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Formed as a merger between Wacker and the German company Neuson a year and a half ago, the new entity–Wacker Neuson–filled a big booth with several compact machines, a host of light equipment introductions and a new colors to go with the new name. A gray and red "W" serves as the company logo and over 250 light equipment models get new color schemes. As for new product introductions, there were plenty. Additional specs can be found on the company's website by clicking on the links provided in the text below.
. Two new rubber-tracked models bring the Wacker Neuson line to a total of seven. The newest model, the 6003 minimum swing excavator weighs six tons, digs to a depth of 12 feet, 7 inches and offers a 58.7-horsepower, Yanmar four-cylinder engine. The 6003 comes standard with an air conditioned cab. Also new, the 2.8 metric ton 28Z3 zero-swing compact track excavator digs to 9 feet, sports a 20.4-horsepower Yanmar engine and comes in an enclosed cab or canopy work station. Both models feature a dozer blade, boom-mounted working light, a control-pattern selector valve and your choice of a standard or long dipperstick.
Compact wheel loader. The company's newest articulated loader, model WL 50, offers a straight load capacity of 6,870 pounds and fully articulated tipping capacity of 5,608 pounds with a standard 1-cubic yard bucket. A 75-horsepower turbocharged Deutz diesel engine powers the unit. On-demand differential locks boost traction in difficult ground conditions and a joystick puts all the bucket and F-N-R controls on your right hand. Jay Baudhuin, compact equipment manager, says the WL50 can perform the same tasks as a high-powered skid steer loader, but with 30 percent better fuel efficiency.
. Mating John Deere Tier III engines to high-efficiency Mecc Alte alternators, two new Wacker Neuson mobile generators offer optimized power and fuel efficiency. The G 180 comes with a 300-gallon fuel tank for 28 hours of run time and the G 240 holds 400-gallons that will keep you in business for 30 hours. A new fuel fill system lets you refuel at up to 50 gallons per minute while reducing spillage and foaming. To help protect the environment, these machines offer 115-percent fluid containment, Racor crankcase oil vapor recovery systems (rather than vent tubes) and oil and radiator drain hoses. The G 180 is switchable for selection of three- or single-phase power. The G 240 provides low and high wye three-phase power by using a reconnectable board that ensures proper voltage connection and eliminates wiring errors. Mentioned, but not shown at the World of Concrete, were two new mobile ERTs (extended run tanks) G50 and G70, which provide enough fuel for 94 and 63 hours of run time respectively.
Compact light towers
. Wacker Neuson launched a new generation of compact light towers with the introduction of its LTN 6 generator (light tower, narrow body, 6 kilowatt). Durability, run time and saving space on crowded jobsites were the primary design considerations for the LTN 6. A stamped, 10-gauge, fully enclosed steel tub gives strength and protection from ground debris. The housing above it is made from dent- and rust-proof high-impact plastic. The steel tub also reduces noise and is protected from the elements with powder-coated paint, as are the mast, outriggers and other metal parts. The tower has a 32-gallon capacity and a 67-hour run time. The light fixtures are installed at the factory, reducing setup time, and adjust manually without tools. The 30-foot adjustable tower rotates 360 degrees. Two engines are offered: a 13.4-horsepower Lombardi diesel and a 15.3-horsepower Cat diesel. At 23 feet away, these engines generate 67 and 68 decibels respectively, which helps make the jobsite quieter and safer. The Wacker Neuson light towers are available with a manual or power winch, a highway- ready trailer with torsional axle and 120-volt/20 amp duplex receptacle for powering small tools.
Climate control
. The newest Wacker Neuson indirect-fired heater, the Cub 300HD comes with large fuel tank for 26 hours of run time at full load and 50 hours when using the optional remote thermostat. It has pneumatic wheels, a beefier undercarriage and a single, removable lift bracket. The unit puts out 302,000 Btu per hour with an airflow rate of 2,600 cfm to more efficiently push air through flexible ductwork and more evenly heat enclosures. It runs on kerosene, No. 1 or No. 2 winter-blend diesel fuel. The Cub 700 and Cub 700GM are trailer mounted indirect-fired heaters. The 700 series models crank out 720,000 Btus per hour at 7,700 cfm and hold 145 gallons of diesel fuel for a run time of 28 hours full load or 50 hours with the thermostat. Air outlet options include two 20-inch outlets or three 16-inch outlets. They run on diesel, natural gas or propane. The Cub 700GM includes a 12.5 kilowatt Kubota diesel generator. All the heaters in the Cub line up include stainless steel fireboxes and heat exchangers and what the company calls its Recircul-Air design, which allows recirculation of warm inside air to produce even temperatures and fuel savings.
Rammer update.
For some time now, Wacker has had the only remaining two-cycle engine rammer in the industry, the BS-21 series. Those have been updated with the new color schemes and have a redesigned engine cylinder that reduces emissions by 38 percent, boosts power by 5 percent and lowers fuel consumption by 15 percent. The redesign also includes a muffler that wraps around the engine and brings it in one inch closer, allowing you to maneuver better next to walls and vertical structures and reduces the risk of damage during transport. A new carburetor features an air purge bulb, eliminating the chance of flooding and making it easier to start the engine.
Hammers. The 15-pound EH 6M and 16-pound EHB 7M electric hammers use a high acceleration striker that hits with 9 foot-pounds per blow, yet they also allow you to reduce power by 40 percent for precision in applications such as drilling in tiled walls. To increase durability, the hammers are enclosed in a fiber reinforced plastic housing with large
cooling openings. The units have a patented vibration
dampening system, and a red/green LED warning light
alerts you anytime the hammer lacks grease or needs
brush replacement.
Concrete vibrators
. The IRFU and IRSE-FU high frequency motor-in-head concrete vibrators allow you to plug the units directly into a standard 115-volt outlet by using an in-line inverter that changes single-phase 60-cycle current to three-phase 200 Hertz current. This gives you the performance of a high frequency unit without the expense of a high-cycle generator. The inverters have been redesigned with rounded corners to prevent them from snagging on rebar and other obstacles on the site. The units also feature the company's "Bodyguard" system, which acts much like a GFCI circuit, only faster, shutting down the power within three-thousandths of a second when it detects a fault anywhere along the length of the unit from the plug to the vibrator housing. There are five models in the IRFU series, with head diameters ranging from 1.2 inches to 2.6 inches and effective compaction diameters of 15.7 to 39.4 inches. The four IRSE-FU models come with an ergonomically shaped handle and boast head diameters of 1.2 inches to 2.3 inches and effective compaction diameters of 15.7 to 33.5 inches.


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If I had been given one wish as a child I, it would have been that the Tasmanian tiger wasn't extinct. To me extinction was a tragedy. I expect that many people feel the same way.
But it is not easy to save dwindling populations and prevent extinctions. Sure it takes money, but it also takes knowledge. One simple story about butterflies illustrates the complexity of ecosystems and shows how important research and understanding are to preserving biodiversity.
It is the story of the European butterfly, the large blue or Phengaris arion (Maculinea arion in older literature).
In Australia we have lots of butterflies and literally countless moths; the total number is not known. In the United Kingdom, on the other hand, virtually all species have been described.
I visited England several times as a child, and at one stage I sought to see as many of the 60 different species of butterfly as possible. But I was particularly keen to see the large blue because it was rare. It was the first butterfly recorded in the British Isles in 1795 and was much prized by collectors for the very simple reason that it was so scarce.
But over the years the known populations gradually died out and it was given protected status. Britons made efforts to fence off reserves where it remained but, oddly, its numbers continued to decline. By 1979 it was declared extinct in Britain.
But why had all the steps to save this iconic species failed?
One researcher from Oxford University, Jeremy Thomas, led a team of large blue experts to investigate the ecosystem in which it existed. The first step was to try to understand the butterfly. And there was a lot to understand.
A pretty butterfly that hides a remarkable life cycle. PJC&Co, CC BY-SA
It is a remarkable species. The female lays eggs on wild thyme flower buds. Each caterpillar bores into the bud and eats the growing seeds. It needs all the energy in the seeds to survive, and if more than one caterpillar is sharing the bud they will fight things out in a cannibalistic bout until only one remains. This is a taste of things to come.
After about a week eating the seeds and flower it drops to the ground and waits until it is found by a special species of ant. It excretes a substance that feeds the ant, but also influences the ant's behaviour. The ant goes and fetches fellow ants that carry the caterpillar down into the nest.
Once inside the nest the caterpillar does a remarkable thing: it feeds on ant larvae until it finally pupates. When it is ready to emerge as a vulnerable new butterfly it begins making sounds that appear to appease the ants. It then emerges, protected by a guard of ants, and climbs up out of the nest to stretch out its wings.
The critical point is that the large blue doesn't just depend on any old species of ant, but on very particular species. It has evolved to exude chemicals that influence red ants of the species Myrmica sabuleti or M. scabrinodis.
These ants also have very specific requirements, this time in terms of temperature and moisture. If the ground is too hot or too cold they don't thrive and other species take over.
Ground temperature and moisture depend on the height of the grass. The grass needs to be short, so grazing is important. It turns out that fencing off reserves actually interfered with the life cycle of the butterfly because the grass grew too long, and the ground wasn't right for the ants.
Similarly, the spread of myxomatosis and reductions in the rabbit populations also meant the grass grew too tall, again altering ground temperature and helping drive the decline in large blue populations.
Due to the careful work by Jeremy Thomas and colleagues, all this is now known. Fortunately, unlike the Tasmanian tiger, the large blue was extinct only in the British Isles, and not in mainland Europe, thus it has been possible to re-introduce it into Britain.
It has also been possible to manage the habitat to allow grazing so that the ant colonies thrive and the butterfly also seems to be doing well.
Parts of the odd life cycle of this butterfly were known as far back as 1915, but there was no understanding of the connection to the ecosystem and landscape, so the vital step of controlling the grazing was not considered.
The large blue has been successfully returned to Collard Hill in the Polden Hills in Somerset.
The story shows how things can be complex and inter-connected, and that only by understanding all the facets can one intercede to put things right. It also illustrates how the careful application of science can make a difference.
One can never tell when and how, or even if, new knowledge will ever be useful. Scientists collect knowledge partly because they want to improve the world, but often just out of curiosity.
Sometimes curiosity driven research is criticised as self-indulgent, and unlikely to make a real difference to our circumstances. Sometimes it is said that researchers should just go straight for the biggest problems and tackle them straight on, or that research should be aimed purely at applications. This is increasingly heard these days given the new emphasis on innovation and the commercialisation of research.
But in reality we need science most when we have tried tackling the problem and got stuck. Everything people had tried to preserve the large blue had failed. Only knowledge provided a way forward.
Curiosity driven science often provides solutions when we are stuck and without it we will sometimes remain stuck forever. In the case of the Tasmanian tiger I believe we are stuck forever, but there are many other things to preserve and careful in depth science can make a difference.
Merlin Crossley, Dean of Science and Professor of Molecular Biology, UNSW Australia
This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article.

subset: commoncrawl


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Allen Animal Services does not intervene when these animals are roaming their natural habitat, which includes urban environments. However, animal control officers will respond to reports of sick, injured or unusually aggressive wildlife. Officers will also help move urban wildlife confined in a trap or structure. However, removal and relocation does not reduce the population.
When urban wildlife such as bobcats or coyotes have been found roaming in neighborhoods, bird feeders are frequently to blame. Rodents such as rabbits, rats and squirrels are attracted to fallen food, creating a convenient hunting ground for bobcats and coyotes. Pet food, trash and other food waste left outdoors create a similar problem. Coyote sightings are more common during their mating season, which begins in February.
Rodents (mainly rabbits and squirrels) are the primary source of food for urban coyotes and bobcats. Coyotes also eat insects and fruit. Though unusual, encounters between coyotes/bobcats and household pets can be dangerous or deadly. This is especially true for small dogs, which may act aggressive or overly-confident for their size. Small dogs (under 25 lbs.) should be supervised when outside, including in the backyard. When walking a small dog, use a 6-foot, non-retractable leash to keep the dog close. Animal control officers advise pet owners not to let cats roam free.
Coyote attacks are very rare. According to Humane Society, more people are killed by errant golf balls and flying champagne corks each year than are bitten by coyotes. If you notice urban wildlife acting sick or unusually aggressive, call Allen Animal Control at 214.509.4378 to report. According to 911 Wildlife, there are no documented cases of wild bobcats attacking children.
If you spot a coyote or bobcat in the distance, don't stand around looking or taking pictures; this just makes them less frightened of us humans. If you encounter a coyote or bobcat up close, stand tall, clap your hands, yell and make as much noise as possible. Cow bells, hoses, Super Soaker water guns and whistles have been used to discourage coyotes or bobcats from approaching humans. Never feed wildlife!
Coyotes can make 11 different vocalizations. In fact, their Latin name means "singing dog!" When all these vocalizations are strung together, one or two coyotes can sound like a pack. Though a coyote family (pack) can include multiple animals, they normally hunt alone or in pairs so the chances of encountering multiple animals at once is extremely unlikely.
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R 967, Promas Engineers, TTC Industrial Area, M.I.D.C. Rabale, Navi Mumbai - 400072
Home / Privacy Policy
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Privacy Policy
At https://www.promasengineers.com/ we are dedicated to safeguarding and preserving your privacy when visiting our site, providing services to you, or communicating electronically with us.
This Privacy Policy, together with our terms of use, provides an explanation as to what happens to any personal data that you provide to us, or that we collect from you. This Policy is updated from time to time so please review this Policy regularly. For the purpose of the Data Protection Act 1998, the data controller is Promas Engineers.
Promas Engineers are subject to the Data Protection Act 1998 and are registered in the number __________________with the Information Commissioner to process your personal information.
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In operating our website we may collect and process the following data about you :
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We use Promas Engineers to deliver certain services on our sites. To improve user experience, Local Shared Objects – or Flash Cookies as they are commonly known – are employed to provide features such as auto-resume or saving preferences. Flash Cookies are stored on a user's terminal much the same as cookies are, however it is not possible to manage them at the browser level in the same way.
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The information that we collect and store relating to you is primarily used to enable us to provide our services to you. In addition, we may use the information for the following purposes:
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If you are a previous or existing customer, we may contact you with information about products and services similar to those which were the subject of a previous sale to you. Furthermore, we may use your data, or permit selected third parties to use your data, so that you can be provided with information about unrelated products and services which we consider may be of interest to you. We or they may contact you about these products and services by any methods that you consented at the time your information was collected.
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Welcome to Dragon Cave! Dragon Cave is an online adoptables game. Collect eggs, raise them to adulthood, and then breed them to create interesting lineages. New dragons are added regularly!
Hailing from northern climes, the Boreal Dragon prefers cold, snowy weather. A very secretive and solitary breed, they rarely descend from the mountains they call home. The breed communicates over long distances via loud, low-pitched bellows. These calls often cause avalanches at the peril of any creature unable to run or fly away to safety.
Dragons are highly-intelligent reptilian creatures that—from a human perspective, at least—appear to live forever. Many different varieties of dragon exist, each with their own unique qualities, habitats, and behavior. Adolescence in dragons is usually marked by the growth of a hatchling's wings, although not all breeds of dragons grow wings and some breeds have other traits that indicate the beginning of maturation. In Galsreim, dragons and humans coexist peacefully.


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Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more.
Topics covered include:
Students also have a 4-hour ride-along with a uniformed police officer.
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The Killeen Citizen's Police Academy is a 48 hour block of instruction designed to give the public a working knowledge of the police department. The academy was created in order to provide information to the citizens so that they may make informed judgments about police activities. This will increase awareness of the Killeen Police Department and help to dispel misconceptions that the community may have about the department.
The Killeen Police Department offers two 12 week sessions each year, a spring session and a fall session. Classes are held once a week on Monday nights from 6 to 9 p.m. The class also participates in a Range Day which is held on one Saturday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. during each session.
The academy is open to anyone age 18 and over who lives in or is employed within the city limits of Killeen. Applicants must submit and undergo a criminal history check.
Students completing the 12 week instructional course may elect to join the Citizen's Police Academy Alumni Association.


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Published 12:00 am Saturday, September 14, 2013
LANDIS — Weary South Rowan quarterback Aaron Kennerly slumped in front of his locker, battered, bruised, and looking like a middleweight who had just gone 15 rounds in Madison Square Garden with a heavyweight.
In a way, he had.
Down 28-7 after 13 one-sided minutes, South wound up losing 35-25 to Northwest Cabarrus, and the Raiders were knocking on the door again before they were turned away in the final minute.
"Even with 40-some seconds to go, our kids believed they were going to score, get an onside kick and score again to win the game," South coach Jason Rollins said quietly. "That's the kind of fight this team has."
Kennerly completed 20 passes for 210 yards and ran for two TDs, and workhorse back Dominique Bost rushed 29 times for 149 yards as South moved the first-down chains 25 times.
South's defense, with Ryan Bringle, Bryson Deaton and Antonio Hester making a lot of stops, played very well the last 29 minutes.
"We didn't put them away," Northwest coach Rich Williams said. "And then they fought us right down to the last second. They gave us all that we wanted."
South (0-3) looked badly overmatched early.
Most of the film South coaches had seen on Northwest showed QB Brandon White in the shotgun with one running back and two wingbacks.
Instead, Northwest (3-0) came out looking like West Rowan in an old-fashioned I-formation, and with tailback Armon Dooley slicing South's undersized defense to ribbons on old-school counter plays.
"We had prepared some for the I," Rollins said. "But it's not what we expected."
If South showed a deep safety, Northwest ran the ball. If South showed man-to-man coverage, White threw, and the Trojans rolled up and down the field.
The first of White's three TD passes came when he threw a sweet bootleg pass after faking a handoff to Dooley on what South thought was another counter. That made it 7-0, and when Will Poole recovered a South fumble on the ensuing kickoff, the visitors punched in an easy TD for a 14-0 lead.
"Instead of 7-0, it was 14-0, and now we were in a deep hole," Rollins said. "We spent the rest of the night fighting out of it, but the thing I like about this team is that no one hung his head when things went bad. These guys were going to keep fighting, and I was really proud of that."
South got on the board when Kennerly hit Travis Littlejohn with an 8-yard scoring pass on third-and-goal late in the first quarter, and Brennan Lambert's PAT made it 14-7. Northwest, however, shrugged off South's first resistance, scored twice in two minutes for 28-7 and had to be thinking blowout.
But South's defense adjusted on the fly and did a better job of disguising coverage, and the combination of tough runs by Bost and Kennerly's passes to Eric Stowe, Tyler Fuller and Peyton Penninger moved the ball steadily.
Kennerly scored on a 4-yard run in the second quarter to cut the gap to 28-13. Then South adjusted its defensive alignment at halftime to roadblock Dooley's counters. Dooley had 137 of his 182 yards in the first half.
Northwest went three-and-out to begin the second half, and South then put together a textbook, 17-play march that was capped by a 3-yard scoring burst by Bost. Now it was 28-19, and the Raiders had all the momentum in the world.
Dooley grabbed it back for Northwest. Lambert often kicks off into the end zone, but Dooley fielded his kickoff at the 5 and roared 62 yards to the South 33. That return led to the difference-making TD for the Trojans on White's 22-yard pass to Poole.
"We were able to knock South's momentum out a couple of times," Williams said. "We played our best offense of the year in the first half, but we didn't play as well defensively as we did in our other games. We have to get better."
South has to get better too.
"You can't get in a hole like we did," Kennerly said. "But we showed we can face adversity and battle back from it, and we stayed in the game."


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Legacy Concrete Charleston
Legacy Concrete Charleston - Best Concrete Company In Charleston And The Surrounding Areas
We are conveniently located in Charleston, West Virginia, and are available to meet with you at any time. Our specialties include concrete driveways, concrete patios and stamped concrete. We also offer concrete repairs and concrete restorations.
Charleston is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of West Virginia and the seat of Kanawha County. Located at the confluence of the Elk and Kanawha rivers, the city had a population of 48,864 at the 2020 census and an estimated population of 48,018 in 2021. The Charleston metropolitan area as a whole had an estimated 255,020 residents in 2021. The first permanent settlement, Fort Morris, was built in fall 1773 by William Morris prior to Lord Dunmore's War, and was used extensively during the American Revolution. The town of Charleston was incorporated by the Virginia House of Delegates in 1794 with the trustees being William Morris, Leonard Morris, and Daniel Boone.
Edgewood, Kanawha City, South Charleston, South Hills, West Side


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Dark Tourism - the guide to dark travel destinations around the world
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Easter Island
East Timor
El Salvador
Falkland Islands
French Guiana
Great Britain
New Zealand
Northern Ireland
North Korea
South Africa
South Georgia
South Korea
Sri Lanka
St Helena
Tristan da Cunha
: 9 -
The capital city of
– and in fact the country's only big city. One of Europe's great cultural places and accordingly a popular tourist destination. And for the dark tourist too it's one of the world's most rewarding cities to visit. Some of its dark sites are top of the list in their respective categories (cemeteries and medical exhibitions in particular), others are even unique to Vienna. It is without any doubt a must-do destination for any serious dark tourist.
It also happens to be the city where I live – so I can offer the most direct
More background info
What there is to see
Access and costs
Time required
Combinations with other dark destinations
Combinations with non-dark destinations
More background info:
Bill Bryson once wrote (in "Neither Here Nor There", p. 261) that if Martians came to Earth they'd "unhesitatingly land at Vienna, thinking it the capital of the planet". And in certain parts of the city the amassed grandeur of the buildings certainly supports such a notion.
But of course that's only one side of Vienna, and it's only visual. It applies most along the famous Ringstraße, the loop around the inner city centre, esp. the south-western section between the Rathaus ('city hall') and Schwarzenbergplatz, and most grandly of it all at Heldenplatz.
Indeed, Vienna used to be the hub of a huge empire, esp. the Austro-Hungarian one. Imperial roots go back much further – the Romans founded a military camp/city here ca. 2000 years ago, and in the 16th and 17th centuries, Vienna nearly fell into the hands of the Turks' Ottoman empire, who laid the city under siege twice – but eventually were defeated. The city really came into its own as an empire's grand capital under the Habsburgs reign in the 19th century.
Accordingly, many of the grandest representational buildings along the Ring and on Heldenplatz date from the Habsburg imperial period, especially from the latter days of it at the beginning of the 20th century.
Then came
World War One
, the war was lost, the Kaiser unseated and the empire fell apart. Vienna was now a much less significant capital of a small Republic – still, the oversized representational imperial buildings remained …
Once again,
became part of an empire, this time the
Third Reich
– after
Adolf Hitler
annexed his old home country in 1938, though he called it "
" (which sounds much more harmless in German, almost like 'accession'). However, a large proportion of Austrians had hoped for exactly this – which is well exemplified in the footage of the cheering crowds on Heldenplatz as Hitler announced the "Anschluss" from the balcony of the Neue Burg palace.
With this phase came the full nastiness of the
reign of terror, including persecution and eventually deportation of esp. Jews (the
came and with it bombing raids by the allies. After the war was lost, Vienna was, just like
, split between the four victorious powers into four sectors, echoing the division of the whole country into four occupation zones. Again just like Berlin, Vienna as a whole found itself an island within the
occupied zone, while the
each also retained a foothold in the capital – the central 1st District was even shared by all four occupying powers. The classic movie "The Third Man" depicts this phase in Vienna's post-war history well – complete with Military Police patrols with four differently uniformed representatives of the four powers who, in the 1st District, always had to share a jeep (hence called the "four men in a jeep" phase).
), however,
did not remain divided for so long. With the Austrian State Treaty of 1955, the country regained its unity and independence – albeit under the concession of military/political neutrality in the East-West confrontation (see
Cold War
Geographically, Vienna was now almost stranded on a peninsula of the West dipping deep into the
Eastern Bloc
. With this semi-isolation, Vienna became a much quieter place, esp. compared to the days when it was the hub of an empire.
But the city has come a long, long way from the grim, sleepy place it apparently used to be not so many decades ago. (That's what Austrians themselves told me! Over the last decade or so, however, I haven't personally noticed any dramatic further changes of that sort).
Still, a buzzing metropolis like
New York
it is not. For starters, Vienna is much smaller. In fact, unlike most other metropolis capitals in the world Vienna's population has shrunk compared to older, more glorious days. That has its advantages, though: the city is much more walkable, it doesn't take hours to get from one end to the other, living (and housing) costs aren't as crippling, and the overall atmosphere isn't as stressed and hectic as it is in the really BIG cities of the world.
That said, Vienna is still Austria's political, administrative, cultural, well, everything hub. In that sense it is a bit like it is with
New York
and the
. It's not really part of the country, it's a separate entity, very different from the rest of the land it functions as the capital for. Get out of Vienna a few dozen miles and you instantly feel you're in the middle of real provincial dreariness. Back in Vienna, it's quite cosmopolitan and metropolitan after all … albeit in a relaxed sort of way.
All this combines to make a standard of living that has seen Vienna take top marks globally as one of the most liveable-in cities (at the point of writing this it's even the No. 1 on both the Economist's and Mercer's list – but it has consistently been amongst the top three or four for the last few years). Obviously, that's something that the Viennese are justly proud of.
As for me, as a foreigner in Vienna, I'm quite happy to live here too. I especially value the contrast of a good degree of internationalism on the one hand, and quirky "quaintness" on the other.
The location of the city is also pretty good from a travel point of view, esp. with a view eastwards … (OK, its airport isn't quite the hub that is Frankfurt,
and that I'd wish it was, but it's alright, really.)
What there is to see:
Here's a list of all sites/attractions in Vienna that are given their own separate entries on this website:
catacombs beneath St. Stephen's Cathedral
cemetery of the nameless
(Friedhof der Namenlosen)
Central Cemetery
House of Austrian History
crime museum
Documentation Centre of Austrian Resistance
Flaktowers in Augarten
funeral museum
Imperial Crypt
Josephinum anatomical wax models
- Michaelerguft – crypt under St Michael's Church
Military History Museum
– pathological-anatomical museum
St. Marx cemetery
- '
Third Man' tours of Vienna's sewers
torture museum
A German saying goes "der Tod das muss ein Wiener sein", meaning 'death must be a Viennese' – and indeed, the city's "special relationship" with the topic of death is legendary. This also has an impact on dark tourism: nowhere else are there this many places devoted to death, or at least the morbid, as in Vienna. Cemeteries aren't just graveyards in Vienna – they're culturally celebrated places. The same goes for several crypts and catacombs. Funerals are handled by a near monopoly municipal company that not only offers the widest imaginable range of services (including that of pressing the ashes of a cremated loved one into a diamond, which a widow/er could then wear …), it also opened the world's first
funeral museum
! Even the military history museum goes beyond the usual glorification of the armies of old by incorporating the odd distinctly morbid element into its exhibition. And at least a certain morbid edge is also present in Vienna's world-class medical exhibitions.
In comparison, Vienna's darkest modern-age period, in the 20th century, i.e. esp. the
era, is somewhat underrepresented. The odd exception notwithstanding, this part of the city's history is left more or less totally undeveloped for tourism. (Habsburg grandeur is shown off with much more enthusiasm – and nobody seems keen to remind overseas visitors of the fact that
was in fact Austrian, not German). But even in their completely uncommodified state, the
Flaktowers in Vienna
are unique relics from those grim days.
Finally, the period directly following
is covered (at least in part) by the touristic exploitation of the legend of the movie "The Third Man".
Beyond these major sites, which therefore have their own separate pages here, there are also several minor ones – esp. ones that do after all relate to the dark period of the Nazis. Here's a very brief overview:
Probably the most notable anti-war memorial is that by the controversial artist Alfred Hrdlicka which stands opposite the Albertina near the Opera in the inner 1st district – it's a particularly controversial piece for its artistic execution but certainly worth a look.
On a smaller and much less in-your-face scale: as in many cities in
, you can now also see so-called "Stolpersteine" ('stumbling blocks') set in the pavement in Vienna (officially, these are called "Steine der Erinnerung" here): these are bronze blocks usually outside the former homes of victims of the Nazis; etched into the bronze surface are the victims' names and where they were deported to. In order to see these blocks you really literally need to watch your step …
Larger, but still fairly secluded is the monument to the victims of fascism on Morzinplatz, off Franz-Josef-Kai, near Schwedenplatz – this marks the spot where the Vienna
HQ offices used to be.
A small, easily overlooked memorial in a hidden corner inside Westbahnhof station commemorates the Jewish children who were evacuated from here to
Great Britain
More notable is the monument commemorating the
that stands in the middle of Judenplatz (literally "Jews Square"!) right in the centre of the city. The name derives from the fact that this area used to be a Jewish quarter in the middle ages – until its destruction in the 15th century. This part of history is commemorated in the Jewish Museum on the edge of the square – but it does not cover any of the even darker episode of Jewish history in the 20th century. This is instead left to the monument in the square. At first and from a distance it looks like a small building of some sort, but on closer inspection you find that its white walls are shaped like bookshelves – and at their bottoms the names of various
concentration camps
death camps
and ghettos are set into the ground.
More plaques and small memorials, marking lost synagogues or notable individuals, can be found in Vienna's 2nd district, which today is (again) Vienna's main Jewish quarter (albeit on a much smaller scale than pre
). A so-called "Weg der Erinnerung" ('Path of Remembrance') connects various monuments, 'stumbling blocks' and plaques, e.g. on houses where in the past a synagogue used to stand. Similar themed routes for historical walks in the footsteps of former Jewish life in Vienna have been developed in the 9th district.
Those who get something out of following
's footsteps could take a look at the main central balcony of the pompous Neue Burg wing of the Hofburg palace complex overlooking the square Heldenplatz. This is the spot where the little great dictator proclaimed the "
" of his homeland to the
Third Reich
… to the cheering of countless assembled Viennese below, i.e. where you'd be standing when looking up to the balcony.
Heldenplatz (literally 'heroes' square') is now one of the most touristy spots in the city – and it is occasionally still used for open-air events, such as on National Day, when
shows off its (these days comparatively modest) military gear for the entertainment of the people ... hence those perhaps somewhat bizarre pictures posted in the photo gallery here, esp. those with the howitzer barrel in front of the palace's facade …
Long before he was anybody (other than a failed third-rate artist),
used to live in Vienna too, e.g. at Stumpergasse 29 and Felbergasse 22 in Mariahilf (6th district), where he would also have gone for coffee in the Café Sperl, which is a wonderfully old-fashioned specimen of a Viennese café, by the way, despite the grim connection, however loose it may be …
A perhaps suitable end- and counterpoint to all this can be seen in the Soviet memorial at the far end of Schwarzenbergplatz set up shortly after the Red Army had taken Vienna in 1945.
And to offset (or – to the utterly twisted mind – even complement) any Soviet hero-worship, search out that most bizarre relic from Vienna's Soviet associations: at Schönbrunner Straße 30 a wall plaque with a relief of
Josef Stalin
marks the place where the man who was later to become the infamous Red Tsar of the
(and Hitler's prime adversary) used to stay and work for a brief period in 1913.
in the far east of
, near the Danube river (though hardly "on" it), less than 40 miles (60 km) upstream from Slovakia's capital Bratislava, some 150 miles (250 km) downstream from the
border at Passau; and a bit over 220 miles (350 km) east of
Google maps locator: [
The hills surrounding part of Vienna to the west and north are actually the final foothills of the Alps. Eastwards begin the plains that eventually become the Puszta of
is just a good 130 miles (210 km) south-east.
Note that since
was (all military neutrality notwithstanding) de facto part of the "West", it's easy to forget just how far east Vienna is actually located geographically – it's actually a bit further east than
, which is ca. 160 miles (260 km) north-west of Vienna.
Access and costs:
east of Central Europe, but easy to get to; price-wise quite variable.
: Vienna is easy to get to by plane, train, car, bus – and even on waterways: there are fast boat connections to Bratislava and
(and river cruise boats e.g. from Passau,
, pass Vienna too). Trains are a particularly good option, with lots of connections in all directions, which can be astonishingly cheap when booked in advance. Flights too can be quite affordable, even when using Vienna's Schwechat airport.
NOTE: some cheap carriers selling flights "to Vienna" may not actually use Vienna airport but Graz or Bratislava (Slovakia), which means a lengthy transfer before you actually get to Vienna. When searching for flights to Schwechat, use the code VIE.
From Schwechat airport you can easily get into the city by regional metro train (S-Bahn), which is by far the cheapest option (two zones, currently 4 EUR for a single ride). The heavily advertized commercial city-airport train (CAT) takes exactly the same route, and is only about 10 minutes faster (no stops en route), but costs significantly more. Both go to Landstraße/Wien Mitte, which is just east of, so not actually "in" the city centre. The S-Bahn continues to Praterstern, which can also be a useful interchange. Airport buses go to the train stations Meidling Bahnhof (at Wien Dörfelstrasse) and Westbahnhof (with plenty of good connections) or to the city centre at Schwedenplatz. But if you take the S-Bahn to Landstraße or Praterstern you could also carry on on the metro (U-Bahn) from there to Westbahnhof or Schwedenplatz respectively, and that on the same ticket (!), and thus save money.
Within Vienna, an excellent public transport system ensures that virtually every corner of the city is within easy and quick reach. The pricing system for tickets is also remarkable. There's a flat rate for single journeys of any length, unlimited changing included (as long as the route taken is sensible – i.e. not in wide circles or zig-zags). If you buy single tickets stamp your ticket in the blue boxes provided either by metro entrances or on board buses and trams. There are also 24- or 72-hour tickets, as well as weekly and monthly passes allowing unlimited travel within Vienna.
Accommodation options in Vienna cover the full range, from world-famous luxury hotels such as the Imperial or the Sacher, a large number of mid-range places, and a few budget options too (esp. the so-called Pensions). Lots of budget to mid-range hotels are clustered in not quite so attractive parts of the city (e.g. along Landstraßer Hauptstraße heading east, i.e. away from the city centre). When searching for accommodation don't be fooled by places advertising a "central" location – quite often it isn't that central and/or the area may not be so nice. Good districts to look for when checking locations are, apart from obviously the inner 1st district, the 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th, in part also the 2nd (though not all of it).
If you'd like more consultation on (almost) anything Viennese,
Time required:
To see all the dark sites alone, you'll need a bare minimum of at least a week (if you don't mind tight itineraries – better allow two weeks or more). Add more time to see some of the non-dark bits too – and not just the standard places all the tourist hordes flock to; see under
non-dark combinations
for a few suggestions. To really "do" Vienna intensively and more or less exhaustively (if that's possible), you'd need at least two to three weeks, then, or even longer. So either go for that long for a Vienna "to-the-max" experience, or – better perhaps – come back on a couple or so separate occasions.
Combinations with other dark destinations:
Vienna is also an excellent base for dark explorations outside of the city limits. Most of the other dark sites in
can be reached from Vienna on day return trips (at least at a push, when starting early).
are near Linz, a couple of hours' drive away from Vienna. Slightly further away, beyond Linz, is
Schloss Hartheim
. If you want to do both one straight after the other, you may need to look into staying overnight somewhere in the area.
can also be reached on a day trip out of Vienna. Only the trip to the
Pasterze glacier
may be too far to be doable in comfort as a day trip (unless you set off before the crack of dawn and come back late perhaps).
There are also significant dark tourism places outside of Austria that can easily be reached from Vienna (though hardly as day return trips). First and foremost:
's fantastic capital
is only a couple of hours away on the train from Vienna (you could even go by boat – at least in the summer).
's capital
is even closer (also both by train or boat). The
, to the north-west of Vienna, is also within relatively good reach (trains take ca. 4 to 5 hours). The second Czech city,
, can even be reached within just an hour by train.
Also within easy reach is
in southern
isn't far either, bordering on
to the south, and of course
to the west.
Next there's the Balkans – also virtually just round the corner, with direct train and/or bus connections from Vienna to
Bosnia & Herzegovina
In short: Vienna is not only a prime dark destination in its own right, it also makes for a perfectly located stopover or springboard to a good number of other countries' dark tourism offerings in all directions too.
Combinations with non-dark destinations:
Just where do you start … Schönbrunn Palace? The Hofburg? The Opera? The list of sights would be so long as to be way beyond the scope of this website. Instead of such a list, I'll rather point out a number of general things about Vienna for tourists, and then pick out a few more unusual places/sites/areas to visit …
Viennese cafés
are world-famous. And some of them are indeed very pleasing to the eye of the beholder, though overall they can disappoint foreign visitors whose expectations may be higher than many of these cafes can meet. OK, there's the usual famously wide range of coffee preparations (though you'll never find just a simple cup, let alone mug, of plain black coffee on the menu – the closest thing to it is the so-called "Verlängerter", a kind of watered-down espresso, but still rather small …). The quality of the coffee isn't necessarily above average. There are newspapers which patrons can grab and browse over their coffees, and some cafes may even have a few English-language ones, which is nice. The waiters are typically, and traditionally, less nice, in fact they can be rather arrogant and snotty. It seems to be part of the job description (and maybe falls under the universally justifying label of "Schmäh" – a special Viennese brand of sarcasm that the non-Viennese person is not expected or even allowed to understand). Many cafes double up as restaurants, especially for lunch. Some are more minimalistic and may offer only a small selection of cakes.
One café to be picked out especially is the rightly famous Café Hawelka (on Dorotheergasse). It's of the minimal type and oozes character – even though one of the most characteristic elements of the Hawelka entertainment, old Josefine Hawelka, unfortunately died a few years ago, leaving her husband Leopold a widower. Meanwhile he's passed away too. Still, the place is still dark, full of old world character and often crowded to capacity. But since a recently introduced smoking ban it is thankfully no longer as impenetrably smoke-filled as it used to be.
Another famous thing about Vienna are the so-called
– those characteristic wine bars/gardens, some of which are situated right by the vineyards they belong to. Vienna, in case you didn't know, is the only metropolis in the world that has a thriving wine growing industry within its city limits. Some 800 vintners are said to operate their usually small businesses in Vienna. If you want to experience the real thing, try to avoid the ones that are totally geared towards tourists, and where you'll often find more Japanese in large coach parties than actual Viennese. Most of these folklore Heurige are located in Grinzing – but even that area also has some nice original specimens … but you'd need to know where to look for them. I could pass on a few tips – but only on demand (as I don't want those places to become too touristy …); if you're interested,
contact me
Those with a sweet tooth will encounter more temptations in Vienna than is healthy – but occasionally these sweet little sins may be just too irresistible, esp. given the outstanding quality the better chocolate makers deliver. Demel is the most famous name here, but e.g. Oberlaa, with many branches across the city, is also highly recommended.
In other culinary respects, Viennese cuisine is more geared towards carnivores who love their meat portions large. For (semi-)vegetarians (like myself – see
food & drink
) it's the many ethnic restaurants that best provide respite from the otherwise limited non-meat choices of the traditional eateries. Again, I could pass on tips (on demand – contact me).
, there's more to Vienna than just the grand imperial piles on the Ringstraße and Heldenplatz. Vienna was also the hub of Art Nouveau (Jugendstil), and many a glorious example of this can be found all over the city – not just the standard show-off ones such as the Secession building near Naschmarkt and Karlsplatz, even quite functional architecture, such as the arches and stations of the Stadtbahn, now the route of the U6 metro, are masterpieces of the style too. My personal favourite is the Church at the Steinhof hospital complex on Baumgärtner Höhe (see
). Its marvellous exterior can be viewed at any (daylight) time, but the even better interior is only accessible on guided tours on Sundays at 3 p.m. – highly recommended.
Vienna has traditionally "always" had a Social Democrat government – and there are quite stunning manifestations of "Red Vienna" in architectural terms, first and foremost the gigantic "Karl-Marx-Hof" housing estate at Heilgenstadt (by the terminus of the U4 metro line).
There are also examples of really modern architecture here and there. The most noted and controversial is the Haas-Haus right on Stephansplatz opposite St. Stephen's cathedral (which is visible in distorted form in the curved mirrored facade of the Haas Haus if you look at it from the correct angle) … I for one like this kind of contrast. Another rather cool example is the highest skyscraper in Vienna, the Millennium Tower on Handelskai by the Danube in the 20th district.
, by the way, is nowhere near as blue as the cliché or the Waltz of the same name make people expect it to be. In actual fact, the colour of its waters is rather a kind of milky greyish green. Only some parts that are cut off from the river proper by flood regulation dams can appear blue (on sunny days, when the sky is blue).
Another potential misconception may require clarification: Vienna is only technically speaking "on" the Danube – but it only cuts through the north-eastern outskirts and most tourists will never see it. Instead, many people unaware of the actual size of the mighty river may mistakenly believe the narrow Danube
to be the "river". It's not. It's just an artificial canal, although it connects with the real Danube – you can even go on river cruises from the canal. From the actual Danube – or the riverbank – you can see the modern complex of and around the UNO City. The United Nations set up one of their main European branch seats in Vienna in the 1970s. Guided tours are offered there too.
Vienna has more green bits than most other big cities in the world. The famous
(Vienna Woods) is a semi-circle of extensive forested hills to the south and west of the city, but still within its city limits (most of the vineyards are located here too). You could hike for days, if not weeks, in these hills without ever repeating a route and without ever leaving Vienna's boundaries.
More nature, albeit in the form of captive fauna, can be found in Vienna's excellent
Schönbrunn zoo.
It's the oldest zoo in the world, but at the same time these days one of the most modern ones.
More animals, albeit not at all animate ones, can be seen in the enormous collection of stuffed specimens in the
Natural History Museum
on the Ring. This wonderfully old-fashioned museum is the symmetrical counterpart of the Art History Museum opposite, which is famous for its collection of old paintings by stock biggies such as Rubens or Bruegel. Those who (like me) like their art a little more modern should head just to the south-west of the two grand old museums, to the "Museums-Quartier", where the "
" is located – the Museum of Modern Art. Its most dramatic exhibit is arguably the building itself, which is made from stark grey volcanic rock slabs. The view from the outside is free … admission to the inside is 9 EUR (6 EUR for students up to the age of 27).
Vienna is also chock-full of
quirky small museums,
unusual little gems way off the tourist mainstream, without necessarily being dark at the same time. But if you fancy bizarre things such as a marzipan museum, a clock museum, a museum of fake art, even a brick museum (sic!), then Vienna has so much more to offer the open-minded visitor. There is even, believe it or not (well, do!) an Esperanto Museum – the world's only such museum entirely devoted to this and other artificial languages (they even offer a crash course in Klingon!).
Vienna 01 - cityscape
Vienna 02a - Hrdlicka anti-war memorial
Vienna 02b - Hrdlicka anti-war memorial
Vienna 03 - Hrdlicka anti-war memorial
Vienna 04 - Hrdlicka anti-war memorial
Vienna 05 - Morzinplatz
Vienna 05b - fountain and Soviet War Meorial
Vienna 05c - Soviet War Memorial
Vienna 06 - Holocaust memorial on Judenplatz
Vienna 07 - Stolpersteine
Vienna 08 - 2nd district memorial
Vienna 08b - keys monument
Vienna 09 - Stalin plaque
Vienna 10 - Blood Alley
Vienna 10b - Nazi resistance symbol on the cathedral
Vienna 11 - National Day on Heldenplatz
Vienna 11b - palace and artillery
Vienna 12 - Neue Burg at Heldenplatz
Vienna 13 - that infamous balcony from which Hitler proclaimed the Anschluss
Vienna 14 - do not climb up - if only Hitler could have obeyed
Vienna 15 - Hofburg and high horse
Vienna 16 - Hofburg and howitzer
Vienna 17 - Hofburg and dolphin
Vienna 18 - hangin high over the Hofburg
Vienna 19 - crossing lines
Vienna 20 - army held in high esteem
Vienna 21 - Heldentor
Vienna 22 - gun, rider and city hall
Vienna 22b - old street in the 1st district
Vienna 22c - cobbled alleyway
Vienna 23 - Hofburg at Michaelerplatz
Vienna 23b - classic view of the Michaelertor
Vienna 23c - courtyard with Fiaker
Vienna 23d - eagle over the city
Vienna 24 - Schönbrunn palace
Vienna 24b - Schönbrunn in winter
Vienna 24c - Gloriette
Vienna 25 - St Stephen cathedral
Vienna 26 - reflections on Haas-Haus
Vienna 26b - Imperial cathedral roof tiling
Vienna 26c - view down from the cathedral tower
Vienna 26d - Karlskirche
Vienna 26e - brutalist church
Vienna 27 - Steinhof church detail
Vienna 27b - Hundertwasserhaus
Vienna 27c - Hunderttwasser incinerator
Vienna 27d - rocking out at the Belvedere
Vienna 28 - vineyards
Vienna 29 - Heuriger
Vienna 30 - view over vineyards and city
Vienna 31 - Wienerwald in autumn
Vienna 32 - Autumn Wienerwald
Vienna 33 - Wienerwald
Vienna 33b - the Danube, almost blue
Vienna 34 - Hofburg by night
Vienna 34b - Michealertor by night
Vienna 34c - Xmas deco on Graben
Vienna 34d - Xmas market in front of the city hall
Vienna 35 - New Year fireworks over Prater ferris wheel
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Skateboarding Santa Dog Is Here to Save Christmas
Does it seem like no matter how much cognac you put in your eggnog, you just can't seem to get into the Christmas spirit? Maybe you should try watching this video. It's significantly more cute, with and causes zero hangover. We just want to thank the random stranger in Japan who decided to dress their dog up like Santa, give him a skateboard, and then film it. Whoever you are, you're a true Christmas hero.


text:
In 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto published the Bitcoin white paper, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Cash Payment System. Bitcoin has grown for ten years, from a value of 0 to a market value of 200 billion US dollars. Much of this is supported by investment and asset value storage, and Mr. Nakamoto's hopes for a peer-to-peer cash payment system have not materialized. Bitcoin and other digital currencies supported by the usage of investment only rely on centralized exchange in the secondary market trading, which is even more contrary to the original intention of Nakamoto.
Is digital currency just the same investment hype tool as gold, without extensive practical value? Is the idea of Nakamoto's peer-to-peer electronic cash payment system just a dream? What is the gap between the broad investment value of consensus to the broad practical value of consensus?
Most of the cryptocurrency including Bitcoin has a low TPS and high gas fee, which is the main disadvantage. The real-life scenario of this drawback can be described as: consumers purchase a pizza worth $20 in Bitcoin need to wait 15 minutes for confirmation and pay an additional $3 fee. The time cost and transaction friction cost of such a payment process are obviously unacceptable for both parties.
Such high transaction costs may be reluctantly accepted by both parties in the process of large-volume low-frequency trading. However, after the completion of transaction, the payee of the transaction will immediately face the dilemma of digital currency price fluctuations and the difficulty of free exchange to legal currency. This dilemma can be described as: after a $500,000 property transaction was completed by Bitcoin, the original landlord received about 5 Bitcoins, and at this moment Bitcoin unfortunately plunged 5%. To minimize loss, the original landlord exchanged Bitcoin for US dollars through the complicated transaction process at the fastest speed. Even if it took only 10 minutes, Bitcoin unfortunately plunged 5% in the 10 minutes. Unfortunately, the landlord lost $50,000 in the payment process. Such risk of value changes is clearly difficult to apply to most large-volume trading scenarios.
From this point of view, the practical value of digital currency has been very narrow. Furthermore, digital currency still lacks the promotion provided by professional payment service agencies, which left them face the difficulty to spread quickly to both consumer and companies.
Faced with so many pain points in use, is Bitcoin only the gold of the digital world?
However, unlike gold, which has unchangeable physical properties, digital currency is a product of computer science that is constantly revolutionizing. Blockchain technology has undergone tremendous upgrades in the past three years, from smart contracts to DPoS consensus, from the first generation of low-performance public chain to the third-generation high-performance public chain. The type of digital currencies, network performance, consensus mechanisms, has realized huge breakthroughs. With the number of digital currency holders significantly increasing, many world's top enterprises and financial giants have gradually entered the blockchain industry in the past year. The entire industry has already had the technological breakthrough opportunity once again from quantitative change to qualitative change.
At another turning point in the industry, returning to the initial vision of Nakamoto's peer-to-peer electronic cash payment system is still a huge business opportunity to be seized.
In September 2019, MarcoPolo Network, a project led by SB and WX, officially released a white paper. The project once again embraced Satoshi Nakamoto's vision of building a peer-to-peer digital cash payment infrastructure with widespread availability. In order to achieve this vision, MarcoPolo Network summarized the achievements and experience of blockchain industry development in recent years, and made in-depth planning in all aspects including the implementation path of underlying technology, openness of consensus mechanism, expansion incentive of user consensus, business support, decentralized governance and so on.
On the technical path, MarcoPolo Network aims to create an interoperable and TPS sharing mechanism across the whole blockchain world, connecting the cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum with strong consensus basis, the stable currency anchored by legal coin value, and the emerging high-performance public chain infrastructure with interoperable network. It will also achieve a point-to-point e-cash system infrastructure that covers the entire encrypted world, with unlimited TPS capacity expansion, ultra-fast validation, state programmable, near-zero transaction costs, low fluctuations to the token's price in the payment process, and complete replacement of centralized e-cash systems.
In other words, in both BTC and ETH, transfers will be confirmed in seconds or even milliseconds with a close to zero gas fee on the MarcoPolo Network.
MarcoPolo Network has many technological innovations.
The innovative APoS consensus mechanism is adopted, which technically supports that any asset can participate in the calculation of the pledged block. APoS committee communicates and consents through HotStuff protocol. In order to share computing power and performance between each public chain and integrate the resources of each public chain, we designed a set of communication scheduling protocol — Magellan protocol. The Magellan Protocol is a set of protocols built on multiple chains, through which computing power and performance can be shared across all networks to achieve TPS expansion. In the whole network, MarcoPolo Network is responsible for the overall scheduling as a Standard Chain, while a series of Interact Chains are in charge of interactions with other public chains. Standard Chain dynamically allocates transactions and tasks to the chain that will execute these missions according to the load of each connected mainnet.
Each Interact Chain is populated by its ApoS consensus on the chain, and the ApoS assets supported by each Interact Chain can be different. Interact Chain natively supports communication with the Standard Chain, and through a defined set of standard IBC communication interfaces, the Standard Chain completes task assignment.
Remote calls with other public chains are the key to achieve resource sharing among multiple chains. Interact Chain is invoked through the encapsulated bRPC (block chain remote procedure call) architecture.
bRPC is an RPC service architecture for blockchains. Each public chain is abstracted into a single node, and the call to the chain is also a remote procedure call. The RPC request is made through the ClientStub on the Interact Chain and processed by the ServerStub on the corresponding public chain which also send the final result. The entire transaction call process does not need to mind the underlying details and can be completed like a normal transaction.
At present, the address system of the mainstream blockchain adopts the ecdsa signature algorithm, and secp256k1 and ed25519 are the most commonly used elliptic curves. The MarcoPolo Network account system supports multiple addresses and supports the addresses of the two signature algorithms secp256k1 and ed25519 in each account.
In addition, the MarcoPolo Network supports multi-currency in technical solutions and only supports currency-based smart contracts.
Different from other public chains, which focus on the consensus incentives for computing power, a large proportion of the initial circulation of the MarcoPolo main network token MAP is used to subsidize the development of commercial applications. It was also invested in the incentive pool of the PoB community co-construction mechanism to encourage developers who make contributions to the R&D of MAP's underlying technology. All the incentives will be implemented through on-chain governance, to achieve the full range of open co-construction of computing node, application ecology, developer community and user community.
MarcoPolo Network has developed a plan for the next few years regarding the research and development of main network. Different from other star blockchain projects that only focus on R&D for many years in the early stage, MarcoPolo project has completed the R&D of the light interoperability module – Gravity before the release of the project. Based on this component, the peer-to-peer retail payment application MarcoPolo Pay is planned to launch in Q4 in 2019. It is reported that nearly 10,000 merchants around the world are interested in accessing the payment app, which will be launched soon.
MarcoPolo Network have received investment from institutions and top investment firms. MarcoPolo Network will be the only star project that combines research in cutting-edge technology and development of large-scale applications. It is really hopeful to carry the great aspiration of Satoshi Nakamoto 10 years ago and lead the whole industry to turn upward again.
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Sara Nelson picks the summer's beach-reading musts, including a long-awaited Pat Conroy novel, the tale of Facebook's creators, and a celebrity drunkalog with juicy anecdotes about not sleeping with Frank Sinatra.
And... they're off. Just as Memorial Day announces the start of summer, so, too, do readers begin packing vacation bags with novels, stories, and biographies to read from now through August. Here's a baker's-dozen list of the must-reads, the great reads—and the slightly offbeat titles you might not yet have thought of, but will likely be hearing a lot more about.
The Girl Who Played with Fireby Stieg Larsson
In an American mystery writer's hands, this novel—the second in a trilogy that began with The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo—might read like a Law & Order episode. But the late Swedish journalist-turned-novelist's brooding tone and the fantastically odd bisexual geek heroine Lisbeth Sander make this everything the folks at Knopf have been crowing that it is: riveting, unputdownable, a sure bestseller.
The Accidental Billionaires by Ben Mezrich
Lucky for the hundreds of millions of Facebook devotees that Mark Zuckerberg's parents apparently never made him shut off his computer. Zuckerberg, an unpopular nerd at Harvard, invented the social-networking site one night in his dorm room, becoming, by age 25, a billionaire several times over. The author of the bestselling Bringing Down the House chronicles that success—and the relationships it both created and destroyed.
The Invisible Mountainby Carolina de Robertis
This debut about three generations of strong women in late 20th-century Uruguay is the brainiest dynastic novel in years. A high-end, Euro Danielle Steel story full of sex, politics and family—with just a little bit of magical realism to give literary heft to the whole delightful concoction.
Satchel by Larry Tye
Woody Allen named one of his children for the "majestic and enigmatic" pitcher born Leroy Paige in pre-civil-rights Alabama. (The nickname comes from his work as a railroad porter.) Well-known for his remark about age—"If you don't mind, it don't matter"—Paige emerges here as a child of a washerwoman who developed his pitch in reform school and went on (at age 42!) to lead the Cleveland Indians to the World Series.
The Bolter by Frances Osborne
The author is the great granddaughter of Idina Sackville, a Jazz Age femme fatale who flouted convention by doing exactly as she pleased, the woman some say inspired the character of "the Bolter" in Nancy Mitford's The Pursuit of Love. Through diaries, letters, and countless interviews, Osborne recreates her ancestor's life and loves, from England to Kenya and back again.
The Slippery Year by Melanie Gideon
Forty-four years old, married with children, satisfying work and social circle—and still, the author of this memoir wonders "Is that all there is?" It's hard to pull off a book like this without sounding whiny and overprivileged, but Gideon is a good enough writer to make even some male readers we know understand (maybe for the first time) at least a little bit about what women want.
Lies My Mother Never Told Me by Kaylie Jones
The perfect 20th-century hybrid—the drunkalog/celebrity autobio—by the daughter of iconic author James ( From Here to Eternity) Jones is a cut above the rest, thanks to Jones' dry wit and some fantastic literary anecdotes about not sleeping with Frank Sinatra, and what to do when your famous late father's famous best friend propositions you when you're barely 20.
Between the Assassinations by Aravind Adiga
The stories in his collection—written before his Man Booker-winning debut The White Tiger—again exhibit the author's characteristic subversive sensibility and pointed prose and again address the power, corruption, and seething despair among India's underclass.
My Judy Garland Life by Susie Boyt
In the tradition of the celebrity-obsession memoir— think What Would Jackie Do?—this debut from a Financial Times fashion writer and great-granddaughter of Sigmund Freud (!) is a cross between a fan's notes and a heartfelt story of a lonely British girl who found more love and inspiration in one movie star (and the clothes she wore) than in anyone closer to home.
Queen Takes King by Gigi Levangie Grazier
Can the über-ex-Hollywood-wife do it again? Will Debra Messing be involved in the TV version? These are the questions fans of The Starter Wife and Maneater will want to know about a novel about a high-flying New York real-estate executive whose divorce will "trump" even the more scandalous ones we've seen in real life.
Wildflower: An Extraordinary Life and Untimely Death in Africa by Mark Seal
The Vanity Fair contributing editor pens his own White Mischief with this tale of the conservationist Joan Root. While Root came to prominence as a wildlife filmmaker in Africa with her husband Alan, her story really began after their divorce—and was soon cut short by her shocking murder.
Israel Is Real by Rich Cohen
Iconoclastic and provocative (as would be expected from the author of Tough Jews), Cohen's book is about the people and politics that have shaped the young nation. Part history, part polemic, and all original, it is hard to categorize politically, which may be why readers will be arguing about it for years to come.
South of Broad by Pat Conroy
Save this novel from the author of The Prince of Tides for an end-of-summer beach weekend, whether or not you're anywhere near Charleston, South Carolina, the author's hometown. That stately place is as much a character in this novel as the flawed, sexy, melodramatic Conrovian characters millions of readers have been longing to meet again.
Plus: Check out Book Beast, for more news on hot titles and authors and excerpts from the latest books.
Sara Nelson is a critic for The Daily Beast and the former editor in chief of Publishers Weekly. She is the author of the bestselling So Many Books, So Little Time.


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Cariad is a creative Bootstrap theme with a full width design and lots of useful features, such as an optional animated typing effect, custom blocks and templates. The theme comes with sample content, documentation, and many customisation options from the dashboard.
- Responsive design. Your website will look good on a mobile, tablet or computer.
- Responsive bootstrap menu. The menu is a two-level Bootstrap fixed menu.
- Sample Content. Quickly create your website with our sample content.
- Custom templates. Custom templates for portfolios and blogs.
- Custom blocks, including an Accordion and a Button block.
- Custom classes
- Support for animations. Includes Wow.js animations!
- Easily add an animated typing effect
- Retina ready
- Support for responsive videos
- 7 colour presets. Easily change your theme colours with one of our 7 presets: aqua, blue, green, orange-pink, pink, purple and red.
- Lots of colour customisation options available in the design panel.
- Built using Bootstrap v3.3
- Multiple page templates
- User guide - step by step instructions included as a PDF in the Cariad package folder.


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Pressure Wash Long Island
Long Island's Premiere Pressure Washing & Exterior Cleaning
Pressure Wash Long Island is a family-owned business located in Hicksville, New York. We offer professional and high-quality exterior cleaning services for residential and commercial properties. Our services include house washing and gutter cleaning, concrete cleaning sidewalk cleaning driveway cleaning pool deck cleaning window washing paver cleaning paver sealing
Pressure Wash Long Island Exterior Cleaning offers professional soft washing using state-of the-art equipment. Too much pressure will not cause damage.
Every employee is trained and certified by our program.
Proud Member of the PWMCA
Applebee's Grill + Bar, Arthur Manor, Bagel Boss Hicksville, Bellerose Manor, Bellerose Terrace, Bensonhurst, Biltmore Shores, Broadway Commons, Brooklyn Neighborhood Imprvmnt, Burns Avenue Elementary School


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So I want to make a for loop for a tree map to get the highest number right now I have:
public void findRichestInList() { bank = new TreeMap<String, Integer>(); bank.put("Dave",139); bank.put("Mary",99); for(....... }
I am not sure how to write the loop to check each record.
How would I do this?
Also would it be easier to use a hashMap instead of a treemap?


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Lagos de Moreno, Mexico
Lagos de Moreno was founded in 1563 and has a population of about 155,000 residents. It is located in central Mexico in the northern part of Jalisco. The town is a historical home to many writers, artists and poets. The town features many lovely buildings with intricate architecture. A late summer festival draws people into the heart of the city for outdoor celebration.
In October of 1969 a relationship began with Brea's original Sister City. Since that time, many cross-border visits have been missions that were both social and service-oriented. Delegations from Brea have been treated to many memorable, personal trips reflecting the best of Mexican hospitality. In turn, a series of summer visits to Brea have often brought Lagos de Moreno residents here to share Brea's traditional Country Fair celebration, as well as a number of other Southern California highlights.
A shared-use park at Laurel school on the southeast corner of Birch and Flower is named for Lagos de Moreno. In addition, several treasured pieces in Brea's Art in Public Places program, including the high school Wildcat mascot, were created by Lagos artist Carlos Terres. He and his family lived for a time in Brea as an "artist in residence" while teaching and sculpting.
Enjoy some scenes from Lagos de Moreno.


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So I'm finally rolling a realm full of Alliance characters. Dropped a massive $55.00 (ouch!) on the realm/faction transfer for one of my characters that I was planning on throwing away with some gold and a few sets of heirloom items.
As I don't care for the look of a lot of the heirloom items, I'm trying to transmogrify them ASAP with better looking items (subjective, of course).
That being said, the questline out in Stonetalon Mountains on the Horde side of the house has this lovely NPC that you can buy rep items for as you grind up your rank in the Krom'gar Army.
Is there any Alliance equivalent in any zone? Or am I outta luck on this one?
(Yes, I realize that I can simply buy similar looking items to the ones he sells, but I'm just trying to figure out if there's a similar quest chain on the Alliance side).
Thank you.


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Despite increased adoption, many of the SOA projects are still failing. Things are often getting so bad - there was a recent article with a catchy name SOA or DOA, where DOA stands for "Dead on Arrival". One of the ways to improve this situation is proper proper SOA governance
Rescent Muhammed Yaseen Muriankara' article - SOA governance framework and solution architecture defines 3 basic level of governance. Enterprise governance is
establishing chains of responsibility, authority, and communication to empower people and establishing measurement, policy and control mechanisms to enable people to carry out their roles and responsibilities
The subset of the enterprise governance is IT governance
aspects of governance that pertain to an organization's information technology processes and the way those processes support the goals of the business
Finally SOA governance is defined as
a specialization of IT governance that puts key IT governance decisions within the context of the life cycle of service components, services, and business processes. It is the effective management of this life cycle that is the key goal to SOA governance
The article presents methodology and model for adopting SOA governance from IBM which is called the SOA Governance and Management Method (SGMM). The methodology documented using IBM Rational® Method Composer and is available for download.
. SGMM is build around service lifecycle and covers the following:
Service definition
The most fundamental aspect of SOA governance is overseeing the creation of services. Services must be identified, their functionality described, their behavior scoped, and their interfaces designed.
Service testing
SOA increases the opportunity to test functionality in isolation and increases the expectation that it works as intended. However, SOA also introduces the opportunity to retest the same functionality repeatedly by each new consumer who doesn't necessarily trust that the services it uses are consistently working properly. Meanwhile, because composite applications share services, a single buggy service can adversely affect a range of seemingly unrelated applications, magnifying the consequences of those programming mistakes.
Service deployment life cycle
Services don't come into being instantaneously and then exist forever. Like any software, they need to be planned, designed, implemented, deployed, maintained, and ultimately, decommissioned. The application life cycle can be public and affect many parts of an organization, but a service's life cycle can have even greater impact because multiple applications can depend on a single service.
Service versioning
Service versioning enables users satisfied with an existing service to continue using it unchanged yet allows the service to evolve to meet the needs of users with new requirements. The current service interface and behavior is preserved as one version, while the newer service is introduced as another version.
Service ownership
An SOA should reflect its business. Usually this means changing the SOA to fit the business, but in some cases, it may be necessary to change the business to match the SOA. When this is not possible, increased levels of cooperation are needed between multiple departments to share the burden of developing common services. This cooperation can be achieved by a cross-organizational standing committee that, in effect, owns the services and manages them.
Service security
SOA creates services that are easily reusable, even by consumers who ought not to reuse them. Even among authorized users, not all users should have access to all data the service has access to. Some consumers of a service have greater needs than other consumers of the same service for data confidentiality, integrity, and nonrepudiation.
Service monitoring
A composite application, one that combines multiple services, is only as reliable as the services it depends on. Since multiple composite applications can share a service, a single service failure can affect many applications. SLAs must be defined to describe the reliability and performance consumers can depend on. Service providers must be monitored to ensure that they're meeting their defined SLAs.
An article describes not only a methodology for SOA governance, but also a set of tools (Governance platform), allowing to support and automate, at least partially, many of the governance processes.
Some of the minimum required automation capabilities for a startup project include:
- A centralized registry and repository to find and publish the service related artifacts and metadata. This is necessary to:
- Find the right authorized service.
- Avoid duplication of effort.
- Encourage reuse.
- Identify the current state of service in the SOA life cycle.
- Provide visibility to subscribers of the services.
- Find related services and the impact of changing a service.
- Communicate changes done to the service.
- A mechanism to relate and enforce policies applicable for a service. The policies are defined by using the governance framework.
- A customizable life cycle-aware system that triggers validations on the change of phase within the life cycle so that phase-by-phase governance validations can be automated.
- The registry should ideally be SOA run time optimized so that the metadata stored in the registry can be used to provide enrichment via dynamic routing during run time.
The article itself and a list of references are a good read for everyone involved in SOA implementation and more specifically in the SOA governance.