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Sri Srimad Bhaktivedanta Narayana Maharaja
Alachua, USA, May 24, 2001
Yesterday we were explaining sadhana. When our objective is to attain rati, and with these material senses - the tongue, mind, etc. - we do our sadhana, only then will it be real sadhana; otherwise not. First there must be the objective: "I want to attain rati." What is rati? Rati is that mood of our specific relationship with Krsna - which should be our objective."
rucibhis citta-masrnya-
krd asau bhava ucyate
["When devotional service is executed on the transcendental platform of pure goodness, it is like a sun-ray of love for Krsna. At such a time, devotional service causes the heart to be softened by various tastes, and one is then situated in bhava (emotion)." (Madhya lila 23.5)]
What is this bhava? We should know. If you don't know what is bhava, what is rati, then how can your objective be to attain it? If you do not know this, how can you do sadhana? If, not knowing this you are doing 'sadhana', it will not be sadhana. It may be sadhana-abhasa, or even less than that. It is not actually bhakti. We are all in this category.
What is rati? What is the meaning of suddha-sattva-visesatma? What is sattva? What is suddha-sattva? What is visuddha-sattva? What is suddha-sattva-visesatma? There are four truths to know.
What is sattva?
Devotee: Sattva means goodness and suddha-sattva means non-material goodness.
Srila Narayana Maharaja: No. Try to attend the classes of the devotees. You should not think, "I know everything, I am the master of all." Try to give up this false ego. Be humble and try to attend the classes of Madhava Maharaja, Aranya Maharaja, Vana Maharaja, Tirtha Maharaja, Syamarani, and such qualified Vaisnavas, and then you will become qualified.
We must know what is sattva, and then we must know what is suddha-sattva. Sattva means existence. This body is material sattva. It has no actual existence. All kinds of existence in this world and that transcendental world are sattva. Sattva is of two kinds: Suddha-sattva and misra-sattva. All the souls who are captured in the material energy are now misra-sattva. One who gives up the material sattva and considers himself an infinitesimal part of the Lord, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, is suddha-anucit. Transcendental substance is called suddha-sattva.
Next, what is suddha-sattva-visesatma? What is this type of suddha-sattva? Baladeva Prabhu is the origin of all suddha-sattva, transcendental existence, and everything that exists in this world also comes from Him. He is the presiding Deity of sandini-sakti, Krsna's potency of existence. Everything that comes directly from this sandini-sakti in the form of Baladeva is suddha-sattva. Do you understand?
Perhaps after two days you will forget this, and therefore you should try to note it down in your heart. Suddha-sattva-visesatma. Hladini-sakti and samvit-sakti belong to the category of the svarupa-sakti of Krsna. Krsna's svarupa-sakti is hladini and samvit. Hladini-sakti is love and affection, with ananda. Samvit means knowledge. From that knowledge all the various kinds of bhava to serve Krsna which are in Radhika may partly come in the jiva. The essence of hladini and samvit, on the platform of sandini, is suddha-sattva visesatma.
How will it come? It will not come by any sadhana that can be performed by a jiva. It will come by krpa-siddha. What is krpa-siddha? It is perfection by mercy. Mercy is of two kinds. The first is Krsna's mercy, and that includes the mercy of Srimati Radhika, Vrnda, and all tadiya, associates. Secondly, mercy comes from high-class devotees of Krsna, like Sankara, Narada Gosvami, Uddhava, and even more advanced than that, Rupa Gosvami, Raghunatha dasa Gosvami, Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Gosvami Prabhupada, Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura, our Gurudeva, our Srila Swami Maharaja, and others in this line.
Devotee: And you.
Srila Narayana Maharaja: Not myself. I want to be the dust of their lotus feet. This comes by mercy only. It comes when we surrender and we hanker for rati, always weeping and thinking that we will do everything necessary to attain it, and meanwhile always hankering after the mercy of Krsna and devotees. At that time the devotees' hearts will be melted by seeing our eagerness and endeavors to practice bhakti, in the same way that Krsna looked towards the efforts of mother Yasoda and His heart was melted. If their hearts are not melting by seeing your efforts, they will not sprinkle their mercy. They will think, "Oh, he is very proud. He has so much false ego and so many worldly desires. He is not endeavoring. Although he is sleeping and not chanting, still he is proudly thinking, 'Oh, I have done sixteen rounds of harinama.' This will not do."
You have seen in the lives of Srila Raghunatha dasa Gosvami and Srila Rupa Gosvami that they have accepted four qualities:
trnad api sunicena
taror api sahisnuna
amanina manadena
kirtaniyah sada harih
Being humble like a blade of grass, more tolerant than a tree, and unselfish, their lives were totally for others. They were always giving proper honor to all Vaisnavas. They were never criticizing others, whether those persons were wrong or right - especially worldly persons. They are always praising the devotees, Krsna, bhakti and so on.
Never criticize anyone, whether he is a very wretched person or lusty, no matter what he is doing. If you do, all those bad qualities will come into you. Give proper respect to all, and don't have any ambition or desire to be respected. You should especially follow Srila Rupa Gosvami and Raghunatha dasa Gosvami. Accept whatever is favorable for bhakti. Whatever is unfavorable for bhakti, whether it is your body, friends, society, wife, children, wealth, or even your life, you will try to give up. Do these things properly.
What is the first thing to do? You should accept any transcendental guru - even if he is a madhyama-adhikari. He must be selfless, expert in all kinds of siddhanta and in removing all kinds of doubts, and he should never have any worldly desires. Then, duly take diksa initiation in the real sense. Daily chant harinam, continuously, and whatever mantras Guru Maharaja has given, you should also do daily. This is lacking in all devotees. They do not chant, they do not even have tulasi mala, and still they are telling of themselves, "I am a disciple of Srila Prabhupada" or any other guru. You should know the meaning of your mantra, and you should know who is the predominating Deity of that mantra and what your relationship is with that Deity. You should have strong belief in those Deities, that they will support and nourish you. This is called prapatti.
Next is saranagati. If you have belief in Krsna, and you have given yourself at His lotus feet, why are you worried about maintaining your life? If Krsna can create this whole world, this whole universe, in a moment, and you are taking shelter of that very Krsna who is so powerful, why are you worried?
I have seen so many small dogs with their masters. The master puts a belt around the dog's neck and attaches a chain to that belt. Then the master takes him walking. If that small dog sees a very big dog coming, he wants to jump and bark. When he is walking alone, however, he will run away. He is proud when he is with his master. He thinks that his master has a gun, and if anyone attacks he will shoot him. He is such a powerful master.
Similarly, if you have taken shelter of the Supreme Master, who is so powerful, why fear for your maintenance? If you are worried for this, you have not really surrendered. There is a loophole at the root, and this is why you want to have a very good house, good family, and so on. You have no faith in Krsna. This is lacking. Even though our gurus have opened our eyes to see, still we try to keep our eyes closed. Try to see and understand all these things, then suddha-sattva may come. Otherwise, how can it come?
If the devotees' hearts are not melting in Goloka Vrndavana Dhama by seeing all your endeavors, they will not pray to Krsna, and without their prayers, Krsna's mercy cannot come. Krsna's mercy is dependent on His devotees' mercy.
Try to please devotees. If you cannot please your gurudeva who always wants to sprinkle his mercy, if you cannot serve him, if you cannot make his heart melt, then how can you receive mercy? There must be a loophole at the root of your bhakti. Something is wrong. If you do not know all truths about the mantra, how will the effect of the mantra come? How can it come? You are planting the seed on barren land, on sand, and yet you think, "Very soon it will sprout."
Even one name, in one mantra, chanted even one time, can give the result. Yet, your gurudeva has told you that you should practice chanting this mantra ten times, or one hundred and eight times, or even more than this. Nyasa means to take a sankalpa, a vow, that, "I will follow all these principles." You must promise, "I will certainly do all these things." That is nyasa. If you are not really following, you will not get the result.
First you should obey Srila Rupa Gosvami's Upadesamrta, and then Srila Raghunatha dasa Gosvami's Manah-Siksa:
gurau gosthe gostalayisu sujane bhusura-gane
sva-mantre sri-namni vraja-nava-yuva-dvandva-sarane
sada dambham hitva kuru ratim apurvam atitara
maye svantar bhratas catubhir abhiyace dhrta-padah
["O my dear brother, my foolish mind! Taking hold if your feet, I humbly pray to you with sweet words. Please give up all pride and quickly develop sublime and incessant rati for Sri Gurudeva, Sri Vraja-dhama, the residents of Vraja, the Vaisnavas, the brahmanas, your diksa-mantra, the holy names of the Supreme Lord, and the shelter of Kisora-Kisori, Sri Sri Radha-Krsna, the eternally youthful divine couple of Vraja." (Sloka One)]
You should follow all these practices. Don't neglect your diksa-mantras and harinama. Make your goal rati. First comes sraddha, then nistha, ruci, asakti, and then rati. You should have this rati for chanting nama, but first have it for guru, both siksa and diksa-guru. The next word in the sloka is gostha. Have rati for the dhama: Nandagram, Varsana, Radha-kunda, Puri, and all the pastime places. The next word is gostalayisu, love and affection for those who are there in the dhama: Nanda Baba, Yasoda Mayia, and all others. Have rati for Rupa Gosvami, Sanatana Gosvami, and for all those who are in our sampradaya. Also, you should honor those who are not in our sampradaya, those in the Nimbaditya sampradya, and all others. You should also give proper respect to them. Don't criticize them. We should also respect brahmanas. Even if they are not one-pointed to Krsna, still try to honor them. Especially have love and affection for harinama and our mantras, and also for Radha-Krsna Yugala and Caitanya Mahaprabhu.
In this way give proper respect to all, have abundant rati, love and affection, for all of these, and go on practicing. Then, the mercy of the Vaisnavas, the mercy of Krsna will come and you can realize all these things. This is our objective now. We should therefore follow all these principles and try to realize them.
Gaura Premanande!


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LA Sanitation (LASAN) is responsible for the collection and removal of all solid materials and waste in the City of Los Angeles. The City collects an average of 6,652 tons per day of refuse, recyclables, yard trimmings, horse manure and bulky items from more than 750,000 homes.
We have over 500 collection vehicles and most of them are using clean fuel. In fact, LASAN has the largest fleet of clean fuel vehicles in the United States!
The refuse goes to landfills, the recycling goes to centers that can use it to make new products, and the green waste is turned into mulch, which we give away FREE to City residents.
In addition to collecting solid waste from homes, LASAN also picks up bulky items and abandoned waste across the City. Mayor Eric Garcetti's Clean Streets LA program will add 5,000 more trashcans to the streets in addition to focusing on blighted areas across LA to clean up neighborhoods and improve quality of life.
LA Sanitation is also in the process of transitioning to a new waste and recycling system for all businesses and large apartment complexes which will reduce street impacts, reduce air pollution and increase landfill diversion.… all while providing lower rates and better service.If you have any questions about our services, please call our 24-hour Customer Care Center at 1-800-773-2489.
LASAN collects over one million tons of refuse annually from 750,000 customers, replaces bins, and conducts maintenance and field repairs for over 750 customers daily.
Responsible waste management is key to environmental sustainability, climate change efforts, and reducing greenhouse gases. LA is ranked top recycler out of the 10 largest U.S. cities.
With LASAN leading the way, the City of Los Angeles is transitioning to a new waste and recycling system for all businesses and large apartment complexes beginning in summer 2017.
Green waste such as grass, leaves and branches from your yard, as well as fruit and vegetables from the garden or market, is biodegradable and reduces the refuse sent to landfills when recycled.
CLARTS is the City owned waste transfer station, used to temporarily store refuse before being transported to a landfill. Landfills are environmentally safe final disposal locations for waste.

subset: commoncrawl


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Without donors, Aleteia's future is uncertain.
Join our Lenten Campaign 2024.
Join our Lenten Campaign 2024.
In his small parish outside of Venezuela's capital, Caracas, Father Maximo Mateos is filling his chalice with less than half the amount of wine he formerly used.
The priests at Our Lady of the Rosary Parish in Caracas are precariously close to running out of sacramental wine.
And for the Sisters of the Adoration, finding good wheat flour to make Communion wafers is becoming harder and more expensive.
In Venezuela, sporadic shortages of basic goods can turn a roll of toilet paper into a rare commodity; add bread and wine to the list of scarce products.
Catholic leaders in the South American country have advised priests to conserve what supplies they have as they search for an alternative supply to ease the shortage.
In the publication La Iglesia Ahora, three bishops said there is an "extreme need" for supplies of wine. The supplier, Bodegas Pomar, "can't guarantee consistent production and regular distribution due to the lack of some goods needed to bottle the product."
Phone messages left for Bodegas Pomar were not returned, but church officials said less than three months of wine remained in storage.
"We've had to do what we can to conserve while hoping that it's just a temporary shortage," Father Mateos told Catholic News Service. "We do live in a country where shortages of all things are common. So this is not uncommon."
Supplies of everything from toilet paper to milk, sugar and oil sporadically disappear from store shelves.
In late May, authorities seized 2,500 rolls of toilet paper, 7,000 liters of juice and 400 diapers from a clandestine warehouse in Caracas — proof, the government said, of hoarding that is to blame for the shortages.
The Venezuelan government announced in early June that it would start testing a program designed to prevent hoarding. The program will digitally track shoppers in the state of Zulia, which includes the country's second-largest city, Maracaibo, and will limit the amount of basic goods they can buy in one day. The pilot program will be put in place in 65 supermarkets, officials said.
The government of oil-rich Venezuela has kept in place price and currency controls introduced under the government of President Hugo Chavez, who died in March after a prolonged battle with cancer. Those restrictions have limited the availability of products to consumers.
"They have kept the prices down with controls, and that has kept inflation relatively low, but it can't last," said economist Robert Bottome, who runs a consultancy in Caracas. "Things are going to get worse."
Chavez's successor, Nicolas Maduro, has tried to ease some of the pressures by making the dollar more available to some businesses, thereby allowing them to import more goods, but shortages have persisted.
In Caracas, a member of the Sisters of the Adoration, who produce wafers for Communion, said they have started buying flour in local bakeries and pastry shops because finding pure wheat flour has become more difficult.
That has raised prices, limiting the number of wafers they turn out. The congregation has cut production by two-thirds in recent years.
Father Honegger Molina of La Boyera parish told local reporters that he used to receive 10,000 wafers at a time from the congregation, but now "they tell me to take 2,000 and come back in 15 days for 2,000 more."
The situation is more difficult when it comes to sacramental wine, which has to be pure and without additives, making finding alternatives difficult.
Jose Antonio Conceicao, who works in the liturgy department at the Venezuelan bishops' conference, said the number of Masses will not be reduced due to the shortage. Catholic leaders, he said, believe the shortage will only be temporary as they are working to find another supply.
Catholic leaders said they are talking with suppliers in neighboring Colombia, but that no supply has yet been located.
Meanwhile, parishes are saving what they can.
"We're asking other parishes for help, but it's something we're all going through," said a representative for Our Lady of the Rosary Parish. "We just hope what little we have will last until they find a solution."
Father Pablo Urquiaga, a priest at Resurrection of the Lord Parish in Caracas, said the temporary shortage can serve as a reminder of what's important.
"We should worry ourselves more with the quality of our Masses and less with the quality of the wine," he said.


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Petersen's resignation from office comes almost three months to the day after his arrest on numerous criminal charges in connection with his private adoption and legal practice. Board members called on him to resign that same week.
The Board of Supervisors suspended Petersen on October 28, 2019 pursuant to ARS 11-664 as a result of his absence from office while in custody, and a county audit that found Petersen had misused taxpayer resources while in office. Mr. Petersen appealed the suspension and filed a written request on November 7, 2019 asking the Board to hold a hearing regarding his suspension. The Board set a hearing for December 11, 2019 and requested the County Attorney conduct an investigation. Mr. Petersen's counsel presented at the December 11th hearing. The independent investigation uncovered evidence that Petersen may have violated additional statutes. Thousands of files related to Petersen's adoption business were found on his county-issued computers and network. The investigation also found that Petersen's government-issued laptop was wiped clean the day after he was released from jail and again two weeks later. The Board of Supervisors sustained Petersen's suspension on December 27, 2019. Mr. Petersen was in the process of serving the remainder of the 120-day suspension when he chose to resign.
State law assigns the Board of Supervisors responsibility for appointing a new county assessor in the case of a vacancy. The process for making that appointment is not defined by statute and the Board will determine next steps in the coming weeks. While the office is vacant, acting administrator Bill Wiley will continue to lead the Assessor's Office.


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CEDAR FALLS, Iowa – No. 13 Creighton discovered a lesson nearly as old as college hoops itself. When you're playing a league game on the road against a team hitting its shots, you're probably in trouble.
Antoine Young and the Bluejays did nearly everything they could to stave off the upset, but Anthony James buried a 3 as time expired as Northern Iowa upset the Bluejays 65-62 on Saturday, snapping their 11-game winning streak.
James scored 14 of his 16 points in the second half and Seth Tuttle added 13 points for the Panthers (16-9, 6-7 MVC), who handed visiting Creighton (21-3, 11-2) its first loss since late-December.
"He makes them from a lot of places," Northern Iowa coach Ben Jacobson said about James. "He got himself to a spot where he was closer to the basket and just felt more comfortable. That was a big play."
The first big play of a thrilling finale came from Young, who saw his teammates heavily guarded and pulled up from the top of the key to tie it at 62. James dribbled the length of the court, stepped back from the wing and kept his shooting hand in the air after the game-winner, which sent Panthers fans streaming onto their home court.
Young scored 23 points and Doug McDermott, who originally committed to Northern Iowa, had 18 points and 12 rebounds for Creighton. The Bluejays shot 42 percent from the floor and got just 10 points from their bench.
"You hope when you're not perfect that you find a way to gut one out, and we almost found a way to get this one into overtime," Creighton coach Greg McDermott said.
James' stunning winner was a fitting capper to this back-and-forth contest between these heated Valley rivals. Northern Iowa opened up a 51-45 lead with 5:21 left. The Panthers reeled off an 11-2 run capped by a layup by Deon Mitchell and a 3 from Chip Rank, and McDermott picked up his fourth foul on a charge near the basket.
Young stopped the UNI surge with a three-point play, pulling the Bluejays within a possession with 3:55 left, but Jake Koch's 3 with 1:11 left gave the Panthers a 58-54 lead.
James buried a huge 3 from the corner with 23 seconds left to put Northern Iowa ahead 61-56. Creighton's Jahenns Manigat made it 61-59 on a 3 with 15 seconds left but James, who shot 6 of 14 from the floor, hit the one that mattered at the end. The Bluejays outrebounded Northern Iowa 44-30 and only allowed three second-chance points. But they also let the Panthers hit 11 of 21 tries from 3-point range.
Northern Iowa's Johnny Moran buried a 3 and Rank scooped through heavy traffic, putting the Panthers ahead 39-34 with 14:40 left. They could've gone ahead by seven, which would have been the biggest lead yet for either team, but Young smartly stripped Matt Morrison at the rim. Ethan Wragge's rushed 3 and bank shot at the end of two sloppy possessions brought Creighton back even at 40-all.
McDermott then tipped a loose ball to himself over four Panthers in the paint, converting a three-point play to give the Bluejays a 43-40 lead with 11:02 left. Creighton finished just 5 of 16 from 3-point range, and nobody but Young and McDermott scored more than eight points.
"We just needed some offense from somewhere else. Antoine and Doug were good," Greg McDermott said. "It was just one of those nights. You play (24) games and they're not all going to be perfect."
Northern Iowa rolled into Valley play with a realistic shot at yet another NCAA tournament berth after wins over Old Dominion, Providence, Iowa and Iowa State in nonconference play. But the Panthers had lost four of their last six, uncharacteristically struggled to knock down shots.
But they nearly beat Creighton in Omaha on Jan. 10, losing 63-60, and this time they finished Creighton off.
"They played us great twice," Greg McDermott said. "They controlled the tempo better than anybody has on us all year. We won a close one and they won a close one."


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Our library features many hundreds of entries.
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Guidance for Restoration of Natural and Nature-Based Features in the Wetland-Upland Transition Zone. San Francisco Estuary Institute, California State Coastal Conservancy: Richmond, CA.
2021. (8.57 MB)Peninsula Watershed Historical Ecology Study. SFEI Contribution No. 1029. San Francisco Estuary Institute: Richmond, Ca.
2021. (204.95 MB) (21.97 MB)Santa Clara County Five Watersheds Assessment: A Synthesis of Ecological Data Collection and Analysis Conducted by Valley Water. . SFEI Contribution No. 963. San Francisco Estuary Institute: Richmond. CA. p 71.
2020. (6.25 MB)This report synthesizes the baseline assessments for Santa Clara County's five watersheds to present similarities, differences, and compare ecological condition in streams across watersheds and their subregions, San Francisco Bay-Delta ecoregion, and statewide based on CRAM. It also interprets the assessment results and comparisons to identify risks to stream conditions, and opportunities for stream stewardship. Project D5's baseline assessments establish a monitoring and assessment framework for evaluating the performance of Valley Water's programs, projects, maintenance activities, and on-the-ground stewardship actions.
West Valley Watershed Assessment 2018: Baseline Ecological Condition Assessment of Southwest San Francisco Bay Creeks in Santa Clara County; Calabazas, San Tomas Aquino, Saratoga, Sunnyvale East and West. . SFEI Contribution No. 944. San Francisco Estuary Institute: Richmond.
2019. (5.02 MB)This report describes baseline information about the amount and distribution of aquatic resources, and evaluates the overall ecological conditions of streams using the California Rapid Assessment Method (CRAM), for the West Valley watershed in Santa Clara County; consisting of Sunnyvale East and West Channels, Calabazas Creek, San Tomas Aquino and Saratoga creeks, and many smaller tributaries.
Observational Study of Sycamore Regeneration at two sites in Santa Clara County after the 2016-2017 Water Year. SFEI Contribution No. 874.
2018. (8.44 MB)Resilient Landscape Vision for Upper Penitencia Creek. SFEI Contribution No. 894. San Francisco Estuary Institute - Aquatic Science Center: Richmond, CA.
2018. (67.6 MB) (11.75 MB)Sediment Supply to San Francisco Bay. SFEI Contribution No. 842. San Francisco Estuary Institute : Richmond, CA.
2018. (1.74 MB)Lower Peninsula Watershed Condition Assessment 2016: Southwest San Francisco Bay, Santa Clara County, San Francisquito to Stevens Creeks. Technical memorandum prepared for the Santa Clara Valley Water District. . SFEI Contribution No. 809. San Francisco Estuary Institute: Richmond. p 53.
2017. (5.17 MB)Sycamore Alluvial Woodland: Habitat Mapping and Regeneration Study. SFEI Contribution No. 816.
2017. (53.95 MB) (21.31 MB)This study investigates the relative distribution, health, and regeneration patterns of two major stands of sycamore alluvial woodland (SAW), representing managed and natural settings. Using an array of ecological and geomorphic field analyses, we discuss site characteristics favorable to SAW health and regeneration, make recommendations for restoration and management, and identify next steps. Findings from this study will contribute to the acquisition, restoration, and improved management of SAW as part of the Santa Clara Valley Habitat Plan (VHP).
From past patterns to future potential: using historical ecology to inform river restoration on an intermittent California river. Landscape Ecology 31 (3), 20.
2016. Context Effective river restoration requires understanding a system's potential to support desired functions. This can be challenging to discern in the modern landscape, where natural complexity and heterogeneity are often heavily suppressed or modified. Historical analysis is therefore a valuable tool to provide the long-term perspective on riverine patterns, processes, and ecosystem change needed to set appropriate environmental management goals and strategies.
Objective In this study, we reconstructed historical (early 1800s) riparian conditions, river corridor extent, and dry-season flow on the lower Santa Clara River in southern California, with the goal of using this enhanced understanding to inform restoration and management activities.
Method Hundreds of cartographic, textual, and visual accounts were integrated into a GIS database of historical river characteristics.
Results We found that the river was characterized by an extremely broad river corridor and a diverse mosaic of riparian communities that varied by reach, from extensive ([100 ha) willow-cottonwood forests to xeric scrublands. Reach-scale ecological heterogeneity was linked to local variations in dry-season water availability, which was in turn underpinned by regional geophysical controls on groundwater and surface flow.
Conclusions Although human actions have greatly impacted the river's extent, baseflow hydrology, and riparian habitats, many ecological attributes persist in more limited form, in large part facilitated by these fundamental hydrogeological controls. By drawing on a heretofore untapped dataset of spatially explicit and long-term environmental data, these findings improve our understanding of the river's historical and current conditions and allow the derivation of reach-differentiated restoration and management opportunities that take advantage of local potential.
San Francisco Bay Shore Inventory: Mapping for Sea Level Rise Planning. SFEI Contribution No. 779. San Francisco Estuary Institute: Richmond, CA.
2016. (20.33 MB)With rising sea levels and the increased likelihood of extreme weather events, it is important for regional agencies and local municipalities in the San Francisco Bay Area to have a clear understanding of the status, composition, condition, and elevation of our current Bay shore, including both natural features and built infrastructure.
The purpose of this Bay shore inventory is to create a comprehensive and consistent picture of today's Bay shore features to inform regional planning. This dataset includes both structures engineered expressly for flood risk management (such as accredited levees) and features that affect flooding at the shore but are not designed or maintained for this purpose (such as berms, road embankments, and marshes). This mapping covers as much of the 'real world' influence on flooding and flood routing as possible, including the large number of non-accredited structures.
This information is needed to:
- identify areas vulnerable to flooding.
- identify adaptation constraints due to present Bay shore alignments; and
- suggest opportunities where beaches, wetlands, and floodplains can be maintained or restored and integrated into flood risk management strategies.
The primary focus of the project is therefore to inform regional planners and managers of Bay shore characteristics and vulnerabilities. The mapping presented here is neither to inform FEMA flood designation nor is it a replacement for site-specific analysis and design.
The mapping consists of two main elements:
- Mapping of Bay shore features (levees, berms, roads, railroads, embankments, etc.) which could affect flooding and flood routing.
- Attributing Bay shore features with additional information including elevations, armoring, ownership (when known), among others.
SFEI delineated and characterized the Bay shore inland to 3 meters (10ft) above mean higher high water (MHHW) to accommodate observed extreme water levels and the commonly used range of future sea level rise (SLR) scenarios. Elevated Bay shore features were mapped and classified as engineered levees, berms, embankments, transportation structures, wetlands, natural shoreline, channel openings, or water control structures. Mapped features were also attributed with elevation (vertical accuracy of <5cm reported in 30 meter (100ft) segments from LiDAR derived digital elevation models (DEMs), FEMA accreditation status, fortification (e.g., riprap, buttressing), frontage (e.g., whether a feature was fronted by a wetland or beach), ownership, and entity responsible for maintenance. Water control structures, ownership, and maintenance attributes were captured where data was available (not complete for entire dataset). The dataset was extensively reviewed and corrected by city, county, and natural resource agency staff in each county around the Bay. This report provides further description of the Bay shore inventory and methods used for developing the dataset. The result is a publicly accessible GIS spatial database.
San Francisquito Creek Baylands: Landscape Change Metrics Analysis. Flood Control 2.0. SFEI Contribution No. 784. San Francisco Estuary Institute - Aquatic Science Center: Richmond, CA. p 12.
2016. (6.19 MB)Major Findings
Over the past 150 years, lower San Francisquito Creek and the adjacent baylands have been modified for the sake of land reclamation and flood control. This study focused on developing an understanding of the magnitude of habitat change since the mid-19th century through comparisons of key historical and contemporary landscape-scale habitat features, as well as several key landscape metrics that relate to ecological functions and landscape resilience. The major findings from the analyses conducted for this study are as follows:
• Historically, the San Francisquito Creek Baylands included a mosaic of habitat types, including an extensive tidal marsh plain with salt pannes and an expansive tidal channel network, a broad bay flat, and a relatively wide contiguous low-gradient tidal-terrestrial transition zone.
• Since the late 19th century, a combination of land reclamation and the inland migration of the shoreline has resulted in a 55% decrease in tidal marsh area, a 67% decrease in total tidal channel length, a 40% reduction in channel flat area, a 20% increase in bay flat area, and a 95% decrease in tidal-terrestrial transition zone length.
• Land reclamation has also resulted in the creation of new features that did not exist in the area historically including tidal lagoons, non-tidal open water features, and non-tidal wetlands.
The findings from this study provide insight into the drivers for and magnitude of habitat change within the San Francisquito Creek Baylands, and can therefore help inform climate-resilient approaches for regaining some of the lost landscape features and ecological functions. Specific management recommendations developed from the study findings are as follows:
• The dramatic decrease in tidal marsh area and associated tidal channel length since the mid-1800s make tidal marsh restoration a high priority. To make restored areas sustainable over the long-term, restoration should include reestablishing regular tidal inundation as well as reestablishing a connection with San Francisquito Creek and the delivery of freshwater and fine sediment. Restoration efforts should focus on large contiguous areas with minimal infrastructure and should ideally be done sometime over the next decade to ensure the restored areas will have a chance of surviving the sharp increase in the rate of sea level rise that is predicted to occur around 2030 (Goals Update 2015).
• Similarly, the dramatic decrease in the tidal-terrestrial transition zone makes it a high priority for any restoration vision for this area. The transition zone provides distinct ecological services and marsh migration space, and is in need of restoration throughout the South Bay. Since most of the upland land along the historical tidal-terrestrial transition zone is currently developed, near-term restoration efforts should focus on creating transition zone habitats on the bayside of flood risk management levees (Goals Update 2015).
• The landscape metrics used in this study (tidal habitat area, tidal channel length, and tidal-terrestrial interface length) can be used to help design resilient landscape restoration and adaptation strategies around the mouth of San Francisquito Creek. Specifically, the metrics can be used to assess the long-term ecological benefit associated with various processes-based restoration approaches (i.e., approaches that create habitat features and establish physical processes required for habitat resilience). Additional useful landscape metrics are being developed as part of the Resilient Silicon Valley project (see Robinson et al. 2015).
Summary and Evaluation of Delta Subregions for Nutrient Monitoring and Assessment. SFEI Contribution No. 789.
2016. (3.74 MB) (5.45 MB) (16.05 MB) (3.03 MB) (523.1 KB)Novato Creek Baylands Historical Ecology Study. SFEI Contribution No. 740. San Francisco Estuary Institute - Aquatic Science Center: Richmond, CA.
2015. (27.13 MB)Project Background
Over the past century and a half, lower Novato Creek and the surrounding tidal wetlands have been heavily modified for flood control and land reclamation purposes. Levees were built in the tidal portion of the mainstem channel beginning in the late 1800s to convey flood flows out to San Pablo Bay more rapidly and to remove surrounding areas from inundation. Following levee construction, the wetlands surrounding the channel were drained and converted to agricultural, residential, and industrial areas. These changes have resulted in a considerable loss of wetland habitat, reduced sediment transport to marshes and the Bay, and an overall decreased resilience of the system to sea level rise.
In addition to tidal wetland modification, land use changes upstream in the Novato Creek watershed have resulted in several challenges for flood control management. Dam construction and increased runoff in the upper watershed have resulted in elevated rates of channel incision, which have increased transport of fine sediment from the upper watershed to lower Novato Creek. Channelization of tributaries and construction of irrigation ditches have likely increased drainage density in the upper watershed, also potentially contributing to increased rates of channel incision and fine sediment production (Collins 1998). Downstream, sediment transport capacity has been reduced by construction of a railroad crossing and loss of tidal prism and channel capacity associated with the diking of the surrounding marsh. As a result of the increased fine sediment supply from the watershed and the loss of sediment transport capacity in lower Novato Creek, sediment aggradation occurs within the channel, which in turn reduces the flood capacity of the channel, necessitating periodic dredging.
Currently, the Marin County Department of Public Works (MCDPW) is coordinating the Novato Watershed Program, which includes Marin County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, Novato Sanitary District, and North Marin Water District. Within lower Novato Creek, the Program is seeking to implement a new approach to flood control that includes redirecting sediment for beneficial use, reducing flood channel maintenance costs, restoring wetland habitat, and enhancing resilience to sea level rise. Included as part of this goal is the re-establishment of historical physical processes that existed before major channel modification, which in turn will re-establish historical ecological functions and help to create a tidal landscape that is resilient to increasing sea level.
Novato Creek Baylands Vision: Integrating ecological functions and flood protection within a climate-resilient landscape. SFEI Contribution No. 764.
2015. (21.5 MB)This report explores the potential for integrating ecological functions into flood risk management on lower Novato Creek. It presents an initial vision of how ecological elements could contribute to flood protection, based on a broad scale analysis and a one day workshop of local and regional experts. The Vision is not intended to be implemented as is, but rather adapted and applied through future projects and analysis. Other actions (e.g., floodwater detention basins) may also need to be implemented in the interim to meet flood risk objectives.
Shifting Shores: Marsh Expansion and Retreat in San Pablo Bay. SFEI Contribution No. 751.
As sea level rise accelerates, our shores will be increasingly vulnerable to erosion. Particular concern centers around the potential loss of San Francisco Bay's much-valued tidal marshes, which provide natural flood protection to our shorelines, habitat for native wildlife, and many other ecosystem services. Addressing this concern, this study is the first systematic analysis of the rates of marsh retreat and expansion over time for San Pablo Bay, located in the northern part of San Francisco Bay.
Key findings:
• Over the past two decades, more of the marshes in San Pablo Bay have expanded (35% by length) than retreated (6%).
• Some areas have been expanding for over 150 years.
• Some marsh edges that appear to be retreating are in fact expanding rapidly at rates of up to 8 m/yr.
• Marsh edge change may be a useful indicator of resilience, identifying favorable sites for marsh persistence.
• These data can provide a foundation for understanding drivers of marsh edge expansion and retreat such as wind direction, wave energy, watershed sediment supply, and mudflat shape.
• This understanding of system dynamics will help inform management decisions about marsh restoration and protection.
• This study provides a baseline and method for tracking marsh edge response to current and future conditions, particularly anticipated changes in sea level, wave energy, and sediment supply.
Recommended next steps:
• This pilot study for San Pablo Bay marshes should be extended to other marshes in San Francisco Bay.
• These initial marsh expansion and retreat findings should be further analyzed and interpreted to improve our understanding of system drivers and identify management responses.
• A program for repeated assessment should be developed to identify and track changes in shoreline position, a leading indicator of the likelihood marsh survival.
Historical Changes in Channel Alignment along Lower Laguna de Santa Rosa and Mark West Creek. SFEI: Richmond, CA.
2014. (9.78 MB)Wetlands of the Southern California Coast: Historical Extent and Change Over Time. SFEI Contribution No. 720. Southern California Coastal watershed Research Project (SCCWRP), San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI), CSU Northridge Center for Geographical Studies: Costa Mesa, Richmond, Northridge.
2014. (5.96 MB)Alameda Creek Watershed Historical Ecology Study. San Francisco Estuary Institute: Richmond, CA.
2013. (335.05 MB) (163.08 MB)An Assessment of the South Bay Historical Tidal-Terrestrial Transition Zone. SFEI Contribution No. 693. San Francisco Estuary Institute: Richmond, CA.
2013. (7.87 MB)Napa Valley Historical Ecology Atlas: Exploring a Hidden Landscape of Transformation and Resilience. UC Press: Berkeley. p 223.
2012. Upper Penitencia Creek Historical Ecology Assessment. SFEI Contribution No. 664. SFEI: Richmond, CA.
2012. (16.48 MB)Watching Our Watersheds: Santa Clara Valley Past, Google Earth KMZ files: Santa Clara Valley historical points of interest, stream courses and habitats.
2012. (10.61 MB)Contra Costa County 1939 Aerial Photomosaic, GIS layer containing orthorectified historical aerial imagery of Contra Costa County from 1939.
. 2011. East Contra Costa Historical Ecology Study. SFEI Contribution No. 648. SFEI: Oakland.
2011. (17.71 MB) (123.69 MB) (149.82 MB) (193.36 MB)East Contra Costa Historical Ecology Study GIS data, GIS data produced for the East Contra Costa County Historical Ecology Study.
2011. (5.37 MB) (3.1 MB)Historical Ecology of the lower Santa Clara River, Ventura River, and Oxnard Plain: an analysis of terrestrial, riverine, and coastal habitats. SFEI Contribution No. 641. SFEI: Oakland.
2011. (17.09 MB) (201.86 MB)Historical Vegetation and Drainage Patterns of Western Santa Clara Valley: A technical memorandum describing landscape ecology in Lower Peninsula, West Valley, and Guadalupe Watershed Management Areas. SFEI Contribution No. 622. SFEI: Oakland.
2010. (43.77 MB) (1.29 MB)An Introduction to the Historical Ecology of the Sonoma Creek Watershed: a Tool for the Critical Coastal Area Action Plan. San Francisco Estuary Institute.
2008. (20.83 MB)Historical Ecology of South Santa Clara County: Preliminary Findings. A Technical Memorandum to the Santa Clara Valley Habitat Conservation Plan/Natural Community Conservation Plan. SFEI Contribution No. 527.


text: How Zionism Infiltrated the United States of America By SHOAHFebruary 21, 2011ZIO-NAZI NOVANEWS Mark Bruzonsky, a Jewish, American Scholar and Journalist, has been a key member behind the scenes of the Israeli Palestinian peace initiative in the 1980s, meeting with Former Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and with Palestinian officials. Interview with Scholar and Journalist, Mark Bruzonsky. In this exclusive interview with Press TV's Autograph, Mr. Bruzonsky talks with Susan Modaress about the challenges and missed opportunities he witnessed first-hand, and how Zionist groups infiltrated American politics, US institutions and organizations. He goes further to explain the specific time and day Obama sold out to the AIPAC lobby, and how President Obama would never dare oppose the stronghold of the Zionist, Israeli Lobby in the US. Press TV: In 1982, Mr. Bruzonsky, you authored the Paris Declaration- a breakthrough event that greatly contributed to political developments of the time. Please tell us about that. Bruzonsky: In the 1980s, in a sense, a lot of us knew there was this political cancer; it was very bad, it was eating up the patient and needed to be dealt with and cured. I was in Paris sitting in a hotel room, a big event in my life, with four very important people – I was there to do the work and write the document. These people were the former president of France – Pierre Mendis France; the founder of the World Zionist Organization and the World Jewish Congress – Nahem Goldman; his successor, who was the only Jewish leader in America who had ever been president of B'nai Brith and World Jewish Congress and Secretary of Commerce. The man who inspired it was the Palestinian Liberation Organization's (PLO) Isam Sartawi, the head of the PLO in Europe. They signed this document called the Paris Declaration, I wrote it and it was on the entire front page of Le Monde newspaper; Arafat responded and that was on the front page also. But then we ran out of steam. The organizations that had founded were not willing to even entertain a discussion on what they had signed; they disassociated themselves from the people who founded their own organizations. So then the Donahue show asked me to be on their show. The Donahue TV show was the only talk show in America at that time, there was no other competition and I went on it after no other Jewish leaders would accept to go on the program. The timing of the show was pre-intifada, pre-apartheid and there were very few Israeli settlements on Palestine occupied land at the time and the discussion was all about how to bring peace to the region. The two-state solution (with 'Solution' emphasized) was in fact a possible solution – it wasn't going to be totally fair, the Palestinians were going to get a small piece of territory compared to their homeland, but at least there was a lot of support from political people to make it happen. That world is gone. The two-state solution is now dead with the possible exception that you would have to roll back a tremendous number of things that have happened; that's not going to happen. The reason that is not going to happen is not because President Obama is not a smart man, not because he doesn't know that cancer has gotten a lot worse; he knows all that. He also knows that politically he is totally blocked. There is no way in the world he can come up against the Israeli Jewish lobby and their great group of institutions, personalities and foundations – no way. He knows it. So he continues to talk the language of two-state solution, but that's largely to keep Abbas and the Palestinian Authority (PA) from being totally discredited. Press TV: During his inaugural as US president reports were circulating that his administration was going to move away from the Bush doctrine of rejecting Hamas into talks. Where does Hamas stand in the equation? Can there even be talks with the Palestinians when Hamas is sidelined? Bruzonsky: In my cable TV program that I ended in 2003 I interviewed Musa Abu Marsuk the No.2 leader in Hamas. He was in New York under arrest at the time. I think it was 1996 and the Israeli Jewish lobby got the congress to pass a law outlawing Hamas and so Abu Marsuk, who was living in America as a successful businessman, was imprisoned. I got permission to interview him and do three reality TV programs. I don't think the Obama people ever said anything positive about Hamas; I think they did say they were going to re-invigorate the peace process – but those are just words, slogans, the devil is in the detail and all that meant was that we (the US) are going to say they have to stop building settlements. Well, Obama made a joke and a fool out of himself. Didn't anyone tell what was going to happen the moment he tried to get the Israelis to stop building settlements? There is a whole history that goes back to Camp David and US President Carter who also told the world that he had got the Israelis to agree to stop settlements and then the Israelis at that time made a fool out of that president by saying they had discussed freezing settlements, but only for 90 days. And then after that they escalated their program and we now live in the world we live in. The story of how Obama became president, how he got support is important here. Obama is a different kind of president and we were all relieved. It was very embarrassing for eight years and more so for people throughout the world that suffered and were being killed by a US president who frankly (it's not said in Washington and it's not the kind of thing said at meetings, but many of us consider them as war criminals and we consider Chaney and Bush; they fit the definition of war criminals). When Obama ran for president he stood for human rights, he was bright and principled, but then during the campaign certain things happened. First of all the top financiers of the Democratic Party half of them are Jewish and almost all of those are quite Zionist and quite involved with the Israelis. At the time when Hilary Clinton and Obama were competing for support AIPAC had its annual convention. On that day Obama gave a speech and he gave more than what was expected. Lee Hamilton who was on Obama's advisory board said to me that he went too far – he shouldn't have said what he said about Jerusalem – we're going to be correcting it. After the speech, behind the scenes, he was taken to meet the Board of Directors of AIPAC. Rahm Israel Emanuel, former White House Chief of Staff escorted him upstairs to the hotel room. This is very unusual, presidency candidates don't usually get interviewed by boards of directors like this, but AIPAC is different. The way the Israeli community signaled that they were going to support Obama, without actually announcing that they had even had a meeting with him, was to have Rahm endorse Obama. So a few hours later Rahm came out in public and did that, which was the signal to the rest of us that Obama had made his peace with this lobby and that he wasn't going to be able to do anything they weren't going to approve of. Press TV: You mentioned that it was well-known to you that the Arab-Israeli conflict will be political cancer if it was not resolved, and at this point it has become the cancer that you mentioned. What has been the main obstacle of not reaching a solution? Bruzonsky: America is the super power – American money; American arms; American UN vetos; American military support at critical times. The Israelis took a decision way back in the 1940s – and it goes back to the holocaust and back to Jewish impotence; there's lots of factors it's not black and white. It was a powerless community, I was part of it – born into a family that my mother and father would tell me we lost all of our relatives nobody knows where they are or they were all killed or maybe some escaped to what had become Israel. The US has prevented a settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict because the Israelis set up such powerful institutions, lobbies, publications, personalities and control in various ways of political parties and of the media making it impossible for American leaders to do what they knew they should do to solve this cancer; and it goes way back to General Marshall the secretary of state. When President Truman told Marshall that he was going to accept a Jewish state, Marshall was going to resign saying it's not in the interests of the US it is going to be war, which we won't be able to end; it's going to get worse; it's going to unleash forces we won't be able to control – he was exactly right. At every critical moment since: Eisenhower tried to do things in the 1950s, carter tried to do things in the 1970s, but they were blocked. There are plenty of books and academic information about this. The Israelis then realized since they had control of the US, and Sharon said it bluntly back in 2001, he and Peres had a little debate in a cabinet meeting and the word that leaked out from that meeting was that Peres said that we've got to be careful, the Americans aren't happy with what we're doing and Sharon said stop worrying about the Americans we control things in America, I'll take care of things there don't worry about it. – And he was right. I've been watching all this. I did a lot of travelling for a lot of years through the Middle East while the US has been my home base; and it's been outrageous. Bruzonsky: I was a kid journalist just out of school. The Egyptian Embassy in Washington read something I had written. It was a movie review about a film called, "Children of Rage." And they called me and said it was very interesting and asked if I would like to be the first Jewish journalist that has ever been invited by our government. Of course I said yes. So I went for three weeks and I met everybody: the Foreign Minister, the Minister of State, and then they said to me that they knew the three weeks were up but they wanted me to stay longer because the President wanted to meet with me. And they were so surprised when I said I could stay one more day, but I really have other places I have to go. So I said to thank him so much and it was a great honor and so nice to meet all of them, and I took off. I went to Oman and then I went to Israel. There was going to be a big peace conference and you will see the connections in just a minute. There was going to be this big peace conference. So I get to Israel and I go to the new outlet magazine, which was sponsoring the conference and George Ball, the most important under Secretary of State, the man who helped resolve the Cuban Missile Crisis was going to be the speaker. And they said to me Mark where have you been. And I said I've just been to Egypt. I said I'm here because they wanted me to stay and meet the President but I'm at your peace conference. And they said oh my god don't you know what has happened. And I didn't because I had been traveling and it wasn't like you could tune in to Al-Jazeera in those days. They said the President gave a speech and said he is willing to go anywhere and do anything to bring peace. They said you were supposed to have a meeting with him, and I said yes. I was in Israel for about six hours. They gave me a whole bunch of cash and wrote a letter and said Mark go back to Cairo and meet the President and invite him to come to our peace conference. So later I'm sitting with the President of Egypt and am given him this invitation, and he was asking me about my three weeks in his country. So there I am and it's a little hard for me to believe that I'm sitting with the President of Egypt all alone. Maybe forty to fifty feet away there is someone from the Minister of the Interior or somebody to protect, but he can't even hear he was so far away. And I was so disappointed because at the end of the meeting which was very nice he said I'm very sorry but I will not be able to come to your peace conference. Then I suppose I was just looking sad. I don't remember saying anything. But he said I have decided I will send a telegram to this conference. And I already knew that leaders in the Arab world do not send telegrams to Israel. I had never heard of such a thing. There wasn't a procedure. I figured it was just his way of being polite to me. I literally had to leave on the first flight in the morning, and I went to a travel agent that was recommended to me, but at the moment I whispered Israel it was don't say anther word about Israel. We can't talk about Israel and there is no way we can get you to Israel. He said first flight in the morning goes to Athens and that is all I can do. So I said okay and I'm on my flight to Athens. I'm dog tired and I'm half asleep. I traveled so much in those days the moment anybody asked me anything I would say orange juice and English. When I woke up on the plane, there was this newspaper in front of me, The Egyptian Gazette. And I wasn't sure if was hallucinating or dreaming because as my eyes cleared I said good god that's me. There is this big picture of me and Sadat on the front page at the top of the paper. But there was no story. It was just Journalist Mark Bruzonsky meets President Sadat. There was no story; no nothing. A day later I'm called aside by the Chairman of the conference. He said Mark in one hour there is a press conference and all the media will be here. You have to come sit up front and you have to tell everybody about your meeting with the President. And I said what's going on, what's going on. He said you know the office is closed but we are all at the hotel. We sent somebody back to get some papers and under the door is this telegram. It wasn't just oh, hope you had a nice conference. It was a whole page of the importance of peace to the region and what this conflict has done. It was a very long statement which I learned later was written for him. And for 24 hours I was the guy who met the President! It was I that had arranged this telegram and then on Thursday morning came the unbelievable announcement. The President of Egypt arrives to Israel on Shabbat (Saturday) as soon as the sun goes down. And it's like something out of some dream, as people starting arriving within hours. A press center was set up in almost minutes. There were free phones. Anybody could pick up a phone and call anywhere. And on Saturday night he arrived and I went to the airport with the Egyptian press delegation. We all thought the world was going to change now. The Israelis would feel accepted, the Palestinians would have their homeland, for at the time it was called a homeland and we weren't even talking about a state. Then unfortunately everything started to deteriorate, and three years later Sadat was assassinated and it has been downhill ever since. Press TV: So the postphonement on the decision on settlements led to the fact that it termed from an occupation issue in the eyes of the international community, and everyone who was observing the settlement issues thought it was a contested issue. At that point the issue of settlement could be contested after Oslo. Before that it was an occupation and it wasn't even discussed. Bruzonsky: Once the Israelis got the PA (Abbas was the man who actually signed the document) at the White House. Once that got them to sign this agreement and become their collaborating regime without having to agree to stop the settlements. That's symbolic. If the Israelis weren't going to stop enlarging the occupation, how could we possibly consider this a major step on the way to a peace settlement? So it was the symbolism of it. Not the actual settlement here or there. The Israelis never intended to stop the settlements. Rabin in my judgment never attended for what he was signing to end up being a Palestinian state. For them it was autonomy we packaged under different names and they were hiring Arafat and his people to control the Palestinian people. That of course is the origin of the growth of Hamas because many non-religious people and many who had been supporters of Fatah and of more secular things decided we are going to support Hamas. At least they are honest and dignified. At least they have principals and are not corrupt. And Fatah has sold us out. That's the origins of how in 2006 Hamas was elected. Press TV: I'm going to dare ask this question to wrap up. Is there light at the end of the tunnel? Bruzonsky: It's a very long, dark tunnel now but hopefully saner, wiser policies will prevail down the road. And we can't afford this anymore. Our own empire is collapsing financially, morally, and spiritually in terms of the credibility of American institutions. We don't feel it so much in Washington, but around the country, the Tea Party and the other movements is representative of a feeling that our future is dissolving in our place in the world, and our standard of living and what we are providing for our children. There is big conflict here and we don't have the resources to continue these policies even if you want to argue the policies are right. Press TV: Mark Bruzonsky, thank you very much for joining us on the Autograph. Bruzonsky: Thank you Susan. NM/PKH


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ApacheCon Announces Keynote Presentations by Thought Leaders Dana Blankenhorn of ZDNet, Daniel Crichton of NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Bob Sutor of IBM Corporation
ApacheCon, the official conference, trainings, expo, hackathon, barcamp and meetups of The Apache Software Foundation (ASF), today announced the keynote presenters and sponsors for ApacheCon North America. This year's event takes place 1-5 November 2010 at the Westin Peachtree in Atlanta, Georgia, with numerous early registration incentives available through Friday, 8 October 2010.
The conference theme, "Servers, The Cloud, and Innovation", showcases an array of ASF-developed Open Source projects, community practices, and business solutions. Keynote addresses will be presented by:
- Dana Blankenhorn, Linux and Open Source Writer, ZDNet – Wednesday, 3 November, 9AM
- Daniel Crichton, Program Manager and Principal Computer Scientist, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory – Thursday, 4 November 11.30AM
- Dr. Bob Sutor, Vice President of Open Systems and Linux, IBM Corporation – Friday, 4 November 12.30PM
Apache developers, users, enthusiasts, software architects, administrators, executives, and community managers will learn to successfully develop, deploy, and leverage existing and emerging Open Source technologies critical to their businesses. Hands-on trainings and general conference sessions will cover in-depth dozens of Apache products such as Cassandra, Geronimo, Hadoop, Lucene, Tomcat, and the Apache HTTP Server.
Special events during the week include BarCampApache, Hackathon, MeetUps, expo hall, receptions, and ample networking opportunities with peers and new connections. Both BarCampApache and ASF Project MeetUps are open to the public free of charge.
ApacheCon Gold sponsor HotWax Media and Silver sponsor Hewlett-Packard are joined byexhibitors and sponsors that include: CollabNet, Day Software, Facebook, Hippo, IBM, Lucid Imagination, Ning, Progress Fuse, Rackspace, SpringSource, The Apache Software Foundation, WSO2, and Yahoo!. For sponsor, exhibitor, and community partnership opportunities, contact Delia Frees at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Media registration is available for members of the press with valid credentials. Contact Sally Khudairi at email@example.com for more information.
Early-bird registration incentives include savings of up to $150 with the Hotel+Registration package, 20% off Full-Conference+Trainings Immersion, and group registration rates. For the complete list of sessions and to register, visit http://apachecon.com/ and follow the@ApacheCon feed on Twitter.
About The Apache Software Foundation (ASF)
Established in 1999, the all-volunteer ASF oversees nearly one hundred fifty leading Open Source projects, including Apache HTTP Server — the world's most popular Web server software, powering more than 130 Million Websites worldwide. Today, more than 300 individual Members and 2,300 Committers successfully collaborate to develop freely available enterprise-grade software, benefiting millions of users worldwide through thousands of software solutions distributed under the Apache License. The community actively participates in ASF mailing lists, mentoring initiatives, and ApacheCon, the Foundation's official user conference, trainings, and expo. The ASF is funded by individual donations and corporate sponsors that include AMD, Basis Technology, Facebook, Google, HP, Microsoft, Progress Software, VMware, and Yahoo!. Additional sponsors include Matt Mullenweg, AirPlus International, BlueNog, Intuit, Joost, and Two Sigma Investments. More information is available at http://www.apache.org/, firstname.lastname@example.com mailing list, the ASF Blog, and the @TheASF feed on Twitter.
# # #


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Peyton Manning is a man. He can make his own decisions and no one else should be telling him otherwise. As much everyone thinks they know what is best for Peyton Manning, they don't.
Manning is coming off reportedly 4 separate neck surgeries in the past 2 years according to Don Banks of SI.com. According to his birth certificate, Peyton will be 36 by the time the 2012 NFL season rolls around. He has played 13 seasons in the NFL according to his stats page on NFL.com.
A lot of people talk about legacy. Brett Favre apparently had his tarnished.
Apparently, Peyton Manning could end up doing the same thing.
Peyton Manning can do what he wants.
The tarnishing of the infamous legacy is one of the most absurd concepts in professional sports. People illogically believe that it is in duty to protect an athlete's so-called legacy. There is this idea that one should stop playing before the inevitable decline of father time or injuries take their toll on that person, making them unable to perform close to the level that fans are used to. Rumour has it that continuing to play past this point of substantial decline or even just the possibility of playing past that point is grounds for tarnishing of the legacy.
For some reason, it is engrained in sports culture that what you do late in your career can take away from the things that happened in the prime of your career. The thing is, this George Costanza idea of going out on a high note really doesn't make a whole lot of sense. Last time I checked, you can't erase what's written in the history books. That stuff is down in permanent marker, you know, the TO kind of sharpie. But more importantly, the decision of whether or not to keep playing really shouldn't come down to legacy at all.
Brett Favre still wanted to play. Peyton Manning wants to as well.
Who are we to try and tell these guys what to do? This isn't our life. We aren't their mothers.
They should be able to play as long as they want. If there is someone out there that is willing to pay them money to play the game that they love, then by all means they can choose to carry on with their careers. If playing is what the heart desires, the barrier stopping that from happening should be a Donovan McNabb situation. McNabb isn't close to the level of Manning or Favre, but there came a time this past year when no was willing to pay McNabb to play football. Hey buddy, now it's time to retire.
As weird as it was for fans to see Johnny Unitas in a Chargers uniform or Warren Moon in a Chiefs uniform, the far from fairy-tale endings to their careers have done next to nothing to skew the way they have been remembered.
Of course, not that it matters anyways.
Michael Jordan said that he wanted to go out on his own terms. He did that when he tried his hand at professional baseball. He did that when he played 2 seasons for the Washington Wizards. Michael Jordan did what he wanted to and has probably left the game happier because of it.
Regret is one of the worst feelings in life. I'm young. At 20 years old, I almost certainly don't understand what real regret is. Nevertheless, it can't be easy for a professional athlete to live the next 50 years of his life and know that he had more to give to the game. To walk away from the only identity and livelihood you have ever known is undoubtedly a scary thing. It's scarier to think about when you know that there's more left in the tank.
Brett Favre became one of the most repulsive athletes for his multiple pseudo-retirements. However, when you reflect back to his magical season at the age of 40 in Minnesota, you can't help but think it was all worth it. Again, what I think doesn't really matter. It's what Brett thinks. I bet he would be the first to tell you that having one of the most improbable, unpredictable and captivating seasons in sports history made it all worth it.
If he had listened to what everyone was saying, we would never have seen what Brett Favre had in store for us that season.
Peyton Manning is barely a year removed from being on top of the NFL mountain. If he wishes to return to the NFL, most likely not in a Colts uniform, then he should do so. If not, he can walk away from the game as one of the greatest quarterbacks in NFL history.
He has to do it on his terms though.
Agree? Disagree? If you have any questions, comments, suggestions, please feel free to reply in the comments section below. Or you can e-mail me at [email protected]. Also, follow me on twitter @paintstheblack and I will happily return the favour.
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Lázaro Cárdenas del Río (Jiquilpan, Michoacán, May 21, 1895 - Ciudad de Mexico Oct. 19, 1970) was the President of Mexico from 1934-1940. He ended an unfair land monopoly which was taking advantage of the Mexican peasants.
On the evening of March 18, 1938, he took control of the Mexican oil wells from foreign investors. He also nationalized the railway industries.
After his presidential term, Lazaro Cárdenas served as secretary of defense through 1945. His son Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas Solórzano and his grandson Lázaro Cárdenas Batel are also prominent politicians.
External links
- Lazaro Cardenas
- Lázaro Cárdenas del Río Biography.


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With video mash-up app, first responders set up virtual ops center
Connecting state and local government leaders
Winner of National Science Foundation-funded tech challenge offers tools to help emergency responders filter video and Twitter feeds from bystanders at the scene.
The hurricane has passed, but for the people of Breezy Point, N.Y., it is only the beginning of their ordeal. The National Guard has started to arrive, but emergency services and communications networks have been crippled.
Emergency planners are relying on Twitter feeds and video streaming from the cell phones of first responders and citizens to prioritize operations. The massive amount of scattered data is being vetted by trained volunteers – virtual operations support teams, or VOST – who pass the most important data on to the regional emergency response center.
That's just one scenario envisioned by the developers of rtER, a prototype Real-time Emergency Response application that allows users to manipulate multiple feeds of streaming video and other data. The project was selected as a winner in the Mozilla Ignite Challenge – a National Science Foundation-funded program for the development of applications that take advantage of gigabit-per-second Internet speeds.
The push for gigabit-optimized applications is being spurred by the advent of Google Fiber, the first gigabit-per-second service, which is currently offered only in Kansas City, Mo. Google Fiber achieves its speed by relying on fiber-optic cables running all the way to the client site. Google is also preparing to deliver the service in Provo, Utah, and Austin, Texas.
According to project leader Jeremy Cooperstock of the Shared Reality Lab at McGill University, the idea of rtER is to use gigabits/sec-speed Internet to integrate live, high-quality video from multiple feeds with sensor data from a variety of sources and cached or archival information. "Imagine an emergency operations center in which the operations coordinator needed to get a rich sense of the environment where the crisis is taking place," said Cooperstock. "And in the case of a massive disaster such as an earthquake or major fire, where the location may be unrecognizable in its present state, wouldn't it be nice if you could have a previous view of what that site looked like just a few weeks or months ago so as to be able to effectively guide the first responders?"
The main hurdle to achieving such a goal is clearly bandwidth. But Cooperstock's team was working on the assumption of having gigabits/sec pipelines.
"If you have hundreds of people at the scene with their smartphones, why not give them the tools to stream that video to the emergency operation center where decision-makers could use that video for real-time situational assessment?" asked Cooperstock. "In the initial round of the competition, we built a prototype visualization environment and presented it in parallel with that an immersive view that was pulled from Google Street View images."
Even assuming the emergency site has gigabits/sec bandwidth for handling massive data streams, the team soon faced a problem. "What you do when you accept hundreds of users' streaming video?" asked Cooperstock. In the visualization environment, the video would display in tiny thumbnails, and there was no way to filter the data. "We need some means of culling the mountains of video data to focus the coordinator's attention on what is most important," Cooperstock said.
That's when the team thought to loop in volunteer analysts. The VOST monitors data feeds, including those from social media like Facebook and Twitter, and team members can look for information that is salient to the needs of the response community in the time of crisis.
To help the analysts, Cooperstock's team added an interactive loop. The rtER operator can simply click a button to send a message to the video-stream initiator in the field asking him to change the orientation of the camera.
The team also added an activation feature that lets a 911 dispatcher ask volunteers in a certain area to start conveying information to the police or emergency response community. "If you have the rtER app installed in your smartphone, we can send a beacon to you and say, 'Hey, there's something going on there, and we need you to start sending video,'" said Cooperstock.
The most critical technical issue Cooperstock's team faced was the selection of a video protocol. They settled on Apple's HLS protocol. "The drawback of this protocol is that it writes data as a set of files rather than as a network stream," said Cooperstock. "That means there is an inherent delay of about five seconds before the receiver can actually see the video." On the plus side, says Cooperstock, the structure of HLS data means that users can move around in the video stream seamlessly and without any need to leave the page.
Another critical advantage of HLS, according to Shared Reality Lab research associate Alexander Eichhorn, is that the code of the protocol is fully accessible, unlike commercial protocols. "Since we wanted to cut latency down to the bare minimum, we needed full access to the code," said Eichhorn. With the two-second packets rtER employs, there is a delay of approximately six seconds. "This is something we need to tweak a little further," he said. "I've also seen two to three seconds end-to-end latency."
The application is coded in HTML 5 for broad compatibility with browsers and the team has developed applications for Android and iOS.
To date, the prototype application has been tested on a limited basis with emergency services in Red Wing, Minn., and Quebec City, Quebec. "Now we're thinking about next steps for additional funding that would help extend the system," said Cooperstock. "We are eager to hear from the emergency communities. What do they see as the one core strength that they require? Different communities have different answers."
NEXT STORY: With Q10, BlackBerry makes a last stand for agency users


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Armed militia, incl. Bundy bros, occupy forest reserve HQ in Oregon, call 'US patriots' to arms
Nevada rancher Cliven Bundy's three sons and "about 150" militiamen have occupied the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge HQ to protest the pending imprisonment of two Oregon ranchers accused of arson, arguing the federal government has no authority in local cases.
"We're going to be freeing these lands up, and getting ranchers back to ranching, getting the loggers back to logging, getting the miners back to mining where they could do it under the protection of the people and not be afraid of this tyranny that's been set upon them," Ammon Bundy, who appears to be the leader of the group, said in a Facebook video posted by Sarah Dee Spurlock on Saturday.
I talked to Ryan Bundy on the phone again. He said they're willing to kill and be killed if necessary. #OregonUnderAttack
— Ian Kullgren (@IanKullgren) January 3, 2016
Bundy appears to be standing at the scene of the takeover, surrounded by several men in military-style uniforms with rifles and hand-held radios.
The rancher points out that Harney County used to be the richest in state, and is now the poorest. His radical proposal to solve the situation is to have armed "patriots" come and live in a de-facto self-rule zone independent of the federal authorities.
Here it is. Please know these men will speak to people civilly. Do not go up there guns blazing. Stay safe and smart.
Posted by Sarah Dee Spurlock on Saturday, January 2, 2016
The second speaker in the video, identified as Blane Cooper, equates the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to bullies at school who used to beat kids up and who eventually had to be put in their place.
"Until that line is drawn and say 'we've had enough of this tyranny, you are going to leave us alone' it will not change," the military-clad man says.
Militia group members occupying the Malheur Wildlife Refuge @KTVZpic.twitter.com/M9TXEBJhP7
— Wanda Moore (@WandaKTVZ) January 3, 2016
According to Cooper, they hope their occupation will spell the beginning of a US-wide movement.
"It doesn't have to stop here. This could be a hope that spreads through the whole country, the whole United States. Everybody's looking for this hope because the government has beat us, and oppressed us, and took everything from us; they will not stop until we tell them 'no'," he claims.
Splinter group of militia have occupied the headquarters building at Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Group includes Ammon Bundy.
— Les Zaitz (@LesZaitz) January 3, 2016
There are three Bundy's in the building, according to @BundyRanch - Ammon, Ryan, and Mel.
— John Sepulvado (@JohnLGC) January 3, 2016
The militiamen told OregonLive there were about 150 of them, but a couple who delivered food to the refuge HQ estimated that there were just 15.
Ammon Bundy, 40, told CNN by phone that the protesters want the federal government to restore the "people's constitutional rights."
"This refuge - it has been destructive to the people of the county and to the people of the area," he said. "People need to be aware that we've become a system where government is actually claiming and using and defending people's rights, and they are doing that against the people."
The Bundys and their armed supporters occupied the federal property after splitting from a peaceful Saturday morning protest in Burns, Oregon.
The scene in Burns Saturday morning as protestors gather in support of 2 ranchers going to prison. pic.twitter.com/ec6tmdeTik
— Les Zaitz (@LesZaitz) January 2, 2016
Some 300 people marched through the town to protest against the prosecution of two Harney County ranchers, Dwight Hammond Jr. and Steven Hammond, who are scheduled to report to prison on Monday.
Both ranchers were convicted on charges of setting fire to federal land. The case has attracted interest from local militia and intensified debate around the federal government's authority.
The Bundy family vows to occupy the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge HQ near Burns for years https://t.co/OfuNNh4uZXpic.twitter.com/GL0qTCB2xm
— The Oregonian (@Oregonian) January 3, 2016
"Dwight Lincoln Hammond, Jr., 73, and his son, Steven Dwight Hammond, 46, both residents of Diamond, Oregon in Harney County, were sentenced to five years in prison by Chief US District Judge Ann Aiken for arsons they committed on federal lands," the US Attorney Office said.
Ammon Bundy tells @OPBnews -- we don't want to shoot people, other militiamen and "patriots" need to come to our aid. #Burns
— John Sepulvado (@JohnLGC) January 3, 2016
About 200protesters have gathered at the fairground in Burns. They say their movement needs to stay defensive, peaceful.
— Amelia Templeton (@ameliaOPB) January 2, 2016
#Burns militiaman jon ritzheimer has posted a real weird video, seems to be saying goodbye to his family https://t.co/6kxLaC0Yue
— John Sepulvado (@JohnLGC) January 3, 2016
The occupation resembles the Bundy Ranch stand-off of 2014, when the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) attempted to enforce grazing laws. Bundy got the help of armed militia and triggered a stand-off with federal authorities.
The family said heavily-armed federal agents had surrounded their ranch as "trespass cattle" were removed from the disputed land.
READ MORE: Heavily-armed feds surround Nevada Bundy ranch, confiscate cattle (VIDEO)
Since 1993, Cliven Bundy – the "last rancher in Clark County, Nevada" – has refused to pay fees to the federal government for the right to raise cattle on land that his family has ranched since the 1870s, according to the Washington Free Beacon.
Nevada lawmaker demands immediate action against 'armed separatists' at Bundy ranch http://t.co/dObvgAZd2mpic.twitter.com/dlqgoidynj
— RT America (@RT_America) May 5, 2014
The dispute began in 1998 when the BLM designated 186,909 acres of the Gold Butte area, where the ranch is located, as "critical" for the survival of the desert tortoise population. Bundy had lost his grazing permit in 1993, despite his family's long-time presence on the land.
Nevada rancher, armed militias win standoff with Feds, govt returns cattle http://t.co/2DVi04oF7G
— RT America (@RT_America) April 14, 2014
According to the BLM, Bundy owes around $1 million in fees, while the family contends the sum is more like $300,000.
FBI investigates Bundy ranch supporters http://t.co/zeryMofXe0pic.twitter.com/mE2mm38oqs
— RT America (@RT_America) May 9, 2014
Hammonds case
The Pendleton, Oregon jury found the Hammonds guilty of the arsons in June 2012. Both were charged with igniting a series of fires on lands managed by the BLM.
Hammond Ranches has about 12,000 acres in the Diamond-Frenchglen area. Their livelihood is running cattle during the winter. Two years ago, the ranch used 26,420 acres of land belonging to the BLM for summer grazing.
Supporters of the Hammonds believe they were treated unconstitutionally because the two were convicted of arson under a provision of an expansive federal law punishing terrorism. They both served their prison terms for 2001 and 2006 fires, but were then told by appellate judges they had to go back to prison to serve more.
However, Hammonds said they did not welcome the Bundy group's help, CBS News reported.
"Neither Ammon Bundy nor anyone within his group/organization speak for the Hammond Family," the Hammonds' lawyer W. Alan Schroeder wrote to Sheriff David Ward.
Ranchers use fire in eastern Oregon to burn invasive species. However, it is a dangerous practice, as several wildfires in the area have got out of hand, scorching hundreds of thousands of acres.
The controversial case demonstrates a problem with a 1996 law, which was introduced to punish domestic terrorists, according to Barry Bushue, the longtime president of the Oregon Farm Bureau.
#VIRAL: Heavily-armed 'Oath Keepers' patrol #Ferguson, 'ready to defend US Constitution' http://t.co/1szaUX60cIhttp://t.co/ZCjFW8wkde
— RT (@RT_com) August 11, 2015
"I find it incredible that the government would want to try these ranchers as terrorists," Bushue told The Pete Santilli Show. "Now is where the rubber meets the road. Right now is when the public should absolutely be incensed. And the public, I think, should be fearful."


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Student's Team El Salvador Experience "Connected the Dots…Now I Have More to Offer"
Since its inception in 2006, Team El Salvador has provided 105 Monterey Institute students with the opportunity to hone their development and language skills while making a meaningful contribution to the lives of people in the Bajo Lempa region of El Salvador. This January, nine MIIS students were joined by two Middlebury students and, for the first time, a student from California State University, Monterey Bay.
Faculty director Adele Negro is the glue that keeps Team El Salvador together, but each year the leadership of projects is in the hands of students. The student-driven leadership model is, according to Negro, a key component of the program's effectiveness. Another important factor is the consistency and longstanding partnership that has been developed and nurtured over the years with the two community partner organizations in El Salvador, la Coordinadora and the Mangrove Association.
This year, the students worked on four major projects:
- The "PLAS" Project, to help improve the functionality and implementation of the Local Sustainable Resource Utilization Plan.
- The Microcredit Project, to strengthen the administrative system of the NGO's microcredit program under a new profit-based organization in order to improve its sustainability.
- The Public Spaces Project, to assess community perception and utilization of spaces and structures so as to answer the question: "What makes for a strong, healthy, cohesive community?"
- A Photojournalism Project, to capture in visual and narrative forms the history, experiences and people characterizing the evolution of an eight-year relationship developed between Team El Salvador and its partners.
Many Monterey Institute alumni have spoken about the transformative effect their Team El Salvador participation has had on their studies and careers. Lauren Lambert (MAIEP '15) appears to have a similarly meaningful experience: "While I have lived abroad on and off throughout my entire life, the three weeks I spent working in El Salvador contextualized what I am doing here at MIIS in a way that nothing else could have." It "connected the dots," and clarified how she can make the most of her time at MIIS, so that when she leaves she can have a more profound impact on what she sees as our shared "project human" – to leave this world a better place than when we arrived.
For More Information
Jason Warburg
Eva Gudbergsdottir


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Post-doc position in Cultural Evolution and Social Cognition
A two-year post-doctoral position in Cultural Evolution and Social Cognition is currently open at the Département d'Etudes Cognitives (DEC) of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. This project will be conducted in collaboration with Nicolas Baumard at the Institut Jean Nicod (IJN) and Julie Grèzes at the Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC).
Please send a complete CV, a 2-pages cover letter and contact information of two references by March 15th to firstname.lastname@example.com and firstname.lastname@example.com, and feel free to contact us for more information!
Project summary:
The project aims to document the so-called 'process of civilization', the set of long-term psychological changes that occurred in Europe from 1300 to 1900. Using large database and online experiments, the project will study the evolution of emotional displays in European paintings from the late Middle Ages to modern times and will test whether economic development can account for the evolution of social features such as trustworthiness, agreeableness or dominance. More generally, the goal of the project is to test whether life history parameters (mortality, affluence, external threat) can account for psychological changes in history.
Funding and salary:
The position is funded by a LabeX grant from PSL* Research University. The salary will be adjusted to the candidate's post doctoral experience (start salary for a 1st year post doc: 26,000 euros, including social security and unemployment benefits).
Start date:
The start date will be determined with the candidate but will need to fall within the following range: 30/05/2017 to 01/01/2018.
- The candidate should have a PhD (or be in the final stages of obtaining such a degree) in Cognitive Science, Cultural Evolution, Economics or areas related to quantitative analysis of social phenomena.
- Experience with data analysis along with strong programming and statistical skills (matlab, r).
- Strong language and writing skills in English are required (note: speaking French is not required).


text: The go-to guide to social media skills, now in an updated and revised Third Edition The Social Media Bible is comprehensive 700-plus page social media resource that will teach corporate, small business, and non-profit marketers strategies for using social media to reach their desired audiences with power messages and efficiency. This newly revised 3rd edition addresses technology updates to the iPad, apps, Foursquare, and other geotargeted networks. New case studies and company profiles provide practical examples of how businesses have successfully implemented these strategies, using the newest social media marketing tools. Updates and changes to Google's search engine algorithms More information on plug-ins, widgets, apps, and integration Updates on Twitter and Yammer and new information on Google+ The latest in mobile marketing Master the latest social media tools and deliver powerful messaging in the most effective way possible with The Social Media Bible.