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At 0227 hours on the morning of June 6, 1944, Lieutenant Robert Mathias saw the red light flash above the door of his C47 "Dakota" aircraft, signaling his men to get ready to parachute into a terrifying blackness that was streaked with machine-gun tracers and punctuated by exploding rounds from four-barrel 20-millimeter Flakvierling-38 anti-aircraft guns. The Cotentin Peninsula loomed beneath him as he stared into an abyss crackling with enemy fire and crawling with Nazi troops. Machine-gun rounds peppered their slow-moving, easily targetable transport, "sounding like rocks being shaken in a tin can," Stephen Ambrose reports. Then, just as he was ready to jump, a shell exploded nearby, shredding his reserve chute, propelling red-hot flak into his chest, and slamming his body to the floor. The light flashed green. He got up. He didn't have to. He could've crawled away, let his men jump without him, returned to England, get treated. But he got up anyway, struggled to the open door, yelled, "Follow me!" and leaped into the hellish maw of combat below, and to his death. And into the history books as well.
For they all knew they were making history, from the lowliest privates slugging it out with their M1 Garands, or BARs, or flamethrowers, to those at the peak of the Allied and German command structures. Everyone knew the stakes involved, especially Hitler, for whom the defeat of the invasion of France constituted "the sole decisive factor in the whole conduct of the war and hence in its final result."
It is not hard to see why. The war had not been going well for the Third Reich, especially on the Russian front since the defeats at Stalingrad and Kursk in 1943, where the Russians had succeeded in demolishing entire armies in the German order of battle. Still, the situation for Germany was not hopeless; far from it. Indeed, the Germans had conquered so much territory that they could afford to exchange it for time to recoup their losses, strike back at the Soviets, stabilize the line in the east, and perhaps arrange for a separate peace, which is approximately what happened in World War I. Best of all, the grotesque alliance arrayed against Germany could not be expected to hold together. Or so he reasoned.
Interestingly, Hitler's thinking was mirrored at least in part by those in charge of Western strategy. Without question, a failed invasion of France would constitute a calamity of incalculable proportions for the Western allies. It would takes months—perhaps an additional year—to reorganize and mount a similar endeavor, giving the Germans additional time to prepare. Perhaps worst of all would be the damage to troop morale, along with the corrosive effects on American and British public opinion. The British had little stomach for more years of war, and Americans were habitually impatient, a mordant combination that might have concluded military operations with an armistice instead of a surrender, and before the availability of atomic weapons.
Further, the record of previous amphibious landings was not particularly instructive, though they had been successful—three in Sicily and Italy—but these had been against unfortified coastlines. The attack made by the Canadians in 1942 at Dieppe, a skeletally fortified port in northern France, was a catastrophe. Yet, if the Americans and British were serious about defeating Hitler, the attempt had to be made and it had to succeed, because the alternatives were unthinkable: a continent dominated by two totalitarian powers, or worse, a Soviet victory over Nazi Germany, which would result in Russian domination of Europe from the Atlantic to the Urals.
Indeed, it is this latter possibility that brings into bold relief the long-term significance of the Allied victory on D-Day, in that the triumph over Nazi Germany in 1944 and 1945 saved Western Europe from being conquered by an equally barbaric Soviet Union. In short, the seeds of the West's ultimate Cold War victory a half century later were planted on the bloody beaches of Normandy, because in the long run not one but two totalitarian powers collapsed—one in 1945, the other in 1991—as a result of our victory on D-Day. In his simple, direct way, Eisenhower stated it best: "We cannot afford to fail." He was more prescient than he knew.
A week after D-Day, Ernie Pyle wrote in his column, "Now that it is over it seems to me a pure miracle that we ever took the beach at all." Rather, make that tens of thousands of miracles, all consisting of heroic young men who formed the backbone of "aroused democracies," to use the words of Eisenhower again. Men like Lieutenant Robert Mathias, who, by sacrificing his life saved the world—twice, as it were—along with thousands of others who fought and died on D-Day.


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Ganging Up on Gratitude
The Bishop and the Atheist Warn of Too Much Thanks
A Thanksgiving Meditation
These are days of strange alliances in evil. That is what evil has always done. Remember how Pilate and Herod were adversaries until their common abuse of Jesus knit them together? "Herod and Pilate became friends with each other that very day, for before this they had been at enmity with each other" (Luke 23:12).
That's the way it is with the bishop and the atheist. They are united in blasting the power of God and the cross of Christ as putting poor Christians in the pitiful position of permanent gratitude.
The atheist is Christopher Hitchens who just published the book, God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything. He recently debated Dinesh D'Souza, a fellow at Hoover Institution at Stanford University. In the debate Hitchens said that those of us who believe in the God of Christianity are "condemned to live in this posture of gratitude, permanent gratitude, to an unalterable dictatorship in whose installation we had no say."
The bishop is John Shelby Spong, the retired bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Newark. In his recent book, Jesus for the Non-Religious, he blasts the miserable condition of gratitude that the cross of Christ has produced for centuries.
What does the cross mean? How is it to be understood? Clearly the old pattern of seeing the cross as the place where the price of the fall was paid is totally inappropriate. Aside from encouraging guilt, justifying the need for divine punishment and causing an incipient sadomasochism that has endured with a relentless tenacity through the centuries, the traditional understanding of the cross of Christ has become inoperative on every level. As I have noted previously, a rescuing deity results in gratitude, never in expanded humanity. Constant gratitude, which the story of the cross seems to encourage, creates only weakness, childishness and dependency." (277, empasis added)
What can we say to this ganging up on gratitude?
To the Atheist:
Permanent, unalterable gratitude to an infinitely glorious Creator who loves us is what we were made for. The fact that we had no say in our creation is what creation means. It's also what birth means. Neither God nor Mother Nature gives anyone the choice to be created or born. There is a lesson in that. We are dependent. That's not debatable. It's just the way it is. But if you embrace the reality of dependence and follow it all the way to the free gift of salvation through Christ, it is not condemnation but liberation. It does not feel disempowering to be called a "fellow-heir of God" (Romans 8:17).
To the Bishop:
"Yes," Bishop Spong, "'a rescuing deity results in gratitude.' That's true. We cannot stop the mercy of God from doing what it does. He has rescued us from our selfishness and its horrible endpoint, hell. Our hearts cannot stop feeling what they feel—gratitude.
You say this encourages "weakness." Not exactly. It encourages being strong in a way that makes God look good, and makes us feel glad. For example, Jesus said to the apostle Paul, "My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness." Paul responded, "Therefore I will boast all the more gladly of my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may rest upon me. . . . For when I am weak, then I am strong" (2 Corinthians 12:9). So his dependence made him stronger than he would have been otherwise. He is strong with the strength of Christ.
You say this "constant gratitude" produces "childishness." Not really. Children do not naturally say thank you. They come into the world believing that the world owes them everything they want. You have to drill "thank you" into the selfish heart of a child. Feeling grateful and saying it often is a mark of remarkable maturity. We have a name for people who don't feel thankful for what they receive. We call them ingrates. And everyone knows they are acting like selfish children. They are childish. No, Bishop Spong, God wants us to grow up into mature, thoughtful, wise, humble, thankful people. The opposite is childish.
In fact the opposite is downright cranky. C. S. Lewis, before he was a Christian, really disliked the message of the Bible that we should thank and praise God all the time. Then everything changed. What he discovered was not that praising and thanking made people childish, but that it made them large-hearted and healthy. He said, 'The humblest, and at the same time most balanced and capacious, minds praised most while the cranks, misfits and malcontents praised least.' That is my experience. When I am ungrateful, I am selfish and immature. When I am overflowing with gratitude I am healthy, other-oriented, servant-minded, Christ-exalting, and joyful.
To the Atheist and the Bishop:
You both seem to assume that the affection of gratitude is puerile and unsatisfying—something we need to grow out of if we would be deeply joyful and useful people. Presumably you feel that way because, in your experience, being self-sufficient and being thanked is more satisfying than feeling dependent and thankful. I have tasted this pleasure you seem to prefer. It is the pleasure of power—the pleasure of being above others so that they must give you thanks rather than the other way around.
This is what Jesus warned against when he said, "The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them, and those in authority over them are called benefactors" (Luke 22:25). "Benefactors"—people who don't want to say thank you to others, but like it when people say thank you to them. Your discomfort with gratitude—your sense that it is an unhappy and dissatisfying disposition—is not auspicious for your souls. It is very dangerous.
May I humbly invite you, and others you have influenced, into the lowly ranks of the dependent, thankful, happy, children of the living God on this Thanksgiving Day. There is great grace. Great forgiveness. All-supplying mercy. All-satisfying Beauty. Inexhaustible wisdom. It is all in Jesus Christ. And it lasts forever. May we say together, "Thanks be to God for his indescribable Gift."

subset: commoncrawl


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Chinese Luxury Spending Declines Sharply Due To Chinese Government's Austerity Plan
The Chinese government's austerity plan, instituted last December to combat corruption and bribery, is having the effect of reducing the amount of luxury goods the Chinese are buying, and slowing the expansion plans of global luxury good brands in China, according to 21cbh.com.
China has recently surpassed the U.S. as the top consumer of luxury goods, according to a 2012 study by Bain & Company – the Chinese make up 25 percent of the luxury goods market. On the other hand, China's per capita GDP, while rising steadily, is still lagging behind about 80 countries. The country's consumption of luxury goods is another indicator of the ever-widening economic disparity between the wealthy and poor. However, China's consumer spending on luxury goods may soon be on a sharp decline.
At the end of last year, the Chinese government announced an austerity plan to discourage overspending, especially within state-owned organizations and agencies. In addition, it has banned advertising of luxury goods in state-run media. Already, these steps are showing results: In the period from Jan. 20 to Feb. 20, 2013, the Chinese new year holiday, traditionally the highest-spending period for the country, mainland China's luxury spending totaled $830 million, a fall of 53 percent compared to the same period last year. Many luxury brands are slowing their expansion plans, not opening new stores for the time being.
Part of this decline can likely be attributed to the large difference in pricing of luxury goods in China and overseas. Chinese consumers are now wising up to that difference and have become increasingly global in their shopping – 60 percent of the total luxury spending by Chinese citizens in 2012, $34.6 billion, took place outside of China, according to the Bain report, and in 2012 luxury goods consumption in China only grew 7 percent, a far cry from more than 30 percent in the previous two years.
But a big part of the story is a tightening of spending on luxury goods using government funds. Luxury brands, it seems, have adapted themselves to the Chinese market.
"Whatever they buy, they can get a receipt that says, 'office supplies'," a luxury brand's sales consultant, who preferred to remain unidentified, said. "That makes the reimbursement easy."
It's common practice in China for employees to get reimbursed for work-related expenses, which usually does not include luxury goods purchases.
"Some customers don't ask for prices when they purchase," the sales consultant said. "Because usually it's not their money they are spending."
It seems common sense that a receipt should reflect what was purchased. However, in China, international luxury brands have indulged consumers' special needs. These companies know very well whether this practice is legal or not, and have become increasingly concerned that assisting in the spending of public funds will cause them trouble. Last year, with the austerity plan, many luxury brands issued internal notices, announcing that the stores should not provide wrongly labeled receipts any longer.
"Without these receipts," a sales person for a luxury brand said, "our sales have gone down 20 percent."
© Copyright IBTimes 2024. All rights reserved.


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The Mote in God's Eye / Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle | ||||||
Reviewed by Tal Cohen | Monday, 11 December 2006 | |||||
In the "Empire of Man" stories by Jerry Pournelle, this is exactly what happens. The human empire, out amongst the stars thanks to the Alderson Drive, does find life in various planets, even complex animal life, but no intelligent life. In other words, there is nobody for us to talk with. Then, suddenly, in 3017 AD, the Moties are discovered, as a single slower-than-light ship arrives, after over a century of travel, from their system — The Mote — to the New Caledonia system. Will they be friendly? Will they be nice? Clearly, they have no faster-than-light travel, but perhaps they do have other technologies or cultural riches that can benefit mankind? INSS MacArthur, commanded by aristocrat Rod Blaine, is sent to intercept the ship. But things don't end up all too well:
A military and scientific team is hastily assembled and sent to the Mote system. The Moties are discovered as intelligent, friendly, and talkative; their technology, in particular, is far more advanced than humankind's. It is purely by chance that they were not able to leave their system so far: they did discover the physics that led to the development of the Alderson Drive (which they call the Crazy Eddie drive). But none of the ships they've sent through the Alderson Point (err, Crazy Eddie point) in their system ever returned. The humans know that this happens because the Point in the Mote system leads directly into the edge of a nearby star; no human ship could have made the trip without the protective Langston Field, but the Moties apparently never discovered that field. Now, do we greet them and tell them all about it? After all, they do seem like such a peaceful, lovable race... Except that they hold a terrible secret. The Mote in God's Eye was Niven and Pournelle's first collaboration, and a wildly successful one. Although each of the authors has his own unique style, they make out an excellent pair (as also evident in later books, such as Lucifer's Hammer). No previous familiarity with Pournelle's Empire of Man universe is assumed in this book, which in fact outshines any other work that takes place in the same universe.
(Spoiler) Motie Biology [by Tal Cohen] [Unfold this reply] | ||
Motie Biology [by Kalaong] [3 replies in thread] [Unfold this thread] |
Hi Tal [by Yakir Ari] [2 replies in thread] [Unfold this thread] |
Watchmakers and evolution [by Gabriel Hanna] [2 replies in thread] [Unfold this thread] |


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My oh my, is this nursery adorable or what?! Interior designer (and fellow Minneapolis dweller) Kristen of Cottage Modern wanted a bright, fresh space for her brand new baby Tate. She chose the aqua and orange color palette to go along with all the crisp white, with whimsical touches everywhere you look! I love the cute map letters she made, the ottoman pouf from etsy shop aletafae and all of the cute nautical touches (we need more of that in Minnesota!) Last but definitely not least, I am just loving the fab built-ins she painted Sherwin Williams Meander Blue to offset all the bright accessories! (The rest of the room is Restoration Hardware's Pale Silver, above the board and batten paneling.) You don't want to miss out on the before's of this space (it was quite a transformation!) so head on over to Cottage Modern for more!
Love turquoise? Visit my shopping blog Everything Turquoise…updated several times throughout the day! Check out Decor by Color for even more color-themed shopping!


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More people stay 'Connected' on vacation via web: study
(HealthDay) -- Easy online access and the popularity of personal electronic devices mean that an increasing number of people are staying connected while on vacation, researchers report.
"Not that long ago, travelers would need to find a payphone or send postcards to brag about their vacations. Now they just log on and send photos and text," study co-author Christine Vogt, a professor of community agriculture, recreation and resource studies at Michigan State University, said in a university news release.
"Our results show clearly how the changing nature of [information technology] behavior in everyday life is spilling over into our vacations," she added.
The new study found that the number of people using smartphones has recently tripled. In addition, wireless use is now greater when people are on vacation (40 percent) than at home (25 percent), and folks are more likely to use the Internet to plan vacations (80 percent) than for work (70 percent).
"Travelers are using their laptops and phones more often, and not just to plan vacations," Vogt explained. "Since Wi-Fi is available at most destinations, tourists are checking local weather forecasts, transportation schedules, restaurant recommendations, fishing reports, safe bicycling routes and much more."
The study will be published in the July edition of the journal Annals of Tourism Research.
More information: The U.S. National Institutes of Health offers tips for having a healthy vacation.
Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.


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Freshly Ground was more than just a blog to me. It was my entry into this thing they call "having an online presence", and it turned out to be so much more than I ever imagined. However, as you can see from the lack of posts over the past several months, this blog really has, well, ground down.
But fear not. Although I shall no longer be blogging over here, or posting recipes and delicious photos that make you just want to open your jaw as wide as it will go so that you can, if at all possible, eat the computer screen, I will still be around, and this is not the last gasp from Freshly Ground.
I can now be found over at my recently revamped homepage, Dan.Rabarts.com. There, I'll be blogging, from time to time, as it suits me, about the things I'm most passionate about, namely family, writing, and, occasionally, food. And whatever else I feel like blogging about. Because it's my site, and I can do what I like. Nah nah.
Also, I have a very special project going on around Freshly Ground, and I'm looking forward to getting that to completion and being able to announce it to you all. I think you'll be as excited about it as I am.
Anyway, please come on over to Dan.Rabarts.com and say 'hi". I'd love to see you there.


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Fusionart is the merging of opposites. We take our internal extremes and coax them into a single artistic purpose.
As an artist, one is charged with the responsibility of creating. The process is one of letting the power flow through you and not blocking the creativity. As we paint, the brush, the canvas and the spirit lead the way.
When your mind is in charge, you try to make something happen. Therein lies the difficulty; you are trying to force an outcome. When you are truly in the creative "zone", the "you" disappears. It is almost as if you are nothing more than the facilitator of the process. You have no idea what is going to happen. You are in motion, allowing the paint to mark the canvas. You could even be painting with your eyes shut. Listen to music, work the brush, and let the canvas tell you when it is done.
Working with Rassouli has taught Fusionartists to let go of our requirements. To let go of expectations. We work with the spirit and the spirit knows what needs to be done. How do you create a great painting? You allow it to happen. The more you allow it to happen the better it is. The more you try to control it, the worse it is.
All too often we focus on our technical skills, and remain unsatisfied with the quality or appearance of our work. As Fusionartists, we learn to create from the center of our creative space. Each and every one of us has artistry that needs merely to be expressed. Our process of letting it flow and letting it go gives us access to unexpected creativity and beauty. Explore the Fusionart website to experience what happens when opposing forces emerge as extraordinary art.


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''We Need an Open Debate about Institutional Racism''
How is Germany's Turkish community reacting to the findings of a probe into the NSU terrorist organization?
Kenan Kolat: People are disgusted that key evidence in the case of 10 murders could be destroyed by an intelligence agency employee.
This fact stokes the suspicion that the intelligence agency, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, was involved in the murders of the 10 migrants. The shredding of important files is proof that the agency has something to hide; this is the widely-held view of many Turks in Germany. The security authority has not only failed through negligence, it has also demonstrated a racist and discriminatory stance by suggesting that the victims were themselves members of criminal gangs.
What impact are these allegations having on relations between migrants and Germany?
Kolat: They are shattering the faith of Turks living here in the German constitutional state. According to the outcome of a poll carried out by researchers from Hacettepe University in Ankara, two-thirds of Turks living in Germany believe that German state security bodies were involved in the murders, either through tacit acceptance of the killings or by covering up the activities of xenophobic groups. According to this survey, as many as 75 per cent of those polled fear further right-wing attacks on Turks or other migrants.
The confidence of Turkish migrants in German security organs has hit rock bottom. And if I'm absolutely honest, I've also lost my faith in the intelligence agency, I'd even go as far as to say I'm afraid of it and its employees. This case makes a farce of our democratic system.
Is the resignation of intelligence agency chief Heinz Fromm a few days ago the right way to address shortcomings within the security service?
Kolat: The president of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution had no choice but to do this. After all, he no longer had faith in his own people, who were apparently able to do exactly as they pleased. In the end, no one knew who had actually done what.
The resignation of the president of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution is only the tip of the iceberg. Those who held political power during the period when the murders took place should also be held responsible. Not just Otto Schily and Günter Beckstein, who have already issued statements on the matter, but also Wolfgang Schäuble, who was federal interior minister at the time, and who – in spite of all the warnings – merged the two intelligence agency departments working on left- and right-wing terrorism, thereby weakening the fight against the right-wing scene.
Former state-level interior ministers Fritz Behrens and Volker Bouffier should also be asking themselves critical questions, because neither of them did anything to follow up evidence of right-wing criminal activity. In addition, the head of the Federal Criminal Police Office, Jörg Ziercke, should assume responsibility for the unsolved murders on behalf of his agency and not just talk in general terms about errors made by the authorities. This would represent an important step for the German constitutional state; it would send out a signal of justice to win back the trust of migrants.
But the question still remains: how could three neo-Nazis continue their murderous activities and move around the country for several years without coming to the attention of the security authorities?
Kolat: On the one hand, there are structural problems within the security authorities that have evidently prevented them from being able to work together effectively. On the other, however, this is a clear case of institutional and structural racism, which is deeply rooted in the heads of some – I am not saying all – staff at the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution.
If victims are viewed as perpetrators and criminals, this provides an insight into the mindsets of employees. This negative image of immigrants can be ascribed to the discriminatory and negative tone of political discourse on the issue. There is an urgent need for change on a political level as well, in order to counter further discrimination against migrants, and Muslims in particular.
The German Bundesrat, the upper house of parliament, recently gave the green light to the introduction of a nationwide neo-Nazi database. Do measures such as these go far enough to effectively address the problem of right-wing terrorism in Germany?
Kolat: We need an open debate about institutional racism. If the problem is to be recognized, we have to call it by its proper name. A model for us here could be Britain, where any attack on migrants is initially treated as a racist attack and investigated accordingly.
We would also like to see the establishment of an independent office for the monitoring of racist activity in Germany. In this context, domestic policy on foreigners is a key point. Politicians need to stop pushing immigrants onto the periphery of society. Their policy approach should be anti-racist and geared towards equality and participation in order to restore the faith of Turks and other migrants in the German state.
Interview conducted by Samira Sammer
© Qantara.de 2012
Editor: Aingeal Flanagan/Qantara.de


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Paula McLain, author of the phenomenal bestseller The Paris Wife, now returns with her keenly anticipated new novel, transporting readers to colonial Kenya in the 1920s. Circling the Sun brings to life a fearless and captivating woman—Beryl Markham, a record-setting aviator caught up in a passionate love triangle with safari hunter Denys Finch Hatton and Karen Blixen, who as Isak Dinesen wrote the classic memoir Out of Africa.
Brought to Kenya from England as a child and then abandoned by her mother, Beryl is raised by both her father and the native Kipsigis tribe who share his estate. Her unconventional upbringing transforms Beryl into a bold young woman with a fierce love of all things wild and an inherent understanding of nature's delicate balance. But even the wild child must grow up, and when everything Beryl knows and trusts dissolves, she is catapulted into a string of disastrous relationships.
Beryl forges her own path as a horse trainer, and her uncommon style attracts the eye of the Happy Valley set, a decadent, bohemian community of European expats who also live and love by their own set of rules. But it's the ruggedly charismatic Denys Finch Hatton who ultimately helps Beryl navigate the uncharted territory of her own heart. The intensity of their love reveals Beryl's truest self and her fate: to fly.
Set against the majestic landscape of early-twentieth-century Africa, McLain's powerful tale reveals the extraordinary adventures of a woman before her time, the exhilaration of freedom and its cost, and the tenacity of the human spirit.
Advance praise for Circling the Sun
"Paula McLain has such a gift for bringing characters to life. I loved discovering the singular Beryl Markham, with all her strengths and passions and complexities, a woman who persistently broke the rules, despite the personal cost. She's a rebel in her own time, and a heroine for ours."—Jojo Moyes
"McLain cements herself as the writer of historical fictional memoir with Circling the Sun, giving vivid voice to Beryl Markham. In a brilliant move, McLain hardly focuses at all on the transatlantic flight that made the aviator so famous, choosing instead to explore what happened before: Markham's unorthodox childhood in Kenya, a failed marriage, and a star-crossed love affair with Denys Finch Hatton. In McLain's confident hands, Markham crackles to life, and we readers truly understand what made a woman so far ahead of her time believe she had the power to soar."—Jodi Picoult
Praise for Paula McLain and The Paris Wife
"McLain has brought Hadley [Hemingway] to life in a novel that begins in a rush of early love. . . . A moving portrait of a woman slighted by history, a woman whose . . . story needed to be told."—The Boston Globe
"The Paris Wife creates the kind of out-of-body reading experience that dedicated book lovers yearn for, nearly as good as reading Hemingway for the first time—and it doesn't get much better than that."—Minneapolis Star Tribune
"Exquisitely evocative . . . This absorbing, illuminating book gives us an intimate view of a sympathetic and perceptive woman, the striving writer she married, the glittering and wounding Paris circle they were part of. . . . McLain reinvents the story of Hadley and Ernest's romance with the lucid grace of a practiced poet."—The Seattle Times..
getproductcode.com Review
Occasionally an audience desires a great, old fashioned wool. That much much-anticipated book in the writer of The Paris Spouse is just that: an engrossing tale of experience and love in northeastern Africa, complete with stunning landscaping, dissolute English expats, and tons of derringdo with aircraft and horses. That it's also the most effective type of modern-day historic story – the sort that teaches you something about events and the actual people of the period – is an advantage.
In the centre of the story is Beryl Markham (created – you gotta adore it – Clutterbuck), the head strong child of a British colonial who spent my youth convenient among individuals and creatures of her embraced Nigeria than in the houses of its own landed gentry. When Beryl's mom leaves the household and her dad offers up the farm, she weds (at 16) a gentle man character, an intoxicated overly louche to be a lot of a married man. Like fortunate but adore-hungry teen women future and previous, Beryl attempts companionship from her horses, getting the best and first female horse coach in the area. Much bed-hopping connection and -limit-pushing occur, with tooth- gnashing that goes regardless of the age, as well as it.
Before looking over this publication, people who understood might be amazed by how little that is as a pilot about her. About changing the planet, but McLain does not appear interested in describing her as a trail-blazing feminist with a thought; because she's MAYBE NOT these matters so muchas a woman who was raised driving back against conferences that got in her approach, the Markham here's remarkable just. "But you have never been scared of such a thing, maybe you have?" Hatten claims in their last assembly to her. "I 've, however," she answers. Sa Ra Nelson


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WASHINGTON (AP) — An eviction moratorium is lifting. Extra unemployment benefits are ending. Parents are being called to work, but schools are struggling to reopen for fall as the COVID-19 crisis shows no signs of easing.
With Congress bracing for the next coronavirus aid package, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell is outlining Republican priorities as earlier programs designed to ease Americans through the pandemic and economic fallout begin to expire. He is eyeing $1 trillion in new aid.
"This is not over," McConnell said during a visit to a food pantry Monday in Louisville, Kentucky.
The GOP leader's next virus aid package is centered on liability protections, a top priority for Republicans seeking to shield doctors, schools, businesses and others from coronavirus-related lawsuits brought by patrons claiming injuries during reopenings.
McConnell is also considering a fresh round of direct payments targeted at those earning $40,000 a year or less. He wants the liability shield to run for five years, retroactive to December 2019.
"Liability reform, kids in school, jobs and health care," he said. "That's where the focus, it seems to me, ought to be."
Democrats have proposed a far more ambitious aid approach in the $3 trillion House-passed coronavirus rescue package, setting the outlines of a robust debate over how best to help Americans as COVID-19 cases surge in hot spots nationwide, threatening public health and economic livelihoods.
Congress is away for a two-week recess, but the contours of the debate are taking shape before lawmakers resume session July 20. Deadlines for many programs expire by the end of the month.
McConnell's earlier decision to hit "pause" on new relief has infuriated Democrats, especially as state and local governments clamor for aid to prevent worker layoffs.
Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer said in a statement Tuesday that McConnell "has created needless uncertainty and pain for millions of families who are still reeling from the public health and economic crises."
Schumer said, "Senator McConnell ought to be working across the aisle to prevent mass evictions, a new hunger crisis, and the layoff of more essential state and local government employees — all things that will happen if Republicans continue to delay action or act stingily."
The earlier rounds of aid, including the sweeping $2 trillion coronavirus aid package approved in March, were the biggest in U.S. history. And while aid was approved almost unanimously, it is now dividing the parties. Many Republicans view the outlay as excessive, and they want to avoid another round of big-ticket spending. Democrats argue that more aid is needed, and their bill includes new worker health and safety protocols to ensure a safe reopening.
While the two sides share many common goals in boosting public health research toward treatments and a vaccine, the difference in the economic aid to Americans is stark.
For example, Republicans mostly oppose the $600 weekly boost to unemployment benefits, arguing it's a disincentive to work because some employees earn more by staying home than they would on the job. Democrats say it's a lifeline for struggling Americans trying to make ends meet.
Democrats also provide more money in their bill to prevent evictions: $100 billion in rental assistance and $75 billion for homeowners paying mortgages. The $2 trillion coronavirus aid package's 120-day federal eviction moratorium on certain rentals expires at the end of July. The Democrats' bill would extend it through March 2021.
Democrats are wary of the liability protections being proposed by Republicans. Instead, their bill includes other priorities, such as funding to shore up the struggling U.S. Postal Service, which they see as another lifeline for Americans, and to provide $50 monthly stipends toward broadband services for households with laid-off or furloughed workers to stay connected online.
Sen. Ron Wyden of Oregon, the top Democrat on the Finance Committee, said McConnell's idea for another round of direct $1,200 payments is no substitute for extending the enhanced unemployment benefits.
"The next coronavirus relief package must extend supercharged unemployment benefits," Wyden said in a statement.
He said the jobless aid has "kept the economy afloat and allowed millions of families to pay the rent and buy groceries."
One area of common ground that has emerged in recent weeks is that both parties believe in the importance of wearing masks in public to help limit the virus spread as more shops and businesses reopen and Americans leave their homes.
Rep. Bennie Thompson, D-Miss., the chairman of the Homeland Security Committee, and other Democrats have pushed the Transportation Security Administration to require masks for all people going through airport security checkpoints.
McConnell told people in Kentucky that wearing masks is the single-most important thing they can do when around others.
"It ain't confusing," McConnell said Monday at a hospital in Bradford. "Put on a mask."
Associated Press writer Becky Yonker in Shelbyville, Ky., contributed to this story.


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CHICAGO (AP) — A 20-year-old Chicago Cubs fan is suing team owners to force them to provide better wheelchair access at Wrigley Field.
The Chicago Tribune reports the lawsuit was filed last month in federal court on behalf of David F. Cerda. His lawyer is his father, David A. Cerda.
The lawsuit says the owners are violating the Americans with Disabilities Act by not providing better wheelchair access. It contends a $750 million renovation to the stadium built in 1914 eliminated wheelchair-accessible sections behind home plate and in right-field bleachers.
A Cubs spokesman declined to comment to the Tribune on the pending civil case.
The plaintiff has muscular dystrophy. His father told the Tribune that his son has had to watch games from a standing-room-only section from where obstructions partially block the view.


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NOAA scientists reported in the current issue of the journal Environmental Health Perspectives that an algal toxin commonly inhaled in sea spray, attacks and damages DNA in the lungs of laboratory rats. The findings document how the body's way of disposing the toxin inadvertently converts it to a molecule that damages DNA. Human inhalation of brevetoxins produced by the red tide organism, Karenia brevis, is an increasing public health concern.
The scientists, led by John Ramsdell of NOAA's Center for Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research in Charleston, S.C., determined that brevetoxins react with DNA of lung tissue and attach to the DNA-bases that code genetic information. The linkage of chemicals in the environment to DNA is a first step for many cancer causing agents and can lead to mutations in genes that normally prevent the formation of cancers.
The red tide toxin, brevetoxin, has long been recognized as a cause of both neurotoxic poisoning after both consumption of toxic shellfish as well as a respiratory irritation after inhalation of toxic sea spray. Groundbreaking research, leading to this third potential form of poisoning, identified that metabolism produces chemically reactive forms of the toxin. Recognizing the potential of these metabolites to attack DNA, NOAA scientists analyzed the DNA after the toxin was metabolized in the lung.
Scientists have not yet determined if brevetoxin damaged DNA accurately repairs itself or if gene mutations result. Brevetoxin has been measured in air during red tide events and human exposure levels have been reported; however, the long-term health risk associated with inhalation of brevetoxins remains to be defined. Individuals are continually exposed to environmental chemicals capable of damaging DNA like carcinogens found in tobacco smoke and air pollution. It is possible that exposure to brevetoxins can add to the cumulative amount of chemically altered DNA in the lungs; an indicator of cancer risk.
"This represents a significant breakthrough in defining the metabolic transformation of brevetoxins and the potential long-term health effects of red tides. It should change perceptions of risk and management of inhalation exposure to harmful algal blooms," notes Ramsdell.
Red tides in the Gulf of Mexico are common, and often persistent, naturally occurring events that release toxins into sea spray aerosols. These aerosols are a particular problem at beaches, as they can cause respiratory distress to lifeguards and beachgoers. Although these shorter-term effects of the airborne toxin are well characterized, potential longer-term effects remain a concern to health officials and coastal communities.
Scientists, in NOAA's Oceans and Human Health Initiative, are studying long term health consequences of harmful algal blooms, to predict how the condition of the coastal waters affect human health and how to reduce or eliminate health risks.
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Materials provided by National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
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Short-term rentals, meaning properties rented for periods less than 31 days at a time, are prohibited in Teton County unless the property is in the following locations;
All other residential properties in Teton County may be rented on a long-term basis, meaning the rental period is at least 31 days. Short-term rental regulations can be found in Section 6.1.5. of the LDRs.
Accessory Residential Units on residential properties (i.e guest houses) per Section 6.1.11.B, may only be rented per the following standards;
If homeowners have a listing on such websites as Vacation Rental By Owner, HomeAway, Airbnb, or a local property management company, all listings must comply with the LDRs and not advertise for rental of less than 31 days unless specifically allowed by the LDRs.
To report a short-term rental violation you can contact the Code Compliance Officer at (307)733-3959. Should Planning staff find future reservations that do not comply with the LDRs, this matter will be forwarded to the County Attorney as a violation of the Teton County Land Development Regulations. Wyoming Statutes authorize the County to seek abatement of these violations, authorize a fine of not more than $750 for each offense, and provide that each day's continuation of a violation is a separate offense.
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The Land Development Regulations regarding Bear Proof Trash Containers were updated April 19, 2022. Bear resistant trash containers are now required in all of Teton County starting July 1, 2022 in accordance with LDR Section 5.1.3, Wildlife Feeding.
For more information on bear-proof trash containers or to identify a potential violation, proceed to the Code Compliance web page.
Many residents operate businesses from their homes as a way to give small local businesses a place to start. These do require the proper permits to be approved before any commercial activity can take place.
There are two categories of Accessory Commercial Uses:
Home Occupations are operated by the homeowner or resident and the area used is restricted to 25% or less of the living space. No one residing off-site may be employed by a home occupation business. Examples are professional services like accountants, real estate agents, artists, music studio, tailors, tutors or counselors. This use requires a Basic Use Permit and is handled administratively by the Planning Staff. Please check with your HOA first as some subdivisions do not allow home occupations or businesses.
Home Businesses are the next step up where the homeowner has 1 to 3 employees and the space dedicated to the business is 25% or less of the living space and part or all of the outbuildings. Examples are contracting businesses, offices, music, art or other schools, art studios or galleries. In most residential areas, a Conditional Use Permit is required, which includes public hearings before the Planning Commission and Board of County Commissioners.
Both of these permit types require a digital application submittal through the Planning & Building SmartGov Portal, where you will be asked to include the requirements outlined in the checklists.
Land Development Regulations Section 6.1.11 Accessory Uses (PDF)
Allowed uses on a property are dictated by the zone. Some uses have zone specific standards, which means that certain regulations, such as minimum site area, may dictate further if a use is allowed. Non-residential Commercial uses typically require use permits from the Planning Division. There are two types of use permits, a Basic Use and a Conditional Use Permit.
Start by confirming what category the proposed use falls under by referencing LDR Sec. 6.1.2 Classification of Uses. Once you have figured that out, you can reference the Use Schedule in Sec. 6.1.1
The table will indicate if a use is allowed in a zone by right (i.e. no use permits are required) with a "Y", allowed with a Basic Use Permit with a "B", allowed with a Conditional Use Permit with a "C". If the section is blank, that means that use is prohibited within that specific zone. There is not a relief process in the LDRs which would allow a use in a zone where it is not permitted by the Use Schedule. Again, use-specific as well as zone-specific standards may involve additional requirements or restrictions. Those are typically listed at the end of the zone article in the LDRs, or in the use standards in Article 6.
The Teton County Land Development Regulations prohibit using a camping trailer or RV as residential living quarter, with the exception of a temporary use of a trailer in conjunction with an active building permit for a residential structure.
When using camper trailers you must be parked in an authorized campground. This does not prohibit the parking of your camping trailer on your property when not in use, as long as Section 6.4.1. Outside Storage standards are met.
A zoning compliance verification (ZCV) is a Planning permit to ensure compliance with County regulations. It can be required by staff for review of natural resources/setbacks on a property where an environmental analysis is not required, or for review of visual resources within the Scenic Resource Overlay. It can also be used voluntarily to have a planner to research a property and answer specific questions, or to confirm the status of a non-conformity on a property.
A ZCV is also a required step prior to submitting an application for a Boundary Adjustment. This allows planners to look into the proposed changes and ensure the new lot configurations are in compliance with the LDRs.
There are different checklists for each of these purposes available to reference when preparing a ZCV application.
The checklists and the Planning Permit Application can be found on the Teton County SmartGov Portal
Once a ZCV application is submitted, a planner has two weeks to check the application for sufficiency (i.e. includes all the required submittal materials outlined on the checklist) and then will provide a review within 45 days of determining the application sufficient.
Create a SmartGov account on the Online Portal and follow the application steps for the specific permit.
Reference this document for step by step instructions: How to submit a permit on SmartGov
Reference this page if you need a checklist for your specific permit type: https://co-teton-wy.smartgovcommunity.com/Public/DocumentsView


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High frequency (HF) is the ITU designation[1] for the range of radio frequency electromagnetic waves (radio waves) between 3 and 30 megahertz (MHz). It is also known as the decameter band or decameter wave as its wavelengths range from one to ten decameters (ten to one hundred meters). Frequencies immediately below HF are denoted medium frequency (MF), while the next band of higher frequencies is known as the very high frequency (VHF) band. The HF band is a major part of the shortwave band of frequencies, so communication at these frequencies is often called shortwave radio. Because radio waves in this band can be reflected back to Earth by the ionosphere layer in the atmosphere – a method known as "skip" or "skywave" propagation – these frequencies are suitable for long-distance communication across intercontinental distances and for mountainous terrains which prevent line-of-sight communications.[2] The band is used by international shortwave broadcasting stations (3.95–25.82 MHz), aviation communication, government time stations, weather stations, amateur radio and citizens band services, among other uses.
Frequency range | 3 to 30 MHz |
Wavelength range | 100 to 10 m |
Propagation characteristics edit
The dominant means of long-distance communication in this band is skywave ("skip") propagation, in which radio waves directed at an angle into the sky refract back to Earth from layers of ionized atoms in the ionosphere.[3] By this method HF radio waves can travel beyond the horizon, around the curve of the Earth, and can be received at intercontinental distances. However, suitability of this portion of the spectrum for such communication varies greatly with a complex combination of factors:
- Sunlight/darkness at site of transmission and reception
- Transmitter/receiver proximity to solar terminator
- Season
- Sunspot cycle
- Solar activity
- Polar aurora
At any point in time, for a given "skip" communication path between two points, the frequencies at which communication is possible are specified by these parameters
- Maximum usable frequency (MUF)
- Lowest usable high frequency (LUF) and a
- Frequency of optimum transmission (FOT)
The maximum usable frequency regularly drops below 10 MHz in darkness during the winter months, while in summer during daylight it can easily surpass 30 MHz. It depends on the angle of incidence of the waves; it is lowest when the waves are directed straight upwards, and is higher with less acute angles. This means that at longer distances, where the waves graze the ionosphere at a very blunt angle, the MUF may be much higher. The lowest usable frequency depends on the absorption in the lower layer of the ionosphere (the D-layer). This absorption is stronger at low frequencies and is also stronger with increased solar activity (for example in daylight); total absorption often occurs at frequencies below 5 MHz during the daytime. The result of these two factors is that the usable spectrum shifts towards the lower frequencies and into the Medium Frequency (MF) range during winter nights, while on a day in full summer the higher frequencies tend to be more usable, often into the lower VHF range.[citation needed]
When all factors are at their optimum, worldwide communication is possible on HF. At many other times it is possible to make contact across and between continents or oceans. At worst, when a band is "dead", no communication beyond the limited groundwave paths is possible no matter what powers, antennas or other technologies are brought to bear. When a transcontinental or worldwide path is open on a particular frequency, digital, SSB and Morse code communication is possible using surprisingly low transmission powers, often of the order of milliwatts, provided suitable antennas are in use at both ends and that there is little or no man-made or natural interference.[4] On such an open band, interference originating over a wide area affects many potential users. These issues are significant to military, safety[5] and amateur radio users of the HF bands.
Uses edit
The main uses of the high frequency spectrum are:
- Military and governmental communication systems
- Aviation air-to-ground communications
- Amateur radio
- Shortwave international and regional broadcasting
- Maritime sea-to-shore and ship-to-ship services
- Over-the-horizon radar systems
- Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) communication
- Citizen's Band Radio services worldwide (generally 26-28 MHz, the higher portion of the HF band, that behaves more like low-VHF)
- Coastal ocean dynamics applications radar
The high frequency band is very popular with amateur radio operators, who can take advantage of direct, long-distance (often inter-continental) communications and the "thrill factor" resulting from making contacts in variable conditions. International shortwave broadcasting utilizes this set of frequencies, as well as a seemingly declining number of "utility" users (marine, aviation, military, and diplomatic interests), who have, in recent years, been swayed over to less volatile means of communication (for example, via satellites), but may maintain HF stations after switch-over for back-up purposes.
However, the development of Automatic Link Establishment technology based on MIL-STD-188-141 for automated connectivity and frequency selection, along with the high costs of satellite usage, have led to a renaissance in HF usage in government networks. The development of higher speed modems such as those conforming to MIL-STD-188-110C which support data rates up to 120 kilobit/s has also increased the usability of HF for data communications and video transmission. Other standards development such as STANAG 5066 provides for error free data communications through the use of ARQ protocols.
Some modes of communication, such as continuous wave Morse code transmissions (especially by amateur radio operators) and single sideband voice transmissions are more common in the HF range than on other frequencies, because of their bandwidth-conserving nature, but broadband modes, such as TV transmissions, are generally prohibited by HF's relatively small chunk of electromagnetic spectrum space.
Noise, especially man-made interference from electronic devices, tends to have a great effect on the HF bands. In recent years, concerns have risen among certain users of the HF spectrum over "broadband over power lines" (BPL) Internet access, which has an almost destructive effect on HF communications. This is due to the frequencies on which BPL operates (typically corresponding with the HF band) and the tendency for the BPL signal to leak from power lines. Some BPL providers have installed notch filters to block out certain portions of the spectrum (namely the amateur radio bands), but a great amount of controversy over the deployment of this access method remains. Other electronic devices including plasma televisions can also have a detrimental effect on the HF spectrum.
In aviation, HF communication systems are required for all trans-oceanic flights. These systems incorporate frequencies down to 2 MHz to include the 2182 kHz international distress and calling channel.
The upper section of HF (26.5-30 MHz) shares many characteristics with the lower part of VHF. The parts of this section not allocated to amateur radio are used for local communications. These include CB radios around 27 MHz, studio-to-transmitter (STL) radio links, radio control devices for models and radio paging transmitters.
Some radio frequency identification (RFID) tags utilize HF. These tags are commonly known as HFID's or HighFID's (High-Frequency Identification).
Antennas edit
The most common antennas in this band are wire antennas such as wire dipoles or rhombic antennas; in the upper frequencies, multielement dipole antennas such as the Yagi, quad, and log-periodic antennas. Powerful shortwave broadcasting stations often use large wire curtain arrays.
Antennas for transmitting skywaves are typically made from horizontal dipoles or bottom-fed loops, both of which emit horizontally polarized waves. The preference for horizontally polarized transmission is because (approximately) only half of the signal power transmitted by an antenna travels directly into the sky; about half travels downward towards the ground and must "bounce" into the sky. For frequencies in the upper HF band, the ground is a better reflector of horizontally polarized waves, and better absorber of power from vertically polarized waves. The effect diminishes for longer wavelengths.
For receiving, random wire antennas are often used. Alternatively, the same directional antennas used for transmitting are helpful for receiving, since most noise comes from all directions, but the desired signal comes from only one direction. Long-distance (skywave) receiving antennas can generally be oriented either vertically or horizontally since refraction through the ionosphere usually scrambles signal polarization, and signals are received directly from the sky to the antenna.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Rec. ITU-R V.431-7, Nomenclature of the frequency and wavelength bands used in telecommunications" (PDF). ITU. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ^ Harmon, James V.; Fiedler, Ltc David M; Lam, Ltc Ret John R. (Spring 1994). "Automated HF Communications" (PDF). Army Communicator: 22–26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
- ^ Seybold, John S. (2005). Introduction to RF Propagation. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 55–58. ISBN 0471743682.
- ^ Paul Harden (2005). "Solar Activity & HF Propagation". QRP Amateur Radio Club International. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
- ^ "Amateur Radio Emergency Communication". American Radio Relay League, Inc. 2008. Archived from the original on January 29, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
- ^ Shoquist, Marc. "The Antenna Coupler Program". VIP Club.
Further reading edit
- Maslin, N.M. "HF Communications - A Systems Approach". ISBN 0-273-02675-5, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 1987
- Johnson, E.E., et al., "Advanced High-Frequency Radio Communications". ISBN 0-89006-815-1, Artech House, 1997
- Narayanamurti, V.; Störmer, H. L.; Chin, M. A.; Gossard, A. C.; Wiegmann, W. (1979-12-31). "Selective Transmission of High-Frequency Phonons by a Superlattice: The "Dielectric" Phonon Filter". Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society (APS). 43 (27): 2012–2016. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.43.2012. ISSN 0031-9007.
- Bejjani, Boulos-Paul; Damier, Philippe; Arnulf, Isabelle; Thivard, Lionel; Bonnet, Anne-Marie; Dormont, Didier; Cornu, Philippe; Pidoux, Bernard; Samson, Yves; Agid, Yves (1999-05-13). "Transient Acute Depression Induced by High-Frequency Deep-Brain Stimulation". New England Journal of Medicine. Massachusetts Medical Society. 340 (19): 1476–1480. doi:10.1056/nejm199905133401905. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 10320386.
- Liu, H. C. (1991-05-15). "Analytical model of high-frequency resonant tunneling: The first-order ac current response". Physical Review B. American Physical Society (APS). 43 (15): 12538–12548. doi:10.1103/physrevb.43.12538. ISSN 0163-1829. PMID 9997055.
- Sipila, M.; Lehtinen, K.; Porra, V. (1988). "High-frequency periodic time-domain waveform measurement system". IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). 36 (10): 1397–1405. doi:10.1109/22.6087. ISSN 0018-9480.
- Morched, A.; Marti, L.; Ottevangers, J. (1993). "A high frequency transformer model for the EMTP". IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). 8 (3): 1615–1626. doi:10.1109/61.252688. ISSN 0885-8977.
External links edit
- Tomislav Stimac, "Definition of frequency bands (VLF, ELF... etc.)". IK1QFK Home Page (vlf.it).
- Douglas C. Smith, High Frequency Measurements Web Page; Index and Technical Tidbits. D. C. Smith Consultants, Los Gatos, CA.
- High Frequency Propagation Models, its.bldrdoc.gov.
- High Frequency Wave Propagation, cscamm.umd.edu.
- "High frequency noise" (PDF)
- "Advantages of HF Radio" Codan
- Solar conditions for HF-radio


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- Home
- Your Government
- Departments
- Assessing
The principal purpose of the Assessing Department is to annually identify of all the real and personal properties in the City, determine the taxable status and uniformly assess those that are subject to property tax in accordance with the General Property Tax Laws. These taxes are a major source of funding to the local government and the public schools.
The Assessing Department maintains records of all properties in the City. These records include sketches of structures, amenities of the properties, photos, lists of building permits, history of transfers in ownership, principal residential exemptions, and mapping of parcels. This information is acquired from deeds recorded at the register of deeds at the County of Jackson and from unrecorded documents that are brought to our office.
Source for Land & Building Data
The department also serves the real estate community as a valuable source of land and building data. Real estate agents, land title examiners, developers, and buyers and sellers of real estate use city records to do research on property values.
The city's assessing data can also be viewed online. Information available at this website includes property assessments, property tax information, water and sewer billing, and miscellaneous receivables.
Tax exemptions that are available include:
- Principal Residential Exemption - This exemption is for residential properties that are owned and occupied by an individual. The exemption is for a portion of school operating millage.
- Small Taxpayer Personal Property Exemption - Beginning in 2014, an exemption is available for the personal property of small business that is owned, leased, or possessed by the taxpayer if the true cash values are under $80,000.
- Poverty Exemption - If for reason of poverty an individual is unable to contribute to the common good
- Property Exemption for Disabled Veterans - Exemption for the principal residence of Disabled Veterans.
- Application for Property Tax Exemption
If you have any questions regarding the responsibilities of the department, you can always contact us.
Contact Us
Jason YoakamCity Assessor
City Hall9th Floor
161 W. Michigan Ave.
Jackson, Michigan 49201
Ph: 517-788-4033
Fx: 866-902-7891
E-mail the Assessing Department


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Join us for a look into Dr. Michael Youssef's labor of love in Leading The Way. From two new books, a media tour, and a passion to proclaim Biblical Truth the U.S., get a glimpse at Dr. Youssef's passion for Gospel ministry—and join us as we work to end the fiscal year strong.
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Thirteen of January.
Just wanted to say hola, and hope the new year has started well for you. It has been a rather peaceful and serene pace for me. Learning to live and cherish a tranquil lifestyle has been has been a journey of its own. I am ready for 2014 and the people in it. Places. Moments. The stories waiting to happen.
Here are three quick images from this past Saturday. Grateful to have had a day with a hefty art dose.
Will post more pictures and words as the month settles.
Fotos were taken with the LX5 unedited and straight from the camera.
All the best,
A fog/rain Saturday morning in the (admission free) DeYoung's tower. Having been there a few dozen times, I learned that morning that its official name is Hamon Observation Tower.
Enjoyed an early morning at the David Hockney exhibit beginning at 930am. That was a first, but meeting with a small group, timing-wise that worked out great. Joined the drawing group afterwards and had a great time sitting down in the museum's cafeteria a couple of hours after the museum stroll, amazing to see there were so many people out and ready to check out the exhibit fairly early. Didn't learn until sitting down outside the coat check desk (where the picture above was taken) that it was quite crowded due to the exhibit's last days. Makes sense, but it doesn't. Not sure I will go to another early museum activity that doesn't allow me to consume oodles of caffeine while at it … :)
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Vice President of Student Affairs Bill Laundry to Step Down in January
After more than four decades at the college, William D. "Bill" Laundry, SUNY Plattsburgh's vice president of student affairs, announced his plans to retire, effective Jan. 1, 2013.
Laundry said the conventional wisdom — that you will know when the time for retirement comes — applies to him.
"To me, it seems that the time is very right for me to retire," Laundry said. "We just received a wonderful Middle States (accreditation) review. We are not in the middle of a budget crisis. We have excellent leadership. The Student Affairs division is strong in terms of leadership. It's the perfect time to go."
"I think the initial news is somewhat of a shock to many people because it is difficult to imagine this place without Bill in that role," said Bryan Hartman, associate vice president for student affairs and director of residence life. "The leadership and stability he has provided us in that division has truly been a blessing."
"Bill will be missed by students, staff and faculty alike," SUNY Plattsburgh President John Ettling said. "In fact, his warmth and his dedication to the campus have made him something of an icon among our alumni.
"Although Bill will no longer be vice president of student affairs, I fully expect that we will still see him on campus quite a bit," Ettling added.
For his part, Laundry said that he will miss working with the faculty and staff and interacting with the students, "but I don't have to miss it all." He plans to stay in Plattsburgh and volunteer at the college, helping with both Student Affairs and Alumni Affairs. He's also looking forward to reading more books, doing a little traveling, spending more time at Silver Lake and catching events at both the college and in the community.
Meanwhile, Laundry hopes the college will continue on its current trajectory.
"It seems to me that we are constantly looking for ways to improve for the benefit of the students. We've had a good last 10 years, and my hope is that we will continue to move forward."
Interim Vice President Announced
Hartman has been selected to fill Laundry's shoes on an interim basis. A 1988 graduate of the college, he started working at the college as a staff assistant in Campus Life in 1993. He became director of residence life in 2005 and the associate vice president for student affairs in 2011.
"Bryan is an excellent choice to take the helm of the division," Laundry said.
Ettling agreed.
"We know that our division of Student Affairs will be in good hands under Bryan, with his years of experience in the field."
"I am humbled and honored that Dr. Ettling and others feel that I can take the interim role while a search is being conducted," Hartman said. "It certainly is — for anyone — a challenge to try to follow Bill in all that he has done and will continue to do for this campus."
About Bill Laundry
Laundry came to the college as housing director in 1969. Since then, he has served as director of residence life, director of campus life, dean of students, associate vice president for student affairs and, most recently, vice president for student affairs.
He is involved in many college-wide committees and serves as adviser to the Student Association Finance Board and a member of Omicron Delta Kappa, the national leadership honor society for students, faculty, staff and administrators. He also serves on the Plattsburgh Campus-Community Partnership and has since its inception.
In addition, he is active in the community and serves as secretary of the AuSable Forks High School Alumni Association and is on the board of directors for the UFirst Federal Credit Union. He is also a member of the Hawkeye Conservationists; vice president of the Clinton County Historical Association; a member of the Plattsburgh Memorial Chapel Board of Directors; and a marriage officer for the City of Plattsburgh.
In 2005, Laundry was the seventh person in the college's history to be honored as an honorary alumnus, and, in October 2006, the Student Association suite in the Angell College Center was named after him.
Retirement Festivities
Institutional Advancement is forming a committee to plan a going-away tribute to Laundry. Details will be announced at a later date.


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in reply to Professional Employees and Works for Hire
I've also worked on the US East coast for a US company (sometime in the previous century). At that time, I was already a CPAN author, and submitting patches for perl. When hired, I asked for a clause in my contract that marked all work I did in my spare time belonged to me. That was not a problem. They never made any claim on any non-company work I've made. In fact, when they had to let me go a few years later, my manager even told me I could make (and take with me) a tape of the content of my home directory. He only asked me to delete any copies of source code of three specific programs (out of the 200 or so we made) first, as they were considered to be the most worthwhile to the company. It was never checked I actually did. (I didn't have any source of our products in my home directory though).
In Section


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/usr/bin/fc [-r] [-e editor] [ first [last]]
/usr/bin/fc -l [-nr] [ first [last]]
/usr/bin/fc -s [ old = new] [first]
fc -e - [ old = new] [command]
fc -s [ old = new] [command]
fc [-e ename] [-nlr] [ first [last]]
The fc utility lists or edits and reexecutes, commands previously entered to an interactive sh.
The command history list references commands by number. The first number in the list is selected arbitrarily. The relationship of a number to its command will not change except when the user logs in and no other process is accessing the list, at which time the system may reset the numbering to start the oldest retained command at another number (usually 1). When the number reaches the value in HISTSIZE or 32767 (whichever is greater), the shell may wrap the numbers, starting the next command with a lower number (usually 1). However, despite this optional wrapping of numbers, fc will maintain the time-ordering sequence of the commands. For example, if four commands in sequence are given the numbers 32 766, 32 767, 1 (wrapped), and 2 as they are executed, command 32 767 is considered the command previous to 1, even though its number is higher.
When commands are edited (when the -l option is not specified), the resulting lines will be entered at the end of the history list and then reexecuted by sh. The fc command that caused the editing will not be entered into the history list. If the editor returns a non-zero exit status, this will suppress the entry into the history list and the command reexecution. Any command-line variable assignments or redirection operators used with fc will affect both the fc command itself as well as the command that results, for example:
fc -s -- -1 2>/dev/null
reinvokes the previous command, suppressing standard error for both fc and the previous command.
Display the history list. If n is given, display only the n most recent events.
-r Reverse the order of printout to be most recent first rather than oldest first.
-h Display the history list without leading numbers. This is used to produce files suitable for sourcing using the -h option to the csh built-in command, source(1).
History substitution allows you to use words from previous command lines in the command line you are typing. This simplifies spelling corrections and the repetition of complicated commands or arguments. Command lines are saved in the history list, the size of which is controlled by the history variable. The history shell variable may be set to the maximum number of command lines that will be saved in the history file, that is:
set history = 200
will allow the history list to keep track of the most recent 200 command lines. If not set, the C shell saves only the most recent command.
A history substitution begins with a ! (although you can change this with the histchars variable) and may occur anywhere on the command line; history substitutions do not nest. The ! can be escaped with \ to suppress its special meaning.
Input lines containing history substitutions are echoed on the terminal after being expanded, but before any other substitutions take place or the command gets executed.
An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list.
! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a space character, tab, newline, = or (.
!! Refer to the previous command. By itself, this substitution repeats the previous command.
!n Refer to command line n.
!-n Refer to the current command line minus n.
!str Refer to the most recent command starting with str.
!?str? Refer to the most recent command containing str.
!?str? additional Refer to the most recent command containing str and append additional to that referenced command.
!{command} additional Refer to the most recent command beginning with command and append additional to that referenced command.
^previous_word^replacement^ Repeat the previous command line replacing the string previous_word with the string replacement. This is equivalent to the history substitution:
Repeat the previous command line replacing the string previous_word with the string replacement. This is equivalent to the history substitution:
To re-execute a specific previous command and make such a substitution, say, re-executing command #6:
A `:' (colon) separates the event specification from the word designator. 2It can be omitted if the word designator begins with a ^, $, *, - or %. If the word is to be selected from the previous command, the second ! character can be omitted from the event specification. For instance, !!:1 and !:1 both refer to the first word of the previous command, while !!$ and !$ both refer to the last word in the previous command. Word designators include:
# The entire command line typed so far.
0 The first input word (command).
n The n'th argument.
^ The first argument, that is, 1.
$ The last argument.
% The word matched by (the most recent) ?s search.
x-y A range of words; -y abbreviates 0-y.
* All the arguments, or a null value if there is just one word in the event.
x* Abbreviates x-$.
x- Like x* but omitting word $.
After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a :.
h Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving the head.
r Remove a trailing suffix of the form `.xxx', leaving the basename.
e Remove all but the suffix, leaving the extension.
s/oldchars/replacements/ Substitute replacements for oldchars. oldchars is a string that may contain embedded blank spaces, whereas previous_word in the event designator may not.
t Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail.
& Repeat the previous substitution.
g Apply the change to the first occurrence of a match in each word, by prefixing the above (for example, g&).
p Print the new command but do not execute it.
q Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
x Like q, but break into words at each space character, tab or newline.
Unless preceded by a g, the modification is applied only to the first string that matches oldchars. An error results if no string matches.
The left-hand side of substitutions are not regular expressions, but character strings. Any character can be used as the delimiter in place of /. A backslash quotes the delimiter character. The character &, in the right hand side, is replaced by the text from the left-hand-side. The & can be quoted with a backslash. A null oldchars uses the previous string either from a oldchars or from a contextual scan string s from !?s. You can omit the rightmost delimiter if a newline immediately follows replacements; the rightmost ? in a context scan can similarly be omitted.
Without an event specification, a history reference refers either to the previous command, or to a previous history reference on the command line (if any).
Using fc, in the form of
fc -e - [old=new] [command],
fc -s [old=new] [command],
the command is re-executed after the substitution old=new is performed. If there is not a command argument, the most recent command typed at this terminal is executed.
Using fc in the form of
fc [-e ename] [-nlr ] [first [last]],
a range of commands from first to last is selected from the last HISTSIZE commands that were typed at the terminal. The arguments first and last may be specified as a number or as a string. A string is used to locate the most recent command starting with the given string. A negative number is used as an offset to the current command number. If the -l flag is selected, the commands are listed on standard output. Otherwise, the editor program -e name is invoked on a file containing these keyboard commands. If ename is not supplied, then the value of the variable FCEDIT (default /bin/ed) is used as the editor. When editing is complete, the edited command(s) is executed. If last is not specified, it will be set to first. If first is not specified, the default is the previous command for editing and -16 for listing. The flag -r reverses the order of the commands and the flag -n suppresses command numbers when listing. (See ksh(1) for more about command line editing.)
HISTFILE If this variable is set when the shell is invoked, then the value is the pathname of the file that will be used to store the command history.
HISTSIZE If this variable is set when the shell is invoked, then the number of previously entered commands that are accessible by this shell will be greater than or equal to this number. The default is 128.
The text of the last HISTSIZE (default 128) commands entered from a terminal device is saved in a history file. The file $HOME/.sh_history is used if the HISTFILE variable is not set or if the file it names is not writable. A shell can access the commands of all interactive shells which use the same named HISTFILE. The special command fc is used to list or edit a portion of this file. The portion of the file to be edited or listed can be selected by number or by giving the first character or characters of the command. A single command or range of commands can be specified. If you do not specify an editor program as an argument to fc then the value of the variable FCEDIT is used. If FCEDIT is not defined then /bin/ed is used. The edited command(s) is printed and re-executed upon leaving the editor. The editor name - is used to skip the editing phase and to re-execute the command. In this case a substitution parameter of the form old=new can be used to modify the command before execution. For example, if r is aliased to 'fc -e - ' then typing `r bad=good c' will re-execute the most recent command which starts with the letter c, replacing the first occurrence of the string bad with the string good.
Using the fc built-in command within a compound command will cause the whole command to disappear from the history file.
The following options are supported:
-e editor Uses the editor named by editor to edit the commands. The editor string is a utility name, subject to search via the PATH variable. The value in the FCEDIT variable is used as a default when -e is not specified. If FCEDIT is null or unset, ed will be used as the editor.
-l (The letter ell.) Lists the commands rather than invoking an editor on them. The commands will be written in the sequence indicated by the first and last operands, as affected by -r, with each command preceded by the command number.
-n Suppresses command numbers when listing with -l.
-r Reverses the order of the commands listed (with -l ) or edited (with neither -l nor -s).
-s Re-executes the command without invoking an editor.
The following operands are supported:
Selects the commands to list or edit. The number of previous commands that can be accessed is determined by the value of the HISTSIZE variable. The value of first or last or both will be one of the following:
[+]number A positive number representing a command number. Command numbers can be displayed with the -l option.
-number A negative decimal number representing the command that was executed number of commands previously. For example, -1 is the immediately previous command.
string A string indicating the most recently entered command that begins with that string. If the old=new operand is not also specified with -s, the string form of the first operand cannot contain an embedded equal sign.
When the synopsis form with -s is used:
• If first is omitted, the previous command will be used.
For the synopsis forms without -s :
• If last is omitted, last defaults to the previous command when -l is specified; otherwise, it defaults to first.
• If first and last are both omitted, the previous 16 commands will be listed or the previous single command will be edited (based on the -l option).
• If first and last are both present, all of the commands from first to last will be edited (without -l ) or listed (with -l). Editing multiple commands will be accomplished by presenting to the editor all of the commands at one time, each command starting on a new line. If first represents a newer command than last, the commands will be listed or edited in reverse sequence, equivalent to using -r. For example, the following commands on the first line are equivalent to the corresponding commands on the second:
fc -r 10 20 fc 30 40 fc 20 10 fc -r 40 30
• When a range of commands is used, it will not be an error to specify first or last values that are not in the history list. fc will substitute the value representing the oldest or newest command in the list, as appropriate. For example, if there are only ten commands in the history list, numbered 1 to 10:
fc -l fc 1 99
will list and edit, respectively, all ten commands.
old=new Replace the first occurrence of string old in the commands to be reexecuted by the string new.
When the -l option is used to list commands, the format of each command in the list is as follows:
"%d\t%s\n", <line number>, <command>
If both the -l and -n options are specified, the format of each command is:
"\t%s\n", <command>
If the commandcommand consists of more than one line, the lines after the first are displayed as:
"\t%s\n", <continued-command>
Example 1: Using history and fc
csh ksh % history $ fc -l 1 cd /etc 1 cd /etc 2 vi passwd 2 vi passwd 3 date 3 date 4 cd 4 cd 5 du . 5 du . 6 ls -t 6 ls -t 7 history 7 fc -l % !d $ fc -e - d du . du . 262 ./SCCS 262 ./SCCS 336 . 336 . % !da $ fc -e - da Thu Jul 21 17:29:56 PDT 1994 Thu Jul 21 17:29:56 PDT 1994 % $ alias \!='fc -e -' % !! $ ! date alias ='fc -e -' Thu Jul 21 17:29:56 PDT 1994
See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables that affect the execution of fc: LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, and NLSPATH.
FCEDIT This variable, when expanded by the shell, determines the default value for the -e editor option's editor option-argument. If FCEDIT is null or unset, ed(1) will be used as the editor.
HISTFILE Determine a pathname naming a command history file. If the HISTFILE variable is not set, the shell may attempt to access or create a file .sh_history in the user's home directory. If the shell cannot obtain both read and write access to, or create, the history file, it will use an unspecified mechanism that allows the history to operate properly. (References to history ``file'' in this section are understood to mean this unspecified mechanism in such cases.) fc may choose to access this variable only when initializing the history file; this initialization will occur when fc or sh first attempt to retrieve entries from, or add entries to, the file, as the result of commands issued by the user, the file named by the ENV variable, or a system startup file such as /etc/profile. (The initialization process for the history file can be dependent on the system startup files, in that they may contain commands that will effectively preempt the user's settings of HISTFILE and HISTSIZE. For example, function definition commands are recorded in the history file, unless the set -o nolog option is set. If the system administrator includes function definitions in some system startup file called before the ENV file, the history file will be initialized before the user gets a chance to influence its characteristics.) The variable HISTFILE is accessed initially when the shell is invoked. Any changes to HISTFILE will not take effect until another shell is invoked.
HISTSIZE Determine a decimal number representing the limit to the number of previous commands that are accessible. If this variable is unset, an unspecified default greater than or equal to 128 will be used. The variable HISTSIZE is accessed initially when the shell is invoked. Any changes to HISTSIZE will not take effect until another shell is invoked.
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion of the listing.
>0 An error occurred.
Otherwise, the exit status will be that of the commands executed by fc.
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
Availability | SUNWcsu |
csh(1), ed(1), ksh(1), set(1), set(1F), sh(1), source(1), attributes(5), environ(5)


text:
New THINK exhibit at Epcot dovetails with a tablet app and curriculum website designed to boost science, technology, engineering and math education.
February 20, 2013
20 Top Masters Degrees For Big Data Analytics Professionals
20 Top Masters Degrees For Big Data Analytics Professionals (click image for larger view and for slideshow)
IBM celebrated National Engineers Week by welcoming science teachers and a group of Orlando high school students to the grand opening of its new THINK exhibit at Disney's Epcot theme park, which is accompanied by mobile apps and free curriculum intended to carry its lessons into the classroom.
Wednesday's event at the Epcot Innoventions pavilion was the ceremonial unveiling of an exhibit that opened in January, which is related to an earlier exhibit IBM hosted at Lincoln Center in 2011, the tech giant's centennial year. It features a gesture-controlled video wall, filled with images visitors can control as they walk past; a movie on the history of science and technology (in which big data analytics play a starring role as the wave of the future); and an array of touchscreen columns, each the size of a large refrigerator, for exploring topics in science and technology. Lee Green, VP of brand experience and strategic design at IBM, said it can be "hard to find ways to make the IBM brand understandable," something he hopes will be addressed by an experience Epcot visitors "can touch and can engage with, because that's what people tend to remember and talk about." IBM clearly has a marketing objective in identifying itself with innovation, but it also has an interest in promoting science, technology, engineering and math education for the workforce of the future. [ A better way to promote STEM education? Read IBM-Backed High School Gets Obama Plaudits.] One theme that runs through the movie and the touchscreen displays is that there are multiple ways of exploring our world and its underlying laws: seeing, mapping, understanding, believing and acting. To turn a first impression into a lasting impression, IBM also want students and teachers to continue their exploration of these topics using the THINK app for the iPad and Android tablets, along with lessons plans from the Teachers Try Science website developed with help from the New York Hall of Science. Danielle Miller, who teaches astronomy and physical sciences at University High School in Orlando, said she experimented with teaching the curriculum module based on the spread of the flu -- and would definitely use it if she were a biology teacher -- but also hopes to develop some astronomy curriculum of her own based on the app and share it with the Teachers Try Science community.
High school science teacher Danielle Miller and her students with Mickey Mouse, at the opening of the new IBM-sponsored math and science exhibit at Epcot. Miller said she was impressed by the different ways the students she worked with reacted to the material. When she showed the mapping portion of the iPad app to members of her school's Girls in Engineering, Math and Science (GEMS) club, they immediately grasped the concept of mapping information to make better decisions and tried to apply it to "ways to make our school better." Top of their list: improving traffic patterns in the hallways and redesigning the lines in the cafeteria. "The app allows a lot of free choice, free exploration and we know students respond to that," said Michaela Labriole, an instructor from the New York Hall of Science who worked on the THINK curriculum. Having a ready-made curriculum available is helpful to teachers who are being urged to take advantage of technologies such as tablets but may not know how to use them effectively, she said. It's important for students to connect with STEM topics in ways that they can relate to their own lives, Labriole said. That's certainly something Miller saw happening with this curriculum. "I already believe my students are scientists and innovators. This helps them see that, too," she said. Follow David F. Carr on Twitter @davidfcarr or Google+.
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