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Details of our legal and privacy policies
This Internet site (www.cybmerchantservices.co.uk) (this "Site") of Clydesdale Bank PLC (the "Bank") is subject to the Rules of Use set out below. Please take time to read this important information. Use and access of this Site infers your acknowledgement and acceptance of the Rules of Use as the same may be amended from time to time. If you do not agree to the Rules of Use, please do not use this Site.
Clydesdale Bank PLC is authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority. Financial Services Register No. 121873. Credit facilities other than regulated mortgages and regulated credit agreements are not regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.
Clydesdale Bank PLC, which also trades as Yorkshire Bank, is a member of a group of companies (the "Group"). The Group includes Clydesdale Bank PLC, each subsidiary or holding company of Clydesdale Bank PLC from time to time and each subsidiary from time to time of any such holding company. A complete list is available on request.
Clydesdale Bank PLC is registered in Scotland under the company number: SC001111, and has its registered office at 30 St. Vincent Place, Glasgow, G1 2HL.
The VAT number of Clydesdale Bank PLC is 261377066.
Private Client Investment Management services are provided by Clydesdale Bank PLC which is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.
Clydesdale Bank complies with the requirements of the Lending Code, a voluntary code which sets standards for good lending practices.
Further details can be found on the Lending Standards Board website www.lendingstandardsboard.org.uk (opens in a new window)
We are fully committed to high standards of service, treating our customers fairly, helping our customers understand how their accounts operate and giving them a better understanding of banking services and maintaining confidence in the security and integrity of banks. You can find further information on bank accounts on the Financial Services Authority's "Money made clear" website at www.moneyadviceservice.org.uk (opens in a new window)
Details can be found on the British Bankers Association (BBA) website (opens in new window) of sources of free help and advice with a focus on debt counselling and business support.
You should access this Site through the homepage and not straight to individual pages of this Site. Throughout this Site there are words highlighted in bold and underlined in the text. If you click on these words you will be taken to another page of this Site or part of that page. Depending on your screen resolution, the text and materials on one page of this Site may not fit entirely into one screen. Where this occurs, you should use the vertical and/or horizontal scroll bars in order to access the entire content of the page. If you do not do this you may not see important material and information. Clydesdale Bank PLC shall not have any liability if a user suffers loss or damage as a result of failing to use and access this Site properly.
As noted above if you access individual pages directly you may not see important material and information including links to important legal or regulatory information which should be read in conjunction with the Rules of Use and Clydesdale Bank PLC's Privacy Policy and other relevant information. Clydesdale Bank PLC shall not have any liability if a user suffers loss or damage as a result of failing to see relevant legal or regulatory information displayed on this Site.
Access to this Site is permitted on a temporary basis, and Clydesdale Bank PLC reserves the right to withdraw or amend the service it provides on this Site without notice. Clydesdale Bank PLC will not be liable if for any reason this Site is not available at any time or for any period.
If you choose, or are provided with, a user identification code, password or any other piece of information as part of our security procedures, you must treat such information as confidential and you must not disclose it to any third party. We have the right to disable any such user identification code or password, whether chosen by you or allocated by Clydesdale Bank PLC, at any time, if in Clydesdale Bank PLC's opinion you have failed to comply with any of the provisions of these Rules of Use.
You are responsible for making all arrangements necessary for you to access this Site. You are also responsible for ensuring that all persons who access this Site through your internet connection are aware of these terms, and that they comply with them.
Copyright in the contents of, and in all information contained on this Site, vests in (or is duly licensed to) Clydesdale Bank PLC. All rights not expressly granted therein are reserved by Clydesdale Bank PLC. You may download to disk and retain a single copy of all or any of the pages (including parts of pages) contained on this Site and print one single hard copy of same for your own personal use. Apart from the foregoing use, no page or part of a page or other information contained on this Site may be copied, reproduced, stored, adapted, transmitted, disseminated, broadcast or performed in any form or by any process, without the specific prior written consent of Clydesdale Bank PLC. Users should not remove or alter any copyright or other notices of proprietary restrictions from any content or materials appearing within this Site. Any unauthorised downloading, re-transmission or other copying or modification of any page or part of a page or information therein may well be in breach of statutory or common law rights which could be the subject of legal action.
The 'CB device' and 'Clydesdale Bank' are registered trademarks of Clydesdale Bank PLC. Unauthorised use of these trademarks is not permitted. Other trademarks, including Barclays-Stockbroker Price Improver and MasterCard, are licensed for use of Clydesdale Bank PLC only and cannot be used or reproduced by any unauthorised party.
The information contained or displayed on this Site is believed by Clydesdale Bank PLC to be reliable when displayed.
Whilst Clydesdale Bank PLC has taken reasonable care to ensure that the information and functions contained or displayed on this Site are complete and correct, Clydesdale Bank PLC does not warrant or represent that such information or functions is or are free from errors or omissions or that the information contained or displayed on this Site is suitable for your intended use. Clydesdale Bank PLC therefore disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on such materials by any visitor to this Site, or by anyone who may be informed of its contents.
Clydesdale Bank PLC aims to update this Site regularly and may change the content at any time. However, any of the material on this Site may be out of date at any given time and Clydesdale Bank PLC makes no commitment to update the content and materials on this Site. The use of the internet and transmitting information to or from this Site may not be secure from access by third parties and therefore may not remain confidential or private. If you choose to retain a hard or soft copy of all or any of these pages (including parts of pages) please ensure that the copy which is being relied upon is the most up-to-date version of that information available, by accessing this Site and refreshing/updating any cached copy of this Site or relevant part of it. Information published at this Site may refer to products, information or services that are not available in your country or locality. Clydesdale Bank PLC is not obliged to provide such products, information and services and it reserves the right not to do so. The products, information and services published in this Site are not being made available to all users which access this Site and the products, information or services can be withdrawn at any time. Clydesdale Bank PLC is not in any way obliged to act upon any instructions received from users of this Site.
Clydesdale Bank PLC takes all reasonable precautions to protect our users' information. Our e-mail enquiry forms are not sent via an encrypted channel and for this reason we ask that you do not include sensitive personal information when using them. When Clydesdale Bank PLC's registration/application form asks users to enter sensitive information (such as Bank account details), such information is encrypted and is protected with SSL encryption software. While we use SSL encryption to protect sensitive information online, we will use all reasonable endeavours to protect user-information off-line. However, any personal details or other information entered onto or submitted through this Site or by e-mail to Clydesdale Bank PLC is entered or transmitted at the user's risk and Clydesdale Bank PLC shall not be liable for any such information being intercepted or accessed by any third party without the knowledge of Clydesdale Bank PLC or any of its employees or agents. Access to all of our users' information, not just the sensitive information mentioned above, is restricted in our offices. Only employees who need the information to perform a specific job are granted access to personally identifiable information. Clydesdale Bank PLC's employees use password-protected screen-savers when they leave their desk. When they return, they re-enter their password to re-gain access to your information. Furthermore, ALL employees are kept up-to-date on our security and privacy practices.
Clydesdale Bank PLC does not give any guarantees or warranties in respect of this Site and in so far as allowed by applicable law, excludes all implied warranties. In particular, this Site is provided on an "as is, as available" basis and Clydesdale Bank PLC does not guarantee the availability, accuracy, timeliness, completeness, performance or fitness for a particular purpose of this Site or any content. All implied warranties are excluded to the extent that they may be excluded as a matter of law.
Clydesdale Bank PLC will not be liable to you, the end-user or any third party for any direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages (including without limitation, those arising from lost data, business interruption or damages for loss of profits) arising in contract, delict, tort or otherwise from your use of or inability to use this Site for any reason or any content or any web-site linked to this Site or the materials or information contained and displayed at any or all such sites or from action taken (or not taken) as a result of using this Site or any content or any web-site linked to this Site or the materials or information contained at any or all such web-sites.
Any exclusions, limitations or restrictions of liability contained in these Rules of Use shall be subject to the qualification that nothing contained in any such exclusion or limitation or restriction of liability shall operate to exclude or restrict any duty or liability of Clydesdale Bank PLC to any person which it has under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (as amended from time to time).
Where we collect personal information about you, this personal information may be transferred to and/or shared with and/or used by other members of the Group in accordance with the Privacy Policy .
Telephone calls to the numbers detailed on this Site may be recorded or monitored. This is for your security and with the aim of improving service and for staff training.
Clydesdale Bank PLC uses IP addresses to analyse trends, administer this Site, track users' movement and gather broad demographic information for aggregate use. IP addresses are not linked to other personally identifiable information.
Clydesdale Bank PLC and, or any third party engaged by Clydesdale Bank PLC to carry out research for the purposes noted above will use cookies or other similar text files or programs when you visit certain parts of this Site. A cookie is a small file which is sent to your browser and stored on your computer's hard disc and helps Clydesdale Bank PLC understand and track your use of this Site and where it can improve the information and services provided. Clydesdale Bank PLC uses cookies solely to gather information on IP addresses, to analyse trends, administer this Site, track user's movements on this Site and gather broad demographic information for aggregate use. IP addresses are not linked to other personally identifiable information and will not be used to deliver targeted marketing messages. For information about blocking the use of cookies, please refer to the instructions/help screen on your Internet browser. Please note that you may not be able to use or access certain parts of this Site or online services if you block the use of cookies.
You will not post or transmit any statement or material while accessing or using this Site that is unlawful, obscene, indecent, libellous, pornographic, offensive, defamatory, threatening, abusive, libel to incite racial hatred, discriminatory, menacing, threatening, scandalous, blasphemous, in breach of confidence, in breach of privacy or that would be considered a criminal offence, give rise to civil liability or otherwise be contrary to the law of or infringe the rights of any third party enforceable in any part of the United Kingdom or elsewhere.
You are liable for any posting on or transmission to this Site by you and Clydesdale Bank PLC accepts no responsibility and/or liability in relation thereto.
Any material you upload to this Site will be considered non-confidential and non-proprietary, and Clydesdale Bank PLC has the right to use, copy, distribute, and disclose to third parties any such material for any purpose. Clydesdale Bank PLC will co-operate fully with any enforcement, authority or court order requesting or directing Clydesdale Bank PLC to disclose the identity or location of anyone in breach or allegedly in breach of any of the above.
Clydesdale Bank PLC and its related companies and businesses and personnel cannot guarantee that any file or program available for download and/or execution from or via this Site is free of computer viruses or other conditions which could damage or interfere with data, hardware or software with which it might be used. All files and/or programs published on this Site are published on the strict condition that you, the user, assume all risk of use and Clydesdale Bank PLC hereby excludes liability for all and any consequences of your use of such files or programs.
You will not transmit any technically harmful postings or transmissions to or through this Site (which shall include but not be limited to computer viruses, logic bombs, Trojan horses, worms, harmful components, corruptive data or other malicious software or harmful data) or engage in other practices of mis-use (which shall include but not be limited to hacking).
Clydesdale Bank PLC does not accept any liability for any loss or damage caused by a distributed denial-of-service attack, viruses or other technologically harmful material that may infect your computer equipment, computer programs, data or other proprietary material due to your use of this Site or to your downloading of any material posted on it, or on any website linked to it.
This Site contains links to other websites or web pages either directly or through frames and, where possible, Clydesdale Bank PLC will make it clear where such links are being made. Links to third party websites or web pages on this Site are provided solely as a convenience to you. If you use these links you will leave this Site. Clydesdale Bank PLC has not reviewed all of these third party Sites and does not control, is not responsible and shall have no liability for any of such sites, their availability or their content or for any services provided by them. Accordingly, Clydesdale Bank PLC does not endorse or make any representations about them or any products, services, information or materials on such third party sites or any results that may be obtained by using them. If you decide to access any third party sites which are linked to from this Site you do this entirely at your own risk. Please advise us immediately if you consider any link pages to be inappropriate, illegal or offensive.
Should any of these Rules of Use be held to be unenforceable the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not be affected and the unenforceable provision will be replaced by an enforceable provision which comes closest to the intention underlying the unenforceable provision and which is of similar economic effect. If Clydesdale Bank PLC fails to exercise any right or remedy available under the Rules of Use such failure does not constitute a waiver of that right or remedy.
Clydesdale Bank PLC recommends that you seek independent advice before acting on any information contained or displayed on this Site or refraining from acting on the basis of any information contained or displayed on this Site. In particular, the information contained or displayed on this Site does not constitute any form of advice, recommendation, or arrangement by Clydesdale Bank PLC. Subject to any terms implied by law or by the rules of any regulatory body, and which cannot be excluded, Clydesdale Bank PLC accepts no responsibility for any loss, damage, cost or expense incurred by you as a result of any error, omission or misrepresentation on this Site. Nothing on this Site is intended to constitute an offer or solicitation of banking, financial, investment or insurance services or to buy or sell other products or services. Any arrangements made between you and any third parties named on this Site are at your sole risk and responsibility.
The information appearing on this Site including the products and services described on this Site have been prepared in accordance with and are subject to the laws of England and Wales. The information may not satisfy the laws of any other country. It is not directed at people in any other country other than the United Kingdom and should not be relied on by people of any country other than the United Kingdom. Any visitor to this Site agrees that the use of this Site and the terms that are applicable are governed by the laws of England and Wales and are subject to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of England and Wales.
Clydesdale Bank PLC is a member of the Financial Services Compensation Scheme established under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.
If you make a valid claim against Clydesdale Bank PLC in respect of any credit balances, insurance, mortgages, investment held with us or which we arrange for you and we are unable to meet our liabilities in full, you may be entitled to compensation from the Financial Services compensation Scheme (FSCS). This depends on the type of business and the circumstances of the claim.
Further information about compensation scheme arrangements is available from the FSCS at www.FSCS.org.ukor Financial Services Compensation Scheme, 7th Floor, Lloyds Chambers, Portsoken Street , London E1 8BN
Clydesdale Bank is a trading name of Clydesdale Bank PLC which is registered in Scotland No: SC001111 and which has its registered office at 30 St Vincent Place, Glasgow, G1 2HL.
Clydesdale Bank PLC is authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority. Financial Services Register No. 121873. Credit facilities other than regulated mortgages and regulated credit agreements are not regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.
Clydesdale Bank PLC, which also trades as Yorkshire Bank, is a member of a group of companies (the "Group"). The Group includes Clydesdale Bank PLC, each subsidiary or holding company of Clydesdale Bank PLC from time to time and each subsidiary from time to time of any such holding company. A complete list is available on request.
In this Privacy Policy, a reference to "we", "us" or "our" is a reference to the Group or a member of the Group, as appropriate.
We have developed this policy so that you may feel confident about the privacy and security of your personal information.
Clydesdale Bank will share information about you with other members of the Group. The following sections explain in more detail how and for what purposes the Group will use your personal information.
You do not need to register to access most of our websites, which is the case with this website, and where you do not register, personal information about you will not be collected by us unless you give us this voluntarily in order to process a specific request. We will use that data only to fulfil that request.
We currently may hold personal and financial information about you and may obtain or receive such information about you in the future. The information we process about you will be obtained from various sources including:
For our internal operational reasons we may link information concerning your accounts with us to information concerning other products and services we provide to you. We may also link your information to that of other individuals with whom you are financially associated. Such information may also include sensitive personal data, such as information relating to your health, or criminal convictions or proceedings. However we only hold such data where we need to for the purposes of the product or services we provide to you or it is in our normal course of business to do so; for example, insurance products.
We will use your information:
We may also use your information for system testing purposes.
Where a third party has introduced your custom to the Group we may pass back to the introducer necessary information to enable administration of any payment or settlement.
In the provision to you of products and services involving insurance we are required to pass your details to insurers. Information you provide in connection with any claims made under the insurance may be recorded on to a register of claims through which insurers share information to prevent fraudulent claims. A list of participants and the register operator is available from the insurers.
We use a process known as Credit Scoring and may use other automated decision making processes to assist in the assessment of applications and to make other decisions during your relationship with us. We will tell you the reason for any decision that we make, if you request us to do so. You have the right to ask us to review such decisions manually.
We will treat all your information as confidential and will not give your information to anyone except where:
If false or inaccurate information is provided and fraud is identified, details will be passed to fraud prevention agencies. Law enforcement agencies may access and use this information. We and other organisations may also access and use this information to prevent fraud and money laundering, for example, when:
We and other organisations may access and use from other countries the information recorded by fraud prevention agencies.
In order to assess any applications that you may make for credit products or any request for an increase to any existing credit product that we may already provide to you, your suitability for, or to provide you with, credit products and services, we will search the records of one or more licensed credit reference agencies to obtain information on you.
These agencies may add details of our search and your application to the records they hold on you, whether or not your application proceeds. We may also add details of how your agreements or accounts operate with us to these records including any default or failure to keep to the terms of your agreement and any failure to advise us of a change of address where a payment is overdue.
Credit searches and other information provided to the credit reference agencies and fraud prevention agencies about you, and those with whom you are linked financially, may be used and disclosed by such agencies to other companies unrelated to us for the purposes mentioned above. Credit reference agencies will also use the information for statistical analysis about credit, insurance and fraud.
For the purposes of this application you may be treated as financially linked and your application will be assessed with reference to any "associated" records. An "association" between joint applicants and/or any individual identified as your financial partner will be created at credit reference agencies, which will link your financial records. You and anyone else with whom you have a financial link understand that each other's information will be taken into account in all future applications by either or both of you. This linking will continue until one of you successfully files a 'disassociation' at the credit reference agencies. Information held about you by the credit reference agencies may already be linked to records relating to one or more of your partners.
If you would like details of the agencies from which we obtain and record information about you, please write to: Central Refer Unit, 20 Merrion Way, Leeds, LS2 8NZ.
We may contact you by post, phone, fax, e-mail, SMS text or other reasonable means to inform you about products and services supplied by ourselves and/or selected third parties that we consider may be of interest to you. We will not pass your information to anyone outside our Group for their own marketing purposes. You can inform us at any time if you do not want to receive marketing information by any one or all of these means.
We respect the privacy of personal email accounts and we store your email addresses just as securely as other personal information. Your details will not be passed to any organisation outside the Group for marketing purposes without your explicit permission.
We may use email in response to enquiries you make about our services or service issues.
We will NEVER contact customers via email asking to supply any confidential information, telephone or internet banking login details.
From time to time we will engage service providers, agents and subcontractors to provide services. They will have access to, and will process, your information on our behalf to provide such services.
We are a Global Group. We may need to transfer your information abroad to other Group companies, service providers, agents and subcontractors in countries where they may not have data protection laws providing the same level of protection as those in the European Economic Area, such as Australia, New Zealand and the USA. In each of the above circumstances, we will ensure that your information is processed only in accordance with the applicable legislation and under strict obligations of confidentiality.
Our general email enquiry forms are not sent via an encrypted channel and for this reason we ask that you do not include confidential information when using them (such as bank account details).
We will use all reasonable endeavours to protect user information off-line. However, any personal details or other information entered onto or submitted through the site or by email to us is entered or transmitted at the user's risk and we shall not be liable for any such information being intercepted or accessed by any third party without our knowledge.
We may work with third parties to research certain usage and activities on our website on our behalf. No personal information about you is shared except to the extent it is required to be used by a third party or parties for providing such research, and in the course of conducting this research we, and/or these third parties may place a unique "cookie" on your browser.
A cookie is a small file which is sent to your browser and stored on your computer's hard disc and helps us understand and track your use of the site and where it can improve the information and services provided. We use cookies solely to gather information on IP addresses, to analyse trends, administer the site, track users' movements on the site and gather broad demographic information for aggregate use. IP addresses are not linked to other personally identifiable information and will not be used to deliver targeted marketing messages. For information about blocking the use of cookies, please refer to the instructions/help screen on your Internet browser. Please note that you may not be able to use or access certain parts of the site or online services if you block the use of cookies.
As a result of improvements we make to our services, amendments to laws or regulation or developments in the technology or processes we use, we may change the information we hold about you and/or the way in which or the purposes for which we process such information. Where we require your consent to such change we will notify you of the change. However, unless you inform us otherwise, we will deem your continued receipt of products and services to which the change relates to constitute your consent to the relevant change.
Any changes we may make to our privacy policy in the future will be posted on this page and, where appropriate, notified to you.
Please help us - We wish our service to meet your expectations on all occasions. To do so we need the information we hold about you to be accurate and up to date. Please help us by informing us promptly of any changes to your personal circumstances.
If you would like any further information on the Data Protection Act and your rights under it, you can also contact The Information Commissioner's Office, Wycliffe House, Water Lane, Wilmslow, Cheshire SK9 5AF or visit www.ico.gov.uk .
This Privacy Policy supplements, but does not supersede, the terms of (i) the Rules of Use of this website and (ii) any data protection notice that has previously been provided to you by a member of the Group.
Important product information is also provided for most products, which you can read by following these links:
Personal Banking products
New business enquiries
9am – 5pm, Monday to Friday
Online enquiryFor the Merchant Helpdesk
24 hours a day, 365 days a year
If you have a complaint about the service please call 0330 134 8330 (24/7, 365 days a year).
Call costs apply and may vary depending upon your provider.
All merchant services products listed are provided by Worldpay (UK) Ltd. Registered in England No.07316500. Registered Office: The Walbrook Building, 25 Walbrook, London EC4N 8AF, United Kingdom. Worldpay (UK) Limited is authorised by the Financial Conduct Authority under the Payment Services Regulations 2009 (No 530923) for the provision of payment services. Registered with the Office of the Information Commissioner, registration Z2431349.


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I would like to scale an included graphics keeping its aspect ratio. Using
\includegraphics[width=<my width>,height=<my height>,keepaspectratio]{file.jpg}
scaling naturally takes place, but the package calculates which scaling factor is the lower one, the factor to achieve the given width or the factor to achieve the given height (while observing the aspect ratio). That makes sense if you have a given dimension to fill and would like to make sure that the image is fully shown.
However, I would like to scale using the larger of the two scaling factors. In effect, this would fully fill the given dimensions and produce an overlap either in width or height.
In a next step, I then would like to use the adjustbox
to clip the viewport to my desired dimensions, ideally centered on the image. But that's potentially stuff for a separate question.
Edit with solution
Martin essentially answered the question, so the credit is his.
Here, I'd only like to share the actual code I used based on Martin's suggestion. My target width and height are called \mywidth
and \myheight
min size={\mywidth}{\myheight},%
Clip*={0.5\width - 0.5\mywidth} {0.5\totalheight - 0.5\myheight}%
{0.5\width + 0.5\mywidth} {0.5\totalheight + 0.5\myheight}%
\includegraphics[max size={\mywidth}{\myheight}]{file.jpg}%
To get the adjustbox
options working with includegraphics
I used the export
option of the package.

subset: commoncrawl


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Programmed Cell Death
Programmed cell death is a fundamental component of development and homeostasis in virtually all organisms. Defects in the regulation of cell death serves as the basis of many human diseases, including auto-immunity, neurodegeneration and most cancers.
To define the molecular mechanisms that mediate this process, we have exploited the intersegmental muscles (ISM) of moth as a model system. These giant cells are used to propel the moth out of the pupal cuticle at the end of metamorphosis, and then they die during a 36 hour period in response to a specific hormonal trigger. The ability of the ISMs to commit suicide requires de novo gene expression, and we have use a variety of molecular techniques to clone death-associated transcripts from these cells. As part of our on-going analysis of these novel genes, we have also cloned their mammalian homologs to determine their roles in myogenesis and disease.
Following declines in available trophic support, myoblasts make one of several key decisions. Some cells activate both survival and differentiation programs and fuse to form multinucleated myotubes. Others activate survival programs and arrest as mitotically-competent mononucleated satellite cells. The remainders die by apoptosis. The genes we initially isolated from the ISMs appear to play key roles in this decision making process. For example, Acheron acts early in myogenesis to determine if myoblasts should remain as lineage-restricted stem cells or instead differentiate or die. Thus, not only does this work enhance our understanding of myogenesis as a developmental process, but it may also provide powerful tools for regulating the survival of myoblasts that are used for regenerative medicine and gene therapy.
Schwartz, L.M. and Truman, J.W. 1982. Peptide and Steroid Regulation of Muscle Degeneration in an Insect. Science, 215: 1420-1421.
Schwartz, L.M. and Truman, J.W. 1984. Cyclic GMP May Serve as a Second Messenger in Peptide-Induced Muscle Degeneration in an Insect. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81: 6718-6722.
Schwartz, L.M. and Stühmer, W. 1984. Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels in an Invertebrate Striated Muscle. Science, 225: 523-525.
Schwartz, L.M., McClesky, E.W. and Almers, W. 1985. Dihydropyridine Receptors in Muscle are Voltage-Dependent, But Most Are Not Functional Calcium Channels. Nature, 314: 747-751.
Schwartz, L.M., Kosz, L., and Kay, B.K. 1990. Gene Activation is Required for Developmentally Programmed Cell Death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87: 6594-6598.
Schwartz, L.M., Myer, A., Kosz, L., Engelstein, M., and Maier, C. 1990. Activation of Polyubiquitin Gene Expression during Developmentally Programmed Cell Death. Neuron, 5: 411-419.
Schwartz, L.M., Smith, S., Jones, M.E.E., and Osborne B.A. 1993. Do All Programmed Cell Deaths Occur Via Apoptosis? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90: 980-984.
Liu, Z-G., Smith, S., McLaughlin, K.A., Schwartz, L.M. and Osborne B.A. 1994. Apoptotic Signals Delivered Through the T Cell Receptor Require the Immediate Early Gene Nur77. Nature, 367: 281-284.
Milligan, C.E., Prevette, D., Yaginuma, H., Homma, S., Cardwell, C., Fritz, L.C., Tomeselli, K.J., Oppenheim, R.W. and Schwartz, L.M. 1995. Peptide inhibitors of the ICE protease family arrest programmed cell death of motoneurons in vitro and in vivo. Neuron, 15: 385-393.
Schwartz, L.M. and Osborne, B.A. 1995. Editors Methods in Cell Biology Series, CELL DEATH. Academic Press, pp459.
Zhou, L., Schnitzler, A., Agapite, J., Schwartz, L.M., Steller, H., and Nambu, J.R. 1997. Cooperative functions of the reaper and head involution defective genes in the programmed cell death of Drosophila CNS midline cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94: 5131-5136.
Hu, Y., Cascone, P., Cheng, L., Sun, D., Nambu, J.R., and Schwartz, L.M. 1999. Lepidopteran DALP, And Its Mammalian Ortholog Hic-5, Function as Negative Regulators of Muscle Differentiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96: 10218-10223.
Schwartz, L.M. and Ashwell, J. 2001. Editors Methods in Cell Biology Series, Apoptosis. Academic Press, volume 66, pp533.
Wing, J.P., Karres, J., Ogdahl, J.A., Zhou, L., Schwartz, L.M. and Nambu, J.R. 2002. Drosophila sickle is a novel grim-reaper cell death activator. Current Biology, 12: 131–135.
Schwartz, L.M., Nambu, J.N. and Wang, Z. 2002. Parkinsonism, Proteolysis, Proteasomes. Cell Death and Differentiation, 9: 479-482.
Schwartz, L.M. and Ruff, R.L. 2002. Changes in the contractile properties of skeletal muscle during developmentally programmed atrophy and death. American Journal of Physiology, 282: C1270-7.
Wing J.P., Schreader, B.A., Wang, Y., Andrews, P.A., Husseinovic, N., Dong, C.K. Ogdahl, J., Schwartz, L.M., White, K., Nambu, J.R. 2002. Drosophila Morgue is a novel F box/ubiquitin conjugase domain protein important in grim-reaper mediated programmed cell death. Nature Cell Biology, 4: 451-456.
Valavanis, C., Wang, Z., Sun, D. Vaine, M., and Schwartz, L.M. 2007. Acheron, a novel member of the Lupus Antigen family, is induced during the programmed cell death of skeletal muscles in the moth Manduca Sexta. Gene, 393: 101–109.
Bouchentouf, M., Benabdallah, B.F., Rousseau, J., Schwartz, L.M. and Tremblay, J.P. 2007. Induction of Anoikis following myoblast transplantation into SCID mouse muscles requires the Bit1 and FADD pathways. American Journal of Transplantation, 7: 1491–1505.
Gao, Z., Deblis, R., Glenn, H., and Schwartz, L.M. 2007. Differential Role Of Hic-5 Isoforms On The Regulation Of Cell Death And Myotube Formation During Myogenesis. Experimental Cell Research, 313: 4000-14.
Schwartz, L.M. 2008. Atrophy and programmed cell death of skeletal muscle. Cell Death and Differentiation. 15:1163-9.
Weng, H., Kim, C., Valavanis, C., Wang, Z., and Schwartz, L.M. 2009. Acheron, a Novel La Antigen Family Member, Binds To CASK And Forms A Complex With Id Transcription Factors. Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters, 14:273-287.
Myer, A., Mason, H.A., Smith, W., Brown, C. and Schwartz, L.M. 2009. Differential Control Of Cell Death And Gene Expression During Two Distinct Phases Of Hormonally-Regulated Muscle Death In The Tobacco Hawkmoth Manduca Sexta. Journal of Insect Physiology, 55: 314-320.
Yu, J-G., Sewright, K., Hubal, M.J., Liu, J-X., Schwartz, L.M., Hoffman, E.P., and Clarkson, P.M. 2009. An Investigation Of Gene Expression In C2C12 Myotubes Following Simvastatin Application And Mechanical Strain. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 16: 21-29.
Schwartz, L.M., Gao, Z., Brown, C., Parelkar S.S. and Glenn, H. 2009. Cell death in myoblasts and muscles. Methods Mol. Biol., 559: 313-332.
Wang. Z., Valavanis, C., Glenn, H., Sun, D., Seth, A., Karlstrom, K., Schwartz, L.M. 2009. Acheron Is A Phylogenetically-Conserved Regulation. Mechanisms of Development, 126: 700-709.
Hyldahl, R.D., O'Fallon, K.S., Schwartz, L.M., and Clarkson, P.M. 2010. Knockdown of metallothionein 1 and 2 does not affect atrophy or oxidant activity in cultured myotubes. Journal of Applied Physiology, 109: 1515-23.
Glenn, H., Wang, Z., and Schwartz, L.M. 2010. Acheron, A Lupus Antigen Family Member, Regulates Integrin Expression, Adhesion, And Motility In Differentiating Myoblasts. American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology, 298: C46-55.
Shao, R., Scully, Jr., S.J., Yan, W., Bentley, B., Mueller, J., Brown, C., Bigelow, C., and Schwartz, L.M. 2011. The Novel Lupus Antigen Protein Acheron Enhances The Development Growth Of Human Breast Cancer. International Journal of Cancer, oi: 10.1002/ijc.26015. [Epub ahead of print] .
Chul, K., Srivastava, S. Rice, M., Godenschwege, T.A., Bentley, B., Ravi, S., Shao, S., Woodard, C.T., and Schwartz, L.M. 2011. Expression Of Human Amyloid Precursor Protein In The Skeletal Muscles Of Drosophila Results In Age- And Activity-Dependent Muscle Weakness. BMC Physiology, April 25. doi: 10.1186/1472-6793-11-7.
Parelkar S.S., Cadena, J.G., Kim, C., Wang, Z., Sugal, R., Bentley, B., Moral, L., Ardley, H.C., and Schwartz, L.M. 201x. The Parkin-Like Human Homolog Of Drosophila Ariadne-1 (Hhari) Can Induce Aggresome Formation In Mammalian Cells And Is Immunologically Detectable In Lewy Bodies. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, [Epub ahead of print] .
Fahrbach, S.E., Nambu, J.R. and Schwartz, L.M. 2012. Programmed cell death in insect neuromuscular systems during metamorphosis. In: Insect Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, L.I. Gilbert editor, pp 419-449. .


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The American airports of tomorrow are being built today as ongoing projects take shape to handle an increasing number of fliers. Around the country, projects are being considered, underway or nearing completion as travelers from around the world make their way to the United States.
As reported by Aviation Pros, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey's nearly $350 million comprehensive modernization project at Newark Liberty International Airport Terminal B is nearing completion with the final phase slated to start in May.
"When people from across the globe arrive at Newark, they should find an airport welcome second to none," says Deputy Executive Director Bill Baroni. "The Port Authority is fulfilling our commitment to making Newark Liberty Airport one of the world's best."
Improvements to the international arrivals area include consolidating lost baggage offices, relocating the ground transportation desk to a more convenient location and improving travelers' aid and concession spaces. Additionally, there will be upgrades to the public address, signage, escalator, alarm and fire protection as well as the heating and air-conditioning systems.
Work is also underway on a $1.2 billion enhancement and expansion of Delta's facilities at New York's John F. Kennedy Airport reports Travel Daily news. That expansion brings a new Delta Sky Club in Terminal C, due to open this summer, and the Delta Sky Club in Terminal D will undergo an expansion.Delta will also increase service at LaGuardia by 60 percent, adding 4 million seats into New York, with 100 new flights and 26 more new destinations coming on line by summer 2012. As reported by Forbes, when its full schedule is implemented by this summer, Delta will run more than 260 daily flights to over 60 cities, more than any other carrier.
"All together, with our expansion projects at JFK and LaGuardia, Delta is investing nearly $1.4 billion in our New York airport facilities," said Delta Chief Executive Officer Richard Anderson. "No other airline is approaching that level of commitment to New York in the next 12 months."
It's big money and not just on the East Coast. Los Angeles International Airport marked a milestone in its modernization program late last month, dedicating the renovation of Terminal 6, a new home for Alaska Airlines. The $238-million project includes a variety of improvements to bag checking, ticketing, security screening, waiting areas at gates and more.
These new facilities might not be waiting for long to handle increased traffic and pay back those investments.
In Texas, two studies were done to evaluate the economic impact on the city from Southwest's international flights. They found the potential for an additional 1.5 million passengers to, from and through Houston per year. The increase would create more than 10,000 jobs and an annual economic impact of more than $1.6 billion.
Think US airports have high ambitions? Dubai International is already the world's fourth busiest airport in terms of passenger traffic, but wants more too.
[Flickr photo via mastermaq]


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Fishnet Knitted Leopard Design Thigh Highs Black O/s
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The late Dr. Wilhelm Reich – an Austrian psychoanalyst, inventor, pioneer, and the author of several influential books and essays – discovered orgone energy and coined the term "orgone" in 1939. He is best-known for his controversial book The Function of the Orgasm. Wilhelm Reich's discoveries so confounded the powers that be that they illegally jailed him. His books were burned to prevent his knowledge and its potential applications from reaching the public.
But good things always resurface. Although people or agencies may stand in the way, good cannot be stopped. its rainmaking time is committed to bringing our listeners useful tools and solutions to enable them to accomplish the things that are most important to them.
Years ago, its rainmaking time interviewed Trevor James Constable and learned how he used orgone energy to create rain, disperse clouds, and eliminate smog. As 2013 comes to an end, we've invited husband-and-wife team Carol and Don Croft to the show. They are the founders of the Etheric Warriors forum and World Without Parasites.
Carol (a gifted psychic) and Don Croft are working to relieve the physical misery caused by massive technological growth and abuse. Carol and her husband Don make beautiful orgone energy products (aka orgonite) for all occasions and environments. Their mission is to use orgone energy to transmute toxic land and sea environments into thriving ecosystems where all living things can enjoy good health and prosperity.
In this segment, Carol and Don Croft discuss their book The Life Etheric and explain why dolphins and whales follow them when they travel near water. We also talk about aerosol spraying, microwave towers, and advanced technologies on land and under the sea. These challenging subjects demand deep exploration to understand how to improve conditions for all life on Earth. Whether or not you agree with the science and paradigm of orgone energy, this segment is worth a listen.
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Bluegrass Musician Billy Joe Foster Dead at Age 51
During an over 20-year career, Billy Joe Foster worked with the biggest names in bluegrass. He shared the stage with Ricky Skaggs and Kentucky Thunder and Bill Monroe and Country Gazette, and was a regular on the stage of the Grand Ole Opry. After a battle with multiple sclerosis, Foster has died. He was just 51 years old.
BluegrassToday.com reported the news of Foster's death on Wednesday (Jan. 23). Early indications are that he was battling pneumonia before his passing. Fans have begun to express their sorrow at the multi-instrumentalist's page on Facebook.
"We're gonna miss you Billy Joe, the world just lost a great individual," one supporter writes.
According to his official website, Foster played in all 50 states and 15 countries including shows for princes, kings, and presidents. In 1991, he played a private concert at the G8 Summit. He played fiddle for Monroe, bass with Country Gazette and many instruments with Skaggs.
The Duncan, Okla. native was active up until the end, having played as recently as October 2012 at the Chisholm Trail Opry. Services are scheduled for Saturday (Jan. 26) in Duncan, Okla.


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Red Mango is expanding to Mexico. Today, the Dallas-based chain and one of America's fastest-growing yogurt and smoothie brands announced its first international franchise agreement in an exclusive deal with Cinemex, the leading national chain with 184 movie theaters operating across Mexico.
Cinemex will own and operate the Red Mango franchise with a goal of making Red Mango the leading frozen yogurt brand in Mexico.
Details of the announcement include introducing Red Mango kiosks immediately into movie theaters while also developing an undisclosed number of freestanding stores.
"This is a major milestone, and I am especially pleased that we are expanding Red Mango internationally from the U.S. with one of the world's great companies," says Barry M. Barron Sr., chief executive officer of Red Mango.
"Cinemex brings resources that make them an experienced partner for rapid and high-quality development in Mexico. It is a perfect way to launch our efforts to expand the brand internationally."
Recognizing the rapidly growing market for healthy frozen yogurt in Mexico, Cinemex Commercial Director Jaime Rionda researched Red Mango and the chain's popular rise through the U.S., and was attracted to the brand, the concept design, and the taste of its all-natural, nonfat frozen yogurt and fresh fruit smoothies.
"In all our endeavors we strive to be the leader and to provide the best offering in the market," Rionda says. "We are achieving that with our coffee concept, Cafe Central, and we intend to achieve that in the frozen yogurt and smoothie category with Red Mango."
Cinemex is building the leading entertainment and food concept company in Mexico.
The first Red Mango locations are expected to open in Mexico City beginning 2012.


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I ran my first 100km when I was 16 just one year after I started running
Yep, I went from 0 to 100 in one year at age 16. It's my dad's fault. His name is Ashley. It was his second 100k. He'd been running marathons, and once realized he wouldn't get faster, he decided to go longer. The race was the Surf Coast century.
I've run six 100ks since.
And more 50ks than I can even remember. I do them in training – I'll just head out for an afternoon 50. I did three weekends in a row of just 50k runs.
I didn't love running at the start.
I thought it was hard! Then there I was running a 50k, back to back to back every weekend. It's amazing what you can do.
But now I've been running for six years non-stop.
I started running, and I just did so many easy kilometers with my dad. I built this base very naturally, not forced. Now that I have the base I can do the harder training sessions. I have six years of non-stop running. That's a big base no matter how old you are.
What I love most is the places I go and the people I meet.
If you didn't have the people in this sport that were so raw and so organic, it would be a completely different sport. The places you go is really exciting but the people you meet keep you competing.
I want to do the Hard Rock 100
Just because it's so hard to get into. Transvulcania. And some of that are totally off the grid – ones I don't even know about, in really cool locations.
I always have a plan, and I never follow it.
I'm pretty reactive and pretty in tune with my body. I'm totally OK with missing a training session or going day by day. I always have a plan but I very rarely follow it. My racing style is not aggressive – I would say I'm someone who eases into it. I start slow and finish strong.
My toughest race? World Sky Running Champs 2016
It was a marathon in Catalonia. I had never seen terrain quite like it. A lot of scree and skiing down scree slopes. I really struggled with it. But I finished the race.
I'm so glad I'm 21...
So I was able to run my last big event: The Marathon du Mont Blanc, 80km of trail in Chamonix. It was the first time I could run the race – because I'm finally 21 years old. But the big goal of the year is the TDS as part of the UTMB weekend.
…but I was a little terrified to start my last race!
I'm a big fish in a small pond in Australia. Now it feels like I'm stepping up to the big leagues. It's very leveling and I'm a small fish in a big pond – the talent and level is amazing. And more importantly, we just don't have terrain like this in Australia. I was a bit terrified for my last race! I didn't have enough time to run every section – only the first climb and last climb, and a few sections in between.
It was 80km.. then 85km… then 92km
The race is called the Marathon du Mont Blanc 80km. They told us the actual course was 85km. Then they modified it to get us more water – but that came with an extra 500m climb and seven more kilometers.
I had a great start, a tough middle section, and strong finish
I felt pretty tired coming into Chamonix, and almost didn't start the race. The first three hours were great, the next four were terrible, then I hit the halfway point and started counting down the K's and picking off ladies as I moved up field. I finished in 13h23m, twenty minutes behind 1st place, in a tight battle for 2nd place – I was only a minute ahead of 3rd!
It's an honor to be a young gun
I know a lot of people are watching me and saying 'maybe it's safe to start that early.' It's really exciting to inspire other young runners.
Images by Damien Rosso / Droz Photo


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This volume was published late in 1829. The number of copies printed is not known, though an estimate of 500 or fewer copies is reasonable. According to Poe's letter to John Allan (Poe to John Allan, November 18, 1829), Poe was been promised 250 copies of the book to sell for his own profit, though it is quite likely that Poe, typical for all his dealings with Allan, may be exaggerating here. Fewer than 30 copies are known to exist today. A facsimile of this book has been printed.
Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Other Poems (1829)
There are at least two known presentation copies: (1) Poe to John Neal (with manuscript changes in "Tamerlane," and "To — — ['I saw thee on thy bridal day']"; (2) Poe to Elizabeth Herring, "For my cousin Elizabeth. E. A. Poe." Poe borrowed back the second of these presentation copies to use in preparing The Raven and Other Poems (1845), strongly suggesting that Poe himself had not retained a copy. Poe also appears to have altered the date on the title page of this copy from 1829 to 1820, presumably for his 1845 reading at the Boston Lyceum. The details of this reading are somewhat complicated. Essentially, Poe had been requested to recite a poem at the Boston Lyceum on October 16, 1845. Although he was paid $50 to present a new poem, he was apparently unable to compose one of appropriate merit in the allotted time. Instead, he recited "Al Aaraaf," renamed as "The Messenger Star of Tycho Brahe." The response, as Poe probably expected, was mixed. Afterward, he claimed that the whole thing was a hoax to test the cultural integrity of the "Frogpondians." He further claimed that the poem read had been written when he was only 10 years old. The title page was perhaps altered as substantiation. There is also a secondary presentation copy, from Poe's sister Rosalie to someone whose name can no longer be read: "Presented to E. [name erased,] by her Friend Rose M. Poe." The identity of the recipient is not known, although it is likely E. Shannon. It is not known where Rosalie obtained a copy, though it is certainly reasonable that Edgar gave it to her.
8vo. (8 in x 5 in). Pages [1]-71. Bindings: Yellow cloth; Paper boards in blue-green, lavender, and tan sprinkled with red. Paper is watermarked "AMIES PHILADA."
This census is believed to record all known surviving copies of Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems . The provenance of each entry is established as authoritatively as possible, given the sketchy and often convoluted bits of information available. In nearly all case, the chain of owners has gaps, especially among the early owners, whose names are generally known only if the owner left an inscription.
In additon to the entries listed above, there are early sales reports of several copies that are presumably accounted for above but not clearly associated with the chain of provenance for any of these copies.
In a letter of July 12, 1911, Jessica Louise Farnum (1875-1937), the Secetary of the Library of Congress (1908-1937), noted to J. H. Whitty that the library had no copy of the 1829 book. (The letter is in the J. H. Whitty Papers at the Duke University.) The catalog for the Library of Congress does list a photocpy of the copy at the Poe Museum in Richmond.
[S:0 - JAS] - Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore - Works - Editions - Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems (1829)


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Over the past 10,000 years, climate changes in the Dead Sea region have led to surprisingly swift desertification within mere decades. This is what researchers from the University of Bonn and their Israeli colleagues found when analyzing pollen in sediments and fluctuations in sea levels, calling the findings 'dramatic.'
The results are presented in the current issue of the international geosciences journal Quaternary Science Reviews, whose print version is published Aug. 23, 2012.
The Dead Sea, a salt sea without an outlet, lies over 400 meters below sea level. Tourists like its high salt content because it increases their buoyancy. "For scientists, however, the Dead Sea is a popular archive that provides a diachronic view of its climate past," says Prof. Dr. Thomas Litt from the Steinmann-Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Paleontology at the University of Bonn.
Using drilling cores from riparian lake sediments, paleontologists and meteorologists from the University of Bonn deduced the climate conditions of the past 10,000 years. This became possible because the Dead Sea level has sunk drastically over the past years, mostly because of increasing water withdrawals lowering the water supply.
Oldest pollen analysis
In collaboration with the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (German Research Centre for Geosciences) and Israel's Geological Service, the researchers took a 21 m long sediment sample in the oasis Ein Gedi at the west bank of the Dead Sea. They then matched the fossil pollen to indicator plants for different levels of precipitation and temperature. Radiocarbon-dating was used to determine the age of the layers. "This allowed us to reconstruct the climate of the entire postglacial era," Prof. Litt reports. "This is the oldest pollen analysis that has been done on the Dead Sea to date."
In total, there were three different formations of vegetation around this salt sea. In moist phases, a lush, sclerophyll vegetation thrived as can be found today around the Mediterranean Sea. When the climate turned drier, steppe vegetation took over. Drier episodes yet were characterized by desert plants. The researchers found some rapid changes between moist and dry phases.
Transforming pollen data into climate information
The pollen data allows inferring what kinds of plants were growing at the corresponding times. Meteorologists from the University of Bonn took this paleontological data and converted it into climate information. Using statistical methods, they matched plant species with statistical parameters regarding temperature and precipitation that determine whether a certain plant can occur. "This allows us to make statements on the probable climate that prevailed during a certain period of time within the catchment area of the Dead Sea," reports Prof. Dr. Andreas Hense from the University of Bonn's Meteorological Institute.
The resilience of the resulting climate information was tested using the data on Dead Sea level fluctuations collected by their Israeli colleagues around Prof. Dr. Mordechai Stein from the Geological Services in Jerusalem. "The two independent data records corresponded very closely," explains Prof. Litt. "In the moist phases that were determined based on pollen analysis, our Israeli colleagues found that water levels were indeed rising in the Dead Sea, while they fell during dry episodes." This is plausible since the water level of a terminal lake without an outlet is exclusively determined by precipitation and evaporation.
Droughts led to the biblical exodus
According to the Bonn researchers' data, there were distinct dry phases particularly during the pottery Neolithic (about 7,500 to 6,500 years ago), as well as at the transition from the late Bronze Age to the early Iron Age (about 3,200 years ago). "Humans were also strongly affected by these climate changes," Prof. Litt summarizes the effects. The dry phases might have resulted in the Canaanites' urban culture collapsing while nomads invaded their area. "At least, this is what the Old Testament refers to as the exodus of the Israelites to the Promised Land."
Dramatic results
In addition, this look back allows developing scenarios for potential future trends. "Our results are dramatic; they indicate how vulnerable the Dead Sea ecosystems are," says Prof. Litt. "They clearly show how surprisingly fast lush Mediterranean sclerophyll vegetation can morph into steppe or even desert vegetation within a few decades if it becomes drier." Back then, the consequences in terms of agriculture and feeding the population were most likely devastating. The researchers want to probe even further back into the climate past of the region around the Dead Sea by drilling even deeper.
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It is usually assumed that in emergency only national governments and international agencies can mobilize the resources needed to deal with the situation.
Various countries set up systems for protecting the civilian population in the event of disaster that are based on central state authorities and make use of the latest equipment and technology. It is also certain, however, that the local communities have an active part to play before and after disasters:
· because a good state of preparedness before a disaster strikes may reduce its impact,
· because the greatest number of lives can be saved during the first few hours after a disaster has occurred, before help arrives from elsewhere,
· because the numerous problems of survival and health resulting from a disaster are dealt with more efficiently if the community is active and well organized.
The purpose of this Guide is to help local communities and their health personnel cope with the consequences of disasters, particularly natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, hurricanes, gales, tidal waves and droughts. It is intended for relatively small communities with scanty resources, in which there is a health centre or local hospital and where the local health personnel consists of a small team, including at least a physician or trained nurse.
Since it focuses on local action, the Guide might give the impression that a community can be self-sufficient in the event of a disaster. On the contrary, it must not be forgotten that a large number of problems can be solved only through outside assistance at various levels:
· the intermediate level: the nearest and best-equipped urban centres,
· the national level: the government and national bodies, including non-governmental organizations,
· the international level: international organizations and other countries.
However, an active and well-organized community will help to improve the quality of outside assistance and reduce the shortcomings often recorded, such as lack of information, poor evaluation of requirements and inappropriate forms of aid.
Two groups are envisaged that will take action in the event of a disaster:
· the local health personnel,
· the community: local authorities and persons or groups who concern themselves in the localities with rescue work, communications, transport, shelter and food supply.
The communities and local health personnel for the most part improvise their organization for meeting the emergency situation following a disaster.
The aim of this Guide is to encourage them to prepare beforehand, particularly in high-risk areas, for setting up the communitys organization for dealing with disasters.
This is not just one more burden for already overburdened people and teams. Emergencies bring to light in an acute and extreme way things that in the day-to-day life of the community and in the functioning of the health services may long remain inapparent: lack of coordination, gaps in communication and information, unsatisfactory relationships between services and the population, inflexibility of the health services, a failure on their part to adjust to requirements, their poor territorial distribution and excessive concentration on hospital facilities, and many other shortcomings. On the credit side emergencies also reveal valuable professional and human capacities and qualities which in the normal course of events are not clearly apparent and are not put to use. In short, because they make it absolutely essential to find quick and effective solutions for dramatic problems, disasters at the same time throw into relief the deficiencies and potentialities of the services. Ensuring disaster-preparedness largely consists in improving the quality and effectiveness of existing community services: the prospect of possibly having to face up to an emergency serves rather to bring to general attention many essential and priority questions that concern the communitys health and life even under normal conditions.
The local population stricken by a disaster should be considered as taking action for itself, not as having action taken for it. This presupposes a fundamental change compared with the usual notion that the responsibility of caring for a disaster-stricken community should be entirely taken over by outside assistance and the State authorities. This notion is based on preconceived ideas: people panic and flee without regard for others, some of them will be bewildered or act impulsively, others will remain numb or stupefied; local organizations will be disorganized and unable to act effectively; there will be antisocial behaviour and looting. However, experience of disasters shows that the ways in which people really behave differ greatly from these stereotyped ideas. Cases of panic are generally localized and short-lived. The majority of people prefer to stay in the threatened area and generally take steps to protect their families and themselves. Indecision is usually due rather to the poor circulation of information than to panic. Those stricken by the disaster usually react in a positive way and busy themselves quickly and spontaneously, together with their families, friends and groups, in rescue operations. Looting and certain types of antisocial behaviour (exorbitant prices, for example) have been exaggerated (or are perpetrated by people from outside the community). Conflicts and class differences may die down and a sense of community solidarity not ordinarily present may develop. Local communities, if they are not discouraged and made passive, react quickly and effectively, particularly if they are supported (but not overrun or supplanted) by assistance from outside.
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Vitamin D deficiency and autoimmune disorders
A study has linked vitamin D deficiency with an increased risk for cancer and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis MS, and lupus. Researchers found, through mapping vitamin D receptors binding throughout the human genome, that vitamin D deficiency is a major environmental factor in increasing the risk of developing these disorders.1 billion people don't get enough vitamin D
It's been estimated that 70 percent of children and adults in the U.S. are vitamin D deficient. The cause of deficiency is a combination of not getting enough exposure to the sun and not having enough vitamin D in their diets. Medications can affect vitamin D absorption
Hydroxychloroquine, or Plaquenil, and corticosteroids, which both can be prescribed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, are among these. Even if you are taking one of these drugs, your doctor can adjust your vitamin D dose to correct the malabsorption.A blood test can determine your vitamin D level
You can ask your doctor to give you a simple blood test called, 25-hydroxy vitamin D test. It can tell you how deficient you might be in vitamin D. You can add vitamin D by changing your diet
To increase your level of vitamin D through food, you should include more oily fish, such as salmon, mackerel and tuna. Egg yolks and mushrooms also provide vitamin D, You could also choose a cereal and milk fortified with vitamin D.15 minutes of sun exposure can make a difference
Just 15 minutes of exposure to the sun gives you 20,000 IUs of vitamin D. However, this is without sunblock in the summer, and be aware that you need to be careful not to expose your skin to the sun without sunblock for long stretches of time. This can cause skin damage and increase your risk of skin cancer.Vitamin D can lift moods and strengthen bones
Not only does vitamin D play a crucial role in the absorption of calcium, but it can stave off osteoporosis, which can be a risk for people with RA. It also protects those susceptible to seasonal affective disorder from becoming depressed.Vitamin D and chronic pain
A lack of vitamin D may play a role in chronic pain caused by a variety of conditions. Research has indicated vitamin D deficiency may be implicated in musculoskeletal conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, neuropathy, migraine, and inflammation. Vitamin D can help you manage chronic pain
It's common for people who live with chronic pain to have a vitamin D deficiency. Many doctors routinely check their patients for their levels of vitamin D and often recommend vitamin D supplements as part of a treatment plan. Getting more vitamin D may help you to gradually get partial pain relief and improved mood.How Vitamin D is Absorbed
Unlike some vitamins that begin working in the body immediately after being consumed, vitamin D must be processed by the liver and kidneys into a form (calcitriol) that can attach to vitamin D receptors in most of the body's cells. Your body stores one form of previtamin D, called dehydrocholesterol, in the skin. When your skin absorbs sunlight, it is transformed into previtamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Vitamin D and heart disease
Studies have linked low vitamin D levels with heart disease and heart attacks. The systemic inflammation of RA affects internal organs and increases the risk of heart attack and stroke. Managing this risk includes seeing a preventative cardiologist, eating a balanced diet and maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking. It may also include getting enough vitamin D.Access to vitamin D blood test
Getting your vitamin D levels tested may be a challenge. In the last 10 years, demand for the blood test has jumped 4000 percent. Some insurance plans don't cover it and Medicare has restricted rebates for vitamin D testing to high-risk individuals, such as those with osteoporosis, deeply pigmented skin or chronic lack of exposure to the sun.How much vitamin D do you need?
The Institute of Health has set the recommended dietary allowance to be 600 units a day. If you have a vitamin D deficiency, you may need more than that. Some people may benefit from adding 1-2,000 IU of vitamin D per day. Some people who have been diagnosed with a severe deficiency or have certain medical conditions may take up to 5-10,000 IU per day.
Can you get too much vitamin D?
Too much vitamin D can cause toxicity, which can lead to abnormal heart rhythms, kidney stones, muscle weakness, and confusion. You would have to take very high levels of vitamin D over an extended period for it to get toxic. It's important to talk to your doctor before taking high doses of vitamin D.


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By Aimee Nielson
(University of Kentucky writer)
LEXINGTON, Ky. — With temperatures and resulting wind chills falling lower than the Bluegrass state has seen in nearly two decades, cattle producers need to pay special attention to newborn calves.
University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment ruminant veterinarian Michelle Arnold said extra precautions would go a long way in helping calves survive.
"A calf's body temperature often falls below normal due to a slow birth, followed by a delay in standing and nursing," she said. "That is the immediate concern, and then the next step is maintaining the calf's core temperature."
Use the barn.
If possible, producers should bring cows into the barn to calve in a heavily bedded, clean pen. If cows must calve outdoors, make sure there is dry, clean ground available without a large amount of manure. If cows do calve outdoors and calves show signs of hypothermia, or there are no natural windbreaks, producers should bring calves in until they are warm and dry.
Signs of hypothermia include shivering and blood shunting. In the early stages of hypothermia, a calf will show vigorous shivering usually accompanied by increased pulse and breathing rate. Cold nostrils and pale, cold hooves are early signs that blood is being shunted away from the body's extremities.
Watch for erratic behavior, confusion and a clumsy gait. As hypothermia progresses, shivering stops and muscles become rigid and pulse and respiration slow down. Brain cell metabolism slows and impairs brain function. The calf's level of consciousness deteriorates and signs of life become difficult to detect.
Detecting life.
The pupils of the eyes will be dilated and fixed, and it may be hard to detect a pulse. The calf may have occasional gasps of respiration, and that may be the only clue that the calf is still alive. Heart failure may be the actual cause of death.
"The two most important factors in calf survival are warmth and colostrum," Arnold said. "Colostrum is a concentrated source of protein, vitamins, minerals and energy, and it also contains antibodies to diseases or vaccines that the mother cow has been exposed to. Before you give colostrum, you need to make sure to warm the calf because the weak ones may not have enough strength to suckle. Sometimes you may need to deliver colostrum through an esophageal feeder."
Dark Karo syrup is a quick source of energy for calves and their bloodstream quickly absorbs it.
Warming tips.
Lehmkuhler offered several ways to warm newborn calves:
• Place calves next to floorboard heaters of pickup trucks.
• Submerse wet calves in warm baths and gradually heat the water to 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Handlers need to support the calves' heads to prevent drowning. Continue changing water out to maintain temperature.
• Place calves next to the heater in the house.
• Place calves under heat lamps, but be careful to cover the lamp with a screen so the calf will not get burned as it becomes more active.
• Wrap the calf in warm blankets, but not so hot that they burn the skin. Change the blankets as necessary to maintain warmth.
• Place the calf in a hot box or warming box, but not so hot that they burn the skin. Some type of venting is necessary to prevent carbon monoxide and moisture. Air movement is important to ensure thorough warming and to prevent hot spots in the warming box.
• A veterinarian can administer warm IV fluids.
"Once the calf is warm, provide colostrum and maintain body temperature," Arnold said. "If the calf is unwilling to suckle and it's not possible to milk the mother cow, you should consider commercial colostrum-replacement products."
Calves need colostrum as soon as possible after the suckle reflex has returned, generally within the first six hours after birth, but ideally within the first hour or two. Once the calf is warm and fed, move it back to its mother.
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Custom Builders From Across the Nation Invited to Enter to Compete in Elite Competition for $90,000 Prize Purse
The Progressive International Motorcycle Shows will launch the third annual Ultimate Builder Custom Bike Show, an elite-level custom motorcycle builder competition with new title sponsor J&P Cycles, at the tour's first stop,in Atlanta, November 2-4. Bike builders are encouraged to enter custom motorcycle creations at any of the 13 show stops across the country for a chance to win a piece of the $90,000 cash purse, more than any builder competition in the world. Five cash prize winners will be chosen at each show, leading up to a the United States Championship finale set to take place at the end of the tour. With more than 500 custom-built bikes on display across the country, the J&P Cycles Ultimate Builder Competition sets itself apart as the world's largest touring custom bike competition.
"Celebrating its third year, the popularity of this competition continues to grow, allowing attendees an up close look at more than 500 amazing custom motorcycles in cities nationwide, from Atlanta to California," said Progressive International Motorcycle Shows Brand Director Tigra Tsujikawa. "And for the participating builders, this competition provides national exposure and a chance to share their artistic inspiration with enthusiasts while competing for top prize money. It is a win-win for everyone involved; especially the attendees that get to see these amazing one-of-a-kind creations."
The J&P Cycles Ultimate Builder Competition will host five classes of competition including Freestyle, Modified Harley, Retro Mod, Performance Custom and, new this year, Modified Street. Judging of the custom bikes will be conducted by the competitors themselves, as well as industry veterans with the top builders in each class receiving awards. A ceremony will take place at each show where winners will receive cash prizes and trophies followed by a short interview so attendees can learn the story behind the award-winning bikes.
New this year, the Progressive International Motorcycle Shows will host a J&P Cycles Ultimate Builder Photo Booth where builders will pose for photos in a professional studio with their competition bikes. Space at each J&P Cycles Ultimate Builder Custom BikeCompetition is limited. Interested custom builders should log on to www.ultimatebikebuilder.com or call 919/450-5060 for more details.


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In the arena of high altitude balloons, Canon's PowerShot series of digicams are the camera du jour for sending high into the stratosphere. There's a particular reason for this: these cameras can run the very capable CHDK firmware that turns a $100 digicam into a camera with a built-in intervalometer along with a whole bunch of really cool features. It appears this CHDK firmware is much more powerful than we imagined, because [Chris] is now transmitting pictures taken from a Canon a530 to the ground, using only the CHDK firmware and a cheap radio module.
These PowerShot cameras have an ARM processor inside that runs VxWorks, a minimal but very capable OS for embedded devices and Mars rovers. By tying in to the Tx and Rx lines of the camera, [Chris] can issue commands to the OS, change settings, and even install his own code.
With the help of [Phil Heron]'s SSDV encoder written in C, [Chris] was able to get the camera to transmit images with a small radio transmitter that fits in the battery compartment. Right now, [Chris] has only built the CHDK + SSDV for the Canon a530, but with how useful this build is, we expect to see an improved version very shortly.


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- Updated: 17 June 2019
- Published: 14 April 2014
- Hits: 12899
About The Renaissance International School Library
In keeping with the Mission Statement of The Renaissance International School, to provide children with an international center of learning and culture where the children can develop and achieve their highest potential, the library has a robust selection of books in Spanish and French and up-to-date reference books. The library offers an opportunity for the students to become acquainted with using a library for research, reading for fun, and to inspire. The collection, using the Dewey Decimal System, contains over twenty five hundred non-fiction and fiction books ranging from Pre-primary through Upper El. The library continues to grow with the dedicated support and enthusiasm of the parents. Please continue to check the library portal for the latest library news and the monthly RRL (Recommended Reading List). If you have any questions or suggestions, please email me.
Vincenzo K. Nocito The Renaissance International School Library
What's Best for Our Children? These websites will help you choose great books for your children: commonsensemedia.org bookseer.com greatkidbooks.com
The following links will take you to the ALA (American Library Association) 2013 Book and Media Awards: www.ala.org/ Book & Media awards www.booklistonline.com/awards


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Republicans take a $100 billion whack at Obama budget
In a move that has "tea party" written all over it, Republicans in the House of Representative propose to cut spending for the rest of this fiscal year by what they claim is "the largest single discretionary spending reduction in the history of Congress."
Will it pass? That's unlikely, given Democratic control of the Senate and President Obama's authority to veto what's called a "continuing resolution."
Still, the action sets the scene for what could be a knock-down-drag-out political fight. And while the amount in question is just a fraction of overall government spending, it wallops many popular programs – including some highly favored by the Obama administration.
RELATED: Five ways Republicans will change the House
"The CR contains over $100 billion in cuts compared to the President's request – fully meeting the spending reduction goal outlined in the Republican 'Pledge to America' while providing common sense exceptions for our troops and veterans," says Rep. Hal Rogers (R) of Kentucky, chairman of the House Appropriations Committee. "These cuts go far and wide, and will affect every community in the nation."
"These were hard decisions, and I know many people will not be happy with everything we've proposed in this package," he said. "That's understandable and not unexpected, but I believe these reductions are necessary to show that we are serious about returning our nation to a sustainable financial path."
Among those programs facing steep cuts: environmental protection, renewable energy, transportation (including high-speed rail), housing, community health centers, border security, the Peace Corps, and Pell Grants for low-income college students.
The Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) and AmeriCorps would be eliminated. Also, the EPA would be prohibited from regulating greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming.
(Actual cuts total $61 billion. The $100 billion cited by Rogers comes out of Obama's FY 2011 budget, which was never enacted.)
Democrats call it a "meat ax" approach, as Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D) of Nevada puts it.
"The priorities identified in this proposal for some of the largest cuts – environmental protection, healthcare, energy, science, and law enforcement – are essential to the current and future well-being of our economy and communities across the country," Senate Appropriations Chairman Daniel Inouye (D) of Hawaii said in a statement.
Others raise the specter of 1995, when then-president Bill Clinton vetoed a spending bill written by the GOP-controlled House (led by then-Speaker Newt Gingrich), resulting in a temporary halt to many government programs – including the closing of national parks at a time when many Americans were on vacation. The budget snit eventually was resolved, but Clinton won in the court of public opinion – which helped him win reelection the following year.
This year, the government could shut down if a new continuing resolution is not passed by March 4. That would lay off tens of thousands of workers – more when private firms filling government contracts are added in. That's not a politically-palatable prospect at a time when unemployment remains high.
The cuts are more than symbolic. Still, they target only about 13 percent of the government's $3.7 trillion budget.
Originally, the House GOP leadership planned for about $32 billion in spending cuts. But feeling the hot breath of hardcore fiscal conservatives – including many new freshmen, not to mention the tea party movement – they upped that to $61 billion (or "$100 billion" below what Obama wanted to spend).
The budgetary exercise points up internal friction within the GOP over government spending and budget-balancing.
There are the tea partiers, and then there are what might be called the tea-totallers – that slight majority of Republicans (and Republican-leaning independents) who don't fall in line with the tea party movement.
According to a new survey by the Pew Research Center, "across a wide range of issues – including federal spending on entitlements, education, agriculture, and energy – the spending preferences of Republicans and GOP leaners who do not agree with the tea party are far more in sync with Democrats than with Republican supporters of the tea party."
Republican intra-party divisions are particularly sharp over funding for education, Social Security, and environmental protection, according to Pew.
"A third of Republicans and GOP leaners who agree with the Tea Party favor decreasing federal education spending, compared with just 4 percent of non-Tea Party Republicans," reports Pew. "Instead, 64 percent of non-Tea Party Republicans want increased education spending, as do 78 percent of Democrats and Democratic leaners."
Similarly, there are differences within the Republican base over Social Security, Medicare, foreign aid, and help for the unemployed. Which is why House Speaker John Boehner (R) of Ohio and his lieutenants saluted smartly in deference to party conservatives.
Meanwhile, the fun is just beginning. On Monday, the Obama administration unveils its proposed budget for 2012.


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Rap Tour Bus Standoff in OKC -- Cops Suspect Drugs On Board
Rap Tour Bus Standoff in OKC Cops Suspect Drugs On Board
7:48 AM PT -- Cops have finally obtained a warrant and entered the bus ... and immediately placed several passengers under arrest for "interfering with police process" for locking the cops out of the bus.
We asked cops if 2 Chainz was one of the people on the bus -- to which we were told cops are not sure, but we're told the bus is "connected" to the rapper.
A tour bus connected to Lil Wayne's concert tour has been pulled over in Oklahoma and cops suspect there are drugs on board ... but the passengers have locked themselves inside and REFUSE to cooperate, TMZ has learned.
Law enforcement tells us ... the bus was pulled over around midnight because its taillights were out. And when officers approached the vehicle, they noticed signs of drug use and wanted to board the bus.
But the driver told cops he wasn't letting 'em on ... and locked the door ... and told cops they had to get a search warrant before he would unlock the doors.
It's unclear who's on the bus -- but we're told Wayne and T.I. (also on the tour) had left the city on private jets before the incident. 2 Chainz is also part of the tour -- but no word if he's on the bus.
Cops eventually towed the bus (with the people inside) to a nearby police training facility ... while they wait for a judge to issue a warrant.
Stay tuned ...


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Charged with making recommendations on issues related to park, recreation and open space needs of the community and the protection of Burnsville's natural resources. Typical issues include park development, priority setting for capital improvements, reviewing environmental ordinances/natural resources plans and park use policies
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VILNIUS, Lithuania – Lithuania says six U.S. fighter jets and two tanker planes have arrived in Lithuania following a U.S. decision to increase NATO's air policing mission of the three Baltic states.
The Defense Ministry in Vilnius said Thursday that the F-15C Eagles were deployed from the RAF Lakenheath air base in Britain, and will join four other fighters in patrolling the air space of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.
U.S. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel announced Wednesday that the United States was stepping up the defense of its allies in Europe in response to Russia's military move into Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula.
NATO's Baltic air patrols are carried out from the northwestern base of Zokniai in Lithuania.


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A seven-day search for two mushroom pickers in British Columbia has ended with both found dead.
RCMP Sgt. Sascha Banks says the body of 48-year-old Peter Oleski was found Thursday by a volunteer search group from the Lil'wat Nation.
Search and rescue teams found the body of 21-year-old River Leo a short time later.
The father and son had set out for a day of mushroom picking last Thursday in the mountains overlooking the community of Pemberton, 150 kilometres north of Vancouver.
Members of the Lil'wat Nation, Stl'atl'imx Tribal Police, RCMP, Comox 442 Squadron and dozens of search teams from around B.C. helped with the extensive search.
Banks says the Stl'atl'imx Tribal Police and Pemberton RCMP will work with the BC Coroners Service to investigate the deaths.
The Canadian Press
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