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Beauty and the Greek Billionaire by Stefanie London
Series n/a; standalone Genre Adult Contemporary Romance Publisher Entangled Indulgence Publication Date October 29, 2018
Marianna Halsey has the most boring life in the world. With seven overprotective older brothers, she's even ended up a virgin at twenty-four. But when a dark and sexy male prevents her from getting her wallet stolen on a Greek vacation, she decides it's time for some adventure. She's read a gazillion romance novels. How hard can it be to score a hook-up?
Greek billionaire and stock market whiz, Nico Galinas has built an empire from nothing. Literally. Orphaned as a baby, Nico trusts no one. Especially not the quirky, attractive woman using the worst pick up tricks in history. She wants something, and Nico decides to play along, even when she invites herself back to his place. But what happens when "the beast" accidentally knocks up "beauty"?
Chapter One
For a woman who grew up with seven older brothers, Marianna Halsey knew surprisingly little about men. Oh sure, she knew they ate like wild animals, forcing her to wolf down her meals as a kid so she didn't miss out. She knew that they sorted their problems out with fists, and that they believed little sisters needed to be sheltered at all costs. She also knew they thought showering was optional and that it was perfectly fine to make a tower out of empty toilet paper rolls instead of taking them to the rubbish bin. But when it came to knowing what a man wanted in a woman, she was at a total and utter loss. Big boobs, small boobs, blondes or brunettes? Did they want witty and extroverted or thoughtful and quiet? She had no freaking clue. Truth be told, she wasn't sure what she wanted in a partner, either. What she did know, however, was that men didn't seem to want her. Marianna leaned back against the blue-and-white-painted chair, letting her eyes flutter shut as a warm breeze rolled past. Fanning herself, she sucked in the salty tang of the ocean and the sound of people speaking Greek. Allowing herself to get lost in the language, letting her ears delight in the sound of new words, gave her a moment of peace. The only moment of peace she'd had since she landed in Corfu yesterday. She supposed most people would experience that muscle-loosening sense of relaxation the second they set foot on the idyllic island. But then again, most people hadn't come here to lose their virginity. She glanced down at her ereader, the searing words of a romance novel staring back up at her. Since she had no close girlfriends or people with whom she could talk about sex, she'd decided—as she did with most things—that books would be her best option. In fact, she'd barely slept a wink the entire journey from Australia to Greece as she'd devoured the stories, gobbling them up in her quest to garner any information which might help her seduce a man. It was a damn good thing her ereader allowed her to shrink the text on her screen so her brother couldn't lean over and see what she was reading! Romance novels should come with a warning: read in a cool place or risk spontaneous combustion. Fire hazards aside, the books had aided her research and allowed her to create a checklist of important items. To execute her anti-virginity plan she needed the following: a sexy Greek man, a romantic but private location, some fancy underwear—or in her case, a sexy bikini so she was beach-ready—and a bit of liquid courage. But not too much liquid courage…because vomiting on her target was bound to be a mood killer. The open-air café across from her hotel was dotted with groups of people, a mix of locals and tourists from what she could tell. As yet, no one had caught her attention. Patience. You've waited this long, what's another hour or two to find the right guy? All she had to do was pick her moment to slip away from the watchful eye of her older brother. "Speak of the devil," she muttered under her breath. Daniel, older brother number two, strode toward her with his shirtsleeves rolled back and perspiration beading along his hairline. Like her, he was used to the bone-dry heat of home rather than this sticky island humidity. He dropped into the chair across from her. "How's the reading?" You wouldn't be asking that if you knew how many times I'd read the word "cock" in the last five minutes. "Good." She reached for her coffee and sipped in an effort to stifle a giggle. "How was your meeting?" "He didn't go for it." Daniel's usually relaxed, jovial expression turned dark as a storm cloud. "I was warned he was difficult to deal with, but…he cut me off at the knees before I could even get the whole pitch out." "That's a shame." Her stomach clenched. As much as she wanted the best for her brother, she had a selfish reason for hoping he'd been successful. This trip could not be cut short. "I'm not going to take no for an answer." Daniel raked a hand through his hair. "I told him as much. What we're doing will totally change how people invest their money. He should be all over it." Daniel was the "face" of their invention with his business background, but their younger brother, Matthew, was the brains. A child prodigy, Matthew had completed his degree in computer science before he was legally able to drink. He'd been building computers and designing programs for as long as anyone could remember. Now, with blockchain disrupting the finance industry, Matthew's program enabled crowdsourcing for cryptocurrency price predictions, creating a whole new environment for making money. But what they needed were a few high-profile investors to get on board. If they backed the product, then others would follow. And Daniel, never one to shy away from lofty goals, had decided that some fancy Greek billionaire—she'd forgotten his name already—would be target number one. Hence the trip. "You should have brought me along to the meeting. I could have turned on the charm." Marianna winked, and Daniel's hearty laugh was so immediate and so genuine that she frowned. "It's not that hilarious." "Sis, you are many things. Smart, kind, funny…but you're not about to charm anyone into a business deal." He reached across the table and squeezed her hand. "And I wouldn't have it any other way." None of them would. Growing up in a small country town with more overprotective brothers than should be legal had meant dating prospects were nonexistent. She'd been put permanently in everyone's "too hard" basket. "Don't look at me like that. Besides, this guy is a bit of a bastard. You don't want the attention of someone like that." Daniel shook his head. "And I know the software is good enough to sell itself. I'm not going to pimp my own sister out to get his attention." "So what now?" "I've got a meeting with an ex-trader who was a big deal before he retired. I'm hoping he might have some contacts." He checked his watch. "But he lives on the north part of the island, so I'll be gone until this evening. Can I convince you to come with me? It's supposed to be beautiful up there." Her heart skipped a beat. It was like the fates had handed her the perfect window of opportunity. And there would be no need to make excuses as to why she wanted to slip away if her brother was going to be on the other side of Corfu. "Didn't you just indicate that I'd be useless in a business meeting?" Marianna raised a brow, hoping to hell that she sounded calm, and not like she was about to spend the afternoon trying to find a stranger for the purpose of having sex. Daniel blew out a puff of air. "I don't like the idea of leaving you alone for that long. We're in a strange country, and this is one language you don't speak." True. She was fluent in English, Italian, Spanish, French, and German, and could carry on basic conversation in Portuguese, Indonesian, Russian, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mandarin, but still hadn't gotten around to learning more than a few cursory phrases in Greek. It was on her list. Maybe if you hadn't spent your whole life with your nose in a book, you wouldn't be so inexperienced in dealing with people. She'd been that child—the one who preferred learning over relationships. An information sponge. Marianna liked that about herself, though perhaps she should have made some girlfriends over the years. Perhaps if she'd tried harder, she wouldn't be looking to romance novels for information about the opposite sex. And it wasn't like she could ask her best friend, Jules, about it, either. He was a guy, and they'd never ever crossed that line, even if she'd wanted to many times as a teenager. But asking him about it now would just be…weird. Hence, the romance novels. "I've got my translation app, and if there's one thing you don't need to worry about, it's me and languages." "You've got roaming turned on for your phone, right?" Daniel asked, his brows creased. His dark eyes were a mirror-image of her own, of all the Halsey kids. "Don't worry about the cost." "I'll turn it on," she promised. She drained the rest of her coffee and stood, tucking her ereader back into her handbag. Daniel looked at her sheepishly as they headed out of the café. "I know you think I'm being overprotective—" "You are." "Promise you won't go too far, okay?" "I'll be fine. I'm going to sit and read, and then I'm going to go to bed early and try to shake this jet lag." She ignored the guilt zipping through her for lying to her brother. She shouldn't feel guilty. Marianna was a grown woman, and she didn't have to account for herself. But the truth was, she'd gotten used to being protected. To being alone with her nose in a book. Back home, it had become harder and harder to meet people. To date. The weight of knowing she was so inexperienced made her incredibly self-conscious, and it had only gotten worse as time passed. Guys back home expected a woman in her mid-twenties to be confident. And Marianna had fumbled so badly the one time she'd managed to kiss a man that he'd laughed in her face. Said she kissed like an overeager puppy. Needless to say, she wasn't encouraged to try again. But that was the whole point of coming on this trip. Here, she could pretend to be anyone. In fact, she already had a fake identity planned out. She was going to be Bianca, a well-traveled, cultured language student who was enjoying a holiday in the Greek islands. And if it all went horribly wrong and she embarrassed herself again, then she could fly home and avoid the risk of awkwardly running into her lover. Her lover. The very thought of it stoked the fire already burning inside her. Excitement, trepidation, and need all twisting and turning together to create a ball of anxious energy. She wanted to go home a new woman. An experiencedwoman. "Daniel, will you go already?" She laughed, hoping it sounded genuine. "You came here to do business, not to babysit me. It's a little insulting that you think I can't take care of myself. I'm twenty-four, not fourteen." They hovered outside the café. Across the road, their hotel stood proud and white against a perfect azure sky dotted with marshmallow clouds. The streets bustled with tourists, and Marianna's gaze immediately zeroed in on a man a few feet away. Her breath stuttered at the sight of his jet-black hair and smooth olive skin. Darkness coated the sharp angle of his jaw, like a shadow. Her fingers itched to touch him, to see if the stubble was rough beneath her fingertips. And, unlike her and her brother, this man looked cool as a cucumber. There wasn't a drop of sweat on him. Her pulse quickened, and she was shocked at how quickly her body reacted. It was like someone had found the perfect marble statue of a man and brought him to life. Brought him here. For her. He looked exactly like how she'd pictured the heroes of her romance novels—tall, dark, handsome. Mysterious with an undercurrent of something deeply sensual. Like a sexy secret that needed to be uncovered. "Trust me," Daniel said, breaking into her haze of lust by bending down to plant a kiss on top of her head. "When you're well into your thirties, twenty-four will seem like a lifetime ago." "Okay, old man," she teased. "Call me if you need anything." He looked at her pointedly. "You have the number for emergency services, right?" "Yes. And the hotel concierge, and the number of the bank in case my credit card gets stolen." She cut him off from asking any more questions by holding up her hand. "The only thing you have to worry about is whether I'm going to fit in the airplane seat on the way home from all the loukoumades I'm eating." She placed a hand over her stomach. Maybe she should be a little more worried about that. She had a tendency to snack while she read, a habit cultivated during many hours spent working on her studies back home. "I'll call you when I'm on my way back," Daniel said. "Good luck." She smiled up at her brother. He worked hard and he deserved to succeed. For himself, and for their family. "I hope you bowl this guy over." Daniel left her alone, and the second he'd disappeared out into the crowd, Marianna's eye drifted back to the handsome stranger. From this angle, his profile was proud and strong. He had a straight nose, heavy brows, and full lips that curved wickedly. Her blood thrummed in her veins, and the longer she stared the more she knew thiswas the man she wanted to take to bed. Perhaps trying to seduce such a stunning man was aiming too high, but Marianna was sick of missing out on the joys of life. Instead of being the mousy country girl she was back home, she was going to be a worldly woman. Smart, intelligent, and sexy. Deserving of any man. But just as she was trying to work up the courage to approach him, he walked past. The crowd moved around her, and she stepped back to get out of the way. Trying not to feel defeated, she stuck her hand into her bag to grab her phone. But when her fingertips brushed something warm and decidedly human, she screamed and balled her fist. … Shit! Nico Gallinas dodged a small fist as it came flying in his direction. It whizzed past his ear as he stumbled back against the guy who'd been trying to pickpocket the sister of Daniel Halsey. He'd noticed a man lurking behind her, eyes laser focused on the straw bag that was sweet but stupidly designed. Way too open at the top for a busy tourist area. The second he'd seen the man stealthily slip a hand inside the bag, Nico had snatched at the man's wrist. Only the woman had mistaken him for the pickpocket. "How dare you!" She swung again, and this time it landed. It wasn't enough to make stars dance in front of his eyes, but his jaw smarted, and he stumbled back. At the same time, she yanked her bag away from him. But the pickpocket still had a grip on the handle, possibly hoping to use the commotion as an opportunity for a snatch-and-grab. "Thief!" The sound of material splitting cut through the air, and the contents of the bag exploded. Nico slipped and stumbled back. The pickpocket ducked out of his way and made a grab for the wallet, which had bounced next to Nico's foot. As the thief reached for it, Nico kicked at the man's ankles. He didn't fall, but it was enough to throw him off balance. And when the woman's shocked gaze landed on the man who was really to blame for the commotion, the thief turned on his heel and darted down an alleyway. Nico reached for the wallet, holding it out to her. What had Daniel said her name was? Marianna. "Here. You might want to consider using a more secure bag next time. Pickpockets target this area." She clamped one hand over her mouth as she accepted the wallet. "Oh my god, I am so sorry. I thought…" "You made it very clear what you thought." He shoved his hands into his pants. "I'd have to be doing more than picking pockets to afford this suit, for what it's worth." "I thought the suit was a tactic." A rosy flush filled her cheeks, and she hung her head as she bent down to pick up her things. "So you didn't look like a thief." A man and a woman had stopped to assist them in gathering her personal effects from the ground. Tissues, a tube of lipstick, sunscreen, a mobile phone. A sleeve of birth control pills. She sucked in a breath and snatched them up, quickly stuffing them into her broken bag. He noticed an ereader on the floor next to his foot, so he stooped down to collect it. In the fracas, the device must have landed on the power button. The screen showed a page of text, and when Nico squinted he let out a bark of a laugh. Miss I-Can-Pack-A-Punch was reading one hell of a book. I want you to fuck me. Hard. Take your big cock and bend me over. Her eyes widened as she looked at the device and saw it was on. "Give it to me. Now. I mean…crap. Give the ereader to me." She cringed as he handed it over, hugging it to her torso like a protective shield. "How much did you see?" "Not much," he replied. "I stopped reading after bend me over." A flush of embarrassment pinkened her cheeks, matching the pretty shade of her lips. Stunning. He especially liked the way her hands fluttered at her neck. He'd expected a woman reading such bold words to be a little more confident, but the contradiction grabbed his attention. He was always attracted to those. "Oh god." She pressed a palm to her face. "How's the jaw?" He chuckled. "I'll live. I've taken worse punches." Actually it damn well stung like a bitch, but he didn't want to make her feel bad. She'd only been trying to protect herself. And he was pretty damn impressed by her swing. It was lucky he'd even noticed her coming out of the café with Daniel Halsey, otherwise she'd have more than a broken handbag to worry about. What had her brother told her? That Nico was a cold-hearted bastard? An asshole? Probably. It's not like he could dispute it. One didn't make it to his level by being nice or by accepting every "life-changing" offer that came his way. The Australian man had come to him so full of energy and excitement, wide-eyed with naïveté. A system that could allow people to crowdsource cryptocurrency price predictions? Right, and why would Nico want to endorse that? He'd made success by learning the ropes and honing his ability to marry gut instinct with a critical mind. By doing the work. Predictions were worthless without an experienced man in possession of them, and assuming anyone could do what Nico did by simply sourcing a bunch of predictions was even more of an insult. Nico had shut the meeting down quickly. If Daniel Halsey had bothered to agree to a phone meeting first, he could have saved himself a flight. But the man had obviously assumed he could talk his way into Nico's endorsement easier in person. More fool him. "I'm sorry. I shouldn't have punched you." She bit down on her lip. "I took a few self-defense lessons at university, and I guess all that training must have been waiting for a moment to be used." Her skin was slightly damp with perspiration, and it gave her an ethereal glow. The fabric of her white sundress clung to her in patches, making the conservative cut sexier than it should have been. Nico was surprised to notice his normal urge for solitude was absent around this woman. He found himself wanting to know more about her. "Apology accepted," he replied. The crowd had dispersed now, the thief long gone. Corfu was a mostly safe place, but anywhere tourists congregated there would be someone looking to take advantage. "Can I buy you a drink to say thanks for saving my wallet?" she asked. Her dark eyes bored into him, unsettling something deep inside his chest. Nico raised a brow. Most often women expected him to buy drinks. Not that he planned on letting her pay, mind you. And any bartender in Corfu wouldn't take Nico's money even if he offered it. One of the perks of being rich enough that everyone wanted you drinking at their establishment. Not that Nico got out much these days, mind you. What had his business partner called him the other day? A hermit? But that was beside the point. He shouldn't be fraternizing with the sister of a man he'd just rejected for a business deal. There was always a chance that it could end badly. "I'm Bianca, by the way." Bianca? Nico frowned. Daniel had mentioned his sister in passing, calling her Marianna. Unless he was mistaken in assuming they were related? Daniel had kissed the top of her head with such platonic affection that Nico would have been shocked if they weren't close. "I'm Nico." He accepted her hand and closed it in his fist, surprising himself at the steady hum in his blood. From a distance, he might have simply called her pretty. But up close there was a subtle complexity to her, a depth only those with a keen eye would see. And he was a man who loved details. Long, dark hair tumbled down her back. It was so dark one might mistake it for being black, but the shade was so much more interesting than that. Sunlight bounced off strands rich with red and gold undertones, giving them a faint but fiery gleam. Her skin was incredibly fair, her eyelashes long and dark. Thick. They framed wide eyes the color of rich cocoa. Whatever this woman was playing at with her fake name, she'd officially intrigued him. "Sure, let's get a drink," he said. "But how about we find you a new bag, first?" Tour Wide GiveawayTo celebrate the release of BEAUTY AND THE GREEK BILLIONAIRE by Stefanie London, we're giving away for a $25 Amazon gift card! GIVEAWAY TERMS & CONDITIONS: Open internationally. One winner will be chosen to receive a $25 Amazon gift card. This giveaway is administered by Pure Textuality PR on behalf of Entangled Publishing. Giveaway ends 11/2/2018 @ 11:59pm EST. Entangled Publishing will send one winning prize, Pure Textuality PR will deliver the other. Limit one entry per reader and mailing address. Duplicates will be deleted. CLICK HERE TO ENTER! About Stefanie LondonSTEFANIE LONDON is the USA Today bestselling author of contemporary romance with humour, heat and heart. Growing up, Stefanie came from a family of women who loved to read. Her favourite activity was going shopping with her Nan during school holidays, where she would sit on the floor of the bookstore with her little sister and painstakingly select the books to spend her allowance on. Thankfully, Nan was a patient woman. Thus, it was no surprise Stefanie was the sort of student who would read her English books before the semester started. After sneaking several literature subjects into her 'very practical' Business degree, she got a job in Communications. When writing emails and newsletters didn't fulfil her creative urges, she turned to fiction and was finally able to write the stories that kept her mind busy at night. Now she lives with her very own hero and dreams of travelling the world. She frequently indulges in her passions for good coffee, French perfume, high heels and zombie movies. Recently she gave up her day job to write sexy, contemporary romance stories and she couldn't be happier. Newsletter | Website | Facebook | Twitter | Goodreads | Amazon Leave a Reply. |


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Post-hardcore outfit Enter Shikari formed in Hertfordshire, England in 2003. Founded from the remnants of the group Hybryd, the original lineup was comprised of vocalist Rou Reynolds, guitarist Liam "Rory" Clewlow, bassist Chris Batten, and drummer Rob Rolfe. In June 2003 Enter Shikari issued the demo EP Nodding Acquaintance, which they sold at gigs and via their website. The success of two additional self-released EPs, Sorry, You're Not a Winner and 2004's Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour, further developed their growing fan base and cemented the band's decision to go it alone, rejecting the overtures of major labels.
As Enter Shikari continued their relentless live schedule, they also embraced the social networking website MySpace, in 2006 securing a spot on the Gibson/MySpace stage at the annual Download Festival. That same summer, the group founded its own record label, Ambush Reality, and issued the digital-only single "Mothership." At year's end, Enter Shikari were just the second unsigned band to sell out the famed London Astoria.

subset: commoncrawl


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Homemade is Best by Forsman & Bodenfors, Evelina Bratell and Carl Kleiner for Ikea
Swedish furniture and homeware brand Ikea have released this 140-page cookbook featuring photographs of ingredients laid out in patterns.
Called Homemade is Best, the project was a collaboration between creative agency Forsman & Bodenfors, stylist Evelina Bratell and photographer Carl Kleiner.
The book contains 30 Swedish recipes for cakes and biscuits.
Photos of ingredients laid out in a style inspired by Japanese minimalism are followed by photography of the completed treats.
All photographs are by Carl Kleiner.
Here's some more from Forsman & Bodenfors:
We wanted to ensure a connection between Ikea's kitchen appliances and one of the best things you can do in a kitchen, some great baking.
So the main attraction in the campaign became a 140 page coffee-table baking book presented in a very visually unique and spectacular way.
90% of all the photographs taken in baking books look extremly alike.
We wanted to try something different and present the recipes in a totally new fashion.
We let ourselves be inspired by high fashion and japanese minimalism.
The idea of the book became to tone down the actual cake and put the ingredients in focus.
The recipes are presented as graphic still-life portraits on a warm and colourful stage.
And when you turn the page you see the fantastic result.
The baking book contains 30 classic swedish baking recipes everything from small biscuits to large cakes.
Client: Ikea, Joel Idén
Agency: Forsman & Bodenfors, Sweden
Art director: Staffan Lamm, Christoffer Persson
Copywriter: Fredrik Jansson, Anders Hegerfors
Account director: Susanna Fagring
Account manager: Ewa Edlund
Retouch: Factory, Henrik Lagerberg
Photographer: Carl Kleiner
Stylist: Evelina Bratell
See also:
Ikea PS Collection in Milan |
Well Done: a food company annual report |
All our book competitions |


text: Gone are the days when a phone would last you a lifetime and enter the days of glass covered mobile phones built to be sexy and sophisticated. With these new phones come new testing methods. Companies like Nokia are still dedicated to making the best phones possible and making them durable through vigorous testing. The example shown in the article, is simulating a phone dropping from a shirt pocket onto the floor. Nokia claims to use 200 endurance tests encompassing temperature, extreme usage (use this button pusher for you own test), physical drops, and exposure to humidity on each new model in their product line. Makes one wonder what other companies are using for their endurance tests. There's video of the Nokia N8 Drop Test is after the break, and don't forget to leave a comment if you know about other interesting test methods.


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Kingdom Fungi
Though the appearance of many fungi may resemble plants, they are probably more closely related to animals. Fungi are not capable of performing photosynthesis, so must get their nourishment from other sources. Many fungi absorb nutrients directly from t he soil. Many others feed on dead and decaying organisms and therefore have an important role in the recycling of nutrients in natural systems. Still others feed on living organisms. Athlete's foot is a common fungus which feeds on a living host - you!When you think of fungi, you probably think of the mushrooms we can buy at the supermarket or hunt for in the woods. However, those "mushrooms" are really just special structures called "fruiting bodies" produced by the fungus for reproduction. The rest of the fungus (and the biggest part) lives below the ground.
Fungi come in a wide variety of sizes and forms, and many have great economic importance. Tiny, one-celled yeasts are important for baking breads and fermenting wines, beers and vinegars. Many medicines are produced with the help of fungi, most notably,
the antibiotic, Penicillin. If you leave your bread on the counter too long, you'll be able to observe a relative of the Penicillium mold for yourself!


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Interlibrary Loan (Students)
Log in and request an item here
First time user? Register here
Phone: 225-578-8815
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com or email@example.com
OCLC Code: LUL
Paul M. Hebert Law Center Library
Louisiana State University
1 East Campus Drive
Baton Rouge, LA 70803
Interlibrary loan supports the research and course-related activity of the LSU Law community by obtaining photocopies and short-term loans of materials that are not available at LSU. Interlibrary Loan (ILL) borrowing is available to LSU Law Center faculty, students, and staff. If a patron needs a book or copy of an article that is not available within the LSU Library system, library staff can attempt to borrow from another library. We advise you to check with a reference librarian prior to completing an ILL request form. Reference Librarians can assist you with locating materials within the LSU Libraries as well as with locating full-ext electronic resources. Obtaining materials through LSU Libraries is faster than waiting for the arrival of Interlibrary Loan materials.
Faculty and students affiliated with other LSU system campus are encouraged to request interlibrary loan service from their school library.
Requesting Material
Requests should be submitted via our web form at: https://louis.hosts.atlas-sys.com/illiad/LUL/logon.html. If you are a first time LSU Law ILLiad User, you will need to create a username and password here before submitting your requests.
Generally, ILL is intended for borrowing material that is not available on this campus, however exceptions may be made. If an item is noted as missing in the Law Library or the LSU Libraries catalogs, make note of this in the Notes field on your request form, e.g., "catalog indicates copy is missing."
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There is no limit to the total number of items that a patron may request through interlibrary loan, as long as the privilege is not abused and requests abide by U.S. Copyright Laws. The library may only order five articles per year from a single journal (published within the most recent five years) without having to pay a copyright fee. Please keep this in mind when submitting photocopy requests.
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Books are generally sent by UPS or U.S. Mail, which can take 1-2 weeks for your loan to arrive. International requests may take longer. Photocopies are usually sent by e-mail, fax, or other electronic means and may arrive within 2-3 days. The ILL staff assumes that all material is needed in a timely manner and makes every effort to get the material to this campus in the shortest time possible. If a request is marked by the patron as a RUSH, staff will place a priority on the request, however there are no guarantees that the material will arrive any faster.
Students and staff will receive an email notification when requested material has arrived. The material may be picked up at the Law Library Circulation Desk. For faculty, requested material is delivered to their offices. Photocopied material is sent electronically to the e-mail address listed on the patron's ILLiad record.
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The loan period is set by the lending library. In most circumstances, books are loaned for 4 weeks. You will find the due date marked on the book band.
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The second overdue notice is sent during the second week that the item is past due, and ILLiad privileges are blocked automatically in the system until the item is returned.
Please limit your renewal requests to two per loan. Renewal requests can be sent to firstname.lastname@example.com or email@example.com or submitted electronically via your ILLiad patron record. Please include the ILL number, which is noted on the book band. Library staff will contact the lending library and ask permission to renew the item. Patrons will be informed of the outcome of the renewal request by the library staff. Renewals are usually granted for an additional 2-4 weeks.
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IN LIBRARY USE: Occasionally a lender will require that material be used in the library only. Patrons will be notified that the material is in the Law Library Rare Book Room.
PHOTOCOPYING: Some libraries will not permit photocopying. This will be noted on the book band.
NO RENEWALS: If no renewals are permitted, this will be noted on the book band.
Returning ILL Material
All borrowed material is to be returned to the Law Library Circulation Desk. Patrons with unreturned books or books that were damaged while in their possession will be charged replacement/repair costs determined by the lending library and, in addition, a processing fee.
Items Not Available Through Interlibrary Loan
Occasionally we are not able to obtain material that is requested. If the title is in keeping with our Collection Development Policy we may be able to purchase the item. Patrons will be notified if this is the case. If there is a problem with a citation, the patron will be referred to Reference staff for assistance. Source citers may be encouraged to contact the author of the piece.
Non-LSU Libraries, Organizations, and Individuals
We selectively provide interlibrary lending to other libraries, academic institutions, government and non-profit entities as well as for-profit organizations. We do not accept requests from individuals. If you are not affiliated with an institution and wish to borrow material from the Law Library, please contact your local library to place a request.


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Hello from Long Lane Honey Bee Farms. We are David & Sheri Burns, working hard to help others enjoy being beekeepers!
With winter gone and spring finally here, we are starting to dig out of winter. We live in Central Illinois...the North! People who live up north are a different lot of folks. In the fall, we look forward to winter because we like the changing seasons. We get tired of the hot, dry days of summer. In the fall, we welcome winter because the first snow is beautiful. But by the end of winter, we hate it. We are tired of snow and cold temperatures. In March and April, we fuss and complaint about lingering winter cold snaps. So by digging out, I mean we are cleaning up and shifting our honey bee farm from winter mode to summer mode. As you'll see in some upcoming photos, we clean out hives by shaking out the bees that gave their lives keeping the place warm during our harsh winters, but didn't live to see spring. Spring is fun and always forward-looking. New flowers, green grass, the smell o f dirt being tilled up for a garden, and the fragrant smell of Easter Lillies all cause us to feel better and to live better as we eagerly face another great bee season.
Bees are out and here's one on a Box Elder plant. Her back legs are stuffed full of pollen and she's hoping to find some nectar in the small flower. You can click on the photo to enlarge it. My wife, Sheri, has planted a few of these plants around our house and the bees love it.
We are still expecting Dandelions to bloom any time and that will send the bees out if full throttle. Also, we are near many maple trees and they are an early provider of nectar if a late frost does not kill the maple flower.
Every winter we experiment with beehive survivability. I believe beekeepers lose more hives to winter die-outs than all other problems combined. In fact, many beekeepers are caught on a dreadful treadmill, a rat race of methods that are proving to be be unsuccessful. Something has to change! The idea of a sustainable bee farm seems impossible, but it is not.
Beekeepers are a breed of folks who will not give up. Our tenacity and persistence can be very beneficial. Yet, when we become so stubborn that we refuse to re-tool our methods, we might be the reason so many of our colonies are disappearing.
It is my opinion that we are too quick to think that dumping medication and pesticides in the hive will solve all our problems. Our culture has taught us that there is a pill for every ill. Some medications do heal, if used temporally. But when we become dependent upon medications the balance of nature is upset.
I believe years of dumping medications and pesticides in the hive has now produce new problems. Wax is absorbent. We now know that what we put into the hive stays within the wax. We know that some harsh chemicals that were put into the hive years ago still lingers in the wax and we also now know that certain chemicals used to control mites can effect the drone and queen's ability to reproduce. Come on, enough is enough.
I was once told that people will change only when they have hurt enough. Finally, beekeepers have hurt enough. Beekeepers are tired of watching 50% of their hives die. The answer is not to do it all the same next year and hope for better results. The momentum is shifting to a new and modern type of beekeeping which I have subscribed to for years. But what's really interesting is that the new and modern way is really a return to the old ways, a more simplistic and natural way of keeping bees. This is at the heart of our honey bee farm and, in my opinion, will bring hope back to sustainable beekeeping.
In our operation here's what we subscribe to: 1) We use no medication on our hives 2) We are working hard to raise queens that have proven genetics for survivability and 3) We are using IPM (Integrated Pest Management) solutions that are natural and safe. So, I'll focus on number two above.
Here's a picture of the queens that we raise. You can click on the image to see a larger photo. I've heard people refer to older people who are tough and strong as "pioneer stock". It's a way of saying that early settlers went through a lot of challenges, harsh winters and diseases but survived the worst of circumstances.
That's why we finally decided to name our queens and call them "Pioneer Queens". There are several definitions for pioneer in the dictionary. One says, "Leading the way; trailblazing". We hope to join many others, like us, who feel the importance of seeking greater diversity within the queen genetics, traits and characteristics that show resistance toward pests, diseases and harsh winters. Most of our pioneer queens are dark in color, more along the line of being Carniolan or Russian. We open air mate our queens and this year we are planting mother drone colonies around to control genetics a bit more.
If you are interested in purchasing one of our Pioneer queens, please call. We plan to start grafting the last week of April and will start having queens available mid to late May through September.
Here my daughter Karee is setting up more hives to expand our numbers this year. Here in Central Illinois it's time to head out to the hives and clean up. It's not quite time to reverse the deep hive bodies because we still might have some cold snaps. And you NEVER want to reverse the hive bodies when the brood nest extends into both boxes. I have hives that overwintered in various ways. Some clusters have moved all the way to the top box, which on some of my hives are medium supers. Others are in the top of the deep second deep hive body, and others have expanded their brood nest into every square inch in the hive.
Here's a picture of a hive that has a brood nest all the way through all boxes. Even the lower box is full of bees and brood. So, I do not reverse this hive. I simply keep it all the same. They are in good shape just to start up fast when the nectar flow starts. These hives will need to be split because they came out of winter already overcrowded. We sometimes cause this to happen by fooling the colony with brood patties and sugar water. Thus, the bees think they can start building up since pollen and nectar are available.
Here in the north, a typical colony would have moved up into the highest area in the hive leaving the lower section(s) unoccupied and the bottom board full of dead bees. If the hive has three boxes on, like the one in the picture, most of the bees will try to go in and out of the hive higher up so as not to go through the bottom boxes and near the dead bees. See how these bees are moving in and out through a crack at the top.
Let me walk you through how I clean up hives and "set" them for spring. First, I remove the bottom, unoccupied deep hive body by taking off the upper boxes. It was cool day to work, about 49 degrees and windy.
The hive in the picture to the left was hard to do because the second deep box had no handles so I had to hug it to move it. It was a strain. The reason the box doesn't have handles is because I bought a bunch of used materials years ago and this one didn't have handles. When it is full of honey, you cannot pick it up.
Once I have the upper boxes off which contain the cluster, the overwintered bees, queen and brood, I then take off the lower empty hive body and set it aside, which exposes the bottom board. The bottom boards can be filled with dead bees, those who died of old age and cold snaps. Last year, this bottom board was accidentally put on upside down which makes the screen sit below the actual bottom surface. A family member was helping in a hurry and didn't notice what they hand done.
So when the dead bee fell in this pocket, the bees did not attempt to drag them up and out, so I scraped them out with my hive tool. I carry a bucket of bleach water and thorough clean my hive tool and hands between each hive just in case nosema spores may be present in early spring.
Now I added another small pallet to the one it was on, because pallets sink a bit every year into the ground and another one is due to bring up the hive about 6" above the ground.
Now, I begin to muscle the handle-less hive back
onto the clean bottom board and once it is in place I will begin to inspect the hive. It is not uncommon to find dead bees throughout the hive even though the cluster is fine. Small pockets of frozen bees and sometimes be found, usually caused by a winter warmup followed by a rapid temperature drop which did not allow enough time for the bees all to recluster in one cluster.
This is what I found in this hive. So, I removed the frames of dead bees, scraping the bees and comb away. When the nectar flow starts, they will quickly repair all of these areas in the comb.
You can see the honey in the comb where they have been eating it, but then this group of bees were too small to stay warm. In the picture they look alive, but believe me they were not. Since I use plastic foundation, I can merely scrap out the comb on this side and it just leaves a small bald area that the bees will quickly repair.
It is very important that old, dead bees be cleaned out of the hive as soon as you can do that on a warm day. The bees will do it themselves eventually, but we feel it cuts down on possible spread of disease or moisture. Believe me, all beekeepers who have ever lost a hive know the smell of rotting bees. Clean up your hives!
In our next lesson we'll give several ways to make splits. That's what we'll be doing in the next few weeks, so we'll give you some pointers.
It was a pleasure to met many new beekeepers who dropped by our place over the last few weeks. We had fun talking with Leo from who stopped by driving up from Texas and Leo is a big fan of Studio Bee Live. Leo strongly encouraged us to get on the ball and get more broadcast aired and believe me we want to! We'll try and get on that!!
If you are still needing to purchase your hive equipment, do so as soon as possible. You can call us at: 217-427-2678 or go on to our website at: http://www.honeybeesonline.com and purchase online.
To order our Pioneer queen, just call us at: 217-427-2678.
Until next time, remember to bee-have yourself!
David & Sheri Burns
Long Lane Honey Bee Farms
14556 N. 1020 E. Road
Fairmount, IL 61841
(217) 427-2678
EMAIL: email@example.com


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Wednesday's announcement that Toyota will pay $1.2 billion to avoid criminal prosecution for hiding information in a recall case could be a glimpse into General Motors' future. It's also a warning to anyone selling cars in America: Although the U.S. government's road-safety watchdog doesn't have big fangs, the Justice Department does.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's maximum fine for hiding information is $35 million, a pittance to automakers. But the Justice Department can reach deeper into an automaker's wallet and hurt its reputation with damning public statements.
Read: U.S. Files Charge Against Toyota, $1.2B Penalty
Shortly after the announcement, Attorney General Eric Holder issued an apparent warning to GM and other automakers, saying the Toyota deal was "not necessarily the only time we will use this approach."
General Motors Co., which is facing a federal criminal probe over delays in recalling small cars with a deadly ignition switch problem, has many parallels to the Toyota case.
Toyota got into trouble for withholding information from NHTSA about floor mats that can trap gas pedals and make cars accelerate wildly, and for concealing a problem with sticky gas pedals that can cause unwanted acceleration. According to court records, the company recalled some models for the floor mats while knowing that others had the same problem.
At GM, the company has admitted knowing about the ignition-switch problem for more than a decade, yet it failed to recall 1.6 million small cars until last month. During the wait, at least a dozen people died in crashes because the faulty switches moved out of the run position, disabling power steering and brakes. Air bags also didn't inflate.
"We now see what GM may be facing," said Peter Henning, a law professor at Wayne State University in Detroit and a former Justice Department prosecutor. "If you have comparable conduct inside the company, the government is going to come down hard."
The Toyota payment changes the model for regulating auto safety in the U.S. Before Wednesday, safety issues had been almost the exclusive domain of NHTSA. Now, the government has raised the stakes with criminal actions, Henning said.
"GM has to be concerned what kind of a hit there is going to be to the bottom line," said Henning, who predicted that GM's penalty could rise toward $2 billion because its recall delays lasted longer than Toyota's.
The Toyota penalty is a "game changer" that will force automakers to take notice, said Clarence Ditlow, executive director of the nonprofit Center for Auto Safety. "Until today, automakers faced insignificant fines and no criminal penalties," he said.
Even with a $1.2 billion penalty, the bigger issue for both GM and Toyota is damage to reputations.
Before a highly publicized 2009 unintended acceleration crash that killed a California Highway Patrol officer and three family members, Toyota was known by all for reliability, and it was gobbling up sales and market share in the U.S.
The crash triggered the recall of more than 10 million vehicles and raised suspicions about Toyota's safety. From 2010 through 2012, NHTSA fined the company a total of $66 million for safety-related violations, further harming its reputation.
Since the California crash, Toyota's U.S. market share has dropped more than four percentage points, to 13.3 percent last month. Today, a single point of market share equals more than 150,000 cars and trucks, the equivalent of millions in profits every year.
And Wednesday's statements from the Justice Department likely will raise further suspicions about Toyota.
In court documents, prosecutors said Toyota misled customers by assuring them that it had addressed the root cause of the acceleration problems, while knowing that cars outside the recall had the same problems. Toyota did this to defend its brand image after the California crash, the documents said.
"In other words, Toyota confronted a public-safety emergency as it if were a simple public-relations problem," Holder said Wednesday at a news conference.
Toyota says it has put reforms in place to make sure this doesn't happen again.
But statements like Holder's must have GM worried about damage to its brand image and a hit to its stock price.
The company has tried to portray itself as transparent, submitting to NHTSA two chronologies admitting mistakes. Its new CEO has apologized several times to families of those injured or killed in crashes. The company has also placed safety in the hands of a single executive and hired outside legal counsel to investigate its conduct.
Still, in just one day last week, GM's stock value fell 5 percent, reducing the total value of the company by $3.2 billion, according to Barclays analyst Brian Johnson.
Itay Micheli, an analyst for Citi Research, wrote that only about one percentage point of Toyota's market share slide came from the recall crisis. Toyota blames the drop on an artificially high market share in 2009 due to high gas prices that boosted sales of its fuel-efficient models.
"The GM situation is far from an easy call, but we think the risk of Toyota-like share losses would only come into play if the headline situation materially worsens," Micheli wrote.
GM's brands also aren't as strong as Toyota's were at the time of the recalls. Before bankruptcy, GM cars had a reputation for poor reliability, although the company has made great strides toward erasing that.
GM's recalls, at 1.6 million worldwide, are far smaller than Toyota's, so the cost to the company will be far less. GM said Wednesday it would take a $300 million charge this quarter for the small-car recall and several others.
Also, Toyota had to recall models that were on sale at the time. GM has tried to distance itself from the recalled cars, saying they were made years ago by the old GM, the one that went into bankruptcy protection.
Even with the settlement, the ordeal isn't over for Toyota, and it's just starting for GM. Both companies still face lawsuits over the recalls, and they will see bad publicity every time there's a verdict. GM, though, is not liable for legal claims from crashes that occurred before it left bankruptcy in July 2009. Such claims would go to a trust formed to settle claims against the pre-bankruptcy company.
However, lawyers are researching whether they can prove that GM knew about the ignition-switch problem during the bankruptcy but did not disclose it to the judge. In that case, the new GM might be liable for older claims.


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I have two questions for Clarification for AE mode choice criteria
GCM : it appears to be actually the most popular and widely used AE mode of operation. however it is also well-known to be highly sensitive (more than other AE modes ?) to IV uniqueness requirement and completely fails if such requirement is not respected'. I personally in regard with planned target domain of application consider this as a weakness . So such weakness should not weight in the criteria for AE mode selection ? Remain GCM the one of most powerful AE mode despite this weakness ? Isn't EAX or OCB if no more patented a more efficient & secure choice ?
CCM : I understood via such mode review that it is based on MacThenEncrypt procedure (CBC-MAC then CTR ) . So why is such mode always presented as candidate AE mode if only Encrypt-Then-Mac procedure seems actually recommended by cryptography experts ?


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Help save our 108 year old barn by getting it Landmark Status
Our 108 year old barn is about to be bought by realtors, and will most likely be torn down if I can't reach my goal on time. Landmark status would insure that the barn could not be sold as commercial property and torn down. Please support us in trying to get landmark status and save our barn for the animals and the community.I mentor the community children, Senior Citizens have a place to come and feel useful and Cancer patients like to spend time here after their kimo treatments. Everyone is welcome here. We are not a corporate entity, we are here for the community. If we are able to get landmark status we would be able to make sure the barn is preserved, and have enough time to use our rights of refusal inorder to keep the barn for the community. Let Landmarks Preservation Commission Chairman The Honorable Robert B Tierney know that you believe in preserving this piece of history and important part of the community. Tell him to give Landmark status to The Western Riding Club Located at 169-38 Pidgeon Road Queens NY


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How much hotter it is than normal for an area better predicts the deaths and pre-term births linked to heat waves than just how hot it is, according to a study published today in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives.
The new study identified which of 15 published heat wave definitions were most closely associated with non-accidental deaths and pre-term births found in Alabama vital records, along with what those definitions had in common. Non-accidental deaths were measured because they tend to result from a combination of disease, aging and heat, as opposed to those more closely linked to social factors, like car crashes and suicides. Preterm births have been linked to heat as well, with one theory holding that heat and dehydration trigger contractions.
"Heat alerts are issued based on weather forecasts and provide a warning to the public that it may soon get hot enough to be dangerous," said Julia Gohlke , Ph.D., assistant professor in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences within the UAB School of Public Health at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, and corresponding study author. "It makes sense then that alerts based on a heat wave definition that better predicts adverse health outcomes would better protect the public."
According to the National Weather Service, heat waves cause hundreds of deaths per year in the United States. The weather service and state health departments are looking for ways to more effectively warn local communities about extreme heat. Hot weather and humidity reduce the body's ability to cool, with some research suggesting that it may exacerbate heart disease and breathing problems.
Meteorologists and public health researchers have studied heat waves for different reasons in recent decades, with the result that there is no standard definition.
"The lack of consensus makes it harder for scientists to track the impact of heat on public health and for authorities to communicate the risks to communities," said Shia Kent, Ph.D., a postdoctoral scholar in Gohlke's group and first author on the paper.
Definition matters
Statistical analyses revealed that heat waves defined by how much hotter it is than normal (relative) in a given locale had a statistically significant, positive association with the two health outcomes, and that those using absolute temperature did not.
Along the same lines, heat wave definitions based on average temperature across a 24-hour period (daytime and nighttime heat) better predicted non-accidental deaths and pre-term births than did any single temperature reading recorded during that period, perhaps because hot nights provide no relief. The study also found that heat waves defined by temperature alone better predicted heat-related health problems than did those that included humidity and wind speed.
In a glimpse at the potential impact of an evidence-based heat wave definition, the new study found that a heat wave defined as an average daily temperature hotter than 98 percent of all days since 1990 in a given ZIP code for two days in a row was associated with a 32.4 percent increase in the number of premature births found in public records when compared to non-heat wave days. A heat wave defined as an average daily temperature hotter than 90 percent of all days since 1990 in a given ZIP code for two days in a row was associated with a 3.7 percent increase in non-accidental deaths, again compared to non-heat wave days.
Determining heat-related health risk by ZIP code made for a much more accurate analysis of heat impact on health than did past studies that recorded temperature in one place — the weather station at the nearest airport — meant to represent several surrounding communities. The current study achieved a by-ZIP-code grid of heat wave definitions using a NASA temperature data set that combines satellite and ground data. Ben Zaitchik and Tiffany Smith in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Johns Hopkins University, experts in the use of the NASA tool, partnered with the UAB team for the study.
Better by region
The South has experienced more heat wave days from 1979 to 2011 than have other regions in the United States, according to another recent study by the JHU team and Gohlke.
"Other studies have found that heat waves have more dire consequences in the urban north, but our study suggests that the question should be further studied by region," said Gohlke. "Our specific study results apply to Alabama, and we have met with the Birmingham office of the National Weather Service and the Alabama Department of Public Health about the potential for changing the definition used to trigger heat alerts here. Nationally, studies like ours can give local NWS offices information based on local health records to help them decide when to issue heat alerts."
Lastly, the team found heightened risk of deaths and pre-term births in both urban and rural areas as temperatures rose, highlighting the need for better heat wave response systems in both places.
"The field has focused on cities because developed land heats up quicker, but people in rural areas may be more likely to be outdoors and farther from the nearest hospital if something goes wrong," said Gohlke.
"The public often views severe weather as the only dangerous weather, but the research at UAB clearly indicates that heat-related deaths and illnesses are continuing in large numbers," said Kevin Laws, science operation officer at the NWS Forecast Office in Birmingham. "As scientists, we often struggle with meaningful definitions for weather, especially when determining critical thresholds like heat waves. We will integrate the UAB study results into our definitions with the goal of saving more lives."
"We agree that a better understanding of the heightened risk of deaths and preterm births from excessive heat will help to improve health outcomes," said Jim McVay, DrPA, director of the Bureau of Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases within the ADPH.
Along with Gohlke and Kent, Leslie McClure helped to design the statistical analyses. The work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R21 ES020205)


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Google usually displays a list of links below the top search result for navigational queries. "The links shown below some sites in our search results, called sitelinks, are meant to help users navigate your site. Our systems analyze the link structure of your site to find shortcuts that will save users time and allow them to quickly find the information they're looking for," explains a help page.
The feature has been updated frequently: it initially included four links, then it started to display the web addresses, the number of sitelinks doubled in 2007 and last year Google added search boxes.
For some queries, Google reverted to the initial compact format and it shows four sitelinks on a single line. What's more interesting is that sitelinks are no longer displayed just for the top search result.
Yahoo and Live Search have a similar feature and they also show the main sections of a Wikipedia article. "One common thread behind the use of sitelinks by all three search engines is that the concept behind providing internal site links to pages on a site that shows up in search results is to improve the searching experience of people looking for information by providing links to pages within a site that searchers likely would want to find," suggests SEO by the Sea. Search engines generate sitelinks based on the navigational links from a site, sitemaps, traffic data and other sources.
Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 5: The best features
4 hours ago


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Smoking, an established risk factor for colon cancer, may induce specific epigenetic changes and gene mutations that may be involved in the development of colon cancer, according to an online study published June 29 in the Journal of The National Cancer Institute.
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for colorectal cancer, with a recent meta-analysis estimating that people who currently smoke or smoked in the past are 18% more likely to develop colorectal cancer than non-smokers. But few studies have looked at the effect smoking may have on the specific molecular pathways of colorectal cancer. This study investigated how smoking may cause colorectal cancer at the molecular level.
To explore the molecular pathways of smoking-related colorectal cancer, Paul J. Limburg, M.D., of the Mayo Clinic, and colleagues, evaluated smoking patterns among women in the Iowa Women's Health Study (IWHS), who were between the ages of 55 and 69 years. They looked at the age at which women started smoking, the average number of cigarettes per day and per year.
The researchers sent a questionnaire to the 98,029 women enrolled in IWHS as of January 1986, to which 43% or 41,836 women responded. Non-smokers constituted 66% of the respondents, with 34% identifying themselves as active or former smokers.
The researchers found that there was only a modest association between cigarette smoking and overall colorectal cancer incidence but that smoking was strongly associated with a certain subtype of colorectal cancer, namely tumors that had high levels of microsatellite instability (MSI), epigenetic changes (alterations that do not affect the DNA sequence), and BRAF mutations.
The authors write that the results "have provided additional support that cigarette smoking is a risk factor for colorectal cancer but further indicate that the smoking-related risk may pertain to specific molecularly defined colorectal cancer subtypes that develop through epigenetically mediated carcinogenic pathways."
Furthermore, they write: "These findings indicate that epigenetic modification may be functionally involved in smoking-related colorectal carcinogenesis."
The sub-type of colorectal cancer that emerged in the study is more prevalent among older women, making them a rich sample pool for studies. However, for that same reason, the authors caution against generalizing the results to the general public.
The study could have important clinical implications: "Emerging colorectal cancer screening technologies, such as stool assays that are based on methylation markers [signs of epigenetic changes] might be particularly informative for patients with a history of prolonged tobacco use," the authors write.
In an accompanying editorial, C. Richard Boland, M.D. and Ajay Goel, Ph.D., of Baylor University Medical Center, write: "The most important message to take from the study by Limsui et al. is that colorectal cancer is a complex collection of diseases and that causation might be different for each of the categories. Cigarette smoking is associated with a specific subset of these tumors."
Boland and Goel point out that although there is a lot to understand in terms of how smoking interacts with other environmental factors, such as diet, in causing colon cancer, "the methylation pathway is particularly interesting because epigenetic changes, unlike point mutations and chromosomal rearrangements, are potentially reversible. Our task now is to understand how to translate these findings into improved screening and prevention-based strategies."
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At the core of Jerry Gaus's "The Range of Justice" is a twofold contention. The positive portion of that contention is that proper philosophizing can inform us about which packages of principles would characterize a just society and which packages of principles would characterize an unjust society. Proper political philosophizing can inform us about what is within and what is without the range of justice. The negative portion of Gaus's core contention is that proper philosophizing cannot deliver the sort of conclusion that, as Gaus sees it, every sectual political philosopher seeks. As Gaus sees it, every sectual political philosopher offers at least a fairly thick and contentful vision of the just society and sets out to demonstrate that a society will be just if and only if it conforms to this thick and contentful vision. Gaus seems to me to be saying that, insofar as the classical liberal philosopher[1] favors one point along the range of justice, this theorist is one of these many overly ambitious sectual theorists.
So the bad news that "The Range of Justice" delivers to classical liberal thinkers is that they cannot possibly show the unique reasonableness of their position. On the other hand, there are two bits of good news. One bit is that, although good political philosophizing excludes many doctrines about justice from the "eligible set" of political doctrines, sound theorizing includes classical liberalism within that set. For Gaus, this is to say that classical liberalism is one of the positions that each member of the public has reason to accept—even if there are also other positions that each has reason to accept (but not, of course, at the same time). As I understand Gaus, the second bit of good news for the classical liberal is that all the other members of the eligible set are not very distant from classical liberalism. The range of eligible positions is not made up of discontinuous points scattered over the total landscape of proposed conceptions of justice. It seems, therefore, that although classical liberals may have to mature enough to live with market-friendly moderate interventionists, they will not have to grow up as much as Marxists and friends of the Corporate State.
One thing that has to be appreciated about Gaus's position is the extent to which it is a meta-theoretical view. He has a view about how sensible political philosophy must be done and his primary complaint against most other political philosophers is that they are not following the one sensible and pretty much recently blazed path for political theorizing. On this meta-theoretical view, it is a profound mistake for the philosopher to set out to discover correct normative principles. The natural rights theorist who seeks to discover the most fundamental moral rights, the utilitarian who seeks to detect the common end that we all ought to promote, and the egalitarian who seeks to uncover the distributive rule that all persons must serve all make the same deep mistake of seeking some discoverable, detectible, uncoverable moral truth. At least lots of the sectuality in political philosophy is due to this common, deep, and longstanding mistake about the nature of the enterprise.
In contrast, as Gaus sees it, correct normative principles are not so much discovered as they are constituted; ultimately interpersonal normative principles are constituted by the convergence on them of the reasonable assessments of the agents who will be subject to those principles. Nor is the reasonableness of agents who converge on some package of principles a matter of those agents all discovering the correctness of certain principles. To think of the converging agents in that way is to slip back into the deeply mistaken discovery conception of moral investigation. Rather, an agent will have reason to accept a certain body of principles if and only if a social world structured by those principles will make things better from the perspective of that agent's given "evaluative considerations."[2] A package of principles will be converged upon only if a world structured by those principles will make things better from the perspective of every agent's evaluative considerations.
Properly conducted political philosophy is, then, an inquiry into the deliverances of "public reason." This is not the reason of some mysterious public person; it is the convergence of the reason of all members of the relevant public—where the reason of each individual is itself constituted by that individual's evaluative considerations. Gaus takes this focus on public reason—which he sees as emerging primarily from the work of John Rawls—to be a fundamental correction to all or most traditional political philosophizing. Finally, political philosophy is on the proper path.
Why is the public reason path also the path of political liberalism? The answer is that, according to the public reason approach, any political principle under which individuals may be subject to constraint or intervention—for example, the principle that one may be restrained if one is engaged in unprovoked killing—will be justifiable only if it is justifiable to each individual who may be subject to that principle. And it will be justifiable to each individual only if in the case of each individual her evaluative considerations provide her with reason to accept that principle.
A major impetus to the idea that justification of principles must be justification to each individual is the radical diversity among individuals in modern pluralistic societies with respect to their values, aspirations, and (even) their attachment to principles. Since no one concatenation of values, aspirations, and honored rules is privileged, showing that some such concatenations give the individuals with those evaluative considerations reason to accept a certain principle is not enough to justify it. If the justification of principles depends on their conformity to evaluative considerations and each person's differing evaluative considerations have equal standing, then a justified principle must conform to everyone's evaluative considerations.
However, as Gaus sees it, the very diversity that supports the requirement that principles may not be put into operation unless they are justifiable to all precludes there being just one package of principles that each has reason to accept. Thus, we get to the bad news that even fans of packages of principles that make it into the eligible set—as classical liberalism does—are going to have to do some growing up. They are going to have to become mature enough to face and live with the fact that theirs is not the uniquely reasonable position.
I want now to turn to some problems that seem to exist for Gaus's position—at least as I understand it. The first problem is that Gaus seems to ignore a deep difference between the classical liberal accommodation of radical diversity of personal ends and visions of the good life and the typical sectual demand that individuals have to sacrifice their personal projects and commitments for the sake of promoting certain politically favored substantive ideals of life or substantive visions of the good. Some of these latter theorists offer detailed prescriptions about the modes of life into which the state should mold its citizens. Others merely (!) point to some allegedly common end or set of ends—like the aggregate happiness or the maximization of the income of those in the lowest income group or the equalization of welfare—which the state ought to insure that people serve. The common element among all these theorists is the elevation of certain substantive goals or aspirations to political ends that individuals are to be required to advance despite the diversity of their individual evaluative considerations. For this reason, each of these doctrines can be charged with failing to take seriously the diversity of people's personal goals and aspirations.
In contrast, classical liberalism eschews the elevation any substantive ends to the status of mandatory social goals. It does this by focusing on precluding means rather than mandating ends. At least as a first approximation, the classical liberal stance is that individuals and associations may go for any ends whatsoever but not by means that preclude others from going for their chosen ends. Only those ends are precluded that inherently involve the deployment of forbidden means, such as the end of being the most skilled random killer in human history. Advocates of such a classical liberalism can plausibly claim that their view uniquely takes seriously and accommodates the radical diversity of persons' goals and aspirations that Gaus himself seeks to exploit.
Of course, more has to be said on behalf of these constraints on the means that individuals may employ in the pursuit of their respective ends than pointing out that focusing on them is a way of avoiding the enshrinement of mandatory social ends. Looking ahead, perhaps abiding by such constraints can be shown to be a reasonable response to others' existence as free and equal moral persons. In addition, there will of course be disputes about how exactly to articulate those constraints that, according to classical liberalism, are the primary business of legal institutions to enforce. However, we should note that nothing within this approach commits the classical liberal to the view that there is one best articulation of these constraints that it is the job of philosophy to identify.
I have presented the present case for classical liberalism as an instance of the old, but child-like, kind of political philosophizing that Gaus disavows. However, we can recast the argument as an appeal to the test of mature Gausian public reason. All we have to do is to envision that the proposal to order society on the basis of precluded means rather than enshrined ends is being put before each member of the public and then inquire whether or not all of those members will have reason to accept the proposal given their evaluative considerations. I think that a second problem with Gaus's overall view is that, when we recast this classical liberal argument into a proposal that is being put to the Gausian public reason test, this swell argument seems to fail. It seems to fail precisely because some members of the public—like our friend whose central goal is to be a magnificent random killer—will have at the core of their evaluative considerations ends that inherently involve violations of the proposed constraints. So, these individuals will not have reason to accept the proposal and, therefore, the proposal will not qualify as public reason.
I have been careful to say that it seems that the classical liberal proposal will fail the Gausian test because my example of the individual who aspires to be a champion killer points us to deeper yet issues within the Gausian system—issues of which there are only hints within "The Range of Justice." At the core of these issues is the role played within the system by the thought or the sense that human beings are free and equal moral persons.
As I understand it, what is crucial for Gaus is not the (discoverable) morally portentous fact that we all are free and equal moral persons. Rather what is crucial is all or almost all of us having a (possibly unrecognized) sense of ourselves as all being free and equal moral persons. For all or almost all of us—perhaps even for the aspiring champion killer —this portentous attitude is deeply embedded in and cannot be extricated from our affective and emotional make-up. This deep strand within our motivational make-up is manifest in our disposition to demand that others treat us as free and equal persons and in our disposition accede to the similar demands of others. This motivational strand is the crucial counterweight within our respective evaluative considerations to the radical diversity of our personal goals and aspirations. Moreover, again as I understand it, the whole enterprise of public reason is only envisioned as being conducted among those whose evaluative considerations include this deep internalization of a sense that we are all free and equal moral persons.
If anything like this understanding of Gaus's position is correct, a slew of further problems emerge. Can those of us who are within the circle of internalizers justifiably enforce even the most basic liberal principles or constraints—such as the constraints against unprovoked killing—against agents who have not themselves internalized the sense that all human beings are free and equal moral persons? Are liberal internalizers in any sense more justified in enforcing such basic liberal principles against non-internalizers than those non-internalizers are justified in their violation of those principles? When the internalizing Peter Pan defends himself against unprovoked attack by Captain Hook (whose motivational make-up is not structured by a sense that persons are all morally free and equal) is Peter's defense in any sense more justified than Hook's yet more determined attack? Can we consign all these inquiries to the ash-heap of child-like questions by plausibly insisting that the motivational structure of at least almost all human beings does in fact embody the sense that we all are free and equal moral beings?
Gaus points to Locke on toleration as a crucial moment in the development of liberal thought—perhaps even (as Gaus sees it) grown-up liberal thought. But, in the idiom that we have been employing, Locke's central claim was not that we have all at least implicitly come to have a sense of ourselves as being free and equal moral persons. Rather his claim was that we are free and equal moral persons.
Consider whether the activities of Grand Inquisitors may justifiably be resisted. Locke thought that a Grand Inquisitor could justifiably be suppressed because his prospective victims were free and equal moral persons, not because some tendril of respect for persons wound unnoticed through that Grand Inquisitor's evaluative considerations. Of course, Locke (or others) must then bear the burden of explaining why one should affirm such a morally portentous fact about human beings and of explaining why a significant part of the import of this fact is that freedom is to be honored and that infringements upon freedom are to be challenged. Taking up the burden of that project seems to me to be more promising and potentially rewarding than searching for a convergence of reasons propelled by persons' given evaluative considerations.
[1] To avoid complicated formulations, I write as though there is a single classical liberal position. Gaus would presumably say that a range of distinct classical liberal positions are within the eligible set. My guess is that he would not locate a hard-nosed libertarianism that rejects all coercive redistribution within the eligible set.
[2] I say "given" to convey that these considerations are not themselves subject to any normative test or filter.


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The Disposal Process
When disposing of federal real estate, the following process is mandated by federal law. The major steps in this process are illustrated below; however, not every property goes through every step of the process.
Excess Property
When a federal agency no longer needs a property to carry out its program responsibilities, it reports this property as "excess" to its needs.
Federal Transfer
GSA first offers excess property to other federal agencies that may have a program need for it. If another federal agency identifies a need, the property can be transferred to that agency.
Surplus Property
If there is no further need for the property within the federal government, the property is determined "surplus" and may be made available for other uses through public benefit conveyances (PBC), including homeless use, negotiated sales, or public sales based on GSA's determination of the property's highest and best use.
Homeless Conveyance
If a property is suitable for homeless use, according to the Department of Housing and Urban Development, we must first consider transferring the property as a homeless conveyance before any other public benefit conveyance can be considered.
Public Benefit Conveyance
As a PBC, the property can be substantially discounted in price (up to 100% reduction in fair market value) if it is used for a specific public use that qualifies for a PBC through a partner federal agency.
Negotiated Sale
GSA can negotiate a sale at appraised fair market value with a state or local government if the property will be used for another public purpose.
Public Sale of Property
If state and local governments or other eligible non-profits do not wish to acquire the property, GSA can dispose of surplus property via a competitive sale to the public, generally through a sealed bid or auction.
Since 1987, GSA has conveyed over $3 billion worth of property across the United States. Of this, about one third has been conveyed to state or local governments and non-profit organizations at a substantial discount in price.


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Howdy! Round up your crew for the annual Thanksgiving at the Fort! Fort Wilderness Resort and Campground will host countrified meals on Thursday November 24, 2011. And the Diamond Horseshoe will open its doors for table-service and counter-service meals on Turkey Day as well! Yee-haw!
Thanksgiving at the Fort
Mickey & Minnie (and some of their favorite friends) invite you to dine with them at the ranch. Look for Minnie, Pluto, Goofy, Donald, Pocahontas, Meeko, Country Bears, and Chip & Dale. (Characters are subject to change.) At this hoe-down you'll hoot 'n holler with the live entertainment including a country band and Trevor the Trick Roper.
This outdoor event rolls out an all-you-can eat buffet of comfort foods in an outdoor, covered pavilion where you'll be seated family-style with other guests. After you wrangle up some good grub, kick up your heels and dance away those calories!
Fort Wilderness Pavilion (Home of Mickey's Backyard BBQ)
Seating Times
Noon, 2:00, 4:00, or 6:00 p.m. We've found plenty of availability at the Noon and 2:00 pm meals but only limited availability for the 4:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. dinners.
$52.99 Adults $31.99 Kids 3-9
Hearty Vegetable Soup
Garden Salads
Dinner Rolls and Cornbread
Smoked Turkey Breast
Honey Mustard Glazed Ham
Mashed Potatoes
Candied Yams
Green Beans
Butternut Squash with Cranberries
Cornbread Stuffing
Country Turkey Gravy
Cranberry Sauce
Pumpkin Pie
Ice Cream Novelties
Iced Tea, Lemonade, Coffee, Beer and Wine
Diamond Horseshoe
The Magic Kingdom has also added an option for additional Thanksgiving dining. Enjoy a meal in Frontierland at the Diamond Horseshoe where counter service and table service meals will be offered.
Counter service lunch will be served from 11am to 3pm on November 20-23, 25-26. Table service dinner will be served from 5pm to 9pm on November 20-23. A Table service meal will be served all day November 24.
Call 407-WDW-DINE!
Tell us in the comments below if you've dined at the Fort or Diamond Horseshoe for Thanksgiving!