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Behind the scenes with Brecon's metal detectorists
23 May 2018
,The National Museum Cardiff was happy to host a behind the scenes tour to Brecon Detectorists, a group of keen treasure hunters who jumped at the opportunity to delve into the Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales archives.
David Hingley set up Brecon Metal Detecting club in 2011 and is enthusiastic about promoting responsible metal detecting to its members. "Everyone who comes through that door has a condition of membership – everything over a certain age has got to be registered for the Portable Antiquities Scheme, I insist upon it," David explains. "We're a small club, we've basically capped ourselves at 10. At the moment we're 9, we've had a new guy just started, the big fella, Tom."
And newcomer, Tom Haines, is no stranger to historical finds. Even before joining the club, he shared David's passion for responsible detecting. While out walking his dog one day last year, Tom discovered a Bronze Age knife; which he reported to the Portable Antiquities Scheme so it could be properly excavated.
"By reporting it, archaeologists might want to dig it, and that ended up being the case," he recalls. "I could have taken it home, plonked it in my own collection and no one would have learnt anything from it and it would have just crumbled away. It's being properly preserved and looked after and archaeologists can learn a lot from it."
The knife was just the tip of the iceberg, however, and his discovery led archaeologists to unearth a Bronze Age burial site, complete with cremated human remains. "They found a bronze age pin in there so it was a good thing that I didn't disturb that!" The knife and pin, as well as the urn in which they (and charred bone) were discovered is currently pending through the treasure process. The hoard will likely be acquired by Brecon Museum thanks to the Saving Treasures* project.
It's this interest in preserving archaeological artefacts that brought the club to the museum – to discover just how important their finds can be to museum researchers, conservationists and of course, archaeologists and historians.
The club's tour kick started in the stores with Portable Antiquities Scheme Wales Liaison Officer, Mark Lodwick, where they were able to view and handle some fascinating Bronze Age axe heads. Among them was a ribbed socketed axe head found in Llancarfan, Vale of Glamorgan back in 2013 that was curiously stuffed with another, bent axe head and (seemingly) ritualistically buried.
From the stores, the group moved onto the conservation labs. Conservationists Louise Mumford and Owen Lazzari were on hand to answer any queries they may have when it comes to storing their non-treasure finds and show the club some exciting pieces they are currently working on. One of the most impressive pieces was a Viking period sword from Hawarden, which had been wrapped in textile and showed traces of a horn grip – all of which had been preserved by the rust formed on the sword! When x-rayed, the amount of original metal sword that had been left was minimal, so if the rust had been removed, Louise would not have been able to find the horn and textile traces and the sword would have been indistinguishable. Luckily, with careful excavation the sword could be professionally conserved and the horn and textile discovered – these elements could easily have had all traces of removed if proper procedure was not followed.
Another fascinating find in the conservation labs was a late Iron Age or Romano-British tankard, found as part of a hoard at Langstone that was still mostly in-tact, the wood having been preserved – a very delicate piece indeed!
The club were then able to see artefacts come to life in the art department, with resident artist Tony Daley.
David Hingley believes the visit to the museum was very helpful for both himself and his members: "I can understand the need for detectorists to be instructed in how to handle and store artefacts, and that more literature should be made available." He explained that he learnt a lot and this new information can be put into immediate practise within in the club. David already keeps his own extensive coin collection (all of which have been processed and recorded by Mark Lodwick at AC-NMW) in acid free paper envelopes – essential for preventing further metal corrosion!
"All the clubs try to instigate in all their members that you've got to detect responsibly. You've got to have permission and you've got to have the right gear. If you dig a hole in someone's field – you've got to look at it from your own perspective - What would you say to someone if they came into your back garden and dug a hole in your lawn and then left it without filling it? You'd go mad, wouldn't you?" But this isn't the only aspect of responsible detecting and David is keen to promote the other obligations detecting requires, such as the preservation of the objects themselves, "I am continually preaching to our members!"
David feels that more metal detectorists could benefit from taking the time to learn about the role of museums and conservation in particular. "In the field you watch detectorists kick open clods to see what's in it - they do not seem to understand that it could contain a very fragile artefact a couple of hundred years old; and they break it or they find equally fragile artefacts and put them in pockets and not containers."
*Saving Treasures; Telling Stories is helping museums in Wales to acquire the important finds discovered by metal detectorists like David, Tom and their club members. For more information on the project, click here.


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Warlords of Draenor: A Look at PvP
Sharpen your axes! In World of Warcraft: Warlords of Draenor, a slew of savage new challenges, rewards, and user-interface improvements wait for PvP combatants. All it takes is a hardy constitution and strong will to face off against ferocious foes—we'll handle the rest.
New World PvP Zone
For players looking to engage in PvP combat on an epic scale, Warlords of Draenor introduces a new world PvP zone off of the north east coast of Tanaan Jungle. This new experience involves a raging battle that has no distinct beginning or end—instead, it offers constantly evolving objectives for participants to take part in. There will be items to gather, creatures to summon, and tons of action on multiple levels. While you can enter the fray sooner than level 100, you may find yourself biting off more than you can chew—enter at your own risk!
When first joining the battle, you'll be presented with objectives based on the current status of the battle. The closer you get to your opponent's base, the more difficult your tasks will become. Objectives will change at a moment's notice based on events within the zone, and you may quickly find yourself switching from offense to rebuilding your fortress and gathering the materials needed to do so. There will also be faction-based vehicles—and some Iron Horde war machines—at your team's disposal.
To provide a truly epic world PvP experience, the number of players and the amount of faction members allowed in the zone won't be capped. Don't worry, though—with cross-realm technology, the pool of potential allies (and enemies) is wider than ever.
Battleground Score, UI Improvements, and Updated Rewards
The Battleground scoreboard is being updated to provide better insight into your performance in Battlegrounds. A new stat called Battleground Score will take into account objective-based gameplay you engage in, such as returning flags, interrupting objective captures, healing, doing damage, and more.
In addition, flag timers and other objective timers will also be viewable on the map, complete with an additional animation. This will make it easier to identify the time until an objective is captured for players on either side to defend or attack to disrupt the capture.
To the victors go the spoils . . . and we're upping the ante in Battlegrounds even further. Winning in Battlegrounds could garner players extra random rewards such as a PvP set item, a random bind-on-equip item, consumables, and more.
Trial of the Gladiator
If you're looking for some great Arena action, then Trial of the Gladiator is for you. Building on the same system used for the Arena Tournament realm, players who take part in Trial of the Gladiator will be able to enter and purchase gear, enchants, and gems from a vendor, and then match skills with other players. Similar to the Arena Tournament realm, an array of equal-quality gear and items will be available to all players, putting everyone on the same footing from the start of competition.
Any player will be able to queue for this new feature once it's available, but you'll only be able to earn a rating during specific days and times of the week that rated competition opens up. This will help make the pool of serious combatants more concentrated, allowing the system to match players more accurately based on skill and helping ensure rated battles provide a highly competitive experience.
You'll be able to practice whenever you like outside of those times, but if you want to earn the prestige awards, you'll need to hone your skills and climb to the top of the ladder at the appointed times. We also don't want to penalize people too heavily for missing a scheduled combat or two, and we're looking into ways to make sure the system strikes the right balance between flexibility and cutting-edge competition.
We'll provide more information on this system and more as we progress further into development. In the meantime, don't let those blades get rusty!

subset: commoncrawl


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Slowly but surely others are
waking up to the reality that the Chupacabra phenomenon and the medieval Gargoyle phenomenon are plausibly one and the same as
I argued some months back. I find it
noteworthy that they seem to like open desert as hunting areas so attempts to
associate them with forested areas is possibly a mistake or an artifact of
The mixing of the mangy dog in
the South West with the known evidence is mostly evidence of scavenging on
already blood drained corpses and certainly not evidence of vampirism by dogs.
The scientific question that must
be properly answered is whether blood is drained from the corpse and how much
is drained from the corpse. This is not
a trivial question. A downer will have all its blood quite intact and the meat
will make that obvious. It is why we
expertly drain the blood from slaughtered animals immediately so as to prevent
coagulated blood from causing spoilage of the meat and ruining its appearance.
My point here is that a drained
carcass is only possible if the blood is drained while the heart is still
pumping unless the animal is immediately hung and drained. A large vampire bat would work as perfectly.
Thus all tales of cattle
mutilation and blood removal is clear evidence of a large vampire bat and not
of a lucky dog who may well have taken some of the soft tissue.
Since such a bat can fly over a
vast natural range, the actual events appear to be quite far apart and
This report describes four of the
creatures and finally makes the kangaroo like legs well witnessed and explains
the creature's necessary launch equipment.
There is no particular need to run to launch and it certainly allows it
to land on a victim, swiftly drain the blood and as the prey collapses, leap
back into the air and take off.
The Gargoyles of Chile
The deep, shadow shrouded jungles of South America are rife with
carnivorous predators rarely seen by the human eye, but as intimidating as the
creatures lurking in the dense rain forests of this mysterious continent may
be, the arid plains of northern Chile are said to harbor a colony of chillingly
bizarre beasts, which are quite unlike anything supposed to be living on the
Situated in the northernmost portion of Chile ,
less than 12-miles away from the port city of Arica ,
is a sprawling swathe of red sand desert known as Pampa Acha. The only real nod to the
existence of humanity in this desolate region is the Pan-American
Highway , which twists through this barren wasteland like an
asphalt serpent.
It was on this lonesome stretch of road that in July of 2004, an army
sub-officer with the "Cazadores" regiment named Carlos Abett de la Torre, his
wife Teresa, their three children and a nephew would have a harrowing encounter
with a group of fantastic creatures, which seemed to jump straight out of the
pages of an ancient bestiary.
At approximately 7:00 pm. on the day in question, the Torre family
packed into Carlos' pick-up truck and departed from their quarters in Fuerte
Baquedano, which is located in the military community of Pozo Almonte, heading
toward Arica to
visit some relatives.
Knowing full well that he was in for long and monotonous drive with a
car full of children, Carlos gamely threw the truck into gear and began
motoring down the same highway he had been traveling for the better part of 25
About two hours into their journey, Carlos was cruising at about
65-miles per hour through the Pampa Acha
approximately 20-miles south of Arica .
The road ahead was illuminated not only by the pick-up's headlamps, but the
bright moon that hovered above them in the cloudless sky. That was when Carlos'
eldest daughter, Carmen, noticed a pair of extraordinary entities through the
back window of the vehicle. According to Carmen she was astounded to see two
creatures leisurely "floating" in the skies above. In her own words:
"I was traveling in the backseat with my brothers, talking, and
suddenly everything went dark. Then I told my brother what I was seeing and he
told me to keep quiet, because Mom gets nervous. Later I looked through the
window and saw some things that looked like birds, with dogs' heads and back
swept wings. My father said they were like gargoyles."
Carmen later estimated that the strange airborne critters that flew
over her father's pick-up truck were at least 6-feet in length and she
admitted that at first she wasn't sure if the creatures had wings or legs, but
that the appendages were angled toward the rear of the creatures.
Carmen and her brother watched as the outlandish animals paced the
truck, afraid to speak, lest they panic their anxiety prone mother. But their
efforts were wasted as Teresa, who sat next to Carlos in the front seat, would
catch sight of the peculiar avian duo through the windshield just moments
From her vantage point Teresa was afforded the best view of these
anomalous animals, which the press would quote her as saying resembled "dog-faced
kangaroos." She claimed that the "gargoyles" seemed to match the speed of
the truck, occasionally slipping ahead, then falling back, never traveling more
than 60-feet from the vehicle.
By this point Carlos and the rest of his frightened brood were all
stealing skyward glances and catching glimpses of these soaring evolutionary
nightmares. He accelerated the truck, praying under his breath, terrified of
the fate that might befall him and his family if these creatures decided to
swoop down and attack their vehicle. The Torre family was in such a state of
shock that none of them spoke. Carmen described the scene:
"We were speechless for some ten minutes [then] my Mom told us to
react, and then we started discussing what we'd seen."
Just when the Torre family was growing accustomed to the flying fiends
above, another pair of the same species leapt in front of the truck on
strong hind legs, which were shorter than their upper legs. Carlos
managed to avert a collision with these land bound "gargoyles" and increased
the pick-up's speed, eventually leaving all four of the beasts behind.
When Torre family safely arrived in Arica they told their relatives about their
bizarre sightings, but swore them to secrecy, concerned that the public
ridicule which might follow the unveiling of their tale would somehow damage
the military career of the family's patriarch.
Although their sojourn with their extended family was enjoyable, it
goes without saying that the entire Torre clan was anxious about the trip home.
Teresa even conceded: "We were terrified to go back," but, much like
every other journey Carlos had taken through Pampa Acha, the expedition proved to be
mercifully uneventful.
Once back on base in Pozo Almonte, the Torre family honored their oath
of silence, but when another sub-officer, Diego Riquelme, claimed to have
encountered a dinosaur-like creature on the same stretch of road a few weeks
later they decided to come clean.
Needless to say it wasn't long before the press got wind of these bizarre
stories and began churning out articles about the monsters seen on the Pan-American Highway .
Soon after the story broke Scott
Corrales of the Institute of Hispanic Ufology translated the story for the
English speaking world.
The usually open minded Chilean press was quick to claim that the
eyewitnesses were likely seeing nothing more than ostriches, which must have
escaped from a local breeder.
The fact ostriches are flightless and that none of the birds were
reported missing in the area was ignored by the media.
It also seems unlikely that seven individual eyewitnesses would confuse
ostriches for either on the wing gargoyles or prehistoric reptiles, regardless
of how unbelievable the alternative may be. So if these observers were not
bearing witness to bird refuge escapees, then the question remains…
It's a fair question considering that the list of dog headed, bat
winged, kangaroo legged and potentially reptilian creatures that stand over
6-feet tall is not a large one… In fact, nothing like that should exist, [a
vampire bat should not exist but it does and evolving from that into a larger
version is very plausible if not inevitable - arclein] nevertheless let's keep an open mind and look at few of our options
here. I have to admit that when I first stumbled across this report my initial
thought was that the eyewitness descriptions were akin to reports of the
For reasons difficult to discern the description of the notorious blood
sucking chupacabra — it's name is Spanish for "goat sucker," which was
initially said to be its favorite prey — has varied wildly since the first
reports of these beasts emerged from Puerto Rico in the mid-1990s.
Nowadays many people believe that the mangy coy dogs so often
videotaped near the Texas/Mexico border represent chupacabra, but these sickly
canine creatures are nothing like the classic depictions of these ferocious
Initially chupacabra were described as being semi- reptilian beasts
with Kangaroo legs, upon which it could leap astounding distances. These
creatures were also said to have canine (and occasionally feline) features,
large fangs and, very often, bat-like wings. A forked tongue and porcupine-like
spines were also commonly seen attributes. All versions of this creature were
said to live on the blood of animals.
The above description sounds a lot like the "dog faced gargoyles"
described by the Torres and Riquelme. In support of this hypothesis is the fact
that since 2004 there have been sporadic reports hailing from South America
regarding similar varmints, some of which have been allegedly spotted near
scores of bird carcasses that were discovered to be devoid of blood.
While many people are of the mind that the late blooming, so to speak,
of the chupacabra phenomenon is the result of it being either of alien
extraction or the product of an American genetic experiment gone terribly awry,
the thought that these gargoyles might be the origin for tales of the enigmatic
chupacabra is an intriguing one. It's also worth considering the fact that
these critters seem to look a helluva' lot like the…
Although it is said to have hooves rather than coiled marsupial legs,
the bat winged dog-like description of these gargoyles also seems to bear an
uncanny resemblance to eyewitness accounts of the New Jersey Devil.
Nevertheless, the fact that the Jersey Devil is an ostensibly
supernatural rather than traditionally cryptozoological entity, combined with
the lack of any significant eyewitness accounts from outside the Pine Barrens,
leads me to believe that this is just a farfetched shot in the dark.
Okay, so removing both the cryptozoological, paranormal and potentially
ufological elements and look at some of South America's indigenous fauna to see
if we can come up with a culprit. There are a handful of options, but the
character that seems to most fit the bill is…
Vampyrum Spectrum — also known as the Spectral or false vampire bat —
is native to both South and Central America .
This nocturnal predator ranges from Mexico
to central Brazil and Peru . It is not
only the largest bat found in the "New World ,"
but it is also the biggest carnivorous bat on the planet.
With its elongated nose and 3-foot wingspan it's not entirely unreasonable
to deduce that the Torre family spied a small group of these animals and
assumed the worst. Granted the arid deserts of northern Chili are nothing like
the prototypical habitat of deciduous forests and swampy areas where bunches of
five Vampyrum Spectrum nest in hollow trees near bodies of water, but it is not
that unusual for small colonies of creatures to occasionally stray from their
usual environment for a variety of reasons.
One could also argue that a pair of gargantuan non-indigenous bats that
are seen at night by young and inexperienced eyewitnesses may well appear to be
larger than they are. Still, as convenient as a rogue population of bats might
be in explaining away these events, they cannot account for the leaping,
winged, kangaroo-like creatures that temporarily blocked the Torre's path in
full view of their truck's headlights.
So what is it that we are dealing with here? It seems fairly evident
that if we are not contending with a mistaken identification or outright hoax,
then these gargoyles must be either a variety of unknown flying mammal or
perhaps a colossal species of heretofore undiscovered bat.
Strangely enough, according to both Carlos and the Carabineros — the
uniformed Chilean national police force — there were no reports of strange
creatures on the well traveled highway until 2004. Does this suggest a
migratory pattern for these beasts or might we surmise that jungle
deforestation or some other manner of likely human encroachment has forced
these critters out of hiding and into the public eye?
Until one of the Chilean gargoyles is shot, captured or convincingly
caught on film this mystery will no doubt endure… and if you ever find yourself
traipsing around northern Chili at night, look to the skies… you never know
what you're going to see.


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Purpose of Guidance
The Office of Special Education Programs issues this guidance to provide States and other interested parties with information regarding the use of funds provided under Part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) by local educational agencies (LEAs) to develop and implement coordinated early intervening services (CEIS) for students who are currently not identified as needing special education.
This CEIS guidance represents the Department's current thinking on this topic. It does not create or confer any rights for or on any person. This guidance does not impose any requirements beyond those included under applicable laws and regulations.
If you are interested in commenting on this guidance, please email your comments to firstname.lastname@example.com and include CEIS in the subject of your email or write us at the following address: Patricia Guard, U.S. Department of Education, Potomac Center Plaza, 550 12th Street, SW, room 4108, Washington, DC 20202.
MS Word (88KB) | PDF (1.2MB)


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In 2001, mercurial researcher Steven Greer assembled an intriguing but checkered cast of 20-plus people — military and government types, mostly — to publicly allege a massive UFO coverup by the federal government. Six years later, investigative journalist Leslie Kean helped organize a press conference anchored by a steller international panel of eyewitnesses, all of whom would provide the testimonial foundation of her 2010 bestseller, UFOs: Generals, Pilots and Government Officials Go On the Record. Also in 2010, UFOs and Nukes author Robert Hastings organized half a dozen retired Air Force veterans to discuss their experiences with UFO activity over America's nuclear weapons facilities.
Aside from the subject matter, what all three had in common was the venue — the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. It was chosen for its proximity to the political center of the civilized world in hopes of nudging the MSM into doing a little spadework of its own. We all know how that worked out.
But yo yo yo, look who's booked the NPC stage for the spring of 2013 — erstwhile "X Conference" director Steve Bassett. He's been there many times before, and the last production, in 2010, saddled him with about $20,000 in debt. But that was then. Today, with an assist from a benefactor whose name he declines to reveal, Bassett says he has a clean ledger and $1.1 million for his next project, which he's calling a Citizen Hearing on Disclosure.
"The problem with the other press conferences was, they lasted a couple of hours and then, boom, they were over," he says from Los Angeles. "But this is going to last five days, we're going to get the best witnesses ever brought together in one place, and they'll give their testimony to five former members of Congress. It'll be just like a congressional hearing."
But that's not all. Bassett says the Citizen Hearing — he anticipates convening 40 witnesses — will be streamed live and translated into French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Russian. With a technical assist from Just Cause Entertainment, which specializes in CG cinema and stop-motion productions, the event will be shot in 2D and 3D. On the back end comes a documentary, which will compress 30 hours of testimony into a 90-minute commercial release.
Now, exactly which retired public servants might lend themselves to this Citizen Hearing — to say nothing of the inducements it might take to get them to approach a subject Washington ranks right below smegma — is still a bit murky. The screening has yet to begin, but Bassett says he wants two Republicans, two Dems and one indie, all of whom have had some experience with intelligence, security, or space/science committees.
As for witnesses, they'll be multinational, Bassett says, and "many will be names you've heard before," although the as-yet-unnamed lineup will be announced incrementally at his website. Some of his previous "X Conference" panelists, like former USAF Capt. Bob Salas, who penned a blistering 2009 essay called the "Idiocy of the Disclosure Movement," will definitely not be back.
Anyhow, Bassett's target is the official White House position, articulated last year, that "The U.S. government has no evidence that any life exists outside our planet, or that an extraterrestrial presence has contacted or engaged any member of the human race. In addition, there is no credible information to suggest that any evidence is being hidden from the public's eye."
Bassett reasons that if the Citizen Hearing keeps hammering away at the presumed coverup, eight hours a day, for five straight days, April 29-May 3, using quality witnesses, the sheer unrelenting volume of it will force the hand of the MSM bosses.
"The media is the most powerful lever the public has to stick it to government. without the media, it's almost impossible to press the government to take action in the public interest. Our targets are obvious — Bill Clinton, Hillary Clinton, the Podestas, the Panettas," Bassett says. "We'll create so much public interest, a lot of the editors are gonna say, Christ almighty, enough is enough, that's it, let's get some answers from these guys. And if they ask the right questions, I predict the truth embargo will be over within 60 days."
So it goes.


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Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more.
No. In fact, by enabling the Township to reduce debt (currently over 20% of total expenditures) and bring in new revenues, we are hopeful we can reduce the burden of residential property taxes.
Communities like Jersey City and Hoboken had successfully employed PILOTs for a number of years to reduce Municipal and School taxes.
Show All Answers
Any Hopewell Township Landowner (or builders who have a contract with a landowner) who agrees to provide Affordable Housing on their site has the right under NJ law to "intervene" in the lawsuit described above. As part of this, they can independently develop a plan to provide the Township's obligation for affordable units and submit it to the Court.
This includes being able to specify the number of market rate units required to build a given number of affordable units. During the trial, the Court encouraged municipalities to work with their intervenors to agree on a plan for each prospective site.
If the Court believed the Township was not acting in good faith to ensure its obligation was met, it could have let the Intervenors make their own plan, called a Builder's Remedy Lawsuit. In South Brunswick, that is exactly what happened and the Court determined that their obligation was more than 2,900 units of affordable housing (plus thousands of market rate units). The judge also determined that this plan could be implemented by the builders themselves versus by the Town's Planning Board in a public setting, working in conjunction with court-appointed professional planners and cutting the Township entirely out of the process, from determining where the units would be built to what they look like, who would live there and how the rentals would be managed.
In a Builders Remedy Lawsuit, any property owner can propose their site for development, including lands that are not currently in sewer service areas. In the 1990's, in a prior COAH round, Hopewell Township was subject to a Builders Remedy lawsuit because it failed to make sufficient progress towards meetings its affordable housing obligations. This resulted in Brandon Farms, a new development with over 1200 homes and a ratio of 8-9 market rate units for each affordable unit.
As a result of our negotiations, Hopewell Township secured a lower Affordable Housing obligation (653 affordable units) than we would have gotten had we carried through to the end of the litigation. In the multi-town Mercer County trial that continued on after Hopewell Township reached a settlement, the Court ultimately ruled that Hopewell Township's obligation for Affordable units would have been almost 100 units more, resulting in roughly 500 more housing units. The Court also ruled that West Windsor, one of two towns that did not settle in Mercer County, must produce approximately 1500 new affordable housing units, as well as at the associated market rate units. These municipalities also took on the costs of many months of additional litigation – in the tens if not hundreds of thousands of dollars, and will bear the cost of any appeals.
Importantly, Hopewell Township will receive credit If there is new legislation, Supreme Court rulings or a Constitutional amendment that reduces municipalities' third round affordable housing obligations. If this happens, Hopewell Township will be entitled to reduce its Third Round obligation further. It is, however, protected if any of those legal changes results in a higher obligation for Hopewell Township.
It is not something the Township had a say in. The Mt. Laurel NJ Supreme Court decision (also known as the COAH law) requires that each municipality in NJ must provide a "fair share" of these units of housing. In 2015, the NJ Supreme Court ruled that all NJ municipalities were responsible to meet a present and prospective affordable housing need for the 26 years from 1999 to 2025. In the lawsuit, the Township fought to reduce the number and was successful in reducing it from the proposed 1756 units by Fair Share Housing Center to the final number of 653.
It's important to note that Hopewell Township's obligation is only to provide a "realistic opportunity" for these units to be built. If there is not sufficient market demand for this many units to be built or if there is another real estate crash, these units will not be built. Similarly, if the financial cost of building all of the new water, sewer and other infrastructure to support the development is too high, the Township is not obligated to assist the developers. Again, the units will not be built if a project proves to be economically infeasible.
The income restrictions that govern who qualifies to live in affordable housing are established by HUD. They look at the census, usually of a county, and figure out what the median income is. Then they set out tables for different size families for different income tests. The affordable housing in Hopewell would be for low and moderate income.
Moderate-income people who would qualify for the affordable housing include our teachers, firefighters, healthcare professionals, trades people and the like. It is a place our seniors can retire to and a place our young people can rent as their first home.
As part of the lawsuit, the intervenors stated that they wanted to provide the Township's obligation of affordable housing in exchange for being allowed to also build market rate homes. The law typically provides for 15% of rental housing to be affordable, but Hopewell Township was able to reduce this ratio across the board, resulting in less market rate housing for each affordable unit.
Some people would have liked to see 100% Affordable Housing built. Others would have been furious if 653 units of 100% Affordable Housing were built in one or two locations. In the first incarnation of the third-round rules, COAH indicated a preference for "inclusionary" housing, which is housing that is a mix of market and affordable.
Affordable Housing can be funded either by: 1) offsetting profit from contemporaneously built market rate housing units, 2) through investment via tax credit programs administered by the New Jersey Housing and Mortgage Finance Agency, 3) subsidized by a federal program such as HUD, or 4) financed directly by the municipality through taxes. Hopewell Township's solution utilizing option 1 ensures that taxes will not be used to pay for this Affordable Housing obligation.
Between the breakdown in NJ's Council of Affordable Housing (COAH) third round process and the resulting lack of rules/funding for Affordable Housing, and new 2018 federal tax plan, which substantially lowers corporate taxes and thus lessens their need for credits to offset profits, relying on tax credit funding is extremely unlikely. Funding for 100% tax credit projects is awarded after a lengthy and expensive application process and is most often given in amounts to fund no more than 85 units at a time. Application rounds are usually only announced once every three years and are extremely competitive, especially in this new landscape where every town in New Jersey is being pressured by the Courts to carry out its Affordable Housing Plan. With an obligation of 653 units, the Courts have found that it would not be realistic to rely on 100% Affordable Housing developments, 85 units at a time.
The courts have ruled that it is not "realistic" for a town's Affordable Housing plan to only have Affordable Housing units, as there are not sufficient tax credits and other public monies to exclusively build 100% Affordable Housing. In one nearby community, where planners wanted to build two small, 100% Affordable Housing developments, a judge required the municipality and its taxpayers to bond upfront for the full cost of these projects, resulting in a financial obligation of almost $40 million.
The average cost to construct one Affordable unit in New Jersey is currently $250,000 to $300,000, so building 100% Affordable Housing units would have resulted in a taxpayer bill for $150 to 200 million in Hopewell Township. For perspective, our current total tax levy, including schools, is just over $100 million. This would have resulted in an unbearable tax burden for our residents.
Now that the Township has met its constitutional mandate to provide a realistic opportunity for Affordable Housing, if construction begins builders would be responsible for financing and building all of the Affordable Housing in Hopewell Township using the plan approved by the court. They will be responsible for the full cost of building these units, including the monies needed to extend sewer and water infrastructure to each site.
The current Township Committee also believe that building inclusive developments will help better integrate these units within our community and that this approach is a better overall solution. This is supported by the decisions of every Township Committee going back at least to 2012 when the Zaitz property was purchased. In Brandon Farms, market rate and affordable units co-exist side-by-side and one can't tell the difference.
To qualify as affordable housing, the unit must be deed restricted for 30+ years to only house people who have a low-to-moderate income (as determined by the median income charts published by HUD). While there are currently some affordable units for sale in Hopewell Township, we have five pre-qualified buyers for every available unit; on affordable rental units, there is a significant wait list in the Township, particularly for 2+ bedroom units.
In fact, as we work with the landowners who will develop the new housing areas, we have set many goals including sidewalks and bike paths, and connections to existing trail systems. We also expect that some stores will be built that will be walkable to the new community and accessible to all the rest of us as well. The Redevelopment process (discussed below) will allow the Township greater control over those things. The Township is committed to protecting existing viewsheds with buffers, protecting the environment, and retaining the rural nature of the Valley.
As a result of the Court Settlement, Hopewell Township has met its obligation to provide affordable housing in that the Court agreed the Township has provided a "realistic opportunity" for the intervenors to build it.
That said, there are many more steps the intervenors must take before any shovels hit the dirt, including an extended site plan review and permitting process (all open to the public).
With all of the required environmental, traffic and water studies, the planning and permitting process is expected to take 18 to 24 months once initial plans are submitted. Additionally, the construction of new water and sewer infrastructure to these sites could further delay building. In addition to the requirements of site plans and planning and zoning board approvals, builders may have issues with DEP, DOT, DVRPC and other State agencies. Brandon Farms took 15 years to build. These projects could easily take more. Hopewell Township's court ruling anticipates a significant portion of any construction may occur after 2025.
And since we are talking about timing, please note that the affordable and market units on any given tract need to be built concurrently. The market rate units may not reach 50% completion until the affordable units also reach 50% completion. The market rate units may not reach 90% completion until the affordable units are 100% complete.
No. The Township has no financial obligation to pay for any of the affordable housing, the market rate housing that comes with it, or any of the infrastructure (water/sewer/roads) that is needed to support it. In fact, the Intervenors are on the hook for paying for everything that is associated with constructing the housing that is approved in connection with this settlement.
The School District has done extensive studies of the school populations. Currently they are well-below capacity. In total, there are more than 600 open seats across the District. We, the Township, working with the School District plan to complete more detailed demographic studies, but initial analyses suggest that any additional children that will come to the school district via these new developments will be absorbed within the existing capacity through 2025.
Just like any other neighborhood that has been built in Hopewell Township, if the Township sees a need for additional services in decades to come that might cost taxpayers money, we will look very closely at how to raise and spend those funds. As one example, because these sites have been put into redevelopment areas, the Township has the option to negotiate a Payment in Lieu of Taxes (PILOT) with the developers, which can provide significantly more tax revenue to the municipality. This strategy has already been employed for the Klockner tract on Federal City Road, resulting in incremental revenues to the Township of ~$750,000 in the first year after the project is completed. This is equivalent to 5% of the current municipal tax levy and this one development will contribute almost as much revenue to the Township coffers as our largest employer does today (5.9% of tax base).
1. Scotch Road – A significant portion of the development will be on the east side of Scotch Road (Merrill Lynch side), including a new Continuing Care and Rehabilitation Center and an age-restricted community next to Capital Health to establish a new, affordable continuum of care for our senior residents. There will also be development on the West side, but it will be restricted to land right across Scotch Road from the main Merrill entrances. Landscape buffers have already been agreed to, so the vista from Pennington-Washington Crossing Road will not be impacted. It also will end far away from the Jacobs Creek. We hope that the long-wished for bike paths between the Municipal building and Bear Tavern will be developed as a side project.
2. Behind Shop Rite ("Zaitz Tract") – The development behind Shop Rite and the redevelopment of the ShopRite, Exxon and Wells Fargo site will enable us to significantly improve the traffic patterns at the Circle, including moving the main entrance/exit to Shop Rite and providing secondary means of egress through the Development. The redevelopment of the commercial parcels at the Circle will also bring new tax revenues to the Township. We also plan for this to be the future site of a new Senior and Community Center. The developer will be responsible for bringing sewer and water infrastructure as well as other utilities to the entire site,, and will complete rough grading and storm water management for the Community Center at no cost to Hopewell Township.
3. Federal City Road ("Klockner Tract") – This development will contain multi-story luxury rental housing. It is located on the south side of I-95 along Bull Run Road, adjacent to Lawrence and Ewing Townships. It will be marketed to young professionals. A community center in the project will be available to their residents.
4. BMS – There is a possibility that as BMS moves out of Hopewell by 2020, they may provide an opportunity for a developer to construct some housing on their site to support the attraction of new commercial tenants for the existing research and office space. This will help preserve our tax base, and BMS will have to give up existing development rights (for additional research buildings) to offset any residential development.
From a practical standpoint, development on this scale can only occur where infrastructure already exists, including having existing sewer service or being in a sewer service area. In fact, for the intervenors to qualify to be part of Hopewell Township's plan, they had to show that they had or could have the infrastructure available to support the housing it proposed. This includes making it as walkable as possible as well as having access to public transportation.
The proximity of the hospital, Merrill Lynch and other major employers makes the sites on Scotch Road the best sites for development. They also will have much less impact on traffic than a development of this magnitude would have on Rt. 31. Siting the new housing south of Washington Crossing Pennington Road and establishing traffic calming measures and accessory roads will divert traffic south to I-295 and minimize the impact on Route 31.
We are also concerned about potential traffic impacts. To help address this, Hopewell Township's Affordable Housing obligation was proactively distributed across three different I-295 interchanges, with the highest density occurring where the road system is most developed (Scotch Road). We also reduced the proposed density on the Route 31 circle by approximately 25% vs. the preliminary 2015 housing plan, as we were concerned that it called for too many units (500) on an already-busy roadway. Further, we will be consolidating existing commercial driveways on the northwest and southwest corners of the circle to improve traffic flow, and will eliminate the wrong-way exit coming out of the Shop Rite across the Circle.
As proposed projects come forward to the Planning Board, each developer will be required to conduct a comprehensive traffic study and mitigation plan. The Township will have its experts review each study in-depth and ensure appropriate actions are being taken to minimize traffic impact on roadways and neighborhoods.
It's important to note that this site is currently zoned and pre-approved for over 1.5 million square feet of new office space, as the result of prior litigation. The intervenors who own this site successfully demonstrated to the courts that this site could meet the legal requirements for the provision of Affordable Housing. If we had not been able to accommodate the 400+ Affordable units on this site, the Township would have had to place them on other large land parcels on Scotch Road, on the Route 31 Circle, adjacent to the golf course or on Pennytown, and in other parts of the Township.
The Township is trying to make the best of what it has been handed. As part of this settlement, the Township was able to contain development and protect other largely rural areas across Hopewell Valley.
The Planning Board was asked by the Township Committee a very narrow question: do each (or any) of the tracts owned by an intervenor in the affordable housing lawsuit meet the criteria of "in need of redevelopment" that is part of New Jersey law? The Planning Board was not asked whether they thought building any kind of housing on that land was a good idea, they were only asked whether the land in question met the criteria. In each case, the Planning Board found that they did.
What a Redevelopment Plan does is give the Township a larger degree of control over how the development will be built on the land owned by the intervenors, what it will look like and how we can ensure it best benefits our existing residents. Through Redevelopment, we will direct the projects to contain such things as sidewalks, bike paths and commercial ratables, landscaping to minimize the visual impact of the structures and other green infrastructure like solar-ready roofs and cutting-edge storm water management features.
Being in a redevelopment area also makes any affordable units eligible for bonus credits, reducing the net number of units needing to be built, and PILOT (Payment in Lieu of Taxes) programs, which could benefit our residents financially.
It certainly would have had an impact as we went through the litigation. Part of what the Court looked at in this suit was what progress the Township had made over the years in providing its fair share of affordable housing. Had we built affordable housing at Pennytown, it might have helped mitigate the results of this current lawsuit.
The amount that was spent to purchase Pennytown was $7 million. The development of our required 653 units of affordable housing with the concomitant infrastructure required, including connecting to ELSA, would cost $150-200 million. If Hopewell Township chose to develop the Affordable Housing on its own, each Township household would be on the hook for over $30,000 in added taxes.
Pennytown is currently for sale, and we expect to recoup monies that can be put towards reducing the Township's debt. Please keep in mind that both the purchase of Pennytown and the decision to remove it from consideration for affordable housing development were bipartisan decisions made over nearly 10 years (2008 to 2016) and multiple Township Committees.
Click HERE for a complete list of Township Committee decisions.
The Intervenors' right to build housing and to install the infrastructure necessary to support it has nothing to do with existing housing. The Township is not obligated to provide infrastructure for the new housing and the Intervenors are not obligated to provide infrastructure for existing housing. However, as we recently demonstrated with Diverty Road (which is in an existing sewer service area), we are able to negotiate with developers to help provide sewer and water infrastructure to impacted area residents.
Similar concerns were raised in the 1990s when Brandon Farms was first proposed. The Brandon Farms community has become a strong vibrant part of Hopewell Township, helping bring in more young families and diversifying our housing stock, including several wonderful age-restricted communities like Four Seasons and Wellington Manor. Since Brandon Farms was built, home values have increased across Hopewell Township, as families that originally bought homes in Brandon Farms have traded up to larger single-family homes in other parts of Hopewell Valley.
We are working towards a similar end result with these new developments. We will have new housing options for our teachers, firefighters and police officers to move into, as well as new, more affordable starter homes for young couples and other professionals working in the Princeton-Hopewell-Lawrence area. Similarly, there will be new options for older residents whose kids have left the school system and who want to downsize. We are planning for mixed use, inclusive neighborhoods so that affordable housing is not concentrated in any one area. Using the control retained via the Settlement and the Redevelopment process, the Township will be very strict with owners of the rental units with how these developments are managed, both in how lower income tenants are certified and how properties are maintained.
Hopewell Township's final Affordable Housing plan incorporates many elements from the preliminary housing plan that was developed and submitted to the courts in 2015. There was extensive public input to this preliminary plan, with discussion of Affordable Housing at all 25 Hopewell Township Committee meetings in 2015, and extensive public comment during the actual plan development of the plan in 7 regular and special Planning Board meetings in the summer and fall of 2015.
Public input has been incorporated in many elements of the plan, including the reduction of planned density on the Route 31 circle and the creation of alternate means of ingress and egress from this site. Extensive environmental protections and green infrastructure requirements have been built into each site's redevelopment plan. Additionally, in 2016, the public had additional opportunities at the Planning Board to provide input on potential retail development on Scotch Road.
In our December 2016 compliance hearing, Judge Jacobsen recognized Hopewell Township for having the most public and inclusive process in Mercer County, if not the state.
Looking ahead, we have continued to seek public input as each site's redevelopment agreement has been developed and vetted by the Township Committee. We have successfully been able to change and improve plans at each step in the process; for instance, on the proposed Zaitz development behind Shop Rite, we held a series of special outreach meetings at the high school and municipal building, in addition to hearings at regular Committee meetings.
As a result of community input and the concerns we heard, as well as a thorough review by our Planning Board, we made more than 30 specific changes that improve the proposed redevelopment plan for that site. We will likely make additional changes and improvements as a formal site plan application is submitted, when we have additional data from traffic, water and other required studies.
If you have additional suggestions on how we can improve communication and this process moving forward, please share your thoughts in-person or via email with our Township Administrator, George Snyder, or with our Community Development Director, James Hutzelmann. Click HERE for Hopewell Township contact information.
Yes, it's a very positive deal. Instead of receiving $18.5 million in revenue over 30 years, Hopewell Township is projected to receive over $110 million over this same time period through the PILOT agreement.
This will enable us to pay off outstanding Township debt and reduce taxes, plus reinvest in our community. Options under consideration include added investment in our Fire District and other first responders, building a new Senior + Community Center, and making voluntary additional contributions to the School District, in addition to reducing residential property taxes.
The PILOT will bring in roughly $3 million per year, which is fully 20% of what is raised by the current tax levy, all from just one small tract.
There's none. The PILOT does not take money away from the schools, not one penny.
As Dr. Smith's presentation outlined in a Township Committee meeting, the School District will still raise the monies they need; they are indifferent to where this money comes from.
There are currently over 600 open seats in HVRSD schools due to changing demographics and declining enrollments, so with the minimal number of school children generated by the Zaitz project, we expect that these children can be accommodated within the District with little or no additional School costs.
Additionally, Hopewell Township residents will save money as the School tax obligation is more fairly redistributed through this PILOT and The Boroughs pay their fair share. This agreement will help end the higher taxation of Township residents vs. the Boroughs.
As it stands, Hopewell Township currently pays 34% more per enrolled student in Hopewell Valley Schools than the Boroughs ($22,269 vs. $16,674). If we had gone a conventional path with this project, Township residents would have paid an even higher share of school taxes, even if there were no additional school costs.


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The less privileged elders need food, love and care. This project will provide meals to 57 homeless old age persons for 3 months. Every day we provide nutritious food to 57 destitute elder, who are neglected by their families. Due to poverty some families are not able to feed these older persons. Among 57 poor old age persons, some of them use to beg at neighbor houses, nearby locations to feed themselves. Our little contribution to the elderly makes their world healthy and happy.
The 57 homeless elderly persons are suffering with starvation, ill-health in our project area. The age group of these older people is 65 to 80 years. Sometimes they used to beg on the streets to feed themselves. Their pathetic condition forced us to feed them with nutritious meals to keep them healthier. Most of them are having anemic problem due to lack of food and medical care. Most of them are not having home and sleeps at neighbor houses, school verandas, and community halls and at bus stops
This microproject solves the problem by providing every day nutritious meals, clothing and medical care to 57 elderly people for 3 months. We provide Vegetarian meal with egg, rasam, curd and vegetable Curry. Such meal are easy to digest and healthy too. Their health condition of destitute elderly persons has been improved. We ask them to share their stories among themselves, so that they are free from worries.
CHHASE will stop starvation among destitute elderly people in Tiruvallur & Tiruvannamalai Districts of Tamil Nadu. The hamlets surrounding tirumanikuppam, Thirupandiyur and Vayalur, 32 older people get timely nutritious food and medical care. Eldery persons living conditions & life span will increase. 57 old age persons able to eat nutritious food and medicines in time without depending on others. The perception of the community on caring old age people will build positively.


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Welsh Marches, SO 4375/ink AP transcription
- Date:
- Dec 1981
- Location:
- Leintwardine, County Of Herefordshire
- Reference:
- 1194091
- Type:
- Aerial Photograph Transcription
Not what you're looking for? Try a new search
This is part of the Volume: AF1035090 RCHME/CUCAP Cropmark Project: Welsh Marches; within the Series: RCH01/131 RCHME/CUCAP Cropmark Project; within the Collection: RCH01 Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (RCHME) Archive
© Crown Copyright. Historic England Archive
Air Photograph Interpreter: Whimster, Rowan: Royal Commission On The Historical Monuments Of England
Uncertain Pit, Uncertain Ditch, Uncertain Enclosure
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text: Character Analysis Kurtz One of the most enigmatic characters in twentieth-century literature, Kurtz is a petty tyrant, a dying god, an embodiment of Europe, and an assault on European values. These contradictory elements combine to make Kurtz so fascinating to Marlow — and so threatening to the Company. Like Marlow, Kurtz also wished to travel to Africa in search of adventure — specifically, to complete great acts of "humanizing, improving, instructing" (as he explains in his initial report to the Company). Once he tasted the power that could be his in the jungle, however, Kurtz abandoned his philanthropic ideals and set himself up as a god to the natives at the Inner Station. While he used to worry about the best ways to bring (as his painting demonstrates) the "light" of civilization to the Congo, he dies as a man believing that the Company should simply "Exterminate all the brutes!" Kurtz is a dangerous man because he gives the lie to the Company's "humanistic" intentions in the Congo. He returns more ivory than all the other stations put together, and does so through the use of absolute force. This frightens men like the Manager, who complains of Kurtz's "unsound method" — although Kurtz is only doing what the Company as a whole is doing without hiding his actions behind a façade of good intentions. Marlow remarks that "All Europe contributed to the making of Kurtz," and Kurtz's very existence proves this to be true: Like the Europeans involved in enterprises such as the Company, he epitomizes the greed and lust running wild that Marlow observes in the Congo. However, unlike the Company, Kurtz is not interested in his image or how he is perceived by "noxious fools" such as the Manager. While Brussels is a "whited sepulcher" of hypocrisy, Kurtz is completely open about his lusts. He tells the Manager he is "Not so sick as you'd like to believe." But this statement is applicable to all Europeans involved in imperialistic empire-building: While labeling Kurtz a morally "sick" man might seem comforting, he is actually an exaggeration of the impulses harbored in the hearts of men everywhere.


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A flash in the pan
[Update:It looks like Sony caught wind of what was going on and has temporarily removed the game to prevent folks from loading up on free Uncharted. It was fun while it lasted.]
Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception's single-player campaign is presently available free of charge for those with a United States PSN account. That's right, you don't even need a PS Plus subscription to get in on the action.
The solo portion Naughty Dog's action-adventure title has been offered as a Plus reward in the past, and the multiplayer component went free-to-play over a year ago. Still, this is a great opportunity to check out the game if you haven't already.
Uncharted 3 [PlayStation StoreviaJoystiq]


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Songs We Love: Horse Feathers, 'Violently Wild'
Songs We Love: Horse Feathers, 'Violently Wild'
Describing Horse Feathers almost inevitably diminishes the band's music: "Let's see, the lead singer has a beard and a soft voice, and he plays the acoustic guitar, and there's a string section. Oh, and they're from Portland, of course." All those identifying details hold true, and yet Horse Feathers' music never feels slight or ineffectual. Take an exquisitely pretty song like this one, in which Justin Ringle's dark words function like a current that pulls you under when you least expect it.
On Oct. 21, Horse Feathers will release So It Is With Us, and its first single, "Violently Wild," is due out tomorrow. (Watch an album trailer and pre-order here.) As you might imagine, the song's title is a bit of a misnomer — Horse Feathers' music has never fit been particularly violent or wild, lyrical content aside — but there's a zippy quality to it, and the band wears it well. Where the strings in past Horse Feathers songs provided chamber-folk shading, in "Violently Wild" they're employed with a welcome bit of energy, even aggression, without sacrificing the bracing beauty for which the band is rightly known.


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Peyton Manning Is The Best QB Ever & Other Things We Learned In NFL Week 7
Peyton Manning continued re-writing the NFL record books, and the Dallas Cowboys continued to be the NFL's hottest team. Here's what we learned on Sunday:
Peyton Manning Is Better Than Brett Favre
Peyton Manning threw four touchdown passes — the third of which broke Brett Favre's NFL career mark — and the Broncos blew out the San Francisco 49ers, 42-17, in Denver on Sunday night.
Manning's 8-yard scoring pass to Demaryius Thomas late in the second quarter gave him a record 509 TD passes. His Broncos teammates playfully tried to keep the ball used for the record-setting score away from the veteran QB, but then they all retreated to the sidelines while pre-recorded messages from Denver general manager John Elway and Favre were shown on the video board. Manning added another TD pass later. He may hold every major passing record by the time he's finished playing. If Manning can get the Broncos (5-1) back to the Super Bowl and win, he'll have another distinct edge over Favre in all-time quarterback rankings: two rings.
San Francisco (4-3) played as if Manning, Elway and Favre were all throwing against them, never cutting the deficit to single-digits after the first quarter.
The Seahawks Are A Hot Mess
A few weeks ago, the Seahawks beat the Broncos in overtime and seemed poised to go on the same type of run that led them to a Super Bowl title last season. Since then, Seattle (3-3) struggled to beat the Redskins, lost to the Cowboys at home, unceremoniously traded star receiver Percy Harvin to the Jets for a draft pick and were upset by the Rams, 28-26, in St. Louis on Sunday. Not good.
The Rams (2-4) used several amazing special teams plays, including a fake punt deep inside their own territory in the fourth quarter that sealed the win, to edge Seattle. The Seahawks' Russell Wilson threw for 313 yards and ran for 106 more, but he couldn't keep his team from falling to .500 on the season. The champs have time to rally into playoff contention, but they may not be able to divert the NFC road to the Super Bowl through Seattle again.
The Cowboys Are Streaking...So Are The Bengals
DeMarco Murray became the first player in NFL history to start a season with seven straight games of 100-plus rushing yards, and the Cowboys beat the Giants, 31-21, on Sunday. Tony Romo had three touchdown passes for Dallas (6-1), which won six games in a row for the first time since 2007. New York (2-4) led early, but they were unable to stop the Cowboys' offense when it counted in the second half.
The Bengals are also streaking — in the opposite direction. Cincinnati (3-2-1) hasn't won since Week 3, extending its misery with a 27-0 loss to the Colts. Indianapolis (5-2) won its fifth straight game. The Colts held the Bengals to eight first downs and registered their first shutout since December 2008.
Aaron Rodgers Is Rolling and So Are the Packers
Aaron Rodgers threw for 255 yards and three touchdowns, and the Packers dominated the Carolina Panthers, 38-17, in Green Bay on Sunday. The Packers (5-2) led 28-3 at halftime and pulled Rodgers early in the fourth quarter with the game well in-hand. It was the sixth straight game that Green Bay's franchise quarterback hasn't thrown an interception; the Pack has won five of them.
Carolina (3-3-1) tallied two late scores in mop-up time. Panthers' quarterback Cam Newton was harassed all day by the oft-maligned Green Bay defense.
Colt McCoy and Kyle Orton Led Their Teams To Victory. Really.
Several elite NFL quarterbacks helped their teams to wins on Sunday. So did Colt McCoy and Kyle Orton.
McCoy subbed in for an ineffective Kirk Cousins, and the Redskins edged the Titans, 19-17 in Landover, Md. on Sunday. McCoy directed a 10-play, 76-yard drive that ended with Kai Forbath's game-winning, 22-yard field goal as time expired. His first pass was a 70-yard TD bomb to Pierre Garcon, as Washington (2-5) rallied from a 10-6 halftime deficit to beat Tennessee (2-5).
Kyle Orton threw a 2-yard touchdown pass to Sammy Watkins with 1 second remaining and the Bills beat the Minnesota Vikings, 17-16, in Buffalo on Sunday. Orton wasn't exactly dominant — he had two turnovers and was sacked six times — but he did lead the Bills on the game-winning drive, his second of the season for Buffalo (4-3). Minnesota (2-5) dropped its third game in a row.
Other Scores
In other games, the Chiefs snapped the Chargers' five-game win streak on Cairo Santos' 48-yard field goal with 21 seconds left, and the Jaguars notched their first win in 2014.
Thursday, Oct. 16
New England 27, N.Y. Jets 25
Sunday, Oct. 19
Baltimore 29, Atlanta 7
Jacksonville 24, Cleveland 6
Miami 27, Chicago 14
Detroit 24, New Orleans 23
Kansas City 23, San Diego 20
Arizona 24, Oakland 13
Bye: Philadelphia, Tampa Bay


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The Chepman and Myllar prints
Title: | The Chepman and Myllar prints |
(28 pages) |
Printed: | Edinburgh, 1508 | |
Printer: | Chepman and Myllar | |
The poem The Complaint of the Black Knight was often attributed in Scotland to Chaucer. In fact the author was another English poet, John Lydgate. About the printersIn 1507 King James IV granted merchant Walter Chepman and bookseller Andro Myllar a licence to begin printing in Scotland. In 1508 they established their press in the Cowgate in Edinburgh. Nine items printed by Chepman and Myllar and two other related books make up the volume known as 'the Chepman and Myllar prints'. Together they form the first Scottish books. |
List all titles | View map showing printing towns |


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To all avid tennis fans out there: Mark your calendars!
The US Open 2010 is returning to Flushing Meadows-Corona Park this August 30! Here's your chance to watch the world's best players in action on your computer screen. We're providing live streaming on our online platform, www.totalsports.tv, as the players join battle in the world's toughest hard court tournament! Also, enjoy instant access to free live streaming in the early stages!


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A father was killed and his 15-year-old son was grazed by a bullet after they responded to an ad on Craigslist this weekend — a deadly robbery that ended Los Angeles' 10-day streak of no homicides in the city, authorities said.
The father -- identified as Rene Balbuena -- was responding to a Craigslist ad with his son about 7 p.m. Saturday. Balbuena was there to buy a cellphone, according to authorities.
Investigators believe Balbuena and his son knocked on a door thinking they were meeting the party who posted the advertisement, but were told to go away.
The pair was sitting in a car at 92nd Street and Gramercy Place in South Los Angeles when two men -- believed to be those who posted the ad -- walked up and opened fire into the car, investigators said.
The 41-year-old father of two was shot three times in the upper torso and pronounced dead at a hospital. His 15-year-old son was treated at a hospital for a graze wound.
A neighbor who wished to remain anonymous because the gunmen are still at large told NBC4 she heard the shooting and ran outside to help.
"I said 911 was coming, they're on the way. He said, 'Please lady, tell me my daddy is going to be alright,'" she recalled.
The slaying happened just hours after the Los Angeles Police Department announced that there had not been a homicide in the city in 10 days and 10 nights – the longest streak since 2010.
Although the streak is over, the city homicide rate is still down 9 percent since last year, LAPD said.
"Homicides do happen," LAPD spokesman Cleon Joseph said. "We're happy we had a streak of this nature."
No arrests have been made in this most recent killing, and the shooters are still at large.
"We're still talking to witnesses -- we just have a general description, right now," said LAPD detective Chris Barling.


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Changing climate, changing issues
Cities and their universities evolved from the integrated residential patterns of the high Middle Ages to a more distinct partition. As colleges acquired physical facilities, visible campuses formed with a proximate student population. Residential colleges became a fixture in European universities, while American colleges (often located in small towns) sequestered students in dormitories under close supervision. The lines that defined the two communities were clearly drawn. But this distinction was becoming blurred by the 1970s.
Not a Plan for a Town, but a Project for Living
Our aim:
Recreate in a pleasant and festive perimeter, a community of knowledge and research to promote the cultural development of Central Asia.
Central Asia
In modern contexts, all definitions of Central Asia consensually include these five republics of the former Soviet Union: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, for a total population of 70 million. Other areas often included are Mongolia, Afghanistan, northern and western Pakistan, northeastern Iran, Kashmir, and sometimes Xinjiang in western China and southern Siberia in Russia.
Important Notice
Due to serious concern with our current CMS, we have decided to move to another system. The migration will take several weeks. During this period, the site won't behave correctly. Please, forgive us!
However, you can continue to read The Gazette of Central Asia at this new address: gca.satrapia.com.


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GCI magazine: Innovation is obviously a key to great business, but it can be very difficult. What do you think are the keys to creating an atmosphere for innovation?
Jane Henderson, global president for beauty and personal care, Mintel: Building a DNA for the company to successfully support innovation.
The ever-changing environment means that the company's strategy and tactics need to endlessly adapt, yet the team's core values need to remain unchanged. This is a key consideration for the leadership team when building a larger company either through MBOs, mergers or organic growth. The continuous pursuit of new ideas and innovation is ever more necessary where so many brands simply emulate the next.
Leaders continuously celebrating differences, openly encouraging views and opinions, will ultimately deliver the best- selling product and services for their brand. Employing thirsty individuals who are keen to bring the next big idea to the CEO's attention, united with an excellent "toolbox" of resources. makes for the best combination.
Developing a DNA creates some demanding challenges to the leadership team; therefore partnering with a company that delivers regular insight to allow individuals to discover, define, develop and deliver can allow new white space to be explored, disturb current thinking, realize potential, build blueprints and create a proposition that ticks the boxes for capability and fit.
GCI: Nowadays, is seems like every new product is labeled as "innovative" while maybe it is just a retread of similar products with just slight tweaks or new marketing. How can you discern what is really innovative to what is merely new? Can "innovative" be applied to consumer outreach efforts and/or marketing tactics, or should it strictly be associated with R&D creations?
JH: Innovation is essentially a combination of many aspects. At Mintel, we consider many aspects, including unmet needs of the consumer and new technologies driving new concepts, as well as learning from other categories. Our innovation process allows clients to drive an idea into a value proposition. The question we ask is, "Renovation or breakthrough?" The skill is to contextualize it and deliver a profitable and sustainable product.
GCI: What do you think are the hallmarks of true innovation?
JH: A breakthrough product or idea. When consumers look at a product twice, then get excited enough to buy it.
Some of the innovation we have seen within the beauty industry can be classified as breakthrough. We have seen technology increase and allow products to fill unmet needs of consumers, as well as new segmentations and innovative packaging.
Innovation is key aspects within a product than actually make the consumer stop, look and then buy is the real skill.
GCI: Why do you feel like consumers react so much to buzzwords like "innovate" or "state of the art" or "cutting edge"? Do you think they distinguish between the marketing of innovation and actual innovative products?
JH: Younger females are drawn to the marketing products, which are labeled more innovative as it allows them to be at the forefront of trends, especially when introduced to the concept via social media networks, allowing them to share experiences and being the pioneer. Marketing has a great influence on 16–24-year-olds, [often more so than] the actual product. Older consumers tend to look for more evidence and seek opinion.
GCI: What trends to you see pushing innovation in beauty product development in the future?
JH: We have just announced the key trend set to impact global beauty consumers in 2014—Mixologiste. Blurred lines between beauty, technology and more are becoming increasingly common, with overlaps between skin care, hair care and color cosmetics. Combining the most exciting technology and marketing from more than one category, manufacturers are creating new combinations with new products, packaging, marketing and merchandise.
Mixologiste is fast becoming the standout trend that spans all beauty and personal care categories. This is a key mega trend, in development for the last year or so, but we are set to see it really accelerating in 2014. While manufacturers have worked with multifunctionality for a number of years, we are now seeing them take inspiration from completely different categories to create new products and marketing messages. The huge success of BB creams has led manufacturers to think about how they can build on their existing portfolios and add excitement to sometimes saturated sectors. New combinations will continue to evolve, resulting in new products, packaging, marketing and merchandising. This will add a new sense of excitement to the market and will drive innovation in the year ahead.
GCI: How can beauty brands better connect their innovation efforts to consumer products? And how can brands share their innovation story with consumers?
JH: As much as consumers love to communicate via social media, they love to test products. Brands that reward user interaction via surveys and endorsements offering product samples and promotions, allow "play" and bring the consumer closer to their range. In turn, consumers are more swayed by a product that they can get instant results from.
GCI: Why is innovation so important in the beauty business?
JH: Competition is fierce. The consumer is demanding and spoiled by the ever-increasing number of products launches, which consistently produce new and innovative ways of fulfilling a specific problem, or indeed, appeal to aspirational wishes.
If you fail to innovate, then a best-selling product could suddenly become a burden overnight.


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• prig •
Pronunciation: prig • Hear it!
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: 1. A self-righteous puritanical prude, someone excessively concerned with decorum. 2. A conceited snob or, as George Eliot puts it in Middlemarch, ". . .a fellow who is always making you a present of his opinions."
Notes: As a sign of our sympathy for everyone struggling with English spelling, we always add a note of amazement when we find a word like this one, spelled the way it is pronounced. This word comes with a hint of facetiousness that encourages playful derivations. The adjective is simply priggish, but there is a healthy clan of nouns, including prigdom, the domain of all prigs taken together (if you can); prighood, that quality that makes a prig a prig; priggery, the behavior of a prig, and priggism, a more sedate term for the last meaning.
In Play: A priggish woman is usually one who dresses very conservatively, even in an old-fashioned manner: "Lyda Cain is so mysterious I'm not sure if she wears high collars because she is such a prig or to hide some embarrassing tattoo on her neck." Conceited snobs, on the other hand, are apt to dress very smartly: "That prig, Morty Skusting, must think he is the king of the universe, telling the rest of us how we should live our lives!"
Word History: No one knows the origin of this word, just that it has been around a long time. It first appeared meaning "a tinker" in 1567, but by 1610 it meant "a thief". In 1676 it was being used to refer to a fop or dandy and by 1693 it was being used in British slang to refer to a Puritan, but in the sense of a religious nonconformist or iconoclast. When the Puritans came to the US, the word came with them and, as the Puritans became known for their prudishness, that meaning slipped over onto today's Good Word.
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With employment at nine percent, even graduates of expensive four-year colleges are finding it hard to get jobs. Did they waste their time and their parents' money? Are there alternatives to prepare for work in a changing economy? Also, an update on Japan's nuclear mess, and sexting by members of Congress. It may be shocking, but taking risks with the economy is a lot worse.
Banner image: Microsoft founder and philanthropist Bill Gates is a Harvard dropout who made it big as an entrepreneur. Photo: Raveendran/AFP/Getty Images


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Sitting atop Dante's Peak, Calif., 5,475 feet above the salt-crusted floor of Death Valley, they ate hash browns at 5:30 a.m. and argued about which nearby mountain would reveal the sun's first rays. One thing they all agreed on: It's good to be in class during IAP.
The 17 people eating breakfast and waiting for sunrise were students and faculty members of 12.102 (Environmental Earth Science Field Course) turned loose in California and Nevada for 10 geology-filled days and cookout-filled nights.
Beginning and ending in Las Vegas, professors Samuel Bowring and Timothy Grove of earth, atmospheric and planetary sciences led students through the Mojave Desert to view geological features they couldn't see in New England -- volcanoes, landslides, fault scarps, a geothermal power plant, sand-scoured canyons, catastrophic erosion and bubbling hot springs. The group also visited the proposed nuclear waste depository at Yucca Mountain, and the Hoover Dam and Lake Mead.
Geology students have been taking advantage of this unusual IAP course offered periodically since 1994. A major theme this year was water management. The growing human demand and diminishing water reserves due to a three-year drought in that part of the country are creating a crisis. Lake Mead, whose surface is now 77 feet below the "full" level, had a huge white bathtub ring around it.
Campfire readings of Marc Reisner's book "Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water" were followed by a screening of the PBS special of the same name at the White Mountain Research Station in Bishop, Calif. It tells how Los Angeles took the water rights of California's Owens Valley and funneled the water south to the city via aqueduct. Students drove through the valley and saw the result firsthand -- the Owens salt pan, formerly Owens Lake. Other relevant film entertainment included a viewing of "Chinatown," a 1974 movie directed by Roman Polanski based on the Owens Valley water grab.
On desert evenings, the group relaxed by roasting marshmallows on yucca-plant spits while swapping geology jokes as they earned academic credits thousands of miles from campus.


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MAMAMOO's highly successful 2018 has been filled with mini albums that follow a "four seasons," color-specific concept. March's "Starry Night" was painted with yellow, while summer hit "Egotistic" burned with red. As we move closer to winter, new single "Wind Flower" takes on a blue hue, as well as a more pensive tone.
When put into the context of idol music, "Wind Flower" barely feels like a title track at all. However, that shouldn't come as much of a surprise. One of the driving forces behind MAMAMOO's rise to the top has been their ability to skirt the line between idol pop and a more indie-focused sensibility. "Wind Flower" falls closer to the latter, but bolsters its gentle groove with a breezy sing-along hook. Much of the group's work this year has felt quite trendy. In contrast, "Wind Flower" boasts a timeless appeal.
Timelessness doesn't automatically denote quality, and "Wind Flower" could do with some tightening here and there. Too much of the song floats by on innocuous charm, which makes thematic sense given its lyrical touchstones. But while the verses are prone to meandering, I love that we get some guitar in the instrumental. "Wind Flower" is rooted in an almost folksy blend of instrumentation — pretty far removed from the group's usual r&b influences.
And then there's the song's chorus, which feels effortlessly realized. It may not hit with the impact of MAMAMOO's most iconic material, but its light, nuanced touch packs a surprisingly emotional catharsis. With one more "season" to go in their series of releases, this is an understated, effective way to end the year.


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Classic toy Spirograph makes a comeback thanks to Ann Arbor-based company
Daniel J. Brenner | AnnArbor.com
Now, thanks to Ann Arbor-based Kahootz Toys, the toy will be available again for nostalgic Baby Boomers to pass along to younger friends and family.
Courtesy Kahootz Toys
"It became less of a drafting kit and more of a toy for young children," Brent Oeschger, co-founder of Kahootz Toys, said.
"The only way you could find the classic Spirograph was to go on Ebay or from second-hand stores."
Oeschger, Doug Cass, Joe Yassay, and Colleen Loughman, had all worked in the toy and childrens consumer product industry for the past 20 years when their former company, Giddy Up, was sold last year.
The four got together with the idea to bring back the classic children's toy, and through a connection at Hasbro pitched the plan to the company that still owns the brand.
"Our pitch was to go in there and say 'you have a brand that has tremendous recognition, everyone knows this name, and you're currently only marketing it to a tiny segment of small children,'" Oeschger said.
"With our experience in arts and crafts and drawing products, we can reinvigorate the Spirograph brand and bring it to a whole new generation."
Hasbro liked the pitch enough to grant Kahootz exclusive license to use the brand in North America.
Denys Fisher created the original toy in England in the mid 1960s. The brand was brought to America by Kenner, Inc. shortly after and was eventually acquired by Hasbro. Spirograph was named Toy of the Year in 1967 by the British Association of Toy Realtors.
"There's a lot of pent up demand from parents and grandparents to find the initial toy to give as a gift," Oeschger said.
That pent up demand is showing up in initial sales figures at local retailer Learning Express.
"We've been selling them like crazy," store supervisor Shelby Sommer said.
"Just in the first day we stocked them we sold at least 70, that's huge for us. And that's with no major marketing campaign or anything. Right now we have them out in front of the register so customers will see them."
Hasbro did not have any active manufacturing of the Spirograph, so Kahootz had to re-engineer the pieces and complete the tooling process for manufacturing. The only major change to the product is a new SpiroPutty to hold the gears to the paper.
"The earliest version had metal pushpins to hold the plastic pieces down. Then started using plastic brackets but those would still poke through the paper," Oeschger said.
"In the 90s they tried to solve the problem by creating a bulky 'desk' of plastic, but that meant you could deliver fewer gears. The number of gears and options was the magic of the toy, so that's why we developed the putty."
Kahootz ordered an initial run of 12,000 Spirograph sets that currently are being shipped around the country. Oeschger said more sets have been ordered and they would be delivered soon to the company's warehouse in the Airport Boulevard office park.
The company has plans for the toy beyond the recreation of the original product.
"We think that the Spirograph iconography, the designs the toy makes, is something we can really branch out," Oeschger said.
"Play patterns, room decorations, painting, anything that your end result has that iconography we feel we can brand as 'Spirograph' and create an umbrella arts and crafts product like that can house numerous creative play patterns."
If you're still looking for a last minute holiday present, or just a little bit of nostalgia for yourself, you can find the Spirograph at Learning Express in the Westgate Shopping Center.
Related: Unwrapping memories - What toy do you miss from your childhood?
Ben Freed covers business for AnnArbor.com. You can sign up here to receive Business Review updates every week. Reach out to Ben at 734-623-2528 or email him at email@example.com. Follow him on twitter @BFreedinA2
Leean Palmer
Mon, Feb 18, 2013 : 3:22 a.m.
I would love to have the Super Spirograph in metal disks that would last forever!! It would be worth the extra expense and the icon would be forever out there for ALL to enjoy!! I have a digital cutter mackine and work with heavy guaged aluminum in alot of art projects; titanium is also soft and yet strong. I believe the possibilities are absolute and worth trying!!! Of course I would be doing it for personal use as to not infringe upon any patent holdings. Got any ideas?? Also the Togl toys rocked also!!
Leean Palmer
Mon, Feb 18, 2013 : 3:13 a.m.
I love Spirograph and also Togl toys by Kenner; truly awesome unique building block set!
Sun, Dec 23, 2012 : 9:24 p.m.
I miss Tinker Toys
Sun, Dec 23, 2012 : 4:44 p.m.
I was not aware that this, one of my favorite toys, was out of print. Great that it is being brought back. I have about a six sets from across the years, and the newer ones are lame. I also have a few early other gear based art generators, like Hootenanny Magic Designer. Hope this new one is as good as the original Spirograph. Now, would anyone from Kahootz like to see the work I have done developing a Spirograph App?
Sun, Dec 23, 2012 : 4:08 p.m.
I wish Learning Express didn't have all those live frogs fighting for their lives behind the register. It's a macabre, gratuitous display. It preculdes me going there anymore. I saw the Spiorgraph the other day and wanted it. I really did. I decided not to buy anything from them, however. Instead, I went to the toystore in Kerrytown.
Sun, Dec 23, 2012 : 3:57 p.m.
Sweet! I worked with all the Kahootz people and they are very talented and passionate about their products. I was lucky enough to observe the development of this and the result is everything the original was and better! Retooling of the original gears, eliminating map pins or pegs (using the spiroputty), great graphics on reusable packaging. I am very proud to have know these folk!
Sun, Dec 23, 2012 : 2:49 p.m.
Groovy commercial.
Sun, Dec 23, 2012 : 1:36 p.m.
That story made my day. What a great toy that was in the day. No plugs or batteries, just a pen!
Ann English
Thu, Dec 27, 2012 : 2:09 p.m.
No electricity needed, but pens, paper and cardboard had to be replenished; yes, I used it with pushpins. Spirograph is an outlet for kids' creativity. Learn basics from the examples in the booklet, and then a kid can build creatively from there. Hopefully, today's version comes with TWO racks, so that kids can put a ring between them to create the "continuous" designs we could draw in the sixties.
Linda Peck
Sun, Dec 23, 2012 : 1:24 p.m.
Is this truly the original? I would be interested in this if it were the original style. Also, as The Midge asked above, price and place of manufacture are important to me.
Sun, Dec 23, 2012 : 4:27 p.m.
Would pay more if a product is made in the United States? I have worked in the toy industry for many years (I am NOT with Kahootz and I do not speak for them). Typically, you will find that you will have to pay more for domestic product of this kind.
The Midge
Sun, Dec 23, 2012 : 12:22 p.m.
Cost??? Made in what country???
Donald Martin
Sun, Dec 23, 2012 : 8:45 p.m.
$24.99 - Made In China


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Flywheels useful as a power protection alternative
For some control applications, a brief power outage or brownout is an inconvenience. However, for the majority of computer-controlled processes, even a momentary glitch in the power supply is completely unacceptable, as well as costly. The traditional means of guaranteeing a continuous power supply has been the use of battery-based uninterruptible power systems (UPSs) along with engine gen-sets.
While UPSs are a proven solution, their lead-acid batteries are slow to recharge, require constant maintenance, are temperature sensitive, and pose a heavy environmental cost. Proper disposal – governed by strict environmental regulations – is also an issue.
Battery manufacturers state that battery life can be maintained for at least four years if they are kept at a constant temperature of 75 °F and experience no excessive cycling. This can be problematic for facilities that experience frequent short duration power interruptions. Every time the batteries are called upon in such instances, the battery cycling degrades the overall life of the battery. In addition, most batteries for UPSs are connected in series, which means than one dead cell in the string can render the string useless.
Acting as a mechanical battery, the flywheel stores kinetic energy in a high-speed rotating group and converts it back into electrical energy to support critical loads. Providing ride-through time to bridge power to the backup generators, the flywheel system is a space saving, near-zero maintenance, and affordable means of guaranteeing constant power for mission-critical installations. A 2006 Federal Technology Alert by the U.S. Department of Energy stated, "Flywheels appear poised to replace or supplement batteries as a backup power supply in UPS systems. …Although the initial cost of a flywheel is typically greater than batteries it would be replacing or supplementing, its longer life and simpler maintenance will often result in lower life-cycle costs."
Flywheel technology stores kinetic energy in a quiet, spinning disk to provide a reliable and predictable source of dc power. With recent advances that have made it more compact and able to support higher power applications, flywheel technology has emerged as a reliable, environmentally friendly power protection solution that stores energy mechanically instead of chemically, thereby enhancing dependability and reducing the carbon footprint.
Designed for high power, short-duration applications, a flywheel system can replace lead-acid batteries by working like a dynamic battery that stores energy kinetically by spinning a mass around an axis. Electrical input spins the flywheel rotor up to speed, and a standby charge keeps it spinning 24/7 until called upon to release the stored energy (see cut-away image).
Proven technology used in the flywheel allows the flywheel hub, which is a high-speed permanent magnet motor/generator with contact-free magnetic bearings, to levitate 100% and sustain the rotor during operation. This configuration allows the rotor hub to spin with no metal contact, eliminating bearing wear, bearing oiling or greasing, or maintenance. As a result, no bearing replacements are required for the life of the flywheel.
Unlike traditional batteries, the flywheel can charge and discharge at high rates for countless cycles without degradation throughout its 20-year life. The amount of energy available and its duration is proportional to its mass and the square of its revolution speed.
When used in conjunction with a UPS system, fly-wheels can provide uninterrupted DC ride-through power and voltage stabilization during brief utility power disruptions and brownout situations, preserving the battery array for use in longer-term outages. Most backup generators require six to 10 seconds to come on-line and connect with the UPS via the automatic transfer switch.
Some flywheel units can provide up to 300 kW of instant ride-through power and voltage stabilization for more than 20 seconds (or other combinations of power and time), which is more than enough time for the major-ity of electrical disturbances.
When comparing the life-cycle cost of batteries with the life-cycle cost of flywheels, it's clear which technology has a longer cost savings over the life of the technology. What most engineers have discovered is that the flywheel has been favored over batteries due to an ROI in three to four years.
However, it is important to know that the purchasing decision is not necessarily an either-or option since the flywheel can be used with or without batteries.
When used with batteries, the flywheel is the first line of defense against damaging power glitches because it absorbs all short-duration discharges.
As a result, the flywheel reduces the number and frequency of discharges, which shorten battery life. When the flywheel is used with the UPS and no batteries, the system will provide instant power to the connected load exactly as it would with a battery string.
If the power event lasts long enough to be considered a "hard" outage (rather than just a transient outage), the flywheel hands off to the engine-generator.
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St Marie's School
St Marie's School had an international flair. Still, "international" may be to draw the long bow. The school was German, the pupils were German and the teacher was German. Many pupils were children of soldiers belonging to the a "private soldier company"; the Delmerhortsian Company.
St Marie's School was established in 1779. The school was situated at Vetrlidsallmenning in central Bergen. Children of German descend and with a poor background attended this school, mostly children whose fathers belonged to a German military company, the Delmerhortsian Company.
Children of German descend and with a poor background attended this school.
In the late 18th century there was a revolt among poor fishermen and farmers, against the rich traders in Bergen. This was called The Strils' War. "The Strils" was the townsfolks' rather disparaging term for small farmers and fisher families living in the coastal areas around Bergen. It was after the riot had been struck down that the Delmerhortsian Company arrived in Bergen as a mercenary company, to maintain law and order. The company brought their wives and children with them. After having completed their job, many soldiers chose to settle down in Bergen. Their children ended up in St Marie's School together with other German children from poor families.
It was the congregation of Mariakirken – St Mary's church – that collected the money to buy a new house in Vetrlidsallmenning, and had a teacher brought in from Itzehoe in Holstein, Germany.
Til alle som har en fot i fortidens Bergen - hva med Elisabeth Welhavens fornøyelige historier fra Bergen rundt 1800? Boken kan bestilles på Histos forlag!