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TEHRAN, Iran (AP) _ As new European Union sanctions targeting Iran's vital oil industry took effect Sunday, Tehran acknowledged the measures aimed at reining in its disputed nuclear program were taking a toll. The vice president said authorities had stockpiled imported goods and hard currency to help cushion the blow to the economy.
The ban by the 27-member EU on the purchase of Iranian oil dealt the Islamic Republic its second economic setback in days, following fresh U.S. sanctions that prohibit the world's banks from completing oil transactions with Iranian banks. Combined, the measures significantly ratchet up the pressure on an Iranian economy already squeezed by previous rounds of sanctions.
"Today, we are facing the heaviest of sanctions and we ask people to help officials in this battle,'' Vice President Mohammad Reza Rahimi was quoted as saying on state television's website.
He said the "dastardly sanctions'' might cause "occasional confusion'' in the domestic market. Iran reacted furiously when the U.S. and EU sanctions were announced, threatening to block the strategic Strait of Hormuz, a vital waterway used to ship about one-fifth of the world's oil. The threat roiled international oil markets.
Rahimi also said Tehran has stocked up on some imported goods to reduce the embargo's impact, without saying what specifically.
The EU, which accounted for around 18 percent of Iran's oil exports, said earlier this week that all contracts for importing Iranian oil will have to be terminated from Sunday. Also, European companies will no longer be involved in insuring Iranian oil.
Iran is the second largest OPEC oil producer, producing about 4 million barrels of oil a day. The country's recoverable oil reserves are estimated at more than 137 billion barrels, or 12 percent of the world's overall reserves. The country relies on oil exports for about 80 percent of its public revenues. However, most of Iran's crude production is used domestically.
The sanctions are the latest move in the West's standoff with Iran over its disputed nuclear program, which the U.S. and its allies suspect is aimed at developing atomic weapons. Iran denies the charges and insists its program is designed solely for peaceful purposes, such as energy and producing medical isotopes.
Three rounds of nuclear talks between Iran and world powers, including the U.S., have failed to produce a breakthrough, prompting some critics to charge that Tehran is merely dragging out the negotiations to buy time to further advance its suspected weapons program. The U.S. and Israel have left the door open to a possible military strike if no agreement is reached.
In the meantime, Washington and its allies have used sanctions to target Iran's oil sector _ the nation's primary revenue source _ and there are already indications that previous rounds of sanctions have started to bite.
Last week, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton said Iranian crude exports have dropped to 1.5 million barrels a day from 2.5 million barrels last year, which comes out to almost $32 billion in revenue lost over a year.
The Iranian rial has slumped against international currencies, with the unofficial rate spiking at around 21,000 to the dollar this week, up from around 19,000. That's down from a high of around 23,000 in January, but still far above the rate of around 11,000 about 18 months ago.
The price of staples has skyrocketed as well. Since the EU first announced its embargo in January, Iranian government figures show the prices of bread, milk and meat have risen around 20 percent, while the price of chicken has jumped some 80 percent.
Fully aware of the burden this places on families, Ayatollah Ahmad Khatami, an adviser to Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, said last week that the price hikes are "a matter of pain'' for Iran. But he also urged people not to complain, telling them: "If you say ouch, the arrogant ones will say they have achieved their goal. So be patient, and make them regret it.''
So far, the Iranian public has proven patient, in part because of widespread support for the nation's nuclear program, which is a source of pride for many in Iran, regardless of their political leanings.
"Westerners said the sanctions have aimed at halting nuclear activities. But they have targeted our families and children,'' said Abbas Heidar, a 32-year-old teacher in Tehran. "The government is continuing its nuclear activities and I do not expect it stop.''
Iranian officials, meanwhile, scrambled Sunday to present the government as actively working to ease any hardship the sanctions might bring.
Central bank governor Mahmoud Bahmani told the semiofficial Mehr news agency that Iran has "plans'' to deal with the embargo and enough hard currency to meet its import needs.
"We have not remained passive. To confront the sanctions, we have plans in progress,'' Bahmani said without elaborating.
Iran's Oil Minister Rostam Ghasemi ordered his staff to "mobilize'' against the sanctions, according to Mehr. It did not elaborate.
Ghasemi also sought to boost public morale, telling state television late Saturday that Iran has weathered previous rounds of sanctions.
"I do not see it as a problem that enemies have imposed an embargo today,'' he said. "They have imposed similar sanctions years ago, and nothing happened.''
He said Iran has already halted oil sales to many EU countries, and had found new buyers to replace them.
"Developing countries and countries with fast economic growth have no alternative to oil. Fortunately, because of the quality of our country's oil, all are interested in using it,'' he said.
Mehr published its own analysis listing measures that Iran could take to counter the sanctions, including shutting the vital Strait of Hormuz. The semiofficial news agency's editorials sometimes reflect views held by top Iranian officials who do not wish to state them publically.
On Sunday, however, Iran's Defense Minister Gen. Ahmad Vahidi made statements to the official IRNA news agency about the strait in which he did not mention any plans to close it _ remarks that suggest that Iran is playing down the threat in dealings with the West.
Vahidi said Iran is the main protector of the waterway, and that Tehran "has confronted anybody who tried to endanger the Strait.''
Mehr also suggested that Iran could make use of hard currencies other than the U.S. dollar and the euro, form its own insurance syndicate to replace foreign companies that withdraw from the market, store up oil in tanks for later sale so as not to cut production, or simply reduce oil production to save its reserves for the future.


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Come and see how great the lowly of spirit are before the Holy One, Blessed be He…. One whose attitude is humble is regarded as though he brought all the various offerings.… His prayer is not despised by G-d, for it is written: "A broken and crushed heart, O G-d, You will not despise. They cry out and G-d heeds… G-d is close to the broken-hearted." (Talmud Bavli, Sotah 5b).
One of the functions of a king is to provide for his subjects. Since he is responsible for so many, and resources are often limited, not all will be granted their requests. The king must decide to whom he will be gracious, and who will be turned away. There are times when an appeal for mercy can change the mind of the king, causing him to grant a particular request.
G-d also relates to the world as a king. Accordingly, He takes on the responsibility of caring for all of His creations, providing for their every need, as it is written: "You open Your hand and satisfy the desire of every living thing". Although, unlike a human king, G-d's ability to provide is unlimited, not all requests are granted. One must merit His kindness; otherwise, his request may be rejected. From the teaching quoted above, we see that approaching G-d with the right attitude is crucial in helping to arouse His mercy, thereby gaining His favor.
This idea can be illustrated with the following story:
One Yom Kippur morning some time ago, a young boy entered the town shul in the middle of the Yom Kippur prayers. He wanted so badly to join everyone in prayer, but he didn't know how. In fact, he didn't even know the entire Alef Beit. As he turned to his left he saw other boys his age who were praying. The boy, feeling helpless, began to cry. With teary eyes, he spoke from the depths of his heart: "Master of the world, I don't know how to pray, I only know part of the Alef Beit." He then said the ten letters that he knew and concluded, "Please accept these letters and make them into a prayer. It is all I know." On the eve following Yom Kippur the town rabbi had a dream. It was revealed to him that the Jewish People were saved from a harsh decree in the merit of that boy's prayer.
What was the great power behind the young boy's prayer? It was his broken heart and his feelings of true humility. Such prayer, which we are all capable of achieving, arouses G-d's mercy, and at times, can even save us from harsh decrees.

subset: commoncrawl


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Cool temperatures and wet fields are stalling corn planting in Kansas and slowing development of the state's winter wheat crop.
Kansas Agricultural Statistics Service reported Monday that just 17 percent of the planned corn is now in the ground. That is two weeks behind average.
The weather is also slowing wheat development. The reports says just 3 percent of the crop has headed, about three weeks behind normal.
Forty percent of the wheat crop is rated in poor to very poor condition. Of the rest, 33 percent is rated fair, 24 percent is in good condition and 3 percent is rated excellent.
Producers are still feeding supplements to cattle herds because pasture growth has also been slowed by the cool weather.


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Confusion as Ukraine and Russia announce progress towards peace
Pro-Russian separatists are battling Kiev's forces in Donbass region
Kiev: Ukraine said on Wednesday its president had agreed with Russia's Vladimir Putin on steps towards a "ceasefire regime" in Kiev's conflict with pro-Russian rebels, but the Kremlin denied any actual truce deal, sowing confusion on the eve of a NATO summit.
"The parties reached mutual understanding on the steps that will facilitate the establishment of peace," said a statement by Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko's office, replacing an earlier statement that had spoken of a "permanent ceasefire".
Putin's spokesman said the leaders agreed on steps towards peace but not a ceasefire in the conflict, which has killed more than 2,600 people since April and provoked the worst crisis in relations between Russia and the West since the Cold War.
"Putin and Poroshenko really discussed the steps that would contribute to a ceasefire between the militia and the Ukrainian forces. Russia cannot physically agree to a ceasefire because it is not a party to the conflict," spokesman Dmitry Peskov said.
That position is disputed by Kiev and Western governments, which say Russian troops are fighting alongside the pro-Moscow separatists.
Despite the confusion, the statements appeared to indicate a degree of progress that could influence European Union leaders as they consider introducing new sanctions against Russia as early as Friday.
In a contradictory signal, Moscow simultaneously announced plans for huge military exercises this month by the strategic rocket forces responsible for its long-range nuclear weapons. It said the maneuvers in south-central Russia would involve 4,000 troops and extensive use of air power.
The timing was clearly calculated to throw down a challenge to NATO and the United States, hours before President Barack Obama was due to deliver a speech on the crisis in Russia's neighbor Estonia.
Obama was expected to affirm the commitment of the United States and NATO to defend its members in Eastern Europe in the face of what they see as Cold War-style Russian aggression.
Russia denies any military presence in Ukraine, despite what Western governments have called overwhelming evidence that it has sent in troops and tanks to rescue the separatists from defeat and enable them to turn the tide of the conflict.
"You want to talk provocative? Let's talk about a few thousand Russian troops inside eastern Ukraine, continuing to support separatists, with heavy weapon systems, and more than 10,000 troops arrayed along the southeast border with Ukraine," Pentagon spokesman Rear Admiral John Kirby said on Tuesday.
When he met Poroshenko in Belarus eight days ago, Putin had said Russia would help to facilitate peace moves, but the actual agreement of a ceasefire would be an internal matter for the Ukrainian government and the rebels.
Initial reaction from the rebel side appeared skeptical towards the possibility of any breakthrough.
A senior rebel leader said the separatists were sticking to their demand for Ukrainian troops to withdraw from "our territory" as the main condition for peace.
( Source : reuters )
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NEW YORK, NY / ACCESSWIRE / November 20, 2023 / Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman, LLC is investigating potential claims on behalf of purchasers of Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. ("Live Nation" or "the Company") (NYSE:LYV). Investors who purchased Live Nation securities prior to February 22, 2022, and continue to hold to the present, are encouraged to obtain additional information and assist the investigation by visiting the firm's site: bgandg.com/lyv.
Investigation Details:
The investigation concerns whether Live Nation and certain of its officers and/or directors have engaged in corporate wrongdoing.
What's Next?
If you are aware of any facts relating to this investigation or purchased Live Nation shares, you can assist this investigation by visiting the firm's site: bgandg.com/lyv. You can also contact Peretz Bronstein or his law clerk and client relations manager, Yael Nathanson of Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman, LLC: 332-239-2660.
There is No Cost to You
We represent investors in class actions on a contingency fee basis. That means we will ask the court to reimburse us for out-of-pocket expenses and attorneys' fees, usually a percentage of the total recovery, only if we are successful.
Why Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman:
Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman, LLC is a nationally recognized firm that represents investors in securities fraud class actions and shareholder derivative suits. Our firm has recovered hundreds of millions of dollars for investors nationwide.
Attorney advertising. Prior results do not guarantee similar outcomes.
Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman, LLC
Peretz Bronstein or Yael Nathanson
332-239-2660 | [email protected]
SOURCE: Bronstein, Gewirtz & Grossman, LLC


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This article is more than 1 year old
Millions wasted on IT: PAC chair parting shot
And the rest you just squandered
The outgoing chair of Parliament's Public Accounts Committee has criticised government IT spending in an open letter to his successor.
In the letter, Edward Leigh said that departmental IT projects are "over-ambitious, overly complex and fail to deliver what is promised while costs rocket". He also set out 10 lessons on government spending.
"Reliable information is at the heart of efficient and effective government but, where this has been recognised, too often the response has been to buy a new IT system without planning what they need and allowing for adequate testing," wrote Leigh in the letter dated 29 March 2010.
He added: "Time and again, departments have wasted millions on IT systems that fail to live up to promise, come in late and cost hugely more than forecast."
The chair used the Rural Payment Agency's "woeful" implementation of the single payment scheme as an example of poor departmental IT spending. He said the £350m system for the scheme continues to cause "anxiety and hardship" for farmers. Leigh added that the system can only be supported at a huge cost and that the data it holds is "riddled with errors".
He also described the Ministry of Defence's new £7bn defence information infrastructure system as being "fatally flawed". Leigh wrote: "There was no proper pilot for this highly complex programme. In addition, the consortium implementing the project – led by EDS, a company whose track record of delivering government IT projects has not been exemplary – underestimated the complexity of the software it had agreed to create."
Leigh continued that the failures are not isolated incidents and that there are examples of poor IT practice "across government". He believes departments have not always shown themselves to be intelligent clients and sometimes show "a lack of capacity to engage effectively with suppliers".
In order to ensure the successful delivery of future IT projects Leigh says departments must adhere to three principles: ensure senior level engagement; act as an intelligent client; and make sure there is a means of realising the benefits of a project.
The use of information by government departments is another area that needs to be improved, Leigh wrote. "This woeful absence of information on cost and demand means that departments do not have the information to know what impact they get from the money they spend," he said.
Leigh will be stepping down as the committee's chair at the forthcoming election.
This article was originally published at Kable.
Kable's GC weekly is a free email newsletter covering the latest news and analysis of public sector technology. To register click here.


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Winner of the Gold Dagger Award
A fascinating true crime story that details the rise of modern forensics and the development of modern criminal investigation.
At the end of the nineteenth century, serial murderer Joseph Vacher terrorized the French countryside, eluding authorities for years, and murdering twice as many victims as Jack The Ripper. Here, Douglas Starr revisits Vacher's infamous crime wave, interweaving the story of the two men who eventually stopped him—prosecutor Emile Fourquet and Dr. Alexandre Lacassagne, the era's most renowned criminologist. In dramatic detail, Starr shows how Lacassagne and his colleagues were developing forensic science as we know it. Building to a gripping courtroom denouement, The Killer of Little Shepherds is a riveting contribution to the history of criminal justice.
"Chilling . . . An exemplar of historical true-crime nonfiction."
-Mark Dunkelman, Favorite Books of 2010, The Providence Journal
"Absorbing . . . Starr's thought-provoking journey, through the strange underbelly of a vividly rendered France, lingers in the reader's memory."
-Elyssa East, The New York Times Book Review (Editor's Choice)
"Engrossing and carefully researched."
-The New Yorker
"A- . . . Gripping, almost novelistic . . . Like an episode of CSI: 19th-Century France."
-Tina Jordan, Entertainment Weekly
-Laura Spinney, Nature
"Gripping . . . Starr's description of the legal, medical and even philosophical questions around Vacher's responsibility are strikingly current."
-Drew DeSilver, The Seattle Times
"The perfect true-crime book to curl up with on an autumn night."
-Doug Childers, Richmond Times-Dispatch
"Riveting, yet cerebral . . . Besides focusing on Joseph Vacher, also known as the Killer of Little Shepherds, Starr explains and expands on the fascinating achievements of those studying the criminal world."
-Elizabeth Humphrey, San Francisco Book Review
"A gripping book that alternately appalls and fascinates."
-Mark Dunkelman, Providence Journal
"Superior . . . This book is sensational and swift. But its real strength is the ability to show the history and progress of forensic science and its effect on the criminal justice system . . . This book reads like fiction and fascinates with fact."
-Bethany Latham, Historical Novel Review
"Lively . . . With drama and stunning detail, Starr documents one of the earliest examples of criminal profiling, Vacher's murders, his arrest, and the twists and turns of the trial that followed. The Killer of Little Shepherds is an important contribution to the history of criminal justice. It is crisply written, meticulously researched, and rich in historical detail."
-Larry Cox, Tucson Citizen
"Douglas Starr's riveting, sophisticated book provides the distance and perspective needed to facilitate systematic but critical thinking about forensic science."
-Stanley J. Morse, PsycCritiques
"Fascinating . . . Compelling . . . Written with the dramatic tension of a good novel and the impeccable detail of a well-researched history."
-Erika Engelhaupt, ScienceNews
"Deft . . . Admirable . . . Riveting . . . The Killer of Little Shepherds is deeply rooted in historical sources and subtle context, but Starr also has a journalist's flair for the colorful detail."
-John Williams, The Second Pass
"Graceful and accessible . . . The granddaddy of all true crime stories."
-David Walton, Louisville Courier-Journal
"Expert . . . You'll be richly rewarded . . . A good book that will keep you reading."
-The Crime Segments blog
"Eloquent . . . Starr creates tension worthy of a thriller."
-Starred review, Publishers Weekly
"Starr's heavy immersion into forensics and investigative procedure makes interesting reading . . . [A] well-documented mix of forensic science, narrative nonfiction, and criminal psychology."


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Thank you for sharing your amazing comments in the last post, I am so happy that running has done so much good for so many people!
Workout—> Pretty similar to Monday's workout= a bunch of switching around with the treadmill, spin bike and rowing machine. I am stoked for tomorrow morning because I have a birthday party to attend at 6 a.m. All my friend wanted for her birthday was to have her friends all go to a spin class together, I will help fulfill her birthday wish. Let's see if I remember how to wake up in the 5 o'clock hour again.
I was just minding my own business at my sister-in-law's house this morning when she approached me with her best temptress face and a box of donuts. As you know, donuts are on my 'top 6 favorite things in the world' list and they looked so good this morning. BUT I stuck with my 21 days without treats/desserts thing and turned down the ultimate temptation. I am determined to stick with this. 1.5 days down… 19.5 to go.
I am just thankful there wasn't an apple fritter in that box. I don't know what I would have done.
After hanging with the cousins Brooke and I went to the Green Me Truck. I have been following them on Instagram and I have been dying to try their smoothies.
1/2 lb of greens in my smoothie. Yes, please.
This satisfied my sweet tooth (because of all of the fruit and it tasted so good) and also my caffeine need (no caffeine in it but I felt an instant boost of energy from the smoothie… hmmm, weird how real foods make us feel so much better and give us energy;) I talked to the owner for a while and he is so passionate about health and helping people to feel better and take care of their bodies. Such a cool idea… I am used to pizza/waffle/donut/burrito trucks and so I love this healthy option.
Brooke was a fan of her all fruit smoothie too. Utah people, find this truck asap (their schedule/loacation is on their instagram account).
And I took this one home for later.
PS Julie… I think you may have some new Peanut Butter Fingers competition but don't worry too much because Brooke is more of an almond butter person.
Okay, one more random thing but the Science Behind Baking the Most Delicious Cookie Ever is out and I feel like you need to check it out if you are a lover of baking cookies.
Do you ever go to food trucks? Which ones have been your favorite?
Are you a green smoothie person? How often do you have one?
How do you prefer your chocolate chip cookies?
Who has tried the rowing machine? Thoughts!!!


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Time To Revisit Deer's Claims That Wakefield Fabricated His Findings: Part 2
By Martin Hewitt
In April AoA published the first part of a series revisiting Brian Deer's claim in the British Medical Journal on 5 January 2011 [HERE] that the findings in the Wakefield et al paper 'Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia' (Lancet, 1998; vol. 351, p.637) were fixed. It focused on the first claim that three of the nine children reported with regressive autism did not have an autism diagnosis [HERE].
Part two examines Deer's second claim that "Despite the paper claiming that all 12 children were "previously normal," five had documented pre-existing developmental concerns". This is done by examining the published UK General Medical Council transcripts of the fitness to practice hearing against Dr Andrew Wakefield and Professors John Walker-Smith and Simon Murch. We can then judge the accuracy, selectivity and interpretive license he applies to his evidence against Wakefield.
Deer identifies children 4, 8, 1 and 5 as examples of developmental concerns raised before MMR. The fifth child is child 11, a US citizen whose case was not examined by the GMC and therefore cannot be verified. We will examine statements he makes about each of the four children and then visit the transcript evidence to see if it supports his claims. Readers can see Deer's bullet-point claims in the BMJ paper. Each of Deer's quotes, including the endnotes, is given in italics. The validity of the claims is then tested against evidence from the GMC. All emphases below are added to the original.
CHILD 4 (born March 1987; measles vaccination April 1988; MMR February 1991)
Quote 1: "child 4...had developmental delays, and also facial dysmorphisms, noted before MMR vaccination...Wakefield played down problems, suggesting that early issues had resolved. 'Child four was kept under review for the first year of life because of wide bridging of the nose,' he reported in the paper. 'He was discharged from follow-up as developmentally normal at age 1 year.' But medical records, presented by the GMC, give a different picture for this child. Reports from his pre-MMR years were peppered with "concerns over his head and appearance," "recurrent" diarrhoea, "developmental delay," "general delay," and restricted vocabulary.
62. Dr Steel. Letter to Dr Sendall. 19 May 1988. Day 6 and Day 36.
63. William Tapsell. GP records. Day 6.
64. Dr Jackson. Letter to health visitor. 1988. Day 6.
65. ENT surgeon. Day 36. "At the age of two years and one month he apparently has a few single words only. He does not seem able to communicate his needs to his mother... Obviously I am more concerned about his increasingly apparent general delay. Mum was asking about this and although initially denying any problem, is obviously concealing quite deep seated worries about him being 'backward'."
Deer claims that developmental concerns were raised about child 4 before his MMR. If we take the facial dysmorphisms first, a letter from Dr Shabde (paediatric register) to the GP (General Practitioner), read at the hearing, says, "[Child 4] is nine months old and appears to be growing and developing normally. As you may recall, the main worry initially was his small head which in fact is growing quite nicely between the 50th and 75th percentile. His general growth appears to be satisfactory with his weight just below the 50th centile" (Day 6, p.57).
The paper's authors did not see Dr Shabde's letter and relied on the GP referral letter and the case history they took. Nonetheless the Lancet paper reports accurately that, "Child 4 was kept under review for the first year of life because of wide bridging of the nose. He was discharged from follow-up as developmentally normal at age 1 year (Wakefield et al, 1998 see above, p.638).
What Deer does not reveal is that child 4 had measles vaccination at 15 months, prior to MMR in February 1991. This significant fact was referred to in the Lancet paper: "[Child 4] had received monovalent measles vaccine at 15 months, after which his development slowed (confirmed by professional assessors). No association was made with the vaccine at this time. He received a dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine at age 4·5 years, the day after which his mother described a striking deterioration in his behaviour that she did link with the immunisation" (Wakefield et al (1998) see above, p.638). Deer's endnotes 62 to 65 above refer to doctors' comments on developmental problems after child 4's measles vaccination in March 1988. To be pedantic one might say that the measles vaccination is not the MMR. But for completeness, the paper referred to both immunizations noting slowing development after the measles vaccination and striking delay after MMR. It was at the latter point that parents suspected post-MMR regression.
Quote 2. "And although before his referral to Wakefield his mother had inquired about vaccine damage compensation, his files include a report of a "very small deletion within the fragile X gene".
66. Government vaccine damage payments unit. Request for information. 18 September 1995. Day 36.
67. Consultant geneticist letter. Day 6. "We are not sure whether this deletion is significant at all and certainly there is a very high possibility that it has nothing to do with [child 4's] autism."
Deer expressly refers in the body of his article to "very small deletion within the fragile X gene' as a significant finding worth mentioning on early developmental delay. It is only when readers trawl down to endnote 67 that the finding is placed in context and its lack of relevance to developmental delay made clear.
CHILD 8 (born June 1993; MMR 27 January 1995)
Quote 1. "Child 8…was also described in the Lancet as having overcome problems recorded before vaccination. 'The only girl . . . was noted to be a slow developer compared with her older sister,' the paper said. 'She was subsequently found to have coarctation of the aorta. After surgical repair of the aorta at the age of 14 months, she progressed rapidly, and learnt to talk. Speech was lost later.'….Her doctors put the coarctation side by side with the delay and dysmorphism, and noted of her vocabulary that, before MMR at 18 months, she vocalised only 'two or three words.'"
71. Wheldon Houlsby [consultant paediatrician]. Letter to Neela Shabde [community paediatrician] 17 February 1995. Day 29. "I was asked to see [Child 8] last year when there was concern about her development generally. When I saw her in clinic at the age of 10½ months I discovered that she had a coarctation, and referred her to the paediatric cardiologists. This was repaired surgically, and she is now well from this point of view. However concern about her development persists."
72. For reference, according to Medline Plus, from the US National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health, the typical 18 month old "Can say 10 or more words when asked". According to the Early Identification of Developmental Delay and Disability project, funded by the state of California, at age 15 months, a child typically "uses 4-6 words", and at 16-18 months "uses 7-20 words".
73. Michael Rutter. Evidence to the panel. Day 37. "It is the kind of account that one often gets with an autism spectrum disorder. The fact that the child had only two to three words would make one uncertain as to whether this is a true bill or not, in that that is a very small amount of language to lose, but this is the kind of thing that one often sees so that the picture that comes out of all of these records is of a developmental problem that began early, involves language, involves some autistic-like features, quite a lot of hyperactivity, so that there does not seem much doubt that there was some sort of pervasive developmental disorder that could be regarded as falling on the autism spectrum at an earlier point."
Endnote 71 refers to consultant paediatrician Dr Houlsby's examination of child 8 after MMR and not 'side by side with' the earlier suspicion of coarctation of the aorta. This is what Dr Houlsby said about child 8 in May 1994 before MMR, at the first examination the previous year: child 8 "sits very stably. She does not crawl or roll. Her mother is now happy with her general health. She is vocal. She is beginning to manipulate small objects appropriately. She has mild eczema.... My impression was that she is a child who is developing within normal limits, but in whom I thought I may have found congenital heart disease as an incidental finding. I have arranged an EEG which was of very poor quality but probably within normal limits … I am therefore referring her to the Paediatric Cardiologists for a further opinion." (Letter from Dr Houlsby, consultant paediatrician, to Dr Tapsfield (another practice GP), 24 May 1994, Day 29, p.2). Writing to the paediatric cardiac surgeon on 23 December 1994, a month before MMR, Dr Houlsby reiterates his view that child 8's abilities "were not outside the normal" (Day 29, p.3). In summary, the child is assessed as normal apart from congenital heart disease.
Deer's quote from Houlsby's letter of 17 February 1995 (endnote 71) refers to an examination that raised developmental concerns shortly after the MMR given on 27 January 1995. The transcripts record the following summary by the prosecuting counsel examining the GP Dr Jelley. Referring to the same letter from Dr Houlsby to Dr Shabde (the community paediatrician), counsel says: "'Dictated 17 February 1995', so a matter of a few weeks after the MMR. [Dr Houlsby] says, 'She was recently admitted to the ward [on 13 February 1995] following a febrile convulsion in association with gastroenteritis...When I reviewed her in clinic recently I confirmed that she is globally developmentally delayed, functioning at about a one year level... There were no neurological abnormalities other than the developmental delay'" (Day 29, p.6).
So Deer's quote refers to the consultant's record of his examination of child 8 following a febrile convulsion and gastroenteritis 2 weeks after MMR and requiring emergency hospital admission.
In endnotes 72 & 73, Deer refers to the number of words child 8 spoke by 18 months before MMR at 20 months, suggesting early delay in language acquisition. Professor Rutter, the prosecution's psychiatric expert witness, advises that the number of words lost based on the number of words acquired in the first year is too small for an assessment of significant loss. However, contrary to his advice, he goes on to suggest that the loss of two or three words may be typical of developmental problems and autism. But no reference to the child's vocabulary of "two or three words" is given in the GP's examination on Day 29. Rutter's reference to 'two or three words' is unreferenced and a "this is the kind of thing that one often sees" generalisation.
Several references are made in doctors' letters to the mother's saying that child 8 had several words before her MMR immunisation which were subsequently no longer used. For example, the GP says to the hearing, "Several months later her mum said she had been looking at a video when Child 8 had a little bit of speech before the vaccination and she felt that that had reduced post-vaccination" (Day 29, p.4).
Quote 2. "[B]oth the hospital and members of the primary care team involved with [child 8] had significant concerns about her development some months before she had her MMR."
74. Diana Jelley. Referral letter to Wakefield. 3 October 1996. Day 29
Again Deer persists with his claim that child 8's developmental problems began before MMR. He refers to the GP's referral letter to Dr Wakefield which, though claiming concerns prior to MMR, in fact referred to Dr Houlsby's letter of 17 February 1995 (see above) noting child 8's condition after the MMR, namely gastroenteritis and convulsions. But again other parts of the hearing transcripts cast doubt on Deer's claim. For example, the prosecuting counsel asks Dr Jelley, GP: "What was the mother of Child 8's perception of Child 8's reaction to the vaccine? Answer: I felt that the mother was concerned fairly soon after the vaccine – I think I saw her at home on a home visit shortly after the vaccination – she had had a kind of feverish reaction to it. There obviously was no suggestion of delay at that point..." (In fact, Dr Houlsby's letter of 17 February 1995 referred to her being "globally developmentally delayed"). The examination continues: Question: In terms of the more immediate reaction to the vaccine, you say that mum reported a fever. Answer: Yes. I remember seeing her at home and then I think she was admitted with a febrile convulsion shortly afterwards" (Day 29, p.4).
Contrary to Deer's claim that child 8 had developmental delay before MMR, the following GP note records the concerns raised by the post-MMR convulsions: "MMR Jan 95: -> Grand mal convulsion Feb 95 2 weeks after MMR (no letter). Never the same again. Frequent diarrhoea, not infected but no tests done. Eats well and gains weight" (GP note, May 1994, Day 29, p.5).
The Lancet paper accurately records this in Table 2, stating under column headed 'Interval from exposure to first behavioural symptom', "2 weeks", and under 'Features associated with exposure', "Fever, convulsion, rash & diarrhoea", so corroborating the GP's account.
CHILD 1 (born January 1993; MMR 19 January 1994)
Quote 1: "One of the mother's concerns was that he could not hear properly—which might sound like a hallmark presentation of classical autism, the emergence of which is often insidious."
Despite Deer's suggestion of a hallmark presentation of classic autism evidenced in the child's earliest months, the GP's record says differently: "4.11.93...Mum worried re hearing/wax in ears/? Discharge left ear…Reassured." (Day 5, p.52). In other words, Deer is referring to the common childhood condition. The 'hallmark' was not an indication of a more insidious condition.
However, 13 months after MMR child 1 did see an audiologist who reported that "'Mrs 1 reported that Child 1 has around three meaningful words but his comprehension appears to be delayed....We are satisfied that Child 1's hearing is adequate for normal development of speech and have discharged him from this clinic. (Day 5, p.53)". After more than a year following MMR, this 'hallmark presentation' had now become a sign of developmental regression.
Quote 2: "Child 1 was vaccinated at 12 months of age, however...in the Lancet, the 'first behavioural symptom' was reported '1 week' after the injection, holding the evidence for the lawsuit on track. Step 1 to achieve this: two and a half years after the child was vaccinated, Walker-Smith took an outpatient history. Although the mother apparently had no worries following her son's vaccination, the professor elicited that the boy was 'pale' 7-10 days after the shot. He also elicited that the child 'possibly' had a fever, and 'may' have been delirious, as well as pale.(81) "It's difficult to associate a clear historical link with the MMR and the answer to autism," Walker-Smith wrote to the general practitioner, with a similar letter to Wakefield, "although [Mrs 1] does believe that [child 1] had an illness 7-10 days after MMR when he was pale, ?fever, ?delirious, but wasn't actually seen by a doctor."
80. Anthea Barrow. Referral letter. 17 May 1996. "Mr & Mrs 1's most recent concern is that the MMR vaccination given to their son may be responsible for the autism." Day 5.
81. John Walker-Smith. Letter to Wakefield. 21 June 1996. Day 36.
82. John Walker-Smith. Letter Andrea Barrow. 21 June 1996. Day 77. Day 102.
Here, as elsewhere, Deer seems to assume that arriving at a diagnosis of autism is straightforward for parents and for doctors, ignoring the often lengthy retrospective process of arriving at a definitive diagnosis. He uses his simplified understanding of the diagnostic process to construct a narrative of Dr Wakefield 'fixing' the Lancet data in steps one to four. However the evidence shows otherwise. Professor Walker-Smith's case history accurately records the parents' belief that child 1 had a fever and was delirious seven to ten days after MMR. This information is entered in Table 2 of the paper, which states "1 week" under 'Interval from exposure to first behavioural symptom'. The next column shows the 'features associated with exposure' as "Fever/delirium".
Quote 3: "Step 2: for the Lancet, Wakefield dropped the question marks, turning Walker-Smith's queries into assertions. And, although Royal Free admission and discharge records refer to 'classical' autism, step 3, the former surgeon reported 'delirium' as the first 'behavioural symptom' of regressive autism, with, step 4, a 'time to onset' of 7 days'."
Walker-Smith's use of question marks in his record of the parents' statement reflects the passage of time between the first signs of regression following MMR and his examination of child 1 two and a half years later at the Royal Free, by which time autism had been expressly mooted. In compiling Table 2, summarising the case histories which members of the research team (but not Wakefield) took from parents, Wakefield distilled the essential points and removed Walker-Smith's annotations. There was nothing underhand ‒ as Deer suggests ‒ in tabulating the bare information given by parents: the Lancet's 'Early Report' paper summarises the information gleaned from the case histories and other clinical data.
The behavioural symptom 'delirium' accurately describes the symptom parents noted at about 1 week without knowing that their child would eventually be diagnosed as autistic.
Deer questions child 1's diagnosis of regressive autism and bowel disease. However his admission to the Royal Free was for clinical investigations based on symptoms not diagnoses. The GP enclosed some consultant letters with her referral letter. Indeed, the GMC transcripts reveal the following records after MMR and prior to referral to the Royal Free, supporting the case for regressive autism and bowel symptoms:
- GP notes for 1 November 1995 say "Autism". (Day 5, p.54)
- Dr Hauck, Consultant Psychiatrist in Learning Disability, "On 7.3.96 I met Mrs 1, He suffers from loose stools on most days, she tells me. From the Autistic Society she has received information about the benefits for some children of a casein-free and gluten-free diet" (Day 5, p.53).
- GP's referral letter to Walker-Smith at the Royal Free, 17 May 1996, "[Child 1] initially developed normally, reaching the normal milestones until he was about 15 months old. He then regressed and has now been diagnosed as autistic" (Day 5, p.55).
The GP notes for 26 October 1994, written when child 1 had his 21-month check, 9 months after MMR and 19 months before his referral to the Royal Free, say, '"Little co-operation with psychomotor assessment. Will not obey. Tantrums when denied. Does not seem to understand or express speech very much. (cf probs with older brother). Discuss with health visitor for check audio. Re-assess in early 95. Long chat with mum" (Day 5, p.52). So the early signs of developmental illness were evident to the GP within months of MMR and long before the child's referral to the Royal Free.
Quote 4: "So here—behind the paper—is how Wakefield evidenced his 'syndrome' for the lawsuit, and built his platform to launch the vaccine scare.
To construct his case that Wakefield fabricated the evidence, Deer must impute a motive as to why he would risk his reputation, namely that Wakefield wanted to discover a new syndrome to support the case of disabled children litigating against MMR manufacturers for vaccine damage. The discovery of a new syndrome is central to Deer's case. However, he uses the term 'syndrome' (ie an association between two or more previously unrelated symptoms, namely autism and bowel disease) in two confusing ways: as a "brain-bowel syndrome" and as an "MMR syndrome". But the evidence doesn't serve Deer's case. There is no reference in the Lancet paper to a "new syndrome" linking autism and bowel disease. All the references are to a hypothetical syndrome qualified, as befits a small initial case series paper, as follows:
- "We did not prove an association between measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and the syndrome described."
- "If there is a causal link between measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and this syndrome...."
- "Further investigations are needed to examine this syndrome and its possible relation to this vaccine." (all Wakefield et al, 1998, p.641)
CHILD 5 (born 10 December 1988; MMR 10 April 1990)
Quote 1: "Child 5, from Berkshire, aged 7 at admission, had received MMR at 16 months. The paper reported concerns at 18 months, but the medical records noted fits and parental worries at 11 months."
86. Child 5 was born on 10 December 1988 and received MMR on 10 April 1990.
87. Geoffrey Shillam. GP records. 24 November 1989. Day 11.
88. Dr Williams. Letter to Dr Wilkinson. January 1992. Day 11, Day 36 "At one year he had convulsions which led to a further hospital admission but these appear to have been due to a high fever. From then on his parents noticed a difference in his development and feel that these febrile epileptic seizures continue to the present day... At 10 months of age he was saying mummy and daddy but then became very miserable and appeared to lose ground in his development after he had been in hospital."
The Lancet paper Table 2 says under 'Exposure identified by parent or doctor': 'none'. Therefore there was no evidence to fabricate. Deer suggests this is another case where there is no link between MMR and autism, but in this case the paper does not report a link.
Based on Dr William's letter (see endnote 88) of January 1992 and written 21 months after MMR, Deer suggests that febrile convulsions and high fever at 10 months are evidence that concerns were raised prior to MMR. However, once again the transcripts for Day 11 show that for child 5 (as for all 11 children) autism and bowel symptoms were identified after MMR – and so this child was included in the Lancet 12:
- Letter, 20 March 1991, written by Dr Sumitra (audiology consultant) to Mr Heyworth, ENT consultant and copied to Dr Shillam GP, "His speech is limited to two to four single words only. I did not hear him say a word and found it difficult to establish a rapport. I suspect there is a serious problem here" (p.36).
- Letter from Dr Sumitra to Dr Shillam, GP, 9 January 1992: "autistic like features" (p.37).
- Dr Wallis, consultant paediatrician writes on 31 March 1995 to Dr Shillam, "Diagnosis of autism" (p.44).
- Dr Richer's letter, 15 December 1995, to GP: "he may be suffering excess candida" (p.41).
- Dr Shillam's referral letter to Professor Walker-Smith, 1 October 1996, refers to "autism and childhood bowel problems" (p.48).
We have focused on Deer's second claim that "the paper specified that all 12 children were "previously normal," but that five had documented pre-existing developmental concerns.
He selects those parts of the transcripts that support the case for Wakefield fixing the data and ignores other parts that undermine the case. He ignores letters, reports and witness statements that show the children developing normally before the MMR. For example, he ignores accounts of child 4's normal development at nine months (apart from the coarctation), and child 8's normal development at 11 months. He does not mention child 4's measles vaccination several years before his MMR. He misses the significance of child 8's convulsions and gastroenteritis immediately after MMR. He sets down false trails that lead nowhere, such as child 4's fragile X gene or child 1's hearing before MMR. He confuses a syndrome associating autism and bowel disease ‒ presented as part of the case series paper ‒ with the 'MMR syndrome'. He oversimplifies the everyday complexities and uncertainties doctors and parents grapple with in reaching an autism diagnosis.
Yet, contrary to Deer's claim, the above documentary evidence from the GMC hearing points to the possibility that the children underwent developmental regression, in the form of autism and bowel disease, after MMR and not before. On balance a more extensive reading of the GMC transcripts than he provides upholds rather than undermines the findings of the Lancet paper.
Martin Hewitt, PhD is a former UK social policy academic whose research focused on the politics of health and welfare. He has written several books, chapters for edited books and journal papers. Until recently he managed social policy and pensions work at the Institute of Actuaries in London. He has a teenage autistic son.


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Body Count Frontman Ice-T's Grandson Arrested In Accidental Fatal Shooting Of Roommate
Body Count vocalist Ice-T's 19-year-old grandson Elyjah Marrow has been charged with involuntary manslaughter for accidentally fatally shooting his roommate Daryus Johnson, also 19, in Marietta, Ga. The incident happened on Tuesday, June 24, when Marrow was apparently "recklessly handling" a gun, reports the Marietta Daily Journal.
"Marrow was not using proper firearms safety when handling the gun," said police office David Baldwin. "That reckless handling of the firearm is what led to Johnson being accidentally shot and eventually killed."
As TMZ reports, Marrow was seen on the reality TV series 'Ice Loves Coco,' which starred Ice-T and his wife. In addition to being charged with involuntary manslaughter, Marrow faces charges of possession of a firearm while committing a felony, as well as reckless conduct, possession of a stolen firearm and intent to distribute marijuana. He is currently being detained in jail without bond.
Check back for more news as the story develops.


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Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more.
Nuisance complaints can be reported to Animal Control Services at 972-932-3094 or by clicking here.
Show All Answers
Yes. All pets that reside in the city limits of Kaufman must be registered with the city.
Each dog and cat must be registered with the City of Kaufman Animal Services Division once it reaches three months of age. A current metal registration tag will be issued, and this tag must be affixed to a collar or harness and worn at all times. Documentation of a current rabies vaccination is required at the time of registration.
The fee to register a pet is $5 . Registration is valid for 12 months from the date of issuance. Registrations can be obtained at Kaufman City Hall..
The following animals are exempt from the registration requirement:
Additional Details
Yes. All pets over the age of 3 months must be Rabies vaccinated. City Ordinance 18.72.
No. However, allowing animals to run at large is against city ordinance 18.36.
No. State law requires all pets be kept on a "lead, trolley, or pulley system" that is a minimum of 10 feet in length. Think of a laundry line in your backyard, your dog must be able to run the length of the laundry line by having him attached to it by a cable with a clip. (Health & Safety Code 821.077)
If you live in the city limits of Kaufman you are allowed to have up to 4 adult domestic animals. City Ordinance 18.80.
The City of Kaufman contracts with the Humane Society of Cedar Creek Lake in Seven Points.
No. The City of Kaufman does not remove bee hives. There are several companies that serve Kaufman County such as
Baldwin Pest Services http://www.baldwinpestservices.com/
Kaufman Bee Keepers http://kaufman-beekeepers.business.site/
AA Bee Removal Experts http://www.aabeeremovalexperts.com/


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More than 20 Korean celebrities have come together in making a music video honoring Pope Francis' upcoming visit, and is an initiative they hope will help to overcome religious differences. "I thought that if we united in praying for others (through this song), it would be the most beautiful flower bouquet that we could give to the pope when he arrives," actor Ahn Sung-ki, who organized the event, stated in a July 7 news conference releasing the video. According to the Korea Herald, the video, entitled "Koinonia," is a celebration of Pope Francis' Aug. 14 — 18 visit to South Korea, and was named for the title's Greek meaning of fellowship, sharing in common and communion. "So many people live just for themselves. If more people prayed for others, the world would be a better place to live," the song's composer and lyricist, Noh Young-sim, said at the news conference, which was held in Seoul's Myeongdong Cathedral where Pope Francis will celebrate Mass his final day in Korea. Among other celebrities who participated in the event were actress Kim Tae-hee from KBS TV drama "Iris," actor Kim Woo-bin from SBS' "The Heirs," actress Kim Ha-neul from SBS' series "A Gentleman's Dignity" and singer Bada. "The song carries our hope that the pope's visit will bring joy to all of Korea, beyond religious differences," Sung-ki explained, stating that "Surprisingly, many (stars) were willing to participate, although some couldn't make it because of their schedules." Executive producer of Realies Pictures Won Dong-youn, whose former projects include "Masquerade" (2012), directed the music video. Speaking with those present during the Monday conference, he pointed out that all celebrities involved in the video did so on a volunteer basis. "As a producer, it was such an extraordinary experience to work with so many stars all at once," he said. "It was easy too, because they were so willing to do this, considering it a true honor to be part of it." Won and Noh are also making plans to release different versions of the song and new videos in coming weeks. The original version will be played during numerous events in the pontiff's trip, including the Beatification Mass of 124 Korean martyrs. The preparation committee organizing the pontiff's visit also revealed that they have been in contact with North Korean authorities to negotiate the possibility of inviting North Korean believers to the pope's final Mass in Seoul. "We've invited around 10 North Koreans to participate in the event," Rev. Mattias Hur Young-yup, a representative for the committee, said. "We expect an answer by early August." Pope Francis' visit was announced by the Vatican in March, and comes after his reception of an invitation from the president of the Korean Republic, Park Geun-hye, and the bishops of Korea. Following the motto "Rise Korea, clothe yourself in light, the Lord's glory shines upon you," the pope's visit will begin with his departure from Rome the evening of Wednesday, Aug. 13.
Catholic News Agency was founded in 2004, in response to Pope St. John Paul II's call for a "New Evangelization." It is an apostolate of EWTN News.


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AES San Francisco 2012
Paper Session P1
P1 - Amplifiers and Equipment
Friday, October 26, 9:00 am — 11:00 am (Room 121)
Jayant Datta, THX - San Francisco, CA, USA; Syracuse University - Syracuse, NY, USA
P1-1 A Low-Voltage Low-Power Output Stage for Class-G Headphone Amplifiers—Alexandre Huffenus, EASii IC - Grenoble, France
This paper proposes a new headphone amplifier circuit architecture, which output stage can be powered with very low supply rails from ±1.8 V to ±0.2 V. When used inside a Class-G amplifier, with the switched mode power supply powering the output stage, the power consumption can be significantly reduced. For a typical listening level of 2x100µW, the increase in power consumption compared to idle is only 0.7mW, instead of 2.5mW to 3mW for existing amplifiers. In battery-powered devices like smartphones or portable music players, this can increase the battery life of more than 15% during audio playback. Theory of operation, electrical performance and a comparison with the actual state of the art will be detailed.
Convention Paper 8684 (Purchase now)
P1-2 Switching/Linear Hybrid Audio Power Amplifiers for Domestic Applications, Part 2: The Class-B+D Amplifier—Harry Dymond, University of Bristol - Bristol, UK; Phil Mellor, University of Bristol - Bristol, UK
The analysis and design of a series switching/linear hybrid audio power amplifier rated at 100 W into 8 O are presented. A high-fidelity linear stage controls the output, while the floating mid-point of the power supply for this linear stage is driven by a switching stage. This keeps the voltage across the linear stage output transistors low, enhancing efficiency. Analysis shows that the frequency responses of the linear and switching stages must be tightly matched to avoid saturation of the linear stage output transistors. The switching stage employs separate DC and AC feedback loops in order to minimize the adverse effects of the floating-supply reservoir capacitors, through which the switching stage output current must flow.
Convention Paper 8685 (Purchase now)
P1-3 Investigating the Benefit of Silicon Carbide for a Class D Power Stage—Verena Grifone Fuchs, University of Siegen - Siegen, Germany; CAMCO GmbH - Wenden, Germany; Carsten Wegner, University of Siegen - Siegen, Germany; CAMCO GmbH - Wenden, Germany; Sebastian Neuser, University of Siegen - Siegen, Germany; Dietmar Ehrhardt, University of Siegen - Siegen, Germany
This paper analyzes in which way silicon carbide transistors improve switching errors and loss associated with the power stage. A silicon carbide power stage and a conventional power stage with super-junction devices are compared in terms of switching behavior. Experimental results of switching transitions, delay times, and harmonic distortion as well as a theoretical evaluation are presented. Emending the imperfection of the power stage, silicon carbide transistors bring out high potential for Class D audio amplification.
Convention Paper 8686 (Purchase now)
P1-4 Efficiency Optimization of Class G Amplifiers: Impact of the Input Signals—Patrice Russo, Lyon Institute of Nanotechnology - Lyon, France; Gael Pillonnet, University of Lyon - Lyon, France; CPE dept; Nacer Abouchi, Lyon Institute of Nanotechnology - Lyon, France; Sophie Taupin, STMicroelectronics, Inc. - Grenoble, France; Frederic Goutti, STMicroelectronics, Inc. - Grenoble, France
Class G amplifiers are an effective solution to increase the audio efficiency for headphone applications, but realistic operating conditions have to be taken into account to predict and optimize power efficiency. In fact, power supply tracking, which is a key factor for high efficiency, is poorly optimized with the classical design method because the stimulus used is very different from a real audio signal. Here, a methodology has been proposed to find class G nominal conditions. By using relevant stimuli and nominal output power, the simulation and test of the class G amplifier are closer to the real conditions. Moreover, a novel simulator is used to quickly evaluate the efficiency with these long duration stimuli, i.e., ten seconds instead of a few milliseconds. This allows longer transient simulation for an accurate efficiency and audio quality evaluation by averaging the class G behavior. Based on this simulator, this paper indicates the limitations of the well-established test setup. Real efficiencies vary up to ±50% from the classical methods. Finally, the study underlines the need to use real audio signals to optimize the supply voltage tracking of class G amplifiers in order to achieve a maximal efficiency in nominal operation.
Convention Paper 8687 (Purchase now)


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From: Walter Francis Fitzpatrick, III United States Navy Retired
- Robert Swan Mueller, III, Director – Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington D.C. (ORIGINAL)
- The Foreman of the two sitting Federal Grand Juries sitting in Knoxville, Tennessee via William C. Killian, U.S. Attorney for Tennessee's Easter District
1. OBAMA represents a clear and present danger to U.S. national security, to the U.S. Constitution and to our Republican form of government. OBAMA IS A FOREIGN BORN DOMESTIC ENEMY! OBAMA is working assiduously to destroy America! No document record exists showing Barack Hussein OBAMA to be a United States citizen.
2. OBAMA paid money and aided and abetted Al-Qaeda members and groups that attacked Americans on U.S. territory in Benghazi, Libya on 11 and 12 September 2012. Al-Qaeda is the jihadist terrorist organization that attacked the United States on 11 September 2001.
3. Pro-jihadist and Islamist OBAMA personally denied frantic cries for help from Americans in mortal danger throughout a 7-hour attack by approximately 150 heavily armed known jihadists. OBAMA watched four Americans die in real time. OBAMA is allowing our enemies to slaughter our servicemen piecemeal at the same time ordering our troops to disarm.
4. OBAMA lies to the American people about his TREASON with every opportunity. OBAMA is lying to the American people about the 11-12 September attack in Benghazi, Libya in a cover story intended to protect OBAMA from facing a criminal prosecution and conviction.
5. OBAMA is personally responsible for OBAMA the 6 August 2011 shoot-down of an Army CH-47D Chinook helicopter in Afghanistan. 17 Navy SEALS died. All 5 men of the Chinook crew died. 3 Air Force special tactics airmen died. 5 men of a Navy support force died. OBAMA and his gang of outlaws lie to the America people about that.
6. In commission of TREASON In commission OBAMA is engaged in purchasing and supplying guns, heavy weapons, high-powered munitions and explosives to foreign aggressors—AMERICA'S ENEMIES—around the globe. OBAMA has and continues to ship weapons from Libya to Syria through Turkey. Some weapons may be being directly shipped to Syria. Christopher Stevens was OBAMA's point man of this operation when Stevens was murdered in Benghazi during the attack of 11-12 September 2012. In this TREASON OBAMA is arming America's enemies: Al-Qaeda and the Muslim Brotherhood connected Syrian rebels.
7. As an Act of TREASON OBAMA provides safe-haven and sanctuary to those bent on the destruction of the United States, its people, and its form of government. OBAMA encourages, facilitates and arms our enemies to carry out a WAR on the United States from enemy bases set up in the homeland and around the globe. OBAMA aids and abets these known enemy forces to establish and strike from strongholds OBAMA allows established on American soil.
8. OBAMA refuses to pledge his allegiance to the United States.OBAMA conspires with leaders of countries, groups and organizations bent upon the destruction of America. By so doing OBAMA engages in TREASON against the United States in every aspect of TREASON.
9. As an Act of TREASON OBAMA broke into and occupies the White House by force of contrivance, concealment, conceit, dissembling and deceit. OBAMA is an undocumented illegal alien and spy. Posing as an imposter president and commander-in-chief OBAMA strips civilian command and control over the military establishment. Known military criminal actors—command racketeers such as Martin Dempsey—are free in the exercise of an extra-military government intent upon the destruction of our Republican, constitutional form of governance. There are dozens of senior military commanders no more obedient to the United States Constitution than is OBAMA.
10. OBAMA is joined in his TREASON by a raft of civilian criminal assistants too numerous to name in this submission. I leave it to the Grand Jury, in the conduct of an independent, autonomous, and unfettered investigation, to assign specificity and particularity to the list of OBAMA'S co-conspiring outlaws.
11. OBAMA is a FOREIGN BORN DOMESTIC ENEMY, an infiltrator, a traitor and a spy. OBAMA installed and operates a government that rivals and competes with our U.S. Constitution. OBAMA operates government not found in our United States Constitution. If not arrested OBAMA will continue to commit TREASON. OBAMA is emboldened now and more dangerous to this country's survival as a constitutional Republic than any other threat the United States faces in the world.
12. We come now to this reckoning: I accuse Barack Hussein OBAMA of TREASON. I accuse OBAMA'S military-political criminal assistants of TREASON. Their criminal mischief is recognized as TREASON in pure form. I expose and identify OBAMA and his criminal associates as TRAITORS (Joe Biden, Hillary Clinton, Leon Panetta, Susan Rice, David Petraeus and Martin Dempsey but a few).
13. It needs be said out loud and relentlessly: OBAMA is aiding and abetting America's enemies. OBAMA is lying to the American people in every regard going to OBAMA'S TREASONOUNS escapades. OBAMA IS A CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER TO THESE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA!
14. This submission renews and extends all previous filings naming OBAMA in commission of TREASON dating from 17 March 2009. The list of ACTS of OBAMA'S TREASON found in this formal criminal complaint is not exhaustive. Far from it.
15. My sworn duty is to stand against everything OBAMA stands for. The FOREIGN BORN DOMESTIC ENEMY OBAMA IS NOT MY PRESIDENT! HE IS NOT MY COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF!
"This is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is perhaps, the end of the beginning."
Obedient to my oath to the United States Constitution in submission of this criminal complaint for TREASON I remain stead fast and,
Walter Francis Fitzpatrick, III
United States Navy Retired
Distribution wide
Sworn and issued before me
Ashlei D. Lawson this 8th day of November 2012
at 1003 hours local (10: o3 a.m. EST)
My commission expires: 23 April 2013


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Senior Week Resources
This page serves to provide additional information about and to link to resources that participants in the Senior Week Secrets Tours viewed during their tour of the University Archives on May 16-17, 2013. Researchers interested in studying any of these topics in depth are advised to Ask an Archivist for pointers to additional resources.
Men's Basketball and other athletics
Our holdings of men's basketball media guides, programs, realia, posters, team photographs, and more are available as a part of Record Group B-2.4. Many action photographs from men's basketball and other sports are maintained as a part of our Photo and General Information Files, with additional images contained in more recent collections of negatives and born-digital images created by the University Photographer and now serviced by the University Archives. Video footage of men's basketball games and compilations is a part of record group A-4.5 Series 17; a large collection of relatively recent video is currently unprocessed and is not described online. Interested researchers can contact an archivist for information about these additional video holdings.
Men's basketball is the most well-documented of the intercollegiate sports here at Marquette, but the University Archives also maintains a variety of records related to the other intercollegiate sports teams.
The University Archives holds a run of Former Athlete Files, which contain photographs, press releases, newspaper clippings, and forms prepared at the time the student entered Marquette.
Several digital collections of images related to athletics have been created online, including the Intercollegiate Athletic Hall of Fame Collection, the Ralph Metcalfe Collection, and the Women in Blue and Gold collection.
Campus Physical Plant
University Archives preserves a huge collection of images and records related to the physical space on campus. One quick source of images of campus is in our Photos and General Information Files, which include files for many campus buildings and other topics. More recent images of campus can be found in negative and born-digital image collections created by the University Photographer and now serviced by the University Archives (available in the reading room).
Records related to the construction of buildings on campus are a part of the Administrative Subject Files created by Facilities Services; the department also transferred a variety of historic blueprints and drawings.
A selection of images from these and other sources have been digitized and are available online as a part of our Building a Campus digital collection.
Student Publications
The University Archives maintains a complete print run of The Marquette Tribune, which is available for research in the Archives Reading Room. Due to physical deterioration, we ask that researchers consult the microfilm copy for older years. While the publication has not been digitized, a variety of internal resources may help identify potentially relevant articles; contact us for additional information.
While a few early issues are missing from our holdings of the Marquette Journal, the University Archives maintains a nearly complete print run of the publication and has been capturing some of the Journal's online only content via our subscription to Archive-It.
The complete run of the print version of the Marquette Hilltop, the student yearbook, is available online via e-Archives; print copies are available for consultation in the Archives Reading Room. In some cases, photographic prints from the Hilltop are a part of our Biographical Information Files or Photos and General Information Files; other prints were maintained within a Hilltop Photograph Collection. In many cases, the original photographic prints or negatives are no longer extant.
Student Life
Student life is an incredibly vast topic and the selection available for display is a very small portion of the archives' holdings. Many records related to student life are a part of our Student Organizations record group (fraternities, sororities, student government, clubs, band, theater, etc.). Other activities, such as prom, homecoming, campus carnival, and more, are available as a part of our Student Activities record group. These series contain paper records as well as memorabilia and ephemera in addition to scrapbooks. Images from these events and activities are often a part of our Photos and General Information Files.
The vast majority of film and video resources documenting the non-athletic history of the university are available as a part of the Marquette University-Related Films and Videos series. Limited numbers of moving images are scattered elsewhere throughout our holdings (athletic-related holdings are referred to above).
Course Catalogs and Commencement
Commencement activities are documented in our All-University Assemblies record group, which includes commencement programs, newspaper clippings, tickets, and the text of some commencement addresses. Images taken at commencement are contained in our Photos and General Information Files; more recent images can be found in negative and born-digital image collections created by the University Photographer and now serviced by the University Archives (available in the reading room).
Course catalogs and bulletins may be useful when you are applying to graduate school or need to provide documentation related to your coursework, in particular course descriptions (the Registrar's Office maintains your official student record). Print publication of the bulletin ceased in 2010-2011; the electronic-only and PDF versions going back to 1999-2000 are available via the archives' subscription to Archive-It.


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Flannel red snowflake bedding is just what
Kim's bedroom needed to make it feel all
A duvet cover and pillow shams.
A black matlesse blanket ties in with the
black furniture and keeps the red from
overwhelming the space.
Of course you need a pile of pretty pillows.
Most can be used any time of year.
And the dog makes it home.
Khaleesi wanted to give her opinion on the
comfy softness. Two paws up!
I hung the sign I made HERE.
& to all a good night
(Kim found the bedding at Target in TX)


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DK People & Places: South America
The triangular continent of South America stretches from north of the equator almost down to the Antarctic Circle. It contains three very different landscapes. In the west, the Andes tower 22,833 ft (6,959 m) high, forming a backbone down the entire length of the continent, along the Pacific Ocean coast. Dense rainforests in the humid Amazon valley and along the Caribbean coast cover much of the north and northeast. In the south, windswept grasslands and dry pampas roll down to the cold, rocky point of the continent at Cape Horn.
The world's longest mountain chain, the Andes, runs 4,505 miles (7,250 km) down the western edge of South America. Its steep slopes are terraced to grow barley, potatoes, and wheat on its colder, upper slopes, and coffee, tobacco, and corn on the warmer, lower slopes.
Total land area: 16,886,000 sq miles (7,835,000 sq km)
Total population: 355 million
Number of countries: 12
Largest country: Brazil 3,286,469 sq miles (8,511,965 sq km)
Smallest country: Suriname 62,344 sq miles (161,470 sq km)
Largest country population: Brazil 175 million
Largest lake: Lake Titicaca, Bolivia/Peru 3,220 sq miles (8,340 sq km)
Longest river: Amazon, Brazil 4,001 miles (6,439 km)
Highest point: Cerro Aconcagua, Argentina 22,833 ft (6,959 m)
Major deserts: Atacama Desert, Chile
Largest island: Tierra del Fuego 18,140 sq miles (47,000 sq km)


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Uh, hello? I just wanted to take a moment to be serious... just for a sec.
I know you think the internet is just fun and games, but hear me out: there's some serious shit going on that I think you should know about. This isn't stuff I just wrote down because I thought it was important. This stuff is serious. I mean really serious. Please, calm the fuck down and listen to what I'm saying.
And I swear to GOD, if someone deletes this page because it's "too serious for Uncyclopedia" again, I will hunt them down. This is serious shit, okay?
there's some serious shit going down in Africa
The internet is serious business. I don't want you doing any online investing until this shit in Africa is sorted out. I don't want you doing anything else until Africa is safe from whatever it is that's been raping it for so long.
I know you don't like hearing about this, but there's, like, 50 dying people in Africa right now. There was a huge avalanche, and then there was this rebellion, coupled with this famine. I don't know where, but I really want you guys to donate. Seriously.
Seriously. I want you to donate. Go donate stuff. They need help, guys. I don't know where they are, but they need some serious help.
Don't just sit around at home praying for them or whatever it is that you idiots normally do. You need to donate, like, right now. Here's the link:
they'll lose their funding
They're gonna lose all their money. They will LOSE all their MONEY. Stop reading Uncyclopedia and get going. They won't have enough money to do any of that shit they used to do. Calm the fuck down, I'm trying to be serious. Shut the hell up for god's sakes! They need money, guys. Please. I want you to send some fucking money to them right now. Turn. off. the. computer. and send money.
Donate anything: socks, wet socks, money, t-shirts with your face on them... anything. These people are starving, and they know you can help for just pennies a day. They'll be back on track doing whatever it is they do in no time. Guys, this is totally serious. Stop the fucking shit and get donatin'.
the kids
There are so many of them, and they need good homes. If you don't donate some children right now, the vet's gonna put 'em down. You need to donate. I'm serious right now donate do it. These children are starving n' shit. They need some hamburgers or SOMETHING! They'll just sit there starving and starving until you donate.
I know you have some money you moocher. I know you do. You just bought that new car. Considering you're a fry cook, I don't know how you got the money, but you should donate. You need to give money to the fucking children. They're looking up at you with their big ol' eyes sayin' please sir, can I have some more? Don't be a bitch. Here's the link:
save 'em
These poor creatures live on the fringes of society, totally ignored by everyone. For thousands of years, humans have destroyed these majestic creature's habitats. Their entire natural ecosystem consists of an old man's backyard. You need to hurry. Please. You need to fuckin' hurry. They'll die without you.
I know you don't care, but look at how cute they are. They'll cuddle up right next to you. More than that, they're the state's official animal! How could you not donate to them? Do you love our beautiful state, or are you a traitor?
They're almost gone. Like, I'm serious. They're almost gone from existence because of hunting and because there's a sport involving throwing them up in the air over and over. There's lots of people who just squeeze them for no reason other than to squeeze furry things. Please please this is serious please.
I know that they think they're better than you, but there's one thing these poor little critters don't have: your money. They're all struttin' around on their hind legs like they own the damn place, but that doesn't mean they're not in trouble. They need your help, for reals. They're down to their last hundred bucks, and they don't have enough money for a new library. They seriously need your help, before they're all squeezed to extinction.
Please donate money. Please please donate. Hurry.
they got sick
This disease kills eight people a year in America alone. It's really rough. It's like getting your soul stabbed every day, but they keep on keepin' on. You can't even walk or breathe or whatever! I read in a magazine or something that it sucks, like, major balls.
This isn't some disease you can just let go past you without donating. I want you to fuckin' stop readin' this and go donate, or else you're a fascist. You don't want your coworkers thinking you're a fascist, do you? You need to donate to the-- the disease place so that they'll have enough money and donations.
Please guys, cmon, I hardly ask you to do anything, please:
the orphans
I mean, seriously, they don't have any money at all. They're just sittin' there, starving. They don't have any food: not a single one. They don't have a single turkey-breast sandwhich to their name. I know I already talked about them, but I just saw this commercial. Please, they're just kids, and that background music was so sad. The fat guy with a beard who thinks I have enough money to give them says that they don't have enough sandwiches n' shit to last 'em through the night.
I know know know you have money. You have a next-gen iPod. I don't know how you could get the time to rake in the cash like that, seeing as how you're a drug dealer, but you need to donate. You need to stop selling crack for just an hour so you can give the orphans money. You need to give. Give give give, until you can't anymore, then donate something. You need to donate, that's what I'm trying to say.
Guys, I'm serious. Put down that doobie and give 'em money c'mon. Here's the link again:
Featured Article (read another featured article) | Featured version: 14 October 2011 |
This article has been featured on the main page. — You can vote for or nominate your favourite articles at Uncyclopedia:VFH. |


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This article is more than 1 year old
Star sacrifices 2,000 comets a DAY to cloak twin planets in dust
Ice cloud hid worlds from boffins - until now
Pic Astroboffins using a new multinational observatory have spotted evidence of two planets orbiting nearby star Fomalhaut – which is just 25 light years away and cloaked in a comet graveyard.
The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), a joint project between Europe, the US, East Asia and Chile is still only in its Early Science phase, with just a quarter of its antennas available for this observation, but it was still capable enough to confirm the unsure theory that the star has a two-planet system.
In 2008, the Hubble Space Telescope had spotted the planet closest to Fomalhaut, which was then thought to be larger than Saturn, but follow up infrared searching failed to find it, leading to some doubts about whether there were any planets there at all.
"ALMA may be still under construction, but it is already the most powerful telescope of its kind. This is just the beginning of an exciting new era in the study of discs and planet formation around other stars", said Bill Dent, ESO astronomer and team member at ALMA, which is due to be finished next year.
Using ALMA, the astronomers snapped exceptionally sharp pics of the ring of dust circling the star, which allowed the boffins to figure out that the planets were there and their probable size. The cloud is formed by what scientists say is the equivalent of thousands of comets smashing into each other every day.
These images show that the inner and outer edges of dusty circle have sharp edges, indicating that the stuff is under the gravitational effects of two planets, one closer to the star and one more distant.
The boffins were also able to get their computer simulations to spit out the likely size of the worlds, which are probably larger than Mars but no bigger than a few times larger than Earth, much smaller than astronomers previously thought.
The planets' relatively small size explains why infrared observations couldn't pick them up.
"Combining ALMA observations of the ring's shape with computer models, we can place very tight limits on the mass and orbit of any planet near the ring," said Aaron Boley of the University of Florida, chief astronomer of the study. "The masses of these planets must be small – otherwise the planets would destroy the ring."
Comet calamity
The dusty belt itself has also been the subject of scrutiny for boffins at ESA's Herschel Space Observatory, who have figured out that the particles are formed by the collision of up to 2,000 icy comets every day.
Herschel has been looking at the orbiting circle at far-infrared wavelengths and has found the dust temperatures to be between -230° and -170° C.
To sustain the whole circle, the equivalent of 2,000 lkm-sized frozen space-rocks must be demolished in impacts every day, leaving small fluffy dust particles behind, which means there are between 260 billion and 83 trillion comets floating around in the belt.
The study of the formation of Fomalhaut's dust belt was led by Dr Bram Acke at the University of Leuven in Belgium using Herschel pictures.
The ALMA images were taken in September and October last year and the full study will be published in Astrophysical Journal Letters. ®


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Get Flash Player
The head of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission wants to strengthen the push for equal access on the Internet. Some companies oppose what they see as government interference.
This is the VOA Special English Economics Report.
"Information wants to be free," the saying goes. But the debate over net neutrality could define how free the exchange of information is going to be in the future.
Net neutrality is the idea that everything on the Internet should be treated equally. That sounds simple. But the issue is a complex mix of technical, business, political and legal questions.
In the United States, communication law is enforced by the Federal Communications Commission. Since 2005, the F.C.C. has used four policy principles to guide its enforcement in cases related to the Internet.
The policy statement says consumers must be able to get the lawful content, applications and services of their choice. Users must be able to connect their choice of devices that are legal and do not harm the network. Another principle supports competition.
This week, in a speech, F.C.C. Chairman Julius Genachowski proposed two more. One would say Internet providers could not discriminate against content or applications. The other would require they explain how they manage their networks.
The F.C.C. chairman also wants to extend all six principles to wireless carriers now that their phones access the Internet. And he wants to make the principles into rules. Next month he will seek to begin the process, which starts with collecting public comment.
The new proposals have roots in disputes involving two companies. In 2007, Verizon refused to make it easier for an abortion rights group to send text messages to its supporters. Verizon said it did not accept programs on issues like abortion or war, but it quickly changed its decision.
And last year, a divided F.C.C. ruled against Comcast for interfering with traffic to a lawful music and video sharing site. At first, Comcast denied it, but then defended its actions as "reasonable network management." Critics said Comcast was trying to block competition with its cable video programming.
Chairman Genachowski says a "free and open Internet" must be safeguarded. But providers say they sometimes have to block sites to prevent abuse. And a big wireless carrier, AT&T, calls extending the net neutrality policy "a risky experiment" with American investment in high-speed Internet.
There is also debate about the desire of some Internet providers to offer special treatment to sites willing to pay for it. That goes against the custom of treating all sites neutrally.
And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter.
Related stories:
The many sounds of college radio
手机私语"扰民" 美国影院欲设干扰
(Source: VOA 英语点津编辑)


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By Peter Martin
AUSTRALIA'S most needless wasteful spending took place under the John Howard-led Coalition government rather than under the Whitlam, Rudd or Gillard Labor governments, a study has found.
The International Monetary Fund study bills itself as the first to examine 200 years of government financial records across 55 leading economies.
It identifies only two periods of Australian "fiscal profligacy" in recent years, both during Mr Howard's term in office - in 2003 at the start of the mining boom and during his final years in office between 2005 and 2007.
The stimulus spending of the Rudd government during the financial crisis does not rate as profligate because the measure makes allowance for spending needed to stabilise the economy.
The Whitlam Labor government of 1972 to 1975 also escapes censure.
The economists from the IMF's fiscal affairs department found the only other years of profligate spending during the past six decades took place during the conservative government of Robert Menzies, in 1960. It says the Menzies government was notably prudent in 1950.
In the postwar years of 1947 to 1949, the Chifley Labor government was deemed prudent as were the Scullin and Lyons Labor and Coalition governments between 1931 and 1935.
John Curtin's Labor government was profligate in 1942.
The study finds that in broad terms Australia's government debt has been falling since 1932, when it peaked at 98 per cent of gross domestic product. Across all levels of government it is now just above 20 per cent after climbing since the global financial crisis.
The budget balance has been broadly stable for half a century.
The key finding is that Australia has few examples of economic recklessness compared to other developed nations. Canada's government debt peaked at 143 per cent of GDP in 1946, Japan's reached 233 per cent in 2011, Israel's reached 284 per cent in 1984. New Zealand recorded government debt of 226 per cent in 1933 and a budget deficit of 7.5 per cent of GDP in 1995.
Developed nations were generally their most prudent before the First World War and during the 1990s. They were generally least prudent during the mid-1970s and in some cases after the global financial crisis.
The IMF study mirrors findings in a 2008 Australian Treasury study that found real government spending grew faster in the final four years of the Howard government than in any four-year period since the 1990s recession.
The number of big-spending decisions worth more than $1 billion climbed from one in the first Howard budget to nine in the last. The proportion of savings measures fell from one-third of budget measures at the start of the Howard era to 1.5 per cent at the end.
Responding to the report, the shadow treasurer, Joe Hockey, said the Howard government left Labor with a $20 billion surplus and no net debt. "It was not John Howard and Peter Costello who wasted billions of taxpayer dollars on dangerous pink batts and overpriced school halls - it was this Labor government," he said.
Editor's note:
The IMF provided a disclaimer that the study did not necessarily represent the views of the IMF.


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Where we permit the reproduction of certain materials, the permissions we grant are clearly indicated. If no such permissions are indicated, then no copying is permitted.
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Arctic Armor In Ground Winter Pool Cover – 12yr. Warranty
Our mid-priced cover has all the strength and durability that will ensure years of protection. The tough cover material is UV protected to last for years in direct sunlight. Rugged polyethylene thread and anchoring loops are also UV protected to remain strong for years. The black underside of the cover retards algae growth. Our big 5-foot overlap keeps the cover on the pool instead of in the water. The cover is held secure on your pool with loops every 4ft to secure water bags and corner grommets allow for extra tie down in windy areas. This durable cover is backed by a 8-Year Warranty (1-YEAR FULL RATED), the cover is Green with a black underside.
Artic Armor Winter Pool Cover – 12 Year


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Episode One: Out of Eden
Diamond believes the blueprint for global inequality lies within the land itself, its crops and animals. [...] [He] realized that the development of successful and productive farming, starting nearly 12,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent, was the critical turning point in the origins of global inequality. From this point on, one group of people — the natives of Eurasia — would have a head start on the path to civilization.
Successful farming provides a food surplus, and allows some people to leave the farm behind and develop specialized skills — such as metal-working, writing, trade, politics, and war-making. Plus, the simple geography of the continent of Eurasia — one coherent landmass spread on an east-west axis, with universal latitudes and climates — allowed these technologies and ideas to spread beyond the Middle East with ease.
Episode Two: Conquest
So, when presented with a copy of the Bible on November 16th, 1532, Atahuallpa throws the alien object to the floor, prompting a furious and surprise attack from the conquistadors. The combined impact of mounted troops, gunpowder and sharpened steel lead to a massacre, and Atahuallpa is personally seized by Pizarro himself.
In a matter of hours, the Inca Empire lies in ruins. But the story of Eurasian triumph isn't over. [...] Native Americans fell victim to European germs — infections which they had never encountered before. And Diamond realizes that European diseases like smallpox were a fatal inheritance of thousands of years of mammal domestication — the lethal gift of livestock.
Episode Three: Into the Tropics
As the settlers traveled further north, life suddenly became a lot harder. The foundations of their success, their crops and animals, refused to grow. They were forced to barter for food from their neighbours. And they started to fall ill with a mysterious and terrifying fever. It was a complete reversal of the usual pattern of European conquest.
Jared realizes that, unlike elsewhere in the world — where Europeans had landed in a temperate zone and traveled from east to west, maintaining similar climates — here in Africa, Europeans landed in the south and migrated north, moving through latitude zones and experiencing radically different climates. [...] Temperate crops such as wheat simply can't survive in a tropical climate. Nor can European animals — plagued by the diseases which thrive in the Tropics.


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Parents-Help-Parents in Knocklyon
Look after each other's children. Find other parents on Babysits.
No babysitting jobs in your neighborhood?
Zoom out on the map to find more profiles.
Are you looking for another parent from Knocklyon who can occasionally babysit your children?
There are currently no parents in Knocklyon matching these search criteria.


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Single Plastic Needles - Red
Product Code: CC014PLR
Product Description
This type of needle packaging is an ideal tool and accessory for needlework kits. The clear cellophane wrapper protects the needle and indeed protects the fabric inside the kit. No more inserting loose needles into fabric ….
Kit assembly is made so much easier when using these.
They are available in bright attractive colours: Red, Royal Blue, Lime Green and Bright Pink.
This needle has a large eye and a blunt round point to protect small fingers whilst sewing.
Delivery Information
International Shipping available.
The name of John James is recognised by needle crafters around the globe and is renowned for quality and reliability. To satisfy this demand we offer worldwide delivery.
Final delivery price calculated at checkout
Next Working Day delivery to UK mainland destinations available.
- FREE Standard UK Delivery* on orders over £15.
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* to all UK mainland destinations only, excludes Next Day orders