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Most questions and answers can be found on our Assessment Page. If you have any additional inquiries - please contact the Engineering Department at 952-895-4495, or send an email to: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Show All Answers
The following table is a side-by-side comparison of reconstruction, reclamation and rehabilitation:
The City identifies streets to be improved in the Five Year Capital Improvement Plan (CIP). This plan is reviewed annually in order to prioritize the identified streets based on a variety of factors including: street condition, age, condition of utilities and the type of street.
Property owners will receive formal notification via US Mail for the following:
The City will also post updates about design, neighborhood meetings, and construction progress on the City's website, where there is also an option to sign up for e-mail or text message updates related to each project. During construction, the City's contractor will distribute door flyers to communicate construction impacts such as parking restrictions and water service interruptions during the project.
The City strives to protect trees to the greatest extent possible on all street projects; however, the following trees may require trimming or outright removal:
Design staff will identify potentially problematic trees, and will work with the City Forester to determine if trimming or removal may be necessary. The City Forester will also be available to meet with residents and answer specific questions about potential tree impacts during the Neighborhood Meeting process.
Garbage service will be maintained throughout the duration of the project. The Contractor will provide access to garbage haulers to make garbage pickups.
In an effort to minimize damages, prior to the start of construction, property owners are encouraged to transplant any flowers or plants they wish to save for replanting following construction, and to mark any of the following buried items with flags, stakes, or other markers:
The City of Burnsville pays for street and utility improvements using the following funding mechanisms:
The City of Burnsville strives for lower costs and greater flexibility with construction projects and schedules; therefore, the City tries to have projects bid during the late winter and early spring, with our goal being to have construction work substantially completed by mid- fall.
The City of Burnsville and its contractor does not provide quotes to replace driveways as part of its street construction projects. Property owners may use their own contractor to replace their driveway. If this is the option chosen, property owners can sign a waiver whereby the City will not reinstall concrete aprons or asphalt patches that are disturbed as part of street work, and the property owner agrees to restore the driveway within a specified time period. Once construction begins, residents are encouraged to contact their construction inspector to discuss options; however, property owners are encouraged to wait until the street is paved to have this work performed.
For information about easements, call the Engineering Department at 952-895-4463 or send an email to: firstname.lastname@example.com.


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- Energy Recovery Home
- Basic Information
- Waste Management Hierarchy
- Related Regulations
- Frequent Questions
- Additional Information
International Energy Recovery Activities
- European Union Landfill Directive of 1999
- European Union Incineration of Waste (WID) Directive of 2000
- European Union Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Electricity Directive of 2001
- International Activities Resources
The incineration of waste for energy recovery is an essential part of the waste management strategies of many countries. There are more than 600 MSW combustion facilities throughout the world that combust about 130 million tons of MSW each year1. MSW combustion is more prevalent in countries such as Japan, Sweden, Denmark, France and Switzerland, where landfill space is limited.
The European Union Landfill Directive of 1999
In an effort to shift away from landfilling of wastes, recognizing the value in materials that go to landfills, the European Union (EU) passed the Landfill Directive in 1999 . This Directive was instituted to set stringent technical and operational requirements for waste, preventing or reducing negative environmental effects from landfilling of waste during the life cycle of a landfill. The Directive mandates that:
- Landfills only accept treated waste;
- Landfills possess at least the minimum requirements for lining and capping of landfills;
- Landfills will ban certain materials such as:
- Liquids
- Explosives
- Infectious clinical wastes
- Tires
- Biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills must be reduced to these targets:
- By 2010 to 75% of that produced in 1995
- By 2013 to 50% of that produced in 1995
- By 2020 to 35% of that produced in 1995
The following graph shows the diversion of waste from landfills in the EU (2006 data).
Examples of what countries have done to meet this directive:
- The following countries have instituted landfill bans:
- 1997 Denmark
- 2000 Switzerland
- 2000 Austria
- 2002 Sweden
- 2005 Germany
- The UK established the Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme (LATS) in April of 2005. LATS is trading scheme that allows landfills in England to buy extra allowances granting them the ability to dispose of extra biodegradable municipal waste if the targets of the EU Landfill Directive of 1999 are not met. The scheme functions as a cap and trade system for biodegradable municipal waste in England.
- Institution of a landfill tax in the Netherlands.
The most successful members of the EU that have significantly reduced dependence on landfilling have done this by combining recycling, biological treatment (e.g. composting and anaerobic digestion), and combustion with energy recovery. The most recent MSW combustion plants constructed in Europe are located within urban centers in order to minimize the transport distance of wastes, and to also utilize the low pressure steam exhaust of the turbine generators to heat water for district heating.
Despite this Landfill Directive, (19 pp, 115K, about PDF) 44 percent of MSW is still landfilled in Europe2.
European Union Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Electricity Directive of 2001
In 2001, the EU passed the Renewable Energy Sources Electricity Directive (PDF) (28 pp, 147K, about PDF) , requiring member states to incorporate a certain percentage of renewable sources for energy production. The key targets under the directive are:
- 20% of Europes energy to come from renewable sources;
- 20% cut of carbon emissions by 2020;
- 10% of transport energy to come from renewable sources by 2020.
International Recovery Resources
The Waste-to-Energy Research and Technology Council has information on the location of energy recovery facilities worldwide.
MSW Combustion Facilities in Europe
For more information on MSW combustion facilities in Europe and a detailed map please visit the Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants website. It is important to note, however, that not all EU WTE facilities are members of CEWEP.

subset: commoncrawl


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GJBMS operates with the list of ethical standards below. Authors are to adhere strictly to them.
Data fabrication/falsification
This has to do with research data manipulation with the aim of giving a false notion. This includes images manipulation (to make image elements vague, delete image elements or add new image elements), altering results to suit convenience, to change of data figure, adding or removing from data figures, and more.
Plagiarism refers to a situation where someone duplicates/delivers part or the complete work (data, figures, text, or theories) of another person as if it were his/her own without proper acknowledgment and reference to the true owner. Further information has been provided by the Office of Research Integrity on plagiarism.
According to the Office of Research Integrity, a person claiming authorship of a scholarly publication must have met the following criteria:
a. Substantial participation in conception and design of the study, or in analysis and interpretation of data;
b. Substantial participation in the drafting of the manuscript or in the substantive editing of the manuscript;
c. Final approval of the version of the manuscript to be published;
d. Ability to explain and defend the study in public or scholarly settings.
Duplicate Submission
This is the submission of the same manuscript to more than one journal at the same time or publishing the same study in more than one journal. Authors should be careful not submit the same manuscript, in the same or different languages, to more than one journal at the same time.
Duplicate Publication
"Authors who submit a manuscript for publication containing data, reviews, conclusions, etc., that have already been disseminated in some significant manner (e.g., published as an article in another journal, presented at a conference, posted on the internet) must clearly indicate to the editors and readers the nature of the previous dissemination" – Office of Research Integrity.
Authors can use only citations that are relevant to the study. It is unethical to cite irrelevant works of others or employ irrelevant self-citation.
Copyright Infringement
"Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works" - Wikipedia.
Non-compliance with regulatory standards affecting research
This includes the violations of related local/international regulations and law governing the use of funds, animals subjects, human subjects, untested drugs, new devices, radioactive, biological and chemical materials.
The content of this page is subject to review and may be updated when necessary.
Call for Papers/Books/Thesis
Call for Scholarly Articles
Authors from around the world are invited to send scholary articles that suits the scope of this journal. The journal is currently open to submissions and will process and publish articles daily immediately they are they ready.
The journal is centered on quality and goes about its processes in a very timely fashion. Seasoned editors/reviewers will be consulted to review each article(s), profer quality evaluations and polish the articles with expertise before publication.
Simply send your article(s) as an e-mail attachment to firstname.lastname@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Call for Books
You are also invited to submit your books for online or print publication. We publish books related to all academic subject areas. Submit as an e-mail attachment to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Nashua Class B Biosolids are produced using a unique anaerobic digestion process. This process is the action of digesting biosolids in the absence of oxygen using a residence time of 20 days at a temperature of 35⁰-55⁰C. The resulting material has little to no odor, meets state and federal requi rement s for farm fertilization, and is an excellent source of slow release nutrients.
Nashua Class B Biosolids serves to improve soil nutrient and organic matter levels and is ideal for use on hay and corn. Actual application rate should be based on soil analyses and crop to be grown.


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Although only in its third year, Indietracks has already built up a reputation as the UK's best festival of its size. Set in the Derbyshire countryside on the site of the historic Midland Railway, it really is as far away from the commercial hustle and bustle of Glastonbury et al as you could possibly imagine.
Where else can you sit on a steam train while a Manhattan Love Suicide plays half an hour's worth of break up songs? Or listen to Ballboy songs in a church? Or engage in a spot of sewing with former members of Talulah Gosh? We haven't even mentioned the fine selection of real ales at affordable prices or ridiculously cheap merchandise, where the average CD costs around £2 and t-shirts sell at a fiver apiece.
Last weekend, DiS sent two scribes to sample the fun and even the continuous showers from noon til night on Sunday couldn't dampen the spirits…
Dom Gourlay
Having been tasked with the unenviable role of opening the indoor stage amidst the glorious sunshine over yonder, Leeds quartet Downdime could be forgiven for being despondent. Two songs in however, they've swelled the engine shed to almost bursting point, their luscious boy-girl harmonies between Jeff Tweedy lookalike singer Ged McGurn and keyboard player cum chanteuse Liz Hensor gives us goosebumps. Imagine a mid-air collision between Dinosaur Jr and The Lightning Seeds and you're in the right vicinity. We're hooked, and their debut long player Knowing Too Much becomes our first bargain purchase of the day from the merch stand.
Fitness Forever
Italian lounge pop really shouldn't work no matter what the context, yet this multi-dimensional ensemble somehow conspire to push all the right buttons simultaneously. Maybe it's a combination of the mid-afternoon sun, luridly camp uniforms and ridiculously beautiful females fronting the group. Whatever the concoction, their sixties flavoured kitsch serves as more than the mere background music it would probably pass for on record, so much so in fact that we trawl down to the front, pint of the aptly named Recession Ale in hand, smiling deliriously.
Mighty Mighty
As one of the formative outfits of the C86 movement, Birmingham's Mighty Mighty proved to be one of the day's most anticipated arrivals. Perhaps just as renowned for the line in The Pooh Sticks seminal 'On Tape' 45 that simply states "I've been living with Mighty Mighty/I think they all really like me", their Smiths inspired pop is a revelation, even though the band themselves resemble five dads at a wedding, such is that nauseating predicament known as middle age. Old favourites 'Law Against It' and 'Built Like A Car' sound as vibrant and incendiary as they did twenty-five years ago, while early single 'Is There Anyone Out There?' is introduced as being "A song we wrote when Michael Jackson was still black". The cards…
The Specific Heats
Indietracks is possibly the only festival bar ATP where every other act is something of a new discovery, and this year was no exception. Brooklyn four-piece The Specific Heats stood out like a sore thumb on the Saturday, their energetic surf-tinged, feedback laced pop going down a storm on the church stage. Emerging from the same backyard as kindred spirits Crystal Stilts, Cause Co-Motion and Vivian Girls, The Specific Heats might just be the most exciting combo of the lot, the delirious Eric Rohmer inspired scrawl of 'Beach 86' causing something of a mini-riot in the aisles and between the pews.
Adam John Miller
Saddened by the news that DiS faves The Manhattan Love Suicides were no more as of three days ago, we hop aboard the steam train anyway to catch a glimpse of former bass player Adam John Miller's first ever solo set, and we're not disappointed. While still understandably disconsolate at the untimely demise of his previous band – almost every song here is introduced as being "about break-ups" – Miller displays a fragility that suggests his other projects The Wednesday Club and Medusa Snare will undoubtedly continue in a similar vein to his old sparring partners. He leaves us with a heartwarming rendition of the Manhattan Love Suicides 'Skulls', and with it decrees the end of an era, although we're equally as excited about the dawning of his new one.
The Marshmallow Kisses
Hong Kong's The Marshmallow Kisses could be described as something of an indie supergroup, as their onstage line-up boasts members of Whiteoak, Hong Kong In The 60s and One Happy Island among its ranks. What follows is half an hour of flawless J-pop with a twee edge interspersed with poetry recitals and semi-classical, bossa nova style interludes. To say they're possibly the most original bunch of performers we witness all weekend is nothing short of being an understatement. One glance over our collective shoulders at the packed church (not to mention those queuing outside in the rain) suggests we're not alone in our thoughts either. A minor revelation of sorts.
Bristol four-piece Countryside really look and sound as if they've taken a wrong turn somewhere off the A38 and ended up here for some unknown reason. Their demeanour of trucker caps, big shorts and even bigger riffs leaves several punters bewildered, yet those of us who stay throughout their Mew-inspired set are also transfixed by the huge sound emanating from the altar. Occasionally they fall into prog-territory in a similar vein to bands like Kyte, but the deceptive charms of 'Summer Is Here' and vast soundscape that is 'Estuary' should ensure Countryside a wider audience in the not-too-distant future. Just not necessarily here or now.
Camera Obscura
While there's no denying their undoubted quality on record, Camera Obscura can be a largely inconsistent beast in the flesh. Take last year's Summer Sundae slot for example, where their seemingly disinterested performance bore all the hallmarks of a band in wind down before they split mode. Fast forward twelve months however and there's an air of re-vitalisation all around, maybe sparked by this year's My Maudlin Career opus, arguably their greatest collection of songs thus far. Tracyanne Campbell is on fine form, showing a more charismatic side to her make-up alongside the undoubted vocal stature she possesses that turn the likes of 'French Navy', 'If Looks Could Kill' and 'James' into distinctive highlights and dare I say it, bonafide weekend anthems.
BMX Bandits
As one of the dominant forces in the Bellshill post-Postcard scene of the mid-eighties, Duglas T Stewart is both a hero and villain in many eyes. Responsible for launching the careers of people like Norman Blake, not to mention early touring buddies of a then unknown bunch of Mancunians called Oasis, Stewart and the Bandits place in rock'n'roll history is assured, even if his bank balance might tell a different story. Nevertheless, their set today is pure cabaret, Stewart even taking a backseat to eat an apple while co-singer Rachel Allison delivers the likes of 'The Day Before Tomorrow' and a rousing rendition of 'E102' to a rain-sodden, but exceedingly happy throng.
Teenage Fanclub
As the festival's final headliners, Teenage Fanclub have a lot to live up to, particularly following such a dazzling array of inspired performances across all three stages this weekend. Add to that the persistent downpour and you can almost feel the Gods conspiring against them. It takes precisely ten minutes and just three songs to turn the Midland Railway outdoor stage into an indie disco circa 1991, a storming 'Star Sign' bringing several hundred people to life in all-singing, all-dancing show of appreciation. Inbetween "the hits", we get the occasional new song, one in particular inspired by Rush mainman Geddy Lee, while their run through of The Bevis Frond's 'He'd Be A Diamond' is simply stunning, not least for the unimpeachable three-way harmonies of messrs Blake, Love and McGinley. When they launch into big hit 'Sparky's Dream' followed instantly by debut single 'Everything Flows', a sheen of perfection engulfs the whole field. Indietracks (or indeed anywhere else you care to pitch up this summer) really doesn't get any better than this. As finales go, their set is nothing short of astounding.
Luke Slater
Au Revoir Simone
On record, Au Revoir Simone are dreamy, enchanting and mesmerising with all those layered synth and three-part harmonies. In person, they're just a little bit sinister – looking almost like some type of girly cult or anthropomorphic invaders, they stand shoulder to shoulder to shoulder, gangly limbs dangling onto keyboards. As the sun sets into the Derbyshire fields with knackered train carriages in the background, everything just seems right. OK, these girls may not have the most varied of sets, you know by now how it goes (swirly, dancey, a little too pleasant perhaps), and there is certainly nothing revelatory here but a kind of slow burning euphoria begins to take over (although that may have just been the 5.2% ale). A "well done" must also go to the soundmen (and possibly women) for the best outdoor sound I've ever encountered.
Ridiculously twee J-Pop on a Saturday morning (OK, early afternoon) is not something a man like me should be enjoying, or rather seen to be enjoying. If an English or American band had been this cute they'd be crucified, but there's something in the Japanese culture which leaves them oblivious to this sort of thing and, I'd say, they're all the better for it. The lead singer gets roundly applauded for her attempts at gratitude in English (and rightly so...) and as the tinkling keyboards, flashing red, blue and green lights combine with the typical Japanese female vocals and shuffling beats, everyone seems happy enough that Sucrette were here. Maybe some even bought their record.
Cats On Fire
The most disappointing thing I can say, unfortunately, is that I left after three songs to go and watch Camera Obscura. This was, in the words of Natalie Imbruglia, a big mistake. Though the indiepop scene is littered – or maybe liberally sprinkled – with Swedish bands, Cats On Fire are from Finland, and though they are probably only about seven Finnish bands who do not play some form of metal, Cats On Fire must surely be the best. Matthias Bjorkas – who resembles a young Bowie – stands dead straight like he has a chronic back problem, the only way to alleviate the pain being to pogo profusely and deliver his low and lamenting lines like his life depended on it. As you can see from the below video, it was more than enjoyed.
The School
The School, aptly named because there's enough members for a class, are pretty hungover (Perhaps so was I on second reading as it turns out there is only seven of them, yet it seemed like 25 at the time). They tell us as much from the off. Nothing wrong with having a good time the night before at all, though thankfully it only really affected their stage banter rather than their stage presence as they do enough to at least light up (if not part) the greying clouds into blue sky as a musical and meteorological Moses with their floaty, shimmering and often clip-clapping tunes.
Nick Garrie
Northern Portrait have a song called 'I Give You Two Seconds To Entertain Me'. I lasted little longer before traipsing to lie on a bank and listen to the wonderful Nick Garrie, a little odd but definitely delightful entry to the bill of an indiepop festival. He plays the sort of traditional well-set English folk with acoustic guitar and a little help from his friends. He also sounds like Ian Ball from Gomez but actually being 60, rather than trying to sound like someone who is, he gets away with it. As enjoyable as he is today, I'd have loved to have seen him 40 years ago with that 52 piece orchestra with which he recorded The Nightmare of J.B Stanislas. This'll do nicely, mind.
Gutted to have missed the first few songs of Luke Rowell, aka Disasteradio's set. Everything he does brings a smile, from his geeky affectations and pressing of the keyboard, to the gazing at the roof of the shed on and off in an overly dramatic fashion as he quickly jerks his head back. The music he's responsible for would be best described as mid 80s arcade game spaceship battle music at hyper speed. An old couple (mid 70s at least) bop along whilst everyone else seems to be having an all round good time sampling the electronic offerings. And why not – aside from Art Brut, this is probably the most flat-out fun set all weekend.
Art Brut
Having been one of those people who didn't 'get' Art Brut, this band were a revelation. Even at an indiepop festival, there's only so much jingle jangle and two-part harmonies anyone can take. Art Brut, I thought, would be a nice change from this. A good fun Sunday night band. Though a few people had undoubtedly gathered to avoid being soaked from head to toe, the shed (well, a brick building, a railway shed rather than a garden one...) was packed, not filled. Too many highlights to detail them all but Argos's protestations about twee ("don't share your sweets"), a reworked version of 'Modern Art' cataloguing his visit to the DC Comics HQ which included strolling into the audience for a 3 minute monologue (OK, it's all a monologue really...but) and the encore of 'We Formed A Band' (on bass, Art Brut, on guitar, Art Brut, on drums, Art Brut!) all rank pretty highly. It is now that this band make complete sense, once the sand that was kicked up from the ground had cleared and been rubbed out of my eyes, I wanted to be Eddie Argos's best mate. We all did, I think. I still do. If you're reading this Eddie, fancy a pint? ART BRUT! TOP OF THE POPS!


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Press Release
Sydney, 09 April 2015
A consortium comprised of private equity funds managed by Brookfield Asset Management Inc. (Brookfield) and of Macquarie Capital, a division of Macquarie Group Limited today announced an agreement to acquire Apache Corporation's Western Australian oil and gas assets for US$2.1 billion. This acquisition will form the foundations of a new intermediate oil and gas producer established by the Brookfield and Macquarie Capital Consortium.
The assets being acquired by the Brookfield and Macquarie Capital Consortium through the transaction include:
Brookfield and Macquarie Capital will jointly manage and each initially hold a 50 per cent investment in the new vehicle. The business will continue to have a strong focus on developing and supporting the growth of the Western Australian domestic gas market and consistent with this, a long term gas supply agreement for the initial supply of 120 terajoules per day of natural gas, commencing in 2020 has been entered into with Alcoa of Australia. This long term contract with Alcoa will underpin the Brookfield and Macquarie Capital Consortium's commitment of future capital to the business's gas assets.
The transaction is subject to necessary government and regulatory approvals.
Kate Vidgen, Executive Director, Macquarie Capital said "We recognise and place a high value on the partnerships that have been developed over many years with customers, the Western Australian Government and the community. A key focus of the business going forward will be to continue to develop these long term partnerships with high levels of alignment, such as has been achieved with Alcoa of Australia".
Len Chersky, Head of Private Equity for Brookfield in Australia said "The Consortium of Brookfield and Macquarie Capital has worked cohesively to bring together this exciting transaction. This portfolio provides strong underlying cashflows via its contracted domestic gas portfolio, production flexibility and a great platform for growth, organically and through market consolidation, led by the strong local management team."
Apache Australia Managing Director and CEO of the new entity, Mr Brett Darley said he was excited to lead the transformation of Apache's Australian assets and interests. "With a record of exploration and production excellence spanning more than two decades in Australia, our people are well placed for this important new chapter as a significant Australian oil and domestic gas company" he said.
About Brookfield
Brookfield Asset Management Inc. is a global alternative asset manager with over $200 billion in assets under management. The company has over a 100 year history of owning and operating assets with a focus on property, renewable energy, infrastructure and private equity. Brookfield Asset Management officers a range of public investment products and services, and is co-listed on the New York Stock Exchange, Toronto Stock Exchange and Euronext under the symbol BAM, BAM.A and BAMA, respectively.
Brookfield's 35 year history of successful private equity investing in the energy industry has involved ownership of operating companies such as Canadian Hunter, Norcen, North Canadian Oils and Superior Propane. Brookfield is currently investing in the energy industry through its Renewable Power, Infrastructure and Private Equity portfolios. A selection of current investments include Ember Resources Inc. (the largest coal-bed methane producer in Canada at 300 million cubic feet of natural gas equivalent per day), North American natural gas storage and district energy platforms, and the largest individual shareholder position in Natural Gas Pipelines of America. Brookfield's commitment to operating high quality assets in Australia includes Brookfield Multiplex, Brookfield Rail and the Dalrymple Bay Coal Terminal. Brookfield manages approximately US$4.0 billion of energy assets in the United States and Canada.
Forward-looking statements: This press release may contain forward-looking information or forward-looking statements (collectively referred to as "forward-looking statements"), including statements that use forward-looking terminology such as "may", "will", "expect", "anticipate", "believe", "continue", "potential", or the negative thereof or other variations thereof or comparable terminology. Such forward-looking statements may include, without limitation, statements that are not historical facts. While such forward-looking statements are expressed by Macquarie Capital Group Limited and Brookfield Asset Management Inc., as stated in this release, in good faith and believed by Macquarie Capital Group Limited and Brookfield Asset Management Inc. to have a reasonable basis, they are subject to important risks and uncertainties including, without limitation, changes in applicable laws or regulations, which could cause actual results to differ materially from future results expressed, projected or implied by the forward-looking statements. As a result of these risks and uncertainties, the results or events predicted in these forward-looking statements may differ materially from actual results or events. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, given that they involve risks and uncertainties. Macquarie Capital Group Limited and Brookfield Asset Management Inc. are not affirming or adopting any statements made by any other person in respect of the proposed transaction and expressly disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except in accordance with applicable securities law or to comment on expectations of, or statements made by any other person in respect of the transaction. Investors should not assume that any lack of update to a previously issued forward-looking statement constitutes a reaffirmation of that statement. Reliance on forward-looking statements is at investors' own risk.
Australia and New Zealand
Email regional contact
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Europe, Middle East and Africa
Email regional contact


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Dir: Kieron J. Walsh. Ireland. 2012. 84mins
A delightfully dark comic crime thriller that twists and turns through its interweaving storyline, this stylishly made film relishes its intricate plotting and smooth shooting style and while perhaps lacking the star-power to truly break out it has enough smarts and style to find an audience, especially on home entertainment.
Jump is a smart and charming little gem of a movie, well worth tracking down.
Set against the backdrop of New Year's Eve in Derry, Northern Ireland, it tracks three interlocking storylines as a series of troubled and sad souls make their way through the night.
At the core of the film is a charming and charismatic performance from Nichola Burley – who has never been better – as depressed and despondent Greta (sporting a fluffy fake cru coat and angel wings), the daughter of local mobster Frank Feeney (Lalor Roddy).
Set to commit suicide by jumping from Derry Peace Bridge, she is stopped from leaping by Pearse Kelly (Martin McCann), who doesn't know who she is, but has his own reasons for hating her father. The pair set off into the night and themselves caught up in a strange series of events.
Meanwhile across town retired criminal Johnny (Richard Dormer) is coerced into helping two of Feeney's hired men Ross and Jack (Ciarán McMenamin and Packy Lee) into tracking a large sum of stolen money, while in the final strand two friends of Greta, Marie and Dara (Charlene McKenna and Valene Kane) have to deal with the aftermath of a fateful car accident.
In amidst the elegantly shot drama there are some delicious moments of black humour – usually focusing on Ross and Jack's astonishing criminal incompetence – as the nicely structured story (based on Lisa McGee's stage play) weaves its way through the city. Jump is a smart and charming little gem of a movie, well worth tracking down.
Production companies: Hotshot Films, Blinder Films
International sales: AV Pictures, www.avpictures.co.uk
Producer: Brendan J. Byrne
Executive producers: Katie Holly, Michael Henry, Chris Hunt
Screenplay: Steve Brookes, Kieron J. Walsh, based on the stage play by Lisa McGee
Cinematography: David Rom
Editors: Eimear Reynolds, Jake Roberts
Production designer: David Craig
Music: Edith Progue
Main cast: Martin McCann, Nichola Burley, Lalor Roddy, Ciarán McMenamin, Packy Lee, Charlene McKenna, Valene Kane, Richard Dormer


text: In our last installment of CJ in the Driveway, we went through the body and cleaned, stripped and painted the exterior panels. We Installed our front fenders from GenRight Offroad and also tore out all of the rule management system in anticipation of the conversion to fuel injection. We addressed the brakes with a power brake booster and a new … [Read more...]


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Story #90
TURIN. Italy – February 15, 2006
When the 22-year old University of Wisconsin collegian Chris Chelios played in his first Olympic game on February 7, 1984, against Canada in Sarajevo he was sure of two things: one, he would soon afterwards turn professional and join the Montreal Canadiens; two, the Sarajevo Games would be his first and last Olympic experience. At that time, Olympic rules were still very much in effect, and as soon as the versatile defenseman turned pro he would no longer be eligible for the "five-ringed circus." But the Chicago native outlasted not only all of his contemporaries--he also outlasted the antiquated amateur rules of Olympic participation.By 1998, modern Olympic eligibility regulations were in place and the NHL greeted the new era by shutting down for two weeks to allow its players to participate. As a result, the 36-year-old Chelios was ready and willing when USA Hockey called for his services for Nagano 1998. Four years later, not done yet, he was able to avenge the highly disappointing sixth-place finish from Japan and play in now his third Olympics. Team USA won a silver medal in Salt Lake City in 2002 and the 40-year old Chelios was named to the Olympic All-Star Team for his fine play.But he still wasn't done! After being traded to Detroit from Chicago in 1999, the fiery Chelios became a smarter hockey player, playing less adventurous hockey without losing his competitive edge or his skating ability. When Team USA general manager Don Waddell and head coach Peter Laviolette were considering his team for Turin 2006, there was no way they could omit the 44-year old Chelios. So when Team USA took the Palasport Olympico ice on February 15, 2006, for the opening day game against Latvia, Chelios became the seventh oldest ice hockey Olympian at age 44 years and 21 days. Chelios also became the first hockey player to participate in an Olympic tournament 22 years after he played in his first, beating Swiss Bibi Torriani's record of 20 years (1928-1948).Neither Chelios nor his team will remember Turin fondly. USA finished a distant seventh and Chelios missed the chance to became the oldest hockey Olympian to win a medal. General critical opinion was that with this poor showing the generation led by Chelios, Keith Tkachuk, Bill Guerin, Mathieu Schneider, and Brian Rolston had played its last important international tournament. But on January 25, 2008, Chris Chelios will turn 46 and will be in the middle of his 26th NHL season (10th with the Red Wings). He is the oldest player in the NHL, but the defenceman shows no signs of slowing down. One would be wise not count Chelios out when USA Hockey starts the selection process for Vancouver 2010. After all, he would be only 48.
As part of the IIHF's 100th anniversary celebrations, www.IIHF.com is featuring the 100 top international hockey stories from the past century (1908-2008). Starting now and continuing through the 2008 IIHF World Championships in Canada, we will bring you approximately three stories a week counting down from Number 100 to Number 11.
The Final Top 10 Countdown will be one of the highlights of the IIHF's Centennial Gala Evening in Quebec City on May 17, the day prior to the Gold Medal Game of the 2008 World Championship.
These are the criteria for inclusion on this list: First, the story has to have had a considerable influence on international hockey. Second, it has to have had either a major immediate impact or a long-lasting significance on the game. Third, although it doesn't necessarily have to be about top players, the story does have to pertain to the highest level of play, notably Olympics, World Championships, and the like. The story can be about a single moment — a goal, a great save, a referee's call — or about an historic event of longer duration — a game, series, tournament, or rule change.
Click here for the 100 Top Stories


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Does God communicate to us outside the Bible?
Short answer: of course he does! The long answer, however, nuances this a bit more. I don't believe that God's normal M.O. is to give verbal direction to our individual lives. That is not to say that he doesn't guide us with impulses, with pricks of the conscience, with moving circumstances, with bringing things to our memory, etc. But it is to say that he doesn't, as a normal activity, communicate to believers verbally apart from scripture.
To me, this duck doesn't quack the same as the charismatic duck. As far as abuses are concerned when it comes to discerning God's will, as you no doubt know there are legions of heart-breaking stories about people who thought they heard the voice of God tell them to do something. Even some of the better-known Vineyard leaders have had false communications, and have, because of them, (nearly) ruined churches. On the one hand, this posture could well be a moral problem. It's called laziness. I don't think that God expects us to check out our brains when it comes to making decisions.
But I also don't think that God expects us to be omniscient. His normal M.O. seems to be that if we can learn about something through normal means he will not resort to his non-discursive communication with us. Frankly, I got a bit nervous when I read that you "need" to have revelations. That posture can truly hurt you and your flock down the line. When non-charismatics truly depend on the Lord for guidance, they work hard and study hard and pray hard. And they seek the Lord's guidance in all of this. This is Christ-honoring. We should never substitute discursive revelations for the hard work of prayer and research. I, too, agree that some decisions are so monumental that we need to get something from God. But what that something is distinguishes cessationists from charismatics. Charismatics need overt assurances that they are doing the right thing. In some respects, this might not only be a symptom of laziness; it might also be a lack of faith. To insist that God gives me revelations when he wants me to trust him--often over the uncertainties of life--is indeed a lack of faith.
Cessationists, on the other hand, often reduce decision making to simply a listing of the pros and cons about a matter. In this approach, God doesn't even need to get involved! I do believe that the peace of God is something that we can have and should seek. And especially when it comes to major decisions, we should never go into the matter cavalierly. This goes for both sides of the debate.
I hope you get the book, "Who's Afraid of the Holy Spirit?" and I hope that you read J. I. Packer's essay on discerning God's will for our lives. He has some significant comments to make about the wrong ways to go about discerning the will of God.
Related Topics: Inspiration


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Budgeting is one of the most important activities undertaken by governments. The annual Adopted Budget is a plan of financial operation that includes estimates of proposed expenditures and the proposed means of financing them during a fiscal year. The budget serves as the primary tool in allocating financial resources to programs and services. The budget should serve as a means for policy implementation, as a communication device, and as a benchmark for performance and financial management. Because of its importance, a budget process that involves all stakeholders - elected officials, citizen's groups, business leaders and governmental administrators and employees will lead to a more efficient and accepted government.
Section 166.241, Florida Statutes provides specific requirements to which municipalities must comply with regard to budgets and budget amendments. The Statute requires that budgets are balanced and adopted annually; the adoption must be by resolution or ordinance, unless otherwise specified by Charter. It also includes provisions relating to the methods and timing of budget amendments.
A fiscal year, abbreviated as "FY," is the annual period applicable to the annual operating budget. Different governmental agencies, i.e., federal, state, county, and municipal, may have a different beginning date and ending date for their respective fiscal years.
An ad valorem tax (Latin for "according to value") is a tax based on the value of real estate or personal property.
Also referred to as property tax, the "ad valorem tax" is what an owner of real estate or other property pays on the value of the property being taxed. The Miami-Dade County Property Appraiser is charged with determining the value of all property within the county for tax purposes.
Ad valorem taxes are an important revenue source for a municipality's General Fund Operating Budget.
Property owners pay taxes to many taxing authorities in addition to the City of North of Miami Beach. For each tax dollar in ad-valorem taxes, these are the taxing authorities paid:
One mill is the equivalent of $1 of property taxes per $1,000 of taxable value. Taxable value is defined as the assessed value of property minus the amount of any applicable exemptions provided by the Florida Statutes or the Florida Constitution.
The millage rate, also referred to as the ad valorem tax rate, or the property tax rate, refers to the number of mills assessed per thousand dollars or the levy per thousand dollars of taxable value of real property. Each taxing authority establishes its own millage rate.
The millage rate for a North Miami Beach taxpayer is typically only 31% of the total millage paid to all taxing authorities. View a historical list of past millage rates since Fiscal Year 2001 (PDF).
The Adopted FY 2022 Operating Budget provides for 455 full-time positions which represents a net increase of 5 positions from the Adopted FY 2021 Operating Budget.
Debt is defined as an obligation resulting from the borrowing of money or from the purchase of goods and services. Debt instruments used by the City may include general obligation bonds, special obligation bonds, bond anticipation notes, and tax anticipation notes all of which must be approved by the City Commission before issuance. Additionally, a general obligation bond must be approved by a majority of the residents of the City qualified to vote and voting in an election; hence, the term "voted debt."
Debt service encompasses the payment of principal and interest related to long-term borrowing and, for purposes of the annual budget, is calculated on an annual basis over the term or life of the debt.
As used in governmental accounting, a fund may be defined as a fiscal and accounting entity which is comprised of a self-balancing set of accounts which reflect all assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, and expenses necessary to disclose the financial position and the results of operations.
An Enterprise Fund is the type of fund used to account for operations which provide services to the general public similar to a private business enterprise in nature. The intent is that the fees charged to users of a particular service cover all costs of providing that service. Examples of enterprise funds in the City include the:
A Self-Insurance Fund provides a central risk financing mechanism and self-insurance reserve for the payment of claims relating to workers' compensation and general liability. The City has two separate Self-Insurance Funds: Worker's Compensation and Liability. They are administered by the Risk Management section of Human Resources. Activities of these funds include retaining third party administrators, obtaining third party property insurance coverage and securing claims management services.
The Capital Improvement Program, "CIP," is a compilation of the various proposed capital projects planned over a specified five-year planning period. The program also incorporates and specifies the resources estimated to be available for programming as well as the costs involved for each individual, proposed capital project. Given the fact that the CIP is a planning document, typically only the current fiscal year's funding allocations have been approved by the City Commission for expenditure.
A capital improvement project is defined as the major construction, expansion, purchase, or major repair or replacement of buildings, utility systems, streets, or other physical structures or property, which requires the expenditure of $10,000 or more and has an expected life or useful life of at least five years.
The Comprehensive Annual Financial Report is prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) and audited in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and government auditing standards by a firm of licensed certified public accountants. The objectives of financial reporting are to:
The Comprehensive Annual Financial Report is released in late spring, or early summer, after completion of the annual audit. CAFRs are available online since fiscal year 2003.


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I have four books out this season, so it's a bonanza. There's something for everyone: Aldous Huxley's The Crows of Pearblossom, ("The story is just this side of disturbing" - San Francisco Book Review"), April Stevens's Edwin Speaks Up ("Blackall's softly colored illustrations manage to make even stretched-out rats look adorable") Lisa Wheeler's Spinster Goose: Twisted Rhymes for Naughty Children, ("Blackall applies her typically sweet-natured style in surprising and occasionally disturbing ways" - Booklist) and my own Are You Awake? ("This is the AWESOMEST...BOOK...EVER!!!!! "- Edward)
I have coerced Eggy to come and read duet style, so that will be worth the price of admission. Which is FREE!
It's a ridiculously busy time of year, I know, but stop by if you're in the neighborhood. I'd love to see you.
x Sophie


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A lot of folks have been saying that the training system is broken. It is and it has been for several years. The advent of technically advanced aircraft has just made that breakdown more apparent. Now, with the coming of the very light jets (VLJ) there is much hand-wringing about "amateurs" in the flight levels. (Let's clear one thing up right at the beginning here: Amateur is an attitude, not a paycheck. I've met some student pilots who were among the most professional pilots I've known, and I've also flown with some 5,000-hour ATP amateurs.)The way we have trained pilots in the past just won't work any longer. The system is broken and the sooner it is fixed, the sooner we can improve the accident statistics. Fully 85% of the general aviation accidents are attributable — at least in part — to pilot error, and yet avoidance of these errors and enhanced judgment is the one subject we don't adequately teach. There are test-prep courses that teach students how to pass a multiple-choice test. That's working so well that students have been known to finish the Private Pilot Knowledge Test in five minutes or less.(And, as a consequence, the FAA no longer releases the total test bank. Their attitude, and I agree with them, is that one question of each type will be released. If you know how to flight plan, you should be able to answer any flight planning question, even if you haven't seen that exact question before. Some companies are still trying to use tricky wording in advertising to make you believe that they have all the questions, but they don't. Nobody but the FAA does, and they aren't talking!)We take students to the practice area and drill them at length until they are able to do perfect turns around a point, s-turns along a road and lazy-eights. When was the last time a pilot was killed because the lazy eight was less than perfect?
Fix The System
We need to be spending the time with students emphasizing decision-making skills and higher-order thinking skills. Maneuvers will still need to be taught, but they should be just a prelude to the main task of forming a capable and safe pilot. To be sure, there are some computer-based products that purport to teach judgement under the guise of risk management, but so far, the answers to the questions posed are transparently obvious and little new or helpful material has been supplied.We train general aviation pilots for sport flying. With the advent of technically advanced aircraft, we should be teaching them skills that will be useful when flying a modern machine designed for transportation, not for short hops for $100 hamburgers. They will need a lot more practical education than we have given to date.
It has been suggested by some that the training be given over to the folks who train the pilots of the current corporate fleet. After all, the missions are similar — why not the training? Because it just won't work. Putting a pilot in a $20-million simulator and hitting him with a fire hose of simulated emergencies isn't going to work with the new generation of GA pilots. It wears out the simulator and irritates the pilot. It has worked for the corporate fleet because, by the time a pilot has the experience to be handed a multi-million dollar jet, that pilot has, by process of elimination, formed fairly good judgement — or is really lucky — since the intrepid aviator has survived long enough to get the job. For the most part, these pilots have been successful despite their training, not because of it. In this traditional training, we have rewarded pilots for the swiftness of their actions, when acting with haste is usually, at best, counterproductive, and at worst, can cause serious — even fatal — errors. Shutting down the wrong engine on a 737 near Midlands, England, comes quickly to mind, but there are many other accidents and near accidents caused by pilots being in a hurry.Another problem with the traditional way pilots are trained is that it rewards a pilot for stepping out of the pilot-in-command role. Pilots are rewarded for their ability to troubleshoot a system on-the-fly (pun intended) and come up with a solution to the system problem. This is exactly the wrong thing to do. Pilots are pilots, not mechanics. Not only do they not know enough to really troubleshoot a system, there is very little or nothing they can do about a broken system from the cockpit. Eastern 401 came to grief in the Florida Everglades because all three pilots in the cockpit were playing mechanic, trying to determine why a light bulb wouldn't illuminate. Nobody was flying the airplane. Not one of the pilots realized — until it was too late — that the airplane was on the way to digging a hole in the swamp. In contrast, Al Haynes didn't try to fix his stricken DC-10, he just got help flying the airplane and getting it on the ground. Dave Cronin didn't try to troubleshoot or fix his B-747 after the cargo door blew out. He just kept flying the airplane to get it safely back on the ground. These are the kinds of actions we need to train pilots to take. It's been right for the last hundred years and it will be right for the next hundred: "Rule One — Fly the airplane! Rule Two — See Rule One!"
Scenario-Based Training
Our new crop of pilots using technically advanced airplanes and very light jets must be taught the skills that will keep them alive in a manner meaningful to them. The necessary systems knowledge can be supplied as self-paced, computer-based training that the pilot will master before flight training. It makes little sense to tie up pilot and instructor time to lecture a class on material that can be adequately studied at the pilot's convenience. It's also ridiculous to have pilots memorizing mounds of trivia such as temperatures, pressures, and numbers of holes in speedbrakes. Classroom time should be devoted to review and facilitated discussions on the impact a failure of any one system would have on the mission profile. Selected accident reports can be introduced for discussion of the error chain that leads up to most accidents and pointing out the actions that could/should have been taken to break the chain.Simulator/FTD/flight training sessions should be scenario-based, with the pilot planning the mission profile given parameters supplied by the instructor. Pilots will supply instructors with the normal mission profile for their flights: The airports they use, the weather they encounter, the urgency of the mission. Instructors on the other hand, will take the trainee's personal information and apply it to generic scenarios to bring the training home to the student. The student must be able to realistically see him or herself in the situation being simulated in order to make the training meaningful. The student must be able to think, "That could very well happen to me."Simulation is ideal for this type training because the missions can be taken to their conclusion even if that would result in a crash. Obviously, in live flight training, the instructor will have to intervene before that point. The pilot can be shown powerful evidence that faulty decision-making leads to most accidents. Not all possible problems or malfunctions will be revealed to the pilot prior to takeoff. Scenarios should be developed so that there are multiple paths depending on the pilot's decisions. At times, the pilot will be left with a choice between equally unattractive alternatives and will be forced to select the one that has the marginally best chance at success.It is not necessary that every bell, buzzer, light, and warning message be activated during this training. Those items can be adequately drilled and reinforced in ground school and self-paced study. Again, our aim is not to attempt to make pilots into mini-mechanics. Alaska 261 with pilots trying to figure out malfunctioning flight controls come to mind. Any time the pilot steps out of the role of captain of the ship to do another job — especially one not adequately prepared for — disaster lurks. The pilot's "trouble-shooting" skills should be limited to taking care of the current problem via the checklist and then deciding whether to land or press on. It's possible that if the crew of the Alaska MD-83 had landed the airplane soon after they discovered the problem, the outcome may have been different. Any further trouble-shooting has the potential for disaster. The pilot can do precious little from the cockpit other than fly the airplane, and that job should be done with precision and proficiency.
Long Overdue
Why hasn't all this been done in the past? Partially, it's because of the way we have thought of the pilot population. There are the "professional" pilots who fly jets in the flight levels and then there are the GA people who fly for fun down in Indian Country. That no longer is true and hasn't been true for many years now. GA pilots are using increasingly sophisticated equipment to accomplish transportation in the flight levels. Again, "professional" needs to be considered as an attitude toward flying, not the source of the paycheck.Additionally, developing this training is very labor intensive. It's far easier to build a syllabus with a set of maneuvers and a test standard with those same maneuvers and set tolerances. When we start talking about judgment skills, the metrics become a bit fuzzy and take more thought to develop and judge. Multiple-choice tests have always been easier than essays: They are easier to develop, easier to train for, and easier to evaluate. Nevertheless, the essay more validly explores the testee's knowledge.The scenarios developed for training cannot be cut-and-dried. There will be no "standard" scenarios because they will have to be personalized for each pilot to be meaningful. If the student is not made to ponder the training session and the ways he could fall prey to inattention and a failure of situational awareness, the instructor has failed. If the pilot is ever left with the thought that, "Well, in the real world that wouldn't happen," the instructor has failed. Maneuvers will still have to be taught, but they should be taught as a method for building general proficiency, not as an end in themselves. Maneuvers should not be test items.Scenario-based training will be a challenge for the FAA as well. They will need to administer a testing program that will test the pilot's ability to use the airplane for transportation and make the solid, consistent judgments to safely accomplish that mission. That testing will be much harder to develop and administer than the maneuver-based testing currently in use.
Start At The Beginning
Scenario-based training is not something that should be left to the pilot entering technically advanced aircraft or very light jets. It needs to begin in the first hours of dual. Primacy is more powerful than many instructors give it credit for, and how pilots are first taught will influence the way they fly for the rest of their flying days. Instructors can begin during the very first hours of dual by involving the student in planning the flight. The flight should be planned with a sectional and the student should navigate to the practice area by pilotage. This should not wait until cross-country training is begun. The student should be aware of and participate in every decision made about and during the flight.With scenario-based training from the first hours of dual — and training and reinforcement of good judgment skills — there is no reason that a 200- to 300-hour pilot cannot safely and efficiently fly a very light jet in the flight levels. The military trains low-time pilots to fly supersonic jets on a daily basis. It takes discipline and it takes a lot of effort on the instructor's part to develop meaningful training scenarios, but it can be done. The FAA has initiated a program known as FITS (FAA/Industry Training Standards) to address these training issues. More information can be found on their Web site.
The Final Objection
The final objection to this type of training stems from the crowd that says, "I had to pay my dues for 20 years to fly a jet and you should have to also." There is much gnashing of teeth and wringing of hands over amateur pilots in the flight levels. Get used to it. They are going to be there, and if we improve training, they could be the best-trained generation of pilots we've had since the military trained all of those pilots during World War II.For more From The CFI, check out the rest of Linda's articles.


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Homesteads at Teton Village
Homes for Sale:
Household income must be between 80% to 120% of the Median Family Income.
Four 3-bedroom, 2-bath, 1 car garage, range, refrigerator, dishwasher, microwave, washer & dryer, 1,406 square feet, one household pet allowed.
Open House Thursday July 12th from 5 to 7
Open House Friday July 20th form 12 to 2
To get to the open house, turn left on to Teton Village Road, turn right on Apres Vous Road, and then right on to Cyrstal Springs road. There will be an open house sign and someone will be there to greet you.
To be eligible to enter the drawing for these homes, your households gross income (before taxes) must fit into the range listed below, and your households net assets must not exceed the asset limit below:
Three Person Household | $70,920 to $106,380 |
Four Person Household | $78,800 to $118,200 |
Five Person Household | $85,104 to $127,656 |
Six Person Household | $91,408 to $137,112 |
Seven Person Household | $97,712 to $146,568 |
Eight Person Household | $104,016 to $156,024 |
Net Asset Limit | $236,400 |
Calculation of income:
Household income is based on the current income earned by all intended adult occupants of the Restricted Housing Unit at time of weighted drawing entry using the current household income to estimate an annual (12 month) income basis. Households must use their current income and may not make changes or adjustments during a drawing period.
Business income of a qualifying Household is calculated using an average of the last three (3) years of income on the business' tax returns. A year to date profit and loss determination will also be used to calculate business income. If the business has not been operating for three (3) years, the Housing Department will average income over the time the business has been operating.
Weighted Drawing deadline for this home is Tuesday July 24, 2018 by 4:00 p.m. No late or incomplete entries will be allowed, no exceptions.
Eligibility Requirements:
Please note the policies in effect to enter any drawing. The Housing Department Intake form must be filled out and submitted to enter this or any weighted drawing. If you have not submitted an Intake form prior to the beginning of this drawing you are not be eligible to apply.
Proof of one year full-time employment, a completed Lenders Qualification Worksheet with an up to date Credit Report (provided by a local lender, AnnualCreditReport.com, or CreditKarma.com), and a completed Home Buyer Education Class Certificate all must be attached to the Weighted Drawing Entry Sheet or on file with the Housing Department.
The Housing Department will keep your Lender's Qualification on file for one year. The Home Buyer Education Certificate is good indefinitely.
Please make sure the loan amount on your Lender's Qualification worksheet is for at least the purchase price minus your down payment of the home for which you are applying. You must be able to prove your ability to secure financing.
You may receive one additional entry into the drawing for every year of verified full-time employment (minimum of 1,560 hours) in Teton County with a maximum of 10 years/entries.
Household size must be 1 or 2 adults with 2 or more dependents.
Forms needed to enter the drawing:
Lenders Qualification Worksheet
Homebuyer Education On-Line Class Certificate
Affidavit of Current Employment
Affidavit of Previous Employment
Example cost break down for a purchase price of $313,895
3.5% down payment (required) | $10,986 |
Loan Amount | $302,909 |
Principal & Interest Payment (estimated 5%) | $1,685 |
Property Tax (estimate) | $149 |
Insurance (estimate) | $100 |
HOA dues (estimate) | $185 |
Total Estimated Monthly Payment | $2,119 |
Declaration of Covenants Conditions and Restrictions (CCRs)
First Supplemental Declaration and Third Amendment
First Supplemental Declarations
Second Supplemental Declarations
Third Supplemental Declarations
Please talk to a local lender about closing costs, interest rates, and available loan programs to suit
your financing needs. We recommend you choose a local lender.


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After the increase in Texas' congressional delegation resulting from the 1980 census, the Texas Legislature enacted a reapportionment plan (SB1) that was submitted to the Attorney General for preclearance under the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Suit was then filed in Federal District Court challenging SB1's constitutionality and its validity under the Act. The three-judge court delayed the proceedings pending action by the Attorney General, who ultimately objected to the lines drawn for two contiguous districts in south Texas (Districts 15 and 27) but concluded that the State had otherwise satisfied its burden of demonstrating that SB1 was nondiscriminatory in purpose and effect. The court then formulated a plan which resolved the Attorney General's objection to Districts 15 and 27 and retained all other districts from SB1 except for those in Dallas County, for which the court devised its own districts. One judge concluded that the SB1 plan for Dallas County was unconstitutional, while another concluded that since SB1 was a nullity because of the Attorney General's action, the entire plan had to be a court-ordered plan that was subject to stricter standards than a legislative plan and thus required the different districts for Dallas County. Only that part of the District Court's judgment relating to Dallas County was appealed.
After the 1980 census, Texas' congressional delegation increased from 24 to 27 members. A reapportionment plan, Senate Bill No. 1 (SB1), was enacted on August 14, 1981, and then submitted to the Attorney General for preclearance. While it was pending before him, suit was filed in the Federal District Court for the Eastern District of Texas challenging the constitutionality of SB1 and its validity under 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, 79 Stat. 437, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 1973. A three-judge court was empaneled, held a hearing, and delayed any further action until after the Attorney General acted. On January 29, 1982, the Attorney General entered an objection to SB1. Specifically, he objected to the lines drawn for two contiguous districts in south Texas, Districts 15 and 27. 1 He stated that the State "has satisfied its burden of demonstrating that the submitted plan is nondiscriminatory in purpose and effect" with respect to the other 25 districts. In the face of this objection, which made SB1 unenforceable, and the obvious unconstitutionality of the prior apportionment plan, 2 the court ordered the parties to provide written submissions along with maps, plats, and other data to aid the court in reaching a court-ordered reapportionment plan. A hearing was held on February 9. The court then proceeded to resolve the Attorney General's objection to Districts 15 and 27. 536 F. Supp. 931. All other districts of the court's plan, except for those in Dallas County, were identical to those of SB1. The court devised its own districts for Dallas County, and it is that part of the District Court's judgment that is on appeal here. A stay and expedited consideration are requested. [456 U.S. 37, 39]
Judge Sam Johnson and Judge Justice wrote separately, but agreed that SB1's plan for Dallas County could not be implemented. 3 Judge Justice alone determined that the SB1 plan for Dallas County was unconstitutional. In Judge Johnson's view, since SB1 was a nullity, the entire plan had to be a court-ordered plan which must conform to 5, 42 U.S.C. 1973c, standards, including the "no retrogression rule" of Beer v. United States, 425 U.S. 130 (1976). However, he thought that in two respects the standards applicable to court-ordered plans were stricter than those that must be observed by a legislature: population equality and racial fairness. Judicial application of the no retrogression standard, in his view, is limited to consideration of purely numerical factors; unlike a legislature, a court cannot consider the "innumerable political factors that may affect a minority group's access to the political process." 536 F. Supp., at 948. Although a court must defer to legislative judgments on reapportionment as much as possible, it is forbidden to do so when the legislative plan would not meet the special standards of population equality and racial fairness that are applicable to court-ordered plans.
SB1's treatment of Dallas County failed to meet the test of racial fairness for a court-ordered plan. Under SB1, minority strength in District 5, in Dallas County, would have gone from 29.1 percent to 12.1 percent. Apparently, the minority votes had been shifted to District 24, which increased in minority population from 37.4 percent to 63.8 percent. Judge Johnson reasoned that this change would reduce minority effectiveness in District 5 substantially and would not guarantee a "safe" seat in District 24. This "would result in a severe retrogression in the Dallas County area." Id., at 957, n. 39. He specifically recognized that SB1's plans for Dallas County had been formulated in response to the interests expressed by minority voters in creating a "safe" seat. He did not hold this legislative response to be unconstitutional, nor did he [456 U.S. 37, 40] criticize it as inconsistent with 5 as it applied to legislative redistricting. A court, however, could not, in his view, consider the same factors as a legislature. 4 The court, therefore, redrew the boundaries of Districts 5 and 24, and the two adjoining Districts, 3 and 26. Under the court-ordered plan, District 5 would have a minority population of 31.87 percent and District 24 would have 45.7 percent.
Appellants, who are Republican Party officials in Texas, contend that the District Court simply substituted its own reapportionment preferences for those of the state legislature and that this is inconsistent with Wise v. Lipscomb, 437 U.S. 535 (1978); McDaniel v. Sanchez, 452 U.S. 130 (1981); and White v. Weiser, 412 U.S. 783 (1973). 5 They argue that in the absence of any objection to the Dallas County districts by the Attorney General, and in the absence of any finding of a constitutional or statutory violation with respect to those districts, a court must defer to the legislative judgments the [456 U.S. 37, 41] plans reflect, even under circumstances in which a court order is required to effect an interim legislative apportionment plan. 6 We agree and, therefore, summarily reverse.
The relevant principles that govern federal district courts in reapportionment cases are well established:
We reached a similar conclusion in Whitcomb v. Chavis, 403 U.S. 124, 160 -161 (1971), in which we held that the District Court erred in fashioning a court-ordered plan that rejected state policy choices more than was necessary to meet the specific constitutional violations involved. Indeed, our decision in Whitcomb directly conflicts with the lower court's order in this case. Specifically, we indicated that the District Court should not have rejected all multimember districts in the State, absent a finding that those multimember districts were unconstitutional. Ibid. We reached this conclusion despite the fact that we had previously held that "when district courts are forced to fashion apportionment plans, single-member districts are preferable to large multimember districts as a general matter." Connor v. Johnson, 402 U.S. 690, 692 (1971). See also Chapman v. Meier, 420 U.S. 1, 19 (1975) (indicating that court-ordered plans should, in some circumstances, defer to, or respect, a state policy of multimember districting).
It is true that this Court has held that court-ordered reapportionment plans are subject in some respects to stricter standards than are plans developed by a state legislature. Wise v. Lipscomb, supra, at 540; Connor v. Finch, 431 U.S. 407, 414 (1977). This stricter standard applies, however, only to remedies required by the nature and scope of the violation: "The remedial powers of an equity court must be adequate to the task, but they are not unlimited." [456 U.S. 37, 43] Whitcomb v. Chavis, supra, at 161. We have never said that the entry of an objection by the Attorney General to any part of a state plan grants a district court the authority to disregard aspects of the legislative plan not objected to by the Attorney General. 7 There may be reasons for rejecting other parts of the State's proposal, but those reasons must be something other than the limits on the court's remedial actions. Those limits do not come into play until and unless a remedy is required; whether a remedy is required must be determined on the basis of the substantive legal standards applicable to the State's submission.
Whenever a district court is faced with entering an interim reapportionment order that will allow elections to go forward it is faced with the problem of "reconciling the requirements of the Constitution with the goals of state political policy." Connor v. Finch, supra, at 414. An appropriate reconciliation of these two goals can only be reached if the district court's modifications of a state plan are limited to those necessary to cure any constitutional or statutory defect. Thus, in the absence of a finding that the Dallas County reapportionment plan offended either the Constitution or the Voting Rights Act, the District Court was not free, and certainly was not required, to disregard the political program of the Texas State Legislature. [456 U.S. 37, 44]
Although the District Court erred, it does not necessarily follow that its plan should not serve as an interim plan governing the forthcoming congressional elections. The filing date for candidates, which was initially postponed by the District Court, has now come and gone. The District Court has also adjusted other dates so that the primary elections scheduled for May 1 may be held. The State of Texas, although it disagrees with the judgment of the District Court with respect to Dallas County, urges that the election process should not now be interrupted and a new schedule adopted, even for Dallas County. It is urged that because the District Court's plan is only an interim plan and is subject to replacement by the legislature in 1983, the injury to appellants, if any, will not be irreparable.
It is true that we have authorized District Courts to order or to permit elections to be held pursuant to apportionment plans that do not in all respects measure up to the legal requirements, even constitutional requirements. See, e. g., Bullock v. Weiser, 404 U.S. 1065 (1972); Whitcomb v. Chavis, 396 U.S. 1055 (1970). Necessity has been the motivating factor in these situations.
Because we are not now as familiar as the District Court with the Texas election laws and the legal and practical factors that may bear on whether the primary elections should be rescheduled, we vacate the District Court judgment and remand the case to that court for further proceedings. See Connor v. Waller, 421 U.S. 656 (1975); Wesberry v. Sanders, 376 U.S. 1, 4 (1964). Having indicated the legal error of the District Court, we leave it to that court in the first instance to determine whether to modify its judgment and reschedule the primary elections for Dallas County or, in spite of its erroneous refusal to adopt the SB1 districts for Dallas County, to allow the election to go forward in accordance with the present schedule.
The judgment of the Court shall issue forthwith.
[ Footnote 2 ] The existing apportionment plan created only 24, not 27 districts, and the changes in population over the past 10 years had created extreme numerical variations between the districts, which were unconstitutional under the one-man, one-vote rule.
[ Footnote 3 ] Judge Parker dissented from the relevant part of the court order - he would have followed SB1 in Dallas County.
[ Footnote 4 ] The relevant passage of Judge Johnson's opinion reads as follows:
[ Footnote 5 ] Appellants are supported in this appeal by the State of Texas. While Texas agrees with them on the merits of this case and supports a summary reversal of the District Court decision, it asks that this Court delay any remedial action until after the 1982 elections. In other words, Texas [456 U.S. 37, 41] challenges the merits of the District Court decision, but contends that it would be too disruptive and expensive to attempt to alter the 1982 elections at this point.
[ Footnote 6 ] Appellants propose two other arguments. First, under Texas law an invalid statutory provision is severable. Therefore, the fact that the Attorney General objected to the validity of SB1's district lines for 2 districts did not invalidate the plans for the other 25 districts. Second, the "stricter standards" applicable to court-ordered plans apply only to the use of multimember districts and population variations beyond a de minimis amount. In particular, this "stricter standard" does not apply to plans that have already been precleared by the Attorney General. In light of our disposition of the case, we need not reach either of these arguments.
[ Footnote 7 ] The Attorney General took the same position in declining to grant preclearance to that portion of SB1 that he did not find objectionable:
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Citation: 456 U.S. 37
Docket No: No. 81-1724
Decided: April 01, 1982
Court: United States Supreme Court
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text:
"The publication by the British Art Market Federation of a study it commissioned from Art Economics on the British Art Market, and the simultaneous updating of the Government's Briefing Paper on the Artist's Resale Right, on July 1, 2010, renewed the UK debate on resale rights. But what is it really all about? Because the debate seems to have continued for years, one can be excused for losing the thread. This article reviews the current position".What is the current position? The author concludes by asking whether the ARR benefit artists and supports the industry or merely undermines it and threatens the success of the UK art market, concluding thus:
"There are numerous factors to consider on both sides of the argument. It can certainly be argued that it has not really been shown that there has been a dramatic effect on the artists and that the ARR has only benefited a small number of artists, within the framework of the art market as a whole. Accordingly, why risk damaging a valuable market for potentially little return or benefit.
However, what is clear is that it has not been demonstrated that the implementation of the ARR has had any negative impact on the British art market. Art sales have not moved overseas to jurisdictions where there is no ARR. In fact, the art market survives, as it did following the introduction of VAT (arguably a far more cumbersome payment obligation), and has continued to rapidly grow and flourish.
Thus, while it is difficult to judge the effect of a law on a specialist market, in this case the changes that have already taken place appear to have had little negative impact on the British art market and the future change is unlikely to either. Therefore, though the implementation of the ARR to the works of deceased artists was delayed, it is very unlikely that it will not be introduced. Indeed, it is expected that the ARR directive will be fully implemented in the United Kingdom from the beginning of 2012, when finally sales of the works of both living and deceased artists will attract the ARR payment".


text:
In Nz, there's lots of land area that is not absorbed by metropolitan areas and towns. There are many outside places to savor biking along with other sports, and that's why buying a dirt motor cycle is really so popular. This sport, particularly, is famous Nz for various reasons. If you're searching to buy an electric motor bike, you will have to have a couple of things into account. First, make certain that you select a dealer who can present you with the very best service possible. When you're buying something which is costly and requires additional care, you won't want to purchase it from just anybody. Make certain that you select a business discussion their goods and may provide you with top-rate service.
You will have to think about the budget you need to invest in a dust motor cycle, too. It might be nice to simply buy whatever you'll find without having to worry concerning the costs from the bike, although not lots of people can do this simply because they have financial limitations. Bear in mind that the requirements would be the only factor that matter when you will buy a bike such as this, since it is an enjoyable purchase, not really a necessary one. Look at the motor cycles that are offered and select the one which you want best according to features, cost, and just what you are getting your money can buy.
So many people think that they must simply locate an affordable dirt motor cycle and spend less than possible whether they have a financial budget. However, by making the effort to check out features and incorporated amenities in comparison to the costs, you can aquire a far better bike at a lower price by finding the right value, rather of only the least expensive bike. You can buy one of these simple machines as lengthy you may already know what you would like or which elements are most significant for you.
If you have found a business that gives top-rate service along with a great dirt motor cycle selection, you should check out what they offer so you see your options. You will probably find more options than you may have thought possible if you do not limit yourself immediately towards the least expensive or perhaps a specific kind of motor cycle. Keep these issues in mind and you'll have the right bike very quickly.
Opening its doorways in May 2004, Waikato Yamaha is totally new Zealand's number 1 Yamaha dealer and it is the very first Yamaha Platinum Dealer in Nz.


text:
What to do if Fn key cannot work properly?
- Fn Key can not work.
- When user presses Fn + F3 or F4, if the screen does not display Volume Control and volume can not be adjusted.
- When pressing Fn + F2, the Mute function doesn't work.
/vaio/attachments/solutionteam/S0007180003460_Graphics/1.pngThe function key cannot work after VAIO Event Service is disabled.
● Windows XP
● Windows Vista
● | Windows XP Please confirm the settings of VAIO Event Service according to the steps below.
● | Windows Vista Please confirm the settings of VAIO Event Service according to the steps below.
Unable to change Service Status If Service Status cannot be changed, please try the steps below.
If situation still can not be changed after VAIO Event Service has been installed. Please try to install VAIO Event Service before performing System Recovery and check if the issue can be ressolved. |


text:
loft W.C
By: Phoebe Shannon
Phoebe has moved onto pastures new, but this was her bio when she did work with us, and very good it is too: I've always been interested in architecture, especially skyscrapers and unusual buildings. I studied Economics, Politics and Law at Dublin City University and completed my masters in Globalisation and International Law. I completed my exams to become a solicitor, but soon realised that the legal sector was not for me and I wanted to work in a more creative industry. I moved to London from Ireland five years ago and have worked in the property management and development industries before joining Design Team. The Dancing House in Prague is probably my favourite building.
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