text:
Here at iRunFar, the Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc has been on our minds since last December. After numerous stops and starts, we're beyond excited to announce that iRunFar's Bryon Powell will be covering UTMB live two weeks from today. As with our Western States 100 coverage, you can expect pre- and post-race video interviews on iRunFar. We'll also be cranking out live, from-the-course updates throughout the race on our Twitter feed, so be sure to become a follower of @iRunFar on Twitter.
As for this article, a few months back an iRunFar reader asked if we could help him prepare for his upcoming debut at UTMB as the 100-mile race through France, Italy, and Switzerland is known to many. With our love of logistics and with huge faith in our readership, we said, "YES!" He then passed along a set of questions that three iRunFar readers kindly answered.
While we're excited to share our reader's responses, we're first going to share a couple other resources.
Kilian Jornet on UTMB
Before getting to our panel's answers… we've got a bonus, a brief interview with two-time defending UTMB champion Kilian Jornet. He discusses race gear and training for the race.
[Please note that Kilian was my first interviewee at Western States, so this interview does not reflect some of the great iRF reader feedback I received on conducting interviews. ;-)]
Other Resources
Here are a couple great UTMB resources that we've found. As time goes by, we'll add more UTMB resources. Please feel free to suggest additions by leaving a comment.
- Krissy Moehl, the 2009 women's UTMB champ, shares her race experience as well as her gear and nutrition choices
- UTMB has produced an excellent video series regarding race with The North Face athlete Sebastien Chaigneau. The videos are in French with English subtitles. Some highlights of the series include
UTMB Questions Answered
Our UTMB panel consisted of three runners. Nick Yardley, who heads Julbo sunglasses North American operation, finished the 100k CCC UTMB-sister race last year and will be attempting UTMB itself this year. Mark Barnes, an outdoor store buyer in the UK, has two UTMB finishes to his credit ('06 & '07) as well as failed tries at the related Petite Trotte à Léon in '08 and in UTMB in '09. After twice DNFing UTMB at Champex, Jonathan Steele finally finished the full UTMB in 2009.
We've compiled their answers to each of our questions. We begin be learning about the UTMB course and its aid stations before getting our panel's opinion on gear for the race.
Difficulty of Climbs and Descents
iRunFar (iRF): Are the climbs really without switchbacks such that they are super steep calf killers? Likewise, are the descents straight down the mountain?
Nick Yardley (Nick): You are continually going either up or down with very little cruising on ridgelines. Some of the hills are very steep and never ending. Sticks really do help with this. The climbs do have switchbacks, but just not the lazy wide ones found in the Western US. The switchbacks tend to be tighter and steeper.
Mark Barnes (Mark): There are not as many switchbacks as you will be used to in the States. Calf muscles and quads beware! This might be another reason for poles.
Jonathan Steele (Jonathan): Quite often the climbs are straight up and down. Maybe one or two have switchbacks. However, most follow ski runs with descents that are again straight down following by long, tough climbs.
Technicality of Terrain
iRF: What is the condition of the trail? Is it rocky? Smooth? Runnable or not?
Nick: Most of the race is on the famed hiking trail known as the Tour du Mont Blanc. As a result, for the entire race, the trail is a very real and well-established trail that is in great condition and super fun to be on. Having said this, the course is the Alps. There are some very rocky sections (rouges mainly) that, if wet, are very slow going. (This one spots where sticks really help!) Outside of the big climbs, all is runnable and some is even smooth! However, most of the course is lightly rocky and requires your attention even when runnable.
Mark: The conditions of the course include well, everything. There's singletrack, doubletrack, asphalt, rock, mud, grass, etc. Shoe selection isn't easy.
Jonathan: Trail conditions are very good. They are very runnable with a couple of technical descents, but mainly shale type paths and dirt tracks. The Bovine section is a different matter. It's basically a boulder field or two! I have run the race in The North Face Ultra 103s, Salomon XA Pros, and, last year, in Salomon XT Wings. This year, it will be Salomon XT Wings, again. Remember to take in the awesome views throughout the race.
Food and Drink on Course
iRF: What kind of food and drink is available at the aid stations?
Nick: The aid stations are well stocked and managed by a hoard of cheery and helpful staff. As Americans, some of the food choices may seem a bit different and, if you're finicky, maybe hard to get used to. Most stations have sport drinks, water, soup, standard race snacks, plus lots of dried meat and cheese.
There are a few larger aid stations that really do things in style. Here, racers can have a full pasta meal, plus a wide variety of other foods. In the cold of the night, the hot sweet tea was a real godsend for me. It made all the difference.
Mark: The food varies at the checkpoints, but it usually includes bread, cheese, meat, fruit, soup, water, chocolate, biscuits, and Maxim energy drink.
Jonathan: The food at aid stations includes cuts of meat, cheese, bread, fruit, soup, energy bars, tea, coffee, coke, energy drink, water, chocalate, etc. At Cormanyeur, there's pasta and BEER!!!!
To be honest, I never really noticed anything else. I'm a vegetarian and a celiac, so I tend to just use Hammer Nutrition's Perpetum/Sustained Fuel and gels. From the aid stations, I would have fruit, tea and lots of Coke! A few other Brit runners who I talked to afterward didn't touch the French/Swiss cold cut meats and cheese. It's just too different from their usual race food! Keep in mind that not every aid station offers a full spread; some just have water!!
Crew Access at Checkpoints
iRF: At what checkpoints do crew have access to the runner?
Mark: St Gervais is the first point where you can see your crew. Meet at the barriers and sort stuff there. This is ok. There's the same situation at Les Contamines. If your crew can get to Les Chapieux , they'll again encounter a similar situation.
The first very easily accessible point is Courmayeur. Here, support is not allowed inside the checkpoint. Only racers are allowed in the checkpoint; however, you can access racers outside the station.
La Fouly is a good point where crews can access you directly at the checkpoint. At Champex, there should be separate racer and crew areas. Crews must wait in their designated area.
Trient is, then, probably the last place for crew access before Chamonix unless they want to take the cable car or trek up to Flegere. There is a very cost effective bus network put on by the race organisers that goes to all the accessible points. If you take the buses, you avoid having to drive through the night on unknown roads to relatively (in some cases) remote spots.
General Impression
iRF: What's your general impression of the race?
Nick: The scene at UTMB is different than the USA, but it's a wonderful eye opening experience. Held among great scenery, it is an extremely well managed event. As a teen and in my 20's, I spent my summers climbing in Chamonix. It was surprisingly emotional to come back and run around my old playground and continually look over my left shoulder at all the routes I used to climb.
Trekking Poles/Sticks
iRF: Would you recommend running the race with trekking poles?
Nick: These, in my mind, are a must. Krissy Moehl and Scott Jurek both used them last year. I picked up a pair of running poles in Chamonix. These are very light and are shock corded like tent poles and fold down very small. They're much better, in my mind, than standard trekking poles. The poles are of most use for going up the may steep hills, less useful for the downs, and very useful on the rock hoping sections, especially if they're wet.
Mark: Poles? Absolutely YES! Here in the UK they are not allowed under regulations for races, but for UTMB at least 90-95% of the participants use them. It's the guys at the front that tend not to use them, but for the rest of us who don't benefit from the ability to train as much as we would like and who don't have big climbs and descents to train on, the poles are pretty much mandatory. Take a look at any of the videos of the event and most people use them. Your knees will thank you!
Jonathan: Poles? Defo! Top end runners and runners who train regularly in mountainous terrain can get away without them, but 98% of the field can't be wrong. I use Leki Carbons. They're worth forking out money and getting lightweight poles. Anti-shock poles add weight and don't compact down that well, so avoid them! Get used to the poles before the UTMB by running with them. Unless you're under 11 stone (154 pounds/70 kg) avoid Raidlight or similar poles, as they can break easy. I weigh 14-15 stone, (196-210 pounds/89-95 kg) so I will take any help up those climbs I can get.
iRF: What model of backpack (rucksack) would you recommend? Any particular size?
Nick: I used a Nathan Synergy pack and it worked great. Salomon packs are very popular and well thought out. Something to consider is that hydration bladder water gets really warm sitting on your back all day and filling a bag is awkward. With that in mind, a pack with 2 bottle sleeves may be a good idea. Chamonix has many outdoor shops that are all oriented to running at the time of the race and there is also a great race fair. It's very easy to pick up a great new pack if you feel the need.
Mark: A 15-20 liter capacity pack will be fine. The volume can be even less if you benefit from the lighter kit available on the market. It's hard to suggest any particular pack as we all have different preferences. For instance, does one prefer bottles or a hydration bladder? Does one prefer running belt pockets or a chest pouch?
Jonathan: I have used a The North Face Hammerhead and a Camelback Mule in previous years. This year, I will use an OMM Ultra 15. (OMM used to be KIMM, a UK make. Mark Barnes, above, helped design this pack for ultrarunning!) It's very light and functional, fits 15 liters, and you can attach bottles or a front pouch. I recommend a 15-20 liter pack. Be sure not to carry a pack less than 10 liters or more than 25 liters with a front pouch or a small bumbag. Terra Nova and Salomon makes some excellent packs.
Lighting – Headlamps and No Flashlights
iRF: The race begins shortly before nightfall (6 pm local time) and many will be on the course for part of a second night. What lighting system would you recommend keeping in mind that carrying two lights is compulsory?
Nick: Don't use a handheld torch. It doesn't really work well with poles! I had no trouble running with a single headlamp. Everyone uses a single headlamp. The second light you need as a back up as you will run through the night and batteries die. The new Mammut headlamps are super light and small.
Mark: Most people, myself included, use a good single headtorch a carry the minimum size of backup torch. The paths are essentially good enough for this system to work.
Jonathan: Bring one decent headtorch, such as a Petzl Myo XP (or equivalent) and, of course, a backup. If you are using poles you wont have your hands free for a flashlight.
iRF: UTMB regulations require that you bring pants that go below your knees. What do you recommend?
Nick: Three quarter length-running knickers seem to be the euro thing. Don't under estimate how cold it can get at night. Once the sun goes down in the Alps it can get seriously chilly. Hypothermia is a real consideration if you're not careful.
Mark: For this piece of mandatory kit, go with 3/4 knickers. I know these will pass scrutiny. If the weather is in line with the last few years, you won't use them, but you must have them anyway.
Jonathan: In 2006 and 2007, I ran in 3/4 tights. Last year, I ran in Skins shorts and carried a light pair of windproof Inov-8 trousers. I found it freezing at Champex at night, so this year I will wear Skins shorts and carry full-length Salomon tights. That's just my preference, but I reckon a pair of 3/4 tights is best for most people!
Gear Details – Cups
iRF: What would you recommend for the compulsory cup on the course?
Nick: This is part of the required list and there is a size minimum. They sell plenty of appropriate ones at the fair. A cheap and light cup that clips or stuffs easy into your pack is what you want. It needs to be readily accessible on the outside, as you'll need it as you enter aid stations for drinks. It also works great for scooping cold water over your head at various water troughs on route. This is such a great idea that saves on so many paper cups.
Mark: A cup is a mandatory piece of equipment. As such, don't try to leave it out even though it seems superfluous. You may have either a bottle or a bladder , but the cup must still go. One of the better choices is the Raidlight Eco Cup.
Jonathan: I believe you can buy folding cups in Chamonix before the race. I know Raidlight sells them. I bought a collapsible cup made by a company called 'Sea to Summit.' If using a front pouch on your bag, defo store it there.
Gear Details – Race Number Attachment
iRF: How would you recommend attaching your race bib given the need to add and remove layers through the race?
Nick: I used safety pins. It's not a great solution, but I couldn't think of anything better. The bib has your emergency contact name and phone number right on it. That makes you gulp! On the other hand, the bib has your name and the flag of your country. It was great to run through small villages and have all the kids yell "Go USA!"
Mark: The organisation gives you a thin piece of elastic, but this isn't great. Quite a few people get hold of one of the Ironman style number carrier belts. I use a chest pouch and pin my number there, so I haven't encountered any problem.
Jonathan: As for the race numbers, you have to pin them on your front. The race organizers are quite strict with this, so I ended up moving it on and off layers. I'm probably not the best person for this question.
Gear Details – Survival Blanket
iRF: What kind of survival blanket have people brought? (i.e., what is the lightest people have found?)
Nick: I brought the cheapest and lightest I could find.
Mark: My weapon of choice here is the Adventure Medical Kits Heatsheets Emergency Bivvy.
Jonathan: The survival blanket actually has to be a survival bag. I use a very lightweight bag.
Call for Comments and Questions
Have you run UTMB, CCC, or one of the other associated events? If so, please share your experiences. If you've got general questions about the race, please ask away. We're confident some of our readers can provide you with solid info.


text: Nancy Charak makes paintings and drawings in her studio in Tucson, where she recently transplanted herself from Chicago. She exhibited at Chicago State University's President's Gallery, "What's Abstract," with Julian Williams, curated by Joyce Owens, January-February 2013. Her painting, The Dreamer and the Dream, was in the Evanston+Vicinity Show 2010 Biennial. Another painting, Rainbows End, was juried into the Art Loop Open sponsored by the Chicago Loop Alliance and the Chicago Artists Coalition and exhibited at Block 37. An active member of the Chicago arts community, Nancy has exhibited at Woman Made Gallery of Chicago in 2008 and juried their show Drawing on Experience. In May 2008, she also had two solo exhibitions: "Resonance," at the University Center Gallery of the University of Montana in Missoula and at the Fred P. Giles Gallery of Eastern Kentucky University in Richmond.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Getting Started and Building Forrest
- 1.1. How to use these FAQs?
- 1.2. Where can I read an overview about how to work with Forrest?
- 1.3. Where is all of the documentation?
- 1.4. What are the system requirements for Forrest?
- 1.5. The old xml-forrest CVS code repository seems to be stale. What happened?
- 1.6. How can I use SVN to keep up to date with the latest codebase?
- 1.7. How to use older versions of specific plugins?
- 1.8. What is the best way to generate "standalone documents" using Forrest?
- 1.9. When running ./build.sh in cygwin, I get an error: cygpath.exe: *** can't create title mutex, Win32 error 6.
- 1.10. On Java 6 fails validate-sitemap task. Missing the RELAX NG datatype library.
- 1.11. Windows gets confused about which Java version to use.
- 1.12. How can I specify the amount of memory to be used by Java?
- 1.13. How can I start forrest in Java debug mode?
2. Content Creation
- 2.1. What tools can be used to edit the content?
- 2.2. How to use the site.xml configuration file for menus and linking.
- 2.3. Where are examples of documents and site.xml and tabs.xml files?
- 2.4. Help, one of my documents is not being rendered.
- 2.5. How can I generate one pdf-file out of the whole site or selected pages of the site?
- 2.6. How do I insert page breaks into documents?
- 2.7. How can I generate html-pages to show a 'clickable' email-address (of the author-element)?
- 2.8. How do I link to raw files such as config.txt and brochure.pdf?
- 2.9. Images don't display in PDFs. How do I fix this?
- 2.10. The tab link in my site incorrectly assumes that 'index.html' is present in the linked-to directory. How do I fix this?
- 2.11. I need help with the interaction between tabs.xml and site.xml
- 2.12. How can I change the default file name that Forrest will look for when I request a URL like http://myserver or http://myserver/mydir/ ?
- 2.13. How can I use a start-up-page other than index.html?
- 2.14. How to use a different filename extension for output, e.g. *.php?
- 2.15. How to generate pages ready for serving via PHP?
- 2.16. How to use special characters in the labels of the site.xml file?
- 2.17. Does Forrest handle accents for non-English languages?
- 2.18. How to use XML entities, for example string replacement?
- 2.19. How to make Forrest clean up the project build directories?
- 2.20. How can I internationalise (i18n) my content?
- 2.21. How can I include HTML content that is not to be skinned by Forrest?
- 2.22. How to include additional JavaScript and CSS files?
- 2.23. How to show a Table Of Contents for the whole site?
3. Technical
- 3.1. Where is the Java code?
- 3.2. How to enhance the responsiveness of the cache?
- 3.3. I'm behind a proxy and it's preventing Plugins from being downloaded, what should I do?
- 3.4. How can I generate html-pages to show the Revision tag of CVS or SVN?
- 3.5. How to control the processing of URIs by Cocoon, e.g. exclude certain URIs, include other additional ones.
- 3.6. How do I stop Forrest breaking on links to external files that may not exist, like javadocs?
- 3.7. Some of my files are not being processed because they use common filenames.
- 3.8. What do the symbols and numbers mean when Forrest lists each document that it has built?
- 3.9. When generating PNG images from SVG, I get an error: Can't connect to X11 window server using ':0.0' as the value of the DISPLAY variable.
- 3.10. The project logo that is generated from SVG is truncating my project name.
- 3.11. How do i configure my favourite XML editor or parser to find the local Forrest DTDs?
- 3.12. How to configure the Catalog Entity Resolver to use my own local project DTDs?
- 3.13. We need an additional system-wide catalog to share DTDs between projects
- 3.14. How to debug the Catalog Entity Resolver and local DTDs?
- 3.15. How to make the site look better and change its skin?
- 3.16. How do I enable XSP processing?
- 3.17. How do breadcrumbs work? Why don't they work locally?
- 3.18. How do I make forrest run listen on a different port?
- 3.19. Can I run Forrest with Java debugging turned on?
- 3.20. How do I enable Cocoon's document checksum feature?
- 3.21. How to configure some Cocoon sitemap components, e.g. output html encoding or doctype?
- 3.22. How to enable Cocoon error handling?
- 3.23. Why are there SVN diffs for some documents, even though they have not changed?
- 4. Older version: 0.6
5. General
- 5.1. Where is documentation for older versions of Forrest?
- 5.2. What is the relationship between site.xml and book.xml?
- 5.3. How do I use DocBook as the XML documentation format?
- 5.4. How to report which version of Forrest is being used and the properties that are set?
- 5.5. Where are the log files to find more infomation about errors?
- 5.6. How to filter or reduce the standard output messages?
- 5.7. How to enabled coloured standard output messages?
- 5.8. How to help?
- 5.9. How to contribute a patch?
- 5.10. How can job positions be advertised?
- 5.11. Is there a press kit? Who can journalists contact?
- 5.12. How to report a security issue?
1. Getting Started and Building Forrest
1.1. How to use these FAQs?
There is no particular order to these FAQs. Use your browser's "Find in this page" facility to search for keywords.
1.2. Where can I read an overview about how to work with Forrest?
See the Using Forrest guide.
1.3. Where is all of the documentation?
You have a local copy of the main documentation with your version of Forrest. Do 'cd site-author; forrest run' and visit http://localhost:8888/ in your browser. The most recent documentation is in SVN trunk which creates the forrest.apache.org website.
Each plugin has its own documentation and working examples of its techniques.
The example seed site has other documentation and working examples of various techniques. Do 'cd my-new-directory; forrest seed-sample; forrest run'. Every hour the forrestbot generates a static version of this documentation on our testing zone.
For older versions of Forrest see the explanation below.
1.4. What are the system requirements for Forrest?
Forrest includes everything necessary to build and run, except of course for Java. In addition to all the Cocoon JARs, Forrest includes and uses its own version of Apache Ant.
Java 1.5 (or newer) is required. If you are only going to use Forrest as-is then you need only the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). If you intend to enhance and rebuild Forrest (or use the Forrest sources with Subversion or use a source snapshot) then you need the full JDK.
1.5. The old xml-forrest CVS code repository seems to be stale. What happened?
Forrest switched from a CVS code repository to SVN (Subversion) code repository. The old CVS repository is closed and not kept current.
1.6. How can I use SVN to keep up to date with the latest codebase?
Follow these Building Forrest notes.
The Using Forrest guide provides further step-by-step assistance in getting started with Forrest for your project.
1.7. How to use older versions of specific plugins?
Sometimes one does not want to use the most recent functionality of a plugin and instead need to use an older version. Information about changes to each plugin can be found in its documentation.
In the forrest.properties file, specify the version of the plugin that you require, e.g.
Users of Forrest-0.7 will need to do this for the projectInfo plugin if you get the following error ...
Could not find component for role: [org.apache.cocoon.components.modules.input.InputModule/lm] (Key='org.apache.cocoon.components.modules.input.InputModule/
... then sorry, we mistakenly added new "locationmap" functionality (due in version 0.8). So do this ...
1.8. What is the best way to generate "standalone documents" using Forrest?
There is a trick that can cut down your turnaround time with building. In forrest.properties ...
# The URL to start crawling from #project.start-uri=linkmap.html
Uncomment that and set it to the specific page that you want. Forrest will build that single document, then of course it will keep crawling links from there. It might be confined to a sub-directory, but depending on links could end up generating the whole site. The main thing is that your page of interest is built first.
It is probably easiest to make this change temporarily as a command-line parameter, e.g.
forrest -Dproject.start-uri=live-sites.html
You can terminate forrest with 'kill' or Ctrl-C after it has built your pages of interest.
Cocoon can be instructed via the Cocoon cli.xconf file to not follow links (see its "follow-links" parameter). So this will build only the document that was specified. Be careful, if you also usually build PDF pages, then they will not be built.
Cocoon can also be instructed to not process certain URIs if you need to temporarily exclude then.
Another useful technique is to use 'wget' or Apache Ant's Get task to retrieve individual files, e.g. Do 'forrest run' and then 'wget http://localhost:8888/index.pdf'
1.9. When running ./build.sh in cygwin, I get an error: cygpath.exe: *** can't create title mutex, Win32 error 6.
This appears to be a bug in cygwin. Please use the .bat script instead.
1.10. On Java 6 fails validate-sitemap task. Missing the RELAX NG datatype library.
validate-sitemap: apache-forrest-0.8/main/webapp/resources/schema/relaxng/sitemap-v06.rng:72:31: error: datatype library "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-datatypes" not recognized
The version of Jing needs to be updated.
This is fixed in Forrest-0.9-dev version. See FOR-984.
One workaround is to update your copy of the Jing jar at $FORREST_HOME/lib/core/
Another workaround is to edit the forrest.properties configuration file to expose the "forrest.validate.sitemap" property and set it to "false". Might need to do the same for the "forrest.validate.stylesheets" property.
1.11. Windows gets confused about which Java version to use.
Cough, yes!. See this explanation on the Forrest mail lists.
1.12. How can I specify the amount of memory to be used by Java?
There are two ways to control this. If you get an OutOfMemoryError when Cocoon is generating pages, see the first paragraph. If you get an OutOfMemoryError when outside of Cocoon (e.g., copying raw files), see the second paragraph.
The maxmemory property in the forrest.properties file controls how much memory Cocoon uses. Like many other properties you can copy them from the default configuration at main/fresh-site/forrest.properties
Set the ANT_OPTS environment variable before you run forrest. The exact value you set it to is dependant on your JVM, but something like ANT_OPTS=-Xmx500M will probably work.
1.13. How can I start forrest in Java debug mode?
The forrest.jvmargs property in the forrest.properties file can be used to start forrest in debug mode on a specific port. forrest.jvmargs=-Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,address=8000,server=y,suspend=n
2. Content Creation
2.1. What tools can be used to edit the content?
If you are using the Apache Forrest XML document format or DocBook or other XML document types, then you can use any text editor or even a dedicated XML editor. You must ensure valid XML. See our configuration notes for various editors.
Remember that Forrest itself is not a Content Management System (CMS). It can be configured to draw content from a CMS. See one example using the Locationmap.
There are content management systems like Apache Lenya.
Remember that Forrest can also use other source formats, such as OpenOffice.org docs or JSPWiki. Use the appropriate editor for those document types and ensure that the document structure is consistent. Forrest can also use "html" as the source format, in which case you can use text editors or "html editors" such as the one provided with the Mozilla web browser.
2.2. How to use the site.xml configuration file for menus and linking.
The site.xml configuration file is used for two different purposes: defining the navigation menus, and as a method for defining references to be used when linking between documents. This file is fully explained in Menus and Linking. Here is a precis:
The labels can be whatever text you want.
<faq label="FAQs" href="faq.html"> <tech label="Technical" href="faq-tech.html"> <docbook href="#docbook"/> <ignoring_javadocs href="#ignoring_javadocs"/> </tech> <user label="User" href="faq-user.html"> </faq>
That will create a menu like this with three links:
FAQs Technical User
These documents can be linked to from other documents, like this:
 link to the top of the Tech FAQs  link to the DocBook FAQ in the Tech FAQs
If that "docbook" entry was a unique name in your site.xml then you can shorten that latter link:
 link to the DocBook FAQ in the Tech FAQs
2.3. Where are examples of documents and site.xml and tabs.xml files?
There are examples in the 'forrest seed site' and also the Forrest website documents are included with the distribution (cd forrest/site-author; forrest run).
2.4. Help, one of my documents is not being rendered.
Did you make a link to it? Forrest does not find documents by scanning the filesystem to find the source documents. Rather it starts at one document and crawls the links to find other documents to process.
There are essentially two ways to create links. Via a site.xml file to define the navigation and menu structure, or via direct relative linking. See the to previous FAQs.
Normally the source material will be local. The Forrest crawler does not follow and process off-site links. The new locationmap (0.8+) enables content to be drawn from remote sources.
2.5. How can I generate one pdf-file out of the whole site or selected pages of the site?
Add the following entries to your site.xml file. Note that the href must be exactly "wholesite" or "site" which triggers a special match in the sitemap to aggregate all documents.
<about tab="home" label="About" href=""> ... <all_site label="Full HTML" href="wholesite.html"/> <all_sitePDF label="Full PDF" href="wholesite.pdf"/> ... </about>
In this case the menu labeled "About" will have 2 new items: "Full PDF" and "Full HTML".
See also How to create a PDF document for each tab.
This assumes that you use the site.xml method for your site structure and navigation, rather than the old book.xml method.
2.6. How do I insert page breaks into documents?
Page breaks do not make a great deal of sense in HTML documents intended for display on a screen. However, PDF documents are intended for printing and therefore page breaks can be important.
To insert a page break in a PDF document simply add pageBreakBefore and/or pageBreakAfter to the class attribute of the block you wish to force a page break on. All the common block grouping elements support this class, for example, note, warning, p and so on.
If you want these classes to be processed in your HTML documents as well you should add the following to the extra-css element in your projects skinconf.xml
.pageBreakBefore { margin-bottom: 0; page-break-before: always; } .pageBreakAfter { margin-bottom: 0; page-break-after: always; }
2.7. How can I generate html-pages to show a 'clickable' email-address (of the author-element)?
You would override $FORREST_HOME/main/webapp/skins/common/xslt/html/document-to-html.xsl and edit the "headers/authors" template.
2.8. How do I link to raw files such as config.txt and brochure.pdf?
Handling of raw files was significantly changed in Forrest 0.7. See Upgrading to Apache Forrest 0.7 for all the details.
2.9. Images don't display in PDFs. How do I fix this?
Forrest uses Apache FOP for rendering PDFs. FOP cannot handle all image types natively, and requires third-party jars to be added. FOP natively handles BMP, GIF, JPG, TIFF and EPS (with a few limitations). FOP can also handle SVG (via Batik) and PNG (see below). For details, see FOP Graphics formats
To get PNGs working in PDFs with Jimi:
- Download Jimi from http://java.sun.com/products/jimi/
- Unpack the Jimi distribution and copy JimiProClasses.zip to $FORREST/lib/optional/jimi-1.0.jar.
Alternatively you can use JAI (Java Advanced Imaging API at http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/jai). For more info, see FOP Graphics Packages
2.10. The tab link in my site incorrectly assumes that 'index.html' is present in the linked-to directory. How do I fix this?
In tabs.xml, use @href instead of @dir, and omit the trailing '/'. Which file to serve is then a concern of the sitemap. For example, if the "User Manual" tab should link to manual/Introduction.html then tabs.xml should contain:
<tab label="User Manual" href="manual"/>
and add this rule to the sitemap:
<map:match pattern="manual"> <map:redirect-to uri="manual/Introduction.html"/> </map:match>
2.11. I need help with the interaction between tabs.xml and site.xml
See the tips.
2.12. How can I change the default file name that Forrest will look for when I request a URL like http://myserver or http://myserver/mydir/ ?
To change the default file name from 'index.html' (default) to 'overview.html' you need to make the following changes:
- Create a 'cli.xconf' file for your project
- Edit that file to replace 'index.html' in <default-filename>index.html</default-filename> with 'overview.html'.
- Edit your project's sitemap.xmap file.
- Add the following code just before the end of the pipelines-element:
<map:pipeline> <map:match type="regexp" pattern="^.+/$"> <map:redirect-to uri="overview.html"/> </map:match> </map:pipeline>
2.13. How can I use a start-up-page other than index.html?
Forrest by default assumes that the first page (home page) of your site is named index.html. Which is good because most web servers are configured to look for index.html when you call a url like http://myserver
Like most settings in Forrest however this can be changed, for example when you want your start-up-page for a CD-based documentation project to be named 'start.html'.
To change the start page of a site:
- Edit your project's sitemap.xmap file.
- Add the following code just before the end of the pipelines-element:
<map:pipeline> <map:match pattern=""> <map:redirect-to uri="start.html" /> </map:match> </map:pipeline>
- Name the uri-attribute whatever you'd like your start page to be.
- Don't forget to create that page and refer to it in your site.xml
2.14. How to use a different filename extension for output, e.g. *.php?
Use the power of the Cocoon sitemaps. There is default handling for *.php (see main/webapp/sitemap.xmap) to map the 'php' extension to an internal request for "html". See more about PHP below.
Use the same internal re-direction technique for your special needs, e.g. copy that php match to your project sitemap and use ".htm" instead.
2.15. How to generate pages ready for serving via PHP?
Use the *.php filename extension (see above) for the output html links in site.xml navigation. Add your php processing instructions to the source documents.
However, beware FOR-999 "processing-instruction nodes in source are not always passed through to html output" whereby only PIs in certain body elements are handled.
2.16. How to use special characters in the labels of the site.xml file?
Use the numeric values for character entities. For example, rather than using ö use ö
See the XHTML Character Entities and see more discussion at Issue FOR-244.
2.17. Does Forrest handle accents for non-English languages?
Yes, Forrest can process text in any language, so you can include:
- accents: á é í ó ú
- diereses: ä ë ï ö ü
- tildes: ã ñ ĩ õ ũ
This is because sources for Forrest docs are XML documents, which can include any of these, provided the encoding declared by the XML doc matches the actual encoding used in the file. For example if you declare the default encoding:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
but the file content is actually using ISO-8859-1 then you will receive validation errors, especially if you include some non-ASCII characters.
This situation is commonly encountered when you edit the templates created by forrest seed with your favorite (probably localized) editor without paying attention to the encoding, or when you create a new file and simply copy the headers from another file.
Although UTF-8 is an encoding well-suited for most languages, it is not usually the default in popular editors or systems. In UNIX-like systems, most popular editors can handle different encodings to write the file in disk. With some editors the encoding of the file is preserved, while with others the default is used regardless of the original encoding. In most cases the encoding used to write files can be controlled by setting the environment variable LANG to an appropriate value, for instance:
[localhost]$ export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
Of course the appropriate way to set the encoding depends on the editor/OS, but ultimately relys on the user preferences. So you can use the encoding you prefer, as long as the encoding attribute of the XML declaration matches the actual encoding of the file. This means that if you are not willing to abandon ISO-8859-1 you can always use the following declaration instead:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
Another option is to use "character entities" such as ö (ö) or the numeric form ö (ö).
Another related issue is that your webserver needs to send http headers with the matching charset definitions to the html page.
Here are some references which explain further: GT2004 presentation by Torsten Schlabach and Alan Wood's Unicode resources.
2.18. How to use XML entities, for example string replacement?
A set of symbols is available. See the demonstration in a fresh 'forrest seed' site (at samples-b/xml-entities.html). For example, use "&myp-t;" to represent the project name together with trademark symbol "My Project Name™". Avoid lengthy typing and potential spelling errors.
2.19. How to make Forrest clean up the project build directories?
By default Forrest does not clean its build directories in the project workspaces. This enables Cocoon to use its disk cache to speed up successive runs of forrest.
Doing 'forrest clean-site' will remove the contents of the project's generated documents directory. Doing 'forrest clean-work' will remove the project's work directories (usually build/tmp and build/webapp which include the Cocoon cache and the Cocoon logs). Doing 'forrest clean' will remove both sections.
2.20. How can I internationalise (i18n) my content?
For example, navigation menus can be internationalized and different content can be served.
There is an example to demonstrate and explain the facilities. See a 'forrest seed-sample' site.
All internationalisation of tokens is carried out by the Cocoon i18n Transformer.
2.21. How can I include HTML content that is not to be skinned by Forrest?
To serve, for example a legacy HTML site, add something like the following to your project's sitemap and place the source content in a src/documentation/content/old_site/ directory.
<map:match pattern="old_site/**.html"> <map:select type="exists"> <map:when test="{properties:content}{0}"> <map:read src="{properties:content}{0}" mime-type="text/html"/>  </map:when> </map:select> </map:match>
Exactly what the match should be is dependant on your content structure. It is outside the scope of this FAQ to provide full details, but new users may like to refer to the Cocoon sitemap docs.
There is a more detailed discussion of this topic in the samples of a freshly seeded site. To see this documentation do the following:
- mkdir seed
- cd seed
- forrest seed-sample
- forrest run
- http://localhost:8888/samples-b/linking.html#no-decoration
2.22. How to include additional JavaScript and CSS files?
Place various resources (e.g. javascript, css) into the "project skins" directory. The default forrest.properties has this at src/documentation/skins/$skin-name/ Javascript files would go in a "scripts" subdirectory. CSS files would go in a "css" subdirectory.
Then refer to those from your source documents with URIs like skin/blah.js and skin/foo.css
See how this is handled in the core sitemap called resources.xmap
There is more complete explanation and additional techniques in the document Using extra project JavaScript and CSS resources.
2.23. How to show a Table Of Contents for the whole site?
Every site has an automatically generated document at /linkmap.html which is produced from the site.xml navigation configuration. It uses the @label and absolutized @href and element name and @description attribute for each node.
For example, the Forrest project's Site Linkmap Table of Contents.
The document is also useful when developing your documentation and linking to other docs. The element names (column #2) e.g. href="site:mail-lists" or href="site:howto/overview"
This is also the document that 'forrest site' uses to kick-start the Cocoon crawler which then follows links to build each page. See the project.start-uri in the forrest.properties file.
3. Technical
3.1. Where is the Java code?
Because we are based on Apache Cocoon, a lot of the functionality is provided behind-the-scenes, i.e. we use Cocoon's sitemaps and sitemap components such as XSLT transformers. So there is not much need for Java code in Forrest.
For Forrest developers who want to explore or enhance that code, see the Apache Cocoon SVN trunk. From time-to-time we update Forrest's packaged version of Cocoon and so can include your contributions.
That said, you will find some Java code in Forrest at main/java/... for Cocoon components that have been developed at Forrest, e.g. Locationmap and Dispatcher. There is also Java code for some plugins with specialised purpose, e.g. PhotoGallery.
3.2. How to enhance the responsiveness of the cache?
Apache Cocoon has a sophisticated cache. When running Forrest in dynamic mode, the initial visitor will receive slower response. The very first page served will cause Cocoon to cache the pipelines. Later requests will re-use those cached components and add others to the cache. A good technique is to warm up the cache after the forrest webapp has been re-started. Requesting the front page alone will populate the cache with the common items used for other pages. Using a spider such as wget, will warm up everything.
The Cocoon cache and sitemaps can be tuned. See Cocoon Performance Tips and CocoonPerformance and the "Object Stores" section of main/webapp/WEB-INF/cocoon.xconf
Responsiveness can be further enhanced by utilising a transparent proxy server, e.g. Apache HTTP Server as a frontend. See CocoonAndApacheModProxy.
3.3. I'm behind a proxy and it's preventing Plugins from being downloaded, what should I do?
You can configure the proxy in the forrest.properties file. Set the proxy.host and proxy.port accordingly.
You can also cross an authenticated proxy by setting the proxy.user and proxy.password accordingly.
3.4. How can I generate html-pages to show the Revision tag of CVS or SVN?
If you have:<version>$Revision: 1.30 $</version>The '1.30' will be extracted and displayed at the bottom of the page as "version 1.30". See for example the bottom of the Using Forrest document.
This technique could also be used for a modification date with $Date: 2004/01/15 08:52:47 $
When using Subversion, remember to set the relevant svn:keywords properties.
3.5. How to control the processing of URIs by Cocoon, e.g. exclude certain URIs, include other additional ones.
Forrest uses a configuration file to control the processing done by the Apache Cocoon command-line called cli.xconf
Your project can supply its own cli.xconf and define patterns for URIs to exclude. There are also other powerful configuration features.
This means creating a directory src/documentation/conf (or wherever ${forrest.conf-dir} points) and copying $FORREST_HOME/main/webapp/WEB-INF/cli.xconf to it. Declare the location of this file in the forrest.properties configuration, e.g. project.configfile=${project.home}/src/documentation/conf/cli.xconf
Then edit cli.xconf, and add any exclude sections that you require. The default cli.xconf ignores directory links and links containing 'apidocs' or starting with 'api/':
....  <exclude pattern="**/"/> <exclude pattern="**apidocs**"/> <exclude pattern="api/**"/> <uri src="favicon.ico"/> </cocoon>
This is just an example, and you should modify it appropriately for your site.
See the example "HowTo Generate an ASF mirrors page" which explains how to include non-linked extra documents to the processing using the Cocoon CLI.
3.6. How do I stop Forrest breaking on links to external files that may not exist, like javadocs?
This can be done by overriding the cli.xconf Cocoon config file, and defining patterns for URLs to exclude.
3.7. Some of my files are not being processed because they use common filenames.
Certain patterns are claimed by the default sitemaps for special processing. These reserved words include: site, wholesite, changes, todo, faq, images, my-images, skinconf, community, howto
Sometimes there are workarounds, e.g. faq.html or faq-interview.html would fail, but interview-faq.html would be fine. In future versions of Forrest we will attempt to deal with this issue (FOR-217).
3.8. What do the symbols and numbers mean when Forrest lists each document that it has built?
Each time that Cocoon processes a link, it will report the status messages ...
... * [212/166] [0/0] 1.16s 62.4Kb docs_0_60/your-project.pdf X [0] /docs_0_80/upgrading_08.html BROKEN: No pipeline matched... * [213/164] [0/0] 0.391s 29.2Kb docs_0_70/howto/howto-buildPlugin.pdf ^ apidocs/index.html * [214/170] [7/66] 1.476s 45.5Kb docs_0_60/sitemap-ref.html ...
- Column 1 is the page build status (*=okay X=brokenLink ^=pageSkipped).
- Column 2 is the page count (pagesComplete/pagesRemaining). The latter will change because during processing one page, Cocoon will discover more.
- Column 3 is the number of links that were gathered from that page (newLinksInPage/linksInPage).
- Column 4 is the time taken.
- Column 5 is the page size.
3.9. When generating PNG images from SVG, I get an error: Can't connect to X11 window server using ':0.0' as the value of the DISPLAY variable.
If you are using JDK 1.5 or newer, you can enable headless operation by running Forrest with the forrest.jvmarg parameter set to -Djava.awt.headless=true, like this:
forrest -Dforrest.jvmargs=-Djava.awt.headless=true site
See also Cocoon FAQ.
3.10. The project logo that is generated from SVG is truncating my project name.
In a 'forrest seed site' the project and the group logo are generated from a Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) file, using the text from the <project-name> and <group-name> elements of the skinconf.xml file. If you have a long project-name then you may need to adjust the width of the image. Perhaps you want to change the colours too. Edit the file at src/documentation/content/xdocs/images/project.svg and adjust the "width" attribute of the <svg> element. For further details see SVG resources.
3.11. How do i configure my favourite XML editor or parser to find the local Forrest DTDs?
Notes are provided for various tools at Using Catalog Entity Resolver for local DTDs.
3.12. How to configure the Catalog Entity Resolver to use my own local project DTDs?
See Using Forrest for configuration guidance.
3.13. We need an additional system-wide catalog to share DTDs between projects
See Using Forrest for configuration guidance.
3.14. How to debug the Catalog Entity Resolver and local DTDs?
See XML validation.
3.15. How to make the site look better and change its skin?
There are default skins provided, which are configurable and so should meet the needs of most projects. The aim is to provide many capabilities so that extra skins are not needed.
See notes about configuration of the skins. Some projects may have special needs and can define their own skin.
3.16. How do I enable XSP processing?
First consider whether your needs would be better met by Cocoon itself, rather than Forrest.
That said, there are valid reasons for wanting programmatically generated content, so here is how to enable XSP:
- Download jdtcore-*.jar from Cocoons SVN tree, and copy it to the $FORREST_HOME/main/webapp/WEB-INF/lib directory (or lib/core/ directory in the source distribution).
Add the following generator definition in the map:generators section of your project sitemap
<map:generator name="serverpages" pool-grow="2" pool-max="32" pool-min="4" src="org.apache.cocoon.generation.ServerPagesGenerator"/>
Decide how you want to use XSP. For single files, you could just define a *.xml matcher:
<map:match pattern="dynamic.xml"> <map:generate src="content/xdocs/dynamic.xsp" type="serverpages"/> ... <map:serialize type="xml"/> </map:match>
You may instead wish to override forrest.xmap to define a general mapping for XSPs.
See also the AddingXSPToForrest Wiki page.
3.17. How do breadcrumbs work? Why don't they work locally?
Breadcrumbs begin with up to three URLs specified in skinconf.xml. Here is what the Forrest site uses:
<trail> <link1 name="Apache Software Foundation" href="http://www.apache.org/"/> <link2 name="Apache Forrest" href="http://forrest.apache.org/"/> <link3 name="" href=""/> </trail>
If any links are blank, they are not used. After these first links, JavaScript looks at the URL for the current page and makes a link for each directory after the domain. If you are viewing the site locally, there is no domain and so there will be no extra breadcrumbs, only the ones that are specified in skinconf.xml.
3.18. How do I make forrest run listen on a different port?
forrest run -Dforrest.jvmargs="-Djetty.port=80"
Or copy Forrest's main/webapp/jettyconf.xml file to your project's src/documentation directory and set the port number in that file. Then do forrest run
3.19. Can I run Forrest with Java debugging turned on?
If you use an IDE like Eclipse and want to debug java code in Forrest you need to start Forrest with debugging mode turned on. To do this you need to add -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,address=8000,server=y,susp end=n to the forrest.jvmargs property in the forrest.properties file. Don't forget to ensure the property is uncommented in that file.
3.20. How do I enable Cocoon's document checksum feature?
Why might you want to do this? There is really no effect on Cocoon processing, but a little time can be saved on filesystem writes, which will accumulate to a big savings for a site with thousands of files.
Some tools depend on the "date-last-modified" timestamp of the generated files. For example, the Forrestbot will then deploy only the modified files.
There was some discussion about this on the Forrest developer mailing list: Cocoon Checksum Specifically note that this feature only stops Cocoon from writing to disk if the new file is the same as the existing file. Cocoon still spends the same amount of time generating the content as it would if checksums were not enabled.
Locate the checksums-uri tag within cli.xconf and replace the contents with an absolute path and filename for the checksums file. Projects can supply their own (see FAQ: Cocoon cli.xconf) or use the default installation-wide cli.xconf file.
3.21. How to configure some Cocoon sitemap components, e.g. output html encoding or doctype?
The core Cocoon components are defined in the main/webapp/sitemap.xmap file. Normally the default settings are suitable. There are some things that you might like to change per project. For example, change the html encoding for output html files from the default UTF-8 or configure a different document type declaration for the Dispatcher.
Create a fresh site with 'forrest seed' and see the set of symbols at the src/documentation/resources/schema/symbols-project-v10.ent file. Copy that file to your own projects at the same location. Also add the entry to your project xml catalog as shown in the seed site at src/documentation/resources/schema/catalog.xcat file.
Now copy the particular entity that you wish to re-define from main/webapp/resources/schema/entity/symbols-core-v10.ent file into your project symbols file and edit the entity declaration. Re-start Forrest.
3.22. How to enable Cocoon error handling?
When Cocoon encounters an exception then it will present a default page to explain the error. Better error handling can be configured by adding a "map:handle-errors" section to each sitemap from which such exceptions might arise.
That is easily added directly to your project sitemap for any special processing. However for many cases it needs to be added to the main webapp/sitemap.xmap file.
Do this by adding a "sitemap-handle-errors" xml entity to your project "symbols" file (explained above). For example:
<!ENTITY sitemap-handle-errors ' <map:handle-errors> <map:select type="exception"> <map:when test="resourceNotFound"> <map:generate type="exception"/> <map:transform src="{lm:transform.exception.text}"> <map:parameter name="type" value="404"/> </map:transform> <map:serialize type="text" status-code="404"/> </map:when> </map:select> </map:handle-errors> '>
Some exception selectors are already configured in Forrest's main webapp/sitemap.xmap file at the "map:selectors" section. There is a mechanism for declaring more selectors for your project. As above, add a "sitemap-selectors" xml entity to your project "symbols" file. For this example, we demonstrate using an extra file for the snippet content.
<!ENTITY sitemap-selectors SYSTEM "sitemap-selectors.xml">
The file will be found relative to your project "symbols" file that declared it. (If you need to hold a common set of such files elsewhere, then the project Catalog Entity Resolver could be configured.) So here is an example "sitemap-selectors" snippet to configure the XPathExceptionSelector to declare other exception names for use in a more comprehensive "map:handle-errors" section:
<map:selector name="exception2" src="org.apache.cocoon.selection.XPathExceptionSelector"> <exception name="transformer2" class="javax.xml.transform.TransformerException" unroll="true"> <xpath name="goofer2" test="message='The identifier is not allowed.'"/> </exception> <exception class="java.lang.Throwable" unroll="true"/> </map:selector>
The "message" text is issued from a stylesheet-directed termination via <xsl:message terminate="yes">
This file-based entity is a very useful technique, as it handles the case where both double-quotes and single-quotes are required in the entity content.
See further explanation.
3.23. Why are there SVN diffs for some documents, even though they have not changed?
These un-necessary differences happen because the comitter who did 'svn add' for those files did not have their Subversion client configured properly for the "svn:eol-style" setting. See some notes about rectifying this issue.
4. Older version: 0.6
4.1. Some of my files are not being processed because they use common filenames.
Certain patterns are claimed by the default sitemaps for special processing. These include: site, changes, todo, faq, images, my-images, skinconf, community, howto
Sometimes there are workarounds, e.g. faq.html or faq-interview.html would fail, but interview-faq.html would be fine. In future versions of Forrest we will attempt to deal with this issue (FOR-217).
5. General
5.1. Where is documentation for older versions of Forrest?
Each version of Forrest contains its own documentation, as explained above.
The Forrest website holds documentation for only three versions of Forrest: the immediate past release, the current release, and the in-development version.
Thanks to the Internet Archive, the Wayback Machine holds all past documentation. For example, the 'Upgrading notes" for v0.6 and v0.7 versions.
5.2. What is the relationship between site.xml and book.xml?
One site.xml file in your project root can replace all the book.xml files (one per directory) in your site. Internally, Forrest uses site.xml to dynamically generate book.xml files. However, Forrest first checks for the existence of a book.xml file, so backwards-compatibility is preserved. If a directory has a book.xml file, the book.xml will be used to generate the menu. This supplement is useful in situations where site.xml-generated menus aren't appropriate. See Menus and Linking.
5.3. How do I use DocBook as the XML documentation format?
There are two ways. Forrest has a simplifiedDocbook plugin which can transform the DocBook format into the Forrest "xdocs" format on-the-fly and then render that as normal Forrest documents. Be aware that the stylesheet that does this transformation is deliberately very limited and does not attempt to deal with all DocBook elements.
The other way is to use the full DocBook stylesheets directly. The DocBook DTDs are shipped with Forrest and automatically handled. However, you will need to have the DocBook stylesheets on your system (they are too massive to ship with Forrest) and configure Forrest accordingly. You will need to create a project sitemap as explained in Using Forrest and add matches to handle your DocBook documents. Here is an example. Note that you need to change it to suit your situation. The match must be very specific so that only the DocBook documents are matched. The rest of the documents will be handled by Forrest core. Powerful regex capabilities are available.
<?xml version="1.0"?> <map:sitemap xmlns:map="http://apache.org/cocoon/sitemap/1.0"> <map:pipelines> <map:pipeline> <map:match pattern="resolver-*.html"> <map:generate src="{properties:content.xdocs}resolver-{1}.xml"/> <map:transform src="file:///usr/share/sgml/docbook/xsl-stylesheets/xhtml/docbook.xsl"/> <map:serialize type="xhtml"/> </map:match> </map:pipeline> </map:pipelines> </map:sitemap>
You need to define the xhtml serializer used in <map:serialize type="xhtml"/> in the components section of the sitemap. See the Cocoon docs for the elements you need to add to define this component. You can see examples of other components being added in the FORREST_HOME/main/webapp/sitemap.xmap file. Alternatively use the "html" DocBook stylesheets and the default Cocoon serializer, i.e. <map:serialize type="html"/>
The output of the above sitemap will be plain html not adorned with a Forrest theme and navigation. If instead you need the latter, then use the following technique instead. This transforms DocBook xml to html, then uses a Forrest core stylesheet to transform and serialize to the internal xml format, then the normal machinery takes over and does the output transformation. This use the Content Aware Pipelines (SourceTypeAction) to peek at the source xml. If it is DocBook-4.2 then this sitemap match is triggered, if not then it falls through to the core of Forrest.
<?xml version="1.0"?> <map:sitemap xmlns:map="http://apache.org/cocoon/sitemap/1.0"> <map:components> <map:actions> <map:action logger="sitemap.action.sourcetype" name="sourcetype"src="org.apache.forrest.sourcetype.SourceTypeAction"> <sourcetype name="docbook-v4.2"> <document-declaration public-id="-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"/> </sourcetype> </map:action> </map:actions> <map:selectors default="parameter"> <map:selector logger="sitemap.selector.parameter" name="parameter" src="org.apache.cocoon.selection.ParameterSelector"/> </map:selectors> </map:components> <map:pipelines> <map:pipeline> <map:match pattern="**.xml"> <map:act type="sourcetype" src="{properties:content.xdocs}{1}.xml"> <map:select type="parameter"> <map:parameter name="parameter-selector-test" value="{sourcetype}"/> <map:when test="docbook-v4.2"> <map:generate src="{properties:content.xdocs}{../1}.xml"/> <map:transform src="file:///usr/share/sgml/docbook/xsl-stylesheets/html/docbook.xsl"/> <map:transform src="{forrest:forrest.stylesheets}/html-to-document.xsl"/> <map:transform type="idgen"/> <map:serialize type="xml-document"/> </map:when> </map:select> </map:act> </map:match> </map:pipeline> </map:pipelines> </map:sitemap>
You can also use a mixture of the methods, some handled automatically by Forrest and some directly using DocBook stylesheets. You can also have a mixture of source files as "document-v*" DTD and DocBook.
Ensure that the document type declaration in your XML instance is well specified. Use a public identifier. The DTD will then be properly resolved by Forrest. If you need to use different DTDs, then see Using Forrest for configuration guidance.
5.4. How to report which version of Forrest is being used and the properties that are set?
Do 'forrest -projecthelp' or './build.sh' to find the version number. Also when starting 'forrest' or 'forrest run' the versions are reported for forrest, java, and ant.
To list the properties and other stuff, add "forrest.echo=true" to your forrest.properties file and watch the build messages. Doing 'forrest -v' will provide verbose build messages and other useful information.
In 'forrest run' mode, use the Forrestbar to see the build-info and properties, or access them directly:
- http://localhost:8888/build-info
- http://localhost:8888/module.properties.properties
See the documentation about the new Properties system.
5.5. Where are the log files to find more infomation about errors?
The logfiles are at build/webapp/WEB-INF/logs/
The log level can be raised with the logkit.xconf configuration. If you are using Forrest in the interactive webapp mode (which is generally easiest for debugging errors) then see the main/webapp/WEB-INF/logkit.xconf file. If you are generating a static site (with command-line 'forrest') then copy $FORREST_HOME/main/webapp/WEB-INF/logkit.xconf to your project at src/documentation/conf/logkit.xconf and modify it. See more information and efficiency tips with Cocoon logging.
Doing 'forrest -v' will provide verbose build messages to the standard output.
5.6. How to filter or reduce the standard output messages?
Where normally you would do 'forrest' or 'forrest run' etc. instead use the "quiet" option, and do 'forrest -q' or 'forrest -q run' etc. If errors are reported, then drop the "quiet" option and run again to get the context for the error.
Doing 'forrest -v' will provide very verbose build messages to the standard output.
5.7. How to enabled coloured standard output messages?
Adding colour to the forrest output messages will greatly assist readability.
Set the ANT_ARGS environment variable like so:
export ANT_ARGS="$ANT_ARGS -logger org.apache.tools.ant.listener.AnsiColorLogger"
To change the default colours, set the ANT_OPTS environment variable
like so:
export ANT_OPTS="$ANT_OPTS -Dant.logger.defaults=$FORREST_HOME/etc/AnsiColorLogger.properties"
and create that configuration file as
in the Apache Ant Manual.
That is required on Mac OS X and the "Attribute" for each colour needs
to be "0" rather than the default "2".
Note that not all terminals support ANSI color codes.
5.8. How to help?
Join one of the Forrest project mailing lists and tell us what you would like to see improved. We regard all feedback as valuable, particularly from newcomers—often, close proximity blinds software developers to faults that are obvious to everyone else. Don't be shy!
5.9. How to contribute a patch?
Please send all contributions via our issue tracker. Here are notes about making patches.
More info about contributing can be found at the Contributing to Forrest page. It is always a good idea to check the Forrest issue tracker before diving in.
5.10. How can job positions be advertised?
Employers can send notices about employment opportunities. There is a special jobs<AT>apache.org mailing list. You can also send these notices to the project mailing lists, e.g. dev list at Forrest or Cocoon (add [jobs] to the subject line). You can also approach particular developers off-list. However only genuine jobs, not pleas for free support (see mailing lists).
Some enlightened employers enable their employees to contribute material which was created during work-time using work-related resources. See ASF Development Process.
5.11. Is there a press kit? Who can journalists contact?
Press enquiries should be co-ordinated through the ASF Public Relations Committee (PRC). See contact information. The PRC also provides guidelines and handles particular usage of ASF trademarks and logos (see also FAQ and Guidelines).
The Apache Forrest logo (PNG) and banner (SVG | PNG) are available. Unfortunately the logo is only available as PNG.
5.12. How to report a security issue?
Security and vulnerability issues are co-ordinated through the ASF Security Team. This is only for reporting undisclosed security vulnerabilities in Apache products. For other issues, use the Forrest project Issue tracker.


text:
Publishing in the current issue of The Journal of Biological Chemistry, researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, Fla., have discovered additional mechanisms of "Akt" activation and suggest a component of that activation mechanism -- inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon (IKBKE) -- could be targeted as a therapeutic intervention for treating cancer.
Akt, also known as protein kinase B, is one of about 500 protein kinases in the human genome. Kinases are known to regulate the majority of cellular pathways. Akt modifies other proteins chemically and regulates cell proliferation.
"Recent evidence suggests that IKBKE is an oncogenic kinase that participates in malignant transformation and tumor development," said Moffitt senior researcher and lead author Jin Q. Cheng, Ph.D., M.D. "Our study identified Akt as a bona fide substrate of IKBKE and IKBKE direct activation of Akt independent PI3K and revealed a functional link between IKBKE and Akt activation in breast cancer."
Cheng's lab studies a variety of genetic alterations and their molecular mechanisms in both ovarian and breast cancer, particularly on their effect on the molecules that are regulated by Akt and the small molecule inhibitors of Akt.
"We found that inhibition of Akt suppresses IKBKE's oncogenic transformation," said Cheng. "This is significant because overexpression of IKBKE and activation of Akt has been observed in more than 50 percent of human cancers. Akt inhibitors targeting PH domain do not have inhibitory effect on IKBKE-induced Akt."
The researchers experimented with a variety of inhibitors currently being used in clinical trials.
The laboratory study utilized breast cancer cell lines from received from patient donors at Moffitt and cell lines received from Harvard University and Johns Hopkins University. The work was supported by a National Institutes of Health grant and a grant from the James and Esther King Biomedical Research Program.
Story Source:
Materials provided by H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Journal Reference:
Cite This Page:


text:
This question is not deleted because it has historical significance, but it is not considered a good, on-topic question for this site, so please do not use it as evidence that you can ask similar questions here.
More information: https://askubuntu.com/faq
The title says for itself.
There are a lot of interesting new features in Ubuntu. For example, after migrating into Ubuntu the most interesting feature for me was Centralized application installation via Synaptic (users do not need to search for an application, download it from somewhere, install it, and if it is pirated software to search keygens and stuffs like that).
What else could be added to the list?


text:
Reuters is reporting that Samsung's head of mobile design, Chang Dong-hoon, has changed roles at the company amid poor reception of the Galaxy S5. Dong-hoon was in charge of the Galaxy line during its rise to the top of the market, and the company now sells twice as many phones as Apple. His leadership also corresponded with the period during which Samsung was accused of taking most of its design cues from Apple, and he recently testified at Apple v. Samsung II.
Samsung has always been great about getting the latest big screens and speedy parts out to consumers, but the design and materials choices have always felt like an afterthought. Over the last three years, Samsung's phone design has barely changed at all—just look at the lineup of the Galaxy S3, S4, and S5, above. Critics (present company included) have offered the same criticisms of 2014's Galaxy S5 as they did of 2012's Galaxy S3: the plastic feels cheap, and TouchWiz is bloated and ugly.
Before the launch of the Galaxy S5, Samsung's Executive VP of Mobile gave an interview to Bloomberg that placed the blame for the Galaxy S4's disappointing sales on the design of the device, which the executive called too similar to the Galaxy S3. When the Galaxy S5 was unveiled, though, the design was just as close to the S4 as the S4 was to the S3. The one change Samsung did make, a new back design, was widely ridiculed for looking like a Band-Aid. In our review, we felt that the S5 design was a step backward from the S4, and the new hardware features—the fingerprint reader and heart rate sensor—didn't work.
In a statement to Reuters, Samsung spins the move as just a position change, saying, "The realignment will enable Chang to focus more on his role as head of the Design Strategy Team, the company's corporate design center which is responsible for long-term design strategy across all of Samsung's businesses, including Mobile Communications," but the Reuters report pins the move on the Galaxy S5's reception. Samsung's VP of Mobile Design, Lee Min-hyouk, will be taking over design leadership.
As we learned with Google's purchase of Motorola, smartphone design is not an nimble process that can be turned around overnight. If Samsung does decide to go in a new direction with its design, don't expect to see any changes for about 12 to 18 months. Thanks to carrier contracts and supply chains, smartphone OEMs have to plan out their lineup "pipeline" at least a year in advance. We'll check back in a year.


text:
Banking solutions can help you:
Accelerate digital transformation
Enhance financial services compliance and gain efficiencies
Ensure protection of information
Banking solutions can help you:
Accelerate digital transformation
Enhance financial services compliance and gain efficiencies
Ensure protection of information
Business as usual is no longer an option
In such a highly regulated, ultra-competitive and rapidly changing industry, it is imperative that you partner with someone who can meet the changing requirements of banks.
The banking industry is continuously evolving due to challenges stemming from regulation, legacy systems, disruptive models and technology, increased competition and a drive for improving the customer experience. As a result, the way your bank identifies, accesses, monitors and protects different types of information has to evolve as well. It is essential that you adapt your bank records retention and internal audit requests, while also ensuring the security of your customer's information.
Enabling Innovation and Digital Transformation
Whether you are a mortgage lender, retail or commercial bank, Iron Mountain makes it easy to manage your information throughout its lifecycle.
Banks of all sizes must maintain records – both physical and digital – for long periods of time. Specifically, mortgage loan documents and information are complex and demand rigorous bank records retention management processes throughout its lifecycle.
From backing up laptops and servers to archiving cloud data to leveraging an Iron Mountain data center to recovering information from older systems, we can help. Iron Mountain offers reliable and secure storage options as well as a bank document management system. Our innovative solutions will enable you to achieve your digital transformation goals by allowing you to store any remaining paper offsite while digitizing your information going forward. We also provide you with the tools to automate bank workflow processes and maintain online access to your records.
Our solutions are flexible and can be tailored to meet your company's requirements to manage the records critical to your business.
Banking Use Cases
A major US bank was experiencing a high level of check fraud. As a result, it became necessary to review a very large number of previously processed checks in a very compressed time frame. The bank did not have the equipment, manpower, or data capture expertise and technology to process these checks within the deadline.
Iron Mountain quickly configured a solution to receive the previously imaged checks, capture the required metadata using both automation and manual techniques, and then fed that data back to the customer.
Value Prop:
- Met required deadline and completed necessary analysis to inform their fraud system
- Leveraged the Iron Mountain solution for incident management and day-forward monitoring
Solutions to Help:
A global financial services company was consolidating facilities nationwide, looking at how to best utilize available space. The company struggled to manage physical files, which at the time were being stored in cabinets located near specific employees who needed access to those particular files. The goal was to simplify access to these files for authorized employees as the company transitioned to a more mobile and remote workforce.
Iron Mountain partnered with the customer to create and execute a holistic solution to back file highly active images and store, microform and deploy an image on demand solution for the less active files. A day forward plan was put in place for image capture and born digital documents to optimize business processing and enable employee access to information.
Value Prop:
- Lowered operating expenses
- Reduced cycle times
- Greater control and visibility into processes
- Optimized spend with day-forward process
- Uniform indexing scheme to manage older documents
A global professional services firm was looking to better manage human resources files, including maintaining a proper inventory of current documents. This was becoming more challenging, particularly as they rolled out a hoteling strategy that allowed an already mobile workforce even more flexibility to work anywhere.
Iron Mountain created a centralized capture process to ingest Human Resources documents as they are received, validated those documents with the client's HR database and provided an inventory of the document types along with other attributes to maintain replacement dates.
Value Prop:
- Reduced duplicate and ghost files
- Reduced costs for processing incoming documentation
- Greater compliance with up to date paperwork for employees
Solutions to Help:
A multinational investment bank and financial services company needed to identify a data center solution that allowed it to scale rapidly to meet increasing market demand while supporting its commitment to sustainability and security of customer assets. The provider also needed to be able to meet aggressive delivery timelines to ensure proper time-to-market.
The company chose an Iron Mountain modular data center as the ideal solution to its data center initiative. This delivered data center PUE near 1.1, which reduced waste and addressed the sustainability requirement. The MOD also provided a self-contained environment for added security and scalability.
Value Prop:
- Scalability
- Sustainability
- Fast Time-to-Market
Solutions to help:
services we provide
Contact Iron Mountain
Our Customer Support section can help provide you with the quickest answers to your questions, or feel free to contact us at your convenience
Contact Iron Mountain
Our Customer Support section can help provide you with the quickest answers to your questions, or feel free to contact us at your convenience


text:
Sterling Heights-based Rizzo Environmental Services Inc. has seen so much growth recently in municipal and commercial waste collection contracts that it no longer sees a need to diversify into landfills.
The turning points: Waste collected by Rizzo under a new trash hauling and curbside recycling contract award from the city of Detroit apparently won't be leaving the city, and St. Clair County may become a disposal option for some of its Macomb County suburban customers. Company President and CEO Chuck Rizzo Jr. said the family-owned waste hauler plans this week to terminate its option agreement on 316 acres of land where it had proposed the Clinton Valley Farms landfill in Lenox Township. It will also table its application for Macomb County officials to allow the landfill in favor of a request to export more trash outside the county, he said.Rizzo said a number of market conditions for waste collection in Southeast Michigan have changed since the company first entered into the Lenox option, about a year ago. One is the likelihood that Rizzo and Florida-based Advanced Disposal Inc. will be disposing all of Detroit's trash at the Detroit Renewable Energy LLC waste-to-energy plant in the city (known as the Detroit incinerator) once the two new Detroit contractors take over solid waste collection for the city on May 1. That originally wasn't expected to happen, when Detroit first shopped a proposal to privatize waste collection last year.Another is that neighboring St. Clair County may open its borders to accept Macomb waste soon to its own Smiths Creek Landfill, in a deal that is expected to create more market competition for the Waste Management Inc.-owned Pine Tree Acres landfill in Lenox. Pine Tree is currently Macomb's only open landfill."We were concerned about a monopoly (by Waste Management), and amending our request might create the same result," Rizzo said. "This change now helps create the market competition effect of having another landfill in the county, but without the cost of adding another landfill." Jeffrey Bohm, chairman of the St. Clair County Board of Commissioners, confirmed that the county has reviewed landfill operations with consultants and should "very soon" consider a proposal to amend its solid waste plan and allow waste imports from Macomb and Lapeer counties.Traditionally a closed county, St. Clair has seen collection at its only active landfill dwindle from about 370,000 tons in 2003 to about 170,000 tons today, largely due to plummeting commercial waste contributions among its local businesses. That brings Smiths Creek to about a break-even operation, he said, and the county has been looking at waste imports to bolster profitability. "The volumes are way down, and we are looking for a way to get our waste streams stabilized," Bohm said. "Sometimes you have communities that don't address that issue until it's become a problem. We're trying instead to be very proactive." Rizzo said his company, co-founded in 1998 with his father, Charles Rizzo Sr., maintains a business mix of about 60 percent municipal contracts and 40 percent commercial waste collection contract with large manufacturers and other companies. Its parent company, Rizzo Group, is co-owned by father and son along with CEO Michael Ferrantino Jr. of EQ – The Environmental Quality Co. in Wayne; New York City-based private equity firm Kinderhook Industries; and Habib Mamou, president of V&M Corp., doing business as Royal Oak Recycling.Rizzo Environmental has grown steadily through a mix of new residential contracts and business acquisitions, and the company claims it has never lost a municipal contract since Hamtramck became its first customer in 2001. When Kinderhook acquired its stake in Rizzo Group in 2012, revenue was about $23 million, Chuck Rizzo said. This year, it should exceed $70 million, even before it begins servicing two out of four geographic zones of Detroit. Rizzo Environmental in November acquired Royal Oak Recycling (Chuck Rizzo estimates the target company revenue was almost $20 million) and in July it won the residential hauling contracts for Eastpointe, Roseville and St. Clair Shores away from Waste Management of Michigan, a subsidiary of Houston-based Waste Management.The company also picked up contracts for more than a half dozen Oakland County communities and the management of a Warren transfer station out of the 2012 bankruptcy of Flint-based Richfield Equities LLC, which converted to a Chapter 7 liquidation last February.Chuck Rizzo and Charles Rizzo Sr. told Crain's the company won its first municipal contract for Hamtramck in 2001 and has since grown to provide services to 32 local communities in Wayne, Oakland and Macomb counties. Adding the Detroit contract is expected to require Rizzo to buy about 40 new vehicles and add 55-60 new jobs, and could add $10.5 million to $11 million in additional yearly revenue, meaning 2014 revenue could approach $80 million depending on when Detroit service begins. Contract terms are still being finalized, although Chuck Rizzo said the company could start as early as February. The company also claims a better than an 80 percent success rate on recent municipal bidding against its competitors. Chuck Rizzo credits that track record in part to being a local company without the added overhead costs of Waste Management, Arizona-based Republic Services Inc. and other competitors that also maintain landfills, recyclable materials recovery centers and other nonhauling operations.The company also has sometimes aggressively pursued new business, even submitting unsolicited bids in the past for St. Clair Shores and Harrison Township. Last fall, it submitted a similar bid to Rochester Hills, and even tried a local politics tactic: contacting a citizens' watchdog group that organized robocalls to residents after that company renewed a Republic Services contract without competitive bidding. Because of the corporate growth, Rizzo recently acquired 6 acres of land adjacent to its 40,000-square-foot garage and office building in Sterling Heights, where it has been based since 2005. Chuck Rizzo said the company hopes to open a new services center in Pontiac by June if it can clear some Oakland County regulatory approvals in the next few months, but it isn't short on vehicle fleet space. "There's plenty of capacity here" at Sterling Heights, he said, adding that even with Detroit, the location won't be more than 80 percent full. "And at this location, we're not near very many residential neighborhoods to have concerns about noise or the early morning starts." Rizzo Environmental also has a bid pending to add Southgate to its waste hauling contracts, and plans upcoming bids on Harrison Township and Washington Township as well as possible acquisitions this year, Rizzo said. Tom Horton, government affairs manager for the Michigan, Indiana and Ohio region of Waste Management, said the new Rizzo and Advanced Disposal contracts simply prove the Detroit area "has always been a robust, competitive marketplace" for waste haulers, and that competition should continue. He also said a new $15 million plant that converts landfill gas from the Pine Tree Acres landfill into electricity has helped establish Waste Management as the largest producer of landfill energy in the Midwest. That plant, completed in 2012, expanded the landfill's power output capacity from 8.8 megawatts to 21.6 megawatts, enough to power about 17,000 homes. Horton also disputes Rizzo's contention that Pine Tree Acres has a monopoly on Macomb waste disposal due to its location and limitations on waste exports. "These are guidelines, not restrictions, on moving waste in the county's (solid waste management) plan, and these (Rizzo's) allegations that restrictions exist are simply without evidence," he said. Horton said commercial waste collection in Detroit remains a thriving Waste Management operation. The company handles recycling and hauls paper and cardboard waste for reuse for General Motors Co. at the Renaissance Center headquarters, under a zero-landfill conversion plan the automaker completed at its headquarters complex in December. But Royal Oak Recycling, now a Rizzo company, also bales and ships paper from the RenCen to be resold as material and cereal box and tissue paper.Both Rizzo and Advanced Disposal, the company awarded the other half of the Detroit contract, are expected to send waste to the Detroit incinerator. The city is being divided into east and west collection zones as part of the contract. Detroit Renewable Power President John O'Sullivan confirmed the two new waste contractors recently informed his company they will send all Detroit waste to the plant, either directly or by way of a Southfield transfer station."It's my understanding that's the city's choice, though we haven't had much direct communication from the city recently," O'Sullivan said. "That may change soon, though, since a new mayoral administration is in and we expect to see some new activity now on its (Detroit's) operations side." Chad Halcom: (313) 446-6796, [email protected]. Twitter: @chadhalcom


text:
Should You Pump the Brakes on TravelCenters?
Interstate staple TravelCenters of America is flirting with its 52-week high after the company issued a favorable earnings release. But even at its current levels, the company trades at less than nine times forward earnings, and has a trailing EV/EBITDA of 6.7 times. With a tremendous national footprint in the trucking scene, and the possible beginning of an upward trend in freight activity, is TravelCenters still a buy at more than $9 per share? Careful, objects in the mirror may not be as attractive as they appear.
Business overview
TravelCenters of America operates roadside truckstops that offer fuel services, maintenance facilities, rest stops, and food service under the names TA and Petro Stopping Centers. Over 50% of the company's locations are in the top 10 states for trucking traffic. Your average TravelCenter location is far bigger than a normal fuel station, rest stop, and many other full-service facilities, giving it a unique market position. The company has 214 restaurants and an additional 290 fast-food restaurants it operates from the major franchisers. On the fuel front, 90% of TravelCenter sales are diesel truck fuel, with the remaining 10% made up of gasoline.
The macro situation
Freight volume may be headed north once more. As pointed out in the company's investor presentation, freight volume in the United States last went through a growth trend from 2000 right up until the financial crisis, growing at a volume CAGR of just more than 5% and a revenue CAGR of 10.2%. Predictably, these levels dropped off sharply in 2009 and remained relatively flat until 2011. Now, that chart is trending similarly to previous periods, and leaving five years or so of growth for the industry. This bodes very well for TravelCenters, if it's an accurate prediction.
TravelCenters has been able to navigate fuel-pricing flux quite well over the past several years, which is absolutely critical for the success of its business. In 2005, gross margins sat at $0.05 per gallon. Today, that margin is $0.17 per gallon.
Recent results
The two winter quarters are soft for the company, as truck volume is much lower than in warmer months. In the fourth quarter, TravelCenters incurred a net loss of $2.5 million -- roughly even with the prior quarter's numbers. EBITDAR (EBITDA plus rent and restructuring -- a useful metric in evaluating franchise businesses) increased 6% from the prior year to $65.6 million. Even though the company's gross fuel margin increased, it was nonfuel revenue that really drove the company, with segment revenues up 5.5% year over year. Nonfuel revenue is mainly due to the company's ongoing effort to buy back franchise-owned properties. Throughout the year, the company spent north of $50 million on the effort.
The results beat the Street on the bottom line and met expectations on revenues.
Things look strong for TravelCenters, but with a three-month gain of nearly 100%, is the stock overbought at this level?
Pump the brakes
By many metrics, TravelCenters would appear to be still attractively valued, even after its huge run. But investors may want to be cautious before hitting the buy button.
TravelCenters has not produced any free cash flow for shareholders in the last four years. Now, the company was in recovery and needed to incur high capital expenditures to get back on track, yet these numbers have ballooned at rates much greater than revenues. In 2009, the company spent $37.7 million in capex, with revenues at $4.7 billion and net loss of $89.9 million. By 2011, capex increased more than three times to $124.85 million, with revenues of $7.89 billion and net income of $23.5 million. For 2012, capex reached $188.7 million, with revenues at just under $8 billion and net income at $32.36 million.
So, over four years, capital expenditures are up five times, while sales are up just 70%. Along the way, the company has issued offerings in both equity and debt to fund expansion. Is this really that appealing of a return? Management's capital allocation has yet to provide any meaningful cash flow, while diluting shareholders -- a bad sign for long-term investors
I like TravelCenters' business, on the surface. A captive roadside audience, high barriers to entry, and improving margins all suggest a solid business for the long term. Low valuation metrics can be attractive, if they misrepresent the company, but I don't think there is much misrepresentation here given the unexciting returns on debt and equity. TravelCenters may not warrant much more than its current value, if that.
I recommend investors wait to see if these heavy up-front costs yield better returns in coming quarters and years. Something just doesn't seem right here.
More from The Motley Fool
The Motley Fool's chief investment officer has selected his No. 1 stock for the next year. Find out which stock it is in the brand-new free report: "The Motley Fool's Top Stock for 2013." Just click here to access the report and find out the name of this under-the-radar company.
The article Should You Pump the Brakes on TravelCenters? originally appeared on Fool.com.
Fool contributor Michael Lewis has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
Copyright © 1995 - 2013 The Motley Fool, LLC. All rights reserved. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.


text:
Adding Two More Final Four Telecasts is An Interesting Move
Posted by Chris Johnson on November 19th, 2013Watch or listen to enough of your favorite team's games, and it's easy to get attached to a particular announcer, play-by-play man, or both. For better or worse, fans get comfortable hearing the same voice every time they turn on their radio or television to watch their teams play. Sometimes fans discuss what they like or don't like about their team's radio or television broadcasts. Being a fan of a team is – whether you like it or not – being a fan of the radio and television announcers that call that team's games as well. You may not like what they have to say all the time, but those guys are people you sort of just learn to deal with – lest you begin pressing the mute button on your TV remote anytime you watch your team play, or neglecting games in favor of listening to music on long car rides.
A lot of people actually enjoy their favorite team's radio and TV broadcasters. I happen to find Gary Cohen, Ron Darling and Keith Hernandez entertaining and informative (As for the team they cover… that's a different story). That's the idea that CBS and Turner Sports had in mind, one would think, when they decided they would air three different telecasts for the two 2014 Final Four games. There will be a standard broadcast airing on TBS that will likely feature CBS' top announcing crew of Steve Kerr, Greg Anthony, Jim Nantz and Tracy Wolfson. The other two broadcasts will use announcers and "camera angles" to accommodate the fan bases of the competing teams (The national championship game will still be carried solely on CBS). Who will be selected to call the TNT and TruTV telecasts is yet to be determined, according to a report from Sports Business Journal, but it should also be noted that Turner and CBS expect to air one set of advertisements at the same time across the three productions.


text:
int sigsuspend(const sigset_t *mask);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
sigsuspend(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || _POSIX_SOURCE
If the signal terminates the process, then sigsuspend() does not return. If the signal is caught, then sigsuspend() returns after the signal handler returns, and the signal mask is restored to the state before the call to sigsuspend().
It is not possible to block SIGKILL or SIGSTOP; specifying these signals in mask, has no effect on the process's signal mask.
Normally, sigsuspend() is used in conjunction with sigprocmask(2) in order to prevent delivery of a signal during the execution of a critical code section. The caller first blocks the signals with sigprocmask(2). When the critical code has completed, the caller then waits for the signals by calling sigsuspend() with the signal mask that was returned by sigprocmask(2) (in the oldset argument).
See sigsetops(3) for details on manipulating signal sets.


text:
With 7 billion on earth, a huge task before us
By Jeffrey D. Sachs, Special to CNN
As global population reaches 7 billion, Jeffrey Sachs says we must adopt sustainable technologies, achieve stable population.
- Jeffrey Sachs: Earth's population will hit 7 billion this month; milestone, huge challenge
- He says with earth's resources already stretched thin, rapid growth is cause for concern
- He asks: How do we increase opportunities for all, leave a usable planet for future?
- Sachs: Vital to switch to sustainable technologies, cut fertility rates
Editor's note: Jeffrey D. Sachs is director of The Earth Institute, Columbia University. He and colleagues will discuss the 7 billion mark in a free live webcast Monday, October 17. He is the author of "The Price of Civilization," published this month.
(CNN) -- Just 12 years after the arrival of the 6 billionth individual on the planet in 1999, humanity will greet the 7 billionth arrival this month. The world population continues its rapid ascent, with roughly 75 million more births than deaths each year. The consequences of a world crowded with 7 billion people are enormous. And unless the world population stabilizes during the 21st century, the consequences for humanity could be grim.
A rising population puts enormous pressures on a planet already plunging into environmental catastrophe. Providing food, clothing, shelter, and energy for 7 billion people is a task of startling complexity.
The world's agricultural systems are already dangerously overstretched. Rainforests are being cut down to make way for new farms; groundwater used for irrigation is being depleted; greenhouse gases emitted from agricultural activities are a major factor in global climate change; fertilizers are poisoning estuaries; and countless species are threatened with extinction as we grab their land and water and destroy their habitats.
The economic challenges are equally huge. Population is growing most rapidly in the world's poorest countries -- often the places with the most fragile ecological conditions. Poor people tend to have many more children, for several reasons. Many live on farms, where children can be engaged in farm chores.
When poor families have six or eight children, many or most of them are virtually condemned to a lifetime of poverty. Too often, parents lack the wherewithal to provide decent nutrition, health care and education to most of them. Illiteracy and ill health end up being passed from generation to generation. Governments in poor countries are unable to keep up, their budgets overmatched by the need for new schools, roads and other infrastructure.
So the arrival of the 7 billionth person is cause for profound global concern. It carries a challenge: What will it take to maintain a planet in which each person has a chance for a full, productive and prosperous life, and in which the planet's resources are sustained for future generations? How, in short, can we enjoy "sustainable development" on a very crowded planet?
The answer has two parts, and each portends a difficult journey over several decades. The first part requires a change of technologies -- in farming, energy, industry, transport and building -- so that each of us on average is putting less environmental stress on the planet. We will have to make a worldwide transition, for example, from today's fossil-fuel era, dependent on coal, oil and gas, to an era powered by low-carbon energies such as the sun and wind. That will require an unprecedented degree of global cooperation.
The second key to sustainable development is the stabilization of the global population. This is already occurring in high-income and even some middle-income countries, as families choose to have one or two children on average. The reduction of fertility rates should be encouraged in the poorer countries as well. Rapid and wholly voluntary reductions of fertility have been and can be achieved in poor countries. Success at reducing high fertility rates depends on keeping girls in school, ensuring that children survive, and providing access to modern family planning and contraceptives.
Two centuries ago, the British thinker Thomas Robert Malthus famously warned that excessive population growth would cut short economic progress. That is a threat still with us today, but it is a warning, not an inevitable outcome.
We face an urgent task: to adopt more sustainable technologies and lifestyles, and work harder to achieve a stable population of some 8 billion or so by mid-century, rather than the current path, which could easily carry the world to more than 10 billion people by 2100.
The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of Jeffrey Sachs.
Jeffrey D. Sachs