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Species Hobbit | Weapon Sting and Barrow-blade | |
Aliases Frodo of the Nine Fingers,Mr. Underhill,Ring-bearer,Elf-friend,Maura Labingi,Nine Fingered Frodo Book(s) The Fellowship of the RingThe Two TowersThe Return of the KingThe SilmarillionUnfinished Tales Has possessed One Ring, Sting, Mithril shirt Similar |
Frodo baggins hero of middle earth
Frodo Baggins is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, and one of the main protagonists of The Lord of the Rings. Frodo is a hobbit of the Shire who inherits the One Ring from his cousin Bilbo Baggins and undertakes the quest to destroy it in the fires of Mount Doom. He is also mentioned in Tolkien's posthumously published works, The Silmarillion and Unfinished Tales.
A tribute to frodo baggins
Concept and creation
Frodo did not appear until the third draft of A Long-Expected Party (the first chapter of The Lord of the Rings), when he was named Bingo (after a family of toy koala owned by Tolkien's children), son of Bilbo Baggins and Primula Brandybuck. In the fourth draft, he was renamed Bingo Bolger-Baggins, son of Rollo Bolger and Primula Brandybuck. Tolkien did not change the name to Frodo until the third phase of writing, when much of the narrative, as far as the hobbits' arrival in Rivendell, had already taken shape. Prior to this, the name "Frodo" had been used for the character who eventually became Peregrin Took.
Frodo is introduced in The Fellowship of the Ring as the adoptive heir of Bilbo Baggins. The chapter "A Long-expected Party" relates that Frodo's parents Drogo Baggins and Primula Brandybuck had been killed in a boating accident when Frodo was 12; Frodo subsequently spent the next nine years living with his maternal family, the Brandybucks in Brandy Hall. At the age of 21 he was adopted by his cousin, Bilbo, who brought him to live at Bag End. He and Bilbo shared the same birthday, the 22nd of 'September'. It was Bilbo who introduced the Elvish languages to Frodo, and they often shared long walking trips together.
Family and relations
Frodo and Meriadoc Brandybuck are first cousins once removed, since Frodo is first cousin to Meriadoc's father, Saradoc Brandybuck. Their common ancestors are Gorbadoc Brandybuck and Mirabella Took Brandybuck. Frodo is moreover second (through her paternal grandfather Hildigrim Took) and third (through her paternal grandmother Rosa Baggins) cousin to Meriadoc's mother, Esmeralda Took. Frodo is also related to Peregrin Took, being his second and third cousin once removed (Peregrin's father, Paladin Took is, like his sister Esmeralda, second and third cousin to Frodo, as explained above). Even Fredegar Bolger (through his mother Rosamund Took) is second cousin once removed to Frodo. Frodo also shares a close relationship with his gardener Samwise Gamgee although they are not related.
The Fellowship Hobbits' relative ages
The Council of Elrond convened on 25th 'October' T.A. 3018 in Rivendell.
The Fellowship of the Ring
The Fellowship of the Ring opens as Frodo came of age (at 33 years old) and Bilbo left the Shire for good on his one hundred and eleventh birthday. Frodo inherited Bag End and Bilbo's ring, which were both introduced in The Hobbit. Gandalf, at this time, was not certain about the origin of the Ring, so he warned Frodo to avoid using it and to keep it secret. Frodo kept the Ring hidden for 17 years, resulting in it giving him the same longevity of Bilbo, until Gandalf returned to tell him that it was the One Ring of the Dark Lord Sauron, who desired to use it to conquer Middle-earth.
Realizing that he was a danger to the Shire as long as he remained there with the Ring, Frodo decided to leave home and take the Ring to Rivendell, home of Elrond, a mighty Elf lord. He left the Shire with three companions: his gardener Samwise Gamgee and his cousins Meriadoc Brandybuck and Peregrin Took. They escaped just in time, for Sauron's most powerful servants, the Nine Nazgûl, had entered the Shire as Black Riders, looking for Bilbo and the Ring. They followed Frodo's trail across the Shire and nearly intercepted him.
Frodo and his companions escaped the Black Riders by travelling through the Old Forest, but they were misled by the magic of Old Man Willow until they were rescued by Tom Bombadil, who gave them shelter and guided them on their way. After leaving Bombadil, they were caught in fog on the Barrow Downs by Barrow-wights and were entranced under a spell. Frodo broke loose from the spell, attacked the barrow-wight and summoned Tom Bombadil, who again rescued the hobbits and set them on their way.
At the Prancing Pony, an inn in the village of Bree, Frodo received a delayed letter from Gandalf, and met Aragorn, also called Strider, a Ranger of the North. Strider became the hobbits' guide while journeying through the wilderness towards Rivendell. The One Ring slipped onto Frodo's finger inadvertently in the Prancing Pony's common room, turning Frodo invisible. This attracted the attention of Sauron's agents, who ransacked the hobbits' rooms in the night. The group, under Aragorn's guidance, quickly fled through the Midgewater Marshes and again escaped the Nazgûl.
While encamped at Amon Sûl, they were found and attacked by five Nazgûl. The chief of the Nazgûl, known as the Witch-king of Angmar, stabbed Frodo with a Morgul-blade, before Aragorn routed all five of them with fire. A piece of this blade remained in Frodo's shoulder and, working its way towards his heart, threatened to turn him into a wraith under the control of the Witch-king. With the help of his companions and Glorfindel, Frodo was able to evade the remaining Ringwraiths and reach Rivendell. Although almost overcome by his wound, once there he was healed over time by Elrond; it was said and later seen that the wound would never completely heal, however, as it was as much spiritual as physical.
In Rivendell, the Council of Elrond met and resolved to destroy the Ring by casting it into Mount Doom in Mordor, the realm of Sauron. Frodo, realizing that he was destined for this task, stepped forward to be the Ring-bearer. A Fellowship of nine companions was formed to guide and protect him: the hobbits, Gandalf, Aragorn, the dwarf Gimli, the elf Legolas of Mirkwood, and Boromir, a man of Gondor. Together they set out from Rivendell. Frodo was armed with Sting, Bilbo's Elvish knife, and wore Bilbo's coat of Dwarven mail made of mithril. The company, seeking a way over the Misty Mountains, first tried the Pass of Caradhras, but abandoned it in favour of the mines of Moria. In Moria Frodo was stabbed by an Orc-spear, but his coat of mithril armour saved his life. They were led through the mines by Gandalf, until he fell battling a Balrog, and then by Aragorn to Lothlórien. There Galadriel, the Lady of the Woods, gave Frodo an Elven cloak and a phial carrying the Light of Eärendil to aid him on his dangerous quest.
Having then travelled some miles down the Anduin by boat, the Fellowship reached Parth Galen. There, Boromir, having fallen to the lure of the Ring, tried to take it by force from Frodo. Frodo escaped by putting on the Ring and becoming invisible. This event broke the Fellowship; Boromir was later slain defending Merry and Pippin from invading Orcs, who captured the two hobbits. Aragorn, Gimli and Legolas gave him a hero's funeral before setting out after the two hobbits. Frodo chose to continue the quest alone, but Sam followed his master, joining him on the journey to Mordor.
The Two Towers
Frodo and Sam made their way through Emyn Muil, followed by the creature Gollum, who had been tracking the Fellowship since Moria, seeking to reclaim the Ring he had possessed for centuries. After Gollum attacked the hobbits, Frodo subdued him with Sting. He then took pity on Gollum, and spared his life (just as Bilbo had done in The Hobbit), instead binding him to a promise to guide them through the Dead Marshes to the Black Gate, which Gollum did. Gollum said that there was "another way" into Mordor, and Frodo, over Sam's objections, allowed him to lead them south into Ithilien. It was there that they met Faramir, younger brother of Boromir, who took them to Henneth Annûn. There Frodo allowed Gollum to be captured by Faramir, saving Gollum's life but leaving him feeling betrayed by his "master". After giving them provisions, Faramir allowed the two hobbits and Gollum to go on their way, but warned Frodo of Gollum's treachery.
The three of them passed near to Minas Morgul, where the pull of the Ring became almost unbearable. There, they began the long climb up the Endless Stair, and at the top entered the tunnel, not knowing it was the home of the giant spider Shelob. Gollum hoped to deliver the hobbits to her and retake the Ring from her leavings. Shelob stung Frodo, rendering him unconscious, but Sam drove her off with Sting and the Phial of Galadriel. After attempting unsuccessfully to wake Frodo, and unable to find any signs of life, Sam concluded that he was dead and decided that his only option was to take the Ring and continue the quest. However, Orcs from Cirith Ungol soon found Frodo's body and knew that he was not dead. Planning to interrogate him after his awakening, they carried him into the tower at the head of the pass.
The Return of the King
Sam rescued Frodo from the Orcs of Cirith Ungol. After a brief confrontation in which Frodo became enraged that Sam had taken the Ring, Sam restored the Ring to him. The two of them, dressed in scavenged Orc-armour, set off for Mount Doom, trailed by Gollum. They witnessed the plains of Gorgoroth empty at the approach of the Armies of the West, but at one point they barely escaped being drafted into an Orc-band. With the Ring getting closer to its master, Frodo became progressively weaker as its influence grew. After running out of water, they left all unnecessary baggage behind to travel light. As they reached Mount Doom, Gollum reappeared and attacked Frodo, who beat him back. While Sam fought with Gollum, Frodo went on to Sammath Naur within the volcano, where Sauron had forged the Ring. Here, however, Frodo lost the will to destroy the Ring, and instead put it on, claiming it for himself. Gollum got past Sam and attacked the invisible Frodo, biting off his finger, and finally regained his "precious". As he danced around in elation, Gollum lost his balance and fell with the Ring into the lava. The Ring was thus destroyed, and with it Sauron's power. Frodo and Sam were rescued by the reborn Gandalf and several Great Eagles as Mount Doom erupted.
After reuniting with the Fellowship and attending Aragorn's coronation as King of Gondor, the four hobbits returned to the Shire to find it taken over by a gang of ruffians, led initially by Frodo's cousin, Lotho Sackville-Baggins, and then by the fallen wizard Saruman. The four travellers roused their fellow hobbits and led them in driving the ruffians out. There they witnessed the deaths of both Saruman and his henchman Gríma.
Frodo never completely recovered from the physical, emotional and psychological wounds he suffered during the War of the Ring. He was taken ill on the anniversaries of his wounding on Weathertop and his poisoning by Shelob. He briefly served as Deputy Mayor of the Shire, but spent most of his time writing the tale of his travels. Two years after the Ring was destroyed, Frodo and Bilbo as Ring-bearers were granted passage to Valinor — where Frodo might find peace. They boarded a ship at the Grey Havens and together with Gandalf, Elrond and Galadriel, the Keepers of the Three Rings, they passed over the sea and departed Middle-earth. Having no children of his own Frodo left his estate, along with the Red Book of Westmarch, to Sam.
According to Appendix D of The Lord of the Rings, Frodo's birthday was made a festival in Minas Tirith.
"The Sea-Bell"
"The Sea-Bell" was published in Tolkien's 1962 collection of verse The Adventures of Tom Bombadil with the sub-heading Frodos Dreme. Tolkien suggests that this enigmatic, narrative poem represents the despairing dreams that visited Frodo in the Shire in the years following the destruction of the Ring. It relates the otherwise unnamed speaker's journey to a mysterious land across the sea, where he tries but fails to make contact with the people who dwell there. He descends into despair and near-madness, eventually returning to his own country, to find himself utterly alienated from those he once knew.
Characteristics and appearance
Gandalf described Frodo as "taller than some and fairer than most, [with] a cleft in his chin: perky chap with a bright eye." He had thick, curly brown hair like most other hobbits, and had fair skin due to his Fallohide ancestry.
Bilbo and Frodo shared a common birthday on 22nd 'September', but Bilbo was 78 years Frodo's senior. At the opening of The Fellowship of the Ring, Frodo and Bilbo were celebrating their thirty-third and one hundred and eleventh birthdays, respectively. Frodo inherited the Ring at this point, and due to its influence he still appeared about 33 during the War of the Ring, though his age was closer to 50.
Frodo, like Bilbo and his Took ancestors, was considered by many others in Hobbiton to be a little odd. His interest in the outside world and fascination with Elves and faraway places such as Bilbo had visited in The Hobbit were uncommon among hobbits.
When the hobbits were waylaid by the Barrow-wight, they found long daggers made by Dúnedain in the wight's treasure. These served as short-swords for the hobbits, but Frodo's was broken when he resisted the Witch-king at the Ford of Bruinen. Later, Bilbo gave Frodo Sting, a magic Elvish dagger, and a coat of mithril chain mail. The mail saved him from injury or death on four occasions, deflecting a spear-point and an Orc-arrow in the Mines of Moria, another Orc-arrow along the Anduin, and finally Saruman's knife at Bag End. Frodo wounded the Barrow-wight and a cave troll, but never killed anyone.
Like other members of the Fellowship of the Ring, Frodo received in Lórien a special cloak from Galadriel, which allowed him to blend in with natural surroundings. Galadriel also gave him a vial that reflected the light of Eärendil, the Evenstar, (and, by extension, of the Two Trees of Valinor).
He was very compassionate, pitying Gollum and allowing him to guide him and Sam to Mordor despite Sam's distrust of the creature. This act of kindness later proved to be a factor in the quest's success in destroying the Ring.
The influence of the Ring and the wound by the Morgul-blade, along with subsequent healing by Elrond, had seemingly combined to give him the ability to see into the spirit world; he sees faraway events in dreams on several occasions. He also can see the ring of power worn by Galadriel.
In Gondor, Arwen Evenstar gave him a white jewel on a silver chain, saying that if the memory of his dark journey and his painful wounds continued to trouble him, he could depart to Valinor for a time. The book states that he "wore always a white gem like a star, that he often would finger."
Names and titles
Frodo is referred to by several names and titles in The Lord of the Rings. On leaving the Shire he uses the alias 'Mr Underhill'. Gildor Inglorion calls him 'Elf-friend' in acknowledgement of his ability to speak Elvish. After the Council of Elrond he is given the title 'Ring-bearer'. After the fulfilment of the quest he is referred to by the bards as 'Nine-fingered Frodo' or 'Frodo of the Nine Fingers', after Gollum, in an effort to steal the Ring, bit off his finger in order to get it off of the invisible Frodo.
Frodo is the only prominent hobbit whose name is not explained in Tolkien's Appendices to The Lord of the Rings. In his letters Tolkien states that it is derived from Old English fród meaning "wise by experience". A character from Norse mythology called Fróði is mentioned in Beowulf, where it is rendered in Old English as Froda. Tolkien did mention he changed final a's to final o's in male Hobbit names.
In the early drafts of The Lord of the Rings the principal character is called Bingo Baggins; the name Frodo is given to another hobbit. In the drafts of the final chapters of The Lord of the Rings published by Christopher Tolkien as Sauron Defeated, Gandalf names Frodo Bronwe athan Harthad (Endurance Beyond Hope) after the destruction of the Ring. Tolkien states that Frodo's name in the fictional language of Westron was Maura Labingi. His name in Sindarin (another of Tolkien's invented languages) appears to have been Iorhael, which is derived from ior meaning 'old' and hael meaning "wise". In The Return of the King he is also referred to by the name 'Daur', a Sindarin word meaning "noble" (or perhaps "Wise by experience," if it means the same as "Frodo" does.)
In Ralph Bakshi's 1978 animated version of The Lord of the Rings, Frodo was voiced by Christopher Guard.
In the 1980 Rankin/Bass animated version of The Return of the King, made for television, the character was voiced by Orson Bean, who had previously played Bilbo in the same company's adaptation of The Hobbit.
In the 1981 BBC radio serial of The Lord of the Rings, Frodo is played by Ian Holm, who later played Bilbo in Peter Jackson's film adaptation of The Lord of the Rings.
In the 1993 television miniseries Hobitit by Finnish broadcaster Yle, Frodo is played by Taneli Mäkelä.
In The Lord of the Rings film trilogy (2001-2003) directed by Peter Jackson, Frodo is played by American actor Elijah Wood. The timeline in Jackson's movie trilogy is simplified and much shorter than in the novel; in the movie Frodo sets out on his adventure a few months after inheriting Bag End and Bilbo's possessions, including the Ring. Consequently, he is the same age as his friends - Sam, Merry, and Pippin - when he begins his adventure. Dan Timmons writes in the Mythopoeic Society's Tolkien on Film: Essays on Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings (Mythopoeic Press, 2005) that the themes and internal logic of the Jackson films are undermined by the portrayal of Frodo, whom he considers a weakening of Tolkien's original. Elijah Wood reprised his role of Frodo in The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, the first part of The Hobbit trilogy (2012-2014).
On stage, Frodo was portrayed by James Loye in the three-hour stage production of The Lord of the Rings, which opened in Toronto in 2006, and was brought to London in 2007. In the United States, Frodo was portrayed by Joe Sofranko in the Cincinnati productions of The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002), and The Return of the King (2003) for Clear Stage Cincinnati. In Chicago, Patrick Blashill played Frodo in the Lifeline Theatre production of The Two Towers in 1999.


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Small Town Monsters Teams with Terror Films to expand the release of Invasion on Chestnut Ridge!
Terror Films is teaming up again with award winning filmmaker Seth Breedlove for his latest documentary, Invasion on Chestnut Ridge. The genre label has set a release date for Tuesday, January 16, 2018, on most VOD platforms.
This film examines the history and continuation of unusual happenings on and around Chestnut Ridge, a mountain range located in Southwest Pennsylvania. The unexplained phenomenon in this region includes the Kecksburg UFO crash in 1965, the Uniontown Bigfoot and UFO sightings, terrifying encounters with an enormous prehistoric bird in Keystone State Park and much more.
Invasion on Chestnut Ridge was written, edited and directed by Breedlove as part of his "Small Town Monsters" series, which premiered on Amazon in October 2017 – to positive acclaim.
Terror Films will expand the film's release to multiple platforms, shortly. Also, this marks the third collaboration between Breedlove and Terror Films. Previous titles include have included The Mothman of Point Pleasant and Boggy Creek Monster. As well, the expansion will include: iTunes, Vudu, Google Play and Xbox in North America with a Worldwide digital expansion to follow via iTunes International and iFlix. Additional platforms, VOD and a DVD release will follow at a later date.
The official synopsis: In southwestern Pennsylvania lies an expansive mountain range called the Chestnut Ridge. Though a home for unusual activity since the 1800s, the area has been largely overlooked…until now!
[embedyt] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUHc2eKiJ9Y[/embedyt]

subset: commoncrawl


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Training Programs
BTU offers research and training in Biotechnology through a unique interdisciplinary program. The Biotechnology Training Program provides excellent training for school leavers, undergraduates, medical officers and scientists who plan to work in the biotechnology industry directly, or carry out research in a university concerned with this dynamic emerging new field. The program stresses the interdisciplinary nature of biotechnology training through course work, laboratory work, research and other opportunities that broaden the students' training in and understanding of modern biotechnology.
Advanced School in Biotechnology ( Click Here For More Info)
Certificate Courses Provided at BioTechnology Unit ( Click Here For More Info)
DNA Day School ( Click Here For More Info)
Workshop on Molecular Microbiology ( Click Here For More Info)
Provide training for students, medical officers and scientists for those who wish to obtain a foundation in theoretical and practical aspects of molecular biology, genetics and genomics
- Certificate courses in Biotechnology
This course targets school leavers, university students and anyone who is interested in getting familiar with fundementals of Biotechnology. The course provides theoretical and practical aspects of biotechnology & molecular biology.
For those who already have exposed to biotechnology field, we offer great opportunities to engage in research projects under supervision of experts in the Biotechnology Unit
The course helps students to decide whether to pursue higher studies in Biotechnology.
- BTU continues to provide academic support through supervision and training of researchers and students at post graduate and undergraduate level.
Last Updated on Thursday, 14 March 2019 14:33


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Opinion: Make the debate over guns worthy of our son
By Mark Barden and Jackie Barden
Wednesday's Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on gun violence is the latest in a series of events following the Dec. 14 shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary School. Our 7-year-old son, Daniel, 19 of his first-grade classmates and six educators were killed in the tragedy. We believe this hearing is an opportunity to rise above the hard-line rhetoric and intransigence that too often lead to inaction and hopelessness, and we hope that our leaders and our nation will start a new conversation with a chance of achieving real change.
Our Daniel was a constant source of laughter and joy. He was intelligent, articulate, incredibly affectionate, fair, thoughtful toward others and unfailingly polite. Daniel believed in holding doors open for strangers. He talked to the person sitting alone. He loved to help clean up a mess, and he made sure there was enough milk for everyone before adding it to his cereal.
His kindergarten teacher recently wrote to us: "He is the kind of student that should come wrapped in ribbon because he is a gift to his teachers. I can remember leaving notes for our substitute to 'ask Daniel' if she or he needed help with anything."
Motivated by Daniel's empathy and kindness, one of our relatives created a Facebook page, "What Would Daniel Do?," to inspire others to reach out as our youngest son did.
As lawmakers and others discuss what can be done to curb gun violence, we hope Americans will ask, What would Daniel do?
Daniel would listen and be respectful. Our country needs a new dialogue, one that doesn't follow the tired script of political squabbling. Any improvement to our laws, no matter how small or reasonable, should not be decried as the forward wave of an attempt to "ban guns" or "take away rights." Even those of us who have lost the most are suggesting no such thing.
Daniel would be honest. We know that there are no easy answers to these multifaceted issues. Anyone who suggests that a single law would "solve the problem" isn't telling the truth. But neither is anyone who says that changes in our laws can't make a difference.
Daniel wouldn't give up hope. We refuse to accept the status quo. Making our society safer will require sustained, comprehensive action by individuals as well as by communities and government. As parents, there is nothing more important to us than our relationship with our children. Every parent can start right there, in their own home. On a broader level, it is urgent that we address the gaps in our mental health system and examine school security. We must have the same open dialogue about gun responsibility and accountability. The parental desire to love and protect our children is common ground for gun owners and non-gun owners alike.
We have joined with other families, neighbors and friends in making the Sandy Hook Promise (www.sandyhookpromise.org). We hope every member of Congress and Americans nationwide will join us in pledging to honor the lives lost last month by coming together to end these violent tragedies.
Our Daniel wanted to be a fireman like his uncles. He played drums in our family band, and he could run like the wind. Until Dec. 14, Daniel's future was limited only by the size of his dreams.
Our son's future was stolen from him: There will be no firehouse, no more rock band, no Boston Marathon.
But if our nation uses this moment to make the future brighter for other children, Daniel's life and the lives of his classmates and educators will have meaning for years to come.
Our nation's ability to deal with gun violence is limited only by the civility of our discourse, the scope of our ambitions and — as Daniel would have done — our willingness to come together and take action.
Mark Barden is a musician and Jackie Barden is a teacher. They live in Newtown, Conn. This column first appeared in the Washington Post.


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Has motorization in the US reached its peak?
ANN ARBOR—Fewer light vehicles are on America's roads today than five years ago, thanks possibly to increases in telecommuting and public transportation, says a University of Michigan researcher.
Michael Sivak, a research professor at the U-M Transportation Research Institute, studied recent trends in the numbers of registered cars, pickup trucks, SUVs and vans in the U.S. from 1984 to 2011. He examined both the absolute numbers and rates per person, per licensed driver and per household.
Sivak found that the absolute number of registered vehicles reached a maximum of 236.4 million in 2008, 2.6 million more than in 2011.
"It is likely that this was only a temporary maximum and that the decline after 2008 was primarily driven by the current economic downturn that started that year," Sivak said. "Consequently, with the improving economy and the expected increase in the U.S. population, it is highly likely that from a long-term perspective, the absolute number of vehicles has not yet peaked."
He found, however, that rates of vehicles per person, per licensed driver and per household reached their highest levels most recently in 2006—two years before the economy stalled. The rates that year were 0.79 vehicles per person, 1.16 per licensed driver and 2.05 per household. In 2011, the rates were 0.75, 1.10 and 1.95, respectively.
"It is likely that the declines in these rates prior to the current economic downturn reflect other societal changes that influence the need for vehicles—such as increases in telecommuting and in the use of public transportation," Sivak said.
Sivak said that changes in the rates from 2008 on, however, likely reflect both the economy and a variety of societal changes.
"Whether the recent maxima in the rates will represent long-term peaks, as well, will be influenced by the extent to which the relevant societal changes turn out to be permanent," he said.
U-M Sustainability fosters a more sustainable world through collaborations across campus and beyond aimed at educating students, generating new knowledge, and minimizing our environmental footprint. Learn more at sustainability.umich.edu.


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- Home
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- Illicit Discharge Detection & Elimination
Illicit Discharge Detection & Elimination
What is an illicit discharge?
The City of Arroyo Grande's Municipal Code defines an illicit discharge as: "Illegal discharge" shall mean any direct or indirect non-stormwater discharge to the storm drain system including discharges from commercial and non-profit car washes, mobile cleaning services, pressure washing operations and non-stormwater runoff from irrigated areas that is not considered incidental runoff except as exempted in Section 13.25.060. Illegal discharges are also any discharge that may cause or threaten to cause or contributes to an exceedance of any water quality standard in a Statewide Water Quality Control Plan, the California Toxics Rule, or the Basin Plan.
What are common violations?
Common violations include construction site discharges (cement slurry, paint, etc.), commercial washing (power washing buildings and patios, car washing, dumping of mop water), and litter/illegal dumping.
There are instances of discharges that are not considered violations, including:
- Uncontaminated incidental runoff from landscape irrigation
- Water line flushing
- Foundation drains/crawl space pumps
- Air conditioning condensate
- Individual residential automobile washing.
See AGMC Section 13.25.060 for a full list of non-storm water discharges allowed provided there are appropriate control measures.
Illicit Discharge Enforcement
In the event the violation constitutes an immediate danger to public health or public safety, the City is authorized to enter upon the subject private property, without giving prior notice, to take any and all measures necessary to abate the violation and/or restore the property.
The City may take the following actions in the event of a violation:
- Warning Notice requesting immediate investigation and resolution
- Notice of Violation ordering compliance and outlining remedial measures
- Penalties in the event that the violator fails to comply with the remedial measures set forth in the notice of violation
- Compensatory Action for alternative options to enforcement proceedings, penalties, and remedial actions
For more information on violations see AGMC Section 13.25.080.
Report Illicit Discharge
Use the following link to report any suspicious non-storm water discharge. This information will be sent to the City of Arroyo Grande Public Works Department staff. If you are reporting a violation outside of regular business hours (Monday through Friday 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.), it will be responded to on the next business day.


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(Note: The GRE subject test in mathematics is completely different from the math section of the General GRE so if you are looking for advice on triangles and circles then this page will NOT help. If you have not already done so, you might want to take a look at the free test preparation materials put out by ETS.org.
A concise overview of the Mathematics GRE Subject Test and the material it covers can be found on the ETS.org. (Note: PhysicsGRE.com is NOT affiliated with the Educational Testing Service or the Graduate Record Examinations)
I believe that working large amounts of practice multiple-choice problems is an important part of preparing for the Physics GRE. This same mode of thinking translates directly to the Math GRE Subject Test. Below I list some sources of multiple-choice problems to help you prepare for the GRE subject test in math.
Free ETS Mathematics Problems:
- Free ETS sample subject test (http://www.ets.org) - I would consider this free sample Math GRE Subject Test (GR9768) essential to ones preparation for the Mathematics GRE.
- ETS Major Field Test samples(http://www.ets.org) - Why not work through these 10 free ETS sample questions "designed to measure the basic knowledge and understanding achieved by senior undergraduates in their major field of study" (i.e. Similar to Mathematics GRE).
- Please contact me if you know of any other resources that have good multiple-choice problems that can be used in preparation for the Mathematics Subject Test.
Books Pertaining Directly to the GRE Subject Test in Mathematics:
- [isbn=0446396508]GRE Practicing to Take the Mathematics Test 3rd Edition[/isbn] by ETS
(Note: This is a very difficult book to get a hold of. If you can not find a copy for a reasonable price on the Internet then I would suggest you ask some graduate students, check your library (and interlibrary loan), and try to network with classmates who may have a copy.) Anyway, this book was written by the makers of the Math GRE Subject Test and it contains two previously administered exams. According to an Amazon book review, one of the sample tests is the same as the free GR9768 download listed above. So basically you are paying for just one additional sample test. If you find the problems in the free GR9768 download listed above helpful, then you may want to look into this book and perhaps the earlier editions. Note: I am not sure if earlier editions use the same tests as later editions. If any of you figure out this mystery them please let me know. - Cracking the GRE Math Test (isbn=0375762671) (Subject Test) by Princeton Review: ISBN 0375762671 - I believe this is quite a nice book to help one prepare for the GRE subject test in math. It reviews the main topics found on the Mathematics GRE (with example problems) and then give you multiple-choice sample questions to work through (160 multiple-choice sample questions in total with solutions). The book finishes with a 65 question sample test that tries to resemble the math GRE subject test (with solutions). Note: The problems in this book are well thought out. However, unlike the ETS book referenced above, this book does not contain previously administered Mathematics GRE Subject Test questions. Nonetheless, I would highly recommend this book (Disclaimer: I studied Engineering and Physics and never took the Mathematics GRE - but I believe I still know a good book when I see one.)
- The Best Test Preparation for the GRE Mathematics (isbn=0878916377) by REA: ISBN 0878916377 - I really get a kick out of REA calling their books the "Best Test Preparation for the GRE". They have one of these "Best" books for the Physics GRE and, similar to the Mathematics GRE, its reputation is not incredibly favorable. A lot of the complaints about this math book revolve around errors in the book and also that the questions are not entirely representative of the GRE subject test in Math. However, this book contains 6 full length sample Mathematics GRE exams and I would imagine that there are a very good number of quality problems to be found within the pages.
- Please contact me if you know of any other books pertaining directly to the Mathematics GRE.
Other Books and Resources that have Multiple-Choice Problems Similar in content to the GRE Math Subject Test:
- GRE Practicing to Take the Engineering Test 3rd Edition (isbn=0446395773) by ETS
This book contains 194 practice problems and an actual FORM9337 Engineering GRE Test which contains 140 problems. About 25% of the Engineering GRE involves direct "Math Usage" which tests ones background on differential and integral calculus, vector analysis, differential equations, linear algebra, numerical analysis, and probability and statistics. I recommend this book because it was written by ETS (i.e. the makers of Mathematics GRE) and because you can usually get a used copy of GRE Practicing to Take the Engineering Test for an affordable price since the Engineering GRE has been discontinued. Note: You may want to compare the prices on the two book links above as they often fluctuate. Note: If you find this book helpful then you might want to take a look at some of the other books I reference on the Engineering GRE page. - AP Calculus Exams - There are loads of quality, yet basic multiple-choice calculus problems just waiting to try and expose any weakness you have with the basics. These problems provide an efficient review and are also a great way to work on your problem solving speed, accuracy and endurance. Amazon search for "AP Calculus"
How To Utilize this Website's Preparation Advice
Contrary to this particular page, this website is devoted to helping students prepare for the Physics GRE. However, with that in mind, this site can still help you prepare for the Mathematics GRE Subject Test. The Physics GRE preparation advice page is highly relevant to your preparation for the Mathematics GRE Subject Test (Wherever you see "Physics" think about how it could apply to "Mathematics"). Also, some links off of that page that are relevant to the Mathematics GRE are working practice problems, advice on taking sample tests, benefits of testing answers, and dealing with unfamiliar material (Wherever you see "Physics" think about how it could apply to "Mathematics").
I hope you found this page useful to your Mathematics GRE preparation efforts. However, any comments and suggestions from math majors about how to improve this page would be greatly appreciated.


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Playsuit: Urban Outfitters. Cardigan: Topshop. Head Band: Primark.
Satchel: Urban Outfitters. Loafers: TopShop.
Not having the boy (or the time!) for full photo shoots has made me resourceful! I've installed the hipstamatic app on my iPhone and I'm showing you guys my costumes for Bedlam.
I like to work really closely with the costume designer and find a look that both feels right for the character and also still looks current and fresh. For the character of Molly we've gone with a lots of layers and flirty florals- very different from my own personal style but there are definitely pieces that I want to steal and make my own!


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Tuck Everlasting's Andrew Keenan-Bolger Is Broadway.com's New Vlogger
Tuck Everlasting star Andrew Keenan-Bolger is set to go behind the lens as Broadway.com's latest video blogger. Look out for the new series: Forever 17: Backstage at Tuck Everlasting with Andrew Keenan-Bolger beginning on April 11.
Keenan-Bolger, who plays Jesse Tuck in the new musical, will grab a camera (something he's used to at this point) and offer a glimpse of the backstage excitement at the Broadhurst Theatre. Be on the lookout for appearances from his forever young co-stars, including Carolee Carmello, Terrence Mann and newcomer Sarah Charles Lewis.
Prior to starring in Tuck Everlasting, Keenan-Bolger appeared on Broadway in Newsies, Mary Poppins, Seussical and Beauty and the Beast. His additional credits include The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee, Ragtime and How the Grinch Stole Christmas on stage and The Rewrite, Marci X and Looking on screen.
Catch Forever 17 every Monday forever and ever and ever for eight weeks.


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It aims to restore the water quality of Manila Bay in accordance with the Writ of Continuing Mandamus of the Supreme Court.
On January 27, 2019, DENR Secretary Roy A. Cimatu officially declared the start of the Manila Rehabilitation at the Baywalk in Manila. On hand to witness the declaration, and also joined in the earlier event of Solidarity Walk from the Quirino Grandstand to the staging area (Baywalk), were about 5,000 individuals, mostly representing the 13 Mandamus agencies, local government units, and private sector.
Calling it the "Battle for Manila Bay," Cimatu, a former Armed Forces chief, said: "This is one battle that will be won not with force or arms, but with the firm resolve to bring Manila Bay back to life."
He added: "With the commitment and determination of every Filipino to do his share in this rehabilitation effort, we have already won the battle for Manila Bay."
Phase 1- Cleanup/Water Quality Improvement
- Cleanup of designated esteros and waterways;
- Reduce fecal coliform level and toxic discharges from houses and establishments by causing connection to existing STPs and requiring STPs for gov't, commercial, industrial, and educational establishments;
- Inspect and repair leaks in old sewer lines;
- Provide temporary sanitation facilities to informal settlers residing along esteros and shorelines pending relocation;
- Implement solid waste management; and
- Start planning for the relocation of informal settlers
Phase 2 – Rehabilitation and Resettlement
- Rehabilitation of old sewer lines in NCR
- Relocation of informal settlers
- Ensure completion of 340 MLD of Maynilad and Manila Water by 2022
Phase 3 – Education and Sustainment
- Continuing education of citizens to protect the gains
- Sustained law enforcement and monitoring
- Fast tracking/ Earlier completion of the sewerage system in Metro Manila from 2037 to 2026
The Manila Bay Area:
- The Manila Bay area covers eight (8) provinces and 178 local government units in three regions of the country, namely: National Capital Region (NCR), Region III, and Region IV-A. Of the eight provinces, four are coastal (Bataan, Bulacan, Cavite and Pampanga); four are non-coastal (Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Rizal and Tarlac).
- Its drainage area covers 1,994 km2, or 199,400 hectares.
- Its coastline measures some 190 kilometers.
- There are 17 principal river systems draining to Manila Bay, namely:
- Angat River
- Bocaue River
- Maria River
- Marilao River
- Meycauayan
- Meycauayan-Valenzuela River
- Pasig River
- Parañaque River
- Imus River
- Ylang-ylang River
- Rio Grande
- Cañas River
- Obando River
- Navotas-Malabon-Tinajeros-Tullahan River
- Talisay River
- Guagua River
- Pampanga River
SC Mandamus on Manila Bay
- On Dec. 18, 2008, the Supreme Court issued SC Mandamus on Manila Bay (G.R. 171947-48) directing 13 government agencies to clean up, rehabilitate, and preserve Manila Bay, and restore and maintain its waters to SB level to make them fit for swimming, skin-diving, and other forms of contact recreation.
- DENR Administrative Order No. 34 of 1990 defines coastal and marines waters under Class SB classification as areas regularly used by the public for bathing, swimming and skin diving, etc., and as spawning areas for Chanos chanos or bangus abd similar species.
- The 13 Mandamus agencies are as follows:
- DepEd
- Philippine Coast Guard (PCG)
- Philippine National Police-Maritime Group (PNP-MG)
- Philippine Ports Authority (PPA)
- Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA)
- Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS)
- Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA)
- For the DENR, the SC ordered the agency to:
- Fully implement its Operational Plan for the Manila Bay Coastal Strategy (OPMBCS) that are within its mandate pursuant to Executive Order No. 192, s. 1987;
- Regularly coordinate with mandamus agencies and other concerned agencies involved in management of Manila Bay on effective implementation of OPMBCS;
- Pursuant to Sec. 19 of RA 9275, manage water quality of Manila Bay thru standards setting, regular monitoring and determination of Water Quality Management Areas (WQMA).
- The Mandamus likewise orders the dismantling and removal of illegal structures along the following waterways:
- Pasig-Marikina-San Juan Rivers
- NCR (Paranaque-Zapote, Las Pinas) Rivers
- Navotas-Malabon-Tullahan-Tinajeros and connecting waterways and esteros in Metro Manila
- Rivers in Bulacan, Bataan, Cavite and Laguna de Bay and other rivers connecting waterways and esteros that discharge wastewater into the Manila Bay
- Other facts and figures about Manila Bay
- Only 15% (2.4M/16.3M) of the water-served population in the NCR are connected to a sewerage system and about 3.84% (187,000/4,863,938) of water served population outside the NCR are provided with sanitation services;
- Almost 233,000 informal settler families (ISFs) are residing along the waterways of the Manila Bay area, directly discharging their wastes to the water;
- Only about 76% (135/178) of LGUs have approved 10-Year Solid Waste Management Plans
Frequently Ask Questions (FAQs) on the Dolomite and the Beach Nourishment Project |
Other references: NEDA's Manila Bay Sustanable Development Master Plan (MBSDMP)
To know more about Manila Bay Clean Up program, click here
- Details
- Published: 11 January 2019


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As an employee or job applicant, you can expect fair treatment and equal employment opportunity in the Unified Court System. However, if you believe you have been discriminated against in an employment-related matter, there is an informal procedure you can use an Anti-Discrimination Panel.
What is an Anti-Discrimination Panel?
An Anti-Discrimination Panel is an informal alternative complaint procedure you can use to address and resolve claims of bias, discrimination and sexual harassment related to your employment. Panel members are judges and nonjudicial employees who have received special training.
How can someone from an Anti-Discrimination Panel help me?
Panel members are available to listen and offer alternatives for resolution to biased, discriminatory or sexually harassing behaviors. They can also act as an intermediary to help you resolve the problem if you wish. They provide support, information and options.
All discussions are kept as confidential as possible. You should be aware, however, that complete confidentiality restricts your options and may make it difficult to try to resolve the problem.
Speaking with a member of the Anti-Discrimination Panel does not prevent you from filing a formal claim. Panel members can direct you to the proper channels to file a formal complaint.
How do I contact someone on an Anti-Discrimination Panel?
Your supervisor, Chief Clerk or District Executive for your Judicial District or New York City Court can provide you with the names of panel members in your jurisdiction.
You may speak with any panel member in any Judicial District or New York City Court.
You may also contact the office of Workforce Diversity at (212) 428-2540 or by E-mail to email@example.com.


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This article is more than 1 year old
Sky punts 'truly unlimited' 20Mb/s broadband
No caps, traffic shaping or fair use policy, says ISP
Sky is set to become the first broadband provider to offer free internet access for all customers at speeds of up to 20Mb/s, the satellite TV broadcaster claimed today.
There's a catch: to qualify for the free package, called Sky Everyday Lite, users must be Sky TV subscribers and signed up to the firm's Sky Talk phone service. Downloads are capped at 2GB a month.
The package will be made available on 1 June.
On the same day, Sky also introduces Sky Unlimited, a £7.50-a-month package that is, it claims, truly unlimited - there will be "no usage caps, fair use policies or traffic management".
Sky "maintains its commitment to being the only major ISP not to... 'traffic shape' speeds on any of its network products, giving its customers consistent, reliable broadband anytime of day", it said.
Traffic shaping is the process of monitoring a user's download activity and throttling back bandwidth if certain applications, such as BitTorrent file-sharing or video streaming, are used repeatedly. Other ISPs, including 3, O2 and Virgin Media, do this for certain subscriber groups. Providers who do claim that their measures affect very few users. ®


text: Hi Jorg To clarify what is going on, I would try the cpi.c (comes with MPICH2), or the "connectivity_c.c", "ring_c.c" (come with OpenMPI) programs. Get them with the source code in the MPICH2 and OpenMPI sites. These programs are in the "examples" directories. Compiliation is straightforward with mpicc. Run these programs on one node (4 processes) first, then on several nodes (say -np 8, -np 12, etc). Remember OpenMPI mpiexec has the "-byslot" and "-bynode" options that allow you to experiment with different process vs. core/node configurations (see "man mpiexec"). If cpi.c runs, then it should not be an OpenMPI problem, or with your network, etc. This will narrow your investigation also. I know nothing about your programs, but I find strange that it starts more processes than you request. As noted by Glen this used to be the case with the old MPICH1, which you are not using. Hence, your program seems to be doing stuff under the hood, and beyond mpiexec. In any case, have you tried "mpiexec -np 3 newchem" (if 3 is an acceptable number for newchem)? Also, not being the administrator doesn't prevent you from installing a newer OpenMPI (current version is 1.4) from source code in your area and using it. You just need to set the right PATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH, and MANPATH to your own OpenMPI on your .bashrc/.cshrc file. I am no expert, just a user, but here is what I think may be happening. Oversubscribing processors/cores leads to context switching across the processes, which is a killer for MPI performance. Oversubscribing memory (e.g. total of all user processes memory above 80% or so), leads to memory paging, another performance killer. I would guess both situations open plenty of opportunity for gridlocks, one process trying to communicate with another that is on hold, and when the other that is on hold becomes active, the one that was trying to talk goes on hold, and so on. Sometimes the programs just hang, sometimes one MPI process goes astray losing communication with the others. Something like this may be happening to you. I think the message is: MPI and oversubscription (of processors or memory) don't mix well. Gus Correa --------------------------------------------------------------------- Gustavo Correa Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory - Columbia University Palisades, NY, 10964-8000 - USA --------------------------------------------------------------------- Jörg Saßmannshausen wrote: > Hi guys, > > ok, some more information. > I am using OpenMPI-1.2.8 and I only start 4 processes per node. So my hostfile > looks like that: > comp12 slots=4 > comp18 slots=4 > comp08 slots=4 > > And yes, one process is the idle one which does things in the background. I > have observed similar degradions before with a different program (GAMESS) > where in the end, running a job on one node was _faster_ then running it on > more than one nodes. Clearly, there is a problem here. > > Interesting to note that the fith process is consuming memory as well, I did > not see that at the time when I posted it. That is somehow odd as well, as a > different calculation (same program) does not show that behaviour. I assume > it is one extra process per job-group which will act as a master or shepherd > for the slave processes. I know that GAMESS (which does not use MPI but ddi) > has one additional process as data-server. > > IIRC, the extra process does come from NWChem, but I doubt I am > oversubscribing the node as it usually should not do much, as mentioned > before. > > I am still wondering whether that could be a network issue? > > Thanks for your comments! > > All the best > > Jorg > > > On Wednesday 16 December 2009 04:42:59 beowulf-request at beowulf.org wrote: >> Hi Glen, Jorg >> >> Glen: Yes, you are right about MPICH1/P4 starting extra processes. >> However, I wonder if that is what is happening to Jorg, >> of if what he reported is just plain CPU oversubscription. >> >> Jorg: Do you use MPICH1/P4? >> How many processes did you launch on a single node, four or five? >> >> Glen: Out of curiosity, I dug out the MPICH1/P4 I still have on an >> old system, compiled and ran "cpi.c". >> Indeed there are extra processes there, besides the ones that >> I intentionally started in the mpirun command line. >> When I launch two processes on a two-single-core-CPU machine, >> I also get two (not only one) extra processes, in a total of four. >> >> However, as you mentioned, >> the extra processes do not seem to use any significant CPU. >> Top shows the two actual processes close to 100% and the >> extra ones close to zero. >> Furthermore, the extra processes don't use any >> significant memory either. >> >> Anyway, in Jorg's case all processes consumed about >> the same (low) amount of CPU, but ~15% memory each, >> and there were 5 processes (only one "extra"?, is it one per CPU socket? >> is it one per core? one per node?). >> Hence, I would guess Jorg's context is different. >> But ... who knows ... only Jorg can clarify. >> >> These extra processes seem to be related to the >> mechanism used by MPICH1/P4 to launch MPI programs. >> They don't seem to appear in recent OpenMPI or MPICH2, >> which have other launching mechanisms. >> Hence my guess that Jorg had an oversubscription problem. >> >> Considering that MPICH1/P4 is old, no longer maintained, >> and seems to cause more distress than joy in current kernels, >> I would not recommend it to Jorg or to anybody anyway. >> >> Thank you, >> Gus Correa >> --------------------------------------------------------------------- >> Gustavo Correa >> Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory - Columbia University >> Palisades, NY, 10964-8000 - USA >> --------------------------------------------------------------------- >


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Q.1. What is Permanent Account Number (PAN) Card? Ans: Permanent Account Number (PAN) is a ten-digit alphanumeric number, issued by the ...
Q.1. What is Permanent Account Number (PAN) Card?
Ans: Permanent Account Number (PAN) is a ten-digit alphanumeric number, issued by the Income Tax Department of India to any "person" to facilitate him in making tax payments filing, returns and claiming refunds. The number, along with other relevant details, is printed on a card called PAN card.
Q.2. Are QFIs required to obtain PAN Card to comply with tax norms in India?
Ans: Yes. Under the current provisions, QFIs would be required to obtain PAN card. The process of obtaining a PAN card is simple, and user friendly. An application can be filed by a foreign investor online and the process can be completed within 2 to 3 weeks.
Q.3. What are the benefits to QFIs of having a PAN Card?
Ans: QFIs who have a PAN card would be eligible for tax deduction at source (TDS) as per the rates applicable in the Double Taxation Avoidance Treaty (DTAA) of the country of which the QFI is a resident, if it is more beneficial than the rate prescribed under the domestic law. If a QFI has not obtained a PAN card it would be subject to a higher rate of tax deduction under Section 206 AA of Income Tax Act, 1961.
Q.4. How QFIs can apply for a PAN Card?
Ans: In order to facilitate QFIs in applying for a PAN as well as to comply with Know your Customer (KYC) norms of the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI), a combined form (FORM 49 AA) has been notified by the Central Board of Direct Tax (CBDT). Form 49 AA and detailed instructions regarding how it is to be filled up are available at :
http://law.incometaxindia.gov.in/DITTaxmann/IncomeTaxRules/pdf/itr62form49 aa.pdf
http://law.incometaxindia.gov.in/DITTaxmann/IncomeTaxRules/pdf/Not58_2011. pdf
Q.5. Can QFIs make an On-line application for PAN Card?
Ans: Yes, application for allotment of PAN can be made online through the Internet. Further, requests for changes or correction in PAN data or request for reprint of PAN card (for an existing PAN) may also be made through the Internet. Online application can be made either through the portal of National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) (https://tin.tin.nsdl.com/pan/index.html)
or portal of UTI Infrastructure Technology and Services Limited (UTITSL) (http://www.utitsl.co.in/utitsl/uti/newapp/new-pan-application.jsp). Supporting documents required to be submitted by QFIs to obtain PAN card are listed at the following link:
http://law.incometaxindia.gov.in/DITTaxmann/IncomeTaxRules/pdf/Not58_2011. pdf
Q.6. What are the attestation requirements for a QFI for obtaining PAN card?
Ans: For a QFI who is an individual, Rule 114 of the Income Tax Rules, 1961 read with Form No. 49AA, requires a copy of the passport to be filed (without any attestation), this will be taken as both proof of identity and proof of residence. For QFIs other than individuals, the process requires filing of copy of certificate of registration duly attested by an "apostille" or at the Indian Embassy in that country.
In order to meet the know you client (KYC) requirements as prescribed by Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI), the list of documents to be submitted by a QFI for KYC are available at:
Q.7. What are the tax related responsibilities of Qualified Depository Participants (QDPs)?
Ans: In order to facilitate investments by QFIs, the QDPs have been assigned the responsibility to act as a single point of contact for QFIs for all purposes including tax. For tax purposes, a QDP will facilitate the QFI to obtain a PAN card. QDPs will be responsible for any withholding tax in India before making remittance to QFIs. QDPs will also be treated as a representative assessee/agent of the QFI. For this purpose QDPs would be required to submit a declaration that they have no objection to being treated as a representative assessee/agent of QFI. A QDP may ensure that the broker engaged by it for undertaking QFI transactions deducts and deposits tax at source failing which the QDP should deduct and deposit the tax on such transactions.
Q.8. Can QFIs claim refund from Income Tax Department in India?
Ans: Yes. QFIs can claim refund from Income Tax Department for which the QFI would have to file its return of Income in India for that year.
Q.9. Can a QFI carry forward losses over the years?
Ans: Yes. QFIs are allowed to carry forward losses over years provided the QFI files its return of income declaring the loss for the relevant year within the stipulated time limits.
Q.10. Whether profits earned by QFI from their investments in Indian securities market would be treated as Capital Gain or business income?
Ans: As per the Income-Tax Act, 1961, whether the profits earned from transaction in securities would be capital gains or business income will depend on facts and circumstances of each case like the number and frequency of transactions etc. Please refer to circular No.4/2007 dated 15/6/2007 issued by the Central Board of Direct Taxes.
Q.11. Whether QDPs should compute tax deduction at source (withholding tax) on QFI income for one settlement period on settlement basis or on transaction basis?
Ans: Currently, settlement on Indian stock exchanges is done at the end of every trading day. Tax deducted at source under the Income-tax Act, 1961 is to be deposited by the seventh day succeeding the end of each month. The withholding tax on QFI income will be computed on settlement basis and not on transaction basis since the stock broker would credit the net proceeds of all transactions to QFIs on settlement basis for one settlement period.
Q.12. For determining the tax deducted at source (withholding tax) liability, can QDPs set off losses of QFIs against profits earned on monthly basis in a given year?
Ans: As per TDS provisions, the deductor has to deduct tax either at time of payment of the amount or at time of credit of such amount (whichever is earlier). Therefore, any loss of current year available at such time of deducting tax would be eligible to be set off against the sum payable and the TDS shall be effected on net basis. However, TDS once effected cannot reduced by the deductor even if there is loss in subsequent transaction.
Example, in a given year, a QFI makes three settlements, it earns profit of Rs. 200 on day one settlement, incurs a loss of Rs. 250 on day two settlement and earns profit of Rs. 100 on day three settlement. The TDS would be deducted on credit of net profit of Rs 200 whereas, no TDS shall be effected against profit of Rs. 100 as at time of credit of Rs. 100 a loss of Rs. 250 is available for set off and net basis there is no amount chargeable to tax.
Q.13. For the purpose of computing tax deducted at source (withholding tax) Can QDPs set off in the case of QFIs, the profits earned in one security against losses earned in another security during a given year?
Ans: Yes. For computing tax deducted at source (withholding tax) QDPs can set off profits earned by the QFI in one security against losses earned in another security as long as these securities are subject to Securities Transaction Tax (STT). Therefore, this would not be applicable in case of QFI investments in bonds as bond transaction are not subject to Securities Transaction Tax Such setting off for computing tax deduction at source would therefore be permissible only in the case of listed securities and mutual fund Units and redemption by mutual funds as these are subject to STT. The set off would again be subject to the general principle that an earlier loss of current year can be set off against subsequent profit which is credited or paid to the QFI. However, if tax deduction at source (TDS) has already been effected for a particular credit or payment, it cannot be reduced by subsequent loss. A QFI is, however, eligible to claim refund of excess amount of tax deducted at source (withholding) by filing a return of income for the relevant year.
Q.14. For the purpose of computing tax deducted at source (TDS), can QFIs Set off of profits earned by a QFI in the current year against losses incurred in previous years?
Ans: No, A QDP cannot set off losses of a previous year of a QFI against profits earned in the current year by the QFI while computing the tax liability for deduction at source, which would therefore be based only on the profits of the year. However, QFIs can themselves set off their profits earned in the current year against losses incurred in previous years. For the purpose, the QFI would need to file its return of income within the time limits stipulated in the Income-tax Act, 1961. For this purpose, QFIs need to file return for the relevant year within the time limits stipulated in the Income-tax Act, 1961.
Q.15. What would be the applicable rates of taxation if a QFI comes from a jurisdiction with which India has a Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) as against one which comes from a non-DTAA Jurisdiction?
Ans: The applicable rates of taxation in the case of investment from a country will be at the rate provided in the Income-tax Act or the rate provided in the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement, whichever is more beneficial to the investors.
Q.16. Whether the capital gains arising on sale of shares are computed in Indian currency or in other currency?
Ans: The capital gains arising on sale of shares shall be computed by converting the cost of acquisition, expenditure incurred and full value of consideration in the same currency, as was initially utilized for purchase of shares and the gains so computed shall be reconverted in India currency.
Q.17. Whether DTAA provisions will apply while deducting tax at source?
Ans: Yes. Also see answer to question No. 15.
Q.18. Will the QDPs be held responsible for withholding taxes against profits on mutual fund investments by QFI's?
Ans: Income from investment from mutual fund may arise by way of distribution of profits by the fund or by way of redemption by the fund or by way of sale of units of the fund. In case of distribution of profits by the mutual fund, the mutual fund itself pays tax on distribution of profits. In case of sale of units of the fund, the QDP would be required to withhold tax if the buyer of the mutual fund units has not deducted tax. In case of redemption of units by the fund or sale of units of the fund, the QDP would be required to withhold the tax.
Q.19. If the QFI is no longer the client of the QDP, then can the QDP be called upon to make good the shortfall in tax and liable to interest and penalty having acted in bonafide and good faith?
Ans: QDP, being a deductor, shall be liable for any short deduction or non-deduction of tax even after the QFI ceases to be the client of QDP.
Q.20. What are the deductible expenses that may be incurred by QFI for purchase & sale of shares and Mutual Funds?
Ans: The deductibility of expenses would depend on the fact that whether the income on the sale of shares is treated as business income or capital gains. In general if the income is treated as capital gains expenses like brokerage fees would be allowed.
Q.21. Whether QDP should treat residence certificate as a sufficient proof of residence and beneficial ownership of the shares in India by the QFI?
Ans: Prima facie, the Tax Residency Certificate is evidence of residence in a particular country and the QDP may rely on such a certificate. However, as per Explanatory Memorandum to the Finance Bill, 2012, the amended section 90 and 90A of the Income-tax Act makes submission of Tax Residency Certificate containing prescribed particular, as a necessary but not sufficient condition for availing benefits of the tax treaties.
Q.22. Whether the QDP is required to obtain an Income Tax Order under Section 195(2) of the Act for determining the income component (capital gains) on the sale of shares?
Ans: Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) Circular No. 4/2009 dated 29/06/2009, clarifies that the term 'payer' also means a remitter. As the QDP is making the payment of the income to the QFI, the QDP could be considered as a 'payer' Under Section 195(2) of the Act, if any person responsible for paying any sum chargeable under the Act to a non-resident, considers that the whole of such sum would not be income chargeable in the case of the recipient, he may make an application to the Assessing Officer(AO) to determine the appropriate proportion to such sum on which tax is to be deducted (TDS).
The requirement of obtaining CA Certificate is only in the context of remittance of money outside India. It is not in the context of TDS liability. The QDP is custodian of all data in respect of transactions on which income has arisen to a QFI. It will also maintain the QFI account, wherein the QFIs' income is determined. Therefore, the QDP is supposed to deduct tax on the basis of sum chargeable to tax. In normal situations such as working out the capital gains on a transaction, there would not be any difficulty and QDP can itself determine the amount chargeable to tax and deduct tax thereon or take help of Chartered Accountant in this behalf. However, in case there is complexity in determining such income the QDP should approach the Assessing Officer for determination u/s 195(2). Even for other deductees, it is not mandatory that in each and every case, they should obtain 195(2) order before deducting TDS. However, in case a complex issue, it is advisable to do so. This is because the liability to deduct proper taxes remains on the deductor (i.e. QDP).
Q.23. For the purpose of computing tax deduction at source (withholding tax), what is the proof and declaration that the QDP can rely upon for allowing the full time benefit of a DTAA to a QFI?
Ans: There is no standard set of documents on the basis of which the DTAA treaty benefit can be said to have been rightly allowed. It depends on the facts of each case. The treaty benefit is to be claimed by the person concerned before it can be allowed. For this purpose, the QDP should obtain the Tax Residency Certificate from the QFI.
Q.24. Having relied on the documentations and given the treaty benefits, if later the same is held not allowable by the tax officer, can the QDP be held responsible and called upon to pay for any shortfall in tax, interest and penalties?
Ans: The liability to deduct and pay proper taxes remains that of the QDP as a deductor. Therefore, for any shortfall in tax QDP can be held responsible. The responsibility remains both for non-deduction or short deduction of tax if it is found that the treaty benefit have been incorrectly claimed or considered.
Q.25. What is the maximum number of years in which an assessment can be done or reopened in case of TDS returns filed by the QDP?
Ans: As the payment would be made to QFIs, who are non-residents, the Act does not prescribe any time limit for scrutiny of transaction for TDS purposes under section 201 of the Act.
Q.26. Can the QDP be held responsible for withholding of tax at source in case of a QFI on sale considerations received under an open offer or buy back of shares where the purchaser of the shares is responsible for withholding tax and complying with the TDS filings under the Act?
Ans: Under the Income-tax Act, any person responsible for paying to a non-resident (not being a company) or to a foreign company, any sum chargeable under the provisions of the Act, has to deduct tax at the time of credit of such income to the account of the payee or at the time of payment, whichever is earlier. The responsibility of tax deducted at source by the QDP in the case of sale consideration received by a QFI on account of an open offer or a buyback of shares would depend upon the facts of the case. In case the purchaser of shares is crediting the sum to the account of the QFIs or making payment to QFIs, the purchaser would be required to deduct the tax. However, if the QDP is crediting the sum to the account of the QFIs or making payment to the QFIs, the QDP would be required to deduct the tax. Please also refer to question no. 7.


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Swoon and Tennessee Jane collaborates at Honey Space this past week in an attempt to raise awareness of the brutal killing of women in Mexico that has been rampant since the early 1990s. Please take the time to read the true story of Silvia Elena and countless others who have stripped of their lives in Juarez and other cities across Mexico. Help stop the killings!
Romana Morales Huerta bends down to clean her daughter's grave. With patient motions that underscore the habitual nature of her task, she brushes away a thick layer of desert sand that has accumulated since her last visit. Later that day, as she leaves the cemetery, the violent desert winds pick up again, and begin to cover the grave once more.
Ramona's daughter, Silvia Elena Rivera Morales, was killed in 1995. Her murder is one of hundreds that haunt the Mexican city of Juarez, just accross the border from El Paso, Texas. Since 1993 approximately 500 women and girls from Juarez have been confirmed killed, with at least as many more reported disappeared. Human rights organazations put the number of murders much higher - estimating they could surpass 4,000. Most of the victums are young and poor, and almost all have been sexually assulted prior to their deaths.
Femicide, the term used to describe this pattern of violence targeting women, is not isolated to Juarez. Since the killings began to occur there in 1993, markedly similar abductions and murders have occured elsewhere in Mexico and Guatemala. In Guatemala alone alone, over 3,000 women have been killed since 2001, with the official number of victims rising each year.
Despite the horrific nature of these crimes, authorities at all levels have exhibited indifference. In Juarez there is overwhelming evidence of official corruption. There are well-documented cases of the police and local courts falsely pinning blame on innocent people with the use of confessions extracted under torture and planted evidence. To this day it remains unknown whether this disdain can be explained as a perverse symptom of a culture that devalues women, evidence of corruption and intimidation by gangs and drug networks that may be behind the murders, or, at worst, complicity. No matter the cause, the impunity has set precedents: that the murder and disappearance of women is acceptable and there will be no consequences. The patterns seen in Juarez extend to Guatemala, where there have only been 14 convictions related to the femicides, while the vast majority of the 3,000 killings remain unsolved.
Day after Silvia Elena's disappearance, two police officers appeared at Ramona's home. They had come to bring her to the morgue to identify a body recovered from the desert, believed to be that of her daughter. Ramona wanted to bring one of sons along, but the police forced her to go alone. Without the support of loved ones Ramona struggled to identify Silvia Elena's dead, mutilated body. She recognized the pattern of a tattered shirt, but the harsh desert environment left Silvia Elena a skeleton with only patches of skin.
Like so many of the femicide cases, the police made defamatory declarations about Silvia Elena to the press, excusing her death by saying she lived a double life as a prostitute.
Ramona and thousands of other mothers throughout the Americas struggle to find a mechanism for justice. Like the violent desert sandstorms, the authorities have worked to cover up the truth about the murders.
Ramona still doesn't know who killed her daughter. The criminal justice system has failed to give her answers, but she hasn't given up. In spite of intimidation, she and other mothers, fathers, and people of conscience have worked to bring attention to this situation. Ramona's words, and this portrait of Silvia Elena, bear witness to the violence these families have endured. They are also testaments to the heroic and constant struggle of the survivors to refuse victimization, stand up to unjust authority, and demand their natural right to life without fear.
For more information please visit:
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Another former senior manager with the City of Nanaimo has launched a human rights complaint against the municipality that once employed him.
Victor Mema, who was the city's chief financial officer until earlier this year, has filed a complaint with the B.C. Human Rights Tribunal arguing that the city discriminated against his "ancestry, race, place of origin and colour" according to tribunal documents obtained by the News Bulletin.
Mema, who replied to a number of questions via e-mail, confirmed that he has filed a complaint against the city with the tribunal. He said the filing was made last month and stems from "discriminatory acts" against him since he began working at the city in September 2015.
"The complaint is a result of discriminatory acts by the city, councillors and employees that stretch as early as late 2015 culminating on my suspension of March 1, 2018," Mema said.
John Van Horne, the city's director of human resources, confirmed that Mema has indeed filed a claim with the tribunal but could not comment on the claim specifically. He said the city has yet to respond to the claim, but is in discussion with Mema's lawyers.
Mema was suspended in March following an announcement from the city that it was undertaking an independent investigation to deal with an "allegation of significant concern." The city never explained what those concerns were, but to a city staffer later told the News Bulletin that Mema had made "personal charges" on a city-issued purchase card. It wasn't disclosed how much money was spent. Documents obtained by the News Bulletin show that Mema repaid $11,418 to the city in 2017 and that his repayment included 21 recurring $500 deductions from his paycheques.
In his e-mail to the News Bulletin, Mema said the city's reasons for his suspension, which he did not disclose, were not "sustained by any facts."
"My suspension was part of a grand discrimination plot and ultimate act. Everything else was prejudicial," Mema said.
In May, it was announced by the city that Mema was no longer with the municipality. The city has never publicly stated whether Mema was fired or quit. Mema did not answer the News Bulletin's question on whether he was fired or quit.
When asked whether specific councillors or city staffers were racist toward him, Mema said he would rather not say for the time being.
"Unlike the city, I will respect people's privacy until my submissions are made public. Racial discrimination is pervasive and ingrained across the city," he said.
The human rights tribunal filing notes that the complaint is unproven. Van Horne said the city has corresponded with the tribunal.
RELATED: City fills staffing need in chief financial officer's absence
RELATED: Nanaimo's chief financial officer used city purchase card for 11 personal flights
RELATED: Nanaimo's chief financial officer no longer with the city
Prior to working for the city, Mema worked in various high-level finance roles with the District of Sechelt, Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, County of Lac La Biche and was a finance manager with the Town of Los Gatos in California. In 2016, Mema filed a human rights complaint against the District of Sechelt, claiming that the district discriminated against him because of his ethnicity and skin colour. Last August, the tribunal ruled against Mema and dismissed his case.
Mema is not the only former city employee to recently launch a human rights tribunal case against the city. Brad McRae, city's former chief operations officer, filed a complaint earlier this year, claiming the city violated his human rights by firing him without cause following a termination hearing that he could not attend. A mediation date between the city and McRae has been set for Aug. 31 in Vancouver.
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We mostly noticed Yung Jake's E.m-bed.de/d because it name-checked us, but we're glad we did. Let's hear it for transparent ploys!
If you don't remember Yung Jake from his Datamosh hit last year, this pretty much sums it up: Yung Jake is responsible for the only time RapGenius has mentioned Ryder Ripps. He's a rapper, but also a CalArts student with digital skillz, and the two make a good combination.
E.m-bed.de/d takes the digital side to a new level, building a tightly-choreographed web of browser windows to take the user on a tour of Jake's virtual rise to fame. It's like Arcade Fire's cheeseball Wilderness Downtown video from last year, only it doesn't suck.
In other news, Yung Jake is also amazing and will help you with your art. Serious:


text: Robert G. Brown wrote: > We have a stack (or had, we may finally have pitched them) of close to > 100 of these pieces of crap. These are what we bought the 2466's to > replace, as they are actually BETTER than 2460's. They still haven't > got the bios right in the 2466's, but the 2460 bios -- just don't get me > started. Have you looked at using LinuxBIOS for them? Tyan has a full-time LinuxBIOS developer. He posts near daily on the Linuxbios at clustermatic.org list and I hear that LANL uses plenty of them. Bari Ari


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Post-Acute Withdrawal (PAWS)
There are two stages of withdrawal. The first stage is the acute stage, which usually lasts at most a few weeks. During this stage, you may experience physical withdrawal symptoms. But every drug is different, and every person is different.
The second stage of withdrawal is called the Post Acute Withdrawal Syndrome (PAWS). During this stage you'll have fewer physical symptoms, but more emotional and psychological withdrawal symptoms.
Most people experience some post-acute withdrawal symptoms. Whereas in the acute stage of withdrawal every person is different, in post-acute withdrawal most people have the same symptoms.
The Symptoms of Post-Acute Withdrawal
- Mood swings, anxiety, irritability
- Tiredness, variable energy, low enthusiasm
- Variable concentration
- Disturbed sleep
These are the most common post-acute withdrawal symptoms.
Post-acute withdrawal feels like a rollercoaster of symptoms. In the beginning, your symptoms will change minute to minute and hour to hour. Later as you recover further they will disappear for a few weeks or months only to return again. As you continue to recover the good stretches will get longer and longer. But the bad periods of post-acute withdrawal can be just as intense and last just as long.
Each post-acute withdrawal episode usually last for a few days. Once you've been in recovery for a while, you will find that each post-acute withdrawal episode usually lasts for a few days. There is no obvious trigger for most episodes. You will wake up one day feeling irritable and have low energy. If you hang on for just a few days, it will lift just as quickly as it started. After a while you'll develop confidence that you can get through post-acute withdrawal, because you'll know that each episode is time limited.
Post-acute withdrawal usually lasts for 2 years. This is one of the most important things you need to remember. If you're up for the challenge you can get though this. But if you think that post-acute withdrawal will only last for a few months, then you'll get caught off guard, and when you're disappointed you're more likely to relapse.
How to Survive Post-Acute Withdrawal
Be patient. You can't hurry recovery. But you can get through it one day at a time. If you resent post-acute withdrawal, or try to bulldoze your way through it, you will become exhausted. And when you're exhausted you will think of using to escape.
Post-acute withdrawal symptoms are a sign that your brain is recovering. Therefore don't resent them. But remember, even after one year, you are still only half way there.
Go with the flow. Withdrawal symptoms are uncomfortable. But the more you resent them the worse they'll seem. You'll have lots of good days over the next two years. Enjoy them. You'll also have lots of bad days. On those days, don't try to do too much. Take care of yourself, focus on your recovery, and you'll get through this.
Practice self-care. Give yourself lots of little breaks over the next two years. Tell yourself "what I am doing is enough." Be good to yourself. That is what most addicts can't do, and that's what you must learn in recovery. Recovery is the opposite of addiction.
Sometimes you'll have little energy or enthusiasm for anything. Understand this and don't over book your life. Give yourself permission to focus on your recovery.
Post-acute withdrawal can be a trigger for relapse. You'll go for weeks without any withdrawal symptoms, and then one day you'll wake up and your withdrawal will hit you like a ton of bricks. You'll have slept badly. You'll be in a bad mood. Your energy will be low. And if you're not prepared for it, if you think that post-acute withdrawal only lasts for a few months, or if you think that you'll be different and it won't be as bad for you, then you'll get caught off guard. But if you know what to expect you can do this.
Being able to relax will help you through post-acute withdrawal. When you're tense you tend to dwell on your symptoms and make them worse. When you're relaxed it's easier to not get caught up in them. You aren't as triggered by your symptoms which means you're less likely to relapse.
Remember, every relapse, no matter how small undoes the gains your brain has made during recovery. Without abstinence everything will fall apart. With abstinence everything is possible.
Recovery and Relapse Prevention Strategies
For more techniques on how to get through withdrawal and post-acute withdrawal, learn more about recovery skills and relapse prevention strategies in the following pages. You can recover from addiction.
More Mental Health Information …
The book "I Want to Change My Life." contains more information on how to overcome anxiety, depression, and addiction.


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Raymond Felton returned to practice with the Knicks on Wednesday, saying his arrest on felony weapons charges was "not a distraction" to the team.
Felton spoke for less than a minute and did not take questions. He thanked family, friends and teammates for their support and insisted his thoughts were on the Knicks' game Thursday night in Miami.
"This is not a distraction to this team," he said. "I'm focusing on finishing out this season, finishing out these games with my teammates and going down to Miami, focusing on this next game at task versus the defending champs."
Felton was arrested early Tuesday. Authorities said a lawyer for his wife turned in a loaded semi-automatic handgun allegedly belonging to the point guard to a police precinct, claiming she no longer wanted it in their home.
Felton was released on $25,000 bail and coach Mike Woodson said he never considered not letting Felton play Thursday.
"The bottom line is Ray is a part of our team, and as his coach I'm going to support him and make sure he's doing everything the right way from here on out, and to try to get him to just concentrate on basketball and practice and playing games," Woodson said.
Felton was charged with criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree and criminal possession of a firearm. The firearm charge is punishable by up to four years in prison. The weapons charge is punishable by up to seven years in prison.
He had turned himself in to police not long after a 110-108 loss to Dallas dropped the Knicks further back in the playoff race. Felton is having a difficult season on and off the floor, with his wife, Ariane Raymondo-Felton, filing for divorce last week, according to court records.
Felton said he wouldn't comment on the case, referring any questions to his lawyer.
"But other than that, I'm here to concentrate on this team, finish this season out with the New York Knicks and see what happens, man," Felton said. "Trying to make it to the playoffs. We're 5½ games out, 25 games left, so I'm really focusing on that with these guys, with the team and trying to make that happen."


text:
Since the Idiot's Guide series has become quite large, here is an index of all the articles that gives a quick blurb about each one, so you can quickly find the articles that interest you.
Some other dedicated folks are writing translations of the Guide. Here are the published translations:
Part I is a simple overview of shell extensions, and discusses how to debug them. The sample extension illustrates adding items to the context menu for text files.
Part II demonstrates how to write a context menu extension that operates on all of the selected files at once. The sample project is a utility that adds registration and unregistration commands to the context menus for DLLs.
Part III demonstrates the QueryInfo extension that customizes the infotip for text files. It also explains how to use MFC in a shell extension.
Part IV shows how to add items to the menu displayed when the user drags and drops with the right mouse button in Explorer. The sample project is a utility that makes hard links for files. (Note: the extension is functional only on Windows 2000, but you can still compile and run the extension on previous versions of Windows. See the article for instructions.)
Part V demonstrates how to add new pages to Explorer's Properties dialog. The sample project adds a page on which you can edit the created, modified, and last accessed times of files.
Part VI discusses a drop handler extension that gets added to the SendTo menu. The sample project is a clone of the Send To Any Folder power toy.
Part VII tackles two topics suggested by readers: owner-drawn menu items and the context menu for the background of directory windows. The sample project contains two extensions: a bitmap viewer (pictured above) that puts a thumbnail of BMP files in the context menu, and a simple extension that adds items to the context menu of directory backgrounds.
Part VIII demonstrates how to add columns to the details view of Explorer on Windows 2000. The sample project adds a few columns that show ID3v1 tag data in MP3 files.. (This extension works only on Windows 2000.)
Part IX shows how to customize file icons on a file-by-file basis. The demo project is an extension that shows 4 different icons for text files, depending on the size of the file.
This article has no explicit license attached to it but may contain usage terms in the article text or the download files themselves. If in doubt please contact the author via the discussion board below.
A list of licenses authors might use can be found here
General News Suggestion Question Bug Answer Joke Praise Rant Admin
Use Ctrl+Left/Right to switch messages, Ctrl+Up/Down to switch threads, Ctrl+Shift+Left/Right to switch pages.


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Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
Explanation: Celebrating 7 years on the surface of the Red Planet, Mars exploration rover Opportunity now stands near the rim of 90 meter wide Santa Maria crater. Remarkably, Opportunity and its fellow rover Spirit were initially intended for a 3 month long primary mission. Still exploring, the golf cart-sized robot and shadow (far right) appear in the foreground of this panoramic view of its current location. The mosaic was constructed using images from the rover's navigation camera. On its 7 year anniversary, Opportunity can boast traversing a total of 26.7 kilometers along the martian surface. After investigating Santa Maria crater, controllers plan to have Opportunity resume a long-term trek toward Endeavour crater, a large, 22 kilometer diameter crater about 6 kilometers from Santa Maria. The rim of Endeavour is visible in the mosaic on the horizon at the right, just above the shadow of the rover's mast. During coming days, communication with the rover will be more difficult as Mars moves close to alignment with the Sun as seen from planet Earth's perspective.
Authors & editors:
Robert Nemiroff
Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Phillip Newman
Specific rights apply.
NASA Web
Privacy Policy and Important Notices
A service of:
ASD at
& Michigan Tech. U.


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Programmer tips for Mac OSX
Some tips for programmers on the Mac.
emacs: the best place to get emacs for Mac seems to be here http://emacsformacosx.com/ which is also the most no nonsense website design ever
Not really a Mac tip, but I stick my .emacs configuration file in a Dropbox folder, along with any emacs libraries and emacs lisp code I write. Then where-ever I install emacs I make a simple .emacs that points to the one in the Dropbox folder. This also forces me to make sure any platform specific emacs stuff is properly handled.
Clipboard: copy and paste between the terminal and other apps can be done with pbcopy and pbpaste. For example a long complicated command line you want to email to yourself, just do:
echo "long complicated bash command line you don't want to retype" | pbcopy
And then you can Command-V that into your email window. Going the other way is just as simple; Command-C the text you want and pop it into the terminal window with pbpaste.
Open: If you want open an application from the command line you can do it like this:
open -a SomeApp /Users/yourname/SomeFile.hai
You can open a folder in finder
open /Folder/
open /Folder/SomeFile.hai
to open that file with it's default application.
Check out the help 'man open', to see other stuff like how you pipe stdout into an application.
Finally check out this guys OpenTerminalHere script. This pops an icon in finder that lets you open a terminal window in the highlighted folder.


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Burning Live At Jazz Ao Centro (JACC Records; 2012)
Jeb Bishop (trombone)
Miguel Mira (cello)
Gabriel Ferrandini (drums)
A brief set but long in the compositional sense, Burning Live At Jazz Ao Centro, sees Rodrigo Amado in blistering form. This is a fierce recording of a live event that was probably exciting and very intense on concentration.
This group consists of Amado's Motion Trio augmented by trombonist Jeb Bishop (known not only for his own groups as well as his work with Ken Vandermark). For this live evening, Bishop provides strong, bold muscular lines that challenge the rest of the trio. "Burning Live" is just as it says--a fiery opener that later rounds into a rhythmic pattern that hovers almost blues-like thanks to Bishop. Ferrandini adds the abstract passages against Bishop's notes as both Amado and Mira quietly begin to re-emerge and set the piece aflame again. The quartet finally comes resting with calm clashes but still a heavy spirit.
"Imaginary Caverns" moves like a ballad but with the philosophy of free association. Quiet motifs soon rise and fall with Amado and Ferrandini's perspective on the harmonics. Midway through Amado's tone becomes a scorching mixture of Ornette Coleman/Albert Ayler. It's intense and beautiful but not for every ear. Bishop, Mira and Ferrandini beam with solid atonal exchanges that drain you until just the right moment when Amado returns to add some toppling hues to the closing bars.
Rounding out the evening is "Red Halo," led by Mira sounding fully focused and moving the group in a calm fashion toward the inevitable wall of sound. Mira's pace quickens while Amado and Bishop's dialogue starts to sound like one instrument. The quartet finally roll into one another in the final moments bringing an intense jubilant session to its logical yet bewitching end.
Truly, an absorbing performance and another very creative outing for Rodrigo Amado. There are only a handful of saxophonists on the European scene today that are as acute and descriptive as Amado. Burning Live At Jazz Ao Centro is a perfect example as to why. This same group will also have a new studio album out on Not Two later this year.