text:
You've just got your shiny new iPad or Galaxy S and you want to use it for work. How is the IT department going to react?
Probably by rolling their eyes, then fossicking online for a how-to guide, because after all, you're the boss.
"The pressure is coming from executives. They are likely to have these devices, they see how they can use them and they benefit their style of working," says Ullrich Loeffler, national manager of research firm IDC.
He says BYOD (bring your own device) is very much a top-of-the-mind issue for bosses.
At the end of 2010, 13 per cent of New Zealand households reported having a smartphone or tablet. By the end of 2011 it was 44 per cent and climbing.
"There are all these devices out there and they are coming in to work," Loeffler says.
That raises hard questions about the processes to hook them into the network, security, and who pays.
"A lot of staff see what they can do in the consumer world and see they could get increased productivity so they are looking for it, but they want the company to pay," he says.
"Companies may be looking at BYOD as offering a chance for lower capital expenditure, but what we have seen through the region is there is not many cost savings - there may be increased productivity and employee satisfaction, but there are also hidden support costs in integration and management.
"It means IT shops have to be across diverse operating systems, they may need to set new policies and understand mobile information management."
What if somebody uses their own device to access company information then accidentally or deliberately wipes it? Where is the liability? Say they lose the device or quit - what happens to the copy of the marketing database?
What happens three years down the track if there's an audit or legal claim requiring the organisation to produce all communications - can people be compelled to cough up from their private device?
"It's similar to the discussions about access to the internet, such as should you give employees access to Trade Me?" Loeffler says.
It may be possible to partition such devices to separate corporate data behind extra password protection, but that may affect the user experience to the extent they stop using it or look for workarounds.
"It comes down to organisations being prepared to determine the level of risk they put up with," Loeffler says.
"There is also the impact on the network. If every employee has three devices; their pad, their phone and their desktop or laptop - that's potentially a lot of overhead, especially for wireless."
Tablets and smartphones are more about consuming information rather than creating it, so the desktop is not likely to go away.
BYOD is closely linked with cloud, the idea of making applications available anywhere from any device.
Matt Lythe from Eagle Technology, which hosts geographic information systems apps in a cloud environment at IBM's Highbrook data centre, says he's noticed a trend for users to access them on consumer devices rather than the specialised laptops or pads that geologists or lines engineers would have used in the past.
Andrew Fox, IBM New Zealand's global technology manager, says while every extra device adds to an organisation's security perimeter, many of the problems have already been solved as part of the shift to desktop virtualisation, where all data is on the network already.
"All you are doing in the device is creating a portal, which is reasonably low risk. If you crash, you just lose a window into the system."
Aaron McDonal from Gen-I has warned about the hidden costs of BYOD.
In a recent blog posting, he said while firms may think they're saving the $1000 price tag, two thirds of the cost of having a device on a network lies in providing the networks, applications and back-end support, with end-user support up to a third.


text:
The Trial of Leo Frank: An Account
by Douglas O. Linder (2008) The National Pencil factory, site of the murder of Mary Phagan The discovery
of the body of a
thirteen-year-old girl in the basement of an The
Murder that Shocked Around 3 a.m.
on April 27,
1913, Newt Lee, the night watchman for the National Pencil Factory,
carried a
lantern with him to the factory basement to help him light his way to
"Negro toilet." When his light fell upon a prone human form,
Lee called The Trial of Leo Frank As the July 28 date for the opening of the
Frank trial
approached, The Prosecution
Fannie Coleman, the mother of Mary,
testified as the prosecution's
witness. She told jurors that her daughter rose about 11:00 on
had a breakfast of cabbage and bread, and left home for the pencil
"about a quarter to 12:00." The witness hid tears behind a
large palm-leaf fan as she identified the blood-stained clothes worn by
Mary on
the day she last saw her. Fifteen-year-old
George Epps followed Coleman to the
stand. Epps
testified that on the day of the murder he rode the streetcar with
to a
stop near the pencil factory, where she disembarked at 12:07. Prosecutor Dorsey and defense attorney
Rosser fought each
other to a rough draw over the several detectives who took the stand. Dorsey elicited testimony that supported his
theory of the crime. He got officers to
describe where Frank might have obtained a cord such as the one found
Mary's neck and how Frank might have bolted the second-floor area in
which the
murder might have taken place. He secured testimony concerning red
presumably blood, found on the second-floor near the alleged murder
site. He found a witness to report that
wife had said her husband had downed whiskey on the night following the
crime. For his part, Rosser managed to
raise doubts that the red spots were in fact blood, got detectives to
concede that the basement
door was
crowbarred (suggesting the crime took place in the basement, not the
second floor),
and produced testimony that a cord similar to that found on Mary
could be
found at many places in the building. Rosser, however, blew a great chance to
explode the
prosecution's theory of the murder. Rosser argued that Frank and
Conley took Mary's
body down
the elevator shaft to the basement, and then dumped it in a corner. The opportunity to challenge the theory came
when detective Boots
Rogers testified what happened when they traveled down the elevator to
their investigation: "When we went down on the elevator, the elevator
[human excrement]. You could smell it
all around. It looked like the ordinary
healthy man's excrement." In his
statement to police, Jim Conley admitted depositing the excrement in
the shaft—before the time of the murder.
Thus, if Rosser had been on his game, he
might have observed that the elevator, which always touches the bottom
of the
shaft, could not have been used to carry Mary's body if Conley's
time line was
accurate. But the moment passed. Dr. Henry Harris, the doctor who conducted
the autopsy of
Pagan, identified strangulation as the cause of death "beyond a doubt." He also concluded from nearly intact cabbage
found inside the girl's stomach that Mary was killed only 30 to 45
minutes after
finishing her late breakfast at home. Harris
also testified that "an injury had been made in the
vagina some
little time before death." He also
claimed to have found "evidence of violence in the neighborhood of the
hymen." (However, another prosecution doctor on cross-examination
said he "saw no indication of injury to the hymen.") The most eagerly anticipated prosecution
witness, the witness upon which the whole case ultimately hinged, was
Jim Conley. On the morning of his testimony, a quarter-mile long
line of would-be spectators stretched from the courthouse to the state
capitol. Conley,
usually a man of shabby clothes and
filthy appearance, wore new clothes and sported a neatly combed fresh
as he walked to the witness stand. Dorsey began his
examination: "Do you know Leo Frank?" A rapt courtroom listened as Conley told his tale of the last hours of Mary Phagan's life. Conley testified that Frank told him that a girl would be coming by for "a chat" and that he should listen for the superintendent's foot stomp, which would be his signal to lock the front door. When he heard Frank whistle, he was to unlock the door. Conley told jurors that sometime after Mary arrived and went upstairs, he heard a scream coming from the direction of the metal room. Conley claimed to have then fallen asleep, to be woken by Frank's stomping foot. Later, after hearing a whistle, Conley said he went up to Frank's office where he found "Mr. Frank standing up there at the top of the step and shivering and trembling and rubbing his hands." Conley said his boss "had a little rope in his hands" and "right funny" large eyes. According to Conley, Frank said: Mary Phagan was dead. Conley
claimed Frank said "there would be money in it for
me" if he
helped dispose of the body. He claimed
to have rolled the girl up in cloth and, with Frank's help, took the
body to
the basement by way of the elevator. The
murder notes were Frank's idea, Conley testified. "Frank
dictated the notes to me," Conley
claimed. He testified that Frank looked
to the ceiling and said, "Why should I hang? I
have wealthy friends in Conley testified that Mary Phagan was not
the first female he had known Frank to approach sexually: "I had seen...a
lady in his office, and she was sitting down in a chair and she had her
clothes up to here, and he was down on his knees, and she had her hands
on Mr. Frank. I have seen him another time there in the packing
room with a young lady lying on the table..." Over three days
and for sixteen hours, the defense hammered away at Conley. They
succeeded in getting Conley to admit they he had lied several times to
investigators and demonstrated that his memory, except for events
specifically asked about by the prosecutor, was exceptionally
poor. Still, however, for all of Luther Rosser's assumed prowess
as a master cross-examiner, Conley remained unshaken when it came to
the key parts of his testimony. The Defense The defense had
several goals. First, they hoped to cast serious doubt on the
prosecution's time line and show that Frank had no opportunity to
the murder at the time Conley said he did. Second, the defense
planned to produce a series of character witnesses who, it hoped, would
convince the jury that Leo Frank was not the type of man to assault a
thirteen-year-old worker at his plant. Third, it hoped that by
putting Frank himself on the stand they could present a more plausible
account for Phagan's murder, laying the deed squarely on Frank's
principal accuser, Jim Conley. Collectively, the
defense's time line witnesses managed to account for all but about
eighteen minutes (from 12:02 to 12:20) of the period of time in which
the Phagan murder had to have taken place. Witnesses directly
contradicted Conley's account by placing Frank at his home around 1:30
on the day of the murder. Over one hundred
defense witnesses either attested to Frank's good behavior or Conley's
bad behavior. Nearly twenty witnesses testified that Conley had a
reputation for lying. The prosecution's attempted to undercut the
defense effort by posing questions so outrageous that even if met with
a firm denial by the witness (as they almost always were) they might
damage Frank's reputation. For example, Dorsey asked one witness
if he'd ever heard of Frank taking a young girl to a park, setting her
on his lap, and "playing with her"? (This question prompted an
outraged Lucille Frank to rise and defend her husband, shouting at the
prosecutor: "No, nor you either--you dog!") Another witness was
asked whether he had heard stories of Frank "playing with
nipples." Dorsey also hinted through his questions on
cross-examination that Frank was a homosexual, such as when the
prosecutor inquired of a young office boy whether Frank had made
improper sexual advances toward him. On August 18, 1913, a pale Leo Frank, with hands clasped, began four hours of testimony that included a personal history and explanation of his supervisory duties at the pencil factory. On the day of the murder, Frank said, he checked a large number of invoices to ensure their accuracy. He was so occupied when Mary Phagan visited his office to collect her pay envelope. Frank told jurors that at the time, he didn't even know her name: "I only recognized this little girl from having seen her around the plant." Phagan took her paycheck and left his office. Frank told jurors that he never saw Mary alive again. He admitted to being "completely unstrung" by the discovery of the body. He said the sight of "that little girl on the dawn of womanhood so cruelly murdered" was "a scene that would have melted stone." Frank called Conley's testimony "a tissue of lies from first to last" and said the story of women coming to him "for immoral purposes is a base lie." He finished his testimony with the words, "I have told you the truth, the whole truth." Closing Arguments and
the Verdict
While Frank settled into his cell at the Fulton County Tower, his
lawyers prepared a motion listing 115 reasons he was entitled to a new
trial. The reasons included Judge Roan's decision to leave Jim
Conley's explicit sexual testimony in the record and the alleged
pre-trial bias of two of the jurors. One of the jurors, buggy
salesman Atticus Henslee, was quoted as telling fellow members of the
Atlanta Elks Club, two days after the indictment against Frank was
returned by the grand jury, "I'm glad they indicted the goddamn
Jew. They ought to take him out and lynch him, and if I get on
that jury I'll hang that Jew for sure." (The prosecution later
countered the defense statement concerning juror Henslee with
surprising statements by fellow jurors that Henslee was the lone
hold-out for Frank on the first ballot.) The defense motion also
focused on the murder notes which Reuben Arnold described, in arguments
on the motion before Judge Roan, as "negro notes from beginning to
end." Arnold argued that it would make no sense for Frank to have
ordered the notes written since, according to Conley, he had also told
Conley to burn the body in the basement furnace to prevent its
discovery. Arnold concluded his argument with the words, "As God
is in the heavens above, I believe that in yonder cell rests an
innocent man." Roan rejected the defense motion, but he added an
unusual personal statement. Roan said: "Gentlemen, I have thought
about this case more than any other I have ever tried. I am not
certain of this man's guilt...But I do not have to be convinced.
The jury was convinced."Rebuttal
witnesses for the prosecution testified that Frank
had a reputation for lasciviousness. Time
and time again, Dorsey asked a parade of female
former employees at
the pencil factory to assess Frank's reputation concerning "his
attitude toward
women," and witness after witness replied, "bad." Most
damaging, sixteen-year-old Dewey Hall
told jurors that she saw Frank talking to Mary Phagan "sometimes two or
times a day" and that she also saw him "put his hand on her shoulder." Another witness reported seeing Frank and a
female worker slip into a dressing room and "stay in there fifteen to
minutes." None of what the many female
witnesses had to say concerned the day of Mary Phagan's murder, but
they left
little doubt in jurors' minds that Frank was hardly a picture of moral
In his closing argument for the prosecution, Frank Hooper called Frank a "Dr. Jekyll" who, "when the shades of night come, throws aside his mask of respectability and is transformed into a Mr. Hyde." He told jurors to secure justice for young Mary Phagan who "went blithely to get her $1.20…not knowing the horrible death that awaited her." Hooper employed the region's racial stereotyping to his advantage, arguing "You know these negroes" and suggesting the thought that Jim "would have written those notes by himself is absurd." Defense attorney Reuben Arnold argued that
Frank was a
victim of rampant anti-Semitism. Frank's
great misfortune in this case, Turning to the prosecution's evidence, Luther Rosser followed his defense colleague with an even more venomous, and undeniably racist, attack on the prosecution's chief witness. Rosser told jurors: "Conley is a plain, beastly, drunken, filthy, lying nigger with a spreading nose through which probably tons of cocaine have probably been sniffed." The prosecution tutored Conley and tried to "make him look like a respectable negro," but the jurors shouldn't allow themselves to be fooled by "a trained parrot." He concluded by telling jurors that if they believed Jim Conley "it will be a shame on this great city." Hugh Dorsey, for the state of The jury, balloting twice, deliberated less than two hours. Asked by Judge Roan whether the jury had reached a verdict, jury foreman Fred Wilburn replied: "We have, your honor. We have found the defendant guilty." People leaving the courtroom were greeted by
an astonishing
spectacle. For blocks around, cheering
people filled the streets of The next day, Judge Roan pronounced sentence. He ordered that on October 10, 1913, Leo Frank "be hanged by the neck until he shall be dead, and may God have mercy on his soul." New Evidence and Appeals
On February 17, 1914, the Supreme Court of Georgia, in a 142-page decision, rejected Frank's appeal by a 4 to 2 vote. The two dissenters concluded that Conley's testimony about Frank's sexual encounters was designed "to prejudice the defendant in the minds of the jurors and thereby deprive him of a fair trial." In the weeks after the bad news from the Georgia's Supreme Court, Frank took heart from developments that pointed towards his eventual vindication. First came word that the hair found near Frank's office which the prosecution claimed came from the head of Mary Phagan actually came from another girl. The doctor who performed the microscopic examination of hair specimens told reporters that he had informed the prosecution of his findings before the trial, but that Hugh Dorsey said "he would let the matter end there." Then came retractions. Nina Formby, who had in a May deposition said that Frank had called her seeking a room for a romantic liaison with a girl, admitted that no such call was ever made and claimed that two detectives had encouraged her to swear falsely. Young George Epps also said that he was urged by investigators to testify that Mary had told him that she was worried about Frank's sexual advances. Also strengthening the defense case was a statement by a pencil factory worker that Conley had attempted to sexually assault her, but that she managed to escape by jumping to the stairs "and running as fast as I could." At his March sentencing hearing, Frank confidently told the judge, "I am innocent of this crime and the future will prove it." Newspapers, previously silent on the question of Frank's guilt, began to take sides. The Atlanta Journal ran a headline, "Frank Should Have a New Trial." The New York Times crusaded for Frank's cause, running twenty-five articles on the case over the course of a month, including one headline that read: "Frank Convicted by Public Clamor." Meanwhile, Tom Watson, publisher of a populist (and popular) magazine campaigned non-stop for Frank's execution. Watson argued that Frank, the "decadent offshoot of a great people," was suggesting that he was getting special treatment "because of his race." While the debate over Frank's guilt or innocence intensified, Jim Conley was tried and convicted for his role as an aider and abettor in the Phagan murder. Conley received a one-year sentence. Based on the new evidence, the defense filed what was called in Georgia practice an extraordinary motion. The defense motion cited the recent wave of retractions, the revelation about the hair evidence, and an affidavit by Annie Maude Carter, who said that in return for her accepting his jailhouse offer of marriage, he confessed to murdering Mary Phagan. Carter said that Conley admitted to striking Mary with his fist, "knocking her down" and "dropping her through the [scuttle] hole" to the basement, and then hitting on a plan to lay the blame on the night watchman, Newt Lee. A statement by the pastor at the Plum Street Baptist Church was also included in the defense document. The pastor said that he had overheard Conley confess his crime to another man in an alley two nights after the murder. Unfortunately for the defense, the pastor later admitted that his statement was false and that he offered the statement because defense attorneys and investigators "were just handing money out." The fiasco with the pastor, and the resulting publicity concerning the techniques of defense investigators, doomed the defense's extraordinary motion. On appeal, the Georgia Supreme Court upheld the denial of a new trial. One dissenting justice found merit in the defense claim that the enforced absence of Frank from the courtroom at the announcement of his verdict (a move proposed by Judge Roan to protect the defendant's safety from the mob) violated Frank's right to due process of law. The defense's next step was to file for a writ of habeas corpus in federal court arguing that the prejudicial courtroom atmosphere and Judge Roan's exclusion of Frank from the courtroom violated the U. S. Constitution's Fourteenth Amendment. Following the expected rejection of the writ in federal district court in Georgia, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear the case. On April 19, 1915, the Supreme Court ruled that errors of law, such as cited by the defense in its brief, could not be reviewed by habeas corpus. Justice Oliver Wendell Homes and Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes dissented. The dissenters found "the presumption overwhelming that the jury responded to the passions of the mob." Holmes wrote that "Mob law does not become due process of law by securing the assent of a terrorized jury." Governor John M. Slaton, hung in effigy (above a sign reading "the King of the Jews") Commutation
and the Case's Tragic
After Georgia's Prison Commissioners voted 2 to 1 to refuse clemency, Frank's last hope lay with Georgia's soon-to-be-departing governor, John M. Slaton. The defense case for clemency was bolstered by the unusual admission by Jim Conley's own lawyer, William M. Smith, that his client had murdered Mary Phagan. Smith said that with his client convicted for a crime that he could not be re-tried, he now saw it as his duty to step forward and try to save an innocent life. Over 100,000 letters requesting commutation poured into the Georgia Governor's office. On the other hand, firebrand Tom Watson warned that if the decision of the jury and the courts were to be undone "there will almost inevitably be the bloodiest riot known in the history of the South." Privately, Watson let it be known to Slaton that he would throw his important support behind a Senate bid if only the governor would let Frank hang. Slaton, however, took his responsibilities seriously. He carefully reviewed the record and he considered a letter from Judge Roan asking him to rectify the mistake he had made in sentencing Frank to death. He paid special attention to Smith's statement concerning Conley's alleged confession and to Conley's murder notes. Finally, after completing his review, Slaton told his wife: "I may mean my death or worse, but I have ordered the sentence commuted." Before public announcement of his decision, Governor Slaton ordered Frank transported from the Atlanta jail to Georgia's prison farm at Milledgeville, where he believed Frank could be better protected. Slaton's order commuted Frank's sentence to life in prison. Privately, Slaton told friends that he believed Frank was innocent, and that once the public came around to the same conclusion, if would be safe for the next governor to grant Frank a full pardon. When the announcement of the commutation came, protesters demonstrated and burned Slaton in effigy. A dummy hanging in Phagan's hometown of Marrietta bore a sign: "John M. Slaton, King of the Jews and Georgia's Traitor Forever." A battalion of the state militia surrounding the governor's home fended off a stone and bottle-hurling mob. For four weeks, Frank worked on the prison farm, wrote letters, and dreamed of the freedom that he thought was now sure to come. "Right and justice," he wrote to a friend, would soon hold "complete sway." More immediate concerns soon pressed in when a fellow convict took a butcher knife to the throat of Frank as he slept on a cot. Quick work by prison doctors stopped the flow of blood from the seven-inch long slash wound and Frank, to the surprise of many, survived the attack. Frank declared his recovery "little short of miraculous" and saw it as sign that "the good Lord must have in store for me a brighter and happier day." Such was not to be. One month after the near fatal attack, on August 16, 1915, a mob of twenty-five men from Marietta stormed the prison farm at Milledgeville. The band included a clergyman, two former judges, and an ex-sheriff. Some men captured and handcuffed the prison's superintendent and warden while others overpowered the two guards on duty. The mob seized Frank and drove several hours through the night to a grove near Marietta. An effort was made to secure from Frank a confession, but the captive continued to protest his innocence to a degree that unnerved some of his captors. The lynching plot might even have been abandoned, several involved later reported, had the problem of driving Frank back to Milledgeville, in the face of a statewide manhunt, not been apparent. Several of the more determined lynchers took Frank to a large oak tree and placed a rope around his neck. Frank refused the offer of a last statement, but removed his wedding ring and asked that it be returned to his wife. The abductors hoisted Frank to the top of a table placed under the tree and then kicked the table out from underneath him. Later, hundreds of people would come to see Frank's suspended body and tear pieces of his nightshirt to save as souvenirs. The case spurred an interest in forming organizations. A short time after the lynching of Leo Frank, thirty-three members of the group that called itself the Knights of Mary Phagan gathered on a mountaintop near Atlanta and formed the new Ku Klux Klan of Georgia. Meanwhile, members of an outraged Jewish community met to create the Anti-Defamation League to combat anti-Semitism. The trial also helped catapult Hugh Dorsey to the Georgia governorship in 1916. |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
These chick starter kits may be the best source of protein in the entire grocery store—and that includes the meat aisle. Eggs are cost efficient, too. You get around seven grams of pure protein per egg—and a dozen cost you less than two bucks. Contrary to popular lore, eat the whole egg, with the yolk, not just the white, which has lower levels of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients.
Soy gets a bad rap. Drinking some regularly isn't going to make you grow man boobs, nor will it lower your testosterone to that of a little boy. Definitely limit the amount of overly processed soy foods you consume. But whole-food sources of soy, like soy, provide a quality source of protein and other nutrients like calcium, which will all help to do the body good.
Not only are they a fantastic source of healthy fats, minerals, and antioxidants, but nuts of all types also pack a hefty dose of protein. Toss a handful in stir-fries, snack on them solo, or make your own homemade trail mix: Aim for two-thirds cup of nuts to every one-third cup of dried fruit for a high-nutrient power meal.
Often called the "perfect grain," these small, nutty-tasting granules pack a walloping 12 grams of protein (per half cup, uncooked). Add that to the high levels of magnesium, fiber, folate, and other nutrients, and quinoa's a nutrition powerhouse. Try it as a side with your home-cooked meals, in place of another grain you're used to, like rice.
They're a cheap but decent source of amino acids (the building blocks of protein), and they're loaded with fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Because most nonmeat sources of protein don't have all the essential amino acids, it's usually a good idea to combine them with other foods. Try a dish of red beans and rice, for instance. Both the rice and beans lack several key amino acids, so putting the two together is a match made in nutrient heaven. And it tastes damn good, too.
Whole grains actually provide a fairly hefty shot of muscle-friendly protein, along with fiber and other nutrients. For a high-quality, easy-to-stomach breakfast, top your oats with walnuts, a cup of milk, and some fresh berries. In minutes, you'll create the kind of hearty breakfast that will get your biceps pumped and help you keep your energy levels high throughout the day.
Article originally published in Men's Fitness, written by Christopher R. Mohr, Ph.D., R.D.


text:
18 Nights | COLORFUL CARIBBEAN
About Miami, Florida
You will visit the following 11 places:
Cabo San Lucas
Cabo San Lucas, commonly called Cabo in American English, is a city at the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula, in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. Cabo San Lucas together with San José del Cabo is known as Los Cabos. Cabo is a varied destination that captures the essence of Baja Peninsula in its many resorts, championship golf courses, world-class dining and amazing outdoor activities. The city also houses a range of wildlife including rays, sharks, birds like eagles and a range of fish like mahi-mahi (dorado) and stripe marlin. For much of its history, Cabo was a sleepy, remote fishing port which was generally accessed either by ship or a three-hour drive from La Paz. In 1977, the airport to the north of San Jose del Cabo was expanded to handle jet aircraft and international flights, thereby launching the transformation of Cabo into one of the most popular resort destinations in Mexico.
San Francisco
San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.5 million people which includes San Jose and Oakland. The only consolidated city-county in California, it encompasses a land area of about 46.9 square miles (121 km2) on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, giving it a density of about 17,179 people per square mile (6,632 people per km2). It is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of California and the second-most densely populated large city in the United States after New York City. San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the 13th most populous city in the United States, with a population of 805,235 as of the 2010 Census. The San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont metropolitan area has a population of 4,335,391.
Ensenada is a coastal city in Mexico, the third-largest in Baja California. Lying 125 kilometres (78 mi) south of San Diego on the Baja California Peninsula, it is locally referred to as La Cenicienta del Pacífico, "The Cinderellaof the Pacific''. One of the first settlements founded in the Californias, Ensenada has emerged as a cruise ship destination, aerospace center, and there is a nearby region to the north east where wine grapes are grown. Situated on the coastline of Bahía de Todos Santos—an inlet of the Pacific Ocean on the peninsula's Gold Coast—the Port of Ensenada is an important commercial, fishing, and tourist port. The city is home to a navy base, army base, and Ensenada Airport, a military airfield which doubles as an airport of entry into Mexico.
Costa Rica
Costa Rica is a small, rugged, rainforested Central American country with coastlines on the Caribbean and Pacific. Since the late 1980's Costa Rica became a popular nature travel destination, and its main competitive advantage is its well-established system of national parks and protected areas and home to a rich variety of flora and fauna. Costa Rica is also known for its beaches, volcanoes, immense biodiversity and progressive environmental policies, being the only country to meet all five criteria established to measure environmental sustainability.
Havana, officially Ciudad de La Habana, is the capital city, major port, and leading commercial centre of Cuba. The city is one of the 15 Cuban provinces. The city/province has 2.1 million inhabitants, the largest city in Cuba and the second largest in the Caribbean region, after Santo Domingo. The city extends mostly westward and southward from the bay, which is entered through a narrow inlet and which divides into three main harbours: Marimelena, Guanabacoa, and Atarés. The sluggish Almendares River traverses the city from south to north, entering the Straits of Florida a few miles west of the bay.
Miami is a major city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, the most populous county in Florida and the eighth-most populous county in the United States with a population of 2,500,625. The 42nd largest city in the United States, with a population of 433,136, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the South {Florida} metropolitan area, the most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States. According to the US Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the seventh most populous in the United States, with an estimated population of 5,547,051 in 2009.
Acapulco de Juárez
Acapulco (officially known as Acapulco de Juárez) is a resort city in the state of Guerrero on the Pacific coast of Mexico. It is located on a deep, semi-circular bay and has been a port since the early colonial period of Mexico's history. It is a port of call for shipping and cruising lines running between Panama and San Francisco, California, United States. The city of Acapulco is the largest in the state, far larger than the state capital Chilpancingo. Acapulco is also Mexico's largest beach and balneario resorted city. The city is best known as one of Mexico's oldest and most well-known beach resorts, which came into prominence in the 1950s as a getaway for Hollywood stars and millionaires. Acapulco is still famous for its nightlife and still attracts many vacationers, although most are now from Mexico itself. The resort area is divided into two: The north end of the bay is the "traditional" area, where the famous in the mid-20th century vacationed; and the south end is dominated by newer luxury high-rise hotels.
Cartagena is Colombia's most famous tourist destination on the Caribbean coast. The city is renowned for its colonial and colourful architecture. With a tropical climate, the city is also a popular beach destination. The city was founded on June 1, 1533, and named after Cartagena, Spain, itself after the original Carthage in Tunisia. However, settlement in this region around Cartagena Bay by various indigenous people dates back to 4000 BC. During the colonial period Cartagena served a key role in administration and expansion of the Spanish empire. It was a center of political and economic activity due to the presence of royalty and wealthy viceroys. In 1984 Cartagena's colonial walled city and fortress were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Colón is a Panamanian city and sea port beside the Caribbean Sea, lying near the Atlanticentrance to the Panama Canal. It is the capital of Panama's Colón Province and has traditionally been known as Panama'ssecond city. Originally, it was located entirely on Manzanillo Island, surrounded by Limon Bay, Manzanillo Bay and the Folks River, but, since the disestablishment of the Panama Canal Zone, the city's limits have been redefined to include Fort Gulick, a former U.S. Army base, as well the former Canal Zone towns of Cristobal, Margarita and Coco Solo.
Municipio de Corinto
Corinto is a town of 16,624 (2005 population) on the northwest Pacific coast of Nicaragua in the province of Chinandega. The municipality was founded in 1863. It was a railroad terminus and is Nicaragua's largest and only Pacific port for the import and export of goods. It has its own Container terminal and is able to manage a wide variety of cargo: liquid, bulk, containers, cars, etc.


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The Yellow Peril
What's the meaning of the phrase 'The Yellow Peril'?
The supposed danger of Oriental hordes overwhelming the West.
What's the origin of the phrase 'The Yellow Peril'?
The phrase 'The Yellow Peril' is no longer used in anger, so to speak. The threat of Oriental hordes swarming west and engulfing 'civilised' societies was a widely held fear in the late 19th/early 20th centuries.
A pre-cursor to the yellow peril was the yellow terror. This was initially used to denote the deadly Yellow Fever - also sometime known as American Plague. An outbreak of the disease was reported in October 1878 by the Iowa newspaper The Dubuque Herald Iowa:
The Yellow Terror - The list of new cases does not diminish.
Just a few years later, in October 1894, the Wisconsin Daily Gazette used the term to describe a Chinese general, whom it likened to both Wellington and Napoleon. They helpfully provided a sketch of the 'inscrutable' commander:
He Is the Wellington of the Flowery Kingdom - His Field Tactics, However, Resemble Those of the Corsican Conqueror of Europe, and Ought To Be Successful.
The yellow was clearly an allusion to skin colour, although not to the cowardice suggested by the American term yellow bellied, which was coined later.
The fear in the West of the mysterious, and many believed unknowable, Orientals was as real at the turn of the 20th century as the fear of Muslims at the start of the 21st, and just as misguided.
The term Yellow Peril was coined following Japan's military defeat of China in 1895 and was generally applied to Japan. It has been reported as being coined by the German Kaiser Wilhelm II, in September 1895. If the Kaiser did coin the phrase then the date is incorrect as the term was used earlier that year by the Hungarian General Turr, in an assessment of Bismark. This was reported in several US newspaper at the time, including the Ohio paper The Sandusky Register, June 1895:
"The 'yellow peril' is more threatening than ever. Japan has made in a few years as much progress as other nations have made in centuries."
It is true that the Kaiser was virulently anti-Japanese/Chinese and he commissioned a painting which was intended to encourage Europeans to cooperate to beat back the Eastern menace. The painting, which was made into a widely used poster, shows a distant Buddha-like figure (not unlike General Yeh) sitting in an approaching fire-storm while an Ayran messenger warns the womenfolk of various countries of their impending doom.
The fear of invasion continued into the 20th century and was bolstered by various portrayals of sinister Orientals in books and films. Prominent amongst these was the English writer Sax Rohmer's creation, the insidious and diabolical genius Dr. Fu Manchu. By the outbreak of WWI, the lack of any actual invasion and the fact that the Kaiser and his ilk had by then better things to think about, talk of the Yellow Peril began to fade.


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Pay reform unlikely anytime soon, says former civil servant
The government's aging compensation system needs a makeover, but HR expert thinks status quo will prevail.
Reforms to the federal government's predominant pay scale are unlikely anytime soon, said a former top career civil servant at the Office of Personnel Management on Wednesday.
"I am just very cynical about reaching any compromise," former OPM senior policy adviser Doris Hausser said of revamping the General Schedule system, the 15-grade pay scale for most of the federal workforce. "There's a lot of pressure to stay with the status quo, so I think we're stuck with it." Hausser made her comments during a morning discussion in Washington sponsored by the Coalition for Effective Change, a group of federal employee and good-government advocates.
The former OPM official has reason to be cynical: Federal pay reform, and changes to the GS system in particular, has stirred debate for decades and presented challenges for agencies, policymakers and federal employee advocates. The current fiscal environment also could be an impediment to restructuring the government's reliable, if somewhat inflexible, main pay scale, according to Hausser. "It's a great cost control mechanism, which is why OMB [Office of Management and Budget] has no intention of getting rid of it," she said.
Under the General Schedule, the government has a very good idea of what it has to spend on federal pay annually. The GS system contains 15 grades, each with 10 steps; employees receive a base salary of a set amount determined annually, depending on their grade and step, as well as a locality pay adjustment. Federal civilian employees have been under a pay freeze since 2011, but still are eligible for pay raises through step increases or promotions.
Debate over federal pay reform has ramped up in the past few years. Some studies have concluded that federal employees earn more in total compensation compared to their private sector counterparts. Other findings show a growing pay gap between government and private sector workers that favors the private sector. Comparing wages and benefits of government employees and private sector workers is an imperfect science, involving many variables including age, education, different pay scales and bonus opportunities. It's also a comparison that ventures into controversial political territory, particularly at a time when budgets are tight and both parties are looking to score points with various constituencies.
Independent pay and performance consultant Howard Risher, who also participated in Wednesday's discussion, said the GS system should be scrapped. Risher has argued that the pay scale's job classification system is outdated and imprecise and the structure of the GS framework does not emphasize accountability or results, making grade inflation or "creep" a problem. Pay for performance is "the norm" in the private sector and academia, Risher said, but not in government. When pay for performance fails, he said, "it's because managers aren't good at managing performance."
Not everyone wants to dismantle the GS system. Federal employee unions, in particular, are loath to gut a pay scale built on merit system principles that deters discrimination. "We think it is a very good system with many virtues," said Jacque Simon, public policy director at the American Federation of Government Employees, who sparred a bit with Risher and Hausser. Simon noted the GS system's popularity among federal workers, including those who have complained about unfairness in pay-for-performance systems; she said the General Schedule helps protect women and minorities in particular from discrimination -- as well as employees at the bottom of the pay scale. "We are absolutely opposed to any pay reform that would reallocate funds from the bottom to the top," Simon said. "We would never oppose anyone getting more money [in government]; we just don't want someone to get more money at the expense of a co-worker."
Hausser said the government must keep intact merit system principles -- the core values of equal opportunity and fairness underpinning the management of the government workforce. But the General Schedule needs a makeover. The GS system doesn't discriminate, but "it ignores some distinctions that should be made," Hausser said. For example, the bar for achieving a "fully successful" rating is way too low, she said. Employees who earn that rating or higher on their performance evaluations receive a pay bump. Managers should be sensible and fair about evaluating their employees' abilities, but they also shouldn't shy away from raising expectations for what constitutes good work.
The Obama administration early on tried to generate some momentum on federal pay reform, including discussions over the GS system and pay for performance, but those efforts have stalled. The administration has said it wants to take a hard look civil service reform, creating a commission to study a range of issues, including federal compensation. Risher praised the idea of a commission and said OPM should do a study to assess federal pay and how it compares to the private sector.
Simon was wary of another presidential commission focusing on federal employee-related issues, referring to the "loathsome Bowles-Simpson" commission. The bipartisan fiscal commission, led by former Republican Sen. Alan Simpson from Wyoming and former White House Chief of Staff Erskine Bowles, released several deficit reduction proposals in 2010. Some of those proposals affected federal pay and benefits, including recommendations to extend the pay freeze and reduce the government workforce through attrition. Obama did not formally endorse the commission's recommendations.
(Image via Bragin Alexey/Shutterstock.com)


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Packages can be scheduled to run at a time when you expect data to be in a database. Instead of guessing the time when the data will be in the database we can have the package look for data in a SQL table. When the table has data then the package will begin.
First we will create two variables on the package, intDelayTime and intSQLCount, both are integers.Then we drag out a For Loop. Set the InitExpression to @intSQLCOunt = 0 and the EvalExpression to @intSQLCount == 0. This will cause the loop to run until the intSQLCount is not zero.
Drag and drop a Script Task inside the For Loop. Set the intDelayTime as a read only variable. Enter the following code.
Public Sub Main()
Dim sec As Double = Convert.ToDouble(Dts.Variables("intDelayTime").Value)
Dim ms As Int32 = Convert.ToInt32(sec * 1000)
Dts.TaskResult = ScriptResults.Success
End Sub
This saves the time delay variable as an integer and changes it to milliseconds. This will cause the task to pause for the number of second saved in the variable.
Drag in an execute SQL task and connect the delay script task to it with a success constraint. The execute SQL task will look at a the table and do something like a Select Count (*). We will set the result set to single row and save the count in the intSQLCount variable.
Select Count(*) from WatchMe
This will save the row count in the variable and the For Loop will continue until this number is not zero. Once it is not zero the loop will complete and the rest of the package can run.


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AMD Phenom II X4 940 & 920: A True Return to Competition
by Anand Lal Shimpi on January 8, 2009 12:00 AM EST- Posted in
- CPUs
POV-ray 3.7 Beta 23
Once again, the Phenom II is very competitive on a cost basis in this 3D rendering application while remaining very close to the Core 2 series on a clock speed basis.
Multi-threaded par2 Archive Recovery
Our Data Recovery test shows Phenom II equalling or bettering the Core 2 series due to a test that favors the IMC designs over the cache centric Core 2.
Blender 2.48a
Blender shows Phenom II less competitive than the other 3D rendering tests we've seen thus far.
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Walkeer - Thursday, October 15, 2009 - link
Super, so because MS Vista has a really bad and stupid CPU scheduler, AMD had to disable perfectly legit and smart power saving feature = CnC per core rather than per chip. I really love windows! I expect that CnC per-core caused no problems under linux for example.... -
CuE0083 - Sunday, April 26, 2009 - link
I have been a reader of this site for a few years (first time commenting) and I just wanted to know how you guys determine that a particular processor is a good overclocker.
1) Do you guys try overclocking multiple chips?
2) Do you just walk into the store, pick a random chip, and try overclocking it?
3) Or does AMD send you a chip?
v12v12 - Thursday, July 23, 2009 - link
All this bickering and nick picking—when to me the solution seems simple.
All the poor folks clamoring about numbers they COULD NOT EVER POSSIBLY tell the difference if using Intel Vs AMD in a dboule-blind test! None of you can tell the measurable diffs in FPS and temp. It's all little programs with numbers telling you there's a difference. So wtf is all the fus about?
Phenom-II is for people that already have an old AM2 rig and want to upgrade. But you forget that your old, slow ass mobo chipset and antiquated ram wouldn't even come close of a newer Intel system period.
A Brand NEW Phenom-II would "compete," but it barely does that. And as prices drop Phenom-II is losing even more ground as someone with an intel 775 can spring for a fast Quad-core, while you're stuck with the SAME OLD MOBO and RAM DERRRRR?
Stop all the nit-picking and bemoaning over Intel.
Does it make sense to scrap your current AMD rig for a completely new Intel unit?
YES = If you're doing video/AV editing and plan on getting an i7/i5 or if you're not broke!
NO = If you currently have an AMD and need some extra horse-power.
But to falsely rationalize your purchase/mindset by suddenly putting the i7 into the "it's SO expensive" BS category; you're BROKE, you have no say about price. Get a real job and stop spending money on other nonsense and SAVE up like smart people do. It's YOUR own fault you cannot afford a damn $1100-1400 computer: that's NOT a lot. Just b/c YOU cannot afford it doesn't mean there's something "wrong" with i7.
You're comparing a 2yr old Q6600 against AMD's newest unit LOL? That's like a car magazine comparing the newest lambo to a 2 year old Ferrari etc. BUT PRICE OMG... Prices steadily go DOWN, thus folks with 775 can still upgrade to 6700, 6800 and so forth.
I'm glad AMD is "sort of" showing a rally to CATCH UP... BUT... when you buy into INTEL you're buying into a PROVEN ROADMAP OF PERFORMANCE VS AMD: you're buying into a mystery grab-bag of performance PROMISES.
Geesh. Just get the Phenom-II if you cannot afford the i7. Nobody with sense is talking about going from a Q6600/9xxx to 2 year behind the pack Phenom. This is just sophomoric nonsense.
Common-sense would tell you:
1) GET A BETTER JOB (education/certs etc)
2) Stop spending money on other hobbies and misc junk
3) STFU already and improve your financial situation, THEN you have a say. It's YOUR fault you don't have enough for a paltry $1200 machine. WHO doesn't have $1200? If you don't you haven't EARNED the right to complain. Complain b/c it's someone else's fault - I'm betting it's mostly your own lack of saving & discipline that's the problem.
None of you may like or agree w/me, but guess what? I don't care b/c I HAVE $1200 to spend so Fsck it I'm happy. Stop drinking, doing drugs, going out, blowing money on cable-TV and crap, for a change? Most of you are guilty of 1 or more of these frivolities.
Honestly THINK about what you're saying here? You're complaining about a superior i7 that is too expensive to do WHAT— play some damn video games? So your rationale is to do what? Buy a new or CPU upgrade to do the same? So THUS instead of continually saving to get the best… You BLOW your loads for inferior technology… and so the cycle continues. You're NOW BROKE AGAIN and behind. Maybe you'll start saving once again and come out of the wood work 2-3yrs later and STILL be complain once again "OMG it's TOO EXPENSIVE" "I'll by the cheap crap instead!"
LMFAO NOW THAT IS Ludicrous!
goofbud - Tuesday, December 6, 2011 - link
Are you serious dude?
It ain't the money. I know. I have money. I also have a lambo a porche and an evo. I like testing AMD because they give us "certified" techs something to tinker with and work on. AMD is a brand for builders and true techs like to tinker with a processor and see how far it can go. Even when I was in high school I owned 486's which were the latest and greatest that time. I had an INTEL PC and it sucked dirt once Microsoft came out with windows. Maybe Intel is ahead now but AMD is catching up. They can create the ultimate processor but they don't have to. Not yet.
BTW, watch how you talk. Be considerate. It ain't the money man. I can afford to buy as many alienware pc's I want. But I don't. Am I a gamer? Yes! I have a powerful system now and am happy I did not spend a lot of money on it. See, this is the thing. If you are smart you just don't want to buy the fastest CPU and fastest RAM that comes out. It's like buying an PS3 for $6,000.00 on ebay just because you want to be the first to play it. That is stupid.
People buy AMD because they are tweakable. They try to buy the cheapest parts out there, tweak it, and see how far it can go. Makes sense?
So what if you have the fastest computer in the world. If you don't use it everyday you just wasted money.
Understand now kid. Now STFU and Go to your room! -
sandstones - Wednesday, March 25, 2009 - link
I know that we should look at relative sysmark scores, but I'm still puzzled by the higher scores in this batch of tests, compared to those done in April 2008.
For example the top performer from April - Core 2 Duo E8400 got a score of 161 on Overall in April 2008, and 191 in Jan 2009. The X4 Phenom 9750 went from 126 to 148. Other CPU's in both tests had similar differences. That's a bigger percentage difference than what gets used to debate whether Intel or AMD is better.
Anand - any comments on what caused such a large difference? -
Amitjakhar - Friday, February 20, 2009 - link
After overclocking it really comes near and sometime it gets better performance them Core i7. Which is good. AMD has done superb job and they are in the right direction. Next black edition will make Intel so worry they have to go to work again. -
Amitjakhar - Friday, February 20, 2009 - link
Phenom II is showing power much better then here. To me it seems they have not done the testing properly. You better check out this link and find how its performing genuinely
http://www.guru3d.com/article/amd-phenom-ii-x4-920...">http://www.guru3d.com/article/amd-phenom-ii-x4-920... -
salem80 - Tuesday, January 27, 2009 - link
The Q9400 are 126W~174W not like what Intel said 95W ?
even E8600 (124W~157W) while they say 65W ?
their huge deferent in numbers here . -
pcuser123 - Saturday, January 24, 2009 - link
I think the new i7 core sucks compare Phenom II. Just look at the pricing vs performance on those two.
Here is the benchmarks http://www.overclockersclub.com/reviews/phenomii94...">http://www.overclockersclub.com/reviews/phenomii94... -
gipper - Monday, January 19, 2009 - link
You do the overclocks but don't show us the results? Following overclocking, those stock processors have WIDELY different capabilities.
I'd love to see those video encode charts redone with the overclocked processors. That would tell me the TRUE value of the 64x2BE, C2D, Phenom, PhenomII, and i7 relative to one another.
Otherwise, your overclock information borders on worthless.


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Essentially as the title, but I'll give a little bit more background.
I have some finite graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and adjacency matrix $A$. Let $D$ be the $n$ by $n$ matrix with the degree of vertex $i$ at the $i,i$ entry, and 0's everywhere. Finally, let $L = D - A$ be the (unnormalized) graph Laplacian of $G$. Next, fix some collection of eigenvectors and eigenvalues of $L$.
My big-picture question is: Under what conditions are there other graphs which share those eigenvectors/values?
With a little more precision: Approximately how many eigenvectors & eigenvalues can be specified before the answer is no? About how many graphs are there when the answer is yes?
It seems likely that the answer would be a little complicated. I know a few special cases (e.g. 2 eigenvectors/values determine cycles completely; on the other hand, as long as the average degree is fairly large, there are generally very many graphs with the same bottom eigenvector). I certainly appreciate hearing about conditions which aren't tight, as long as they are at least a little broad.
I'm interested in the situation where the eigenvectors DON'T determine the graph, so I would also appreciate any literature pointers to `relaxations' of this idea. For example, one could imagine requiring that the Laplacian contracts the eigenvectors by at least a certain amount (this certainly allows many graphs, but that space is pretty big). In another direction, it seems plausible there is some analogue in the language of graphons.
Thanks for any help!


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December 6, 2013
Revitalizing Vanilla in Madagascar
In Madagascar, CRS studied the feasibility of enhancing small farmer participation in the vanilla value chain and the opportunities this could offer farmers. The study results...More
February 9, 2013
Niger Resilience Study
In 2012, the Sahel faced a severe food security crisis for the fourth time within a decade. Poor rains, rising food process and internal displacement caused by insecurity has...More
September 9, 2013
Research›Case Studies
Ibyiringiro Project: Restoring Hope 2008-2013
HIV interacts with other drivers of poverty to simultaneously destabilize livelihoods at the household level and social safety nets at the broader community level. Evidence shows...More
July 3, 2013
Effects of Faithfulness-Focused Curriculum on Couples From Three Countries in Africa
Even though a large share of new HIV infections in many African countries occurs within marriages and cohabiting relationships, few prevention programs focus specifically on the...More
August 13, 2013
Research›Case Studies
The Road to Resilience
How can relief and development programs promote resilience in regions that experience recurrent crises? The six case studies in this document describe some of the ways that CRS...More
May 14, 2013
Tools for Field Staff›Manuals
Building Resilience
This manual describes how to help communities implement disaster risk reduction activities. It was written for development workers and community-based organizations in the Horn of...More
October 10, 2013
Baseline Study Summary
CRS' Reducing Maternal and Newborn Deaths (ReMiND) Project works with government community health workers to improve the frequency and quality of pregnancy, postpartum, newborn...More
July 14, 2013
Tools for Field Staff›Manuals
Toward Resilience
Toward Resilience is an introductory resource for staff of development and humanitarian organizations that are working with people whose lives and rights are threatened by...More
March 13, 2013
From Provider-Oriented to Client-Driven Care
This report presents possibly the first comprehensive self-monitoring tool designed for people living with HIV in a resource-limited setting. It provides an opportunity for a...More
July 26, 2013
Tools for Field Staff›Learning Briefs
Capacity Strengthening With the Catholic Church of Rwanda (Technical Brief)
This learning brief summarizes how CRS and the Catholic Church of Rwanda developed a particularly successful partnership. The document provides tips to consider for future...More


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Last year, Victor Cruz earned $450,000. In return, the Giants received a franchise record for receiving yardage, with 1,536 yards.
Next year, Cruz is due to make $490,000. He believes he should get more.
Appearing on a special non-live edition of PFT Live, Cruz talked about winning the Vizio Top Value Performer Award, which goes to the NFL player who does the most for the least money. I told Victor that, several weeks ago, finalist Matt Forte said he'd prefer not to be nominated for the award, because it means he's underpaid. So I asked Victor if he thinks he's underpaid.
"I think I was paid, you know, relative to where I came in this year and, you know, I came in as a free agent so that's the salary I was on, so I don't feel like I was underpaid," Cruz said. "I mean, I feel like after my performance this year, you know, I feel like I deserve to be paid more money at this point. But that's something I'll let my agents and those people take care of and I'll just go out there and play the game."
He's right. And he has every right to speak his mind. Undrafted and strapped in 2010 with a three-year deal that pays minimum base salaries, he has now earned much more than that.
That doesn't mean he's destined to become a diva. I've interviewed him multiple times now, and Cruz seems like a kid who genuinely appreciates what has happened, understands how he got here, and won't forget where he came from. But the Giants need to reward him for what he's done, and for what they'll undoubtedly be expecting him to do -- especially if the team lets Mario Manningham leave via free agency.
The full Cruz interview will be showing up soon in the right rail, by clicking the PFT Live box. The interview also will be posted on iTunes.


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Last week, Manchester United superstar Wayne Rooney cursed a blue streak at an innocent television camera, instantly launching the cursing careers of millions of children. ''Mum, Dad, **** you!!'' A couple of nights ago, NBA superstar Kobe Bryant dusted off and used one of the uglier, more ignorant and stupid homophobic slur words available and threw it at an official.
Fascinatingly, in one case, the perpetrator was suspended. In the other, he was fined about a billionth of his weekly salary. NBA head honcho David Stern called the Bryant incident 'Offensive and inexcusable' If that's the case, why didn't he do something tangible about it? Fining Kobe Bryant $100,000 is like someone in work fining me $5 for cursing in the coffee room. Fining him that amount means absolutely nothing in real world terms. In basically letting Bryant away with his incredibly arrogant, stupid and ignorant slur, the NBA has shown that no, really, it doesn't care.
Kobe has come out with a bland, timid statement saying his use of the word does not reflect his feelings on the gay and lesbian community. No word on if there's any change on his attitude to women, but, we have a fairly good idea how he feels about them already.
If you are sitting there thinking to yourself, 'Hey, give Kobe a break, everyone curses in the NBA' well forget about it. The NBA has gone to great lengths to cut down on any sort of disrespect shown towards their officials. Quite literally, if you look at an NBA official wrong, you get 'T-d up', as they say. You are assessed a technical foul.
Furthermore, Kobe is a superstar, and with that comes great responsibility. We all know this, it barely warrants repeating. Everyone knows millions of children idolize Bryant, and you can bet plenty of kids went home and asked Mom and Dad these last few days, 'Mum, Dad, what's a f*****?'
All of that makes the NBA's decision to slap Kobe gently on the wrist with such a pathetic penalty all the more confusing. What exactly were they trying to achieve here? The incredibly low fine, and lack of suspension, is an insult to the gay community and makes a mockery of the completely pointless 'NBA cares' (in the community) mantra. If the NBA really cared, Kobe Bryant would be riding the pine on a lengthy suspension, including the playoffs. The fact of the matter is, the NBA only cares about money, hence the pathetic, meaningless and completely hollow penalty.
When all is said and done, how can anyone be surprised at this? Bryant has shown in the past a remarkable ability to slither his way out of trouble, and this appears to be just another one of those situations.
NBA Cares? As Wayne Rooney would say, **** that!
Comments welcome! Free and open debate and communication are some of the most enjoyable aspects of life. Please leave a comment, disagreements welcome! If you disagree, debate your case by all means. However, anything rude, spiteful or any cowardly anonymous personal attacks will be not be tolerated and will be deleted.


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Among the many, many, many douchebags who just want to make a quick buck from the work of others, a reader of my blog found this gem on eBay:
This is outstandingly presumptuous, and so the 'Shmuck' award goes to jebishere - congratulations!
Saturday, July 10, 2010
Sunday, July 4, 2010
How to protect better: Secure BIOS Passwords for Laptops
Since I get a lot of visitors from within the networks of computer vendors (hi guys!), I might as well just give you some hints on how to implement a laptop password in a more secure way. I understand that a lot of your customers forget their passwords and that it's just too expensive for you and your customers to swap the mainboards each time this happens. Also, you are prone to use the lame password implementations of the BIOS vendors. Don't - do your own stuff. Here are a few advices free of charge on how to do better:
- Use better hashing functions for the passwords. CRC16, CRC32, etc. are a bad choice - they are invertible, and even if they weren't, a modern machine can find a hash collision within seconds because the keyspace is only 2^32 in size. Various implementations of better algorithms such as MD6 and SHA2 are readily available.
- Use the machine's serial number in conjunction with the MAC address of the network card to salt the password before hashing it. If the password isn't set, just use both of these to check a hash stored in your 'NVRAM' anyway. This makes it a bit harder to just clone an EEPROM, FlashROM, or any other chip.
- Try to calculate some portions of the algorithm not on the main CPU, but on the keyboard controller - this puts a physical obstacle on reversing the code. Also, provide a secure path for updating the code if the need arises - you don't want to have unencrypted code in your update binaries that can be easily disassembled and reverse-engineered.
- If the password can't be verified, generate a random number from the RTC the third time an invalid password has been entered. Salt it heavily with serial numbers (laptop, MAC, CPU, etc.). Then hash it to generate a one-time password (OTP). Use public-key cryptography on the OTP, e.g. elliptic curves. DO NOT STORE THE PRIVATE KEY IN THE BIOS. Output the result to the screen, making sure that it is properly encoded ('O' vs '0', checksums). Do not save the one-time password anywhere. In fact, wipe it from the memory just after it has been encrypted. Make sure that it's really zero'd out everywhere (CPU cache).
- When a customer calls the support and asks for a password reset, verify that he is indeed the owner of the laptop. Let him read the encrypted and encoded OTP to you, then calculate the OTP by decoding and decrypting it using your private key.
- Do not hand out service tools to your service team which contain the private key. Instead, run a central password service on a server which is secured and can only be accessed with proper authentication. Actively monitor each and every access.
- Do not charge customers for resetting a password. That's just lame.
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Robert's Custom Exhaust, located in Stafford, VA, is the top custom exhaust system fabricators in the Northern Virginia area, with over 20 years experience in custom bending using nothing but the highest quality materials available. Robert's Custom Exhaust is a well-known industry expert in the art of custom exhaust design. Robert Fenter is the owner and operator of Robert's Custom Exhaust. As owner and operator he will be the only one you will be dealing with from start to finish.
So when looking for a custom exhaust shop, Robert's is a shop that is always clean and orderly, a shop that many try to Imitate but none can Duplicate!!!!


text:
Getting Ahead of HIV (Op-Ed)
This article was originally published at The Conversation. The publication contributed the article to Live Science's Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights.
When AIDS first emerged in the early 1980s, HIV infection was a death sentence. But a global effort has ensured this is no longer the case for a growing number of people.
The good news today is that the annual number of new global infections continues to fall – from the high point of some 3.4 million in 2001 to 2.3 million in 2012. And, as fewer people contract HIV, and more of those who do are given life-saving treatments, fewer progress to AIDS.
In 2005, some 2.3 million people died from AIDS, but this number had declined to 1.6 million in 2012. These figures indicate how far we have come in the long journey from AIDS to HIV.
Early efforts and innovation
Countries such as Australia that moved decisively to introduce effective HIV prevention policies in the mid-1980s generally saw a rapid falling away in numbers of new HIV infections.
But in most of the world, for a range of social, political and religious reasons, effective prevention measures were either not introduced or not implemented on a large enough scale to make a difference.
And it soon became clear that if the developing world were to survive the epidemic, new treatments would have to be provided at a scale and with a level of certainty that was unprecedented in the annals of global public health.
What was missing was the funding required to translate the potential of widespread access to treatments into tangible reality on the ground.
From the late 1990s, the world galvanised in support of dramatic increases in funding for the distribution of HIV treatments to all who required them.
Former US president Bill Clinton successfully pressed major pharmaceutical companies to greatly reduce the unit costs of new HIV treatments in the developing world. And thanks to the leadership of president George W Bush, the United States Congress appropriated $US50 billion for the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR).
In 2002, an innovative new financial mechanism, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria was created to raise and channel new funding to countries wishing to increase access to HIV treatments. It has raised over $US30 billion to fight against the three diseases, and about half of this has funded access to HIV treatments in some 150 countries.
At the 2013 Global Fund replenishment conference in Washington DC, convened by President Barack Obama, governments, philanthropic, faith-based and private sector donors pledged over $US12 billion for the period 2014-16, a 30% increase over a similar 2010 effort.
Over nine million people worldwide now have access to life-saving HIV treatments, thanks to these two initiatives.
Changing direction
Taken together, this vast mobilisation of all kinds of human and material resources has utterly transformed the trajectory of the global HIV epidemic.
If they are on treatments, people who would once have died from AIDS are now living well with HIV; the number of children being born with HIV is falling dramatically; and above all, many millions of people who once would have surely acquired HIV, have not.
The world is now more than halfway along the path from AIDS to HIV, but none of these great achievements would have been possible without sustained funding commitments, stretching out over years and decades.
And in 2014, there is still much more to do.
Even though annual HIV funding from developed to developing countries is running at about $US18 billion, this is still about $US5 billion a year short of what's required to sustain the gains of the last decade. And there are many millions of people who are still without access to HIV treatments.
To consolidate our gains, and to drive new HIV infection rates down still further, billions of new dollars will be needed. But the required resources are not just going to come from the same old donors in the same old ways; we must develop innovative and imaginative new methods of securing critical funding.
The international response to HIV has always been a hotbed of radical policy innovation and implementation – from the bold prevention initiatives undertaken in Australia to the creation of the Global Fund itself.
By following the right strategies, backed by adequate funding, the world is closer towards the end of HIV and AIDS than at any time in the last three decades. Now is not the time to relent.
The work of the Pacific Friends of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article. Follow all of the Expert Voices issues and debates — and become part of the discussion — on Facebook, Twitter and Google +. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. This version of the article was originally published on Live Science.
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Genesis 6 Giants and Ancient HistoryThere were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown. NEWS: THE NEW GENESIS 6 GIANTS WEBSITE IS LIVE! - www.genesis6giants.com Journey and discover the world Giants with Steve Quayle.
Stretch your mind back to childhood. What giants do you remember? Jack and the Beanstalk? Hercules? Paul Bunyan? Goliath? What were you told and what did you read? With the exception of Goliath and an occasional ornery cyclops, legends emphasized their innate goodness, eye-popping feats accomplished with unparalleled strength, victories over the bad guys and all performed by "gentle giants". What if it were all a lie? What if the truth were something much MUCH more sinister? I have invested over 30 years researching the vast history of giants. It has, for the most part, been kept from the public. Proof of giants' existence - their skeletal remains - has been quickly secreted away in obscure museums, when not destroyed. Additionally, time has cloaked and sugar-coated these creatures' true perverse nature, the majority too vile, too demonic for bedtime stories. However, history is replete with their tales of unimaginable cruelty, sexual perversity, cannibalism and pagan rituals. This is only the beginning. Some things are best forgotten. . . or are they? Where did these giants come from and what was their connection with ordinary humans? Just who were they? What happened to these extraordinary creatures? Is it possible they could ever return? The last question I will answer right now - YES, they most definitely could return! And they have something much worse in mind for mankind.
* Please Note: The extensive and amazing information about "Giants" is online: www.genesis6giants.com INTRODUCTIONI ask you to do only one thing when reading this book: Read it with an open mind. And by open, I mean that you will for a time suspend the notions (and — as I will prove to you in this book — propaganda) that you have been taught in school, by news magazines, and the majority of other outlets for the "facts" of science and history. In doing this, you will discover that you are like the sleepers in the movie Matrix. You have been living a life in a dream world, where things are not as they seem. You are living in a place that has the truth hidden, substituting a series of carefully crafted lies to keep you permanently blinded, with the truth only having a chance to briefly surface from time to time. This book will be your chance to see the truth, to learn what is going on behind the scenes and the many telling facts that have been carefully hidden from your view. If you will read it with an open mind, you will be able to take the first step toward seeing what is really going on, and see the monsters behind the scenes who are attempting to keep the truth from being revealed about them, as well as the ancient past and the ways it will effect the future. Why must you keep an open mind as you read this? Because like most of those reading this book, you have been hoodwinked by the education establishment which by intent or by accident, has become the prime purveyor of the lies that make up the "party line" that keeps the truth hidden. This education has been so deeply ingrained in almost every educated human being, so that responses and views are like thick sunglasses that prevent seeing in a dimly lit room. It is only by removing those glasses that one can see what's real, and in the process find the truth. Because of this conditioning and training through the educational system as well as the entertainment and news media, those hiding the truth have a very powerful tool: Denial. And often they don't have to employ it directly; like rats trained by electrical shock, you jump to attention and deny the truth when it's presented to you. Years of conditioning with the electric shock of scorn and derision have taught you to do this. You not only do the work of hiding the truth, because of your conditioning you may even humiliate those who would bring the truth to you. This conditioning has filtered through the educational system for centuries, so that today's scientists, doctors, and historians are likewise victims to it. As I will document in this book, when confronted with the truth of history, artifacts, or fossils, they have learned to shut out the facts from their minds through their educational conditioning. Or if that truth is too strong to ignore, then they may hide it from site and attempt to forget. Because if they do not, they will quickly become the object of scorn and derision from their peers, with a quick trip to unemployment as one of the "kooks" or "nut cases" that are today full of similar men who attempted to have an open mind and register their second thoughts or reservations about the dogma of lies which they had been taught. Thus denial is the first tool trotted out. It is the typical "educated response" when a researcher, newsman, or scientist is presented with anomalous evidence and findings that don't fit neatly into the category of "containment." And likewise today's academia is comprised of individuals living in intellectual boxes of dishonesty. The Time of Change Is At HandFor you and each person who will read this book with an open mind, that can change. Because for over 30 years now, I have been carefully tracing, finding, sleuthing the truth. I started by investigating the origins of ancient civilizations: Their builders, their myths, their legends. Little by little what I discovered prompted and provoked me to seek answers beyond the party line. As Henry Ford, the automotive genius of the last century so aptly put it, "History is more or less bunk." The Romanian–born French philosopher E. M. Cioran put it even more bluntly when he wrote, "History is nothing but a procession of false absolutes, a series of temples raised to pretexts, a degradation of the mind before the improbable." As I will show you, these men are not far off the mark (perhaps because they were often rubbing shoulders with those working behind the scenes to hide the truth). As you'll see, past civilizations were not the primitive collectives they've been portrayed as being in textbooks and Hollywood. They were truly amazing, yes, even breath-taking. Because far from being the crude cultures they have been pictured as being, they held technology not only equal to today's, in many respects they were advanced beyond modern day technology, often to the point that they defy "modern man's" imagination in how they achieved their more remarkable accomplishments. Modern historians, of course, play a game of deny, deny, deny, coming up with explanations for these accomplishments that are nearly as amazing as the artifacts they try to explain away. As you will see, the explanations and dismissals are full of holes. For there is truth to the many stories that are now denied. What you have been taught to scoff at and dismiss as myth more often than not may be truth. This is not that hard to prove, either. By simply looking at the ruins of the past, a person quickly discovers that the ancients constructed architecture that was so accurately positioned to "stellar and planetary coordinates" that only recently has modern science and computer technology been able to fathom the relevance of such positioning. (Indeed, some ancient constructions appear to have positioning that modern science does not yet understand.) How the ancients were able to gain such knowledge with crude tools and the marginal math today's archeologists claim they had is impossible to explain. When not ignoring and denying, today's "modern sciences" develop very pathetic explanations and theories. Yet these remain as "facts" because those scientists and researchers seldom dare to suggest otherwise, less they find their careers at an end. Perhaps the most startling thing about the ancient wisdom and understanding which you'll be looking at throughout this book is that the calculations and knowledge behind them was, as is the case today, dependent on computers for such computations. Instead, it seems entirely possible (indeed probably since instrumentation that would permit such calculations has never been found) the work was done in the heads of those creating the monuments and machinery. The conventional view of ancient peoples is that they are dumb brutes. And the farther back in time you go, the dumber they must be for the simple "reason" that human kind is supposed to be evolving into a better, wiser beast. Yet as you'll see, the exact opposite may have taken place. Because hidden in the truth is the fact that giants not only existed, they most likely ruled and controlled lesser men due to both their physical as well as their mental superiority. Think about this: The skeletal remains of individuals up to 36 feet in height doesn't mean that giants were simply big. It also means that they were also smarter. Because with skulls (of which there are examples from South America and elsewhere) with three to six times the cranial mass of modern day humans, those ancient beings must have had mental abilities that would make Einstein seem retarded by comparison. However, ancient people and giants aren't the only ones who created the artifacts and monuments of the past. Because, as I will show later in this book, there is conclusive evidence that many of these ancient artifacts were most likely made by non-human technology and hands. Of course such things don't fit neatly into modern thinking that today's culture is the pinnacle of mental prowess, or that today's technologies are superior to those of the past. Thus they are denied and those who consider such possibilities quickly laughed out of the hall in which they present their facts. Yet the truth remains: Those legends, myths, and oral traditions may not be so far fetched as you have been taught, and even would prefer to think. In fact they may have at least nuggets of truth in them. That truth points back to a period of time in the dateless past when great civilizations flourished with scientific and engineering achievements (which still challenge modern intellects) were the norm. I don't want you to just take my word on this — it is, after all, a hard pill to swallow, especially after the propaganda you have been fed from the popular media as well as the "facts" found in almost any science or historic textbook. Instead I simply want you to read this book with an open mind. Do that, and I will provide you with enough evidence and background findings so as to challenge the official "scientific party line" and give you a set of mind-boggling exclamation points in place of question marks you have when approaching these with only the conventional party line. Grant me this, and then in the next chapters I promise I'll give you the answers to history's puzzles instead of the denial and fabrications that you have heard from your youth until you picked up this book (and which you'll continue to hear — but be able to recognize for the lies they are).
Now… It's time to commence the journey that will lead to this amazing revelation of the truth. |
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Kevin Hart just may be our father of the year! The comedian recently escorted his daughter Heaven to her first father/daughter dance and the photos made our hearts melt.
"I don't care how busy I am I will always make time for what's most important to me…today is my little girls 1st father daughter dance," he shared on Instagram along with the following photos. "She is by far the most BEAUTIFUL date that I have ever had in my life!!! #ProudDad #ShesGrowingUpSoFast #iCried"
MUST READ: 'Ride Along' Stays At No.1, Earns $21.2 Million Its Second Weekend
He also included a video of the two dancing the night way to "I Gotta Feeling" by The Black Eyed Peas. "Me & my baby danced the night away!!!! I might of had more fun than she did lmao #fatherdaughterdance #daddyslittlegirl"
In related Kevin Hart news, his buddy cop comedy featuring Ice Cube topped the box office once again. For the third week in a row, the Universal Pictures' Ride Along landed at number one, nearing a $100 million domestic total according to studio estimates.
MUST READ: 'Atlanta Exes' Confirmed For A Summer 2014 Debut
"I don't think anyone would have seen that coming," said Paul Dergarabedian, senior media analyst for box-office tracker Rentrak. "Kevin Hart and Ice Cube are great stars and they are international stars at this point. The movie doing so well here is going to give it that extra push. If the worldwide audience is hearing that 'Ride Along' is the No. 1 movie for the third week, they are going to want to see what the fuss is about."
Despite the traditionally slow Super Bowl weekend, Ride Along collected $12.3 million in sales. This doesnt come as a surpsie considering the film debuted with the biggest three-day MLK holiday opening ever.
The No. 2 spot went to Disney's Frozen with $9.3 million, followed by That Awkward Moment, featuring eye candy Michael B. Jordan, with $9 million.
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Winning! 'Ride Along' Tops Weekend Box Office, Opens To Record-Breaking $47.8 Million
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Too Cute! Kevin Hart Takes His Baby Girl To Her First Father-Daughter Dance was originally published on hellobeautiful.com


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Zone starts, zone finishes and a bunch of QoC.
Get ready for a lot of charts.
New metrics surfacing rapidly are being put to use. The charts below are being more-widely used to visually demonstrate usage of players in comparison to the level of competition they face.
Plenty of different examples exist.
OZQoC charts were architected by Rob Vollman of Hockey Prospectus. A full explanation is spelled out here.
Straight from the site explaining the charts history:
One of the more popular new developments this year is the OZQoC Chart (Pronounced "Oz Coke"), which is a handy visual representation of how players are being used. At a glance it's an easy way to understand the roles assigned to each player so we have the context in which to study their statistics.
To accomplish this, OZQoC charts combine two simple concepts on the x and y axis respectively:
1. Offensive Zone Starts (OZ), the percentage of shifts a player starts in the offensive zone
2. Quality of Competition (QoC), the average strength of a player's opponents.
I originally planned to publish this OZQoC chart for the Leafs back at the end of January 30, 2012. The values represented the usage of players as the Leafs were riding high spirits and a playoff spot with a record of 25-19-5 good enough for eighth in the conference.
Time constraints restricted it for the time being until the data became out of date.
Then things fell apart .. bad. Fire your coach as a last resort kind of bad.
Toronto went on a miraculous slide (8-15-4), slipping out of playoff contention, dropping into lottery pick contention, all while adopting new direction under a new bench boss.
In retrospect, gathering the chart from that point in late January proved somewhat lucky. We have a comparative sample of data to use as a control, a snapshot of player usage under then coach Ron Wilson.
OZQoC Jan 30:
It—s unfortunate there isn—t a way to calculate the Rel QoC on a periodic basis, otherwise we could have had a comparison chart indicating the specific use of his players by new coach, Randy Carlyle.
The values listed here are all cumulative over the season but still show a somewhat significant shift in responsibility. This is the snapshot of player usage as of March 26, 2012, with only a smaller sample under coach Carlyle (4-6-2)
OZQoC Mar 26:
Quick glance shows the decreasing reliance on Colby Armstrong, along with injury and press box stints.
The first line of Kessel, Bozak and Lupul has been juxtaposed with the Grabovski, Kulemin and MacArthur line in terms of the quality of competition they face.
Other changes see the reliance on Carl Gunnarsson and Dion Phaneuf, where both have faced stiffer competition on a nightly basis.
Even David Steckel has seen his role increase in terms of usage and where he—s being deployed as has Joey Crabb, showing some nominal difference.
Steckel, Tim Connolly, since demoted to fourth line duty for extended periods, and Cody Franson have shown a moderate increase in where they are standing when the whistle blows the play dead.
Something else popped up while analyzing the data.
Exposure to zone starts has hit the mainstream, but over the same period as the OZQoC charts above, the zone finish data proved intriguing.
I—ve often felt that zone starts are also a part of the conditions such as icings, and strategy where some players are on the ice just for the face off before being replaced.
Player—s specific zone starts from static position is largely a coaching decision, but where the play ends is all about on-ice execution.
Taking into consideration players often change on the fly and are not always likely to be on the ice, whistle to whistle, player finishes still take away the strategic coaching advantage.
Here—s a comparison from January 30 to March 26. Keep note of Dion Phaneuf—s totals.
Zone Finishes as of Jan 30:
Dion Phaneuf led the Leafs in offensive zone finishes at the end of January. As of the end of March, both columns have almost evened out.
Zone Finishes as of Mar 26:
During that span, the Leafs captain has actually had more defensive zone finishes than in the offensive zone, with a spike in neutral zone face offs.
Outlining the accumulated totals from Jan 30 to Mar 26, Phaneuf leads the Buds in defensive zone finishes and slipped to third with 152 offensive zone finishes. Rookie Jake Gardiner took over the lead with the most offensive zone finishes (163), edging Phil Kessel by one (162).
Zone Finishes Differential
Adding further salt into the open wound that is Nik Kulemin—s season is the outline of the higher defensive zone finishes both in January and by March 26, then out of the lineup. This spike is also evident in the zone finishes per game (see below).
Attribute some power play usage and starting/finishing in the offensive zone for the spike in Gardiner—s offensive zone finishes, however, and the same can be said of Phaneuf.
One can also make the assumption that the neutral zone spike is due to the amount of goals scored on a porous Leafs crease, necessitating the need for dropping the puck at center ice.
It can—t all be offsides and flipping the pucks over glass that—s cause such an increase. It—s also a testament to putting the captain out on the ice after a goal has been scored. And the Leafs let in a lot of goals, 85 to be exact, in 27 games, or 3.15 per game.
Luke Schenn, another much maligned player, is actually an anomaly when considering zone finishes, both cumulatively and on a per-game basis. The struggling blueliner is showing a positive in offensive zone finishes by a wide margin.
Zone Finishes Per Game as of Jan 30:
Zone Finishes Per Game as of Mar 26:
To further complicate matters, Phil Kessel and Tyler Bozak both show negatives in offensive zone finishes, while linemate Lupul (who was incidentally injured shortly into Carlyle—s tenure) shows a positive zone finish.
Zone Finishes Per Game Differential
Should I even touch upon Colby Armstrong?
Let—s just leave it at that.
Twitter: @Katshockey


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This may sound radical, but the fact is the FRBR does define some subtypes. They don't appear in the three high-level diagrams, so it isn't surprising that many people aren't aware of them. They are present, however in the attributes. Here is the list of attributes for FRBR work:
title of the workI've placed in italics those that are subtypes of work. There are two: musical work, and cartographic work. I would also suggest that "intended termination" could be considered a subtype of "continuing resource", but this is subtle and possibly debatable.
form of work
date of the work
other distinguishing characteristic
intended termination
intended audience
context for the work
medium of performance (musical work)
numeric designation (musical work)
key (musical work)
coordinates (cartographic work)
equinox (cartographic work)
Other subtypes in FRBR are:
Expression: serial, musical notation, recorded sound, cartographic object, remote sensing image, graphic or projected imageThese are the subtypes that are present in FRBR today, but because sub-typing probably was not fully explored, there are likely to be others.
Manifestation: printed book, hand-printed book, serial, sound recording, image, microform, visual projection, electronic resource, remote access electronic resource
Object-oriented design was a response to the need to be able to extend a data model without breaking what is there. Adding a subtype should not interfere with the top-level type nor with other subtypes. It's a tricky act of design, but when executed well it allows you satisfy the special needs that arise in the community while maintaining compatibility of the data.
Since we seem to respond well to pictures, let me provide this idea in pictures, keeping in mind that these are simple examples just to get the idea across.
The above picture models what is in FRBR today, although using the inheritance capability of OO rather than the E-R model where inheritance is not possible. Both musical work and cartographic work have all of the attributes of work, plus their own special attributes.
If it becomes necessary to add other attributes that are specific to a single type, then another sub-type is added. This new subtype does not interfere with any code that is making use of the elements of the super-type "work". It also does not alter what the music and maps librarians must be concerned with, since they are in their own "boxes." As an example, the audio-visual community did an analysis of BIBFRAME and concluded, among other things, that the placement of duration, sound content and color content in the BIBFRAME Instance entity would not serve their needs; instead, they need those elements at the work level.*
*This is an over-simplification of what the A-V community suggested, modified for my purposes here. However, what they do suggest would be served by a more flexible inheritance model than the model currently used in BIBFRAME.


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« Back to Bible School
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Table talk
Six videos exploring Jesus' last meal with His disciples before His death. We look at the lessons He taught, the beauty of fellowship and love around meals, and the power of Communion.
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Work is Worship 2
21 March 2022Gregg Donaldson
Your work matters - it is an act of worship. Do business until He comes.
Course Playlist
Table Talk - Part 1
BY Gregg Donaldson
24 February 2016
Conversations with Jesus. Learning from Jesus' interaction with people over meals - particularly the Last Supper.
Table Talk - Part 3
BY James Matheson
08 March 2016
Jesus displayed true servanthood as an example for us.
Table Talk - Part 2
BY Gregg Donaldson
04 March 2016
Jesus talks to the disciples about how He is the vine and they are the branches. How can we stay connected to the vine?
Table Talk - Part 4
BY Gregg Donaldson
15 March 2016
During His final prayer with His disciples, Jesus speaks about the important subject of Church unity.
Table Talk - Part 5
BY Gregg Donaldson
22 March 2016
The Last Supper was Jesus' preparation for the ultra-marathon He was about to endure. Communion can be that preparation for us.
Table Talk - Part 6
BY Gregg Donaldson
30 March 2016
Jesus is the Passover Lamb - the final sacrifice for all sin.


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