text:
Methotrexate interferes with the growth of certain cells of the body and used to treat certain types of cancer.
Active Ingredient: methotrexate
Availability: In Stock (70 packages)
Methotrexate, 2.5mg
Methotrexate interferes with the growth of certain cells of the body, especially cells that reproduce quickly, such as cancer cells, bone marrow cells, and skin cells. The drug is used to treat certain types of cancer of the breast, skin, head and neck, or lung. It is also used to treat severe psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Take Methotrexate exactly as it was prescribed for you. Use with the glass of water, with or without meal. Avoid chewing and crushing it. Methotrexate is usually taken once 7.5 mg per week or 2.5 mg each twelve hours three times also once a week. For cancer cure the dosage must be individual.
Be careful using the drug if you have hydroperitoneum, dehydration, problems with digestive tract and kidneys, signs of infections, herpes zoster, chickenpox, an allergic reaction, podagra, stomach ulcers, sickness, retching. Use birth control to prevent pregnancy while you are using Methotrexate, whether you are a man or a woman. Avoid exposure to sunlight.
Do not use this medication if you are allergic to Methotrexate. Do not use Methotrexate to treat psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis if you have liver and kidney disease or a bone marrow disorder. Avoid using the drug if you have a blood cell disorder or if you are breast-feeding a baby.
Possible side effect
The medicine can cause the side effects but not usual. Sometimes it can be leukopenia, problems with belly, liver, kidney, lung and bone marrow disorder, nausea, vomiting, tired feeling, headache, allergy, rash and hair loss.
Drug interaction
Before taking Methotrexate, tell your doctor if you are using any of the others drugs, particularly ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, indomethacin, azathioprine, anti-podagra drugs, chloramphenicol, hydroxychloroquine, isotretinoin, steroids, sulfa drugs, probenecid, tetracycline, anti-diabetes drugs or a penicillin antibiotics.
Missed dose
Inform your doctor if you miss a dose of Methotrexate.
Call emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Overdose symptoms may include sickness, retching, haemorrhage, asthenia, anuria or coughing up blood.
Store your medicines at room temperature between between 15-30 C (59-86 F). Store away from moisture and light. Keep it out of the reach of children and away from pets.
The information presented at the site has a general character. Note please this information cannot be used for self-treatment and self diagnosis. You should consult with your doctor or health care adviser regarding any specific instructions of your condition. The information is reliable, but we concede it could contain mistakes. We are not responsible for any direct, indirect, special or other damage caused by use of this information on the site and also for consequences of self-treatment.
Packaging info
This is how your parcel will look like, the images are photographs of real shipments.
It has the size of a normal protected envelope and it does not disclose its contents.


text:
The father of the high school freshman suspected of shooting and killing a classmate and injuring a teacher before killing himself is speaking out.
KPTV reports Michael Padgett wrote a letter on his and his ex-wife's behalf, apologizing to the family of Emilio Hoffman, who died when police say Jared Padgett shot and killed in a locker room at Reynolds High School in Oregon Tuesday.
According to The Oregonian, KPTV was the first news outlet in Portland to get the hand-delivered written statement Friday, but by Saturday other outlets had gotten the same statement.
In the statement, Padgett also said he couldn't believe what his son was accused of doing — using phrases like "horrified and distraught" and "deeply confused and shocked." (Via KOIN)
Padgett also says his family has never condoned violence. A family friend of nearly 30 years told KGW-TV he and so many others saw no warning signs from Jared before the shooting.
Police say the suspected shooter got the guns used in Tuesday's shooting from his family's house.
Those guns were locked up, but a Oregon senator Ginny Burdick told KATU Michael Padgett should be held criminally responsible for the shooting since she claims he didn't properly lock up his guns.
"To have those in your house entails a lot of responsibility for keeping them from falling into the wrong hands. And in that case, the guns ended up at school."
KATU reports the senator wants state lawmakers to pass legislation that would hold gun owners criminally responsible if a child gets access to their firearms. As for this week's shooting, a public funeral service for Emilio Hoffman is scheduled for next Sunday.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
38 thoughts on "Beginner Concepts: Analog Circuits"
Unless you want to learn particle physics you have to learn electrical engineering by abstract functions.
You don't need to though unless you want to do computer engineering or something. You can make FPGAs and SBCs just knowing characteristics of passive components. You can get brain fry off particle physics.
What are you on about? Neither this article or the instructable had anything to do with what you just said :P. -
You are every thing that is wrong with the community .
Thanks for posting this H.A.D. We need more analog circuit explanation here, and if any of you out there think this can/should be done with a mC, you are missing the point. Designing an elegant solution using cheap components is the essence of Electrical Engineering. This are concepts every hobbyist should be reading up on.
oh jeez I thought this would just pop up on a weekend round up
You kids today with your digital this and programmable that – this article is REAL electronics – nice to see again every once in a while.
Somebody's mad because he doesn't like programing.
Coming soon – flashing an LED with vacuum tubes wired point-to-point. Actually, that would be really cool! Don't knock analog, man.
Nice to see something I can give a go without having to buy components or mould something out of plastic. Thanks for sharing.
I'm everything that is wrong with this community. I'm an analog computer and POV circuit away from greatness xD
oh wait I forgot I was doing that stuff in grade school 20 years ago and winning grants..
lecture someone who wasn't here before nerd was cool..
Might I recommend The Art of Electronics by Horowitz and Hill for this sort of stuff…
That's the real reason I got interested in electronics, to learn how things work at the lowest level available while still being able to play with at home. I agree this is the real electronics, I started three months ago with microcontrollers and haven't seen many things I didn't hear of before at my CS studies, so I jumped right into uC programming with ease, but I have problems understanding anything more complicated than 555-based negative voltage generator.
MOAR articles like this!
"oh wait I forgot I was doing that stuff in grade school 20 years ago and winning grants.."
good for you we are all really happy for you, since your so awesome
I would like to add another 2 cents, this "project" is a result of me walking in the door, noticing that there was a LED contest on instructables, pounding 7 beers and then spending 20 minuets on the bench at like 9pm (and most of that was cleaning off the breadboard)
so please dont think that this is the greatest achievement of my life, I only posted it cause its dead easy, and can be made by anyone with some junk laying around (which is a good thing for an instructables contest)and it seems to be a semi common question
If it inspires someone to sit down and fiddle fart at the electronics bench, great! that was the point, at least someone will learn something about some basic electronics, and hopefully will have fun doing so
I really love analog electronics. I actually get kinda annoyed whenever someone uses a microcontroller for something extremely simple that could be done with a few minor analog components. I strongly believe everyone should learn analog before using digital electronics.
I agree with that
Yeah i agree…..anyway nice post though…
I'm not really sure about this but, the emisor of T2 shouldn't be connected to ground in the schematic?
And the collector connected to the positive lead of C1. -
exercise to the reader flip T2 right way around and figure out why it no longer works
all i can say is look at that thumbnail! he should stop biting his nails.
i hate to throw this out there when i haven't tested it, but T2 bother me as well… shouldn't that be a PNP? that would work, i think.
Osgeld you have confused me… :P
T2 is in reverse-active mode. I do believe that Osgeld is using it as a current source. You'd need to make R3 a lot bigger to keep this circuit working with T2 in active mode.
Doesn't it work as good without T2?
"oh wait I forgot I was doing that stuff in grade school 20 years ago and winning grants.."
Whoopee doo for you; I built my first radio about 30 years ago and I'm still in my mid 30s, I didn't even use a soldering iron, the kid's book that had the plans in showed you how to do it by screwing the components onto a piece of softwood with brass screws and caps.
Not quite valves, but better than a total black box which is all non-discrete circuits ever are. I know which way I'd rather learn and it isn't by simply taking abstract concepts for granted.
Im trying to get my head around analogue and digital circuits from non microcontroler components so Im glad to see something like this on Hackaday.
How often have you spent loads of mc resources trying to do something that could be done by a few discrete components.
When you could have used the mc cycles on the job in hand and had a simple secondary circuit attached to the mc to, for example flash an led or produce a warning sound.Sounds like the circuit wasnt perfect but it gets people playing and finding out how it works or how it should work :)
I graduated in Computer engineering but analog circuitry was one thing I never got really taught. The professor that taught Electronics 1 screwed us all over by ONLY showing the theory and none of the practicality of the elements. Could Hack-A-Day do an analog tutorial series over at Answers.H-A-D with a large number of links to projects doing small parts?
Oh and @osgeld, this wasnt just a link in a roundup because it is really informative to how things can get done without needing many complex pieces.
I am very surprised Osgeld drew the second transistor incorrectly in his schematic. He is so critical of other HAD posts and yet he misses something incredibly simple like this in his own circuit… Maybe from now on he will be less critical of other peoples' simple mistakes?
in any case if you're going to insult people at least know what you're talking about..and don't be bitter when you find out you're in over your head ^_^
I agree Art of Electronics is an awesome reference.
hmmm… surely analog circuits is art for me. I'm still a little bit confused about T2, and well I kinda understand what Jen said. Yes, it could be used as a current source, but I can't relate that explanation with the one on instructables.
I just can't understand how began to discharge C1 if is reverse-biased, maybe just through the reverse leaks?Well I'll say it again, analog circuits is art XD, not that some uC's projects aren't art though. I loved the micro mini video player with 8bit avr uC, and even some of those art projects with arduinos.
"This 'project' is a result of me walking in the door, noticing that there was a LED contest on instructables, pounding 7 beers and then spending 20 minuets on the bench at like 9pm (and most of that was cleaning off the breadboard)."
Osgeld, you are my hero. Here, I thought getting drunk and working on electronics was socially unacceptable. You just made it sound cool.
Thanks for the analog post.
ok lots of catch up to play
"all i can say is look at that thumbnail! he should stop biting his nails."
yes I bite my nails, a lot
"Doesn't it work as good without T2?"
not really, the only path the cap has to discharge without T2 is through the led, which causes it to glow a very long time
"I am very surprised Osgeld drew the second transistor incorrectly in his schematic."
its that way by design so thank you for that
"T2 bother me as well… shouldn't that be a PNP?"
it could be but then I would have to use 2 different types, try it out let us know
"maybe just through the reverse leaks?"
we have a winner!
"Thanks for the analog post."
your welcome
The problem, Reizake, is that it's not reverse-biased, it's just upside-down. An NPN transistor is intrinsically a symmetric device, even if the doping is highly asymmetric. Putting the "collector" down makes it behave like the emitter, while the "emitter" behaves like the collector.
There's some problems with that, though. Due to the highly asymmetric doping, the hFE is going to be a lot smaller in reverse-active mode. For a 2222, it'll be something like 300 in forward mode, and usually 3 or so in reverse-active. The other problem is that you have to hold the emitter reverse-biased to make this happen. This is fine with a 5V supply, but if you raise it above 7V or so, the transistor will enter EBJ breakdown – and unlike the CBJ, if you break down the EBJ, you start to damage the transistor, lowering its beta over time.
T2 is held biased in the reverse-active mode by R3, either pulling from the rail when the switch is closed or from the capacitor through R1 when it is open. T2 will then pull reverse-beta times the current in its base from its emitter. If you flip T2 around, the beta becomes a lot higher, and it'll pull too hard to allow C1 to charge at all.
Thanks for that, I didn't know that the reverse leaks are big enough to discharge that fast a capacitor. Then, I suppose you choose a transistor for that task because you can control whether helps to charge or discharge the C…
Hmmm you really could have explained that in the instructables XD.
Cool little thing btw.
Wow Jen, that's completely new for me! That's something I didn't learn in school for sure.
Thanks a lot.It should be one "Why this works?" category in HaD XD. With those obscure and rarely taught electronics.
This is a good primer project.
I remember learning this stuff at about 8 years old from one of those 100-something-in-one electronic lab kits, and this is a great little excerpt from the past.
Yay real stuff. Go Osgeld! Nice to see this stuff on here :)
Yay for analog! It is my love and I too am glad to see some focus on it at HAD.
Careful with selection of T2. Some transistors work like oscillators when collector and emitter are mixed up. In reverse active mode hfe is usually 10 to 12 times lower and Vcesat could be as low as 50mV.
Happy hacking analog.
For anyone who's still in school and is interested in what Jen is talking about, take a class related to the principles of semiconductors, and how they work. It's a difficult (but awesome) subject, with a good prof you will probably learn more useful information in that class than you will in almost any other class. I would also recommend taking a VLSI class if you have the chance!
somebody's upset they failed engineering school… maybe should of laid off the drugs? All that particle physics sure didn't hurt me :)
Leave a Reply
Please be kind and respectful to help make the comments section excellent. (Comment Policy)


text:
We use cookies to make your experience better. To comply with the new e-Privacy directive, we need to ask for your consent to set the cookies. Learn more.
Concrete Unisex Small Triangle Stud Earrings
The Concrete Unisex Small Triangle Stud Earrings by AnjaCapuzzimati.
Lightweight silver grey or black small triangle concrete unisex stud earrings with high quality anti allergy stainless steel ear posts. Concrete is sometimes perceived as robust but these pieces are delicate yet strong. The studs are approx. 8mm in diameter. No two items are exactly alike and there will be slight variations in colour and even size. These unique handmade earrings are packaged in environmentally friendly branded black kraft box.
Concrete collection is inspired by the designer's architectural background and her fascination with concrete as a versatile material.
About The Designer:
With a passion for ethical and elegant design, Anja Capuzzimati creates minimalist concrete, stainless steel and clay jewellery. Her designs are heavily influenced by her architectural background, nature and geometric shapes. Anja's ethos stands her apart from her mainstream competitors, as she strives to create jewellery that reflects her personality and creativity. She believes in responsible design and only uses recycled packaging and materials.
To find out more about the designer, please visit AnjaCapuzzimati.
Dimensions | 5mm |
Earring Type | Studs |
Material | Concrete |
Other materials | Stainless Steel |
Colour | Black |
Finish | Sanded |
Days To Make | 5 |
Price | £20.00 |
Weight (grams) | 4.000000 |
Click here to read our returns policy and our returns process.
Your order will be shipped direct from the designer to your door. Shipping options and prices vary between designers and will be displayed at checkout.
Returns are not accepted for any bespoke, personalised or commissioned designs.
14 Day Returns
If you are not 100% happy with your purchase please request a return from your account or by contacting our customer service team. You must notify us of the return within 14 days of receiving your order.
Import taxes, customs duties
When a package is shipped internationally, it may be subject to import taxes, customs duties, and/or fees imposed by the destination country. These charges will typically be due once the shipped goods arrive at the country of destination. The purchaser is responsible for ensuring to comply with laws and regulations of the country of destination. JewelStreet does not have any responsibility on these additional charges that may apply.
Support Independent Designers and Artists
By shopping on JewelStreet, you're not only getting a great handmade product - you're helping a small creative business to keep doing what they love.
Quality Craftsmanship
We only source high-quality products that are handcrafted by expert independent designers and are made to stand the test of time.
Unique Designs You Won't Find Anywhere Else
Discover unique pieces that no one else will own – the perfect finishing touch to your outfit, home or a special gift that will leave your loved ones delighted.
We Care
JewelStreet offers excellent customer service with the personal touch, there are no robots or automated answering services here! Whether you email us or give us a ring, you'll get through to one of our friendly team members who will be delighted to help you.
Straightforward Safe Shopping
Safely order direct to your door from designers worldwide. JewelStreet holds your payment throughout the order process so you are fully protected until your purchase reaches your door.


text:
A False Mirror
Available: 0
copies bought in the last week
Unhealed scars of the Great War still torment Scotland Yard Inspector Ian Rutledge. A haunted, damaged shell of a man, he has been sent to the small coastal town of Hampton Regis to solve a violent crime and to confront his own tragic past.
An officer who served with Rutledge in the trenches of France before being sent back to England under suspicious circumstances has now been accused of savagely beating the husband of the woman he still loves. The suspect has taken the wife hostage, threatening to kill her and her maid unless Rutledge takes charge of the investigation. Although the case painfully mirrors Rutledge's own past and the love he lost to another man, he cannot refuse it. When the unconscious brutalized victim vanishes without a trace, it's clear that this peaceful little town hides a vicious murderer and secrets powerful enough to kill for.
Published Date: June 5, 2012
Publisher: Harper Collins
Language: English
Page Count: 378
Size: 8.03" l x 5.26" w x 1.04" h
Mystery & Detective


text:
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (Feb. 23) - The Florida A&M Women's Basketball team picked up their 10th win of the season as the Lady Rattlers defeated Savannah State, 67-59, here Saturday afternoon at the Al Lawson Center.
FAMU jumped out to a 12-6 lead on a Kimberly Sparkman three pointer with 16:13 to go in the first.
SSU took the lead on a Blessing Uba free throw with 14:20 left in the half, giving the Lady Tigers a 13-12 lead, capping a 7-0 run by the Lady Tigers.
The Lady Rattlers would answer with a 12-5 run, taking a 24-17 lead on a Keturah Martin jumper with 10:06 to go in the game.
SSU closed the out the half with a 19-10 run as they took a 34-32 lead on an Erin Hogue layup with 1:33 to in the first.
FAMU would tie the game at 34-34 with 12 seconds left in the half on a Sparkman layup.
The Lady Rattlers finished the first half shooting 32.5 percent (13-of-40) from the field, while the Lady Tigers shot 51.9 percent (14-of-27)
In the second half, Grice would tie the game for the third time in the half on a layup with 10:42 to go.
FAMU would then take a 57-47 lead on a Grice jumper with 7:54 to go in the game, capping a 10-0 run by the Lady Rattlers.
Jasmine Norman would cut the Lady Rattlers' lead to 63-59 with 2:01 to go in the game.
FAMU closed out the game as they scored the final four points of the half, as the Lady Rattlers pulled away for the 67-59 win.
The Lady Rattlers finished the game shooting 34.2 percent (25-of-73), whereas the Lady Tigers shot 43.4 percent (23-of-53). SSU held the rebounding advantage over FAMU, 43-40.
FAMU had a trio of Lady Rattlers to score in double figures as Grice scored a game high 24 points, followed by Patrice Collie with 15 and Sparkman with 13. Jamie Foreman led FAMU on the boards with 10; while Adreya Lacy dished a team high five assists.
SSU had a quartet to score in double figures as both Andrietta Thomas and Uba finished with 14 points each, while both Hogue and Norman finished with 12 points each. Hogue led the Lady Tigers on the boards with nine, while Jazmin Thomas dished out four assists.
The Lady Rattlers increased their record to 7-5 in Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference play and 10-15 overall, while the Lady Tigers lowers their record to 2-10 in conference play and 7-18 overall.
FAMU will close out their 2012-2013 home season as they will host South Carolina State on senior night on Monday, Feb. 25 at the Al Lawson Center in a 5:30 p.m. start.


text:
aNewDomain — "A shining city on a hill," Ronald Reagan called America (by way of the Puritan authoritarian John Winthrop).
"We are great because we are good," Hillary Clinton said during the campaign (via Tocqueville).
Michelle Obama, earlier this year: "This right now is the greatest country on Earth."
You may have heard of "mansplaining," which is when a dude patronizingly explains something to a woman, often concerning a subject about which she knows more than he does (c.f., rape culture, workplace discrimination, etc.).
Other spin-off portmanteaus mocking pompous people of privilege include whitesplaining (white person explains racism to black person), straightsplaining, Millennialsplaining, and even (during the primaries) Bernie-splaining.
May the victory of Donald Trump mark the long overdue death of Ameri-splaining — when American leaders like Clinton and Obama (and not a few ordinary citizens) pretentiously declaim our nation's supposed exceptionalism to people in countries that do a better job than we do.
First and foremost, I'd like to thank Trump for his campaign slogan: Make America Great Again. Granted, he wasn't talking to blacks and other oppressed segments of society for whom the past is more about pain than nostalgia. Trump's campaign was aimed at whites. Nevertheless, Trump deserves credit for acknowledging that — at least at this time — America is not so great. "A Third World country," he calls us. Keep reading and you'll see that he has a point.
The first step is acknowledging that you have a problem.
Problems? Where to start?
Our economic structure sucks. We're the world's richest nation. But because we also have the most horrendous wealth inequality, most Americans are poor. According to the UN, our poverty rate is worse than 17 of the 19 OECD countries. We have the highest rate of childhood poverty. But the rich pigs in charge don't care. Which is why we have the worst social safety net.
Maybe we should stop letting people die of cancer because they're poor before Ameri-splaining human rights to Iran, where free RouhaniCare for everyone (!) rolls out in 2018. Similarly, we might want to stop executing children before telling the Iranians they're wrong to do the same thing.
Our infrastructure is outdated and poorly maintained. It would take an additional $3.6 trillion to bring our existing highways, bridges, dams, sewers, water pipes, rail and so on up to code — yet spending on repairs is at a 30-year low. That doesn't count the $500 billion or more it would cost to build a high-speed rail system like they have in Europe and Japan — you know, modern countries.
Rather than harassing China over their ridiculous little fake islands, perhaps U.S. officials could invite the brilliant civil engineers creating a high-speed train system to Tibet, complete with pressurization like a plane as it soars through and around some of the biggest mountains on the planet, to show us how to bring our trains into the 21st century.
What is with us? Why do we talk down to the rest of the world from the depths of the lowest swamp below the moral high ground? At his penultimate State of the Union address, President Obama Ameri-splained to Russia's Vladimir Putin over his "aggressive" annexation of Crimea. At the time, the U.S. was in its 14th year of occupying Afghanistan and its 12th of occupying Iraq. It was bombing the crap out of Yemen. Obama's death drones were killing thousands of people, most of whom he thought were innocent.
When you stop to imagine what we look like to the rest of the world, we're lucky we got away with just one wee 9/11.
Will Ameri-splaining continue under Trump? You'd think not, but since he's already swiveled 180 degrees on so many other issues, he easily could revert to Bush-Obama-style triumphalism from his current, refreshing pessimism. The difference now is, no one — not even here in America where no one reads anything — can possibly take the U.S. government seriously when it scolds some country for, say, torturing people.
Whereas Obama condescendingly tells his successor that torture doesn't work (but not that it's immoral, or that he still allows the CIA to use it), Trump has said of waterboarding "I like it a lot."
The United States has always been corrupt, savage and brutal. It has always been wildly dysfunctional and hypocritical. But now, thanks to a president-elect who is loudly ignorant and utterly devoid of impulse control, the mask is off. The horrible truth about the United States can no longer be denied.
Trump epitomizes truth in advertising. We're a nasty, crappy country.
So President Trump ought to suit us fine.
For aNewDomain, I'm Ted Rall.
Cover image: BillTammeus.typepad.com, All Rights Reserved.


text:
top of page
Sun's Out, Fun's Out!
Exotic bounce houses & bubble ball rentals ◦ Serving Pleasant Prairie, Wisconsin and beyond!
At Blue Sky Inflatables, we offer high quality inflatables at reasonable rental prices. With our selection of moonwalks, bounce houses, inflatables water slides, obstacle courses, bubble balls and more, there is sure to be something to make your event fun! Check out our collection and send us a rental request to reserve it for your date! Free delivery to Racine, Kenosha, Pleasant Prairie, Bristol, Caledonia, Union Grove, Burlington and more.
bottom of page


text: Every wish is a command in the enchanting world of Neverland, and hearing Tony winner Alfie Boe sing Finding Neverland's title track has been at the top of our list! Currently taking flight as J.M. Barrie at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, the Broadway.com Audience Choice Award-winning tenor recently performed on The Today Show. As previously announced, Finding Neverland will shutter on August 21 (luckily, plans for the musical to land back on Broadway are already in the works, as are productions across the world and a movie adaptation). Take a peek at Boe's magical performance below, and be sure to catch him live before the tuner sails away!


text:
"The X Factor" Half the Show Of "Idol"
The big "X Factor" premiere last night fell way short of Simon Cowell's expectations -- earning just over half the ratings "American Idol" got during its premiere in January.
Simon's new show averaged an 8.7 rating, while the tenth season premiere of "Idol" pulled in a 16.4 -- and in last night's head-to-head ... "Modern Family" and "Criminal Minds" won out.
Simon called in to TMZ Live yesterday -- telling us, he desperately wanted to beat out his alma mater in the ratings department ... but based on last night's performance, that's gonna be an uphill battle.
To be fair -- the first ever episode of "American Idol" only scored a 6.1 in 2002 ... and has since had years to build a loyal audience. Then again, singing competitions were new back then.


text:
Looking for Pottstown Homes For Sale including 415 Lincoln Ave and MLS#: 5759924 ?
INVESTOR ALERT! This Pottstown single has a large fenced in rear yard with a nice patio. Extra large kitchen just needs your finishing touches. Corporate owned, selling as-is, no sellers disclosure. All municipal certifications and inspections, including U & O are buyer's responsibility. Corporate addendums apply after agreeemnt is accepted. Some copper is missing from basement, excellent rehab opportunity.
Price: $42000
Bedrooms: 2
Bathrooms: 1 full bath
Year Built: 1900
Days On Market: N/A
[idx-listing mlsnumber="5759924″ showschools="true" showlocation="true"]


text:
100% Free-range Ostrich Meat responsibly sourced from South Africa.
Reward your pets and satisfy their cravings for real raw meat with our artisan, Freeze-dried Farm-raised Free-range Ostrich Treats!
Perfect as an everyday treat, reward for training, or add them to your pet's bowl for a 'rawsome' nutritional boost. Our single-ingredient Ostrich meat treats promote overall health and vitality and will certainly make your pet's tail wag with joy.
Our freeze-dried raw meat treats have never been cooked or processed in any form whatsoever. The superior freeze-dried method preserves food naturally, so there are no added chemicals or preservatives that are found in common pet foods and treats.
Even better, all the natural vitamins, minerals, nutrients, and the great taste of real, raw meat remain the same.
Only the best treats. Because they're family.
Package Size:
Our Freeze-dried treats can be enjoyed out of the bag or rehydrated as a meal topper.
They are not intended to be fed a complete and balanced diet.
Best if fed within 30 days after opening.
Ensure pets have access to water bowls.
Storage: Store treats in their bags at room temperature. Do not store treats in the refrigerator or freezer.
Satisfy your pet's cravings for
real, raw meat with our handcrafted
single-ingredient treats


text:
I read from wiki that:
Assam (Assamese: অসম, Hindi: आसाम, and also Hindi: असम) is a black tea named after the region of its production, Assam, in India. Assam tea (Assamese: অসমীয়া চাহ, Hindi: असमिया चाय) is manufactured specifically from the plant Camellia sinensis var. assamica (Masters).1 This tea, most of which is grown at or near sea level, is known for its body, briskness, malty flavor, and strong, bright color. Assam teas, or blends containing Assam, are often sold as "breakfast" teas. English Breakfast tea, Irish Breakfast tea, and Scottish Breakfast Tea are common generic names. [3]
Is it true? I need Assam tea for brewing a good cup of Chai Tea. If they are the same stuff, then I don't need go down to Chungking Mansions' indian store for it. ( I live in Hong Kong ) I can just grap one English Breakfast Tea in supermarket.
However, in this wiki about English Breakfast Tea, the tea leaves could also come from Ceylon and Kenya:
English Breakfast tea is a traditional blend of teas originating from Assam, Ceylon and Kenya. It is one of the most popular blended teas and the most common form of British tea culture. It was initially known simply as Breakfast Tea, and was popularised by Queen Victoria.


text:
SAOC 63. Beyond the Ubaid: Transformation and Integration in the Late Prehistoric Societies of the Middle East Robert A. Carter and Graham Philip, eds.
Purchase Download Terms of Use
Originally coined to signify a style of pottery in southern Iraq, and by extension an associated people and a chronological period, the term "Ubaid" is now often used loosely to denote a vast Near Eastern interaction zone, characterized by similarities in material culture, particularly ceramic styles, which existed during the sixth and fifth millennia B.C. This zone extended over 2,000 km from the shores of the Mediterranean to the Straits of Hormuz, including parts of Anatolia and perhaps even the Caucasus. The volume contains twenty-three papers that explore what the "Ubaid" is, how it is identified, and how the Ubaid in one location compares to another in a distant location.
The papers are the result of The Ubaid Expansion? Cultural Meaning, Identity and the Lead-up to Urbanism, an International Workshop held at Grey College, University of Durham, 20-22 April 2006.
- Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 63
- Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 2010
- Pp. ix + 396; 147 figures, 11 tables
- $42.95
Part 1: Theoretical Frameworks
- Deconstructing the Ubaid. Robert A. Carter and Graham Philip
- Local Identities and Interaction Spheres: Modeling Regional Variation in the Ubaid Horizon. Gil J. Stein
- More Thoughts on the Ubaid Period. Joan Oates
- The Halaf-Ubaid Transition: A Transformation without a Center? Philip Karsgaard
- Questioning the Halaf-Ubaid Transition. Stuart Campbell and Alexandra Fletcher
- The Dead Hand of Deimel. McGuire Gibson
Part 2: Identity and Material Culture
- Practices of Daily Life in Fifth-millennium B.C. Iran and Mesopotamia. Susan Pollock
- Figuring Out Identity: The Body and Identity in the Ubaid. Karina Croucher
- Ubaid Headshaping: Negotiations of Identity through Physical Appearance? Kirsi O. Lorentz
- A Snake in the Grass: Reassessing the Ever-intriguing Ophidian Figurines. Aurelie Daems
- The Term "Hajji Muhammad": A Re-evaluation. Harriet Crawford
- The Development of Wool Exploitation in Ubaid-period Settlements of North Mesopotamia. Hiroshi Sudo
- Ubaid Lithics Revisited: Their Significance for the Interpretation of Ubaid Society. Elizabeth Healey
- Buttress-recess Architecture and Status Symbolism in the Ubaid Period. Uwe Sievertsen
Part 3: Comparative Analyses and Regional Perspectives
- A Monumental Failure: The Collapse of Susa. Frank Hole
- Ubaid-Related-Related? The "Black-on-buff" Ceramic Traditions of Highland Southwest Iran. Lloyd Weeks, Cameron A. Petrie, and Daniel T. Potts
- Bakun-period Sites in Darre-ye Bolaghi, Fars. Barbara Helwing and Mojgan Seyedin
- The Emergence of Ubaid Styles at Tell Kurdu: A Local Perspective. Rana Özbal
- An Aspect of the Ubaid Intrusion in the Syrian Upper Euphrates Valley. Yayoi Yamazaki
- The Ubaid in the Balikh Valley, Northern Syria: Balikh Periods IV-V. Maria Giuseppina Trentin
- Networks of Interregional Interaction during Mesopotamia's Ubaid Period. Bradley J. Parker
- Exploring Social Organizational Aspects of the Ubaid Communities: A Case Study of Degirmentepe in Eastern Turkey. Bekir Gurdil
- Godedzor, A Late Ubaid-related Settlement in the Southern Caucasus. Christine Chataigner, Pavel Avetisyan, Giulio Palumbi, and Hans-Peter Uerpmann


text:
Freya Cushion
Regular price £80.00 Sale price £39.95
Free Delivery 4-7 Business Days |
Secure Checkout |
14 Day Returns |
Filled cushion finished in luxuriously soft faux suede.
This cushion is printed on both sides, so it makes a versatile addition to your sofa or bed.
Details you'll appreciate:
- Printed on both sides
- Soft-touch, animal-friendly faux suede fabric
- 100% polyester cushion insert
- Zippered cover for easy removal
- Machine washable: Gentle cycle, air dry
- Size: 45cm x 45cm (standard cushion size)
Our faux suede cushion fabric is animal-friendly and printed using a dye sublimation process for a superior print.
A few carefully placed cushions can transform the mood of any room. Our cushions are comfortable, water-resistant, stain-proof and hand-made in the UK.
We collaborate with a network of printing partners located in the UK, Netherlands, USA, Canada, and Australia to produce and ship our artwork.
Your order is shipped from our closest fulfilment location to you, wherever possible. This helps us get your order to you faster and minimise the impact on our planet.
All our artwork is packaged securely in protective layers to ensure they arrive safely.
We use a network of postal carriers including Royal Mail, DPD, FedEx and local authorities using secure and tracked services.
Shipping Estimates
Shipping times depend on your order and location. Accurate shipping times for your order will be displayed at checkout. Times are provided below as a guideline only:
Destination | Shipping | Shipping Time |
UK | Express | 1 to 4 business days |
Standard | 4 to 8 business days | |
Europe | Express | 2 to 8 business days |
Standard | 6 to 12 business days | |
USA | Express | 2 to 8 business days |
Standard | 6 to 12 business days | |
Rest of World | Express | 3 to 9 business days |
Standard | 9 to 14 business days |
If no shipping time is shown at checkout, our default shipping times are 6 to 18 business days.
For full details see our Shipping Policy.
Attempted Delivery
If delivery problems arise due to errors made by the customer, such as providing an incorrect address or failing to retrieve the item from the courier or post office within 14 days of date of attempted delivery, refunds will only be initiated after the item has been successfully returned to our specified UK return address.
You will receive notifications via email, tracking information, SMS or an attempted delivery note left in your letterbox. Failure to contact us within this 14-day period falls outside our return window, and regrettably, we won't be able to assist at that point.
As a small business, we collaborate with printing partners to produce all our artwork. In the event your order is returned to the sender (our printing partner) due to the delivery issues mentioned above, the responsibility for returning it to our specified UK return address lies with you, and the associated costs will be your responsibility as well.
Please take note that you will be accountable for covering the re-shipping expenses to our specified UK return address. Unfortunately, we cannot refund these additional shipping costs, as they result from the return process.
We greatly appreciate your understanding and cooperation. If you have any questions or require further assistance, please don't hesitate to reach out to our customer support team at firstname.lastname@example.com.
We have a hassle-free returns policy, which means you can return any items to us for a full refund within 14 days of delivery, so don't be afraid to try something new!
For full details please see our Returns Policy
If you would like to return your item, please contact our team at email@example.com.
1,000's of Happy Customers |
For Every Order, We Plant 1 Tree! |


text:
This article is more than 1 year old
Want football? Get in the Xbox
World Cup comes to Live
If you thought you could escape World Cup fever by hiding away with your games console, think again - it's all kicking off on Xbox Live this month.
Microsoft has teamed up with Adidas and Konami to bring Xbox Live users "Summer of Football" - despite the name, a month of games and entertainment to celebrate the World Cup.
Missed your flight to SA? Xbox will console you
Users can download official kits, dress their avatars in country colours and add accessories like banners and hats. While these come at a price, this weekend from 11-13 June, all Live members will receive free Gold membership access, including multiplayer opportunities.
As well as promotions and discount on top footie titles, there is a penalty shootout application to test your skills against the rest of the online community, daily World Cup updates, interviews and gossip.
Football mad? Get on the ball, get in the Xbox and score! ®


text:
Taming Batch Operations Using Perl: A Tale of One Application, a Group of Users, Two Languages, and a Few Tools
A while back, I did some consulting with a group of technical specialists working for a medium-sized company. This group performed certain calculations for the company—or rather, the calculations were performed by an old, old piece of software which we will call BRP/P. This is a story of BRP/P and some of the people working with it. (Some details have been changed to protect the innocent—and the guilty.)
Working with BRP/P
Although it was now running on Unix, BRP/P originated on a mainframe and never seemed to have adapted fully to its new environment. For instance, its data-input format was 80-character, FIXED-FORMAT (that is, the month will be encoded in columns 17–19, and so on), but at least it no longer required paper punch cards.
Stemming from a mainframe, BRP/P had no notion of an "interactive session," of course: all processing was batch, period—but the classic kind of batch job, in which you deliver your deck of punch cards the evening before to the system operator and (hopefully) pick up your results the next morning at the window. This being the 21st century, we did away with the punch cards and the sysops, but the spirit of the '60s was still very much alive and well.
BRP/P read its instructions from program files, which ended (reasonably enough) in the extension .BRP. However, rather than printing to the console, it generated not one, but two output files: one contained the results (if any) of the calculation; the other one contained mostly logging information. Any error messages and warnings were also printed to this file, together with the (copious!) logging info. Both of these files were automatically named by BRP/P: the basename was the same as the basename of the program (that is, the .BRP) file, but the extension was different: the results file had the extension of .OUT, while the logging file had the extension of .OUCH.
These two files were a source of enduring mirth. First of all, BRP/P would not overwrite (and thereby clear) the .OUT file on startup; it would generate a new .OUT file only when it actually had results to show. In case it encountered an error, it would whisper this to the .OUCH file while leaving the old .OUT file standing around. Checking only the .OUT file after a run was therefore not enough—you never knew whether your program had actually completed! So, to examine the result of any program modification required first a careful scan of (several pages of) .OUCH, before one would trust to look at the actual results themselves. (Interactive shell users will note the particularly pernicious naming convention, too, rendering tab-completion almost maximally useless: the first tab completes the basename; the second tab gets us to myfile.OU?, requiring another key stroke and tab to complete!)
Coming from the Unix environment, I experienced working with BRP/P as incredibly painful (somebody described it as "scraping the paint off the walls with your fingernails"), but it took a few days to realize precisely what made it so painful. Once I recognized the lack of interactivity, the path to a solution was clear: provide a little Perl wrapper, taking the name of a BRP/P program file as parameter. The wrapper would run BRP/P and then scan the log file for errors, printing them to the screen. Only if no errors were found would it read the .OUT file, paging its contents. The first version of the wrapper (called doBRP) was up within a couple of hours. Although in this early incarnation it was flaky and offered few creature comforts, it was met with enthusiasm by my coworkers—enough to encourage further development!


text:
MER Spirit landing site - Gusev Crater
Two robot rovers landed on Mars in January 2004. The first robot is named Spirit. Spirit landed inside a big crater called Gusev Crater.
Gusev Crater may have been filled with water long ago. It may have been a big lake. Spirit is a robot geologist. Some kinds of rocks form in places where there is water. Spirit is trying to find those kinds of rocks. If it does, that might prove that Gusev Crater really was a lake.
The only water that we know about on Mars right now is frozen - it is ice! Many scientists think Mars used to be warmer. They think there may have been liquid water on Mars in the past. Liquid water is good place to find life, especially microbes. If we find water on Mars, or clues about where there used to be water, that might help us figure out whether Mars ever had life.
Spirit has a twin named Opportunity. Opportunity landed at a different place on Mars named Meridiani Planum.
Gusev Crater is about 145 km (90 miles) wide. It is about as big as the state of Connecticut. There is a valley connected to Gusev Crater. The valley looks like it might have had a river in it long ago. Maybe Spirit will find rocks that formed in water!


text:
Hisuian Decidueye and Enamorus are having special raids on February 14th and 11th!
Dialga - Origin with Roar of Time and Palkia - Origin with Spacial Rend will be in Pokemon Go Raids February 24th and 25th for Pokemon Go Tour: Sinnoh, get your raid counters ready!
Shadow Raids are here! Get your Shadow Ho-Oh and Shadow Articuno counters ready!
Hsineerg does Master League!
Latest PvP News!
Articles and Videos From Top PvP Players©2016-2022 Pokebattler.com™. All rights reserved by their respective owners.
Pokebattler™ is not officially affiliated with Pokémon Go and is intended to fall under Fair Use doctrine, similar to any other informational site such as a wiki.
All Pokémon Go trademarks, copyrights etc are held by Niantic, Inc.; Pokémon; and Nintendo / Creatures Inc. / GAME FREAK inc. Pokémon and Pokémon character names are trademarks of Nintendo.


text:
Making Real Magic book Osterlind
In Making Real Magic, Osterlind exhorts mystery entertainers everywhere to take magic beyond the province of tricks and storybook tales and to make it a reality in their own lives and also in the lives of their audiences.
In this major new work, almost twice the length of Making Magic Real, Osterlind encourages magicians to seize the birthright of their craft and restore magic to its rightful place among the performing arts. To demonstrate the reality of his assertions, Osterlind has also included his greatly expanded version of the Amazing Memory Demonstration. Appearing in print for the first time, this routine is an anytime, anyplace showpiece that will make you a miracle worker in the estimation of your audiences.
Jim Sisti
"Osterling, Richard"


text:
There's been lots of bashing of Rep. Mike Pence (R-Ind.) here on Grist lately — see Kate here, Brad here — and with good reason. The guy has a good chance of being the next Republican House leader and he is, to put it bluntly, dumb as a box of hair. Guy like this, it's hard to know if he's lying, exactly, because you can never really tell whether he understands the situation well enough to distinguish lies from truth. But he certainly says lots of incorrect things.
Anyway, though, this post isn't mainly about Pence. It's about Republicans and climate change and how both the media and the Dems should be approaching the subject.
Pence put in an absolutely astonishing appearance on Hardball this weekend:
Before I say anything about this, I also want to dredge up this interview with House Minority Leader John Boehner from a couple weeks ago. Watch:
Now, there's been lots of discussion and ridicule of both these clips, but most of it has focused on the scientific illiteracy. And yes, it's amazing that after all this time, after all these hearings, neither of these Republican leaders seem to have the faintest understanding of what the problem is even supposed to be. A "carcinogen"? WTF?
But to me the more significant aspect is that Stephanopoulos and Matthews have finally done something that, astonishingly, virtually no mainstream journalists have, which is press Republicans on what their solution to climate change is.
The public largely understands that this is a problem; they largely accept the science. They get nervous when specific solutions are discussed, which is why Republicans want to spend all their time talking about the Dems' "national energy tax." But they do believe that this is a problem that needs to be addressed.
And on that terrain, Republicans are completely a mess — a familiar mess, trapped between their increasingly loopy base and the American mainstream. Their base is full of flat-earthers that don't believe the scientific consensus. Limbaugh, Beck, and the rest will be outraged if a Republican leader acknowledges that it's a real problem. On the other hand, the public and the establishment accept that it's a problem and are in the midst of debating solutions. So Republicans have to offer something. That's where the coal- and nuke-heavy "all of the above" nonsense comes in.
But the position is unsustainable. It crumbles with just a little pressure, as you can see from the above videos. Republican leaders want to say, simultaneously, that climate change isn't caused by CO2 and that the public should trust Republicans to reduce emissions. It's incoherent and grossly dishonest.
It's a serious indictment of the media that more journalists haven't pushed on this. And I don't know why Dems aren't pushing it. The lever is effective and easily available, and it moves debate onto far more favorable territory.
All they have to do when faced with Republican opposition is ask: what's your solution? The only response available to Republicans is to deny the science and look like troglodytes or accept it and suffer at the hands of their base.
In short, Republicans have no answer. They can't solve a problem they don't believe exists.


text:
Haircuts involve cutting your hair, while a hair style is basically the way you style or arrange your hair.
One Length Cut: Bob
Blow-Dry for a Kicking-Out Hairstyle
There are 3 main kinds of haircuts: layered hair, razor cuts and one length cuts. Layered hair involves cutting the hair in variable lengths so as to create definition and volume. A razor cut is created when the hair is sliced with a cut throat style razor, and a one length cut is a haircut without layers (meaning the hair is a single and consistent length). To find out more about these haircuts check out our "New Hair Guide."
Hot Irons to Create Waves
Simple DIY Updo
There are many different ways to style your hair, but some of the main ones are the following. For an easy makeover you can blow-dry your hair to create volume, or even to make your hair straight; you can use hair irons to create wicked waves and creative curls; style your hair into a gorgeous updo to complement your look; you can add some hair accessories like hair bands, clips and tiaras (or style your hair into a perfect ponytail); and don't forget you can change your hair color too (but make sure you follow our hair coloring tips)!
Now an important thing to remember is that although a hair style depends on a haircut, you don't always need to change your haircut to change your hair style. Have a look at our "Same Haircut Different Style" articles and see if any of the hairstyle ideas suit you; for example, if you've got fine texture and a short haircut, try styling your hair curly, wavy or without bangs. Or if you've got medium texture hair and a medium length haircut, try styling your hair up for something more formal. Also check out our hairstyling tips for medium length layered haircuts, as well as our "Same Haircut Different Color" articles.
One of the easiest and quickest ways to create a new look is to style your haircut differently. Styling is obviously less drastic than cutting your hair and might just be the change you're after.


text:
I can't believe it. DH and I finally are getting away for a couple days to Lexington, Kentucky. We hope to get in a trip to the cemetery as well as the public Library's Kentucky room. I've had my cemetery book ready and just printed the final copy of my library to-do list. Even though the weather forecast wasn't the greatest for Wednesday, today and tomorrow are supposed to be better, if HOT.
Which reminds me, I need to check the cemetery kit to make sure I have everything. Somehow last year, we left without the some of the key ingredients.
For more on our adventures in Lexington, check out my blog at Generational.
Copyright 2010, ACK for Gene Notes


text:
After nearly five days of deliberation—which included twice having to start over when first one panel member had to be replaced, then a second—the federal jury delivered its verdict: Each of the six sworn members of the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department on trial for obstruction of a federal investigation were found guilty on all counts.
Those convicted include deputies Gerard Smith, 42, and Mickey Manzo, 34, sergeants Scott Craig, 50, and Maricela Long, 46, Lieutenant Stephan Leavins, 52, and Gregory Thompson, 54, a now-retired lieutenant.
All six defendants could face a maximum of fifteen years in federal prison. Scott Craig and Maricela Long could have an extra five years tacked on for the charges of making false statements to federal agents.
After the verdict was announced, the defendants reacted with expressions that ranged from stunned to stoic. Many of the family members who had attended every session of this fascinating but emotionally grueling month-long trial, struggled with tears.
According to the trial's Juror No. 1, a truck driver named Ron (who declined to give his last name), he and his fellow panel members did their own wrestling with the human side of the verdicts.
"The biggest thing was how it was going to affect all these people's lives," he said. "Each of us went through that. We didn't want to harm anybody."
Yet, once they removed emotions from their task, Ron said, he and the rest had little difficulty with the facts of the case. "We had a job to do. And the evidence we had was pretty definite. They went over the line."
Ron said that the jurors understood the contention of the defense that the various defendants were simply carrying out the orders of others. "But once your orders become you breaking the law," he said, "that's a problem. They went over the line when they began to hide "AB" as we got to call him, [federal informant] Anthony Brown, they began to do things outside the law."
At 4 pm on Tuesday, U.S. Attorney Andre Birotte emerged with the prosecution team beside him, and made a statement on the steps of the courthouse in which he talked about "criminal conduct and a toxic culture" inside the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department.
"These defendants were supposed to keep the jails safe and to investigate criminal acts by deputies," said Birotte. Instead they "took measures to obstruct a federal investigation and tamper with witnesses…. While an overwhelming majority of law enforcement officials serve with honor and dignity, these defendants tarnished the badge by acting as if they were above the law."
In May, the trial of a seventh defendant, Deputy James Sexton, who was also accused of obstruction of justice in the hiding of FBI informant Anthony Brown, had ended in a mistrial with the jury hopelessly deadlocked, 6 to 6. In the case of Sexton, however, jurors voting to acquit pointed to the fact that the deputy had cooperated with the FBI for more than a year.
One of the reasons this trial has been important is that, in both both content and outcome, it points beyond itself to a host of additional issues.
As a consequence, in the days before the verdict, some of the trial watchers familiar with the workings of the U.S. Attorney's office talked about the larger implications of possible verdicts. For instance, as one trial watcher explained, Tuesday's string of guilty verdicts strongly suggests that a local agency should not attempt to derail the investigation of a federal agency into wrongdoing by the locals simply because the locals don't like the way in which the feds are poking into their affairs. A string of innocent verdicts could have set a very different kind of precedent.
Another thing this trial has done is to paint yet one more vivid picture of–as U.S. Attorney Birotte put it—the "criminal conduct and a toxic culture" that was, and still is, corroding the innards of the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department, despite the majority of decent cops who fill its ranks.
Candidate for sheriff, Jim McDonnell, issued a statement Tuesday that pointed to this issue. "This is a devastatingly sad day for our entire County," said McDonnell. "The LASD has lost the respect of too many in our community as well as the confidence of the dedicated men and women within the Department itself…."
The big question is, of course, now that they have this matched set of six convictions, will the federal prosecutors move up the LASD ladder and attempt to indict those who—according to testimony by multiple witnesses heard throughout this trial—actually gave the orders that resulted in six department members losing their careers and potentially facing serious prison terms?
Specifically, will the feds try to indict former sheriff Lee Baca and former undersheriff Paul Tanaka, who is now running for sheriff?
Plus there are others like ICIB Captain William "Tom" Carey who are hard to ignore.
It is likely that, as the trials for some of the others of the total 21 department members indicted for brutality in the jails or other forms of corruption unfold in the coming year, the pressure on federal prosecutors to bring cases against those recently at the department's top will continue to grow stronger.
Manzo, Smith, Craig, Long, Leavins and Thompson remain free on bail, and are scheduled to be sentenced on September 8 by United States District Judge Percy Anderson.
Lisa Bartley and Miriam Hernandez for ABC7


text:
Biological Sciences Division
Research Highlights
January 2008
Regulatory Protein Shown to Indicate Stress in Skeletal Muscle
Calmodulin points to factor contributing to inflammation
Curt Boschek
Results: Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have demonstrated that calmodulin (CaM) a central regulator of metabolism, is a reliable indicator of oxidative stress in mammalian tissues. Their work demonstrated oxidative modification of CaM indicating that skeletal muscle operates under a high oxidative load as compared with other tissues. Furthermore, this team identified the molecular mechanism underlying the altered regulation by oxidized CaM of a calcium channel, the ryanodine receptor (RyR). This study appeared in the January 8 issue of Biochemistry.
Why it matters: Its high oxidative load suggests that skeletal muscle is likely to play a major role in amplifying inflammation induced by stressors such as pathogens, environmental pollutants and ionizing radiation. This result agrees with current proteomic and immunodetection data showing high levels of oxidatively modified proteins in muscle. However, as a result of the multiple oxidizable groups (methionines) in CaM, this single protein provides a progressive measure of the oxidative stress in vivo. Thus, CaM may be used as a potent sensor of stress in a variety of cells and tissues.
Methods: As reported in a series of four papers published in Biochemistry in 2007 and 2008, the PNNL team developed a novel fluorescent probe of CaM conformation that revealed both abnormal and normal modes of CaM binding. This provided insight into the effects of CaM oxidation on the major target of CaM regulation in muscle, the RyR. This calcium release channel (see figure) is essential in muscle as it initiates muscle contraction and is important in maintaining calcium homeostasis.
As shown in the figure, a crystal structure-derived model of calmodulin (CaM) with fluorescent pyrenes (blue ring structures) attached to their sites on N- and C-terminal domains, respectively. When cellular calcium levels rise, calcium (the grey balls) binds CaM, and CaM (in most, but not all cases) wraps itself around a specific sequence on the protein that it will regulate. In the second structure, the CaM binding sequence is shown as a blue helical structure. In the wrapped conformation, the C- and N-domains of CaM are close together, which brings the pyrenes into proximity. When they overlap, they emit a distinct fluorescence signal. Thus, there are specific signals associated with the extended and "wrapped" conformations of CaM that can be monitored simultaneously.
From this, the PNNL team could see the abnormal binding of oxidized CaM to various target proteins. This will help answer a major question in the field: How does the same protein (CaM) bind to a variety of different proteins to up- or down-regulate their activities, and because the total CaM in the cell is limited, how does CaM modification (like oxidation) alter the distribution of CaM among its various target proteins?
Enlarged View
The researchers found that with this extent of oxidation, CaM retains high-affinity binding to the RyR1 calcium channel, but weakens preferentially in its ability to facilitate channel closure. This contrasts with unoxidized CaM, which acts as a local sensor of calcium level that regulates RyR1 by promoting channel opening at low calcium concentrations and channel closure at high calcium concentrations. Thus, oxidized CaM leads to prolonged channel opening (slower closure) and increased cellular calcium concentrations.
What's next: This work demonstrates the usefulness of CaM both as an internal and external sensor of stress. Further, the novel fluorescent probe developed in these studies might be used for multiplex detection of the effects of physiological stressors on binding conformation and affinity of CaM to its many regulated cellular targets.
Acknowledgments: The research team includes Curt Boschek, Heather Smallwood, Thomas Squier, and Diana Bigelow. The work was supported by the National Institutes of Health.
Boschek CB, TE Jones, HS Smallwood, TC Squier and DJ Bigelow. 2007. "Loss of calmodulin-dependent inhibition of the RyR1 calcium release channel upon oxidation of methionines in calmodulin" Biochemistry 47(1):131-142.
Boschek CB, H Sun, DJ Bigelow, TC Squier. 2008. "Different conformational switches underlie the calmodulin-dependent modulation of calcium pumps and channels. Biochemistry. Published online January 18, 2008, 10.1021/bi701987n S0006-2960(70)01987-6
Boschek CB, TC Squier, and DJ Bigelow. 2007. "Disruption of interdomain interactions upon partial calcium activation of calmodulin." Biochemistry 46:4580-4588.
Boschek CB, TE Jones, TC Squier, and DJ Bigelow. 2007. Calcium occupancy on N-terminal sites within calmodulin induces inhibition of the RyR1 calcium release channel. Biochemistry 46:10621-10628.


text:
"Chapter 20: Mosiah 9–17," Book of Mormon Student Manual (2009), 149–55
"Chapter 20," Book of Mormon Student Manual, 149–55
Chapter 20
Mosiah 9–17
Mosiah 9–24 recounts the history of a colony led by Zeniff from the land of Zarahemla to the land of Lehi-Nephi. The record covers a period of almost 80 years, from about 200 B.C. until their return to the land of Zarahemla in about 121 B.C. This was about the same time period that Kings Mosiah1, Benjamin, and Mosiah2 were reigning in the land of Zarahemla; Zeniff, Noah, and Limhi reigned in the land of Lehi-Nephi.
During the reign of King Noah, the prophet Abinadi warned the people to repent. He also prophesied of pending destruction for turning from God. Abinadi's teachings also demonstrated the Savior's divinity, His unity with the Father, and the great sacrifice the Savior would make in the Atonement process. By studying the words of Abinadi, you can renew feelings of gratitude for the Savior's sacrifice and gain deeper appreciation of the Atonement.
Abinadi's martyrdom exhibits his great courage. Abinadi's testimony led to the conversion of Alma but cost Abinadi his life. As you ponder the events of Abinadi's ministry, consider the influence that one righteous man had on future generations. Through his one known convert—Alma—came the next several generations of prophets who prepared the people for the coming of Jesus Christ. Like Abinadi, you too can profoundly affect your family and others you know by testifying of truth and by living righteously.
Insert before Mosiah 9
The inserted heading prior to the chapter summary of Mosiah 9 is part of the original record given to the Prophet Joseph Smith (see commentary for The First Book of Nephi: His Reign and Ministry on page 12). The phrase "Comprising chapters 9 to 22 inclusive" was added when the Book of Mormon was published in chapter format in the 1879 edition.
Mosiah 9. The Record of Zeniff
Mosiah 9:1–4 and Omni 1:27–29 both relate the story of Zeniff's first expedition to recolonize the land of Nephi-Lehi; however, Mosiah 9:1–2 reveals why the first expedition fought a civil war and was forced to return to the land of Zarahemla. Zeniff did not delight in war but desired to live in peace among the Lamanites. Mosiah 9–10 was written by Zeniff without abridgement or comment by Mormon. Note that the date for Mosiah 8 is 121 B.C. The date for Mosiah 9 is 200 B.C. The record reverted back in time 80 years to tell what happened in the land of Lehi-Nephi during the time period of Benjamin and Mosiah's reign in Zarahemla.
Mosiah 9:16–18; 10:10–11, 19. "In the Strength of the Lord"
Zeniff recorded that they fought "in the strength of the Lord" when battling the Lamanites (see Mosiah 9:16–18; 10:10–11, 19). Although Zeniff's people were greatly outnumbered, they overcame their Lamanite aggressors with comparatively few casualties. Their success was due to their faithfulness to God. The Lord heard their cries and blessed them with strength. Throughout the Book of Mormon we see that giving strength to His people is one of God's tender mercies. Benjamin's people in Zarahemla were victorious over the Lamanites because they fought "in the strength of the Lord" (Words of Mormon 1:14).
In the book of Alma, the success of the Nephite armies can be attributed to their ability to trust in God to assist them in their battles and not in the size of the army (see Alma 2:27–31; 43:49–51; 56:56). Although our battles may not be physical warfare, the phrase "in the strength of the Lord" teaches us that we too can ask for assistance from God to grant us strength to triumph over our foes.
Mosiah 10:11–17. False Traditions
The Lamanites came to accept as truth a distorted version of events concerning their original journey from Jerusalem. These false traditions were handed down from generation to generation, creating deep prejudices or an "eternal hatred" among the Lamanites against the Nephites (Mosiah 10:17). In latter-day revelation the Lord warned that Satan uses false traditions to take "away truth and light" (D&C 93:39; see also D&C 123:7–8). Because of these traditions the Lamanites felt justified in murdering, robbing, and attempting to destroy or enslave the Nephites (see Mosiah 10:17).
Elder Richard G. Scott of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles taught what we should do when a family or cultural tradition conflicts with God's plan or standards. He counseled us to carefully examine our lives to determine what traditions may differ from the teachings of the Lord:
"Your Heavenly Father assigned you to be born into a specific lineage from which you received your inheritance of race, culture, and traditions. That lineage can provide a rich heritage and great reasons to rejoice. Yet you have the responsibility to determine if there is any part of that heritage that must be discarded because it works against the Lord's plan of happiness.
"You may ask how can one determine when a tradition is in conflict with the teachings of the Lord and should be abandoned? That is not easily done. I have found how difficult it is as I work to overcome some of my own incorrect traditions. … Customs and traditions become an inherent part of us. They are not easy to evaluate objectively. Carefully study the scriptures and counsel of the prophets to understand how the Lord wants you to live. Then evaluate each part of your life and make any adjustments needed. Seek help from another you respect who has been able to set aside some deeply held convictions or traditions that are not in harmony with the Lord's plan. …
"Is yours a culture where the husband exerts a domineering, authoritarian role, making all of the important decisions for the family? That pattern needs to be tempered so that both husband and wife act as equal partners, making decisions in unity for themselves and their family. …
"These are other traditions that should be set aside—any aspect of heritage:
"That would violate the Word of Wisdom.
"That is based on forcing others to comply by the power of station often determined by heredity.
"That encourages the establishment of caste systems.
"That breeds conflict with other cultures" (in Conference Report, Apr. 1998, 112–13; or Ensign, May 1998, 86).
Mosiah 11:2–19, 27. Noah Walked "after the Desires of His Own Heart"
For discussion on concubines, see commentary for Jacob 1:15 on page 115.
Mormon vividly described the wickedness of King Noah (see Mosiah 11:2–19, 27). Later, Mosiah used the example of King Noah as the primary reason to eliminate government by kings: "How much iniquity doth one wicked king cause to be committed, yea, and what great destruction! Yea, remember king Noah" (Mosiah 29:17–18). King Noah's complete selfishness in seeking the desires of the flesh stands as a warning to modern readers of the fate of such individuals.
Mosiah 11:20. The Prophet Abinadi
Elder M. Russell Ballard of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles highlighted Abinadi's courage and willingness to obey the Lord: "Abinadi infuriated wicked King Noah with his courageous testimony of the Lord Jesus Christ. Eventually this great missionary offered the ultimate sacrifice for his witness and faith but not before his pure testimony touched one believing heart. Alma, one of King Noah's priests, 'repented of his sins … , [accepted Jesus as the Christ,] and went about privately among the people, and began to teach the words of Abinadi' (Mosiah 18:1). Many were converted to the gospel of Jesus Christ as a direct result of Abinadi's powerfully borne testimony of the Savior, believed by one soul—Alma" (in Conference Report, Oct. 2004, 43; or Ensign, Nov. 2004, 41).
While serving in the Seventy, Elder Cree-L Kofford discussed Abinadi's influence and example: "What is there that is so special about Abinadi? Perhaps it was his total obedience as he went, presumably alone, among those whom he must have known would take his life, to deliver the word of the Lord and to cry repentance to the people. Perhaps it is the very fact that we know so little about him, or perhaps it was simply the way with which he faced the adversities which came into his life in such a straightforward, 'square-to-the world' way. Whatever the reason, Abinadi was and is special. His life, lived so long ago, still has the power to excite the mind and cause the pulse to pound" ("Abinadi," in Heroes from the Book of Mormon [1995], 69–70). We know that Abinadi was a man who came from among the people, not from outside their society. He was obviously a righteous man called to warn his own people that if they did not repent, bondage and destruction would follow.
Mosiah 11:21; 12:1–2, 8. Abinadi's Warnings
The failure of the people of Noah to hearken to Abinadi's first warning (see Mosiah 11:21) led to a more serious warning when he returned two years later. The consequence became that they would be in bondage, and if they did not repent they would be destroyed (see Mosiah 12:1–2, 8). This is often the case in life—when we put off obedience or delay following the prophet, we bring more serious consequences upon ourselves.
Mosiah 12:15–24. "Him That Bringeth Good Tidings"
One of King Noah's wicked priests challenged Abinadi: "What meaneth the words … : How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings; that publisheth peace; that bringeth good tidings of good"? (Mosiah 12:20–21). As you read Mosiah 12–15, note how thoroughly Abinadi responded to this question.
Mosiah 12:34–36; 13:11–26. The Ten Commandments
President Gordon B. Hinckley (1910–2008) declared that the Ten Commandments (see Exodus 20:3–17) are an essential part of the gospel of Jesus Christ in every generation: "[The] Ten Commandments [were] written by the finger of Jehovah on tablets of stone for the salvation and safety, for the security and happiness of the children of Israel and for all of the generations which were to come after them" (in Conference Report, Oct. 1991, 71; or Ensign, Nov. 1991, 51).
Mosiah 13:28. "Salvation Doth Not Come by the Law Alone"
Elder Dallin H. Oaks of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles testified of the absolute need for Jesus Christ, even when we live righteously: "Men and women unquestionably have impressive powers and can bring to pass great things. But after all our obedience and good works, we cannot be saved from death or the effects of our individual sins without the grace extended by the atonement of Jesus Christ. The Book of Mormon makes this clear. It teaches that 'salvation doth not come by the law alone' (Mosiah 13:28). In other words, salvation does not come simply by keeping the commandments. 'By the law no flesh is justified' (2 Ne. 2:5). Even those who try to obey and serve God with all their heart, might, mind, and strength are 'unprofitable servants' (Mosiah 2:21). Man cannot earn his own salvation" ("Another Testament of Jesus Christ," Ensign, Mar. 1994, 67).
Mosiah 13:34. "God Himself Should Come Down"
The term God generally refers to our Heavenly Father, and it is Him whom we ultimately worship. It is also true that Jesus Christ is God. Saints of the Old Testament era knew Him as Jehovah, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Elder James E. Talmage (1862–1933) of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles taught that the scriptures help us understand the divinity of Jesus Christ and His role as a God: "We claim scriptural authority for the assertion that Jesus Christ was and is God the Creator, the God who revealed Himself to Adam, Enoch, and all the antediluvial patriarchs and prophets down to Noah; the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob; the God of Israel as a united people, and the God of Ephraim and Judah after the disruption of the Hebrew nation; the God who made Himself known to the prophets from Moses to Malachi; the God of the Old Testament record; and the God of the Nephites. We affirm that Jesus Christ was and is Jehovah, the Eternal One" (Jesus the Christ, 3rd ed. [1916], 32).
Mosiah 13:27–35. The Law of Moses and Jesus Christ
Elder Jeffrey R. Holland of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles taught how the law of Moses relates to the gospel of Jesus Christ:
"The modern reader should not see the Mosaic code—anciently or in modern times—as simply a tedious set of religious rituals slavishly (and sometimes militantly) followed by a stiffnecked people who did not accept the Christ and his gospel. This historic covenant, given by the hand of God himself … was … a guide to spirituality, a gateway to Christ. …
"… It is crucial to understand that the law of Moses was overlaid upon, and thereby included, many basic parts of the gospel of Jesus Christ, which had existed before it. It was never intended to be something apart or separated from, and certainly not something antagonistic to, the gospel of Jesus Christ. … Its purpose was never to have been different from the higher law. Both were to bring people to Christ" (Christ and the New Covenant [1997], 136–37, 147).
Mosiah 14:1–12. Isaiah's Messianic Prophecy
To powerfully teach the importance of the Atonement, Abinadi quoted from the writings of Isaiah. Elder Jeffrey R. Holland explained the significance of Isaiah 53 (Mosiah 14) as a witness of the Savior's role: "Surely the most sublime, the lengthiest and most lyrical declaration of the life, death, and atoning sacrifice of the Lord Jesus Christ is that found in the 53rd chapter of Isaiah, quoted in its entirety in the Book of Mormon by Abinadi as he stood in chains before King Noah" (Christ and the New Covenant, 89).
Mosiah 14:5. "With His Stripes We Are Healed"
In reference to the suffering of Jesus Christ during the Atonement and its healing power, Elder M. Russell Ballard shared the following:
"What peace, what comfort this great gift is which comes through the loving grace of Jesus Christ, the Savior and Redeemer of all mankind. …
"… Even though His life was pure and free of sin, He paid the ultimate penalty for sin—yours, mine, and everyone's who has ever lived. His mental, emotional, and spiritual anguish were so great they caused Him to bleed from every pore (see Luke 22:44; D&C 19:18). And yet Jesus suffered willingly so we might all have the opportunity to be washed clean—through having faith in Him. … Without the Atonement of the Lord, none of these blessings would be available to us, and we could not become worthy and prepared to return to dwell in the presence of God" (in Conference Report, Apr. 2004, 86–87; or Ensign, May 2004, 84–85).
Mosiah 15:1–7. How Christ Is Both the Father and the Son
Sometimes the scriptures refer to Jesus Christ by using the title "Father." Elder M. Russell Ballard explained why Jesus Christ is sometimes referred to as both the Father and the Son:
"How can Jesus Christ be both the Father and the Son? It really isn't as complicated as it sounds. Though He is the Son of God, He is the head of the Church, which is the family of believers. When we are spiritually born again, we are adopted into His family. He becomes our Father or leader. …
"In no way does this doctrine denigrate the role of God the Father. Rather, we believe it enhances our understanding of the role of God the Son, our Savior, Jesus Christ. God our Heavenly Father is the Father of our spirits; we speak of God the Son as the Father of the righteous. He is regarded as the 'Father' because of the relationship between Him and those who accept His gospel, thereby becoming heirs of eternal life. And the third member of the Godhead, God the Holy Ghost, has the specific mission to teach and to testify of truth as it pertains to the divinity of both God the Father and God the Son" ("Building Bridges of Understanding," Ensign, June 1998, 66–67).
On June 30, 1916, under the leadership of President Joseph F. Smith, the Brethren set forth a detailed statement on the Father and the Son entitled "The Father and the Son: A Doctrinal Exposition by the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles." A portion of this exposition explains how Jesus Christ is identified in the scriptures as both the "Son" and at times as the "Father":
"'Father' as Creator. … Scriptures that refer to God in any way as the Father of the heavens and the earth are to be understood as signifying that God is the Maker, the Organizer, the Creator of the heavens and the earth.
"With this meaning, as the context shows in every case, Jehovah, who is Jesus Christ the Son of Elohim, is called 'the Father,' and even 'the very Eternal Father of heaven and of earth' [see Ether 4:7; Alma 11:38–39; Mosiah 15:4; 16:15]. …
"Jesus Christ the 'Father' of Those Who Abide in His Gospel. [Another] sense in which Jesus Christ is regarded as the 'Father' has reference to the relationship between Him and those who accept His gospel and thereby become heirs of eternal life. …
"To His faithful servants in the present dispensation the Lord has said, 'Fear not, little children, for you are mine, and I have overcome the world, and you are of them that my Father hath given me' (D&C 50:41). …
"Jesus Christ the 'Father' by Divine Investiture of Authority. … Jesus the Son has represented and yet represents Elohim His Father in power and authority. … Thus the Father placed His name upon the Son; and Jesus Christ spoke and ministered in and through the Father's name; and so far as power, authority, and godship are concerned His words and acts were and are those of the Father" ("The Father and The Son," Ensign, Apr. 2002, 14–15, 17).
Mosiah 15:10–13. The Seed of Christ
Elder Dallin H. Oaks explained how one becomes a son or daughter of Jesus Christ: "In these great scriptures from the Book of Mormon, we learn that those who are qualified by faith and repentance and compliance with the laws and ordinances of the gospel will have their sins borne by the Lord Jesus Christ. In spiritual and figurative terms they will become the sons and daughters of Christ, heirs to his kingdom. These are they who will be called by his name in the last day" (in Conference Report, Apr. 1985, 104; or Ensign, May 1985, 82).
While serving as Presiding Bishop, Elder Merrill J. Bateman described how Jesus would see His seed: "The Savior, as a member of the Godhead, knows each of us personally. Isaiah and the prophet Abinadi said that when Christ would 'make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed' (Isaiah 53:10; compare Mosiah 15:10). Abinadi explains that 'his seed' are the righteous, those who follow the prophets (see Mosiah 15:11). In the garden and on the cross, Jesus saw each of us and not only bore our sins but also experienced our deepest feelings so he would know how to comfort and strengthen us" (in Conference Report, Apr. 1995, 15–16; or Ensign, May 1995, 14).
Mosiah 15:13–20. How Beautiful Are the Feet
Paraphrasing Isaiah, Abinadi extolled the great blessings that have come and will come to all the holy prophets who publish peace (see Mosiah 15:15–17) and to the Savior, who "is the founder of peace" (see Mosiah 15:18). That peaceful message is that the Redeemer would come and indeed has come to redeem his people from sin and has brought to pass the resurrection of the dead (see Mosiah 15:18, 20).
While serving in the Seventy, Elder Carlos E. Asay (1926–99) shared an insight into the imagery of this statement from Isaiah:
"No one is more beautiful or more blessed than those who serve God by preaching and exemplifying the truth. It is the most sanctifying and beautifying labor of all! …
"The feet, the voices, the faces, and the whole being of those preachers who share saving truths will always be precious and beautiful to new converts, especially to those who have suffered in their sins. In the eyes of those who have learned of Christ and of his power to save, there are few if any blemishes in the missionaries who walked long distances to bring the gospel message" (The Seven M's of Missionary Service [1996], 135–36).
Mosiah 15:20–31. The First Resurrection
Jesus Christ was the first person on this earth to be resurrected. Consequently, the period of time referred to in the scriptures as the First Resurrection commenced with His triumph over the grave and continues through the Millennium. Abinadi taught that those who would come forth in the First Resurrection would include "the prophets, and all those that have believed in their words" (Mosiah 15:22), those who have died in ignorance without having "salvation declared unto them" (Mosiah 15:24; see also D&C 45:54), and little children who die before they are accountable (see Mosiah 15:25; Moroni 8:1–24).
Mosiah 15:25. Little Children Have Eternal Life
Concerning the salvation of little children, the Prophet Joseph Smith (1805–44) taught, "Children will be enthroned in the presence of God and the Lamb … ; they will there enjoy the fullness of that light, glory and intelligence, which is prepared in the celestial kingdom" (History of the Church, 4:555–56).
Mosiah 17:6–20. The Example of Abinadi
Elder Robert D. Hales of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles emphasized the need to follow the example of Abinadi's courage in keeping the commandments:
"What a powerful example Abinadi should be to all of us! He courageously obeyed the Lord's commandments—even though it cost him his life!
"Prophets of all dispensations have willingly put their lives on the line and, with courage, have done the will and proclaimed the word of God.
"The Prophet Joseph Smith went 'like a lamb to the slaughter' (D&C 135:4), never wavering as he fulfilled the Lord's commandments.
"And think of our Savior's example. … He endured to the end, fulfilling His divine mission and completing the atoning sacrifice for all mankind.
"… Let us follow the example of our Lord Jesus Christ and His prophets, past and present. It may not be required of us to give our lives as martyrs, as did many of the prophets. What is required is our obedience to the Lord's commandments and our faithfulness to the covenants we have made with Him" (in Conference Report, Apr. 1996, 49; or Ensign, May 1996, 35).
Points to Ponder
What do you think it means to have the Lord's commandments "written in your hearts"? (Mosiah 13:11).
Why is it important to know that the Savior was and is a God? How should this knowledge affect our faith in His ability to save us?
How can you live a righteous life regardless of the wickedness that is all around?
Suggested Assignments
As you read through Mosiah 12:34–13:24, find and mark each of the Ten Commandments. Choose one of these commandments to obey more fully. Record in your journal how you will accomplish this.
Read Mosiah 14 and compare it with Mosiah 3:7–8. Write a one-page summary of Mosiah 14 in your own words, or write a one-page testimony of what the Savior means to you.


text:
Volunteers sandbag the river Sava near Belgrade |
If you thought Twitter was only for internet marketers, sports nuts, and celebrity hounds who keep up with the Kardashians and their ilk, think again. During the past week's horrific, once in a century, floods in Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia, Twitter has been the vehicle that has saved lives,organized volunteers, and gotten everything from baby food to helicopters to where the need was. According to Serbian news sources, Twitter is responsible for saving at least 1500 lives. I, for one, am not surprised.
Twitter has fueled everything from flash mobs to the Arab Spring to Occupy Wall Street; not to mention putting the word " hashtag" into the English language. Twitter has changed the world, a fact which my generation seems largely unaware of, but which the Millennials have embraced wholeheartedly. It seems that the young people of the former Yugoslavia have united on Twitter to face this current emergency together. When you consider that just a generation ago, their parents were killing each other wholesale over territorial boundaries and religious beliefs, while littering the countryside with landmines, this is an absolute miracle. The children of war are saving their parents and grandparents and they are doing it on Twitter. They are an example to the world.
Yugoslav solidarity worked just fine for 45 years. Then the fairytale slid into another genre and ended with solidarity being eaten alive by the beast of nationalism. Wars have cleared the path for our crony capitalism with its ideology of social Darwinism: those in need were treated like social parasites and a barrier on the path of "dynamic development" of Balkan states.
Now catastrophe in the former Yugoslavia is in the headlines once again. But this time, we are not killing each other. We are helping each other instead.
There is nothing like Mother Nature flexing her muscles to remind us all of our shared humanity.
Twitter helps those of us who are far away follow the news too. Just check out #FloodSerbia on Twitter and you will get an idea of what people in the Balkans are going through. Much of this feed is in English and there are lots of photos as well. There are also a number of entitiies tweeting about collecting funds for flood victims, but personally, I am too cynical about internet scams to trust everything I see on Twitter so I am sticking with the ones listed below.
How to Donate to Balkan Flood Relief
A Paypal account set up by the Serbian Government has already raised over $150,000 in just one day. You can read about it and donate here This is perhaps the quickest way to make sure your donation gets to people who need it PDQ.UNICEF has also started a fund to help children affected by the flood. This is what I am going with.
The British Red Cross has a special fund for the Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian Floods that you can donate to. I am sure the American Red Cross will get there soon. But at the moment, no special fund exists.
Lastly, thoughts, prayers and good wishes don't cost a penny and mean the world.


text:
As a teenager, I was mildly interested to discover in our family Bible that my great-great-great grandfather, Robert Whitehead, was born in 1740. I went on to find that he was a farmer from Ladyland, Kirkbean. Later, I realised that he must have known John Paul Jones, who was born nearby in the same year. Later still, visiting the fascinating little museum in Kirkcudbright, near Kirkbean, I came upon a brass snuff box which had belonged to this great hero, and part-time scoundrel, founder of the American Navy. He had left it to a member of my family, and some years ago, it had been donated to this local museum.
What began as a mild interest became a hobby which evolved into an obsession. I am now, however, like so many around the world, a family history addict.
Names alone do not satisfy our craving..... We need to know exactly when our forebears lived and where, their homes, their jobs, their appearance (if dusty photographs still exist), and above all we seek out what life was like for people who lived in those places at those times.
Genealogy is all about links - geographical, historical, social.
It is never-ending, but this is a start. I offer stories, not lists.