of the island and the nature of its defences rendered it desirable to land the troops as close as possible to the places at which they were to be employed. But, at first, this fact was not realised.
On January 8, Rodney's fleet anchored in Saint-Pierre's Bay. There they found Douglas had silenced the batteries, though with the loss of the Raisonnable (64) which a clumsy pilot had run aground as she was leading-in for the French forts. But, as has been said, there was no intention of proceeding further. "Having," says Rodney, "by the motion of the fleet and army taken possession of an excellent harbour, and secured a landing in the northernmost part of the island, which might be made tenable at any time, and likewise thereby greatly alarmed the enemy, at General Monckton's request I despatched Commodore Swanton with a squadron of ships and two brigades to the Bay of Petite Anse, in order to take post there." Petite Anse d'Arlet was in the extreme south-west of the island, below Fort Royal, the naval station which was the real objective. To confuse the French still further a squadron of 5 large frigates was sent to Sainte-Marie La Trinité, a port almost opposite Saint-Pierre, on the windward side of the island, with orders to threaten a landing, and Swanton was directed to fly a flag similar to the admiral's.
On January 10, Rodney himself, so soon as his detachments were away, took the mass of the fleet round Swanton, and came to anchor in Sainte-Anne's Bay, in the extreme south of the island, on the western side. The same day, after Swanton had silenced the batteries at Petite Anse d'Arlet, he sent Hervey into the adjoining Grande Anse, which lay immediately to the north and nearer still to the objective. Here the little batteries were quickly silenced and two brigades landed, for from this point it was intended to make the real attack on Fort Royal over-land. A direct attack from the sea was impossible, for in the mouth of the Bay, on its south side, stood a high rocky island known as Isle des Ramiers. It was crowned by a battery of heavy guns, which effectually barred the entrance to a hostile fleet. Consequently the reduction of this work was regarded as the first step to be taken. The idea was to land the troops at a point known as Sainte-Luce, on the southern shore of the island, close to Anse-à-l'Âne. Hence in distance it was but a day's march to Fort Royal Bay. This method of getting at Isle des Ramiers, therefore, looked feasible enough; but no reconnoitring had been done in advance, and they were quite unaware that the country over which they meant to pass was so deeply scored with ravines and rocky ridges as to be impassable for artillery. The troops marched to the south of the bay that forms the harbour of Fort Royal but it was soon found that the road was impracticable for transport of guns and that the march across to Fort Royal from Anse-à-l'Âne would be an undertaking too difficult to be entered upon. It was resolved, therefore, to try again to the westward. The works which had been erected at Anse-à-l'Âne were therefore blown up, the troops were re-embarked, and the whole force proceeded to Fort Royal Bay.
At the new point a footing had already been established by Brigadier Haviland. The indefatigable Hervey, too, had come out with Swanton. With his wonted energy, he had promptly silenced the battery and occupied it with his marines. Troops quickly followed from Haviland in support, and, marching inland, they seized Gros Point (aka Fort de la Pointe du Bout), immediately opposite Isle des Ramiers. But here it was the same story. The officer in command reported the country quite impracticable for artillery, and suggested his return to Haviland and Swanton's ships. While waiting for orders, he was attacked by troops sent from Fort Royal across the Bay; but he easily drove them off, and eventually retired unmolested. It was unpleasant news for Rodney and Monckton when they arrived. There was obviously nothing left but failure or a direct attack.
On January 14, the whole fleet anchored in the mouth of Fort Royal Bay. Rodney and Monckton immediately proceeded to make a fresh reconnaissance, and ugly the project looked. The whole country appeared a kind of natural fortification, and, in spite of the various feints which had been made, it seemed to be swarming with irregular troops exactly adapted to the warfare in hand. The shores bristled with batteries, deep in the bay sat the formidable citadel towering on a rocky height, and above it, a little inshore, rose, like great outworks, three lofty hills the Morne Tortensson, the Morne Grenier, and the Morne des Capucins, all strongly entrenched. A landing within the bay was clearly impossible.
On January 15, a likely place was found, just to the north of it, at Case-Navire (near present-day Schœlcher). Like every other possible point, it was defended by batteries, and the country between it and Fort Royal looked as bad as ever. But it was this or nothing.
On the morning of January 16, the order of the attack having been arranged and the ships sent to their stations, they opened fire upon the batteries. By noon, these batteries were silenced. Soon after which the British troops were landed in three divisions in Case-Navire Bay, a little to the north of Morne aux Nègres (more precisely Pointe des Nègres Libres), under conduct of Captains Molyneux Shuldham, Robert Swanton and Augustus John Hervey. By sunset two-thirds of the army were on shore without loss of a man.
On January 17, shortly after daybreak, the rest of the army with 900 Marines, followed. The distance to Fort Royal was not great, only about 8 or 9 km. Morne aux Nègres forms the northern headland of the harbour, and had at its foot a road leading due east over the mountains to the capital town of Fort Royal (present-day Fort de France), some 5 km away. The country was terribly difficult, the way was blocked by deep gullies and ravines; while the French had erected redoubts at every point of vantage, as well as batteries on a hill beyond, named Morne Tortenson, manned by a company of Canonniers-Bombardiers de la Marine under the command of Captain Chevalier Pelletier de Liancourt and Lieutenant Joseph Gaspard Tascher de La Pagerie. Monckton was thus compelled to erect batteries to silence the French guns before he could advance farther. Immediately after landing, engineers, assisted by 1,000 sailors sent by the admiral, were set to work in raising batteries. The necessary guns were dragged to the front.
By January 24, British batteries against Morne Tortenson were completed, and at daybreak a general attack was made by a body of troops advancing along the coast parallel with a detachment of 1,000 seamen in boats under the fire of the batteries upon the French defences on Morne Tortenson, a party being at the same time detached to turn the French right flank. The turning movement was completely successful and the redoubts by the sea, on the French left, having been carried, the troops stormed post after post, until at 9:00 a.m. they were in possession not only of the detached redoubts but of the entire position of Morne Tortenson, with its guns and entrenchments. The French retired in great confusion, some to Fort Royal and some to Morne Grenier, a still higher hill to the north of Morne Tortenson. Simultaneously two brigades under Brigadiers Haviland and Walsh attacked other French posts to the north of Morne Tortenson and, after great difficulty owing to the steepness of the ground, succeeded in driving them also back to Morne Grenier. The losses of the British in this action amounted to 33 officers and 350 men killed and wounded.
Capture of Fort Royal
On January 25, Monckton, being now within range, began to throw up batteries against the citadel of Fort Royal, but finding himself much annoyed by the French batteries on Morne Grenier to his left, decided that these must first be silenced.
On the afternoon of January 27, before Monckton had time to launch an attack on them, the French entrenched at Morne Grenier suddenly debouched in 3 columns and launched an attack upon Haviland's brigade and the Light Infantry of the army, on Monckton's left. During this attack, one French column exposed its flank to the Highlanders and was almost instantly routed. The two remaining columns thereupon gave way, and the whole fled back to Morne Grenier with the British in chase. The pursuers plunged down into the intervening ravine after the French and swarming up Morne Grenier "by every path, road, and passage where men could run, walk, or creep," hunted the fugitives headlong before them. Night came on, but the British officers would not stop until they had cleared every Frenchman off the hill and captured all the works and guns. Monckton at once sent off more troops to support the pursuers.
By 1:00 AM on January 28, Morne Grenier was securely occupied, at a cost of little more than 100 British killed and wounded. The batteries on Morne Tortenson were then completed, new batteries were constructed within 370 meters of the citadel.
The French Governor, M. Louis le Vassor de La Touche Tréville, after leaving a garrison of about 1,000 men in Fort Royal, had retired with the bulk of his force to Saint-Pierre. A garrison so abandoned has seldom great resisting spirit. So soon as the governor's back was turned the regulars retired into the citadel, and the militia dispersed to their homes.
At the beginning of February, while the citadel was bombarded from Morne Tortenson, the third position, Morne des Capucins, which was the nearest to Fort Royal, was occupied without opposition. It was but 400 m. from the citadel, and Monckton immediately prepared to establish a new and more effective battery upon its summit. But the garrison would stand no more. Further resistance was indeed hopeless.
On February 3, Fort Royal surrendered. Even before the conquest of Martinique had been completed, Rodney had detached Captain Swanton to blockade Grenada.
On February 4, Fort Royal was in Monckton's hands. The garrison that marched out was but 800 men all told, but none the less the extraordinary physical difficulties and the precision and dash with which they had been overcome made the whole exploit a fine feat of arms. The strength of the French preparations, which they had had so long a time to make, may be judged by the fact that over a 170 pieces of artillery fell into Monckton's hands, with a vast quantity of ammunition. Added to this Rodney received the surrender of Pigeon Island on summons, and 14 fine privateers that were lying in the harbour.
Immediately after the surrender of Fort Royal, Hervey was sent round with a small squadron to support the frigates at La Trinité. There he promptly landed 500 seamen and marines to seize the place and the whole district at once made its submission. It was the end of the operations. M. de la Touche Tréville could resist no further the pressure which the inhabitants brought to bear upon him. Rodney was in the act of moving on against Saint-Pierre when a proposal for capitulation arrived.
By February 16, the whole Martinique island was in possession of the British. Captain Darby, of the Devonshire (74), and Major Gates, later a general in the army of the revolting American Colonists, carried home the dispatches announcing the capture of Fort Royal; and each received from the king the usual compliment of 500 Pounds. The British loss during the operations amounted to about 500 killed and wounded.
The regiments employed in Martinique, complete or in detachments, were the 4th King's Own, 15th Amherst, 17th Monckton, 22nd Gage, 27th Inniskilling, 28th Townshend, 35th Otway, 38th Watson, 40th Hopson, 42nd Royal Highland, 43rd Talbot, 48th Dunbar, III./60th Royal American, 65th Armiger, 69th Colville, II./76th Rufane's Regiment of Foot, 77th Montgomery's Highlanders, Vaughan's, 98th Grey, Stuart's, Campbell's, two companies of American Rangers, ten companies of Barbados Volunteers.
Operations against the French West Indies
On February 24, Captain Augustus John Hervey was detached against Sainte-Lucie with the Dragon (74), the Norwich (50), the Penzance (44), the Dover (44) and the Basilisk bomb (8). But Hervey could not satisfy himself as to the strength of the French and, to discover it, he disguised himself as a midshipman, and, in the capacity of an interpreter, accompanied the officer whom he sent to summon the governor, M. de Longueville. That gentleman refused to surrender, yet Hervey learnt much during his visit. The place was defended by a single fort, and Hervey assured himself it was possible to run right in and lay his ships close enough to knock it to pieces.
On February 25, Hervey made preparations for taking his ships into the harbour of Sainte-Lucie. No sooner were his ships seen standing for the harbour than a capitulation was sent to meet him. It was thus, as it were, single-handed, this intrepid officer had the honour of adding to the British possessions that famous naval base, which in the future was destined to be the key of British positions in the Caribbean Sea.
From February 26 to March 3, Monckton shipped off detachments to Sainte-Lucie and Saint-Vincent. Furthermore, Captain Swanton was reinforced at Grenada by vessels conveying troops.
On February 28, all doubt was removed about the war with Spain by the arrival from Antigua of a frigate from home with the Admiralty orders to begin hostilities. Still Rodney did not think it necessary to interrupt the work of organising his new conquest in which he was engaged off Saint- Pierre, or to call in his scattered squadrons.
On March 3, Swanton's reinforcements reached Grenada.
On March 4, the British summoned the island of Grenada but the governor refused to comply. The inhabitants, however, ignored him and capitulated.
On March 5, the governor himself was obliged to surrender at discretion. With Grenada fell the Grenadines. Swanton, leaving a garrison, returned to Martinique. The same day, 3 more frigates reached Rodney with despatches. One was direct from home, and another from Saunders with copies of the orders already received. The third had a different and less pleasant tale to tell. She was straight from Ushant, sent off in hot haste by Spry to inform him of Courbon-Blénac's escape. Since the first false alarm had reached him Rodney had had a chain of frigates to windward the whole length of the Caribbean Islands, on the look-out for the Brest squadron as well as for Spanish prizes, and he now repeated to them his orders for the utmost vigilance. It was now, too, he despatched his urgent order recalling Hervey, and at the same time sent word to Swanton, who was down at Grenada with 7 ships of the line, positive orders to attack Courbon-Blénac if he appeared on his station. As Fort Royal, however, was Courbon-Blénac's probable destination, Swanton was further directed, if he had already taken Grenada, to join the flag at once with 5 ships of the line, so as to enable Rodney to form two squadrons each strong enough to engage the enemy whether he tried to reach his goal by the north or the south end of Martinique.
Blénac, however, was too clever to do either. Having no mind to thrust his head into the lion's mouth, he warily made the windward side of Martinique near La Trinité.
Hervey was next about to proceed to Saint-Vincent to assure the Caribs that their neutrality would be maintained and that the French would be no longer suffered to interfere with them. No doubt the island would have been added to his score, but he was recalled by Rodney, in consequence of news having been received of the arrival of a French squadron.
On March 8, Courbon-Blénac sent an officer ashore for intelligence.
Early on March 9, Courbon-Blénac was sighted by the very frigate by which Spry had sent the warning. The same afternoon she was seen from Rodney's flagship off Saint-Pierre, flying the signal for an enemy's fleet, and the admiral immediately signalled to weigh. Unhappily it fell calm and he could not stir. The frigate captain came on board and reported that at 8:00 AM the French squadron, 13 sail strong, of which 8 were ships of the line, were off La Trinité standing south. The information indicated that it was Courbon-Blénac's intention to reach Fort Royal round the southern point of the island. There Douglas was cruising with a weak detachment, and his position was critical. Fortunately the wind had now sprung up, and Rodney, who had with him 6 ships of the line, crowded all sail to the rescue. Swanton and Hervey had been given the same point for rendezvous, and he made no doubt Courbon-Blénac was delivered into his hands. But he was doomed to disappointment. After joining Douglas he sailed round the island on the windward side, but without finding a trace of his opponent. When Courbon-Blénac had been seen by the British frigate he had already ascertained that the island was in British hands, and was now on his way northward, heading for Cap François. His board to the south which the frigate had seen had probably been only a ruse.
On March 10, after lying-to till midday, Courbon-Blénac put before the wind, warned perhaps from the shore of Rodney's movement, and after running so close to La Trinité that the officer in command made ready for an attack, he held away northward towards Dominica. Rodney summoned his detached division to a rendezvous off the Salines, and, with Sir James Douglas, vainly went in search of the French squadron.
A day or two after came news from Guadeloupe that Courbon-Blénac had been seen from there steering to the westward. There could no longer be room for doubt that he was making either for Jamaica or Cap François, with the probable intention of effecting a preconcerted junction with the Spaniards. Rodney thus found himself confronted with a strategical situation which called for all his sagacity and readiness to take responsibility. In Havana, Rodney knew that a formidable naval concentration had been going on for some time. It was said that 14 ships of the line were already there, and others were on the station. He felt, like Saunders at the other side of the ocean, that at all hazards the allied squadrons must be prevented from getting together. To stop Courbon-Blénac reaching Cap François was now impossible, and Swanton and Hervey having by this time joined Rodney resolved to return to Saint-Pierre for victuals and water with all speed, and then to proceed to the succour of Jamaica. His orders under the circumstances that had arisen, it will be remembered, did no more than authorise his detaching Douglas to Jamaica. But they had been issued before the Spanish declaration of war, and like the fine officer he was in his prime, Rodney determined to take the responsibility of leaving his station for the point of danger.
As in hot haste Rodney was watering at Saint-Pierre, the crisis was intensified and the course on which he had determined made clearer. An urgent express came in from the governor and council of Jamaica, to say they had learned from intercepted letters that the island was to be attacked by the combined forces of Spain and France, and the French officers who were to command were on board Courbon-Blénac's fleet.
On March 15, Courbon-Blénac reached Cap François, that is about the same time that Rodney had returned to water at Saint-Pierre. Captain Carteret of the Merlin sloop had been watching the port as usual, when that night he suddenly found himself close to the French fleet. Some of them gave chase, and seeing no escape Carteret, as a last hope, began signalling with lights and guns, as though the British battle-fleet were within call. Trite as was the device, it succeeded. It was no part of Courbon-Blénac's game to fight single-handed. He was fortunate enough not to find the Jamaica squadron barring his entrance to Cap François. The chasing ships were recalled and the squadron went crowding into port in such a hurry that a 64 took the ground and was lost.
On March 17, Courbon-Blénac disembarked 4,000 men at Dominica.
When Rodney had collected his whole force and had been assured that the French had gone to Cap François, he returned to Martinique to water. He there found the Aquilon (28), from which he learnt trustworthy details of M. de Courbon-Blénac's strength. He already knew, thanks to early information sent him by Commander George Johnstone, commanding the Hornet (14) on the Lisbon station, of the rupture with Spain and he was thus enabled to attack the Spanish trade in the West Indies before the Spaniards themselves knew that war had broken out. This important intelligence had been brought to Rodney by a small French privateer prize, which Johnstone had entrusted to the Hornet's master, Mr. John M'Laurin. At Martinique, Rodney also heard that a strong Spanish squadron had arrived at Havana and that Jamaica was believed to be threatened. He resolved to move at once to the Jamaica station with every ship that could be spared from the Caribbean Islands. Rodney also pressed Monckton to let him take a body of troops as well. Monckton in great distress refused because he did not consider himself authorised to detach troops from his command without orders from Great Britain. Rodney went off with practically his whole fleet (10 ships of the line, 3 frigates, and 3 bombs). Rodney also sent a frigate to warn Captain Arthur Forrest who, as senior officer, had succeeded Rear-admiral Holmes on the Jamaica station. Rodney instructed Forrest to join him with his whole squadron off Cape St. Nicolas in the Windward Passage where he intended to proceed with the main fleet.
Change of plan
On March 26, Rodney reached St. Christopher's. He was still preparing to sail for Cape St. Nicolas, the Richmond (32), Captain John Elphinstone, arrived from England with orders for him and General Monckton (who had already made his arrangements for the capture of Tobago) to postpone further operations pending the appearance of Admiral Sir George Pocock, who had been commissioned to conduct a secret expedition on an important scale. This did not prevent Rodney from sending Sir James Douglas, with 10 ships of the line, to the Jamaica station with directions to bring Forrest's squadron thence as soon as possible, and to join Pocock. Douglas' squadron consisted of:
- Dublin (74), Commodore Sir James Douglas, Captain Edward Gascoigne
- Culloden (74), Captain John Barker
- Dragon (74), Captain Aug. John Hervey
- Téméraire (74), Captain Matthew Barton
- Temple (70), Captain Julian Legge
- Devonshire (74), Captain Samuel Marshall
- Alcide (64), Captain Thomas Hankerson
- Stirling Castle (70), Captain James Campbell
- Nottingham (60), Captain Thomas Collingwood
- Sutherland (50), Captain Michael Everitt
- Dover (44), Captain Chaloner Ogle
- Thunder bomb (8), Commander Robert Haswell
- Grenado bomb (8)
On April 12, Douglas reached Port Royal where he found 9 sail. Here, he heard that the Brest squadron, now reduced to 6 ships of the line and 3 frigates, was in Cap François, and that any intention there may have been of an attack on Jamaica from Havana had been abandoned. He also heard that more troops were expected down from North America to join the "grand expedition." Disobeying orders sent from Great Britain to the squadron stationed at Jamaica, Douglas immediately sent Hervey away with 7 ships of the line and 2 frigates to take station at Tortuga, an island which lies just to leeward of Cap François, so as to cover the passage of the North American transports, and deal with Blénac if he attempted to come out.
Rodney also sent Captain Swanton, with a division, to cruise off the Spanish Main, and himself went to Saint-Pierre, Martinique, sending a frigate to meet Pocock at Barbados.
This article is essentially a compilation of texts from the following books which are now in the public domain:
- Anonymous: Particular description of the several descents on the coast of France last war; with an entertaining account of the islands of Guadeloupe, Dominique, etc., E. & C. Dilly, London, 1770, p. 73
- Clowes, Wm. Laird: The Royal Navy – A History from the Earliest Time to the Present, Vol. III, Sampson Low, Marston and Company, London: 1898, pp. 242-245, 252
- Corbett, Julian S.; England in the Seven Years' War – A Study in Combined Strategy, Vol II; New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1907; pp. 209-210, 218-226, 235-239
- Fortescue J. W.: A History of the British Army Vol. II, MacMillan, London, 1899, pp. 538-541
- Hennet, Léon Clément: Les milices et les troupes provinciales, 1834
Other sources
Daney, Sydney: Histoire de la Martinique depuis la colonisation jusqu'en 1815, Tome I, Fort Royal, 1846
Jean-Pierre Loriot for the precise composition of the French regular forces and of the relief forces transported by Courbon-Blénac's squadron
Jean Charles Soulié for additional information on the campaign


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Clickbaiting may soon come to an end on Facebook, which has launched an effort to deal with the problem.
Posts with clickbait headlines get higher placement in News Feeds — but 80 percent of the time, users prefer headlines that help them decide whether they want to read a full article before having to click through, a Facebook survey indicated.
"Over time, stories with clickbait headlines can drown out content from friends and pages that people really care about," wrote Facebook Research Scientist Khalid El-Arini and Product Specialist Joyce Tang.
Upworthy is one site that's notorious for creating clickbait headlines.
"This is actually the first time I've seen Facebook introduce something and I didn't cringe," Jim McGregor, principal analyst at Tirias Research.
"If nothing else, [it shows] Facebook is listening to its users and trying to make its site more useful, and is applying some policies to certain types of posts," he told the E-Commerce Times.
What Facebook Will Do
Facebook will monitor how long people spend reading an article away from its site in order to determine whether an article is clickbait. That will determine the News Feed ranking of stories with links in them.
"If they click through to a link and then come straight back to Facebook, it suggests that they didn't find something that they wanted," El-Arini and Tang wrote.
"Most Facebook users will appreciate the change, but this obviously takes away some of the creative tactics that some publishers have been exploiting," McGregor remarked. "When you see tactics like clickbaiting, you also have to question the credibility of the news source."
Concomitantly, Facebook also will clamp down on stories showing links shared in captions or status updates — again because it's found that people often prefer to click on links that are displayed in the link format.
The link format shows additional information associated with the link, such as the beginning of the article, which helps people decide whether or not to click through. It also makes it easier for users to click through on mobile devices.
Eyeballs on the User!
Facebook's references to surveying users, along with its plan to monitor how long users spend away from its site reading articles after clicking on links, may raise the hackles of those who are still smarting over its massive manipulation of users reported in June.
No further information was disclosed about the surveys, and Facebook has not indicated whether it will seek users' permission to monitor their reading habits.
"A Facebook spokesperson won't be available for an interview on this," Jordan Crary of Facebook's PR agency Outcast told the E-Commerce Times.
Money Talks
Clickbaiting may be irritating to readers, but perhaps the real driver behind Facebook's actions is the potential loss of advertising dollars.
The practice is "a large nuisance for online marketers as it numbs consumers and results in lower click-through rates across the board," Larry Chiagouris, a professor of marketing at Pace University, told the E-Commerce Times. "Any decline in click-through rates has the potential to negatively impact Facebook revenue."
Facebook is making big bucks online — advertisers worldwide will spend more than US$545 billion this year, eMarketer predicted.
That spending will be driven by steady increases in online and mobile advertising. The latter will increase nearly 85 percent this year to hit nearly $33 billion.
Facebook is expected to increase its global market share from about 6 percent to 8 percent this year, eMarketer forecast, and it is banking heavily on mobile ads.
Facebook is expected to take more than 22 percent of the global mobile ad market this year, compared with 18 percent last year, according eMarketer.
"Advertisers who engage in a real conversation with consumers through content that is clear and not deceptive will find these changes to be appealing," said Chiagouris, "and more of them will be drawn to Facebook."

subset: commoncrawl


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Home › Forums › Xiaomi Device Forums › Redmi NOTE 3 – kenzo › [OFFICIAL] Redmi NOTE 3 CM14.1 (CyanogenMod 14.1) Nougat 7.1 ROM
Tagged: Android Nougat, CM14, CyanogenMod ROM
- This topic has 0 replies, 1 voice, and was last updated 7 years, 2 months ago by shibaa987.
- AuthorPosts
- December 6, 2016 at 3:07 PM #9871shibaa987Moderator
Here is the OFFICIAL CyanogenMod 14.1 (CM14.1) for Redmi NOTE 3 (kenzo). You might know that CyanogenMod is now continued as Lineage OS. Stay tuned to the Lineage OS 14.1 Devices list page to get more updates on Lineage OS ROMs. This is an OFFICIAL CyanogenMod 14.1 NIGHTLY update for Redmi NOTE 3. Here are some more Redmi NOTE 3 Nougat ROMs: UNOFFICIAL CM14 for Redmi NOTE 3. In addition to this ROM we have update many OFFICIAL CM14.1 (CyanogenMod 14.1) for many supported devices and many Unofficial CyanogenMod 14/14.1 ROM updates.
Installing a custom ROM on a the Redmi NOTE 3 may require the bootloader to be unlocked on Redmi NOTE 3 and a Custom Recovery on Redmi NOTE 3, which may VOID your warranty and may delete all your data. Before proceeding further you may consider backup all data on the phone. You are the only person doing changes to your phone and I cannot be held responsible for the mistakes done by you. ALSO KNOW THAT THIS IS A DEVELOPMENT BUILD AND CONTAINS MORE BUGS THAN YOU CAN THINK.REQUIRED DOWNLOADS AND LINKS FOR REDMI NOTE 3 OFFICIAL CM14.1 (CYANOGENMOD 14.1) NOUGAT ROM UPDATE GUIDE:
- Unlocked bootlaoder on Redmi NOTE 3 and TWRP download link for Redmi NOTE 3 (kenzo).
– here is a guide: How to install TWRP recovery/Cyanogen recovery on Redmi NOTE 3
- ROM download link of OFFICIAL Cyanogenmod 14.1 for Redmi NOTE 3
- CyanogenMod 14.1 GApps download link for Redmi NOTE 3 CM14.1 ROM
Root binary is inbuilt since CyanogenMod 12, so you don't need a separate SuperSu package to install to gain ROOT access. Here is How to Enable ROOT on CM14.1/CyanogenMod 14.1
Follow these steps if you are flashing CM14.1 for Redmi NOTE 3 for the first time, or coming from another ROM:
Points to NOTE on BACKUP:
– Try to avoid restoring apps backup using Titanium Backup. It may break things up.
– Don't restore system data using Titanium Backup! It will definitely break the current installation.
– It is also discouraged to Restoring Apps + Data using Titanium Backup.- Download and Copy the Nougat GApps and CyanogenMod 14.1 Nougat ROM ZIP to Redmi NOTE 3 (kenzo).
- Boot into Recovery. Make sure to have a Custom recovery like CWM or TWRP or any other custom recovery.
- Wipe data factory reset, Cache partition, Dalvik Cache and Format the System partition.
– Here is a guide explaining how to wipe data using TWRP recovery.This will delete all your data on your phone. You may consider complete backup of your phone data or take a NANDROID backup of the current ROM.
– How to backup all data on your Android Device.
– how to take NANDROID backup using TWRP recovery. - First flash the Redmi NOTE 3 CM14.1 ROM ZIP from device.
– Here is a post explaining how to flash a custom ROM using TWRP recovery. - Then reboot into recovery (don't skip this) and flash the CM14.1 Nougat Google Apps package.
– Here is a post explaining how to flash GApps using TWRP recovery. - Reboot and Enjoy the CyanogenMod 14.1 Nougat ROM on Redmi NOTE 3 (kenzo).
Upgrading from earlier version of Redmi NOTE 3 CM14.1 Nougat ROM:
- Copy the Redmi NOTE 3 CM14.1 ROM ZIP file to your phone.
- Boot into Recovery.
- Flash the latest CM14.1 ROM ZIP from your phone.
– Here is a post explaining how to flash a custom ROM using TWRP recovery. - Then flash the CM14.1 Nougat Google Apps package.
– Here is a post explaining how to flash GApps using TWRP recovery. - Reboot and Enjoy
Complete the initial setup and enjoy Android Nougat 7.0.0_r1 with CyanogenMod 14.1 On Redmi NOTE 3 (codename: kenzo). After this CM14.1 installation you may want to enable ROOT access on your phone and here is how you can do that:
How to Enable ROOT on CM14.1/CyanogenMod 14.1.Stay tuned or Subscribe to the Xiaomi Redmi NOTE 3 (kenzo) forum For other Android Nougat ROMs, CyanogenMod 14 ROMs, other ROMs and all other device specific topics. - Unlocked bootlaoder on Redmi NOTE 3 and TWRP download link for Redmi NOTE 3 (kenzo).
- AuthorPosts
- You must be logged in to reply to this topic.


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Chavistas constantly acuse the press of treating their guy unfairly. They're not always wrong. But last night's little sound-bite, when Chavez lavished praise on the stomach-churningly violent dictator of Zimbabwe, confirms what we've known all along: the most damaging of the media "hits" on Chavez are always self-inflicted.
For a quick introduction to the character of the "Freedom Warrior" Robert Mugabe, have a look at:
- CNN: EU renews sanctions against Mugabe
Amnesty International: Zimbabwe Terror Tactics
International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims: New crackdown on rehabilitation centre for torture victims in Zimbabwe
The Guardian: Human rights award for 'courageous' Zimbabwe lawyer
Human Rights Watch: Zimbabwe: Food Used as Political Weapon
Human Rights Watch: Zimbabwe Page
EUpolitix.com: Zimbabwe slammed for human rights abuse
Associated Press: Trial of Zimbabwe Opposition Leader Ends
Oxford Student: President Mugabe Celebrates 80th Birthday
I could add 20 more links if I spent 20 more minutes on it...Mugabe's Google trail as a mass-scale human rights abuser is long and deep, so I just picked out stories from the last few of months or so.
Reminds you of these:
Though at least Chavez had the good sense not to praise Saddam personally.
For Mugabe, though? The AP write up is worth citing:
CARACAS (AP)--Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez praised Zimbabwe's embattled President Robert Mugabe as a "freedom fighter," bestowing the visiting African leader with a replica of South American independence hero Simon Bolivar's sword.
"I give you a replica of liberator Simon Bolivar's sword," Chavez said Thursday after the two leaders signed an energy cooperation agreement.
"For you, who like Bolivar, took up arms to liberate your people. For you, who like Bolivar, are and will always be a true freedom fighter," Chavez said. "He continues, alongside his people, to confront the pretensions of new imperialists."


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Ba Sao Investment installs solutions by JBL, Crown, Soundcraft and dbx in Nguyen Van Dao Hall to optimize coverage and clarity for lectures and on-campus events
HANOI, VIETNAM—Ba Sao Investment recently installed a complete HARMAN Professional Solutions audio system in Vietnam National University's Nguyen Van Dao Hall.
Founded in 1945, the state-owned academic institution currently offers graduate and undergraduate degrees in 131 Master programs, 126 Bachelor programs and 107 PhD programs in fields such as natural sciences, multi-industry technologies, social sciences and humanities, economics, education, foreign languages and more. In order to provide world-class audio for lectures, student activities and on-campus events, university leaders hired Ba Sao Investment to upgrade Nguyen Van Dao Hall's aging sound system with a comprehensive HARMAN audio solution.
"Vietnam National University is one of the most prestigious schools in Vietnam," said Nguyen Khac Anh, CEO, Ba Sao Investment. "VNU officials asked us to design a sound system that would enhance the clarity and coverage in the hall, while minimizing early reflections and unwanted reverberation. We surveyed the venue and determined the specifications required to achieve the university's goals. The HARMAN system we installed met all those specifications, while staying within their budget."
The HARMAN system installed in Nguyen Van Dao hall includes a main hang of JBL VRX932LA-1 line array speakers, supplemented by VRX918S subwoofers. VRX915M two-way speakers provide lecturers and performers with accurate, low-profile stage monitoring. The entire system is powered by Crown MA9000i tour-grade amplifiers, while a Soundcraft GB4-32 analog console ensures a clean, professional-sounding mix at each event.
One of Ba Sao Investment's biggest challenges was designing a system that would deliver proper coverage and clarity, despite the hall's traditional architecture and high ceilings. Ba Sao Investment relied on a dbx VENU360 loudspeaker management system to tune and optimize each speaker's performance in the room. Additionally, a dbx AFS224 processor delivers advanced feedback suppression to eliminate microphone feedback during lectures and events.
"The biggest obstacle we faced was working within the acoustic constraints of the existing architecture of the hall," continued Mr. Khac Anh. "Fortunately, HARMAN Professional Solutions provided all the necessary tools and processing power to achieve proper sound coverage in the hall, and all of the equipment worked together seamlessly—making it that much easier to optimize the system."
"We are proud to see our solutions being used by Vietnam National University," said Ramesh Jayaraman, VP & GM, HARMAN Professional Solutions, APAC. "We believe the students and faculty will now enjoy a world-class audio experience in Nguyen Van Dao Hall. We thank Ba Sao Investment for their confidence in HARMAN's products and their dedication to customer satisfaction."


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2023-2024 University Catalog > All Programs > Mathematical Sciences
Office: 150 Houghton Hall
(716) 673-3243
Dr. Junaid Zubari, Chairperson Dr. Lang Cheng, Coordinator
Dr. Keary Howard, Mathematics Education Coordinator
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: https://www.fredonia.edu/academics/colleges-schools/college-liberal-arts-sciences/mathematical-sciences
The goal of the programs in mathematics is to prepare students for the lifelong study and use of mathematics. The application of mathematics has made possible many of the technological advances now taken for granted. Conversely, problems in business, science and engineering, when formulated mathematically, often spur advances in mathematics. This interplay between mathematics and other disciplines has been growing and now includes many more areas than would have been thought possible only a few years ago.
The Department of Mathematical Sciences offers four undergraduate program options within mathematics. The Mathematics major is recommended for those who plan to pursue graduate study in mathematics or seek general employment following graduation. Students who plan a mathematics-related career in business, industry, or science may wish to major in Applied Mathematics. For students planning a career in teaching, the department offers two majors: Mathematics Adolescence Education, to prepare high school mathematics teachers (grades 7 through 12), and Middle Childhood Education – Mathematics Specialist, to prepare mathematics teachers for middle school (grades 5 through 9). Both teacher preparation programs lead to recommendation for Initial Certification in New York State.
The department offers a Mathematics 7-12 Master of Science in Education degree program to provide middle and high school mathematics teachers the opportunity to work towards Professional Certification. The department also offers minors in Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Statistics, and Data Science, and, in collaboration with the Department of Physics, a degree program in Mathematics-Physics. It also participates in the Cooperative Engineering program.
Upon recommendation of the faculty, qualified students are invited to join the Honors Program in Mathematics. The objectives of the program are to: (1) deepen a student's understanding and appreciation of mathematics; (2) provide the student with the opportunity to conduct research on a selected topic with guidance from a faculty member; and (3) enhance the student's preparation for graduate study in mathematics. The requirements for the program are as follows:
Generally, MATH 390 is taken in the spring semester of the student's junior year, and MATH 490 is taken in the senior year. The department also offers MATH 190 Honors Problem Solving each spring to a select group of freshmen who have been recommended by their calculus instructors. Although not a formal part of the Honors Program, MATH 190 is a good course for freshmen who like working on non-trivial problems and wish to further develop their analytical thinking skills.
Many mathematics students participate in the activities of the Mathematics Club (Chi Tau Omega). The club holds academic and social activities, and helps sponsor trips to professional meetings. In addition, Fredonia has a chapter of Pi Mu Epsilon, a national honorary society devoted to the promotion of scholarly activity in mathematics by students.
Several scholarships are awarded annually to mathematics majors based on academic performance and faculty recommendations: the Frank R. Olson Scholarship, the Earl G. Mathewson Memorial Scholarship, the Santa A. B. DiPasquale Memorial Scholarship, the Mark Buckenmeyer Scholarship, the Dr. Nelson C. & Louise A. Wood Memorial Fund Scholarship, the Boynton Scholarship, the Zastrow Scholarship, and the Myron T. Dana Scholarship.
For further details about the programs in mathematics, contact the chairperson of the Department of Mathematical Sciences. Interested persons should also examine the programs offered in Computer and Information Sciences.


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This link list to report for April (for bloggers) will remain open from April 21 - 29.
Of course we want pictures and more information if you'd like!! This is merely the minimum requirement for reporting. Please ensure you link to the exact SFS post on your blog and not your general blog page.
Email participants please click to send in your report:
Issues, concerns, confused, etc?
Please feel free to leave a comment here and I will respond via email or comment back if you don't have an email connected to your blogger profile.
Email me (Mel) direct at email@example.com


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Beauty salons around the world have sprung up as a response to the growing list of clientele who even with the recession blues spend quite a lot of money on beauty treatments.
Also known as a beauty shop, these salons provide professional beauty treatments to both men and women. Recently with growing demand for natural beauty treatments, there is a spurt in the availability of aromatherapy, massages, mud baths and other such services by the salons.
Besides the haircuts and styles, the most common beauty treatments offered by the salons include hair extensions, hair coloring, manicures and pedicures, eyebrow design and reshaping, facial hair removal, arm and leg waxing along with a range of facials and rejuvenation treatments.
Some beauty salons even offer specialized beauty and skin treatments like ear piercing, micro debrasion, capillary correction, collagen treatments and photo rejuvenation. Attractive packages and discounts on the services are offered in the form of bridal packages or summer specials and so on. In addition to this you can also opt for makeup and accessories for special occasions.
Many beauty salons offer a number of beauty products for sale as well. From makeup products like lipsticks, blushes, eye makeup to special skin care kits, herbal beauty products and so on.
When choosing the beauty salons you need to evaluate the services that you require. For example do you want a simple haircut or do you want to opt for specialized services like a European facial.
Check with the parlor whether you need to take an appointment or can you just walk in for availing the services. If you want a special service then in majority of the cases you will have to take a prior appointment at the parlor.
Finally it all comes down to the price of the services that a beauty parlor offers along with the reputation of the professionals there. While popular stylists usually charge a higher price for their services, you can choose to work with a affordable stylist and cosmetologist at a salon near you.
If you find the services provided by the beauty salon to be adequate then it is best to stick to it to get the best beauty services for all your needs.


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Significance and Use
A main purpose of using robots in emergency response operations is to enhance the safety and effectiveness of emergency responders operating in hazardous or inaccessible environments. The testing results of the candidate robot shall describe, in a statistically significant way, how reliably the robot is able to perform the specified types of tasks and thus provide emergency responders sufficiently high levels of confidence to determine the applicability of the robot.
This test method addresses robot performance requirements expressed by emergency responders and representatives from other interested organizations. The performance data captured within this test method are indicative of the testing robot's capabilities. Having available a roster of successfully tested robots with associated capabilities data to guide procurement and deployment decisions for emergency responders is consistent with the guideline of "Governments at all levels have a responsibility to develop detailed, robust, all-hazards response plans" as stated in National Response Framework.
This test method is part of a test suite and is intended to provide a capability baseline for the robotic communications systems based on the identified needs of the emergency response community. Adequate testing performance will not ensure successful operation in all emergency response environments due to possible extreme communications difficulties. Rather, this standard is intended to provide a common comparison that can aid in choosing appropriate systems. This standard is also intended to encourage development of improved and innovative communications systems for use on emergency response robots.
The standard apparatus is specified to be easily fabricated to facilitate self-evaluation by robot developers and provide practice tasks for emergency responders to exercise robot actuators, sensors, and operator interfaces. The standard apparatus can also be used to support operator training and to establish operator proficiency.
Although the test method was developed first for emergency response robots, it may be applicable to other operational domains, such as law enforcement and armed services.
1.1 Purpose:
1.1.1 The purpose of this test method, as a part of a suite of radio communication test methods, is to quantitatively evaluate a teleoperated robot's (see Terminology E2521) capability to perform maneuvering and inspection tasks in a line-of-sight environment.
1.1.2 Robots shall possess a certain set of radio communication capabilities, including performing maneuvering and inspection tasks in a line-of-sight environment, to suit critical operations for emergency responses. The capability for a robot to perform these types of tasks in unobstructed areas down range is critical for emergency response operations. This test method specifies a standard set of apparatuses, procedures, and metrics to evaluate the robot/operator capabilities for performing these tasks.
1.1.3 Emergency response robots shall be able to operate remotely using the equipped radios in line-of-sight (LOS) environments, in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments, and for signal penetration through such impediments as buildings, rubbles, and tunnels. Additional capabilities include operating in the presence of electromagnetic interference and providing link security and data logging. Standard test methods are required to evaluate whether candidate robots meet these requirements.
1.1.4 ASTM E54.08.01 Task Group on Robotics specifies a radio communication test suite, which consists of a set of test methods for evaluating these communication capabilities. This line-of-sight range test method is a part of the radio communication test suite. The apparatuses associated with the test methods challenge specific robot capabilities in repeatable ways to facilitate comparison of different robot models as well as particular configurations of similar robot models.
1.1.5 This test method establishes procedures, apparatuses, and metrics for specifying and testing the capability of radio (wireless) links used between the operator station and the testing robot in a line-of-sight environment. These links include the command and control channel(s) and video, audio, and other sensor data telemetry.
1.1.6 This test method is intended to apply to ground based robotic systems and small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) capable of hovering to perform maneuvering and inspection tasks down range for emergency response applications.
1.1.7 This test method specifies an apparatus that is an essentially clear radio frequency channel for testing. Fig. 1 provides an illustration.
Note 1—Frequency coordination and interoperability are not addressed in this standard. These issues should be resolved by the affected agencies (Fire, Police, and Urban Search and Rescue) and written into the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) that guide the responses to emergency situations.
1.1.8 The radio communication test suite quantifies elemental radio communication capabilities necessary for robots intended for emergency response applications. As such, based on their particular capability requirements, users of this test suite can select only the applicable test methods and can individually weight particular test methods or particular metrics within a test method. The testing results should collectively represent a ground robot's overall radio communication capability. These test results can be used to guide procurement specifications and acceptance testing for robots intended for emergency response applications.
Note 2—As robotic systems are more widely applied, emergency responders might identify additional or advanced robotic radio communication capability requirements to help them respond to emergency situations. They might also desire to use robots with higher levels of autonomy, beyond teleoperation to help reduce their workload
1.2 Performing Location—This test method shall be performed in a testing laboratory or the field where the specified apparatus and environmental conditions are implemented.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units shall be the standard. The values given in parentheses are not precise mathematical conversions to inch-pound units. They are close approximate equivalents for the purpose of specifying material dimensions or quantities that are readily available to avoid excessive fabrication costs of test apparatuses while maintaining repeatability and reproducibility of the test method results. These values given in parentheses facilitate testing but are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Left: The line-of-sight range test method uses an airstrip or paved road with robot test stations placed every 100 m (330 ft) along the centerline. Right: Robot test stations are prototyped with targets on the barrels for visual inspection tasks and circular paths for maneuvering tasks.
FIG. 1 Test Fabrication at An Air Strip


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"It is not written in our hearts, it is carved in our hearts." I awoke this morning still shaken with these words in my head.
Yesterday I was in Ramadi and Fallujah. Instead of bringing a message of caring, of empathy for their suffering and a desire for peace, my presence as someone from the U.S, seemed to open wounds that are unfathomably deep.
I sat in on a lecture, given in English, to maybe fifty or more young men and women at a college in Ramadi. They were all about 22 and 23 years of age, in their last year of a 5-year program. That means they were about 13 or 14 years old during the U.S. led invasion and beginning of the occupation. I was invited to speak by the president as an "honored guest" after the lecture. To my embarrassment the professor graciously hurried through his lecture on my account. I had everyone's attention. It was awkward for me, and after introducing myself, I said I would be grateful to hear from them. There was only silence. I am sure my words sounded empty, trite and artificial.
Then a young man in the front row only a couple of feet from me said in a quiet voice "We have nothing to say. The last years have been only sad ones." Again there was silence.
Sami, my host from Najaf and part of the Muslim Peacemaker Team, stood and shared. He told the story of how, after the U.S. bombing assaults on Fallujah, he and others came from the Shia cities of Najaf and Karbala, to carry out a symbolic act of cleaning up rubble and trash in the streets of Fallujah. This gesture, he said, melted hearts and healed some of the brokenness between Sunni and Shia. He
spoke of the delegation of peacemakers from the United States who were just in Najaf for twelve days, of the work to build bridges and seek reconciliation.
An impassioned young woman from the middle of the lecture hall spoke up. It was obviously not easy for her. "It is not," she said, "about lack of water and electricity [something I had mentioned]. You have destroyed everything. You have destroyed our country. You have destroyed what is inside of us! You have destroyed our ancient civilization. You have taken our smiles from us. You have
taken our dreams!"
Someone asked, "Why did you this? What did we do to you that you would do this to us?"
"Iraqis cannot forget what Americans have done here," said another. "They destroyed the childhood. You don't destroy everything and then say 'We're sorry.' "You don't commit crimes and then say 'Sorry.'"
"To bomb us and then send teams to do investigations on the effects of the bombs…No, it will not be forgotten. It is not written on our hearts, it is carved in our hearts."
We are happy to make bridges between people, said the president of the college, but we will not forget. What can you do? In Fallujah 30% of the babies are born deformed." What can you do?
He spoke of how he'd met an American soldier in the airport. He was part of the Special Forces in Iraq. The soldier told him "The bible tells us not to kill. But we were taught to kill, to kill for nothing. Just kill. I am so sorry."
"Build bridges? the president repeated. Apologize? he said. What can you do?" There was no rancor in his tone or demeanor, only anger and deep pain.
A young man said….The U.S. is still here. There are fifteen thousand people at the U.S. embassy in Baghdad. [and 5,000 security personal to protect them]. They have their collaborators. The war is not over.
We later visited a Sheik in Fallujah in his home. He and Sami embraced warmly and he welcomed us into the sitting area. In the course of our sharing we spoke of our visit to nearby Ramadi, of what was said there. "War always results in two losers," he said sorrowfully.
Cathy Breen works with Voices for Creative Non-Violence and is a Catholic Worker at Mary House in New York City. She lived in Iraq prior to the U.S. invasion in 2003 and during the occupation.


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We have seen quite a bit of hand-wringing by those in the mainstream news media about the repression against protests in Cairo during the past few weeks. What we don't see on television are the oppressive tactics used against protesters and journalists here in the United States. Never mind the fact that the Obama administration refuses to prosecute any of the crimes which led to the financial crisis. Simply protesting against the refusal of Attorney General Eric Hold-harmless to do his job can result in arrests and beatings administered by police. At The eXiled blog,Yasha Levine discussed the targeting of journalists by police, hell-bent on squelching coverage of the Occupy movement:
Remember how in November, Bloomberg and the NYPD got a lot of heat from the city's media establishment for the arrest rampage they unleashed on journalists covering the eviction raid on Liberty Plaza? Cops arrested more than two dozen accredited journalists from major news outlets, including the New York Post, NPR, AFP and The Associated Press. Hell, cops even clubbed a couple of reporters for the baggertarian rag The Daily Caller. As a result, New York's police commissioner made a big show of issuing an order that instructed police officers not to interfere with journalists covering OWS.
But clearly that was just for show.
Because this month the NYPD has gone out of its way to harass and arrest journalists covering OWS, especially targeting live streamers and indie journalists who can't be counted on for propaganda support like the mainstream folks. According to Free Press' Josh Stearns, who has been maintaining a list of journalists arrested while covering the Occupy Movement across the country, at least five journalists and seven live streamers were arrested by the NYPD in the first half of December.
* * *
The NYPD continued harassing indie journalists five days later during the D17 protests. Some were bashed with batons, others were threatened with having their official press passes revoked. By the end of the day, at least two journalists were arrested, including photojournalist Zach Roberts and Jennifer Dworkin, an independent filmmaker who had worked for PBS.
It will be interesting to see whether a new piece of technology, called the "Occucopter" will enable those reporters to obtain valuable images of abusive police tactics – without getting their own skulls crushed in the process. The Guardian provided this report:
This week in New York, Occupy Wall Street protesters have a new toy to help them expose potentially dubious actions of the New York police department. In response to constant police surveillance, police violence and thousands of arrests, Occupy Wall Street protesters and legal observers have been turning their cameras back on the police. But police have sometimes made filming difficult through physical obstruction and "frozen zones". This occurred most notably during the eviction of protesters from Zuccotti Park in lower Manhattan, where police prevented even credentialed journalists from entering.
Now the protesters are fighting back with their own surveillance drone. Tim Pool, an Occupy Wall Street protester, has acquired a Parrot AR drone he amusingly calls the "occucopter". It is a lightweight four-rotor helicopter that you can buy cheaply on Amazon and control with your iPhone. It has an onboard camera so that you can view everything on your phone that it points at. Pool has modified the software to stream live video to the internet so that we can watch the action as it unfolds. You can see video clips of his first experiments here. He told us that the reason he is doing this "comes back to giving ordinary people the same tools that these multimillion-dollar news corporations have. It provides a clever loophole around certain restrictions such as when the police block press from taking shots of an incident."
The American public is no longer content to sit back and do nothing while the Obama administration sits back and does nothing to prosecute those criminals whose fraudulent conduct devastated the American economy. In my last posting, I discussed the intensifying wave of criticism directed against the President by his former supporters as well as those disgusted by Obama's subservience to his benefactors on Wall Street. Since that time, Scot Paltrow wrote a great piece for Reuters, concerning the Justice Department's failure to intervene against improper foreclosure procedures. Paltrow's widely-acclaimed essay inspired several commentators to express their disgust about government permissiveness toward such egregious conduct. At The Big Picture, Barry Ritholtz shared his reaction to the Reuters article:
The fraud is rampant, self-evident, easy to prosecute. The only reason it hasn't been done so far is that this nation is led by corrupt cowards and suffers from a ruinous two-party system.
We were once a great nation that set a shining example for the rest of the world as to what the Rule of Law meant. That is no more, as we have become a corrupt plutocracy. Why our prosecutors cower in front of the almighty banking industry is beyond my limited ability to comprehend.
Without any sort of legal denouement, we should expect an angry electorate and an unhappy nation.
Is there any hope for America or will we continue on our course of devolution toward becoming a banana republic? At his Pragmatic Capitalism blog, Cullen Roche brought a glimmer of hope to some of us when he published Saxo Bank's list of 10 outrageous predictions for 2012. I was particularly encouraged by the third item on the list:
3. A yet unannounced candidate takes the White House
In 1992, Texas billionaire Ross Perot managed to take advantage of a recessionary economy and popular disgust with US politics and reap 18.9 per cent of the popular vote. Three years of Obama has brought too little change and only additional widespread disillusionment with the entire US political system, and conditions for a third party candidate have never been riper. Someone with a strong programme for real change throws his or her hat in the ring early in 2012 and snatches the presidency in November in one of the most pivotal elections in US history, taking 38 per cent of the popular vote.
I'm keeping my fingers crossed.


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Show All Answers
8-cubic-yards of bulk trash can be picked up.
View the Waste Pro pick-up map (PDF).
Property owners are responsible for maintaining any public right-of-way abutting their property.
No, you are not allowed to park on your front lawn.
Residents may park no more than two vehicles on the public right-of-way, parallel to traffic. Whether or not the resident uses the right-of-way for parking, they must maintain it.
The City addresses the violation notice to the property owner; however, tenants should confer with their landlord on specific contractual obligations.
Rental advertisements for a period of less than 3 months are prohibited. Rentals for a period of 3 months or less, or renting/leasing more than 4 times in a twelve month period is prohibited.
Bulk trash is placed on the curbside.
Contact the Code Compliance Department 305-895-9832.
Access the Code of Ordinances website.
Speak with your Code Officer. View the Code Compliance Officers to contact a Code Officer.


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The economy of Australia is a prosperous, free market economy dominated by its services sector, representing 68% of Australian GDP. The agricultural and mining sectors (10% of GDP combined) account for 57% of the nation's exports.
Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. Perth ranks fourth amongst the nation's cities, with a growth rate consistently above the national average. Perth dominates the Western Australian economy by virtue of its population and role as the administrative centre for business and government, despite the major mining, petroleum and agricultural export industries located elsewhere in the state. Perth?s function as the State?s capital city, its economic base and population size have also created development opportunities for many other businesses oriented to local or more diversified markets.
Perth has an overall cost of living index which equates it with high cost of living locations. The overall cost of living index is comprised of the prices for defined quantities of the same goods and services across all 13 Basket Groups.
The latest cost of living rank for each of the 13 Basket Groups is now available.


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Maui Brewing and Jolly Pumpkin To Release Sobrehumano Palena 'ole
Sobrehumano Palena 'ole Truly Local, Truly No Ka OiLAHAINA, MAUI, HI – Maui Brewing Co. (MBC) is proud to announce a collaboration with Jolly Pumpkin Artisan Ales (JPAA) of Ann Arbor, Michigan to create a very special beer, Sobrehumano Palena 'ole. This will be Maui Brewing's first collaboration released in a can. The release is scheduled for June 8 at SAVOR, an annual craft beer and food exposition held in Washington DC, and will reach all 11 states Maui Brewing Co. beers are available.Sobrehumano Palena 'ole is a red ale brewed with liliko'i and cherries. MBC and JPAA will both brew this beer; however MBC will use standard fermentation while the JPAA version is a barrel aged sour. The beers will be packaged both by MBC (in cans) and JPAA (in bottles). MBC will produce approximately 4000 cases and 80 barrels in draft of the Maui version.
Ron Jeffries of JPAA tells us a little about how this project came together, "John and Garrett were planning their collaborations for 2012 and because John is from Michigan and coming home for the holidays my name came up. This whole idea came together really fast — just weeks before John's visit. It's been a very challenging blend to develop — I'm super-excited about it and a little intimidated at the same time. I've been enchanted by Hawaii for years and it's been great to work with everyone at MBC and get to know them. I always enjoy collaborations but this one is something really special."
Just like the beer itself, the name, Sobrehumano Palena 'ole, is a blended Spanish-Hawaiian term meaning "superhuman" and "without limits". John Walsh of Maui Brewing Co. says, "I think the names for the beer are a perfect fit. When we started this there were literally no limitations or boundaries placed on the project whatsoever. That type of latitude is rare. Collaborating with Ron and Jolly Pumpkin has been a dream of mine for years. It's an honor to see it become reality."
John was also behind the idea of the artwork that will grace the MBC cans and JPAA bottles. While each design is different, both renditions include an acknowledgment of the distance in miles from Lahaina, Hawaii to Ann Arbor, Michigan. "The idea for the artwork has been floating around in my head for years. Given Ron's love of Hawaii and our shared interest in paddle boarding, it came together nicely," comments John.
Maui Brewing Co.is a truly Hawaiian brewery, and proud to be wholly produced in Hawaii. Recognized as Hawaii's #1 craft beer since 2005, the company has a strong commitment to the local economy and the environment. MBC beers are packaged with the most eco-friendly materials. Cans are manufactured on Oahu and designed by local Maui artists. They have the added bonus of better protecting the beer from both light and oxygen damage a which can compromise the taste. Plastic rings are dangerous to marine life and therefore, a unique, recyclable plastic carrying device is used to hold the cans. The spent grain from beer production is donated to local ranchers for cattle feed and composting. MBC is also very active in several local Hawaiian charities.Founder Garrett Marrero and his wife, Melanie, operate a 7-barrel brewpub at the Kahana location as well as a 25-barrel production brewery and canning facility in Lahaina. Maui Brewing Co. is a truly local beer as 100% of their products are made in Hawaii.


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I had never milked a goat before the time I wrapped my fingers around Apple's teat and squeezed, inside a barn on a one-acre plot next to a public school in Woodbridge, Detroit. Two volunteers at the farm, Doug Reith and Leeann Drees, offered to bring me along for their turn at tending the animals at the Catherine Ferguson Academy, a school that's also home to one of the city's best known urban farms, made so by its appearance in the much-lauded documentary Grown in Detroit and a profile in Oprah Magazine.
Urban farms have become sort of cliche in Detroit, cast as a gardener's pipe dream that will save the city, one batch of arugula at a time. There's no question that many stories on the subject have been done. But at the Catherine Ferguson Academy, a school for pregnant teens and young mothers, four in five girls participate in free and reduced-price meal programs. Cliche or not, this is a city that needs cheap, nutrient-dense food — the kind that comes out of the sun and soil of a farm, urban or otherwise.
But the pastures at CFA, as its known, are facing a crisis.
As Rachel Maddow recently reported, city-wide budget cuts are threatening to close the school, and if that happens, the fields will go fallow. My hosts Doug and Leeann, who make cheese with surplus goat milk harvested from the farm, told me about a protest to keep the school open, a sit-in that was quickly broken up by police.
Why risk arrest to protest the school's closure? Says one student in a YouTube video of the sit-in, talking about pregnant women, including herself, "Sometimes it's like we don't have no hope. Basically it's our job to give them some hope. You can't just let them feel like they're alone. [This says to them] You're not alone, because you've got people like us fighting for you."
As the budgetary fight wages on-a decision on CFA is scheduled for this summer-the goats still need to be milked twice a day. As the sun was setting and the mosquitoes were coming out in force, Apple and her pen-mate Royal, gave almost two liters of milk, most of which will stay on the farm. (I was most proud of myself for avoiding the flying hooves of Apple, who probably hasn't been called docile lately.)
Walking past the rabbit warrens, hen house and horse pasture, where the school's brown mare trotted over to greet us, Doug and Leeann wondered what would happen to the farm if the school was shut down. Without girls and volunteers and, yes, money to tend the fields, they'd probably just be abandoned. Like so much else in Detroit.


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Athena Locksmith Bradenton offers residential locksmith services anywhere near or around bradenton.
Athena Locksmith Bradenton offers Automotive, Commercial, and Residential locksmith services anywhere in or around Bradenton FL. Are you locked out? Athena Locksmith Bradenton are here to help you any time, day or night, no matter the lock, no matter the difficulty, you can rely on our locksmith techs to handle the job quickly and easily. Call us or fill out this form to get more information.
Bradenton ( BRAY-dən-tən) is a city in and the county seat of Manatee County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city's population is 55,698. == History == === Late 18th and early 19th centuries === A settlement established by Maroons or escaped slaves named Angola existed in Bradenton's present area starting in the late 1700s and ending in 1821. It is believed to been spread out between the Manatee River (then known as Oyster River) all the way to Sarasota Bay. The community is estimated to have had 600–750 residents in it.
All Neighborhood Barbershop, Amaryllis Park, Arlington Park, Bayou Oaks, Bayshore Gardens, Bedrock Southern Pines, Bellevue Terrace, Bird Key, Bougainvillea Place, Bradenton Beach, Bradenton Village, Cape Town Village, Central Cocoanut, Copperleaf, Cypress Creek Estates


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Welcome from your Lampasas County Coordinator!
My name is Mary Ann Hetrick, I am the Coordinator for Lampasas County. I don't live in Lampasas but I will do my best to add what I can to help you find your ancestors. I can't do research for you, or answer queries, what I do know will be posted on these pages.
You can help!
I need you to help to make this a better site! Please volunteer for lookups, or donate source materials. Donations of photographs, historical articles, family biographies, school and class pictures for the Lampasas County website are always welcome. If you have anything to share - please consider letting us post it online. It is a great way to meet other researchers and share our wonderful heritage.Thanks!
This page is a proud part of the TXGenWeb Project, and USGenWeb Project. You can Learn more About Us. If Lampasas County is not the County your looking for look at The TXGenWeb County Selection Page
What you can expect to find
- Source material trascribed and donated by others - Records
- Census Trascriptions 1860 & 1870 including Mortality Schedules
- Cemetery Trascriptions 1856-1995
- Military Records
- Obituraries
- Information on where to locate records in Lampasas County - Research
- Addresses for Research
- How to order Vital Records
- Historical Markers
- Miscellaneous Newspaper articles
- Maps
- Pictures of the people and places in Lampasas County - Photos (Updated!)
- Queries and Surnames that others are researching - Queries
- Help from others with resources or able to search for information - Lookups


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Were you looking for Development job results?
Click Here to search for Development in our 2.4M jobs.
Online Resumes with "Development"
Useing my knowlege for advancing
Looking for security, development and recognition.
Ideal Companies: R&D LAB.
Tags for this Online Resume: jobseeker
Tractor-trailer Truck Driver
Supply Chain Executive with an established record of developing profitable methods to increase efficiency and reduce costs. A proven reputation for embracing challenges with a proactive, organized approach to solving problems with responsible follow-through and delivery of practical results. Management responsibilities have included: Purchasing, Financial Reporting, Inside Sales, Distribution Logistics, Operations, Produ...
Ideal Companies: Distribution, Logistics, Inside Sales
Tags for this Online Resume: Procurement, Analyst, Logistics coordinator
Looking to help your company succeed
I am looking to be a team player a part of a successful growing company
Ideal Companies: Canon, Adobe, Large photography Studio, Anything to do wth photography and Animals, pets
Tags for this Online Resume: sales, service, advertising, printing, photography
Senior Executive Professional Representative
I want a new challenge in pharmaceutical or medical sales. I want to partner my experience, product knowledge and strong customer relationships with an ethical company. I want to communicate with medical professionals in a clinical and consultative approach with the patient's best interests in mind.
Ideal Companies: Amgen, Astra-Zeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, Lilly, Abbott, Novartis, Takeda, InVentiv
Tags for this Online Resume: pharmaceutical knowledge, develop strategic business plans, strong communication skills, interpersonal communication, territory/market analysis, utilizes effective selling techniques, strong professional relationships
Web Marketing and Business Development Specialist
Creative, Entrepreneurial, Intelligent, Driven, Ambitious, Above Average, Dedicated, Enthusiastic, Good Looking
Ideal Companies: Google, Apple, Gillette, BMW, Mercedes, Anyone who is creative and innovative; fast-paced
Tags for this Online Resume: Marketing, Business Development, Partner Relations, Web Marketing, Product Management, Internet Marketing, e-Commerce
Enthusuastic Training and Development Specialist
responsible, accountable, punctual,organized,motivated,self starter,team player,ethical,honest,reliable,trainable,committed,personable,educated,excited,professional,assertive,patient,pleasant,trustworthy, flexible,helpful
Ideal Companies: The United States Government:State Vocational Rehabilitations Specialist:Children's Hospital:One that could benefit from the employment of a hard-working employee.
Production / Product Development
Individual who has been in the industry for 13 years. Looking for a position that challenges me while providing growth. Important to have a work - life balance.
Tags for this Online Resume: Development, Product, Social, Apparel, Sportswear, Management, Coordinate, Production, Sourcing
ARDMS in multiple modalities
professional with exceptional interpersonal
Ideal Companies: Broward General Medical Center
Tags for this Online Resume: Business Development
my page title is awesome
xvsere, weori, wasdlfs, xvsere, weori, wasdlfs, xvsere, weori, wasdlfs, xvsere, weori, wasdlfs, xvsere, weori, wasdlfs, xvsere, weori, wasdlfs, xvsere, weori, wasdlfs, xvsere, weori, wasdlfs, xvsere, weori, wasdlfs, xvsere, weori, wasdlfs, xvsere, weori, wasdlfs, xvsere, weori, wasdlfs, xvsere, weori, wasdlfs, xvsere, weori, wasdlfs, xvsere, weori, wasdlf
Ideal Companies: adobe, microsoft, mcdonalds
Executive Assistant
Team player, organized, detailed, honest, devoted
Ideal Companies: Real Estate, Construction, Development
The Perfect Marketing Candidate
Creative, advertising, marketing wiz, experienced manager, healthy, fitness and nutrition enthusiast, musical, prefer to work outdoors or in the field, traveler, organized, planner, coordinator, time management guru.
Ideal Companies: Warner Brothers, Sony, Atlantic, GNC, Balle Total Fitness, Capricorn, Geffen, Virgin, EAS
Warehouse Manager
Family orientated, Self motivated, dependable, a leader, a team player, spritual, strong, warm personality, easy to get along with, an asset to any company
Ideal Companies: Microsoft


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LG Electronics revealed its new Optimus G Pro on Monday, marketing it as a direct challenge to Samsung Electronics' successful Galaxy Note 2.
The new device will have a 5.5-inch screen, similar to the Note, but will boast a much higher resolution of 1,920 by 1,080, giving it 400 pixels per inch, on an IPS (in-plane switching) screen with stronger colors and wider viewing angles, LG said. The Note's screen has a 267 pixel-per-inch Super AMOLED screen with resolution of 1,280 by 720.
The new Optimus G Pro will go on sale Wednesday in South Korea for 968,000 won (US$898). The company expects to launch it in Japan and North America in the second quarter, said Chang Ma, vice president of marketing strategy at the company, during a news conference in Seoul. The company also said it will show the phone at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Spain, next week.
With the introduction of another device in its high-end Optimus G series, LG is attempting to squeeze into the premium smartphone market already dominated by Samsung and Apple. It also competes with cheaper Chinese brands such as Huawei Technologies and ZTE in the low-end market.
Ma said that as the number of smartphone users rises globally, the Korean company sees demand for different features globally.
"In Korea, a large screen is in demand, while in the neighboring countries, users prefer a better grip, so we have different specs for local and global markets," Ma said.
The Optimus G Pro also features a 3,140mAh battery, which is removable and supports wireless charging. It is equipped with a 13 megapixel camera and has a 1.7GHz quad-core Qualcomm Snapdragon processor running Android OS 4.1.2 Jelly Bean.
LG's new device supports features including automatic response to texts. The company showed a demonstration where users can send messages from a separate device with questions such as "Where are you?" and "What's the phone number of my wife?" directly to the handset.
It also supports dual recording from its two cameras, so the person wielding the device can appear along with the video they are recording.


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I can probably write a shell script to find files only, then pass the list to tar, but I am wondering whether there already is a built-in feature in tar that allows doing just that, in a single command line?
For example, I found the --no-recursion
switch, but when I do:
tar --no-recursion -cvf mydir.tar mydir
It only archives the names of the entries in the directory (including subdirectories!), but it doesn't archive any files.
I also tried:
tar --no-recursion -cvf mydir.tar mydir/*
But while it archives files only, it also archives the names of the subdirectories.
Is there a way to tell tar files only, no directories?


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A subset $A$ of a topological space $X$ is called a Kuratowski 14-set if exactly 14 different sets (including $A$) can be obtained from $A$ by alternately taking closures and complements.
Are there any examples of 14-sets having finite cardinality? In a finite space, so far the best I can produce is 10 sets from a 3-element subset.
What is the smallest possible cardinality of a 14-set?


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Barbara King featured on With Good Reason
Chancellor Professor of Anthropology Barbara King will be a featured guest this week on the public radio program "With Good Reason" Oct. 12 - 18. Broadcast times and stations for the program may be found online.
King, author of How Animals Grieve, challenges the notion that grief is an emotion experienced only by humans. She will discuss her research that shows there is ample evidence of many species experiencing loss, love, and mourning as well as how that animal grief is distinct from human grief.
A biological anthropologist, King's research interests include primate behavior, human evolution, religion and science, and developmental processes. She is also the author of the recent books Being with Animals and Evolving God.
King's research has been featured recently in the New York Post, the Chicago Tribune and on NPR.


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White people are doing more than just mourning Mitt Romney's loss to President Obama. Some, like those in my home state of Texas, are mad as hell and trying to make moves – stupid ones that are largely being done in vain, but moves all the same. Yes, close to 75,000 people (and growing) have signed a petition for Texas to peacefully secede from the United States of America. Not surprisingly, it's not just (in)visible hood-wearing Texans going into hysteria and calling for "revolution" in the wake of Obama's reelection and a noticeable shift in progressivism among the electorate.
Here at the top five obviously bigoted and terrible misguided calls for revolution led by the fringe of the right wing.
Point and laugh at your own discretion.
1. Give Us Free: Joining disgruntled Texans in the push for successions are upwards of 8,000 lunatics in the neighboring state of Louisiana. Crawfish Nation probably won't ever be a real thing, but maybe some of the residents of other 13 states with similar petition efforts including New York, Kentucky, Colorado, and New Jersey will fair better?
2. Trump Talks of Anarchy: Media genital wart Donald Trump didn't take newfound BFF Mitt Romney's loss well. The sanity-challenged tweeted on the night of the election: "He lost the popular vote by a lot and won the election. We should have a revolution in this country! The phony Electoral College made a laughing stock out of our nation. The loser one!"
Trump ultimately deleted the tweets—probably because someone informed him that this talk constitutes a treason charge. And then it was announced that President Obama DID win the popular vote. Womp.
3. Holy Roller Revolt: Hate monger with a (disingenuous) smile, Tony Perkins, is obviously not ecstatic over the passage of pro marriage equality initiatives in Maryland, Washington, and Maine. Much of the country would look at that as a sign of progress, but some people are more into distortions of age-old allegory than others.
In a recent interview, the gays-be-gone goon warned about the potential for a Supreme Court to rule in favor of same sex marriage in light of the cultural shift by declaring: "When you look at a nation that is so divided along these moral and cultural issues, that you could have — you know I hate to use the word — but I mean a revolt, a revolution. I mean, I think you could see Americans saying, "You know what, enough of this." And I think it could explode and just break this nation apart."
Or wedding planners, florists, caterers, DJs, dressmakers and tuxedo makers will have the best decade ever.
4. Cranky Catholics: Tony Perkins may wait for the Supreme Court to make gay marriage a bigger issue nationwide and the people to "revolt" in response, but the Vatican is less patient. The church has vowed to fight progress in which they feel seeks to "erase" the virtues of heterosexual marriage and "its specific and privileged legal recognition compared to other forms of union."
Vatican chief spokesman Father Federico Lombardi added on Vatican Radio: "If not, why not contemplate also freely chosen polygamy and of course, not to discriminate, polyandry?"
Morality tips from men in dresses with a known history of protecting pedophiles and sitting on the wrong side of history on various prejudices throughout time. Super. To be fair, most American Catholics are in support of marriage equality – even more than Evangelicals. Amen.
5. Time For The New: Although not necessarily bigoted, Herman Cain has offered political advice on par with much of what you heard from him throughout the GOP presidential primary: "I never thought that I would say this, and this is the first time publicly that I've said it: We need a third party to save this country. Not Ron Paul and the Ron Paulites. No. We need a legitimate third party to challenge the current system that we have, because I don't believe that the Republican Party … has the ability to rebrand itself."
On second thought, that might not be such a bad idea. In fact, if you register all the aforementioned, maybe the Republicans who are left might be able to win over a larger share of the saner sect of the electorate.
Michael Arceneaux is a Houston-bred, Howard-educated writer and blogger. You can read more of his work on his site, The Cynical Ones. Follow him on Twitter: @youngsinick


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Director E. Elias Merhige (Shadow of the Vampire) is, if you'll pardon the pun, a cut above the usual Hollywood hack. Regardless, his new film, Suspect Zero, puts him at war with his own shaky material. This umpteenth serial-killer thriller plays like a David Lynch movie thwarted by studio-mandated rewrites and the micro-management of meddling executives hoping for another Se7en but willing to settle for another Taking Lives. With photography by Michael Chapman (Raging Bull) and a possibly self-parodic performance by Oscar-winner Sir Ben Kingsley, Merhige ends up with a freaky failure that's difficult to entirely dismiss.
Aaron Eckhart plays FBI agent Tom Mackelway, who—following a colossal procedural screw-up—finds himself reassigned to the remote desert vistas of Albuquerque. Just as a series of murders finds its way to his new desk, the Mackelway begins to receive creepy faxes from a possibly unhinged man named Benjamin O'Ryan (Kingsley). The irritated O'Ryan, who may be devil or angel, claims to be a sort of human GPS system trained and abandoned in an FBI psy-ops program. Whatever he is, O'Ryan leaves a trail of corpses marked by bloody etchings and lidless eyes, supposed clues to ensure the FBI is "seeing" what he's doing. Mackelway's literal and figurative headaches are exacerbated by the appearance of fellow agent Fran Kulok (Carrie-Anne Moss), his contentious ex.
Moss's part is so incidental to the plot that one can only assume she's littering the cutting-room floor. The central conceit of "remote viewing" is pretty hard to swallow in a context of otherwise mechanical thriller tropes, and that conceit is all the script (credited to Zak Penn and Billy Ray) has going for it. Still, try telling that to Kingsley, who makes a feast of exchanges like this one: "[Meek victim:] You're sick. [O'Ryan:] It's a matter of opinion." Why should Anthony Hopkins have all the fun? Slow and often arrhythmic, Suspect Zero winds up ambitious but decidedly unsatisfying.