text:
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2 Year Motor Warranty and 2 Year Remote System WarrantyWarranty Information
Offering fantastic value for money, the 42" Fairbanks comes complete with remote control and LED light. The remote control operates the 3 speeds of the fan plus the on/off/dim for the light and has a built in timer function for 2hr, 4hr, 8hr auto switch-off. 2 x G9 LED bulbs are included in the fan box, please choose the colour temperature required. Please note this fan MUST use LED bulbs. You cannot use halogen G9 bulbs with this fan. The Fairbanks has a 2 year motor and remote system warranty.
Click here for our MEASURING-UP GUIDE
A = Diameter of blades, tip to tip B = Distance from ceiling to blades C = Overall depth of fan D = Diameter of ceiling fixing plate X = Depth of light fitting Y = Width of light fitting Light = Bulb(s) where applicable
Ensure minimum 6" clearance from tip of all blades to any obstruction
Ensure height from blades to floor is at least 7.5 ft
NB: Where two dimensions are given for B or C this means the fan is dual mount and can be fitted either flush to the ceiling or on the drop rod supplied.
Q. What size fan do I need? A. When choosing a ceiling fan it is important to remember that it is more relaxing and efficient to run a larger fan on a lower speed than a small fan on a higher speed. Fantasia Fans range from 28"/71cm to 56"/144cm in diameter to suit any installation. In order to generate air movement, it is very important that you have sufficient clearance from the tip of the blades to the slope of the ceiling or any other obstruction such as a beam. For larger rooms we recommend 2 or more fans. Should the room have above average heat conditions e.g. conservatory or south facing bedroom, then increase the fan size to the next size up. Rooms with ceilings higher than 8ft 2" (2.5m) will require a longer drop rod to lower the fan to a suitable level of operation. For a room with a standard 8ft ceiling, recommended sizes are as follows:
Room Size = Fan Size 8ft x 10ft (2.43m x 3m) = 28"/30" (71cm/76cm) 12ft x 12ft (3.65m x 3.65m) = 36"/42" (91cm/107cm) 15ft x 12ft (4.57m x 3.65m) = 42"/52" (107cm/132cm) 20ft x 14ft (6.1m x 4.27m) = 52"/54"/56" (132cm/137cm/144cm)
Q. Will my ceiling fan keep me awake at night? A. No, it really shouldn't. Fantasia Ceiling Fans run very quietly and, particularly on low speed, you should hardly notice it. Some competitors' fans are noisy and wobble because they are made from lower quality materials. Fantasia fans run quietly and, even when fitted with a drop rod, are very stable.
Q. Can fans be installed on a very high or sloping ceiling? A. Yes, our mounting systems are versatile so most fans can take a drop rod up to 72" / 183cm in length and the ball joint configuration allows for angles up to 20 degrees. A minimum of 6" must be allowed between the tip of the blade and the slope of the ceiling, or any other obstruction. The British Standards Institute recommends that the blades should be no less than 7ft 6" from the floor.
The Drop Rod length is determined by the ceiling height. The optimum height from the floor to the blade is between 7ft 6" and 9ft. Flush mounted fans will require a Conversion Kit to fit a drop rod.
Q. Is installation difficult? A. A ceiling fan can be wired into an existing lighting circuit (two core and earth) and is a simple DIY job. We recommend that installation is carried out in accordance with National Electrical Codes. The fixing point for the ceiling fan must be strong enough to support 4 times the fan's stationary weight. If you are in any doubt then consult a qualified electrician.
Q. Can I operate the fan and light independently? A. Yes you can - we get asked this a lot - the fan and light have separate controls so the fan can be used when the light is off and visa versa.
Q. How do I operate the fan speeds? A. Your Fantasia fan will be supplied with either a remote control, a stepped wall speed control or an integral pull switch with chain. The remote control consists of a handset and receiver unit. All our pull-cord operated fans can be upgraded to either wall control or remote control and this can be done at a later date if required. A wall mounted variable dimmer switch must not be used to adjust fan speeds.
Q. How do I operate the fan light? A. If the fan has a light then this will be operated by either the remote control, a wall switch or a separate integral pull switch with chain. The fan and light can always be operated independently.
Q. What fan accessories might I need? A. We offer a wide range of accessories to cater for every type of installation. Flush mounted fans can be converted to drop rod mount using a Conversion Kit and longer drop rods ranging from 12"/30cm to 72"/183cm are available for conservatory installations or rooms with high ceilings. A Big Strip Fastener can be useful when attaching a fan to a narrow beam or conservatory crossbar. Light Kits are available to fit to ceiling fans that come without a light as standard. We can even supply a ceiling fan Blade Duster!
Q. Are fans noisy and do they wobble? A. Some competitors' fans are noisy and wobble because they are made from inferior materials. Fantasia fan motors are larger, and are of silicon steel construction with double sealed bearings, ensuring long, quiet, reliable and maintenance-free operation. Fantasia fans move more air, run quietly and, even when fitted with a drop rod, are very stable.
Q. How much does a fan cost to run? A. Fantasia fans run off the standard lighting circuit (5 amp) and are very economical to run. The winter setting on our fans re-circulates the warm air trapped at ceiling level, eliminating cold spots and draughts and distributing room heat without creating a cooling breeze. Used correctly, a ceiling fan can save as much as 10% on energy bills during the winter months.
Q. What is covered under the warranty? A. Fans in the Elite Range and the Fantasia Range have a 10 year motor warranty during which time we will repair or replace defective product. Fans in the EuroFans Range have 5 year motor warranty. All remote control systems carry a 2 year warranty. Costs such as electricians' fees, hiring of specialist equipment etc is specifically excluded. You must retain your proof of purchase.
Q. Does the fan require any maintenance or cleaning? A. All Fantasia fans have permanently sealed bearings, double lacquered surfaces and do not required maintenance. An occasional light dusting with a soft cloth is all that is required although it is suggested that all fixings/screws are tightened annually. Do not use any liquids or polishers on any part of your ceiling fan as this may cause damage.
Q. Can I buy a light kit at a later date? A. Most Fantasia fans are light adaptable and a light can be fitted at any time. The Blade is the only Fantasia fan which cannot be fitted with a light. Some fans come complete with an integral light which cannot be removed or changed – see the model specification for details. Wiring connection to the supply must be installed to our instructions – see our Wiring Diagrams section for more information. Lights are available in a wide selection of styles and finishes to complement almost any décor.
Q. Can I change the blades on my fan to a different colour? A. All blades are interchangeable within one particular model e.g. a Stainless Steel Mayfair fan can be fitted with blades from any other Mayfair. Blades are often interchangeable between ranges as well e.g. a Gemini fan can take a Mayfair blade. To find out if you can change the blades on your particular fan or to request a blade sample please use the Contact form or call our Sales Office on 01959 564 440.
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In the February 2014 issue of Rhythm, on sale now, our monster cover feature presents the stories behind 10 of the most iconic drum sounds ever recorded and we show how you can create them yourself, with audio and video examples, mixing techniques, miking ideas and more!
As part of the feature we spoke to some of the drummers, producers and engineers involved in the tracks to add their expert take on things. We got so much information we couldn't fit it all in the magazine, so here we present some bonus material - deleted scenes, if you will.
In this interview, Wrecking Crew drum legend Hal Blaine talks about working with eccentric producer Phil Spector on The Ronettes classic Be My Baby.
What do you remember of your times in the studio with Phil Spector?
"My memories of a Phil Spector session are just the greatest. Not hard, but it took a lot of stamina because Phil did not like to take breaks. So many producers are superstitious. He liked to use the same engineer (Barry Levine), the same set-up at the (now defunct) fabulous Goldstar Studio, the same microphones, the same chairs. He would only work Friday nights. He would always use the same people and he referred to us as 'the wall of sound.' Goldstar studio A was small. We did so many big hit records at that studio.
"Phil was one of the few guys that when we finished a song, after we were dismissed, he immediately started mixing with Brian Levine, who became Herb Alpert's head of sound at A&M Records."
How did the part come about?
"For some reason I really did not remember anything about a drum part that was written out. We may have been rehearsing with a straight backbeat on two and four the entire song. But, the red light goes on and I counted off and I dropped a stick on the floor! All of a sudden I'm not playing on the two. Playing the four with my good hand that's still working as I'm reaching for another drum stick out of my trap case! When you're in the studio, if you make a mistake, do it every four or eight bars, it becomes part of the arrangement. So, they seemed to love it and it worked great. Leave it the way it is. We did a number of takes with Phil; twenty-eight, twenty-nine, something like that. It was an amazing time."
Do you remember the kit you used?
"The kit I used was the Blue Sparkle Ludwig that happens to be at the Musician's Hall of Fame in Nashville, Tennessee. Those drums really worked for me."
How do you like to tune your drums?
"He (Phil Spector) loved my particular drum sound. My drum sound is midrange. That's the way I tune my snare drum, the toms, the bass. You've got four drums. You must think of it musically, piano, bass, soprano and tenor. Of those four drums I start with my snare. I bring it up to midrange. I go to a tom or two, a floor tom and a bass drum. We liked 'em flat and we liked taking the front head off [the bass drum]. It became a great sound for us."
Want your drum recordings to sound like Hal Blaine on Be My Baby? Find out more in the latest issue of Rhythm.

subset: commoncrawl


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Published on Addictions, Breathing system.
Smoking is another word for tabagism
Published on Addictions, Breathing system.
All forms of dependence represent an escape. It is an escape that started as a quest. What actually happens is that the person literally projects the objective of his search on something he found along the way, and decides his quest was over. He is pleased with what he has found. He remains trapped in fear and convenience. Anything can cause addiction: alcohol, drugs, sex, tobacco, gambling, food (bulimia, anorexia), but also, and even to a larger extent, money, power, rules, fame, influence, knowledge, entertainment, isolation, asceticism, cult, tradition, ancestral beliefs, religion…
The addicted person is the one who stops halfway through his quest. For this reason, he feels empty. And because he feels empty, he needs to fill the void with external substances that confer him the illusion of being balanced.
Basically, we could say that in all humanity, we are all dependents. The difference between the sick dependent and the healthy dependent rests in the quality of self-observation, that is, in the awareness of oneself, of one's feelings and path. Dependence is a type of attachment. The non-addict, non-sick consumer is the one who is aware of his attachments.
Tobacco stimulates the lungs and the bronchi, which are organs of contact and communication with others. The smoker who holds the smoke in is stimulating his bronchi. It is a masculine attitude and a form of marking the territory. Bronchi are, in fact, linked to territorial conflicts, which are male conflicts. This need for territorial marking is typical of the person who cannot express himself as he should, at home or at school or work. Ninety five per cent of people start to smoke during adolescence, which is when youngsters are dizzy over their hormonal and human development and fail to communicate well with parents and teachers. Then he hides behind tobacco. He is trying to stimulate communication and mark his territory through tobacco. It is a movement whose causes he is unaware of. Besides, exhaling smoke keeps people away. This is another way young people use to mark territory that they believe to be threatened. A woman who smokes is marking her own territory. Women smokers are more aggressive, more yang, more masculine.
Tobacco also stimulates communication, through the lungs. And alcohol, coffee and tea, that are diuretic, stimulate kidneys, organs that are also linked to communication. For this reason, at gatherings with friends, people drink and smoke, as a means to create contact and to stimulate the organs of contact, the lungs and kidneys. In these meetings, smokers communicate very well amongst themselves.
However, smoking and drinking do not resolve the causes. They merely resolve symptoms and effects, not causes.


text:
Possible anti-obesity effects of white tea have been demonstrated in a series of experiments on human fat cells (adipocytes). Researchers have now shown that an extract of the herbal brew effectively inhibits the generation of new adipocytes and stimulates fat mobilization from mature fat cells.
Marc Winnefeld led a team of researchers from Beiersdorf AG, Germany, who studied the biological effects of an extract of white tea – the least processed version of the tea plant Camellia sinensis. He said, "In the industrialized countries, the rising incidence of obesity-associated disorders including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes constitutes a growing problem. We've shown that white tea may be an ideal natural source of slimming substances".
After treating lab-cultured human pre-adipocytes with the tea extract, the authors found that fat incorporation during the genesis of new adipocytes was reduced. According to Winnefeld, "The extract solution induced a decrease in the expression of genes associated with the growth of new fat cells, while also prompting existing adipocytes to break down the fat they contain".
White tea is made from the buds and first leaves of the plant used to make green tea and the black tea most commonly drunk in Western countries. It is less processed than the other teas and contains more of the ingredients thought to be active on human cells, such as methylxanthines (like caffeine) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) – which the authors believe to be responsible for many of the anti-adipogenic effects demonstrated in their study.
Story Source:
Materials provided by Nutrition and Metabolism. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Journal Reference:
Cite This Page:


text:
- Date: Thursday, March 23rd,
- Time: 7pm. If the conversation is good, we'll likely go for quite some hours afterwards.
- Location: O'flahertys Pub (http://www.oflahertyspub.com/) in San Pedro Square. The address is 25 N San Pedro St., San Jose. It is roughly a 10 minute walk from the convention hall at San Pedro Square.
- Directions: Here are the Google Maps directions.
take care


text:
Contents | Prev | Next | Index | Java Language Specification Second Edition |
While most of the discussion in the preceding chapters is concerned only with the behavior of code as executed a single statement or expression at a time, that is, by a single thread, each Java virtual machine can support many threads of execution at once. These threads independently execute code that operates on values and objects residing in a shared main memory. Threads may be supported by having many hardware processors, by time-slicing a single hardware processor, or by time-slicing many hardware processors.
The Java programming language supports the coding of programs that, though concurrent, still exhibit deterministic behavior, by providing mechanisms for synchronizing the concurrent activity of threads. To synchronize threads, the Java programming language uses monitors, which are a high-level mechanism for allowing only one thread at a time to execute a region of code protected by the monitor. The behavior of monitors is explained in terms of locks; there is a lock associated with each object.
The synchronized
statement (§14.18) performs two special actions relevant only to multithreaded operation: (1) after computing a reference to an object but before executing its body, it locks a lock associated with the object, and (2) after execution of the body has completed, either normally or abruptly, it unlocks that same lock. As a convenience, a method may be declared synchronized
; such a method behaves as if its body were contained in a synchronized
The methods wait
, notify
, and notifyAll
of class Object
support an efficient transfer of control from one thread to another. Rather than simply "spinning" (repeatedly locking and unlocking an object to see whether some internal state has changed), which consumes computational effort, a thread can suspend itself using wait
until such time as another thread awakens it using notify
. This is especially appropriate in situations where threads have a producer-consumer relationship (actively cooperating on a common goal) rather than a mutual exclusion relationship (trying to avoid conflicts while sharing a common resource).
As a thread executes code, it carries out a sequence of actions. A thread may use the value of a variable or assign it a new value. (Other actions include arithmetic operations, conditional tests, and method invocations, but these do not involve variables directly.) If two or more concurrent threads act on a shared variable, there is a possibility that the actions on the variable will produce timing-dependent results. This dependence on timing is inherent in concurrent programming, producing one of the few places in the language where the result of executing a program is not determined solely by this specification.
Each thread has a working memory, in which it may keep copies of the values of variables from the main memory that is shared between all threads. To access a shared variable, a thread usually first obtains a lock and flushes its working memory. This guarantees that shared values will thereafter be loaded from the shared main memory to the threads working memory. When a thread unlocks a lock it guarantees the values it holds in its working memory will be written back to the main memory.
This chapter explains the interaction of threads with the main memory, and thus with each other, in terms of certain low-level actions. There are rules about the order in which these actions may occur. These rules impose constraints on any implementation of the Java programming language, and a programmer may rely on the rules to predict the possible behaviors of a concurrent program. The rules do, however, intentionally give the implementor certain freedoms; the intent is to permit certain standard hardware and software techniques that can greatly improve the speed and efficiency of concurrent code.
Briefly put, these are the important consequences of the rules:
and double
values; see §17.4.)
Every thread has a working memory in which it keeps its own working copy of variables that it must use or assign. As the thread executes a program, it operates on these working copies. The main memory contains the master copy of every variable. There are rules about when a thread is permitted or required to transfer the contents of its working copy of a variable into the master copy or vice versa.
The main memory also contains locks; there is one lock associated with each object. Threads may compete to acquire a lock.
For the purposes of this chapter, the verbs use, assign, load, store, lock, and unlock name actions that a thread can perform. The verbs read, write, lock, and unlock name actions that the main memory subsystem can perform. Each of these actions is atomic (indivisible).
A use or assign action is a tightly coupled interaction between a thread's execution engine and the thread's working memory. A lock or unlock action is a tightly coupled interaction between a thread's execution engine and the main memory. But the transfer of data between the main memory and a thread's working memory is loosely coupled. When data is copied from the main memory to a working memory, two actions must occur: a read action performed by the main memory followed some time later by a corresponding load action performed by the working memory. When data is copied from a working memory to the main memory, two actions must occur: a store action performed by the working memory followed some time later by a corresponding write action performed by the main memory. There may be some transit time between main memory and a working memory, and the transit time may be different for each transaction; thus actions initiated by a thread on different variables may viewed by another thread as occurring in a different order. For each variable, however, the actions in main memory on behalf of any one thread are performed in the same order as the corresponding actions by that thread. (This is explained in greater detail below.)
A single thread issues a stream of use, assign, lock, and unlock actions as dictated by the semantics of the program it is executing. The underlying implementation is then required additionally to perform appropriate load, store, read, and write actions so as to obey a certain set of constraints, explained below. If the implementation correctly follows these rules and the application programmer follows certain other rules of programming, then data can be reliably transferred between threads through shared variables. The rules are designed to be "tight" enough to make this possible but "loose" enough to allow hardware and software designers considerable freedom to improve speed and throughput through such mechanisms as registers, queues, and caches.
Here are the detailed definitions of each of the actions:
Threads do not interact directly; they communicate only through the shared main memory. The relationships between the actions of a thread and the actions of main memory are constrained in three ways:
In the rules that follow, the phrasing "B must intervene between A and C" means that action B must follow action A and precede action C.
operator requires that a single use action occur on V; an occurrence of V as the left-hand operand of the assignment operator =
requires that a single assign action occur. All use and assign actions by a given thread must occur in the order specified by the program being executed by the thread. If the following rules forbid T to perform a required use as its next action, it may be necessary for T to perform a load first in order to make progress.
There are also certain constraints on the read and write actions performed by main memory:
variables (§17.7).double
or long
variable is not declared volatile
, then for the purposes of load, store, read, and write actions they are treated as if they were two variables of 32 bits each: wherever the rules require one of these actions, two such actions are performed, one for each 32-bit half. The manner in which the 64 bits of a double
or long
variable are encoded into two 32-bit quantities is implementation-dependent. The load, store, read, and write actions on volatile
variables are atomic, even if the type of the variable is double
or long
This matters only because a read or write of a double
or long
variable may be handled by an actual main memory as two 32-bit read or write actions that may be separated in time, with other actions coming between them. Consequently, if two threads concurrently assign distinct values to the same shared non-volatile
or long
variable, a subsequent use of that variable may obtain a value that is not equal to either of the assigned values, but some implementation-dependent mixture of the two values.
An implementation is free to implement load, store, read, and write actions for double
and long
values as atomic 64-bit actions; in fact, this is strongly encouraged. The model divides them into 32-bit halves for the sake of several currently popular microprocessors that fail to provide efficient atomic memory transactions on 64-bit quantities. It would have been simpler to define all memory transactions on single variables as atomic; this more complex definition is a pragmatic concession to current hardware practice. In the future this concession may be eliminated. Meanwhile, programmers are cautioned always to explicitly synchronize access to shared double
and long
, then additional constraints apply to the actions of each thread. Let T be a thread and let V and W be volatile variables.
variables are atomic, even if the type of the variable is double
or long
, then the rules in the previous sections are relaxed slightly to allow store actions to occur earlier than would otherwise be permitted. The purpose of this relaxation is to allow optimizing Java compilers to perform certain kinds of code rearrangement that preserve the semantics of properly synchronized programs but might be caught in the act of performing memory actions out of order by programs that are not properly synchronized.Suppose that a store by T of V would follow a particular assign by T of V according to the rules of the previous sections, with no intervening load or assign by T of V. Then that store action would send to the main memory the value that the assign action put into the working memory of thread T. The special rule allows the store action to instead occur before the assign action, if the following restrictions are obeyed:
If a thread uses a particular shared variable only after locking a particular lock and before the corresponding unlocking of that same lock, then the thread will read the shared value of that variable from main memory after the lock action, if necessary, and will copy back to main memory the value most recently assigned to that variable before the unlock action. This, in conjunction with the mutual exclusion rules for locks, suffices to guarantee that values are correctly transmitted from one thread to another through shared variables.
The rules for volatile
variables effectively require that main memory be touched exactly once for each use or assign of a volatile
variable by a thread, and that main memory be touched in exactly the order dictated by the thread execution semantics. However, such memory actions are not ordered with respect to read and write actions on nonvolatile variables.
and b
and methods hither
and yon
Now suppose that two threads are created, and that one thread callsclass Sample { int a = 1, b = 2; void hither() { a = b; } void yon() { b = a; } }
while the other thread calls yon
. What is the required set of actions and what are the ordering constraints?
Let us consider the thread that calls hither
. According to the rules, this thread must perform an use of b
followed by an assign of a
. That is the bare minimum required to execute a call to the method hither
Now, the first action on variable b
by the thread cannot be use. But it may be assign or load. An assign to b
cannot occur because the program text does not call for such an assign action, so a load of b
is required. This load action by the thread in turn requires a preceding read action for b
by the main memory.
The thread may optionally store the value of a
after the assign has occurred. If it does, then the store action in turn requires a following write action for a
by the main memory.
The situation for the thread that calls yon
is similar, but with the roles of a
and b
The total set of actions may be pictured as follows:
In what order may the actions by the main memory occur? The only constraint is that it is not possible both for the write of a
to precede the read of a
and for the write of b
to precede the read of b
, because the causality arrows in the diagram would form a loop so that an action would have to precede itself, which is not allowed. Assuming that the optional store and write actions are to occur, there are three possible orderings in which the main memory might legitimately perform its actions. Let ha
and hb
be the working copies of a
and b
for the hither
thread, let ya
and yb
be the working copies for the yon
thread, and let ma
and mb
be the master copies in main memory. Initially ma=1
and mb=2
. Then the three possible orderings of actions and the resulting states are as follows:
read a
, read b
write b
(then ha=2
, hb=2
, ma=2
, mb=2
, ya=2
, yb=2
write a
, write b
read b
(then ha=1
, hb=1
, ma=1
, mb=1
, ya=1
, yb=1
write a
, read b
write b
(then ha=2
, hb=2
, ma=2
, mb=1
, ya=1
, yb=1
is copied into a
, a
is copied into b
, or the values of a
and b
are swapped; moreover, the working copies of the variables might or might not agree. It would be incorrect, of course, to assume that any one of these outcomes is more likely than another. This is one place in which the behavior of a program is necessarily timing-dependent.Of course, an implementation might also choose not to perform the store and write actions, or only one of the two pairs, leading to yet other possible results.
Now suppose that we modify the example to use synchronized
Let us again consider the thread that callsclass SynchSample { int a = 1, b = 2; synchronized void hither() { a = b; } synchronized void yon() { b = a; } }
. According to the rules, this thread must perform a lock action (on the instance of class SynchSample
on which the hither
method is being called) before the body of method hither
is executed. This is followed by a use of b
and then an assign of a
. Finally, an unlock action on that same instance of SynchSample
must be performed after the body of method hither
completes. That is the bare minimum required to execute a call to the method hither
As before, a load of b
is required, which in turn requires a preceding read action for b
by the main memory. Because the load follows the lock action, the corresponding read must also follow the lock action.
Because an unlock action follows the assign of a
, a store action on a
is mandatory, which in turn requires a following write action for a
by the main memory. The write must precede the unlock action.
The situation for the thread that calls yon
is similar, but with the roles of a
and b
The total set of actions may be pictured as follows:
read a
, read b
write b
(then ha=2
, hb=2
, ma=2
, mb=2
, ya=2
, yb=2
write a
, write b
read b
(then ha=1
, hb=1
, ma=1
, mb=1
, ya=1
, yb=1
and b
and b
and methods to
and fro
Now suppose that two threads are created, and that one thread callsclass Simple { int a = 1, b = 2; void to() { a = 3; b = 4; } void fro() { System.out.println("a= " + a + ", b=" + b); } }
while the other thread calls fro
. What is the required set of actions and what are the ordering constraints?
Let us consider the thread that calls to
. According to the rules, this thread must perform an assign of a
followed by an assign of b
. That is the bare minimum required to execute a call to the method to
. Because there is no synchronization, it is at the option of the implementation whether or not to store the assigned values back to main memory! Therefore the thread that calls fro
may obtain either 1
or 3
for the value of a
, and independently may obtain either 2
or 4
for the value of b
Now suppose that to
is synchronized
but fro
is not:
In this case the methodclass SynchSimple { int a = 1, b = 2; synchronized void to() { a = 3; b = 4; } void fro() { System.out.println("a= " + a + ", b=" + b); } }
will be forced to store the assigned values back to main memory before the unlock action at the end of the method. The method fro
must, of course, use a
and b
(in that order) and so must load values for a
and b
from main memory.The total set of actions may be pictured as follows:
In what order may the actions by the main memory occur? Note that the rules do not require that write a
occur before write b
; neither do they require that read a
occur before read b
. Also, even though method to
is synchronized
, method fro
is not synchronized
, so there is nothing to prevent the read actions from occurring between the lock and unlock actions. (The point is that declaring one method synchronized
does not of itself make that method behave as if it were atomic.)
As a result, the method fro
could still obtain either 1
or 3
for the value of a
, and independently could obtain either 2
or 4
for the value of b
. In particular, fro
might observe the value 1
for a
and 4
for b
. Thus, even though to
does an assign to a
and then an assign to b
, the write actions to main memory may be observed by another thread to occur as if in the opposite order.
Finally, suppose that to
and fro
are both synchronized
class SynchSynchSimple { int a = 1, b = 2; synchronized void to() { a = 3; b = 4; } synchronized void fro() { System.out.println("a= " + a + ", b=" + b); } } In this case, the actions of methodfro
cannot be interleaved with the actions of methodto
, and sofro
will print either "a=1, b=2
" or "a=3, b=4
and ThreadGroup
. Creating a Thread
object creates a thread and that is the only way to create a thread. When the thread is created, it is not yet active; it begins to run when its start
method is called.Every thread has a priority. When there is competition for processing resources, threads with higher priority are generally executed in preference to threads with lower priority. Such preference is not, however, a guarantee that the highest priority thread will always be running, and thread priorities cannot be used to reliably implement mutual exclusion.
Note, however, that the Java virtual machine provides separate monitorenter and monitorexit instructions that implement the lock and unlock actions.
The synchronized
statement (§14.18) computes a reference to an object; it then attempts to perform a lock action on that object and does not proceed further until the lock action has successfully completed. (A lock action may be delayed because the rules about locks can prevent the main memory from participating until some other thread is ready to perform one or more unlock actions.) After the lock action has been performed, the body of the synchronized
statement is executed. If execution of the body is ever completed, either normally or abruptly, an unlock action is automatically performed on that same lock.
A synchronized
method (§220.127.116.11) automatically performs a lock action when it is invoked; its body is not executed until the lock action has successfully completed. If the method is an instance method, it locks the lock associated with the instance for which it was invoked (that is, the object that will be known as this
during execution of the body of the method). If the method is static
, it locks the lock associated with the Class
object that represents the class in which the method is defined. If execution of the method's body is ever completed, either normally or abruptly, an unlock action is automatically performed on that same lock.
Best practice is that if a variable is ever to be assigned by one thread and used or assigned by another, then all accesses to that variable should be enclosed in synchronized
methods or synchronized
The Java programming language does not prevent, nor require detection of, deadlock conditions. Programs where threads hold (directly or indirectly) locks on multiple objects should use conventional techniques for deadlock avoidance, creating higher-level locking primitives that don't deadlock, if necessary.
Wait sets are used by the methods wait
, notify
, and notifyAll
of class Object
. These methods also interact with the scheduling mechanism for threads.
The method wait
should be called for an object only when the current thread (call it T) has already locked the object's lock. Suppose that thread T has in fact performed N lock actions that have not been matched by unlock actions. The wait
method then adds the current thread to the wait set for the object, disables the current thread for thread scheduling purposes, and performs N unlock actions to relinquish the lock. The thread T then lies dormant until one of three things happens:
method for that object and thread T happens to be the one arbitrarily chosen as the one to notify.
method for that object.
method specified a timeout interval, the specified amount of real time has elapsed.
method. Thus, on return from the wait
method, the state of the object's lock is exactly as it was when the wait
method was invoked.
The notify
method should be called for an object only when the current thread has already locked the object's lock. If the wait set for the object is not empty, then some arbitrarily chosen thread is removed from the wait set and re-enabled for thread scheduling. (Of course, that thread will not be able to proceed until the current thread relinquishes the object's lock.)
The notifyAll
method should be called for an object only when the current thread has already locked the object's lock. Every thread in the wait set for the object is removed from the wait set and re-enabled for thread scheduling. (Of course, those threads will not be able to proceed until the current thread relinquishes the object's lock.)
Contents | Prev | Next | Index | Java Language Specification Second Edition |


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I'm a HUGE fan of Pinterest and if you're not following me there yet be sure to check out my profile. Pinterest is great for recipes, home decor, misc tips and great products! What's even better than a place full of great images that you can save to read later are ones that provide you with great ways to save money from $5 Dinners, Thrifty Decor Chick and more!
Coupons.com has put together an article titled "13 Pinterest Power Users Guaranteed to Save You Money". Be sure to check out this great article and start following these awesome pinners.
Pinterest can be useful for inspiring your artsy-craftsy side. But in addition to the many creative food, decor and party ideas that it provides, the site can also save you money. Here are a few power pinners whose sole purpose is to help make your life a little less expensive.
1. $5 Dinners:
Page Link: http://pinterest.com/5dollardinners/
Followers: 10,476
Erin Chase, better known as the $5 Dinner Mom, is a popular Pinterest personality that is all about cooking on a budget. From budget-friendly recipes to cooking for food allergies to pinning about money-saving classes, this fun page is brimming with ways to be fat and happy, on the cheap.
2. Mom Advice:
Page Link: http://pinterest.com/momadvice/
Followers: 75,917
As the author of The Good Life for Less and founder of Mom Advice, Amy Clark clearly knows a thing or two about saving money. With over 75,000 followers, her page is a popular space for tips on money management, upcycling and decorating a cheap, chic home.
3. Coupons.com:
Page Link: http://pinterest.com/couponscom/
Followers: 7,803
To be fair, it wouldn't be a complete list of money-saving power pinners unless we threw our own name into the hat—after all, it's what we do. With printable coupons and coupon codes that are updated daily, we are proud to say that our brimming boards of dollar-saving ideas, tips, advice and DIY craft ideas are some of the most helpful money-saving tools you'll find online.
4. Thrifty Decor Chick:
Page Link: http://pinterest.com/thriftydecor/
Followers: 45,898
It's all too easy to spend a bundle on decorating your home. Yes, you can save by shopping at IKEA, but if you want to be at all unique, decorating by way of the designers can really add up. With that in mind, the Thrifty Décor Chick is a power pinner that has made a name for herself by sharing simple, inexpensive ways to decorate your home because she believes "your home should be your haven and it shouldn't cost a fortune to make it that way."
5. Fabulessly Frugal:
Page Link: http://pinterest.com/fabfrugal/
Followers: 16,227
Although the name is a dead giveaway, Fabulessly Frugal is a Pinterest power pinner that aims to empower people to save money with a variety of educational boards. You can learn about couponing, get budget recipes, find DIY homemade cleaning products, discover online deals and freebies, plus learn about freezer meals, canning and preserving—everything you need to live a frugal yet fabulous life.
6. Upcycled:
Page Link:http://pinterest.com/compai/upcycled/
Followers: 1,129,861
Of course, saving money isn't just about using coupons for discounts on new goods. It's also about limiting your expenditures on new items by making the most of your old stuff. Specializing in this very thing, Upcycled is an extremely creative Pinterest board by Justina Blakeney, a designer and stylist, that has endless ideas of how to repurpose your old items and transform them into new, useful and free wares.
7. Freebies 4 Mom:
Page Link: http://pinterest.com/freebies4mom/
Followers: 13,171
Taking the empathetic approach to her thriftiness, Heather Hernandez and her Freebies 4 Mom page are all about sharing freebies because "you deserve freebies!" With an impressive 88 boards and 3,556 pins and counting, Hernandez is one of the more active pinners in the group. With clearly marked boards of freebies, prizes, deals and giveaways, she's clearly succeeding in her mission to help you save.
8. Raining Hot Coupons:
Page Link: http://pinterest.com/rainingcoupons/
Followers: 10,721
In addition to having one of the more creative names of the bunch, Raining Hot Coupons is also a great Pinterest page for all kinds of money-saving coupons, freebies, deals, recipes, DIY boards, "frugal tips" and much more. This is a light-hearted pinner with some great ideas!
9. Heidi at The Frugal Girls:
Page Link:http://pinterest.com/frugalgirls/
Followers: 124,064
Heidi, at The Frugal Girls, has amassed an extremely impressive batch of Pinterest followers (124,000+) because she has become an abundant resource for great money-saving ideas. Ultimately, her page does more than just talk about saving money on your meals. She also has boards for the frugal fashionista, saving on weddings and honeymoons, "travel tips + tricks" and even copycat restaurant recipes that'll have you cooking your favorite restaurant meals at home without the expense of dining out.
10. Repurpose Reuse:
Page Link:http://pinterest.com/nurturenature/repurpose-reuse/
Followers: 5,155
Floating in the same vein as the Upcycled board above, the Repurpose Reuse Pinterest board by the Nurture Nature Project draws ideas from Inhabitat.com, Treehugger.com and Recycleart.com to create an informative board (with no eco-snobbery) that will help you save money by repurposing and reusing everyday items to craft new and unique creations.
11. We're Used to Reusing:
Page Link:http://pinterest.com/wholefoods/we-re-used-to-reusing/
Followers: 88,453
While this might not be a traditional "power pinner" account, the We're Used to Reusing page is a power board with multiple contributors, all for the cause of saving money by way of reusing. In the end, this page bleeds creativity and it's refreshing to see so many fresh, frugal perspectives.
12. Budget Savvy Diva:
Page Link: http://pinterest.com/budgetsavvydiva/
Followers: 257,239
Hailing from the Great Northwest, the Budget Savvy Diva from Portland, OR, is our final Pinterest source for helping you save money. Offering Cyber Monday deals (all year round), affordable crock pot recipes, frugal gift cards and many other budget friendly tips, the Budget Savvy Diva lives up to her name.
13. KitchMe:
Page Link: http://pinterest.com/kitchme/
Followers: 2,209
Last but not least, we'd like to highlight just one final high-value page with some great tips for preparing delicious meals with big-time grocery savings. Yes, brought to you by yours truly, KitchMe is brimming with easy, fast recipes that both your family and your bank account will love.
We hope you've enjoyed learning about these Pinterest power pinners that can save you money. But it shouldn't end here! All of these pinners are extremely active and by following them, you can continue to save and save and save.
Disclosure: This a sponsored post. Monetary compensation was received in exchange for this posting.


text:
It sits silent on its tires, but with character and attitude — lean and mean, all business. A fighter. This 'California Bruiser' was created by customizer Michael McDonald, who had virtually a free hand to cook up a masterpiece for an appreciative celebrity-chef owner, Tyler Florence.
Michael McDonald, the builder -"51 going on 15," as he puts it, originally from San Diego; learned to love motorcycles at his father's knee, starting at age five. He has created seven ground-up custom bikes since 2008. McDonald is the Service Manager and Special Projects Coordinator at Hattar Motorsports (soon to become Marin Speedshop) where they "cater to individuals who want a unique, personalized bike." McDonald's earlier motorcycle art includes his $140,000 NCR Ducati and a gorgeous Triumph Scrambler-based street-tracker, its power raised from 39.4 horsepower on the dyno to 100-plus.
Tyler Florence, the customer/celebrity chef – 41, got hooked on cooking as a boy in South Carolina, and eventually opened restaurants in San Francisco, Napa and Marin. He also hosts a show on the Food Network. Both Tyler and Michael now call Marin County home. Each worked for years, each establishing his reputation, each without knowing the other, until they came together a year ago to create a unique and beautiful motorcycle based around a modern Hinckley Triumph Bonneville T100.
According to McDonald, "Tyler gave me essentially free rein to pursue my concept, based on our meeting of the minds."
Tyler Florence: passion, intensity
He seems affable and easygoing but this passionate, intense man wants to live fully, as exemplified by a voracious appetite for inventing signature food. "I was captivated by motorcycles going back to my boyhood. They looked to me like birds in flight. The freedom, the control, the connection between machine and body, reached out to me."
On creating his Triumph: "This [project] haunted me for a decade, based on my idea of one of one. When I get a vision I have to get it out there. I met Michael McDonald in Napa and I started from minute one to think about having him do something special for me, based on the '50s and '60s café racers. We took my T100, whose stance and attitude I liked, and kept taking off pieces until we had captured its essence, then built it back up as the one-off hybrid you see here — the tank, the bars, the tail, a machine that wouldn't be instantly recognizable, a bike that provoked questions, a unique road spirit, unlike chromed-out American bikes. I like to work with teams of bright people. Michael McDonald and [tank-builder] Evan Wilcox were the right team."
So, here are the ingredients that make up this customized T100 . . . a bike baked to perfection:
- Take one new Bonneville T100, keep the frame and stock engine, remove everything else.
- Ceramic-tape wrap the pipes for scale, and fit Norton Commando 'peashooter' tail pipes.
- Re-valve the forks and use Öhlins' few-off ATV race shocks at the back.
- Install a 17" front wheel (vs. the stock 19").
- Design and install 'button' switches within the bars.
- Find a 1970s-style tank, based on the legendary Slippery Sam Trident (a consecutive '72-'75 TT title winner), reshaped by Ukiah's brilliant Evan Wilcox.
- Dig up original Triumph (logo) tank nameplates.
- Have Wilcox hammer out a steel tail based on Ducati's 750 Supersport bevel-head.
- Find the perfect tail light (clue: See that boat trailer, in traffic, with clever little rear lights? Now scour boat shops until you find one).
- Marinate the freshly sanded steel tank and tail section in a 15-gallon tub of balsamic vinegar—five hours, 150F.
- Remove, wash and dry the tank and tail to 'cure' for two hours.
- Dunk for another two hours to 'fix' the correct patina of an old chef's knife blade.
- Clear-coat and install tank and tail (with appropriate leather seat).
- Under the headlight, fit a quickly detachable leather pouch.
- Fit side number plates — '8' — celebrating Tyler's daughter Dorothy, born 8-8-08 at 8:00 a.m.


text:
Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more.
Santerica Davis, Administrative Assistant with the Housing and Community Development Department
Show All Answers
Registered 501(c)(3) organizations in Athens-Clarke County that are currently operating a program offering:
Programs serving the indigent population in the following three areas:
Organizations may apply for funding in one of these areas or multiple areas.
A household is considered indigent if the household earns fifty percent or less of the Area Median Income (AMI). See chart below.
Friday, May 8, 2020.
All applications should be submitted as a USB flash drive AND through email.
The Review Committee will evaluate the applications based on the following criteria:
UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROJECT and proposed technical approach. Assesses whether the contractor has given sufficient evidence of having understood the requirements stated in the scope of work. Technical Approach. Assesses whether the contractor has proposed a solution that is technically feasible and achievable within the constraints of the scope of work. 40 points
PROJECT TEAM Management and Staffing Approach. Assesses contractor's ability to effectively manage personnel, provide experienced and qualified key personnel and respond rapidly to staffing requirements. Qualifications of Key Personnel. Assesses the ability of the contractor to hire, retain and train qualified technical personnel similar to those required for the task. 20 points
QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE of staff assigned to the projects. Experience on Similar Projects. Assesses whether contractor performed satisfactorily on similar projects regarding schedules, turnover rates, meeting costs and success in performing the work. Assess administrative ability to verify and document indigent status of program participants. 40 points
Dependent upon the size of the award, funding will be awarded in monthly installments.
The Mayor and Commission will vote to approve funding on June 2, 2020. Contracting will begin following the vote, and funds will be available once the contracting process is complete.
Between June 3, 2020 and August 31, 2020
The minimum kinds and amounts of insurance are:
Workers' Compensation – Contractors are required to comply with applicable Federal and Georgia State workers' compensation statutes. Policies covering Workers' Compensation liability shall provide coverage of statutory benefits and employers liability of at least $1,000,000 each accident; at least $1,000,000 each employee for disease and $1,000,000 policy limit for disease.
General Liability - $2,000,000 aggregate; $1,000,000 per occurrence; 50,000 fire damage; 5,000 medical expenses; 1,000,000 products completed operations; 1,000,000 personal and advertising injury or greater. Coverage should be on a per occurrence basis.
Automobile Liability – Automobile liability insurance shall be written on the comprehensive form of policy – Combined single limit of at least $1,000,000 to include Hired Autos and Non-owned Autos. The policy shall provide for bodily injury and property damage liability covering the operation of all automobiles used in connection with performing the contract.
Fidelity Bond or Commercial Crime Insurance Coverage pursuant to the following requirements:
The Certificate of Insurance evidencing required insurance shall contain an endorsement to the effect that any cancellation or any material change adversely affecting The Unified Government of Athens Clarke County's interest shall not be effective until 30 days after the insurer or the Contractor gives written notice to the Purchasing Administrator.
All coverages, including workers' compensation shall include a waiver of subrogation endorsement.
The Certificate of Insurance shall reference the proposal and project name as evidencing this requirement.
The Contractor shall insert the substance of this requirement, including this paragraph, in subcontracts under the contract that require work on The Unified Government of Athens-Clarke County property and shall require subcontractors to provide and maintain a copy of all subcontractors' proofs of required insurance, and shall make copies available to the Purchasing Administrator upon request."
The following persons or entities are to be listed on the Contractor's general liability policy of insurance as additional insureds:
i. Unified Government of Athens-Clarke County, Georgia
Funded agencies will be required to submit reports biweekly on expenditures, number of people served, and general description of services.
Due to the Georgia Constitution's "Establishment Clause," ACCGov is prohibited from directly funding religious organizations with our local funds. All recipients of "Indigent Services" funds/Resiliency Package funds must be able to sign an affidavit certifying that they are not a religious or sectarian organization. If you have questions about your organization's status, please contact Hayley Banerjee at firstname.lastname@example.com.
No, financial assistance is not an eligible activity for these local funds.


text:
- You are viewing a Navigating Care library resource.
- Go to Library
Drug Information
- Common uses
- How to take the medication
- Common side effects
- Precautions & interactions
How Afatinib works, side effects, interactions and precautions.
(a fa' ti nib)
Brand Name(s): , Gilotrif®
WHY is this medicine prescribed?
Afatinib is used to treat certain types of non-small cell lung cancer that has spread to nearby tissues or to other parts of the body. Afatinib is in a class of medications called kinase inhibitors. It works by blocking the action of a certain naturally occurring substance that may be needed to help cancer cells multiply.
Are there OTHER USES for this medicine?
This medication may be prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
HOW should this medicine be used?
Afatinib comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken on an empty stomach once a day, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating a meal or snack. Take afatinib at around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take afatinib exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.
Your doctor may temporarily or permanently stop your treatment or decrease the dose if you experience serious side effects of afatinib. Talk to your doctor about how you are feeling during your treatment.
Continue to take afatinib even if you feel well. Do not stop taking afatinib without talking to your doctor.
Ask your pharmacist or doctor for a copy of the manufacturer's information for the patient.
What SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS should I follow?
Before taking afatinib,
- tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to afatinib, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in afatinib tablets. Ask your pharmacist for a list of the ingredients.
- tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, and nutritional supplements you are taking or plan to take. Be sure to mention any of the following: amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone); certain antifungal medications such as itraconazole (Sporanox) and ketoconazole (Nizoral); cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune); erythromycin (E.E.S., Erythrocin, others); certain medications for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) such as nelfinavir (Viracept), ritonavir (Norvir, in Kaletra), and saquinavir (Invirase); certain medications for seizures such as carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Equetro, Tegretol), phenobarbital, and phenytoin (Dilantin); quinidine (in Nuedexta); rifampin (Rimactane, Rifadin, in Rifater); tacrolimus (Prograf); and verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan). Many other medications may also interact with afatinib, so be sure to tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking, even those that do not appear on this list. Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.
- tell your doctor what herbal products you are taking, especially St. John's wort.
- tell your doctor if you are of Asian descent or have or have ever had lung or breathing problems (other than lung cancer); eye problems, including dry eyes; heart problems; liver or kidney disease; or any other medical condition. Also, tell your doctor if you wear contact lenses.
- tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. You should not become pregnant while you are taking afatinib and for at least 2 weeks after your treatment. Talk to your doctor about birth control methods that you can use during your treatment. If you become pregnant while taking afatinib, call your doctor immediately. Afatinib may harm the fetus.
- tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding. You should not breast-feed while you are taking afatinib.
- plan to avoid unnecessary or prolonged exposure to sunlight and to wear protective clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen. Afatinib may make your skin sensitive to sunlight. Exposure to sunlight increases the risk that you will develop a rash or acne during your treatment with afatinib.
What SPECIAL DIETARY instructions should I follow?
Unless your doctor tells you otherwise, continue your normal diet.
What should I do IF I FORGET to take a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if it is less than 12 hours before you are scheduled to take your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
What SIDE EFFECTS can this medicine cause?
Afatinib may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:
- cracking or swelling of the lips or sores in the corners of the mouth
- dry skin or itching
- loss of appetite
- nail infection
- acne
- nose bleeds
Some side effects can be serious. If you experience any of these symptoms or those listed in the IMPORTANT WARNING section, stop taking afatinib and call your doctor immediately or get emergency medical treatment:
- diarrhea
- dry mouth, dark urine, decreased sweating, dry skin, and other signs of dehydration
- decreased urination
- swelling of the arms, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs
- rash
- pain, redness, peeling, or blistering of skin
- difficulty breathing
- shortness of breath
- rapid, irregular, or pounding heartbeat
- sudden weight gain
- cough
- fever
- excessive tiredness
- pain in the right upper part of the stomach
- unusual bruising or bleeding
- nausea
- vomiting
- yellowing of the skin or eyes
- dark urine
- red, swollen, painful, or teary eyes
- sudden changes in vision, including blurred vision
- sensitivity to light
Afatinib may cause other side effects. Call your doctor if you have any unusual problems while taking this medication.
If you experience a serious side effect, you or your doctor may send a report to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program online ([WEB]) or by phone (1-800-332-1088).
What should I know about STORAGE and DISPOSAL of this medication?
Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from light, excess heat, and moisture (not in the bathroom).
Unneeded medications should be disposed of in special ways to ensure that pets, children, and other people cannot consume them. However, you should not flush this medication down the toilet. Instead, the best way to dispose of your medication is through a medicine take-back program. Talk to your pharmacist or contact your local garbage/recycling department to learn about take-back programs in your community. See the FDA's Safe Disposal of Medicines website ([WEB]) for more information if you do not have access to a take-back program.
It is important to keep all medication out of sight and reach of children as many containers (such as weekly pill minders and those for eye drops, creams, patches, and inhalers) are not child-resistant and young children can open them easily. To protect young children from poisoning, always lock safety caps and immediately place the medication in a safe location – one that is up and away and out of their sight and reach. [WEB]
What should I do in case of OVERDOSE?
In case of overdose, call the poison control helpline at 1-800-222-1222. Information is also available online at [WEB]. If the victim has collapsed, had a seizure, has trouble breathing, or can't be awakened, immediately call emergency services at 911.
Symptoms of overdose may include:
- nausea
- vomiting
- weakness
- dizziness
- headache
- stomach pain
What OTHER INFORMATION should I know?
Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Your doctor will order certain lab tests to check your body's response to afatinib.
It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies.
This report on medications is for your information only, and is not considered individual patient advice. Because of the changing nature of drug information, please consult your physician or pharmacist about specific clinical use.
The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. represents that the information provided hereunder was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformity with professional standards in the field. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. makes no representations or warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to such information and specifically disclaims all such warranties. Users are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy are complex medical decisions requiring the independent, informed decision of an appropriate health care professional, and the information is provided for informational purposes only. The entire monograph for a drug should be reviewed for a thorough understanding of the drug's actions, uses and side effects. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. does not endorse or recommend the use of any drug. The information is not a substitute for medical care.
AHFS® Patient Medication Information™. © Copyright, 2023. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists®, 4500 East-West Highway, Suite 900, Bethesda, Maryland. All Rights Reserved. Duplication for commercial use must be authorized by ASHP.
Selected Revisions: February 15, 2017.


text:
Every year I think I say that it was the worst year for films ever, and 2007 was no exception. Surprisingly, when I went through the releases from the past 12 months I was able to come up with more than 10 that I liked, although the prevalence of documentaries is starting to alarm me (watching reality television, reading nothing but biographies and now this?). So without further ado, here are my movie picks for 2007:
ADDENDUM: Because MovieWeb provided (what turns out to be) an incomplete list of all of the year's releases, I forgot to mention the gay hustler romantic comedy "Boy Culture," which definitely makes my list of faves. Read the various things I've written about it here.
Honorable mentions:
Haven't seen yet: "No Country for Old Men," "There Will Be Blood," "The Kite Runner" and "Michael Clayton"


text:
California Courthouse Projects Adjust to Budget Squeeze
Court Facilities Working Group Seeks Remedies to Shrinking Budget
SAN FRANCISCO — Dozens of California courthouse construction projects will move forward despite significant funding reductions to the state's judicial branch.
Facing funding shortfalls, 38 projects currently in the pipeline — ranging in scope from a new Central San Diego courthouse with 71 courtrooms to the renovation of one courtroom in the San Joaquin County Juvenile Justice Center — will proceed with reduced budgets, but plans for new facilities in Alpine County's Markleeville and Sierra County's Downieville have been cancelled.
State Grabs Cash from Pocket of Judicial Branch
Senate Bill 1407, signed into law in September 2008, designated judicial branch revenues to fund up to $5 billion in lease-revenue bonds to finance 41 new construction and renovation projects. The bill created a revenue stream from court fees, penalties, and assessments to finance courthouse construction and renovations, ensuring that the projects would be paid for from within the judicial branch rather than from the state's general fund.
The state legislature's FY 2011–2012 Budget Act, however, permanently redirected $310 million in SB 1407 funds to the General Fund. All told, more than $500 million in SB 1407 facility funding was swept to the general fund, borrowed, or redirected for court operations in 2011 and since 2009 that figure is more than $1.1 billion.
"It's considerable, and we really hope that we don't lose any more because the infrastructure is so key — in terms of access, handicap access, disability access, seismic problems that many of these courthouses have, security problems that many of them have — that we just can't paper over by modifications. Our modification budget is not enough either. We are finding that some of our worst courthouses are really safety risks, and we need to move forward with those projects," says Brad R. Hill, Administrative Presiding Justice of the Court of Appeal, Fifth Appellate District.
In response to the funding losses, Chief Justice Tani Cantil-Sakauye last July formed the 25-member Court Facilities Working Group (CFWG) — chaired by Justice Hill — to provide ongoing oversight of the statewide program that maintains, renovates, and rebuilds courthouses. In December, the Judicial Council approved the Cost Reductions in Facilities Program developed by the CFWG.
Cost Reduction Measures
The cancellation of the Markleeville and Downieville projects — both new one-courtroom courthouses — will save more than $50 million.
"Both of those courthouse are, quite frankly, inadequate," said Hill. "But in this economic environment, given their caseloads, population, and a variety of factors that we looked at, we just couldn't support building a brand-new courthouse. That doesn't mean we won't be looking at various modifications and improvements within their existing courthouses to make them more safe, secure, and better suited for the public. But we couldn't just buy a brand-new courthouse."
The construction budgets of the remaining SB 1407 projects will be cut by two percent, which will result in a total estimated budget reduction of $46 million. Implementing an owner-controlled insurance program will save an additional two percent. The CFWG also formed a courthouse cost reduction subcommittee, which will review each project for ways to further reduce costs without compromising safety or security.
"What we're doing is cutting across the board, and then we are looking for additional cuts," said Hill.
The plan allows most projects to proceed as scheduled, although six will be delayed until the start of the 2012–2013 fiscal year on July 1, when revenue collected in the courts should again be available in the account that funds courthouse construction.
"The timing is just altered a little bit on a few," said Hill.
Decentralized Approach to Maintenance
In addition to construction projects, the CFWG also reviewed funding for courthouse maintenance and modifications, and is revamping its maintenance list to get a more accurate assessment of statewide facility needs. Repair funding was cut 40 percent this fiscal year to $30 million.
A working group is investigating a decentralized approach to maintenance and preparing a pilot project.
"The pilot project would be decentralizing it from the AOC to the local courts to the extent that we can get proper funding for maintenance and facility modifications, and to the extent that the local courts can do it, and to the extent that the local courts wish to do it," said Hill. "We are doing the pilot project to see how it will work and whether there are any bugs that we need to work on before, in essence, throwing it open to all of the courts having the opportunity to provide their own maintenance."
The pilot project involves courts of various sizes from throughout the state and not only large courts that are capable of successful independent maintenance from the outset, said Hill. The range will help group "get a feel of what can and cannot be done," he explained.
Cautious Optimism Looking Forward
More cuts to the facilities' budgets are not out of the question at this point, and it is difficult to anticipate what next year will bring.
"We sincerely hope that the worst is behind us, but we just don't know," says Hill.
Meanwhile, the CFWG's primary mission over the next four to five months will be the construction cost-saving initiative and finding savings beyond the two percent across-the-board cuts.
"That will be Number One," says Hill. "Just seeing what we can do in terms of saving money, looking at courthouse projects and seeing what we can come up with."
Hill is optimistic the approach to cost cutting will be successful.
"Things are going well and, I think, in the right direction," he says. "Judicial oversight is at its best when you have a lot of judges on the ground working to make the program a better program. We have an enthusiastic group of judges and court administrators, so things are going well."


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ForumsNewsToodledo Redesign - July 2011 - Part 2
Toodledo Redesign - July 2011 - Part 2
Author | Message |
Jake Toodledo Founder |
Wow. Thanks for all the positive feedback from yesterday's launch of our redesign. We are very glad that the majority of people are positive about the new look.
We have been taking it all in and prioritizing everything and we've been working hard over the last 24 hours. We have just released a few bug fixes and tweaks that will address many of the common complaints that we have heard already. Here is what has just been fixed. 1) Fixed the bug where some browsers would only print the first page of tasks. 2) Fixed the bug with Internet Explorer 9 where it would add extra line spaces into notes when editing 3) Fixed the bug where the default due-date or start-date wasn't working for the QuickAdd feature. 4) Fixed the bug where some defaults where not reset properly when using the Add Task form and switching between views. 5) When a Notebook is being edited and you attempt to leave the page, it will prompt you to save the changes before leaving. 6) Optimized the folders/contexts/goals pages to not display confusing information when you didn't have any folders/contexts/goals yet. 7) Hovering your mouse over a long folder name in the left sidebar will now popup a box that shows the complete name 8) Adjusted the position of the right label when viewing your list in multi-line mode. 9) Implemented a work around for bad browser plugins that were causing Toodledo to work incorrectly. 10) Implemented better browser plugin detection code. Toodledo will warn you when you are using a browser plugin that might interfere with the website. 11) Put a counter at the bottom of lists that shows the total number of tasks displayed in that list. Please keep the feedback and bug reports coming via support tickets and questions in the Questions forum. This thread gets too full for us to directly answer questions here. Thanks, Jake |
Salgud |
So, what'd you guys do with the rest of your day? :)
Just printed a long task list from FF5, and still only printing the on screen portion of the list, and still in a 6pt font. This message was edited Jul 27, 2011. |
ati ati |
First of all: Great job. It's much better than the old design.
Not sure whether you want suggestions(?) However, I have some: When in Grid format, it would be great to have the head of the whole task table always visible (especially when scroling down). This would be also great with the multi-line format. You wrote in the first part that you tried to minimize the "cost". When trying to change e.g. the context of a task one has to click on the current context, then click again to see the dropdown menu with the other contexts to choose. Why click again? PS: Firefox 5 on Windows 7 PS2: When searching for a Task and finding it, I cannot expand it to see its subtasks. This message was edited Jul 27, 2011. |
paul |
I'm sure things are pretty busy at the home office. Great work.
While we are looking at layout, why the extra space under a nested subtask. Breaks up the list and is confusing for the eyes (mine at least). Cheers. |
sallers |
Amazing update. Is there a keyboard shortcut for Quick Add similar to "f" for setting the cursor focus on the Quick Search?
Thanks! |
Jeff |
That new design is so professional. I just love it. I don't feel like i am in the cartoons anymore!! yeahhh!!
mikekorner |
Posted by Salgud:
Just printed a long task list from FF5, and still only printing the on screen portion of the list, and still in a 6pt font. I still have the same problem in Windows 7 with Firefox 3.6.18. Clues: I even logged off Toodledo and restarted Firefox. |
piyush_soni |
The browser plugin detection is a very good idea, but I don't think it's working perfectly. For example, I had one of the Stylish styles installed in my Firefox. It messes up the format, but Toodledo doesn't recognize that. It gives me this plugin warning only when I disable Stylish instead, when this warning is not needed at all ...
david.loeffler |
Was pleasantly surprised by the UI update. Great work. Thanks!
sprouty76 |
That's sorted all of the issues I'd noticed (including one not actually mentioned above - clicking the Tasks tab while i the scheduler didn't take you back to your tasks, but it works now)
Cheers |
brigten |
I like the new interface, but have to important points:
1. We need to get back tag management. I have tag I have to delete and I cant't find a way to do this now with the new interface. HELP, anyone. 2. Elements that are not text, ie. the icons to the left of task should be in lighter colours. At the moment they are generating a bit of visusla noize... |
roberts.s.p |
Please please bring back hiding of the sidebar. It would greatly reduce clutter and add clarity. I like to have a list of tasks in my face and nothing else. The simplicity of having a table of tasks which can be extensively sorted and filtered is what brought me to Toodledo. Once I have my task list filtered and sorted as I need it to be that never gets changed. So I don't need the side bar constantly present.
zqasdf |
The redesigned is bad than before,not because I is not familiar.
1.the number of search results is not appeared 2.the color is not comfortable 3.when export,can not make "txt" style,or mistake 4.the redisign of "calendar" is failing |
darkpollo |
Thanks for this new design.
It was the only bad thing about toodledo, now this is the perfect tool. Thanks |
sprouty76 |
Now the folders are listed in the sidebar, it'd be cool if we could drag them around in there to re-order them. Just a thought :)
Actually, thinking about it a little more, all of the remaining (i.e. renaming, archiving, making public) current edit folders functionality could be moved into a popup menu next to the folder name in the sidebar. Same for contexts etc. This message was edited Jul 28, 2011. |
andy_pfeiffer |
At first glance, the new design is really nice.
The only request, however, is a colour scheme other than grey. The best solution IMO would be a choice of different colour schemes. Thankyou =) |
Simon |
In general I like it - although I do feel that I get less tasks on a page than I used to.
My only comment is this: I tend to use a relatively narrow browser window. With the old system, I could close the rarely-used sidebar on the left and fit everything nicely. Now there doesn't seem to be any way to close this sidebar, and it would be far less useful to do so because it's much more frequently-used, so the site is a little less friendly to relatively narrow browsers. EDIT: FWIW, quick search now has a considerably higher "cost" than it used to. Now I have to move my mouse down to the bottom of the window and scroll all the way to the right, before moving the mouse back up to the search box to click in it. I realise that the world has headed to people doing things maximised on 14:9 screens, but some future thought for smaller widths would be appreciated :-) This message was edited Jul 28, 2011. |
mark.ellens |
+1 for an option to minimise the sidebar.
ScottMNC |
Thanks for the rapid response to our feedback!!
I am definitely liking the new design more as I use it. One more thing I noticed is that my "delegated" tasks do not show up on my task list unless I check "Show:deferred". I don't know if this is a bug or if I'm doing something wrong. I consider delegated tasks (assigned to others) as something different than deferred tasks (put off until later date). Any advice? |
dwitkin |
From another poster: "Please please bring back hiding of the sidebar. It would greatly reduce clutter and add clarity."
Agreed - I like the new design, but being able to minimize the sidebar was a significant advantage. Strongly request you re-institute this capability. |
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Faced with a shortage of obstetricians and gynecologists and nurse midwives, several states are considering proposals that advocates say would improve healthcare for women.
But with the female population of the United States and number of babies born here projected to increase sharply over the next decade and beyond, scholars and medical organizations say more dramatic changes are needed to ensure that the medical needs of American women are met.
One possibility: easing restrictions on nurse midwives, who attend to labor and delivery and also provide routine primary and gynecological care for women of all ages. Other steps under consideration include offering financial incentives to encourage more medical professionals to specialize in maternal health care and to encourage them to locate in regions with extreme shortages, particularly in rural areas.
"It's very simple," said William Rayburn, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of New Mexico who has written on maternal health issues. "Our population is continuing to grow faster than we are producing ob-gyns."
Nearly half the counties in the U.S. don't have a single obstetrician/gynecologist and 56 percent are without a nurse midwife, according to the American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM).
"There are women in California who have to drive hours in order to see an ob-gyn," said California Assemblywoman Autumn Burke, a Democrat.
The workforce shortage can have dangerous consequences, and may help explain why a relatively high percentage of American women die as a result of pregnancy, said Eugene Declercq, a professor of community health sciences at Boston University who has studied the ob-gyn workforce.
Burke is author of a bill in the California Legislature that would remove the requirement that nurse midwives practice under the supervision of doctors, a change that supporters say would boost maternal health services in underserved areas. There is a similar effort in North Carolina, and many other states have adopted those reforms over the last decade.
As restrictions have been lifted, the numbers of nurse midwives has risen. The number of nurse midwives has grown by 30 percent since 2012, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. But their overall numbers remain low, with about 11,200 in the whole country. There are about 20,000 ob-gyns.
Meanwhile, the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) is pushing measures in the U.S. Congress that would provide financial incentives to encourage medical school graduates to go into the field.
But even that may not be enough. By ACOG's estimate, the U.S. will have between 6,000 and 8,800 fewer ob-gyns than needed by the year 2020 and a shortage of possibly 22,000 by the year 2050.
Demographic Shifts
The number of women in the United States is expected to climb by nearly 18 percent between 2010 and 2030, and, with it, the number of births. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recorded 3.9 million births in 2014 and projects that number will rise steadily in the years to come, reaching about 4.2 million births a year by the year 2030.
The number of medical school graduates going into obstetrics and gynecology residency programs has remained steady since 1980, with about 1,205 residents entering the specialty each year, according to Thomas Gellhaus, ACOG's president.
Most ob-gyns over age 55 are men. But women are almost equal in number in the 45-54 age group and outnumber men at the younger end of the profession. In 2013, more than four out of five first-year ob-gyns were women.
That's important, Gellhaus said, because female ob-gyns retire about 10 years earlier than their male counterparts and often prefer part-time schedules.
At the same time, Gellhaus and others familiar with workforce issues say, both women and men entering the field are less inclined to make themselves available around-the-clock in the way older practitioners did.
"The traditional model was that ob-gyns made this extraordinary commitment," said Boston University's Declercq. "I'll be there for you, pre-natal, delivery and post-delivery. Women patients loved it, but today's obs are looking for a better balance in their lives and don't want to make that kind of sacrifice in their lives and their families' lives."
Those shifting attitudes have given rise to the growing use of "laborists" — ob-gyns or nurse midwives who do nothing but attend labor and deliveries in the hospital. That model leaves ob-gyns with time to concentrate on other maternal health issues. More than 250 hospitals now have a laborist on staff.
Another factor is the growing number of doctors entering obstetrics and gynecology who are choosing subspecialties such as gynecologic oncology, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, and female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery, further reducing the number available for routine maternal preventive care and normal deliveries. According to ACNM, 7 percent of ob-gyns residents entered a subspecialty in 2000. By 2012, the percentage had grown to 19.5 percent.
To help address the shortage, ACOG and other physicians' groups are supporting congressional proposals to increase the number of medical residencies by 15,000 positions over a five-year period, with half of those designated for medical specialties in short supply, including ob-gyns.
The federal government spends about $15 billion a year on medical residency education, most of it by way of Medicare, the health plan for the elderly, and Medicaid, the state-federal partnership health plan for lower income Americans. It now funds about 30,000 residency positions a year.
Another proposal backed by ACOG would have the federal government designate obstetrical shortage areas in the country as it currently does with primary care, mental health and dental services. That would make ob-gyns and nurse midwives eligible for financial help with their education debts from the National Health Service Corps.
At least one state, Wisconsin, has begun an initiative to address the shortage. Starting next year, the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine will designate one resident in obstetrics and gynecology who will do at least a quarter of his or her training in rural areas with too few maternal health providers.
"The goal is to give them experience in these underserved areas because residents who train in certain settings are likely to locate their practices in similar settings," said Ellen Hartenbach, an ob-gyn professor and residency program director at the Wisconsin medical school.
The program is the first to train ob-gyns in underserved areas, she said, and it has already attracted interest from medical schools elsewhere in the country.
Bigger Role for Midwives?
Nurse midwives see themselves as part of the solution to the shortage of maternal health services, but they face some legislative hurdles if they are going to play a greater role.
Nurse midwives are registered nurses who also complete an accredited graduate school course of study in midwifery. Licensed (or its equivalent) in all 50 states, nurse midwives are trained in all areas of maternal health, usually can prescribe and administer medications, and they deliver babies, almost exclusively in hospitals or birthing centers. (Another class of midwives, called "certified professional midwives," perform home births in the U.S., but they are licensed or statutorily authorized in only 29 states.)
In half the states, nurse midwives are permitted to practice independently.
But 25 states require them to practice under the supervision of a doctor or in collaborative arrangements with doctors. But the ACNM and its state affiliates have complained for years that many doctors are unwilling to take on midwives, denying women access to these maternal health care providers.
While ACOG opposes the restrictions on nurse midwives, other physician organizations, including the American Medical Association and many of its state affiliates, have continued to insist that doctor supervision of nurse midwives is essential to patient health.
In North Carolina, where 31 of 100 counties do not have an ob-gyn, nurse midwives must have signed supervisory agreements with a doctor in order to practice. Nurse midwives are fighting a legislative battle to remove the restrictions.
Suzanne Wertman, president of the state chapter of the ACNM, said few doctors are willing to enter into such arrangements because they regard the nurse midwives as competition or can't afford the steep increases in their medical malpractice premiums such agreements would require.
John Thorp, Jr. a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of North Carolina agreed that malpractice concerns discourage doctors from entering into those supervisory agreements with nurse midwives.
The ACNM says state Medicaid programs should pay nurse midwives at the same rate they pay doctors for performing the same services, and states should require hospitals to offer nurse midwives the same clinical and staff privileges, including hospital admitting privileges that they extend to physicians.
There is precedent for nurse midwives to play a larger role. In the U.S., physicians deliver 90 percent of the babies. But in other countries, midwives attend the majority of births. In England, for example, over half of deliveries are performed by midwiveswhile ob-gyns concentrate on patients with higher risk pregnancies.
"That model has proven to work," Declercq said, "and it just makes sense."


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dry white / wheat breadd
I make the etheral air bread which tastes great but the family is telling me it's dry and breaks apart to easily and is really good for toast only. I make it per recipe with exception to insted of egg whites i use the whole egg and i substitiute 2 cups whole wheat out of 8 white. It kneads great not too dry not too wet. Should I be mixing it so it is more shaggy during the kneading prosses? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks,


text:
What exercises would be in a complete, but minimalist, general fitness workout? This would include strength, conditioning, and mobility. I am looking for the quickest workout using the fewest, simplest exercises.
I expect that it will focus on exercises that activate a lot of different muscles.
Any equipment necessary should be minimal as well, but anything--kettlebells, barbells, bodyweight exercises--is valid.


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