text:
Jerusalem: A Displacement Master Plan - Interview with Khalil Tafakji
This is the transcript of an interview conducted by al-Majdal with Mr. Khalil Tafakji of the Mapping and Geographic Information Systems Department of the Arab Studies Society in Jerusalem. The interview was conducted on 30 December 2008.
al-Majdal: You work at the Mapping and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Department, what is this organization?
KT: We were founded in 1983 as part of the Arab Studies Society by the late Faisal Husseini.
Our goal from the very beginning was to research and document the effects of Israeli policies and practices in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT) affecting land and property, and to be able to produce maps showing these effects. Since its inception, the Department has accumulated a vast wealth of expertise and information; we have produced maps of historic Palestine as it was in 1945, a map of Israeli illegal settlements from 1967 to 1994, and a series of books and articles detailing various aspects of Israeli policies and practices in the OPT.
This expertise enabled us to play an advisory role in the negotiations process in the early 1990s when we moved to the Orient House (later shut down by Israel). We have focused especially on 1967-occupied Jerusalem (East Jerusalem), and in 1998 undertook a pioneering project to survey all Palestinian property in the city through which we became the major information reference point for people engaged in land transactions, zoning proposals, and actually played an important role in limiting fraudulent sales of property by people forging title deeds to properties they do not own.
al-Majdal: How was the city of
Jerusalem affected during the 1948 Nakba?
KT: Before 1948, Jerusalem was a major hub of Palestinian social, spiritual, economic and cultural life, second only to Jaffa. It was also the headquarters for many of the Palestinian political forces which, to varying degrees had mobilized to defend Palestine from the violent Zionist takeover. The military wings of these organizations set up their military front in the villages to the west of the city in an effort to halt the Zionist forces before they reached the city, and in the early months were somewhat successful despite their very poor training and lack of arms. On 6 April 1948, the Haganah (the main Zionist military force) launched Operation Nachson to push towards Jerusalem. Three days later, the Irgun and Stern committed the infamous Deir Yassin massacre as their part of the operation, and the following day, the main Palestinian resistance force led by Abdel Kader al-Husseini was defeated at al-Qastal.
By early May, the British forces essentially handed over the western part of the city to the Haganah, and the Jordanian military held on to the walled (old) city and the eastern part. The 23,000 Palestinian residents of the western part of the city became refugees, many of them in Shufat and Qalandiya refugee camps on the outskirts of the city, and others went to Jordan and elsewhere. In terms of land and property, practically the whole western part of Jerusalem was confiscated by the Absentee Property Law. As for the tens of Palestinian villages to the west of Jerusalem, all were depopulated and destroyed, with the exception of Abu Ghosh, 'Ayn Naqquba and 'Ain Rafa.
al-Majdal: Between 1948 and 1967, Palestinians
who managed to remain within the armistice boundaries (the 'green
line') lived under Israel's discriminatory military rule; in cities
like Jaffa, Ramleh and al-Lydd they were segregated into ghettos in
these cities. What was the Palestinian experience in
Israeli-controlled Jerusalem in these years?
KT: To the best of my knowledge, there was no significant Palestinian population left in western Jerusalem (Israel confined the remaining families to the Baq'a neighborhood, known at the time as the Bak'a Zone). I know that today there are only five Palestinian families still living in that part of the city. For all intents and purposes, that area had been depopulated, so we cannot really compare it to Ramleh or Jaffa, let alone Nazareth where most Palestinians of that city were able to remain in the city. I should also point out that this thorough and systematic forced displacement of Palestinian residents of the city was not by chance, but because the Zionists very clearly and consciously saw, and continue to see, Jerusalem as the capital of the Jewish state, and having any Palestinians in the city did not fit with that idea of the city. Also, this is why for us Palestinians, the issue of refugee rights, particularly the right of return is as much a part of the Jerusalem issue as the wall and zoning and all the rest of it.
al-Majdal: The eastern part of
Jerusalem came under Jordanian control in 1948 until Israel
occupied it in June 1967. What was the effect of Israeli control in
the aftermath of the occupation?
KT: The days in which the Israeli forces entered the city and established control were themselves quite significant. I was seventeen at the time and remember the buses that the Israelis brought to Bab el-Zahreh (Herod's Gate), right in front of al-Rushaydiyyeh School, on which they loaded Palestinians and bussed them to the Jordanian border. This was in addition to many who fled the intense bombing and fighting that took place during the war; around 30,000 of the 100,000 Palestinians in the eastern part of Jerusalem became refugees during and just after the Israeli occupation.
Another very important event was the destruction of Haret al-Magharbeh (the Moroccan Quarter) just south west of the Aqsa mosque inside, and its extension outside, of the old city walls. The part of the city wall separating the two parts of the neighborhood is the wailing wall, a very important religious site for adherents of Judaism. Historically, this neighborhood is where Moroccan immigrants to Jerusalem and their descendants lived for most of the past seven or eight centuries, and the Ayyubid, Mameluke, and Ottoman architecture of the neighborhood was quite distinct from the rest of the old city. The destruction order was issued by the military commander Shlomo Lahat, who was previously the mayor of Tel Aviv, and on 11 June 1967 the bulldozers began to demolish the homes within the old city near the wall, and over several days most of the neighborhood on both sides of the wall was flattened. Many of the neighborhood residents refused to leave, and their homes were destroyed while they were inside which meant that many of them were killed. Today, when people go to pray at the Wailing Wall, they are standing on the site where these people's homes once stood, and where many of them were killed. One-hundred and thirty two Palestinian families were forcibly displaced from this neighborhood in 1967.
al-Majdal: Did the fact that the city
was no longer physically divided have any
KT: A different aspect of the occupation was that we could access the western part of the city for the first time since 1948. Many of the refugees from the western part went to reclaim their homes and properties, and some of them mounted legal challenges to get their property back. The Israeli courts applied the 1950 Absentee Property Law quite strictly, so the vast majority lost their cases. The very tiny minority, specifically those who had western passports in 1948, won their cases because of a loophole in the text of the law.
al-Majdal: In the years that followed
the 1967 occupation, how did Israeli policies affect Palestinians
in Jerusalem?
KT: Until the Likud election victory in 1977, Israeli interests in the West Bank can be summarized in four main points. The first two apply to Israeli policies generally since 1948: making sure that no refugees return to their original homes, and making sure that any form of Palestinian political organization to resist the occupation was severely repressed. The other two are specific to the West Bank and are quite clear in the Allon Plan, which was the Israeli plan on how to deal with the West Bank: to make sure that Palestinians in the West Bank are cut off from any direct access to Jordan, which has meant that the occupied Jordan Valley has been annexed de facto by Israel, and finally that Jerusalem become the 'indivisible and eternal capital of the Jewish state.'
This idea of Jerusalem has an ideological Zionist dimension, but also a practical geo-political aspect which in the Allon Plan serves to separate the occupied West Bank into two parts - north and south - by expanding Jerusalem eastward to the Jordan Valley through the establishment and expansion of the Ma'ale Adumim settlement block. For both ideological and geo-political purposes, policies implemented within the city of Jerusalem have aimed to transform the demographic character of the city into one with a guaranteed and overwhelming Jewish majority. This translated into major waves of land confiscation, specifically in 1968 when the Israeli authorities confiscated land in the northern part of the city to build the illegal settlements known as the French Hill, and Ramot Eshkol; and again in 1970 when Israeli authorities confiscated 12km² from Jabal al-Mukabbir, Shufat, Beit Hanina, the old Jerusalem airport and Beit Safafa to build the illegal settlements Talpiyot, Neve Ya'cov, and Gilo. Also that year, land was confiscated to create 'green areas' or nature reserves that are now Ramat Shlomo and Rehet Shufat. Since 1967, one of the many tactics the Israeli authorities have used is to confiscate land for proposed ecological reasons, and to later transform these green areas into Jewish-only settlements.
al-Majdal: What changed when
Likud took power in 1977?
KT: It was largely an ideological shift with brutal implications for the rest of the West Bank. Instead of being an area to keep under control, the West Bank became Judea and Samaria (even administratively the name of the area was changed), the historic Jewish kingdom which Likud wanted to reclaim, and so the policies and practices aimed at taking as much Palestinian land as possible that had been practiced within the green line during and since the 1948 Nakba began to be implemented in the West Bank as well as Gaza. This is what sets the Ariel Sharon plans of the late 1970s apart from the Allon Plan; Sharon envisioned massive illegal settlement in all parts of the West Bank leading to annexation. It was this criminal vision which has been transforming into a reality for the past fifteen years.
For Jerusalem, this change meant actively expanding the borders of Jerusalem as part of this project of taking as much West Bank Palestinian land as possible. In 1980, the Israeli authorities confiscated another 4.4km² for the Pisgat Ze'ev settlement while expanding others. Since 1995 and the Oslo climate in which Israel legitimized its accelerated settlement expansion program by pointing to the negotiation process, more settlements were created and others expanded, most notably Har Gilo (on Wallajeh and Beit Jala land), Har Homa (on Abu Ghuneim), and the Gush Etzion bloc all of which became part of the the expanded Jerusalem metropolitan area in their municipal zoning.
If you look at it on a map, the land confiscated and settlements created in the 1967-1977 period created a kind of ring around the old city within Jerusalem, after 1977 the Israeli authorities began to work on acquiring land within eastern Jerusalem's Palestinian neighborhoods themselves such as the old city, Sheikh Jarrah, Silwan and Ras al-'Amud; today, around 35 percent of Occupied East Jerusalem is under exclusive Jewish-Israeli control. The additional aspect post-1977 was the creation of a new fact on the ground labeled 'greater Jerusalem' illegally annexed to Israel, and with arms reaching north, east and south which are built on West Bank Palestinian land but off limits to West Bank ID-carrying Palestinians.
al-Majdal: The Israeli
Separation/Apartheid Wall is often used as the prime example of the
Israeli creation of facts-on-the-ground. How does the Wall fit into
this map of 'greater Jerusalem'?
KT: The most basic part of the answer to this question is that the Wall separates between what is now considered the West Bank, which is the Palestinian Authority administered areas, and Jerusalem, which as I said has been de facto and illegally annexed by Israel, even though this is theoretically still under negotiation. To understand it better we need to realize that since 1973, a central part of the stated policy of the Jerusalem municipality has been to limit the relative size of the Palestinian presence in Jerusalem, to ensure that Palestinians continue to be a small minority within their historic city. So while the wall itself is a brutal monstrosity, the effects and goals of the wall are the real crime, and this is what the International Court of Justice realized and stated in their advisory opinion of 9 July 2004.
What the Israeli planners who planned the route of the Wall did was to use it to physically exclude densely populated Palestinian areas, like the Shu'fat refugee camp and Anata, from Jerusalem - instantly removing a large portion of the city's Palestinian population from the city. Add to this that many of the people who depend on Jerusalem for their jobs, schools, hospitals, etc.. live just on the other side of the wall, and that historically Jerusalem is the main hub of West Bank economic, cultural, and social activity. The wall thus severs all of these relationships.
There is also a housing crisis that the Wall has created; Israel systematically strips Palestinians of their Jerusalem residency if they cannot show that they are habitually resident within Jerusalem. As such, there was a frenzy of people moving into increasingly overcrowded and overpriced housing within the already overcrowded Palestinian neighborhoods in order to keep their Jerusalem residency status. Without this status, Palestinians are forced to acquire West Bank residency which means they can no longer enter the city without military permits, and can no longer receive health, family and retirement benefits for which they've been paying taxes for as long as they have been Jerusalem residents. The result is that those unwilling or unable to move into the city have lost their residency status, and that there has been a serious deterioration of Palestinian quality of life for those within the city.
al-Majdal: You said that the Israeli
controlled Jerusalem municipality has an official policy of
maintaining a ceiling on how many Palestinians live in Jerusalem.
Can you tell us more about the ways in which this policy
KT: We can look at the workings of the municipality's Local Outline Plan Jerusalem 2000, a published document that does very little to conceal the objectives of the Israeli authorities which can be described as the Judaization of Jerusalem, that is to change the demographic composition of the city to favor the Jewish-Israeli population. The plan is quite clear that the planning objectives of municipal policy and practice are to maintain a Palestinian population that is no more than 30 percent of the city's total population. Towards this goal, there are two kinds of policies and practices, those that aim to increase the city's Jewish population, and those that aim to decrease the city's Palestinian population.
In terms of increasing the Jewish population, the main tactic used is that of settlement construction and expansion. For instance, the plan calls for the construction of at least 17,000 new illegal settlement housing units in the coming years. Another aspect is support at all levels - from the Jerusalem municipality, to the Israeli government, to Zionist para-state organizations like the Jewish National Fund - for settler groups like Elad and Ateret Kohanim which actively work to take over Palestinian homes and real estate within the city to establish settler communities in the heart of Palestinian neighborhoods. This is clearest in the old city, but takes place across the eastern part of the city. For instance, the municipality allocated a $13 million budget for an eight-year project to establish a 'national park' in the al-Bustan Valley of Silwan, a Palestinian area, with a large proportion of the funds for the project going to the Elad settler organization. Another side of increasing the number of Jewish settlers in Jerusalem is the major development of settler infrastructure in the city. The most significant example of such infrastructure is the Jerusalem Light Rail project, a massive transportation system which will almost exclusively service the settlements in and around Jerusalem connecting them with the western and central parts of the city, and greatly enhancing the settlement expansion project's chances of success.
We can take the same 'national park' project in Silwan to show the other side of the equation, displacing Palestinians from Jerusalem. In order to create this national park/settlement complex, with its 'for-Jews-only' apartments, kindergarten, library, car-park and synagogue, 88 Palestinian homes in al-Bustan were served with demolition orders. Usually in the past, the municipality has used section 205 of the 1965 Israeli Planning and Building Law which allows for demolition on the basis of unlicensed construction. This has usually been enough because the authorities discriminate quite clearly against Palestinians and it is very difficult for Palestinians to renew, let alone acquire, licenses for their homes. For al-Bustan, many of the demolition orders were based on section 212/5 of the 1965 Planning and Building Law which allows for demolition on the basis of "public interest". This is extremely dangerous since it means that the master-plan goal of Judaization is a public interest, and will essentially allow unhindered demographic and social engineering by the municipal authorities.
Demolition of Palestinian homes in Jerusalem has been rapidly accelerating over the past few years. In the last six months of 2007, 20 Palestinian homes were demolished by the Israeli authorities. In first six months of 2008, 44 Palestinian homes in the city were demolished displacing 269 people, 159 of them children; and this was before the Local Outline Plan was officially adopted by the municipality which means that these numbers can only grow if there is no action to stop the Israeli authorities from displacing and taking our city away from us, and if the world continues to allow Israel to grossly violate international law without scrutiny or accountability.
al-Majdal: What kinds of actions have
Palestinians in Jerusalem taken to defend their rights in the
KT: The options are quite limited in light of the massive imbalance of force in Israel's favor combined with the blind international support for the Israeli regime. There are increasing efforts at international advocacy both at the grassroots level with the campaign for Boycotts, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) as well as on the more formal level by working with international agencies operating here, as well as making detailed submissions at appropriate international venues. As a result, the plight of Jerusalem's Palestinians figures prominently in UN reports and resolutions dealing with Israeli human rights abuses.
On the ground, and especially in cases of house demolition orders, there continues to be social solidarity among Palestinians, with some support from international solidarity activists and some Jewish-Israelis who work to fundraise for advocacy campaigns, legal challenges, house rebuilding, and in some cases try to physically stop demolitions from being carried out. A case where such solidarity was clearly manifested was that of Um Kamel al-Kurd whose home was destroyed along with 27 others in the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood; the community set up a solidarity tent, which itself was subsequently destroyed and rebuilt three times, and was accompanied by an important action in which Um Kamel, a refugee from the Talbiyeh neighborhood in the western part of the city, marched to her old home in Talbiyeh.
Part of what we work on in the Mapping and GIS Department is to fundraise for and develop detailed zoning plans for certain parts of the city where we can get all of the residents' consent which are subsequently submitted to the municipality for approval. There are huge complicating factors, that are confounded by the various kinds of property title held by Palestinians, as well as the time, great financial and skilled human labor costs required. The other difficulty is that even if we overcome all of these obstacles, there is no guarantee that such zoning plans will be accepted by the municipality, especially given the stated goals of this Israeli institution. In cases where we have been successful, however, we have managed to ensure that Palestinians will be able to remain in their city for the foreseeable future.
*Khalil Tafakji works at the Mapping and GIS Department of the
Arab Studies Society in Jerusalem. He can be reached at toufakji
[at] hotmail [dot] com.


text:
Delivering | What's Next
Hamilton, OH, March 13, 2017 — OPW, a Dover Company (NYSE: DOV), announced today that it has named Kevin Long as the company's new president.
Kevin Long joined Dover in 2014 as the president of Colder Products Company ("CPC"). "While at CPC, Kevin led efforts to accelerate new product development, drive continuous improvement and develop talent within the organization," said Dover Fluids President and CEO Bill Spurgeon. "As Kevin takes over the reins at OPW, we look forward to him continuing the company's legacy of innovation and quality."
"I'm excited to be joining OPW the same year that it celebrates its 125th anniversary," Long said. "To be in business for more than a century is truly a testament to the innovation, quality and customer focus the OPW team strives to deliver. I'm honored to be joining the team."
Prior to joining Dover, Long was Vice President, Customer Care at KaVo-Kerr, a division of Danaher. He also held various product management, operations and general management roles while at Danaher. Long started his career at International Paper in its Leadership Development Program. He graduated from The Ohio State University with a BS and MS in Mechanical Engineering, and received his MBA from MIT.
Long replaces David Crouse who was named president for Dover Fluids' new Dover Fueling Solutions organization last December.
About OPW: For 125 years, OPW has led the way in designing and manufacturing world-class retail fueling, fluid handling and car wash system solutions for the safe and efficient handling and distribution of fuels and critical fluids. OPW makes above ground and below ground products for both conventional, vapor recovery and clean energy applications in the retail and commercial markets. Additionally, OPW supplies loading arms, valves and dry-break couplings, tank truck equipment, rail car valves and equipment, and car wash systems. OPW has manufacturing operations in North America, Europe, Latin America and Asia Pacific, with sales offices around the world. OPW is part of the Dover Corporation, which is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange under "DOV". To learn more about OPW's 125 years of providing industry-leading solutions, visit our website at www.opwglobal.com.
All Midland News
Midland offers repair services for most brands of railcar valves, providing the best Remanufacturing & Repair expertise.
View Product Details
Midland's Emergency Response Kit (ERK) has been designed to allow for the quick and safe capping of leaking fittings on the top of pressurized railcars.
We are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website. For more information, please see our privacy policy.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Internationalisation and innovation of firms
The analysis suggests that policymakers should coordinate, if not integrate, innovation and internationalisation policies in order to boost productivi
This analysis was published by VoxEU on the 21 January 2014.
Internationalisation and innovation policies are frequently considered to be key drivers of growth. This column documents a strong positive association between internationalisation, innovation, and productivity at the firm-level across seven European countries. This association continues to hold after controlling for country, size, industrial sector, and firm specific characteristics, with some evidence of causality running from innovation to internationalisation. The analysis suggests that policymakers should coordinate, if not integrate, innovation and internationalisation policies in order to boost productivity and growth.
Policymakers traditionally have attempted to encourage internationalisation based on the implicit rationale that the latter is associated with productivity and/or employment growth. At the same time, since innovation is the key driver of productivity growth, much attention has been devoted to the specific channels through which trade and innovation are linked (see Aiginger 2011). However, in most European countries, as well as at the EU level, these policies are carried out through various, often unrelated agencies – as found by EIM (2010), a European report reviewing some 130 programmes. For instance, in Germany, it is BaFa, a federal agency that is responsible for export promotion while the Ministry of Economic Affairs deals with innovation. In France, responsibilities are also shared between two ministries and agencies such as BpiFrance. In Italy, ICE – an agency – does export promotion under the Development Ministry while R&D is under a number of different other governing bodies (Development, Economy, Education & Research ministry). In Hungary, NIH – the innovation agency – provides R&D grants while trade and investment promotion is done by HITA, another agency; additional sources are given via EU structural grants by yet other agencies.
In a recent paper (Altomonte et al. 2013) we exploit new data on European manufacturing firms to show that there is a positive and strong correlation between the extent of involvement of firms on both international and innovation activities. In particular, firms that export their goods and/or have set up factories abroad are, on average, also more likely to have invested into in-house research, introduced new IT solutions, or adopted new management practices. At the same time, firms that have no international exposure are the ones that typically have not innovated recently.
Broad measures of activities
To uncover these relations, we rely on the recently released EU-EFIGE/Bruegel-UniCredit (henceforth, EFIGE) dataset. This survey dataset covers a representative and cross-country comparable sample of manufacturing firms (with at least 10 employees) across seven European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and the UK).
We find that in European manufacturing a large fraction of firms – 77% – are engaged in at least one mode of internationalisation (exporter, importer, outsourcer, outsourcee, FDI maker). At the same time, consistent with the idea of a self-selection of the most efficient firms driven by the costs of internationalisation (see the recent survey of Melitz and Redding 2012), being active in an increasing number of modes turns out to be more and more difficult – only 15% of firms are involved in all or all but one international activities. In turn, these firms are 3.5 times larger in terms of employment than internationally inactive firms, and they are almost twice as productive.
Can we spot a similar pattern regarding innovation? First, let us define broad innovation as consisting of seven modes: patents, copyright or design activity, internal R&D activity, external R&D activity, IT solutions for internal organisation, IT for sales, and IT for supply chain management. We decide to include IT activities in line with the evidence brought by Bloom et al. (2012) on the role of IT as a crucial catalyst of innovation. When using the broad measure of innovation, only 13% of firms are classified as inactive, while 7.5% are active in more than 5 modes. So, self-selection seems to be relatively less binding when a broad measure of innovation is taken into account, although the most innovative (based on our measure) firms are still four times as large as non-innovative ones, and they are 50% more productive.
Internationalisation and innovation: Inextricably linked
The interesting question is then to what extent internationalisation and innovation are jointly determined within a firm. Several existing studies point to various channels of interaction between internationalisation and innovation.
- First, the literature finds that innovation (in general measured only as R&D expenditures) and exporting – both endogenous choices requiring sizeable investments – are inextricably linked, although their sequence is a priori unclear. While Aw et al. (2011) find that the marginal benefit of both exporting and innovating simultaneously increases with productivity, with self-selection driving a large part of the complementarity, there is some evidence that product and (to a lesser extent) process innovation might drive exports at firm level (Cassiman and Golovko 2011).
- Second, it is also found that imports are related to innovation: almost all innovating firms import, and more innovative firms source more foreign products (Bøler, Moxnes and Ulltveit-Moe 2012).
- Third, when a larger amount of knowledge is embedded in the product, FDI becomes a more likely choice for foreign sales. Empirically, this evidence typically leads to a strong correlation among the extent of internationalisation and innovation activities.
Our sample confirms these findings, although it allows to nuance the latter correlation in a number of ways, as it allows to look at a broader definition of internationalisation (not only export) and innovation (not only R&D), then matched with additional firm-level characteristics observed across countries. In particular, we construct a measure of internationalisation intensity, defined as the number of internationalisation modes in which a firm is simultaneously involved, and innovation intensity, defined as the number of innovation modes in which a firm is simultaneously involved.
To that extent, the following figures show the distribution of firms and their shares of employment across innovation and internationalisation intensities. Panel A exhibits a pyramidal structure: innovation and internationalisation intensities are indeed positively correlated, but the share of firms involved in both high internationalisation and innovation intensity rapidly diminishes. Panel B reveals a similar pyramidal structure, offering evidence that higher intensities are also associated with better firm performance, as measured by firms' size (employment). Hence, innovation and internationalisation, even when generally defined, seem to be inextricably intertwined with each other, and with firm success.
Figure 1. Distributions of firms across innovation and internationalisation intensities.
Source: Authors' elaboration of EFIGE and AMADEUS data.
Furthermore, our analysis allows us to verify that the latter association continues to hold even after controlling for country, size, industrial sector, and firm specific characteristics, including total factor productivity, a variable that often is correlated with the same internationalisation and innovation as it is a proxy of a firm's competitiveness. Finally, our analysis also hints at a direction of causality in the relationship between innovation and internationalisation, with the former seemingly driving the latter. Given the evidence of a harder selection in terms of internationalisation versus innovation activities, and in line with other findings of the literature (e.g. Bustos 2011), our data are consistent with the idea that firms might exploit innovation in order to 'dress-up' for some forms of international presence.
Bring them under one roof
The broad, robust, and strong correlation between firms' internationalisation and innovation activities that we have uncovered in our analysis, as well as the possible direction of causality linking one to the other, suggests that trade promotion and innovation policies should be better coordinated to alleviate the current paradox of generally uncorrelated policies aimed at mostly correlated outcomes.
Consider the case of the European Union. Innovation policy is the responsibility of DG Enterprise and Industry. Trade facilitation is the responsibility of DG Trade. Export/import promotion is the responsibility of individual member states with little involvement of EU institutions. The mandate of DG Trade for export/import promotion is rather unclear.
Coordinating and integrating internationalisation and innovation policies under a single responsibility would likely be beneficial. It would make the relevant policymakers internalise the external effects of individual policies. On the one hand, uncoordinated actions could be ineffective and wasteful and result in 'double subsidisation' (30% of firms in our sample received some form of subsidy). On the other hand, they could forgo the gains arising from complementarities between various modes of innovation and internationalisation. In the presence of such complementarities, neither type of intervention would be very effective on its own. For instance, export promotion alone, without adequate investment in innovation, would not help firms develop the capabilities needed to successfully compete on international markets in the long run.
All in all, according to our analysis, positioning internationalisation and innovation policies 'under one roof' at both the national and EU levels, would be welcome.
Aiginger, Karl (2011), "The inefficiency of industrial and innovation policy in France", VoxEU.org, 3 October.
Altomonte, C., Aquilante, T., Gábor Békés and Ottaviano G.I.P. (2013). "Internationalization and Innovation of Firms: Evidence and Policy", Economic Policy, Volume 28, Issue 76, pages 663–700, October 2013.
Aw, Bee Yan, Roberts, Mark J. and Xu, Daniel Yi (2011). "R&D Investment, Exporting, and Productivity Dynamics," The American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 101(4), pages 1312-44, June.
Bloom, N., R. Sadun and J. Van Reenen (2012). "Americans do it better: US multinationals and the productivity miracle", The American Economic Review, 102(1), 167–201.
Bøler, E. A., A. Moxnes and K. H. Ulltveit-Moe (2012). "Technological change, trade in intermediates and the joint impact on productivity", CEPR Discussion Paper 8884.
Bustos, Paula (2011), "Trade Liberalization, Exports, and Technology Upgrading: Evidence on the Impact of MERCOSUR on Argentinian Firms," The American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 101(1), pages 304-40, February.
Cassiman, B and E Golovko (2011). "Innovation and internationalization through exports", Journal of International Business Studies, 42(1), 56–75.
EIM Business & Policy Research (2010), "Internationalisation of European SMEs. Final Report", Zoetermeer.
Melitz, M and S Redding (2012) "Heterogeneous Firms and Trade", NBER Working Paper No 18652, Washington D.C.


text:
David's in the bathroom taking a piss, wondering why it doesn't smell of the asparagus he ate last night; Marian's wandering around in her T-shirt and pants, practising her business French and flossing her teeth. These are the opening images of this new play by Bafta-winning young dramatist Jack Thorne, set entirely in a couple's bathroom, complete with toilet and claw-foot tub.
Thorne has an uncanny ear for naturalistic dialogue: for fractured phone conversations full of half-finished sentences, and the almost meaningless, babytalk exchanges that build up between couples (David: 'I'd like to climb inside your brain'; Marian: 'my brain smells of honey').
And the performances of the two actors, Phoebe Waller-Bridge and Keir Charles, are among the bravest and most true-to-life I've seen this year: especially given the fact that they spend much of the play naked in the bath, presumably shivering their bits off.
Director Vicky Jones also cannily ratchets up the tension, as it becomes clear that the couple's relationship is underpinned by the memory of a painful event. But it's in the eventual revelation of this event – and something even more painful that follows it – that the play falters. What happens seems to come out of nowhere – and the way each character reacts to it feels so unlikely that the show's careful, and until then entirely convincing, reflection of reality is undermined.


text:
The following article by Democratic Strategist Robert Creamer, author of Stand Up Straight: How Progressives Can Win, is cross-posted from HuffPo:
The odds are increasing that President Obama and the Democrats will rout the Republicans in the current battle over the "fiscal cliff."
I realize that all of the "wise men" of Washington are clamoring for a bi-partisan solution to fix the nation's deficit — a "solution" that involves "shared sacrifice." But the plain fact is that the deficit is not a bi-partisan problem. Democrat Bill Clinton left Republican George Bush surpluses as far as the eye could see.
Today's deficit was caused when the Republicans cut taxes for the wealthiest Americans and started two wars for which they refused to pay. The deficit got worse when Republican policies caused the financial markets and the economy to collapse in the Great Recession.
That was the Republican legacy inherited by incoming President Barack Obama. Now, after having saved the economy from falling into a depression, laid the groundwork for economic recovery and soundly won reelection, President Obama is poised to force Republicans to do what is critically necessary to right the nation's fiscal situation: raise tax rates on the wealthiest Americans.
And he is likely to be successful without yielding to Republican demands that much of the bill to close the federal deficit be paid by the still-struggling middle class.
The fact is that Obama and the Democrats are holding all the cards.
There are five reasons why Obama is likely to succeed:
1). The "fiscal cliff" is very different than the "debt ceiling." In 2011, the Obama administration believed it was critically important to the economy to avoid a default on the nation's debt.
In that standoff, the GOP held so many cards because many of its members were willing to allow the nation to go into default. They were like terrorists who are willing to blow up themselves — and everyone else — to make a political point.
As a result, the Obama administration had to use every tool it could to avoid yet another GOP-induced economic disaster. It was bargaining with a gun to its head. In the circumstances, the outcome was not bad for Democrats. Though the deal did not include increased revenue from the wealthy — and many key programs that benefit the poor and middle class took a hit — Democrats avoided disastrous permanent structural changes in Medicare, Social Security and Medicaid. And they took the debt ceiling timebomb out of the GOP's hands until after the fall elections.
Most importantly, they struck a deal that changed the battlefield for the next engagement to a much more advantageous time and place — after the elections when the Bush Tax cuts were about to expire by law.
It would not be an economic disaster for the country to go over the "fiscal cliff." In fact, going over the cliff will only increase Democratic leverage to reach a deal which eliminates the dreaded "sequester," avoids massive cuts, and most importantly raises taxes on the wealthy.
2). Expiration of the Bush Tax Cuts. If Congress takes no action at all — something the Republican Congress is very good at doing — all tax rates in America will go up to their Clinton-era levels at year's end. The pressure on Republicans will then be enormous to vote yes on the Democratic bill to restore the Bush tax cuts for the 98% of the population that makes less than $250,000 per year — leaving wealthy Americans paying Clinton-era rates.
After the first of the year, Americans will start seeing an average of over $2,000 per year coming out of their paychecks in withholding. If the Republican leadership refuses to take up the Democratic tax measure, the GOP will be blamed by the voters for the tax increase; it's that simple.
Once the Republican leadership in the House is forced to face reality and bring the bill to a vote, most Republicans will join Democrats in supporting the measure — whether or not it is coupled with any further "spending cuts." Otherwise they will risk being attacked in the 2014 elections for voting against tax cuts for the middle class simply to protect tax breaks for people like Donald Trump.
The president has been clear he will veto any bill that extends the Bush Tax cuts for the wealthy. In the end GOP lawmakers will have no choice but to fold.
3). Republicans are afraid to propose specific cuts to Medicare. Don't get me wrong, Republicans want to destroy Medicare. But their proposal to do that — the Ryan plan to eliminate Medicare and convert it to a voucher program — was soundly discredited in the election.
The GOP understands the power and popularity of Medicare. Without any shame, it ran ad after ad in 2010 and 2012 accusing Obama and Democrats in Congress of "cutting" Medicare by $716 billion as part of ObamaCare. They were, of course, perfectly willing to ignore that benefits actually improved and that these "cuts" were really reductions of insurance company subsidies for the so-called "Medicare-Advantage" program and other forms of inefficiency and waste.
But the point is that the GOP understands that Medicare is very popular and the everyday voters don't want to see it cut to fix the deficit. They understand its electoral power.
That's why yesterday, when Obama administration representatives met with Republicans to present Obama's bargaining position, the Republicans refused to say what additional cuts they wanted in Medicare as the price for tax increases. They demanded that the administration itself detail cuts they might be willing to accept. They want to be able to claim that they supported cuts in Medicare proposed by the Democrats.
Well that isn't going to happen. Democrats have no interest in falling into that trap — or negotiating with themselves — even if they were willing to inflict economic pain on ordinary Americans to fix a deficit problem that ordinary people didn't cause in the first place.
The Republican's best hope for political cover when it comes to Medicare was some kind of bi-partisan panel or "grand bargain" negotiation. But by forcing the GOP to name its own price — to put its cards on the table in public — Obama has forced them to accept full political responsibility for cutting Medicare. That is a big problem for them.
And let's be clear, the GOP understands that it is impossible for them to run a national mobilization to demand cuts in Medicare.
4). Obama has political momentum and public support. Obama and the Democrats just won major victories at the polls. Most Americans favor closing the deficit by raising taxes on the rich. Most Americans opposed closing the deficit by cutting Medicare and Medicaid.
And Obama plans to press this advantage by mobilizing the massive organization he created during the campaign. His allies have organized events all over America starting this weekend to demand action from GOP Members of Congress — rallying its forces around TheAction.org.
The Labor movement has joined the fight with issue ads, press events and thousands of phone calls to Congress.
Progressive organizations like MoveOn and Americans United for Change have swung into action.
Capitalizing on the momentum from his campaign victory, the President is poised to barnstorm around the country to mobilize support his demand that the taxes of ordinary Americans should not be held hostage to tax breaks for the rich.
5) The GOP base, on the other hand, is divided and dispirited. The Romney campaign and Republican operatives had — against all evidence — convinced them that they could and would win the fall elections. They were wrong. The long knives are out in the Republican Party.
Worse, the organizing principle uniting the Tea Party — ousting Obama — is gone. Many of the Tea Party faithful are unlikely to get too worked up about defending tax breaks for Donald Trump and Paris Hilton.
Even in the election campaign, it's hard to argue that Republicans had a real unifying leader they could believe in and follow. Romney will not be remembered as in inspiring figure. But now they have no one. Does anyone expect to see John Boehner barnstorming the country?
A fundamental principle of warfare is that when you have them on the run, that's the time to chase them.
Both the timing of the Lame Duck battle, and Obama's willingness to press his advantage, have denied the Republicans the opportunity to regroup after their devastating election defeat. They are leaderless and disorganized. It's hard to press a counter attack when you are in full retreat.
If the president and Democrats continue to press their advantage, history will remember the battle of the "Lame Duck Fiscal Cliff" as a rout.


text:
This is MORNING EDITION from NPR News. I'm Renee Montagne.
It's March, a month when madness ensues, at least on college basketball courts. Yesterday's action in the NCAA men's tournament saw last year's victor knocked out. It also had a surprise team from last year's Final Four picking up where it left off. That would be Virginia Commonwealth University, which continued its winning ways, beating higher seeded Wichita State. NPR's Tom Goldman was at the game in Portland. We'll hear more from him in a moment. But first we go to NPR's Mike Pesca. He's in Louisville, where Iowa State University defeated the University of Connecticut. The loss ends UConn's quest for back to back championships and could be the last game for its head coach.
MIKE PESCA, BYLINE: For 40 minutes, Jim Calhoun worked the sidelines, pounding his feet in frustration, all but dragging center Andre Drummond out of the game by the scruff of his neck after a blown defensive assignment. He stared down players, pleaded with refs, gestured so emphatically that anyone in the student section could tell where Roscoe Smith was supposed to be on that last possession. But on this night there was more...
UNIDENTIFIED GROUP: (Chanting) ISU, ISU, ISU...
PESCA: ...than Calhoun's troops could overcome. UConn lost, but in a larger sense, this year, they were defeated. Calhoun missed games due to illness and due to suspension for his role in improper recruiting. Add to the 69-year-old's travails the fact that unless the NCAA changes its academic rules, UConn will not be eligible to play in next years tournament. So after the game the question was asked.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Jim, what'll be the process you're going to go through here to decide if you're going to come back and coach next year?
PESCA: This is a real time pause, during which Calhoun simply glared.
JIM CALHOUN: We're talking about tonight's game. We're not talking about me. So I don't think it has any relevance here, to be honest with you.
PESCA: Calhoun has said his retirement is not a given, but this year was so obviously frustrating it might've been the final straw.
CALHOUN: Tonight's game was a disappointment. This season was not a disappointment for me, because I knew, quite frankly, that this team could be very good and we just didn't reach the level. But I always felt badly that this team fought itself so much and probably could've achieved a little more.
PESCA: UConn's three championship seasons were the only times Calhoun's year didn't end on a note of disappointment. That's the life of a big time basketball coach, even one who's achieved extraordinary success, built a program, and pushed the limits for ill and good.
Mike Pesca, NPR News, Louisville, Kentucky.
TOM GOLDMAN, BYLINE: This is Tom Goldman in Portland, where last night VCU upset Wichita State 62-59. Or did they? It was a 12 seed beating a five, but after it was over, vanquished Wichita State head coach Gregg Marshall said about VCU's seeding – really?
GREGG MARSHALL: Forty-four teams in the country I guess are better than them. That's hard for me to imagine.
GOLDMAN: The words of a man who just lived through 40 minutes of Virginia Commonwealth's havoc style of play. Pressure defense that held Wichita State under 60 points for the first time this season. Still, the shockers rallied from a 13-point second half deficit. With a couple of minutes left in the game, there was a scintillating, tit-for-tat sequence of long range shots. First VCU...
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #2: Three, Troy Daniels.
GOLDMAN: Then Wichita State.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #2: Three for Joe Ragland.
GOLDMAN: And finally...
GOLDMAN: The last three pointer, the game winner, was by VCU junior Bradford Burgess. [POST-BROADCAST CORRECTION: Burgess is a senior.] He was a key member of last year's memorable 11th seeded team that rolled past Georgetown, Purdue and Kansas on the way to the Final Four? VCU head coach Shaka Smart thinks too many dismiss last season as a one-off miracle, even though the Rams won 28 games this season and their year-end conference tournament. As always, Smart is making the most of being undervalued.
SHAKA SMART: We kind of put a tape together of some of the pundits making their picks. And I would say probably 95 percent of the people had Wichita State winning this game.
GOLDMAN: He played it for his Rams and put a chip squarely on their shoulders.
SMART: And if you have something to prove, you're just going to play harder. You're going to be a little bit meaner. You're going to be a little tougher out there.
GOLDMAN: VCU's next opponent is Indiana tomorrow. Hoosiers consider yourselves warned. The Rams have a 12th seed, a chip and a belief that history definitely can repeat itself.
Tom Goldman, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


text:
A mogul's Detroit passion gets messy
Quicken Loans chairman Dan Gilbert has big plans for the city, but stirs controversy with his bid for casinos in Ohio and his loan to fallen mayor Kwame Kilpatrick.
DETROIT (Fortune) -- While Detroit booster Dan Gilbert has a passion for the city, where he wants to move 1,700 jobs, it's a romance that's getting complicated.
That's because of his new flirtation across the border and controversy at home. The Quicken Loans founder and chairman is a rising force in Ohio, where he backed a winning referendum Nov. 3 to approve casino gambling. (See editor note at bottom.) That gives Gilbert an exclusive option to build casinos in Cincinnati and Cleveland, and allows another firm, Penn National Gaming, to open casinos in Columbus and Toledo.
To score with voters, Gilbert and other casino backers promised Ohioans at least 16,000 new jobs. But his newfound popularity in Cleveland, where he owns the Cavaliers, isn't resonating in Detroit, where the city's three casinos bring in $1 billion a year or so, and Gilbert's two-city straddle is viewed with concern.
"Bullishness, it seems, has limits when opportunity knocks," wrote Detroit News columnist Daniel Howes.
Gilbert's reputation also took a hit during an Oct. 29 court hearing when exiled Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick testified that he'd been the beneficiary of a secret loan from a powerful Detroit foursome that included Gilbert. The Quicken Loans founder has become a high-profile figure in Detroit, thanks lately to his plan to move his company's headquarters from the suburbs to downtown Detroit.
Compuware CEO Peter Karmanos, racing mogul Roger Penske, PVS Chemicals chief Jim Nicholson, and Gilbert were the generous patrons who promised -- and later delivered -- a $240,000 personal loan to the former mayor, most of it paid as he left jail last February, but promised in August 2008, a month before Kilpatrick left office.
Kilpatrick, who served jail time for lying under oath, was on the witness stand this time over the issue of $900,000 in restitution he owes the city. The resulting controversy was, for the Detroit Four, a public thrashing for their act of civic intervention: The men had moved behind the scenes to end Kilpatrick's endless, operatic maneuvers to stay in office, despite spiraling scandals throughout 2007 and 2008.
In separate statements, Penske, Gilbert, and Karmanos made their case: The payout was no payoff but a tool to help propel the embattled, stubborn mayor out of office and out of Detroit.
"In our view, it was important for the city, and the entire region, that the mayor leave office as soon as it was practical," Gilbert said, referring to "the situation and circumstances that had surrounded former Mayor Kilpatrick and his administration."
Some publicly agreed. Oakland County Executive L. Brooks Patterson, a sometime adversary of Kilpatrick's, termed the money "good intentions by some very solid citizens." He told the Detroit News: "It was an incentive for Kilpatrick to end this useless defense of the Alamo."
Since getting out of jail, Kilpatrick has depended heavily on the kindness of friends. As a sales representative for Covisint, a Compuware (CPWR) subsidiary, he is making a $100,000 salary and living in executive splendor in affluent Southlake, Texas. He and his wife lease a 5,866-square-foot home, complete with pool and landscaped grounds, that was on the market for $1.1 million last year -- quite a pad for an unproven computer-systems salesman.
Although Kilpatrick's administration was dogged by scandal, allegations of corruption, and the eventual publication of steamy text messages between the mayor and his chief of staff, he was an inspiring public speaker who galvanized a period of downtown development. It was Kilpatrick who helped persuade Karmanos, and later Gilbert, that Detroit's future was worth betting on as a corporate hometown.
While the four lenders have not been charged with any wrongdoing, the loan was made privately, which rankles a community tired of behind-the-scenes deals. In another confidential deal, two fired police officers who sued the city ultimately settled for $8.4 million in exchange for their silence. Once the deal leaked out, so did evidence that Mayor Kilpatrick had lied in court. Text messages, including hundreds between Kilpatrick and his chief of staff, longtime friend and lover, Christine Beatty, were published in the Detroit Free Press, destroying his testimony, credibility, and career.
In the week before Kilpatrick's surprise testimony about the loans, Gilbert described his appreciation for the former mayor, describing his passion for the city, his ability to convey that effectively.
"What happened [to him] was just unbelievable and sad, because he had a lot of tools in his toolbox," Gilbert said during an interview in his Quicken office. "The whole thing was disappointing, but I'm more disappointed for the city, because it would have been way better for him to be there and follow through."
Laura Berman is a columnist for the Detroit News.
-- An earlier version of this story incorrectly referred to Dan Gilbert as CEO of Quicken Loans. He is founder and chairman. A corrected version is above.


text:
Digital Fabrication Specialist Needed / Adafruit Jobs Board
The impact you will have at NRI …
From your first day as Digital Fabrication Specialist you will play an essential role as the leader of the 3D Lab in Boston.
What will you be doing?
Lots of things! You will be…
Spreading the word about the value and benefits of 3D printing.
Leading discussions with Industrial Designers, Architects, Hobbyists, Movie Studios, etc regarding 3D print projects.Supporting the sales team by demonstrating technical selling skills and knowledge of 3D services that allow you to communicate effectively with prospects and clients; and achieve sales goals.
Preparing and creating 3D files for printing and providing client support.
Meeting project deadlines and quality standards.Operating a wide array of 3D printing equipment.
Providing 3D software and 3D printer training and workshops.
A key contributor in the redesign and branding of the 3D Lab in Boston.
Maintaining industry knowledge and sales skills by attending workshops, reviewing professional publications; establishing personal networks; participating in professional societies/associations.
Role-Specific Competencies:
3D Evangelist: You are an entrepreneur who is passionate about 3D printing and its capabilities. You want to tell the world about 3D printing and the all the benefits to a client's business.Client Management: You easily establish outstanding and long lasting relationships with clients and potential clients.
Analytical Skills: You think analytically and creatively to make the most of available data. You generate new ideas, takes risks, propose change, encourage innovation, and solve problems creatively.
Comunication: You communicate well both verbally and in writing; utilize appropriate medium for communication based on the situation, deliver effective presentations, share information and ideas with others and have exceptional listening skills. You have the ability to explain abstract / complex concepts to middle & upper management, both verbally and in writing, and influence behavior.
Technical Knowledge & Skills: You easily adapt to new technologies; demonstrate required technical skills; use technology to increase productivity. Specifically, you have a 3D printing background, are knowledgeable in a broad range of industry software applications and an advanced user in at least one 3D modeling application. You know the technical aspects of the printing equipment and enjoy teaching.
Marketing: Working closely with the marketing department you will provide insight and direction in the development of collateral and campaigns.
The NRI experience…
Don't get us wrong, it's not going to be an easy job. Here's the good news: we value creative and bright minds. This is a place where you'll be challenged, inspired, rewarded and transformed. Really you ask? Yes, really. The NRI experience is a two-way exchange. We ask you to give us your very best every day. We expect a lot from you. We challenge you with interesting work, stretch assignments, a collaborative work environment and a ton of learning and growth. In exchange, we give you what you need to live a happy, balanced life. This includes financial rewards for success, paid time off, great benefits, flexibility and, well, whatever else you need. Everyone is unique and we pride ourselves on not having one-size-fits-all solutions. At NRI you're a person, not a title.
What it's like to work at NRI…
It's great! From the President and senior management team to the newest entry-level employee, we are a company that cares a lot about fostering a great work environment and a fun, energetic, success-oriented culture. We have a strong philosophical belief that our people are our most important assets. And we don't just pay lip service to that phrase — we incorporate it into our policies, and we live it every day. Yes, that philosophy means we have generous "traditional" benefits, but it also means we take a lot of time to focus on high quality management and leadership, and time to make sure everyone in the company is in the right job, knows how his or her job contributes to the overall company mission, and has a clear sense of learning and career growth. We have great employee retention over the years because people love coming to work here and really feel like they're part of something special.


text:
Net use
Connects a computer to or disconnects a computer from a shared resource, or displays information about computer connections. The command also controls persistent net connections. Used without parameters, net use retrieves a list of network connections.
net use [{DeviceName | *}] [\\ComputerName\ShareName[\volume]] [{Password | *}]] [/user:[DomainName**\]UserName] [/user:[DottedDomainName\]UserName] [/user:** [UserName**@DottedDomainName] [/savecred**] [/smartcard] [{/delete | /persistent:{yes | no}}]
net use [DeviceName [/home[{Password | *}] [/delete:{yes | no}]]
net use [/persistent:{yes | no}]
DeviceName : Assigns a name to connect to the resource or specifies the device to be disconnected. There are two kinds of device names: disk drives (that is, D: through Z:) and printers (that is, LPT1: through LPT3:). Type an asterisk (*) instead of a specific device name to assign the next available device name.
\\ ComputerName \ ShareName : Specifies the name of the server and the shared resource. If ComputerName contains spaces, use quotation marks around the entire computer name from the double backslash (\\) to the end of the computer name (for example, "\\Computer Name\Share Name"). The computer name can be from 1 to 15 characters long.
\ volume : Specifies a NetWare volume on the server. You must have Client Service for NetWare installed and running to connect to NetWare servers.
Password : Specifies the password needed to access the shared resource. Type an asterisk (*) to produce a prompt for the password. The password is not displayed when you type it at the password prompt.
/user : Specifies a different user name with which the connection is made.
DomainName : Specifies another domain. If you omit DomainName, net use uses the current logged on domain.
UserName : Specifies the user name with which to log on.
DottedDomainName : Specifies the fully-qualified domain name for the domain where the user account exists.
/savecred : Stores the provided credentials for reuse.
/smartcard : Specifies the network connection is to use the credentials on a smart card. If multiple smart cards are available, you are asked to specify the credential.
/delete : Cancels the specified network connection. If you specify the connection with an asterisk (*), all network connections are canceled.
/persistent: { yes | no } : Controls the use of persistent network connections. The default is the setting used last. Deviceless connections are not persistent. Yes saves all connections as they are made, and restores them at next logon. No does not save the connection being made or subsequent connections. Existing connections are restored at the next logon. Use /delete to remove persistent connections.
/home : Connects a user to the home directory.
net help command : Displays help for the specified net command.
Connecting and disconnecting from a network resource
Use net use to connect to and disconnect from a network resource, and to view your current connections to network resources. You cannot disconnect from a shared directory if you use it as your current drive or an active process is using it.
Viewing connection information
To view information about a connection, you can do either of the following:
Type net use DeviceName to get information about a specific connection.
Type net use to get a list of all the computer's connections.
Using deviceless connections
Deviceless connections are not persistent.
Connecting to NetWare servers
After you install and run Client Service for NetWare, you can connect to a NetWare server on a Novell network. Use the same syntax that you use to connect to a Windows Networking server, except you must include the volume you to which you want to connect.
Using quotation marks
If the ServerName that you supply contains spaces, use quotation marks around the text (that is, "Server Name"). If you omit quotation marks, an error message appears.
To assign the disk-drive device name E: to the Letters shared directory on the \\Financial server, type:
net use e: \\financial\letters
To assign (map) the disk-drive device name M: to the directory Mike within the Letters volume on the \\Financial NetWare server, type:
net use m: \\financial\letters\mike
To connect the user identifier Dan as if the connection were made from the Accounts domain, type:
net use d:\\server\share /user:Accounts\Dan
To disconnect from the \\Financial\Public directory, type:
net use f: \\financial\public /delete
To connect to the resource memos shared on the \\Financial 2 server, type:
net use k: "\\financial 2" \memos
To restore the current connections at each logon, regardless of future changes, type:
net use /persistent:yes
Formatting legend
Format |
Meaning |
Italic |
Information that the user must supply |
Bold |
Elements that the user must type exactly as shown |
Ellipsis (...) |
Parameter that can be repeated several times in a command line |
Between brackets ([]) |
Optional items |
Between braces ({}); choices separated by pipe (|). Example: {even|odd} |
Set of choices from which the user must choose only one |
Courier font |
Code or program output |


text:
THE VAMPIRE DIARIES Season 3 Episode 15 : All My Children
After starting her day with a startling discovery of Damon's latest indiscretion, Elena is frustrated to find that none of her friends agree with her on how they should react to the Original family's internal power struggle. Once again caught up in the destiny of the Bennett witches, Bonnie and Abby find themselves playing a part in a ritual to appease the spirits of nature. When Elijah gives Damon and Stefan a dangerous ultimatum that puts El...
Episode Guide
Season 01
Season 02
Season 03
Season 04
Season 05
Season 06
Season 07
Season 08


text:
Miami wide receiver Davone Bess became the latest Dolphins player to question the 0-3 team's preparation, according to the South Florida Sun Sentinel.
Appearing on WQAM-AM Tuesday, Bess was asked about the team's struggles in the red zone, which were exposed in Sunday's 17-16 loss to the Cleveland Browns.
"For the most part, just communication," Bess said. "Whether it's the receivers -- on my behalf, not getting a certain signal, messing up a play that could have potentially been a touchdown, or whether it's the quarterback not giving the signal out and the line not understanding what the protection is. And these are errors that we are causing on ourselves. It's not even the defense. It starts with us.
"A lot of that stems from discipline, a lot of it stems from not putting probably as much time as we should in the meeting rooms ..."
On Monday, Dolphins receiver Brian Hartline offered a similar explanation to WQAM: "... I would say that the biggest thing is probably communication. We did have some situations where Chad [Henne] gave us some different signals, we didn't get them or we're hearing different things."
Henne responded Tuesday, telling the station: "We had great time of possession, we moved the ball great, but just didn't execute enough in the red zone. I think there were some plays out there that we missed. Some communication problems. Just not everybody doing their job."
Running back Reggie Bush criticized the team's practice habits as well on Monday.
"The same things that happen during the games are the same things that are happening in practice," Bush said, according to FoxSports. "It carries over. We have to practice better, and I think once we begin to do that you'll start to see a better team.
"Don't walk off the field until you get it right."
Cornerback Nolan Carroll agreed with Bush.
"Sometimes we let things happen in practice, or we say, 'Oh, we'll correct it in the game,' kind of waiting until Sunday as opposed to Wednesday, Thursday, or Friday, correcting it then and there," Carroll said. "I thought (Bush) hit it right on the head."
It's been a recurring theme in Miami this season. After the Dolphins' loss to Houston in Week 2, linebacker Jason Taylor, safety Yeremiah Bell and rookie running back Daniel Thomasall said the team's struggles stemmed in part from poor habits in practice.


text:
Many people have suggested that the ongoing unrest in North African countries has been generated by high oil prices or problems with oil availability. It is always difficult to be certain about what drives events such as revolutions and civil wars. However, physical models of complex social systems can help us understand what are the driving forces of the events that we see.
One of the lectures of my class in materials science involves showing to the students an inflated balloon. I puncture it with an needle and it explodes. Then I ask to the students to explain to me exactly what has happened. Why did the balloon explode and not just deflate gradually?
It is not an easy question and, usually, my students cannot answer it. We learn as children that some objects break more easily than others. It is after a good number of failures that we learn how to handle glasses and china. And, yes, we do learn that puncturing an inflated balloon with a needle makes it explode. It looks normal to us because we have seen it happening many times. But it is difficult to explain exactly why.
Human societies, it seems, have some elements in common with inflated balloons. A society is not as simple as a balloon, of course, but it can easily explode in revolutions, collapse, breakdowns, civil wars and all sort of rapid and unpredictable changes. Societies, it seems, are fragile, at least in terms of the stability of their governments. This behavior looks normal to us because we have seen it happening many times. But, just as for balloons, it is difficult to explain exactly why societies "explode."
Of course, the difficulty of the problem has not prevented historians from proposing various causes for past collapses and revolutions in terms of economic, political, and social factors. Recently, crude oil has become popular as the cause of dramatic social changes. For instance, the collapse of the Soviet Union has been related to the local peaking of oil production (see this post of mine on The Oil Drum). Could crude oil be the "needle" that has been puncturing North African countries as well?
But how exactly is peak oil related to collapse? Why doesn't society simply adapt to the new conditions? I think we can gain some insight on these points if we consider human societies as complex systems which obey the laws of physics.
There are some common physical elements in the behavior of balloons, human societies and many other systems. One is that these systems accumulate energy. A balloon accumulates energy as pressurized gas, a society accumulates energy in forms that we tend to call "capital" (human capital, monetary capital, industrial capital, etc.). Both inflated balloons and societies are systems defined as "out of thermodynamic equilibrium" because of this accumulated energy.
The second principle of thermodynamics says that system will try to find the fastest possible way to reach equilibrium, that is the condition of maximum entropy. That means dispersing the accumulated energy to the largest possible number of states. The system will do that by following the available pathway that leads faster to that condition.
Thermodynamics doesn't say that a pathway (fast or slow) to equilibrium must necessarily exist. In the case of an inflated balloon, as long as the balloon walls are intact, there is no such pathway and the balloon stays inflated. But, if we puncture the balloon, we create a fast route to entropy increase. In the right conditions, that is, if the accumulated energy is sufficiently large, the crack created by the needle tip generates a rapidly expanding fracture. The balloon explodes.
Human societies are much more complicated than a balloon but, in the end they tend to reach equilibrium by dispersing the accumulated energy - that is, reaching a condition of maximum entropy. That means transforming the accumulated energy into what we call "waste" or "pollution". The dispersal process can take many different routes: a society is a tangle of feedbacks; with some stabilizing the system while others destabilizing it. Societies also grow new structures and new stocks of energy as they exploit natural resources. Then, when the stocks of non renewable energy are gradually exhausted, the rate of energy processing slows down - that's something we sometimes call "The Hubbert cycle." The fact that production shows a peak ("Hubbert's peak") is typical of crude oil, but it is a normal feature of dynamic systems of this kind. The cycle of a society often follows a "bell shaped" curve (e.g. for the Roman Empire)
Sometimes, the process of energy dispersal is smooth, but sometimes it is not smooth at all. Societies seem to be easily subjected to rapid and sudden changes as the system finds new pathways to disperse energy. In some cases, a growing society gets rid of a stumbling block to energy dispersal. This could be a good model for events such as the French Revolution that found such a stumbling block in the aristocrats of the time. In other cases, when a society is declining or reaching a peak, the problem may be that some structures built in order to manage large fluxes of energy become useless and must disappear. That may have been the case of the Red Army and of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union. In all cases, the social system is blocked in an out of equilibrium condition because of the lack of a path to release the stored energy. Such a path may be created, however, by positive feedbacks generated by apparently minor events, for instance an increase in oil prices. Then, when the pathway appears, the transition may be abrupt: it is what we call revolution or collapse.
How about Northern African countries? In this case, we don't have yet a clear picture yet of what is happening, especially for the case of Libya. But we know that the uprising in Egypt arrived shortly after that the curve of internal consumption crossing the one of national production. Egypt "exploded" when it became a net importer of crude oil (see e.g. this paper by Gail Tverberg). Tunisia went along the same path with consumption surpassing production around 2001. In the new condition of oil scarcity, these societies needed to get rid of energy expensive structures in the form of static governments that had been around for decades. That, of course, was not easy to do and it needed a trigger; something that released the accumulated pressure. Not unlike a punctured balloon.
We should always be careful about simple explanations for complex events. More than all, we should be wary of falling in the trap of seeing a simple chain of cause and effects in complex systems. Oil prices are not a "cause" of the unrest - just a trigger for something that needed to happened for other reasons.
But, even with these caveats, we know that oil - as our main source of energy - plays a role in the recent unrest in North Africa and will continue to do so in the future -. and not just in North Africa.
To know more about energy dispersal and entropy in out of equilibrium systems, you may give a look the papers by Arto Annila and coworkers at the University of Helsinki. Not the kind of stuff you read to relax in the evening, but - if you can manage to digest it, at least in part - it can answer a lot of questions you have always been wondering about.


text:
Gerald Carr
Gerald Carr was an American astronaut who was born on August 22, 1932 in Colorado. Before he became an astronaut, he served as a Marine pilot. He has logged over 6100 hours.
Carr became an astronaut in 1966. He spent over 84 days in space on only one space flight.
In 1973, Carr commanded Skylab 4. Skylab 4 is America's longest space flight, spending over 84 days in orbit around the Earth. The Skylab mission was to conduct experiments concerning Earth, biology, and the sun. Carr helped perform many of these experiments and also spent over 16 hours on spacewalks.
The Skylab 4 mission is also famous for being the first mission where the space crew to go "on strike." The crew complained of overwork, and thus took some time off in space.


text:
Full Fun Ahead.
All aboard for take off. Full fun ahead. Everything is so easy to get to in Kalamazoo. The Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport (AZO) is served by major airlines and offers worldwide connections to major hubs throughout the Midwest. Car rental agencies are located at the airport and throughout Kalamazoo.
The historic downtown transportation center has Amtrak trains to and from major destinations like Chicago and Detroit. You also have convenient access to Greyhound and Indian Trails bus lines, and once you've arrived, efficient local public transportation is available from Metro Transit bus service, as well as limousine and taxi services.


text:
Free 30-Day Trial
Join the proud team of VIN Consultants and Associate Editors!Call Paul D. Pion, DVM, DACVIM (Cardiology) at 530-757-6881 or email Paul.
The VIN consultant team is a group of the most dedicated and talented leaders in veterinary medicine. They work with all VIN colleagues to help you better manage your cases, and most importantly to help all VINners learn from each other.
There are currently 276 active Consultants and Associate Editors.


text:
Hey there everyone :) Well... it is Sunday night here in Aus... where DOES the weekend go? We've had the busiest weekend. Good, but busy.
There is a new challenge over at MDUC today - Let it Snow (although you probably guessed that from the title of my post). I am well and truly in the mood for Christmas now so thought I'd make some snow flake shape ornaments.
I inked up two older Tilda's for my snowflakes (the one with the stripy dress is Tilda with Wreath from the Christmas 2006 collection). I finally bought some light coloured Memento ink so I could give the 'no lines' look a go. I quite like how the one on the left turned out, I think it is because of all of the detail in Tilda's dress and wreath.
The snowflakes are cut with the Spellbinders "Fleur de lis" pendant die. All of the flowers are from Wild Orchid Crafts.
I hope you get a chance to play along with us this week! We'd love to see your take on "Let it Snow".
Hugs Kylie x


text:
Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more.
No. The building permit must be paid for and signed at the counter. The City accepts check or cash for payment.
Show All Answers
Submit your inspection request to email@example.com and include the following information:
The Building Permit Tech will call you and let you know:
The Building Department only accepts cash and check for payment.
Visit the Building Department during counter hours (Monday through Thursday 8 to 11:30 a.m.) and ask to see Building Permit History files for a particular address.
You can submit an application for a permit between 8 and 11:30 a.m. Monday through Thursday. The City accepts payment in the form of cash or check.
Yourself as owner / builder or a licensed contractor. As an owner / builder, please review these important documents:
Find more information about grading permits by reading the grading permit requirements document (PDF).
Find information about grading plans by reading this engineered grading document (PDF).
Find information on the tree removal permit in the Trees section of the Planning Department.
For additional information contact the Building Department at 831-440-5630, Fax at 831-438-2793, or email us.


text:
As I headed to Albany, New York last week to film a 90 minute public television special, as well as 6 hours of additional DVD content that would be included as part of the PBS fundraising pledge package, I knew I was walking into a situation that was completely out of my comfort zone. I so wanted to feel like I was going to just nail it on that television set, that I would get it all perfectly right on my first try, that I would wow everyone with my professionalism and TV chops, that everyone would come to me later and say, "Lissa, you're a natural!"
So I loaded myself up with expectations, hoping I'd get it right, wanting to impress my producers and please my publisher and all that jazz. Naturally, heaping myself with expectations of perfection only left me feeling stressed and overwhelmed in the months before the film date. And then, suddenly, I was backstage, about to appear before a live studio audience to deliver what I hoped would be a perfect performance. (No biggie.)
Permission To Be Imperfect
Suddenly, inside my head, I heard the soothing voice of Brené Brown (with whom I just did a free teleclass – you can listen to us here). When Brené was about to appear on Oprah's Super Soul Sunday, she wrote herself a permission slip, which she hid in her pocket. The permission slip said, "Permission to be imperfect." So right there, back in the wings, I wrote myself the same permission slip, and when I stood in front of that studio audience, I told everyone to bear with me because I was about to give an imperfect performance.
I then proceeded to royally flub up several times, stuttering over my words and misreading the teleprompter. Fortunately, the special was prerecorded! All I had to do when I screwed up was stop, admit my mistake, and try again. The audience had even been prepped so that if I said the same thing twice, they were supposed to pretend they were hearing my hopefully wise words for the very first time!
What If Life Had "Do Overs?"
After a few mistakes and do overs, I said to the audience, "Wouldn't life be great if we were allowed to just pause and get a 'Do over' in other aspects of our life?" And then I realized I've done just that. I married imperfectly – twice – and I've now been with husband #3 for almost eleven years. (Do over! Do over!) I wound up unhappy in my job as a practicing physician, so I went through a massive career change. (Do over!) My health broke down because I wasn't caring for my body or my mind, but I was blessed to get a do over in my health and am now down to half the dose of one of the seven medications I was once taking.
I have been pausing, admitting my mistakes, and doing life over again time after time! And this, I'm realizing, is one of the essential keys to a happy life.
The Pressure Of Perfection
Perfectionism can be a real joy killer. If I had been too afraid to appear imperfect, I might have stayed in two unhappy marriages or kept a job that was sucking the life out of me.
Perfectionism can also be a barrier to intimacy, as well as a potent form of self-sabotage. If I had been committed to trying to give a perfect performance in front of the live studio audience, I might have missed the chance to giggle and connect with the audience the way I did when I flubbed up my words and exposed my imperfections. They might have wrongly assumed that I had it all together, when the honest truth was that I was terrified to be doing something so far outside of my comfort zone. As soon as I let go of the expectation of perfection in myself, my whole body relaxed. I could be imperfect! And I would still be good enough…
I realize that's what it really comes down to. When I'm too focused on being perfect, it's usually because, deep in the shadows lies a basic lack of worthiness. Some part of me thinks that, if only I overdeliver, I'll finally be good enough.
But beneath that shadowy part of myself lies something deeper, something more true, something I call my Inner Pilot Light, and that part of me know that I am – and YOU are – inherently worthy simply because we all have sparks of Divinity within us, and we don't have to prove anything in order to earn that worth.
Excellence Or Perfectionism?
I notice in myself this struggle between the quest for excellence and the tug of perfectionism. Where is the line? How much striving for excellence is noble versus how much is just ego, rearing its overfluffed head?
Heading into the filming of this public television special, I was aware that, yes, the stakes were high. Yes, my publisher had invested a lot of money to produce this special. Yes, a lot of people will view it. And of course, I want to do a good job.
The same was true in my career as a doctor. A person's life is on the line. The stakes are high. You don't want your surgeon to be one of those medical school slackers who swears by the "C=MD" formula! But is it really necessary to push yourself to be top of your class like I did?
Here are my thoughts on how to tell the difference.
5 Tips For Avoiding Perfectionism
1. Give 90%.
90% of the pain of perfectionism comes from trying to eke out that last 10%, when 90% is pretty damn excellent.
2. Choose ease.
If you're finding yourself pushing, striving, trying too hard, or if your work becomes burdensome, you feel the pressure piling on, and you're in "fight-or-flight" all the time, you're edging beyond the desire for excellence into perfectionism territory. As Christiane Northrup taught me, try being less sperm, more egg.
You'll know you're really in the flow when you're doing great work, but it doesn't feel like struggle, when you get winks from the Universe, things line up easily, and the quality of your work doesn't suffer – you just didn't have to suffer in order to achieve great things.
3. Know your inherent worthiness.
As long as we look outside ourselves for validation that we are enough, we will always be tempted to overdeliver. Try repeating affirmations that remind you that your value lies within. "I am more than enough." Lather. Rinse. Repeat.
4. Send your Gremlin to time out.
There's a voice in your head that can be a nasty bastard. I call it "The Gremlin," and it's the voice of your fearful, insecure inner critic. If you're not maxing out your output, giving to the point of depletion (and for many of us, even then!) your Gremlins might be tempted to wage war.
Instead of letting your Gremlins get the best of you, listen to your Inner Pilot Light and know that you don't need to be perfect. In fact, as Brené Brown teaches in The Gifts Of Imperfection, your imperfections are actually the gateway to intimacy, the way people can relate to you. Who can relate to anyone who never makes mistakes? (BO-RING!)
5. Set goals but release attachment to outcomes.
It's one thing to set the goal of delivering a genius manuscript or a standing ovation performance or a gold star sales report or a successful surgical outcome or the desire to win the case/ land the client/ get the deal. It's another to place your sense of value in how much you achieve.
Instead, do the best you can (well, 90% of your best) and then let it go. Trust. Have faith. And lean into your own sense of inherent worthiness.
Are You A Perfectionist?
Tell us your stories…
Imperfectly yours,
Enjoy this post? Subscribe here so you don't miss the next one.


text:
The Public Administrator may be appointed under the following circumstances:
Show All Answers
Probate is started when someone – the named executor, next–of–kin, or the Public Administrator – files a petition to open a probate proceeding with the Superior Court.
The Court will set a hearing on the petition and determine who should be appointed to administer the estate. Letters of Administration are issued by the Court and constitute legal authority for the appointed Personal Representative or Administrator to take over all aspects of the decedent's estate.
The Personal Representative or Administrator will arrange for the funeral, if not already arranged, and must marshal (collect for safekeeping) and evaluate (value as of the decedent's date of death) all assets, debts and other interests of the decedent. This information is summarized in an Inventory & Appraisal of the estate, which is filed with the Court and copied to all interested persons. Notices are mailed to family/heirs, creditors and other interested parties, and a hearing may be conducted to resolve any questions or concerns about the assets and debts of the estate.
The Personal Representative or Administrator evaluates claims against the estate, pays taxes and expenses as needed, sells assets as needed, determines who is entitled to the remaining estate, if any, and concludes all matters affecting the estate. The Personal Representative or Administrator will prepare a final accounting of all actions taken to settle the estate, and file it with the Court. A copy of the final accounting is mailed to all interested persons.
The Court will hold a hearing on the handling of the estate and review the final accounting. Once approved, the Personal Representative or Administrator is discharged and the probate proceeding is concluded.
The Public Administrator is a County official, established by State law. California became a State when gold was found at Sutter's Mill in 1848. After the office of Sheriff was established in 1850, to maintain law and order, and a very cold winter struck in 1850-51, many people died. To take protective possession of the property left behind by deceased miners and other transient residents from out of state, the office of the Public Administrator was established for each County in 1851.
The Public Administrator has the legal authority to take protective custody of property of a decedent, and to investigate the decedent's assets and obligations, family and other interested persons, and related information. The Public Administrator may open probate for the decedent's estate, or refer the estate to the appropriate person(s) for administration.
The California Probate Code provides for statutory fees for executors, administrators and their attorneys. The Public Administrator and attorneys for the Public Administrator are entitled to the same compensation. Statutory fees are based on the value of the estate.
Statutory fees are as follows:
In addition to statutory fees the Court, upon request, will award extraordinary fees for such extra work as selling real and personal property, petitioning for determination of heirship, litigation to collect assets, and defending actions against the estate and other similar matters. All fees must be approved by the Probate Court, in the accounting.
A formal probate proceeding is supervised by the Court and generally applies to estates with a date-of-death value exceeding $150,000.00.
Where the total value of the estate does not exceed $150,000.00, California law (Probate Code §7660) authorizes the Public Administrator to administer the estate with limited or no court supervision. Summary proceedings are only authorized for the Public Administrator and the law provides for a minimum fee ($1,000.00). A summary probate proceeding is considerably more economical and efficient than a formal probate proceeding.
At the time of the original investigation, the Deputy Public Administrator looks for all leads which may indicate assets of the decedent. These leads are followed up in due course, and the assets collected and (usually) liquidated, during the administration of the estate. Unless someone has deliberately hidden assets, all assets are usually located before the close of the administration.
A Deputy Public Administrator will work with the family to make the necessary funeral arrangements, either at the family's request or in the absence of family.
Arrangements will be made commensurate with any pre-need plans of the decedent or the ability of the estate to pay. All deceased persons will be afforded a dignified burial when possible.
If you paid the debts of the decedent or incurred charges directly connected with the decedent's death or paid part of the funeral expenses, immediately notify the administrator. You may be a creditor of the estate. Creditors must file a Creditor's Claim with documents supporting the claim within four (4) months after the appointment of the estate's personal representative or administrator. Creditor Claim forms may be obtained from the Court, at any legal bookstore, from the California Judicial Council online, or by mail from the Public Administrator.
Funeral expenses are a priority claim and are paid when sufficient estate funds are available. If a funeral director or mortuary is contacting family members or heirs for payment, they should be referred to the personal representative or administrator. The estate may reimburse reasonable funeral expenses.
Federal estate taxes will be paid from the estate at the rate and estate exclusion that apply to the year of death. There are no inheritance taxes in California.
A complete accounting will be filed with the Court and provided to all interested parties prior to the final distribution of the estate. This Final Account is set for a hearing and interested parties are notified. Prior to the filing of the Final Account, indications regarding the value of the estate or an heir's share of the estate are estimates only.
The primary function of the Public Administrator is to administer estates. Estate administration involves collecting assets, paying debts, locating heirs, creditors and other interested parties, as well as seeking instructions from and complying with Court orders. At the conclusion of the administration the Final Accounting is prepared and the residual estate, if any, is distributed. The Public Administrator also provides notice to creditors, heirs or legatees, and other interested parties, and responds to all requests for information regarding the progress of an estate's administration, as promptly as possible.
The Public Administrator endeavors to complete investigations and petition for appointment as quickly as possible. The timeline for administration varies greatly depending on the complexity of the estate.
Personal property (furniture, jewelry, art, etc.) is sold to satisfy estate debts and costs of administration. Generally, most heirs desire a liquidation of the estate, to receive a cash distribution. The Public Administrator works with known heirs to determine the desired disposition of property, when there are sufficient proceeds to pay debts and costs. Some items may be distributed in-kind to heirs. The value of the items is then deducted from the receiving heir's share. Heirs may attend auctions and purchase any items from the estate.
Real property (house, vacant land, commercial property, oil & mineral rights), is also sold to satisfy estate debts and costs of administration. In the event the estate has sufficient cash to satisfy estate debts and costs and an heir desires to retain the real property, the heir should speak directly with the Public Administrator's staff to formalize an agreement.
All sales are governed by the California Probate Code. All probate assets are appraised by a Court appointed appraiser. All real property is sold at auction or by private sale after notice of sale and subject to confirmation by the Court.
Estate distribution will occur upon completion and approval of the Final Account.
With formal probates, a copy of the Final Account will be mailed to the creditors, heirs or legatees, and other interested parties when filed for Court hearing and approval. For the Public Administrator's summary proceedings, a copy of the Final Account will be provided upon request.


text:
A Mediterranean diet incorporates the traditional healthy living habits of people from countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea, including France, Greece, Italy and Spain.
The Mediterranean diet varies by country and region, so it has a range of definitions. But in general, it's high in vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, beans, cereals, grains, fish, and unsaturated fats such as olive oil. It usually includes a low intake of meat and dairy foods.
The Mediterranean diet has been linked with good health, including a healthier heart.
You can make your diet more Mediterranean-style by:
The Mediterranean diet is very similar to the government's healthy eating advice, which is set out in the Eatwell Guide.
The guide shows what foods are needed for a healthy, balanced diet and how much you should eat of each food group:
You don't need to achieve this balance with every meal, but try to get it right over the course of a day or even a week.
Page last reviewed: Fri Dec 2017 Next review due: Tue Dec 2020