text:
91 S.Ct. 1287
28 L.Ed.2d 582
Charles McDANIEL, Superintendent of Schools, et al., Petitioners,
Joseph BARRESI, Jr., et al.,
No. 420.
Argued Oct. 13, 1970.
Decided April 20, 1971.
The Board of Education of Clarke County, Ga. (with a two-to-one white-Negro elementary school system ratio), devised a student">student assignment plan for desegregating elementary schools which establishes geographic zones drawn to promote desegregation and also provides that pupils in heavily concentrated Negro 'pockets' walk or go by bus to schools in other attendance zones. The resulting Negro elementary enrollment ranges from 20% to 40% in all but two schools, where it is 50%. Respondent parents sued to enjoin the plan's operation. The state trial court denied an injunction. The Georgia Supreme Court reversed, holding that the plan violated (1) equal protection because it '(treated) students differently because of their race,' and (2) the Civil Rights Act of 1964, because Title IV prohibits a school board from requiring busing to achieve a racial balance. Held:
1. In compliance with its duty to convert to a unitary system, the school board properly took race into account in fixing the attendance lines. P. 41.
2. Title IV, a direction to federal officials, does not restrict state officials in assigning students within their systems. Pp. 41—42.
Barresi v. Browne, 226 Ga. 456, 175 S.E.2d 649, reversed.
Eugene A. Epting, Athens, for petitioners.
E. Freeman Leverett, Elberton, for respondents.
Mr. Chief Justice BURGER delivered the opinion of the Court.
We granted certiorari in this case to review a state court order enjoining the operation of a school desegregation plan. The action was brought in the Superior Court of Clarke County, Georgia, by parents of children attending public elementary schools in that county. Named as defendants were the Superintendent of Education and members of the Clarke County Board of Education. The trial court denied respondents' request for an injunction, but on appeal the Supreme Court of Georgia reversed, Barresi v. Browne, 226 Ga. 456, 175 S.E.2d 649 (1970). This Court then granted certiorari, 400 U.S. 804, 91 S.Ct. 10, 27 L.Ed.2d 35 (1970).
Beginning in 1963, the Clarke County Board of Education began a voluntary program to desegregate its public schools. The student">student-assignment plan presently at issue, involving only elementary schools, has been in effect since the start of the 1969 academic year. The plan, adopted by the Board of Education and approved by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,1 relies primarily upon geographic attendance zones drawn to achieve greater racial balance. Additionally, the pupils in five heavily Negro 'pockets' either walk or are transported by bus to schools located in other attendance zones.2 As a consequence the Negro enrollment of each elementary school in the system varies generally between 20% and 40%, although two schools have a 50% Negro enrollment. The white-Negro ratio of elementary pupils in the system is approximately two to one.
Respondents contend in this action that the board's desegregation plan violates the Fourteenth Amendment of the Federal Constitution and Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Supreme Court of Georgia upheld both contentions, concluding first that the plan violated the Equal Protection Clause 'by treating students differently because of their race.' The court concluded also that Title IV prohibited the board from 'requiring the transportation of pupils or students from one school to another * * * in order to achieve such racial balance * * *.' We reject these contentions.
The Clarke County Board of Education, as part of its affirmative duty to disestablish the dual school system, properly took into account the race of its elementary school children in drawing attendance lines. To have done otherwise would have severely hampered the board's ability to deal effectively with the task at hand. School boards that operated dual school systems are 'clearly charged with the affirmative duty to take whatever steps might be necessary to convert to a unitary system in which racial discrimination would be eliminated root and branch.' Green v. County School Board, 391 U.S. 430, 437—438, 88 S.Ct. 1689, 1694, 20 L.Ed.2d 716 (1968). In this remedial process, steps will almost invariably require that students be assigned 'differently because of their race.' See Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, No. 281, 402 U.S. 1, 91 S.Ct. 1267, 28 L.Ed.2d 554; Youngblood v. Board of Public Instruction, 430 F.2d 625, 630 (CA5 1970). Any other approach would freeze the status quo that is the very target of all desegregation processes.
Nor is the board's plan barred by Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The sections relied upon by respondents (42 U.S.C. §§ 2000c(b), 2000c—6) are directed only at federal officials and are designed simply to foreclose any interpretation of the Act as expanding the powers of federal officials to enforce the Equal Protection Clause. Swann, supra, 402 U.S., at 17, 91 S.Ct., at 1276. Title IV clearly does not restrict state school authorities in the exercise of their discretionary powers to assign students within their school systems.
It may well be that the Board of Education adopted the present student">student-assignment plan because of urgings of federal officials and fear of losing federal financial assistance. The state trial court, however, made no findings on these matters. No federal officials are parties in this case.
Where the distance between the student">student's residence and his assigned school is more than 1 1/2 miles, free transportation is provided. There is no challenge here to the feasibility of the transportation provisions of the plan. The annual transportation expenses of the present plan are reported in the record to be $11,070 less than the school system spent on transportation during the 1968—1969 school year under dual operation.


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Casey Anthony's mom, ex-boyfriend testify
ORLANDO, Fla. (AP) - The mother of a Florida woman accused of killing her 2-year-old daughter gave a tour of the family home, including a playhouse built for the toddler and the above-ground pool the defense team claims the girl drowned in.
Cindy Anthony testified Saturday at her daughter's murder trial that she and Caylee went swimming on June 15, 2008 - the last day she saw her granddaughter. She said she removed a ladder used to help Caylee get into the pool - something she did every time the pool wasn't being used.
Casey Anthony, who is charged with first-degree murder in the toddler's summer 2008 death, wiped away tears with a tissue during her mother's testimony. Prosecutors contend Casey Anthony suffocated the girl with duct tape. If convicted, she could be sentenced to death.
Cindy Anthony was not asked directly Saturday whether she thought the young girl drowned. The trial will resume Tuesday in Orlando.
Through most of her testimony, a photo of young Caylee remained on display on television monitors along the courtroom, where evidence is displayed for the jury, media and spectators. Anthony eventually interrupted her questioning, asking prosecutors to remove the photo.
"I can't look at my granddaughter without getting upset," she said.
Casey Anthony's former boyfriend, Anthony Lazzaro, also testified Saturday about the hours after the Anthonys reported Caylee's disappearance to authorities. He described a text message exchange in which he was trying to get Casey Anthony to reveal where the toddler was.
"If they don't find her guess who gets blamed and spends eternity in jail?" the text message read.
Prosecutors presented their strongest witness Friday after a judge rebuffed their attempts to allow instant messages to be introduced as evidence that they say go toward Anthony's motive.
The manager of a towing yard where the defendant's car was kept for more than two weeks during that summer testified that he smelled an odor coming from her car consistent with decomposing bodies he'd smelled in the past. The defense argued in its opening statement that the smell was actually from a bag of trash Anthony left in her car.
Casey's father, George Anthony, testified for the third time in four days Friday and said his mind was racing when he arrived to pick up the car and observed the smell.
"That particular smell, whenever you smell it, is something you'll never forget," he said. "... I don't know if I said it out loud or whispered, but I said 'Please God, don't let this be Casey or Caylee."'
The defense has argued that George Anthony found Caylee drowned in the family pool and helped dispose of the body.

subset: commoncrawl


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Is there a tournament that is comparable to the Super Bowl, World Series, Stanley Cup Playoffs, FIFA World Cup, Daytona 500, etc.? Or does LoL not have seasons in the traditional sense of other sports. I ask this because it says that the game is in Season 2 so I'm curious.
Is there an all-defining championship for LoL?


text:
Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) Space Mission
Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) is a NASA space mission to study the Sun and Coronal Mass Ejections (CME).
STEREO was launched in October 2006. The mission involves two identical spacecraft. After launch, the two spacecraft flew by the Moon on slightly different paths. The Moon's gravity redirected the spacecraft; one was flung forward along Earth's orbit around the Sun, while the other was steered backward along Earth's orbit.
The separated spacecraft have different views of the Sun. By combining simultaneous views from both spacecraft, scientists can create 3D stereoscopic images of the Sun and of the huge "solar storms" that sometimes blast outward from it.


text:
CHICAGO — The nation's most influential pediatrician's group has endorsed same-sex marriage, saying a stable relationship between parents regardless of sexual orientation contributes to a child's health and well-being.
The American Academy of Pediatrics' new policy, published online Thursday, cites research showing that the parents' sexual orientation has no effect on a child's development. Kids fare just as well in gay or straight families when they are nurturing and financially and emotionally stable, the academy says.
The academy believes that a two-parent marriage is best equipped to provide that kind of environment. Their policy says that if a child has two gay parents who choose to marry, "it is in the best interests of their children that legal and social institutions allow and support them to do so."
The policy cites reports indicating that almost 2 million U.S. children are being raised by gay parents, many of them in states that do not allow gays to marry.
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The academy announced its position Thursday. Officials with the group said they wanted to make the academy's views known before two gay marriage cases are considered by the U.S. Supreme Court next week.
"We wanted that policy statement available for the justices to review," said Dr. Thomas McInerney, the academy's president and a pediatrician in Rochester, N.Y.
The pediatricians' stance is not surprising. They previously joined other national groups including the American Medical Association in supporting one of the Supreme Court cases, which contends the Defense of Marriage Act is unconstitutional. The academy also previously supported adoption by gay parents.
The academy's statement notes that several other national health groups have supported gay marriage. Those are the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Psychiatric Association, the American Psychological Association and the American College of Nursing.
Dr. Ben Siegel, a Boston pediatrician and chairman of an academy committee that developed the new policy, said its focus is on "nurturing children. We want what's best for children."
This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


text:
You're feeling it, we're feeling it: there appears to be a veritable drought of first-party Nintendo titles this spring. None, to be exact.
Sure, Nintendo launched a brand new console a mere two weeks ago. But one can't help but gape at what is most certainly the largest scarcity of titles to come – or more accurately, not come – from the company in a long while.
Curiosity compelled us to take a look at all of the cartridge-based and disk-based titles Nintendo has launched over the past 10 years to see if there isn't some sort of pattern or precedent.
Look at all of the titles that Nintendo published since January, 2001. Click image to enlarge.
More dramatically, compare the above data to only those titles that Nintendo developed in the same time period. Click image to enlarge.
What can we take away from Nintendo's historic release cycle?
• Publishing for the DS exceeds that of the Wii both in terms of quantity and consistency. Nintendo leveraged an enormous amount of support upon the DS – support which we expect to see extended to the 3DS in the months to come. It's no surprise, but Nintendo has been pampering all you portable gamers, because you've helped make them rich.
• Since the launch of the Wii, Nintendo has been releasing first-party titles for the Wii and the DS in alternating waves. Whereas in the past we observed simultaneous releases across both portable and home consoles, it's becoming the company's habit to unveil titles for one platform at a time.
• All this has happened before. The spring of 2002 was the longest Nintendo game drought on record, and has a number of characteristics in common with the season we're entering now.
Nintendo has launched a major piece of technology (the 3DS) and is initiating the gradual retirement of a console with a large and reliable installed base.
While we entered into this data mining project with the presumption that we could recognise a pattern that presaged a new console release – the Wii 2, obviously – the last time there was a Nintendo game drought this pronounced was after the release of the Gamecube. Still, you can neatly overlay the release history of the Gamecube overtop the current release history of the Wii – they match that closely.
If anything, a drought at this point in the (terribly successful) Wii lineup might mean nothing – but smart's money on a bunch of first-party Nintendo developers hard at work on launch titles for Wii 2.


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Adjunct Professor, Arabic
- Employer
- Collin College
- Location
- Plano Campus
View more
- Faculty Jobs
- Arts & Humanities, Foreign Languages & Literature
- Position Type
- Adjunct
- Employment Type
- Full Time
- Institution Type
- Four-Year Institution
Job Details
Primary Location:
2800 E. Spring Creek Parkway, Plano, Texas, 75074We are searching for candidates that meet the required qualifications and experience and are able to perform the essential duties and responsibilities.
Essential Duties and Responsibilities:
Responsible to prepare and deliver coursework in engaging, innovative, and discipline-appropriate ways that reflect a commitment to the college's Core Values, an understanding of culturally responsive teaching, and knowledge of the teaching field. Meet professional standards for faculty in accordance with college policies and procedures.Required Qualifications:
Essential Duties and Responsibilities
- Teach courses in accordance with the schedule of classes and follow the approved course descriptions and syllabi established by the Division faculty and administered by the Associate Dean/Director.
- Teaching assignments may be on one or more of the college's campuses or off-site locations and may include evening and weekend programs. Collin College is not hiring for on-line instruction at this time.
- May include Dual Credit courses.
Supplemental Functions
- Perform other duties as assigned.
- Perform all duties and maintain all standards in accordance with college policies, procedures and Core Values.
Physical Demands, Working Conditions and Physical Effort
Sedentary Work - Exerting up to 10 pounds of force occasionally, a negligible amount of force frequently, and/or constantly having to lift, carry, push, pull or otherwise move objects, including the human body. Sedentary work involves sitting most of the time. Jobs are sedentary if walking and standing are required only occasionally and all other sedentary criteria are met. Positions in this class typically include talking, hearing, seeing, grasping, standing, walking and repetitive motions, plus stooping, kneeling, crouching, and reaching. Relatively free from unpleasant environmental conditions or hazards. Office environment. Little physical effort required.
Master's degree from a regionally accredited institution. Academic preparation in teaching field to include eighteen (18) graduate semester hours in the discipline to be taught.
Teaching experience is desired.
**This position is Security Sensitive, therefore, candidates will be subject to a criminal background check.**
The above description is an overview of the job. It is not intended to be an all-inclusive list of duties and responsibilities of the job as duties and responsibilities may change with business needs. Collin College reserves the right to add, change, amend, or delete portions of this job description at any time, with or without notice. Reasonable accommodations may be made by Collin College in its discretion to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
Required & Preferred Qualifications (if applicable):
The intent of this job description is to provide a representative summary of the types of duties and responsibilities that will be required of the positions given this title and shall not be construed as a declaration of the specific duties and responsibilities of any particular position. Employees may be requested to perform job-related tasks other than those specifically presented in this description. Fair Labor Standards Act (exempt/non-exempt) is designated by position. The employer actively supports Americans with Disabilities Act and will consider reasonable accommodations.***This is a Security Sensitive position. Therefore candidates will be subject to a criminal background check.***
Employment Type:
Part timeCompensation:
For any employment questions, please contact HR at (972) 985-3783 or send an email to: firstname.lastname@example.com
Collin College is an Equal Opportunity Employer and does not discriminate on the basis of any characteristic protected by applicable law.
Dear Job Seekers,
Thank you for your interest in a position at Collin College!
For the third year in a row, Collin College was named one of the nation's best colleges to work for, based on survey results from the Great Colleges to Work For® program. Over the years, Collin College has been recognized as an Honor Roll Institution with high ratings across 10 categories: collaborative governance; professional/career development programs; teaching environment; compensation and benefits; facilities, workspace and security; job satisfaction; work/life balance; confidence in senior leadership; supervisor/department chair relationships; and respect and appreciation.
When the college last participated, Collin was recognized by the National Association for Business Resources (NABR) as one of Dallas Fort Worth's Best and Brightest Companies to Work For® for the fourth year in a row. The Best and Brightest Companies to Work For® competition identifies and honors organizations that display a commitment to excellence in their human resource practices and employee enrichment. Organizations are assessed based on communication, work-life balance, employee education, diversity, recognition, retention and more.
- Telephone
- 9729853783
- Location
3452 Spur 399, Room 339
United States
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text:
Beef's Environmental Sustainability Considerably Improved
Advances in productivity over the past 30 years have reduced the carbon footprint and overall environmental impact of U.S. beef production, according to a new study presented by a Washington State University researcher.
July 15, 2010
Advances in productivity over the past 30 years have reduced the carbon footprint and overall environmental impact of U.S. beef production, according to a new study presented by a Washington State University researcher. In "Comparing the environmental impact of the US beef industry in 1977 to 2007," Jude L. Capper, assistant professor of animal science, says improvements in nutrition, management, growth rate and slaughter weights have significantly reduced the environmental impact of modern beef production and improved its sustainability.
"These findings challenge the common misconception that historical methods of livestock production are more environmentally sustainable than modern beef production," Capper says.
"It's important to note that all food production has an environmental impact, but significant improvements in efficiency have clearly reduced the greenhouse gas emissions and overall environmental impact of beef production," Capper says. "Contrary to the negative image often associated with modern farming, fulfilling the U.S. population's requirement for high-quality, nutrient-rich protein while improving environmental stewardship can only be achieved by using contemporary agricultural technologies and practices."
In 2007, there were 13% fewer animals slaughtered than in 1977 (33.8 million vs. 38.7 million), but those animals produced 13% more beef (26.3 billion lbs. of beef vs. 23.3 billion lbs. in 1977). By producing more beef with fewer resources, Capper found the total carbon footprint for beef production was reduced by 18% from 1977 to 2007.
"As the global and national population increases, consumer demand for beef is going to continue to increase," Capper says. "The vital role of improved productivity and efficiency in reducing environmental impact must be conveyed to government, food retailers and consumers."
When compared to beef production in 1977, each 1 lb. of beef produced in modern systems used:
10% less feed energy.
20% less feedstuffs.
30% less land.
14% less water.
9% less fossil fuel energy.
18% decrease in total carbon emissions (methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide).
The study used a whole-system environmental model that integrated all resource inputs and waste outputs within the beef production system, from crop production to beef arriving at the slaughterhouse.
The checkoff-sponsored project was supported through a research grant from state beef councils in Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota and Washington.
-- Washington State University release
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