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Today I am launching a new recurring feature, "Great Urban Weekend Escapes," along the lines of my semi-regular "Hotels I Love."
I travel a lot and I talk to a lot of fellow travelers. Oddly, I know more people here in the States who have been to Paris, Rome and London than to Memphis, Austin or Charleston - all fabulous vacation destinations.
The problem with the world's most fabled vacation cities is that they require a lot of time. Visit New York or Florence for the very first time in just a weekend and you are going to miss more highlights than you are going to see. So in recent years, I have become a big fan of smaller - but no less welcoming - cities, those that make for perfect weekend or long weekend escapes. With the shorter amount of vacation time in America and our increasingly hectic, over-scheduled lives, a weekend getaway allows for a quick change of venue and recharge. Instead of the beach or countryside for a short escape, there are good reasons to visit a city: culture, entertainment, great food, and lots to do.
My basic rules for what makes a great weekend city include at least one standout attraction, be it a museum or something else, maybe Graceland or The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame or The Alamo, something you have always wanted to see. It must have unique or diverse cuisine well worth eating, while natural attractions, great lodging and shopping are all pluses. As an added bonus, these cities are typically less expensive than their bigger counterparts even for the most luxurious lodgings, easier to get to with more functional airports close to downtown, and they are usually easy to get around.
If you live in one of these cities I feature, please take your selection as a complement. I'm not suggesting your hometown is only "worth" a couple of days. After all I live in a town whose entire population could fit inside the MGM Grand hotel in Vegas. Rather I'm saying your city is user-friendly enough to be enjoyed in a weekend - maybe the first of many weekend visits.
Indianapolis is at the top of my list because it combines so many surprising, high-profile attractions with true Midwestern hospitality, yet hardly anyone I know has visited as a tourist. They should. I wrote earlier this year about what a superlative job Indy did with the Super Bowl, one of the very best venues, in a way much larger cities like Dallas and New York can't hope to equal. This should come as little surprise, since the city has annually hosted the world's largest single one day sporting event, the Indianapolis 500, the mother of all auto races - for over a century. It is a bucket list sporting event to attend, but even if you never make it to the race, you can still enjoy the city's most famous attraction.
The legendary Indianapolis Motor Speedway, aka "The Brickyard," is a must-visit sight any other day of the year. The museum here is open 364-days (closed Christmas) even during the Indy 500 and NASCAR's Brickyard 400, and on non-race days, offers visitors a ride around the fabled 2 ½ mile oval in a special shuttle. Inside is one of the world's greatest collections of rare and exotic cars, so many that they have to be rotated in and out of storage regularly, part of an ever changing display that also covers the history of the track and auto racing itself. On most days you can experience the thrill of speed with "hot laps" around the track, using an actual Indy car that has been modified with a second seat behind the driver, a pro racer who has actually competed in the Indy 500. The pull of centrifugal force in every turn is like nothing you have ever felt in a car. Or, if you prefer, you can even drive yourself!
Visiting golfers will be surprised to find that the Speedway is home to a world-class course by Indianapolis resident Pete Dye, the most awarded living designer. Brickyard Crossing, which used to host a Senior PGA event, is truly one-of-a-kind: four holes play inside the infield of the oval track, often with loud cars running by on test laps, linked by a tunnel to the fourteen holes just outside the stadium. The course is just one strop in Indiana's new Pete Dye Golf Trail.
But Indy is no one hit wonder – besides the Speedway, it is also home to the largest children museum in the world. With life-sized dinosaurs bursting through its exterior walls, The Children's Museum of Indianapolis is not just the biggest, it is consistently ranked the best of its kind in the U.S. (I wrote about the 12 Best Children's Museums in the country for Forbes.com). The Venice of the Midwest, Indy also has the fantastic 1 ½ mile Central Canal running right through downtown. This water and greenway is flanked with walking/biking/Segway paths, and offers rental kayaks, pedal boats and even gondolas, imported from, yes, Venice. And romance? Most people think the famous square, red LOVE statue seen in New York and Philadelphia comes from one of those museum-filled cities. Wrong. Those are just facsimiles of Robert Indiana's (really) famous four letter artwork - the 3-ton original is displayed on the 150-acre campus of the Indianapolis Museum of Art. Numerous Olympic teams are based here, along with the headquarters of the NCAA, whose Hall of Champions museum features displays on all of the 23 competitive sports it sanctions that are played by American collegians.
Indy's compact downtown is super easy to navigate, and in its heart is the Circle Center Mall, where more than 100 shops are linked to a dozen major downtown hotels by enclosed walkways that are cool in summer and warm in winter, including the Westin, one of only three Conrad's in the country and the nation's largest JW Marriott, all good choices. At the opposite end of the size spectrum but high on charm is the 6-room Villa Inn, a city-style bed and breakfast in an Italianate brick mansion. The new 8-mile pedestrian and bike only Cultural Trail links the six major tourist neighborhoods, and nearly all the major attractions are on this path, including the Central Canal, with most downtown hotels offering bicycles.
No one goes home hungry from Indianapolis, where you'll find one of the nation's most iconic steakhouses, St. Elmo - which just won the 2012 James Beard Award as an American classic (I wrote about the historic eatery in detail for my USA Today Great American Bites column). True to its Midwestern roots, the city's most traditional meal is the fried pork tenderloin sandwich, and locals will debate endlessly which of the many places specializing in them are best. Try one. There is also a fast growing craft beer culture and Indy has jumped on the localvore trend, with many up and coming chefs here specializing in regional Midwestern produce and meats.
The city's excellent airport is less than four 3 years old, a $1.1 billion state of the art facility. There is actually a lot more stuff to see and do, without even attending one of the city's endless array of big time sporting events, but hey, that should be more than enough reasons to make a Great Urban Weekend Escape to Indianapolis.
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SARATOGA SPRINGS, N.Y. – The New York Racing Association, Inc. today announced the schedule of entertainment and special events for the 2014 summer season at Saratoga Race Course.
The lineup for the annual summer meet will feature 40 days of exciting special events, including a number of exciting new weekly happenings alongside returning traditions and perennial favorites.
The 2014 summer meet at Saratoga Race Course will include the following events and happenings:
• 34th ANNUAL OPEN HOUSE: Sunday, July 13
Saratoga's signature summer preview party, Open House will return to Saratoga Race Course with a free sneak-peek into the popular summer meet just five days prior to the start of the anniversary season. The New York Racing Association will also host the Newman E. Wait, Jr. Trials, presented by The Adirondack Trust Company, at the Oklahoma Training Track. Traditional Open House activities will take place on the main track from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.
• OPENING DAY AT SARATOGA: Friday, July 18
The 2014 annual summer meet will kick-off when gates open at 11 a.m. followed by first post-time at 1 p.m.
• HATS OFF TO SARATOGA: Friday, July 18 – Sunday, July 20
This three-day festival, underwritten in part by The New York Racing Association, celebrates opening weekend at Saratoga Race Course and includes world-class racing, live music downtown and at the track, and millinery mayhem to mark the start of the racing season.
• TASTE NY: CRAFT BEER & CIDER: Beginning Friday, July 18
A new weekly attraction for the 2014 meet – Taste NY: Craft Beer & Cider will allow track patrons the opportunity to sample numerous craft beers produced exclusively by New York State breweries. As many as a dozen breweries from New York State will be featured throughout the meet. The tasting will be held each Friday from noon to 4 p.m. in the Saratoga Pavilion, located inside the entrance to the Reserved Seats Box Office on Union Avenue. Admission is $20 and includes 20 sampling tickets.
• LORD & TAYLOR FASHION SATURDAYS: Beginning Saturday, July 19
This new weekly event is designed to highlight the tradition of style and glamour in thoroughbred racing with a Lord & Taylor pop-up shop at the Saratoga Pavilion each Saturday from 10:30 a.m. to 6 p.m. Track patrons will be invited to dress their best for the chance to be crowned Most Fashionable at Saratoga. Two winners every week will each receive a $250 Lord & Taylor gift card and have the opportunity to present a trophy in the winner's circle during the 2014 Saratoga meet.
• 23RD ANNUAL HAT CONTEST: Sunday, July 20
The "crowning" achievement of opening weekend, visitors will go head-to-head for prizes in the annual Hat Contest, presented by Lord & Taylor.
• TASTE NY: FOOD & ARTISANS: Beginning Sunday, July 20
Returning for the 2014 summer meet, Taste NY: Food & Artisans is a lively on-track market of up to 19 food and artisan vendors featuring products made exclusively in New York State. The market will be held each Sunday from 10:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. in the Saratoga Pavilion.
• BASEBALL CAP GIVEAWAY: Sunday, July 20
The first giveaway of the 2014 season will pay tribute to the millinery theme of opening weekend when racing fans gather to receive a free Saratoga baseball cap, with paid admission, while supplies last. The baseball cap is sponsored by Saratoga Casino & Raceway.
• BERKSHIRE BANK FAMILY MONDAYS: Beginning Monday, July 21
Mondays are all about families with the return of weekly family-friendly festivals featuring games, attractions and educational activities each Monday of the meet from noon to 4 p.m. in the Saratoga Pavilion.
• INTERNATIONAL HERITAGE SERIES: Beginning Wednesday, July 23
The inaugural International Heritage Series is a weekly celebration of global culture and heritage featuring traditional music, dance, entertainment, crafts and food each Wednesday from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. in the Saratoga Pavilion. The International Heritage Series lineup will include: Latino-American Day on July 23; Italian- American Day on July 30; Irish-American Day on August 6; African-American Day on August 13; and Asian-American Day on August 20. The final installment of the series will celebrate the history and culture of Saratoga Springs with Saratoga Heritage Day on August 27.
• TASTE NY: WINE & SPIRITS : Beginning Thursday, July 24
A new weekly attraction for the 2014 meet – Taste NY: Wine & Spirits will allow track patrons the opportunity to sample varietals of wine from numerous New York State wineries for $30. The tasting will be held each Thursday of the meet from noon to 4 p.m. in the Saratoga Pavilion.
• 6TH ANNUAL COLLEGE DAY: Friday, July 25
Saratoga Race Course will welcome college students back to their favorite course with the sixth annual College Day.
• PILSNER GLASS SET GIVEAWAY: Sunday, July 27
Racing fans will raise a toast to Saratoga's second giveaway of the 2014 meet: a set of Saratoga Race Course pilsner glasses, free with paid admission, while supplies last.
• YOUNG PROFESSIONALS DAY: Monday, July 28
Saratoga Race Course will welcome young professionals from around New York State for a professional development and networking summit highlighted by a day at the races.
• THE $1.5 MILLION WHITNEY: Saturday, August 2
The Whitney, one of North America's premier races for older males on the dirt, will top the card of a blockbuster day of racing that includes five stakes. Joining the Whitney Day program will be the Grade 1, $500,000 Test for 3-year-old fillies, the Grade 1, $350,000 Alfred G. Vanderbilt Handicap for older sprinters, and the $100,000 Lure Stakes. The $100,000 De La Rose will also once again be part of the Whitney Day festivities this year.
• TOYOTA TOTE BAG GIVEAWAY: Sunday, August 10
Racing fans will line up to collect their own Saratoga Toyota tote bag, the third giveaway of the season, free with paid admission, while supplies last.
• FABULOUS FILLIES DAY: Friday, August 15
Saratoga Race Course will celebrate women and their contributions to the thoroughbred industry while raising funds to support The Breast Cancer Research Foundation on Fabulous Fillies Day.
• TRAVERS 1864 RESTAURANT WEEK: Sunday, August 17 – Thursday, August 21
A number of restaurants and eateries throughout the greater Capital Region will offer special pricing and menus in celebration of the Travers during the fifth annual "Travers 1864 Restaurant Week."
• STEWART'S ICE CREAM EATING CONTEST: Wednesday, August 20
Racing fans will compete in the ultimate in chilly contests at the annual Stewart's Ice Cream Eating Contest. Contestants will be divided into three age groups – kids, teens and adults – as they battle to see who can eat a pint of ice cream the fastest.
• THE $1.25 MILLION TRAVERS: Saturday, August 23
Saratoga's most anticipated race, the $1.25 million Travers, will return for its 145th running. The Travers is one of four stakes scheduled for the day and shares the card with the Grade 1, $500,000 Ballerina for filly and mare sprinters and the Grade 2, $250,000 Ballston Spa for filly and mare turf horses. First post-time is 11:35 a.m. and gates open at 7 a.m.
• SARATOGA SHOWCASE DAY: Sunday, August 24
Sunday, August 24 will be dedicated to the best New York-breds as Saratoga hosts the inaugural Saratoga Showcase Day, featuring the Albany, West Point, Yaddo, Fleet Indian, Funny Cide, and Seeking the Ante.
• VETERANS DAY: Thursday, August 28
Saratoga Race Course will pay tribute to those who have served the country with a special pre-racing ceremony to honor veterans. All veterans and active duty military will receive free grandstand admission with military ID.
• FINAL STRETCH FESTIVAL: Saturday, August 30 – Sunday, August 31
The two-day festival, underwritten in part by The New York Racing Association, will mark the culmination of the Saratoga racing season with live music downtown and at the track to mark the final days of the 2014 summer meet.
• SHORT SLEEVE T-SHIRT GIVEAWAY: Sunday, August 31
Enjoy a day at the races in a commemorative short sleeve t-shirt, free with paid admission, while supplies last.
• TOM DURKIN DAY: Sunday, August 31
Racing fans will be invited to celebrate the legendary career of track announcer Tom Durkin as he calls his final race at Saratoga.
The 2014 summer meet at Saratoga Race Course begins on Friday, July 18 and concludes on Labor Day, Monday, September 1. For more information about Saratoga Race Course, call (518) 584-6200 or log onto www.nyra.com. For additional information about events at Saratoga Race Course, visit www.nyra.com/saratoga/information/events.

subset: commoncrawl


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Online Safety
The Vision At Fossebrook Primary School
To create e-confident learners who:
- Are able to find, access and process information.
- Have the skills to choose and use technology efficiently and adapt their skills to meet the challenge of new technologies.
- Can use a range of technologies to communicate effectively and appropriately.
Children at Fossebrook Primary School use the Internet on a regular basis as an integral part of their learning. In school, we have regular eSafety activities to remind children of the importance of keeping themselves safe online.
In our changing world, children are ever more exposed to a variety of different media and information. Increasing provision of the Internet both in and out of school brings with it the need to ensure our learners are safe!
The "Click CEOP" Button
CEOP is a command of the National Crime Agency, and is dedicated to tackling the sexual abuse and exploitation of children and young people. We are here to help if you are a young person and you or your friend (up to age 18) has been forced or tricked into taking part in sexual activity with anyone online, or in the real world. We also have advice and links to support for other online problems young people might face, such as cyberbullying and hacking. Visit our Safety Centre for advice and to report directly to CEOP, by clicking on the Click CEOP button.
EYFS/KS1 Online Safety Rules
These rules help us to stay safe on the Internet.
- We only use the internet when an adult is with us
- We can click on the buttons or links when we know what they do.
- We can search the Internet with an adult.
- We always ask if we get lost on the Internet.
- We can send and open emails together.
- We can write polite and friendly emails to people that we know.
Cyberbullying & Online Safety
Important aspects of Online Safety and Cyberbullying are as follows:
- Understanding what is bullying and who gets bullied.
- Knowing it is okay to say "No".
- Understanding where to get help and how to report bullying if you come across it.
- Knowing how to stay safe on-line.
Tips and Useful Links
Make sure your child understands they should keep new online friends strictly online. If someone asks to meet them in the real world they must tell you about it. If someone they don't know asks to be their online friend they must ask you first.
Know how to use the CEOP Button and how to report to the CEOP Centre if you are concerned about someone's online behaviour towards your child.
The following links provide some great information:
Useful Online Safety and Parent Information:
Parents can seek further guidance on keeping children safe online from the following organisations and websites:
- What are the issues?, UK Safer Internet Centre: www.saferinternet.org.uk
- Hot topics, Childnet International: www.childnet.com Hot Topics
- Parent factsheet, Childnet International: www.childnet.com Parent Factsheet


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HiFiction Thales AV tonearm
There were also tonearms that were moved in their entirety tangentially across the record surface. One used a multiple-ball bearing trolley reminiscent of what Clearaudio uses today. Some, like those made by Rabco in the 1960s, had bead chains and, later, rubber belts that moved the tonearm assembly via motors activated by microswitches. Goldmund, B&O, and many Japanese companies used tiny, servo-controlled motors to nudge the tonearm along a rail, the motors activated by any loss of the stylus's tangency to the groove, as measured by a photoelectric cell or other light-sensing device.
At the dawn of the CD age, Mitsubishi, Technics, and other Japanese manufacturers, as well as ReVox, also produced so-called "parallel" or "linear" trackers. In 1982, Lou Souther patented a purely mechanical linear tracker in which the cartridge was held by an ultra-low-mass tonearm attached to a low-friction bearing trolley riding on glass rods. Clearaudio bought Souther's patent and further developed the technology in a number of models, including the top-of-the-line Master Reference turntable.
All of these devices were fussy to set up and maintain, and few actually maintained tangency to the groove. Most crabbed their way across the record surface, either because of how the motors were actuated (loss of tangency) or because of "yaw" play inherent in the design.
In addition, there is the issue of the large discrepancy between the tonearm's effective mass in the vertical plane, which is small, and in the horizontal plane mass, which is large, due to the fact that the entire arm assemble is being moved. The resonant frequencies of the arm mass/cartridge suspension compliance in the horizontal and vertical planes are thus very different. Other problems are how to dress the tonearm wires, and how to avoid the friction they cause as the arm travels across the record surface.
But all of these tonearms sure look cool, and some of them sound very good, even if they don't actually maintain the stylus's tangency to the groove. Neither do pivoted arms, of course, yet some of those, too, sound very good.
Air Bearings
In the late 1970s and early '80s, Maplenoll introduced a air-bearingbased arm designed by Bruce Thigpen. In this design, a long rail with an armtube attached to one end slid, virtually without friction, along a cylindrical bearing of pressurized air. (Because the air bearing is housed between two concentric cylinders, it is referred to as a "captured" bearing.) Thigpen marketed an improved version of this design as the Eminent Technology 1 (ET1), and later, with the help of his friend Edison Price, as the much-improved, ergonomically friendlier ET2, which remains popular today (although, to the best of my knowledge, it's no longer in production).
I bought an ET1 as soon as I saw it back in the early 1980s, figuring its frictionless tracking was perfection. At the time I knew nothing about vertical and horizontal resonant frequencies, nor did I consider the system's large horizontal effective mass or the stiffness of the air bearing, or the problems of resonance and turbulence created at the annular gap at either ends of the cylindrical bearing as the highly pressurized air quickly returns to ambient air pressure.
An assortment of other air-bearing tonearms also appeared in the early 1980s from companies such as Airtangent, Forsell, and others. Some were not high-pressure, captured air bearings but low-pressure "hovercrafts" that floated on a cushion of air blown through holes in the top half of the rail. These arms had a great deal of play fore and aft, as well as yaw (ie, these arms pivoted left and right around the bearing's vertical axis). Despite these problems, some of these arms sounded very good. Did they track with true tangentiality? Probably not.
Eventually, I bought a Rockport Technologies 6000 tangential-tracking arm. This featured a sophisticated, low-tolerance, "groove-compensated" air bearing that dealt with the problems of annular gap and bearing slop (see the May 1996 issue, Vol.19 No.5). But I was never happy with the 6000's bass response, and when I reviewed Allen Perkins' original Immedia RPM2 a year later, which was a conventional pivoted arm, I sold the Rockport and bought the Immedia. Whatever tracking error the pivoted RPM2 added was more than made up for by its superior bass performance and its overall speed and solidity (perhaps due in part to its mechanical grounding)not to mention its ease of use.


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1. In the United States, men are much more likely than women to die from heart attacks and other coronary events. True or False?
2. Women are more likely to die from a heart attack than from breast cancer. True or False?
3. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is important in the prevention of heart disease for women after menopause. True or False?
4. Women are less likely than men to be evaluated for coronary heart disease risk factors. True or False?
5. After a heart attack, men and women are equally likely to receive medication. True or False?
6. Although coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death for American women, studies on heart disease still include far fewer women than men. True or False?
1. False. In 2001, heart disease claimed the lives of 515,204 Americans. Of these, nearly half were women (49 percent).
2. True. Women are six times more likely to die from a heart attack than from breast cancer.
3. False. While HRT has long been thought to protect women from heart disease, recent studies show that it actually may increase their risk.
4. True. Women are also less likely to receive adequate counseling and treatment for heart disease risk factors.
5. False. Women are less likely than men to receive beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and aspirin after a heart attack.
6. True. Only 25 percent of participants in studies on heart disease are women.
Sources: The American Heart Association; National Coalition for Women with Heart Disease.


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Participating Organization(s) |
National Institutes of Health (NIH) |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
Funding Opportunity Title |
Planning for a National Center for Particle Beam Radiation Therapy Research (P20) |
Activity Code |
P20 Exploratory Grants |
Announcement Type |
New |
Related Notices |
Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) Number |
Companion Funding Opportunity |
None |
Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) Number(s) |
93.395 |
Funding Opportunity Purpose |
The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), issued by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), is to encourage and support planning efforts for establishing a Center for Particle Beam Radiation Therapy (PBRT) Research. The Center must be planned to operate as a research center adjunct to an independently created and funded, sustainable clinical facility for PBRT. Ultimately, the proposed Center is expected to perform clinically relevant research using proton and heavier ion beams (including but not necessarily limited to carbon beams). The goal of this FOA is to provide the awardees with funding to enable inclusion of necessary resources (expertise or facilities) to carry out basic, translational, and clinical research complementary to a clinical PBRT facility. The necessary expertise and efforts would be provided by a multidisciplinary team of basic, translational, and clinical researchers, including physicists, engineers, biologists, and physicians, while the research facilities may include, by way of example, cell culture laboratories, vivarium, and clinical anesthesia units for pediatric patients. It is expected that this effort will result in a national research resource capable of successfully competing for and securing the funding required to operate a specialized research center for clinical PBRT. This FOA is designed to support solely the planning for a Research Center at a separately funded PBRT facility, and not the PBRT facility itself. |
Posted Date |
January 28, 2013 |
Letter of Intent Due Date(s) |
April 21, 2013; December 21, 2013 |
Application Due Date(s) |
May 21, 2013; January 21, 2014 |
AIDS Application Due Date(s) |
Not Applicable |
Scientific Merit Review |
October 2013; June, 2014 |
Advisory Council Review |
January 2014; October 2014 |
Earliest Start Date |
April 2014; December 2014 |
Expiration Date |
(Now Expired October 17, 2013 per issuance of PAR-13-371), Originally January 22, 2014 |
Due Dates for E.O. 12372 |
Not Applicable |
Required Application Instructions
It is critical that applicants follow the instructions in the PHS 398 Application Guide except where instructed to do otherwise (in this FOA or in a Notice from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts). Conformance to all requirements (both in the Application Guide and the FOA) is required and strictly enforced. While some links are provided, applicants must read and follow all application instructions in the Application Guide as well as any program-specific instructions noted in Section IV. When the program-specific instructions deviate from those in the Application Guide, follow the program-specific instructions. Applications that do not comply with these instructions may be delayed or not accepted for review.
Looking ahead: NIH is committed to transitioning all grant programs to electronic submission using the SF424 Research and Related (R&R) format and is currently investigating solutions that will accommodate NIH's multi-project programs. NIH will announce plans to transition the remaining programs in the NIH Guide to Grants and Contracts and on NIH's Applying Electronically website.
Part 1. Overview Information
Part 2. Full Text of Announcement
Section I. Funding Opportunity Description
Section II. Award Information
Section III. Eligibility Information
Section IV. Application and Submission
Section V. Application Review Information
Section VI. Award Administration Information
Section VII. Agency Contacts
Section VIII. Other Information
The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), issued by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), is to encourage and support planning efforts for establishing a center for Particle Beam Radiation Therapy (PBRT) Research. The Center must be planned to operate as a research center adjunct to an independently created and funded, sustainable clinical facility for PBRT. This FOA is designed to support solely the planning for Research Center at such a separately funded PBRT facility, and not the PBRT facility itself. Ultimately, the proposed Center is expected to perform clinically relevant research using proton and heavier ion beams (including but not necessarily limited to carbon beams). The goal of this FOA is to provide the awardees with funding to enable inclusion of necessary resources (expertise or facilities) to carry out basic, translational, and clinical research complementary to a clinical PBRT facility. The necessary expertise and efforts would be provided by a multidisciplinary team of basic, translational, and clinical researchers, including physicists, engineers, biologists, and physicians, while the research facilities may include, by way of example, cell culture laboratories, vivarium, and clinical anesthesia units for pediatric patients. It is expected that this effort will result in a national research resource capable of successfully competing for and securing the funding required to operate a specialized research center for clinical PBRT.
Limitations of conventional (x-ray) radiation therapy
Radiation therapy is a treatment modality for nearly two-thirds of all cancer patients. In a number of common cancers, however, a majority of the patients suffer local recurrence after radiation therapy and often die as a result (examples include patients with glioblastoma and locally advanced cancers of the head and neck, lungs, esophagus, and pancreas). In addition, a considerable proportion of the radiation-treated patients suffer adverse effects during and after radiation therapy.
Although existing technology, such as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with photon (X-ray) beams, allows delivery of a well-defined, conformal dose to the target (tumor) volume, it can be achieved only by directing the beams from multiple angles. Consequently, normal tissue are exposed to low doses of radiation as the individual X-ray beams enter and leave the body, increasing the risk for long-term side effects including secondary cancers.
Potential advantages of particle beam radiation therapy
Particle beam radiation therapy offers advantageous physical-dose distributions (protons and heavier-ion beams) and biological potential (heavier-ion beams) as compared to photon radiotherapy. The physical dose distribution advantage of charged-particle beams results from the fact that they stop at a depth defined by their energy and, thereby, spare normal tissues beyond the target from unwanted radiation. A considerable body of experimental and clinical, treatment-based evidence indicates that in certain settings particle beams might be equally, or more, effective in treating cancer as the most sophisticated photon-based therapies while significantly reducing the volume of normal tissue irradiated. However, there is still a pressing need for more extensive clinical trials to determine appropriate and optimal use of particle beam therapy.
Because of the physical stopping of protons and heavier-ion particles at well defined depth in the tissue, particle beam treatments may target tumors from a single direction or just a few directions which can be chosen to avoid the most sensitive tissues/organs. Therefore, adults with lung cancer and cancers of the head and neck, brain, base of skull, eye, pancreas, and prostate might benefit from the advantages of particle beam therapy. The benefits may even be greater for children as the normal tissues are spared from radiation and, thereby, the risk for the development of radiation-associated cancers and functional abnormalities is minimized. Radiobiological experiments with particle beams show that particle beams (most commonly using carbon ions) provide a unique advantage of not only well defined range in the tissue but also high biological effectiveness, resulting in more damage to the irradiated tumor tissue per unit of radiation dose delivered to the target volume as compared to photons and protons. In addition, hypoxic tumor cells - - the most radiation resistant and aggressive tumor cells -- are killed more efficiently with particle beams than with photons.
Need for further research and clinical trials
Although significant progress has been made in the use of particle beams for cancer treatment, an extensive research and development program is needed to maximize the healthcare benefits from these therapies. Since a typical facility may cost well over $100 million to design and construct, and millions each year in operating costs, there is a need for studies comparing the effectiveness of photon, proton and heavier-ion therapy in a number of situations where particle therapy is expected to have a clear advantage (go to: http://www.ahrq.gov/news/press/pr2009/probeampr.htm). Basic biological studies to characterize such specific cases as, for example, hypoxic tumors must be conducted. Clinical physics research is needed to further streamline treatment and develop improved techniques for treatment planning and delivery. Additionally, accelerator research and development aimed at improving the technology for producing and delivering particle beams is expected to reduce the complexity and cost of the equipment as highlighted in a recent report by the Department of Energy: "Accelerators for America's Future" (go to http://www.acceleratorsamerica.org/report/index.html).
Currently operating carbon-ion therapy centers worldwide include two in Japan and one in Germany, with others in various stages of development. Although, as of January 2013, there are no announced plans of such a facility in the U.S., there is a strong interest in the U.S. radiation oncology community to investigate possible application of particle beams (especially carbon) for cancer treatment, and to compare therapeutic efficacy of different types of charged particles to those of photons and protons. Thus, there is need for a research facility that would allow U.S. scientists to participate in research on oncological applications of a spectrum of particle beams, including carbon-ion beams.
Applicants responding to this FOA must have advanced plans and documented commitments to construct a viable and independently supported PBRT facility. It is expected that these advanced plans and commitments will reflect such aspects as:
Funding Instrument |
Grant: A support mechanism providing money, property, or both to an eligible entity to carry out an approved project or activity. |
Application Types Allowed |
New The OER Glossary and the PHS 398 Application Guide provide details on these application types. |
Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards |
The number of awards is contingent upon NIH appropriations and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. The NCI anticipates funding up to two awards. |
Award Budget |
Applications may request a maximum annual budget of $500,000 total costs. However, application budgets need to reflect actual needs of the proposed project. |
Award Project Period |
The maximum project period is 2 years. |
NIH grants policies as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement will apply to the applications submitted and awards made in response to this FOA.
Higher Education Institutions
The following types of Higher Education Institutions are always encouraged to apply for NIH support as Public or Private Institutions of Higher Education:
Nonprofits Other Than Institutions of Higher Education
For-Profit Organizations
Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entities (Foreign Institutions) are
not eligible to apply.
Non-domestic (non-U.S.) components of U.S. Organizations are not eligible to apply.
Foreign components, as defined in
the NIH Grants Policy Statement, are allowed.
Applicant organizations must complete the following registrations as described in the PHS 398 Application Guide to be eligible to apply for or receive an award. Applicants must have a valid Dun and Bradstreet Universal Numbering System (DUNS) number in order to begin each of the following registrations.
All Program Directors/Principal Investigators (PD(s)/PI(s)) must also work with their institutional officials to register with the eRA Commons or ensure their existing eRA Commons account is affiliated with the eRA Commons account of the applicant organization.
All registrations must be completed by the application due date. Applicant organizations are strongly encouraged to start the registration process at least6 weeks prior to the application due date.
Any individual(s) with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research as the Program Director(s)/Principal Investigator(s) (PD(s)/PI(s)) is invited to work with his/her organization to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support.
For institutions/organizations proposing multiple PDs/PIs, visit the Multiple Program Director/Principal Investigator Policy and submission details in the Senior/Key Person Profile (Expanded) Component of the PHS 398 Application Guide.
This FOA does not require cost sharing as defined in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
Applicant organizations may submit more than one application, provided that each application is scientifically distinct.
NIH will not accept any application that is essentially the same as one already reviewed within the past thirty-seven months (as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement), except for submission:
Applicants are required to prepare applications according to the current PHS 398 application forms in accordance with the PHS 398 Application Guide.
It is critical that applicants follow the instructions in the PHS 398 Application Guide, except where instructed in this funding opportunity announcement to do otherwise. Conformance to the requirements in the Application Guide is required and strictly enforced. Applications that are out of compliance with these instructions may be delayed or not accepted for review.
Although a letter of intent is not required, is not binding, and does not enter into the review of a subsequent application, the information that it contains allows IC staff to estimate the potential review workload and plan the review.
By the date listed in Part 1. Overview Information, prospective applicants are asked to submit a letter of intent that includes the following information:
The letter of intent should be sent to:
James A. Deye, Ph.D.
Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch
Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
9609 Medical Center Drive
Telephone: 240 276 5690 (main)
Fax: 240 276 5827
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Applications must be prepared using the PHS 398 research grant application forms and instructions for preparing a research grant application. Submit a signed, typewritten original of the application, including the checklist, and three signed photocopies in one package to:
Center for Scientific Review
National Institutes of Health
6701 Rockledge Drive, Room 1040, MSC 7710
Bethesda, MD 20892-7710 (U.S. Postal Service Express or regular mail)
Bethesda, MD 20817 (for express/courier service; non-USPS service)
At the time of submission, two additional paper copies of the application and all copies of the Appendix files must be sent to:
Referral Officer
Division of Extramural Activities
National Cancer Institute
9609 Medical Center Drive
Room 7W412, MSC 9750
Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9750 (for Express mail, use Rockville, MD 20850)
Tel: (240) 276-6390
Fax: (240) 276-7682
E-mail: email@example.com
All page limitations described in the PHS 398 Application Guide and the Table of Page Limits must be followed, with the following exceptions or additional requirements:
Applicants must complete detailed budget using the R&R Budget Component, as well as subaward/consortium budget component(s) as appropriate.
In addition to standard items for this section, provide documentation of the planning and commitments of the PBRT facility. Include essential documents supporting specific items to be described under Research Strategy. It is expected that documents will not exceed 50 pages.
All instructions in the PHS 398 Application Guide must be followed, with the following additional instructions:
Specific Aims: The application should include specific aims relevant to establishing research capacity into the design, construction, and operation of a planned particle beam radiotherapy facility. For example, the proposed specific aims may include one or more of the following activities:
Research Strategy: Research Strategy is expected to focus on specific goals relevant for building research capacity into the operation of the planned PBRT facility.
The applicants are also expected to summarize their current and past scientific collaboration (as documented by joint publications and/or grants) as well as plans for the future collaborations. In the narrative describe how these efforts are expected to create a critical mass of relevant expertise. Outline also plans for obtaining funding from multiple sources for particle beam research and development in the future.
In addition, the applicants shall address the following aspects related to the planned PBRT facility:
Resource Sharing Plan
Individuals are required to comply with the instructions for the Resource Sharing Plans (Data Sharing Plan, Sharing Model Organisms, and Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS)) as provided in the PHS 398 Application Guide, with the following modification:
All applications, regardless of the amount of direct costs requested for any one year, should address a Data Sharing Plan.
Do not use the Appendix to circumvent page limits. Follow all instructions for the Appendix (please note all format requirements) as described in the PHS 398 Application Guide.
Part I. Overview Information contains information about Key Dates.
Information on the process of receipt and determining if
your application is considered on-time is described in detail in the PHS 398
Application Guide.
Applicants may track the status of the application in the eRA Commons, NIH's electronic system for grants
This initiative is not subject to intergovernmental review.
All NIH awards are subject to the terms and conditions, cost
principles, and other considerations described in the NIH Grants
Policy Statement.
Pre-award costs are allowable only as described in the NIH Grants
Policy Statement.
Applications must be received on or before the due dates in Part I. Overview Information. If an application is received after that date, it will not be reviewed.
Upon receipt, applications will be evaluated for completeness by the Center for Scientific Review, NIH. Applications that are incomplete will not be reviewed.
Applicants are required to follow the instructions for post-submission materials, as described in NOT-OD-10-115.
Only the review criteria described below will be considered in the review process. As part of the NIH mission, all applications submitted to the NIH in support of biomedical and behavioral research are evaluated for scientific and technical merit through the NIH peer review system.
For this particular announcement, note the following:
The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage and support planning efforts for establishing a Center for Particle Beam Radiation Therapy (PBRT) Research. Such a Center is envisaged to serve as a national research resource. The Center must be planned to operate as a research center adjunct to an independently created and funded, sustainable clinical facility for PBRT.
Reviewers will provide an overall impact score to reflect their assessment of the likelihood for the project to exert a sustained, powerful influence on the research field(s) involved, in consideration of the following review criteria and additional review criteria (as applicable for the project proposed).
Reviewers will consider each of the review criteria below in the determination of scientific merit, and give a separate score for each. An application does not need to be strong in all categories to be judged likely to have major scientific impact. For example, a project that by its nature is not innovative may be essential to advance a field.
Does the project address an important problem or a critical barrier to progress in the field? If the aims of the project are achieved, how will scientific knowledge, technical capability, and/or clinical practice be improved? How will successful completion of the aims change the concepts, methods, technologies, treatments, services, or preventative interventions that drive this field?
Are the PD(s)/PI(s), collaborators, and other researchers well suited to the project? If Early Stage Investigators or New Investigators, or in the early stages of independent careers, do they have appropriate experience and training? If established, have they demonstrated an ongoing record of accomplishments that have advanced their field(s)? If the project is collaborative or multi-PD/PI, do the investigators have complementary and integrated expertise; are their leadership approach, governance and organizational structure appropriate for the project?
Does the application challenge and seek to shift current research or clinical practice paradigms by utilizing novel theoretical concepts, approaches or methodologies, instrumentation, or interventions? Are the concepts, approaches or methodologies, instrumentation, or interventions novel to one field of research or novel in a broad sense? Is a refinement, improvement, or new application of theoretical concepts, approaches or methodologies, instrumentation, or interventions proposed?
Are the overall strategy, methodology, and analyses
well-reasoned and appropriate to accomplish the specific aims of the project? Are potential problems, alternative strategies, and benchmarks for success presented?
If the project is in the early stages of development, will the strategy
establish feasibility and will particularly risky aspects be managed?
If the project involves clinical research, are the plans for 1) protection of
human subjects from research risks, and 2) inclusion of minorities and members
of both sexes/genders, as well as the inclusion of children, justified in terms
of the scientific goals and research strategy proposed?
Will the scientific environment in which the work will be done contribute to the probability of success? Are the institutional support, equipment and other physical resources available to the investigators adequate for the project proposed? Will the project benefit from unique features of the scientific environment, subject populations, or collaborative arrangements?
As applicable for the project proposed, reviewers will evaluate the following additional items while determining scientific and technical merit, and in providing an overall impact score, but will not give separate scores for these items.
Research and Development Activities
Facilities and Infrastructure Proposed for PBRT
Institutional Commitment
Access to Required Specialized Resources
Facilities for Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research
Research Infrastructure
For applications Involving a Consortia
Protections for Human Subjects
For research that involves human subjects but does
not involve one of the six categories of research that are exempt under 45 CFR
Part 46, the committee will evaluate the justification for involvement of human
subjects and the proposed protections from research risk relating to their
participation according to the following five review criteria: 1) risk to
subjects, 2) adequacy of protection against risks, 3) potential benefits to the
subjects and others, 4) importance of the knowledge to be gained, and 5) data
and safety monitoring for clinical trials.
For research that involves human subjects and meets the criteria for one or
more of the six categories of research that are exempt under 45 CFR Part 46,
the committee will evaluate: 1) the justification for the exemption, 2) human
subjects involvement and characteristics, and 3) sources of materials. For
additional information on review of the Human Subjects section, please refer to
the Human
Subjects Protection and Inclusion Guidelines.
Inclusion of Women, Minorities, and Children
When the proposed project involves clinical research, the committee will evaluate the proposed plans for inclusion of minorities and members of both genders, as well as the inclusion of children. For additional information on review of the Inclusion section, please refer to the Human Subjects Protection and Inclusion Guidelines.
Vertebrate Animals
The committee will evaluate the involvement of live vertebrate animals as part of the scientific assessment according to the following five points: 1) proposed use of the animals, and species, strains, ages, sex, and numbers to be used; 2) justifications for the use of animals and for the appropriateness of the species and numbers proposed; 3) adequacy of veterinary care; 4) procedures for limiting discomfort, distress, pain and injury to that which is unavoidable in the conduct of scientifically sound research including the use of analgesic, anesthetic, and tranquilizing drugs and/or comfortable restraining devices; and 5) methods of euthanasia and reason for selection if not consistent with the AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia. For additional information on review of the Vertebrate Animals section, please refer to the Worksheet for Review of the Vertebrate Animal Section.
Reviewers will assess whether materials or procedures proposed are potentially hazardous to research personnel and/or the environment, and if needed, determine whether adequate protection is proposed.
For Resubmissions, the committee will evaluate the application as now presented, taking into consideration the responses to comments from the previous scientific review group and changes made to the project.
Not Applicable.
Not Applicable.
As applicable for the project proposed, reviewers will consider each of the following items, but will not give scores for these items, and should not consider them in providing an overall impact score.
Applications from Foreign Organizations
Not Applicable.
Select Agent Research
Reviewers will assess the information provided in this section of the application, including 1) the Select Agent(s) to be used in the proposed research, 2) the registration status of all entities where Select Agent(s) will be used, 3) the procedures that will be used to monitor possession use and transfer of Select Agent(s), and 4) plans for appropriate biosafety, biocontainment, and security of the Select Agent(s).
Resource Sharing Plans
Reviewers will comment on whether the following Resource Sharing Plans, or the rationale for not sharing the following types of resources, are reasonable: 1) Data Sharing Plan; 2) Sharing Model Organisms; and 3) Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS).
Budget and Period of Support
Reviewers will consider whether the budget and the requested period of support are fully justified and reasonable in relation to the proposed research.
Applications will be evaluated for scientific and technical merit by (an) appropriate Scientific Review Group(s) convened by the NCI, in accordance with NIH peer review policy and procedures, using the stated review criteria. Assignment to a Scientific Review Group will be shown in the eRA Commons.
As part of the scientific peer review, all applications:
Applications will be assigned on the basis of established PHS referral guidelines to the appropriate NIH Institute or Center and will compete for available funds with all other recommended applications. Following initial peer review, recommended applications will receive a second level of review by the National Cancer Advisory Board. The following will be considered in making funding decisions:
After the peer review of the application is completed, the PD/PI will be able to access his or her Summary Statement (written critique) via the eRA Commons.
Information regarding the disposition of applications is available in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
If the application is under consideration for funding, NIH
will request "just-in-time" information from the applicant as
described in the NIH Grants
Policy Statement.
A formal notification in the form of a Notice of Award (NoA) will be provided
to the applicant organization for successful applications. The NoA signed by
the grants management officer is the authorizing document and will be sent via
email to the grantee's business official.
Awardees must comply with any funding restrictions described in Section IV.5. Funding Restrictions. Selection
of an application for award is not an authorization to begin performance. Any
costs incurred before receipt of the NoA are at the recipient's risk. These
costs may be reimbursed only to the extent considered allowable pre-award costs.
Any application awarded in response to this FOA will be subject to the DUNS, SAM
Registration, and Transparency Act requirements as noted on the Award
Conditions and Information for NIH Grants website.
All NIH grant and cooperative agreement awards include the NIH Grants Policy Statement as part of the NoA. For these terms of award, see the NIH Grants Policy Statement Part II: Terms and Conditions of NIH Grant Awards, Subpart A: General and Part II: Terms and Conditions of NIH Grant Awards, Subpart B: Terms and Conditions for Specific Types of Grants, Grantees, and Activities. More information is provided at Award Conditions and Information for NIH Grants.
Not Applicable.
When multiple years are involved, awardees will be required to submit the Non-Competing Continuation Grant Progress Report (PHS 2590 or RPPR) annually and financial statements as required in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
A final progress report, invention statement, and the expenditure data portion of the Federal Financial Report are required for closeout of an award, as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
The Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (Transparency Act), includes a requirement for awardees of Federal grants to report information about first-tier subawards and executive compensation under Federal assistance awards issued in FY2011 or later. All awardees of applicable NIH grants and cooperative agreements are required to report to the Federal Subaward Reporting System (FSRS) available at www.fsrs.gov on all subawards over $25,000. See the NIH Grants Policy Statement for additional information on this reporting requirement.
We encourage inquiries concerning this funding opportunity and welcome the opportunity to answer questions from potential applicants.
GrantsInfo (Questions regarding application instructions and
process, finding NIH grant resources)
Telephone 301-710-0267
Email: email@example.com
eRA Commons Help Desk (Questions regarding eRA Commons
registration, tracking application status, post submission issues)
Phone: 301-402-7469 or 866-504-9552 (Toll Free)
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
James A. Deye, Ph.D.
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Telephone: 240-276-5690
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Jacek Capala, Ph.D., D.Sc.
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Telephone: 240-276-5690
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
NCI Referral Officer
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Telephone: (240) 276-6390
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Ms. Renee Carruthers
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Telephone: (301) 631-3018
Email: email@example.com
Recently issued trans-NIH policy notices may affect your application submission. A full list of policy notices published by NIH is provided in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. All awards are subject to the terms and conditions, cost principles, and other considerations described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
Awards are made under the authorization of Sections 301 and 405 of the Public Health Service Act as amended (42 USC 241 and 284) and under Federal Regulations 42 CFR Part 52 and 45 CFR Parts 74 and 92.
Weekly TOC for this Announcement
NIH Funding Opportunities and Notices
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Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) |
NIH... Turning Discovery Into Health® Note: For help accessing PDF, RTF, MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Audio or Video files, see Help Downloading Files. |


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Philadelphia based artist and Space 1026 founder Jim Houser opens As Quiet As It's Kept in Los Angeles @LeBasse Projects Saturday, March 10th (6-9pm) featuring an array of works ranging from canvas paintings, mixed media compositions and installations. ~complete details
Jim emailed over a little taste as they work on the install.
Show details


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How to unlock the 3G iPhone
Updated 24th February 2009 - Unlock 3G iPhone Tutorial
Great news, it is now possible to unlock your 3G iphone without the need for an "Unlock SIM". The solution has been released from the iPhone dev team and its FREE. Their unlock Software is called YellowSn0w (YellowSnow) and it supports all software versions up to and including 2.2. You can read their blog HERE
Read a great tutorial on how to unlock your 3G iphone for FREE at iClarified here
I have tested this personally on my own O2 UK 3G iPhone and it works great!
Note: The latest software version for the 3G iPhone is 2.2.1. It is not currently supported by YellowSn0w. But rumors have it that a new version of yellowSn0w is about to be released (version 0.98) which will work with 2.2.1. Keep an eye on the dev team blog for updates.
If you are already running version 2.2.1 and want to unlock it, then for now you will have to wait for YellowSn0w 0.98 to be released. Some "Unlock SIM's" do claim to work with 2.2.1 but i have heard mixed reports on their reliability (read tutorial below for more information on unlock SIM's).
UPDATE: There is no news from the iPhone Dev team yet about unlocking version 2.2.1. So unlock SIM's are currently the only solution for this version. Please read my tutorial below for more details. Hopefully they will crack it soon....
If you have any questions about iPhone unlocking please post them in my new support forum here.
I have left my older tutorial below as it may become useful again when Apple release newer software versions that might require the use of "unlock SIM's" again.
Updated 27th November 2008 - (For Archive Purposes only)
So you want to know how to unlock Apples's 3G iPhone? Well I will do my best to show you how.
Basic Facts about unlocking the 2G & 3G iphone
This tutorial is aimed specifically at the 3G version of the iPhone. if you have a standard 2G iphone it can be easily unlocked using the USB cable provided with your iphone. Have a read of the guide in the link below:
iclarified.com unlock 2G iphone Guide (does not work for 3G iphone)
If you know of a better guide to unlock the 2G iphone, contact me. I will post a link to it here.
iPhone Unlock SIM's
Sadly the unlock solution for the 3G iphone is not so neat. As of November 2008 there is no software based solution to unlock your 3G iphone. But don't worry, some clever people have discovered an alternative method. It is through the use of what is commonly referred to as "Unlock SIM's" or "piggyback SIM's". Have a look at the picture to the right to see what they look like (there are different variations but they all look pretty much the same).
Now these unlock SIM's are very thin and you simply need to place them on top of the the actual SIM card you would like to use in your iphone. Finally place them into you SIM holder and then into the iPhone. Its probably easier to see this in action. I found this great American video on You Tube that shows you exactly how it works.
Looks quite straight forward doesn't it? I have personally tested a few different types of these Unlock SIM's and the quality varies greatly. Some are very poor and simply do not work, others are great and work perfectly.
The technology and software on these unlock SIM's is continually being worked on and improved so it is important that you are buying the latest versions of these SIM's.
Do I need to cut my SIM card?
No you don't. The older designs did require you cut into your SIM card. The newer designs have moved the small IC chip to the other side. This means they will now fit into your iPhone without any cutting of your actual SIM.
Will they work with all iPhone software versions?
Until recently the answer to this was yes. But Apple have just released an update (Nov 2008) which has stopped most of the unlock SIM's from working. This latest software release for the 3G iPhone is Version 2.2. When you connect your iPhone to iTunes you will be prompted to upgrade if an update is available. So it wont be long until most 3G iPhone's out there are running this new 2.2 version. Software versions older than 2.2 are no problem for most of the reputable Unlock SIM's out there. But if you have version 2.2 you must be very careful when buying an unlock SIM.
How do you check your iPhone software version?
Easy simply select "settings -> General -> About" from the main menu. you will see the version number in the list. Or you can simply dial *3001#12345#* and then press the call button.
Good News - V 2.2 can be unlocked with the latest SIM's
A friend of mine was using an unlock SIM in his iPhone happily for the last few months. Until he updated his 3G iPhone software to V2.2 using iTunes. As soon as the update was complete his iPhone displayed "No Service" instead of the signal strength. This is because Apple have improved the base band security features in this new release. No damage has been done to the iphone, it will still work with the correct SIM, but not with the "unlock SIM".
Thankfully the various makers of the unlock SIM's have been busy working on a solution. The good news is that the very latest versions of these SIM's will work with version 2.2!
So where can I buy these latest SIM's from?
I am currently compiling a list of links to good sites that sell these. check back soon or contact me.
The first company to officially support the new 2.2 version is "Any Network". Click the link below to visit their site. They have a good reputation but are very expensive!
Any Network - iPhone 3g unlockingOther Unlock SIM manufacturers to look out for include: YesSim, Any Network, Rebel SIM, Universal SIM, Tornado SIM, Turbo SIM and X-SIM. These unlock SIM's are also available for other handset manufacturers such as Nokia, Samsung, Sony etc. So make sure you buy the iPhone version!
Be careful Unlock SIM's can get stuck in your iPhone!
During my own testing of these SIM's i did manage to get a couple jammed in the 3G iPhone. The newer versions are less prone to jamming but it can still happen. If you are unfortunate enough to get your unlock SIM stuck then you have a few options. If your feeling brave and are technically minded then you can open up your iphone (the 3G version is actually very easy - much easier than the 2G version). Have a look on You Tube for videos on how to do this. Option two is to use brute force. This method usually results in a broken SIM tray (you can buy replacements from ebay. Normally the SIM release mechanism will also break but you can still remove the SIM tray using a pin. My advice is prevention is better than cure. Some newer unlock SIM's come with special SIM trays to accommodate both your SIM and the unlock SIM. Other preventative methods include sticking the unlock SIM to your actual SIM with either special glue or tape. I will write a tutorial on how to open your 3G iphone at a later date.
What About Jail Breaking / Jailbreak?
This is completely different to unlocking and is out of the scope of this tutorial. I will write a separate guide at a later date. In the mean time, I can confirm that you can jailbreak all software versions of the iPhone (both 2G and 3G). Visit iClarified.com to see many tutorials on how to do this,
I will do my best to keep this section up to date - Many thanks for reading - Dan
Finally if you are a web master please do not steal my content without permission. If you do take it without permission please at the very least link back to my site.


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Library Collections - Print Resources
Our collection has more than 58,000 print volumes.
- Utah territorial and state laws
- Utah administrative regulations (current and historical)
- Utah court rules (current and historical)
- Utah appellate decisions
- Utah territorial and state legislative publications
- Utah constitutional research materials
- Utah treatises
- Utah Supreme Court briefs
- Utah Court of Appeals briefs
- Utah legal periodicals
Other Collections
- Laws of 24 states besides Utah
- U.S. Code and Statutes at Large
- Code of Federal Regulations and Federal Register
- All reported federal decisions
- Selected federal legislative history materials
- Legal encyclopedias
- Treatises on a variety of topics
- Books written for non-lawyers
Search the law library catalog to see if we have a particular title.
Use our document delivery service to request a copy of something from our collection.
By state law, only specific groups of state government employees may check out materials from the law library. All others are welcome to use materials in the library.
Utah State Law Library | 450 S. State Street | 801-238-7990 | Directions | View Map


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taken from Collective Evolution, written by Joe Martino
A Russian scientist has been studying the human energy field and is claiming that people can change the world simply by using their own energy. While this idea is not new, not too many have taken the time to scientifically go about proving such ideas -although the field of quantum physics has shed some powerful light on the topic over the years. Dr. Konstantin Korotkov, professor of physics at St. Petersburg State Technical University, states that when we think positive and negative thoughts, each have a different impact on our surrounding environment.
"We are developing the idea that our consciousness is part of the material world and that with our consciousness we can directly influence our world," said Dr. Konstantin Korotkov.
We cannot see energy very easily with the human eye and thus the world of unseen energy can be difficult for the mind to grasp without scientific measurements to verify what is taking place. Perhaps this is why the study of consciousness affecting our reality has been virtually untouched for so long. To help create a bridge between our physical and unseen world, scientific experiments using a technique called bioelectrophotography are being carried out. In these experiments, an assumption must be made that states the human body and consciousness is constantly emitting energy. Following this assumption, Bioelectrophotography aims to capture these energy fields seen as a light around the body. In the metaphysical world this energy emission is known as a person's aura, while in the scientific field, it is often refereed to as our energy field.
Dr. Korotkov is not the only one studying the affects of the human mind, thoughts and energy on our surrounding environment. The Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR) Laboratory has also been trying to wrap their heads around the subject and have concluded that the mind does in fact have a subtle capacity to influence the output of devices known as Random Event Generators (REGs).
A project that initially started when a student was curious to study the effects of the human mind and intention on the surrounding environment, turned into a rigorous testing lab where Dr. Robert Jahn and his lab assistant spent many hours experimenting to determine whether or not the mind has an affect on our physical world. Jahn and his assistant were able to determine that the human minds interactions with the machines demonstrated a relationship that was not physical in nature. The mind was able to affect and change outcomes of the machine in ways that were beyond explainable. In essence, consciousness was having an affect over the physical world.
To determine the affects of the minds intention on the physical world, they built several machines called a random number generator. The machine would essentially mimic a coin flip and record the results over time. The machine performed 200 flips per second and produced an average mean of 100 as one would expect. Left unattended, the machine would continue to produce results that suggested a 50/50 chance of producing either heads or tails. The interesting results came when human intention started to interact with the machine. What was once a random 50/50 chance of producing heads or tails began to deviate from expectation as the observer began to intend for the numbers to be higher or lower. While the affects of the mind over the the machines was not large, it was enough that contemporary physics is unable to explain what exactly is happening. Perhaps this is where the quantum world can shed light?
The implications this research could have on humanity is quite fascinating given it could reach into the realms of creating a world of peace, healthy living and joy. If intentions and thoughts can impact something the way it has been demonstrated above, why not explore the boundaries of how far this can go? It is my belief that we create our realities with our thoughts and intentions, I feel science is starting to confirm this and in time we will realize the true power of our minds and intentions.
The video below is a very brief synopsis of the Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research laboratory of Princeton University, whose research into mind-matter interaction forms the foundation of Psyleron Technology.


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As part of our efforts to keep our players constantly entertained and filled with thrilling moments, we offer a generous real money online casino offer, our Game of the Week. As the name suggests, each week we offer our players a new featured online casino slot to test your luck with. When you play this featured game during the specific week, we award you with Loyalty Points, the FPPs, which go towards a balance you can later redeem for more gameplay, on the House.
Casino: Juicy Stakes Cashback Weekend
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Casino: WorldMatch Top Games
Every few months, we update our WorldMatch Top Games based on which online slot games were most popular in that given period from the provider. You can play online real money casino with Juicy Stakes on our selected games and see what all the fuss is about! Maybe you are missing out on an epic online casino slot you've yet to try - But with the WorldMatch Top Games, you always have a place to refer to, in those curious moments. You can find these games under the WorldMatch tab in our Download client, Instant Play or Mobile Casino.
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When you make an online real money Poker deposit with Juicy Stakes, you not only receive the 200% up to $1000 Welcome Bonus, but you also have the chance then collect our current Poker Reload Bonus, if we have one currently available. This Poker Reload Bonus can be redeemed on your second real money casino deposit. In the times when we have a Poker Reload Bonus available, you can enter the bonus code in the Cashier and find your offer in 'My Account'.
Poker FPP Race
Did you know that we give away $4,000 in cash every week in our online real money Poker offer, the Poker FPP Race? Each and every week features a new race and a new chance at the $4,000 real money prizes. Play your favorite online Poker games with Juicy Stakes and you'll be automatically enrolled in the Race, meaning you always have a chance to win - As long as you play! You must play with online real money Poker funds in order to participate in the weekly Race.
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We offer an excellent Poker Non-Deposit Bonus to all of our players at Juicy Stakes. Using your Gold Chips, which derive from your accumulated FPPs (Frequent Player Points), you can redeem these quickly and easily for an online real money Poker Non-Deposit Bonus. You can collect a $5, $25 and $100 Bonus with 20, 100 or 400 Gold Chips. Remember, for all of your gameplay at Juicy, we reward you with FPPs, so you always are collecting, without even realizing it. That's the kind of game we like to run around here.
Poker Depositor Freeroll
Our $1,000 GTD Depositor Freeroll is a great way for our real money casino players to make back extra cash, clean and simple. All you need to do to qualify, is make a deposit of $25 or more along with 10 FFPs, then you can enter for a chance to win part of the $1,000 in real casino money. A slong as you meet the above requirements, we will send you a ticket in advance for the Freeroll.
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When it comes to a top Poker Rakeback Deal, Juicy Stakes is the market-leading provider out of all online real money Poker rooms. We offer a competitive 36% rakeback to our real money Poker players, paid on a weekly basis, which can all be managed within your account in the Poker client. Rakeback is generated when players participate in ring games or register for online Poker Tournaments.
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Just like our interactive mobile casino, we also offer mobile Poker as an option for our players. It seems everyone is playing online real money poker via their mobile these days, and with good reason - You can win from anywhere! Nothing like taking a boring experience, like waiting in line at the grocery store, into a full-fledged moment of excitement, with just a swipe to the Juicy Stakes real money mobile Poker. Wherever you go, we can be right there with you.
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We offer the most extensive best online real money Poker games that can be found online, full stop. Juicy Stakes caters to all betting levels and offer different stake levels, so whether your a newbie or a true high roller, you can find the perfect Poker game for your playing style.
Loyalty Program: FPPs
Any of the best online casinos out there know one thing to be of high importance: reward players for loyalty! Loyalty speaks volumes and here at Juicy, we reward you every step of the way. Our online casino and Poker Loyalty Program goes by the system we created using FPPs (Frequent Play Points). For every game you place a bet on, no matter which one, we reward your loyalty with FPPs which you can accumulate and later redeem for free cash and other freebies at Juicy.
Like everything we do at Juicy Stakes, our banking options are convenient, trustworthy and with as minimal fees as possible. For our online casino withdrawal options, you have three e-wallets to choose from: Skrill, Neteller and Bitcoin, while we can also kick it old school and pay you via check. While our Bitcoin wallet is instant, other e-wallets take up to 24 hours, and the check option takes 4-6 days. You can deposit with multiple e-wallets, including the ones mentioned above, along with NETELLER and NeoSurf. We accept all major credit cards for your real money online casino deposit. See the banking section for further information.
Customer Support
Our customer support agents at Juicy Stakes are well versed on all of our procedures and are always ready to help you if a complication arises. We make sure to have only the most polite and professional members on our team, who strive to genuinely assist and not act as "just another service agent". We offer the service we would want, ourselves. You can Live Chat, call us over the phone or send us an email - We'll be right back to you and ready to assist. Get more info on our customer service section.
Responsible Gaming
Responsible gaming is always in our top priorities. The point of real money gambling is to have fun, and we want to make sure you are always enjoying your time with us. If you ever feel you need to take a break, feel free to contact us and we can assist with pausing your account.
Ready? Game On!
Now, what's next? Time to enjoy! We are happy to have you here with us at Juicy, and we hope it's a lucky ride for you! Be sure to collect your Welcome Bonus for both Poker and Casino, then get the show on the road.


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Coming Out and Staying Out
This guide has been written for gay and bisexual men of all ages who are thinking of coming out. We know that making the decision to come out can be scary and stressful. It is for these reasons and because of our work as gay men's health workers that we put together this guide. We believe that useful information and other people's experiences of coming out can help to prepare you for some of the consequences that coming out to family and friends may bring.
Coming out is different for every person. We have tried to answer some of the questions that we are regularly asked, although in reality, this guide is likely to prompt more questions than it answers, but we hope it will help you during this time.
Remember - there is always someone you can talk to. There are many organisations that can help with your questions and concerns about being gay or coming out and we have listed some of them on the information page of this guide.
This guide has been written with the United Kingdom in mind, please remember if you live outside the UK that some of the information will not apply to where you live. For example, in some countries being homosexual is still illegal, or attitudes towards being gay or bisexual can be so severe that coming out is not safe. Use the web to look for more information about how things are where you live.
Good Luck!
Your comments on this website are greatly appreciated: contact us and let us know what you think.


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Exposure to particulate matter has been recognized as a contributing factor to lung cancer development for some time, but a new study indicates inhalation of certain particulates can actually cause some genes to become reprogrammed, affecting both the development and the outcome of cancers and other diseases.
"Recently, changes in gene programming due to a chemical transformation called methylation have been found in the blood and tissues of lung cancer patients," said investigator Andrea Baccarelli, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor of applied biotechnology at the University of Milan. "We aimed at investigating whether exposure to particulate matter induced changes in DNA methylation in blood from healthy subjects who were exposed to high levels of particulate matter in a foundry facility."
Researchers enrolled 63 healthy subjects who worked in a foundry near Milan, Italy. Blood DNA samples were collected on the morning of the first day of the work week, and again after three days of work. Comparing these samples revealed that significant changes had occurred in four genes associated with tumor suppression.
"The changes were detectable after only three days of exposure to particulate matter, indicating that environmental factors need little time to cause gene reprogramming which is potentially associated with disease outcomes," Baccarelli said.
"As several of the effects of particulate matter in foundries are similar to those found after exposure to ambient air pollution, our results open new hypotheses about how air pollutants modify human health," he added. "The changes in DNA methylation we observed are reversible and some of them are currently being used as targets of cancer drugs."
Baccarelli said the study results indicate that early interventions might be designed which would reverse gene programming to normal levels, reducing the health risks of exposure.
"We need to evaluate how the changes in gene reprogramming we observed are related to cancer risk," he said. "Down the road, it will be particularly important not only to show that these changes are associated with increased risk of cancer or other environmentally-induced diseases, but that, if we were able to prevent or revert them, these risks could be eliminated."
The research will be presented on Sunday, May 17, at the 105th International Conference of the American Thoracic Society in San Diego.
Session # A45: "Genetic Basis for Environmental and Occupational Respiratory Diseases"
Abstract # 2589: "Effects of Particulate Matter Exposure on p16, p53, APC and RASSF1A Promoter Methylation"
Poster Board # C51
Reprogrammed Genes Due To Pollution Can Happen In As Little As 3 Days - Study
Related articles
- Why Do Only Some Smokers Get Lung Cancer?
- Exposure To Particulate Air Pollutants Associated With Numerous Cancers
- 'Silencing' Of Single Gene In Lung Cancer Disrupts Normal Functioning Of Genome
- Pollution Increases Risk Of Obesity- Study
- Is Air Pollution The Next Pandemic? How Air Quality Increases Deaths From Cardiovascular Disease


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Luke 2:19 is one of the most simple yet profound verses in all of our standard works - and it relates directly to how you can have a wonderful life in the Church. We live in an information rich, share-all society that values open communication above almost all else. As a society at large, we are losing (or have lost) a sense of the privately sacred.
Luke 2:19 says:
"But Mary kept all these things, and pondered them in her heart."
Obviously, we don't need to be silent and not share many of our spiritual experiences, but there is much power and a deep connection that can be had in following Mary's example of "keeping" her most sacred experiences and knowledge and interaction with deity and "pondering them in her heart".
My mother's approach to life worked so beautifully for her largely because she "kept [many of] (her sacred and personal) things, and pondered them in her heart." It made her a deeply spiritual woman, just as I'm sure it did for Mary. Most of my own most intense and profound insights have come as I sat alone or listening in a group setting - sitting quietly, thinking deeply and pondering things in my heart.
Truly, sometimes we simply need to "be still, and know that (He is) God". I believe the latter flows directly from the former more often than we realize - and that we move away from him when we fail to keep a sense of the privately sacred.


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Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more.
Yes, a Fence Permit is required.
Show All Answers
Your permit must be posted on-site and the plans available to the inspectors for all inspections.
No. Each trade permit must be pulled separately.
A building bond and/or a road preservation bond may be required depending on the type of work being permitted. The bond will be returned after a final inspection is approved.
Yes. You will be required to fill out a Homeowner's Affidavit stating that you will personally be doing the work and be responsible for the work. All work must conform to code and you will be held personally liable. If a State of Michigan licensed Builder or Maintenance/Alteration Contractor is hired by the homeowner to supervise the work, then we strongly recommend the permit be issued to the licensed builder.
The City will not recommend any company, however you may look at our records of licensed contractors that do work in the City.
Before beginning your home improvement or construction project, contact the Building Division at 248-530-1409 for information concerning permits. Permits are required for many types of jobs, including, but not limited to, the following:
If there is any question as to whether a permit is needed for any work, call the Building Official.
Air conditioner condensers are considered accessory structures, and accessory structures are not permitted in the required side yard. If you have a question regarding the placement of an air conditioner or generator, please contact the Building Official at 248-530-1408.
The Zoning Ordinance regulates the size of lots as well as the placement of a residence on a lot. Typically, these restrictions regarding placement are referred to as setbacks, which means the distance a structure must be placed or setback from the lot line.
Anyone contemplating building a new house or addition should contact the Building Department to discuss, ordinance requirements may be different today than when your home was constructed.
Yes, an individual responsible for the work performed must be present for the inspection.
Inspections can be requested through BS&A Online. Inspection requests can also be emailed to the Building Department.
Time requests for building inspections are limited to 2-hour ranges; however, depending on the amount and type of inspection, time requests may not be honored. Please keep in mind that certain inspections may take longer, or other problems may arise, that will create delays in the schedule. If the situation dictates, please call the building department and discuss the situation with the inspector for time arrangements.
Building code interpretation or code-related questions shall be addressed by the Building Official during regular office hours. Trade Inspectors are available by requesting a telephone conference through this office. For more information, call the Building Official at 248-530-1408.
Please provide the permit number, type of inspection, property address, and the name and number of the individual scheduling the inspection.


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Phone: 919-621-9590
Email: email@example.com
Term Elected / Appointed:November 2, 2021
Term Expires:December 2025
I feel exceptionally lucky to be raising my family in such a deep-rooted, creatively vibrant community. In my service on Town Council, I'm committed to making sure as many people and families as possible can share in that community. I hope to bring a wide range of our neighbors' voices into town decision making and to work together to build a town that truly reflects our shared values.
Danny Nowell is the Town Council's liaison to the Planning Board, the Arts Committee, and the Recreation and Parks Commission. Prior to being elected to the Town Council, Danny led a number of fundraising campaigns for mutual aid and racial equity in the Carrboro community. Outside of his work on Town Council, Danny is a freelance copywriter, fiction writer, and musician. Both graduates of UNC-Chapel Hill, Danny and his wife Sallie have lived in Carrboro since 2016, where they're now raising their two kids.


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Detailed plot synopsis reviews of Three Bedrooms, One Corpse |
Chapter Analysis of Three Bedrooms, One Corpse |
Click on a plot link to find similar books!
Plot & ThemesComposition of Book descript. of violence and chases 20%Planning/preparing, gather info, debate puzzles/motives 30%Feelings, relationships, character bio/development 30%How society works & physical descript. (people, objects, places) 20% Tone of story - very upbeat How difficult to spot villain? - Challenging Time/era of story: - 1980's-1999 What % of story relates directly to the mystery, not the subplot? - 50% Special suspect? - lover Misc. Murder Plotlets - character killed during/after sexing - Proving innocence of very obvious suspect Kind of investigator - amateur citizen investigator Kid or adult book? - Adult or Young Adult Book Any non-mystery subplot? - life in small town Crime Thriller - Yes Murder Mystery (killer unknown) - Yes Is Romance a MAJOR (25%+) part of story? - YesMain CharacterGender - Female Profession/status: - teacher Age: - 20's-30's Ethnicity/Race - White/AmericanSettingUnited States - Yes Small town? - Yes Small town people: - nice, like Andy/Opie/Aunt BeeWriting StyleAccounts of torture and death? - moderately detailed references to deaths Explicit sex in book? - Yes What kind of sex: - vague references Amount of dialog - roughly even amounts of descript and dialog |
Books with storylines, themes & endings like Three Bedrooms, One Corpse |
Shakespeare's Champion by Charlaine Harris | |
Shakespeare's Trollop by Charlaine Harris | |
Triple Threat by Elizabeth Dearl | |
Dead Over Heels by Charlaine Harris | |
Shakespeare's Christmas by Charlaine Harris |


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What constitutes "stealing" when it comes to publicly posted financial data?
I think there are three instances of this that we can individually vet:
- a.) you physically broke into a location or physically broke into a computer to take the information. this is wrong. this is not ok.
- b.) you're getting the information off of sites like google finance and yahoo finance, etc, using some automated scraping tools you've written that use things like, say, wget and ruby, and do daily scrapes to each and every company
- c.) you're getting the information off of a paid service like x.com that sells financial data. you have told these people that you are using the data for some purpose other than what you're using the data for (because these people are salespeople and they don't actually have quoted rates, they sell data access like they sell cars), and they have agreed to sell it to you at a reasonable rate because you're not re-syndicating it. In reality, even, you're not re-syndicating the data, you're just using it to create a product that uses, say, 1% of that data at any given moment and does not sell it to others in any string-readable-format.
I'm not interested in ethics here. My ethics state that this information should be free already in a readily accessible format. I'm interested in the legality (and practical reality of) data-acquisition on the internet.
Am I legally allowed to take and use factual data (viz. non-creative content) for my own commercial purposes? Can I just take information? Is it considered "intellectual property"? Is data on publicly traded financial companies property at all? Could it ever be? I'm not trying to load the discussion, but I do have an opinion on this.
Opinions, however, are not what I'm asking for, though you're welcome to share them. I'm interested in
- a.) legality
- b.) the practical reality of data-acquisition (what do companies like Accenture and McKinsey do to get their data?)
edge cases ("would it be legal if"):
- you scraped a public site's data and used it in the making of a commercial project
- you scraped a private (paid, premium) site's data and used it in the making of a commercial project
- you used a public REST API to get data and used that in the making of a commercial project
- you used a private/premium/paid REST API to get data and used that in the making of a commercial project


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Motoring Oil Drops
Molecular motors inside living cells can turn chemical energy directly into work–a feat that technology still cannot replicate. In the 18 February PRL, Japanese researchers describe the cyclical motion of oil droplets powered by the repulsion between oily and watery molecules, a principle that is similar to biological motors and one which they believe could power nanomachines of the future. Such technology would produce no waste heat and so could work with much higher efficiency than any internal combustion engine.
A "running droplet" rolls around on a solid surface using electrostatic or chemical energy. In a recent experiment [1] for example, the droplet consisted of an oily substance with so-called surfactant molecules floating inside. These molecules have "water-loving" (hydrophilic) heads and "water-fearing" (hydrophobic) tails, much like ordinary soap molecules. Some of the hydrophobic tails attached themselves permanently to the specially-treated solid surface, leaving their hydrophilic ends pointing upward inside the droplet. Repulsion between this continuously forming watery layer and the rest of the oily droplet above propelled the droplet to constantly move, and it could never return to the same location twice. Researchers are interested in the fundamental physics of such motion, as well as possibly using it in nanotechnology.
Yutaka Sumino and his colleagues at the University of Kyoto in Japan found a way to make the "motor" more effective by allowing it to trace the same path over and over. At the start of their experiment in a glass petri dish, they dissolved the surfactant in a water bath surrounding the oil droplet; the oil contained only potassium iodide, a salt which helps oil soak up surfactant molecules. These molecules were attracted by the negatively charged glass and stuck their positively charged heads to the bottom, creating an oily "kelp forest" with their tails. Once the droplet began moving from random motions, it "mopped up" much of the surfactant in its path, leaving a trail of relatively clean glass, which is hydrophilic. The exposed glass propelled the droplet from behind, while the "kelp forest" attracted it in front. After a droplet went by, surfactant floating in the water quickly restored a hydrophobic layer on the glass surface, preparing it for another passage.
The droplet moved randomly at first, but once it hit the round petri dish's walls, it started orbiting continuously around the dish, says Sumino's Kyoto collaborator Kenichi Yoshikawa. When the researchers replaced the round dish with a long and thin container–about as wide as the droplet itself–the droplet simply paced back and forth from one end to the other. The walks stopped after less than a minute, or 20 to 50 cycles, when the droplet became saturated with surfactant.
Irving Epstein of Brandeis University in Boston is impressed by the new work, which he says "might spawn the development of new devices." He adds that it is possible that some living cells use similar effects to get around, although that is not known. Yoshikawa has high hopes for future nanomachines that would move through the human bloodstream and make repairs. "Perhaps in the future you can make small chemical robots that walk in a narrow space by utilizing energy from the environment–for example, glucose," he says.
–Davide Castelvecchi
Davide Castelvecchi is a freelance science writer in Rome.
- S-W Lee, D. Y. Kwok, and P. E. Laibinis, "Chemical Influences on Adsorption-Mediated Self-Propelled Drop Movement," Phys. Rev. E 65, 051602 (2002)