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Hazard Based Guidelines: Personal Protective Equipment for Workers in Hurricane Flood Response
The purpose of this National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) fact sheet is to provide general guidance for personal protective equipment (PPE) for workers responding in hurricane flood zones. This guidance will be updated as additional information is available. PPE selection and use is site and task specific. General guidelines must be adapted to specific conditions. This guidance represents professional judgment based on experience from responses to past storms and floods. Additional interim recommendations will be added for clean-up and restoration operations.
These recommendations focus on the following hazards associated with response activities:
- Hazard 1 Sharp jagged debris
- Hazard 2 Floodwater exposure
- Hazard 3 Electrical hazards
- Hazard 4 Contact with blood/body fluids and handling animal and human remains
- Hazard 5 Slick and unstable surfaces
Note: This guidance is not a comprehensive list of hazards and does not include important hazards such as stress or fatigue that are not addressed via PPE.
Disaster sites pose many occupational health and safety concerns. These hazards and exposures are a function of the unstable nature of the site, the potential for worker exposure to unknown hazardous substances and the type of work performed. An accurate assessment of all hazards may not be possible because they may not be immediately obvious or identifiable. Where possible, NIOSH has made default recommendations for PPE that we believe will meet the probable hazards.
For most work in flooded areas, or areas that have been subjected to flooding, response personnel will need the following personal protective equipment: hard hats, goggles or safety glasses, heavy work gloves, watertight boots with steel toe and insole (not just steel shank), and hearing protection where excessive noise from equipment poses a risk of hearing damage. PPE should be provided in a range of sizes to ensure proper fit.
For additional information on what equipment you need for protection against exposure to specific hazards, contact your local OSHA office or consult the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
Workers involved with hurricane or flood response should be aware of the potential dangers involved and the proper safety precautions.
- CDC has developed general guidance for what workers should bring with them to the flood area.
- OSHA has worker safety guidance at the following link.
- NIOSH Publication No. 94-123 identifies several hazards associated with the aftermath of a flood. Because the level of experience will vary among workers, response workers must work together and look out for one another to ensure safety.
Any wounds, cuts, or animal bites should be immediately cleansed with soap and clean water. Familiarity with basic first aid is advised to self-treat any injury until medical attention can be obtained. Additional information resources include:
- Interim Immunization Recommendations for Emergency Responders
- Emergency Wound Care After a Natural Disaster
In addition, response workers are at serious risk for developing heat stress. Excessive exposure to hot environments can cause a variety of heat-related problems, including heat stroke, heat exhaustion, heat cramps, and fainting. The need to use PPE can exacerbate heat exposures. Response workers should be familiar with heat stress symptoms.
- OSHA has a pocket card on heat stress available
- See heat stress topic page for additional NIOSH information.
NIOSH requests your assistance in disseminating this interim document to all workers involved in flood response.
Workers handling hurricane related debris may suffer wounds. Tetanus is a potential health threat for persons who sustain wound injuries. Also, any wound has the potential for becoming infected, and floodwater exposures may add to this concern.
General PPE Recommendations:
Use heavy gloves to protect the hands when handling debris to minimize the chances of cuts and scrapes. Gloves designed to protect the skin from chemical exposure are not typically strong enough to protect from debris. Multiple layers of gloves (double gloving) may be necessary. Comfortable, form fitting clothing that includes long pants, long sleeve shirts, boots, eye protection (safety glasses, goggles, or faceshields), and protective head covers are also appropriate.
Floodwaters may contain bacteria from human and animal wastes. The most likely symptoms from an infection are stomach-ache, fever, vomiting and diarrhea. While skin contact with flood water does not, by itself, pose a serious health risk, emergency response personnel and the public should avoid direct contact with standing water when possible to minimize the chance for infection. Chemical contamination of floodwaters can also occur and contamination levels may be higher nearer to sources such as industrial locations.
Work in and around moving or standing water in flooded areas presents a risk of drowning. Standing or working in water which is cooler than 75 degrees F (24 degrees C) will remove body heat more rapidly than it can be replaced, resulting in hypothermia.
General PPE Recommendations:
Double gloving with a waterproof glove under a heavy work glove is the best way to protect the hands from both cuts and scrapes and floodwater exposure. Boots and rain gear can be used to prevent lower body skin exposures.
It is important to minimize contaminating the inside of the gloves. Gloves not disposed of should be cleaned with soap and water and dried between uses.
Floodwaters are associated with strong odors, but experience in past floods and disease outbreak tracking do not suggest the need for a general recommendation for default respirator use by all personnel. As with all emergency operations, site specific information should be used to tailor recommendations to the hazards and exposures at hand. For example, use of N95 respirators might be advisable adjacent to aerated floodwater where mists are created- such as potential tasks associated with repair of pumping facilities or discharge pipes. CDC will provide additional updates as more information becomes available for specific tasks and locations.
Avoid working alone and wear a Coast Guard-approved life jacket or buoyant work vest when entering flood waters or working over or near flood waters.
Refer to OSHA guidance
For additional information on what equipment you need for protection against chemical exposures, contact your local OSHA office or consult the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
Additional Information:
Wearing wet gloves or PPE can cause dermal irritation. Long exposures to wet conditions can compromise the function of the skin barrier. Repeated use of impermeable gloves, especially in hot and humid conditions, can aggravate skin rashes. Cotton liners are sometimes used under protective gloves to improve comfort and to prevent dermatitis. Latex gloves should be avoided because of the risk of developing skin sensitivity or allergy.
Open wounds and skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis may increase your risk of infection. Contamination of wounds with water (fresh or sea water) can lead to infections caused by waterborne organisms.
See: emergency wound
If skin contact with floodwaters does occur, CDC strongly advises the use of soap and water to clean exposed areas. Waterless alcohol-based hand rubs can be used when soap or clean water is not available. Hands should be washed after removal of gloves.
There is a wide range of damage, work scenarios, and tasks associated with hurricane response, and exposure assessments are not yet available. Local information should be used to tailor recommendations to the hazards and exposures at hand.
Firefighters and others involved with responding to fires should use appropriate respiratory protection. Post fire clean-up operations occurring at industrial or chemical facilities may warrant use of protective equipment.
As conditions dry out, there is some likelihood that demolition operations may generate dust exposures for construction and restoration workers. It is likely that other special tasks (e.g. welding and cutting) may generate airborne hazards and that respiratory protection will be needed. CDC will provide additional updates as more information becomes available.
Electrical, overhead power lines, power junctions, and downed electrical wires and cables can cause electrocution and burns. Fallen lines can also energize other objects such as fences, ladders, or metal building parts. Use of improperly sized or operated portable generators during electrical outages can also cause "backfeed" injuries to workers performing repair work in neighboring buildings. Only trained electricians and utility workers should approach or handle electrical lines. All other response workers should avoid going near all downed lines and should treat them as if energized.
General PPE Recommendations:
Electricians and utility workers need to use special electrically resistant PPE including head covers, gloves, boots, and appropriate eye protection.
Additional information:
Special electrical PPE is only one aspect of electrical safety practice. Special training and practices to test, de-energize, isolate, and/or lockout hazardous energy sources are important. See the NIOSH electrical safety page
OSHA has electrical safety factsheets at:
Working Safely Around Downed Electrical Wires
Working Safely with Electricity
CDC has a factsheet on "backfeed" and power outage safety
There is no direct risk of contagion or infectious disease from being near human remains for people who are not directly involved in recovery or other efforts that require handling dead bodies. However, workers who must have direct contact with human remains can have exposure to blood borne pathogens. Blood, bloody fluids, body fluids, and tissues are potential sources of blood-borne infections from pathogens including Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV. Exposures to medical providers and responders may occur via a cut or puncture wound; through mucous membranes (eye, nose, mouth); and through non-intact skin (dermatitis/rashes, injuries, abrasions).
General PPE Recommendations:
Workers who will have direct contact with the victims, or surfaces contaminated with blood or body fluids should use universal precautions. These require use of protective barriers such as gloves, face-shields, or protective eyewear.
The CDC has developed interim health recommendations for workers who handle human remains.
Workers who have direct contact with the victims, bodies, or surfaces contaminated with blood or body fluids should use universal precautions identified in the interim CDC recommendations
CDC recommends surgical masks for handling human remains.
Organic vapor respirators can be used for nuisance odor control where needed. One option that provides odor control and universal precaution splash and eye protection is to use a full facepiece respirator with N95 and organic vapor cartridges.
Additional information:
See the NIOSH bloodborne pathogens
CDC recommends N95 particulate respirators for handling swine and poultry animal carcasses
Traumatic injuries, including serious fall injuries, from slips, trips and falls, or collapsing materials.
General PPE Recommendations:
Ensure that workers have a full array of PPE, including safety shoes with slip resistant soles, cut resistant gloves, eye protection, and hard hats.
Ensure that workers use full protective equipment and lifelines tied off to suitable anchor points, including bucket trucks, whenever possible.
Additional information:
NIOSH Hazard Based Guidelines: Protective Equipment for Workers in Hurricane Flood Response


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The pain flashed in the redness of Marc Gasol's eyes. The hurt was evident in the pauses and head shaking of Zach Randolph.
The Memphis Grizzlies season came to a disappointing end Sunday, May 13, when they lost to the Los Angeles Clippers, 82-72, in Game 7 of their first-round playoff series.
Photo: AP Photo/Mark Humphrey
And the reality was clear in the few words on the dry erase board in the Grizzlies' locker room: "Exit Physicals 1 p.m."
A playoff series and a season were over. Eventually, this will be remembered as a season in which the Grizzlies overcame instead of for the postseason in which they were overcome. But for now, fresh off an 82-72 loss on Sunday, May 13, to the Los Angeles Clippers in the first playoff Game 7 held at FedExForum, all the "Believe Memphis" T-shirts in the world can't cover the fact the Grizzlies let an opportunity slip away.
They had worked hard to earn a No. 4 seed and gain home-court advantage in the first round. They had survived multiple injuries, the most serious being the knee injury that caused Randolph to miss more than half of the lockout-shortened season. In this series they had fought, rallying from a 3-1 deficit so they could play Game 7 on their home floor – after blowing a 24-point fourth-quarter lead here in Game 1.
The Grizzlies showed time and again they could rebound from failure. But ultimately they did not do as well with success as they followed their gut-it-out victory in Los Angeles in Game 6 with a horrific performance in Game 7.
Gasol and Rudy Gay each scored 19 points and Randolph pulled down 12 rebounds, but these were footnotes in a game which saw the Grizzlies score only six fast break points, miss all 13 shots taken from 3-point range, miss another nine free throws, and again fail to compete with poise and passion in the fourth quarter.
Asked which loss would be harder to get past in the offseason – Game 1 or Game 7 – Randolph stopped and tried to weigh the series' bookend disasters. Finally, he said, "Man, that's a good question. Game 1 killed us. I don't know if it did something to our confidence or our mentality or what. We've just got to learn how to play 48 minutes."
Said Gay: "This series would have been totally different if we would have won that (first) game."
It's a sentiment that gains traction with fans but, at least publicly, not with coach Lionel Hollins. Locked into a coach's quarter-by-quarter mentality, Hollins faulted the Grizzlies for the way they started Game 7 as they scored just 13 points in the first quarter and shot 27 percent (the Clippers were about as bad, shooting 28 percent and scoring 16 points).
"Even if we win Game 1, we may have been back here playing (Game 7)," Hollins said. "We just came out with seventh game pressure and jitters. You just gotta let it rip and we didn't let it rip."
–Lionel HollinsCoach, Memphis Grizzlies
Although the Grizzlies carried a 56-55 lead into the fourth quarter, the game sitting there for the taking, they promptly gave up an 11-2 run to start the quarter and never drew closer than six points again. They were down six with 1:37 left in the game when O.J. Mayo picked Chris Paul's pocket in the backcourt. But Mayo then missed near the rim.
"We make that layup and we're down four and we have a chance," Hollins said.
It was all part of a bad, potentially last, Memphis game for restricted free agent Mayo (1-for-11 and four points). Point guard Mike Conley, who did not feel well before Game 7, also played poorly. Though he had a strong series, he turned in a weak Game 7 and hit just 2-of-13 shots and scored seven points.
"You're only as good as your last game, which pretty much sucked," Mayo said in an honest self-evaluation.
Clippers point guard Chris Paul, though somewhat limited by a hip flexor injury, just missed a double-double: 19 points and nine rebounds. But it was the Clippers' bench that brought the victory home, outscoring the Grizzlies' bench 41-11 and scoring of 25 of the team's 27 fourth-quarter points. Kenyon Martin finished with 11 points and 10 rebounds. All of that more than covered an off game from Blake Griffin, who was bothered by a sore knee.
Said Martin: "I'm not afraid of the moment."
If the Grizzlies were not afraid, they were still not willing to match the intensity and focus coming from the other side – at least not collectively and consistently.
"I don't think they wanted it more than us; we wanted it real bad," Gasol said. "Everybody left it all out there."
Hollins acknowledged the pain of the moment, saying, "The guys are hurting, I'm hurting, but hopefully the sun will come up tomorrow. This is a very satisfying year with a bitter end." And then he added a truth that will require more time to be of any consolation: "Every team but one will have a bitter end."

subset: commoncrawl


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Physcial Sciences Division
Research Highlights
October 2013
Invited Review on Adding Biological Functionality to Electrodes Covers Decades of Research
International team examines advances in using nano-objects and nano-engineering
Five experts wrote a comprehensive review on nanomaterials for bio-functionalized electrodes. Artwork from this article is featured on the cover. Enlarge Image
Tomorrow's security and medical sensors and biofuel cells may rely on electrodes that incorporate the simplicity and effectiveness of proteins or other biological molecules. Creating the electrodes needed for these technologies demands rational design, building the material rather than discovering it through trial and error. A popular approach is to use nanomaterials, prized for their innovative features, such as large surface areas for an incredibly small volume, with biomolecules. In response to the quantity of scientific literature, five experts, including Dr. Yuehe Lin, wrote a comprehensive review of the literature for the Journal of Materials Chemistry B. The journal's editors selected their artwork to grace the cover.
Lin is a Laboratory Fellow at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Professor, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University. He co-wrote the 31-page article, which contained more than 450 references, with Alain Walcarius, CNRS (France) Research Director and Head of the Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Microbiology for the Environment; Shelley D. Minteer, USTAR Professor in the Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah; Joseph Wang, Distinguished Professor in the Department of Nanoengineering at the University of California, San Diego; and Arben Merkoçi, CREA Professor and Director of the Nanobioelectronics and Biosensors Group at Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, in Barcelona, Spain
Sponsors: National Science Foundation (JW & SDM), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (JW & AM), and U.S. Department of Energy (JW). YL acknowledges support by the CounterACT Program, National Institutes of Health Office of the Director, and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
Research Area: Materials Science
Invited Article's Authors: Alain Walcarius, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, France; Shelley D. Minteer, University of Utah; Joseph Wang, University of California, San Diego; Yuehe Lin, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Washington State University; Arben Merkoçi, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Spain
Reference: Walcarius A, SD Minteer, J Wang, Y Lin, and A Merkoçi. 2013. "Nanomaterials for Bio-functionalized Electrodes: Recent Trends." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 1, 4878.


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He is at his very best (in my view) in "The Scandal of Prediction" (Ch. 10 of Swan). In the social sciences, prediction is a fool's errand -- and ubiquitous. Even in the natural sciences, great humility is a good idea.
Dare I say climate change doomsday? There are many juicy targets and last weekend delivered many more. Jonah Goldberg tells it best in "Live Earth: Dead on arrival" (LA Times, July 10, 2007).
'IF YOU WANT to save the planet, I want you to start jumping
up and down. Come on, mother-[bleepers]!" Madonna railed from the stage at
London's Live Earth concert Saturday. "If you want to save the planet, let me
see you jump!"
You just can't beat that. What else could capture the canned
juvenilia of a 48-year-old centimillionaire — who owns nine homes and has a
"carbon footprint" nearly 100 times larger than the norm — hectoring a bunch of
well-off, aging hipsters to show their Earth-love by jumping up and down like
children? I suppose she could have said, "Now put your right foot in / Take your
right foot out / Right foot in / Then you shake it all about…. That's what
climate change is all about."
Actually, I think the "Hokey Pokey" makes more sense.
But, hey, I don't want to bash Live Earth, which is not to be
confused with Live Aid (1985, dedicated to eradicating African famine) or Live 8
(2005, promising to relieve African nations' debts). So with the African
continent so well-fed — and debt free! — who can blame the Celebrity Concern
Industry for moving on to its next big success?
The avowed point of Live Earth was to … can you guess? That's
right: raise awareness about global warming. Considering the energy required to
put on the show, the nine Live Earth concerts doubtlessly raised more CO2 than
awareness. NBC's three-hour televised version got trounced by "Cops" and
"America's Funniest Home Videos." Moreover, surely most of the people who
attended or tuned in already knew about global warming before they saw the video
tutorial about Ed Begley Jr.'s eco-friendly home and sanctimony-powered go-cart.
Still, if some rock fans had somehow missed the global warming
story entirely, imagine how befuddled they must have felt while listening to
Dave Matthews sing the glories of cloth diapers. And, assuming they didn't hit
the mute button when Czech supermodel Petra Nemcova came to the stage, one
wonders what any climate-change ingenues might have made of her confession. The
model, who nearly was killed in Thailand by the 2004 tsunami, explained that she
"didn't feel hate toward nature" because of the tsunami. "I felt nature was
screaming for help."
It's nice that Nemcova didn't want to blame the messenger, but
it's hard to feel a similar reluctance about Live Earth's impresario in chief.
Former Vice President Al Gore recently penned a book in which he rails against
the current "assault on reason" by the evil forces of Earth-hating
right-wingery. He repeatedly invokes science as if it's his exclusive property.
But the soft paganism on display in Nemcova's faith-based assertion that a
sub-oceanic earthquake was the result of Mother Nature sending us a message is
typical of greenhouse gasbaggery.
Gore talks about the dysfunction of political discourse today.
But when it comes to global warming, he and his acolytes insist that the time
for debate is over. In other words, Gore's ideal discourse would involve only
discussion about how best to follow through on his prescriptions.
But such high-minded objections sail over the chief source of
Live Earth's lameness. The acts were mostly fine. But the outrage and passion
felt so prepackaged you half-expected Ludacris (who rapped about the evils of
SUVs) to say "this moral outrage is brought to you by GE's 'Ecomagination.' "
Indeed, one could say that Live Earth is proof that global warming has jumped
the shark, except for the fact that the phrase "jumped the shark" has jumped the
Madonna, Genesis, UB40, the Police, Cat Stevens (now Yusuf
Islam), Crowded House, Duran Duran — these were among the headliners for this
supposedly cutting-edge extravaganza. I listened to these acts in high school
more than 20 years ago — and some of them were already going gray by then. Phil
Collins and Sting are 56. Cat Stevens is just shy of 60. The Rolling Stones
didn't play Live Earth, but I wouldn't be surprised if that was because Mick
Jagger needed a hip replacement.
Like the Rolling Stones, who define "graceful retirement" as
drags on the oxygen tank between sets, these acts hawk youthful-activism
nostalgia for the fans rich enough to pay for it.
Some argue that environmentalism has become a secular
religion. Buying carbon offsets, they say, is the modern equivalent of
purchasing indulgences for your sins from the Catholic Church. Live Earth
certainly fit into that vision. The concerts seemed like Baptist hoedowns of
yore, except now Gore is the Billy Sunday for the baby boomer
Maybe that's in the works too. But more likely, these were
simply concerts by and for people who need to salt their sanctimony with
platitudes about raising awareness. The music industry always has played fans
for saps. In 1968, Columbia Records peddled the slogan "The Man Can't Bust Our
Music!" Now global warming is a brilliant way to market aging rockers too rich
and famous to pass as rebels against anything save their refusal to retire with
some dignity.


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The 30 Greatest Movie Speeches Ever
20 Years Later, Does Braveheart Still Have The Greatest Movie Speech Of All Time?
There comes a time in the life of every young man and woman in America where the wise words of fictional characters outweighs the actual advice given to them by their parents. What is it about movies that allows the words of a guy like Mel Gibson to inspire you more than the people who literally gave you life?
Whether or not you can answer that question, there's no doubt it's true. It's now exactly 20 years this week since Braveheart was released, and the bit that probably sticks in your mind the most is still William Wallace riding on a horse, yelling at his fellow Scots about freedom. To celebrate Braveheart's most defining moment, and what many people consider the most memorable film speech ever, we're counting down the greatest movie speeches of all time — no points for guessing what #1 is.
For years, grandiose film speeches made by high-ranking actors have made their way from the silver screen to a special place in one's heart to inspire people in some very real ways. In and out of context, these speeches have reached a legacy status that have cemented them as speeches that will be remember for years to come. Ranked, from kinda-greatest to greatest-greatest, let these 30 inspirational film speeches raise your fist in the air and cheer.
Achilles/Brad Pitt in 'Troy'
Honorable mention: It takes some serious acting—serious, serious acting to produce an inspirational quote from Troy. It...just wasn't a good movie and Brad Pitt as Achilles felt a bit forced, no? As if we were just watching Brad Pitt from from Ocean's 11 with a blonde wig. However, he's famous for a reason and can weasel his way into making any role work, so don't blame yourself for having a visceral reaction when you hear him yell "Take it! It's yours!"
Russell Franklin/Samuel L. Jackson in 'Deep Blue Sea'
Oh, Samuel L. Jackson—so often your pleas for peace among the animal world goes awry. Before there was even one snake on a plane, there was Deep Blue Sea. This ends up as more of a warning (and somewhat of a foreshadowing) to the dangers of the sea—and all that swim in it, but the look on the faces of everyone as Jackson emerges from the shadows to give his two cents in priceless. Of course, no Sam Jackson rant or speech or question or comment is complete without a slow build to a scream riddled with "mothaf*ckin'" The very last shot—and perhaps the finest shot in motion picture history is (spoiler alert) Jackson getting ripped the hell apart by...not one...BUT TWO SHARKS. Still, stunning speech.
Rocky Balboa/Sylvester Stallone in 'Rocky Balboa'
Okay, who are we to judge the work of the fantastic Sylvester Stallone, let alone comment on the way he talks. However—it is very damn hard to make out even one word of this speech to his son. So, while this speech is akin to a car trying to start in the dead of winter, it—at least—makes some impact on both the viewers and the character. "It ain't about how hard you hit, it's how about how hard you can get hit and keep movin' forward...that's how winning is done." This isn't the best Rocky film out there—it's not even the second or third best, but this speech is dripping with inspiration. While you have to tune out, like 99% of the rest of the movie, this speech gives the viewers a much-needed reminder of the awesomeness of Rocky as a character and a movie. Sylvester is still killin' it, even though he's teetering the line between old and deceased.
Frank T.J. Mackey/Tom Cruise in 'Magnolia'
Paul Thomas Anderson's Magnolia is definitely one of his weirder (if not, weirdest) pieces of work and Tom Cruise is the vehicle for that weirdness, case in point being that memorable line: "Respect the c*ck and tame the c*nt." That's some pretty unforgettable advice.
Gary Gaines/Billy Bob Thornton in 'Friday Night Lights'
Before Kyle Chandler killed it as Coach Taylor on the Friday Night Lights series, you had Billy Bob Thornton as Coach Gary Gaines who—like all good coaches in a sports movie—turns football into a giant metaphor about life. "Being perfect is not about that scoreboard out there. It's not about winning. It's about you and your relationship with yourself, your family and your friends. Being perfect is about being able to look your friends in the eye and know that you didn't let them down because you told them the truth. And that truth is you did everything you could." If that doesn't inspire a team, what will?
Steve Buscemi/Mr.Pink in 'Reservoir Dogs'
Does this count as an inspirational speech or a way to cop out shelling out the shekels for a job you think you could do yourself? Either way. while we don't advocate not tipping, we're all about sticking to your guns. Steve Buscemi as Mr. Pink never wavers—even for a second—to get his point across. So, while the wrong people may have been inspired, it still counts as a hell of a speech. Never waver from what you believe in, even if it makes you into a huge d*ck.
Tyler Durden/Brad Pitt in 'Fight Club'
Inspiration has never felt so devious. Tyler Durden unintentionally spoke to an audience full of misfits totally intent on staying misfits. Perhaps that was the point of the speech and, furthermore, the point of the movie: a hardcore decree to keep people from blending in and becoming part of the general masses. From the mouth of Tyler Durden, this point hits home in the second half of the movie when you find out what Durden—by way of Edward Norton—is truly capable of. Spoiler alert: it's more than peeing into rich people's soup.
Maximus/Russell Crowe in 'Gladiator'
"If we stay together, we survive." While this speech keeps it short and sweet, the idea of behind it—gladiators fighting together—rather than against one another is insane in the eyes of everyone Russell Crowe speaks to. At this point, Crowe as Maximus has proven himself (he's already given at least one other rousing speech in the film, too) as the crowd favorite as well as the man who simply cannot be beaten. In one of the final battles, they indeed work together to fight off the opposing forces. The victory and ensuing cheers at the end really gets to you as you realize the other gladiators respect Maximus—something that he's used to his advantage.
Cyrus/Roger Hill in 'The Warriors'
"CAN YOU DIG IT?!" These iconic words—among the plethora of others produced from The Warriors—comes from the soon-to-be-slayed leader of the gangs of New York (but not that Gangs of New York), Cyrus, before he's mercilessly gunned down, invoking the gang war to end all gang wars. This inspirational speech, while given in vain, addresses the tension of all the participating gangs and stresses the vital importance of a truce. Of course, while this riles the gangs up, Cyrus's ultimate demise proves that a truce isn't exactly feasible. However, it sets up one HELL of a plot as the Warriors—now framed for the murder—have to safely make their way from the Bronx to Coney Island.
Herman Boone/Denzel Washington in 'Remember The Titans'
High school football shouldn't be a big deal, especially a big enough of a deal to be able to draw comparisons to the Battle of Gettysburg when it comes to the big game. But, when you're in that graveyard and the music swells, and you hear Denzel tell his team to "take lessons from the dead," every ounce of your formerly-non-football loving heart makes the switch to a diehard Titan fan and you finally root for the team that you've been feeling iffy about the entire time. No one can deliver an inspirational speech like Denzel Washington—that guy could inspire a nation of angst-ridden teenagers. Remember The Titans is, of course, more than a movie about sports, it's about a coach who had to do everything he could to inspire a football team that was largely made up of racist little pricks—when he delivered that final speech, his words went farther than any pigskin could.
President Dale / Jack Nicholson in 'Mars Attacks!'
There's usually a stigma behind movie titles with exclamation points at the end, but I'll be damned if Mars Attacks! isn't one of the finest movies in the universe. See what I did there? Jack Nicholson's incredible "Can't we all just get along?" speech is just perfect. We've got Nicholson as the bruised, battered, and annoyed President James Dale who—after seeing a huge chunk of his staff mercilessly killed by Martians—makes one last plea to those gooey-headed-sons-of-bitches to calm the hell down and end the war between Earth and Mars. Not to give too much away... but Tim Burton cast Jack Nicholson in two roles and both of them are killed off. So, maybe this speech was a tad less inspirational than others in the sense that it ended with a Martian flag impaling him. He gave it a shot, though!
Fortune/Charles S. Dutton in 'Rudy'
Rudy is the underdog sports movie to trump all underdog sports movies. Starring pre-hobbit Sean Astin as the kid who just can't catch a damn break, you almost make it through the entire movie thinking this dude isn't going to play football. Then Charles S. Dutton as Fortune lays down the harshness and tells Rudy his life story—especially focusing on the really tough sh*t—to inspire Rudy to strive for greatness. "I rode the bench for two years," says the man, as it slowly dawns on Rudy that Fortune was a player who never got his chance at glory because of his skin color. Damn if that doesn't just tug at the heartstrings. It's this speech that inspires Rudy to return to the game and kick everyone's ass.
Francois Pienaar/Matt Damon in 'Invictus'
In this list, you aren't going to see a ton of sports movies where the inspirational speech doesn't happen in the locker room. However, Matt Damon proves in Invictus that a speech can be given on the field, minutes away from the final moments of the game. He looks at his teammates and tells him to listen to the cheering crowd: "Listen to your country!"
Gordon Gekko/Michael Douglas in 'Wall Street'
"Greed, for lack of a better word, is good" How awesome is it when an inspirational speech is delivered with such passion and fury for a totally unjust cause. Greed is greed, but Gordon Gekko makes it seem like it's the answer to every question a finance goon could ever have in Wall Street. You can see the influence leaking into Charlie Sheen's eyes as well as the souls of the surrounding parties, making it pretty obvious as to how Michael Douglas scored the Oscar for Best Actor.
Adenoid Hynkel/Charlie Chaplin in 'The Great Dictator'
The Great Dictator is actually a very important movie as a whole—it stars Charlie Chaplin in his most commercially successful role that actually had the balls to comment on Hitler, Fascism, and the Nazis in an atmosphere when people were too afraid to say anything. The inspirational speech truly speaks volumes and makes it clear of Chaplin's true feelings towards the threat of the Nazis. He speaks to the world and brainwashed Germans who believed in the words of Hitler at the time. "You are not machines, you are not cattle, you are men! You have the love of humanity in your hearts! You don't hate! Only the unloved hate; the unloved and the unnatural. Soldiers! Don't fight for slavery! Fight for liberty!" Chaplin has coconut-sized balls to make such a statement against Hitler and, even though this film was banned in several countries, audiences applauded Chaplin's effort to fight with film.
Bluto/John Belushi in 'Animal House'
John Belushi is the only person who could have starred in this movie and Bluto's incredible—albeit historically inaccurate speech—to the Deltas showcased his comedic skills tenfold. "Was it over when the Germans bombed Pearl Harbor? Hell no!" This just proves that even a speech laden with comedy can still be inspirational nonetheless.
Gary/Trey Parker in 'Team America: World Police'
Trey Parker and Matt Stone have satire down cold. Team America was the perfect nod to '90s action films and this final speech almost seemed like it could have been picked out a high-octane explosion-ridden Arnold Schwarzenegger movie. You've got so many successful aspects of this speech: comparing good guys to d*cks, comparing complainers to p*ssies, and comparing bad guys to assh*les. Perfect. Okay, so obviously it's a bit ridiculous, but you've still got the makings of a hell of an inspirational speech: we've got your mussed up protagonist who's gone to hell and back, a party of disinterested listeners, and the more-than-vital slow clap that erupts into a huge round of applause. Damn it, if American cinema isn't the best medium in the entire world. Team America is ridiculous on the service, but it's still about the journey of a man and that journey is filled with a hell of a lot—explosions, chaos, and d*cks. So many d*cks.
Red Redding & Andy Dufresne/Morgan Freeman & Tim Robbins in 'The Shawshank Redemption'
"Get busy living or get busy dying." Hell yes. In this shared speech by Morgan Freeman and Tim Robbins, we have Robbins convincing his fellow inmate that they can, and will, make a life for themselves on the outside. Robbins, as Andy Dufresne, makes it clear as day that he's not going to spend the rest of his life in prison—something that he has to make apparent to Freeman, who's ready to die in Shawshank. Robbins regales Freeman with his post-escape plans of having a boat and a life in Mexico and how he'll need a business partner when the time finally happens. Freeman as Ellis Boyd "Red" Redding is admittedly scared of the world outside of prison and tells his friend how he doesn't have the confidence to even dream about escaping: "I don't think I can make it on the outside, Andy. I've been in here most of my life." However, when he finds that Andy has made a successful escape, Red remembers his words of inspiration and, upon his release, visits Mexico to be reunited with Andy. The final scene is the two working on the boat he talked about so long ago. Is someone chopping onions in here?
Tony D'Amato/Al Pacino in 'Any Given Sunday'
Pacino is such a boss. Any Given Sunday is Oliver Stone's football movie that, a) features a crazy amount of A-listers (Cameron Diaz, Dennis Quaid, Jamie Foxx, James Woods, LL Cool Charlton Heston, Aaron Eckhart, and Elizabeth Berkley) and stars Al Pacino. In the film, Pacino plays 30-year veteran Tony D'Amato, who inherits the Miami Sharks, and has to whip them all into shape. And, like any good football movie, does so with a killer speech—not to mention with the help of some damn fantastic swelling music. Even though it's not a movie where the "good guys" win at the end, you can't help but feel a sense of pride for cheering for the Sharks all the way through.
John H. MIller/Tom Hanks in 'Saving Private Ryan'
As John H. Miller, Tom Hanks is the tight-lipped Captain who leads his troop to save (you guessed it) Private Ryan after the invasion of Normandy. At the height of the rescue mission, his soldier start to lose faith in what they're doing and begin to snap. When Tom Sizemore has his gun pointed at the head of another soldier, Hanks commands everyone's attention by a simple question: "What's the pool on me up to right now?" This immediately dispels the anger and draws attention to the Captain, who finally reveals the truth about his character's backstory, the pool in question being one concerning his past and the job he held before he joined the army. In this speech, there's no dramatic yelling or anything of the sort—rather simply a man telling a story about his life and why he refuses to abandon this incredibly dangerous mission. At the end, Hanks delivers and his once-wayward crew comes together to indeed (spoiler alert) save Private Ryan.
John Keating/Robin Williams in 'Dead Poets Society'
There's a reason Robin Williams is on this list more than once. As unorthodox English teacher, John Keating, Williams again shocks audiences by proving he can play the hell out of a serious role and deliver a speech that is still—to this day—quoted. The "Seize The Day" speech has everything you need to feel that bolt of inspiration: a bored English class in a stuffy prep school, a lead character who wants to break the mould, and Robin Williams yelling from atop a desk. "Boys, you must strive to find your own voice. Because the longer you wait to begin, the less likely you are to find it at all. Thoreau said, 'Most men lead lives of quiet desperation.' Don't be resigned to that. Break out!" If this wasn't the movie that got you to abandon your inhibitions, we have to ask: what was the movie that did it?
Jefferson Smith/Jimmy Stewart in 'Mr. Smith Goes To Washington'
You just don't see Jimmy Stewart's brand of passion in Hollywood anymore. In the legendary 1939 political comedy-drama, Jimmy Stewart plays Jefferson Smith, a wholesome man who's unknowingly turned into a political stooge by a corrupt Governor. In order to defend himself and the constitution itself, Smith launches into a filibuster that has him talking—literally—for twenty-four hours straight. By the end of it, we have Smith in shambles; sweaty, tired, and on the brink of collapse, defending his rights, opposing a detrimental bill, and pleading with the surrounding senators to believe in his freedom. This is the kind of speech that showcases the vulnerability and range of the character as well as the actor playing that character. It's no secret that Jimmy Stewart was truly one of the greats, but this filibuster speech inspired those within the movie and the audience alike to truly believe in a man.
Harvey Milk/Sean Penn in 'Milk'
Milk was (obviously) based on a true story and a true speech delivered by Harvey Milk. Milk's speech spoke to an entire nation and truly meant something: "No matter how hard you try, you can never erase those words from the Declaration of Independence." Milk's speech at the Gay Pride Rally evokes confidence, patriotism, love, and—most importantly—hate. It calls out an entire subsection of people who thought it was alright to treat the gay population as if they were second-class citizens. Sean Penn's Oscar was a well-deserved and important trophy for his accomplishments (even if Penn's track record as a person is a bit spotty) and cemented this film as a hell of an inspirational movie based on a hell of an inspirational guy.
Coach Dale/Gene Hackman in 'Hoosiers'
The locker room pre-game speech is such a Hollywood standard—as it should be. Gene Hackman as Coach Dale could inspire anyone to do anything because you just know he believes in every single word that comes out of his mouth. This 1986 classic led Hackman to a much-deserved Oscar nomination and still managed to make a name for itself in a market saturated by feel-good sports movies.
Sean Maguire/Robin Williams in 'Good Will Hunting'
You usually think of inspirational speeches within the context of a football team on the night before the big game.. However, an inspiration speech doesn't have to be loud and commanding with a huge swell of music and lightning storm in the background. An inspirational speech can come in the form of a story, as Robin Williams proves when he unleashes his emotional-as-f*ck story about his late wife. This is the kind of inspirational speech that changes an entire character's arc and changes the tone of the movie. With this speech, Robin Williams, both inspired a character and proved himself (again) as an actor who could handle any kind of role—even a totally serious one.
General Patton/George C. Scott in 'Patton'
Patton's Opening speech to the troops - George... by josephwouk?autoplay=0&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.askmen.com%2F&modestbranding=1&autohide=1&controls=2" width="640" height="360" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen>
Patton is a classic American war movie and this speech is arguably the best part of the film. "Thirty years from now, when you're sitting around your fireside with your grandson on your knee and he asks you, 'What did you do in the great World War II,' you won't have to say, 'Well... I shoveled sh*t in Louisiana.'" These are words of wisdom that live on past the film, past the war, past the '70s, and stands to be a hell of a good line to anyone serving in the army or facing a rough time doing anything...unless your job is to literally shovel sh*t.
Gordon Bombay/Emilio Estevez in 'The Mighty Ducks'
If you were untalented, uncool, overweight, but had guts, you loved Mighty Ducks. Gordon Bombay turned a ragtag group of dopes into a hell of a hockey team and it was this inspirational speech that sealed it. What really separates the Mighty Ducks' speech from others on this list is the emotional reaction it evokes from the listening party. Hell, nothing beats the feeling of seeing the entire team stand up and proudly exclaim where they're from. It's even better when the moment Charlie jukes out the goalie with a "Triple-deke" and beats the Hawks for the state Pee Wee Championship. Plus, what better way to psych yourself up is there by repeating "QUACK!" over and over again. Man, what a killer movie.
Yoda/Frank Oz in 'Star Wars'
Well, you can definitely scratch off the "smallest inspirational speaker" off this list. Yoda is a force to be reckoned with (pun intended) and his quick speech to Luke Skywalker—"the force is my ally" speaks volumes to his character and connects the entire Star Wars universe. Critics were harsh when the force was described in Episode One by use of midichlorians, but Yoda puts it simply: "Life creates it, makes it grow. Its energy surrounds us and binds us. Luminous beings are we, not this crude matter. You must feel the Force around you; here, between you, me, the tree, the rock, everywhere, yes. Even between the land and the ship." That's some next level inspiration right there. Even if the idea of the Force and attaining the Force was somewhat ruined, fans can still go back to this scene where Yoda kicks Luke into shape and he raises his X-Wing from that damn swamp with his mind.
President Whitmore/Bill Pullman in 'Independence Day'
This is it, people. Remember when you first saw Independence Day in theaters? For two solid hours, you bare witness to those damn aliens kicking the absolute sh*t out of the the world and then—when all hope is lost—we're finally ready to fight back. It's Bill Pullman as the President of the United States who gives the final speech to those brave kickers of alien ass (including Randy "Psychopants" Quaid) on July 4. The fact that it all happens on Independence Day make the speech 10 times as powerful, evoking a sense of unfiltered patriotism and pride for, not only America, but the world! Still kind of a surprising feeling getting pumped from Bill Pullman...you know, the guy who got broken up with by Meg Ryan on Valentine's Day in Sleepless In Seattle. That was a low blow, Meg. Clearly Pullman bounced back—definitely the second-best president in American cinema—the first being Harrison Ford.
William Wallace/Mel Gibson in "Braveheart"
Despite the numerous and glaring historical errors in Braveheart, it goes without saying that this movie is still really damn good. We've got everything for a killer speech: a pre-insanity Mel Gibson trotting around on a horse in front of his troops on the eve of a huge-ass battle, and a crowd of people not yet ready to listen to his words. Braveheart's inspirational speech is the best because it proves that a speech is truly a success when it changes the hearts and minds of those listening. The angry crowd of Scotsmen are, at first, opposed to Williams Wallace's pleas to fight the English. They're scared of death, and don't trust this figure covered in blue paint. However, when Wallace starts giving them reasons to fight, the crowd begins to sway. He seals it with one of many iconic lines: "They may take our lives, but they'll never take our freedom." Shivers run down your spine when you see that once-stubborn crowd of (again, totally historically-inaccurate) Scotsmen cheering. Damn it, Gibson, you've still got it.
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Part of the deal was that they be reprinted under the Lange pseudonym, with no Crichton-related publicity involved whatsoever. The information was hardly secret, though, the Internet being how it is. For example, there was a list of Lange novels prominently placed on Crichton's Wikipedia page. And fans of the author had known of the pseudonymous works for quite some time.
Still, the deal was struck, and the two novels saw the light of day, two years apart, for the first time in nearly forty years. Now, after Crichton's passing, and well into Hard Case Crime's new iteration with Titan Publications, all of the John Lange novels are being released with Crichton's name on the cover, and with new paintings commissioned from cover artists Glen Orbik and Gregory Manchess.
I have not read all of the books, but here, slightly edited for length, are the original reviews I wrote back then for Grave Descend and Zero Cool.
"Every story was different, and they were all, to his ears, improbable. But not like the Grave Descend. That was not merely improbable; it was weird. Even the name of the ship was weird." — from Grave Descend
Author John Lange is actually the pseudonym of a massively bestselling author whose name you would instantly recognize if I chose to reveal it. Hard Case Crime, seeing the first reprints of Lange's books since their original publications, would like us to respect his privacy, but as we all know, there are no secrets on the Internet, and his identity is only as far away as a single click.
Coincidentally, John Lange was nominated for the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Grave Descend. The author actually won the Edgar for another novel he wrote around the same time under a different pseudonym. (He has also won one under his own name, but not for a novel.)
Jim McGregor, a diver by occupation, is hired to investigate the sinking of the Grave Descend, a luxury yacht with an unlikely moniker (it's actually a quote from Samuel Johnson, the source of all the epigraphs in the book), off the coast of Jamaica. The main trouble is that McGregor can't seem to get a straight series of events surrounding the sinking — everyone has a different take on what happened, even where the boat went through customs.
To make things more difficult, the sinking is being kept from the press for 24 hours due to the presence of the boat's single passenger, Monica Grant, who is not only striking beautiful (especially in a bikini) but is also the "good friend" of the boat's married owner, Robert Wayne. McGregor discovers a few other details while involved with this mysterious crew, and begins to piece together a puzzle that's got his name written all over it.
John Lange offers up a straightforward, taut thriller with no frills but more than a little John D. MacDonald in its pedigree. The use of short chapters and sharp dialogue make the relatively complicated plot flow easily and quickly toward its conclusion. A slight but entertaining piece of escapism, Grave Descend is completely engrossing during the reading but doesn't leave much behind in its wake. (See what I did there?) I finished it in just a couple of hours and I don't imagine it took Lange much longer. Fans of MacDonald and Richard Stark could do worse than to take a short cruise aboard the Grave Descend. Just watch out for those hammerheads.
If you do the autopsy, we'll have to kill you.
If you refuse to do the autopsy, we'll have to kill you.
What's a vacationing radiologist to do? Dr. Peter Ross is going to find himself very busy over the next few days, involved with so many people, he'll be lucky to make it in time for the radiologists' convention.
Zero Cool is the second John Lange novel (after Grave Descend) to be revived by Hard Case Crime, but it was published first originally. It is also, I think, the better-written and more entertaining of the two.
John Lange was the pseudonym for an author who later became a huge best-seller under his own name. I'll hint by saying he's an "admirable" sort of fellow (unless that's a reference too dated for modern readers), but a quick Google search will reveal all.
Events in Zero Cool pile on one another in an almost improvisatory fashion, as if Lange were simply taking dictation from a compulsive liar with A.D.D. The seemingly unplanned nature of it, however, meant I was unable to predict much of what happened.
Ross hops from Spain to France and back again, mostly against his will, all the while leaving behind what must be the world's most tolerant (and trusting!) girlfriend, a woman he only met days ago on the beach (portrayed in Gregory Manchess's cover painting by model Meredith Napolitano, who is cleverly shown reading a copy of Grave Descend.)
It's a lot of fun. It's not the best-written book in the world, but its classic pulp adventure–inspired origins shine through brightly, with at least three occurrences of "And then it happened." But the fact that the author added new material for this reprinting makes it just that much more special. The new pieces, a prologue and epilogue that bring the action into the current day, make Zero Cool feel like a new book, even though it's over 40 years old. If you like Grave Descend and Zero Cool, be sure to check out the rest: Odds On, Scratch One, Easy Go (AKA The Last Tomb), The Venom Business, Drug of Choice, and Binary.


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Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC®)
04/06/09 Owners of LOINC, NPU, and SNOMED CT Begin Trial of Cooperative Terminology Development
LOINC® (Logical Observations Identifiers, Names, Codes), is a clinical terminology important for laboratory test orders and results, produced by the Regenstrief Institute.
LOINC is one of a suite of designated standards for use in U.S. Federal Government systems for the electronic exchange of clinical health information. LOINC is likely to become a HIPAA standard for some segments of the Claims Attachment transaction. In 1999, it was identified by the HL7 Standards Development Organization as a preferred code set for laboratory test names in transactions between health care facilities, laboratories, laboratory testing devices, and public health authorities.
NLM supports the ongoing development of LOINC through a contract arrangement.
Additional information about LOINC and its representation in the UMLS Metathesaurus is available:
LOINC, a universal standard for identifying laboratory observations
Last Reviewed: February 17, 2015


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Digital media sales is a great business to be in at the moment. Interactive advertising revenue in the U.S. regularly goes up by double digits year over year. Advertising is the standard means of monetizing digital content, and all content is becoming digital. It's easy to make money selling digital advertising—but that's actually a really big problem.
Easy money provides little incentive for self-improvement. When every check comes in, and you're fat and happy, it's natural to think: why work harder? Sales managers face a similar inertia. They're under pressure to hit their monthly and quarterly goals. Taking time to pull the team off the street to undergo training means less time selling. In these cases the major driver is immediate success, and it's risking our shared long-term prosperity.
Already we are losing ground. The 2012 Interactive Advertising Bureau Interactive Ad IQ Survey demonstrated that industry professionals aren't comfortable articulating the value of digital media platforms. Eighty percent of respondents said understanding the value of online video was important, but nearly 20% weren't comfortable articulating its value in an overall media mix. For search, a classic, 35% of respondents expressed a lack of comfort. If we don't pause for regular training, we won't be able to articulate the value of our ever-evolving and advancing media to marketers; and if we can't communicate value, we can only sell on price.
I know how it goes, I've heard it first-hand. It's easy to say, "We can get this deal if we lower our price." But it's a race to the bottom. If we keep traveling down this road, someday digital media will be fully commoditized, and sales won't be a great business to be in anymore.
Training would also help quell threats that are coming from other directions. Programmatic buying, for example, is the number one way agencies gain efficiencies. But this strategy of fewer people, more machines, has a causal effect on the number of sellers needed over time. The more helpful a seller can be to the marketer, the less advantage buyers get from using a machine. Furthermore, every year more people are entering the sales force with digital knowledge. In 2003, someone could have had six years of experience in the field at the most. Today many more people are qualified to be digital sellers. We need to train them to ensure they have viable, long-term careers.
In video specifically, where I spend my time, sales executives must be able to nurture a feeling of comfort in brand marketers who are accustomed to TV. The development of the viewable impression and digital GRPs is one way this is happening. But really, GRPs are just the comfort food that gets you into the restaurant. There's a lot more precision than 18 to 49 in the digital world. Having a sales staff who can confidently explain what a viewable impression is, the user's experience of a video ad, and the marketer's benefit of reaching more particular groups of people with well-tailored big ideas is vital to attracting more marketers to interactive media. It's about being able to proficiently discuss big data and big ideas—the theme of the IAB's upcoming Annual Leadership Meeting.
The supply of eligible sales executives is growing, the need for people is decreasing, and the product being sold is getting commoditized. So what do we do? We slow down and take a good look at how to improve the immense value that' s inherent in always-on, targetable, and interactive marketing. That, for example, is what's happening with the development of the viewable impression. Dozens of industry leaders from across the ecosystem have come together to thoughtfully and meticulously change the way everyday business is done for the industry's long-term health.
For sellers, as you can probably guess, it requires education. The first casualty of running fast and making easy money is not having a firm grasp on the basics. Sales professionals must know things like how an ad server works and what "views" are if they are to describe the actual value that digital media brings to brands. They must not only be educated in their individual business, but also the business they're all in. The IAB Digital Media Sales Certification and the IAB member's-only Online Sales Media Kit are two good tools. Getting the certification and putting in your email signatures will let marketers know they're dealing with someone who has invested time in learning how to meet their needs.
Taking advantage of the existence of a beautifully crafted media kit that tells the story of how digital media collectively, across platforms and individually by platform, answer all of the human needs described by Abraham Maslow, is another way to build and polish sales skills and presentations. Digital media provide opportunities to marketers because they are fundamental to human beings, people, users, consumers' needs to connect with others, be enlightened, be informed, feel secure, etc. The new IAB online sales media kit affords all salespeople a place to construct customized presentations that tell a human narrative and use credible and well positioned data and research to support assertions about digital media value.
But these aren't panaceas. Company leadership must believe in professional development. The mandate for training must come from the top. That's the only way it won't get overshadowed by complacency and quarterly goals. That can even play out by having a full-time sales trainer on staff—the portals all do.
What's on the line isn't just job security for sales executives, it's the security of the future of our industry. The ability to make marketers more comfortable with digital advertising is essential for growing digital media's share of the revenue.
Encouraging this kind of tectonic advancement one sales call at a time takes expertise, expertise too few sales executives have at this time. We've been in a hurry to grow this business, but now we need to slow down and take a good look at how to financially bring to fruition the lasting, brand value that's inherent in it. While the money is good right now, there's no reason to think it will always be that way. It's going to take work.
Randy Kilgore is CRO of Tremor Video and Vice Chair of the IAB.


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A small earthquake rattled parts of southern Vancouver Island Tuesday night.
The 2.3 magnitude earthquake struck about 7 km northwest of Langford at 10:06 p.m..
EARTHQUAKE Mag=2.4 on 06 Mar at 22:06 PST.
— Earthquakes Canada (@CANADAquakes) March 7, 2018
Details : https://t.co/xwuUgNM4Mf
14 km WSW of Sidney, BC
19 km NW of Victoria, BC
According to the Government of Canada, there are no reports of damage and none expected.
The quake was lightly felt in Victoria, Sooke, and Langford, B.C.
It is a great reminder to get prepared. Prepared BC has resources to help including a Household Preparedness Guide and a Household Emergency Plan.
Help Natural Resources Canada improve their earthquake hazard map by reporting it here.
Did you feel the earthquake? Earthquake Track is reporting a 2.3 magnitude earthquake northwest of Langford just after 10 p.m. #yyj #yyjnews #langford pic.twitter.com/YpO9Kjwvpr
— Goldstream Gazette (@GoldstreamNews) March 7, 2018
Follow us on Instagram Like us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter.


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BONUS CONTENT: Bringing to Life the Hispanic Millennial
NATIONAL REPORT — As researchers, we have noticed over the past few years that our clients are finding enormous value in understanding Millennials — in our case, Hispanic Millennials. There are thousands of articles, books, blogs, etc., that talk about Millennials. All marketers are paying attention to this audience and trying to tailor their initiatives to target them better.
But, what is really unique about the Hispanic-dominant and bicultural Millennial? Does this group behave exactly the same as the mainstream Millennial?
Ingenium Research Boutique decided to leverage its knowledge about this segment gained over the past years while conducting research for some of our clients, and complement this knowledge with some ethnos among Hispanic-dominant and bicultural Millennial respondents.
Our final outcome portrays the story of four very different Hispanic Millennials while, at the same time, it points out commonalities among them.
Some of the most interesting insights identified are the specific differences between less-acculturated Hispanic Millennials vs. mainstream Millennials in terms of concepts such as narcissism, the "Peter Pan" generation and "I want it now" — all of which are very common beliefs about the Millennial segment.
- Narcissism vs. Collectivism. Hispanic Millennials are not narcissists, as mainstream Millennials are usually described. This group has hectic lives and limited time for themselves, and as a key differentiator, they consider collectivism a very important value. When reaching out to this Hispanic segment, it is important to acknowledge their strong desire and need for acceptance, reassurance and validation that Millennials tend to look for.
- "Peter Pan Generation" vs. "Early Adulthood Generation." Contrary to what is believed about mainstream Millennials who are perceived as "delaying" their passage into adulthood, Hispanic Millennials must mature fast as they tend to have children earlier and/or need to start providing for their families and themselves earlier. When designing marketing strategies, keep in mind that many young Hispanic Millennials are already parents of at least one child, work hard in order to provide for their families (and/or their parents), and may have matured faster than mainstream Millennials.
- "I want it now" vs. "I have to work hard to get it." Millennial Hispanics come from a culture that has to work very hard in order to pursue the American dream — nothing is "fast and easy." As immigrants, and because of language barriers or Hispanic stereotypes, this segment has learned to be patient and work hard when they want to accomplish a dream. As a marketer, acknowledge and celebrate with Hispanic Millennials their hard work and persistence when pursuing a dream. Marketing efforts can portray how your company can be their ally during the hard path to get where they want to go.
Furthermore, it is also very interesting how this particular segment of Hispanics starts having different motivations compared to older Hispanic audiences.
- "I want to be successful" vs. "I want my kids to do better than me." Older Hispanics tend to dream about their kids getting what they could not get (i.e. having my kids go to college and having good jobs). However, Millennial Hispanics tend to believe they still have the opportunity to succeed in life so their kids will be proud of them. We recommend marketers encourage and support Millennial Hispanics to pursue their goal of getting the proper education to get the job of their dreams. Marketing campaigns can talk about how your company can help Millennial Hispanics make their dreams come true.
Similar to mainstream Millennials, Hispanic-dominant Millennials look for convenience and affordability when selecting which retail channel to make their purchases. Convenience is defined by these Hispanics as: close to my home, has everything I need/one-store shop, and extended store hours.
The best selection of products is another key driver for this segment as they like to have the opportunity to compare various options and choose which they like the best. Price is important, yet quality also plays an important role.
Main stores cited as meeting these criteria are Walmart, Walgreens, Publix and Ross.
Editor's note: This Bonus Content story is a complement to the April 2014 Convenience Store News Consumer Insights Special Edition. Click here to see in-depth insights on why and how Millennials shop c-stores, mined from the 2014 CSNews Realities of the Aisle consumer research study.


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Tell your representative: Vote no on any spending bill that threatens our environment with riders.
The House will be voting any day now on a spending bill containing over a dozen dangerous policy riders, including a repeal of the Clean Water Rule, which helps keep drinking water for one-third of Americans safe. Other riders threaten our land, air, forests and wildlife.
There's too much at stake to let these riders slip through. We've succeeded in defeating dangerous anti-environment riders before, but to win again we need to speak up. Your representative needs to know that you won't stand for a spending bill that puts the quality of our environment and the safety of our drinking water at risk.


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Just to let everyone know, there is no need to send me any more invitations to Google Talk. I've gotten a dozen so far, and I was already set up on their Jabber server before I got the first one. I can't use their client because – surpriiiiiise, surpriiiiiiiise – it's Windows only. When I read the HOWTO on MakeZine I added it to my Adium list last night.
I appreciate everyone thinking about me, but please save us both a few seconds and don't send me the invite. Thanks.
Update: It appears that the mails are unavoidable and just happen when you add someone with the Google Talk client. Wow, what a pain in the ass! This stopped being cute with the third identical email from Google.


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Among the Oak and Ash - Words and Music - 2009
A plan to give traditional folk songs a new voice led songwriter Josh Joplin to phone pal Garrison Starr and ask her to help him out with the project. Now they call themselves 'Among The Oak & Ash,' they've just released a self-titled album, and the duo stopped by 'FUV's Studio-A to share a few of the songs in an interview with host Claudia Marshall. [6/23/09]


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FOSSACS seeks original papers on foundational research with a clear significance for software science. The conference invites submissions on theories and methods to support the analysis, integration, synthesis, transformation, and verification of programs and software systems.
Topics covered include, but are not limited to:
Programme Committee
Invited SpeakerHubert Comon, LSV, ENS Cachan, France |
Updated: 22nd March, 2004 |
Queries aboutFOSSACS `04:


text: The Longview News Journal printed their annual list of "Best of East Texas" and the Carriage House B&B was named Best Bed & Breakfast in East Texas. We are completely honored and humbled that our guests voted us "Best of East Texas." Thank you to everyone that voted for us. We are grateful and flattered by all of your love.


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German Shepherd Escapes Shelter and Goes Looking for her Former Human
Ginger is a two-year-old German shepherd that was at the Apple Valley Animal Shelter in California, after being surrendered by her human. He became homeless and didn't want Ginger to suffer because of it. This was something she just found unacceptable, as she escaped and went to try to find her human.
"Her previous owner didn't want her to live out of a vehicle. It was a very difficult thing for him," said Gina Whiteside. Whiteside works with the Apple Valley Animal Shelter.
Ginger didn't want to surrender, and most certainly wasn't going to just hang around the shelter waiting for someone to adopt her. She did what anyone would have. She broke out of the shelter and went looking for her human. She jumped over a six-foot gate at the front of her kennel, snuck past not one but THREE closed doors and around shelter staff to get out.
While making her escape, she accidentally set off the motion detectors in the shelter. This prompted animal control to be called in to investigate, and when the officers arrived, the place looked as if someone was rifling through things at the shelter, but Ginger was nowhere to be found.
"When the animal control officer came, he noticed that the front counter phones were all over the floor and papers as well," said Whiteside. "It looked like someone trashed the front area."
Ginger was recovered three days later, completely unharmed and seeming no worse for the wear. She was found just a short distance from her former home, so that's why it's assumed she was looking for him. Since the incident hit the news, there's been a lot of interest from people looking to adopt her, and the shelter has put her in a bit more secure of a space.


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Show All Answers
No. The registry is available to residential homeowners who wish to make the individual decision to prohibit commercial door to door sales calls at their homes. Attempts to register large numbers of addresses will be identified by the system.
No, the two things are different. The Do Not Knock list requires only that you register your home on line. The No Solicitation sign is necessary for the successful prosecution of trespass offenses, such as defiant trespass.
Yes. There is an identification badge that must be worn by commercial door to door sales persons and must be visible to homeowners. The badge is issued by the Police Department when the license is issued.


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Column: Tourist traffic, while a pain, isn't all bad
I love my commute to work. And I'm pretty sure I'm not the only one around here who considers it a privilege to be able to drive Sound Avenue and other scenic routes in the area during their daily commute. Driving into – or even away from – a rising sun while farmers tend their fields or passing a tractor rolling along seems to offer a sense of "away-from-it-all" peace that, for me at least, makes the daily drive pretty enjoyable.
Then comes the weekend.
Particularly this time of year, as most of us know, those drives — though you're often not doing too much actual "driving," but rather "slowly traveling" — can easily become a little less enjoyable.
Yes, it's pumpkin-picking season. Corn maze season. Apple-picking season.
If you haven't already, you'll probably read plenty on Facebook or maybe hear it in the grocery store about those dreaded tourists, the people from "up west" who annually swarm the slice of heaven we're blessed to be able to call home year-round. They'll pay someone to harvest their crops for them (extra points for the farmer who thought that one up!), the young-uns will post some selfies on Instagram (look guys, no pavement!) and someone might even bring grandma out into the farm in an electric wheelchair (I actually saw that one last weekend).
What they're all doing, ultimately, is clogging up all these one-horse (or five-lane) roads and getting in our way as we just try to get our hair cut or make a trip to the hardware store.
They really should just go back to where they came from and leave us all alone, right?
I honestly doubt many people out there think all tourists should leave us alone. But what do we do exactly — close the gates at the Brookhaven Town border?
I grew up in the suburbs of Boston, a place people don't really travel to. They live there, as do their family and friends, and they have fun together and watch the Red Sox together and make plenty of beautiful memories there. And they travel short distances when they want to be somewhere different for a weekend or so. Now, I happen to live in that place I used to travel to.
So I guess I don't really get some of the complaints about tourists. If someone's drive is delayed 20 minutes because people are dragging their bags of pumpkins across the street and wheeling their kids down the road in their wagons, to me that means a lot of people really wanted to come to the area I live in. Which I think is pretty neat.
I do hear horror stories about the way some tourists behave. And don't get me wrong, I'm not saying that all tourists are angels or that dealing with agritourism traffic couldn't be improved. But let's not let a few bad apples spoil the bunch. And we've all heard that saying about people in glass houses (not greenhouses), right?
I was told by Joe Gergela, executive director of the Long Island Farm Bureau, that from Labor Day through the end of October, agritourism will generate anywhere from 10 to 50 percent of the annual revenue that comes into the farms that I'm able to enjoy long after those families are gone, the pumpkins rotted on their doorsteps. Agriculture as a whole in Suffolk County leads the state in terms of sales dollars generated, according to a 2010 study, bringing in over $240 million. And Cornell University found in the early 2000s that over 70 percent of farm owners said their agritourist customers were repeat customers, while nearly half of the customers themselves reported spending money at those destinations on more than one occasion.
I'm not exactly sure what all those numbers mean when it comes down to a direct impact on my pocket.
But if working around really bad traffic for a few weekends — or just staying home and doing work around the house or watching college football — is part of the cost of maintaining those morning drives on Sound Avenue while most of the tourists are taking the LIRR, I'll take it.
Joseph Pinciaro is the managing editor of The News-Review. He can be reached at [email protected] or 631-298-3200, ext. 238. Follow him on Twitter @cjpinch.


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Prints and Drawings Room
View by appointment- Artist
- Lisette Model 1901–1983
- Medium
- Photograph, gelatin silver print on paper
- Dimensions
- Image: 495 × 400 mm
- Collection
- Tate
- Acquisition
- Purchased with funds provided by the Photography Acquisitions Committee 2010
- Reference
This is one of a portfolio of twelve black and white photographs that were taken by Model in the 1930s and 1940s and printed in 1976 (Tate P79965–P79976). The photographs were printed in an edition of twenty-five in New York by master printers Gerd Sander and Richard Benson, under Model's close supervision. They were selected by Model to form a coherent group representative of her early practice which includes shots taken in America, France and Monaco. One of Model's best-known images, of a female bather in the sea at Coney Island of 1939–41, is included in the portfolio. It also features the 1945 photograph Window reflections, Fifth Avenue, New York City, which relates to a series of photographs Model made of reflections and the legs of passers-by shot among the crowded streets of New York.
Model's photographs of the late 1930s and early 1940s are mostly close-up shots of people encountered on the streets of Paris, New York or the French Riviera. In 1937 Model took her camera out to the Promenade des Anglais during a trip to Nice and photographed the privileged classes at leisure. Her 'portraits' were sometimes taken without the viewer's awareness or permission; at other times, although aware, her subjects seem not to care about the presence of the photographer, as for example in many of her pictures of old or homeless people on the streets of New York.
Model's photographs often force the viewer to look into the faces of people who might otherwise be seemingly invisible and unnoticed, revealing the true character of those who are forced by circumstance to keep up appearances. Model said of her work: 'I have often been asked what I want to prove with my photographs. The answer is I don't want to prove anything. The camera is an instrument of detection. We photograph not only what we know but also what we don't know. A moment is caught that was and never will be again – and lives on in the picture.' (Quoted in Adam Weinberg and Marianne Wiggins, From the Heart: The Power of Photography – A Collector's Choice, New York 1998, p.45.)
American photographer Edward Steichen, who was also Director of Photography at the Museum of Modern Art, New York between 1945 and 1962, said of Model:
Her prints record a relentless probing and searching into realities among people, their foibles, senselessness, sufferings, and on occasion their greatness. The resulting pictures are often camera equivalents of bitter tongue lashings. She strikes swift, hard and sharp, then comes to a dead stop, for her work is devoid of all extraneous devices or exaggerations.
(Quoted in Willard Detering Morgan, The Encyclopedia of Photography, vol.13, New York 1974, p.2331.)
Born in Vienna, Model moved to Paris in 1924 where she took up painting and in the mid-1930s produced her first series of photographs. In 1938 she moved to New York, where she was able to earn a living as a photographer working for Harper's Bazaar. In the 1950s she taught at the new School for Social Research at Columbia University, where she became a colleague and long-term friend of photographer Berenice Abbott and teacher to Diane Arbus, whose photographs of people often on the margins of society reflect Model's influence. In her later years living in New York, Model worked closely with Gerd Sander (grandson of German photographer August Sander, 1876–1964), who acted as her printer and dealer. Model preferred to display her photographs in the simplest way possible, behind a sheet of glass or Perspex with no outer frame.
Further reading
Lisette Model: A Retrospective, exhibition catalogue, New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans 1981.
Lisette Model, Shooting Off My Mouth, Spitting into the Mirror: A Narrative Autobiography, Göttingen 2009.
Lisette Model, exhibition catalogue, Jeu de Paume, Paris 2010.
Ann Coxon
August 2010
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Order Good Food Box
November 7
An event every month that begins at 12:00 am on day 7 of the month, repeating indefinitely
Get fresh fruits and vegetables at wholesale prices. Pay by the 7th of the month. Pick up in your community on the 3rd Tuesday of the month. Contact Emily 613-272-2799 ext. 256.


text: What do Steve Jobs, Hollywood film studios and Silicon Valley venture capitalists have in common? All have, at one stage or another, sought out Ren Ng – the Malaysian-born inventor of Lytro, a hand-held digital camera that aims to revolutionize photography and simplify the art of taking pictures. Lytro works by employing a micro-lens array to capture the entire light field – every ray of light traveling in all directions through a scene, which regular cameras cannot do – before focusing the information captured onto a sensor. Collecting all light data enables users to alter a picture's focus and perspective long after the image has been taken. The technology caught the eye of the late Steve Jobs, who invited Ng to his Palo Alto home to demo the device, and attracted a cool $50 million start-up cash from eager venture capitalists. See also: A light bulb moment for the wireless web The camera launched in the U.S. last February before Lytro announced it was expanding into Asia and Australia in October. Ng took time out to speak to CNN about his invention and how he transformed Lytro from a Stanford University PhD project into a potentially lucrative commercial reality. CNN: What makes Lytro such a revolutionary invention? Ren Ng: It lets you focus pictures after you take the shot and this really enriches your creativity as it makes a totally new kind of interactive picture. It also lets you share that creativity online with your friends and family … (and) can be embedded fully into social networks such as Facebook, Twitter and Google+. CNN: What was the inspiration for the Lytro camera? RN: I am a very keen photographer. I have enjoyed taking pictures since I was a kid with my family, but I became more serious about it at university. From the academic side, I was studying pictures from a computer graphic stance and the theory of the light field. On the personal side, I was rock climbing and taking pictures with my friends. We took all sorts of portrait and action pictures and I was thinking at the time that these are inherently difficult to focus correctly. That made me ask questions about the computer graphics of the light field that I was studying academically, and if those could be applied in commercial photography. CNN: How long has the process of invention to market taken you? RN: I started the company in 2006 and I had been working on research for about three years before that. Personally, I've been working on it for about nine years. We've gone through about three rounds of venture capital with some of the best venture capitalists in Silicon Valley. In total we've raised approximately $50 million in investment. See also: How the Rubik's Cube took over the world CNN: You made a prototype when researching your dissertation, did you realize you were sitting on a multi-million dollar invention? RN: The idea to try and commercialize came very late and it is something that is not very natural to me being an academic. There were two eureka moments during the PhD, if you will. The first was taking these equations (about the optical architecture of the light field) and starting to simulate them on a computer. The second was very similar except it was more physical. We built a prototype camera where you could take a picture using the software developed during the simulation stage. CNN: Does Lytro make skilled photography redundant? RN: I think it's a very compelling idea that you'll never take a bad picture anymore, but that's not what this camera is about. It's not a magical device … but it does let you take pictures very rapidly and without having to worry about things like focus, like you do with a regular camera. Basically, with a regular camera you have to take time or allow the camera to focus before you take the shot. Because we can allow you to focus after you've taken the picture by capturing the full light field, we can trigger the shutter instantly without delay. And people find that very helpful. CNN: What was it like being invited to meet Steve Jobs? RN: It really was an incredible experience. Not too many people have the chance to do that. Like many people out there I'm inspired by the level of attention to detail, design and execution of Apple products. Getting to meet him was exciting as he's a very inspiring person. We discussed a range of topics and it was terrific to [meet] like that in a one-on-one setting. See also: Teach young people to be innovative CNN: Has it been easy combining the business and science side of things? RN: It was the hardest thing I've ever done, for sure. Entrepreneurship is a very full body immersion into a very diverse skill set. Being able to execute technically through to a vision of a product that can be compelled to people and then being able to communicate that. I had to develop a lot of these very different aspects, but more importantly I have also met a lot of people who have joined Lytro, invested in Lytro or become partners with Lytro that have helped us to grow this vision of bringing computational photography to consumer cameras. CNN: From your experiences with Lytro, is commercial savvy something that modern inventors require just as much as a scientific or creative mind? RN: I think so, absolutely. More importantly, the company that intends to commercialize an idea will need to have all of those skill sets (technical, business and commercial) represented. I still definitely haven't mastered all of those skills. We have over 100 people working on this to bring it up to market and bring it forward now. But I do think that technical inventors will have to prove their vision of how those technologies will move into products that make sense for markets and for customers. CNN: And finally, what would your advice be to would-be inventors wrestling with tomorrow's big ideas? RN: Think big and have perseverance.


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Positive developments for women's empowerment and gender equality in Jordan – Executive Director
Speech by UN Women Executive Director Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, during the a ceremony to announce Jordan's COMMITment, in Amman, 20 February 2014.Date:
[Check against delivery]
Hello, I am so pleased to be here with you today in Jordan.
I arrived late last night and have had the opportunity to meet with several Ministers and we discussed women's rights, empowerment and gender equality.
I have just had a very constructive meeting with Ms. Asma Khader, Secretary-General, Jordanian National Commission for Women.
I am very happy that UN Women has signed a cooperation agreement between the UN Women country office and the Jordanian National Commission for Women. We aim to further strengthen our partnership and deepen the cooperation between our two organizations.
Today I commend the Government of Jordan for its commitment to ending violence against women through many measures including:
• legislative reforms to improve the legal and judicial responses to violence against women;
• rolling out a national strategy to combat violence against women;
• increasing the availability of data on violence against women, to name a few advances.
Jordan has joined more than 60 other nations in UN Women's COMMIT Initiative to end violence against women and girls.
I also commend Jordan for taking steps forward, embarking on political reforms, including amendments to the Constitution, and increasing the quota of women in parliament.
I encourage the Government to undertake further legislative reforms to improve the family laws and legal response to violence against women, specifically the abolishment of article 308 of the Penal Code that allows perpetrators to be pardoned if they marry the victim and stay with them for five years.
I congratulate the Government on its recent election to the United Nations Security Council. The next two years are very important and we count on Jordan to advance the women, peace and security agenda. Security Council resolution 2122, adopted last year requests that all reports and briefings to the Council include information on the impact of the conflict on women and what is being done to increase women's participation in all areas of conflict resolution and recovery.
Finally, I would like to pay tribute to Jordan's immense contribution of humanitarian support to Syria and previously to other crises in neighboring countries. Jordan plays a leading role in peacebuilding in the region and in the international humanitarian response.
UN Women remains committed to supporting women's rights, empowerment and equality in Jordan and all countries worldwide.
Thank you.


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Unhappy work a pain in the back
(Medical Xpress) -- An international researcher based in Perth has found that workers who resign themselves to work in unsatisfactory jobs are more likely to suffer from serious, persistent lower back pain than others with a positive attitude.
Research Associate Professor Markus Melloh, an orthopaedic surgeon and rheumatologist with the Western Australian Institute for Medical Research (WAIMR) and The University of Western Australia, found that a third of people studied with niggling non-specific back pain went on to develop everyday back pain that severely affected their career and social lives.
Although the workers required extended sick leave and went to their doctors complaining of pain, only a few had suffered a physical change such as a slipped disc. Anatomical tests showed no reasons for their ongoing daily problems with pain.
"Everybody has occasional lower back or neck pain but we are concerned about people with continuous non-specific pain for weeks at a time, which has significant socio-economic and personal costs," Associate Professor Melloh said.
Researchers found that patients who continued to show "maladaptive cognitions" such as fear and helplessness about their condition, movement avoidance and magnification of its seriousness were most likely to develop a persistent condition.
"Attitude in the workplace and positive thinking have a huge impact on lower back pain," Associate Professor Melloh said. "If an employee has the option to participate in change in their workplace or have some say in their job design, they can regain a positive attitude and the condition may correct itself.
"Having somebody to listen and show emotional support at work is a strong protective factor."
A total of 315 patients who went to their GP with their first episode of non-specific back pain were interviewed at that time and followed up at three, six and 12 weeks, and six months. The assessment included questions about their attitude. By the end of the study, 169 people were still participating in the research and about a third of them - 64 patients - were classed as having a persistent condition.
Some reported worse pain after six months, which was not what doctors would usually expect.
"Once people stay at home on sick leave, it gets harder to go back to work and the pain gets worse," Associate Professor Melloh said. "It's a vicious circle that needs to be broken. The research shows that if patients feel helpless and are convinced that any movement will land them in a wheelchair, they are making their condition worse."
Associate Professor Melloh said the study focused only on lower back pain because its incidence was higher than neck pain. However, neck pain was now increasing and may also be linked to a resigned attitude at work.
"Therapies to address the way patients think about their condition should be considered as early extra treatment for lower back pain for people who appear to be at risk of developing a persistent condition," he said.
Associate Professor Melloh will present his research at a Spine Society of Australia meeting in Sydney on Friday April 27. He is also due to speak at a European Orthopaedic Associations' meeting in Berlin, a SpineWeek congress in Amsterdam and a World Forum for Spine Research in Helsinki.


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Reasonably priced internet design services are usually not solely in terms of price. What determines affordable web design services is the experience of the shopper after the website has been designed. A website designed at a very low value could later prove very pricey for what you are promoting if it doesn't have mandatory options that would enhance your on-line sales. Hence, among the web design tricks menioned above have lots to do with whether or not you bought an inexpensive web design service.