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The White House President George W. Bush |
Print this document |
For Immediate Release
Office of the Press Secretary
October 14, 2005
White Cane Safety Day, 2005
A Proclamation by the President of the United States of America
Americans who are blind or visually impaired are valuable and contributing members of our society, and many use a white cane to help them succeed at school, home, or work. White canes give these individuals greater mobility and enable them to participate in more aspects of community life. On White Cane Safety Day, we celebrate the progress that has been made for those who are blind or visually impaired, and we reaffirm our commitment to ensuring that these citizens can live and work with greater freedom and independence.
One of our Nation's defining values is compassion, and we must make certain that all our citizens are able to harness their talents, engage in productive work, and participate fully in society. My Administration is working to fulfill this goal for individuals with disabilities through the New Freedom Initiative. This comprehensive program helps increase the development and use of assistive and universally designed technologies, expand educational and employment opportunities, and improve access into daily community life. By working to reduce barriers and change old ways of thinking, we can help ensure that our Nation's opportunities are more accessible to all.
The Congress, by joint resolution (Public Law 88-628) approved on October 6, 1964, as amended, has designated October 15 of each year as "White Cane Safety Day."
NOW, THEREFORE, I, GEORGE W. BUSH, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim October 15, 2005, as White Cane Safety Day. I call upon public officials, business leaders, educators, librarians, and all the people of the United States to observe this day with appropriate ceremonies, activities, and programs.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fourteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord two thousand five, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and thirtieth.
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I have a mead that has been sitting bottled in a cool underground closet for about a year, and the corks appear to have some mold growing on the outside. Apparently the closet is a bit more moist than it should be.
I was hoping to age this mead for quite a few years, so swilling it is not the preferred method of dealing with this.
What is a safe way to remove the mold from the corks? Will I need to open and re-cork all of the bottles?
What can I do to prevent this in the future? Will a wax coating help?
I've looked around online a bit, and now I have another question... Is a moldy cork actually bad? Will filaments from the mold eventually dig in to the body of the cork deep enough to reach the mead?

subset: commoncrawl


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Or you can also view them online.Iredell ConnectGIS
Show All Answers
Or you can also view them online. Iredell ConnectGIS
You can also access these online. For unrecorded subdivision or plats you may visit the Iredell County Mapping Department to get a copy of the tax map of the subdivision and/or lots. County Register of Deeds Land Records Page
We have various GIS Mapping base map layers freely available for download on the Data Downloads page of the Iredell County website. These layers are updated monthly and include parcels, streets and addresses, zoning, city limits, and the county line. Other data is available by request via DVD. County aerial imagery is available from the North Carolina OneMap website.
You can also visit the NCDOT State Road Lookup online. NCDOT State Road Lookup Website
Please give us a call at 704) 878-3137 to speak to our staff, or stop by of our office at: 135 E Water Street Statesville, NC 28677


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This article is more than 1 year old
Stingy Uncle Sam dumps a Q1 loss on Unisys
ClearPath mainframes on the rise
Uncle Sam slapped Unisys around during the server and service provider's first fiscal quarter of 2011.
The delay by Congress and President Obama in delivering a Federal budget and a lost contract with the Transportation Security Agency combined to subtract around $50m from the company's books, yielding a loss of $39.4m – almost four times as deep as the same quarter last year. Sales fell, as well: by 7 per cent to $911.2m.
Ed Coleman, chairman and CEO at Unisys, said in a conference call with Wall Street analysts on Monday that the delay in the Federal budget accounted for about $20m in lost revenues when the cost-plus "fill and bill" contracts that Unisys can normally secure with Uncle Sam were curtailed because the continuing resolutions put out by Congress had ceilings to limit spending on all projects.
Another $30m in revenues was wiped out in the first quarter by the loss of a consulting gig with the TSA, a contract that Unisys lost in the fourth quarter of last year. This is going to make for some tough compares going forward.
Generally speaking, the US government accounts for about a fifth of Unisys' overall revenues. In the first quarter of 2011, the feds accounted for $157m in revenues, with 29 per cent coming from the Department of Defense, 22 percent from the Department of Homeland Security, and the remaining 49 per cent from other agencies.
In the quarter, services sales at Unisys were $800.3m, down 6 per cent, while technology sales (servers, storage, software, and other stuff) were $110.9m, down 13 per cent.
The ClearPath mainframe line, oddly enough, was a bright spot for Unisys, with sales up 7 per cent, as CFO Janet Haugen explained during the call – but sales of other servers and storage fell and could not make up the difference.
Haugent did not give out specifics for the ES and ClearPath lines of servers, but did say that overall enterprise-server revenues were down 3 per cent to $100m in the first quarter. She also added in a Q&A session that about 75 per cent of ClearPath revenues came from software, not hardware.
Other technology sales fell by 54 per cent, to $11m. Gross margins for the Unisys server business stood at 51.1 per cent during the quarter, down almost a full point.
Services gross margins were a mere 18 per cent, by contrast, which is why Unisys stays in the ClearPath mainframe racket. Systems integration services were down 3 per cent to $285m, and IT outsourcing brought in $285m in sales, but was down 5 per cent from the year-ago period. Infrastructure services took a 12 per cent hit to $110m, as did core maintenance services, which came in at $53m. Business-process outsourcing revenues were off 2 per cent to $67m.
The company ended Q1 with a $5.8bn services backlog, which was up 2 per cent compared to Q1 2010, and the gains were made in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and continental Europe; the services backlog shrank in Latin America and the Asia/Pacific region.
In the quarter, Unisys continued to restructure its debts, redeeming $211m in high-coupon long-term debt (which hit the first-quarter books to the tune of $32m). On April 11, the company retired an additional $179m in long-term debt, which will give it another $46m charge in the second quarter. These moves will save about $53m in annual interest payments going forward. Unisys ended the quarter with $214m in net cash and $379m in net debt. ®


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A nationwide campaign leading up to Valentine's Day is encouraging college students to seek meaningful relationships and develop a healthy understanding of love and sexuality.
Young men and women today truly "want a love story," said Caitlin Seery, director of the Love and Fidelity Network.
Surveys consistently show that "college men and women still aspire to get married someday, even if 'someday' is still several years in the future," she told CNA, adding that even in college, researchers have found "that very few students, when given privacy to speak honestly, are satisfied with the hook-up culture."
Unfortunately, Seery explained, "between the carnage of the campus hook-up culture and the broader cultural breakdown of the family, these young men and women have seen so few examples of successful stories – and so many examples of broken relationships and marriages – that too few students today even believe this kind of a love story is possible."
"We hope our campaign helps them start to believe that it is."
Based in Princeton, N.J., the Love and Fidelity Network works on dozens of college campuses across the country to promote the unique roles of marriage and family in society, as well as the integrity of human sexuality.
This is the seventh year that the network is planning a campaign to offer an alternative to the "hookup culture" and sexual revolution mindset among college students. It hopes to instead encourage an understanding of authentic commitment-based love and the dignity of human sexuality.
The initiative involves placing thousands of posters on college campuses throughout the U.S. in the days leading up to Feb. 14. In addition, students are encouraged to spread the campaign's message through social media efforts, editorials, resources, speakers and other campus events.
"For too many students, Valentine's Day on campus means being bombarded with messages that promote commitment-free hookups and distort the true meaning of human sexuality," Seery said in a Feb. 7 press release.
"Sex Week and condom giveaways are common features of mid-February campus programming, and we think students deserve better than that."
"Sex Week" events surrounding Valentine's Day have become notorious on college campuses for their vulgar components, including seminars featuring sex therapists and pornography actors, lewd film festivals, gay advocacy and promotion of sexual experimentation.
To counter this message, the Love and Fidelity Network is focusing its efforts this year on the theme of "#love: Make Yours a Story, Not a Tweet."
The organization explained that its goal is to show how the "hookup culture" can degrade the authentic pursuit for love, reducing it to "superficial and depersonalized interactions."
"This year's theme highlights the rich and unique nature of authentic love, something that is missing from casual encounters," Seery explained, adding that the campaign is seeking to "spark dialogue and inspire students to think more deeply about what it means to write their own story."


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WARNING: Good summaries are
harder to write than you may think --
bad summaries are easy!
The ability to write an effective summary might be the most important writing skill a college student can possess. You need to be able to summarize before you can be successful at most of the other kinds of writing that will be demanded of you in college, and it is an important part of note taking, too. The links below will help you master the various kinds of summary writing that you may be called upon to complete in college.
To answer questions such as "what was the movie about?" "how did the game go?" and "what did I miss in class today?" you must be able to summarize. Your questioner doesn't want to know every line and action in the movie, every play in the game, or every word from class; the question asks you to select the important details and summarize them. Similarly, when you summarize a reading you need to be able to find the important data and then present it as clearly and concisely as possible.
Politicians and corporations employ people to read every newspaper and newsmagazine and summarize relevant stories and articles. The more concise the summary the better, yet if any major details are omitted the purpose of the summary is lost--its readers will be uninformed on key aspects of the news and may make embarrassing errors as a result. The summaries that you write in college are as important to your academic career as these summaries are to these politicians and business people, and accuracy and concision are just as important, too.
(1) it is shorter than the source, (2) it repeats the ideas of the source in different phrases and sentences.
Obviously, you cannot write a good summary of a source that you do not understand. There are reading strategies that will help you comprehend a source text as fully as possible. One of those techniques is the reader's summary, which you write for yourself, as a way of understanding the text you are reading. Read a section of the book or article, or the whole thing if it is short, and then close the text and write a summary of the key points. When you've finished, skim the text again to make sure you didn't omit anything. This use of summary helps you learn and helps you check what you've learned.
Summary-outline notes are a form of note-taking using a divided page. Take a notebook page and divide it down the middle. Write the main points in the left hand column leaving a few lines between each. In the right hand column, summarize the point in the left column in a few sentences. This will help you get an overall picture of the argument through the outline, and a more detailed reminder of the content via the summaries.
Most summary occurs as part of other essays--indeed, few essays use only one kind of writing. Summary is often a part of synthesis because readers need to know a little about the ideas you are pulling together. Similarly, you have to summarize ideas or texts before you can compare them, classify them, or divide them into their component parts. You will find that almost any texts you read in college and outside contain at least a little summary.
In college you may also be asked to write another type of summary, the summary essay, which is written for an audience other than yourself. The purpose of the summary essay is to convey to others an understanding of a text you have read, without their having to read it themselves. Thus for your readers, your summary essay functions as a substitute for the source that you are summarizing. You don't want to misrepresent your source or mislead your audience. Certainly an important feature of the summary essay, then, is its fidelity to the source; you must represent your source accurately and comprehensively, with as little of your own interpretation as possible. (Anytime you read and repeat a source, of course, you are interpreting it; but the summary essay asks you to minimize your interpretation as much as possible. You should not add your own examples and explanations, for instance.) An alternative purpose of the summary essay, one that is very commonplace in college, is a demonstration of comprehension: teachers sometimes assign summary essays when they want to make sure that students fully understand an assigned source. In this case, your essay does not substitute for the source, for the teacher has read the source, too. Yet your essay will be written in the same way, with fidelity to the source.
A summary essay should be organized so that others can
understand the
source or evaluate a. The introduction (usually one paragraph)-- b. The body of a summary essay (one or more
paragraphs): c. There is customarily no conclusion to a summary essay.
Read the summary carefully and answer the following questions:
This work is provided free of charge under a Creative Commons License (click here to read the conditions governing use) For permission to print and use this page, please contact me by e-mail |


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A Region of Dictatorships
Democracy, human rights and an open civil society are achievements which have lost their appeal in the post-Soviet societies of Central Asia. Fifteen years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) finds itself on the defensive, and it is itself partly to blame for the situation. For too long the democratic governments of the west have allowed themselves to be lulled by the dictators' promises of reform.
As a result, the West has lost credibility and respect among both rulers and opposition, as well as among the people. The situation was made worse by the fact that the states of the Caucasus and Central Asia were largely ignored by the west in the early days following the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Europe and the United States assumed that a democratic Russia would radiate democracy towards its neighbours. This was a fatal error: the Russian president, Vladimir Putin, working together with China, is now forging a federation of states which is working against western influence and democratic tendencies.
Wealth of the region looted
A geographic belt of dictatorships has emerged along Russia's southern border. The Central Asian members of the OSCE are dominated by corrupt and autocratic regimes which respect neither human rights nor the rule of law. Ruling families and clans have looted the wealth of the region.
In Turkmenistan on the Caspian Sea, the president, Sapamurad Niyasov is the object of an absurd personality cult. In Uzbekistan, president Islam Karimov secures his rule with torture and mass arrests. The ruling elite in Kazakhstan, where the high oil price has led to an economic boom, shows no interest in democracy.
The president of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, was re-elected in a questionable poll in early December with a majority of 91 percent. Following his victory he renewed his ban on opposition newspapers. The citizens of Kazakhstan may have more freedom than the oppressed masses of Uzbekistan, but the principle is the same: no democratic experiments!
In Kyrgyzstan, following a revolt which was disguised as a democratic revolution, the economically crisis-ridden mountain state has been stumbling towards anarchy. The situation there is seen by the rulers in the rest of Central Asia as a warning against allowing more democratisation.
OSCE instrument for dialogue during cold war
The OSCE had its origins in the Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe, which the states of the west and the east developed as an instrument for dialogue during the cold war. The Helsinki Declaration of 1975 was exploited by many human rights activists in the Soviet Union and its satellite states as a basis for their bold actions. Under the terms of the Declaration, the Eastern bloc states committed themselves for the first time to respect the right of their citizens to personal freedom.
In spite of the Declaration, many dissidents were persecuted and arrested, but the Declaration provided a basis for those western countries which were interested in contacts with the east to engage in negotiations. The idea of democracy and human rights bore fruit and contributed to the end of the Soviet Union and the Eastern bloc.
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the states which emerged became automatically members of the OSCE. But throughout the nineties, there was no interest in examining and changing the principles of the organisation. As long as there had been a credible Soviet nuclear threat there was indeed a need for diplomatic caution, but following the collapse of that threat, the OSCE could have pushed actively for democratic reforms throughout the region.
Instead the principle of unanimity was maintained, which made it almost impossible to take action against human rights abuses in member states. Only during the civil war in the former Yugoslavia did the OSCE break through this blockade.
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights
In spite of the OSCE's institutional problems, the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) was set up in 1990 to perform such functions as observing elections in member states. Over the years the ODIHR has consistently observed the elections in Central Asia. Its reports document numerous cases of fraud and other abuses.
None of the elections held in Central Asia have ever even begun to meet the conditions for democratic representation of the will of the people. But the carefully drawn-up evidence of manipulation and electoral fraud has had absolutely no political consequences.
This self-imposed caution is counterproductive. During the nineties, the Central Asian societies and their governments were eager to move closer to Europe. If the OSCE had had a clear strategy and had linked it with the offer of serious help with economic development in the region, it would have had a chance of getting a dynamic reform process under way in Central Asia. Instead it stood on the sidelines and watched as post-Soviet ruling elites built up uncontested power structures within the artificial borders of their Central Asian states.
Playing off stability against democracy
The Central Asian rulers were able simply to play off stability against democracy. The dictators celebrated themselves as bulwarks against the threats of Islamism, state collapse, and—since September 11th, 2001—terrorism. In addition, the rulers have justified the lack of democracy in their countries with a Central Asian mentality which has nothing in common with Western ideas of the individual and pluralism. According to this view, citizens of Uzbekistan are happy to be tortured by corrupt policemen and to have their property confiscated.
Now, as Russian national and economic self-confidence have been restored by increases in world market prices for the raw materials Russia produces, Moscow has turned itself into the protector of the Central Asian dictators. The OSCE, already toothless, will find itself pressured by a reinvigorated Russia to withdraw even further from its (so far only perfunctory) role as a guardian of civil rights.
The case of Uzbekistan has shown most clearly the dangers of this softly-softly approach by the OSCE. In spite of its fourteen-year membership of the organisation, the Uzbek government had no hesitation in firing on its own people during a demonstration in Andijan on May 13th. This massacre was the bloodiest excess of a brutal and corrupt regime which has been able to consolidate its power under the benevolent patronage of the western democracies.
The danger now is that the unchallenged terror regime in Tashkent will lead to the destabilisation of the whole region between the Caspian Sea and the Chinese border. The OSCE must wake up at last and take firm action against the coalition of dictators in its own ranks.
Marcus Bensmann
© Die Tageszeitung/Qantara.de 2006
Translated from the German by Michael Lawton
Islamists in Tajikistan
Fragile Peace Teetering on the Brink
Tajikistan is facing economic collapse. While the powers that be are still mourning the passing of the Soviet Union, the Islamist resistance in the Fergana Valley continues to grow. Tobias Asmuth reports
Analysis Michael Lüders
Tea in Timur's Garden
In his new book, Michael Lüders focuses on the world's crisis areas in the wake of the Iraq war and, in particular, on the states of Central Asia: Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. He analyses why there are radical Islamic movements in these regions and how highly flammable flashpoints come about there
Central Asian Republics
A Balancing Act between Democracy and Islam
What role does Islam play in the Central Asian republics? What progress has been made in the democratization process and how does the EU fit into the picture? An interview with Reinhard Krumm, director of the Central Asian Office of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung


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To be more competitive in their local market, a lot of in-bay carwash owners are adding dryers to their equipment package. Whether it's built into the in-bay automatic equipment or a separate drive-through system, a dryer provides an added service most customers want and are willing to pay for. Although having a dryer with an in-bay automatic has a lot of benefits, it also comes with high customer expectations that must be met.
Besides on-board dryers, there are several other types that can be retrofitted to existing installations. Some of them include floor mounted, wall mounted and even some that attach outside over the exit door. And, if vehicles are cleaned and rinsed properly, most of these dryers will do a satisfactory job of drying customers' vehicles while improving your bottom line.
As simple as they are, dryers still need ongoing preventative maintenance for them to perform to their full potential and avoid costly down time. Usually, when a dryer needs immediate attention it will let you know with new and unfamiliar sounds. Although some repairs can be delayed and addressed at a convenient time, others can evolve into more serious problems that can result in higher repair costs or even damage to a vehicle. Here are a few of the typical problems that can occur and their suggested solutions.
Fan failure
Problem: The most serious problem that can have the most dangerous consequences for a dryer is fan failure. An early warning sign of this problem is excessive vibration. If ignored, vibration can lead to motor bearing failure, or worse yet, metal fatigue which can cause the fan to break apart. And should that happen, pieces of metal become projectiles that can strike vehicles or possibly someone working nearby. Don't let that happen!
Cause: In almost all cases, excessive vibration is caused by out-of-balance fans. This condition is often the result of debris caught in a fan blade. If allowed to continue, the motor bearings will wear prematurely causing the fan to vibrate even more.
Corrective Action: Safety should always be your first consideration when deciding what action to take. If excessive vibration suddenly develops, the motor should be shut down immediately at the manual disconnect and locked in the off position. With the fan stopped, remove any debris caught in the blades. Then, inspect the entire fan with a flashlight for metal fatigue or cracking. If cracks are found, consider it an early warning of eventual fan failure and put it out of service permanently. Also, check the condition of the motor bearings by grasping the fan with both hands and try to move it side-to-side. If movement is felt, that would suggest the motor bearings are worn and may be the source of the vibration. This condition can only get worse, so replace the bearings immediately.
Circuit breaker tripping
Problem: The motor starter or circuit breaker trips often.
Cause: This condition is usually caused by excessive electrical overload or possibly defective motor controls.
Corrective Action: A qualified electrician should measure the electrical load of each leg while the motor is running at full speed as well as during start-up. It's normal for start-up amps to reach three to four times the FLA (full load amps) listed on the motor name plate. Once the motor is running at full speed, the amp load should return to name plate FLA readings. Keep in mind that most motors are capable of running on several voltages and each voltage listed on the name plate has a corresponding FLA.
If all the motor loads are within name plate specifications, the motor starter or breaker could be the source of the problem and should be checked.
Squeaking engines
Problem: The motor makes a squeaking noise as it slows down to stop.
Cause: This sound can often be caused by dry or worn motor bearings.
Corrective Action: Normally, when a motor bearing begins to squeak it's too late to save, and it should be replaced. Sometimes replacement can be delayed for a short period of time with a few pumps from a grease gun providing the motor has grease zerks. But don't assume that greasing the bearing is a permanent solution, especially with the bearing that carries the weight of the fan. Continued wear of this bearing increases clearance between the ball bearings and race allowing the fan to become unbalanced and vibrate. This condition can also lead to fan failure.
Poor performance
Problem: Dryers have unsatisfactory performance.
Cause: Some dryers just don't perform very well because of their design. Unfortunately, there is no simple or inexpensive solution for that. Another reason for operator dissatisfaction is that some were forced to install low horsepower dryers because of the limited electrical power available at their carwash. Again, the solution is an expensive one. Also, if vehicles using the dryer have a film on them or haven't been rinsed properly, they won't dry very well either.
Corrective Action: First and foremost, the dryer must be operated and maintained properly so that it performs to its full potential. To ensure maximum drying quality, make sure the vehicles are clean and the final rinse water contains a drying agent. Without a drying agent, spot-free water tends to "cling" to surfaces and is more difficult to remove.
Another and more aggressive way to improve drying quality is to increase the volume and velocity of the air stream. That can be achieved by replacing the existing air producers with more efficient ones or, depending on the available electrical power, add more producers.
Archie Johnson is with The Dryer Pros located in Phoenix, AZ, where he specializes in designing and manufacturing vehicle dryers. If you have any questions about dryers, he can be reached at (602) 272-2940 or by email at [email protected].


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Reporters routinely describe Ron Paul's foreign policy views as "isolationist" because he opposes the promiscuous use of military force. This is like calling him a recluse because he tries to avoid fistfights.
The implicit assumption that violence is the only way to interact with the world reflects the oddly circumscribed nature of foreign policy debates in mainstream American politics. It shows why Paul's perspective is desperately needed in the campaign for the Republican presidential nomination.
Orthodox. Faithful. Free.
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As the Texas congressman has patiently explained many times, he supports international trade, travel, migration, diplomacy and cultural exchange. Furthermore, he supports military action when it is necessary for national defense — in response to the 9/11 attacks, for example.
The inaccurate "isolationist" label marks Paul as a fringe character whose views can be safely ignored. Given the dire consequences of reckless interventionism, that clearly is not the case.
This week, the U.S. officially ended its war in Iraq, nearly nine years after launching it based on the false claim that Saddam Hussein posed a threat to us because he had weapons of mass destruction.
The war, which replaced a brutal dictator with a corrupt, wobbly elected government that may not be able to defend Iraq's borders or maintain peace in a country riven by sectarian violence, cost the U.S. $800 billion and nearly 4,500 American lives. More than 100,000 civilians were killed during the invasion and its aftermath.
The regime installed by the U.S. in Afghanistan to replace al-Qaida's Taliban allies is even weaker and more corrupt than the one in Iraq. Ten years after the invasion, we still have 100,000 troops in Afghanistan, and so far the war has cost about $500 billion, 1,800 American lives and thousands of civilian casualties.
The United States would have avoided both of these costly nation-building projects if Congress had listened to Ron Paul — or even to George W. Bush circa 2000, who (as Paul frequently notes) ran on a promise of a "humble" foreign policy that would not aim to solve all the world's problems. Now that the same people who supported the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are portraying Iran as an intolerable threat to national security, some Paulian skepticism surely is appropriate.
That is especially true at a time when the federal government borrows 36 cents of every dollar it spends, racking up a debt as big as the entire U.S. economy. At the Nov. 22 debate, Paul corrected Mitt Romney, who complained that the Obama administration is "cutting a trillion dollars out of the defense budget." Actually, Paul said, "they're not cutting anything"; rather, "they're nibbling away at baseline budgeting and its automatic increases," and "people on the Hill are nearly hysterical because … the budget isn't going up as rapidly as they want it to."
Rick Santorum illustrated that attitude at the Oct. 18 debate by proudly declaring, "I would absolutely not cut one penny out of military spending." The U.S. has military personnel in about 150 countries, has nearly doubled its so-called defense budget in the last decade and accounts for more than two-fifths of the world's military spending. But somehow there's not a penny to spare.
Alone among the GOP presidential contenders, Paul challenges this sort of mindless militarism. "We have an empire," he bluntly noted at the same debate. "We can't afford it."
For 35 years, Ron Paul has been speaking truths that the foreign policy mavens of both parties prefer to ignore: that the Constitution gives Congress alone the power to declare war, that unjustified interventions breed resentment that undermines our security, that there is a difference between military spending and defense spending, that foreign aid rewards autocrats and their cronies and that economic sanctions are an "an act of war" that hurts people in the name of punishing the governments that oppress them. If there really is no room for these arguments in the Republican Party, that is the party's fault, not Paul's.


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YOUNG, JOHN, merchant, business promoter, and manufacturer; b. 30 Jan. 1808, Galston, Ayrshire, Scotland, youngest son of James Young, merchant in Galston, and Margaret Mason; d. 20 March 1873, Hamilton, Ont.
In 1825, after finishing his education in Galston, John Young opened a small hardware business in nearby Kilmarnock with his brother James. Seemingly it did not prosper, and Young soon sought other employment. In 1828 he secured a post with Pollok, Gilmour and Company, Glasgow shipowners and timber merchants [see John Gilmour], who sent him to clerk in their new Montreal branch, William Ritchie and Company. William Ritchie* decided in 1832 to open a branch in Hamilton, which, though a small community, seemed best located to capture the trade of Upper Canada's rapidly developing west. To run the new store, he chose John Young, whose ambition, ability, and, perhaps, modest capital made him an ideal manager. The business, known briefly as Young and Weir, then as John Young and Company, retailed dry goods, groceries, and hardware, sought wholesaling business in the west, and bought or solicited consignments of wheat, flour, staves, and ashes for William Ritchie and Company.
The west grew rapidly; Hamilton's population, reflecting this growth, doubled twice in five years, and Young, with his strong financial support, took full advantage of his opportunities. But then his senior partners quarrelled, and the future became uncertain. In 1840, Peter* and Isaac Buchanan*, Toronto's leading wholesalers, were establishing a Hamilton branch; to strengthen its management and remove a competitor, they asked Young to join them. He quickly accepted, for Isaac Buchanan had full financial support in Glasgow and offered the opportunity of certain expansion. In June 1840 Isaac Buchanan and Young opened Buchanan, Harris and Company, whose store Peter Buchanan described as "the largest establishment in British North America."
Young's capital in 1840 totalled $22,000. During his association with the Buchanans the business continued to grow with the west and his capital increased to well over $120,000. In the 1850s, Young and the Buchanans' Montreal partner, James Law, sought greater recognition in the firm. Increasingly heated conflict with the Buchanans ensued, and late in 1853 Young and Law withdrew from the Buchanan firms to establish Young, Law and Company in Hamilton and Glasgow, and Law, Young and Company in Montreal. Glasgow, where both men were well known in mercantile circles, was their centre for finance and buying; their Hamilton outlet, under Young, sold wholesale groceries and dry goods; and the Montreal firm, under Law, sold wholesale groceries and hardware, dealt in Upper Canadian produce, and forwarded goods to Hamilton. Prosperity during the next three years, the peak of the 1850s boom, enabled Young and Law to establish their business solidly.
Like other successful merchants in Canada, Young was anxious to develop new financial institutions. A large shareholder in the Gore Bank, he was elected to its first board in 1836. He resigned his directorship in 1837 to protest lending policy, gained re-election after the crisis of 1837–38, but resigned in the early 1840s to save his own business reputation after again failing to force the Gore to alter its policy of lending heavily to its own directors. In 1847 he took the leading part in founding the Canada Life Assurance Company; for the next 20 years he was its vice-president and then, for five years, its president.
Although Young subscribed to the abortive London and Gore Railroad Company in 1834 and, through his connection with the Buchanans, played some part in the promotion of its successor, the Great Western, railways were not one of his central interests until 1856. Then, discontented British stockholders, seeking to consolidate the Great Western, began a revolution in the Great Western Railway Company. They asked Young, a minor shareholder untainted by previous involvement, to become vice-president of the railway and chairman of its Canadian board. He held both posts for ten years and was also a director of the Hamilton and Lake Erie Railway. In 1850, Young organized the Hamilton Gas Light Company, and for the next 23 years he was its president. He was a member of the executive of the Hamilton Board of Trade from its founding in 1845 until his death, and served as president from 1846 to 1852 and again in 1857–58.
In 1835, Young married Anne Coleman, daughter of an English gentleman farming at Paris, Upper Canada, and had several children by her. He captained a militia company in 1837. As his family, wealth, and social standing grew during the 1840s, he built Undermount, a large home on the newly fashionable mountainside of Hamilton. Outside business, his leading interest was the Church of Scotland. In 1833 he helped found St Andrew's Church in Hamilton and, in the 1850s, he contributed heavily to its building fund; for many years he was its trustee and senior elder. He helped to found in Hamilton the Mechanics' Institute, the Mercantile Library Association, and the Protestant Orphan Asylum. Young never took an active role in politics; although he was friendly with Allan MacNab*, he rejected compact Toryism and was always a moderate Conservative.
Like all businesses in Upper Canada, Young's was hard hit by the commercial crisis in 1857–58. After the crisis, Hamilton's trade failed to revive and the city's challenge to Toronto and Montreal as a wholesaling centre was over. Young, Law and Company wrote off much capital, but the firm survived, and, by 1866, Young was ready to retire from trade. Three employees, Alexander Thomson, William Birkett, and John Bell, took over the dry goods business, and the grocery business was wound up completely. Young now turned to manufacturing, taking over Joseph Wright's Dundas Cotton Mills. This transition was most unusual for someone of Young's mercantile eminence, and it must be assumed that he acted to rescue tied-up capital, probably invested originally by Young, Law and Company as short-term commercial credit which Wright could not repay. Young, Law and Company continued in being, as manufacturers instead of traders.
By 1873, Young was said to have succeeded as a manufacturer, and he remained president of Canada Life and the Gas Light Company. At the time of his death he was at the head of Hamilton's business community, a community whose growth he had done much to foster.
Hamilton Public Library, A. W. Roy, "Newspaper clippings scrapbook," 13. PAC, MG 24, D16 (Buchanan papers). City of Hamilton, Directories, 1853, 1856, 1858, 1862, 1865–66, 1870, 1871–72, 1872–73. City of Hamilton and county of Wentworth, Directories, 1867–68, 1868–69. Great Western Railway of Canada, Report of the directors, 1852, 1856–66. Scobie & Balfour's Canadian almanac, and repository of useful knowledge . . . (Toronto), 1850–52. M. F. Campbell, A mountain and a city, the story of Hamilton (Toronto, 1966). A. W. Currie, The Grand Trunk Railway of Canada (Toronto, 1957). C. M. Johnston, The head of the lake, a history of Wentworth County (Hamilton, Ont., 1958). John Rankin, A history of our firm, being some account of the firm of Pollok, Gilmour and Co. and its offshoots and connections, 1804–1920 (2nd ed., Liverpool, 1921). Ross and Trigge, History of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, I. [W. J. Shaw], A century of service; St. Paul's Church (Presbyterian), Hamilton, Ontario (Hamilton, Ont., 1933). G. R. Stevens, Canadian National Railways (2v., Toronto, 1960),I. J. R. Holden, "Historical data re state and church in the county of Wentworth," Wentworth Hist. Soc. Papers and Records (Hamilton, Ont.), III (1902), 44–71.
© 1972–2024 University of Toronto/Université Laval
Cite This Article
Douglas McCalla, "YOUNG, JOHN (1808-73)," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 10, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed February 20, 2024, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/young_john_1808_73_10E.html.
The citation above shows the format for footnotes and endnotes according to the Chicago manual of style (16th edition). Information to be used in other citation formats:
Permalink: | http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/young_john_1808_73_10E.html |
Author of Article: | Douglas McCalla |
Title of Article: | YOUNG, JOHN (1808-73) |
Publication Name: | Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 10 |
Publisher: | University of Toronto/Université Laval |
Year of publication: | 1972 |
Year of revision: | 1972 |
Access Date: | February 20, 2024 |


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Yes, this is for real- no shit! The Special Shit family of seasonings has just what it takes to add that extra flair to whatever you're cooking. We've got seasonings that are great on meats, in sauces, and even to keep on the table to spice up your favorite dish. We've also got a great BBQ sauce (not that thick, overly-sweet shit you get at the grocery store) that makes any BBQ special. And if you're looking to snack, we've got you covered with our Hot Shit salsa and our Dip Shit dip mixes.
Special Shit products complete any cook's kitchen, and they make great gifts too. Sure, our clever names will make people laugh, but the flavors of our products will surely bring a smile to their faces. We sell our products separately and also in gift sets. Yes, we think it's a great idea too!
Feel free to peruse our website and see what we're all about. Order online, look up stores that are smart enough to sell our products, view great recipes, and read up on the history of our company. We hope you enjoy yourself!


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Hotel Repubblica Marinara is a modern hotel just 2 km from Pisa Centrale Train Station. It offers free parking, and elegant rooms with parquet floors. A free shuttle service to/from the station, airport and historic centre is available.
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IMF Survey : Greece Makes Progress, But More Effort Needed to Restore Growth
June 5, 2013
- Substantial progress on fiscal and current account adjustment
- Further reforms needed to restore growth, reduce unemployment, increase fairness
- Recapitalization and restructuring of banking sector almost complete
Greece has made substantial progress in strengthening its fiscal position and increasing its competitiveness, but it still needs to plough on with structural reforms to boost growth and generate jobs, says the IMF's mission chief for Greece.
Greek Economy
Poul Thomsen spoke to IMF Survey on the publication of the Fund's annual health check of the Greek economy, which was approved by the IMF's Executive Board on May 31, together with the third review of the IMF's €28 billion loan under the Extended Fund Facility.
IMF Survey: Greece has made significant progress in reducing its economic imbalances. Just how much has been achieved?
Thomsen: Greece has made very substantial progress in reducing its fiscal imbalances. It has undertaken a fiscal effort of close to 15 percent of GDP in underlying adjustment. This is large by any international comparison. And this year, Greece is on track to reach primary balance, so that spending—before you include interest payments—is equal to revenues. So, Greece has come to a much better situation on the fiscal side. Similarly, on the external current account side, imports have been dramatically reduced, bringing over 10 percentage points of GDP improvement in the external current account position. Competitiveness has also improved. There is still a competitiveness gap, but it's been substantially reduced.
IMF Survey: What else is needed to restore growth and also bringing back jobs?
Thomsen: The big question is indeed, where growth will come from. This will require flexibility in the economy to be able to reallocate resources from low-productivity to high-productivity activities, to be able to hire workers into higher-productivity jobs. Key to achieving this is structural reforms to enhance productivity as well as reforms to tax and public administration.
There have been pervasive restrictions in professions, product markets and services markets, which have limited entry into various sectors and kept prices high. There are restrictions, for example, to become a tourist guide.
Another example is that many over-the-counter products are allowed to be sold only in pharmacies where there is a guaranteed margin, which keeps prices high for consumers. These products should be available at any store, and pharmacy margins need to be liberalized. The authorities have begun to take some steps at lowering entry barriers, but those steps have not yet achieved the desired outcome.
In the area of tax collection, Greece has been successful in raising taxes on those whose salaries are reported by their employers. But there's a very large self-employed sector, including the wealthy, that has tended to evade its fair share of taxes. The self-employed sector tends to be involved in very small- scale operations that limit growth opportunities. Tax administration reform has begun, but there's much more to go. The revenue yield from effective tax administration could prevent the need for further, across-the-board spending cuts to meet fiscal targets.
Another very important area where Greece needs to make improvements is on reforming the public sector to reduce costs and improve efficiency. There have been no mandatory dismissals yet in the public sector, despite widespread job losses in the private sector. Those in the public sector who are unqualified or low performing have continued to have protected jobs, making it more difficult to improve the quality of public services and hire better qualified workers from the large ranks of the unemployed.
Reforms in each of these key areas should make resource allocation more efficient and increase productivity. They would also result in a more equitable distribution of the burden of adjustment, thus increasing public support for the authorities' program.
IMF Survey: Given that Greece has made progress in consolidating its fiscal position, do you think that there's any space to relax its tax or spending policies?
Thomsen: Greece is well on its way to completing its fiscal consolidation, but it still has some way to go. In this regard, much of the fiscal adjustment in 2014 is assumed to come from reforms that are clearly still running behind, notably reforms to improve tax collections and to modernize the public sector, including making room to hire new talent by being more willing to layoff those who do not perform.
In our view, the Greek authorities should not consider reducing taxes before there is clear evidence that these reforms are working, although one can, of course, always consider already-agreed fiscal measures, including taxes, with other measures.
IMF Survey: How sustainable is Greece's debt? Will there be a need for further debt relief?
Thomsen: While Greece's debt level is projected to remain high into the medium term, it will be on a clear downward path, and Greece's European partners have also promised to provide any additional debt relief required to keep it on this path, provided of course that Greece implements the program as promised.
In concrete terms, they have committed to take any necessary measures to reduce the country's debt to 124 percent of GDP in 2020, and substantially below 110 percent in 2022, provided Greece meets its fiscal targets.
With most debt already held by the public sector, we are optimistic that this commitment will be sufficient to convince private investors that, although debt will remain high for many years, there is now a credible framework in place for a gradual reduction to sustainable levels. But we will, of course, have to follow the situation closely so as to be sure that the high debt is not holding back private investors.
IMF Survey: How is the recapitalization of the banking sector progressing?
Thomsen: The recapitalization and restructuring of the banking sector is nearly complete. Essentially, Greece has consolidated banks and the banking system is now basically comprised of four core banks. The Hellenic Financial Stability Fund has injected a very large amount of money to ensure that the banks have an appropriate amount of capital.
The government now has a majority stake in a lot of these banks, so it's important that the authorities push ahead with ensuring government safeguards are there, so these banks are run on commercial terms; and that the government moves forward to reprivatize the banks as rapidly as possible.


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It's that wonderful time of the year–flu season! And to add to it, this year adds in the lovely schweingrippe to the mix. So, I imagine that hospitals are putting together all sorts of plans for how to handle this. I like to have positive attitudes (ha!) towards those in leadership positions. Then I read this from At Your Cervix (she's a labor and delivery nurse):
On top of all of this, our hospital has put out the following rules: anyone with confirmed H1N1 or suspected flu must NOT work for the duration of the fever. Also, you may NOT work for at least 24 hrs of being without a fever (not using tylenol or ibuprofen to reduce the fever). All time missed at work….get this……will be considered an UNEXCUSED ABSENCE and you will receive an "occurrence" for the time called off.
What dunderhead in HR thought this up? Here are medical people who will be taking care of sick people, or newborns, or pregnant/post-partum women and we want to both require them to take time off and penalize them for doing so? I presume after a certain number of "occurrences" a person gets terminated, or suspended, or something else bad.
Now, some HR defender will say, "Hey, all the employees just have to get flu shots and they won't get sick. The punishment is because they failed to get flu shots." I agree that they should get flu shots (in my non-medical agreement sort of way). The company I used to work for gave free flu shots to everyone (on a voluntary basis, of course) because it was cheaper than having people gone for days at a time. So flu shots, yes.
However, a flu shot is no guarantee that you won't get the flu. Two years ago, three people that I know personally ended up in the hospital with the flu, even though they had previously had flu shots. No flu shot covers all possible mutations of the nasty little virus. So, you can't use that against the person.
Furthermore, this is a hospital, where you are surely more likely to be exposed to germs than the normal human. (Although I ride public transportation, so I'm surprised I'm still alive, quite frankly. I will admit, though, that the Swiss are so clean, their snot is probably sterile.)
And I hear another HR defender saying, "This was probably a decision from Finance! HR had no say in it." Hogwash I say. And even though I love to complain about finance as much as the next person, it's not finance's job to worry about people. That is HR's job. (Not saying that finance should be filled with heartless people, but they have a different focus.) Our job is to lead people. Our job is to see that the business succeeds and the best way to do that is to have the best people and take care of them.
If it was the CFO who insisted on this lame-brained policy, then the head of HR should have the knowledge and skill necessary to demonstrate how this will hurt the hospital. Because he/she obviously didn't, I'll help out a bit. (And I believe this hospital is in PA, my former home, so when we return their in a few years, I'll be happy to take this job, as I am now demonstrating that I can do it better than the current head of HR. Of course, a kindergartener could do this better, as a 5 year old would never think to punish someone for being sick.)
1. This is a huge morale killer. Even if a person doesn't get sick, she now knows that the hospital doesn't care one bit about her. People who are unhappy at work do not perform as well as happy employees.
2. There is no cost savings in this. If you end up terminating an employee due to too many "occurrences" you will need to replace her. It costs much more than one week's salary to recruit, hire, and train a new employee. It would not be unusual for it to take 6 months for a new employee to be as competent as the one you've just fired.
3. It is likely to increase the percentage of people coming to work while sick. If you have bills (and everybody does), you need your job. As long as you can hobble around, you'll be there, infecting everyone around you and lying about how great you feel. This will mean more people will get sick and your patients will suffer as well.
4. Voluntary turnover will increase as well. I know the economy is terrible. That just means that only your best employees will be able to find new jobs. Do you understand that? The BEST will be able to find new jobs. Is that what you want? To drive your best employees out? Who do you think pulls companies through recessions? It's not the slackers. It's the best employees.
5. Punishment should be reserved for someone who skips work to go shopping, or because they have a hangover. Punishments should not be given for involuntary illnesses. And yes, you can wash your hands all day long and use hand sanitizer and still get the flu.
This is just plain bad policy. I hope they come to their senses.


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The Mitchell FC FOX Grandeur CameraBy: Richard Bennett and Erin Bennett Here at CinemaGear we specialize in the repair, restoration, and maintenance of Mitchell cameras of all types. Over the years we have had some unique and historical cameras come into our collection. One piece we found most interesting is Mitchell FC #8. After bringing the camera back to good working to condition, we started to look into its history and we were fascinated by the development of the Grandeur wide screen sound on film system. I thought we might share some of the things we have found here. The Fox Grandeur process was one of the early attempts at a widescreen cinema format developed in the late 1920's. One film critic from the Daily Boston Globe noted about the Grandeur process itself, "The screen is literally throwing somersaults in its scientific progress". Hardly had the industry recovered from the revolution of the talkie when the third epoch, wide film, spun out of an inventor's dream into reality. [1] The Fox Grandeur widescreen system was born out of William Fox's desire to control the technology and equipment that movies were made with. Fox already owned his Fox Film Corporation, the Fox movie theater chain, studio production facilities on both the west and east coasts of the United States, he had acquired the U.S. rights to the German Tri-Ergon patents which were vital to the sound-on-film systems of the day, along with the rights to the Movietone sound-on-film process, and the he purchased the Mitchell Camera Corporation. Sound had already taken the industry by storm and color was beginning to gain a foothold, but it was in wide screen film format that Fox saw the most potential to expand his businesses. With wide film came the possibility for larger screens, which in turn made for the opportunity to build larger theaters with a greater number of seats available. More seats of course meant higher ticket sales and more potential profit flowing from his theaters. Fox intended to use his ownership interest in the Mitchell Camera Corporation to produce the cameras that he envisioned everyone in the business would then use to shoot wide screen movies. Thomas Edison's 35mm film format had become the default industry standard but as sound became a reality the familiar rectangular format had lost some of its picture area to the sound-on-film technology, sacrificing some of its space for the optical soundtrack. At the same time movie theaters had grown in size to accommodate larger audiences, but the limitations of the 35mm film frame made it impossible to project a larger image without sacrificing image quality. Wide film seemed to be the perfect solution to both of these problems, as a larger image on a larger piece of film would reduce the graininess of the projected image and allow for even larger theater screens. Our research indicates that William Fox's initial interest in developing a wide film system of his own was sparked by the demonstration of John D. Elms' Widescope camera. First developed in 1922, Elms' early Widescope camera shot two pieces of 35mm film simultaneously with two separate lenses, one above the other. The two resulting images were projected synchronously onto a single screen for a final view twice the width of a standard 35mm image. [2] By 1927, the Widescope camera had evolved to shoot on a single piece of film using a rotating lens to capture a wide image. [3] Fox purchased the rights to Elms' system and set his engineering division at the Fox Case Corporation the task of creating a viable camera system for widescreen sound-on-film feature production. [4] At the helm of this project was Earl I. Sponable, half of the team responsible for the creation of the Movietone sound-on-film process. Sponable and his team quickly deemed the Elms camera design to be impractical "due to the loss of light in panoramming the lens and the inertia of the moving parts" and abandoned it. [5] A new camera based on the tried and true 35mm Movietone News camera was developed in the shop of the J.M. Wall Company and modified to shoot 70mm film, but this too was deemed unsatisfactory in the end. In February of 1928, the Mitchell Camera Corporation was commissioned to build a camera based on their popular 35mm Mitchell Standard camera. The resulting camera shot 70mm Grandeur format film, giving the images twice the picture area of a standard 35mm movie and a larger area to record the optical soundtrack. [6] It was this design that Sponable and the Fox Case team settled on for their Fox Grandeur camera, dubbed the Mitchell FC (or Mitchell Fox Camera). [7] William Fox was so convinced of the potential of the Grandeur widescreen system that he paid for all of the research and development himself rather than using studio funds. By the end of 1928, Sponable had a working camera from Mitchell and was ready to film tests before any feature production was begun. Three Grandeur cameras were ordered from Mitchell in late 1928 to begin initial production. [8] Ten more cameras were ordered in June 1929. [9] The Mitchell Camera Corporation records show that the Fox Film Corporation received at least 9 of these proposed 13 cameras before Grandeur production was abandoned in 1931. [10] In all, our research shows that four feature films and three short subject films were shot with the Grandeur System by the Fox Film Corporation between 1929 and 1931. Most significant of these was Raoul Walsh's 1930 classic film "The Big Trail" which features a young John Wayne in his first starring role. There is strong evidence in our continuing research which indicates that our camera, serial #8, was one of the cameras that shot "The Big Trail." The 70mm Grandeur format was used by other companies in their attempts at wide screen systems as well. Our camera, Mitchell FC #8, was carefully disassembled, all of the parts cleaned and lubricated, and reassembled to make it once again into a working camera. All of the internal working parts of the camera itself have matching serial numbers. However, the L base is marked from camera #1. We were fortunate enough to find the matching matte box with serial #8 in the collection of Martin Hill, and after a long search, a vintage Mitchell FC 75mm Baltar lens was added to the camera. Currently the camera is fitted with a sidefinder from a Mitchell BFC as we have yet to find an original FC sidefinder. The hunt and research into this camera's history continue. References [1] Mayme Ober Park. "Wide Film Makes its Debut Auspiciously at Movie Capital," Daily Boston Globe, March 13, 1930, 29. Accessed December 4, 2012. (ProQuest Historical Newspapers. [2] John D. Elms. "Demonstration and Description of the Widescope Camera," Transaction of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 14 (1922): 124-129. [3] John Belton. "Grandeur: A History, 1927-1930," (paper, Rutgers University, 1990), 4. [4] Earl I. Sponable. "Grandeur Cameras" memo from Sponable to W.C. Michel. June 24, 1932. Earl Sponable Collection, Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscript Library, New York City, NY. [5] Sponable memo to Mitchell. [6] Grandeur format 70mm film was a 4-pert pulldown process with a frame size of 48mm wide by 22.5mm high. [7] Sponable memo to Mitchell. [8] Sponable memo to Mitchell. [9] Purchase Order # A. 4175 from Fox Case Corporation. June 17, 1929. Earl Sponable Collection, Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscript Library, New York City, NY. [10] Mitchell Camera Corporation shipping ledger. February 24, 1964. Mitchell Camera Corporation. "The Camera That Filmed
Hollywood" |


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Villanova University is a Catholic Augustinian community of higher education, committed to excellence and distinction in the discovery, dissemination and application of knowledge. Inspired by the life and teaching of Jesus Christ, the University is grounded in the wisdom of the Catholic intellectual tradition and advances a deeper understanding of the relationship between faith and reason.
Villanova emphasizes and celebrates the liberal arts and sciences as foundational to all academic programs. The University community welcomes and respects members of all faiths who seek to nurture a concern for the common good and who share an enthusiasm for the challenge of responsible and productive citizenship in order to build a just and peaceful world.
In pursuit of this mission, we commit ourselves to academic excellence, to our values and traditions, and to our students, alumni and the global community.


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Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more.
Permits are not required for maintenance/repairs such as re-shingling a roof, installing or replacing vinyl siding. Window and/or door replacement does not require a permit so long as the opening sizes and placement remain the same.
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Also, keep in mind that if you have litter or trash in your yard or on your porch such as cups, bottles, cans, debris, you may be issued a violation carrying a fine beginning at $20 and escalating up to $100.


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Morrow gets call for Grapefruit League opener
DUNEDIN, Fla. -- Manager John Gibbons unveiled his tentative pitching schedule on Tuesday afternoon for the start of the Grapefruit League season.
Brandon Morrow will open the Grapefruit League season on Saturday afternoon at 1:05 p.m. ET on MLB.TV against the Tigers. The following day, the Blue Jays will play a pair of split-squad games, with lefty Mark Buehrle getting the call at home against the Orioles while J.A. Happ will go on the road to face the Yankees. Both games are at 1:05 ET, and Toronto's game vs. New York will air on MLB.TV.
That's as far as the Blue Jays have planned so far. Toronto needs to appropriately schedule No. 1 starter R.A. Dickey so his starts line up on schedule with an upcoming appearance at the World Baseball Classic.
Dickey might get the call on Monday afternoon at 1:05 p.m. against a split-squad Red Sox club, but if not, the start will go to right-hander Josh Johnson. That decision is expected to be made in the very near future.


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Boeing sees China's air fleet tripling in 20 years
Sept. 5, 2013, Beijing, China - China's airlines are likely to triple the size of their fleets over the next two decades, driven by strong economic growth and rising tourism spending, Boeing Co. said Thursday.
September 5, 2013 By Carey Fredericks
Boeing and European rival Airbus Industries are looking to China to drive sales as growth in demand cools elsewhere. China's economic growth fell to a two-decade low of 7.5 per cent in the latest quarter but that still was well above forecasts for the United States and Europe.
Purchases by Chinese carriers should rise 7 per cent a year through to 2032, totalling 5,580 planes for $780 billion, Boeing Co. said in an annual sales outlook. It said that should account for one-sixth of global sales.
The outlook represents an increase over last year's 20-year forecast of sales of 5,260 new airplanes valued at $670 million in 2012-2031.
"Tourism in China and intra-Asia travel will help spur a strong demand for single-aisle airplanes,'' the Seattle-based aircraft manufacturer said in a statement.
It said sales of wide-body planes should be driven by growth in long-haul traffic to and from China.


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Documentation based on man pcreapi, written by Philip Hazel, 2007.
License : BSD3 Maintainer: Don Stewart firstname.lastname@example.com Stability : experimental Portability: CPP, FFI Tested with: GHC 6.8.2
Raw FFI bindings to PCRE functions and constants.
- type PCRE = ()
- data Regex = Regex !(ForeignPtr PCRE) !ByteString
- c_pcre_compile :: CString -> PCREOption -> Ptr CString -> Ptr CInt -> Ptr Word8 -> IO (Ptr PCRE)
- c_pcre_exec :: Ptr PCRE -> Ptr PCREExtra -> Ptr Word8 -> CInt -> CInt -> PCREExecOption -> Ptr CInt -> CInt -> IO CInt
- c_pcre_fullinfo :: Ptr PCRE -> Ptr PCREExtra -> PCREInfo -> Ptr a -> IO CInt
- data PCREOption
- combineOptions :: [PCREOption] -> PCREOption
- anchored :: PCREOption
- auto_callout :: PCREOption
- caseless :: PCREOption
- dollar_endonly :: PCREOption
- dotall :: PCREOption
- dupnames :: PCREOption
- extended :: PCREOption
- extra :: PCREOption
- firstline :: PCREOption
- multiline :: PCREOption
- newline_cr :: PCREOption
- newline_crlf :: PCREOption
- newline_lf :: PCREOption
- no_auto_capture :: PCREOption
- ungreedy :: PCREOption
- utf8 :: PCREOption
- no_utf8_check :: PCREOption
- data PCREExecOption
- combineExecOptions :: [PCREExecOption] -> PCREExecOption
- exec_anchored :: PCREExecOption
- exec_newline_cr :: PCREExecOption
- exec_newline_crlf :: PCREExecOption
- exec_newline_lf :: PCREExecOption
- exec_notbol :: PCREExecOption
- exec_noteol :: PCREExecOption
- exec_notempty :: PCREExecOption
- exec_no_utf8_check :: PCREExecOption
- exec_partial :: PCREExecOption
- type PCREError = CInt
- error_nomatch :: PCREError
- error_null :: PCREError
- error_badoption :: PCREError
- error_badmagic :: PCREError
- error_unknown_node :: PCREError
- error_nomemory :: PCREError
- error_nosubstring :: PCREError
- error_matchlimit :: PCREError
- error_callout :: PCREError
- error_badutf8 :: PCREError
- error_badutf8_offset :: PCREError
- error_partial :: PCREError
- error_badpartial :: PCREError
- error_internal :: PCREError
- error_badcount :: PCREError
- error_dfa_uitem :: PCREError
- error_dfa_ucond :: PCREError
- error_dfa_umlimit :: PCREError
- error_dfa_wssize :: PCREError
- error_dfa_recurse :: PCREError
- error_recursionlimit :: PCREError
- type PCREInfo = CInt
- info_options :: PCREInfo
- info_size :: PCREInfo
- info_capturecount :: PCREInfo
- info_backrefmax :: PCREInfo
- info_firstbyte :: PCREInfo
- info_firstchar :: PCREInfo
- info_firsttable :: PCREInfo
- info_lastliteral :: PCREInfo
- info_nameentrysize :: PCREInfo
- info_namecount :: PCREInfo
- info_nametable :: PCREInfo
- info_studysize :: PCREInfo
- info_default_tables :: PCREInfo
- type PCREConfig = CInt
- config_utf8 :: PCREConfig
- config_newline :: PCREConfig
- config_link_size :: PCREConfig
- config_posix_malloc_threshold :: PCREConfig
- config_match_limit :: PCREConfig
- config_stackrecurse :: PCREConfig
- config_unicode_properties :: PCREConfig
- config_match_limit_recursion :: PCREConfig
- type PCREExtraFlags = CInt
- extra_study_data :: PCREExtraFlags
- extra_match_limit :: PCREExtraFlags
- extra_callout_data :: PCREExtraFlags
- extra_tables :: PCREExtraFlags
- extra_match_limit_recursion :: PCREExtraFlags
- size_of_cint :: Int
A PCRE structure
An abstract pointer to a compiled PCRE Regex structure The structure allocated by the PCRE library will be deallocated automatically by the Haskell storage manager.
C exports
c_pcre_compile :: CString -> PCREOption -> Ptr CString -> Ptr CInt -> Ptr Word8 -> IO (Ptr PCRE)Source
Compile a pattern to an internal form. The pattern is a C string terminated by a binary zero. A pointer to a single block of memory that is obtained via pcre_malloc is returned. It is up to the caller to free the memory (via pcre_free) when it is no longer required
The options argument contains various bit settings that affect the compilation. It should be zero if no options are required.
If errptr is NULL, pcre_compile() returns NULL immediately. Otherwise, if compilation of a pattern fails, pcre_compile() returns NULL, and sets the variable pointed to by errptr to point to a textual error message.
The offset from the start of the pattern to the character where the error was discovered is placed in the variable pointed to by erroffset, which must not be NULL.
c_pcre_exec :: Ptr PCRE -> Ptr PCREExtra -> Ptr Word8 -> CInt -> CInt -> PCREExecOption -> Ptr CInt -> CInt -> IO CIntSource
This function matches a compiled regular expression against a given subject string, using a matching algorithm that is similar to Perl's. It returns offsets to captured substrings.
Its arguments are, in order:
Points to the compiled pattern (result of pcre_compile) -
Points to an associated pcre_extra structure (result of pcre_study), or is NULL -
Points to the subject string -
Length of the subject string, in bytes -
Offset in bytes in the subject at which to start matching -
Option bits -
Points to a vector of ints for result substrings -
Number of elements in the vector (a multiple of 3)
Note, subject not required to be null terminated.
c_pcre_fullinfo :: Ptr PCRE -> Ptr PCREExtra -> PCREInfo -> Ptr a -> IO CIntSource
Return information about a compiled pattern
PCRE Options, an abstract newtyped Num wrapper over a CInt
data PCREOption Source
A type for PCRE compile-time options. These are newtyped CInts, which can be bitwise-or'd together, using '(Data.Bits..|.)'
combineOptions :: [PCREOption] -> PCREOptionSource
Combine a list of options into a single option, using bitwise (.|.)
If this bit is set, the pattern is forced to be anchored, that is, it is constrained to match only at the first matching point in the string that is being searched (the subject string). This effect can also be achieved by appropriate constructs in the pattern itself, which is the only way to do it in Perl.
auto_callout :: PCREOptionSource
If this bit is set, compile automatically inserts callout items, all with number 255, before each pattern item. For discussion of the callout facility, see the man pcrecallout documentation
and bsr_unicode
These options (which are mutually exclusive) control what the \R escape sequence matches. The choice is either to match only CR, LF, or CRLF, or to match any Unicode new- line sequence. The default is specified when PCRE is built. It can be overridden from within the pattern, or by setting an option when a compiled pattern is matched.
bsr_anycrlf :: PCREOption bsr_anycrlf = PCREOption bsr_anycrlf_cint
. See bse_anycrlf
bsr_unicode :: PCREOption bsr_unicode = PCREOption bsr_unicode_cint
If this bit is set, letters in the pattern match both upper and lower case letters. It is equivalent to Perl's /i option, and it can be changed within a pattern by a (?i) option setting. In UTF-8 mode, PCRE always understands the concept of case for characters whose values are less than 128, so caseless matching is always possible. For characters with higher values, the concept of case is supported if PCRE is compiled with Unicode property sup- port, but not otherwise. If you want to use caseless matching for characters 128 and above, you must ensure that PCRE is compiled with Unicode property support as well as with UTF-8 support.
dollar_endonly :: PCREOptionSource
If this bit is set, a dollar metacharacter in the pattern matches only at
the end of the subject string. Without this option, a dollar also matches
immediately before a newline at the end of the string (but not before any other
newlines). The dollar_endonly
option is ignored if multiline
is set. There is no equivalent to this option in Perl, and no way to set it
within a pattern.
If this bit is set, a dot metacharater in the pattern matches all characters, including those that indicate newline. Without it, a dot does not match when the current position is at a newline. This option is equivalent to Perl's /s option, and it can be changed within a pattern by a (?s) option setting. A negative class such as [^a] always matches newline characters, independent of the setting of this option.
If this bit is set, names used to identify capturing subpatterns need not be unique. This can be helpful for certain types of pattern when it is known that only one instance of the named subpattern can ever be matched. There are more details of named subpatterns in the man pcreapi documentation.
If this bit is set, whitespace data characters in the pattern are totally ignored except when escaped or inside a character class. Whitespace does not include the VT character (code 11). In addition, characters between an unescaped # outside a character class and the next newline, inclusive, are also ignored. This is equivalent to Perl's /x option, and it can be changed within a pattern by a (?x) option setting.
This option makes it possible to include comments inside complicated patterns. Note, however, that this applies only to data characters. Whitespace characters may never appear within special character sequences in a pattern, for example within the sequence (?( which introduces a conditional subpattern.
This option was invented in order to turn on additional functionality of PCRE that is incompatible with Perl, but it is currently of very little use. When set, any backslash in a pattern that is followed by a letter that has no special meaning causes an error, thus reserving these combinations for future expansion. By default, as in Perl, a backslash followed by a letter with no special meaning is treated as a literal. (Perl can, however, be persuaded to give a warning for this.) There are at present no other features controlled by this option. It can also be set by a (?X) option setting within a pattern.
If this option is set, an unanchored pattern is required to match before or at the first newline in the subject string, though the matched text may continue over the newline.
By default, PCRE treats the subject string as consisting of a single line
of characters (even if it actually contains newlines). The start of line
metacharacter (^) matches only at the start of the string, while the end of line
metacharacter ($) matches only at the end of the string, or before a
terminating newline (unless dollar_endonly
is set). This is the same
as Perl.
When multiline
it is set, the start of line and end of line
constructs match immediately following or immediately before internal newlines
in the subject string, respectively, as well as at the very start and end. This
is equivalent to Perl's /m option, and it can be changed within a pattern by a
(?m) option setting. If there are no newlines in a subject string, or no occur-
rences of ^ or $ in a pattern, setting PCRE_MULTILINE has no effect.
newline_cr :: PCREOptionSource
newline_cr', newline_lf
, newline_crlf
, newline_any
These options override the default newline definition that
was chosen when PCRE was built. Setting the first or the
second specifies that a newline is indicated by a single
character (CR or LF, respectively). Setting newline_crlf
that a newline is indicated by the two-character CRLF sequence.
Setting newline_anycrlf
specifies that any of the three preceding sequences should
be recognized. Setting newline_any
specifies that any
Unicode newline sequence should be recognized. The Unicode
newline sequences are the three just mentioned, plus the
single characters VT (vertical tab, U+000B), FF (formfeed,
U+000C), NEL (next line, U+0085), LS (line separator,
U+2028), and PS (paragraph separator, U+2029). The last
two are recognized only in UTF-8 mode.
The newline setting in the options word uses three bits
that are treated as a number, giving eight possibilities.
Currently only six are used (default plus the five values
above). This means that if you set more than one newline
option, the combination may or may not be sensible. For
example, newline_cr
with newline_lf
is equivalent to
, but other combinations may yield unused numbers and
cause an error.
The only time that a line break is specially recognized
when compiling a pattern is if extended
is set, and
an unescaped # outside a character class is encountered.
This indicates a comment that lasts until after the next
line break sequence. In other circumstances, line break
sequences are treated as literal data, except that in
mode, both CR and LF are treated as whitespace characters
and are therefore ignored. --
The newline option that is set at compile time becomes the
default that is used for exec
but it can be overridden.
newline_any :: PCREOption newline_any = PCREOption newline_any_cint
, see newline_any
newline_anycrlf :: PCREOption
newline_anycrlf = PCREOption newline_anycrlf_cint
, see newline_any
newline_crlf :: PCREOptionSource
, see newline_any
newline_lf :: PCREOptionSource
, see newline_any
no_auto_capture :: PCREOptionSource
If this option is set, it disables the use of numbered capturing parentheses in the pattern. Any opening paren- thesis that is not followed by ? behaves as if it were followed by ?: but named parentheses can still be used for capturing (and they acquire numbers in the usual way). There is no equivalent of this option in Perl.
This option inverts the greediness of the quantifiers so that they are not greedy by default, but become greedy if followed by ?. It is not compatible with Perl. It can also be set by a (?U) option setting within the pattern.
This option causes PCRE to regard both the pattern and the subject as strings of UTF-8 characters instead of single-byte character strings. However, it is available only when PCRE is built to include UTF-8 support. If not, the use of this option provokes an error. Details of how this option changes the behaviour of PCRE are given in the section on UTF-8 support in the main pcre page.
no_utf8_check :: PCREOptionSource
When PCRE_UTF8 is set, the validity of the pattern as a
UTF-8 string is automatically checked. There is a discussion
about the validity of UTF-8 strings in the main pcre
page. If an invalid UTF-8 sequence of bytes is found,
compile() returns an error. If you already know that
your pattern is valid, and you want to skip this check for
performance reasons, you can set the no_utf8_check
option. When it is set, the effect of passing an invalid
UTF-8 string as a pattern is undefined. It may cause your
program to crash. Note that this option can also be passed
to exec
, to suppress the UTF-8 validity checking of subject strings.
PCRE exec-time options, an abstract, newtyped Num wrapper over CInt
data PCREExecOption Source
combineExecOptions :: [PCREExecOption] -> PCREExecOptionSource
Combine a list of exec options into a single option, using bitwise (.|.)
exec_newline_cr :: PCREExecOptionSource
, newline_lf
, newline_anycrlf
, newline_any
These options override the newline definition that was
chosen or defaulted when the pattern was compiled. For
details, see the description of compile
above. Dur-
ing matching, the newline choice affects the behaviour of
the dot, circumflex, and dollar metacharacters. It may
also alter the way the match position is advanced after a
match failure for an unanchored pattern.
When newline_crlf
, newline_anycrlf
, or newline_any
is set, and a match attempt for an unanchored
pattern fails when the current position is at a CRLF
sequence, and the pattern contains no explicit matches for
CR or LF characters, the match position is advanced by two
characters instead of one, in other words, to after the
The above rule is a compromise that makes the most common
cases work as expected. For example, if the pattern is .+A
(and the dotall
option is not set), it does not match
the string \\r\\nA because, after failing at the start, it
skips both the CR and the LF before retrying. However, the
pattern [\\r\\n]A does match that string, because it contains
an explicit CR or LF reference, and so advances only
by one character after the first failure.
An explicit match for CR of LF is either a literal appear- ance of one of those characters, or one of the \r or \n escape sequences. Implicit matches such as [^X] do not count, nor does \s (which includes CR and LF in the char- acters that it matches).
Notwithstanding the above, anomalous effects may still occur when CRLF is a valid newline sequence and explicit \r or \n escapes appear in the pattern.
exec_newline_any :: PCREExecOption exec_newline_any = PCREExecOption exec_newline_any_cint
, see exec_newline_any
exec_newline_anycrlf :: PCREExecOption
exec_newline_anycrlf = PCREExecOption exec_newline_anycrlf_cint
, see exec_newline_any
exec_newline_crlf :: PCREExecOptionSource
, see exec_newline_any
exec_newline_lf :: PCREExecOptionSource
, see exec_newline_any
exec_notbol :: PCREExecOptionSource
This option specifies that first character of the subject
string is not the beginning of a line, so the circumflex
metacharacter should not match before it. Setting this
without multiline
(at compile time) causes circumflex
never to match. This option affects only the behaviour of
the circumflex metacharacter. It does not affect \A.
exec_noteol :: PCREExecOptionSource
This option specifies that the end of the subject string
is not the end of a line, so the dollar metacharacter
should not match it nor (except in multiline mode) a newline
immediately before it. Setting this without multiline
(at compile time) causes dollar never to match.
This option affects only the behaviour of the dollar
metacharacter. It does not affect \Z or \z.
exec_notempty :: PCREExecOptionSource
An empty string is not considered to be a valid match if this option is set. If there are alternatives in the pattern, they are tried. If all the alternatives match the empty string, the entire match fails. For example, if the pattern
is applied to a string not beginning with a or b, it
matches the empty string at the start of the subject. With
set, this match is not valid, so 'PCRE
searches further into the string for occurrences of a or
Perl has no direct equivalent of notempty
, but it
does make a special case of a pattern match of the empty
string within its split() function, and when using the /g
modifier. It is possible to emulate Perl's behaviour after
matching a null string by first trying the match again at
the same offset with PCRE_NOTEMPTY and PCRE_ANCHORED, and
then if that fails by advancing the starting offset (see
below) and trying an ordinary match again. There is some
code that demonstrates how to do this in the pcredemo.c
sample program.
exec_no_utf8_check :: PCREExecOptionSource
When utf8
is set at compile time, the validity of the
subject as a UTF-8 string is automatically checked when
exec() is subsequently called. The value of
startoffset is also checked to ensure that it points to
the start of a UTF-8 character. There is a discussion
about the validity of UTF-8 strings in the section on
UTF-8 support in the main pcre page. If an invalid UTF-8
sequence of bytes is found, exec() returns the error
. If startoffset contains an invalid
value, error_badutf8_offset
is returned.
If you already know that your subject is valid, and you
want to skip these checks for performance reasons, you can
set the no_utf8_check
option when calling
. You might want to do this for the second and
subsequent calls to exec() if you are making repeated
calls to find all the matches in a single subject string.
However, you should be sure that the value of startoffset
points to the start of a UTF-8 character. When
is set, the effect of passing an
invalid UTF-8 string as a subject, or a value of startoff-
set that does not point to the start of a UTF-8 character,
is undefined. Your program may crash.
exec_partial :: PCREExecOptionSource
This option turns on the partial matching feature. If the
subject string fails to match the pattern, but at some
point during the matching process the end of the subject
was reached (that is, the subject partially matches the
pattern and the failure to match occurred only because
there were not enough subject characters), exec
returns error_partial
instead of error_nomatch
When partial
is used, there are restrictions on what
may appear in the pattern. These are discussed in the
pcrepartial documentation.
PCRE Errors
PCRE Info
info_studysize :: PCREInfoSource
Request types for config()
PCRE Configuration
type PCREConfig = CIntSource
PCRE Extra
type PCREExtraFlags = CIntSource
PCREExtraFlags. bit flags for extra structure.
Get sizeof CInt from hsc2hs