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The Battle of Kursk took place in July 1943. Kursk was to be the biggest tank battle of World War Two and the battle resulted in a severe crisis for Nazi Germany's war machine in Russia.
A successful German offensive had obvious military consequences for the Germans. However, they also hoped to force through a political one. It was known that the Russians were becoming increasingly tired at the seeming unwillingness of Britain and America to open up a second front in the west. A defeat of Russia in the east might result in the collapse of any form of relationship between the Russians and the Allies in the west. This could only be to the advantage of the Germans. Operation Barbarossa had shown the power of armoured warfare when Hitler unleashed Blitzkrieg on the Red Army. Together with aerial support, the Wehrmacht's tanks had torn swathes through the masses of the Russia Army. The Russian (Red) Army had little in reserve and the Germans nearly made it to Moscow before the infamous Russian winter set in at the end of 1941. However, after the defeat at Stalingrad, the German army on the Eastern Front had been in retreat. If this retreat west continued, it would prove to Germany's enemies that the nation's military power had been fatally wounded at Stalingrad. A continued retreat would also encourage the work of the Russian partisans massed in the west of their country – waiting to strike on a retreating army. Therefore, for the morale of the German Army, the German High Command had to organise a massive offensive against Russia – if only to prove that the German Armed Forces based in Russia were still mighty and a force to be reckoned with.
By the summer of 1943, the Wehrmacht and Luftwaffe were increasingly well armed. The German industrial sector headed by Albert Speer, was expanding at a massive rate despite the bombing of Germany by the Allies. In 1942, Germany produced 5,700 medium and heavy tanks. In 1943, this had increased to 11,900. The production of planes had doubled between the two years; ammunition production had increased three-fold by 1943.
By the summer of 1943, the Wehrmacht was also being equipped with new weaponry. The Tiger, King Tiger and Panther tanks were introduced as was the new Ferdinand self-propelled gun. The Luftwaffe received the Focke-Wolfe 190A fighter and the Henschel 129. The new equipment was matched by an increase in manpower. As there was no second front in the west – and the Germans predicted that there would not be in 1943 – men based in the west were moved to the Russian Front. By the summer of 1943, two-thirds of the German Army was based in Russia.
By the summer of 1943, the Russians had steadily advanced east. However, a bulge had occurred south of Orel and north of Kharkov. At the centre of this bulge was Kursk. It was here, and to eradicate this bulge in preparation for a push east, that the Germans centred their attack in what was called 'Operation Citadel'. If this bulge was not taken out, then there was every chance that the Russians would use the troops they had stationed there to launch an attack on the Germans at Orel and Kharkov – but attacking behind them, thus trapping the Germans between two Russian forces.
Hitler gave his support for the attack on April 15th, 1943. His order stated that:
"This offensive is of decisive importance. It must end in swift and decisive success. Every commander, every private soldier, must be indoctrinated with awareness of the decisive importance of this offensive. Victory at Kursk will be a beacon for the whole world." |
For the attack on Kursk, Germany had grouped 900,000 soldiers in the region, 10,000 artillery guns, 2,700 tanks and 2,000 aircraft. About 1/3rd of all Germany's military strength was concentrated in the area. Elite Luftwaffe units were ordered there.
Hitler ordered that "there must be no failure". Reconnaissance planes photographed all the defensive systems that the Russians had built.
"No offensive was ever prepared as carefully as this one." General Mellenthin. |
However, Russia's military leaders had not been sitting idly by. Their intelligence had alerted them to a massive German offensive; they knew where it would be, the numbers involved and near enough when it would start. They decided on a defensive strategy to allow the Germans to wear themselves out. The defence of Kursk was put into the hands of two generals – Rokossovsky and Vatutin. In preparation for a massive counter-offensive (and also to be used if the Germans were initially successful) a huge force of reserves was based in the rear led by Koniev. In charge of all these men was Marshall Zhukov.
The Russians had also placed vast numbers of men and equipment in the Kursk bulge. 1.3 million soldiers were based there, 20,000 artillery pieces, 3,600 tanks and 2,400 planes. The Russians had guessed where the Germans would try to use their tanks in depth – and placed a large number of their anti-tank artillery guns there. Trenches and other anti-tank traps were dug. The depth of defences included the laying of 400,000 mines, which equated to 2,400 anti-tank and 2,700 anti-personnel mines every mile – more than at the Battle of Moscow and the Battle of Stalingrad. By June 1943, 300,000 civilians were helping the Russians build defences around the Kursk salient. They repaired 1,800 miles of road and dug thousands of miles of trenches.
German prisoners captured by Russian shock troops before the battle actually started, told the Russians that the attack was to be on July 5th. To pre-empt the attack, the Russians launched a massive artillery bombardment at 02.00 on July 5th. This had an impact on the morale of the Germans as it was clear that their plan had been compromised. After the bombardment had finished, it took nearly two hours for the Germans to reorganise themselves.
Germany started her attack at 04.30 with an artillery barrage. A tank and infantry attack started at 05.30 once air cover had arrived. The main thrust contained 500 tanks; heavy tanks at the front, supported by medium ones behind with infantry behind these. The Germans tried to break through on four occasions. They gained 6 miles of land in the first 24 hours of fighting but at a cost. 25,000 men had been killed or wounded, 200 tanks and self-propelled guns had been lost and 200 aircraft. A similar pattern occurred over the next few days. Ferocious German attacks were met with ferocious Russian defence. By July 10th, the German IX Army had lost 2/3rds of its tanks. Even the mighty Tiger tanks were falling victim to the Russians anti-tank guns. Russian tank commanders also quickly learned that if they attacked a Tiger side-on, its armour was thinner and more vulnerable.
The greatest tank battle of World War Two place on July 12th. In total, 1,500 tanks were involved at Prokhorovka, some 50 miles to the south-east of Kursk. By nightfall, the Germans had not achieved the desired breakthrough. They had lost another 350 tanks and 10,000 men. The strength of the Germans in the south of the Kursk salient had been broken and the Russians launched a major counter-offensive. By July 23rd, the Germans had been pushed back to where they had stated their attack. The initiative now lay with the Russians who had a forward momentum to their advantage. The Germans were literally on the back foot.
On July 12th, the Russians launched another counter-offensive in the north of the salient in an effort to relieve Orel. They outnumbered the Germans two to one in all areas. Unable to call in reinforcements from their men fighting in the south, the Germans were unable to hold off the Russian offensive. By July 19th, the Russians had pushed forward 45 miles. The Russian Air Force ensured that the Luftwaffe was incapable of giving the army the support it needed. Faced with the collapse of its forces in Orel, General Model asked Hitler's permission to withdraw to the Hagen Line. Model warned Hitler that the Wehrmacht faced another Stalingrad if the withdrawal was not allowed. The German Army in and around Orel pulled back 60 miles in an effort to regroup. However, by the time the withdrawal had occurred, German troops were exhausted after constant harassment from the air by the Russian Air Force. By August 5th 1943, Orel was back in the hands of the Russians.
The German retreat was severely hindered by partisans who destroyed many miles of rail line which ensured that train engines piled up at rail heads, making them an easy target for the Russian Air Force.
A similar situation occurred in the southern sector of the salient. Here the German Army was facing a formidable enemy that had the advantage of being on the offensive. In this sector, the Germans had 300,000 men and about 600 tanks. The Russians had nearly 1 million men in the region, including reserves, and many more tanks. Their counter-offensive in this sector started on August 3rd and two days later Russian forces entered Belgorod. The partisans who operated in this area derailed more than 1,000 train loads of troops in August – a major factor to explain why the Germans could not move their men around with ease. Morale among the German troops who fought in this sector plummeted. On August 13th, the Russians had broken through the outer defences of the city of Kharkov and by August 23rd, the city was liberated. The retaking of the city of Kharkov is seen as the end of the Battle of Kursk.
The Battle of Kursk was to have major consequences for the Germans. It was the last major offensive they launched in Russia. Now, their forces only faced retreat and attempting to stop the onslaught of the Red Army. The material damage done to the German Army was massive – 500,000 men were killed, wounded or missing; vast amounts of armour had been lost.
"The three immense battles of Kursk, Orel and Kharkov, all in the space of two months, heralded the downfall of the German army on the Eastern Front."Winston Churchill |
Related Posts
- The Battle of Kursk took place in July 1943. Kursk was to be the biggest tank battle of World War Two and the battle resulted…
- The Battle for Moscow - the Germans code-named it 'Operation Typhoon' - started on October 2nd 1941. The capture of Moscow, Russia's capital, was seen…
- The Battle for Moscow - the Germans code-named it 'Operation Typhoon' - started on October 2nd 1941. The capture of Moscow, Russia's capital, was seen…


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Building Law Seen As Threat To California History
In California, lawmakers have approved a measure that requires all new construction to meet significant green building standards. The law, which takes effect next year, is the first of its kind in the country.
But it's already under attack from a couple of directions. Some environmentalists say the rules don't go far enough, while some preservationists say the law could encourage the demolition of historically significant buildings.
Green House
Paul Song walks around a half-built modern home he and his wife are constructing for more than $1 million. The house is blocks from the beach in a very posh Santa Monica neighborhood.
Song, who is a doctor, points out the home's green features: things like nontoxic blue wood, a urinal that uses 100-percent recycled water and a floor heating system.
"All the floors are concrete, but in it is radiant heat that's going to be powered by solar," Song says. "Basically this floor will always be nice and warm for my wife, who has cold feet."
When the house is finished, it will be the first 100 percent energy-independent home in the city. It meets and even goes beyond eco-building standards set by the city and the state.
An Eco-Building Yardstick
And it will be certified as "platinum" under the U.S. Green Building Council's residential Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, or LEED, rating system. It's the industry standard and is essentially a green points system.
"So you get a certain amount of points," says Sean King, the general contractor. "There's categories [such as] energy. Each category has a certain amount of points, and we have to achieve 100 points."
California state law requires all government buildings to achieve at least 50 points — certified LEED silver.
System Fails Historic Buildings, Critics Say
But preservationists say this point system, and the whole new push toward green, is leaving historic buildings out of the equation.
Specifically, the National Historic Trust says LEED points overvalue new construction.
Preserving an old building should get more points than it does, says Linda Dishman, executive director of the Los Angeles Conservancy.
"If you save a historic building, you can get up to three points," Dishman says. "But if you use recycled carpet, you get one point. Is saving a whole building really the same as recycled carpet?"
Historic preservation advocates are working with LEED to up their points and promote other building standards that weigh preservation more heavily.
Old Vs. New
Dishman contends that old buildings are actually greener than new ones because of "embodied energy."
More On Going Green
"Embodied energy is how much energy it takes to build a building," Dishman says. "So you have a craftsman home in a lovely historic neighborhood. You'll have the redwood that was trucked and shipped in. And then if you tear this all down, all that historic fabric gets shipped off to the dump."
In fact, Dishman says, some studies show that it can take 35 years or more for a new, energy-efficient building to recover the carbon used to build it.
And yet, that fact doesn't mean much. New buildings are more fun for architects to design and are just plain cheaper for developers to build.
Brenden McEneaney, Santa Monica's green building adviser, sees both sides of the debate.
"I think everybody would agree that historic preservation is important in and of its own right," he says.
But McEneaney says the problem is that historic preservation can be difficult and costly.
"You can't just sell people on a green level," he says. "This has to make financial sense as well. And to the market at large, that maybe isn't thinking first and foremost on a green perspective, that's where you have to be directing your efforts at."
Back at his home site, Song says that while his home will be brand new, he did his best to preserve some of the "embodied energy."
"What people won't realize when they just drive by the house is that we did the first 100 percent recycled demolition," Song says. "We tore this house down nail by nail, brick by brick."
Those nails and bricks were then shipped to build other homes in Mexico. And some of the old wood torn down will be used as new floorboards.
In this case, it's a compromise for both sides — just not on a budget that all homeowners can afford.

subset: commoncrawl


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First Look: 2003 Porsche Cayenne S
It has the heritage; can it become a classic?
Jerez de la Frontera, Andalucia, Spain--You have to wonder if Porsche's planners picked the Cayenne's launch location for its mild winter weather or for more subtle reasons. Andalucia has a reputation for radical independence and a brilliant artistic heritage--so does Porsche. Jerez is synonymous with the making of fine sherries and ports, two wines that require precise blending and timing to make a perfect, classic vintage. Porsche has attempted to do much the same with the introduction of the Cayenne S and Cayenne Turbo, but in this case Stuttgart is blending the finest elements of sports car and sport ute in the attempt to create an entirely new kind of vehicle.
(Editor's note: Time and scheduling constraints prevented us driving the 450-bhp Turbo. Look for our report on it in an upcoming issue.)
My first taste of the Cayenne S's dual capabilities involved mud, lots of mud, on a rather diabolical off-road course. The hills above the Circuito de Jerez are comprised of very slippery clay (the same stuff grapes grow so well in), made even more slick by several days of rain. Off-road instructors--actually, the engineers who had developed the Cayenne's systems--gave a once-around here's-how-you-should-do-it run before letting journalists behind the wheel. I admitted to the instructor that I was nervous. On the rare occasion when I play in the mud there are no vehicles involved and I'm usually barefooted. These hills were steep; the potholes could have hidden casks of amontillado, and there were lots of big rocks in the most inconvenient places. "No problem. Take it slow and it'll be fine."
I did and it was. The Cayenne S crawled and inched its way over obstacles I could have sworn were impassable, and not once did I feel out of control. The hill-holder and hill-descent controls kept the SUV at a steady, even pace; the Porsche Traction Management system (PTM; more on it later) kept the wheels from spinning; and the 8.54-in. mid-axle ground clearance provided ample room to go over rocks, no matter what size.
After the up and down excursions, there was a brief drifting exercise, designed to illustrate the dynamic stability of the SUV, in any condition. At the bottom of one hill was a wide-open clay and mud field. Per instructions, I turned the PSM (Porsche Stability Management) off, accelerated out into the field, turned quickly to the right and drifted sideways. The Cayenne practically caught itself before heading back out. This was easy, but then again, there was nothing to hit, either. My co-driver was impressed and stated that Porsche's new SUV could hold its own among the competitors. And this was the stock Cayenne S. The possibilities seem endless when you consider what the S could do with the optional air-suspension system and/or the yet-to-be-released Advanced Offroad Technology Package.
At the heart of the S's mud-bog ability is PTM (Porsche Traction Management). Porsche's new permanent all-wheel-drive system, featuring a longitudinal differential lock, distributes torque at a ratio of 38:62, front to rear, under normal driving. A multiple-plate clutch can change the torque ratio to 100:0 or 0:100, or anywhere in between the two, depending on surface conditions. In the process of detecting (and correcting for) a lack of traction at the wheels, PTM also uses sensors to measure the vehicle's speed, lateral acceleration, steering angle and gas-pedal operation. At the flip of a toggle-like switch, an integral low-range ratio of 2.7:1 can be engaged for off-pavement adventures. A locking rear axle differential is optional. When the terrain becomes rough, PTM interacts with PSM (Porsche Stability Management, also standard) to adjust the ABS, ASR (automatic slip reduction), ABD (automatic brake differential) and differential control settings to the appropriate calibrations.
For really rough terrain, a second flip of the aforementioned switch causes 100% front-to-rear wheel lock for optimum traction. If the Cayenne encounters a critical under- or oversteer situation, PSM will intervene with the engine management system and automatically adjust the engine's ignition and throttle to further stabilize the vehicle. Combined, all the above acronyms make it nearly impossible to get into serious trouble with the Cayenne.
Equally important at stabilizing the SUV's hold on terra firma is the suspension setup. At the front is a double-track control arm (aluminum at the top, spheroidal cast steel at the bottom) attached by way of extra-large elastic rubber mounts to its own high-strength steel subframe, steel springs and lateral-force compensating struts. The rear is comprised of an independent multi-arm (aluminum at the top, steel plate at the bottom) configuration, also mounted on a high-strength steel subframe, steel springs and lateral-force compensating struts. The tie-rods are also made of steel plate. Extra-long spring travel at all four corners--4.09 in. compression, 4.57 in. rebound, at the front; 5.31 in. compression, 3.86 in. rebound at the rear--was incorporated into the setup for off-pavement purposes.
That extra spring travel also made itself felt on paved surfaces. The result was a slight floaty feeling when traversing undulating pavement, but it wasn't nausea inducing and a sense of control remained. (Porsche's optional air-suspension system with PASM--Porsche Active Suspension Management--reportedly eliminates any and all float.) That sense of control makes itself felt through Porsche's hydraulic, power-assisted rack-and-pinion steering. Turn-in is precise; there is remarkably little understeer for a vehicle this size. With a turning circle of 39 ft and lock to lock taking only 2.65 turns, the Cayenne S has the handling sensibilities of a sports car.
Once the mudfest was over, we headed east on highways and byways into the heart of Andalucian Spain. (Alas, the Jerez racetrack was unavailable; the national Superbike championship practice was in session.) An open, uncrowded stretch of the autopista gave us a chance to stretch the Cayenne S's legs and see what the all-new naturally aspirated V8 engine was made of.
The 32-valve 4.5-liter powerplant uses a two-piece aluminum/silicon alloy cylinder head, cast aluminum pistons and Porsche's much-praised VarioCam technology. For those who like to drive on the side of mountains, the new engine is capable of running smoothly up to a 45-degree angle off horizontal. The oil circuit was separated from the vent ducts, enabling engine oil to flow quickly and directly back to the oil sump. Separate exhaust pipes exit gases for each cylinder bank. The pipes cross over and then pass through the pre- and main catalysts before ending at the dual tailpipes. The exhaust has a V8 rumbly note, without being abrasive to the ears. It's not quite a Porsche sound but nevertheless is delightful to hear.
The Cayenne S achieves 340 bhp at 6000 rpm; 310 lb-ft of torque appears at 2500 rpm and is maintained until 5500 rpm, where it begins to fall off. Acceleration is rather quick for a 4,949-lb vehicle; 0 to 62 mph is reported to be reached in 7.2 sec. We didn't have a stopwatch with us, but I'm sure we came close to matching the stated time. We even broached the SUV's top speed of 150 mph, but only for a few brief seconds. While at the upper speed limits, the Cayenne remained stable and the ride smooth, no doubt due in part to a Cd of 0.39. And during our foot-stomping escapades, the Cayenne's newly developed six-speed Tiptronic S transmission didn't hesitate once.
Standard on both models for 2003 (the Cayenne S gets a six-speed manual in 2004), the Tiptronic S offers the best of both automatic and manual transmissions. In drive mode, the transmission shifts seamlessly between gears. In Tiptronic mode, you can shift at your preferred shift points via the paddles on the steering wheel or--a first for Porsche--by flicking the gearshift lever. The new transmission also features a hill-holder function that keeps the SUV from rolling backwards down a hill, even on ones with a 100% gradient. The transmission doesn't balk at extra weight, either. Towing capacity is an impressive 7,716 lb.
Equally impressive are the Cayenne's brakes. Both models are clad with 13.78-in. internally vented front discs with six-piston aluminum monobloc calipers and 13-in. inner-vented rear discs with four-piston aluminum monobloc calipers with pad-wear sensors. The rotors are 1.34-in. thick at the front and 1.10-in. thick at the rear. ABS is, of course, standard.
The oversized brakes and Porsche red calipers are visible through the 8x18-in. light alloy wheels. Built with a process called flow-forming, they (depending on size) weigh 2.2 to 3.3 lb per wheel less than other comparably sized wheels. The Pirelli tires are sized 255/55R18 at all four corners and were specially developed for the Cayenne. If looks matter more than off-pavement fun, 19- and 20-in. wheels are optional, as are a variety of high-performance and winter-weather tires.
Porsche knew if it built an SUV, it had to be a safe one. As expected, its engineers have covered all the bases with a high-strength body, protective deformation zones, multiple airbags--front, side and curtain--and three-point seatbelts with pretensioners.
The first giveaway that you're inside a Porsche is the Cayenne's ignition-lock position. It's where it should be--on the left side of the leather-wrapped, three-spoke multi-function steering wheel. The instrument cluster features five interlinked rings. In the center are windows displaying driver data, including gas and water temperature gauges; to the left, the tach and then the oil gauge; to the right, the speedometer and then the battery charge gauge. The information you need most is right in front of you.
Leather and aluminum-look trim are prevalent. The center console's design echoes that of the 911; new to the Cayenne, however, are the leather-wrapped grab handles on either side and the missing handbrake. Porsche changed the parking brake to a foot-activated one in order to free up space in the center console.
Standard equipment on the S model includes a 350-watt Bose Cabin Surround System with CD player and 14 speakers, an on-board computer, cruise control, electrically adjustable front seats and automatic air conditioning. If you get lost easily, you can opt for PCM (Porsche Communication Management; it comes standard on the Turbo). It includes a 6.5-in. color screen with 12-digit keyboard and integrates the trip computer and audio and nav systems.
Does it feel and look like a Porsche inside? (I'm pleading the 5th on the Cayenne's exterior looks.) Yes and no. The accents and styling are so closely patterned after the 911 and Boxster that it feels familiar, as though it's your house but the furniture has been moved a bit. The one major difference is there's so much room. It's an odd experience to actually have room to move in the back seat of a Porsche, having squished myself into the rear of a Carrera on several occasions. The seats are Porsche: comfortable, supportive and leather. As with previous Porsche models, whichever stereo system you opt for, you're going to have to either read the manual thoroughly or play hours of "I wonder what this button does?"
There are more things you can opt for on the Cayenne S that come standard on the Turbo version. The Bi-xenon headlight system features dynamic headlamp leveling, integrated headlamp cleaning and a dynamic cornering function The system uses a series of sensors that measure the steering angle and speed of the car. Based on this data, the system then calculates the optimum illumination for the corner. ParkAssistant is a series of yellow and red LEDs that give visual indication of how close the car is to an obstacle. The system also uses an intermittent warning tone which increases in frequency as the vehicle get closer to an obstacle.
What else does the Turbo get as standard? How about an electrically adjustable heated steering wheel, front seats with memory function, aluminum trim and metallic paint. The only two options the Cayenne S and Turbo model share (aside from the myriad products offered through Porsche Tequipment, Exclusive and Selection programs) are the sunroof and the Entry & Drive system--Porsche's version of Mercedes-Benz' KeylessGo.
There's a very good reason why the Turbo has so much more than the S: price. Fully loaded, the Cayenne Turbo has an MSRP of $88,900. The Cayenne S, even with fewer options, seems like a bargain with a starting price of $55,900. Is it worth it? Ask the guy who could never rationalize having a Porsche and a family of four. It's a pricey SUV, but one that is easily the winner in the category that includes the M-B ML55 and BMW X5 4.6.
Why introduce an SUV now, when nearly every carmaker already has one--or more--on the market? The short answer is, "Why not." The longer answer involves a segment that is still booming and Porsche's need for a large influx of money in order to remain "the world's most profitable independent car company."
The Cayenne, in the short term at least, should help Porsche stay that way. Whether this new vintage holds on to become a classic, only time, and the continually changing tastes of consumers, will tell.


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Company sends Ohio man 55,000 copies of the same letter
By Alaa Elassar, CNN
(CNN) -- A man from Twinsburg, Ohio, was expecting to receive a letter in the mail.
Instead, when Dan Cain went to the Twinsburg Post Office to find 79 bins of mail, each containing roughly 700 copies of the same letter addressed to him, he knew something was very wrong.
"I was shocked. Are you kidding me? Who makes that kind of mistake?" Cain told CNN affiliate WOIO.
The letters were from the College Avenue Student Loan Company. The company had intended to send Cain and his wife a statement for a student loan they took out for their daughter's tuition.
Cain said the company apologized and told him there had been a glitch in the outgoing mail system, WOIO reported. CNN has reached out to the College Avenue Student Loan Company for comment.
A US Postal Service spokeswoman said the delivery of 55,000 letters was uncommon.
"The 55,000 letters that were delivered to the customer in Twinsburg, Ohio, is not something we see often, said spokeswoman Naddia Dhalai. "However, the Postal Service is committed to providing the best customer service so every piece of mail we receive will be delivered to our customers."
Compounding the mistake, the 55,000 letters had an incorrect payment amount, according to Cain. The company used the wrong interest rate to calculate the payment, he said.
The company apologized for that mistake as well and said Cain would receive a new, corrected statement, Cain said. This time, Cain hopes it will be a single letter.
"I just hope it doesn't happen again," he said. "I might have to return to sender."
Cain had to pick up the bins up from the back doors of the post office. It took him two trips to bring home the useless pile of letters, which he believes cost the company thousands of dollars to send, he said. If the company used a bulk rate discount of between 18 and 20 cents a letter, it would have cost up to $11,000 to mail the 55,000 statements.
And now, he's not entirely sure what to do with the letters, which are stacked in his garage.
"I just may start a fire, a bonfire, and burn it all," Cain said, laughing.
™ & © 2020 Cable News Network, Inc., a WarnerMedia Company. All rights reserved.


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Consumer Assistance| previous page
Lifeline Telephone Assistance Program
Proof of Eligibility
- Last year's state, federal or tribal tax return
- Current income statement from an employer or paycheck stub
- A Social Security statement of benefits
- A Veterans Administration statement of benefits
- A retirement/pension statement of benefits
- An Unemployment/Worker's Compensation statement of benefits
- A federal or tribal notice letter of participation in General Assistance
- A divorce decree, child support award or other official document containing income information
If the prospective subscriber presents documentation of income that does not cover a full year, such as current pay stubs, the prospective subscriber must present the same type of documentation covering three consecutive months within the previous 12 months.
If you qualify for Lifeline based on program-based eligibility, you may be asked to provide proof of your eligibility. The following documents are acceptable proof:- The current or prior year's statement of benefits from a qualifying assistance program
- A notice or letter of participation from a qualifying assistance program
- Program participation documents
- An official document demonstrating that the prospective subscriber, one or more of the prospective subscriber's dependents, or the prospective subscriber's household receives benefits from a qualifying assistance program
Rev. 05/31/12


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Music Review: "Made" Makes Hawk Nelson Fly
By Tim Laitinen, Crosswalk.com Contributing Writer
And then there were three. Canadian band Hawk Nelson says it has a new punk-Christian sound after its original lead vocalist, Jason Dunn, left one year ago, and Jonathan Steingard took over that role. Their first release since that realignment is Made, and it's unlikely their fans will be disappointed by any of these changes. Perhaps now, there's less punk rawness and extraneous noise in the new iteration of Hawk Nelson, but that just makes it sound a bit fresher. And isn't that to be expected in the Contemporary Christian Music genre?
If you're current on the CCM industry's release dates, you'll already know that Hawk Nelson's featured single from Made, entitled "Words," is already out, and providing a robust teaser for the album's other offerings. "Words" represents a good choice as an early release, since it's probably the best song on this CD, with clever lyrics that both convict yet encourage at the same time. Indeed, delivery of such a potent message about taming our tongues is incredibly important in our day and age, as vitriol and gossip serve as news. Not that everything else is downhill from "Words;" it's just easy to see why the band released it first.
Actually, most of the lyrics across Made's spectrum embody a solid theological thrust. From doubt to assurance of salvation, Hawk Nelson's audience will be challenged with truth that's wrapped up in a more mainstream sound than what some might consider a more conventional punk aesthetic. Indeed, if you like how Katy Perry has changed the sound of rock music, this new sound of Hawk Nelson's risks trivializing the robust messages they've crafted.
Robust messages – at least until the last couple of songs. It's almost like "Outside the Lines" and "Fighting For" were written by a completely different band. Their theology suddenly becomes dubious and their themes poorly supported. For one thing, God doesn't color outside the lines; He made the lines! With such good doctrine in other parts of this album, it's disconcerting to suddenly lurch into a colloquial caricature of the Almighty.
"Fighting For" is a love song that, while accurately speaking to commitment and longevity, posits a common yet dangerous flaw in Christian relationships. Hawk Nelson takes the popular route in ascribing to men the preponderance of responsibility in protecting his wife and marriage. Which isn't wrong, except in how it infers that male gallantry holds unilateral keys to a relationship's success. With so many Christian marriages in trouble these days, it seems obvious that nuanced touchstones such as "Fighting For" don't help to explain the duality of responsibility in covenantal relationships, or indeed the role God wants to play in "fighting for" us.
In keeping with the "word" theme, we can't ignore the reality that sometimes, what we don't say can be just as problematic as what we do. Word up.
*This Article first published 3/20/2013
Page Source (url): http://www.crosswalk.com/culture/music/i-made-i-makes-hawk-nelson-fly.html


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I'm so excited for fall that I'm already coming up with fall craft projects. My first mission this week was to make a fall wreath for our front door!
What You Will Need:
1. Recycled paper. As usual, I used sheet music. I used the same sheet music I used in my Sheet Music Tree tutorial and Music Wall Art tutorial. You could also use book pages, magazines, or junk mail!
2. Scissors
3. A pencil
4. Something to dye your paper with. I used watered down paint because that's what I had on hand. However, if you can, use natural dyes– they're more eco-friendly! For more information on natural dyes check out the DIY: Make Natural Non Toxic Dye tutorial or Julie's tutorial on coffee staining paper for an antiqued look.
5. Hot glue/hot glue gun
6. A wire hanger
How To Do It:
1. Dye your paper. I dyed mine three beautiful fall colors–red, brown, and yellow. I dyed 3 sheets of sheet music per color (using 9 sheets for the entire project).
2. Fold your sheet music and draw a leaf on it like so:
You don't have to fold your paper like this, but it will make cutting out all of the leaves faster and easier.
3. Cut out all of your leaves.
4. Form your wire hanger into a circle.
5. Hot glue your leaves onto your wire hanger. Start in one spot and work your way around so that the leaves all point in one direction.
6. After you've covered the entire wire hanger, go back through and fill in any empty spots you might have.
Once everything is dry, hang up your beautiful fall wreath! I would only recommend hanging your wreath on your front door if your door is covered by a porch/patio or overhang. Otherwise, your paper leaves might get ruined. Our front door is covered, so I hung ours there!


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"Based on a video game" can be a red flag for moviegoers. For one thing, so many video-game movies are hilariously bad. For another, without a familiarity of the game, the uninitiated may have no hope of keeping up with lazy writing meant to play only to a core demographic. Gamer cachet aside, Need for Speed is essentially about action scenes, so an attachment to the game itself is no requirement for a good time.
Need for Speed stars Aaron Paul as small town boy Tobey Marshall, a mechanic who dreams of following in his late father's footsteps and becoming a legendary illegal street racer. When a race ends in tragedy, though, Tobey and his crew are scattered to the winds while he goes away to prison. Don't worry. His stint in stir makes up just a few short minutes in the film's running time. Then Tobey is back on the streets and ready to race for glory, money, redemption and revenge. Along the way, he picks up a sidekick in gorgeous gearhead Julia Maddon (Imogen Poots), and, of course, a sexy spark ignites. But hey, not too sexy! After all, this movie is rated PG-13.
First and foremost, the action sequences are outstanding. Directed by former stuntman turned director Scott Waugh, Need for Speed features scads of practical effects over computer generated car chases. It's a difference you feel. Under Waugh's direction, cinematographer Shane Hurlbut places cameras in the cars or in tight proximity that keeps the audience in the action. With the addition of some seriously stunning 3D, you'll feel like you are in the passenger seat, for better or worse. As cars spin out into fiery explosions or pull off jaw-dropping jumps, you'll be at the edge of your seat. But when the car you're embedded in crashes, don't be surprised if you jump back into the safety of your seat. I did. Several times.
The script by George and John Gatins also spreads around the glory, letting Tobey's crew--from Poots to Rami Malek, Harrison Gilbertson, Kid Cudi, and Ramon Rodriguez--in on the fun and stunts. Unfortunately, most of the sidekicks are pretty one-dimensional, playing predictable parts in an unnecessarily convoluted storyline. But Poots postively shines.
The script functions very much like a 1980s actioner, where a steely hero is too cool to show his feelings, so he's surrounded by colorful characters--like Dominic Cooper's zealously evil race rival--and a charismatic love interest to fill the emotional void. Paul turns hard into the spin of this part, channeling Escape From New York-era Kurt Russell through a dedicatedly gravelly voice. But he doesn't possess the dangerous sex appeal or intimidation of Russell, a problem exacerbated by costumes that are either ill-fitting, hideous, or both. Tobey is hardly the kind of guy men wish to be and women wish to be with when he's draped in a loose pair of jeans and a denim shirt topped with a boxy jean jacket. That is a Texas tuxedo, and no one's idea of cool or sexy.
Here's where Poots is a lifesaver. She brings enough verve and effortless charm to the cross-country road trip and requisite romance subplot that it actually zings. As Tobey and Julia speed from the East Coast to the West to make the start line of a life-changing race, Poots exudes wit, humor and a joyful fearlessness that allows the audience to use her as an emotional touchstone while Paul broods and plays the strong silent type. As she was in That Awkward Moment, Poots proves the best part of the cast. Here's hoping the slate of movies she has coming up makes even better use of her talents.
In the end, Need for Speed is an uneven ride. It contains some fantastically gripping action sequences that will have you gripping at the theater's armrests. But the plot itself takes the scenic route when short cuts would have been better. Its lead hero is a cold fish, yet his story is saved by a wonderfully warm ingénue. Some jokes are lame, and several car sequences had me distracted by the troubling collateral damage to innocent bystanders. But if you're looking for an adventure to tide you over until 7 finally hits, Need for Speed will deliver. It doesn't have that franchise's sly self-awareness or gonzo brand of action, but Need for Speed is fast and furious, in its own right.
Staff writer at CinemaBlend.
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By Mike Reyes
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By Mike Reyes


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Thank You
The Home Marketing Guide & Checklist
Provided by Debbie Warford
Home Solutions Realty
Was your house listed for a long period of time and never sell? Are you interested in trying again and doing it through some proven methods this time?
In this short report, I'll cover some very important tasks that should be done by every good Realtor that lists your home. I will do all of the following methods and we can work together to get your home back on the market and sold as fast as possible.
You should have an automated lead capture service.
Let's face it. I cannot physically be available 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. There needs to be a way for your potential buyers to get information any time that they want.
My solution for this is an automated system called Facebook Real Estate Marketer.(www.localmarketingsite.com) This amazing software gives buyers all of the information they want on your house through FB Page for your home only and is marketed with demographic specific Facebook ads, so that only surrounding buyers looking for a home see the property.
Here's how it works. I will hang a sign rider to your existing for sale sign that says, "go to www.facebook.com/123mainstdallastx". Everyone who drives by your house will see it, and have instant access to facebook on their phones. They can fill out their name and email and phone to get more info or push the call now button to reach me. Wow!! This is awesome. Fast & Easy For the buyers to find info and pictures and video of your how. All of these FB Ads will be paid by Home Solutions Realty.
Let's also get a website exclusively for your home!
I offer a website that is dedicated to your listing and your listing only.
This is done to prevent the potential buyer from seeing any other listings or being distracted. I write a slam-dunk article about your house and why someone would love living there. I also include professional pictures.
This tool is great because it's just a simple link that you and I can both give out to people in the area. They can go to this one page and learn everything about your house.
It is also optimized for viewing on a mobile phone as well as a computer browser.
You are also going to need professional pictures because they are what sell a house!
When shopping for a home, 89% of buyers will be looking online. If your house is beautiful, but your pictures don't show the same thing, you aren't going to get results. People aren't going to want to come and look at your house in person if they already have the idea that it doesn't look good.
The solution to this problem is simple. I have professional pictures taken of every house that I list. Professional pictures make the subject look so much better. The professional photographers know what lighting looks good and how to get rid of the shadows and just how to make your house look it's very best. After the professional pictures have been taken, I get my designers to enhance the photo in Photoshop so that it looks it's absolute best.
When looking online, pictures are the number one things that buyers looking at. If the house is nice, but the pictures are bad, then you've just lost a potential buyer. Here, look at this example. This is a really bad picture of a really nice house.
Although this house is probably one of the nicest in the area, the pictures are not professional and it makes it look really bad. This is a huge turn-off to buyers and they generally won't pursue any further interest after seeing pictures like this.
I also take your professional pictures a step further. I even have them enhanced in Photoshop so you can really see all of the details. Look at the differences below in the house below.
Let's get your house listed in the MLS system.
This is important because the MLS is the national "search engine" for all Realtors. If someone from your area or another area is looking to buy a home in your city, they will never find it unless it's in the MLS.
Most agents just put a basic little paragraph about your home on this site. I will write a full, kick-butt sales copy that will convince anyone reading it that they need to at least come and check it out.
If you list with me, you will automatically get an enhanced listing on Zillow.com, Bing Ads, 7Search, Facebook Ads
Most Realtors only pay for a basic listing with every listing they get. I pay a lot of extra money to get the enhanced feature with all of my listings.
The enhanced feature is way better and gets your home seen by a lot more people. Also, with Enhanced or Showcase Listings, I can add the following to each of my listings:
I can upload virtual tours and/or videos on your listing with no additional charge.
I can add up to 25 photos on your listing. With the free service your listing only has 1 photo on it. Consumers like to look at more pictures and virtual tours!
I can add an additional description of the home. Without the enhanced listing option, Realtor.com just pulls some minimal information from your local MLS service.
I can add a headline about the property.
I can add scrolling text to catch the consumer's eye. I have used this to advertise open houses, a unique feature about the property, advertise our foreclosure bus tours, or advertise our investor seminars coming up.
I can add open houses – I put each and every open house on Realtor.com and have been told by some open house attendees that they found us on Realtor.com.
Here's an example of a listing that does not have the enhanced feature:
Here's an example of a listing that does have the enhanced feature:
Speaking of websites, I will also post your home to every real estate website possible.
These include Zillow, Trulia, Homes.com, plus all of the real estate websites like RE/MAX.com/ KW.com, Century 21, Coldwell Banker, etc.
The goal here is to get your house on virtually every site that a buyer would look for a home. The more websites your house is on, the more people who are going to see it.
Over the past few months, I have created a unique email list of buyers who have inquired about houses in the area.
I will email ALL of the people on this list and let them know about your house. I will include pictures, your website, and all the details about your listing.
I have sold a lot of homes like this and it could just be that your house is exactly what one of these people on my list are looking for.
I will also notify all of the agents in the area and let them know all of the details about your home. They will then present your house to any buyers they may have and this will generate a lot of leads.
More agents knowing about your house means more potential buyers knowing about it too.
Social media is at its peak right now and more people are buying from recommendations they see on Facebook than anywhere else.
I will post your house on my business Facebook page and my personal Facebook page. Facebook is the new way that people communicate, and I have a lot of connections through both of my pages.
When someone sees the professional pictures of your house and they're able to read about it from the comfort of their own home, they a lot more apt to go check it out.
I'll even post the link to your home's website with the post.
I'll also drop a postcard to everyone in your area (direct to every door) to let them know your home is on the market.
I include a link to your house's unique website so they can go and look at it themselves.
This is an amazing way to get your listing well known in the community.
And last but not least, I take feedback and send it to you too so that we can take suggestions from others showing the home and do what it takes to get it sold.
If there's anything we can tweak in our marketing strategies, getting the proper feedback will show us what that is. We can then take what we've been doing and improve it to get better and faster results.
Debbie Warford
Home Solutions Realty Serving Dallas TX Area
P.S. If your house didn't sell the first time you had it listed, then let me help you get it back on the market, get it sold for the price you want, and do it fast! Give me a call or email me and let's talk about these and more strategies that can REALLY help boost your the chances of getting your home to sell.
Click Here To Download or Print The Checklist
Provided By Debbie Warford Associate Broker Home Solutions Realty
Copyright © 2013


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FullMast Inc.'s privacy policy
FullMast is committed to protecting your personal information. Our privacy policies are in accordance with Ontario's Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004 (PHIPA) and the federal Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA).
The following privacy policy outlines our practices with respect to our collection, use and disclosure of personal information. This privacy policy does not apply to personal information of our employees or employment applicants, or to information that is not personal information.
Personal information we collect
FullMast ("we" or "us") collects personal information for the purpose of managing and administering our services and business. We may collect personal information directly from you when you use our services or submit information to us, or from third parties with your consent or as permitted or required by law.
The personal information we collect may include your name, address, email address, telephone number, health information (such as your diagnosis and treatment) and financial information (such as payment and insurance coverage information).
We collect, use and disclose your personal information with your consent or as permitted or required by law. Generally, by providing us with personal information we will assume that you consent to our collection, use and disclosure of such information for the purposes identified in this privacy policy or otherwise at the time of collection. We limit our collection of personal information to what is reasonable under the circumstances. You may withdraw your consent at any time, subject to contractual and legal restrictions and reasonable notice.
We may change our privacy policy at any time and without notice. If we decide to change our privacy policy, we will post those changes on this page so that you are aware of what information we collect, how we use it, and under what circumstances we disclose it.
How FullMast may use or disclose your health information for healthcare operations
FullMast keeps patient records "on the cloud" and encrypts the data so it is kept private unless accessed using a key that is available to accredited personnel.
FullMast may use and disclose your personal information, including health information, for operational purposes. For example, your health information may be disclosed to members of the medical staff, risk or quality improvement personnel, and others in order to evaluate the performance of our staff, assess the quality of care and outcomes in your case and similar cases, learn how to improve our facilities and services, determine how to continually improve the quality and effectiveness of the healthcare services we provide. All FullMast staff to which such health information is disclosed is bound by a confidentiality agreement.
FullMast may use your personal information to provide you appointment reminders. You may be contacted to remind you of an upcoming appointment by mail or by telephone at the address or number you have provided for contact; unless you have opted-out of receiving such electronic communications, you may also be contacted by email or SMS for such purposes.
FullMast may collect, use and disclose your health information to provide you with medical treatment or related services. For example, any information related to your treatment obtained by a healthcare provider associated with FullMast, such as an optometrist, physician, nurse, or other person providing health services to you, may be recorded in your patient chart. This information is necessary for our healthcare providers to determine what treatment you should receive. Our healthcare providers will also record actions taken by them in the course of your treatment and note how you respond to these actions. If you have been referred into our facility from a healthcare provider outside of FullMast, that referring doctor may have sent information about you in advance to help in the treatment we provide you. We may provide your referring healthcare provider with copies of your record or reports that will assist him/her in your treatment and healthcare after you have completed your management from our facility. All FullMast staff to which such health information is disclosed is bound by a confidentiality agreement.
FullMast may use and disclose your personal information to others for purposes of receiving payment for treatment and services that you receive. For example, a bill may be sent to you or a third-party payer, such as an insurance company or pursuant to a health plan. The information on the bill may contain information that identifies you, your diagnosis, and treatment or supplies used in the course of treatment.
FullMast may use information we collect, to market to you directly for research opportunities, services, procedures or materials offered by FullMast that may be of interest or benefit to you. If you do not wish to receive this information, you have the right to be removed from our list. We may send you commercial electronic messages to the email address you provided, including newsletters, information about our products and services, information about treatment alternatives or other health-related benefits and services and other information and news that we believe may be of interest to you. If you no longer desire to receive these communications, you will have the option to opt-out of receiving future communications. In addition, if you send us questions or requests, we may use your information (including your personal information) to respond to your questions or requests. We may also use the information collected to contact you about important service announcements and updates regarding our website, products or services.
Updating and removal of data
If you wish to be removed from our marketing lists, you may send us an email requesting to opt-out at email@example.com. You may also update your information by calling us at 1 844 500 1177.
When you visit the FullMast website, we may use "cookies", which is technology that installs a small amount of information on the user's computer to permit our website to recognize future visits using that computer. Usage of a cookie is in no way linked to any personally identifiable information while on our site. The information provided through cookies may be used to track your activity on our website, to respond to your needs, to facilitate your experience on our website and to improve our website. You may choose to decline cookies and still use our site; however, you may not be able to access all areas of our site.
At FullMast, we also leverage Google's cookie-based technology to group users into re-marketing audiences who have expressed an interest in our procedures by accessing key pages throughout our website. We do not collect any personally identifying information with this cookie. Audience members may be shown FullMast text and/or image ads on any Google or third party internet sites for a limited period of time. Visitors may opt out of re-marketing by visiting Google's Ads Settings.
Disclosure of your information
We may disclose your personal information to third party service providers in connection with specific services to be carried out on our behalf, such as the maintenance and operations of our website and databases or other reasons related to the operation of our business. These providers are required to keep your personal information secure and confidential and must respect our privacy policy. Their use of your personal information is restricted to the services to be provided to us and for no other purpose than what is required to carry-out such services. Some service providers may be located outside of Canada where personal information may be subject to the laws of those jurisdictions.
Links to other websites
FullMast is not responsible for the privacy practices or the content of any other websites to which we link or which may link to our site(s).
Contact Information
If you have any questions or complaints about our privacy practices, please contact us through our contact form here. Or call 1-844-500-1177.


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- Join Date
- Dec 2006
- Posts
- 0
Most Flexible 100-seater Aircraft Airbus A318 Makes Debut In Helsinki
Today Airbus showcased the most flexible 100-seater aircraft, the Airbus A318, at Helsinki-Vantaa airport. The A318 is the newest member of the Airbus single-aisle A320 Family, comprising the A318 (107 seats), A319 (124 seats), A320 (150 seats) and A321 (185 seats). The A318 combines unmatched efficiency, comfort and range thus providing airlines with the most flexible solution in the 100-seater market .
As a member of the Airbus single-aisle Family of aircraft, the A318 offers unique operational commonality featuring the same flight decks, systems and fly-by-wire flight controls as all other Airbus aircraft in the same family. This allows pilots and cabin crews, as well as maintenance engineers, to switch easily from one aircraft type to another with only minor training. Airlines thus benefit from having only one pool of crews, which could be used to fly different missions on-board different Airbus aircraft. Furthermore airlines can save money by using common sets of spare parts. This leads to an unmatched flexibility as airlines can easily switch aircraft types depending on the demand and mission.
With the widest cabin in its class, the A318 offers top-of-the-range comfort, providing passengers with wider seats and wider aisles while preserving the best economics on regional routes. Bigger overhead bins allow passengers to take modern roller-bags on board for a more convenient journey. The A318 offers in addition four full size service doors for quicker, more flexible and more comfortable ground handling and faster turn-around times. Crews benefit from the wider cabin by enjoying a more spacious and friendly working environment.
As a member of the most modern aircraft family, the A318 has superior operating capabilities and can reach all European capitals from Helsinki. The A318 is the only regional aircraft equipped with CAT IIIB automatic landing as a standard option, enabling the aircraft to land even in difficult weather conditions, which are often prevalent in northern Europe. This supports the airlines scheduling reliability, avoids the redirection of passengers and thus helps airlines to operate the aircraft more flexibly on a daily basis.
Environmentally friendly
The A318s modern technology is key to its environmental friendliness. With its high bypass-ratio engines from CFM international, the A318 is quieter for people living close to airports. It also offers the lowest CO2 emissions and the lowest NoX emissions per seat in its class.*
Market leader
The A320 Family is the fastest selling single-aisle aircraft family with nearly 3,100 firm orders, of which almost 2,100 are flying with over 120 operators worldwide.
Airbus is a leading aircraft manufacturer with the most modern and comprehensive product line on the market and globally represented with design and manufacturing facilities in France, Germany, the UK, and Spain as well as subsidiaries in the U.S., China and Japan. Headquartered in Toulouse, France, Airbus is an EADS joint Company with BAE Systems.


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Whistleblower Policy
Objectives and Purpose
The objectives of this policy are to:
- Formally establish procedures to help provide a workplace conducive to open discussion of the business practices of the College; and
- To positively reinforce and influence compliance with federal and state laws.
Employees and representatives of Carleton College are expected to practice honesty and integrity in fulfilling their responsibilities and comply with all applicable laws and regulations. The purpose of this policy is to comply with all applicable laws that protect employees, which includes student employees, of the College against unlawful discrimination or retaliation by their employer as a result of their lawfully reporting information regarding, or their participating in, investigations involving fraud or other violation by the College or its agents of federal or state law.
No Retaliation
No director, officer or employee who in good faith reports a violation shall suffer harassment, retaliation or adverse employment consequence. An employee who retaliates against someone who has reported a violation in good faith is subject to discipline up to and including termination of employment. This Whistleblower Policy is intended to encourage and enable employees and others to raise serious concerns within the College prior to seeking resolution outside the College.
Reporting Violations
In most cases, an employee's supervisor is in the best position to address an area of concern. However, if you are not comfortable speaking with your supervisor or you are not satisfied with your supervisor's response, you are encouraged to use the whistleblower reporting hotline to report any potential violations. (Username: Carleton and Password: Reports) or by calling 1-877-778-5463. Supervisors and managers are required to report suspected violations to Human Resources.
Compliance Officer
The Compliance Officer is responsible for investigating and resolving all reported complaints and allegations concerning violations and, at their discretion, shall advise the President and/or the Audit Committee of the Board of Trustees. The Compliance Officer has direct access to the Audit Committee and is required to report to the audit committee at least annually on compliance activity. The Compliance Officer is appointed by the Audit Committee.
Accounting and Auditing Matters
The Audit Committee of the Board of Trustees shall address all reported concerns or complaints regarding corporate accounting practices, internal controls or auditing. The Compliance Officer shall immediately notify the Audit Committee of any such complaint and work with the committee until the matter is resolved.
Acting in Good Faith
Anyone filing a complaint concerning a violation or suspected violation must be acting in good faith and have reasonable grounds for believing the information disclosed indicates a violation of federal or state law. Any allegations that prove not to be substantiated and which prove to have been made maliciously or knowingly to be false will be viewed as a serious disciplinary offense.
Violations or suspected violation may be submitted on a confidential basis by the complainant or may be submitted anonymously to the whistleblower reporting hotline. Reports of violations or suspected violations will be kept confidential to the extent possible, consistent with the need to conduct an adequate investigation.
Handling of Reported Violations
Complaints filed through the whistleblower hotline can be tracked through the reporting system. All reporting will be promptly investigated and appropriate corrective action will be taken if warranted by the investigation.
Last Revised: May 16, 2007
Approved by the Audit Committee of the Board of Trustees May 16, 2007.
Last Reviewed: February 5, 2024
Maintained by: Human Resources


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Fitted Golgi round neck short sleeve
Delivery Period - EMS service at the Korea post office or ups.
- Delivery Time - About 2weeks excluding business days.
Delivery Tracking - https://ems.epost.go.kr/front.Tracking01Eng.postal
+ Due to the covid -19, it may take a little longer for delivery by country, please note.
+ Related to shipping costs - Asia : 30usd / Other country : 40usd
firstname.lastname@example.com ( Paypal )
Exchange / Return, Refund Notice -
For more information, please refer to the Notice section on the upper right of the website or click the link below.
Contact us
Instagram DM - https://www.instagram.com/kindlemin/
Product detail dimensions may vary by 1 to 2cm depending on the method or location of measurement.
There may be a color difference depending on the screen resolution, and I would appreciate it if you could keep that in mind.


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Having survived the '60s, LSD, obesity, mental illness, lawsuits from band members, a controversial therapist and the tragic, early deaths of his brothers, Dennis and Carl, Brian Wilson doesn't have to do much to impress - simply being here in 2012 is enough.
And yet, the man who wrote or co-wrote more than two dozen Top 40 hits - everything from the light and frothy Surfin' Safari to the astonishing, spiritually psychedelic Good Vibrations - along with crafting wondrous, hallowed pieces of long-form poetry such as Pet Sounds, is knocking audiences out by doing what many of them had long thought inconceivable: touring with The Beach Boys behind a brand-new album.
To celebrate the band's 50th anniversary, Wilson has reunited with fellow founding-members Mike Love and Al Jardine, as well as longtime member Bruce Johnston and guitarist David Marks (whose on-again, off-again tenure with the group dates back to 1962) for a world tour that also coincides with the release of That's Why God Made The Radio, a disc that smartly updates The Beach Boys' gorgeous, sunkissed sound.
Several weeks into the tour (one which is set to wrap in late August in Hong Kong), Wilson sat down with MusicRadar for an interview. A painfully shy, sometimes uncomfortable individual, even after all these years as a public figure, he nonetheless held forth on a variety of topics, such as the new album, past hits, bass playing, working with The Wrecking Crew and whether he viewed The Beatles as friends or foes.
What was it like being back with the guys in Ocean Way, which, of course, used to be United Recorders, the studio where you made so many smashes?
"It was quite an event for me. I hadn't worked with the guys in 25 or 30 years. It was pretty good for me. It brought back a lot of memories. It brought back good memories and bad memories, but I didn't let the bad memories bother me."
That's Why God Made The Radio has a bit of the sound of the early Beach Boys singles, but as it progresses the songs take on the feel of the later, artsy Beach Boys work.
"Yeah! That's exactly right. That's exactly what I wanted to do. That's exactly how I did it."
Can you describe your process for writing the new songs?
"The songs came the way they always do for me: I get the melody and then the words. I worked with Joe Thomas, who is a great lyric writer and a good songwriter, too. We collaborated real well."
Did you have thoughts about making this album a little more mature? After all, it is a reunion and a lot has happened in the intervening years.
"I was just trying to make something that had a really great feel, you know?"
Wilson and a four-legged friend during the cover shoot for Pet Sounds, 1967. © Bureau L.A. Collection/Sygma/Corbis
Let's go back a little bit. What drew you to the bass? It seems like you could have picked any instrument to play in the band.
"My brother Carl was a great bass player. But he was on guitar, so I ended up on bass because of him. But I can only play a little bass."
During a period in the '60s, you worked with The Wrecking Crew. How did you end up with Carol Kaye and that fabulous group of players?
"My contractor, Steve Douglas, told me the guys to get. They're all excellent musicians. Hal Blaine, my drummer, was really good. A lot of the time I'd pick up on what he was playing in between takes and it would give me the inspiration for the next song."
The Beach Boys were doing great in the early '60s, and then along came The Beatles. Did their success cause you to be worried?
"Well, I was jealous!" [laughs]
Was there any kind of rivalry? You and Paul McCartney both played bass and wrote songs…
"No, no, it wasn't really a rivalry. It was really just a mutual inspiration thing. I didn't meet Paul till 1967."
Did you get to hear each others' records before anyone else?
"Oh yeah. Yeah. I was blown away by Sgt. Pepper. I was totally blown out. I was blown away."
But that must have been inspirational, too.
"Right! Absolutely."
Did The Beatles help inspire you to create songs like Good Vibrations?
"Boy, I can't answer that question. It was so long ago… I just don't remember."
Your use of a theremin on Good Vibrations was something of a first for pop music. Where did that come from?
"My brother Carl suggested that I use a theremin. I had no idea that there was actually a theremin player in the Musicians' Union. But we called him up and used him on Good Vibrations."
With Good Vibrations, you were pushing the boundaries of the two-and-a-half minute pop song. Did you feel like you had to limit your subject matter or your productions?
"No. By Good Vibrations, we just kept going ahead with it. We got screwed up on some of it, but we just kept working on it and patched it up, and we finally got the record that I wanted made."
How about Surfer Girl? Was it a pop song, or something deeper and more spiritual?
"I actually was intending it to be a spiritual song. Absolutely. We were trying to create real harmony - not just in our voices, but a real harmony of sound."
On the recent Smile Sessions or various studio bootlegs, you always sounded so sure of yourself. Did you have a clear idea in your mind of what you wanted before you walked into the control room?
"Well, I tend to hear music in my head. But when I hear it over the loudspeakers, the studio speakers, then I can use that, use those sounds, to develop the arrangement I already know I want. The more I hear it, the more I can create."
Working with The Wrecking Crew must have been really key to developing your ideas.
"Right. Exactly!"
In a recent magazine article you said, "Dennis could write songs like me, but he took it a step further, too." Did you rate Dennis highly as a songwriter?
"My bother Dennis? Oh, yeah! A song like Forever? Or [his album] Pacific Ocean Blue? Those are really great pieces of music."
About eight years ago, you played your first Smile shows in England. Several months later, you performed the same music at Carnegie Hall, and you seemed more comfortable playing those songs.
"Yeah, I had to go slow at first. But I had to keep rehearsing. I had to get my voice in shape. So that helped, too."


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Hello Dear Friends,
We greet you in love. It is good to be with you today and to have this chance to connect with you in a state of loving appreciation, for that is how we feel about you.
We feel immense love and appreciation for you. For all that you are. For all that you are becoming. For what you've not yet imagined and for what we know will occur in each and every moment of your embodiment: expansion.
Expansion of all of Creation. That is what you are making possible through your focus and with your manifest expression.
We love when you are feeling good for in those moments we are more fully with you. We are more fully able to flow into your life and with you, amplify what you are focused upon and enjoy with you all that is in a way that you feel exquisite and know yourself in the way we know you; as a lover of life.
You are a lover of life. This excludes nothing. We know you as a lover of all life and in that way you are free and expansive and fully resourced. Your flow, the expression of all that you are is empowered by your state of being and in the non-physical you are an immense lover of life. This empowers you. In fact, being a lover of life is the structure of how you are expressed and how you are expressing. It is your Source and the pathway of Source supporting and enlivening as you, as your consciousness.
No matter where you are focused you have a direct and perpetual connection to All of Creation. In your innate capacity as consciousness you are free to choose how you are expressing energetically and what you flow and create. In this realm of focus, you are surrounded and supported by immense diversity which acts as a reflection to you of what you are expressing and also triggers expansion in your consciousness. The world around you helps you to feel the distinctness of you and in that awareness of who you are, you expand as consciousness. Knowing yourself in new ways is an adventure. New experiences and choosing new aims for your focus, elaborates your energy and enriches your life. When you live knowing this, you allow yourself to flow.
Allowing your flow is the most blissful experience. When you allow yourself to flow your life is graceful and you feel light, informed, clear, steady and life feels easier and better to you moment to moment to moment. Because, in fact, life is becoming more and more to your liking from moment to moment to moment. You are creating this when you allow your flow and you know life is getting better all the time because you are feeling better all the time. More and more of your moments are ones you are enjoying, savoring and finding pleasing. This is how to live in an elevated state of consciousness.
There has been a lot of confusion in your world about how to live in higher consciousness. A great deal of the guidance and beliefs about living in higher consciousness have come through a filter of struggle and limitation. Many people who wish to live in higher consciousness have a basic sense of lack in terms of their own self-perception; they feel unworthy of what they want. In a state of believing in your unworthiness, you naturally wish to change how you feel. So you do things to try and feel worthy.
Therein lies the misunderstanding; you are already fine. Perfect. Worthy of anything and everything you want. Nothing else could be accurate given your source. You are here to live freely and express freely and all that you do accomplishes what is your inherent function: expansion. You expand all of life in every choice you make. You tend to judge your choices based on ideas of morality and beliefs about right and wrong; yet all of those ideas are human inventions. All of life expands consciousness and consciousness is unconditionally expanding because of all you do. That is a wonderful thing!
We love you and we know you as a flowing, elaborating expressive field of consciousness. You are in the world in which you are focused because you chose to extend your energy and embody your signature here, now. You made this happen with your attention and you did so with great enthusiasm. You viewed this as a wonderful adventure and saw Earth as a profoundly stimulating environment from which to create. You did not come here to fix things. You did not come here to rescue other people here. You did not come here to be light and overcome evil. You did not come here so that you could make right your prior mistakes. In short you did not come here to learn lessons, or to heal yourself or others. You came here, for the fun of it, knowing you would get here, discover what interested you and play with all of that. Learning and growing would happen naturally as a by product of you being here and exploring, but they are not the aim. The aim was to expand and explore and to create and express. You came here to express yourself.
Now we know many of you feel you wish to do this, but that you are somehow hemmed in, limited, blocked. You have many beliefs that make this a reality for your life manifests from your practiced momentum's and the ways you've been thinking and feeling about yourself and in each moment.
All it takes to change your life and allow more of your flow, is to think differently and do so often enough that you feel differently.
When you feel differently and in this case we mean "better" then you know that you're thinking differently often enough to create new experiences that you will also like better.
Life is far simpler than you've been thinking and your connection is direct. Many of you turn often to others who wish to help you feel happy and feel it is their role to help you liberate yourself from the darkness and then to liberate others from the darkness. If you want to play that game, you can. But it's a made up story, not a requirement of living here.
When you live here on Earth, whatever you think about a lot and pay attention to, becomes real for you. Your embodied life experiences are no more real or shall we say, no less real than a novel, or a film that you watch. Only that there is more form associated with them and to you they feel more real. Yet all of it is happening in consciousness and what you are paying attention to, becomes real for you, in your experience.
You may feel you can watch a film or read a book and know it's not real. That you feel perfectly capable of putting down that book, or pausing that movie and moving on and into what you think is your "real life." We encourage you to think of your real life knowing it is just as much a construct as a movie or a book.
You are the Creator of your life experience. You are free to rewrite it and change it up anytime. You may not believe this, because you may not yet have lived this, it in a dramatic enough way to make it real for you. That does not mean that it isn't how everything in your experience comes about.
You are energy. Pure, eternal consciousness infused into conscious form. You create your energy state with your attention and the non-physical wholeness of you is always with you. The non-physical wholeness of you, is unconditionally present in every moment and your feelings in every moment show you the relationship between how you are focused and perceiving and how the non-physical wholeness you are is focused and feeling. Your feelings are your guide constantly helping you know – am I in sync with all I've chosen and become? Am I keeping up with what I've realized I prefer and am I allowing my life to flow and bring to me the experiences I will love even more? Or not.
Your feelings beloved friends are always telling you how you are relating to YOU. How you are in relationship to the Infinite Intelligence which is acting on your behalf, unconditionally, to bring about everything you pay attention to. Your attention to something is like placing an order at a restaurant and like putting down the book, or pausing the movie – you can change your order at any time by turning your attention to something else.
Life if a flow of experiences, thoughts, and connections that are demonstrating to you how you've been focused and the essence of what you are creating energetically. You are a masterful being; an eternal field of consciousness here to express your uniqueness as you play and explore this realm of focus.
There is nothing else you need do. We suggest you consider that your experience of the world, is continually adjusted to reflect how you are using your attention and focus. This world, this Universe, All that is, is constantly rearranging and orchestrating what you experience so that it reflects your vision, your momentum, your energy and the way to know what you're emanating is through your feelings.
A lot of people misunderstand all this. They believe they are flawed, capable of being flawed even, or broken, which is not possible. You cannot be broken, or diminished. Only you can alter your flow. Although embracing your capacity might initially feel difficult, isn't the promise of it fabulous? Isn't the relief of considering that there is in fact, nothing wrong with you, with any part of you, or your life, worthy taking to heart? Doesn't it feel good to love yourself this way?
Of course it does. In loving yourself unconditionally, just as you are, you do not settle for life as it is, you allow life to flow! You sync up with all of Creation in adoring and appreciating you! You empower yourself. It's normal it's natural and it's available.
The truth of your being is powerful, creative, expressive and free. As eternal consciousness you are born into this form, of your own making. You're making this whole experience happen day in day out, by the stories, you tell to yourself and others, and the way you are choosing to use your attention.
Discovering how to expand and alter the quality of your flow, is key to being who you truly are. When you allow your flow to expand you allow your expanded energy to infuse you here, in your embodiment, elevating your experience through the coherence of your eternal consciousness.
To open up the flow of more love, abundance, happiness, freedom, ease, clarity,, well being, and anything else you might like, tune to the feeling of it what you wish to experience. In tune to the vibration of it, you attune your field to it, developing resonance with all you pay attention to. This is how you become ready to receive what you wish to know as your life. You can let your feelings tell you when this is happening.
If you would feel your way into things and use how you think and what you focus on to generate feeling states you prefer, your flow would open up in ways that thrill you and you would begin to know, first hand, how powerful you really are. You are powerful because you control everything about your flow!
We are the Council of Radiant Light.


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Beyonce Inspired Smokey Eyes FOTD
Happy Monday! Two more days till my bday on Wednesday, yay! I'm counting down. Meanwhile, I wanted to share with you a FOTD I did a few weeks ago. I was trying to do a Beyonce Celebrity tutorial. I asked my Twitter and YouTube peeps to send me some ideas and I chose the look below. I think this is a really pretty and sultry smokey eye. I decided to replicate it. I'm sticking with just the FOTDs because the video I filmed didn't turn out that great.
The look pretty much calls for big hair, thickly kohl rimmed eyes, glowy skin, minimal blush, dark not so perfect eye brows, some light contouring and a neutral lipgloss. These pics are definitely before I got my summer tan, lol. I tried to make my hair as big as I could!
I'm trying to remember what I Used:
-Cinema Secrets foundation
-lightest blush from the Eve Pearl Medium Blush Trio
-MAC Shadester Sculpting Powder
-MAC bare canvas paint
-MAC llama, soft brown and shroom eyeshadow
-MAC smolder eye kohl
-Afterglow Cosmetics Black Powder liner to set black kohl
-Rimmel Brow Pencil in dark brown
-MAC Viva Glam V lipgloss
-MAC luminary lipglass in center of bottom lips for a frost finish
-MAC Dervish lip pencil
Stay tuned for more!
Atlanta Makeup Artist


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Statement of Faith
As a part of the Advent Christian Denomination, we are non-creedal which means that we do not have a specific doctrinal statement that all of our members must ascribe to for membership. With that in mind, we refer you to the following doctrinal statements below to get an idea of the theological beliefs of our church.
As members of the National Association of Evangelicals the following reflects our church's core beliefs.
We believe the Bible to be the inspired, the only infallible, authoritative Word of God.
We believe that there is one God, eternally existent in three persons: Father, Son and Holy Spirit.
We believe in the deity of our Lord Jesus Christ, in His virgin birth, in His sinless life, in His miracles, in His vicarious and atoning death through His shed blood, in His bodily resurrection, in His ascension to the right hand of the Father, and in His personal return in power and glory.
We believe that for the salvation of lost and sinful people, regeneration by the Holy Spirit is absolutely essential.
We believe in the present ministry of the Holy Spirit by whose indwelling the Christian is enabled to live a godly life.
We believe in the resurrection of both the saved and the lost; they that are saved unto the resurrection of life and they that are lost unto the resurrection of damnation.
We believe in the spiritual unity of believers in our Lord Jesus Christ.
The Advent Christian Denomination Declaration of Principles
We believe that the Bible is the inspired Word of God, being in its entirety a revelation given to man under divine inspiration and providence; that its historic statements are correct, and that it is the only divine and infallible standard of faith and practice.
We believe, as revealed in the Bible:
In one God, our Father, eternal, and infinite in his wisdom, love and power, the Creator of all things, "in whom we live, and move, and have our being." -
And in Jesus Christ, our Lord, the only begotten Son of God, conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary; who came into our world to seek and to save that which was lost; who died for our sins; who was raised bodily from the dead for our justification; who ascended in heaven as our High Priest and Mediator, and who will come again in the end of this age, to judge the living and the dead, and to reign forever and ever.
And in the Holy Spirit, the Comforter, sent from God to convince the world of sin, of righteousness and of judgment, whereby we are sanctified and sealed unto the day of redemption.
We believe that man was created for immortality, but that through sin he forfeited his divine birthright; that because of sin, death entered into the world, and passed upon all men; and that only through faith in Jesus Christ, the divinely ordained Life-giver, can men become "partakers of the divine nature," and live forever.
We believe that death is a condition of unconsciousness to all persons, righteous and wicked; a condition which will remain unchanged until the resurrection at Christ's Second Coming, at which time the righteous will receive everlasting life while the wicked will be "punished with everlasting destruction;" suffering complete extinction of being.
We believe that salvation is free to all those who, in this life and in this age, accept it on the conditions imposed, which conditions are simple and inflexible, namely, turning from sin, repentance toward God, faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, and a life of consecration to the service of God; thus excluding all hope of a future probation, or of universal salvation.
We believe that Jesus Christ, according to his promise, will come again to this earth, even "in like manner" as he went into heaven - personally, visibly and gloriously - to reign here forever; and that this coming is the hope of the church, inasmuch as upon that coming depend the resurrection and reward of the righteous, the abolition of sin and its consequences, and the renewal of the earth - now marred by sin - to become the eternal home of the redeemed, after which event the earth will be forever free from sin and death.
We believe that Bible prophecy has indicated the approximate time of Christ's return; and comparing its testimony with the signs of our times, we are confident the he is near, "even at the doors," and we believe that the great duty of the hour is the proclamation of this soon-coming redemption, the defense of Bible authority, inspiration and truth, and the salvation of lost men.
We believe the church of Christ is an institution of divine origin, which includes all true Christians, of whatever name; but that local church organizations should be independent of outside control, congregational in government, and subject to no dictation of priest, bishop or pope - although true fellowship and unity of action should exist between all such organizations.
We believe that the only ordinances of the church of Christ are Baptism and the Lord's Supper; immersion being the only true baptism.
We believe that the first day of the week, as the day set apart by the early church in commemoration of Christ's resurrection, should be observed as the Christian Sabbath, and used as a day of rest and religious worship.
We believe that war is contrary to the spirit and teachings of our Lord and Master, Jesus Christ; that it is contrary to the spirit of true brotherhood; and that our influence should be used against it. We believe the Bible also teaches that properly constituted government is ordained of God and is a divine instrument for man's welfare and protection. When an Advent Christian decides on the basis of Scripture and conscience, either to bear arms or to submit to penalties imposed for his refusal to do so, local Advent Christian congregations should extend continued fellowship and nurture.


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Number 13 on the general map.
There are different ways in to the fair. Entrance 8 West is one of the closest entrances to our main car park. Seize this opportunity to display your company and help visitors find their way to you at the fair. One door is included in this Entrance 8 West advertising package.
No. of ad spaces | Dimensions | |
Entrance door | ||
Inner glass section | 2 | 1 215 x 500 mm |
Outer glass section | 2 | 1 185 x 500 mm |
Technical information
Size:1215 x 500 mm and 1185 x 500 mm
Format: Print-ready PDF, without register marks, frame or bleed. Fonts in paths. Specify colours in CMYK or PMS. Artwork must be in scale 1:1 With as little compression as possible and with simplified transparency.
Material deadline: No later than two weeks before the fair opens you upload your advertising material via My Pages on the fair´s website. Log in at the top by the key symbol with your username and password, provided on your order acknowledgement. Click on My Pages and Submit material for print. Your material must be titled with the name, space and measurements of your advertisement space (for example "Steps_HallBtoA_4990x150mm). For further information, please contact your salesperson at Elmia.
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Old Southern Apples by Creighton Lee Calhoun, Jr. (with Edith Calhoun)
Without question, the most remarkable horticultural history book of this decade was released in late January, some fifteen years after its first edition astounded orchard keepers and agricultural historians everywhere. The second edition of Old Southern Apples is not simply expanded to include 1800 apple varieties, but it is an altogether more significant book, thanks to the extraordinary research accomplished by Lee and Edith Calhoun, and the inclusion of 120 newly-scanned watercolors of heirloom apples from the National Agricultural Library collection. It now serves as a new standard for horticultural publishing, particularly with regard to documentation of the extraordinary food biodiversity that has been part and parcel of America's rural cultures and landscapes.
Before I get the cart ahead of the Horse apple, let me highlight the key features of this book. Since the first edition released in 1995, Lee and Edith Calhoun have received and responded to thousands of letters with clues to the origins of historic Southern apples, that is, named varieties once widely grown and marketed prior to 1928. Some of these forgotten apples came to thye Calhoun's Pittsboro. North Carolina nursery, while others came as gifts through intermediaries such as Tom Brown, who puts in 20,000 miles each year searching for Southern apples and recording their stories. Upon describing these apples newly brought to his attention, Mr. Calhoun has matched them with the geography, history and names (often multiple for one genotype) of apples referred to in nursery catalogs, agricultural experiment station bulletins and other ephemera. In short, he has compiled the largest and most definitive regional compendium of apple lore for any region in North America.
One must ask why the number of unique apples in the South dwarfs that of all the other regions of North America combined. The answer is complex—there is no simple soundbyte—but the combination of geographic isolation and cultural curiousity with horticultural novelty is key. In fact, the Upland South should really be known as Apple-achia, since it still serves as the motherlode of apple diversity.
If 1800 meticulously-researched and elegantly written varietal descriptions were not enough, then consider Calhoun's front matter: a comprehensive history of the apple in the South, and a definitive treatment of apple cultivation practices of various historic eras, and a survey of historic uses of Southern apples. In addition to these long, well-crafted essays, Calhoun includes entertaining sidebar essays on Johnny Appleseed (not all laudatory!), the art of cooking apples, and several other topics.
For readers who cherished the color plates in the first edition, be prepared to be awestruck by the quality and color intensity of the plates which Lee Calhoun and editor Ben Watson selected for the second edition. Thanks to a Ceres Foundation grant to the National Agricultural Library, a whole host of never-before published historic watercolors were chosen for this addition. They are, quite simply, knockouts—as fine as any prints ever published in an affordable book on horticultural history.
I would be remiss if I did not mention that this work is not merely of importance for apple growers and apple historians. It is one of the most valuable compendia we have ever had in for a critical segment of our historic food biodiversity and its cultural significance. It celebrates the incredible richness of historic apple culture, and mourns the loss of so much of this diversity within our own lifetimes. It is particularly poignant that Lee lost his wife and "silent" collaborator on this project the very month that the book was to be released; Edith was able to see a specially-bound edition of the book just before she succumbed to a coma. While the loss of so many apples in his region has always been painful for Lee, the untimely loss of his "sweetheart" to whom the book is dedicated must be overwhelming in every possible way. America owes both of the Calhouns much for the dedication, diligence and brilliance with which they accomplished their tasks. The second edition of Old Southern Apples is a book like no other, and will be read (perhaps on kindles and other unforeseen devices) for at least another century. In short, it is timeless.