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Around the Region
Posted on: June 3, 2022
Nashville ranked fourth worst city for bicycles
A recent study ranked Nashville as the fourth worst city for bicycling in the United States.
Additional Info...
Pothole problems? TDOT launches a new hotline to report road issues
Census Bureau names Spring Hill, Tenn. in top 10 cities for population growth
Other News in Around the Region
City of Columbia Receives GM Main Street Grant
Posted on: February 22, 2024
GNRC Meetings for March 2024
Posted on: February 22, 2024
Nashville needs affordable housing. But changing zoning law starts with listening to NIMBYs
Posted on: February 22, 2024
How to celebrate Black History Month in Nashville
Posted on: February 1, 2024
GNRC Meetings for February 2024
Posted on: February 1, 2024
GNRC Front Desk Closed Due to Weather
Posted on: January 15, 2024
GNRC Meetings for January 2024
Posted on: January 2, 2024
GNRC Meetings for December 2023
Posted on: November 30, 2023
GNRC Meetings for November 2023
Posted on: November 3, 2023
GNRC Hosts Annual Partnership Luncheon, Honors Award Recipients
Posted on: September 28, 2023
GNRC Meetings for October 2023
Posted on: October 2, 2023
Pedestrians be wary. Memphis, Nashville among worst cities for pedestrian safety
Posted on: August 30, 2023
Rutherford County Commission backs $20M solid waste plan
Posted on: September 12, 2023
Carbon Reduction Program - Call for Projects
Posted on: August 16, 2023
U.S. EDA Invests $2 Million to Capitalize a RLF and Support Small Business in Middle Tennessee
Posted on: July 12, 2023
Nashville Mayoral Candidate Forum on Transportation
Posted on: June 19, 2023
New Tennessee laws that take effect July 1, 2023
Posted on: June 26, 2023
Where are shelters for people waiting for the bus in Nashville?
Posted on: May 12, 2023
Faster downtown-airport transit route could win $15M jumpstart in Metro's next budget
Posted on: May 4, 2023
Trash fees going up? Murfreesboro monthly bills may rise by $2 yearly to $23.50 by 2030
Posted on: May 11, 2023
Justin Jones rejoins TN legislature after Nashville Council vote
Posted on: April 10, 2023
New Grant Opportunities Announced!
Posted on: April 3, 2023
Biden-Harris Administration Announces Availability of Nearly $8.9 Million for Tribal Transit Project
Posted on: March 28, 2023
Tennessee Senate passes governor's $3 billion transportation plan
Posted on: March 23, 2023
Transit Alliance of Middle Tennessee hosts community listening sessions to find solutions
Posted on: March 13, 2023
GNRC Seeking Public Comment on FY23-26 TIP
Posted on: March 2, 2023
Unprecedented growth spurs need for better infrastructure in Tennessee
Posted on: February 16, 2023
Critics dissatisfied with plan to replace Broadway viaduct
Posted on: January 23, 2023
A Tennessee commission is studying passenger rail potential. Here's what to know.
Posted on: February 2, 2023
Will Amtrak return to Nashville?
Posted on: February 8, 2023
TDOT: Road projects take 15 years to complete on average
Posted on: November 18, 2022
GNRC Seeking Public Comment on FY23-26 TIP
Posted on: October 31, 2022
Sweeping plan to turn downtown Nashville's East Bank to face the river scores win
Posted on: October 7, 2022
GNRC Talks Aging and Disability Services on MorningLine
Posted on: September 22, 2022
The future of cycling in Nashville
Posted on: September 30, 2022
Nashville's East Bank redevelopment plan looks ambitious, but are transportation ideas...
Posted on: September 26, 2022
TDOT begins 5-year project to move Donelson Pike
Posted on: September 23, 2022
Middle Tennessee counties had a 25% population growth since 2010
Posted on: August 26, 2022
Key takeaways from Nashville's sprawling downtown expansion plan
Posted on: August 23, 2022
Biggest in city history, planners propose redevelopment of Nashville's East Bank
Posted on: August 22, 2022
Growth continues at Bear Creek, Nashville Highway amid infrastructure needs
Posted on: August 22, 2022
TN ECD Announces Site Development Grant Opportunity
Posted on: August 16, 2022
GNRC Seeking Public Comment on TIP and UPWP Amendments
Posted on: August 5, 2022
WeGo Public Transit wants to hear from you on proposed transit changes
Posted on: July 12, 2022
More than $1 million going towards pedestrian improvement in Nashville
Posted on: July 7, 2022
Citizens input sought for Dickson County growth plan at public meetings
Posted on: June 28, 2022
Pothole problems? TDOT launches a new hotline to report road issues
Posted on: June 22, 2022
Census Bureau names Spring Hill, Tenn. in top 10 cities for population growth
Posted on: May 31, 2022
'Connect Downtown' project aims to ease navigating downtown and manage traffic congestion
Posted on: May 5, 2022
Thousands more people are moving out of Nashville than moving in, report shows
Posted on: May 4, 2022
Rutherford County announces meetings dealing with growth
Posted on: May 3, 2022
Vanderbilt Poll: More than half say Nashville is on the wrong track amid worries over growth
Posted on: April 28, 2022
Nearly $140 million in bipartisan funding coming to aid transportation, climate investments in TN
Posted on: April 26, 2022
Promise Land leaders, Dickson Co. mayor team up for preservation campaign
Posted on: April 25, 2022
Homeownership is 'unaffordable' in most Middle Tennessee counties according to new report
Posted on: April 19, 2022
Lawmakers discuss new resolution for Rutherford Co. landfill
Posted on: April 11, 2022
Developers of $2.5 billion North Nashville community submit rezoning request
Posted on: April 5, 2022
WeGo opens new Hillsboro Transit Center in Green Hills
Posted on: March 31, 2022
Enchanted theme park eyeing Hendersonville, Tennessee for possible location
Posted on: March 31, 2022
Tennessee expected to grow by 1 million people next 20 years, mostly in Nashville region
Posted on: March 24, 2022
With rising gas prices some people turn to public transportation
Posted on: March 10, 2022
Murfreesboro Pushes for Authority in Proposed 100-Acre Landfill
Posted on: March 10, 2022
GNRC to Host Public Hearing on Area Plan
Posted on: March 1, 2022
Another Tech Company invests $950K in move to Nashville
Posted on: February 24, 2022
NDOT announces 5-year update to make Nashville more walkable, bikeable
Posted on: February 23, 2022
Lawmakers push to expand Amtrak to connect major cities in Tennessee
Posted on: February 22, 2022
Chick-fil-A bringing new distribution center to Tennessee
Posted on: February 18, 2022
20 Fastest Growing Cities in TN
Posted on: February 8, 2022
WeGo Public Transit launches mobile app to make paying easier
Posted on: February 7, 2022
Green Hills Growth in the works
Posted on: January 31, 2022
300-plus jobs: PennyMac Financial Services spending $4 million to open in Franklin
Posted on: January 28, 2022
Long-Term Care Ombudsman program needs Sumner volunteers
Posted on: January 27, 2022
Fiberon to Establish Operations in Maury County
Posted on: January 26, 2022
Nashville transportation advisor Faye DiMassimo announces departure
Posted on: January 25, 2022
Dickson County's direct 840 connector route project still moving along
Posted on: January 25, 2022
Nashville secures federal funding for new traffic management center, pending Metro Council approval
Posted on: January 21, 2022
Nashville curbside recycling pickup to resume Feb. 1, mayor announces
Posted on: January 19, 2022
NDOT, mayor looking for feedback on traffic plan
Posted on: January 14, 2022
Tennessee to receive $302 Million from Department of Transportation bridge investment
Posted on: January 14, 2022
REI Co-op to establish distribution center in Lebanon, creating 280 new jobs
Posted on: January 12, 2022
No more waiting for vehicle emissions tests: Program to end early February in Davidson County
Posted on: January 5, 2022
Nashville mayor announces housing director hire
Posted on: December 23, 2021
Nashville suspends recycling pickup services as trash collection woes sap Metro resources
Posted on: December 21, 2021
A new grocery chain is making moves in Tennessee, with a major hub in Nashville
Posted on: December 20, 2021
Brentwood's new inclusive playground at Granny White Park
Posted on: December 15, 2021
Legacy Sports to invest $350 million in expansive venue in Murfreesboro
Posted on: December 10, 2021
Walmart to open fulfillment center in Lebanon; to create 300 jobs
Posted on: December 9, 2021
HHS and HUD announce expanded partnership
Posted on: December 9, 2021
Nashville mayor unveils vision for Second Avenue's future
Posted on: December 8, 2021
Facebook invests in Gallatin with workforce development plan
Posted on: December 8, 2021
Much needed road work coming to Jefferson Street
Posted on: December 7, 2021
Nolensville mayor, residents at odds over proposed development
Posted on: December 7, 2021
Gallatin applies for greenway grant
Posted on: December 7, 2021
North Nashville condo project to break ground summer 2022
Posted on: December 7, 2021
Luxury motor coach company to build in Lebanon with jobs averaging $72K annually
Posted on: December 7, 2021
Mayor of Gallatin Elected President of Regional Council, Smyrna Mayor Honored
Posted on: October 5, 2021
Millersville development: Bethel Ridge plan is to build 292 homes with commercial piece
Posted on: August 17, 2021
Amazon confirms $100M distribution hub in Clarksville, totaling 1 million square feet
Posted on: August 18, 2021
White House development: Plan to build 400 homes moves ahead, will add to city's sharp growth
Posted on: September 1, 2021
Participants Needed for Transportation Focus Groups
Posted on: July 19, 2021
Murfreesboro officials opposing landfill expansion seek $55K waste-to-energy study
Posted on: July 12, 2021
More development, second Amazon site coming to Wilson County's Speedway Industrial Park
Posted on: June 30, 2021
Tennessee traffic deaths up 26% during pandemic despite fewer commuters
Posted on: June 24, 2021
Advanex Americas to relocate headquarters, brings more than 100 jobs to Robertson Coun
Posted on: June 20, 2021
While battles loom over landfills, Middle Tennessee hurtles toward a trash crisis
Posted on: May 28, 2021
SBA Announces $28.6 Billion Restaurant Revitalization Fund
Posted on: April 28, 2021
Tennessee embraces Amtrak's rail expansion vision
Posted on: April 16, 2021
Middle Tennessee Mayors Adopt Update to Regional Transportation Plan
Posted on: February 18, 2021
GNRC Office Closed, Agency Staff Working Remotely
Posted on: February 16, 2021
RTP Presentation Available, Small Group Sessions Scheduled
Posted on: February 8, 2021
Regional Transportation Plan Released for Public Review, Adoption Hearing Set
Posted on: January 26, 2021
Hendersonville board begins discussions on new COO position
Posted on: January 21, 2021
Burns' 200-year-old Lonesome cabin considered for national Historic Places site
Posted on: January 25, 2021
Amazon dedicates $2 billion for affordable housing in Nashville, Seattle, Arlington
Posted on: January 6, 2021
Nashville Mayor taps 21 for advice on affordable housing budgeting
Posted on: January 12, 2021
Nashville airport aims to bounce back from heavy 2020 losses
Posted on: January 19, 2021
Second Avenue to remain closed for 'some time' as bombing recovery continues
Posted on: January 4, 2021
Nashville Mayor Cooper's contentious $1.6 billion transportation plan approved with edits
Posted on: December 16, 2020
'Smoke and mirrors': Nashville Mayor John Cooper's transit plan gutted by council members
Posted on: December 9, 2020
GNRC Announces 2020 Local Government Awards
Posted on: December 8, 2020
Work continues on Electrolux's $300 million expansion at Springfield factory
Posted on: December 7, 2020
White House development: 330 apartment and townhome units approved add to building flurry
Posted on: December 5, 2020
Dickson Senior Center closing again, cites COVID increase
Posted on: December 4, 2020
Lebanon road projects: Where I-40, S.R. 109 and traffic light upgrades stand
Posted on: December 4, 2020
GNRC to Invest$2.49 Million in Small Businesses
Posted on: November 19, 2020
TDOT breaks ground on Williamson County State Route 96 widening project
Posted on: November 18, 2020
Going Green: New Nashville ordinance updates building codes, energy standards
Posted on: November 6, 2020
I-65 in Nashville to close for bridge repair this weekend
Posted on: October 30, 2020
SmileDirectClub to open $34M manufacturing plant in Columbia, adding 600 new jobs
Posted on: September 18, 2020
Gov. Lee Announces Expanded Small Business Relief
Posted on: August 14, 2020
Amazon to open delivery stations in Wilson, Rutherford counties; to bring 'hundreds' of jobs
Posted on: August 12, 2020
Facebook is building an $800M data center in Gallatin
Posted on: August 12, 2020
Nashville will give $10 million in rent and mortgage payments to residents in need
Posted on: August 4, 2020
Metro Public Works to take over more trash routes as complaints with contractor continue
Posted on: July 31, 2020
Kedron Square downtown project in Spring Hill readies first phase
Posted on: July 29, 2020
Metro Schools to start academic year remotely for all students as coronavirus cases mount
Posted on: July 9, 2020
Nashville council passes ordinance allowing businesses to be run out of homes
Posted on: July 8, 2020
Nashville to revert to modified version of Phase Two
Posted on: July 2, 2020
19 things you should NOT put in your Nashville curbside recycling bins
Posted on: July 2, 2020
Construction complete on Interstate 440, largest project in TDOT history
Posted on: June 25, 2020
Learn how to recognize, report and prevent elder abuse
Posted on: June 8, 2020
Keenan not Seeking Reelection, Thanks Community for Eight Years of Service
Posted on: May 26, 2020
Nashville Area Chamber and GNRC Release 2019 Vital Signs
Posted on: May 20, 2020
Murfreesboro gets $1.4 million grant to keep Rover bus operations intact
Posted on: May 15, 2020
Spurred by coronavirus, BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee pledges to cover telehealth from now on
Posted on: May 14, 2020
Arts Build Communities (ABC) Grant Applications Now Open
Posted on: April 1, 2020
2020 Census Day: What you need to know about the 2020 census
Posted on: April 1, 2020
GNRC Offices Open, March Board Meetings Canceled
Posted on: March 16, 2020
Williamson planning commission casts final approval for Williamson 2040 land use plan
Posted on: March 13, 2020
GNRC Main Office Open - Limited Phone Service
Posted on: March 9, 2020
Mayor Jason Cole, La Vergne, highlights jobs in state of city
Posted on: March 9, 2020
GNRC Offices Operating at Limited Capacity
Posted on: March 4, 2020
After one year of work on I-440, TDOT officials say progress is on budget and on time
Posted on: February 27, 2020
Nashville has second-hottest job market in US
Posted on: February 24, 2020
Nashville's population explosion has abruptly slowed, as newcomers settle elsewhere in the region
Posted on: February 20, 2020
Spirit Airlines to bring operations center, 345 jobs to Williamson County
Posted on: February 14, 2020
Across Tennessee, affordable housing is becoming harder to find
Posted on: February 13, 2020
Nashville wage growth outpaces peer cities, takes top U.S. spot in survey
Posted on: February 11, 2020
One of Brentwood's last farms could become a new park
Posted on: February 10, 2020
What to Do About Nashville's Growing Trash Problem
Posted on: February 6, 2020
As Williamson building permits spike, vote on density approaches
Posted on: February 5, 2020
Work begins on long-awaited downtown bike lane, but hurdles remain
Posted on: February 4, 2020
Rural development patterns, growth boundaries could change as county manages growth
Posted on: January 30, 2020
GNRC Mayors Declare 2020 The Year of Transportation
Posted on: January 30, 2020
Bike Walk Brentwood shows support for upcoming bike lane study on Granny White Pike
Posted on: January 29, 2020
Mayors gather at Breakfast with the Mayors to talk about their communities, especially growth
Posted on: January 29, 2020
Cherry Lane extension to I-840 'most important project' for Murfreesboro roads, official says
Posted on: January 24, 2020
Report: 2018 transit plan failed due to rushed, insular planning and other things
Posted on: January 23, 2020
City enters next phase of 25-year growth plan
Posted on: January 21, 2020
Study shows regional approach possible for transit
Posted on: January 15, 2020
Gallatin receives $96K grant for economic development
Posted on: January 14, 2020
La Vergne saves $150,000 with fire truck master mechanics
Posted on: January 10, 2020
Growth is 'getting serious': County mayor urges commissioners to make wise land use decisions
Posted on: January 7, 2020
Spring Hill awarded $3,000 grant from governor's office for Healthier Spring Hill initiative
Posted on: January 6, 2020
Murfreesboro's Rucker Lane widening project off busy Franklin Road will start in 2020
Posted on: January 6, 2020
Wilson County attaches sales tax vote to teachers
Posted on: January 6, 2020
As Kroger eyes expansion, city considers tax relief
Posted on: January 6, 2020
Dickson Co. OKs hold on urban rezoning, planning underway
Posted on: January 6, 2020
Amazon bought another Nashville warehouse for maybe a grocery
Posted on: January 2, 2020
The office of the Mayor announces public listening sessions for Metro transportation plan
Posted on: December 18, 2019
$350M development poised to sprout near GM plant
Posted on: December 13, 2019
Study: Tennessee population to grow by over 1 million by 2040, half in midstate
Posted on: December 10, 2019
Where Nashville ranks in the worst US cities for drivers
Posted on: December 9, 2019
Development including housing, office, retail space slated for North Nashville
Posted on: December 5, 2019
Amazon buys land for mammoth 1,200-job hub
Posted on: December 4, 2019
How Nashville commuting cost compares to other major US cities
Posted on: December 3, 2019
9% of Ashland City voters have cast ballots so far. What to know for the municipal election
Posted on: December 2, 2019
Franklin aldermen cool to the idea of e scooters in city limits, citing negative input
Posted on: December 2, 2019
TDOT Receives $16 Million Federal Transit Grant
Posted on: November 27, 2019
What to know about REAL ID and why you might need one soon
Posted on: November 27, 2019
Mitsubishi North America announces permanent headquarters in Franklin
Posted on: November 19, 2019
Lyft removing fleet of scooters from Nashville this month, company says
Posted on: November 15, 2019
Nashville mayor, new director of transportation ride bus to better understand system
Posted on: November 6, 2019
Big Projects, Bigger Commutes
Posted on: November 5, 2019
Rutherford County officials want growth paying for roads to avoid property tax hike
Posted on: November 5, 2019
DMV: Prepare for long waits to get REAL ID before October 2020
Posted on: October 31, 2019
New approach to preserving affordable Nashville homes will target Bordeaux
Posted on: October 31, 2019
Project Sam: Mt. Juliet approves development linked to Amazon
Posted on: October 29, 2019
Research and Resources For a Greying America
Posted on: October 28, 2019
Gallatin Chamber announces inaugural class of Leadership Gallatin
Posted on: October 28, 2019
Nashville leads the nation in hotel growth. But how many more hotels can the economy support?
Posted on: October 28, 2019
Mayor: Gallatin 'growing too rapidly,' still has 'bright' future
Posted on: October 24, 2019
Agero to add 275 jobs at Clarksville call center
Posted on: October 24, 2019
Special committee aims to bring more sidewalks to Nashville
Posted on: October 16, 2019
Medicare's Open Enrollment Period is Here
Posted on: October 15, 2019
Belmont University will host 2020 presidential debate
Posted on: October 11, 2019
Mayor Cooper names new Transportation & Infrastructure Adviser
Posted on: October 9, 2019
How Nashville's cost of living compares to biggest US cities (Analysis)
Posted on: October 7, 2019
Free buses cut as part of WeGo Public Transit system restructuring
Posted on: September 30, 2019
Nashville's boom is great — but not equitable, business leaders say at annual Chamber meeting
Posted on: September 27, 2019
Nashville rents 8th-fastest growing among nation's largest cities per report
Posted on: September 27, 2019
Nashville traffic woes continue: I-24 in downtown loop to close this weekend for bridge repairs
Posted on: September 26, 2019
1,000 jobs among new details revealed as Mt. Juliet's Project Sam takes step toward approval
Posted on: September 23, 2019
I-65, 440 interchange closure expected to cause traffic backup
Posted on: September 18, 2019
Over the last 10 years Williamson County has become a magnet for corporate headquarters
Posted on: September 16, 2019
New payment system, upgrades coming to WeGo Star
Posted on: September 16, 2019
Clarksville tops "Best Places To Live" list
Posted on: September 16, 2019
Smyrna Town Council approves zoning for $50 million apartment complex
Posted on: September 12, 2019
Requests sought for Spring Hill's neighborhood sidewalk program
Posted on: September 10, 2019
Clarksville in the midst of dramatic change
Posted on: September 3, 2019
Clarksville receives $1.82M grant for pedestrian bridge
Posted on: September 3, 2019
Thompson's Station adopts new Major Thoroughfare Plan, putting Columbia Pike widening project on hor
Posted on: August 30, 2019
TMA Group announces board officers
Posted on: August 28, 2019
Franklin Transit to suspend services on Labor Day
Posted on: August 28, 2019
Cheatham Commissioners rescind impact fee hike amid push-back
Posted on: August 27, 2019
TDOT construction project will modify and reconstruct existing ramps in Antioch
Posted on: August 26, 2019
42 road projects among $780.8 million Murfreesboro capital improvement plans
Posted on: August 22, 2019
Gallatin buys land in multi-million dollar project to keep it from developers, slow growth
Posted on: August 22, 2019
Sumner County approves 17% property tax increase, $4,000 school employee raise
Posted on: August 20, 2019
Women's Right to Vote: Nashville commemorates 19th Amendment with yearlong celebration
Posted on: August 16, 2019
Report finds increase in people spending 90 minutes or more commuting to work
Posted on: August 15, 2019
Year-long Centennial Park redesign to start this week
Posted on: August 15, 2019
Visitors to Sumner County spent more than $157 million in 2018
Posted on: August 14, 2019
South Corridor Study enters round two of public input
Posted on: August 14, 2019
Record tourism visits brings in additional $16M to Rutherford County
Posted on: August 13, 2019
South Corridor Study moves into evaluation phase, reveals survey results at FrankTalks
Posted on: August 13, 2019
I-440 over I-65 interchange to be closed September 20-23 for I-440 restoration project
Posted on: August 9, 2019
Ashland City was incorporated 160 years ago.
Posted on: August 9, 2019
$1.2 million secured for barriers on Natchez Trace Bridge, construction expected to begin 2023
Posted on: August 7, 2019
Walk Bike Nashville says first seven months of 2019 deadliest for pedestrians
Posted on: August 6, 2019
Lebanon increases property tax despite last-minute proposal
Posted on: August 1, 2019
Cheatham County seeing rapid growth, development as a result of midstate boom
Posted on: July 31, 2019
I-24 downtown to close this weekend for bridge repairs
Posted on: July 31, 2019
Lebanon hires city traffic engineer
Posted on: July 31, 2019
On track: How a big development is impacting Nashville's transit ridership
Posted on: July 30, 2019
Lebanon hopes to build business momentum, improve safety with town square project
Posted on: July 30, 2019
'All about the money': Murfreesboro residents irritated by heavy industrial zoning plan
Posted on: July 30, 2019
Who pays for Murfreesboro's growth? City leaders weigh the benefits of impact fees on development
Posted on: July 30, 2019
Clarksville is in the youngest county in Tennessee. What makes it a magnet for millennials?
Posted on: July 30, 2019
Hendersonville officials work to correct issues with garbage, limb and brush collection
Posted on: July 29, 2019
Nashville's mayoral race is in the final stretch. Here's why each candidate wants your vote.
Posted on: July 29, 2019
State of the County address outlines Williamson County's successes and challenges
Posted on: July 25, 2019
Franklin Tomorrow presents Mayor Anderson with Legacy Award
Posted on: July 25, 2019
Downtown Nashville could swell to 95,000 employees, increasing demand for space
Posted on: July 23, 2019
Mt. Juliet road updates: Central Pike interchange, traffic lights and sidewalks
Posted on: July 22, 2019
Williamson Co. tourism numbers grow to 1.7 million visitors
Posted on: July 22, 2019
Mack Hatcher extension on schedule to open November 2021
Posted on: July 22, 2019
Cheatham County's proposed budget includes 6% tax increase. Here are some other key takeaways
Posted on: July 19, 2019
Nashville's cost of living outpaces Atlanta and Charlotte, study finds
Posted on: July 17, 2019
Spring Hill downtown development projected to generate $100 million in revenue for city over 20 yrs
Posted on: July 16, 2019
As 'plastic-free' movement grows, package-free shop opens up in East Nashville
Posted on: July 15, 2019
New director of Conexion Americas has been fighting for immigrants all her life
Posted on: July 5, 2019
More younger people forced to step into caregiver role amid earlier Alzheimer's diagnoses
Posted on: July 2, 2019
Cheatham officials approve $4.2 million in schools capital projects funding
Posted on: May 23, 2019
Hendersonville residents will likely see a tax increase. But will they pay more money?
Posted on: June 24, 2019
Fairview manager: City must 'embrace residential growth' to sustain services
Posted on: June 19, 2019
White House votes to borrow $10M for City Hall, Community Center
Posted on: February 28, 2019
Blackburn's Nashville office will open Mar. 1
Posted on: February 28, 2019
Historic Ferguson Hall proposed to become a hotel as part of development
Posted on: February 28, 2019
Here's where Nashvillians ride transit — and where they still won't
Posted on: February 28, 2019
Gallatin joins other Middle Tennessee cities in seeking solutions to landfills reaching capacity
Posted on: February 28, 2019
Williamson County School starts program for students with disabilities and their siblings
Posted on: February 28, 2019
New and expanding businesses add 420-plus jobs in Gallatin
Posted on: February 28, 2019
Hendersonville Senior Center Director among nominees for Chamber award
Posted on: February 28, 2019
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text: 1 2Concurrency Managed Workqueue (cmwq) 3 4September, 2010 Tejun Heo <email@example.com> 5 Florian Mickler <email@example.com> 6 7CONTENTS 8 91. Introduction 102. Why cmwq? 113. The Design 124. Application Programming Interface (API) 135. Example Execution Scenarios 146. Guidelines 157. Debugging 16 17 181. Introduction 19 20There are many cases where an asynchronous process execution context 21is needed and the workqueue (wq) API is the most commonly used 22mechanism for such cases. 23 24When such an asynchronous execution context is needed, a work item 25describing which function to execute is put on a queue. An 26independent thread serves as the asynchronous execution context. The 27queue is called workqueue and the thread is called worker. 28 29While there are work items on the workqueue the worker executes the 30functions associated with the work items one after the other. When 31there is no work item left on the workqueue the worker becomes idle. 32When a new work item gets queued, the worker begins executing again. 33 34 352. Why cmwq? 36 37In the original wq implementation, a multi threaded (MT) wq had one 38worker thread per CPU and a single threaded (ST) wq had one worker 39thread system-wide. A single MT wq needed to keep around the same 40number of workers as the number of CPUs. The kernel grew a lot of MT 41wq users over the years and with the number of CPU cores continuously 42rising, some systems saturated the default 32k PID space just booting 43up. 44 45Although MT wq wasted a lot of resource, the level of concurrency 46provided was unsatisfactory. The limitation was common to both ST and 47MT wq albeit less severe on MT. Each wq maintained its own separate 48worker pool. A MT wq could provide only one execution context per CPU 49while a ST wq one for the whole system. Work items had to compete for 50those very limited execution contexts leading to various problems 51including proneness to deadlocks around the single execution context. 52 53The tension between the provided level of concurrency and resource 54usage also forced its users to make unnecessary tradeoffs like libata 55choosing to use ST wq for polling PIOs and accepting an unnecessary 56limitation that no two polling PIOs can progress at the same time. As 57MT wq don't provide much better concurrency, users which require 58higher level of concurrency, like async or fscache, had to implement 59their own thread pool. 60 61Concurrency Managed Workqueue (cmwq) is a reimplementation of wq with 62focus on the following goals. 63 64* Maintain compatibility with the original workqueue API. 65 66* Use per-CPU unified worker pools shared by all wq to provide 67 flexible level of concurrency on demand without wasting a lot of 68 resource. 69 70* Automatically regulate worker pool and level of concurrency so that 71 the API users don't need to worry about such details. 72 73 743. The Design 75 76In order to ease the asynchronous execution of functions a new 77abstraction, the work item, is introduced. 78 79A work item is a simple struct that holds a pointer to the function 80that is to be executed asynchronously. Whenever a driver or subsystem 81wants a function to be executed asynchronously it has to set up a work 82item pointing to that function and queue that work item on a 83workqueue. 84 85Special purpose threads, called worker threads, execute the functions 86off of the queue, one after the other. If no work is queued, the 87worker threads become idle. These worker threads are managed in so 88called thread-pools. 89 90The cmwq design differentiates between the user-facing workqueues that 91subsystems and drivers queue work items on and the backend mechanism 92which manages thread-pools and processes the queued work items. 93 94The backend is called gcwq. There is one gcwq for each possible CPU 95and one gcwq to serve work items queued on unbound workqueues. Each 96gcwq has two thread-pools - one for normal work items and the other 97for high priority ones. 98 99Subsystems and drivers can create and queue work items through special 100workqueue API functions as they see fit. They can influence some 101aspects of the way the work items are executed by setting flags on the 102workqueue they are putting the work item on. These flags include 103things like CPU locality, reentrancy, concurrency limits, priority and 104more. To get a detailed overview refer to the API description of 105alloc_workqueue() below. 106 107When a work item is queued to a workqueue, the target gcwq and 108thread-pool is determined according to the queue parameters and 109workqueue attributes and appended on the shared worklist of the 110thread-pool. For example, unless specifically overridden, a work item 111of a bound workqueue will be queued on the worklist of either normal 112or highpri thread-pool of the gcwq that is associated to the CPU the 113issuer is running on. 114 115For any worker pool implementation, managing the concurrency level 116(how many execution contexts are active) is an important issue. cmwq 117tries to keep the concurrency at a minimal but sufficient level. 118Minimal to save resources and sufficient in that the system is used at 119its full capacity. 120 121Each thread-pool bound to an actual CPU implements concurrency 122management by hooking into the scheduler. The thread-pool is notified 123whenever an active worker wakes up or sleeps and keeps track of the 124number of the currently runnable workers. Generally, work items are 125not expected to hog a CPU and consume many cycles. That means 126maintaining just enough concurrency to prevent work processing from 127stalling should be optimal. As long as there are one or more runnable 128workers on the CPU, the thread-pool doesn't start execution of a new 129work, but, when the last running worker goes to sleep, it immediately 130schedules a new worker so that the CPU doesn't sit idle while there 131are pending work items. This allows using a minimal number of workers 132without losing execution bandwidth. 133 134Keeping idle workers around doesn't cost other than the memory space 135for kthreads, so cmwq holds onto idle ones for a while before killing 136them. 137 138For an unbound wq, the above concurrency management doesn't apply and 139the thread-pools for the pseudo unbound CPU try to start executing all 140work items as soon as possible. The responsibility of regulating 141concurrency level is on the users. There is also a flag to mark a 142bound wq to ignore the concurrency management. Please refer to the 143API section for details. 144 145Forward progress guarantee relies on that workers can be created when 146more execution contexts are necessary, which in turn is guaranteed 147through the use of rescue workers. All work items which might be used 148on code paths that handle memory reclaim are required to be queued on 149wq's that have a rescue-worker reserved for execution under memory 150pressure. Else it is possible that the thread-pool deadlocks waiting 151for execution contexts to free up. 152 153 1544. Application Programming Interface (API) 155 156alloc_workqueue() allocates a wq. The original create_*workqueue() 157functions are deprecated and scheduled for removal. alloc_workqueue() 158takes three arguments - @name, @flags and @max_active. @name is the 159name of the wq and also used as the name of the rescuer thread if 160there is one. 161 162A wq no longer manages execution resources but serves as a domain for 163forward progress guarantee, flush and work item attributes. @flags 164and @max_active control how work items are assigned execution 165resources, scheduled and executed. 166 167@flags: 168 169 WQ_NON_REENTRANT 170 171 By default, a wq guarantees non-reentrance only on the same 172 CPU. A work item may not be executed concurrently on the same 173 CPU by multiple workers but is allowed to be executed 174 concurrently on multiple CPUs. This flag makes sure 175 non-reentrance is enforced across all CPUs. Work items queued 176 to a non-reentrant wq are guaranteed to be executed by at most 177 one worker system-wide at any given time. 178 179 WQ_UNBOUND 180 181 Work items queued to an unbound wq are served by a special 182 gcwq which hosts workers which are not bound to any specific 183 CPU. This makes the wq behave as a simple execution context 184 provider without concurrency management. The unbound gcwq 185 tries to start execution of work items as soon as possible. 186 Unbound wq sacrifices locality but is useful for the following 187 cases. 188 189 * Wide fluctuation in the concurrency level requirement is 190 expected and using bound wq may end up creating large number 191 of mostly unused workers across different CPUs as the issuer 192 hops through different CPUs. 193 194 * Long running CPU intensive workloads which can be better 195 managed by the system scheduler. 196 197 WQ_FREEZABLE 198 199 A freezable wq participates in the freeze phase of the system 200 suspend operations. Work items on the wq are drained and no 201 new work item starts execution until thawed. 202 203 WQ_MEM_RECLAIM 204 205 All wq which might be used in the memory reclaim paths _MUST_ 206 have this flag set. The wq is guaranteed to have at least one 207 execution context regardless of memory pressure. 208 209 WQ_HIGHPRI 210 211 Work items of a highpri wq are queued to the highpri 212 thread-pool of the target gcwq. Highpri thread-pools are 213 served by worker threads with elevated nice level. 214 215 Note that normal and highpri thread-pools don't interact with 216 each other. Each maintain its separate pool of workers and 217 implements concurrency management among its workers. 218 219 WQ_CPU_INTENSIVE 220 221 Work items of a CPU intensive wq do not contribute to the 222 concurrency level. In other words, runnable CPU intensive 223 work items will not prevent other work items in the same 224 thread-pool from starting execution. This is useful for bound 225 work items which are expected to hog CPU cycles so that their 226 execution is regulated by the system scheduler. 227 228 Although CPU intensive work items don't contribute to the 229 concurrency level, start of their executions is still 230 regulated by the concurrency management and runnable 231 non-CPU-intensive work items can delay execution of CPU 232 intensive work items. 233 234 This flag is meaningless for unbound wq. 235 236@max_active: 237 238@max_active determines the maximum number of execution contexts per 239CPU which can be assigned to the work items of a wq. For example, 240with @max_active of 16, at most 16 work items of the wq can be 241executing at the same time per CPU. 242 243Currently, for a bound wq, the maximum limit for @max_active is 512 244and the default value used when 0 is specified is 256. For an unbound 245wq, the limit is higher of 512 and 4 * num_possible_cpus(). These 246values are chosen sufficiently high such that they are not the 247limiting factor while providing protection in runaway cases. 248 249The number of active work items of a wq is usually regulated by the 250users of the wq, more specifically, by how many work items the users 251may queue at the same time. Unless there is a specific need for 252throttling the number of active work items, specifying '0' is 253recommended. 254 255Some users depend on the strict execution ordering of ST wq. The 256combination of @max_active of 1 and WQ_UNBOUND is used to achieve this 257behavior. Work items on such wq are always queued to the unbound gcwq 258and only one work item can be active at any given time thus achieving 259the same ordering property as ST wq. 260 261 2625. Example Execution Scenarios 263 264The following example execution scenarios try to illustrate how cmwq 265behave under different configurations. 266 267 Work items w0, w1, w2 are queued to a bound wq q0 on the same CPU. 268 w0 burns CPU for 5ms then sleeps for 10ms then burns CPU for 5ms 269 again before finishing. w1 and w2 burn CPU for 5ms then sleep for 270 10ms. 271 272Ignoring all other tasks, works and processing overhead, and assuming 273simple FIFO scheduling, the following is one highly simplified version 274of possible sequences of events with the original wq. 275 276 TIME IN MSECS EVENT 277 0 w0 starts and burns CPU 278 5 w0 sleeps 279 15 w0 wakes up and burns CPU 280 20 w0 finishes 281 20 w1 starts and burns CPU 282 25 w1 sleeps 283 35 w1 wakes up and finishes 284 35 w2 starts and burns CPU 285 40 w2 sleeps 286 50 w2 wakes up and finishes 287 288And with cmwq with @max_active >= 3, 289 290 TIME IN MSECS EVENT 291 0 w0 starts and burns CPU 292 5 w0 sleeps 293 5 w1 starts and burns CPU 294 10 w1 sleeps 295 10 w2 starts and burns CPU 296 15 w2 sleeps 297 15 w0 wakes up and burns CPU 298 20 w0 finishes 299 20 w1 wakes up and finishes 300 25 w2 wakes up and finishes 301 302If @max_active == 2, 303 304 TIME IN MSECS EVENT 305 0 w0 starts and burns CPU 306 5 w0 sleeps 307 5 w1 starts and burns CPU 308 10 w1 sleeps 309 15 w0 wakes up and burns CPU 310 20 w0 finishes 311 20 w1 wakes up and finishes 312 20 w2 starts and burns CPU 313 25 w2 sleeps 314 35 w2 wakes up and finishes 315 316Now, let's assume w1 and w2 are queued to a different wq q1 which has 317WQ_CPU_INTENSIVE set, 318 319 TIME IN MSECS EVENT 320 0 w0 starts and burns CPU 321 5 w0 sleeps 322 5 w1 and w2 start and burn CPU 323 10 w1 sleeps 324 15 w2 sleeps 325 15 w0 wakes up and burns CPU 326 20 w0 finishes 327 20 w1 wakes up and finishes 328 25 w2 wakes up and finishes 329 330 3316. Guidelines 332 333* Do not forget to use WQ_MEM_RECLAIM if a wq may process work items 334 which are used during memory reclaim. Each wq with WQ_MEM_RECLAIM 335 set has an execution context reserved for it. If there is 336 dependency among multiple work items used during memory reclaim, 337 they should be queued to separate wq each with WQ_MEM_RECLAIM. 338 339* Unless strict ordering is required, there is no need to use ST wq. 340 341* Unless there is a specific need, using 0 for @max_active is 342 recommended. In most use cases, concurrency level usually stays 343 well under the default limit. 344 345* A wq serves as a domain for forward progress guarantee 346 (WQ_MEM_RECLAIM, flush and work item attributes. Work items which 347 are not involved in memory reclaim and don't need to be flushed as a 348 part of a group of work items, and don't require any special 349 attribute, can use one of the system wq. There is no difference in 350 execution characteristics between using a dedicated wq and a system 351 wq. 352 353* Unless work items are expected to consume a huge amount of CPU 354 cycles, using a bound wq is usually beneficial due to the increased 355 level of locality in wq operations and work item execution. 356 357 3587. Debugging 359 360Because the work functions are executed by generic worker threads 361there are a few tricks needed to shed some light on misbehaving 362workqueue users. 363 364Worker threads show up in the process list as: 365 366root 5671 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 12:07 0:00 [kworker/0:1] 367root 5672 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 12:07 0:00 [kworker/1:2] 368root 5673 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 12:12 0:00 [kworker/0:0] 369root 5674 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 12:13 0:00 [kworker/1:0] 370 371If kworkers are going crazy (using too much cpu), there are two types 372of possible problems: 373 374 1. Something beeing scheduled in rapid succession 375 2. A single work item that consumes lots of cpu cycles 376 377The first one can be tracked using tracing: 378 379 $ echo workqueue:workqueue_queue_work > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_event 380 $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_pipe > out.txt 381 (wait a few secs) 382 ^C 383 384If something is busy looping on work queueing, it would be dominating 385the output and the offender can be determined with the work item 386function. 387 388For the second type of problems it should be possible to just check 389the stack trace of the offending worker thread. 390 391 $ cat /proc/THE_OFFENDING_KWORKER/stack 392 393The work item's function should be trivially visible in the stack 394trace. 395

subset: commoncrawl


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CHAPEL HILL — When college stars like Cole Anthony are injured, they are faced with the question of whether they should they return or just sit out the season to protect their looming draft prospects.
Like Anthony, who has said he plans to return to action with North Carolina, most want to return to the basketball court, which has proven to be a good option — provided they're healthy. Look no further than last year, when Zion Williamson returned to Duke's lineup after a freak injury and went on to become the No. 1 pick in the NBA draft.
The more prospects can showcase how they handle game situations certainly helps in their NBA draft evaluations.
"Seeing them play in a game is always going to be better than an individual workout or 3-on-3," said Ryan Blake, an NBA consultant with a long scouting background said of players in general. "That doesn't mean those aren't important. One of the most important things is getting to know a player, during the drive from the airport to having dinner. … The combine, individual workouts, those are important as well.
"But it's always to get as much intel, and in-game situations, there's so much more that you can get from that, too."
Williamson, fellow No. 1 overall draft pick Kyrie Irving and first-round pick Michael Porter Jr. are some of the highest-profile players who have faced that decision. Each returned to finish his lone college season.
Williamson has yet to play for the NBA's New Orleans Pelicans following surgery on his right knee in October. He recently started full practices and Pelicans executive vice president of basketball operations David Griffin said Wednesday he anticipates Williamson making his NBA debut Jan. 22 against San Antonio barring any setbacks.
As for Anthony, he has been actively cheering on Tar Heels teammates from the bench and offered some hope for UNC fans Tuesday night, replying to an Instagram post: "I will be back soon."
North Carolina has struggled without its point guard, who had arthroscopic surgery Dec. 16 to repair a partially torn meniscus in his right knee. His projected recovery time was 4-6 weeks.
The Tar Heels beat current No. 8 Oregon in the Battle 4 Atlantis with him, but have lost five of seven without him to slide near the bottom of the Atlantic Coast Conference standings. That includes last weekend's first-ever home loss to Clemson in 60 meetings.
Coach Roy Williams said last week Anthony has done some shooting but hasn't practiced.
The coach has outlined a simple plan for Anthony: "I'm going to treat him like he was my son, like I would his want his parents to treat my son."
Williams said no one at North Carolina would push Anthony to return, adding "He's got to feel completely safe about it himself."
But that doesn't stop the question.
The topic of whether a top prospect should return from injury has become more common in recent years amid the NBA draft's minimum age requirement that typically steers a handful of players to college basketball for one season.
It follows a recent trend in college football that has had some NFL prospects skip bowl games rather than risk a career-jeopardizing injury ahead of the draft.
"I think it's an extension of the way we're looking at things so much more in college these days, and it's through an economic prism," said Chris Spatola, a former Army player and Duke director of basketball operations who now is ESPN analyst. "So when you look at it strictly through a static economic prism, it basically comes down to: 'OK, what is he risking in terms of his financial future moving forward?'
"But what you ignore is the human element to this. And I think, to me, … those guys want to play. They want to be a part of their teams, at least for the limited time that they're going to be in college."
It wasn't nearly as much of a discussion nine years ago when Irving went down with a toe injury after just eight games as Duke's freshman point guard. He returned for three NCAA Tournament games before going No. 1 to the Cleveland Cavaliers.
By comparison, that conversation was rolling about Williamson even before he suffered a freak-injury knee sprain that would sideline him for nearly six full games, with NBA Hall of Famer Scottie Pippen among the shut-it-down supporters in an ESPN interview.
But Williamson returned to lead Duke to the Atlantic Coast Conference Tournament championship and the NCAA Elite Eight.
"For people who said I shouldn't return," Williamson said during the ACC trophy presentation, "I couldn't abandon my brothers and coaches like that."
Porter understands that feeling, too.
It was in 2017 when the 6-foot-10 current Denver Nuggets forward arrived at Missouri as a possible No. 1 overall pick, only to play 2 minutes before needing back surgery. He was expected to miss the rest of the season, though he recovered enough to play one game for the Tigers in the Southeastern Conference Tournament, then one in the NCAA Tournament.
Porter fell to No. 14 in the 2018 draft, though he could prove to be an injury-discounted steal for the Nuggets. In an interview with The Associated Press, the rookie who sat out last year to rehab his back was asked what advice he'd give another top pro prospect recovering from injury.
"I would tell him if he feels fully, fully recovered — back to 100% — college is an amazing time of your life," Porter said. "That's going to be some of the most fun you'll ever have. If you can get back out there and be 100%, do that. If you're feeling a little limited, you've got to make sure you're fully recovered."


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A news report that stunned the world nine years ago about the discovery of possible ancient chariot wheels at the bottom of the Red Sea is suddenly gaining fresh attention with new video claiming "irrefutable evidence" that corroborates the find.
In June 2003, WND interviewed Bible enthusiasts who dove the waters of the Red Sea, alleging they found and photographed parts of chariots that may be the actual remains of the catastrophe brought upon the Egyptian army which pursued the Israelites, according to the Book of Exodus in the Bible.
"I am 99.9 percent sure I picked up a chariot wheel," said Peter Elmer, a forklift mechanic from Keynsham, England, who made two diving trips to the Gulf of Aqaba branch of the sea. "It was covered in coral."
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"I believe I actually sat in an ancient chariot cab," he told WND at the time, referring to his time exploring a submerged item in the underwater junkyard. "Without question, it is most definitely the remains of the Egyptian army."
Now, Michael Rood, a Hebrew-roots teacher, has produced a video proffering evidence Elmer is absolutely correct.
TRENDING: Railroaded J6 political prisoner teaching Constitution to hardcore criminals
His DVD, titled "The Red Sea Crossing," documents the work of numerous researchers from the U.S. and overseas who have probed an underwater land bridge between a beachhead at Nuweiba, Egypt, and what is today Saudi Arabia.
"What they found strewn across the bottom of the reed sea has shaken the religious and scientific community," says Rood. "Cameras mounted on remote-controlled submarines revealed coral-encrusted chariot parts, horse and human remains strewn like battlefield wreckage on the bottom of the reed sea."
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He uses the term "reed sea" instead of Red Sea, as that's the literal translation of the words "yam suph" in Holy Scripture, referring to the body of water God miraculously opened for the ancient Israelites to cross on dry land, before drowning the Egyptians in hot pursuit.
"Even a novice can readily see that these are not natural coral formations," Rood said, showing a variety of circular shapes he insists are chariot wheels, some with axles still intact.
He gave special attention to a single gold-veneered, four-spoked chariot wheel that was photographed and buried in place with a marker buoy nearby.
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"Because coral does not attach to gold or silver, this priceless specimen remains untarnished by time," he said, calling it "strong evidence that this is actually one of the two chariot wheels that the pharaoh rode to his death."
Rood also explained giant pillars have been found on both sides of the crossing to mark the event. One was discovered eroded on the Egyptian shore by the late American archaeologist Ron Wyatt. Later, another was located on the Arabian side with "the legible remains of ancient paleo-Hebrew inscriptions."
He says the words for pharaoh, death, Egypt, King Solomon and the sacred name of God, YHWH, are all present on the second pillar.
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"King Solomon, the wisest man who ever lived, knew exactly where the children of Israel made their escape just 500 years before, and so he established pillars to memorialize the yam suph crossing," said Rood.
He points out the depth of water would make it impossible for a crossing to have taken place anywhere with the exception of the shallow land bridge at Nuweiba.
"If the water were to be removed, it would still be impossible to cross this chasm which is as deep and wide as the Grand Canyon in Arizona," Rood said.
"But," he added, "at the beach where Israel camped, an underwater land bridge gently slopes at a 6-degree angle, levels out at about 900 feet, and then gradually rises to meet the western shore of Midian."
For hundreds of years, many have been under the impression that Mount Sinai, the place at which Moses received the Ten Commandments from God, was located on the Sinai peninsula of Egypt. It was Helena, the mother of 4th century Roman emperor Constantine, who made the declaration of its position when she established two churches there.
But if Rood and the other researchers are correct, the real Mount Sinai is actually in Arabia on the eastern side of the Gulf of Aqaba. The New Testament apostle Paul even refers to "Mount Sinai in Arabia" in Galatians 4:25.
"What is so difficult about determining the body of water that Moshe (Moses) crossed?" asks Rood.
"The Bible gives us just one choice, and this is it! I know that Constantine would have you dismembered for implying that his mother picked out the wrong site for Mount Sinai. But Constantine is dead! And so are the traditions that have enslaved our minds to such idiocy that we cannot even read the plain text of the Bible and think for ourselves."
A well-known Swedish scientist who is among the Red Sea researchers believes the waters of Aqaba were indeed split supernaturally.
Lennart Moller of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm told WND there are no natural, scientific explanations for the parting miracle described in Scripture.
"The wind did not separate the water," he said. "No person could be in that wind and survive. ... If God has created all the Earth, it's no problem for Him to separate the water for a while."
Rood says for many people, finding the genuine crossing site is bad news because, "Blissful ignorance has died, and you recognize that the Creator has revealed himself through His people and His prophets. But this is good news to those who truly believe in the God of Israel and obey His commandments.
"Here on the bottom of the [reed sea] rests the evidence that the Creator has acted on behalf of His people in the past, proof that you can count on His promise that in the last days, He will perform a miracle that will make the parting of the reed sea pale by comparison."
A theatrical trailer of "The Red Sea Crossing" DVD can be seen here:


text:
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Sydney ( (listen) SID-nee; Dharug: Gadi; Greater Sydney, Dharug: Eora) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km (43.5 mi) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west, Hawkesbury to the north, the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west. Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs, spread across 33 local government areas. Residents of the city are known as "Sydneysiders". As of June 2020, Sydney's estimated metropolitan population was 5,361,466, meaning the city is home to approximately 66% of the state's population.
Arcadia, Balmoral Beach, Ben Buckler, Bicentennial Park, Bickley Vale, Circular Quay, City of Sydney, Coogee Beach, Cooper Park, Cumberland State Forest, Eastern Suburbs Memorial Park, Elderslie, Lady Martins Beach, Milk Beach, Nielsen Park


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The Center for Southern Folklore will present the Memphis Music & Heritage Festival Saturday, Aug. 31, and Sunday, Sept. 1, from 11 a.m. to 11 p.m. on Main Street between Peabody Place and Union Avenue. The event will include music, food, and arts and crafts vendors. Cost is free. Visit southernfolklore.org for a list of performers.
Eyewear Gallery will host free back-to-school vision screenings Friday, Aug. 30, from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. at the store, 428 Perkins Road Extended. Space is limited. RSVP at 763-2020.
Business and Professional Women of Tennessee members will meet Friday, Aug. 30, at 11:30 a.m. at Jason's Deli, 3743 Poplar Ave., to discuss re-establishing a Memphis chapter. The state organization is an affiliate of the BPW Foundation, an advocate for women on work-life balance and workplace equity issues. Email email@example.com or call 489-5481.
Lipscomb Pitts Breakfast Club will hold a happy hour mixer and opening celebration at Tamp & Tap on Friday, Aug. 30, from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. at the coffee and beer shop in Van Vleet Flats, 122 Gayoso Ave. Cost is Dutch treat. Visit thelpbc.com.
Cochon Heritage BBQ competition and tasting event will be held Friday, Aug. 30, at 5:55 p.m. at Beale Street Landing, at Beale Street and Riverside Drive. Five teams of chefs will each prepare one heritage-breed pig to win audience votes in six categories. Tickets are $125; VIP tickets, which include 5 p.m. entry, are $200. Visit heritagebbq.com.
The Memphis Zoo will host Zoo Brew on Friday, Aug. 30, from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m. at the zoo, 2000 Prentiss Place. The event will include beers from around the world, live music and food. Tickets are $35 for members and $40 for nonmembers; VIP tickets, which include admission to the Teton Trek VIP Lounge, are $55 for members and $60 for nonmembers. Visit memphiszoo.org.
The Orpheum will screen "Rebel Without a Cause," part of the Pat's Picks classic movie series, Friday, Aug. 30, at 7 p.m. at the theater, 203 S. Main St. Tickets are $7 for adults and $5 for children 12 and younger. Visit orpheum-memphis.com.
WLOK will host the 2013 WLOK Stone Soul Picnic, a music festival featuring national and local gospel artists, Saturday, Aug. 31, from 1 p.m. to 10 p.m. at Tom Lee Park, on Riverside Drive Downtown. Cost is free. Visit wlok.com.
Laughs for Le Bonheur, a fundraiser comedy show featuring Gary Owen, Jermaine "Funnymaine" Johnson and Ambrose Jones III, will be held Saturday, Aug. 31, at 7 p.m. at The New Daisy Theatre, 330 Beale St. The event will be hosted by Quincy Pondexter of the Memphis Grizzlies and Thaddeus Young of the Philadelphia 76ers. Tickets start at $50. Visit laughsforlebonheur.org.
The Daily News' offices will be closed Monday, Sept. 2, in observance of Labor Day. Offices will reopen Tuesday, Sept. 3, at 8:30 a.m. and remain open through normal business hours.
Talk Shoppe will meet Wednesday, Sept. 4, from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. at DeVry University, 6401 Poplar Ave., sixth floor. Credit expert Craig Cline will present "How to Improve Your Credit Score." Cost is free. Visit talkshoppe.biz or call Jo Garner at 482-0354.
Memphis Light, Gas & Water Division will hold a board meeting Wednesday, Sept. 4, at 1:30 p.m. in the MLGW board room, 220 S. Main St. Visit mlgw.com.
Cooper Young Night Out will be held Thursday, Sept. 5, from 5 p.m. to 9 p.m. at businesses in the Cooper-Young neighborhood. Visit cooperyoung.biz for a list of activities.
The Mid-South Area Pulmonary Hypertension Support Group will meet Thursday, Sept. 5, at 6 p.m. at Logan's Roadhouse, 2710 N. Germantown Parkway. Keynote speaker Timothy Ballard will present "Insights on Exercise Testing and Exercise in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension" at 7 p.m. RSVP to firstname.lastname@example.com or 463-8688.
The South Main Art Trolley Tour will be held Friday, Aug. 30, from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. in the South Main Historic Arts District. Email email@example.com.
Leadership Memphis Gallery 363 will hold an opening reception for Catherine Erb's inaugural photography exhibit Friday, Aug. 30, from 6 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. at the gallery, 363 S. Main St. The show can also been seen by appointment. Call 452-8033.
Memphis College of Art-Downtown will hold an opening reception for "Blurring Dimensions" Friday, Aug. 30, from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. in Hyde Gallery in the Nesin Graduate Center, 477 S. Main St. Runs through Sept. 20. Visit mca.edu.
Bartlett Performing Arts and Conference Center will host Nate Evans and the Temptations Revue in concert Saturday, Aug. 31, at 8 p.m. at BPACC, 3663 Appling Road. Tickets are $25. Visit bpacc.org or call 385-6440.
Theatre Memphis presents "The Royal Family" through Sept. 1 on the Lohrey Stage, 630 Perkins Road Ext. Visit theatrememphis.org.
Memphis Botanic Garden will hold a meet-and-greet reception for Chantel Barber's "Nature's Portraits" art exhibit Thursday, Sept. 5, from 5:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. in the Visitors Center gallery, 750 Cherry Road. The exhibit will be on display through Sept. 30. Call 636-4100.
The Buckman Arts Center at St. Mary's School presents "Thought=Art," featuring works by Tara Browning, Michael Gravois and Billy Moore, in the Levy Gallery, 60 Perkins Road Extended. The exhibit runs through Sept. 13. Visit buckmanartscenter.com.
The Circuit Playhouse presents Tony Award-winning drama "Red" through Sept. 15, at the theater, 51 S. Cooper St. Buy tickets at playhouseonthesquare.org.
Playhouse on the Square presents "Les Miserables" through Sept. 15 at Playhouse, 66 S. Cooper St. Visit playhouseonthesquare.org.
Eclectic Eye hosts the "Musings of an Unconscious Mind" by Joseph Arthur at the boutique's Midtown showroom, 242 S. Cooper St. The show runs through Sept. 25. Visit eclectic-eye.com.


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The Information System of the Federal Health Monitoring
You are looking for health data.
We offer you more than 3 billion numbers displayed in tables free of charge. The data is derived from more than 100 different sources, among which there are many statistics from the Statistical Offices of the Länder and the federation. There are also data from numerous other institutions from the health sector.
Charts, texts and definitions serve to help interpret the data and complete the information. Data sources are documented with their variables, procurement methods and contact persons. The health data and health information offered is updated on a regular basis and continuously enhanced.
Besides data from and about Germany the information system also offers international tables of the OECD and the WHO.
This trove of information is fully accessible via the topics or the keyword search on the left.
The Information System also offers easy access to all the other products of the Federal Health Monitoring, e.g. the topical booklets of the Federal Health Monitoring and the Health Report for Germany from 2015.


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Answer Key
Mostly A's
We get it: You're a loyal Mile High sports fan. But trust us, there's more to life in this state than stadium seats. Break out of your Broncos-Avs-Nuggets-Rockies routine and try something new this year. Like, you know, actually playing a sport yourself.
Mostly B's
With all the athletic superfreaks running around Colorado, it's no wonder you feel a little self-conscious about your four-hour-a-day television habit. Dump your love seat this year, and go for a hike in the Rockies or a run around Cheesman Park.
Mostly C's
You're hard-wired. Rarely is there a moment you're not attached to some digital screen. Heck, maybe you're reading this on your iPhone or iPad right now. Give your retinas—and brain—a break by making 2014 the year you unplug (at least for a few hours).
Mostly D's
Sure, it's healthy to get out of Dodge every once in a while. But your obsessive out-of-towning means you're missing out on all our state has to offer. Stash the air miles, and make some time to remind yourself why you're the envy of all your friends living outside Colorado.


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The lovely people from Skibz have kindly sent us some of their Feederz Bibs to test and review for them. They look beautiful so we couldn't wait to try them out. Here is what we thought.
Skibz says; "You can't stop a mucky pup being messy at mealtimes but you can cover up with a groovy Feederz bib and be the envy of all your friends! Feederz are the baby brother of the award winning Skibz dribble bib, designed by a British mum who knows a thing or two about combining funky designer looks with practicality."
We were sent the Star Bright & Cow design Feederz bibs which are very bright and eye catching. You get two bibs in each pack and they are suitable from birth. They are made from the highest quality cotton so soft on babies skin but have a PVC backing to stop liquids and food staining your babies clothes underneath. To fasten the bibs around your babies neck there are 2 ties and we simply just tied them into a loose bow around Logan's neck that way he couldn't pull the bib off or choke himself.
So what did we think? Well we really liked these bibs, they are very absorbent! More so than I thought they would be from looking at them first glance. They have lovely patterns and designs and are nice and soft so don't rub on Logan's next. The PVC backing is great, it stops any of Logan's juice or food from soaking into his clothes however we did think that since Logan is 18 months the bibs were a little small and could have been bigger. Since Logan is beginning to feed himself he just drops the food if it doesn't reach his mouth and often falls onto his lap or if it's fruit rolls off the bib!
I think it would be great if the creators of the Feederz bib could make an all-in-one overall bib that covers the arms and some of the lap. That would be a great seller especially since these Feederz bibs are so absorbent! One for the future I think!
As for the ties on the bib they were long enough that you could comfortably tie a bow but were short enough so that no ends where dangling, they were just tied up nicely. Logan sat quite happily to have this bib tied on him however I could see it being a problem if he was having a bit of a wobbly at meal times.
These Feederz bibs come in 5 different designs. There's the star bright & cow design which we were sent, then there's the star bright & blue spot and the vintage rose & fuchsia circles for the girls. All very beautiful and well presented in their packaging.
You can buy your very own pack of Feederz bibs from the Skibz online store RRP £10.00.
Overall really nice bibs, bright funky colours and designs, very absorbent but could be a little bigger and the ties may be a problem with a moody toddler. Great item to give as a gift and perfect for newborns or mums to be going on maternity leave. The only major problem I have is the price, very expensive for two bibs and more of a luxury item than an essential compared to other bibs on the market.
Logan's rating - 8/10
Mummies rating - 6/10
Please visit www.skibz.co.uk for more products and information. You can also see what Skibz get up to on Facebook and Twitter so why not pop over and say hello and tell them The Breastest News sent you.
21 June 2011
Review: Feederz Bibs
Posted by
The Breastest News at Tuesday, June 21, 2011
Labels: baby feeding, baby food, bibs, feederz, feederz review, skibz
Labels: baby feeding, baby food, bibs, feederz, feederz review, skibz
2 comments on "Review: Feederz Bibs"
- bandana bib on 20 August 2011 at 01:33 said...
Love these although I do lurve the style of the bandana dribble bibs
- The Breastest News on 20 August 2011 at 21:16 said...
Thanks for your comment, I've reviewed the Dribble On Bibs as well: http://www.thebreastestnews.co.uk/2011/06/review-sock-ons-dribble-ons.html
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The current workplace reality is that, in response to the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, many companies around the globe have rolled out work-from-home arrangements. As a result, there has been an influx of employees signing in remotely to corporate networks and using cloud-based applications. But this shift could also open doors to security risks and cyber threats.
Security teams and home office users, however, can minimize the risks that come with remote-working setups.
Below are some practical security measures that can be applied to this end:
Use a company laptop for remote work if possible.
Do not use your personal machine as it may have fewer security controls than your company-owned hardware. Work-issued laptops or machines should be for employee use only; other members of your household should not have access to your dedicated work equipment.
If the use of personal equipment cannot be avoided and you have to use your own machine, keep it as close as possible to office security standards.
Use security software provided by your company, follow company data protection measures, and do not mix personal browsing and activities while working.
Use company-designated VPNs and avoid free, public Wi-Fi.
Use the dedicated enterprise VPN servers only on your work laptop or desktop to make the connection between your network and the office's security. But be wary of phishing attacks that steal VPN-related account credentials. If VPN connectivity is not on the table, ensure that data communication is done via encrypted email or Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) encryption.
Remember to back up data.
Follow the 3-2-1 rule in backing up data: Create at least three copies of the data in two different storage formats, with at least one copy located off-site (e.g., provide external SSD or HD drives).
Set up your 2FA.
Many major websites and services are implementing two-factor authentication (2FA). Make sure to have logins set up to not rely on passwords alone (e.g., use authentication mobile apps or biometrics). Passwords have time and again been hacked, leaked, or stolen.
Split networks.
Use a guest network to isolate the company laptop or desktop. If you have a router or switch with a virtual local area network (VLAN) functionality, activate it and dedicate a VLAN for office work only.
Prepare a backup solution at home.
Having backup options (e.g., hardware such as USB hard drives) puts you in a better position when something goes wrong, such as connectivity loss or server failure. For macOS users, Time Machine can be activated to create backups.
Secure the gateway: your router.
The router is the gateway to all internet-connected devices in your home network. Attackers are known to compromise home routers with default credentials that users often neglect to change. It is good practice to regularly change the password for your router as it may have been previously shared with other users. Passwords that are not prone to dictionary attacks are recommended, i.e., those that have more than 12 characters, with a mix of letters, numbers, and special characters.
Likewise, it is important to always update the firmware of your router to the latest version. Routers issued by internet service providers (ISPs) usually have automatic updates, but due diligence can be done through a router's web console, which is accessible using its IP address.
Since kids are also staying at home, likely having their online classes, and other members of the family may also be working remotely, home network security basics such as creating backups and employing a proxy service should be adopted. Create a safer digital environment by employing home network security that not only can block and filter sites but can also protect your network and devices against hackers and web threats.
Protect data against ransomware and theft by enabling Folder Shield.
You can also consider employing router security that allows device management (e.g., disconnecting unwanted devices in the network), controls social media use, blocks inappropriate sites, and sets time limits for device usage.
Protect smartphones.
As with laptops and desktops, make sure phones are updated with their latest firmware versions. Download only legitimate apps from official stores and review the app permissions before installing them. Install a mobile security app to prevent malicious apps or codes from running on phones.
Save bandwidth.
As more users stay and work at home, bandwidth becomes a critical resource. Ensure seamless productivity by reducing consumption in streaming videos and other activities that throttle the bandwidth, especially during work hours.
Discuss the importance of online safety.
Help your family understand the public nature of the internet and its potential dangers. Remind them that they are responsible for ensuring that their online activities are safe and private by securing the way they set up and use their devices.
Setting up a secure remote-working environment is not an overnight job. It requires considerable effort from all people involved, especially in the case of those who are new to telecommuting. The measures laid out here should help companies and employees ease the burden and effectively protect work-from-home setups from cyber threats.
Copyright © 2023 SCORE Association, SCORE.org
Funded, in part, through a Cooperative Agreement with the U.S. Small Business Administration. All opinions, and/or recommendations expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the SBA.


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Advanced Search
Mobile Computing | News
The University of Southern California's Rossier School of Education (MAT@USC) and School of Social Work (MSW@USC) have released an Android app designed to give students access to multimedia materials and intra-school social networks.
Rossier and the School of Social work are online graduate programs "offered via a highly advanced Web-based learning management system that uses robust social networking platforms and face-to-face, 'Skype-like' interactive technology to create a real-time, personal classroom experience," according to information released by the university.
Features of the app include:
"We're definitely pushing the technology envelope with this new mobile app," said Paul Maiden, vice dean at the USC School of Social Work. "Our MSW@USC students are located all over the country on different time zones and have demanding work schedules. Having access to lectures and assignments on your phone takes the idea of mobile learning to a whole new level."
The new apps, along with iOS versions, were developed by TouchAppMedia and are integrated with the 2tor learning management system used by the programs.
The apps are currently available for free on the Android Market for students of either program.
About the Author
Joshua Bolkan is contributing editor for Campus Technology, THE Journal and STEAM Universe. He can be reached at [email protected].
View More Webcasts
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A small box-shaped device with wheels that is moved about by hand over a flat surface and generates signals to control the position of a cursor or pointer on a computer display.
The most popular pointing device. It was called a "mouse†because it more or less resembled one, with the cord being the tail. Although key commands can often substitute, graphical interfaces (GUIs) are designed for pointing devices. However, graphics applications, such as CAD and image editing, demand a pointing device. On a PC, the mouse connects to the PS/2, USB or serial port.
Mouse movement is relative. The cursor moves from its existing location. The mouse could be moved across your arm, and the screen cursor would move as well. The mouse-like object on a graphics tablet, which is correctly called the "tablet cursor†or "puck†is often not relative. It contacts the tablet with absolute reference. Placing it on the upper left part of the tablet moves the screen cursor to the corresponding location.
After years of use, it is now known that mice can be hazardous to your health. Many applications require endless clicking and dragging, which puts a strain on the wrist.
Invented by Doug Engelbart in the early 1960s at Stanford Research Institute (SRI), it used two moving wheels 90 degrees apart. Most mechanical mice are still made this way, but the wheels are inside, and the ball moves the wheels.


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PRIME is an OFDM based power line communication (PLC) technology, which specifies the lower layers of the data communication stack for automatic metering equipment. The technology is specified by the PRIME Alliance. PRIME is currently used for various large-scale smart metering projects in Spain and several pilot projects in other countries. It has also been adopted as a communication profile for the European Open Meter Project, which will pave the way for extensive usage of PRIME as communication standard in future smart metering projects. This one-day course covers the history and scope of PRIME, as well as an elaborate treatment of the technical details of the protocol. Theory will be interspersed with practical examples and exercises.
Please send us an e-mail if you are interested in this course. For more information on this training course, please refer to the leaflet.
On request, Energy Academy can also provide an in-company training course in the English, Spanish or Dutch language, course material in English. Content, location and duration of the course can be adapted to the client's wishes. Please contact us for more information.
- Introduction to smart metering
- PRIME overview
- Physical layer, MAC layer and convergence layer
- Review of spec versions and updates
- Conformance testing
- Test result analysis
- Questions & discussion
Engineers, developers and other staff at utilities and distributors.


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A landmark document created at the request of NATO has proposed a set of rules for how international cyberwarfare should be conducted. Written by 20 experts in conjunction with the International Committee of the Red Cross and the US Cyber Command, the Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare analyzes the rules of conventional war and applies them to state-sponsored cyberattacks.
Unsurprisingly, the manual advises that attacks must avoid targets such as hospitals, dams, and nuclear power stations in order to minimize civilian casualties, but also makes some bold statements regarding retaliatory conduct. According to the manual's authors, it's acceptable to retaliate against cyberattacks with traditional weapons when a state can prove the attack lead to death or severe property damage. It also says that hackers who perpetrate attacks are legitimate targets for a counterstrike.
"There's plenty of law that applies to cyberspace."
Project leader Professor Michael Schmitt, the Chairman of the International Law Department at the United States Naval War College, tells The Guardian that countries "can only use force when you reach the level of armed conflict," explaining that in most cases the appropriate response to a cyberattack would be digital retaliation. "Everyone talks about cyberspace as though it's the wild west," says Schmitt, "we discovered that there's plenty of law that applies to cyberspace."


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To get started on this year's Archives Crawl, begin at ANY of the four host locations: the California State Archives (1020 'O' Street), California State Library (900 'N' Street), Center for Sacramento History (551 Sequoia Pacific Blvd.), or Central Library* (828 'I' Street). You will be given a passport
at the first location you visit, which will provide a map to the
others. Each host location will stamp your passport when you arrive. Read the posts below for details on transportation and parking, participating archives, and prize giveaways and drawings.
*Be one of the first twenty visitors to mention the code word "acid-free" at Central Library and take home a giveaway bag stuffed with goodies!


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Coal is one of the most important sources of energy for mankind providing an easy way to generate energy in a cheap manner. The relative abundance and low costs of using Coal has made it the the first choice of Fuel for building Power Plants in the world. Coal has huge importance as an Energy source and forms the most important raw material for Cement and Steel. Coal is also used in a variety of other industries like Paper, Aluminum, Chemical, Transportation and Pharma. However Coal also has huge negative consequences as it is the largest source of Carbon Emissions which happen during Coal Combustion.
Coal Mining despite two hundred years remain as hazardous as ever resulting in thousands of deaths in India and China. Mercury, Arsenic and pollution of other harmful substances into the environment causes diseases and many deaths as well. However for countries like India and China there are little other alternatives and there is no conviction amongst policymakers to change their energy strategies as well. So the advantages of Coal are currently overpowering those of the Cons of Coal. This despite Coal being the dirtiest form of Energy and causing many deaths globally. The main reason for the cheapness of Coal is that the societal costs are not added on explicitly to the Price of Coal making it seem artificially cheap.
Advantages of Coal
1) Abundance – Coal is located almost universally, it can be found on every continent in over 70 countries, with the biggest reserves in the USA, Russia, China and India.
2) Continuous,Predictable,Reliable Source of Power – Coal Based Energy can be generated almost 24×7 unlike other forms of renewable energy like wind and solar that are intermittent in nature.
3) Low Capital Investment – The capital investment required for Coal based Power plants is relatively less at $1-2/watt of Thermal Capacity. Note wind energy is slightly higher while Solar is even higher. Coal Mines are also quite cheap to build and Mine with Open Cast Mines providing Coal at a very Low Cost.
4) Low Cost – Coal is one of the cheapest forms of energy making it the energy of choice in developing countries like India and China. In India its possible to get cheap coal at just $20/ton while international prices of coal range in the region of $100/ton. Note Coal based electricity can be produced at 2-4c/Kwh making it the cheapest electricity source.
5) High Load Factor – Thermal Power Plants have very high load factors in excess of 80%. They can generate power almost 24/7 and only require shutdown for periodic maintenance. Coal Based Plants which have become too old or have been shutdown due to environmental concerns can still be used for backup power.
6) Large Potential compared to Oil – Coal Energy Potential is quite large compared to other Fossil Fuels like Oil and Gas. Coal Reserves globally are estimated to be around 1 trillion tons which implies that Coal can be consumed at the current rates for another 200 years.
7) Big Industrial Base – Coal Energy has been present since the start of the Industrial Revolution with the development of the Steam Engine based on Coal. The technology and industry of the Coal Industry and Thermal Power Plants is well developed and mature. This allows a rapid deployment of Coal Power in most places in the world.
8) Coal to Liquids and Coal to Gases – Coal is now being looked upon as source of Transportation Fuels as Oil becomes scarce and increasingly costly. Coal to Liquid Plants are being constructed in India and China though the Technology is quite immature and the use of the technology is still questionable on environmental grounds.
Disadvantages of Coal
1) Greenhouse Gas Emissions – One of the biggest cons of Coal Energy is that it releases Carbon Dioxide which has been sequestered for millions of years in the dead bodies of plant and animals. This transfer the Carbon from the Earth to the Environment leading to the Global Warming Effect. Global Treaties have failed in putting a Cost on this, though individual countries are tying to account for this through Carbon Taxes and Cap and Trade.
2) Coal Mining Deaths – Coal Mining has resulted in thousands of deaths each year ever since man discovered coal. Note Coal Deaths happen not only in countries which don't have good safety regulations like China but also in developed countries like USA and New Zealand.
3) Devastation of Earth and Scenery Near Coal Mines – Open Cast Mining of Coal has resulted in destruction of the habitat and destruction of the scenery. It leads to removal of trees and pollution of air and water in areas surrounding the mines. Coal Mine Fires have burned for hundreds of year underground and make living in those areas hazardous. Those burning underground can be difficult to locate and many cannot be extinguished. Fires can cause the ground above to subside, their combustion gases are dangerous to life, and breaking out to the surface can initiate surface fires as well.
4) Displacement of Humans due to Mining Destruction – In West Bengal,India people are being displaced in huge numbers as the hollowing of the earth due to underground coal mining has made those places unsafe as the Land Caves in without warning.
5) Emission of Harmful Substances like Sulfur Dioxide,Carbon Monoxide, Mercury, Selenium, Arsenic, Acid Rain – Thermal Plants emit harmful substances such as Mercury and Sulfur Dioxide which cause health hazards among the surrounding population and Acid Rain. While modern equipment has reduced the emission of these harmful substances, it is still very harmful to humans.


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Reading the Romans
Mary Beard
Source - http://blog.britishmuseum.org/
If you want to find some really vivid stories about ordinary ancient Romans – not just about the toffs, the generals, and the emperors – some of the very best places to look are their tombstones. These give some amazing insights into the lives of real Romans – not those right at the very bottom of the social heap (people down there couldn't afford a memorial) but those not all that far from the bottom.
OK, the epitaphs are written in Latin – but it's often very easy Latin. And even if you don't know a single word of the language, you can get quite a lot out of them with only a very little help.
In the BBC Two series Meet the Romans, we have looked at some really memorable – and quirky – epitaphs. I'm particularly keen on one ex-slave woman we came across: Allia Potestas, who lived in a ménage à trois with her two lovers (she was always the first up and the last to bed of the trio, we're told – do things ever change?). But my other favourites were poor little Doris, who died in a terrible fire, and a splendidly pushy baker called Eurysaces, who didn't only tell you what his job was, but even had his tomb built in the shape of a baker's oven.
We actually filmed one epitaph from the British Museum, which we didn't in the end use in the series – partly because there was almost too much to say about it. You can find it on the wall in Room 70
It's a tombstone from Rome (first century BCE) of a husband and wife pictured in the middle. He (on the left) is called Aurelius Hermia and she (on the right) is called Aurelia Philematio (or Philematium, as it's written a bit further down). They are both ex-slaves, who have at some point been given their freedom.
Inscribed stone funerary relief of Aurelius Hermia and his wife Aurelia Philmatium
How do we know that? Well right in the middle of both their names are two give-away letters " L. L" – short for "Lucii libertus" or "Lucii liberta", that is, "the ex-slave man or ex-slave woman of a man called Lucius". One of the most extraordinary facts is that well over half the tombstones discovered from the city commemorate ex-slaves, and most of them are instantly recognizable with the letter "L" or more often the abbreviation "Lib" in their names. Romans owned hundreds of thousands of slaves, but also freed loads of them. Slavery in Rome wasn't always a life-sentence.
Anyway, the husband takes the left. This side is more battered (as you can see, even a bit of the name has been lost). But we can still work out that he was a "lanius de colle Viminale", "a butcher from the Viminal hill", one of the seven hills of Rome. (The word "lanius" is missing its first couple of letters… but if we had, in English, the phrase "…tcher from the Viminal hill", we'd have little doubt what it meant!).
He goes on to explain that his wife had predeceased him (you can spot the word "praecessit"), and of course that she had always lived devoted to him, as he was devoted to her (that is, she "stood by her man", "fida viro" on the fifth line from the bottom). That, I guess, is a cliché even of epitaphs today. I don't think we have to imagine that there was literally never a cross word between this pair.
Detail of the right hand side of the tombstone
It's the woman's side on the right, though, where things get really curious. It starts off with some fairly conventional praise for a Roman woman. She was "casta, pudens, volgei nescia", that's "chaste, modest and unknown to the crowd" – she was "not gossiped about" would perhaps be a better translation. But after that it starts to get intriguing, if not downright odd.
The husband, we are told, "was more than a parent" to the wife (you can spot the word "parens" seven lines up). They had met when she was just seven years old ("septem me naatam annorurum") and he took her on his lap ("gremio"), and she died when she was 40 ("XXXX") – meanwhile her husband had flourished under her dutiful care ("meo officio").
Hang on, we think. He took her on his lap when she was just seven years old? What exactly was Hermia up to with little Philematio on his knee? When precisely did they get married? Of course we don't – and can't – know. But explanations tend to fall into two broad camps.
Explanation A. Some people imagine that when this pair had been slaves, the older Hermia had looked after the little girl, just like a dad… and maybe years later when both had been freed by their master Lucius, they married. This was a slave friendship that grew into free married union.
Explanation B. Other people take a rather more dismal view of the partnership. They point out that Roman girls often got married much earlier than we do. In Meet the Romans we find one 12 year old, dying just before her wedding day. Even seven years old is not absolutely unheard of. So forget all those romantic notions of a kindly Hermia innocently befriending the young Philematio in the slave quarters. Slave or free, he had probably marked her out (at least) as his partner at the tender age of seven.
I hope Explanation A is the right one. But we certainly can't be sure. The dutiful, chaste and modest Philematio may have been, quite literally, a child bride.


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Washington, DC— Astronomers at the Carnegie Institution have found the first indications of highly complex organic molecules in the disk of red dust surrounding a distant star. The eight-million-year-old star, known as HR 4796A, is inferred to be in the late stages of planet formation, suggesting that the basic building blocks of life may be common in planetary systems.
In a study published in the current Astrophysical Journal Letters, John Debes and Alycia Weinberger of the Carnegie Institution's Department of Terrestrial Magnetism with Glenn Schneider of the University of Arizona report observations of infrared light from HR 4796A using the Near-Infrared Multi-Object Spectrometer aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. The researchers found that the spectrum of visible and infrared light scattered by the star's dust disk looks very red, the color produced by large organic carbon molecules called tholins. The spectrum does not match those of other red substances, such as iron oxide.
Tholins do not form naturally on present-day Earth because oxygen in the atmosphere would quickly destroy them, but they are hypothesized to have existed on the primitive Earth billions of years ago and may have been precursors to the biomolecules that make up living organisms. Tholins have been detected elsewhere in the solar system, such as in comets and on Saturn's moon Titan, where they give the atmosphere a red tinge. This study is the first report of tholins outside the solar system.
"Until recently it's been hard to know what makes up the dust in a disk from scattered light, so to find tholins this way represents a great leap in our understanding," says Debes.
HR 4796A is located in the constellation Centaurus, visible primarily form the southern hemisphere. It is about 220 light years from Earth. The discovery of its dust disk in 1991generated excitement among astronomers, who consider it a prime example of a planetary system caught in the act of formation. The dust is generated by collisions of small bodies, perhaps similar to the comets or asteroids in our solar system, and which may be coated by the organics. These planetesimals can deliver these building blocks for life to any planets that may also be circling the star.
"Astronomers are just beginning to look for planets around stars much different from the Sun. HR 4796A is twice as massive, nearly twice as hot as the sun, and twenty times more luminous than the Sun," says Debes. "Studying this system provides new clues to understanding the different conditions under which planets form and, perhaps, life can evolve."
This research is based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and was supported by NASA and the NASA Astrobiology Institute.
Image Caption: Red and near infrared wavelengths from the dust disk surrounding the star HR 4796A (masked in false-color image to make fainter disk visible) suggest the presence of complex organic molecules. The inner "hole" of the ring-shaped disk is big enough to fit our entire solar system and may have been swept clean of dust by orbiting planets. (Image: John Debes)


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I am happy to announce the addition of four bonsai trees on display in the Semitropical Greenhouse in the Regenstein Center.
The crape myrtle, two ficus species, and natal plum trees were placed on display on March 28. The display will be up through the end of May with a change of tree species the last week of April. It's the first time these trees are being displayed in this fashion here at the Garden, giving visitors the opportunity to see tropical and subtropical trees that otherwise would not be able to be shown in our courtyards until late May, due to temperature requirements.
The courtyards will open on Tuesday April 21, 2015, with our cold-hardy evergreen and deciduous trees.
This crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia) was the focus of my previous post on repotting. It is continuing to respond very favorably to the root work we did.
Crape myrtles are a genus of about fifty species of trees and shrubs native to South Asia, Northern Australia, and some Pacific islands. Some varieties can grow as tall as 100 feet, but most species grow as either small trees or large shrubs. Some varieties are deciduous, and some are broadleaf evergreens—this is a deciduous variety.
Crape myrtles are most famous for their flowers, which grow as clusters of small blooms. Flowering typically takes place between June and August. This tree has never flowered while here at the Garden. I am hoping that with the addition of a more appropriate soil mix, fertilizer changes, and a longer growing season we can can encourage this tree to bloom in the years to come.
The natal plum (Carissa grandiflora) is a dense evergreen tree with sharp spines. It's native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Australia, and Asia.
Our natal plum produces beautiful flowers throughout the year. These can occur either as individual blooms or in clusters. The flowers have a powerful fragrance reminiscent of gardenia. The fruit is plum-shaped and can be red to dark purple-black in color. The fruit of the natal plum is edible and tastes like a giant cranberry—but please don't eat ours! :)
Our two ficus trees on display are monsters! The Nabari (base of the tree) on these trees are huge, and they have a great presence. Ficus are tropical and subtropical trees native to southern Asia and India. However, they are also commonly found in South American countries and the southern United States. There are hundreds of species in the ficus genus in the world, but there are only about a half dozen that are commonly used for bonsai. Ficus benjamina, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus retusa (or Green Island fig), and Ficus salicifolia are among the most frequently used. These are great examples of tropical bonsai that will love their new temporary home in the Greenhouse.
Be sure to come down and see these amazing trees while they are on display! And keep a lookout for the new additions coming later this month. Here is a sneak peek at one of the trees you might see…can you tell what species it is?
Thanks for reading, and be sure to follow me on instagram @Windy_City_Bonsai for updates and pictures of the collection!
©2015 Chicago Botanic Garden and my.chicagobotanic.org


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FraudArmor helps you resolve fraudulent activity related to your checks or other accounts.
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