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I'd like to invite you as I have for the last six weeks to turn with me to Matthew chapter 6 verses 9 to 13 as we consider the next in our series in the disciples' prayer, better known to most of you as the Lord's Prayer. In our study through the book of Matthew we have come to this particular portion going along verse by verse, paragraph by paragraph which of course is a very familiar passage, one that anyone who is at all familiar with the Church or has been raised in the Church or attended has come to know because it is recited so very frequently and yet as I have begun to study it having known it so well from my childhood I have discovered insights and truths and thoughts that I never perceived to be here or anywhere else in the Bible for that matter. It has opened up many, many new dimensions for my own understanding. I only wish I could share with you a tenth of what I am discovering but time doesn't ever permit me to do that so I file it away for some future place where I can inject it in another passage at another time. But I have been so enriched in this study.
Let me read to you again verse 9 to 13 so that you'll have the prayer in mind. "After this manner therefore pray ye: Our Father who art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name. They kingdom come. They will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors. And lead us not into temptation but deliver us from evil: For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen."
For six weeks we have been learning how to pray. This prayer is recorded in the Gospel of Luke in answer to the question of the disciples, "Lord, teach us to pray." I believe it is a standard for prayer. I believe it is the pattern; it is the framework that gives us insight into how we are to pray. When God told Moses to build a tabernacle God in Exodus 35 gave him a pattern and I believe when Jesus tell us to pray here he gives us the pattern. You don't build a house without a plan. You don't put together a design without a blueprint. I believe this is the blueprint for prayer. This is the pattern. This is the skeleton. This is the structure.
I really don't believe that we are tied to the words so much. I don't think the idea is just to recite the words although the words are true and lovely and good. But I think the idea is that this is the structure on which we build our prayer life. Keep in mind that the main thrust that we've been seeing in this prayer is that it focuses on God, not us.
Jesus in Matthew 5, 6 and 7 is confronting the false religious system of the Pharisees and the scribes. Their praying among other things was inadequate. So in chapter 6 beginning in verse 5 he begins to attack their prayer and he attacks it basically overall on the fact that it is self-centered. They prayed parading before men that men might see how pious they were. They wanted nothing to do with private prayer.
They wanted only to be involved in public prayer which put them on display. They made as the very heart of their prayer their own will and their own selfish desires and thus they engaged in vain repetition, the constant badgering of God that was characteristic of the pagans who were trying to appease or to force their God into response just because of their constant harangue. Their prayers were characterized by a sort of an egoism that says, "God, You better listen because I have some interesting information that You could use," as if God was not already omniscient.
So their prayers were self-centered. Like James says, "They asked to consume it on their own lusts." So Jesus turns that all around. He says, "When you pray your prayers should be God centered." We have learned that the proper way to pray is to begin with a concentration on God. The introduction, "Our Father who art in heaven," postulates God. It affirms God, not only that God is but that God is loving, that God is a father and that God as a loving father will have loving desires for his children which he can meet because he is a father in heaven which means the eternal resources are at His disposal for the granting in behalf of His children.
So we are then coming to a holy God, to an almighty god, to a righteous God, to a sovereign God, to the great God of the universe and yet he is a loving father. So we come not in fear but in joy, we come not wondering whether He can provide what we need but knowing because He's in heaven he has the resources of eternity at His disposal. Then as we have introduced ourselves into His presence we begin to be concerned about Him. So the first three petitions are: Hallowed be they name, thy kingdom come and thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven, forcing us to see that before we ever get to give us, forgive us and lead us we must deal with God. Prayer begins with Him, with His holy name, with His kingdom and with His will.
We've seen even as we follow through all of the elements of the prayer that they focus on God. Even the petitions that relate to us, "Give us this day our daily bread and forgive us debts and lead us not into temptation," really depend on God, don't they? It is He who must give. It is He who must forgive and it is He alone who can lead us in the proper place. The whole prayer focuses on Him.
We saw, for example, "Our father who art in heaven – " that's God's paternity " – Hallowed be they name – " that's God's priority " – thy kingdom come –" God's program "- thy will be done – " God's plan " – Give us this day our daily bread – " God's provision " – forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors – " God's pardon " – Lead us not into temptation but deliver us from evil – " God's protection, and finally God's preeminence " – for thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory for ever. Amen." So that prayer then is primarily an act of worship. It is an engagement in the process of sanctification. Prayer is not to change God. Prayer is to change us. That is so important, so very important.
Now for our study this morning we come again to the petition, "Thy will be done in earth as it is in heaven." This is the fourth state of the third petition. The first petition, " – hallowed be thy name – " the second petition "- thy kingdom come – " and the third " – thy will be done in earth as it is in heaven." This is essentially beloved that in our prayers the bottom line is God's will be done. We never desire to usurp His will. We never desire to change His will, to force His will to be conformed to some thought of ours.
Amy Carmichael said, "And shall I pray to change thy will, my Father, until it be according to mine? But no, Lord, no that shall never be rather I pray thee blend my human will with thine." She was right. Prayer is not to bend God to my will but to bend my will to God. So hallowed be thy name, they kingdom come, thy will be done.
His will is already done in heaven, isn't it? The angels do His will. In fact this week I had the interesting thought, "I think I'll look at my Bible and see how the angels do God's will," because if we're going to know how it's to be done on earth we need to know how it's done in heaven. Without going into all of the verses because that would be a series in itself I came up with about eight words that I see as the way the angels do the will of God.
First of all, without wavering or unwaveringly there's never a discussion. It's not the way it is on earth necessarily. The Lord prods and pokes and maybe we get moving sooner or later but in heaven it's an unwavering commitment to do His will. Another word that characterized the angels doing God's will is completely. Completely. There are no other alternatives. There are no gaps. There are no omissions.
Another word that I found was sincerely. They are eager. They seem to be standing, waiting for the next command so that they can hurry to accomplish whatever it is. I guess that brought me to the word willingly. You know how many wills there are in heaven? One. Thy will be done in earth as it is where? In heaven. There's only one. There were two once but that second one got kicked out. There's only one. So the angels do it willingly because it's the only will there is.
I believe another word that characterize the way the angels function is fervently. They are very aggressive in doing God's will. Then the word readily and then the word swiftly and then the word constantly. I guess it could all be summed up in Psalm 103 verse 20 which says, "Ye his angels that do his commandments." "Thy will be done in earth as it is in heaven," means that in earth it should be done without wavering, completely, sincerely, willingly, fervently, readily, swiftly and constantly. That's the way the angels do it in heaven.
You say, "That's well and good. I'm committed to that." But what does that mean? What does it really mean? Well it means as we saw last time that the bottom line in your heart is that God's causes are the thing that concern you. Let me give you a little statement you might kind of underline in your thinking. I think it's a key statement. The death of self is the beginning of a true prayer life. The death of self is the beginning of a true prayer life. Only when self dies does true prayer begin because when self is alive self will dominate and that is not prayer.
True prayer is dominated by His name, His kingdom and His will, not ours. Thus did David say, "I delight to do thy will, o my God," and thus did Jesus say, "My food is to do the will of him that sent me." His name, His kingdom, His will to be done in earth as in heaven." His name is hallowed in heaven. His kingdom is come in heaven. He rules supreme but not on the earth. His will is done in heaven and so should it be done here.
Last week we looked at the negative aspect of this. To say in your prayer, "Thy will be done," has a negative connotation and I pointed out three things that it does not mean. Number one, it doesn't mean bitter resentment. It doesn't mean that you say, "Oh your will be done. I can't fight it. You're too big. I give up." As if God was sort of a cosmic killjoy goes around saying, "There's one having fun; get him." That God is committed to raining on everybody's parade, bitter resentment that the inevitable, fate is going to take over anyway.
Secondly to say, "Thy will be done," does not mean passive resignation. That's the sort of indifference that says, "Well whatever will be will be." There used to be a song called Que Sera Sera, whatever will be will be. It's the way it is. Can't fight it. Passive resignation. I think bitter resentment is based on a lack of knowledge. I think passive resignation is built on a lack of faith. You don't really believe God can change things or will do what you ask Him if according to His will.
Thirdly, the negative that sometimes creeps into that is what I called theological reservation. Some people just say, "Thy will be done," and they file it in their theological box. Listen; if your theology has caused the elimination of your persistence in prayer you've got a bad theology. I had a fellow say to me one time, "Well I really believe that even your sin is God's will. God is actually involved in causing you to sin after all He's sovereign." He had such a dominant view of the sovereignty of God that he had God responsible for everything in a direct sense.
Theological reservation has sucked the life out of a lot of prayer. If you've come to the place where your theology and your perspective on God has brought you to a point of indifference in prayer then your theology isn't Biblical. Now granted God is sovereign and how your prayer life fits into that is a very difficult mystery that I can't explain but the issue is obedience and that's got to be part of your theology too and persistence as our dear Lord prayed three times in the Garden persistently calling out to God. And as he gave illustration of those who came and prayed with persistence so are we to pray that way.
So negatively we don't say, "Thy will be done," with bitter resentment. We don't say it with passive resignation and we don't say it with some kind of theological reservation that just sort of categorizes everything in that area. In fact I think we closed last time by saying when we say, "Thy will be done," that that kind of a prayer has at its very heart really an attitude of rebellion, doesn't it? When we say, "Thy will be done," we're not just falling over dead like Jesus said in Luke 18:1. We ought to pray at all times and not faint. We're not just fainting under that. We are resisting some things. We are rebelling against the world and its fallenness.
We are saying, "Your will is not being done in this world. Satan has too much power here. Your will is not being done in the hearts of men. They are turning their back on You. Your will is not being done in my life and the life of other believers who are living in disobedience and we are rebelling against the world and its fallenness. We are rebelling against the rejection of Christ. We are rebelling against the disobedience of believers."
David Wells said and I think it's well spoken, "To come to an acceptance of life as it is, to accept it on its own terms which means acknowledging the inevitability of the way it works is to surrender a Christian view of God." God doesn't accept it the way it is or He wouldn't be busy changing it. He wouldn't say that He came into the world to destroy him who had the power of death if he wanted to tolerate death. He wouldn't make a millennium in which there was the absence of disease if he wanted to tolerate disease. He wouldn't wipe out every tear in eternity if he wanted to tolerate sorrow.
No, we will not accept things the way they are. When we say, "Thy will be done," we rebel against the world and all its fallenness and the sorrow and the sin and the disease and all the things that come as a result of sin. I told you last week that these are not the specific will of God although He has permitted them to happen in order that sin might run its course in those who desire to see it fulfilled. But that's not the expression of His loving will for man. "Thy will be done," does not accept what is.
I think the classic illustration of this is Jesus. Jesus didn't come into the world and say when he went into the temple in John 2. Zacharias said he'd come suddenly to his temple and when he came to the temple at the beginning of his ministry he go in and say, "Well look what's going on; well it's the will of God, it's the will of God," and walk away. He rebelled. Everything inside of him rebelled. He was indignant. He was furious. He was angry with a righteous wrath. He made a whip. He started flipping over tables. He started chasing people out. He started lashing at people. He not only did it once in his life but he did it twice. They got out of there fast. They were in there to make money and if they left it without any, imagine the fury that Jesus unleashed.
Why? Because he wouldn't accept the status quo, because he wouldn't tolerate the way it is. He wouldn't tolerate the way it is in sorrow and sin and sickness either. That's why he died. That's why he healed people. That's why he raised the dead to stop the tears and to bring himself glory. He didn't accept the world the way it was and neither should you and neither should I. Our prayers should be, "Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven."
Now Jesus was no fatalist even though he knew the end from the beginning. That amazes me. It amazes me. That's something of the tension that I hold in my own mind that Jesus knew the end from the beginning and yet never accepted the status quo. When it was the manifestation of sin he fought it. He never resigned to it. He sought God's will.
I have to believe that when he went and communed with the Father night after night in the Garden he really believed it would do some good. He really believed there was some benefit. I think we get so comfortable in our society because the status quo as it is is pretty comfortable for us. Right? Now it's getting less comfortable in America and it may get less and less comfortable. But for a long time we have been so comfortable and I think in many cases that has really had a tremendous, dramatic effect on the Church's prayer life.
About 25 Korean pastors walked in the lobby of the office building the other day and I was coming back from teaching a preaching class at the seminary. I walked in and here were these 25 or so Korean pastors all sitting there. The man walked up to me, "Mr. Koe" and he says, "We want to speak with you." I was kind of surprised. They want me to come to Korea to do a pastors conference over there. But they said, "We want to ask you questions." I said, "Okay, go ahead."
So he stood by me and they said to me, "How you make church big?" I said, "I don't make church big." I explained to them that we believe in just teaching the Word of God and not promoting things and we let God grow His own church. I told him a reporter said to me one time, "Don't you have a great desire to build the Church?" I said, "No I don't because Christ said he'd build the Church and I'd rather not compete with him." So we're part of what he's doing. See? They would all, "Oh yeah, oh. Amen, amen." They like that.
So then they said to me, "How many hour you study?" I said, "Well I study," and I gave them this hours every day, four, five, six hours a day studying the Word of God. Then one mentioned to me, "Your people study?" I said, "Well I hope they study." Then one man said to me, "How many hour you pray every day?" Got me. See? "Your people, they pray many hour?" I said, "We have a sickness in America. It's called comfort."
The people in Korea have gone through a lot with the encroachment of communism, with the terrible disasters that came when other nations came in and killed them and slaughtered Christians. I told you the story of one man who told me the Japanese came and cut off the thumbs of his father who was a leader in the Church. But you see they've been put in a place where they were forced to pray. I kind of feel we've gotten so far away from that in our own culture that sometimes I pray for things that will come upon us to drive us to that place not because I feel God needs us to pray but because I feel we need to be more dependent on Him.
I was thinking about this and I mentioned it to you last week but I was thinking, "Why do we pray so little for the Church?" Grace Church has problems. We've been through a lot of things lately too, a lot of heartache. We have problems. It seems to me that we don't really pray as we should for the Church. Somebody might say, "Well what we need" – people have said this, "We need a prayer seminar." I say, "It isn't bad technique."
It isn't technique. We say, "Well we need to teach them what the Bible says." I don't even think it's that. I think we know what the Bible says. "Well people have weak wills." No, because they really get turned on about some things. "Well it's a lack of concern." Well I don't even think that. You know what I think the bottom line is? I think we don't pray enough because we don't really believe it matters. I don't think we think it'll make a difference anyway.
The point is it's because we perceive it as making a difference in our circumstances rather than making a difference in us. See? Prayer is not to change my circumstances nearly so much as it is to change how I relate to them. In my prayers I draw nigh to God and then worship to him as I say, "Hallowed be they name. Thy kingdom come, thy will be done."
I am drawn into conformity to His blessed person and then no matter what my circumstances are they become different because I bring different attitudes to them. I do believe that even beyond that God does change circumstances. I've prayed for people and they've been saved. Have you had that experience? God not only chooses those to be saved but He chooses the methods that He uses. Sometimes we're part of that method.
James 5:16 says, "The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much." Listen, impotence in prayer leads us however unwillingly to strike a truce with what is wrong. We have lost our anger. We've lost our passion. We've lost our indignation. We don't storm the throne of God as Beiderwolf used to say, "God loves to have a hero come with a heroic faith." We don't storm the gates. So we saw last time that prayer must be rebellion.
Now when we say, "Thy will be done," in a positive sense what do we mean? We talked about the negative last time. What about the positive? What are we really saying when we say, "Thy will be done"? Let me share with you that there are three distinguishing terms of God's will that I think will help you to understand this. When you say, "Thy will be done," what are you saying? Number one is what I call God's will of purpose, God's will of purpose. By the way, these are my terms and I just tried to find some handles that you could get a hold of to see some distinctions. Because when we say God's will it such a big blanket and then people say, "Well His permissive will and His directive will and this and this and this." Let's see if we can get some terms to get a handle on what we mean.
Number one is God's will of purpose. I like to use biblical words, God's will of purpose. Now by this I mean the vastness of God's all inclusive, comprehensive, tolerating will. This is the consummation of everything. This is the will that absolutely embodies all of the earth, all of heaven, all of hell and in all of this His will is being done. In other words, in this massive concept of His will of purpose is encompass the allowing of sin and sin running its course, the consummation of the ages, the establishing of the kingdom, the eternal state and everything encompassed from heaven to hell and everything in between. This massive comprehension of God's will of purpose.
For example, Jeremiah 51:29 says, "For every purpose of the Lord shall be performed." There's no question that this is being done. There's no question that the plan of the ages is on its track. There's no question that God is working out His ultimate purposes.
For example, in Isaiah chapter 14 there are some verse that are just very, very essential verses in understanding the concept of God's will. In Isaiah 14 verse 24 it says, "The Lord of hosts hath sworn saying, 'Surely'" – here it comes, now watch this; it's loaded with rich, theological meaning. "Surely, as I have thought, so shall it come to pass, and as I have purposed, so shall it stand." When God thinks a thought something is going to happen. When God purposes it'll come to pass.
Verse 26, "This is the purpose that is purposed upon the whole earth: and this is the hand that is stretched out upon all the nations. For the Lord of Hosts hath purposed, and who shall annul it?" In other words, God has these massive purposes that are coming to pass, that do happen. For example, it is not God's directive will for people to be ill but it is within His purpose to allow that illness to accomplish His own ends. It is not God's directive will that death enter the human stream and people die but it is within His comprehensive purpose that He use death for His own end and His own glory. This is the broadest term, God's will or purpose.
We know that all things work together for good to them that love God and are called according to His what? Purpose. In other words though, God doesn't will evil. God takes the things that happen in our lives, puts them together for good because that's His purpose. It's the all encompassing concept. In Ephesians chapter 1 verse 9 I want you to think with me now because this is going to help you to have some categories. In Ephesians 1:9, "Having made known unto us the mystery of his will, according to his good purpose which he purposeth in himself."
In other words, here he's talking about salvation, the incredible forgiveness, redemption which is a part of God's great, encompassing purpose. Then he goes on to talk about the Jew and the Gentile being one, the dispensation of the fullness of time, gathering in all together in one in Christ, in heaven and earth which is, "according to the purpose of him who works all things after the council of his own will." God's great purpose for a redeemed people, for a unified church, for a body of saints for eternity. That's His purpose. So it refers to the eternal plan. Keep that in mind, God's will of purpose.
Now you say, "John, do we pray in regard to this, 'Thy will be done'?" Yes. "How?" Let me give you an illustration. In Revelation 22 verse 7 Jesus says, "Behold I come quickly." Verse 12 Jesus says, "Behold I come quickly." Verse 20 Jesus says, "Behold I come quickly." Now that's His purpose. That's the consummation of His eternal plan.
You know what John's response is in the final verse? "Even so – " what " – come Lord Jesus." How do we pray in accord with His will of purpose? By joyously getting involved in the anticipation of the accomplishment of His own divine ends. See? That's a great way to pray. "Oh Lord, I know someday you're going to call out your church and you're going to bring back Jesus Christ to take us to be with him. May it be, Lord. May it be." It's going to happen. It's inevitable. He thought it, He purposed it, it's in the plan, it'll happen. Yet we pray about it in the sense that we join in a joyous anticipation of that great hour.
Do you ever get tired of living in the flesh? Do you ever get tired of the physical body? Do you ever get tired of the anxiety of this world? Don't you ever long in your heart for the day when you know the freedom of the sons of God, when you're like Christ and you can dwell in eternal glory with Him free from all the things that this earth brings upon us? I do. So sometimes my prayer will say, "Lord, I know you're going to do it and I just want to let you know you get my vote. Go ahead. Do it. The sooner the better." That's praying according to the will of purpose.
Secondly, God has a will which I'll call the will of desire, His will of desire. Now rather than an all encompassing plan we're narrowing down to a heart's desire, a heart's desire. You're like that. You have an overall plan. You know, you work out a plan for your life and a career and you plot it all and you chart it all and you have a – and then it narrows down to those personal desires that you have within that. Not everything that happens in your life is a personal desire but somehow you try to fit it into the plan so you stay on track. So it is with God. He has a will of desire.
You know something? This is not always done. At this point God is in some sense unfulfilled. I hate to use that term because it's such a human term and it isn't really true of God but we're trying to use an anthropomorphic statement to give you an understanding. In other words, there are things that God wills that just don't seem to happen. They're His desires but men reject them.
For example, Jesus desired that Jerusalem be saved. In Matthew and in Luke 13:34 he said, "Jerusalem, Jerusalem I want to gather you," but you won't. And in John 5:40 he said, "You will not come to me that you might have life," and Jesus wept. He wept. Back in Jeremiah chapter 13 you know God says, "I'm going to judge you and when I have to judge you mine eye will run down with tears."
You see God desires – according to Peter it says He is not willing that any should perish but that all should come to repentance. God our savior who will have all men to be saved and come to the knowledge of the truth. I believe it is the heart's desire of God and yet there are going to be many there who say, "Lord, Lord," and he says, "Depart from me. I never knew you." I believe He desires all to be saved but I don't believe all will be.
That's the mystery folks of how you have an absolutely sovereign God and yet you have volition. I don't understand how that comes together. I believe that God's desire is that people be saved. I believe Jesus even wept over people that he knew would never be redeemed else why would he weep. His tears show his desire. So he has a will of desire.
There's a third will. I call it the will of command, the will of command. I believe this is related to Christians. I believe the will of purpose is related to the whole universe and takes in everything and that's where you have the trials and the suffering and the sorrows and the sicknesses all blended together and brought out to good ends for God's eternal purpose and in that big will but that encompasses the universe. Then I have the concept of His will of desire and I like to confine that to the unbelievers. I think the will of desire is that longing in the heart of God that the gospel be taken to the world. It's the will of desire.
Now you come to the will of command and I think that's for Christians because it doesn't do God any good at all to command unbelievers to do His will because they have no capacity. Right? The will of command, it is the ardent desire of the heart of God that we who are His children obey Him completely and immediately with a willing heart. So listen, beloved, when I say in my prayer, "Thy will be done," what am I saying?
I'm saying, "Oh God, fulfill your purpose in the world. Oh God, bring it to consummation. God, take every struggle and trial in my life, every pain and anxiety, every sorrow, every sickness, every death and somehow reverse those things that are the result of sin and fit them into Your eternal plan by Your infinite mind." When I say, "Thy will be done," I'm also saying, "Oh God, there's people in my life and people around this globe that don't know you. I pray that somehow the Gospel will penetrate their hearts." That's His will of desire.
Then thirdly I have to say, "Lord, about Your will of command I pray that I might be obedient," and I bring it right down to me. Remember I told you there were three ways to bring the kingdom? Number one was through conversion. "Thy kingdom come," when Christ comes into reign in a heart. Number two, commitment when a believer lives according to righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Spirit the kingdom comes into his life in fullness.
Thirdly, in his second coming the kingdom comes to earth. I see the same three things here. His will of purpose embraces the ultimate end, the coming again and the setting up of an eternal kingdom. His will of desire embraces conversion and His will of obedience embraces the idea of commitment in my life. As Peter said so well with John in Acts 5:29, "We ought to obey God rather than men." As Paul said in Romans 6, "Look, you've yielded yourselves servants to God now. You are to obey the one to whom you yield yourselves as servants." We are to be obedient.
In the magnificence in the 119th Psalm, "O God, make me to understand the way of thy percepts. I have chosen the way of faithfulness. I set thy ordinances before me. I will run in the way of thy commandments. Teach me, O Lord, the way of thy statutes. I will keep them till the end. I will find my delight in thy commandments. Thy statutes have been my songs. I will never forget they precepts for by them thou hast given me life. O how I love they law." The heart of obedience. So as we pray, "Thy will be done," we are embracing conversion, commitment and His coming again.
But you know it's hard to pray this way. Did you know that? It's hard to be preoccupied with God in your prayers and there's one basic reason. Because the major sin of the human heart is what? Pride. It was the first sin. Lucifer – Isaiah 14 says five times I will, I will, I will, I will, I will and that was the fall of Lucifer. For the first time in the history of God there were two wills. Two wills.
It is multiplied from there and now there are at least 4 billion on earth and still only 1 in heaven. It was one to one. Now it's 4 billion to 1. You know something? Only one of those wills is righteous. Every other one is corrupt. Every other one. That doesn't even include all the angelic fallen hosts. There's only one will and that will, beloved, is done in heaven and it needs to be done on earth. But pride always stands in the way. Always.
You say, "Well how do you deal with that? How do you get pride out of the way?" Well I guess you have to go to Romans 12, don't you? "I beseech you, therefore, by the mercies of God, that you present your bodies a living – " what " – sacrifice. Self-denial, humility. " - which is your reasonable service and be not conformed to this world but be transformed by the renewing of your mind that you might know what is the good and acceptable and perfect - " what " – will of God."
You see, until you lay your life on the altar, until you're a living sacrifice, until your will is dead God's will can't be manifest. You say, "What's a living sacrifice?" Well it's very different then what you might think. Take Abraham. Abraham took Isaac, strapped wood on his back, marched him up to Mount Mariah. All the way up the mountain Abraham must have been saying to himself, "This is very strange God. You've told me to go up there and slay my son on the altar and yet my son is eth fulfillment of Your covenant. You tell me to lie him down on an altar and kill him. It doesn't make sense."
But you know it's one of the greatest illustrations of a living sacrifice in the world because Abraham went all the way up there, put Isaac down, strapped him down, lifted the knife and was ready to plunge it into his heart. If he would have done that Isaac would have been a dead sacrifice but Abraham would have been a living one. Why? Because Abraham would have crucified all his own dreams, all his own hopes, all his own ambitions, all his own goals, all his own desires. He literally would have died to himself in obedience to God.
The question is not, "Can you die for Christ?" The question is, "Can you live selflessly for him?" That's the question. If you can then you can know His good will. So the thing that always stands in the way of praying for God's will is our own will. When you learn to pray like you should pray in conformity with His will you'll find you'll change dramatically.
Prayer then is a sanctifying grace. It changes us. We don't pray to manipulate God. We don't pray to get God to do what we want. We don't pray with incantations and public demonstration and vain repetition just to try to put on a show. We go into God's presence. We want to hallow His name and bring His kingdom and fulfill His will because in so doing we enter into conformity to His blessed person.
I guess I could summarize it all and say this; prayer is a means of progressive sanctification. John Hanna says this and it's great, "The end of prayer is not so much tangible answers as a deepening life of dependency." Isn't that great? That's it. All the answers will come but the dependency is the issue. "The call to prayer - " – he says " – is a call to love, submission and obedience. The avenue of sweet, intimate and intense fellowship of the soul with the infinite creator." So we are to pray, "Thy will be done in earth - " – and by the way, the earth is us. Right? Is us.
Can I illustrate that to you from Phillip Keller? Graphic illustration. He lived in Pakistan as a boy and I'll close with this but I want you to get it. It's powerful. Phillip Keller lived in Pakistan as a boy. He was reading in Jeremiah 18:2 and he came across a verse that said, "Arise and go down to the potter's house and there I will cause thee to hear my words." He got kind of curious about the potter and what lessons the potter had to teach.
So he went down to the potter's house in the city in which he lived. This is what he wrote. "In sincerity and earnestness I asked the old master craftsman to show me every step in the creation of a masterpiece. On his shelves were gleaming goblets and lovely vases and exquisite bowls of breathtaking beauty. Then crooking a bony finger toward me he led the way to a small, dark, closed shed at the back of his shop. When he opened its rickety door a repulsive, overpowering stench of decaying matter engulfed me.
"For a moment I stepped back from the edge of the gaping dark pit in the floor of the shed. 'This is where the work begins,' he said. Kneeling down beside the black, nauseating hole with his long, thin arm he reached down into the darkness. His slim, skilled fingers felt around amid the lumpy clay searching for a fragment of material exactly suited to his task. 'I add special kind of grass to the mud,' he remarked, 'and as it rots and decays its organic content increases the colloidal quality of the clay and then it sticks together better.'
"Finally his knowing hands brought up a lump of dark, smelly mud from the horrible pit where the clay had been trampled and mixed by his hard, bony feet. With tremendous impact the first verse of Psalm 40 came to my heart. 'He brought me up out a horrible pit out of the miry clay.' As carefully as the potter had selected the clay so God had selected me.
"Then the great slab of granite cut from the rough rock of the high Hindu Kush Mountains behind his home began to whirl quietly. It was operated by a very crude treadle like device that was moved by his feet very much like an antique sewing machine. As the stone gathered momentum I was taken to memory in Jeremiah 18:3, 'Then I went down to the potter's house and behold he wrought a work on the wheel.'
"What stood out most before my mind at this point was the fact that beside the potter's stool on either side of him stood two basins of water." Then he goes on to tell how that all the while that the wheel was turning with the clay he kept dipping his hands in the water and then he would mold the clay and then he would dip them in the water and mold the clay and never could he mold without the water because it would stick to his hands and it would ruin it. So his hands always had to be wet. And he said it was fascinating to see how swiftly but surely the clay responded to the pressure applied through those moistened hands. Silently, smoothing the form of a graceful goblet began to take shape between his hands.
The water was the medium through which the master craftsman's will and wishes were transmitted to the clay. His will was actually being done in earth through the water. Immediately he says, "I thought of the water of the Word which is God's agency for doing His will in earth. When God touches my life - " – he said " – he touches me with His Word. It is the water of the Word that expresses the will of the master and finds fulfillment in fashioning man into His choice."
Suddenly to his astonishment he noticed the wheel stop. Gently the man reached in and picked out a piece of stone and then he began to spin it again and stopped it again and reached again to pick out a larger piece of stone. You notice now that with the tenderness of his hand he could feel every rough spot, every stone, every small grain of sand. The two he had taken out were too large. The goblet was marred. So he reached to is and crushed it in his hands."
Keller said to him, "Oh that's sad. What will happen to that?" "Oh - " – he said " – I'll make it into a common finger bowl." He said, "It'll never be a goblet?" He said, "No, it's too scarred." "And I thought again of Jeremiah 18:4 – " says Keller " – and the vessel that he made of clay was marred in the hand of the potter. Seldom - " – says he " – did any lesson come home to me with such tremendous clarity and force. Why was this rare and beautiful masterpiece ruined in the master's hands? Because he ran into resistance. It was a thunderclap bursting in my mind.
"Why is my Father's will, His intention to turn out truly beautiful people brought to naught again and again? Because of our resistance, because of our hardness. Despite His best efforts and endless patience with us besides the water of the Word applied to us we end up nothing but a finger bowl.
"The sobering, searching, searing question I had to ask myself in the humble surroundings of that simple potter's shed was this, 'Am I going to be a piece of fine china or a finger bowl? Is my life going to be a gorgeous goblet fit to hold the fine wine of God's very life from which others can drink and be refreshed or am I going to be a crude finger bowl in which passersby will simply dabble their fingers briefly then pass on and forget about it?' I was one of the most solemn moments of all my life and I prayed, 'Father, thy will be done in earth, in clay, in me as it is in heaven.'"
What about you? Keller goes on to tell that when the potter finishes his work while it's still spinning he takes a long thread and he just pulls it through the bottom and it cuts it. And he says, "I thought of being separated unto good works." Then the potter takes it and places it in an oven and through hardship it's finally finished.
Beloved God wants to do His will in you. God wants to make you into that beautiful goblet but because you resist you're a finger bowl. Instead of being used for the fine wine of God's great purposes you are something people dabble their fingers in and pass by. The key thing is are you willing to let him do his will in the clay of earth as it is done in heaven? That's the heart of your prayers. Let's pray.
Father, You have been good to us through all our lives since we have known Christ. We have been the recipient of every good and gracious gift and this morning You have given another one, the privilege of worshiping You and sharing together in Your precious truth. May we accept this good gift and not misuse it. O God, drive us to the place of prayer that we may seek Your coming again, that we may seek conversion in the hearts of the lost, the fulfillment of Your will of purpose and will of desire and that we may fulfill Your will of obedience, Your will of command as we hear and obey Your precious word that we might be non-resistant to Your hands, to the water of the Word as they form us for Your use. Make us vessels fit for the Master's use. In Christ's name, amen.
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[WARNING: The following story contains major spoilers from Sunday's episode of Boardwalk Empire. Read at your own risk.] A high body count is to be expected at this point on HBO's mob drama Boardwalk Empire. But Sunday's episode featured a heartbreaking death that was probably harder to predict....
[WARNING: The following story contains major spoilers from Sunday's episode of Boardwalk Empire. Read at your own risk.]
A high body count is to be expected at this point on HBO's mob drama Boardwalk Empire. But Sunday's episode featured a heartbreaking death that was probably harder to predict.
HBO renews Boardwalk Empire for Season 5
After asking Nucky (Steve Buscemi) for more responsibility this season, Nucky's assistant/chauffeur Eddie Kessler (Anthony Laciura) learned the hard way that ambition can be dangerous in the world of gangsters. In the previous episode, Eddie delivered a bag of money to Ralph Capone (Domenick Lombardozzi). After the two men spent a night drinking, Eddie was apprehended by eager Bureau of Investigation Agent Knox (Brian Geraghty), who's trying to prove that organized crime is real.
On Sunday's episode, Knox uses Eddie's checkered past in Germany to force Eddie to confess that he was delivering the money on Nucky's orders. Wracked with guilt over betraying his boss, Eddie returned home, where he threw himself to his death from his bedroom window. "It was really a big and difficult decision," creatorTerrence Winter tells TVGuide.com. "We loved the character, we loved the actor. It's sort of like a chess game: You give up one of your big pieces to win the game — winning the game being making this a very powerful, poignant season of our show. Eddie was somebody whose [death] would have a tremendous impact on things as we move forward."
TVGuide.com chatted with Laciura, who was mostly known as an opera singer before Boardwalk, about saying goodbye to his character.
Boardwalk Empire: Is a new "king" coming to Atlantic City?
When did you get the news that Eddie was going to be killed off?
Anthony Laciura: After we started filming Episode 4, it was explained to me that Eddie wasn't going to make it. It was on a Wednesday, and it was 11:17. [Laughs]. ... And before the phone call, I had a suspicion. When Terry did call, I said, "I don't want you to feel bad, Terry because I don't. I saw what was happening." It's very difficult for the producer to do that. I can't imagine anyone going into any series [without thinking] that at some point, you're not going to be in the series any longer. If you can make it to the end, that's terrific. But man, what a run. I've had such a great run.
This season was all about Eddie seeking out more responsibility. What drove him in that direction?
Laciura: It stemmed from the end of the third season. He realizes, "Jesus, I took a bullet for [Nucky]. I bring women to him. I feed him. I take care of him when he's sick. I do everything." ... [Eddie] is somewhat of a father figure, but at the same time still taken for granted. And I think at this point, Eddie just says, "You know, I would like a little bit more responsibility. I would like a raise. I would like to do more than just folding socks and making sure you have whiskey in the decanter."
In the previous episode, Nucky gave Eddie his first real assignment: delivering money to Ralph Capone. Do you think it's what Eddie had in mind?
Laciura: In his mind, he's fulfilling what he dreamed of. He has been given more responsibility, and he takes that very, very seriously and is extremely proud. We see that when Nucky gives him the money. He turns around and walks out with that smile like, "A-ha. I am important now. I'm not just a servant. I am important."
Boardwalk Empire: Can Nucky walk away from being a gangster?
Why do you think he takes Ralph out on the town instead of just sending him on his way?
Laciura: Well, you see in his face: "I can't just leave him here. I guess I should take him." Any other pick-up guy would say, "Go on your own way. I don't care whether you eat or not." But Eddie, because he's always been serving and taking care of people, "Well, I'll take care of this guy too."
Of course, after that night out with Ralph, Eddie is taken by Agent Knox. Do you think Eddie wishes he hadn't been so accommodating?
Laciura: No, no, no. Not Eddie. He was given a chore to do. He did it and he saw it through, regardless of the outcome. Eddie [comes] from Germany, and the Germans are very particular and they do exactly what they're supposed to do. They follow orders... because there's pride in that.
Eddie obviously had some secrets back in Germany that Knox uses against him during the interrogation.
Laciura: Whatever indiscretions Eddie had while he was in Germany, it was more severe for Eddie than anyone else looking in. He flirted or maybe had an affair with a woman. He helped smuggle money. Whatever it was, they discovered that little flaw, and that's what they use.
Is Eddie more afraid of being deported and arrested for those crimes or of facing his family, which he abandoned?
Laciura: His wife has died, and he is somewhat estranged from his sons. They have wonderful positions. He doesn't want to infringe on their big positions, because he knows he does not have a big position. But he has to be told by Knox that he is a grandfather. They're beating up an old man. Can you be more evil than that? But that's not as bad as when he tells him about the kids. That's when everything breaks down.
Fall Preview: Get scoop on your returning favorites
What Eddie tells Knox isn't in and of itself a huge revelation. Why does Eddie take that betrayal so hard?
Laciura: I felt, coming from the third season, that what was building was this protection as a father protects his son. ... I think he started to take care for Nucky in that fashion. For 11 years, he's done everything and protected him as if he were his son. And then all of a sudden he has to say, "Because Nucky told me to do this." That's it. The poor old man loses it.
What is Eddie thinking when he leaves the interrogation?
Laciura: In his mind, there is only one answer. You can't go explain it. You can't ask for forgiveness, which of course Nucky would have given him. But in the old man's mind, he only thought of one thing: "I have disgraced my family in Germany, and now I have disgraced my family in America. There is no other place to go."
So there was nothing that could have prevented him from committing suicide?
Laciura: I think he knew exactly what he was going to be forced to do. But if you notice... there was that moment between Nucky and Eddie where... it looked like he was just thinking, waiting to say something. [But] then [Nucky] said, "And look at these socks." What does Eddie do before he kills himself? He goes and folds the socks.
A servant to the end.
Laciura: To the end. That's the point. He's going to do his job until death. And he says in Episode 3, "I am here. You are my life. I live to serve you, to protect you. Other people, these other men, they could care less. They don't understand loyalty, what that really means."
Meet the cast: Boardwalk Empire's fresh faces for Season 4
Do you think Eddie was thinking about Nucky in those final moments?
Laciura: I believe that Eddie felt that this would relieve Nucky of any and all questions they were ever going to ask. ... By eliminating himself, he will have eliminated all the other problems that would hang around Nucky.
So are you satisfied with where the character's journey ends?
Laciura: When you go back and see all that has led up to this, it really does make perfect sense. You fatten the turkey before the kill. I just wish it would have led up to it to the 12th episode, not the fifth. [Laughs] But it is what it is. I wasn't upset that it had to happen, because it's inevitable with anything. ... If you have to die,Howard Korder wrote for me a death scene I hope will never be forgotten. You think he's just finished shaving, he straightens his tie, he turns away from the mirror and walks right out the window. Boom.
And I'm sure his death will have significant impact on Nucky moving forward.
Laciura: What is going to happen to Nucky without Eddie? Who's he going to yell at? Who's going to take care of him? He's got two bodyguards, but they couldn't do what Eddie did. Nobody could do what Eddie did. [Laughs].
Boardwalk Empire airs Sundays at 9/8c on HBO. What did you think of Eddie's death?

subset: commoncrawl


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Stanford, CA — A startling discovery by scientists at the Carnegie Institution puts a new twist on photosynthesis, arguably the most important biological process on Earth. Photosynthesis by plants, algae, and some bacteria supports nearly all living things by producing food from sunlight, and in the process these organisms release oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. But two studies by Arthur Grossman and colleagues*+ reported in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta and Limnology and Oceanography suggest that certain marine microorganisms have evolved a way to break the rules—they get a significant proportion of their energy without a net release of oxygen or uptake of carbon dioxide. This discovery impacts not only scientists' basic understanding of photosynthesis, but importantly, it may also impact how microorganisms in the oceans affect rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Grossman's team investigated photosynthesis in a marine Synechococcus, a form of photosynthetic bacteria called cyanobacteria (formerly blue-green algae). These single-celled organisms dominate phytoplankton populations over much of the world's oceans and are important contributors to global primary productivity. Grossman and his colleagues wanted to understand how Synechococcus could thrive in the iron-poor waters that cover large areas of the ocean, since certain activities of normal photosynthesis require high levels of iron. While others had suggested a potential role of oxygen as accepting electrons from the photosynthetic apparatus in place of carbon dioxide, the studies by Grossman's group show that this activity is significant in the oligotrophic (nutrient-poor) oceans, which cover about half the ocean's area.
"It seems that Synechococcus in the oligotrophic oceans has solved the iron problem, at least in part, by short-circuiting the standard photosynthetic process," says Grossman. "Much of the time this organism bypasses stages in photosynthesis that require the most iron. As it turns out, these are also the stages in which carbon dioxide is taken from the atmosphere."
"We realized very quickly that there was something different about the Synechococcus that we were studying" says Shaun Bailey, the lead postdoctoral fellow working on this project. "The uptake of carbon dioxide and the photosynthetic activities didn't match, so we knew that something other than carbon dioxide was being consumed by photosynthesis, and it turned out to be oxygen." The researchers have tentatively identified the enzyme involved in this process to be plastoquinol terminal oxidase, or PTOX. They point out that this new process must be considered in understanding the net primary productivity attributed to open ocean ecosystems.
During normal photosynthesis, light energy splits water molecules. This releases oxygen and provides electrons which are then used to "fix" carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and manufacture energy-rich molecules, such as sugars. In the newly discovered process, a large proportion of these electrons are not used to fix carbon dioxide, but instead go to putting the water molecules back together, which results in much less net oxygen production.
"It might seem like the cells are just doing a futile light-driven water-to-water cycle," says Bailey. "But this is not really true since this novel cycle is also a way of using sunlight to produce energy, while protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from damage that can be caused by the absorption of light."
Capturing energy by a light-driven water-to-water cycle is critical since marine cyanobacteria are constantly using energy to acquire the meager supply of nutrients in their environment. Recently, this newly discovered phenomenon was shown to occur in nature by graduate student Kate Mackey, who made direct measurements of photosynthesis in field samples from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. "The low nutrient, low iron environments account for about half of the area of the world's oceans, so they represent a large portion of the Earth's surface available for photosynthesis," says Mackey. "Our findings show that this novel cycle occurs in two major ocean basins and suggest that a substantial amount of energy from sunlight gets re-routed away from carbon fixation during photosynthesis. This may mean that less carbon dioxide is being removed from the atmosphere by the open ocean photosynthetic organisms than was previously believed."
"This discovery represents a paradigm shift in our view of photosynthesis by organisms in the vast, nutrient-starved areas of the open ocean", says Joe Berry of the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology. "We had assumed that like higher plants, the goal was to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and store them for later use as a source of energy for any number of cellular functions or growth. We now know that some organisms short-circuit this complicated process, using light in a minimalist way to power cellular processes directly with a far simpler and cheaper (in terms of scarce nutrients such as iron) photosynthetic apparatus. We don't know the full significance of this finding yet, but it is certain to change the way we interpret optical measurements of photosynthetic pigments in the ocean and the way we model ocean productivity."
Wolf Frommer, director of the Carnegie Institution's Department of Plant Biology, agrees about the discovery's ground-breaking importance. "If we thought we have understood photosynthesis, this study proves that there is much to be learned about these basic physiological processes. The findings of Grossman's laboratory together with previous evidence reported by Greg Vanlerberghe from the University of Toronto showing that the gene encoding PTOX appears to be widespread in marine cyanobacteria will add depth and a mechanistic foundation for the modeling of primary productivity in the ocean."
*Authors: Shaun Bailey, Anastasios Melis, Katherine RM Mackey, Pierre Cardol, Giovanni Finazzi, Gert van Dijken, Gry M Berg, Kevin R Arrigo, Jeff Shrager, Arthur R Grossman.
+Authors: Katherine RM Mackey, Adina Paytan, Arthur R Grossman and Shaun Bailey


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USAID adviser challenges students to change world
The nexus of science and development has immense potential for solving international development's greatest challenges, and William & Mary students have the opportunity to be at the forefront of that movement. This was the appeal by Alex Dehgan, science and technology adviser to the administrator at U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), as he addressed W&M students and faculty on Feb. 11.
Dehgan discussed the difficulties the world faces due to rapidly increasing demands for food and energy, the detrimental effects of climate change, and emerging disease risks. He cautioned that globalization and technological connectivity mean that these challenges, which have traditionally disproportionately impacted developing nations, are now transnational issues affecting the global population.
He then turned his attention to how technological advances, increased connectivity, exponential growth in computing power, and the production of enormous amounts of data have laid the groundwork for innovations that can potentially solve these development challenges. Dehgan pointed to the vast possibilities for providing healthcare in remote areas of the world through inexpensive, compact devices and technologies such as cell phone microscopy and the use of SMS technology to map political crises to illustrate how we can leverage modern science and technology to meet the challenges of a modern, globalized world.
"Dr. Dehgan illustrated the how the development community can unleash the power of scientific innovation to improve our understanding of the most pressing development problems and to begin to identify solutions to these challenges," said Alena Stern '12, who is a project manager at W&M's AidData Center for Development Policy.
The USAID Office of Science and Technology recognizes the need for high-quality, spatial data to visualize and analyze the distribution and impact of these development interventions, and Dehgan remarked upon the tremendous value of the geospatial research AidData is conducting at William & Mary. AidData recently received a $25-million award to establish the AidData Center for Development Policy, one of seven university-based development labs that will be a part of the USAID Higher Education Solutions Network and are tasked with developing new science, technology, and engineering approaches to solve some of the world's most challenging development problems.
Deghan went on to suggest that a new approach is needed in higher education. Rather than compartmentalizing knowledge and research into academic departments, which inhibits cross-fertilization among scholars with different backgrounds, he proposes a problem-driven approach that will encourage scholars with different backgrounds to collaborate and address challenges like poverty, disease and climate change.
"The current model of higher education is medieval and risk-averse. The development labs (including the AidData Center for Development Policy) encourage universities to be open, creative, multidisciplinary and entrepreneurial," Dehgan said, stressing the importance of leveraging talents and technologies across disciplines, universities and countries. "We are able to admit we do not have all the answers, but we are incentivizing new technologies and forcing the agency to think what the problems are."
He also challenged undergraduate students not to leave the problem solving to their professors but to think innovatively themselves. He noted that one of the most exciting innovations in global development, Gram Power -- which uses smart microgrid technology to provide power to places where electricity was previously unavailable, prohibitively expensive or frequently interrupted -- was developed by undergraduates.
Alex Miller '13 admired the way Dehgan looked to NASA's Curiosity Rover and the difficulties with landing in the Martian atmosphere as a model for USAID and university collaboration.
"You would expect a NASA scientist to come up with the solution, but a Caltech student developed it," Miller said. "So (Dehgan) thought if USAID can do that with other U.S. institutions then the partnership between AidData and USAID can accomplish the same thing."
Dehgan concluded his address by issuing a challenge.
"Dare mighty things," he said, and charged the faculty and students to look beyond structured curriculums to interdisciplinary studies and online sources of open knowledge.
Throughout the day, Dehgan met with representatives from AidData including several groups of undergraduate research assistants who delivered presentations on recent geocoding initiatives and the student-led Media Based Data Collection Project on Chinese aid to sub-Saharan Africa.
This lecture was co-sponsored by the Institute for the Theory and Practice of International Relations and AidData Center for Development Policy.


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In her 60 years on the throne there have been no wardrobe malfunctions, nor fashion faux pas. So what is the secret to the Queen's impeccable style?
BY Jane Eastoe | 01 April 2012
The often-repeated assertion that the Queen isn't interested in clothes was first fostered by Marion Crawford, governess to both Elizabeth and Margaret. In her book, The Little Princesses, she observes that Princess Elizabeth was not picky about her clothes: 'Lilibet never cared a fig. She wore what she was told without argument, apart from a long, drab mackintosh which she loathed.' Others maintain that the Queen is at heart one of the old school, a countrywoman who does not care about her appearance.
IN PICS: Queen Elizabeth II's colourful style
But this is a myth that should be dispelled. 'The Queen is not interested in high fashion,' observes one couturier, 'but she is very interested in her clothes and is very particular. Her Majesty is acutely aware of how invasive the press are - her clothes are part of her armour. And, after a whole lifetime of wearing couture, she knows exactly what she is doing and makes it perfectly clear when things aren't quite right.'
To describe the Queen's wardrobe as expansive, and the task of her dressers as considerable, is something of an understatement; consider that on her first Commonwealth tour in 1953 the Queen took more than 100 specially made new outfits. There have been in excess of 170 Commonwealth visits since then, as well as many State visits. Yet she has worn hand-me-downs, during the war she had her mother's clothes altered to fit her, and she has worn off-the-peg outfits. But principally she has worn couture: that is, clothes designed for her, fitted precisely and in her own choice of fabric.
In a lavender dress and duster coat in India, 1961, GETTY IMAGES; left: Hardy Amies' outfit for the 1955 Remembrance Service at the Albert Hall. COURTESY OF THE HARDY AIMES ARCHIVE.
At the start of her reign she favoured fairytale ball-gowns, or stiff satin frocks, shimmering with beads in patterns designed to emphasise her status. Norman Hartnell, a master with duchesse satin, created two of her most iconic dresses: her wedding dress and her Coronation gown. He specialised in fabulous evening-gowns. His first design for her was in 1935 and he continued until his death in 1979.
Hardy Amies started designing for the Queen in the early 1950s and continued until a year before his death in 2003. While he made many beautiful evening-gowns, he was credited with transforming her day wardrobe with sharp, tailored coats, dresses and jackets. 'I think Hardy always saw her as the beautiful young woman he started dressing in 1952,' notes a former colleague of his, 'and of course she had an amazing figure and a tiny waist for years.'
As a baby and toddler Princess Elizabeth was dressed exclusively in the most impractical colour - white - but as she grew up these frilly dresses were replaced with more practical garments. Despite the four years difference in their ages, when Princess Margaret was taken out of her baby whites the two princesses were dressed identically: hand-smocked and pin-tucked dresses, and velvet-collared coats for best, sensible sweaters and kilts for play. They both hated wearing hats and would snap the elastic under each other's chins to cries of 'you brute'.
As a teenager Lilibet's clothes were made by Miss Ford of Handley Seymour, who also made Queen Mary's clothes. Norman Hartnell, who was to be commissioned to create Princess Elizabeth's wedding dress, was already a favourite with both her mother and her grandmother. The simple cream dress that Elizabeth wore for her official engagement photographs could easily have belonged to her mother, so similar was the style. But fashion in the postwar days was austere, and it was a look that was to dominate until the launch of Dior's New Look in Paris in 1947.
Motherhood brought a distinct change in Princess Elizabeth's wardrobe; for the first time she stopped dressing like a mirror-image of her mother, choosing much more distinctive tailored, full-skirted suits, which emphasised her tiny waist. She dressed like some other mothers of the period in neat suits, complemented with one or two pieces of good jewellery, although perhaps her suits were rather better tailored, and her good jewellery infinitely better than most. It is perhaps at this time that the Duke of Edinburgh's young wife was at her most fashionable. In 1953 Norman Hartnell designed an elegant, slim-fitting, satin dress in black, with a white panel at the front. Nicknamed the 'magpie' dress by the press, it featured in most of the national papers and copies were made and on sale by the next day.
Left: The Queen in a gold dress in India 1961, GETTY IMAGES; right: An Amies design for a gown for the Canadian tour of 1959, COURTESY OF THE HARDY AMIES ARCHIVE
It was available in black and white, but also in a variety of colours, and within just a few days an impressive 120 copies had been sold. It was even turned into a paper pattern that cost the equivalent of 30p. Her Majesty never wore it again. She was also partial to Horrockses printed cotton dresses and whenever she was photographed in one the company would be swamped with orders.
Over the same period Princess Elizabeth also received the first criticism of her clothes. While sporting a temporarily fuller figure, as many new mothers do, she was accused by the American press of being frumpish and the French press maintained that Englishwomen could look pretty but never chic.
The Queen requires more clothes in a year than most of us do in a lifetime. Four or five changes per day are not unusual. When new clothes are required her dresser simply telephones the couturier of choice and puts in a request for designs. Further information as to precisely what functions the clothes are needed for may not be forthcoming. This practice of either supplying, or withholding, relevant detail seems dependent upon the dresser in charge.
Her faithful dresser Bobo used to brief designers, but in other instances they were left to work in the dark. 'We would receive a call from the dresser to say that the Queen would like to see some sketches - and that would be it, no more information,' observes one couturier. 'We would speak to our PR and he would contact the palace press office; they in turn would speak to the ladies-in-waiting and try to glean what was going on. Was a tour planned and if so where and what time of year? For a designer it was so frustrating, you felt you could never do your best - it would have been so much better to have been given a brief, but we were never given one.'
Fittings are a daunting process and most couturiers and milliners confirm that the first visit is terrifying. The hatmaker Frederick Fox explains that he was carefully briefed by Hardy Amies in advance: 'Don't touch the Queen, don't ask questions and don't turn your back,' he was instructed. Come the day, 'the Queen was standing at the end of a long room. I advanced, did my chat and my thing. When it was time to depart I was rooted to the spot. I thought that if I walked backwards I would fall over the furniture or one of the corgis. Her Majesty spotted my dilemma and turned her back on me to ask Bobo to fetch some specific shoes - giving me the opportunity to withdraw.'
Bobo, described in her obituary in The Guardian in September 1993 as 'the scourge of milliners and couturiers', curtailed the influence of designers, ensuring that no single couture house could exert a monopoly. She made it clear that, while they designed the dresses, accessories - shoes, handbags and hats - were commissioned elsewhere. Hardy Amies complained bitterly about ugly handbags, stating plainly that they were ruining his beautiful designs. He, along with other couturiers, adopted the practice of giving Her Majesty tastefully chosen handbags as Christmas presents in the hope they might be used.
Left: In a lemon two-piece, REX FEATURES; right: An Amies sketch for an outfit the Queen wore to make her first Christmas television broadcast, COURTESY OF THE HARDY AIMES ARCHIVE
The Queen's first foreign tour was a trip to South Africa and Rhodesia in 1947; until then she had not set foot outside the United Kingdom. Clothes rationing was still causing problems so Hartnell used some of her mother's prewar clothes as material for her dresses. Then, just four months after the Coronation, in November 1953, the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh embarked on a five-and-a-half-month tour of the Commonwealth. Charles and Anne were left behind. The trip included banquets, troop inspections, parliament openings and state occasions and required a huge wardrobe on which Norman Hartnell and Hardy Amies had been commissioned to work months in advance.
The daywear was chic and discreet, evening-dresses glittered with beads and embroidery. For the human touch there were even some Horrockses ready-to-wear dresses among the couture grandeur. The weather must always be a consideration when clothes are prepared for Royal tours. The Queen wrote to Amies regarding a planned trip to south-east Asia in 1972: 'I find every time I read a programme for the Far East Tour, I get hotter and hotter at the prospect of six weeks in that climate.' It has been confirmed that dessous-de-bras, detachable underarm dress shields to absorb perspiration, are used in the royal wardrobe when appropriate. Even so, last-minute changes of outfit still occur; flimsy dresses are replaced if a sudden downpour looks likely, or a tailored coat-suit abandoned in a heat wave.
It is perhaps reassuring to note that despite everything, the Queen, like the rest of us, is still affected by the weather.To this day the Queen remains the centre of attention wherever she goes and is subject to critical assessment every time she appears in public. The pressure of such scrutiny must be phenomenal, yet in 60 years she has not put a sartorial foot wrong; there has never been a wardrobe malfunction, at least none of which the public has been aware, nor a fashion faux pas. Her impeccable style, and resistance to excess, has ensured that her place as an icon is finally being recognised by fashion commentators.


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John Sayles is an edgy auteur--literally. His films are frequently "border films," taking him around the edges of the U.S.: New York and Jersey in The Brother from Another Planet and City of Hope, Alaska in Limbo, Mexico in Men With Guns, Texas in Lone Star, Louisiana in Passion Fish, and now Florida in Sunshine State. In these and other films, Sayles never fails to get the lay of the land before he begins to obsessively mine the human characters who reside there. Sunshine State, typically, betrays Sayles' sometimes overreaching ambition--as he tries to encapsulate myriad aspects of Floridian life and history--but what can I say? Overreaching ambition looks good on Sayles.
In an only occasionally slack 141 minutes, Sayles tells the story of about fifteen principal characters--and countless other peripheral ones--trafficking around Plantation Island. That name frames a story of Northern influence (largely economic) on the Southern state, the importance of the land itself, and the uneasy cohabitative divide that both binds and segregates the black and white communities there. Sayles places a pivotal woman (orbited by a group of characters related by blood, business, or pleasure) on each side of the divide, and each is as similar to the other as they are opposite. Edie Falco (The Sopranos) plays Marly Temple, who resignedly runs her father's motel as development vultures pressure her to arrange a sale of the property. Angela Bassett plays Desiree Perry, who arrives, uncomfortably, in town after a 25-year absence, only to find that the place, the people, and even the past, have changed from what she always thought she knew. Filling out the cast of dreamers, schemers, and depressives are Mary Steenburgen, Timothy Hutton, Jane Alexander, Ralph Waite, James McDaniel, Bill Cobbs, Gordon Clapp, and Tom Wright, among many others.
Sayles' breadth cannot help but impress, taking in the complex social and political forces working on the characters (described by Waite's character as tides too powerful to fight). Sayles is nothing if not pointed, with a "Buccaneer Days" theme week running through the better part of the film as modern-day pirates pillage Florida property from locals. This pointedness can be heavy-handed, punching up the issues dear to Sayles to match the weight of dramatic scenes that can play like Julliard course work. So, okay, Sayles is schematic, and he's didactic, but he's also fascinating and unique as a filmmaker who tells stories that insist on thought and challenge convention. He coaxes performances of grace, ease, and humor, and he crafts a beautiful frame for the film (anchored by wicked golfer Alan King) that alone makes the film a worthwhile tourist trap. More power to him.


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River trail by my office. |
Last September I started on a plan to work my way up to 10,000 steps a day (about 5 miles). I started at 5500 steps/day and added 500 steps a week. At first I could get there just by parking a bit further away at work and the daily workout at the gym. Then I added a daily walk during my lunch hour. I kept coming up short on the weekends and needed to do something a bit more than going to the gym Saturday mornings. So I started going on long walks around my neighborhood. I kind of hated them at first. It took so long and I could think of lots of things I'd rather be doing. But I kept at it. (Btw, I am now surpassing 10,000 steps almost every day!)
There was so much glare on my phone, I just aimed and hoped for the best. |
One Sunday morning I was out braving the cold. It had just snowed like mad so I took a photo mostly to pat myself on the back for being out there (see above). But it turned out pretty cool and I thought that would be a good little challenge: take one interesting photo per Sunday walk with my phone. The walks became a lot more exciting after that. I spent the time scoping out what I would use for my one photo. The idea has eventually expanded to my lunchtime walks and the newly added Saturday walks. I love it. I look forward to my daily walks, which amazes me because they were such a chore at first.
This walk prompted me to get some decent boots. |
Even going to California for the holidays did not stop the walks. Spring Lake flooding. |
More Spring Lake. |
Lunch walk by the office. |
No longer phased going out into this for a walk. I've got some awesome boots. |
Got myself an Olloclip. I love the Macro Lens. |
Yesterday I ventured beyond the neighborhood for the first time. Rock Canyon, Provo. |
So that was a long-winded ramble to basically say: enjoy these photos I take on my daily walks. :) Oh, and apologies for the occasional cat photo that pops up. But hey, that's what the internet is for, right?