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Changing Demography and Circumstances for Young Black Children in African and Caribbean Immigrant Families
The number of Black immigrants in the United States has more than doubled over the past 20 years, driven by increasing migration from Africa and sustained flows from the Caribbean. The U.S. Black child population is becoming increasingly diverse in the origins, languages, and other characteristics.
This report, part of MPI's Young Children of Black Immigrants research initiative, finds that the 813,000 children under the age of 10 who have Black immigrant parents generally fall in the middle of multiple well-being indicators, faring less well than Asian and white children but better than their native-born Black and Hispanic peers. The report examines their family structure, citizenship status, English proficiency, parental characteristics, poverty, housing, and access to social supports.
Among the key strengths of Black immigrant families are: high parental employment; high levels of parental education and English proficiency; significant enrollment in early education; and high rates of health insurance coverage.
I. Introduction
II. Sending Regions and Countries
III. Geographic Concentration
IV. Family Structure
A. Two-Parent Families
B. Extended-Family Households
C. Number of Children in the Family
V. Family, Social, and Economic Resources
A. U.S. Citizenship of Parents and Children
B. English Language Fluency and Linguistic Isolation
C. Parental Educational Attainment
D. Parental Workforce Attachment
E. Parental Earnings
F. Poverty
G. Housing
VI. Access to Social Supports
A. Prekindergarten
B. Health Insurance
VII. Conclusions and Implications for Public Policy


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Do You Check Work Email When You're Out of the Office? You're Not Alone
With the explosion of smartphones and tablets, it should come as no surprise to find out that we spend a lot of time checking our work email when we're not even in the office.
But just how much do we do it?
A new survey of 500 employees at small to mid-sized businesses reveals checking work email during non-traditional working hours has become as much a part of the work experience as casual Fridays and talking about your weekend by the water cooler.
Checking email on a regular basis isn't just for workaholics anymore. A total of 81% admit to checking work email on weekends, while 55% say they do so after 11 p.m. and 59% do it while on vacation. Even when they're not actually on the clock, 64% say they look at their email at least once a day.
It seems the line between where it is and is not appropriate to check email is blurring. Ten percent say they have checked work email at a child's school event, while 9% admit they've done it at a wedding and 6% confess to not really paying their respects to the dearly departed by taking a peek during a funeral. Another 6% who clearly need to let go also admit checking work email while they or their significant other were in labor.
Email continues to be the preferred form of communication within offices. When it comes to which type of communication tool they use most at work, 44% say email, 28% say the phone, 22% say an ancient system known as face-to-face talking and 6% go with IMing. Additionally, 76% of people will respond to an email within an hour while working, with 32% anxious folks getting back to someone within 15 minutes.
Even though email may seem like it's always with us, we tend to have a very favorable view of it, with 90% saying it's a blessing and only 10% labeling it a curse. Some people seem more attached to it than others. Maybe that's why the oldest email a person claims to have saved was received all the way back in 1994. Hmm, wonder if it was from a Lycos account.

subset: commoncrawl


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Machine safety compliance: Who is responsible?
Who is on the hook for machine safety compliance? What standards apply? How will merging standards affect machine safety? What tools can help? A functional safety expert answers these and other machine safety questions.
Control Engineering, CFE Media, discussed machine safety compliance with Mike Miller, functional safety TÜV expert and global safety market development, Rockwell Automation.
CFE: Who is on the hook for machine safety compliance?
Miller: Primary responsibility for machinery safety compliance varies depending on the particular location around the world. In North America for example, the end-user manufacturer is primarily responsible for having machinery that is compliant with the latest safety standards and regulations. OSHA requires every employer to provide a safe working environment for employees. However, to help balance the responsibility, end users share machinery safety requirements with OEMs when providing specs in the design phase. This helps the OEM build compliant machinery and fulfill OSHA requirements from the early design stages. In European and Asia-Pacific regions, the responsibility to design and build safe and compliant machinery falls primarily on OEMs.
CFE: What standards committees are involved for users, OEMs, and system integrators of industrial machines?
Miller: Standards committees are generally open to a wide range of participants, including end users, OEMs, and certification bodies. Standards committees try to achieve a generally well-balanced representation of participants from different areas within the industrial machinery market so that each group has equal representation.
In terms of what main standards bodies to look to for guidance, end users that want machinery safety systems that are compliant with the most stringent standards should require OEMs to use ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) functional safety standards. Companies located in North America also need to comply with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations.
CFE: How will the upcoming merger of ISO 13849 and IEC 62061 (called IEC/ISO 17305) change machine safety compliance?
Miller: OEMs and end users find it difficult to choose between ISO 13849 (which is based on required Performance Levels for simple systems) and IEC 62061 (which is based on required Safety Integrity Levels for complex systems). There isn't a defined guide for which standard is most appropriate because each one has different requirements aimed at various design approaches for machinery safety systems. The upcoming merger of the two standards will help ease confusion for OEMs and end users because the new standard—IEC/ISO 17305—will represent the best sections of each one. The merger will harmonize content shared by both standards, including unique sections from ISO 13849 and IEC 62061, and the new standard will contain requirements for simple and complex systems.
CFE: In what ways is that different than what people are doing now?
Miller: Today people are choosing between each of the two standards, resulting in different companies using a different standard. There also is confusion regarding which standard is the most applicable for different machinery designs. The merger will result in one clear standard and will help reduce the amount of time and documentation required to comply, simplifying the overall process.
CFE: What will the merger mean for OEMs?
Miller: One unified standard will help shorten and simplify the safety system design process for OEMs. It also will help alleviate confusion between the two existing standards and add clarity by combining the best of both.
CFE: What design tools can help OEMs automate the process of designing safety into a machine to help ensure compliance and get machines out the door faster?
Miller: Rockwell Automation is creating tools to help simplify the machinery design process for OEMs as well as end users. These tools help designers more easily understand whether their machinery safety system will meet the required Performance Level before purchasing components and building machinery, saving time and money later on. Such software guides users through the design process by providing options for layout, safety Performance Level, and product selection using the broadest safety automation product portfolio. It then compiles product selections and generates a bill of materials, along with necessary data to populate SISTEMA [Safety Integrity Software Tool for the Evaluation of Machine Applications], which automatically indicates the attained Performance Level using ISO 13849.
CFE: How does all of this relate to what OSHA requires?
Miller: Each region has its own set of safety regulations, directives, and laws that require manufacturers to demonstrate compliance. In North America, following ISO standards and providing appropriate documentation allows OEMs and end users to demonstrate due diligence in creating and maintaining a safe working environment, as required by OSHA.
CFE: Anything else that's important to convey on this topic?
Miller: Keeping workers safe is every company's ethical responsibility. The manufacturing industry as a whole must continue to focus on improving machinery safety compliance. To do that, companies need to keep up with the latest, most stringent regulations, but also strive to make safety a top priority within their corporate cultures. Even with the best compliance processes in place, if even one employee doesn't feel that safety is a priority from the top down, those processes are out the window.
– Edited by Mark T. Hoske, content manager, CFE Media, Control Engineering and Plant Engineering, firstname.lastname@example.com.
Go Online
At www.controleng.com/archive, October, read this article for links to related resources.
See www.controleng.com/blogs for the machine safety blog.
Rockwell Automation safety technology overview
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The Keystone pipeline decision is a signal to blue-collar workers that this is no longer their fathers' Democratic Party.
The decision by the Obama administration to "delay" building the Keystone XL pipeline is a watershed moment in American politics. The implication of a policy choice rarely gets more stark than this. Put simply: Why should any blue-collar worker who isn't hooked for life to a public budget vote for Barack Obama next year?
The Keystone XL pipeline would have created at least 20,000 direct and indirect jobs. Much of this would have been well-paid work for craftsmen, not jobs as hod carriers to repave the Interstate.
On a recent trip to Omaha, Neb., Mr. Obama signaled where his head was on the pipeline during a TV interview: "Folks in Nebraska, like folks all across the country, aren't going to say to themselves, 'We're going to take a few thousand jobs if it means our kids are potentially drinking water that would damage their health." Imagine if he'd been leading a wagon train of workers and farmers across the Western frontier in 1850.
Within days of the Keystone decision, Canada's prime minister, Stephen Harper, said his country would divert sales of the Keystone-intended oil to Asia. Translation: Those lost American blue-collar pipeline jobs are disappearing into the Asian sun. Incidentally, Mr. Harper has said he wants to turn Canada into an energy "superpower," exploiting its oil, gas and hydroelectric resources. Meanwhile, the American president shores up his environmental base in Hollywood and on campus. Perhaps our blue-collar work force should consider emigrating to Canada.
Recall as well the president's gut reaction in 2010 to the BP Gulf oil spill: an order shutting down deep-water drilling in U.S. waters. The effect on blue-collar workers in that industry was devastating. Writing in these pages this week, Alaska GOP Sen. Lisa Murkowski described how Mexico, the Russians, Canada and even Cuba are moving to exploit oil and gas deposits adjacent to ours, while the Obama administration slow-walks new drilling permits.
No subject sits more centrally in the American political debate than the economic plight of the middle class. Presumably that means people making between $50,000 and $175,000 a year. The president fashions himself their champion.
This surely is bunk. Mr. Obama is the champion of the public-sector middle class. Just as private business has become an abstraction to the new class of public-sector Democratic politicians and academics who populate the Obama administration, so too the blue-collar workers employed by them have become similarly abstracted.
You would think someone in the private labor movement would wake up and smell the tar sands. Last week's Big Labor "victory" in Ohio was about spending tens of millions to support state and local government workers. Many union families attached to the state's withering auto plants no doubt voted with their public-sector brothers in solidarity. But why? Where the rubber hits the road—new jobs that will last a generation—what does this public-sector vote do for them?
Many farmers, ranchers and timber workers went Republican years ago over an increasingly ideological and uncompromising Democratic environmentalism that was wrecking their livelihoods. Now the same thing is happening to blue-collar workers. Mr. Obama from his first days made clear his hostility to carbon production. At best he views much of the private blue-collar work force as carbon enablers for whom he himself will create a new harmony of "green" industries. That would be Solyndra.
Solyndra isn't just a fiasco. It's a clear warning that launching new industries onto the big muddy of massive public subsidies is fraught with economic and political problems.
The Democratic promise to private blue-collar workers has been that the party would use its clout to in effect "manufacture" new jobs out of public budgets—high-speed rail projects, school construction and the like. But surely that's gone aglimmering.
Wisconsin, Ohio, New Jersey, New York and California—whose blue-collar families traditionally hand those states to Democratic candidates—are all locked in budgetary death struggles to pay for their public workers. That conversation is about generations-long budget commitments. There isn't going to be anything large left over for "public-private" job schemes.
There's little hope that anyone in the leadership of the traditional union movement, public or private, would entertain a rethinking of their historic ties to the Democratic Party. But younger workers should. The economic crisis of the past two years is no blip. In some construction unions, unemployment is well over 25%. The only force out there that can create real jobs over the longer term is the strongest private economic growth the U.S. can muster. The past three years of a Democratic administration's economic policies have the U.S. mired in a growth rate rotating like a forgotten flywheel around 2%.
America's workers, no matter the color of their collars, desperately need a higher economic growth rate than decisions such as the delay on Keystone are going to give them. The Keystone shuffle should make clear to many middle-class workers that this is no longer their fathers' Democratic Party. It's going in a different direction, toward the clouds. This may be the year to open negotiations with the alternative.


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Pulsar Group of Australia
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QLD Roll call
recommended workshops in brisbane?
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There are very few people who can really look at Britney Spears hanging about with mouthagape husband Federline and think "that should have been me." Justin Timberlake, though, did once have the opportunity, and he blew it. So perhaps his of Federline is coloured a little:
"He thinks Kevin is gross, and there's not much that would change his mind about that," a source told the tab. "He says that they [Spears and Timberlake] had a lot of great years together, and he's pretty sad at how things turned out for her."
No, that seems balanced and fair enough. But also slightly deluded - "a lot of great years together"? Sure, quite a few decent weekends, maybe even a lot of great pizzas... but a lot of great years is surely a stretch?


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Prepare for Transfer and Career Opportunities
Offering Afrocentric courses, critical race theory framework, insight into resistance movements and a focus on social justice, this program provides a strong foundation for transfer and future employment within local and global black communities. A capstone course may include a service-learning project or a study abroad option to an African location. Through studying texts and completing your own research, you will enhance your critical thinking, leadership and communication skills, all in-demand skills for any career area.


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Adam Jacobs Will Lead National Tour of Aladdin
Adam Jacobs will ride his magic carpet across the country. The star of Broadway's Aladdin is set to reprise his role as the titular street urchin-turned-prince in the Disney musical's national tour. Performances will kick off on April 11 at Chicago's Cadillac Palace Theatre. Additional casting for the tour will be announced at a later date.
Jacobs takes his final bow at Broadway's New Amsterdam Theatre on February 12. Current understudy Joshua Dela Cruz will assume the title role temporarily beginning February 14 until a full-time replacement is announced.
Prior to taking on the title role in Aladdin, Jacobs appeared on Broadway in Les Miserables and The Lion King. His additional credits include Mamma Mia! on tour and Once on this Island at New Jersey's Paper Mill Playhouse.
Adapted from the 1992 Disney animated film, Aladdin is the story of a street urchin who uses the help of a magic Genie to win the heart of Princess Jasmine. Directed and choreographed by Casey Nicholaw, the production features a book by Chad Beguelin, music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Tim Rice, Beguelin and the late Howard Ashman.
Aladdin is currently running on Broadway at the New Amsterdam Theatre. The production officially opened on March 20, 2014, starring Jacobs as Aladdin, Courtney Reed as Jasmine, Tony winner James Monroe Iglehart as the Genie and Jonathan Freeman as Jafar.


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Anyone who's heard me speak about the CCRMC System Redesign has heard me speak of my father. In my blog entry on his birthday, I disclosed how disorienting the experience of being a 'daughter at the bedside' was for me.
"I tried to keep up as the teams rounded on him. I began to realize that after all the time I had spent in a hospital, I hadn't a clue how it all worked. I couldn't figure out who was in charge of which part of his body. I couldn't keep up with his deteriorating health and growing amount of health care intervention."It seemed in just a few short weeks my father went from being a strong independent man who always knew best, to a person reduced to a diagnosis, a set of complicated and ever-changing presentations. He became a man who was dependent on a system of care surrounding him that didn't seem to truly grasp how far away he was from himself. After knowing him my entire life, experts began to redefine him in terms I would have never considered using to describe my father: the Acute Renal Failure (I even heard them say ARF); the pancreatitis in 12; confused, demented and elderly. Sometimes (I believe in an attempt to reassure us) we were told "for his age this is common." It was anything but common. It was absolutely unique for him and for us as a family.
I remember my dad's last Father's Day. He was in the hospital and I gave him a collection of CDs. It was an audio collection of mystery radio. When I was a young girl, my mother went to law school at night. My dad and I would drive 30 minutes to the school and sit in the car waiting for my mother to get out of class. We would listen to Radio Mystery Theater with E.G. Marshall. It was an attempt at radio show revival during the 70's. During the show, we would try to guess who committed the dastardly act. I would "rest my eyes" in the last 15 minutes but I would pretend I was awake the whole time and my dad always played along. The show would end about 15 minutes before my mother actually came out. My dad and I would explain our rationale for choosing the suspect and almost always our conversations would wander.
We traveled very little, we were a big camping and hiking family. I always wanted to see the great cities of the world, so my dad would tell me a story about a place he had gone when he was in the military. He would recall little details which didn't often reveal very much about the place of interest, but revealed a tremendous amount about his experience of being there. He would describe how warm or cool the wind was, the smell in the air, colors people were wearing, what the food tasted like, and the feel of the ground under his feet. His stories were always my favorite part of the day. If ever I asked for him to tell me about a place he had been, he would always, without fail, deliver. He was a great storyteller.
If the truth be told the radio show CD's were probably more for me than him, ibut as always, he played along. I placed the CD in the portable stereo I had brought from home. I think he quite liked the idea, but didn't really listen, because I don't think he felt well enough. He drifted in and out of sleep. His nurse peeked in the room and motioned to me she would come back. She softly shut the door and at that moment every monitor, hall conversation, ringing telephone and supply cart rolling by faded into the distance. It was as if we were sitting in the dark parking lot in our family car, me and my dad and Radio Mystery Theater, just as I remembered. When the show was over my dad opened his eyes and said "I knew who did it the whole time." He smirked because we both knew he had no clue, he was fast asleep. He asked me how school was going and I told him all about Parnassus Campus (one of my favorite places). I shared little details about Millbury Union, the beautiful fog that seemed to linger all day, and the great library. He said he remembered the library well, calling it "the crossroads of the world." He complained that no one goes anymore and soon young people will not understand the silence of the great rooms of knowledge and the smell of old books. The nurse came and went and my dad drifted off to sleep. I did too, I was exhausted.
While walking through the medical center I reflected on Don Berwick's plenary speech at the 2009 International Forum on Quality and Safety in Health Care in Berlin. He said that he believes we would all be better off "if professionals (us) would behave with patients and families not as their hosts in our care system, but as guests in their lives."
We can count how many patients are in our hospital, but how many lives are we really touching? So many people make up our experience of living: people whom we can delight just by slowing down from our hurried pace and taking a moment to listen to them with an aim to understand what they are telling us; people whom we can disappoint, because too often we assume we know what is right and we define them relying on our experience as a professional, rather than on their experience as a unique and vibrant individual with stories and experiences that far exceed anything we will have the privilege of knowing.
I thought about the nurse who shut the door for my dad, a gift from her to us. No more monitors, no more call lights, no more ringing telephones, just me and my dad and Radio Mystery Theater, just as I remembered. She took the time. She gave us respite from the unsettling experience of being in a hospital. She gave us a moment of peace and quiet on our last Father's Day. On that night, that nurse not only cared for my father, she touched my life too.
Happy Father's Day,
This story also appears in Privileged Presence: Personal Stories of Connections in Health Care. 2nd Edition. Crocker, L. & Johnson, B. 2015.


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ADULT LITERACY PROSE SKILL LEVELS Source: Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey, Summary Results 2006 (cat. no. 4228.0). LITERACY AND SKILL LEVELS
A number of factors, including educational attainment, whether English is a person's first or second language, age and labour force activity are related to literacy skills. People who either did not complete schooling to Year 12 (or equivalent) or spoke English as a second language comprised 83% of those with poor prose literacy skills (level 1 and 2). PROPORTION OF PEOPLE WITH POOR PROSE LITERACY(a) - 2006 (a) Prose literacy skill levels 1 and 2. (b) Excludes people still at school. Source: ABS 2006 Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey. Level of school completed An individual's literacy skills are related to the number of years of schooling completed. In 2006, after excluding those still at school, just over half of Australians aged 15-74 years had not completed school to Year 12 (or equivalent). This group was more than twice as likely to have poor prose literacy skills than were those who had completed Year 12 (63% compared with 29%). On average, literacy skills increase with each additional year of school completed. For example, 71% of those who had completed school at Year 12 (or equivalent) had adequate or better prose literacy skills compared with 56% of those who only completed Year 11, and 10% of those who finished school at Year 8 or below. HIGHEST LEVEL OF SCHOOL COMPLETED(a): PROPORTION WITH ADEQUATE OR BETTER PROSE LITERACY(b) - 2006 (a) Excludes people still at school. (b) Prose literacy skill levels 3, 4 and 5. (c) Includes those who never attended school. Source: ABS 2006 Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey. English as a second language One factor affecting an individual's English literacy skills is whether their first language was English. Native English speakers are likely to have better English literacy skills than those who first spoke a language other than English. In 2006, one in five Australians aged 15-74 years spoke English as a second language. Those who first spoke a language other than English were more likely to have poor prose literacy skills (64%) than those whose first language was English (42%). LITERACY AND AGE The relationship between age and literacy levels is complex. While skills can be acquired, developed and maintained over the life span, they can also be lost. 1 Declining levels of literacy skills with increasing age may be associated with the onset of certain health conditions. As time passes, people may experience a decline in cognitive abilities due to ageing effects and declining health. Processing speed and memory can be affected by age-related health problems. For people aged 25 years and over, those who report their health as being good or better tend to have higher levels of literacy skills than those reporting fair or poor health. Fair or poor health may also prevent people from engaging in ongoing education programs which may help them maintain their literacy skills. A higher proportion (47%) of people reporting good or better health, compared with those reporting fair or poor health (29%), had undertaken a course in the past 12 months. A number of factors are related to age and literacy, including years of schooling completed and attainment of qualifications, labour force activity, and health status. Literacy skills across the life course are not only related to the capacity and opportunity to develop these skills, but also to the need for a particular level of skill according to an individual's job, family, caring or study activities. In both 1996 and 2006, the proportion of people with an adequate or higher level of prose literacy was highest among those aged 25-44 years and then declined with increasing age. The literacy of a population or groups within a population may vary over time according to changes in access to education opportunities. In more recent times, there have been improvements in educational attainment, particularly for younger people. In 2006, 70% of those aged 25-34 years had completed year 12, compared with only 18% of 65-74 year olds. This factor contributed to higher levels of literacy skills in younger age groups compared with older age groups. The literacy skill levels of the group aged 55 years and over rose between 1996 and 2006. In 2006, 45% of people aged 55-64 years had adequate or better levels of prose literacy compared with 35% in 1996. Participation in continuing education throughout life is associated with good literacy skills. However, it is also likely that those with better literacy skills are more attracted to participation in adult learning. This is supported by the results of the ALLS survey. In 2006, those with adequate or better prose literacy skills were more likely than those with poor literacy skills to undertake a course (57% compared with 30%). Although the proportion of people undertaking further study tends to decline with age, those who had undertaken a course of study in the past 12 months, whether the course counted towards a qualification or not, had higher levels of prose literacy skills than those who had not undertaken further study. The level of literacy of those people who had undertaken study in the past year remained relatively high across all broad age groups with 72% of 35-54 year olds and 67% of 55-74 year olds having adequate or better prose literacy skills. PROPORTION WITH ADEQUATE OR BETTER PROSE LITERACY(a) BY AGE GROUP
Source: ABS Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey, 2006; ABS Survey of Aspects of Literacy, 1996. WHETHER TOOK A COURSE(a) IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS: WITH ADEQUATE OR BETTER PROSE LITERACY(b) - 2006 (a) Includes study for qualification and non-qualification courses. (b) Prose literacy skills 3, 4 and 5. Source: ABS 2006 Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey. DEVELOPING AND MAINTAINING LITERACY SKILLS In addition to educational attainment, other life experiences, such as labour force participation and participation in formal and informal learning, may contribute to maintaining or enhancing literacy skills. Non-school qualifications Higher levels of educational attainment are associated with higher levels of literacy skills. In 2006, 55% of the adult population aged 15-74 years had a non-school qualification. The vast majority (85%) of people with a Postgraduate degree had adequate or better prose literacy skills compared with 79% of those whose highest qualification was a Bachelor degree, and 49% whose highest qualification was a Certificate. Adult learning In 2006, 44% of people aged 15-74 years who were not at school had undertaken a course in the previous 12 months. Around seven in ten people who had undertaken a course in the past 12 months had adequate or better prose literacy skills. In contrast, around four in ten of those who had not undertaken a course had adequate or better literacy skills. Those who undertook a course in the past 12 months had higher literacy skills than those who had not, regardless of the educational attainment of individuals in either group. Other than undertaking courses, there are a variety of other ways in which people learn. Informal learning activities include reading; watching TV; using the Internet in order to learn; attending seminars; visiting museums; and learning by watching and getting advice from others. In 2006, 87% of people aged 15-74 years had participated in some kind of informal learning activity. Many of the 13% of the population who did not participate in any informal learning activities had fair or poor health or spoke English as a second language. Work Changes in the structure of the economy are driving changes in the composition of the labour force. In the decade to 2006 the proportion of those employed who were managers and administrators, or professionals or associate professionals, rose from 35% to 40%, and the proportion working as tradespeople, labourers and related workers fell from 24% to 21%. 3 This reflects a shift towards a knowledge-based economy and an increasing demand for literacy skills. Poor literacy skills may restrict the types of employment a person can do, or affect whether they are able to find employment. The type of literacy and life skill competencies required of a person at work also influence literacy skills. In general, those who are working have higher levels of literacy skills than those not working. Six in ten people who were employed in 2006 had adequate or better prose literacy skills compared with around four in ten of those who were not working. Of all occupation groups, Professionals had the highest proportion of people with adequate or better prose literacy skills (82%), followed by managers (70%). These proportions were similar to 1996. PROPORTION OF PEOPLE WITH ADEQUATE OR BETTER PROSE LITERACY(a) BY SELECTED OCCUPATIONS - 2006 (a) Skill levels 3, 4 and 5 are considered to represent adequate or better prose literacy. (b) Includes other occupations. Source: ABS 2006 Literacy and Life Skills Survey. INCOME While literacy represents only part of a person's overall skills and abilities, those with higher levels of literacy tended to have higher income. In 2006, 77% of people with high income had adequate or better prose literacy skills, compared with 57% of those in the middle income group and 37% of those with low income. PROSE LITERACY LEVELS: INCOME GROUPS - 2006 (a) The low income group consists of people in the 2nd and 3rd income deciles, when all people are ranked, from lowest to highest income; the middle income group consists of people in the 5th and 6th deciles and the high income group consists of those in the 9th and 10th income deciles. Source: ABS 2006 Literacy and Life Skills Survey. CONCLUSION Literacy skills in the population are strongly linked to educational attainment and labour force participation. Other factors such as type of occupation, whether English was a second language, age, health and participation in formal and informal learning also affect literacy skill levels. There are a range of organisations and activities in Australia that support and promote adult learning and literacy. Organisations such as the Australian Council for Adult Literacy provide leadership in debate on adult literacy and numeracy policy and practices, while activities such as Adult Learner's week, held annually around Australia, aim to promote adult learning and highlight the range of learning options available. OTHER INFORMATION Data sources and definitions The ABS Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALLS) was conducted from July 2006 to January 2007 and aimed to measure the literacy skills of Australians aged 15-74 years. Four domains of literacy were measured including prose literacy, document literacy, numeracy and problem solving. Health literacy, using information from all four domains, was also derived. Prose literacy is the ability to understand and use information from various kinds of narrative texts, including texts from newspapers, magazines and brochures. Document literacy measures the knowledge and skills required to locate and use information contained in various formats including job applications, payroll forms, transportation schedules, maps, tables and charts. Numeracy is the knowledge and skills required to effectively manage and respond to the mathematical demands of diverse situations. Problem solving is goal-directed thinking and action in situations for which no routine solution is available. For each domain, proficiency was measured on a scale ranging from 0 to 500 points and has been grouped into 5 skill levels (except for problem solving, where only 4 levels were defined). Level 1 is the lowest measured level of literacy for each domain. For more information, see Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey, Australia: User Guide (cat. no. 4228.0.55.002). A similar survey, the ABS Survey of Aspects of Literacy, was conducted in 1996, enabling comparisons of some aspects of literacy (prose and document literacy) between 1996 and 2006. International comparison In 2006, the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey was conducted as part of an international survey in seven Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries for people aged 16-64 years. Australia had similar literacy levels to Canada, and scored higher across each of the top three prose literacy levels than Italy and the United States. Compared with Australia, Norway had a lower proportion of the population scoring level 1 for prose literacy, and a higher proportion scoring level 4 or 5. Different levels of non-response to the survey in different countries may affect the capacity to make comparisons. For example, response rates in different countries ranged from 82% in Bermuda and 81% in Australia, to 40% in Switzerland and 44% in Italy. 2 PROSE SKILL LEVEL: SELECTED COUNTRIES AND AUSTRALIA - 2006
Skill levels for prose and document literacy Someone with skill level 1 may have trouble using a bus timetable or completing basic forms. People at this skill level may be able to locate some information on a medicine label, however skill level 1 includes people who could not complete such tasks. At skill level 2 a person may be able to complete the tasks mentioned above, but may not be able to interpret a weather map or summarise a piece of text. At skill level 3 people may not be able to compare and contrast written information, extract information from a pamphlet or interpret pie charts. Level 3 is regarded by experts as a suitable minimum for 'coping with the increasing demands of the emerging knowledge society and information economy'. 1 Skill level 4 and 5 are the highest skill levels. As the numbers of people in these groups are small, they have been combined for the purposes of this article. ENDNOTES 1 Statistics Canada and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 2005, Learning a Living: First Results of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey, OECD, Paris. 2 Australian Bureau of Statistics 2007, Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey, Summary Results, Australia, cat. no. 4228.0, ABS, Canberra. 3 Australian Bureau of Statistics 2008, Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly, Feb 2008, cat. no. 6291.0.55.003, ABS, Canberra. Articles in Australian Social Trends are designed to provide an overview of a current social issue. We aim to present an interesting and easy-to-read story, balanced with appropriate statistics. The articles are written as a starting point or summary of the issues, for a wide audience including policy makers, researchers, journalists and people who just want to have a better understanding of a topic. For people who require further information, we aim to provide references to other useful and more detailed sources.


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Understanding the healthcare system and those who work in it will help make you more effective in your work and more comfortable interacting with the wide range of clinicians, health administrators and other healthcare staff.
Knowing at least the basics about human health, the health system and how the clinical process works is essential for eHealth Professionals. Those who have not had the time or opportunity to participate in a relevant full undergraduate education program often find themselves lacking in this key area of knowledge. The online H4IT program is being offered to address this gap. H4IT introduces the Canadian healthcare system, the basic concepts associated with human health (including discussions about anatomy, physiology and pathology), and the nature and activities of the care process. The material is based on easy-to-understand cases and uses a successive refinement approach to presenting material – we gradually elucidate detail so that it is digestible and memorable. H4IT won't turn you into a clinician, but it will enable you to understand what clinicians do, what health and sickness are all about and how care is delivered through our health system.
H4IT comprises a series of 5 segments that will be offered in succession over the next year. Each segment will have 4 or 5 sessions, each of about 1.5 hours duration with a half-hour over-run period (total of approximately 33 hours instruction and discussion). Although it will be possible to participate in each session separately, we strongly recommend signing up for at least one complete segment or the entire program.
Sessions will be scheduled weekly with a summer break. The time and day for sessions will be announced.
Program Segments
Segment 1: Introduction
How the Canadian healthcare system is organized, how clinicians provide care and how these worlds are interrelated.
Segment 2: Understanding Doctors, Nurses and Other Care Providers
What they know, how they make decisions, how their actions are influenced by information systems.
Segment 3: Complex Challenges in the Care of Individual Patients and of Populations.
Segment 4: Healthcare in the Developed World
The rise of Chronic Diseases and how the health system, including electronic records, can influence care.
Segment 5: The Evolution of Health, of Medicine and of the Health System
Some key changes that you need to be prepared for.
Segment 1: 5 Sessions
Segment 1 will given in 5 sessions on the following dates.
Session 1: Tuesday, April 2, 2013 – 12:00 PM ET
Session 2: Tuesday, April 16, 2013 – 12:00 PM ET
Session 3: Tuesday, April 30, 2013 – 12:00 PM ET
Session 4: Tuesday, May 21, 2013 – 12:00 PM ET
Session 5: Wednesday, June 5, 2013 – 12:00 PM ET
Educational Objectives
Program Leaders
Delivery Medium
Supporting Materials
Certificate of Participation


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A lost generation in the making
Five-year-old Hanan takes off her shoes and stands them neatly next to the already overflowing shoe rack. Eyes bright with happy anticipation, she grabs her bag and enters a large room decorated with garlands and colourful pictures. Around 40 other children are sitting on the carpet and on mattresses placed against the walls. It's just before eight o'clock and the cheerful, noisy throng is waiting for the morning greeting ritual.
"Sabah al-Hair," calls Silja, the head teacher of the kindergarten, wishing the children good morning. "Sabah al-Nur," they respond. Together, they sing and pray. Then the children split up into groups to pursue different activities. Hanan, taking a friend by the hand, waves goodbye and disappears into the adjacent room, which is devoted to painting and arts & crafts.
The mood is cheerful and the rooms are filled with the sound of children's laughter. Yet appearances are deceptive. This is not a normal kindergarten, and even if they are able to laugh again, these are not happy, carefree children. They are refugees from the civil war in Syria a few kilometres away and they all have seen and experienced things that will haunt them the rest of their lives.
A semblance of security
Manshia is a small village near the city of Mafraq in northern Jordan. From nearby hilltop, one can look far into Syria, which seems at once so close and yet part of another world. Over there is war and misery; here there is a semblance of security.
Hanan was born in Homs, a city that has been the scene of heated battles for more than three years now. All that's left is rubble and ash, just like Hanan's house. Eight months ago, the family decided to flee. They struggled across the Jordanian border on foot and were taken in by the Zaatari UN refugee camp, which with its 120,000 residents is already the country's fifth largest "city". The infrastructure there is completely overwhelmed by the endless stream of refugees.
"Under no circumstances did we want to stay in the camp!" says Hanan's father, looking back. "There were seven of us sharing a tent. There was little fresh food and the hygienic conditions were a disaster. We hoped to find people outside the camp who could help us. And to find work."
According to official statistics, about 560,000 Syrian refugees have fled to Jordan to date, but the actual number is assumed to be far greater. 80% of the refugees are women and children. Most of the families live outside the camps. Depending on their budget, they rent either tiny apartments or houses, while others set up makeshift dwellings in undeveloped areas. Hanan's family was one of 350 Syrian families to settle in Manshia.
An official Jordanian work permit is hard for refugees to come by, which is why most work illegally at low-wage jobs to scratch together enough money to pay rent, electricity, water and food – with prices rising steadily due to the endless influx of refugees.
"We have to sell more than half the food we get with our UN food stamps in order to have a roof over our heads at the end of the month," laments Hanan's mother. Relief supplies such as donated clothes or toy donations are also sold for cash.
And yet it's usually still not enough. According to a study conducted by the international development aid association Oxfam, the income (including aid) of the refugee families on average covers less than half their costs for housing, food and medical care. Four out of five families are in debt. Once their savings have been spent, they have no choice but to return to the misery of the camps.
The weakest link
This misery is palpable. It means hunger, cold and disease, and it endangers in particular the weakest link in the chain: the children. Relief supplies and donations, medical care and warm clothes seek to counteract these hardships as much as possible. But there is still another kind of suffering, one that goes deeper and does the children far greater harm in the long term than an empty belly.
At only five years old, Hanan has already seen death. She has encountered inhuman violence. She watched her hometown being destroyed and looked on as her home, harbouring her entire past, collapsed before her eyes. Like almost every Syrian child, she has experienced relatives and friends disappearing and dying. When she plays with her friends in the kindergarten in Manshia, she seems like a normal happy girl. But at night, she's plagued by terrible nightmares when all that she has experienced wells up in her.
"Every child has a different way of dealing with the past," explains Daniel Harrison, an aid worker. "While some seem to be able to repress it all, others display distinct signs of trauma: shyness, loss of language, bed-wetting, sudden emotional outbursts, crying and listlessness. Nearly all the children are anxious about the future and afraid of a repetition of their traumatic experiences." Harrison derives this information from a study he conducted last year of four- to five-year-old refugee children in Manshia.
About a year ago, the young American arrived in Mafraq with his wife, Kim. The couple were previously development aid workers in Yemen, but had to leave the country because of the precarious security situation. They decided to come to Jordan and help the Syrian refugees there. In co-operation with the German NGO Vision Hope, they realised their concept of a kindergarten for traumatised children as a pilot project for further kindergartens in Jordan and Lebanon.
Safe haven
"The idea was to build a safe place for the refugee children, where by means of various approaches such as Montessori and psychotherapy, they can put their past behind them and learn to be children again," explains Kim Harrison.
The kindergarten is first and foremost a safe haven. Here, the children can play, sing, do arts & crafts and learn. Their timetable also includes lessons in English and Arabic. The teachers use painting therapy and play therapy to gently help the children come to terms with their past and at the same time turn their gaze to a more hopeful future. In difficult cases, the children and, if necessary, their families, are referred to a psychologist from the capital city of Amman for therapy.
The kindergarten teachers, too, need to consult the expert at regular intervals; they carry their own mental burdens in addition to dealing with the children's trauma. All 18 teachers are Syrian women with training in education and trauma therapy.
A drop in the ocean?
About 80 children aged from four to seven years attend the kindergarten in Manshia. 80 children. It seems like a mere drop in the ocean given the appalling number of 1.2 million Syrian children currently residing as refugees outside their homeland or the still more alarming number of 4.2 million children who are exposed to the daily dangers of poverty, displacement and violence in their war-torn homeland.
They all belong to a generation whose future is at risk – and not only because of the ongoing fighting. The problem is that they have scarcely any access to education, neither in Syria – where one in five schools has been destroyed, closed, or repurposed – nor in the host countries, where the national educational institutions do not have the capacity to absorb the throngs of Syrian schoolchildren pouring over the borders. The children have experienced extreme adversity and look to an uncertain future in which hope and confidence threaten to be submerged in the dark morass of fear.
"Al Iman, Al Amal, Al Hubb (faith, hope, love). That is our principle," says Silja. "Above all, we place love at the centre of all we do: that is what we pass on to the children, and what supports the internal healing process." In reality, though, it will take more than just love to prevent the emergence of a lost generation.
Laura Overmeyer
© Qantara.de 2014
Translated from the German by Jennifer Taylor
Editor: Aingeal Flanagan/Qantara.de


text: The stories present mathematical problems. In a later issue, Carroll gives the solution to a Knot and discusses readers' answers. The mathematical interpretations of the Knots are not always straightforward. The writer's intention was to embody in each Knot (like the medicine so dexterously, but ineffectually, concealed in the jam of our early childhood) one or more mathematical questions-in Arithmetic, Algebra, or Geometry.


text:
Aluminum. Never Dull.
Gray, malleable, and the most abundant metal on Earth, aluminum extrusion is our business and has been for over 30 years.
Aluminum extrusions can be turned into a limitless number of shapes, colours, finishes and ultimately, aluminum products. And turning aluminum into ideas has been our business for over 30 years. In fact, we have delivered more ideas to more customers than any other aluminum extrusion company in Canada. Innovative R&D and Single Source manufacturing allow us to create everything from the efficient production of simple aluminum extrusion to the infinite detail of custom finished anodized aluminum products. Customers choose Spectra Aluminum because we deliver industry-leading aluminum extrusion service with powerful business innovation. If you're looking for world-class quality right here in Canada contact us to find out more.
Aluminum. In Harmony.
Every job is different, every business unique.
Being in sync with our customers and having the ability to create efficient and flexible aluminum solutions is what sets Spectra Aluminum apart. Whether we execute a simple aluminum extrusion or a highly complex design with custom finishing, we pride ourselves on being in harmony with each customer's unique business and process needs. Innovative R&D and Single Source manufacturing allows us to create almost anything - always with higher standards of quality. If you're looking for world-class solutions right here in Canada contact us to find out more.
Aluminum. Finely crafted.
Fine jewelry, cars and clothes - true classics are always crafted with exceptional quality.
You feel it from a distance and you can see it up close in the details a finely crafted object possesses an unmistakable quality. We've been in the aluminum extrusion business for over 30 years and pride ourselves on the total quality of our process. An unparalleled level of attention to detail our customers find in everything from aluminum extrusion, aluminum anodizing through to finishing. As a Single Source supplier, we reduce huge amounts of wear and tear and also eliminate potential conflicts between suppliers. If you're looking for world-class quality right here in Canada contact us to find out more.
Aluminum. For life.
The most abundant metal on Earth can be recycled endlessly without any loss of quality or structural integrity.
This abundance of aluminum and its versatility and low weight-to-strength ratio make aluminum extrusion ideal for cars, airplanes and even the Space Shuttle. As we move to greener building initiatives and solar energy solutions, aluminum makes more and more sense as the material of choice. For over 30 years we've created innovative aluminum extrusions from simple fabrication through to custom finished anodized aluminum products. And now we're turning our experience into new ideas to help reduce carbon footprints and energy consumption with our in-house LEEDs consultant and solar industry solutions. So if you're looking for world-class quality right here in Ontario contact us to find out more.


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Nasdaq hackers target service for corporate boards
(AP) -- Hackers broke into a Nasdaq service that handles confidential communications for some 300 corporations, the company said Saturday - the latest vulnerability exposed in the computer systems Wall Street depends on.
The intrusions did not affect Nasdaq's stock trading systems and no customer data was compromised, Nasdaq OMX Group Inc. said. Nasdaq is the largest electronic securities trading market in the U.S., with more than 2,800 listed companies.
A federal official told The Associated Press that the hackers broke into the service repeatedly over more than a year. Investigators are trying to identify the hackers, the official said. The motive is unknown. The official spoke on condition of anonymity because the inquiry by the FBI and Secret Service is continuing.
The targeted service, Directors Desk, helps companies share documents with directors between scheduled board meetings. It also allows online discussions and Web conferencing within a board. Since board directors have access to information at the highest level of a company, penetrating the service could be of great value for insider trading.
Nasdaq OMX spokesman Frank DeMaria said the Justice Department had requested that the company keep silent about the intrusion until at least Feb. 14. However, The Wall Street Journal reported the investigation on its website late Friday, prompting Nasdaq to issue a statement and notify its customers.
DeMaria said Nasdaq OMX detected "suspicious files" during a regular security scan on U.S. servers unrelated to its trading systems and determined that Directors Desk was potentially affected. It pulled in forensic firms and federal law enforcement for an investigation. They found no evidence that customer information was accessed by hackers.
Rich Mogull, an analyst and CEO with the security research firm Securosis, said Web-accessible services like Directors Desk are a prime target for hackers, and have sometimes been a back door for systems that aren't directly connected to the Web. The presence of files on the Directors Desk system and the claim that no customer information was compromised could indicate that hackers were able to get in but not complete their attack, he said.
Computer security experts have long warned that many companies aren't doing enough to protect sensitive data, and recent events have underlined the point. The secret-spilling organization WikiLeaks has published confidential documents from banks in Switzerland and Iceland and claims to have incriminating documents from a major U.S. bank, possibly Bank of America.
In 1999, hackers infiltrated the websites of Nasdaq and the American Stock Exchange leaving taunting messages, but Nasdaq officials said then that there was no evidence the break-ins affected financial data.
Nasdaq OMX CEO Bob Greifeld said in a statement that cyber attacks against corporations and government are constant and the company is vigilant in maintaining security.
"We continue to evaluate and enhance our advanced security controls to respond to the ever increasing global cyber threat and continue to devote extensive resources to further secure our systems," he said.
Some of the Wall Street's technological scares have been unrelated to hackers. In June 2009, a computer glitch knocked out trading in 242 stocks on the New York Stock Exchange for several hours.
More recently, high-speed trading software precipitated a "flash crash" on May 6. One trade worth $4.1 billion touched off a chain of events that ended with 30 stocks listed in the S&P 500 index falling at least 10 percent within five minutes. The drop briefly wiped out $1 trillion in market value as some stocks traded as low as a penny.
©2010 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Welcome to Key West
Colorful Key West combines a tropical island vibe with a laid-back lifestyle for a Caribbean-esque vacation at the southernmost tip of the United States. History buffs will want to take a sun break to visit Ernest Hemingway's Home and Museum, President Harry S. Truman's Little White House, and the Key West Shipwreck Museum. Water lovers can explore on guided cruises, snorkeling or kayaking tours, Jet Ski rides, or quiet evening sails. Sunset is a major event each evening, with crowds gathering at Mallory Square to watch the show and enjoy street performances. Most people also visit festive Duval Street to explore the bars, restaurants, and art galleries.


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I am considering to find a way to have people do some guest blogging on one of my sites in order to get quality content fast from different perspectives. I have a list of 500 authors (from using google alerts for a year) that have written articles about the subject that the site is all about but what should I offer them to get them interested? I realize that if I offer them x dollars I can get anyone to write an article so I am looking for other incentives than money… <snip/>
I can add that even though it is difficult to extimate the value the guest blogger gets from being on the new site the domain is an exact match for a phrase that they have tried to rank on before so backlinks should count for something.
I think that if you are interested in attracting guest bloggers, a good way is to advertise it on your blog. I would also use Social Media to put out the word.
From my experience, cross promoting can be of greater importance than money alone.
You can go to business2community and talk to bloggers there - this will give you useful info as for what bloggers actually value more today.
Another thing is that a lot of people who blog have their own companies, so you can have a following deal with them - they do guest blogging for you, and you put a link or reference to their company's website
Putting a request for guest authors on your blog would be the first step. But you are right that it may be hard to attract guest authors to a brand new domain with no reputation or authority. The first step may to build up your domain popularity. In the mean time, the best option may be to pay for articles or write them yourself.
You are on the right track here. Guest blogging is a great way to get some fresh expert perspectives onto your website and also change things up a bit for your readers.
One thing you could do it look at any tracking software you have enabled for your blog and see which blogs or website are already sending you traffic. Then you could reach out to those website owners and see if they would be interested in collaborating. If they are already sending traffic, chances are that their visitors are also interested in your content.
Here are some more tips for you,
Hope that helps,
in addition to the above suggestions, you can also put in your website some sort of advertisements that your accepting guest bloggers. It could be a "write for us" button or a landing page so that when a user visits your website, he/she would know that you are accepting guest posts.
I agree with "Putting a request for guest authors on your blog would be the first step"
You can also try listing your website on guest blogging communities such as MyBlogGuest and BloggerLinkUp. They can help you to hook up with writers, authors and bloggers who are willing to contribute guest posts.
However, as a new website, try to be strict on the moderation on guest posts. A lot of guest authors or bloggers out there are submitting low quality 500 words article just to get a backlink from your website. If these articles or blog posts add little value to your users or readers, your blog will not appeal to the audience that you are trying to target. This may even affect your SEO efforts in the long term. Sites hosting a lot of low value content may be seen by Google as a content farm that site owners use to get links, thus devaluing the authority (and of course, rankings) of your website in the search results.
Create a guest post page on your website. secondly start posting in webmaster forums and ask for guest posts.


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Show All Answers
To vote in a City election you must be a resident of the municipal district and have resided in this state for at least 22 days prior to the election and be registered to vote.
For the April 2023 election, ballots will be mailed on March 17, 2023. If you don't receive your ballot, please call the City Clerks' office at 970-244-1509.
Ballots are mailed to eligible voters at an address within the Grand Junction city limits. If you didn't get a ballot it could be because:
If you make a mistake on your ballot, or for some other reason are unable to use the ballot mailed to you, please fill out and file a Replacement Ballot Form.
All ballots must be returned by 7 pm on Election Day. Postmarks do not count as a received date. Ballots received after 7 pm on Election Day will not be counted.
Ballots can be returned via mail (with the proper amount for postage affixed) or to one of the drop boxes listed on the voter instructions.
Even though the City is divided into districts, eligible voters can vote for candidates in each district. The same ballot is sent to all eligible voters.
All eligible voters can vote for candidates in the at-large race as well. Again, the same ballot is sent to all eligible voters.
Per the City's Charter (Section 20), the names of candidates shall be arranged in alphabetical order of the surnames.
State law provides that all municipal elections shall be nonpartisan. Candidates are not required to provide information about their party affiliation, nor does the City request the party affiliation of any candidate.
The City Election Information page will have contact information for the candidates and committees. Please contact the candidates and/or committees directly if you have specific questions.
You may request a Replacement Ballot by completing a sworn statement form in-person. Sworn statement forms may be obtained at the City of Grand Junction, City Clerk's Office during regular business hours, 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday – Friday (except legal holidays) and on Election Day from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. If you have any questions, please contact the City Clerk's office at (970) 244-1509.
The unofficial results of the City election will be posted on the City's website around 7:15 pm on Election Day. The information will be updated once the ballots are tabulated. A link from the City's homepage, as well as links from the election page, will be available on Election Day. Results are also provided on Cable Channel 191. In addition, the local media usually provides extensive coverage on their websites.
The City encourages voters to return their ballots early, which will ensure quicker results after 7 pm on Election Day.
The purpose of printing your name, signing, and dating the outside of the return envelope is to allow election officials to examine the return envelope and compare the information on the envelope to the voter registration records to determine whether the ballot was submitted by an eligible elector who has not previously voted in the election.
Voters who are not comfortable with mailing the return envelope with the signature on the outside may return their ballots to the ballot box locations listed on the Voter Instruction sheet. It is also permissible to put the return envelope in another larger envelope addressed to the address on the return envelope. The larger envelope can include more than one ballot, as long as each ballot is sealed in the voter's return envelope and the voter has completed the return envelope with his or her printed name, signature, and date. (Be sure to affix adequate postage to the larger envelope if it contains more than one ballot.)
Monday, March 27 is the last day you can register to vote and still receive a mailed ballot. If you miss this deadline, you can still register to vote up to and including election day (April 4); however you will need to appear in person at the Grand Junction City Clerk's Office (250 North 5th Street) to pick up a ballot.


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Once there was a boy who loved model trains. When the boy grew up, he became the chief engineer of train exhibitions at the Chicago Botanic Garden—and he still plays with trains. "I hardly get to play with my railroad at home because I get to play with this one," said Dave Rodelius, in the tone of a man who can't believe his good fortune.
This year marks Rodelius's 15th season at the Model Railroad Garden: Landmarks of America, which opens Saturday, May 9, with a special treat. This season, the Model Railroad Garden will pay tribute to steam engines, in honor of the 125th anniversary of the Chicago Horticultural Society (the Society founded and manages the Chicago Botanic Garden). Models of historic steam engines will chug along 1,600 feet of track, representing the early days of the Society, when steam engines ran commuter coaches along Chicago's elevated tracks and hauled freight over long distances.
Q. Dave, you have the greatest job title ever! How did you get this job?
A. I was retired, and my wife saw a little blurb in the newspaper that the Chicago Botanic Garden needed tram drivers. So I became a tram driver. One day, I saw that they had torn things up right in the middle of the Garden. I said, "What the Sam Hill are they doing here?" That's how I found out there was going to be a model railroad out there. Then one of the secretaries, who worked for a vice president, found out that I had been into model railroads all my life. So one day, the vice president of visitor operations at the time called me into her office and asked if I would be interested in managing the railroad. I didn't get a chance to ask her how much I'd have to pay.
Q. But that was back in 2000—and the railroad exhibition was going to be a five-month exhibition.
A. We had more than 100,000 people come through in five months. The little path out there was constantly packed with people. One thing led to another. In our first year, the trains didn't make any sounds—no choo-choos or whistles or anything, so we added sound cars. Gradually, the railroad became so darn popular that it became a permanent exhibition.
Q. So you became interested in trains as a kid?
A. When I was 6 or 7, my dad bought me a Lionel train. That train would go around the Christmas tree and in the bedroom. Now I have a model railroad layout of Solothurn, Switzerland, where my daughter got married; it's in my basement. It has Swiss trains and a ski lift.
Q. It sounds like you were a busy kid.
A. My family had 2.5 acres that we farmed in World War II for vegetables. I sold vegetables in the neighborhood in my little wagon. Then I was in the Boy Scouts and became an Eagle Scout in 1948….I grew up in Evanston and still live in Evanston, and I have lunch with some sixth-grade classmates once a month.
Q. And you've had some other interesting jobs before you started running the railroad.
A. I received a bachelor's degree in animal science at the University of Illinois. I wanted to raise cattle. In college, I was an intern at a purebred cattle farm. The most fascinating thing I did was to help birth calves. You get to see the little rascals trying to get up and stumble around….Eventually, I was drafted into the U.S. Army engineer corps. Two years later, I was discharged and became a manager at a livestock feed manufacturing company. Then my dad bought a photography studio in 1961, and I became a photographer.
Q. What keeps you motivated after all these years?
A. My passion for the railroad is what drives me—I absolutely love this railroad. The same passion goes for everyone. We have 18 engineers and 75 to 80 volunteers. They get along so darn well that I can't believe it. You cannot keep these people away; they are just so dedicated. They whole thing has kept me young. I get up and down on my hands and knees all the time. I should write to the AARP—if you want to hear about a good job to have, we at the Garden have it.
Q. What do you do in your spare time?
A. I do some gardening, and some fishing and boating. My wife and I have three daughters and three grandkids. My wife is spectacular, one of the greatest people I've ever met.
©2015 Chicago Botanic Garden and my.chicagobotanic.org


text:
White led the way upstairs to the master bedroom, where a man in a Music City Masonry T-shirt was setting dropcloths around the fireplace. "Whoever lived here before built this ridiculous tan bedroom," White said, spitting out the word "tan." He was redoing it in green and black — what he termed "rustic art deco." He was also installing microphones under the eaves outside his window. Thanks to some quirk of acoustics, he said, "I can't hear the rain." He wanted to pipe in the noise to speakers in his bedroom and listen to the rain while he fell asleep.2. Oops:
Last April, U.S. Forest Service crews planted nearly a million pine and fir trees across thousands of acres scorched clean by the devastating 2009 blaze. Most of them shriveled up and died within months, as skeptics had predicted.Via.
Much of the funding for last year's reforestation came from the South Coast Air Quality Management District. The district provided $1.5 million from money Chevron gave the district to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions resulting from expansion of its El Segundo refinery. About $900,000 of the total was spent on last year's plantings.
3. Sock monkey paper doll.
4. Homemade version of Ash's mechanical hand from Army of Darkness. Via.
5. Last chance for this week's two giveways.


text:
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Our doctors and staff care about you and your dental needs. We work as a team to provide affordable dental services; both professionally and efficiently. We are highly skilled and trained in general and cosmetic dentistry, and dentures.
We are proudly serving the Preventive Dentistry needs of residents of Handforth.
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I finally grabbed the letter-size envelope that had been sitting in my mail slot for a week. They're usually solicitations to sign up for something, and I usually deposit them in the trash without opening them. (Although you'll have to remind me to tell you about the letters from prison inmates we receive once in a while. There are a surprising number of men in the U.S. penal system interested in a career in cosmetics.) But for some reason—I think, maybe, the lack of clues on the envelope was intriguing—I opened this lonely letter when I got back to my desk. It was a discounted offer for a genome service promising me a way to understand my DNA.
First of all, mail-order DNA assessment? Pffft (that's as close as I can come to writing my dismissive scoffing sound). Second, I'm not sure I want to open that can of worms—there's already enough about myself on a much less microscopic level to be sussed out. But I wonder, am I being sensible about this, aside from the mail order part, or am I simply unable to believe or accept that this, including its ramifications and outcomes, exists as viable science? In a sense, I think we as consumers, and in general, have a line that we've drawn with science. I can't define it, and it may move depending on the application, but once we sense it's been crossed, our suspicions and doubt grow exponentially—even when the science is solid and proven. And the beauty industry, even as it pushes and embraces science, often has its own reservations—probably targeted squarely on the implications of the science.
In the October 2013 issue of GCI sister publication Cosmetics & Toiletries, editor Rachel Grabenhofer refers to Maison G. deNavarre's discussion in the January 1973 edition of Cosmetics & Toiletries (at that time, Cosmetics and Perfumery) about "bioactive" or "chemical" cosmetics. Here, deNavarre reviewed a 1972 report by E. Elmy of Dragoco, writing "[he] uses such euphemisms as: eudermic, cutaneous bioactivators, dermatophilic, ... bioactive, microergic, trophic factors, phytocytes [and] epidermic phenomenology... Well! Indeed, the use of [these phrases] on the labeling of cosmetics would quite probably bring down the FDA for [want of] explanations."
"It's amazing how, at that time, these concepts seemed 'ephemeral,' as deNavarre put it, but in fact they predicted the future—take plant stem cells, for example," writes Grabenhofer. "Thus, while Elmy was 'poeticizing,' as deNavarre wrote, these fantasies became realities some 40 years later."
My points in all this? First, there are constants in this world, and there are things that constantly change. Consumer interest in mitigating the signs of aging is a constant; technology constantly evolves.
deNavarre was among the pioneering minds in cosmetic science, but in his statements there seems to be both a reluctance for and warning against pushing science too far—or at least chiding that the industry must not say where and how it's applying science too loudly—and I think the same dichotomy still exists. The science, technologies and ingredients (and the minds behind them) are incredible and are doing amazing things in cosmetics. And although I've seen and heard the great pride behind these innovations, I've also heard admonition about crossing the line into where cosmetics become drugs, i.e., will be subjected to more regulatory scrutiny and dictates.
So my second point: we've got to face this as a likely reality. Whether it's my personal apprehension or disbelief of the science available and applicable to me or the industry's reluctance to cross a line that changes paradigms and brings with it all new implications to what cosmetics are, the science is there.


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Singer Solidstar who is promoting his album WEED has compared Nigeria's music industry to that of Donald Trump history win in the United States.
The singer blame media houses for being partial, called out MTV EMA which withdrew an award belonging to Wizkid while also praising himself for being a relevant musician since the release of his debut single "One in a Million" featuring 2face.
He took to Instagram to rant about the state of things in the Nigerian Music industry saying a lot of artistes are jealous of each other and don't support real talent.
Read what he wrote below…
Donald Trump won the US election against all odds, and we were all blinded by the lies, propaganda and hype of the media. The media even blinded themselves bringing out polls and predictions that The probability of Trump winning against Hillary with all his scandals was 30:70. But at the end he won and shamed everybody.
This is the same issues we have in our entertainment industry in Africa, the media have succeeded in blinding the fans from what is real, pure and good, from what real talent and good music is about. They hype their family and friends and ignore the ones that don't text them good morning everyday and form fake friendship with them. I am not about the life of faking or acting a friend in your face and do otherwise behind your back that is why I have little or no friends in the industry cos even the artists are jealous of each other and they don't support real talents because they don't want to be exposed.
This is not directed to anybody or media house. It is a general issue that we all have to look into. Imagine an AWARD ceremony that calls itself credible, giving one artist an award and even made him make a video which was broadcasted on the screen at the award thanking them and later withdrawing the award to give to someone else. This shows the irregularities, partiality and mediocrity in the whole system.
An award organizers recently released a list and even though I was nominated I wasn't satisfied because the main category that would have meant a bit to me was missing on my nomination which is best raggae/dance hall. I can only pick one song out of the whole bunch that did a bit better than Wait refix ft Patoranking and Tiwa Savage for their year in view. No disrespect to any artist nominated or the organizers but somethings are just so wrong.
A lot of talented artists have been ignored for so long that they even start doubting themselves. Even the Grammys which is also not 100 percent credible have their flaws but try as much as possible to recognize real talent
These African Award organizers bring together some bunch of unqualified music critics and whatnot to set up the nomination list and that's where the problem starts from and it leads to artists fighting on social media over a category. My management sometimes force me to solicit for votes for awards am nominated for because it doesn't impress me at all and I DONT like awards. Most of these guys you have awarded ahead of me, met me in the industry and today they are no where to be found. I've been regular and consistent since the day I dropped my first single One In A Million ft 2face Idibia and I have never gone a year without dropping a popping meaningful song.
At the end of the day the award plaques are just meaningless and useless cos them go burn or rust one day. And the whole ceremony and intentions of the organizers is to make money without regard to the artists that put in their best to their craft.
I have never been the type to speak out about issues like this. Just thought I should just free my mind small.
My name is SOLIDSTAR and I have survived many years without your hype, even though you think my fan base is small, my fans are die hard and real and they will defend my music every day and everywhere whcih means the World to me. I have an album out on all platforms and the street featuring the best names and real talented artists with a few missing. #WEED available everywhere. Smoke on it, drink on it, sleep on it if you like but please support by buying it. God bless you. #SHABA


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2. End Panel |
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The Kermit Project |
612 West 115th Street, New York NY 10025 USA • email@example.com
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Kermit News was the print journal of the Kermit Project from 1986 to 1995; subscriptions were free of charge. After 1995 it became too expensive for us to print and mail Kermit News. Since then, the Kermit website is the source for all Kermit information, news, and updates (you can always check the "What's New" page). The following past Kermit issues are archived on the Kermit FTP and Web sites:
Issue Date ASCII PostScript HTML No.1 7/1986 Not available Not available Not available newsn1.pdf No.2 11/1987 newsn2.txt newsn2.ps Not available newsn2.pdf No.3 6/1988 newsn3.txt newsn3.ps newsn3.html newsn3.pdf No.4 6/1990 newsn4.txt newsn4.ps newsn4.html newsn4.pdf No.5 7/1993 newsn5.txt newsn5.ps newsn5.html newsn5.pdf No.6 3/1995 newsn6.txt newsn6.ps newsn6.html newsn6.pdf
The first issue was done in PageMaker on a Macintosh. Numbers 2 through 6 were done in the Scribe markup language set to produce both text and PostScript output; numbers 2 and 3 on the DEC-20, numbers 4-6 on Unix. PDF versions were added in October 2010 and March 2011: Numbers 1, 2, and 3 by scanning, Numbers 4-6 by converting the PostScript with ps2pdf.


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This is an archived site. This site is no longer being maintained or reviewed for broken links.
Employee Portrait Gallery—Marga McElroy
Marguerite McElroy is equally at home on the water or in the lab, having grown up on Waquoit Bay, where her sister and parents still run a shellfish business. When other kids took off on their bikes, Marga headed out in a skiff or beetle cat instead. After attending Boston University (where she was also a sailing instructor), Marga rejoined WHOI in 1972 to work with the Shipboard Computer Group (she had been a dishwasher for the Biology Department while in high school). Her next assignments were with the Coastal and Ocean Fluid Dynamics Lab, the Ocean Acoustics Lab, and most recently with the Oceanographic Systems Lab (OSL), all within the Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department. It is with the OSL group that she helped oversee construction at the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory and development and training of its operations team. Her duties ran the gamut from securing necessary local, state, and federal permits to overseeing offshore cable laying and coordinating logistics for user deployments. This broad range of duties mirrors Marga's zest for learning, which is also apparent in her enthusiastic support of Falmouth schools, fostered, she says, by early WHOI scientist Mary Sears, who chaired the Falmouth School Committee for many years. Marga served for several years as chair of the School Building Needs Committee, which planned renovations of four schools, and she is currently vice chair of the Falmouth High School Building Committee, which will oversee a major overhaul of that school beginning this spring. Prior to the inception of the Woods Hole Science and Technology Education Program (WHSTEP), Marga established and ran a "day of science" program for Falmouth Academy, and she currently manages the K–6 portion of the Falmouth Community Science Fair. Whether on a boat, on the dock, in an ocean engineering lab, or in a class or committee room, Marga relishes the opportunity to share her knowledge and skills while eagerly seeking to learn more.


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Western Canada is composed of four provinces, westernmost of the country. Combined, these provinces make up nearly 29 percent of the Canadian territory. These provinces constitute an area of 2.9 million square kilometers. This geographical entity is considered the seventh largest landmass on the planet. There is an estimated 11.2 million people living in these provinces.
Western Canada is an important part of the overall Canadian economy in terms of industry as well as exported goods. In 2014, the gross domestic product (GDP) was calculated as consisting of 38 percent of Canadian industry. The exported goods sector consisted of 42 percent.
The Provinces and Major Cities
The four provinces that make up Western Canada are British Columbia, Manitoba, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. British Columbia is home to over 4.5 million citizens. Its capital is the city of Victoria, although Vancouver houses the majority of the population with almost 2.5 million residents. Manitoba has over 1.2 million people, with Winnipeg as its major city. Alberta has a population of over 4.1 million people. Edmonton is its capital, although Calgary is a similarly important location, and home to a larger population. Saskatchewan has a little over 1.1 million residents and calls the city of Regina its capital.
These provinces and their cities fall under the jurisdiction of the Western Economic Diversification Canada agency. It is more simply referred to as WD. The organization deals with the economic development of the western portion of the country by investing in a variety of fiscal ventures.
Natural Resources and Major Industries
The two main type of natural resources among the Western Canadian provinces are energy and agriculture. British Columbia is best known for its coniferous forests as well as its natural gas and coal sources. The region also has isolated base metal deposits. The British Columbian rivers, in particular the Peace and Columbia, have been utilized for hydroelectricity. Viable agricultural land is restricted to the southwest portion and the valley areas of the interior. British Columbia does have a thriving fish industry due to the fish populations found in major rivers such as Fraser and Skeena.
Alberta is known for its fossil fuels and agricultural prospects. The province has been abundantly useful in producing coal, oil, and gas. Alberta is most known for its low-viscosity oil, which is readily available. The substantial use of this type of oil has led to reduced production. This has caused the industry to turn its attention towards the production of heavy oil. The extraction of this natural oil and bitumen, however, is not as easy as its counterpart and also requires considerable technology and funding. The workable land is present in the south of the province.
Saskatchewan is known as the largest agricultural prospect in Canada. It is currently the primary wheat source in the country and is also a considerable contributor for other crops and grains. In addition, the province produces a large quantity of potash, petroleum, and coal. It is also the second major resource for Uranium in Canada.
Manitoba has a variety of resources at its disposal. These include mineral production, hydroelectric power, and agriculture. Nickel is the most widely sourced mineral with copper, precious metals, lead, and zinc also heavily mined. The Nelson River is the major source of hydroelectric power in the province, with other rivers such as the Churchill also holding much promise. It also has a considerable fish population as well as forest resources.
Mining Companies
Mining is one of the largest sectors in Western Canada. An abundance of natural resources supporting the industry means that some of the largest mining companies in the country are immersed in these four provinces. The top mining organization Agrium Inc., sources potash from Saskatchewan. PotashCorp, Inc., the six highest performing company in Canada, also mines potash from the province.
Suncor Energy, the third highest grosser, mines bitumen from Alberta. The company is the largest producer of the natural resource. Walter Energy is invested in coal mining in British Columbia. Vancouver is also home to Goldcorp Inc., and First Quantum Minerals, Ltd. These companies are both invested in mining minerals. Hudbay Minerals Inc., has been involved in mineral mining from Manitoba for over eighty years.
The economy of Western Canada has certainly impacted the rest of the country. Nonetheless, the markets of these four provinces can still be quite unstable. This is largely due to the reliance on natural resources. The total fiscal wellbeing of Western Canada is dependent on the performance of the natural resources industry.
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text: Hi Amjad amjad ali wrote: > Hi Gus, > your nice reply; as usual. > > I ran my code on single socket xeon node having two cores; It ran linear > 97+% efficient. > > Then I ran my code on single socket xeon node having four cores ( Xeon > 3220 -which really not a good quad core) I got the efficiency of around 85%. > > But on four single socket nodes I ran 4 processes (1 process on each > node); I got the efficiency of around 62%. > This is about the same number I've got for an atmospheric model in a dual-socket dual-core Xeon computer. Somehow the memory path/bus on these systems is not very efficient, and saturates when more than two processes do intensive work concurrently. A similar computer configuration with dual- dual- AMD Opterons performed significantly better on the same atmospheric code (efficiency close to 90%). I was told that some people used to run two processes only on dual-socket dual-core Xeon nodes , leaving the other two cores idle. Although it is an apparent waste, the argument was that it paid off in terms of overall efficiency. Have you tried to run your programs this way on your cluster? Say, with one process only per node, and N nodes, then with two processes per node, and N/2 nodes, then with four processes per node, and N/4 nodes. This may tell what is optimal for the hardware you have. With OpenMPI you can use the "mpiexec" flags "-bynode" and "-byslot" to control this behavior. "man mpiexec" is your friend! :) > Yes, CFD codes are memory bandwidth bound usually. > Indeed, and so is most of our atmosphere/ocean/climate codes, which has a lot of CFD, but also radiative processes, mixing, thermodynamics, etc. However, most of our models use fixed grids, and I suppose some of your aerodynamics may use adaptive meshes, right? I guess you are doing aerodynamics, right? > Thank you very much. > My pleasure. I hope this helps, Gus Correa --------------------------------------------------------------------- Gustavo Correa Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory - Columbia University Palisades, NY, 10964-8000 - USA --------------------------------------------------------------------- > > > > > run with 2core > On Wed, Dec 9, 2009 at 9:11 PM, Gus Correa <gus at ldeo.columbia.edu > <mailto:gus at ldeo.columbia.edu>> wrote: > > Hi Amjad > > There is relatively inexpensive Infiniband SDR: > http://www.colfaxdirect.com/store/pc/showsearchresults.asp?customfield=5&SearchValues=65 > <http://www.colfaxdirect.com/store/pc/showsearchresults.asp?customfield=5&SearchValues=65> > http://www.colfaxdirect.com/store/pc/viewPrd.asp?idproduct=12 > http://www.colfaxdirect.com/store/pc/viewCategories.asp?SFID=12&SFNAME=Brand&SFVID=50&SFVALUE=Mellanox&SFCount=0&page=0&pageStyle=m&idcategory=2&VS12=0&VS9=0&VS10=0&VS4=0&VS3=0&VS11=0 > <http://www.colfaxdirect.com/store/pc/viewCategories.asp?SFID=12&SFNAME=Brand&SFVID=50&SFVALUE=Mellanox&SFCount=0&page=0&pageStyle=m&idcategory=2&VS12=0&VS9=0&VS10=0&VS4=0&VS3=0&VS11=0> > Not the latest greatest, but faster than Gigabit Ethernet. > A better Gigabit Ethernet switch may help also, > but I wonder if the impact will be as big as expected. > > However, are you sure the scalability problems you see are > due to poor network connection? > Could it be perhaps related to the code itself, > or maybe to the processors' memory bandwidth? > > You could test if it is network running the program inside a node > (say on 4 cores) and across 4 nodes with > one core in use on each node, or other combinations > (2 cores on 2 nodes). > > You could have an indication of the processors' scalability > by timing program runs inside a single node using 1,2,3,4 cores. > > My experience with dual socket dual core Xeons vs. > dual socket dual core Opterons, > with the type of code we run here (ocean,atmosphere,climate models, > which are not totally far from your CFD) is that Opterons > scale close to linear, but Xeons get nearly stuck in terms of scaling > when there are more than 2 processes (3 or 4) running in a single node. > > My two cents. > Gus Correa > --------------------------------------------------------------------- > Gustavo Correa > Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory - Columbia University > Palisades, NY, 10964-8000 - USA > --------------------------------------------------------------------- > > > amjad ali wrote: > > Hi all, > > I have, with my group, a small cluster of about 16 nodes (each > one with single socket Xeon 3085 or 3110; And I face problem of > poor scalability. Its network is quite ordinary GiGE (perhaps > DLink DGS-1024D 24-Port 10/100/1000), store and forward switch, > of price about $250 only. > ftp://ftp10.dlink.com/pdfs/products/DGS-1024D/DGS-1024D_ds.pdf > > How should I work on that for better scalability? > > What could be better affordable options of fast switches? > (Myrinet, Infiniband are quite costly). > > When buying a switch what should we see in it? What latency? > > > Thank you very much. > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > _______________________________________________ > Beowulf mailing list, Beowulf at beowulf.org > <mailto:Beowulf at beowulf.org> sponsored by Penguin Computing > To change your subscription (digest mode or unsubscribe) visit > http://www.beowulf.org/mailman/listinfo/beowulf > > > _______________________________________________ > Beowulf mailing list, Beowulf at beowulf.org > <mailto:Beowulf at beowulf.org> sponsored by Penguin Computing > To change your subscription (digest mode or unsubscribe) visit > http://www.beowulf.org/mailman/listinfo/beowulf > >