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One Placement creates One Plant to Save the Planet (PPP)
As a member of the JAC Global Group, JAC Recruitment Indonesia takes part in tropical rainforest regeneration activities as part of our Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programme and as a larger commitment to improving the earth.
Through this "PPP Initiative" we commit to one donation covering the cost of planting one seedling in affected rainforest areas each time we make a successful candidate placement. This addresses a dual hope for the candidate's success in their new role as well as a hope to nurture the earth.
Seedlings are planted in Sarawak, Borneo (Malaysia), in the Apeng National Forest Reserve, one of the most deforested areas in the world, where we work in collaboration with the Japan Malaysia Association (JMA) "Orangutan no Mori Fund". This group aims not only to regenerate and preserve Malaysia's tropical rainforest, but also to save the natural habitat which includes orangutans inhabiting the forest.
We also work in Bali (Indonesia), where the 13th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 13) was held. Here, seedlings are planted on difficult terrain on rocks buried with volcanic ashes and collaborate with the NPO Asian Green Forest Network.
In addition to donations, we have also introduced staff volunteer programmes through which staff are able to participate in the actual planting of seedlings. Every summer, two groups from around JAC Recruitment Global Group are selected to visit Borneo and Bali where they can interact with the local community, learn about new technologies and methods for protecting and regenerating rainforest and actually plant seedlings in the remote areas with their own hands.
Our aim and hope is that each new tree will grow and establish itself as each of our candidates will grow in their new company.
JAC Recruitment is committed to tropical rainforest regeneration over the long term and from 2008 to 2017 have been able to "plant" more than 70,000 seedlings; our aim is to grow this number to over 10,000 seedlings per year.
Areas of Activity:
Bali, Indonesia (Penelokan Village, Kinatamani District)
Borneo, Malaysia (Apeng National Forest Reserve, Serian Division, Sarawak State)
In Cooperation With:
Japan Malaysia Association (Borneo)
NPO Asian Green Forest Network (Bali) - Japanese link


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Trigonometry Textbooks
Browse New & Used Trigonometry Textbooks
Trigonometry is a word with Greek origins, from 'trig?non' meaning triangle, and 'metron' meaning measure. The subject is much as the name suggests, a branch of the broader subject of mathematics that looks at the relationships between the lengths of the sides of triangles and the angles between the sides. It is a complex subject that can lead students to a great deal of careers options including surveying, astronomy and engineering. Whether you are struggling with sine, cosine, tangent or a hypotenuse, our great range of pre-owned and new trigonometry textbooks will help you solve the problem. We have an extensive range of cheap textbooks to buy or rent, including precalculus, algebra with trigonometry, precalculus graphical numerical algebraic, analytic trigonometry and graphical approach to algebra and trigonometry. Our textbooks are the cheapest you will find anywhere. Make sure you have the ISBN reference from your college tutor's recommended reading list to make sure you buy or rent the right text book. We buy back trigonometry text books so you can get some money back when you are finished with the books.

subset: commoncrawl


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Every year the Department of Education decides which items must be verified from your FAFSA during the Verification Process. You may be asked to provide proof of completing high school (copy of diploma, high school transcript that includes your graduation date, copy of your GED, etc.), re-sign the Statement of Educational Purpose, and provide a valid government issued photo I.D. (Driver's License, State-issued I.D., Passport, etc.). The Statement of Educational Purpose must be signed in front of school personnel who will ask for your I.D. and copy it for your file. You may also present I.D. to a Notary Public and complete the "Notary Public" version of the form which can then be sent via postal mail only to the main address of the school along with a copy of your valid I.D. Note: An expired I.D. is not a valid I.D.
You may also get selected for the standard verification for which the school must verify things like gross income, untaxed income, household members, number in college, receipt of food stamps, paid child support, and other items as determined by the Department of Education.
The simplest way to provide verification of income items is to use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool within the FAFSA form. If you originally estimated your income and have since filed your 2013 taxes electronically at least a week ago, you may be able to update your income by simply pulling in your tax information through the FAFSA.
Possible Required Verification Documents
1. Dependent Students' (as defined by the Department of Education and FAFSA) answers may have to provide:
- 2014-2015 Dependent Student Verification Worksheet
- 2013 IRS Tax Return Transcript for student who filed a Federal Tax Return and did not use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool in FAFSA
- If your parents did not use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool in FAFSA, please provide a 2013 IRS Tax Return Transcript for parent/s who filed a Federal Tax Return. If your parents filed separately but live together, you will need to provide a copy of both tax return transcripts.
2. Independent Students' (as defined by the Department of Education and FAFSA) answers may have to provide:
- 2014-2015 Independent Student Verification Worksheet
- 2013 IRS Tax Return Transcript for student who filed a Federal Tax Return and did not use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool in FAFSA
- 2013 IRS Tax Return Transcript for spouse if married and filed separately
If you are married and filed separately, you will not be able to use the Data Retrieval Tool in FAFSA and will have to provide the Tax Return Transcript. Schools are no longer able to accept Federal Income Tax Returns for Verification except for special circumstances (e.g. Identity Theft).
If you are selected for Verification, you have two options:
1. Use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool that is part of the FAFSA on the web:
- Go to www.fafsa.gov and log into the student's record.
- Select "Make FAFSA Corrections."
- Then, go to the Financial Information Section of the form. Follow the instructions to determine if you (and/or your parents, if applicable) are eligible to use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool to transfer IRS income tax information into the student's FAFSA.
2. Request an IRS Tax Return Transcript.
- At www.irs.gov use the Get Your Transcript Now option to download a copy of your transcript immediately.
- By phone: 800-908-9946
- Go to www.irs.gov and click on the "Order a Return or Account Transcript" link.
- Be sure to order the "IRS Tax Return Transcript" and NOT the "IRS Tax Account Transcript."
- You will need to use your Social Security Number, Date of Birth, and address on file with the IRS.
- Complete a 4506T paper request at www.irs.gov. Under Forms and Pubs, click "4506-T."


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Attention Pet Lovers Of The Panhandle
Today I am going to talk about a serious problem we have throughout the Panhandle.
It is how we go about dumping our animals!
Coupe of things:
You cannot always count on your local shelter to be able to take your pet, most of the time shelters are at capacity and have a several month waiting list.
If your circumstances are going to change by either loss of job, moving or you just can no longer care for your pet properly; start by trying to find your pet a home yourself. Check with friends and have them check with friends or co-workers, check with Church members or your co-workers and try your local newspaper or internet, there are several web sites dedicated to animals. If you find someone, take the time to interview them and make sure they want your pet as their next family pet. ( if your dog has always been an inside dog he will not be happy living outside). Next take the time to go over with your pet and see if you like the way he reacts to his possible new family. Make sure the whole family will be involved and see if they will allow you to stay in touch with them for a certain amount of time.
This way if either of you has a situation change you might be able to take your pet back.
First it is against the law and you can be fined or prosecuted, if caught. I support anyone that sees some one dumping an animal, calling the authorities, it is the right thing to do, and those people should be punished. You need to know that when you dump an animal they become very frightened, they are not familiar with their surrounding, the smells or sounds and begin just running until hunger or thirst sets in. Most of the time they will either growl or run from strangers. It takes time to gain their trust and most do not stay in one place they just keep wandering looking for you! Most animals end up either starving, frozen or heat stroke or hit by a car. Animals that have always been cared for do not automatically know how to take care of themselves when dumped, they don't know how to find food or water or to stay away from traffic.
Please, please don't let this be an end for your pet.
If you have to take you pet to Animal Control make sure your write out some information about you pet (likes and dislikes) make sure his immunizations are current and he or she has their tags on. This will help in finding him a new home. Realize that Animal Control only gives your pet 72 hours to find a new home or it will then be euthanized. This is still more humane than just putting your animal outside; Do everything you can first to make sure it is not the end resort for your pet.
Love your pet the way he has always loved you and do the best you can to find him a new family.
As always Remember to save a life "Spay or Neuter your Pet"


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Dharun Ravi, 20, shook his head slightly after the guilty verdicts were read for all 15 counts, including bias intimidation -- a hate crime that was based on the victim's sexual orientation -- and invasion of privacy.
He could get years in prison -- and could be deported to his native India, even though he has lived legally in the U.S. since he was a little boy -- for his part in an act that cast a spotlight on teen suicide and anti-gay bullying and illustrated the Internet's potential for tormenting others.
Prosecutors said that Ravi set up a webcam in his dorm room in September 2010 and captured his roommate, Tyler Clementi, kissing another man, then tweeted about it and excitedly tried to catch Clementi in the act again two days later. About a half-dozen students were believed to have seen the live video of the kissing.
Within days, Clementi realized he had been watched and leaped from the George Washington Bridge after posting one last status update on Facebook: "Jumping off the gw bridge, sorry."
Ravi's lawyer argued that the college freshman was not motivated by any malice toward gays -- a necessary element to prove a hate crime -- and that his actions were just those of an immature "kid."
The defense also contended Ravi initially set up the camera because he was afraid Clementi's older, "sketchy"-looking visitor might steal his belongings.
Ravi was not charged with causing Clementi's death, and the suicide remained largely in the background at the trial, though some witnesses mentioned it and the jury was told Clementi had taken his life. Prosecutors were not allowed to argue directly that the spying led to his death; defense lawyers were barred from saying there were other reasons he killed himself.
Clementi's death was one in a string of suicides by young gays around the country in September 2010. President Barack Obama commented on it, as did talk show host Ellen DeGeneres.
New Jersey lawmakers hastened passage of an anti-bullying law because of the case, and Rutgers changed its housing policies to allow opposite-sex roommates in an effort to make gay, bisexual and transgender students feel more comfortable.
Testimony came from about 30 witnesses over 12 days, including the man seen kissing Clementi. The 32-year-old man was identified in court only by the initials M.B. Ravi himself did not testify, though the jury watched a video of his interrogation by police.
Ravi and Clementi, both 18-year-old freshmen from comfortable New Jersey suburbs, had been randomly assigned to room together at Rutgers, and Clementi had arrived at college just a few days after coming out to his parents as gay.
A string of students testified they never heard Ravi say anything bad about gays in general or Clementi in particular. But students did say Ravi expressed some concern about sharing a room with a gay man.
On Sept. 19, according to testimony, Clementi asked Ravi to leave their room so that he could have a guest. Later, Ravi posted on Twitter: "Roommate asked for the room till midnight. I went into molly's room and turned on my webcam. I saw him making out with a dude. Yay."
Ravi told police that he viewed only seconds of the encounter via computer.
His friend Molly Wei testified that she and a few other students also watched the live stream of the men kissing. (Wei was initially charged in the case but was later accepted into a pretrial program that will allow her to keep her record clean.)
Two nights later, Clementi asked for the room alone again. This time, Ravi tweeted: "I dare you to video chat me between the hours of 9:30 and 12. Yes, it's happening again." Ravi also texted a friend about a planned "viewing party" and, two students said, went to friends' dorm rooms to show them how to access the feed.
However, there was no evidence the webcam was turned on that night. Ravi told police he had put his computer to sleep.
Prosecutors argued Clementi himself unplugged the computer. According to testimony, Clementi submitted a room-change request form and talked to a resident assistant about what happened. He also used his laptop to view Ravi's Twitter site 38 times in the last two days of his life. He killed himself on Sept. 22.


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Israel renews its attacks on Syrian military facilities in Damascus
Israeli warplanes struck areas in and around the Syrian capital Sunday, setting off a series of explosions as they targeted a shipment of highly accurate, Iranian-made guided missiles believed to be bound for Lebanon's Hezbollah militant group, officials and activists said.
The attack, the second in three days and the third this year, signaled a sharp escalation of Israel's involvement in Syria's bloody civil war. Syrian state media reported that Israeli missiles struck a military and scientific research center near Damascus and caused casualties.
Syria's Foreign Ministry condemned the attacks, saying the "flagrant Israeli aggression aims to give direct military support to terrorist groups" fighting the government. Syria refers to rebels trying to topple President Bashar Assad's regime as "terrorists."
The ministry, in letters sent to the United Nations and the UN Security Council, also said the Israeli strikes killed and wounded several people and "caused widespread destruction."
While the government tried to use the attacks to taint the rebels by linking them to Israel, the Syria's arch rival, the airstrikes still pose a dilemma for an Assad regime already battling a relentless rebellion at home.
If it fails to respond, it looks weak and opens the door to such airstrikes becoming a common occurrence. But any military retaliation against Israel would risk dragging the Jewish state and its powerful army into a broader conflict.
The tempo of the new strikes added a dangerous dynamic to the conflict, fueling concerns that events could spin out of control and spark regional crisis.
Israel's military on Sunday deployed two batteries of its Iron Dome rocket defense system to the north of the country. It described the move as part of "ongoing situational assessments."
A senior Israeli official, who spoke on condition of anonymity in order to disclose information about a secret military operation to the media, confirmed that Israel launched an airstrike in the Syrian capital early Sunday but did not give more precise details about the location.
The target was Fateh-110 missiles, which have precision guidance systems with better aim than anything Hezbollah is known to have in its arsenal, the official told The Associated Press.
The airstrikes come as Washington considers how to respond to indications that the Syrian regime may have used chemical weapons in its civil war. President Barack Obama has described the use of such weapons as a "red line," and the administration is weighing its options - including possible military action.
Iran, a close ally of the Assad regime, condemned the airstrikes but gave no other hints of a possible stronger response from Tehran.
Israel has said it wants to stay out of the Syrian war, but Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has repeatedly stated the Jewish state would be prepared to take military action to prevent sophisticated weapons from flowing from Syria to Hezbollah or other extremist groups.
Israel and Hezbollah fought a monthlong war in mid-2006 that ended in a stalemate. The militant group is believed to have restocked its arsenal since that conflict with tens of thousands of rockets and missiles.
Earlier this year, the Iron Dome system was credited with shooting down hundreds of rockets during a round of fighting against Hamas militants in the Gaza Strip.
Israel is especially concerned that Hezbollah will take advantage of the chaos in neighboring Syria and try to smuggle advanced weapons into Lebanon. These include anti-aircraft missiles, which could hamper Israel's ability to operate in Lebanese skies, and advanced Yakhont missiles that are used to attack naval ships from the coast.
Syria's state news agency reported explosions at the Jamraya military and scientific research center near Damascus and said initial reports indicate they were the "result of Israeli missiles." It said there were casualties but did not give a number.
Damascus-based activist Maath al-Shami said the strikes occurred around 3 a.m. "Damascus shook. The explosion was very, very strong," said al-Shami adding that one of the attacks occurred near the capital's Qasioun mountain that overlooks Damascus.
He said the raid targeted a military position for the elite Republican Guards that is in charge of protecting Damascus, Assad's seat of power.
Mohammed Saeed, another activist who lives in the Damascus suburb of Douma, said "the explosions were so strong that earth shook under us." He said the smell of the fire caused by the air raid near Qasioun was noticeable miles away.
Hezbollah fired thousands of rockets at Israel during the 2006 war, while Israeli warplanes destroyed large areas of southern and eastern Lebanon.
Israeli media reported that Netanyahu also was holding an emergency meeting of his inner Security Cabinet. The prime minister's office declined comment.
Amos Yadlin, a former head of Israel's military intelligence, said the strikes on Syria are a signal to Damascus' ally, Tehran, that Israel is serious about the red lines it has set.
"Syria is a very important part in the front that Iran has built. Iran is testing Israel and the US determination in the facing of red lines and what it sees is in clarifies to it that at least some of the players, when they define red lines and they are crossed, take it seriously," he told Army Radio.
In Tehran, Iran's Foreign Ministry spokesman Ramin Mehmanparast condemned the airstrikes and urged countries in the region to remain united against Israel, according to the semiofficial Fars news agency.
Iranian defense minister Gen. Ahmad Vahidi was quoted by the official IRNA news agency as claiming the attacks show a growing alliance of convenience between the Syrian opposition and Israel.
"These vain moves are not a sign of Israel's power," he said. "It rather shows the (Israeli) regime's despair in the face of regional developments."
Iran has provided both financial and military support to Hezbollah for decades, and has used Syria as a conduit for both. If Assad were to fall, that pipeline could be cut, dealing a serious blow to Hezbollah's ability to confront Israel.
The Fateh-110, or "Conqueror" in Farsi, is a short-range ballistic missile developed by Iran and first put into service in 2002. The Islamic Republic unveiled an upgraded version in 2012 that improved the weapon's accuracy and increased its range to 300 kilometers (185 miles).
Vahidi said at the time that the solid-fueled missile could strike with pinpoint precision, making it the most accurate weapon of its kind in Iran's arsenal.
An Israeli airstrike in January also targeted weapons apparently bound for Hezbollah, Israeli and US officials have said. The White House had no immediate comment on Sunday's reported missile strikes.
The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, an activist group, also reported large explosions in the area of Jamraya, a military and scientific research facility northwest of Damascus, about 15 kilometers (10 miles) from the Lebanese border.
Hezbollah's Al-Manar TV said the research center in Jamraya was not hit, but instead an army supply facility that produced food products for the military. It quoted unnamed Syrian security officials as saying that three sites including military barracks, arms depots and air defense center were targeted by the strike.
The station aired footage of what it said was the Jamraya facility hit in the strike. It showed a heavily damaged building as well as what appeared to be a chicken farm with some chickens pecking around in debris scattered with dead birds.
The raid appeared to have taken place next to a major road that was filled with debris, and shell casings were strewn on the ground. A blue street sign on the side of the road referred to the direction of the Lebanon border and the Syrian town of Zabadani near the frontier.
Lebanon's Al-Mayadeen TV, which has several reporters around Syria, said one of the strikes targeted a military position in the village of Saboura, west of Damascus and about 10 kilometers (six miles) from the Lebanon border.
An amateur video said to be shot early Sunday in the Damascus area showed fire lighting up the night sky. The video appeared genuine and corresponded to other AP reporting.
Uzi Rubin, a missile expert and former Defense Ministry official, told the AP that if the target were Fateh-110 missiles as reported then it is a game changer as they put almost all Israel in range and can accurately hit targets.
Rubin emphasized that he was speaking as a rocket expert and had no details on reported strikes.
"If fired from southern Lebanon they can reach Tel Aviv and even (the southern city of) Beersheba." He said the rockets are much five times more accurate than the scud missiles that Hezbollah has fired in the past. "It is a game changer because they are a threat to Israel's infrastructure and military installations," he said.
Israel's first airstrike in Syria, in January, also struck Jamraya.
At the time, a US official said Israel targeted trucks next to the research center that carried SA-17 anti-aircraft missiles. The strikes hit both the trucks and the research facility, the official said. The Syrian military didn't confirm a hit on a weapons shipment at the time, saying only that Israeli warplanes bombed the research center.
Israeli lawmaker Shaul Mofaz, a former defense minister and a former chief of staff, declined to confirm the airstrike but said Israel is concerned about weapons falling into the hands of the Islamic militant group amid the chaos of Syria's civil war.
"We must remember that the Syrian system is falling apart and Iran and Hezbollah are involved up to their necks in Syria helping Bashar Assad," he told Israel Radio. "There are dangers of weapons trickling to the Hezbollah and chemical weapons trickling to irresponsible groups like al-Qaida."


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Burr and Wyden Seek to Strengthen VA's Pension Program and Protect America's Veterans
WASHINGTON – U.S. Senators Ron Wyden, D-Ore., and Richard Burr, R-N.C., have introduced bipartisan legislation aimed at ending abuses of a low-income veterans' pension program.
The Veterans Pension Protection Act seeks to combat a growing niche industry that profits by preying on elderly veterans. So-called "pension poachers" are convincing veterans with substantial assets to hide those assets in trusts and annuity products in an effort to qualify for the maximum allowable needs-based Veterans Administration (VA) pension. In order to ensure that only applicants in need receive the Aid and Attendance veterans pensions, the bill would establish a three-year "look back" period for individuals applying for benefits.
"Pension poachers are using a low-income veterans' benefit as a lure to prey on veterans and their lifetime savings," Wyden said. "These needed reforms will strengthen the program for veterans who need the benefit, and help protect veterans who do not."
"After all that our veterans and their families have sacrificed, we must do everything we can to protect the VA pension program, which helps ensure that veterans who honorably served our country in a time of war will never live in poverty," Burr said. "By strengthening the pension program and implementing protections to discourage abuse, we can safeguard its benefits so they will be there for those who genuinely need them and help discourage companies from preying on elderly veterans who do not."
Wyden and Burr, ranking member of the Senate Veterans' Affairs Committee, introduced similar legislation last year after working with the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to shed light on the growing industry aimed at convincing veterans to manipulate assets in order to appear for tax-free, needs-based pensions, which can pay more than $20,000 a year. The issue was also the subject of a Senate Special Committee on Aging hearing last June.
During the undercover investigation, GAO identified more than 200 organizations across the country that market financial and estate planning services to help potential pension claimants with excess assets qualify for pension benefits. The full GAO report can be found here.
The GAO investigation also revealed that some of these organizations were overcharging veterans for services — up to $10,000 — or profiting by selling potentially harmful financial products such as trusts or deferred annuities. Trusts can severely limited access to savings and deferred annuities may leave seniors without access to all their funds within their expected lifetime without facing high withdrawal fees. The GAO also recorded two organization representatives who said they helped pension claimants with substantial assets, including millionaires, obtain VA's approval for benefits.
In its findings, GAO recommended establishing a three-year look back period for applicants, and the VA concurred.
The bill is being co-sponsored by Senators Jon Tester, D-Mont., Dean Heller, R-Nev., Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., and Claire McCaskill, D-Mo.
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I have a button that opens the upload dialog from a page using the below approach:
function openUploadNewDocumentDialog(passingID)
var dialogOptions = SP.UI.$create_DialogOptions();
dialogOptions.url = "/mySite/sales/tracking/_layouts/Upload.aspx?List={GUID}&IsDlg=1";
dialogOptions.width = 700;
dialogOptions.height = 310;
dialogOptions.title = "Submit Document";
dialogOptions.dialogReturnValueCallback = Function.createDelegate(null, CloseThisDocCallBack);
function CloseThisDocCallBack(result, returnValue)
if (result == SP.UI.DialogResult.OK)
// here is where i have current logic for last id
So what i have above is basically calling the dialog to upload the document that I mean to associate with a parent ID, or I have data in lists that represent a package and the ID of that list item is the master ID I want to associate multiple things with (documents amount them). So on a submission form there is a button that allows users to upload via above, and after edit form opens, they enter metadata, there is the callback which i catch and then do the following: call another function which uses SPServices SPGetLastItemId then update the record with the master ID WHERE I use that last item ID......so this is the only way I have found to make this half way work in this manner.
My question is, I would much rather pass the ID through the upload dialog and save right then and there. I have that master ID when they call the dialog upload, so is there a way i could include this in the query string or something to get the value through the upload form to the edit form or library? There is a field in the library called parentID?
Additionally, just for reference, the extent of dev for me is SharePoint Designer SBS Env. Any help with this would be greatly appreciated!
EDIT: I know how to use the above in order to call the upload to dialog, and that will automatically get the edit form dialog after user has uploaded doc. I would like to pass a var somehow into the edit form so that it can be saved with the documents metadata by the user right then and there. if i put it in a query string, it doesn't seem that it gets to the edit form (if i like write something to try and grab it then), and if I add function to the callback, that is after the edit form dialog is closed?? thanks for helping a beginner as I am sure I am not understanding this completely.


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Story highlights
Margie and Dick White got divorced after 37 years of marriage
Divorce among baby boomers is on the rise
Changing ideas about marriage, longer life span could be contributing factors
Rise in single boomers raises issues such as financial and health concerns
It wasn't easy for 59-year-old Margie White to ask her husband, Dick, for a divorce after 37 years of marriage.
"It really was the most courageous thing that I had to do," she said.
The couple met in college and married young. They settled down in a rambling, split-level house in the leafy suburbs of northern Virginia and raised two sons, now grown. But they struggled over the years to communicate and connect, they say, and they slowly grew apart.
When one son and his wife had a child, Margie spent more than eight months living in Pennsylvania helping out with the baby. It was during her time there that she realized how much she preferred living on her own.
"We really did struggle," she said. "We gave it our best shot. We really tried. We were no strangers to marriage counseling, when it came to that, and individual counseling, but there just wasn't the glue to hold it together anymore, for me."
Dick agreed.
"It was always sort of lurking in the background there," he said. "When Margie put it on the table it just seemed like, OK, yeah, we really should do this, and let's try to do it right."
Baby boomers looking for love online
The Whites' story is part of a larger trend. Even as divorce rates for the general population have stabilized over the past several decades, they are on the rise among baby boomers. Divorce rates among couples over 50 have doubled in the last 20 years, according to a study by Bowling Green State University. In 1990, fewer than one in 10 people who divorced were 50 or older. In 2009, that figure was one in four.
Using data from the federal government's 2009 American Community Survey, the study also looked at the demographics of divorce and found that rates for those over 50 were highest among black couples and lowest among white couples. Hispanics fell in the middle. Older adults who divorced also tended to be less educated than those who remained married.
The authors identified several factors that could explain the rising rates, from longer life spans to the changing marital biographies of many baby boomers. They found the divorce rate for those who were in their second or third marriage was 2.5 times higher than for those in first marriages.
"Increasingly, these are baby boomers. They were the first generation to come of age when we saw the rapid acceleration in premarital cohabitation and divorce rates in the 1970s and the early 1980s," said co-author Susan L. Brown.
She also pointed to boomers' changing ideas about marriage.
"We have high expectations for what constitutes a good marriage today and we're looking for self-fulfillment and individual happiness in our relationships," Brown said. "When you are 60, 65 you retire, (and say) 'Well, I can live another 20, 25 years. Do I want to spend my life with that person? Is she or he making me happy?' And if not, well, divorce is a viable alternative."
Dick White, now 62, said members of his generation are used to getting what they want and that what many boomers want is changing now that they are entering a new phase of life.
"There was a joke that one of the retirement counselors made at a seminar that I went through as part of my retirement planning," he said. "The counselor said that couples will look at each other and say, 'Well, I married you for life, but not for lunch.' That, OK, now you have all day looking at each other, trying to deal with each other. What do we do for lunch? Previously, you kind of went through your business day in your own world and you got together in the evening for family time, children time, relationship time. Now you have deal with each other for all day long, and that's different. And can you do it for another 20 years? Maybe not."
New Beginnings: A divorced and separated persons support group
Doing it "right"
While the Whites decided their marriage was over, that didn't mean their relationship was. Dick lives just a few miles away from Margie and still helps out with maintenance at the home they once shared. When Margie was in a minor car accident recently, Dick was the first person she called.
"I feel like it's worked out the best for both of us, because living together didn't work for us at all well," Margie said. "We used to joke about how maybe if we had a duplex maybe we'd get along better. But this is actually better."
Both said part of the reason they have been able to maintain a positive relationship in the six months since their divorce was the way they went about the process. The Whites had a so-called "collaborative divorce." Each had his or her own lawyer, but they used a neutral financial planner and mental health professional to help them get through the process smoothly. Collaborative divorces aim to avoid the traditional adversarial route of most divorces. And while a judge has to sign off on the agreement to make it official, the process is meant to avoid courtroom fights.
"We worked it out. We wrote it down," Dick explained. "The lawyers put the proper language on it, and we sent it to the court. It says, 'We've already decided what we want to do with the rest of our lives. Now please, your honor, sign.'"
Divorce over 50 raises important issues
The rise in newly single boomers like the Whites raises important issues, from loneliness and financial concerns to dealing with failing health in their later years.
"When these folks face health challenges, they are not going to have a spouse at the ready to provide for them," Brown said. "Traditionally in America, that is what we've relied on. The No. 1 caregiver has been the spouse."
Caregiving for loved ones the 'new normal' for boomers
The Whites both take precautions now that they are living alone. Margie has a friend she e-mails each morning to let her know she's OK, while Dick religiously carries his cell phone while working around the house in case he falls and gets hurt.
Those concerns aside, both Margie and Dick have taken advantage of their new lives. Margie, who is retired but works part-time as a nanny, is learning about Buddhist meditation, while Dick joined a boat club and now rows several times a week on a nearby reservoir. He also teaches pottery classes near his home. They have begun to wade into the dating world, but aren't necessarily looking to get married again.
"Hope springs eternal, doesn't it?" Margie said. "I would like to have a life partner. I don't know about marriage. I think the statistics for a second marriage are grimmer than they are for the first. I certainly would like to have a special someone in my life."
Dick said he does not define himself by whether he is married or not.
"That's a particular legal statement that doesn't necessarily in itself matter. It's the relationships that matter."


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Houston Texans Replica Mini Helmet. Approximately 1/2 scale versions of NFL helmets worn by the pros today. Measures about 6×4.5×4 and made of ABS plastic shells with plastic facemask and authentic-looking team decals. These NFL mini helmets have become a staple in the collectibles market.
Replica mini helmets are affordable, don't take up much room and showcases an autograph like nothing else. Once you start your collection you'll be hooked! The greatest miniature sports collectible ever! A great collectible for any NFL football fan.


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Are you keen to explore New Zealand's spectacular waterways and coastline by stand up paddleboard (SUP)? Here are the top 10 places in the country you should head to – all offer paddleboard hire and lessons.
These top-10 places are ordered by location from the north to the south of New Zealand.
The subtropical climate of Northland's Bay of Islands, as well as the many sheltered coves, bays and inlets, make this place perfect to explore by paddleboard. Located towards the northern tip of the North Island and 3 hours' drive from Auckland, the water here is warm year-round. If you're lucky, you might be joined by dolphins which are often seen in this area. Base yourself in the seaside towns of Paihia, Russell or Kerikeri.
Combine paddleboarding with some of the best snorkelling in New Zealand when you paddle out to Goat Island, off the coast of Leigh - an hours' drive north of Auckland, and the perfect day trip from Auckland. You'll glide over seaweed jungles and see a variety of fish species through the crystal-clear water. Goat Island is a marine reserve, so it is recommended that you strap snorkelling gear to your paddleboard so you have the option to jump in and experience what is below the water as well.
Since New Zealand's largest city sits right on the water, Auckland's sheltered inlets around Auckland are a great place to explore by paddleboard. Easily accessible and centrally located, paddleboarding here is great to get a different perspective on the city. Lessons are offered from the beaches around Orakei, Point Chevalier, Mission Bay Beach and Takapuna – all within 20 minutes' drive of the CBD.
This spectacular West Coast beach is a quintessential New Zealand 'surf town'. It offers something for everybody – Raglan is home to a calm harbour, the stunning pancake rocks as well as adrenaline-pumping surf for the experienced. Raglan is a 2-hour drive south from Auckland. Once you've worked up an appetite, grab fish and chips and eat it on the beach, kiwi-style!
Head out for a paddleboarding session from Whangamata, one of the Coromandel's most beautiful beaches. The Coromandel is a peninsula 2 hours' south-east of Auckland, full of small beach towns and inland rainforest. Enjoy the calm estuary, or if you're confident and after a challenge, paddle out to Donut Island and back – a 2km round-trip.
The calm waters of the Tauranga Harbour are the perfect place for beginners to get the hang of paddleboarding, without swells or waves coming at you. For more of a challenge, head out off Mount Maunganui beach – a cool coastal town with lots of cafes, bars and surfers. Only 20 minutes from central Tauranga, the waves of 'The Mount' - as locals call it - will put your Paddleboarding skills to the test.
Rotorua, located in the central North Island, is perhaps the most unusual place in New Zealand to go paddleboarding. A town famous for its geothermal activity and Maori culture, Rotorua is only a 3-hour drive south of Auckland. Here you can explore lakes, narrow channels, freshwater springs and even hot springs on your Paddleboard. Crystal-clear water will makes you feel like you are floating on air. Head to Lake Rotoiti, Lake Tikitapu and Lake Tarawera.
There's both sheltered estuaries and pumping surf in Gisborne, located on the East Coast of the North Island – so there's something for everybody. This region is heartland New Zealand and a 6-hour drive from Auckland. Gisborne is the first place to see the sun in New Zealand, so an early-morning Paddleboarding session here is truly magic. After getting out on the water, make sure you get out and experience the culture and heritage that is abundant here.
The Abel Tasman National Park, located at the tip of the South Island, is known for its high sunshine hours and settled weather conditions – as well as its translucent waters, white-sand beaches, rocky outcrops and fascinating wildlife. You'll share the water with fur seals and dolphins, making paddleboarding here a truly unforgettable experience. Head to Marahau, the gateway to the national park as a starting point, and make sure you allow a few days - camping here is spectacular.
During summer, the waterways around Christchurch are a great place to paddleboard. Explore Lyttelton Harbour, a 20-minute drive from central Christchurch, or take an hours' drive to Akaroa and paddle with penguins and the world's smallest (and cutest) dolphins, the Hector's dolphin.


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Touring Motorcycle Jackets
Motorcycle touring gear is any riders best companion on the open road. We offer Touring Motorcycle Jackets in Leather, Mesh and Textile for most any application you could dream up. From ventilated to fully insulated and waterproof STG has that new jacket you have been looking for at the right price.
Finding the right size and fitment can be tricky from time to time, but we are here to help! Make sure you watch our review video within the listings for our specific notes on the product, the corresponding size charts for their measurements and as always, contact our gear experts with any questions when it comes to picking out the right size for you.


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Oklahoma City is the capital and the largest city in the US state of Oklahoma and second is Tulsa. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 31st among United States cities in population. The city's population, from the 2010 census, was 579,999, with a metro-area population of 1,252,987. In 2010, the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,322,249 residents. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural. The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area. Oklahoma City features one of the largest livestock markets in the world. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products and related industries are the largest sector of the local economy. The city is situated in the middle of an active oil field and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs large numbers of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center.
Oklahoma City Highways:
Oklahoma City is an integral point on the United States Interstate Network, with three major interstate highways – Interstate 35, Interstate 40, and Interstate 44 – bisecting the city. Interstate 240 connects Interstate 40 and Interstate 44 in South Oklahoma City while Interstate 235 spurs from Interstate 44 in Northcentral Oklahoma City into downtown Oklahoma City. Major state highways through the city include the Lake Hefner Parkway (SH-74), the Kilpatrick Turnpike, Airport Road (SH-152), and Broadway Extension (US-77). Lake Hefner Parkway runs through Northwest Oklahoma City while Airport Road runs through Southwest Oklahoma City and leads to Will Rogers World Airport. The Kilpatrick Turnpike loops around North and West Oklahoma City and Broadway Extension connects Central Oklahoma City to Edmond.
"Oklahoma City, OK is so beautiful during the spring and summer time. I own a 1967 Mercedes Benz and love cruising around the back roads of Oklahoma. I like to take a few hours to drive around so I take numerous trips to Broken Arrow and Tulsa. One Saturday afternoon I was headed out of Oklahoma City and some 18 wheeler cut right in front of me causing me to slam on my brakes; which caused this Chevy Pickup to rear end me. I was so furious I wrote down the license plate and description of the 18 wheeler who caused the collision. I called my insurance company to report it and also indicated how it happened and gave them the at fault parties information. After taking my classic Mercedes to the body shop, I found out the repairs were almost $12,000. I knew this was going to hurt the value of my car no matter how well they fixed it. So this made me do some research on Diminished Value. I found out that me being the non fault third party would be entitled to diminished value due to the accident. During all this my insurance company got a hold of the trucking company and they accepted liability. I than started calling around to appraisal companies asking them about the process and what their thoughts were on getting what I'm entitled to.
After calling around for several days, I got a hold of these guys Pinnacle Auto Appraisers. They were more than willing to help me understand the process and even gave me a ball park of how much diminished value of incurred because of the accident. These guys sounded very professional and also knew exactly what they were dealing with. The other companies couldn't really tell me anything definite and felt like they didn't want to do the appraisal knowing they were going against an insurance company. So I hired Pinnacle to the appraisal. Once the vehicle was fixed, they came and inspected the vehicle. Than just a few days later I received a report from them. The report was very thorough and even had an explanation to all repairs completed on my Mercedes. I want to personal thank these guys for everything they have done. Not only did I receive excellent customer service but I also received the full amount of diminished value from the insurance company." Jimmy M. - Oklahoma City, OK
We bring our expertise and experience to the table for large corporations as well as the little guy. Whether you are a retired professional enjoying his classic car or a body shop repairing a vehicle that has been in an accident: We can help value what you own.
If you live in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma or in the surrounding areas we offer certified auto appraisals on classic cars, fleet vehicles, lease turn-in, total loss, diminished value, stated value, pre-purchase inspections, charitable donations, motorcycles, recreational vehicles and more! Please contact us today for more information.


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5 Creative Places to Put Your Art
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How to Make Bold Artwork Not Clash
3 Tips For Grouping Art Prints
Spring Art Trends
Abstract Still Life Artworks
Instead of the traditional spring florals, add a vibrant still life to your home. Vases with florals and botanicals are having a moment in the interior design world right now. Choose a white wood frame and style these framed prints on a modern console table.
Find a piece in this style here: https://feriandjoon.com/collections/wall-prints-i-karla-hyman/products/aegean-jug
Colourful Abstracts
Instead of those dark black pieces that were everywhere this winter, let's move onto colourful framed abstracts. Whether you're adding a pastel Matisse art print or a shape abstract to your space, these pieces are a playful addition to any modern interior. Create a fun gallery wall of these framed artworks over your bed or couch this spring!
Find a piece in this style here: https://feriandjoon.com/products/galerie-dart?_pos=36&_sid=37cc8d604&_ss=r
Lighter Neutrals
If you're space is minimalist or Scandinavian, you might not want too much colour, so lighter neutrals are the perfect choice for this time of year.
Find a piece in this style here: https://feriandjoon.com/collections/wall-prints-i-karla-hyman/products/the-collective-bone
3 Neutral Art Trends
Plaster Imitation
Abstract Figure
Chunky Lines
4 Tips For Styling Scandinavian Art Prints
Wall Colour
Art Trends Winter 2023
Browse our newest releases here: https://feriandjoon.com/collections/all-artwork-1


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Puff, Puff, Pass (2006) - Mekhi Phifer, Danny Masterson and Ronnie Warner star in this little known film about two stoners who get voluntarily mixed up in the plot to rip off a shady figure known as Mr. Big. {googleads}
The Wackness (2008) - Set against the backdrop of 1994 New York, a lonely teenager spends his last summer before going off to college selling marijuana. Will give you a much different view of who we've come to know as Josh Peck!
Homegrown (1998) - John Lithgow, Hank Azaria and Billy Bob Thornton star in this film about three ne'er-do-wells who work on a California marijuana farm. Billed as a comedy, but probably fits better in the suspense/thriller category.
Shrooms (2007) - Another one from the thriller genre, with a little horror thrown in, about three couples that travel to Ireland in hopes of collecting a batch of magic mushrooms. Along the way, they run into some strange locals whose crazy campfire stories may or may not come to life.
Totally Baked: A Pot-U-Mentary (2007) - A hilarious mock-doc that explores the idea of convincing the snack food world that sales would skyrocket if marijuana were legalized and made readily available. Dares to ask the question, "Should the Weed be Freed?"
Leaves of Green (2004) - Independently distributed documentary that takes a peek inside the world of a hemp growers' cooperative. Exposes the history hiding behind the green leaves of the marijuana plant. Don't let the questionable quality of the audio and video production spoil the message.
The Union: The Business Behind Getting High (2007) - Filmmaker Adam Scorgie explores the illegal marijuana industry in British Columbia, revealing how the international business is most likely more profitable than it would be if it was lawful. Marijuana growers, law enforcement officials, physicians, politicians, criminologists, economists and celebrities -- including comedian Tommy Chong -- shed light on this topical subject in a series of compelling interviews.
Weeds (2005) - Sure, we know it's a TV series, but it's a good one, nonetheless. Suburban widow Nancy Botwin (Golden Globe winner Mary-Louise Parker) launches a profitable but unlikely business venture as pot dealer in the first season of this hit Showtime series about the challenges of managing motherhood -- and marijuana. Desperate times force Nancy into desperate dealings with dangerous characters, which raises the suspicions of a self-involved neighbor (Elizabeth Perkins, in an Emmy-nominated role) and the DEA.
Super High Me (2007) - Determined to find out the true effects of marijuana on the human body, stand-up comedian and former Stoner of the Year Doug Benson documents his experience avoiding pot for 30 days and then consuming massive amounts of the drug for 30 days. You may be surprised with the results.
Scooby-doo on Zombie Island (1998) - Only those who've seen it know why this one's on the list. Hint: "customs agents."
Grass (2000) - Narrated by actor and pot activist Woody Harrelson, this slick and snappy documentary chronicles the history of marijuana use and prohibition from the early 1900s through modern day. Contains a killer soundtrack.
The Hemp Revolution (1995) - Despite the poor production value and the low budget feel, this documentary objectively discusses the origins of hemp laws, its versatile potential as an agricultural industry, and almost on a side note, its place in various cultures as a psychoactive substance.
Pineapple Express (2008) - This stoner movie actually received a Golden Globe nomination for James Franco - Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture - Comedy or Musical.
High: The True Tale of American Marijuana (2008) - This funny straight-to-DVD release uses government statistics and expert interviews to demonstrate how much money is being spent on the drug war.
High Times Presents: The Cannabis Cup (2003) - Forget the state fair. Laid-back marijuana and hashish smokers from across the globe vie for the best bud at Amsterdam's annual Cannabis Cup, dutifully sponsored by High Times magazine. This tongue-in-cheek documentary featuring scenes from the 2002 competition presents people-watching at its finest, with enough philosophizing, music and munchies to go along with the plentiful herbal refreshments.
Sex Pot (2009) - This comedy farce takes ample jabs at all the National Lampoon and teen drug comedies of the last few decades. Stars Michelle Penick, Victoria De Mare, Elina Madison, and Christine Nguyen. Sure it's cheesey but cheesey can be fun.
Cash Crop (1999) - OK, not one of the best, but entertaining nonetheless. Steeped in that made-for-TV feel, this Indie drama is about life in rural America and what some won't do to get by.
Tenacious D in: the Pick of Destiny (2006) - Jack Black and Kyle Glass - aka Tenacious D - star in this comedy spoof about two loafers who dream of hitting it big in the music biz. Keep an eye out for some hilarious cameo appearances. Contains one of the most memorable 'shroom trips ever captured on film!
Up in Smoke (1978) - Cheech and Chong star in this uproarious comedy that brought stoner humor out from behind the dark curtains. Contains one of the funniest pot smoking skits ever put on film.
Harold and Kumar Go to White Castle (2004) - Kal Penn and John Cho star in this comedy that has become this generation's Cheech & Chong. The writers skillfully manage to add a second layer to the shenanigans by wrapping a parody about the absurdity of racial stereotypes in the skin of a teen comedy.
Rolling Kansas (2002) - This indie-comedy stars Jay Paulson, Sam Huntington, James Roday, and Charlie Finn as four brothers who embark on a roadtrip to a fabled marijuana field bequeathed to them by their free-lovin', hippie-livin' parents.
Reefer Madness (1936) - Many a pot-smoking teen has tried to stay awake for this 1936 propaganda film that often made the midnight movie tour in the '70s. Probably falls under the "most important stoner movie" category as it has become a cult hit since NORML dug it from the Library of Congress archives in the early '70s.
Dude, Where's My Car (2000) - Ashton Kutcher stars in this farcical comedy about two pizza delivery boys looking for their car after a night of partying and pot smoking. Was born from a rejected live action "Beavis and Butt-Head" movie concept in the late-'90s.
Knocked Up (2007) - OK, we know it's not really a stoner movie, but it's got some great pot smoking scenes in it.
Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982) - The most quoted stoner movie of all time? Stars a young Sean Penn as surfer Jeff Spicoli who enjoy malls, sex, drugs, and rock n' roll. Trivia: Nicolas Cage was originally slated to star as Judge Reinhold's character, Brad Hamilton.
Half Baked (1998) - Dave Chapelle wrote and stars in this story of three not-so-bright men who come up with a series of crazy schemes to get a friend out of jail. In a 2006 interview, Chapelle revealed that he was unhappy with the final product and claimed that the script he co-wrote was much funnier. He claims the final result was "a weed movie for kids."
Grandma's Boy (2006) - Even though he's 35, Alex (Allen Covert) acts more like he's 13, spending his days as the world's oldest video game tester and his evenings developing the next big Xbox game. But he's eventually kicked out of his apartment and is forced to move in with his grandmother (Doris Roberts). Linda Cardellini, Shirley Jones, David Spade, Rob Schneider and Kevin Nealon co-star in this screwball comedy that lead actor Covert also co-wrote and co-produced.
Friday (1995) - Ice Cube and Chris Tucker star in this urban comedy about two potheads who get into trouble in South Central L.A. over the course of a single Friday afternoon. Features a great soundtrack with music from Ice Cube, Dr. Dre, Cypress Hill, Mack, and others.
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998) - Director Terry Gilliam's episodic cult favorite chronicles the hallucinogenic misadventures of sportswriter Raoul Duke (Johnny Depp) and his Samoan lawyer, Dr. Gonzo (Benicio Del Toro), on a three-day romp from Los Angeles to Las Vegas. The star-studded cast includes Johnny Depp, Benicio Del Toro, Tobey Maguire, Ellen Barkin, Gary Busey, Christina Ricci, and others.
Smiley Face (1980) - One of the most polarizing entries on the list. 50% swear by it, the other 50% can't stand it. When a young actress named Jane (Anna Faris) accidentally consumes a batch of marijuana-laced cupcakes belonging to her wacko roommate, hilarity ensues as Jane attempts to get around town. Anna Faris stars.
The Stoned Age - A hilarious rockers-on-a-quest-for-chicks comedy. Set in '70s California, this teen romp falls into the guilty pleasure category as it doesn't take itself too seriously and neither should you. Watch for the cameo of Blue Oyster Cult band members Eric Bloom and Buck Dharma standing outside a store selling t-shirts.
Requiem for a Dream (2000) - From the trippy mind of Darren Aronofsky comes the story of Four lives. Four addicts. Four failures. Adding to the insanity are the more than 2,000 cuts. Most films contain 600 to 700. May be too intense for some to handle. What about you?


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The City Council can review requests for annexation any time during the calendar year. Property must be within Arlington's Urban Growth Area (UGA), as established by Snohomish County. State law prohibits annexations outside the UGA. If property is not within the UGA, property owner(s) must first petition Snohomish County to have the property included in the UGA. Once it is included in the UGA, the City can act on an annexation request.
Show All Answers
There are several steps in the annexation process. Prior to submitting your request for annexation, your first step should be to schedule a meeting with staff in the Planning Division. They will help you determine whether you are within the City of Arlington's UGA. If you are within the Urban Growth Area (UGA), they will assist you in determining the best boundaries as well as provide the information you need for your submittal and an indication of staff recommendation on the proposal. You can then proceed with the next step.
If you are not within the UGA, you must take steps to have the UGA boundary revised to include your property. This is done through Snohomish County's Planning and Development Services Department, which is located in the County Administration Building at 3000 Rockefeller Avenue in Everett; their phone number is 425-388-3311. Please note that we are revising many of our forms and those listed may not be available at this time. If a form link does not work please contact the Permit Center at 360-403-3551 for assistance.
For the 10% petition, you will need to submit the following to the City of Arlington Planning Division:
For the 60% (or 50%/50%) petition, you will need to submit the following to the Arlington Planning Division:
Please refer to the current fee schedule for costs for processing an annexation. These amounts are in addition to any cost you may incur in preparing the paperwork required for your submittal.
Because the process involves three City Council meetings plus a 45-day BRB review period, annexations usually take 5 to 6 months to complete. The amount of time you need to obtain the necessary signatures is in addition to the process time.


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Technical Characteristics:
Product Advantages:
Short Discharging Periods
The compressor capacity and volume flow rate are synchronised exactly, which leads to great performance.
You have surely experienced the same: Some compressors run hot on higher pressure and consequently turn off. This will never happen with a BRAETSCH compressor. The discharging runs with 2.5 bar; though the compressor is laid out for 4.5, 8 or 10 bar.
A BRAETSCH compressor even runs very reliably under extreme conditions, for example when discharging high viscosity media (resin) and pressure in high altitude tanks.
Low Life Cycle Cost
BRAETSCH compressors are characterised by a more than average life span. Especially the oil-lubricated compressors often reach a product life of several decades. You thereby protect yourself from unplanned new expenditures.
BRAETSCH reciprocating compressors satisfy their owners with their slow wear out and therefore low maintenance costs. In comparison to vane compressors, you save yourself the laborious changing of the vanes. If parts should fail nevertheless, the reciprocating system is easy to repair and known in all garages. Moreover, spare parts are always on stock, independent from serial numbers.
Low Mounting Costs
Thanks to its small size, the BRAETSCH reciprocating compressor can be mounted from various positions – even overhead if you want (oil-free compressor).
The outlet temperature is so low that you can use flexible pressure hoses so that you do not have to install dditional conduits.
Reliable Operation
Those looking for a compressor can choose between the low-cost vane compressor system and the robust reciprocating technology. At BRAETSCH we have always focused on reciprocating compressors because they exhibit a much longer product life. In comparison to vane compressors, the reciprocating models are not influenced by possible stagnancy, high loads or temperature oscillation - a BRAETSCH reciprocating compressor runs undisturbed.
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"Eat 4-6 meals per day to rev your metabolism and burn more calories."
How many times have you heard that? Plenty, I imagine. In bodybuilding circles, this often gets expanded to 6-8 meals. I even saw a Mr. Olympia diet article where the reigning champ was eating 10 meals per day.
I get the logic. More is better. Keep fueling the metabolic furnace. But do we? When a dietary system like this places such strict demands on our lifestyles, we need to re-examine our habits and the science that drives them.
I found that fitness and bodybuilding people could benefit from eating less often, and people just starting out on their weight-loss or bodybuilding journey benefit from eating more often. But no matter which camp you're in, I recommend building an eating plan based around your caloric needs, rather than arbitrarily using a number you hear mentioned by someone else.
How should you begin to do that? Let's break it down.
Why Six Times Per Day?
I'll be blunt: There's not really any good data supporting hyper-metabolic effects of multiple meals.
One study published in International Journal of Obesity found that consistently eating more frequently—six times per day, to be specific—led to a greater "thermic effect" from food than eating sporadically. The thermic effect of food is basically the amount of energy it takes for your body to break down, digest, and process, the energy (food) you ingest.
In this study, frequent meals were linked to a statistically significant increase in the thermic effect of food, e.g. calorie-burning, but it wasn't enough to draw significant conclusions in the realms of physique or body composition. Additionally, there wasn't anything in the study to indicate that eating three, four, or five meals were worse than six—only that it was better than "sporadic" eating.
That is pretty much all the data you'll find on meal frequency and boosting metabolism. For this reason, I make meal frequency recommendations for my clients based on two major factors: protein synthesis and satiety.
Meals Gained ≠ Muscle Gains
OK, so the science isn't there, but everyone else seems like they're doing it, so it can't cause any harm, right? If your goal is maximum protein synthesis, I think there is a definite downside to eating often.
The first problem I see people run into when they eat frequently is that their blood amino acid levels are constantly elevated. In order to optimize protein synthesis you need to give your body a solid serving of protein which boosts protein synthesis and subsequently causes your blood amino acid (specifically leucine) levels to drop. To maximize synthesis, you should then hit your body with more protein while the levels are lower.
If you eat non-stop—every hour or two—then you aren't going to experience the fluctuation in blood amino acid levels you need to optimize muscle growth. You need to space your meals out sufficiently in order to get the maximum amount of protein synthesis out of the food you eat.
Another issue that you run into is meal size. On one hand, it's true that protein content plays a big role in satiety. Protein's presence in the digestive track triggers the release of the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK), which signals to your brain that you've eaten and should be satisfied. However, meal size has been shown to be more important than protein content when it comes to satiety. If you eat too often, your meals will be so small that despite being protein-rich, they won't satisfy you.
So you're hungry—so what? Seriously, that is no way to live! If you're going to go to all the trouble to eat all those meals, you should at least feel full. If you don't, well, good luck sticking with your plan through the endless hours of prep and planning.
How Frequent Is Frequent Enough?
Some simple math can help us here. When looking to optimize anabolism and satiety, the number meals you eat throughout the day should be a divisor of the total amount of calories you eat.
If you eat 3,000 calories per day, then breaking that into five 600 calorie meals would probably give you sufficient food to feel satisfied, while not demanding so much that you need to turn to lower quality foods in order to hit your per-meal calorie targets. On the other hand, if you eat only 2,000 calories per day, eating five 400-calories meals is not a satiating option, but eating four 500-calorie meals would be more filling.
Each of these meals should contain a minimum of 30 grams of protein (the amount which research has shown is necessary to maximally stimulate protein synthesis). This pulse of protein can also be effectively spaced out and repeated throughout the day for the biggest increases in protein synthesis. If your calories are so low that you can't get 30 grams of protein at each meal, sprinkle on a little leucine or have a BCAA drink with your meal to cover your bases in the protein synthesis department.
Remember when planning these meals that size is directly connected to satiety, so don't make them too small to be filling. Not a big-time planner? You can still do this. Just eat a solid, protein-rich meal every 3-4 hours, and you'll be more or less on track.


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Ban on treatments for transgender kids fails in South Dakota
PIERRE, S.D. (AP) — Legislation aimed at stopping South Dakota physicians from providing puberty blockers and gender confirmation surgery to transgender children under 16 failed to get enough support Monday in a Senate committee.
A Republican-dominated Senate committee voted 5-2 to kill the proposal, likely ensuring the issue won't be considered by the Legislature again this year.
Proponents already had amended the bill to get rid of criminal charges for doctors who provide gender confirmation treatments, including puberty blockers, hormone therapy and surgery. But it would have allowed children to sue if they later regretted the treatments.
Conservative lawmakers in nearly a dozen other states, including South Carolina, Florida, Missouri, Colorado, Illinois, Kentucky and New Hampshire, are pushing similar proposals. The measure had gained the most traction in South Dakota, where the House recently passed it.
But some Republican senators and GOP Gov. Kristi Noem had expressed concerns and questioned whether the Legislature should be delving into the issue.
LGBT advocates and Democrats argued that the proposal would have stopped children with gender dysphoria from receiving medically necessary health care that improves their mental health. They demonstrated outside the Capitol before Monday's Senate Health and Human Services Committee meeting.
Quinncy Parke, a 17-year-old transgender teenager, testified before the committee and had one word to describe the feeling of seeing the bill die: "ecstatic."
"It's gone," Parke said. "I don't have to worry about it until next year."
Proponents of the bill maintained that the treatments are harmful.
Rep. Fred Deutsch, a Florence Republican who introduced the bill, said the testimony and debate had raised awareness about the potential side effects and highlighted the doubts of some doctors about the long-term mental health benefits of such treatments.
Parke said that Deutsch crafted the bill to "fuel confusion" about gender confirmation treatments.
Leading medical authorities, including the Endocrine Society and the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, do not recommend gender confirmation surgeries for children. For youths experiencing puberty and older adolescents, the Endocrine Society recommends that a team composed of expert medical and mental health professionals manages treatment, which can include puberty-blocking drugs or hormone therapy.
Keith Hansen, an endocrinologist with Sanford Health in South Dakota, said the health care network treated fewer than 20 minors with gender dysphoria in the state last year. He said children who receive gender confirmation treatments receive psychiatric counseling before and during the treatments.
The South Dakota State Medical Association opposed the bill, arguing it discriminated against transgender people and interfered with physicians' ability to administer necessary medical treatment.
Conservative lawmakers said they were reluctant to interfere in parental rights.
"With all due respect, my child's health care is not your decision to make," Kim Parke, the mother of Quinncy, told the committee.
Deutsch said he would not be bringing the issue again this year, but he shared the bill and notes with lawmakers in other states, where similar legislation is being considered.
He said the governor had worked "behind the scenes" to oppose the bill.
"That's simply not accurate," said Kristin Wileman, Noem's spokeswoman, insisting that the governor never took a formal position on the bill.
In 2016, Deutsch brought a "bathroom bill" that would have forced transgender students to use restrooms labeled for their birth gender. It cleared the House and Senate before former Gov. Dennis Daugaard vetoed it.
Legislation aimed at restricting LGBT people has often found friendly ground in South Dakota. Republicans hold every statewide office and a super-majority in the Legislature.
Supporters from both sides crowded into the room where the committee met until they overflowed into the hallways. Lawmakers said they have heard more from constituents on this issue than any other this legislative session. Several legislators said most of the communication was in favor of the ban.
Dozens of advocates protested outside the Capitol on Monday, riding horses on the grounds, waving rainbow flags, and holding signs to support transgender people. They said that legislation aimed at LGBT people is a recurring issue in the state.
LGBT advocates said the bill has already caused damage. Lauren Stanley, an Episcopalian minister who works with youth from the Rosebud Sioux Tribe, said she has already heard from LGBT youth who felt targeted by the legislation, expressing anxiety and desires to hurt themselves.
But Quinncy Parke is ready if a similar bill is brought again. "I've already stuck my neck out — why not do it again?" Parke said.


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Watch the Ultimate Misheard Lyrics Compilation
If you don't want to mishear these songs for the rest of your life, you maybe shouldn't watch this video. It's all the best misheard lyrics, compiled into one NSFW video, a video that will destroy listening to the radio for the rest of your life. Why would you watch this, you may be asking? Ummm ... because it's really funny. And you're tired of that Alanis Morissette song anyway.


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The electronic journal Ascomycete.org (ISSN 2100-0840) is published under Creative Commons license. Each volume contains 5 to 6 fascicles per year. The journal accepts all articles dealing with taxonomy of Ascomycota. As an international journal, it authorizes the authors to submit their text in the following languages: French, English, German, Italian and Spanish. The texts must respect the "rules to authors" (see Documents) and are submitted to the opinion of our Editorial Board. They must be sent to the address firstname.lastname@example.com.
Ascomycete.org is an Open Access journal with a one-year embargo, i.e. the articles are freely available from the year following their publication (or exceptionally the year of publication).
The last published issue of Ascomycete.org is fascicle 5, vol. 15 (Dec. 2023):
Why you should contribute to our journal? Read more...
A proposed guide to writing a mycological paper in Ascomycete.org journal can be dowloaded. Please choose your language among the hereunder icons.
Managing Editor: Nicolas Van Vooren (France)


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Recap: Stephan Brenneisen Visit and SOWA/OHSA tour
Mar 10, 2011 at 11:24 AM 0 Comments
Stephan Brenneisen Visit
Last week we welcomed Swiss green roof expert Dr. Stephan Brenneisen to Portland, along with his colleague Rafael Schneider and Lisa Benjamin, an ecologist from San Francisco. Stephan and the team focus on green roof design for biodiversity and habitat in Basel Switzerland. We learned a great deal from them while they were here - the following is a recap of their visit:
On Tuesday March 1st , the group joined BES staff to survey reference sites. In particular, they met with Dave Helzer, BES Environmental Specialist, and Mike Houck of Urban Greenspaces Institute, to examine Streaked Horned Lark habitat near the St Johns Landfill. This site allowed Stephan and his team to understand some of the habitat needs of this species and how an ecoroof could be designed to offer a similar function.
The group then visited a number of Portland ecoroofs, including the Portland Building. Although Stephan had visited Portland in 2004, the ecoroofs have matured and many more exist throughout the city. There's now a greater understanding of how these projects work in Portland's climate, and are therefore more opportunities to consider biodiversity and habitat on rooftops.
The group then made a visit to the Port of Portland for a brief presentation about ecoroof potential on Port property. They also met with designers to consult on a construction project at the Columbia Wastewater Treatment Plant, a new facility which will include an ecoroof in its innovative design.
Finally, Stephan gave a presentation on Thursday March 3rd titled Green Roofs from Pilot to Mainstream: Pushing the Market with Wildlife Visions. The presentation included some excellent insights into policy development and project implementation in Basel Switzerland and other European Cities. We saw several examples of green roofs designed for wildlife habitat. One exciting highlight was learning about the Moss Filtration Plant in Zurich, Switzerland. Installed in 1913, the green roof includes 9 species of orchid and 175 species of plants, many of which are rare or endangered in that area.
As Portland continues to study and improve upon ecoroof design to meet multiple objectives, research like that of Dr. Brenneisen and his team are integral and becoming more and more relevant. We're very thankful for the team for visiting Portland and sharing their good nature and expertise. And many thanks to the Office of Healthy Working Rivers for helping support their trip!
Ecoroof Tour - South Waterfront and OHSU
We had some rare, amazing weather for the March 8th tour of ecoroof projects in South Waterfront and at OHSU. Twenty attendees joined BES staff and members from the Green Above Ground project team to take the tour.
The tour started at the Ardea Building at South Waterfront. The view out the window allowed the attendees to see a number of vegetated rooftops on surrounding buildings.
The group then took the Portland Aerial Tram to the OHSU campus where they toured newly installed ecoroofs, including a 6,000 ft² project on the Child Development and Rehabilitation Center.
What a day to tour some ecoroofs - I hope we continue to have this weather over the next few weeks. Thanks to the Green Above Ground team for coordinating the tour and to the Ardea and OHSU for the hospitality!
And don't forget - Ecoroof Portland is next Friday - spread the word!
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The Grand Park Centre building in downtown Detroit. Courtesy OST
Could now be the right time to expand a business into Detroit?
Open Systems Technology, a Grand Rapids-based IT consulting firm that has seen major growth spurts in recent years, is answering that question with a resounding yes.
The firm, founded in 1997, is now turning its development eye toward the largest metropolitan area to ever file for bankruptcy in U.S. history.
And it's doing so with a four-year commitment and plenty of confidence.
Downtown Detroit office
OST recently had a soft opening for its first Detroit office.
The new space is just over 1,000 square feet in size and located on the 17th floor of the Grand Park Centre building in downtown Detroit, at 28 West Adams Ave.
The office houses seven employees and is looking to hire seven more in the areas of sales, project management and tech consulting.
It will primarily serve OST's Detroit clients, which include Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan, Cummins, University of Michigan, Roush industries and Cooper Tire.
OST signed a 48-month lease, and as the company expands, it will be able to move into a larger space, which is the direction the company plans on going, said Mike Lomonaco, OST marketing director.
"Very real" economic recovery
OST has been doing business in Detroit for many years and feels there is huge potential in Detroit, Lomonaco said, adding that he believes, at least for his company, there is immense business growth in Detroit available, as well as the ability to meet major client demand.
"Quite honestly, we have been planning on opening an office in Detroit for about a year and a half now, and it's really more coincidence than anything that our opening comes at the time of the bankruptcy," he said.
"With that said, we feel as though Michigan's economic recovery is very real and that Detroit is the engine that drives our state," he said. "However, as businesses, we need to think big. . . . The state of Michigan and certainly the city of Detroit have a long way to go, but we feel that it is coming back, and that the tech industry in the state of Michigan is helping to lead the way by innovating, creating jobs, imagining, dreaming and showing grit and determination — and most of all, having fun."
Seemingly insurmountable
Detroit's bankruptcy is going to have an impact on all of Michigan and maybe the entire country, Lomonaco said.
Since OST is hired to come in and solve incredibly complex problems by leveraging technology, it is a company that understands how it feels to look at a problem that appears insurmountable, he said.
"We approach these challenges by being innovative and through grit and determination that OST can and will help provide the right solution for our clients," he said. "So, in a sense, we see Detroit's bankruptcy as an opportunity for OST's employee- and family-first culture to have a positive impact throughout the community in a way that gives others hope."


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Physcial Sciences Division
Research Highlights
March 2013
A New Method for Measuring the Viscosity of Nanoparticles
First direct determination of the chemical diffusivity and viscosity of secondary organic aerosols
Determining the viscosity of tar-like secondary organic aerosols, ubiquitous atmospheric particles, is now possible thanks to a new method developed by scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, University of Washington, and Imre Consulting. Enlarge Image.
Results: For the first time, scientists measured the chemical diffusivity and viscosity of atmospheric organic particles, thanks to a new approach from scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, University of Washington, and Imre Consulting. The team doped atmospherically important organic nanoparticles, known as secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), with tracer molecules and measured their diffusion rate as they slowly worked their way out of the particles. Knowing the diffusion rate, the scientists calculated the particle's viscosity.
"Over the past two years, we have shown that long-standing assumptions about the most fundamental properties of SOA particles -- phase and volatility -- are wrong. Here, for the first time, we quantify chemical diffusivity in SOA particles and show that SOA viscosity is larger -- a million times higher than assumed," said lead author Dr. Alla Zelenyuk, physical chemist at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
Why It Matters: Convenient, but unsubstantiated, assumptions have haunted atmospheric scientists studying SOAs for years, making it impossible to model how the particles affect climate and human health. With the development of new approaches and precise characterization instruments, scientists have disproved the common assumption. With this current study, Zelenyuk and her colleagues have given atmospheric modelers and others data that are invaluable for accurately portraying the particles and their effects in different scenarios, such as new regulations.
Methods: In this first-of-its-kind study, the team began by creating 100-nanometer pyrene-doped SOA particles. They generated the particles via the reaction of ozone with alpha-pinene, the chemical that gives pine trees their smell, in the presence of pyrene vapors. These particles contain a trace amount of hydrophobic or water-fearing pyrene molecules that diffuse through the particles. The team measured the rate with which pyrene molecules diffuse through the particles and evaporate when they reach the surface, from which the team calculated the viscosity of the particles.
"We showed that the particles have viscosity similar to that of tars," said Zelenyuk. "Moreover, with time, they harden, becoming more viscous by a factor of 3 in a day."
The team tested their new method using a host of characterization data. Using approaches that let them characterize multiple dimensions of these particles, such as the temporal evolution of particle size, shape and composition using single particle mass spectrometer, SPLAT II, at EMSL, the team showed that the viscosity measurements matched all other observations.
In addition to answering key questions about the properties of the atmospherically important SOAs, the team demonstrated the effectiveness of their new methodology. "We showed that it is possible to create doped nanoparticles and measure very high viscosity on the time scale of hours to days, instead of years," said Zelenyuk.
What's Next: The team is working to determine how SOA viscosity and diffusion rates change with temperature and humidity. They are also working with scientists who are developing three-dimensional regional models to see what happens when new findings about SOA are added to atmospheric models.
In addition, the team is working on applying their new method of measuring diffusion and viscosity to other areas. "This method could be extended to other nanoparticle systems that are unrelated to atmospheric particles," said Zelenyuk. "It lets you measure diffusion on the nanoscale at a reasonable time scale."
Sponsors: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division and Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Atmospheric System Research Program.
Research Areas: Chemical Sciences and Climate & Earth Systems Science
User Facility: Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory
Research Team: Evan Abramson at the University of Washington, Dan Imre at Imre Consulting, Josef Beránek, Jacqueline Wilson and Alla Zelenyuk at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Reference: Abramson E, D Imre, J Beranek, J Wilson, and A Zelenyuk. 2013. "Experimental Determination of Chemical Diffusion within Secondary Organic Aerosol Particles." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 15:2983-2991. DOI: 10.1039/C2CP44013J
Related Highlights:
Pollution Hitches Ride to Arctic
Slow Evaporation May Account for Particles Previously Thought to be Missing
Scientists Characterize Poorly Understood, Climate-Influencing Atmospheric Particles


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If you want to help make the world a better place, you first have to understand this world. This conviction forms the basis of our research and teaching in Leiden and The Hague.
Leiden University is an internationally oriented, comprehensive University. Our scientific research and teaching inspire one another, and this cross-pollination shapes our contribution to society. With our research, we work to gain a fundamental understanding of the world and the people around us. In our teaching, we train our students to become analytical thinkers and critical world citizens who can apply this knowledge to make the world a safe, healthy, sustainable, prosperous and just place. Where possible, we endorse and apply the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.
We distinguish five broad clusters of science areas and one overarching research theme (Artificial Intelligence):


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What's a Hawksworth?Hopefully, about 3 2/3 innings.
—Josh S.
Very, very nice, Josh. Hawksworth was actually worth four innings and six earned runs to the Dodgers, who small-balled their way to a lead early on. The scoring highlights were A.J. Ellis with the SQUEEZE! (legally, you can't talk about squeeze plays without getting excited) bunt, scoring Ronnie Belliard in the fourth, and Blake DeWitt's three-run home run in the fifth, his first HR of the season. Even Garret Anderson got in on the fun with a bloop RBI-double in the seventh.
Carlos Monasterios isn't an ironman yet — Joe Torre hooked him after six innings and 86 pitches — but he pitched a quality start and could be approaching Elyesque levels of effectiveness. Albert Pujols versus Monasterios? 0-for-3 lifetime. Ely trademate Jon Link also made his Dodgers debut fourth appearance of the season, throwing two scoreless to close the game out.
Hope you enjoyed tonight's rare laugher against the Cards, because the next two aren't going to be nearly as easy. Carpenter and Wainwright are waiting in the wings. Let's relive the 2009 NLDS!


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Cheating. It's an ugly side of the beautiful game and it involves just about every aspect of it: diving in the penalty area, pretending to be mortally injured by a harmless tackle or stealing a few meters (yards) at a throw-in.
Count on seeing it all at the World Cup in Brazil; the founders of association football would shudder at how entrenched deception and trickery have become in the modern game.
There's cheating in other sports, too. Doping has been a bigger problem in other sports, but when it comes to seeking an unfair advantage by deceiving the referee, football players are in a class of their own.
Here are some of the most common ways they do it:
— DIVING. You would think that the penalty area is more slippery than the rest of the pitch because that's where players tend to fall the most. Despite the risk of picking up a yellow card for diving, many attacking players turn into Bambi on ice when they enter the area, routinely falling at the slightest contact with a defender and sometimes with no contact at all. By the same token, defenders who knowingly foul an attacking player often proclaim their innocence to the referee with one of the following gestures: Waving index finger (nothing happened), extending arms with palms up (I didn't do anything) or cupping hands downward in a forward motion (he took a dive).
— FAKING AN INJURY. This is perhaps the dirtiest trick of all, because it involves appealing for sympathy and concerns over your health when in reality there's nothing wrong with you. Outside of soccer, most people stop doing this at some point during adolescence. The purpose of this con is to delay the game or make the referee punish a player in the opposing team with a yellow or red card. The acting skills that players have developed to achieve this are impressive. A standard move is clutching the ankle, knee, head or other supposedly injured body part while contorting the face into an impression of Edvard Munch's famous painting "The Scream." Some players accentuate the projection of pain by rolling around, which can seem a bit eccentric since movement normally worsens the pain for someone who is truly injured.
— THROW-IN CHEATING. When the ball crosses the sideline, it's customary for the player taking the throw-in to advance 3 meters (yards) or more before putting the ball back in play. Typically this is done in two moves. First he scoops up the ball and moves to a position slightly higher up than where it crossed the line. Then he takes a few more steps along the line as he looks for a player to throw the ball to. It's become such a natural feature of the game that the opposing team rarely protests anymore.
— THE FALSE "OUR BALL" CLAIM. It's a familiar sight when the ball crosses the side line or goal line: players from both teams instantly raise their hands to claim a throw-in, goal kick or corner kick. Unless it's blatantly obvious who touched the ball last — and sometimes even then — players do this almost instinctively and feign total incomprehension when the call goes to the other team.
— DELAYING THE GAME. If your team is ahead with just minutes left, there's no reason to hurry to put a dead ball back in play. But the ways in which players try to stall the game are anything but sportsmanlike. Goalkeepers suddenly feel the need to manicure the grass to make sure that the ball is situated just right before a goal kick. Players being substituted walk or slow-jog off the pitch, stopping to high-five or hug their team-mates, or tie their shoe-laces, on the way out. Another common delaying tactic happens when a call goes against a player and he picks up the ball to prevent the other team from putting it back in play quickly. Then he pretends to be helpful by throwing or kicking it back to an opponent but making sure he misses him by a few meters (yards), giving his own team more time to regroup.
— DOUBLE STANDARDS. Don't be surprised to find players who commit all of the above exploding with anger when the same transgressions are committed by the other team. Forgetting that just moments ago they were the ones faking an injury, they will mob the referee clamoring for a yellow card when an opposing player attempts the same trick.


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Research, Release Engineering and ROI
>> Wednesday, August 31, 2011
I recently read some academic papers that quantify some release engineering practices in open source communities. Very interesting.
The first one, "An Empirical Study of Build Maintenance Effort" (PDF), looks at how the time spent maintaining the build impacts the developers in a project. It examines build coupling which refers to the how often changes in source code require changes in build code, as well as build ownership, which is the proportion of developers on the team who are responsible for maintaining the build. The projects studied were ArgoUML, Hibernate, Eclipse (SDK), Jazz, GCC, Git, Linux, Mozilla, PLlot and PostgresSQL.
Here are some snippets I found interesting in this paper. Note that when they refer to "Eclipse-core" they mean the Eclipse project's build. In this paragraph, they are talking about build coupling and how to reduce it
"In Eclipse-core, the coupling is reduced to 16% and in Jazz the observed coupling is a mere 4%. Eclipse-core and Jazz both leverage the automated Eclipse Plugin Development Environment (PDE) build technology. ..... Since the developer must only maintain the high-level build.properties file (via the IDE), the daily build maintenance is reduced".
Thank you PDE family. Dynamically generating Ant scripts at build time to compile and package our bundles makes us look good when compared with other open source projects.
"Other researches have found that the Linux build engineers have spent a considerable amount of time to make their build system as simple as possible for developers, as the expense of a very complex and hard to maintain core build system machinery. "
People always assume that writing software is hard, but for some reason building software should be easy. Build systems are complex beasts and obfuscating the complexity for the user is just as difficult as it might be when writing a full scale application. Writing good software is difficult, and so is constructing an elegant and effective build system. It's just a different skill set.
"Up to 79% of source code developers and 89% of test code developers are significantly impacted by build maintenance, yet investment in build experts can reduce the proportion of impacted developers by 22% of source code developers and 24% of test code developers."
So it looks like if you hire a release engineer and the productivity of your developers will increase. You would buy a new machine to make the build faster, why not hire a fantastic release engineer and make the build better? The numbers indicate an great return on investment.
Building complexity |
Image ©algonquin_college, http://www.flickr.com/photos/algonquin_college/4971004199/in/photostream/ licensed under Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0)
The second paper of is interest is entitled "The Evolution of Java Build Systems" (PDF).
Again it looks at open source build systems that use either Ant (ArgoUML, Tomcat, JBoss, Eclipse-core) or Maven (Hibernate and Geronimo). The authors find that as the number of source lines of code being built (SLOC) is strongly correlated with the number of build lines of code (BLOC).
"Similar to Lehman's first law of software evolution, build system specifications tend to grow over time unless explicit effort is put into refactoring them."
"The Halstead complexity of a build system is highly correlated with the build system's size (BLOC), indicating the BLOC is a good approximation of build system complexity".
Lots of build code means increasing complexity. If you are only building a few bundles, your build is easier to understand. Makes sense.
From their analysis, they concluded found that both Ant and Maven based builds evolved in similar fashion.
I like this sentence
"Despite the crucial role of build systems and their non-trivial maintenance effort, software engineering research rarely focuses in them".
I'd like to thank the authors for conducting this research and look forward to reading more in the future. Build systems are complex systems and I welcome the efforts of these researchers to quantify way they can be improved. And it's extra special when they look at the projects that we work on every day!
It will never work in theory
Queens University Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab


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Life's Problems
Just to stay alive, we need sufficient carbs and water; our body temperature must stay within a very narrow range. We need just the right number of red and white blood cells. If these and other physical conditions aren't met, we've got problems.
We also live under other, subtle conditions: karma dictates how much we enjoy or suffer—based on our past actions. The gunas—"modes of nature"— constantly push and pull our moods and behaviors from good to bad to ugly. And disease, old age, and death ruin everybody's happiness. Reawakening our permanent, spiritual consciousness permanently solves all such problems. How?
- All Problems Can Be Solved through Krishna Consciousness—"Before our time in this human body runs out—we must solve this most fundamental problem, the problem of repeated birth and death."
- Coping With Depression—If you ask them, "How are you?" they will respond, "I am so glad you asked! I have a headache, stomachache, and a pain in my leg. I need a raise and my son is giving me such problems."
Still More: