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Weekend Events: Forensics, Muppets and Seamen
Saturday, May 23: One World, One Sky: Big Bird's Adventure: Planetarium Show
This story time and planetarium show double-header is epecially geared to the Smithsonian's youngest visitors. In "One World, One Sky", Big Bird and Elmo and Hu Hu Zhu (a character from the short-lived Chinese incarnation of Sesame Street) travel from Sesame Street to the moon and explore the night sky. (And for those of you unfamiliar with ATM's ongoing affair with the Muppets, check out Joseph Caputo's interview with Elmo here and our ill-fated attempt at Muppet impersonations here.) Free. Air and Space Museum, 11:00 AM
Sunday, May 24: On the Water 3-Day Opening Celebration
Commemorate the grand opening of the American History Museum's exhibit On the Water: Stories from Maritime America by attending this three-day festival (it officially began on May 23). Come learn about life on the waterways and how maritime trade shaped our nation. Celebration continues through Monday, May 25. Free. American History Museum, 11:00 AM-4:00 PM.
Monday, May 25: The Smithsonian is Open on Memorial Day!
That's right—the Smithsonian museums are open on Memorial Day! Come enjoy the sights that make the National Mall such an awesome tourist destination. I heartily encourage you to make a point of visiting the war memorials, from the all-but-forgotten WWI memorial to the Vietnam War memorial. No, they're not part of the Smithsonian (the memorials are National Parks territory) but one ought to take a few moments to think about all the men and women who have served this country. While the Smithsonian doesn't have any special Memorial Day-themed events happening today, go to goSmithsonian to get the lowdown on all the museums and plan your day.


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Adults fluent in English whose first language is Chinese retrieve their native language when reading in English, according to new research in the June 2 issue of The Journal of Neuroscience. This study suggests that people who learn a second language in adolescence or later recall the sounds of words from their native language.
The scientists who conducted the study, Yan Jing Wu, PhD, and Guillaume Thierry, PhD, of Bangor University in the United Kingdom, said their work helps researchers understand how the brain manages symbols and sounds in different languages. Thierry explained that although most bilingual people believe they function solely in one language at any given time, these findings show that it is not necessarily the case.
"Bilingual individuals retrieve information from their native language even when it's not necessary, or, even more surprising, when it is counterproductive, since native language information does not help when reading or listening to second-language words," Thierry said.
To learn how two languages interact in a bilingual mind, the authors asked 90 volunteers -- 30 native Chinese speakers, 30 native English speakers, and 30 Chinese-English bilingual adults who learned English after age 12 -- to perform a reading and a listening test. The English-speaking volunteers had to decide whether pairs of English words had similar meanings, such as "doctor" and "nurse" or "teacher" and "rabbit." The authors recorded brain activity from electrodes placed on participants' scalps to monitor how their brains responded.
What the authors didn't tell volunteers was that some English words had the same sounds or similar spelling when translated into Chinese. The results showed the bilingual adults responded to words with related meaning as quickly as native English speakers. However, when English words translated into Chinese had similar sounds and were presented to the bilingual volunteers, a specific wave of brain activity called the N400 changed. This suggests that the Chinese language words were being accessed. For example, the unrelated English word pair "experience" and "surprise" translates to "jing yan" and "jing ya."
Michael Chee, MBBS, of Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School in Singapore, who was unaffiliated with the study, said the findings show that even though people who learn a second language later in life are discouraged from directly translating words from their native language, they may be doing so anyway.
"One limitation of the study is that many older generation English learners from China learned English by memorizing lists of words in what seems like a brute force method of learning," Chee said. "It would be interesting to see if the same results would be obtained if persons learning English earlier were studied."
The research was supported by the U.K. Economic and Social Research Council and the European Research Council.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Welcome to the website of the Simba project.
If you're new to Simba, you'll want to read What Is Simba?. To download Simba and view screenshots see Downloading Simba and Screenshots.
The current stable release is Simba 1.1, with the Simba version at 1100. See Downloading Simba.
Simba is a program used to repeat certain (complicated) tasks. Typically these tasks involve using the mouse and keyboard. Simba is programmable, which means you can design your own logic and steps that Simba will follow, based upon certain input.
This "input" can vary greatly; from data in files to colors and text on the screen.
and more. Start now by Downloading Simba.
Currently Simba is still in its beta stages; this includes the documentation. You will probably notice some parts of the documentation aren't finished or are just plain missing. Don't be fooled by the look of the documentation as it is identical to this homepage, in the future they may be merged.
Simba runs on a few platforms, but currently only runs well on Windows. After installing Simba, it is highly recommend that you look at the Documentation! It contains information on how to install and setup Simba with
See this guide: http://docs.villavu.com/simba/gettingstarted.html
Simba for Windows can be downloaded as installer (DOWNLOAD), a portable build will follow soon. The installer will associate .simba files with Simba.
Linux support is broken as of Simba 1.0, but will return soon with subsequent releases!!!
Simba for Linux is still somewhat unstable and no direct release are offered, however, unofficial nightly builds exist for both Linux and Windows at l0.lt.
At this page: http://l0.lt/builders/master, click the "Download latest build" link to get to the latest (unstable) Simba release.
A good guide on how to continue is found on Simba's documentation.
The documentation contains a lot of valuable information about Simba and is essential for both the starting and advanced programmer. It contains tutorials, API references and design documentation.
The Source code is hosted on github, and can be cloned like this:
git clone git://github.com/MerlijnWajer/Simba.git
Alternatively, there's also another web interface to the Simba repository, found on git.villavu.com.
Bugs should be reported at bugs.villavu.com.


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Description (from Amazon): Jude Fawley, poor and working-class, longs to study at the University of Christminster, but his ambitions to go to university are thwarted by class prejudice and his entrapment in a loveless marriage. He falls in love with his unconventional cousin, Sue Bridehead, and their refusal to marry when free to do so confirms their rejection of and by the world around them. The shocking fate that overtakes them is an indictment of a rigid and uncaring society.
Review: Jude the Obscure was first published in 1895. It was a critical failure and scandalous to many. In fact its critical reception was so negative that Hardy decided to never to write another novel and turned his focus to poetry as a way to proper express himself. Now in the 21st century, I found Jude the Obscure shocking, gutsy, dark, extremely tragic, and so ahead of its time. While reading, I couldn't help but wonder if the book was a critical examination of his own life.
The story of Jude the Obscure attacked the three biggest institutions Victorian England held the most dear: higher education, social class, and marriage. The characters demand to reexamine and redefine marriage laws and challenge the commonly held beliefs about marriage and divorce in society. In addition, it also proposes a new Victorian woman: the intellectual, outspoken feminist.
While some may declare Jude the Obscure to be a tragic love story, I would argue that it is not a love story at all but rather a harsh criticism of the institution of marriage which is seen as an invisible jail that traps people forever. Jude and Sue are unhappily married to other people not by choice but rather coerced in different ways. Jude is tricked by his fiance who declares she is pregnant and in order to save her virtue he agrees to marry her though he doubts that he loves her. Sue makes a promise that she will marry her boss when she gets financially settled. Of course you can argue that these characters dug themselves a hole and now have to live with their choices, which is exactly how fatalistic as it sounds, but if you look at it from their historical context did they really have a choice? What is interesting is that both Jude and Sue have to the same conclusion that marriage has become a ball and chain for them and they long freedom to actually find what they are looking for. It is this inevitable bond that pulls them together. While they try to do the right thing in finding out a way to be together, their relationship is not accepted/declared legitimate by society and therefore beset by tragedy. There were moments that made my jaw drop both in shock and in heartache as Jude and Sue try to sort out the hot mess they find themselves in. They are essentially damned in which ever way they go.
In the end my feelings for this book was all over the place. I loved the fiery, smart, and highly spirited Sue who refuses to put on the act of the stereotypical silent Victorian woman. I hated how she was forced to abandon her true nature and play the role that she despises because after dealing with tragedy after tragedy, she admits that is the only way she can make things 'right'. I wanted to smack Jude upside the head for being hypocritical in acting what like a husband when he felt like it. I felt sad for him when he failed to try to achieve his dream leaving him to always be the dreamer who had no solid feet on the ground, but he did have his lucid moments that shined. I absolutely hated Annabell and felt incredibly sorry for Richard Phillotson. After reading Jude the Obscure, I was left in a daze with my mind spinning in different directions as I read to make sense of the story, which for me, is always a tell tale sign that I read a great book.
Rating: 4 stars
Words of Caution: Adult themes and allusions to sex. I don't see any harm in giving this to a teen reader, but I think the slow pace and melodrama might turn them off.
If you like this book try: Adam Bede by George Eliot, Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton


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(BPT) – If you typically dread income tax time, remember this: Three out of four taxpayers receive a federal refund, and the average direct-deposited refund last year was $ 2,923.
You have almost as many tax savings opportunities as last year, thanks to the fiscal cliff-averting tax changes passed in early January. In addition to extending the lower Bush-era income tax rates for nearly all taxpayers, the American Tax Relief Act made permanent or extended dozens of tax breaks.
"This year's tax law changes included thousands of dollars in tax benefits for working families, college students and homeowners in particular," says Jessi Dolmage, TaxACT spokesperson.
When you're ready to file your 2012 federal tax return, due April 15, 2013, watch for these key tax benefits:
* The child tax credit is worth up to $ 1,000 per eligible child, and is refundable for taxpayers with an earned income of more than $ 3,000.
* Parents who work or attend school and pay for child care may qualify for the child and dependent care credit. The maximum amount is $ 3,000 per qualifying dependent or $ 6,000 for two or more qualifying dependents under the age of 13.
* The earned income credit is for working taxpayers with low to moderate income. The refundable credit amount is based on filing status, number of qualifying children and income level. Families with three or more qualifying children could qualify for up to $ 5,891.
* The refundability of the adoption credit has expired, but the credit is still available and worth up to $ 12,650 in qualified expenses for 2012.
College and education
* You could deduct up to $ 4,000 for tuition and fees paid in 2012.
* Paying off student loans? You may be able to deduct up to $ 2,500 in interest paid during 2012.
* The American Opportunity Credit is worth up to $ 2,500 per student for post-secondary tuition, fees and course materials.
* Contributing to a Coverdell Education Savings Account? You can exempt a maximum of $ 2,000 per student in annual contributions.
* If itemizing your deductions, you may be able deduct mortgage insurance premiums paid during 2012.
* The nonbusiness energy property credit for qualified energy-efficient home improvements (insulation, exterior windows and doors, central air conditioners, water heaters and other improvements) was extended for 2012 and 2013. If you've claimed this credit on previous year tax returns after 2005, you must subtract the collective amount from the $ 500 available for 2012.
* Grade K-12 educators can deduct $ 250 in out-of-pocket expenses for classroom supplies.
* You may be able to exempt employer-provided mass transit and parking benefits from your gross income.
* If you itemize and have paid for work-related education, there's a deduction for your costs paid minus any employer reimbursed amount.
Hundreds more tax benefits are up for grabs on this year's federal returns due April 15.
When you're ready to do your taxes, use these tips to make tax time easier and faster.
1. Gather all your tax forms (W-2, 1099, 1098, etc.), receipts and a copy of last year's return first. Use TaxACT's free return checklist at www.taxact.com/checklist.
2. Don't spend too much on tax preparation. Online and downloadable software has all the guidance, forms and tools the vast majority of taxpayers need to do their own taxes. Some of the solutions are even free. "All taxpayers can file their federal tax returns free with TaxACT Free Federal Edition," says Dolmage. "TaxACT includes all e-fileable forms for simple and complex tax returns, and there's instant and personalized help available every step of the way."
3. According to the IRS, more than nine out of 10 refunds were issued in fewer than 21 days last year. You should expect the same this year. For the fastest possible refund, e-file and choose direct deposit. You can track your federal refund with "Where's My Refund" at www.irs.gov.
4. File your return by the deadline. If you need an automatic six-month extension, e-file Form 4868 and pay any taxes owed by the April 15 deadline to avoid late-filing penalties and interest fees. Finally, don't procrastinate. Rushing can lead to costly errors.
For more information about tax deductions and credits available on 2012 tax returns, visit www.irs.gov and www.taxact.com/taxinfo. Visit www.taxact.com to file your IRS taxes free with TaxACT Free Federal Edition.


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Italian Company
OZ Group
OZ is an Italian company with global distribution and a multibrand marketing strategy. Its main headquarters and production facility are in Italy (San Martino di Lupari, Padua), and it sells light alloy wheels through a global network of branches and qualified sales partners. OZ symbolizes Italian excellence in the world of wheels and is a major supplier to multiple sectors, including: racing (F1, Rally, DTM, Indy, etc.), after market, motorbike, and OEM with custom projects for luxury auto makers.
Create excellent products for car and motorbike personalization, through the maintenance of promises such as: Italian taste, racing tradition, certified quality.
OZ was created out of a passion for wheels, and for the following 40 years (since its establishment in 1971) OZ has become a legend in the automotive world.
Lean organization
OZ is a lean manufacturer, applying an organizational model that is an actual, authentic business philosophy, one that places quality and customer satisfaction at the core of every activity. The goal is to reduce waste while continuing to make improvements, in order to produce the perfect wheel – a product made to the highest manufacturing standards and tested at each stage in the production cycle.


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Century of Progress
1933–1934 Chicago | |
Overview | |
BIE-class | Universal exposition |
Category | Historical Expo |
Name | A Century of Progress International Exposition |
Motto | Science Finds, Industry Applies, Man Conforms |
Area | 172 hectares (430 acres) |
Visitors | 48,469,227 |
Location | |
Country | United States |
City | Chicago |
Venue | Lakefront, Northerly Island |
Coordinates | 41°51′38″N 87°36′41″W / 41.86056°N 87.61139°W |
Timeline | |
Bidding | 1923 |
Opening | May 27, 1933 |
Closure | October 31, 1934 |
Universal expositions | |
Previous | Ibero-American Exposition of 1929 in Sevilla and 1929 Barcelona International Exposition in Barcelona |
Next | Brussels International Exposition (1935) in Brussels |
A Century of Progress International Exposition, also known as the Chicago World's Fair, was a world's fair held in the city of Chicago, Illinois, United States, from 1933 to 1934. The fair, registered under the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE), celebrated the city's centennial. Designed largely in Art Deco style, the theme of the fair was technological innovation, and its motto was "Science Finds, Industry Applies, Man Conforms", trumpeting the message that science and American life were wedded.[1] Its architectural symbol was the Sky Ride, a transporter bridge perpendicular to the shore on which one could ride from one side of the fair to the other.
One description of the fair noted that the world, "then still mired in the malaise of the Great Depression, could glimpse a happier not-too-distant future, all driven by innovation in science and technology". Fair visitors saw the latest wonders in rail travel, automobiles, architecture and even cigarette-smoking robots.[2] The exposition "emphasized technology and progress, a utopia, or perfect world, founded on democracy and manufacturing."[3]
A Century of Progress was organized as an Illinois nonprofit corporation in January 1928 for the purpose of planning and hosting a World's Fair in Chicago in 1934. City officials designated three and a half miles of newly reclaimed land along the shore of Lake Michigan between 12th and 39th streets on the Near South Side for the fairgrounds.[4] Held on a 427 acres (1.73 km2) portion of Burnham Park, the $37,500,000 exposition was formally opened on May 27, 1933, by U.S. Postmaster General James Farley at a four-hour ceremony at Soldier Field.[5][6] The fair's opening night began with a nod to the heavens. Lights were automatically activated when the rays of the star Arcturus were detected. The star was chosen as its light had started its journey at about the time of the previous Chicago world's fair—the World's Columbian Exposition—in 1893.[7] The rays were focused on photoelectric cells in a series of astronomical observatories and then transformed into electrical energy which was transmitted to Chicago.[8]
The fair buildings were multi-colored, to create a "Rainbow City" as compared to the "White City" of Chicago's earlier World's Columbian Exposition. The buildings generally followed Moderne architecture in contrast to the neoclassical themes used at the 1893 fair. One famous feature of the fair were the performances of fan dancer Sally Rand. Hal Pearl then known as "Chicago's Youngest Organist" and later "The King of the Organ" was the official organist of the fair. Other popular exhibits were the various auto manufacturers, the Midway (filled with nightclubs such as the Old Morocco, where future stars Judy Garland, the Cook Family Singers, and the Andrews Sisters performed), and a recreation of important scenes from Chicago's history. The fair also contained exhibits that would seem shocking to modern audiences, including offensive portrayals of African Americans, a "Midget City" complete with "sixty Lilliputians",[9] and an exhibition of incubators containing real babies.[10]
The fair included an exhibit on the history of Chicago. In the planning stages, several African American groups from the city's newly growing population campaigned for Jean Baptiste Point du Sable to be honored at the fair.[11] At the time, few Chicagoans had even heard of Point du Sable, and the fair's organizers presented the 1803 construction of Fort Dearborn as the city's historical beginning. The campaign was successful, and a replica of Point du Sable's cabin was presented as part of the "background of the history of Chicago".[11] Also on display was the "Lincoln Group" of reconstructions of buildings associated with the biography of Abraham Lincoln, including his birth cabin, the Lincoln-Berry General Store, the Chicago Wigwam (in reduced scale), and the Rutledge Tavern which served as a restaurant.
Admiral Byrd's polar expedition ship the City of New York was visited by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he came to the fair on October 2, 1933. The City was on show for the full length of the exhibition.[12]
One of the highlights of the 1933 World's Fair was the arrival of the German airship Graf Zeppelin on October 26, 1933. After circling Lake Michigan near the exposition for two hours, Commander Hugo Eckener landed the 776-foot airship at the nearby Curtiss-Wright Airport in Glenview. It remained on the ground for twenty-five minutes (from 1 to 1:25 pm)[13] then took off ahead of an approaching weather front, bound for Akron, Ohio.
The "dream cars" which American automobile manufacturers exhibited at the fair included Rollston bodywork on a Duesenberg chassis, and was called the Twenty Grand ultra-luxury sedan; Cadillac's introduction of its V-16 limousine; Nash's exhibit had a variation on the vertical (i.e., paternoster lift) parking garage—all the cars were new Nashes; Lincoln presented its rear-engined "concept car" precursor to the Lincoln-Zephyr, which went on the market in 1936 with a front engine; Pierce-Arrow presented its modernistic Pierce Silver Arrow for which it used the byline "Suddenly it's 1940!" But it was Packard which won the best of show with the reintroduction of the Packard Twelve.
An enduring exhibit was the 1933 Homes of Tomorrow Exhibition that demonstrated modern home convenience and creative practical new building materials and techniques with twelve model homes sponsored by several corporations affiliated with home decor and construction.
Marine artist Hilda Goldblatt Gorenstein painted twelve murals for the Navy's exhibit in the Federal Building for the fair. The frieze was composed of twelve murals depicting the influence of sea power on America, beginning with the settlement of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607 when sea power first reached America and carrying through World War I.[14] Another set of murals, painted for the Ohio State Exhibit by William Mark Young, was relocated afterwards to the Ohio Statehouse.[15][16] Young also painted scenes of the exhibition buildings.
The first Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held at Comiskey Park (home of the Chicago White Sox) in conjunction with the fair.
In May 1934, the Union Pacific Railroad exhibited its first streamlined train, the M-10000, and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad its famous Zephyr which, on May 26, made a record-breaking dawn-to-dusk run from Denver, Colorado, to Chicago in 13 hours and 5 minutes, called the "Dawn-to-Dusk Dash". To cap its record-breaking speed run, the Zephyr arrived dramatically on-stage at the fair's "Wings of a Century" transportation pageant.[17] The two trains launched an era of industrial streamlining.[18] Both trains later went into successful revenue service, the Union Pacific's as the City of Salina, and the Burlington Zephyr as the first Pioneer Zephyr.[19] The Zephyr is now on exhibit at Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry.[20]
Frank Buck furnished a wild animal exhibit, Frank Buck's Jungle Camp. Over two million people visited Buck's reproduction of the camp he and his native assistants lived in while collecting animals in Asia. After the fair closed, Buck moved the camp to a compound he had created at Amityville, New York.[21]
Planning for the design of the Exposition began over five years prior to Opening Day.[22] According to an official resolution, decisions regarding the site layout and the architectural style of the exposition were relegated to an architectural commission, which was led by Paul Cret and Raymond Hood.[23] Local architects on the committee included Edward Bennett, John Holabird, and Hubert Burnham. Frank Lloyd Wright was specifically left off the commission due to his inability to work well with others, but did go on to produce three conceptual schemes for the fair.[24][25] Members of this committee ended up designing most of the large, thematic exhibition pavilions.[26]
From the beginning, the commission members shared a belief that the buildings should not reinterpret past architectural forms – as had been done at earlier fairs, such as Chicago's 1893 World's Columbian Exposition—but should instead reflect new, modern ideas, as well as suggest future architectural developments.[27] Because the fairgrounds was on new man-made land that was owned by the state and not the city, the land was initially free from Chicago's strict building codes, which allowed the architects to explore new materials and building techniques.[28] This allowed the design and construction of a wide array of experimental buildings, that eventually included large general exhibition halls, such as the Hall of Science (Paul Cret) and the Federal Building (Bennet, Burnham, and Holabird); corporate pavilions, including the General Motors Building (Albert Kahn) and the Sears Pavilion (Nimmons, Carr, and Wright); futuristic model houses, most popular was the twelve-sided House of Tomorrow (George Frederick Keck); as well as progressive foreign pavilions, including the Italian Pavilion (Mario de Renzi and Adalberto Libera); and historic and ethnic entertainment venues, such as the Belgian Village (Burnham Brothers with Alfons De Rijdt),[29] and the Streets of Paris (Andrew Rebori and John W. Root) where fan dancer Sally Rand performed.[30] These buildings were constructed out of five-ply Douglas fir plywood, ribbed-metal siding, and prefabricated boards such as Masonite, Sheetrock, Maizewood, as well as other new man-made materials.[31] The exhibited buildings were windowless (but cheerfully lighted) buildings.[32] Structural advances also filled the fairgrounds. These included the earliest catenary roof constructed in the United States, which roofed the dome of the Travel and Transport Building (Bennet, Burnham and Holabird) and the first thin shell concrete roof in the United States, on the small, multi-vaulted Brook Hill Farm Dairy built for the 1934 season of the fair.[33]
Later history[edit]
Amoebic dysentery outbreak[edit]
From June to November 1933, there was an outbreak of amoebic dysentery associated with the fair. There were more than a thousand cases, resulting in 98 deaths.[34][35][36] Joel Connolly of the Chicago Bureau of Sanitary Engineering brought the outbreak to an end when he found that defective plumbing permitted sewage to contaminate drinking water in two hotels.
Originally, the fair was scheduled only to run until November 12, 1933, but it was so successful that it was opened again to run from May 26 to October 31, 1934.[37] The fair was financed through the sale of memberships, which allowed purchases of a certain number of admissions once the park was open. More than $800,000 was raised in this manner as the country was in the Great Depression. A $10 million bond was issued on October 28, 1929, the day before the stock market crashed. By the time the fair closed in 1933, half of these notes had been retired, with the entire debt paid by the time the fair closed in 1934. For the first time in American history, an international fair had paid for itself. In its two years, it had attracted 48,769,227 visitors. According to James Truslow Adams's Dictionary of American History, during the 170 days beginning May 27, 1933, there were 22,565,859 paid admissions; during the 163 days beginning May 26, 1934, there were 16,486,377; a total of 39,052,236.[38]
Much of the fair site is now home to Northerly Island park (since the closing of Meigs Field) and McCormick Place. The Balbo Monument, given to Chicago by Benito Mussolini to honor General Italo Balbo's 1933 trans-Atlantic flight, still stands near Soldier Field. The city added a red star to its flag in 1933 to commemorate the Century of Progress Exposition (the Fair is now represented by the fourth of four stars on the flag).[39] In conjunction with the fair, Chicago's Italian-American community raised funds and donated a statue of Genoese navigator and explorer Christopher Columbus.[40] It was placed at the south end of Grant Park, near the site of the fair.
The Polish Museum of America possesses the painting of Pulaski at Savannah by Stanisław Kaczor-Batowski, which was exhibited at the Century of Progress fair and where it won first place. After the close of the fair, the painting went on display at The Art Institute of Chicago where it was unveiled by Eleanor Roosevelt on July 10, 1934. The painting was on display at the Art Institute until its purchase by the Polish Women's Alliance on the museum's behalf.[41]
The U.S. Post Office Department issued a special fifty-cent Air Mail postage stamp, (Scott catalogue number C-18) to commemorate the visit of the German airship depicting (l to r) the fair's Federal Building, the Graf Zeppelin in flight, and its home hangar in Friedrichshafen, Germany. This stamp is informally known as the Baby Zep to distinguish it from the much more valuable 1930 Graf Zeppelin stamps (C13–15). Separate from this issue, for the Fair the Post Office also printed 1 and 3 cent commemorative postage stamps, showing respectively Fort Dearborn and the modernistic Federal Building. These were also printed in separate souvenir sheets as blocks of 25 (catalog listings 728–31). In 1935 the sheets were reprinted (Scott 766–67).
From October 2010 through September 2011, the National Building Museum in Washington, D.C. opened an exhibition titled Designing Tomorrow: America's World's Fairs of the 1930s.[42] This exhibition prominently featured the Century of Progress fair in Chicago.
In popular culture[edit]
- Nelson Algren's 1935 novel Somebody in Boots features the Chicago World's Fair of 1933–34, with the Century of Progress being described as "the brief city sprung out of the prairie and falling again into dust."[43]
- Jean Shepherd wrote about attending the Century of Progress as a boy in the 1966 book In God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash[44]
- Roy J. Snell, author of books for boys and girls, used Chicago, the building of the Fair site, the Fair itself -including the Sky Ride - and then certain portions of the Fair after it closed in several of his books. Publisher, Reilly & Lee. Books now in Public Domain.[citation needed]
- Beverly Gray at the World's Fair, originally the sixth book in Clair Blank's Beverly Gray series, was published in 1935 and is set at the Century of Progress. The book was dropped when the series changed publishers due to fears that readers would find it dated, and has since become a sought after volume by collectors of the series.[citation needed]
- In True Detective, the 1983 private eye novel by Max Allan Collins, and the first to feature his long-running character Nate Heller, Heller is hired as a security consultant by the Fair, and a good deal of the novel is set there. The suspenseful action climax takes place at the Fair. The novel went on to win the Shamus from the Private Eye Writers of America for Best Novel.[45]
- Brief footage of the fairground sideshows is used in the 1933 film Hoop-La, the plot of which revolves around the fair. It was the last film made by Clara Bow. Also shown is a panorama of the Century of Progress concourse.[citation needed]
- In her novel The Fountainhead, Ayn Rand describes a world fair named The March of the Centuries. Despite having taken place in 1936, The March of the Centuries bears a striking similarity to the Century of Progress exposition: it, too, is designed by a group of architects; architect Howard Roark was initially invited but later denied opportunity to participate in planning (as his prototype Frank Lloyd Wright was left off the commission), the fair opened in May. Rand described the fair as "a ghastly flop" and mentioned that its only attraction was "somebody named Juanita Fay who danced with a live peacock as sole garment" (a description clearly based on Sally Rand's performance).[46]
The major archive for the Century of Progress International Exposition, including the official records from the event and the papers of Lenox Lohr, general manager of the fair, are housed in Special Collections at the University of Illinois, Chicago. A collection of materials including images is held by the Ryerson & Burnham Libraries at the Art Institute of Chicago. The Century of Progress Collection includes photographs, guidebooks, brochures, maps, architectural drawings, and souvenir items. Specific collections with material include the Chicago Architects Oral History Project; the Daniel H. Burnham Jr. and Hubert Burnham Papers; Edward H. Bennett Collection; Voorhees, Gmelin, and Walker photographs.
Mural Geheral Exhibit 3rd pavilion
One of the eagles that stood on pedestals along Lakeshore Drive and Michigan Avenue in Downtown Chicago during the World's Fair.
Poster for the fair by Glen C. Sheffer.
Ground Plan for the Exhibit showing name and location of most exhibits. From the files of Assistant Ticket Manager Joseph W Baker.
Japanese official pavilion buildings at the 1933 World's Fair, with gardens constructed by Chicago Japanese garden builder T.R. Otsuka
See also[edit]
- ^ "World's Fairs 1933–1939". Historic Events for Students: The Great Depression. encyclopedia. March 6, 2019. Archived from the original on March 7, 2019. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
- ^ LaMorte, Chris (October 2, 2017). "Century of Progress Homes Tour at Indiana Dunes takes visitors back to the future". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
- ^ "World's Fairs 1933-1939". Historic Events for Students: The Great Depression. Encyclopedia. February 25, 2019. Archived from the original on March 7, 2019. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
- ^ Schrenk, Lisa D. (2007). Building a Century of Progress: The Architecture of the 1933-34 Chicago World's FairUniversity of Minnesota Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-0816648368.
- ^ Chicago Fair Opened by Farley; Rays of Arcturus Start Lights. Postmaster General Conveys President's Hope That Exposition Will Help Friendship Among Nations—First Day's Attendance Estimated at About 250,000. The New York Times, May 28, 1933, p. 1
- ^ Chicago and Suburbs 1939. Works Progress Administration. 1939. p. 105.
- ^ "Century of Progress World's Fair, 1933–1934". University of Illinois-Chicago. January 2008. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved September 6, 2009.
- ^ Marche II, Jordan D. (June 8, 2005). Theaters of Time and Space: American Planetaria, 1930-1970. Rutgers University Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-8135-3576-0. Archived from the original on April 25, 2016. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
- ^ Raabe, Meinhardt; Daniel Kinske (2005). Memories of a Munchkin. New York: Back Stage Books. ISBN 0-8230-9193-7.
- ^ Baby Incubators, Omaha Public Library Archived August 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ a b Reed, Christopher R. (June 1991). "'In the Shadow of Fort Dearborn': Honoring De Saible at the Chicago World's Fair of 1933–1934". Journal of Black Studies. 21 (4): 398–413. doi:10.1177/002193479102100402. JSTOR 2784685. S2CID 145599165.
- ^ "Itinerary for FDR's trip to the Chicago World's Fair". fdrlibrary.marist.edu. Archived from the original on June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 3, 2018.
- ^ Senkus, William M. (2002). "Cinderella Stamps of the Century of Progress Expo in Chicago, Illinois". alphabetilately.org. Archived from the original on April 30, 2016. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
- ^ McDowell, Malcolm (May 6, 1933). "U.S. Navy Exhibits Arrive for Fair; Models to Show Sea's Influence on Nation". Chicago Daily News. University of Illinois at Chicago archive. Archived from the original on June 27, 2009.
- ^ "Young, William Mark (March 18, 1881 - January 1, 1946): Geographicus Rare Antique Maps". Geographicus. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
- ^ Northwest Territory Celebration Commission (1938). Final Report of the Northwest Territory Celebration Commission (PDF). pp. 10–11, 47–50.
- ^ "Pioneer Zephyr - A Legendary History". excerpts from the New York Times. Chicago Museum of Science and Industry. May 27, 1934. Archived from the original on February 8, 2005. Retrieved February 24, 2005.
- ^ Zimmermann, Karl (2004). Burlington's Zephyrs. Saint Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing Company. pp. 16, 26. ISBN 978-0-7603-1856-0.
- ^ Schafer, Mike; Welsh, Joe (1997). Classic American Streamliners. Osceola, Wisconsin: MBI Publishing. p. 14. ISBN 0-7603-0377-0. Archived from the original on October 19, 2021..
- ^ "All Aboard the Pioneer Zephyr". MSI Chicago. Archived from the original on November 19, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
- ^ Frank Buck's Jungleland Archived 2009-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ For a detailed discussion of the architecture of the Century of Progress International Expositions, see Schrenk, Lisa D. (2007). Building a Century of Progress: The Architecture of the 1933-34 Chicago World's Fair. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0816648368.
- ^ Chicago World's Fair Centennial Celebration of 1933 Board of Trustees, Resolution, 21 February 1928, Available in the Century of Progress Archive, University of Illinois, Chicago.
- ^ Raymond Hood to Frank Lloyd Wright, Letter, 16 February 1931, Taliesin Archives, Avery Library, Columbia University.
- ^ For more on Frank Lloyd Wright and the Century of Progress see Lisa D. Schrenk (2007). Building a Century of Progress: The Architecture of the 1933-34 Chicago World's Fair. University of Minnesota Press. p. 188-199 ISBN 978-0816648368
- ^ Schrenk, Lisa D. (2007). Building a Century of Progress: The Architecture of the 1933-34 Chicago World's Fair. University of Minnesota Press. p. 70. ISBN 978-0816648368.
- ^ Schrenk, Lisa D. (2007). Building a Century of Progress: The Architecture of the 1933-34 Chicago World's Fair. University of Minnesota Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0816648368.
- ^ S. L. Tesone to C.W. Farrier and J. Stewart, Memo, 16 October 1933, p. 65, Century of Progress Archive, University of Illinois, Chicago.
- ^ Coomans, Thomas (2020). A Complex Identity Picturesquely Staged. The 'Belgian Village' at the Century of Progress Exhibition, Chicago 1933, Revue Belge d'Archéologie et d'Histoire de l'Art, 89, p. 141-172. ISSN 0035-077X.
- ^ Schrenk, Lisa D. (2007). Building a Century of Progress: The Architecture of the 1933-34 Chicago World's Fair. University of Minnesota Press. p. 265. ISBN 978-0816648368.
- ^ Schrenk, Lisa D. (2007). Building a Century of Progress: The Architecture of the 1933-34 Chicago World's Fair. University of Minnesota Press. p. 130-131. ISBN 978-0816648368.
- ^ "World Fairs 1933-1939". Historic Events for Students: The Great Depression, Encyclopedia. February 25, 2019. Archived from the original on March 7, 2019. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
- ^ Schrenk, Lisa D. (2007). Building a Century of Progress: The Architecture of the 1933-34 Chicago World's Fair. University of Minnesota Press. p.40. ISBN 978-0816648368
- ^ Markell, E.K. (June 1986). "The 1933 Chicago outbreak of amebiasis". Western Journal of Medicine. 144 (6): 750. PMC 1306777. PMID 3524005.
- ^ "Water and Waste Systems". Archived from the original on January 19, 2017. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
- ^ "2022 National Backflow Prevention Day!". Arbiter Backflow. August 16, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
- ^ Rydell, Robert W. (2005). "Century of Progress Exposition". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
- ^ "1933 Chicago". www.bie-paris.org. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
- ^ "Municipal Flag of Chicago". Chicago Public Library. 2009. Archived from the original on June 15, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2009.
- ^ "Christopher Columbus" (PDF). Chicago Park District. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2011. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
- ^ The Polish Museum of America – History and Collections – Guide, p.31 Argraf, Warsaw, 2003
- ^ "Designing Tomorrow: America's World's Fairs of the 1930s". National Building Museum. February 7, 2017. Archived from the original on February 1, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
- ^ Blades, John (May 10, 1987). "Nelson Algren's 'Boots' Still Has A Powerful Kick". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on August 8, 2012. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
- ^ "In God We Trust by Jean Shepherd: 9780385021746 | PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books". PenguinRandomhouse.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
- ^ Randisi, Robert J. (February 10, 2015). Fifty Shades of Grey Fedora: The Private Eye Writers of America Presents. Riverdale Avenue Books LLC. ISBN 978-1-62601-153-3. Archived from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
- ^ Rand, Ayn (1994). The Fountainhead. HarperCollinsPublishers. ISBN 978-0-586-01264-2.
External links[edit]
- Official website of the BIE
- 1933/1934 Chicago World's Fair website
- Chicago World's Fair: A Century of Progress International Exposition – 1933/34 in Postcards
- Panoramic photograph of Century of Progress (from Library of Congress website)
- Website dedicated to the 1933–1934 Century of Progress
- Photographs of Graf Zeppelin over Chicago
- Century of progress Brownie camera on www.BROWNIE.camera
- 1933 Century of Progress Digital Collection from the University of Chicago
- Burnham, Beaux-Arts, Plan of Chicago, & Fairs
- Chicago Art Deco Society
- Florida Pavilion – Chicago World's Fair 1933
- A Century of Progress Records at the University of Illinois at Chicago
- Century of Progress images from University of Illinois at Chicago digital collections
- History Detectives . Investigations – Sideshow Babies | PBS
- "The Miracle of Light at the World's Fair" Popular Mechanics, October 1934, pp. 497–512
- "Three Little Maids draw a crowd of 10,000 at Chicago's World's Fair", Chicago Tribune, October 1933


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Valmont Industries is one of the world's leading providers of engineered products and services for infrastructure, and irrigation equipment for agriculture. Learn More
Valmont pioneered the center-pivot, and now Valley® brand sets the standard for mechanized irrigation systems to meet food production demands worldwide. Learn More
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Valmont's Utility business provides steel and concrete transmission and distribution poles, and substation structures, for traditional and renewable energy systems. Learn More
Valmont's hot-dip galvanizing, anodizing, powder and e-coatings protect steel materials from corrosion to maximize life, appearance and safety. Learn More
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text: Culiacan - Mexican Drug War Culiacan, Sinaloa.Mexico.July 6, 2008..Dozens of armed State policeman, along with the Mexican military, patrol the city streets in a show of force in Culiacan. They set up road-blocks and travel through the poorer burrios. From January 1 to mid-July 2008 there have been 535 drug related killings in Sinolao, many of them were police officers..


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Shingles vaccine: A shot in the arm
"You should get a shingles vaccine," said my doctor at my annual checkup. "You can get it at the same time you get your flu shot at the pharmacy."
"Does it hurt?" I asked as I slipped back into my boots. I knew it was kind of a dumb question, because of course it would hurt. I mean, come on; shots hurt. When your kids are little, you pretend that shots don't hurt so they won't be afraid of getting one. But on the inside, you know that when you get the shot, you're like "Holy mother of Godzilla, that hurts!"
"A little," she said.
"And will I get a lollipop afterward?" I asked.
"Probably not."
I figured she was being truthful about the second question but not being truthful about the first, so without the motivation of a piece of candy, I put it off for a week. But then I found myself at the drug store and decided to bite the bullet and get the shots while I was there. When I told the pharmacist I wanted the vaccines, she smiled at me like I was going to get something really good, like a free ice cream cone, not two long, sharp needles jabbed into my arm.
In truth, it wasn't so much the shots I was afraid of; it was the aftershots. I've had the flu vaccine, and the aftershot for that one isn't bad at all, but I'd heard that the aftermath of the shingles shot is bad. Like, your arm hurts so much you can't lift it to even grab a sheet of toilet paper bad. Still, no one I knew had said anything about it, so I thought maybe it wouldn't be that bad.
The pharmacist took me into a tiny back room and then she whipped out two giant needles. One was filled with the shingles serum and the other with the flu vaccine. Then, before you could say "chin hair," she gave me a shot in each arm.
That was it. She said "Have a nice day" like she hadn't just impaled me on two swordfish-sized needles, and she left. I got up, waved my arms around, and felt nothing. But once I got home, I realized that my shingles arm was getting a little achy. By dinner time, it was really sore. And the next morning, I couldn't lift my shingles shot arm, and I was walking around like a lopsided orangutan with my knuckles dragging on the floor. My husband, of course, thought I was being a weenie and said I was overreacting. I said, "People who get Man Colds shouldn't throw stones."
The shingles arm pain lasted for a week. And then suddenly it was better. I was so relieved because my arm felt normal again… until I remembered, "Holy Mother of Godzilla, I have to get a SECOND booster shot."
Realizing that the pain from a shingles shot was much, much less than actually having shingles, I quit whining about it and told all my girlfriends they should get the shingles shot. I also decided to start a Sisterhood of the Traveling Shingles Shot Arm and tell everyone what came AFTER the shingles shot so they could prepare themselves for the orangutan experience that would come.
And this time, after I get the booster shot, I plan to have chocolate cake waiting for me when I get home, which will be great — as long as I can lift my arm to put the fork in my mouth.


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Polls and Channel Points Predictions have leveled up with Twitch API and EventSub support
Polls and Channel Points Predictions are two of our most popular community engagement tools for Twitch Partners and Affiliates.
Polls — used to quickly identify viewer sentiment and make choices that impact stream content — are a fun, lightweight interaction that everyone on a channel can participate in. From our most hardcore viewers, who want a say in upcoming gameplay, to lurkers who enjoy the anonymous interaction, Polls appeal to a wide range of viewers and help creators keep their content fresh and relevant.
Predictions allow viewers to use their Channel Points to back one of two forecasted options, with the chance to win points from the pool if their guess is correct. Since the feature's debut in December 2020, millions of viewers each week have put their points behind the blue side or the pink side (or as we've seen many times — Believers or Doubters). Running a Prediction during a high-stakes moment is sure to get Chat going, especially as temporary badges help viewers identify their team and spur light rivalry.
Now that Polls and Channel Points Predictions have become an integral part of the broadcasting and viewing experience, we're pleased to make this functionality generally available through the Twitch API and EventSub as of today. By providing a programmatic way to manage Polls and Predictions, developers can leverage their innovation and creativity to provide a wide range of unique interactive experiences for the Twitch community.
Developers and broadcasters will certainly discover more ways to take advantage of these APIs than we can imagine, and that's part of the excitement. To make sure these new APIs were reliable and met the community's expectations, we released this functionality earlier this month as a public beta. During this timeframe, developers were able to familiarize themselves with the endpoints and provide feedback regarding any changes or future improvements to consider. Let's take a look at some ideas that have popped up.
An unofficial statistic we like to use around here is TTM, or "Time To Minecraft." When new Twitch developer products become available, they are inevitably integrated into Minecraft quite quickly, and the Polls and Predictions APIs were no exception. Here's a great example from thefyrewire that shows how Polls can be leveraged programmatically for an audience to affect in-game events.
Programmatic Channel Points Predictions can be very useful as well for providing a deeper immersion and friendly competition among viewers. Take this Tweet from therealhellcat for example.
Viewergames Arcade is a racing game designed to be played with the broadcaster's audience, so being able to predict winning outcomes only fuels this friendly competition more and keeps the audience engaged. It's easy to see how this idea can be applied more broadly; imagine game developers programmatically starting a Prediction when the broadcaster enters a boss battle or when the game detects the broadcaster is close to fulfilling an achievement.
These are ideas that broadcasters and their communities have been able to dream up in just the first few weeks of the public beta. We can't even imagine what you will build in the coming months and years. To start developing with Polls and Predictions, refer to the API reference for actions like starting a poll, and refer to the new EventSub subscription types to receive related events as they occur. And we continue to welcome your feedback via the developer category on UserVoice.
While we cannot predict exactly what you're going to build, we unequivocally know that the Polls and Predictions APIs will help you deliver some of the most clever and unique interactive experiences for the Twitch community.


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88 S.Ct. 1327
20 L.Ed.2d 170
UNITED STATES et al., Petitioners,
Alfred E. COLEMAN et al.
No. 630.
Argued March 28, 1968.
Decided April 22, 1968.
Rehearing Denied May 27, 1968.
See 391 U.S. 961, 88 S.Ct. 1834.
Frank J. Barry, Tucson, Ariz., for the United States and others; Solicitor General Griswold, Assistant Attorney General Martz, Robert S. Rifkind, Roger P. Marquis and George R. Hyde on the brief.
Howard A. Twitty, Phoenix, Ariz., for respondents; George W. Nilsson, W. Howard Gray, Edward A. McCabe and Monta W. Shirley on the brief.
Winston S. Howard and Don H. Sherwood for New Jersey Zinc Co. as amicus curiae.
Mr. Justice BLACK delivered the opinion of the Court.
In 1956 respondent Coleman applied to the Department of the Interior for a patent to certain public lands based on his entry onto and exploration of these lands and his discovery there of a variety of stone called quartzite, one of the most common of all solid materials. It was, and still is, respondent Coleman's contention that the quartzite deposits qualify as 'valuable mineral deposits' under 30 U.S.C. § 221 and make the land 'chiefly valuable for building stone' under 30 U.S.C. § 161.2 The Secretary of the Interior held that to qualify as 'valuable mineral deposits' under 30 U.S.C. § 22 it must be shown that the mineral can be 'extracted, removed and marketed at a profit'—the so-called 'marketability test.' Based on the largely undisputed evidence in the record, the Secretary concluded that the deposits claimed by respondent Coleman did not meet that criterion. As to the alternative 'chiefly valuable for building stone' claim, the Secretary held that respondent Coleman's quartzite deposits were a 'common variet(y)' of stone within the meaning of 30 U.S.C. § 611,3 and thus they could not serve as the basis for a valid mining claim under the mining laws. The Secretary denied the patent application, but respondent Coleman remained on the land, forcing the Government to bring this present action in ejectment in the District Court against respondent Coleman and his lessee, respondent McClennan. The respondents filed a counterclaim seeking to have the District Court direct the Secretary to issue a patent to them. The District Court, agreeing with the Secretary, rendered summary judgment for the Government. On appeal the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed, holding specifically that the test of profitable marketability was not a proper standard for determining whether a discovery of 'valuable mineral deposits' under 30 U.S.C. § 22 had been made and that building stone could not be deemed a 'common variet(y)' of stone under 30 U.S.C. § 611. We granted the Government's petition for certiorari because of the importance of the decision to the utilization of the public lands. 389 U.S. 970, 88 S.Ct. 476, 19 L.Ed.2d 460.
We cannot agree with the Court of Appeals and believe that the rulings of the Secretary of the Interior were proper. The Secretary's determination that the quartzite deposits did not qualify as valuable mineral deposits because the stone could not be marketed at a profit does no violence to the statute. Indeed, the marketability test is an admirable effort to identify with greater precision and objectivity the factors relevant to a determination that a mineral deposit is 'valuable.' It is a logical complement to the 'prudent-man test' which the Secretary has been using to interpret the mining laws since 1894. Under this 'prudent-man test' in order to qualify as 'valuable mineral deposits,' the discovered deposits must be of such a character that 'a person of ordinary prudence would be justified in the further expenditure of his labor and means, with a reasonable prospect of success, in developing a valuable mine * * *.' Castle v. Womble, 19 L.D. 455, 457 (1894). This Court has approved the prudent-man formulation and interpretation on numerous occasions. See, for example, Chrisman v. Miller, 197 U.S. 313, 322, 25 S.Ct. 468, 49 L.Ed. 770; Cameron v. United States, 252 U.S. 450, 459, 40 S.Ct. 410, 64 L.Ed. 659; Best v. Humboldt Placer Mining Co., 371 U.S. 334, 335—336, 83 S.Ct. 379, 9 L.Ed.2d 350. Under the mining laws Congress has made public lands available to people for the purpose of mining valuable mineral deposits and not for other purposes.4 The obvious intent was to reward and encourage the discovery of minerals that are valuable in an economic sense. Minerals which no prudent man will extract because there is no demand for them at a price higher than the costs of extraction and transportation are hardly economically valuable. Thus, profitability is an important consideration in applying the prudent-man test, and the marketability test which the Secretary has used here merely recognizes this fact.
The marketability test also has the advantage of throwing light on a claimant's intention, a matter which is inextricably bound together with valuableness. For evidence that a mineral deposit is not of economic value and cannot in all likelihood be operated at a profit may well suggest that a claimant seeks the land for other purposes. Indeed, as the Government points out, the facts of this case—the thousands of dollars and hours spent building a home on 720 acres in a highly scenic national forest located two hours from Los Angeles, the lack of an economically feasible market for the stone, and the immense quantities of identical stone found in the area outside the claims—might well be thought to raise a substantial question as to respondent Coleman's real intention.
Finally, we think that the Court of Appeals' objection to the marketability test on the ground that it involves the imposition of a different and more onerous standard on claims for minerals of widespread occurrence than for rarer minerals which have generally been dealt with under the prudent-man test is unwarranted. As we have pointed out above, the prudent-man test and the marketability test are not distinct standards, but are complementary in that the latter is a refinement of the former. While it is true that the marketability test is usually the critical factor in cases involving nonmetallic minerals of widespread occurrence, this is accounted for by the perfectly natural reason that precious metals which are in small supply and for which there is a great demand, sell at a price so high as to leave little room for doubt that they can be extracted and marketed at a profit.
We believe that the Secretary of the Interior was also correct in ruling that '(i)n view of the immense quantities of identical stone found in the area outside the claims, the stone must be considered a 'common variety" and thus must fall within the exclusionary language of § 3 of the 1955 Act, 69 Stat. 368, 30 U.S.C. § 611, which declares that '(a) deposit of common varieties of * * * stone * * * shall (not) be deemed a valuable mineral deposit within the meaning of the mining laws * * *.' Respondents rely on the earlier 1892 Act, 30 U.S.C. § 161, which makes the mining laws applicable to 'lands that are chiefly valuable for building stone' and contend that the 1955 Act has no application to building stone, since, according to respondents, '(s)tone which is chiefly valuable as building stone is, by that very fact, not a common variety of stone.' This was also the reasoning of the Court of Appeals. But this argument completely fails to take into account the reason why Congress felt compelled to pass the 1955 Act with its modification of the mining laws. The legislative history makes clear that this Act (30 U.S.C. § 611) was intended to remove common types of sand, gravel, and stone from the coverage of the mining laws, under which they served as a basis for claims to land patents, and to place the disposition of such materials under the Materials Act of 1947, 61 Stat. 681, 30 U.S.C. § 601 et seq., which provides for the sale of such materials without disposing of the land on which they are found. For example, the Chairman of the House Committe on Interior and Insular Affairs explained the 1955 Act as follows:
'The reason we have done that is because sand, stone, gravel * * * are really building materials, and are not the type of material contemplated to be handled under the mining laws, and that is precisely where we have had so much abuse of the mining laws. * * *' 101 Cong.Rec. 8743. (Emphasis added.) Similarly, the Senate Committee Report stated that the bill was intended to:
'Provide that deposits of common varieties of sand, building stone, gravel, pumice, pumicite, and cinders on the public lands, where they are found in widespread abundance, shall be disposed of under the Materials Act of 1947 (61 Stat. 681), rather than under the mining law of 1872.' S.Rep. No. 554, 84th Cong., 1st Sess. 2. (Emphasis added.)
Thus we read 30 U.S.C. § 611, passed in 1955, as removing from the coverage of the mining laws 'common varieties' of building stone, but leaving 30 U.S.C. § 161, the 1892 Act, entirely effective as to building stone that has 'some property giving it distinct and special value' (expressly excluded under § 611).
For these reasons we hold that the United States is entitled to eject respondents from the land and that respondents' counterclaim for a patent must fail. The case is reversed and remanded to the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit for further proceedings to carry out this decision.
It is so ordered.
Judgment reversed and case remanded.
Mr. Justice MARSHALL took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.
The cornerstone of federal legislation dealing with mineral lands is the Act of May 10, 1872, 17 Stat. 91, 30 U.S.C. § 22, which provides in § 1 that citizens may enter and explore the public domain and, if they find valuable mineral deposits,' may obtain title to the land on which such deposits are located by application to the Department of the Interior. The Secretary of the Interior is 'charged with seeing * * * that valid claims * * * (are) recognized, invalid ones eliminated, and the rights of the public preserved.' Cameron v. United States, 252 U.S. 450, 460, 40 S.Ct. 410, 412, 64 L.Ed. 659.
The 1872 Act, supra, was supplemented in 1892 by the passage of the Act of August 4, 1892, 27 Stat. 348, 30 U.S.C. § 161, which provides in § 1 in pertinent part: 'That any person authorized to enter lands under the mining laws of the United States may enter lands that are chiefly valuable for building stone under the provisions of the law in relation to placer mineral claims * * *.'
Section 3 of the Act of July 23, 1955, 69 Stat. 368, 30 U.S.C. § 611, provides in pertinent part as follows: 'A deposit of common varieties of sand, stone, gravel, pumice, pumicite, or cinders shall not be deemed a valuable mineral deposit within the meaning of the mining laws of the United States so as to give effective validity to any mining claim hereafter located under such mining laws * * *. 'Common varieties' as used in this Act does not include deposits of such materials which are valuable because the deposit has some property giving it distinct and special value * * *.'
17 Stat. 92, 30 U.S.C. § 29, provides in pertinent part as follows: 'A patent for any land claimed and located for valuable deposits may be obtained in the following manner: Any person * * * having claimed and located a piece of land for such purposes * * * may file, * * *.' (Emphasis added.)


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Rich Franklin Wants Third Crack at Anderson Silva in UFC Swan SongBy: Jordy McElroy, Bleacher Report
"Rich Franklin "100-percent wholeheartedly" believes a third time could be the charm against Anderson Silva.
"The former UFC middleweight champ, who turns 40 in October, is still in search of an opponent to finish out the final bout on his UFC contract. But he isn't looking to exit quietly with a meaningless win over a mediocre name."
Read the full article


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May 13, 2010
The High Cost of Obesity
It seems that it's very much in the nature of human nature to expect more without having more expected of us. Because so much energy is being focused on the cost of health care and the proposed programs for universal health insurance, the flip side of the equation is starting to get attention.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention unveiled a free website application last week called LEANWorks, designed to motivate employers to start "healthy living" and weight loss programs for their employees, because being overweight is a major cause of certain illnesses, and also contributes to missed work days and higher insurance costs. Of course, representatives of organizations like the National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance are up in arms over this.A keystone to the LEANWorks program is the "obesity cost calculator" for companies to estimate how much their obese and overweight employees are costing them in higher insurance rates and missed work days each year. The ultimate point is to get preventive programs in place.Of course, the "fat advocates" don't want responsibility - just perks. They are claiming everything from prejudice to discrimination. In their view, facts are irrelevant. It's just their "feelings" that count. It's no secret that obesity is a big risk factor for chronic diseases. Obesity has accounted for over 25% of the rise in medical costs between 1987 and 2001, according to Dr. Bill Dietz, Director of the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity at the CDC. While it is also true that people of normal weight have medical issues which result in work day losses and higher insurance costs, most of their conditions are not as controllable as excess body fat.It is the moral responsibility of those who are overweight and obese, of those who smoke, of those who abuse alcohol and various drugs to correct their activities for the greater good of the community which has to take on responsibility for the negative consequences of their behavior, and their lack of self-discipline and commitment to health.If the greater "we" is responsible for taking financial hits in order to cater to the predictable consequences of your actions, then you become accountable to the greater "we," and we cut out the nonsense about discrimination and prejudice against fat. It isn't healthy, plain and simple. And now that you think about it, it isn't fair , either.
Posted by Staff at 1:06 AM


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Paul Reinheimer has posted about a contest in the making - a turn-based robot battle sort of game where PHP scripts compete against each other.
Just a quick announcement, in an effort to come up with a self scoring contest, I came up with the ridiculously simple concept of robots firing lasers at each other in a fictional arena. Each robot controlled by a different PHP script, and a central arena managing it all. It's basically a turn based game where your robots take turns for you.
You can check out more about the game and its rules over on the Web Bot Battle site. It defines how your bots should act and even has some examples for you to work from.


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Learning to read simple words and sentences can help your child get excited about starting 'big school'. An early grasp of basic reading skills can give kids the confidence boost they need to feel ready to approach this important new milestone.
And there is a huge body of research that supports getting an early start in reading before school. Learning to read is one of the most important factors of academic school and contributes significantly to success in early literacy.
So how much is your child expected to know before starting school? Around the ages of four and five, your child is likely to start developing some basic reading skills, such as phonemic awareness, and may even know some sight words. At this stage, your child may also know how to spell his or her name and recognise the letters of the alphabet.
This is an important time to lay the foundations for your child's reading success. Here are some fun, engaging, and age-appropriate ways you can help your child learn some basic reading skills before they start school:
Reading regularly with your child continues to be one of the most important things you can do to build essential literacy skills. Make an effort to emphasise new vocabulary words and use them in everyday conversation. It's also a good idea to encourage your child to retell stories you have read by drawing pictures, using puppets or even role-playing. A good rule of thumb is that by the time they start school, they should be able to listen to and understand five to ten minute stories and retell simple stories they've heard.
At the ages of four and five, most children will learn to name the letters in the alphabet. Some children will learn to spell and write the letters in his or her name. You can use alphabet charts at home that include uppercase and lowercase versions of each letter, or play online reading games that focus on letter recognition and progress at your child's pace. When you read together, ask your child to find certain words and letters, for example, "Can you find Sam's name on the page?", "Can you find the word 'and' in this sentence?" or "How many words can you find on the page that starts with the letter p?"
Why not start exploring letters and sounds in the online Play area in Reading Eggs? Simply click on the alphabet chart and your child can learn using the interactive activities.
Pick out some simple 'decodable' phonics-based books and listen to your child read. Make sure to check that he or she is sounding out letters and words correctly, rather than guessing at them. Remember to be patient and praise effort. It's important not to push your child too much and provide a lot of positive reinforcement; overemphasising mistakes can be extremely discouraging for young learners. The most important goal at this stage is to help them see reading as a positive experience.
Now is a great time to take your child to visit the local library and let them enjoy the process of picking out their own books. Try to avoid interfering too much in the selection process – the main goal is to give them a sense of ownership and enjoyment over what they read. Talk about the books they choose, ask them to point out the title, and see if they can recognise words in the blurb. Let them become familiar with the components of a book.
Developing phonological awareness – the awareness of the sound structure of words – will be hugely beneficial when your four- or five-year-old starts school. If you haven't started building your child's phonics skills and phonemic awareness, you can start now by doing fun activities like exploring rhyming words and clapping syllables. Read more tips that can help your child build phonological awareness.
Even if your child isn't ready to read independently, allow them time to sit with books, explore the illustrations, practise holding books the right way up, and flipping the pages from left to right. A good idea is to read alongside your child during 'quiet reading time', whether it's a novel, a magazine or the news. It's never too early to show them that reading is an enjoyable and leisurely activity – you are your child's best role model!
Learning to identify and read sight words is essential for young children to become fluent readers. Most children will be able to learn a few sight words at the age of four (e.g. is, it, my, me, no, see, and we) and around 20 sight words by the end of their first year of school. Knowing the first 100 high frequency sight words will give your child around half of the words they need for reading. These can be reinforced by making flashcards and using online reading programmes like Reading Eggs.
Read our guide to helping your child learn to read (ages 3–4) here.
Reading Eggs is the fun and interactive online reading programme that covers phonics, letter recognition, sight words and more for kids aged 3–7. Try it for free by creating a free account in just a few minutes.


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The following is a paper submitted to DefenseReview.com (DR) by ANSYS, Inc.'s marketing department. DefenseReview.com (DR) is therefore publishing it under corporate press release status. The reason we're publishing it is because we believe it covers important topics like military materiel manufacturing and procurement, and is interesting to us, even though it falls a bit outside DR's normal content, which is Mil/LE/civilian tactical technology.
By Robert Harwood, Ph.D.
Aerospace and Defense Industry Marketing Director
ANSYS, Inc.
As we enter a period of declining military procurement and uncertain budgets in the West, the stakes for military programs and associated defense contractors have rarely been higher. With large quantities of battle-hardened equipment returning from theater and aging equipment in need of refurbishment or replacement, suppliers that can meet the military's need for payload, performance and protection balanced against cost and time targets stand to gain substantially—not just from immediate contract awards, but from billions of dollars of follow-on work. Those programs, program managers and contractors that fail against the key performance indicators of time, budget and quality face a very uncertain future.
Smart Engineering Adds Quantifiable Value
Winston Churchill is often quoted as stating, "Gentlemen, we have run out of money. Now we must think." A recent reference was by retired U.S. Air Force Lieutenant General Lawrence Farrell in a discussion of the national debt's effect on defense budgets [1]. This sentiment rings especially appropriate in the face of today's cross-domain recapitalization and refurbishment programs. For example, the Army has a fleet of 160,000 Humvees requiring modernization. The plan is to upgrade a portion of the fleet to high-performance, blast-survivable vehicles and replace the rest with brand new trucks.
This initiative is drawing a great deal of attention, as the winner of the refurbishment contract could gain billions in additional work down the road, not just from the Army but the Marines as well. But the question is whether the existing fleet can be modernized for less than the cost of new trucks.
Colonel David Bassett, Army program manager for tactical vehicles, believes that the answer to this challenge lies in engineering. "Industry has learned that there is no silver bullet. It's about smart engineering. We think the companies that understand that are going to be postured to compete effectively [2]."
Smart engineering would, presumably, allow projects to be completed in shorter timeframes on smaller budgets, without compromising the desired quality and performance of the end product. But what contributes to smarter engineering? What techniques and characteristics differentiate smart engineering from engineering approaches that fail to achieve time, cost and quality goals?
Research by the Aberdeen Group measured the performance of more than 620 engineering companies against key performance indicators, such as time, cost and quality, to identify what strategies distinguished best-in-class firms from the rest. The differences in performance were clear [3].
Assessing the most highly differentiated strategies between the best-in-class firms and laggards, Aberdeen Group found that the systematic use of physics-based engineering simulation tools early in the engineering process was a standout factor.
Specifically, Aberdeen concluded that best-in-class companies:
• Meet quality targets 91 percent of the time, compared with a 79 percent industry average
• Meet cost targets 86 percent of the time, compared with a 76 percent industry average
• Launch on time 86 percent of the time, compared with a 69 percent industry average
This assertion has also been proven beyond doubt in a three-year study performed by the U.S. Department of Defense [4]. The study found that "for every dollar invested (in software and computing infrastructure to support simulation), the return on investment is between $6.78 and $12.92."
The Many Roles of Physics-Based Simulation Tools
Physics-based simulation tools harness the power of computers to solve the fundamental equations of physics. Designers and analysts can use the software to create and test virtual representations of components, subcomponents and complete systems (or very close approximations, at least) so they can determine the performance envelope without actually building anything. Design risk can be better quantified as a design moves from stage to stage, and off-design points can be examined to ensure that the end design is robust and meets requirements. What's more, performance can be assessed at nonstandard design points, so performance against future threats can be determined in advance.
Physics-based simulation can be deployed in a wide variety of areas to make engineering and design processes more efficient and effective. The case studies that follow highlight just a few of the ways that technology can be valuable to critical military re-engineering programs.
Case Study: Developing a Safer, Lighter Ejector Seat in 14 Months
The military's advanced concept ejection seat, ACES II, is one of the most successful aircrew escape systems in U.S. Air Force history, credited with saving more than 450 lives since its introduction in 1976. Goodrich Aircraft Interiors and Concurrent Technologies Corporation faced the daunting task of re-engineering this proven design in the next-generation ACES 5 seat for integration into the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF). The new seat was to be optimized to:
• Enhance aircrew safety
• Reduce maintenance downtime
• Reduce weight
• Integrate with the F-35 cockpit
However, the biggest challenge was developing and delivering an entirely new seat structure in less than 14 months.
The design and analysis was split into three phases. First came conceptual design development, in which engineers designed the seat structure to meet functional requirements, while physics-based simulation verified that the structure was sound and weight was optimized by considering each component individually. During the second phase, a physics-based simulation of the entire seat system was created. A single linear static structural analysis of the seat could be solved in less than 30 minutes. This rapid turnaround time allowed the engineering team to quickly evaluate various what-if design scenarios. They conducted more-detailed submodeling on critical areas to ensure that the structure would not fail in extreme conditions.
After 10 months of development, the third and final phase began. Five prototype seats were built for testing, with the first ejection test of the ACES 5 F-35 JSF seat occurring just 14 months after project initiation. The seat performed flawlessly the first time. According to Park Cover, Jr., Concurrent Technologies' senior mechanical engineer, "This extraordinary outcome was the result of a great deal of teamwork between Goodrich and Concurrent Technologies and would have been unattainable without using physics-based engineering simulation software [5]."
Case Study: Tracking Part Wear to Reduce Service Costs
Component fatigue assessment is often based on a standard load duty profile. In reality, the exposure of a component or system varies widely depending on the mission. The duty profile method of calculating fatigue frequently results in parts being serviced and replaced sooner than necessary, and maintenance performed more often than required. This adds cost and unnecessary equipment downtime. To develop a more effective, condition-based maintenance scheme for jet engine parts, one jet manufacturer coupled physics-based simulation tools with historical part performance data, in-service equipment monitoring and in-house codes.
The result is a system that accurately tracks and predicts component life consumption in fighter jets. At the end of each mission, load data from an aircraft is sent to a server that automatically matches this data with the individual engine parts. The system uses structural and thermal calculations within physics-based simulation software from ANSYS to determine the life consumption of engine parts. ANSYS structural mechanics technology has been found to deliver very accurate results in revealing stresses and temperatures for each mission. The system has allowed jet owners to avoid unneeded expenses and replace parts that have exceeded what the standard duty cycle would advise, ultimately enhancing reducing costs and improving safety [6].
Case Study: Gauging Stress and Vehicle Durability in Minutes
Designing rugged utility vehicles requires engineers to balance durability against time and cost. E-Z-GO, a U.S.-based Textron company, develops durable, high-performance vehicles for a variety of off-road uses, from golf carts to personnel carriers.
E-Z-GO engineers had just one week to redesign a utility vehicle frame to eliminate a bend that was causing manufacturing difficulties. The team relied on ANSYS Mechanical™ for its powerful and flexible design optimization capabilities, using the software to optimize loads and achieve the desired stress level in the redesigned frame. A number of load cases from physical tests were used, including static rolling, braking over bumper, wheeling in a pothole and cornering. Senior Project Engineer Jing Heng Wen was pleased to see that "the finite element analysis model behaved just like the real vehicle in terms of stress and strain on the frame, yet the analysis took only 30 minutes to run."
Based on the results of the finite element analysis, fatigue life estimation and durability testing, the new utility vehicle frame design was released for production. The new design demonstrated reliability and durability that were at least equal to the previous design, but the manufacturing problem was solved. This approach substantially reduced engineering costs and helped E-Z-GO get the new design into production faster [7].
Case Study: Solving Rapid Antenna Placement with High-Performance Computing
As electronics systems improve and communications and antenna demands increase, retrofitting new systems onto existing equipment can pose significant challenges. Engineering questions such antenna cositing need to be addressed. Traditionally, using physics-based tools to identify solutions in large, electrically complex structures such as ground, air and marine vehicles has been a time and memory challenge.
New techniques, such as multiprocessing and domain decomposition, are resulting in significant improvements in solution time — as much as a speedup factor of 10. In one example, simulations using a 350 MHz antenna mounted on an F-35 Joint Strike Fighter could be completed in a fraction of the time it would take before. What might have been a very difficult problem yesterday is now quite possible [8].
Case Study: Maximizing Load Cycles while Minimizing Brake Pedal Weight
Pratt & Miller Engineering is globally recognized as a force in motorsports and high-level engineering. When the team discovered premature cracking on its brake pedal faces in a particular design configuration, they took notice. Investigations revealed that this was caused by mechanics repositioning the brake pedal face in response to driver preference. Fortunately, engineers discovered the problem before any accidents occurred.
Because the original pedal design had not accounted for any aftermarket modification, Pratt & Miller engineers set out to redesign this critical component. The goal was to greatly increase fatigue life without compromising performance. Simply overengineering the part was not an option, as weight is a vital consideration in the auto racing world.
To speed the redesign, the Pratt & Miller team employed structural mechanics simulation using ANSYS Mechanical software as well as fatigue analysis. The team evaluated a variety of options within the ANSYS Workbench™ environment, which allows users to set up structural mechanics models as much as three times faster than other FEA software. ANSYS DesignXplorer™ software performed automated design iterations to determine the lightest-possible design without exceeding material limits.
The engineering team checked the redesign and found that it greatly improved fatigue life — well over 1 million minimum load cycles. The original design predicted a life of 16,567 cycles, while the redesigned pedal has a predicted life of more than 10 million cycles.
The new design is now in production and on the track. By using physics-based engineering simulation tools, the engineering team increased confidence in getting the redesign right first time — in effect, outpacing the competition by designing a lightweight part with a lower target fatigue life factor [9].
Engineering Provides the Critical Edge
There's no question that budgets and development cycles will continue to be squeezed. The time and costs associated with physical testing of individual components and complete systems is a luxury military clients can no longer afford — particularly when it comes to retrofitting and upgrading existing assets to address ever-changing threats and environments.
Fortunately, using physics-based simulation to measure performance, calculate preferred options, determine appropriate materials, and troubleshoot problems virtually has proven itself to be a reliable, efficient alternative. Engineers can now balance competing needs — aerodynamics and stealth, weight and mobility, comfort and protection, and more — by reviewing a range of scenarios in minutes, making it fast and easy to identify and move forward with the optimal solution.
[1] Farrell, L.P. National Defense. November 2011.[2] Erwin, S.I. Army Truck Buyers Face Fix or Purchase Dilemma. National Defense, November 2011.
[3] Engineering Executive's Strategic Agenda: Report from Aberdeen Group, June 2008.
[4] Weatherington, D. Future of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in a Fiscally Constrained Environment (11-S-1327): Report for U.S. Department of Defense.
[5] Conover, P.O. Up, Up and Away. ANSYS Advantage, 2009, Volume 3 Issue 2.
[6] Andersson, M. Tracking Jet Engines. ANSYS Advantage, 2011, Volume 5, Issue 3.
[7] Neely, M.; Heng Wen, J. Driving for Durability. ANSYS Advantage, 2010, Volume 4 Issue 1.
[8] Silvestro, J. HPC Options for HFSS. ANSYS Advantage, 2010, Volume 4 Issue 2.
[9] Latham, G. Getting Out All the Breaks. ANSYS Advantage, 2011, Volume 5 Issue 1.
Visit www.ansys.com/ for more information or contact:
ANSYS, Inc.
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Phone: 724.746.3304
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About the Author
Robert Harwood, Ph. D., is the aerospace and defense industry marketing director at ANSYS., Inc., which develops engineering simulation software and technologies widely used by engineers, designers, researchers and students across a broad spectrum of industries and academia.
ANSYS, Inc. is one of the world's leading engineering simulation software providers. Its technology has enabled customers to predict with accuracy that their product designs will thrive in the real world. The company offers a common platform of fully integrated multiphysics software tools designed to optimize product development processes for a wide range of industries, including aerospace, automotive, civil engineering, consumer products, chemical process, electronics, environmental, healthcare, marine, power, sports and others. Applied to design concept, final-stage testing, validation and trouble-shooting existing designs, software from ANSYS can significantly speed design and development times, reduce costs, and provide insight and understanding into product and process performance. Visit www.ansys.com for more information.
Side Bars
"Gentlemen, we have run out of money. Now we must think."
Attributed to Winston Churchill
"There is no silver bullet. It's about smart engineering."
Colonel David Bassett
Program Manager for Tactical Vehicles U.S. Army
"This extraordinary outcome would have been unattainable without using engineering
simulation software."
Park O. Cover, Jr.
Senior Mechanical Engineeer
Concurrent Technologies Corporation
"The finite element analysis model behaved just like the real vehicle in terms of stress and strain on the frame, yet the analysis took only 30 minutes to run."
Jing Heng Wen
Senior Project Engineer
Captions for Graphics and Image
Physics-based simulation, used early in the design process and deployed systematically in the organization, is a key defining factor of smart engineering.
The ACES 5 seat performed flawlessly the first time.
The ACES II ejection seat carries a pilot out of the aircraft.
U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Bennie J. Davis III.
Load data on fighter jet components is recorded after each mission. ANSYS structural mechanics technology has been found to deliver very accurate results in revealing stresses and temperatures for each mission.
E-Z-GO utility vehicles haul materials over rough terrain.
Geometry of the original frame (above); redesigned frame showing welds (below)
Mounting option for a 350 MHz antenna on an F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, along with the resulting radiation pattern
Brake pedal crack with simulation of equivalent stresses


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Associated Press
TOMS RIVER, N.J. (AP) - To the rest of the world, the "12-12-12" concert was an all-star fundraiser for those affected by Superstorm Sandy.
In a hard-hit New Jersey shore community, it was a break from a changed, stressful world.
Judy Kessler, who lives in Howell, says she wasn't hit hard by the late October storm though her home was damaged and her power was knocked out. Neighbors hooked her up to their generator and with her gas stove she cooked for everyone she could.
"I'm not hoping for anything other than a lot of feel-good feelings," she said as she walked into one of 28 movie theaters in storm-affected areas simulcasting the concert from New York's Madison Square Garden for free.
The crowd in the theater, a short drive from the Highway 9 that Bruce Springsteen mentions in "Born to Run," cheered when Springsteen joined Jon Bon Jovi on stage and sang along with Bon Jovi's "Livin' on a Prayer," and hooted when they were filmed watching the concert as part of the broadcast.
The people watching the show near some of the spots that sustained the most damage included some whose houses are uninhabitable and others who put up friends in the weeks following the storm.
Barbara Dattoli, who had the power was knocked out at her Brick Township home for a week, said one of the most moving things about the production was knowing that hundreds of millions of viewers were seeing footage of devastation in places near her. The other was seeing the native son rockers perform together. "The whole thing was just so incredible," said Datolli, who was wearing a "Restore the Shore" sweatshirt. "Especially Bruce Springsteen and Jon Bon Jovi."
Jerry Frasco, a mail carrier from Toms River, said he was in awe of a lineup that included many of his favorites from 40 years ago, including The Who, the Rolling Stones, Roger Waters and Springsteen.
"We didn't want to go through a hurricane to have it," he said.
Joe Montagna, a retiree from Brick, said his home was fine though he did put up friends of his son's who didn't fare well. He said music has a special healing power and he was impressed with musicians heeding the call.
"Musicians seem to be the ones everybody looks for when tragedies happen," he said.
Not everyone on the shore was excited about the show, though, including the mayor of Toms River, which has sections on a barrier island and the mainland that were decimated.
Mayor Thomas Kelaher said he hoped that low-profile devastated communities such as his would benefit financially. He said he fears most donations are heading to places known by tourists, including New York City and nearby Seaside Heights, where a roller coaster was dumped into the Atlantic Ocean by the storm.
He said in his community 542 people had to be rescued from a mainland area where evacuations weren't mandatory and public works crews and police used front-end loaders to pluck people from second-story windows.
"You go up and down the streets, it'll just break your heart," he said.
Organizers of the Sandy benefit say that 40 percent of the revenue will go to New Jersey and the rest will be sent to relief efforts in New York and Connecticut.
The powerful storm submerged parts of New York City and knocked out electricity for millions of people in several states. It destroyed or damaged 305,000 housing units in New York and is blamed for scores of deaths in the United States, most of them in New York and New Jersey.
(Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)