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In California, as in most states, any election aftermath involves a wan hunt for silver linings. As always, it's hard to find them. Gays will have to book flights to Vermont and take up residence there, in the hopes of someday securing legal sanction for their unions. Prop 21 thundered through, set to criminalize future generations of errant teenagers. In tune with this freshet of Nazi laws, Governor Gray Davis has displayed his profound understanding of the separation of powers by announcing that "in interpreting the law I expect that [judges will] keep faith with the representations I made to the electorate."
The only silver lining we can find on the public menu to alleviate such horrors is the police scandal in Los Angeles, in which cops in the Rampart division have been caught in serious criminal conspiracies, including murder. Copdom is being afflicted by some awful PR, and this is all to the good. As with politicians and bureaucrats the more police scandals the better, to offset the endless flow of stories about how the triumph of "broken windows" theories of policing, plus "three strikes" in sentencing, have routed crime in America.
In fact, there's no convincing correlation between policing strategies and crime rates. Virtually the only link that holds up over the decades is the one between crime and unemployment. The more of the latter, the more of the former.
Last year we saw copdom taking it on the chin over the torture of Abner Louima in New York and the "driving while black" outrages. This year the running has been made by the Rampart scandal, which traces its specific origin to campaign pledges by Los Angeles Mayor Richard Riordan to hire more police. The cops who killed Diallo were similarly the consequence of a promised beef-up of the police force by Mayor Rudy Giuliani.
In Los Angeles the raw recruits were rushed into their blue uniforms and then into the streets, where a significant number of them lost no time in deciding that the skills required in police work involved the ability to lie, steal and murder those who displeased them. Los Angeles already faces lawsuit payments totaling $125 million on the first ninety-nine cases brought in connection with the Rampart division. Mayor Riordan's bright idea is to meet this bill and its successors by issuing bonds against the city's expected windfall of $300 million in tobacco-settlement money, originally earmarked for health care.
One of copdom's prime glorifiers down the years has been the former LAPD officer and writer Joseph Wambaugh, who used the March 8 Op-Ed page of the Los Angeles Times to announce that the Rampart scandal is being overblown and that the scandal is confined "to the outrageous conduct of a few bad cops out of a force of 9,000 good ones." The somewhat unfortunate parallel Wambaugh used to buttress this thesis was that of the My Lai massacre. Despite allegations that My Lai was but "the tip of the iceberg," Wambaugh writes, "there were no other massacres. My Lai was an aberration never seen again during all the years of that terrible war."
This is balderdash, but Wambaugh shows that he remembers accurately the PR triumph of My Lai, which is that careful news management by the Pentagon insured that the true story of the massacres, of which My Lai was but one, never emerged. Wambaugh harshly denounces LAPD chief Bernard Parks for insufficient skill in massaging the press into accepting the comfortable theory about the Rampart scandal that "this terrible event is not the tip of an iceberg. This is the iceberg."
Any opportunity to erode the Wambaugh-type sanctimonious puffery of copdom should be welcomed. More than one CounterPunch reader has responded with favorable comment on our comments (see Crzed Cops, Fallen Heroes" on this website) about the swelling absurdity of the "fallen hero" police funerals, designed to impress upon the public the dangers of police work (vastly exaggerated). Mark Didrickson, a lawyer in Vancouver, Washington, chides us for omitting mention of "the most extreme example of police funereal excess", which was the obsequies for a police dog killed while on duty in the Portland, Oregon, area.
We couldn't run that particular funeral down, but found several other news accounts of police dog interments. Typical was what the New York Daily News described in l998 as a "hero's funeral" in New Jersey involving Solo, a police dog. Solo was buried in a four-foot-long white casket decked with the US flag that was flying over the Washington, DC, Capitol the day he was shot while attempting to subdue a former Black Liberation Army member, Donald Bunting. (No difficulty in decoding the function of this ceremony, with Cops and Dogs united in the Great Chain of Being, against Evil.)
Atop Old Glory on Solo's casket were a string of dog biscuits and a wreath of flowers in the shape of Solo's face, painted brown. Other K-9 officers approached the coffin, ordering their dogs to sit while bagpipes and drums played "Amazing Grace." "What a beautiful thing it was for this animal to give up his life for us," proclaimed the Rev. Peter Cooke, chaplain of the state's Police Chiefs Association. "This creature of God gave up his life as a matter of love." Solo came from Germany, and at first understood commands only if issued in the German tongue.
There are plenty of cop-shoots-dog stories too. In raids the cops often lose no time in blazing away at Fido. In fact, copdom has taken another hit in the Bay Area for just such a fusillade. Alone at home on March 2,11-year-old Max Castro called the cops when he thought he heard an intruder. Two cops came and encountered Sidney, an Old English sheepdog, and Nicco, an Akita-German shepherd mix. Sidney tried to protect Max by nipping Officer Jennifer Dorantes in the backside, at which point her partner, rookie cop Julian Ng, hauled out his gun and fired. The bullet missed Sidney but passed through Max's knee and grazed Dorantes. Now Sidney and Nicco face the death penalty, due process in this instance being a hearing later this month into whether they were a "threat". The cops say Nicco might have "lunged", and that's why he's up for lethal injection as a co-conspirator.
All we need is George W. Bush at the execution to bring this year's dreary presidential campaign alive. CP


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Is there any statement directly about modular forms that is equivalent to the Riemann Hypothesis for L-functions?
What I'm thinking of is this: under the Mellin transform, the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s)$ corresponds to a modular form $f$ (of weight 1/2). The functional equation of $\zeta(s)$ follows from the transform equation of $f$. So what is the property of $f$ that would be equivalent to the (conjectural) property that all the non-trivial zeros of $\zeta(s)$ lie on the critical line? Or perhaps is there any statement about some family of modular forms that would imply RH for $\zeta(s)$?
@Hansen and @Anonymous: your answers are appreciated. I want to know why people almost never discuss this question, so even the answer that the question is not a good one is appreciated, provided it also gives a reason, like you did.
As Emerton suggested, I want to know whether RH could be stated for eigenforms directly, instead of the L-functions. I'm no expert in this field, but it seems to me that analytic properties of modular forms are easier to understand (than those of L-functions), so why not expressing RH in the space of modular forms and working with them?
@Anonymous: do you know of any readily accessible source for statements about families of modular forms that imply RH for zeta? I don't have access to MathSciNet.

subset: commoncrawl


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Two weeks after the Catholic University of America rejected the proposal for CUAllies, a student organization for LGBT students and their allies, the club's lead organizer says supporters have not conceded. Instead, they may push for a student-wide referendum to support the formation of an on-campus LGBT group.
The official reason given by university administrators to supporters of the club – which included 20 of the 23 members of the school's Student Association and representatives from multiple other campus student groups – for the rejection was that administrators fear such a group would become an advocacy organization.
But Ryan Fecteau, speaker of the Student Association at the D.C.-based university and the former director of the unsanctioned CUAllies, says that rationale fails to take into account repeated attempts – over a period of more than nine months – by LGBT students and supporters to allay administrators' fears by promising the organization would not actively promote causes that might be in conflict with Catholic Church with regard to homosexuality.
The school's decision was especially galling to supporters in light of the fact that Catholic University previously had an officially recognized gay and lesbian student organization, from 1988 to 2002, according to Fecteau.
Catholic University's decision contrasts with its fellow Catholic institution, the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, which announced in early December that the school planned to expand support for the campus LGBT community by, among other things, finally recognizing an official LGBT student organization. That Notre Dame request dates at least back to 1986.
The disparity between various Catholic institutions underscores the divergence of opinion, even among members of the same faith, on how best to respond to calls for more inclusivity and acceptance of LGBTQ people. Also in D.C., for example, Georgetown University, affiliated with Jesuit order of the Catholic Church, opened an LGBTQ Resource Center in 2008.
Responding to the rejection of CUAllies' application to become an officially recognized student group, Fecteau was surprised, particularly given the tone of conversations supporters had been having with administrators.
"In essence, this university denied CUAllies and LGBT students communion," Fecteau said in a statement released Dec. 7, a day after the organization was formally rejected. "They said to us that we are not valued enough to participate in this campus community, this faith community, this human community because of our sexual orientation."
As supporters of CUAllies awaited a decision on the status of the club, more than 30 student leaders, including Fecteau, signed and a letter to CUA President John Garvey in October, calling attention to the poor rating Catholic University received from the Princeton Review, placing sixth on the list of "Least LGBT-friendly Colleges." In that letter, the students encouraged Garvey to adopt some policies to make the campus more LGBT-friendly, including allowing the formation of a campus group similar to CUAllies.
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Arizona to Re-issue 5,000-Bed RFP
PHOENIX — The Arizona Department of Corrections plans to re-issue a Request for Proposals for the construction and management of 5,000 prison beds once officials revise state provisions governing private prison operations.
The DOC cancelled the original RFP in September in the wake of an investigation into security issues raised by the July escape of three inmates from the privately operated Arizona State Prison-Kingman — a 3,508-bed minimum- to medium-security complex operated by Utah-based firm Management and Training Corp. The department will issue the revised 5,000-bed RFP before the end of the year, officials say.
The original Arizona RFP resulted in bids from four firms. In addition to MTC, private prison firms Corrections Corporation of America, based in Nashville, Tenn.; Emerald Correctional Management Co., based in Lafayette, La.; and GEO Group, based in Boca Raton, Fla., submitted proposals.
The RFP cancellation and overhaul of provisions is designed "to ensure that private prison contractors can meet security and operational requirements and to eliminate or reduce unfavorable occurrences within Arizona's contracted private prisons," according to the findings of the investigation. The DOC has four other in-state private prisons under its jurisdiction — ASP-Central Arizona Correctional Facility, ASP-Florence-West, ASP-Marana, and ASP-Phoenix-West.
The revised RFP will include "additional safeguards, performance requirements, and compliance monitoring processes designed to ensure public safety," and require review by the Joint Legislative Budget Committee prior to issuance, according to the DOC.
For example, current DOC policies regarding private prison contracts do not include provisions requiring private prisons to provide employees with a means of reporting safety or security problems anonymously to facility management, contractor executives and the DOC. The department will amend future contracts to include such requirements, according to reports.
In the aftermath of the Kingman escape, the DOC immediately ceased inmate transfers to ASP-Kingman and launched a comprehensive review of all prison operations.
The moratorium will remain in place until MTC complies with the agency's policy and contractual requirements. For instance, the private prison operator is in the process of replacing the entire electronic security perimeter system at Kingman, which had been plagued with operational problems, while staff is being re-assigned and retrained, according to reports.
The department implemented an ongoing security assessment of the Kingman facility and DOC teams also conducted complete security assessments of the other four in-state private prisons. The agency also assessed perimeter fencing and security systems at all DOC-operated prisons throughout the state.
The post-escape security assessment and administrative investigation revealed significant security device and operational practice deficiencies associated predominantly with human error. The investigation also found DOC methods for contract administration and operational oversight measures for the Kingman facility were inadequate.
Security assessments of the other private prisons revealed the inspection/reporting procedures in-place "lacked specific accountability components to ensure compliance" and highlighted "failures to follow and/or enforce facility inspection policy requirements."
Although contractors are obligated to adhere to all DOC policies, the agency has the ultimate responsibility to inspect and report deficiencies, according to the report.
The new or expanded provisions inserted into future private prison RFPs and contracts include, expanded and better defined RFP evaluation criteria; the annual re-certification of all security systems; more comprehensive information requirements regarding contractors' past performance and incidents.
Future contracts, which will include additional monetary offset provisions and sanctions, will also stipulate enhanced contract performance auditing guidelines, and stringent performance outcome and measurement and reporting requirements.


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NEW YORK (CNN Money) -- Following a positive start, U.S. stocks closed in the red for a fourth straight session Wednesday, as investors weighed strong U.S. economic data against ongoing uncertainty about Greece's political situation.
The Dow Jones industrial average (INDU) fell 33 points, 0.3%, finishing at the lowest level since mid-January.
The S&P 500 (SPX) dropped 6 points, or 0.4%, and the Nasdaq (COMP) lost 20 points, or 0.7%. Both indexes closed at the lowest level since early February.
Investors started the day encouraged by data that showed U.S. housing starts rebounded from a five-month low and industrial production posted its fastest growth in over a year. Later in the day, anxiety over Greece's future took precedence.
After politicians in Athens failed to agree on a coalition government, President Karolos Papoulias called for all parties to set up a caretaker government that will conduct new elections next month.
The instability in Greece raises questions as to whether the country will be forced to leave the eurozone and what such a move would mean for other troubled European economies.
"We're not at a tipping point yet, but there's concern that we could get there if the Greek election on June 17 goes the way of the previous one -- with an inconclusive result," said Michael Hewson, analyst at CMC Markets in London.
Investors were also spooked following reports that the European Central Bank has stopped providing liquidity to some Greek banks.
Despite the uncertainty, comments from European leaders helped stem some pressure. German Chancellor Angela Merkel reiterated that her country wants Greece to remain in the eurozone and will make every effort to help the nation get on solid footing. She said she agreed with France's newly elected president Francois Hollande to consider measures to spur growth in Greece.
Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy also said it would be 'a very big mistake' if Greece were to exit.
Borrowing costs initially surged, with Spain's 10-year yield jumping to 6.5%, before pulling back to 6.3%. Italian bond yields also jumped to 6% before easing to 5.8%.
While Europe's debt crisis remains a broad concern for U.S. investors, hopes are high that U.S. financial institutions have had ample time to protect themselves from the effects of contagion.
"The U.S. banks have been taking many more steps to deal with delinquent loans and against European sovereigns, something that European leaders have been extremely bad at," said Hewson.
Moreover, while the 27-nation European Union and the 17-nation eurozone are teetering on the edge of recession, the U.S. economy continues to grow, albeit at a slow pace.
U.S. stocks closed at three-month lows Tuesday as the eurozone debt crisis continued to take a toll on the markets.
World markets: European stocks closed mixed. Britain's FTSE 100 (UKX) rose 0.1% and France's CAC 40 (CAC40) added 0.3%, while the DAX (DAX) in Germany slipped 0.3%.
Asian markets ended lower. The Shanghai Composite (SHCOMP) fell 1.2% and Japan's Nikkei (N225) dropped 1.1%, while the Hang Seng (HSI) in Hong Kong plunged 3.2%.
Economy: Housing starts jumped to an annual rate of 717,000 in April, from the revised level of 699,000 in March. Analysts surveyed by Briefing.com had expected a rate of 680,000.
Meanwhile, building permits fell to an annual rate of 715,000 in April, from the revised figure of 769,000 in March. Analysts expected permits to fall to 730,000.
April's reading "supports our view that housing is in recovery mode," said Paul Diggle, property economist at Capital Economics. "We expect housing starts to rise further later this year."
Diggle also added that he doesn't expect the latest escalation in Europe to derail the U.S. housing recovery.
"After all, the fallout for the U.S. banking system from a Greek exit will be relatively limited," he said. "The flow of credit to homebuilders, institutional buyers and households therefore shouldn't become materially tighter, allowing the volume of housing starts to continue rising."
The Fed's reading on the nation's factory output was also better than expected. Industrial production rose 1.1% in April, rising at the fastest pace since December 2010. Economists were forecasting that industrial production rose 0.5% in April after being unchanged the previous month.
Meanwhile, the Fed also released the minutes from the April meeting of the Federal Open Market Committee.
According to the minutes, "several members indicated that additional monetary policy accommodation could be necessary if the economic recovery lost momentum or the downside risks to the forecast became great enough."
In previous minutes, only "a couple of members" expressed support for further stimulus.
Companies: Facebook boosted the size of its IPO by 25%, seeking to raise up to $16 billion, according to an SEC filing.
Shares of retailer JC Penney (JCP, Fortune 500) tumbled after it reported a much bigger than expected loss for the most recent quarter. The company also discontinued its dividend.
Staples (SPLS, Fortune 500) reported earnings in line with expectations, but a surprise 1% drop in sales sent shares of the office supply company lower.
Shares of Deere (DE, Fortune 500) were lower even after the company beat expectations on its quarterly results and raised its forecast.
Target (TGT, Fortune 500) also beat expectations and increased its forecast, pushing shares higher.
According to documents filed with the SEC, Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway (BRKA, Fortune 500) built new positions in General Motors (GM, Fortune 500) and Viacom (VIA) during the first three months of 2012.
The director of the FBI said Wednesday that the agency has opened an investigation into JPMorgan Chase (JPM, Fortune 500), the nation's largest bank, a week after the bank disclosed a $2 billion trading loss.
Shares of Martin Marietta (MLM) tumbled into the close after hedge fund manager David Einhorn of Greenlight Capital said the company has many problems, while speaking at the Ira Sohn Research Conference in New York.
Shares of Amazon (AMZN, Fortune 500) also slipped after the famed short seller knocked the company. Einhorn also remains favorable on Apple (AAPL, Fortune 500).
Meanwhile, shares of Herbalife (HLF) popped 17% due to the fact that Einhorn didn't mention the company. Earlier this month, its stock took a hit after Einhorn posed a series of questions to Herbalife executives during its earnings conference call, asking for details about sales sources and disclosures that have been provided in the past.
Currencies and commodities: The dollar gained gained strength against the euro, British pound and Japanese yen.
Oil for June delivery fell $1.17 to $92.81 a barrel, the lowest since November.
Gold futures for June delivery lost $20.50 to settle at $1,536.60 an ounce, the lowest since last July.
Bonds: The price on the benchmark 10-year U.S. Treasury edged higher, pushing the yield down to 1.76% from 1.79% late Tuesday.
Index | Last | Change | % Change |
Dow | 32,627.97 | -234.33 | -0.71% |
Nasdaq | 13,215.24 | 99.07 | 0.76% |
Treasuries | 1.73 | 0.00 | 0.12% |
Company | Price | Change | % Change |
Ford Motor Co | 8.29 | 0.05 | 0.61% |
Advanced Micro Devic... | 54.59 | 0.70 | 1.30% |
Cisco Systems Inc | 47.49 | -2.44 | -4.89% |
General Electric Co | 13.00 | -0.16 | -1.22% |
Kraft Heinz Co | 27.84 | -2.20 | -7.32% |
Overnight Avg Rate | Latest | Change | Last Week |
30 yr fixed | 3.80% | 3.88% | |
15 yr fixed | 3.20% | 3.23% | |
30 yr refi | 3.82% | 3.93% | |
15 yr refi | 3.20% | 3.23% |
Today's featured rates:


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I am delighted that I am getting orders from all over the world! So far I have shipped to Denmark, Belgium, Greece, Canada, Ireland, England and Mexico! Thank you all for your support! I hope I can add even more countries to the list in the near future! I wonder where the next one will go? Maybe Australia? Maybe Bulgaria? Hmmm... the possibilities are inspiring!
Welcome to the new official home of Kate Price and LunaVerse Music!


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Fireworks permits must be obtained from the Fire Marshal at Monroe County Fire Rescue 30 days prior to the event. Permits from other agencies may also be required. Contact the Fire Marshal's Office at 305-289-6005 and complete the Fireworks Permit Application (PDF).
Show All Answers
Monroe County Fire Rescue does not recharge fire extinguishers. There are several fire extinguisher companies in the county that provide this service. You can locate these companies by searching locally for "fire extinguisher service."
Records of every fire to which a Monroe County Fire Rescue unit responds are sent to our Fire Rescue Headquarters. Copies of these can be obtained by contacting Executive Assistant, Mary Moeller, at email@example.com or (305) 289-6005 during regular business hours.
The Monroe County Fire Marshal office can provide information regarding the distance between your home and the nearest fire station and fire hydrant. Contact the Fire Marshal's Office at 305-289-6005, Monday through Friday between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. or email email@example.com.
The Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority (FKAA) maintains fire hydrants and can be contacted at 305-743-5409.
The Monroe County Fire Marshal's Office provide inspections for daycares, commercial properties, and vacation rentals. Call 305-289-6020 to schedule an inspection.
If you would like to schedule a visit to the fire station you can contact Monroe County Fire Rescue Headquarters at 305-289-6005.
To obtain a burn permit or information on open burns, contact the Department of Forestry at 305-872-9010
These items can be disposed of free of charge at Monroe County's three household hazardous waste collections centers during the following days and times:
For more information, call 305-295-4314.


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My guess is that the media handlers of BN had decided to hire some sorts of consultants and an army of well trained cybertroopers to fight for them. If that's really the case, then I hope they will do a good job and not cost too much. Maybe it is a good thing for BN to hire professionals instead of relying on amateurs like myself to fight for them in cyberspace.
I'm okay with what ever the BN people want to do as long as their new cyberwar strategy is better than the one they employed for the 13th General Election where BN cyber-forces were outclassed and outsmarted. The independent bloggers on BN side did contributed a lot but they were also not good enough to battle the more disciplined Pakatan cybertroopers, particularly those hired by the DAP.
Well, that's about it then.
As for today, I actually just want to write about the current Chinese New Year mood.
I am going back with my mother to our kampung in Kluang, Johor to celebrate the occasion.
I had bought a dress and a pair of shoes for the celebrations.
I always buy a new pair of shoes for Chinese New Year.
This year, all my aunts and their families in Singapore will come back to Kluang to celebrate.
I do look forward to meet them, especially my favorite cousin KH.
This new year is my year - The Year of the Horse.
Hopefully, it's going to be better than last year, which is not really a tall order since last year was quite a bad year for me.
I think the Chinese community will have a good time too over the next 12 months.
For one thing, they should be celebrating the fact that the evil BN government which most of them spat upon at the GE13 last year had decided to be less vengeful than expected.
Whatever was promised to the Chinese community by BN during the election campaign were actually being fulfilled despite more than 90 per cent of them voted for Pakatan in what had since been known as the Chinese tsunami.
You can read an example of the fulfilled promises at this Johor-edition of NST report by Chuah Bee Kim at her blog -
Janji Ditepati
As it is, this Malay-led BN government is not as bad as being portrayed by DAP.
Malays are after all an easy going bunch of people.
Violence, vengeance and vendetta were not really part of their culture. They normally would only react out of their gentle character if subjected to extreme provocation and being pushed to a corner where they have no choice but to defend themselves.
Just look at that call to boycott Chinese business interests after the Chinese tsunami of GE13. As predicted by even the Chinese commentators in this blog at that time, the whole thing was just a "hangat-hangat tahi ayam sahaja" thing. The Malays do not have the capacity to collectively punish others. It is just not in their character to do such things. It's as simple as that.
So, as far as I am concerned, the coming Year of the Horse will be a good year for the Malaysian Chinese....the same as it has always been good years ever since their forefathers came to this blessed country and turned it into their home.


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Why mortgage lenders hate unique homes
Home is where the heart is, but if your heart lives in a structure made of recycled tires, be prepared to have a hard time getting financing. Before you commit to buying a quirky home, or refinancing the one you already own, know ahead of time what heartache you may run into.
A property doesn't have to be that "out there" to cause your mortgage underwriter to lift his eyebrows. From a lender's perspective, properties that count as unusual may include:
- Log homes
- Green homes
- Homes with odd floor plans
- Homes with excessive lot sizes
- Mixed-use properties
Why mortgage lenders don't love quirky homes
The unprecedented wave of foreclosures recently has taught mortgage lenders that being able to foreclose and resell a property in a timely fashion is as big a part of managing their mortgage portfolios these days as anything else.
Keeping this in mind, mortgage lenders have started evaluating properties with an eye toward resale price and potential time on the market if they have to foreclose. That's bad news for homeowners with unusual homes, or prospective buyers with their heart set on an unusual home on the market.
Homeowner Daniel Akst, who wrote in Metropolis magazine about his experience financing the construction of his custom modernist dwelling, summed it up this way: "Almost everyone borrows to buy or build a home, and the size of the mortgage you can pry out of a lender depends heavily on the appraised value of the place, which is the bank's collateral, after all. I am here to attest that unusual houses, no matter how wonderful, appraise for less."
Here are some unique home types and why it might be difficult to finance or refinance them:
Log homes
Log home financing can be challenging, depending on the home and location. Log homes are unusual in many parts of the country, so appraisers may be unable to locate comparable sales near your property--and that will really hurt your case. Although log homes are expensive to build, if there are no similar homes nearby to compare, lenders are less inclined to give you credit for the extra expense and may knock down the appraised value for the purpose of a refinance.
Also, many mortgage lenders fail to discriminate between a custom-built log home and one assembled from a kit. The latter are often considered non-standard structures, which may disqualify you from refinancing altogether.
Green homes
Those who make use of recycled or unusual materials when undertaking a green home renovation may find refinancing difficult in the future. As with log homes, comparable sales are critical in helping mortgage lenders decide whether and how much to lend. Special consideration must be given to properties that represent special or unique housing for the neighborhood. It's difficult to assess the value of a green home with an unusual design--a dome home, for instance--or a property that's off the grid and energy self-sufficient when those are still relatively rare.
Fannie Mae's guidance to lenders says, "On a case-by-case basis, lenders must determine whether there is sufficient information to develop a reliable opinion of market value."
Moreover, if you purchase energy-efficient improvements via a Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) program loan, you won't be able to refinance it or sell with a Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac loan unless you pay the home improvement loan off first.
Homes with odd floor plans
Dwellings with unusual layouts, peculiar floor plans or inadequate equipment or amenities are harder to sell. Examples of odd plans include homes where bedrooms are on a level with no bathrooms, or a kitchen on a different level from the dining room.
Fannie Mae's underwriting guidelines state that an atypical or functionally obsolete floor plan limits "the market appeal for the property in comparison to competitive properties in the neighborhood," and that the value of the property should be discounted accordingly.
Homes on huge lots
Homes with expansive lots are usually properties located in rural or undeveloped areas. These properties suffer from the same shortage or complete absence of truly comparable sales for the lender to use when determining the home's value.
Massive lots can be a problem if the entire neighborhood does not consist of homes on similar-sized properties. In addition, most lenders are leery of making a loan on a farm in the guise of a residential mortgage.
How big is too big? It depends--the lender will compare your lot size with those of your neighbors. If everyone is on one acre and you have 10, your appraised value may come in low for the purposes of refinancing, or you may be denied a home loan altogether.
Outbuildings may also be red flags for lenders, although a small barn might be okay if your neighbors have barns too. Bottom line: the appraiser must demonstrate that the buildings are typical of local residential properties on the market.
Mixed-use properties
Mixed-use often means a property that is used both for residential and business purposes. For example, a property with a family shop downstairs and family living quarters upstairs would be considered a single, mixed-use property.
Mixed-use projects can be financed conventionally as long as the commercial portion of the development does not exceed 20 percent (for Fannie Mae guidelines) to 25 percent (for Freddie Mac guidelines) of the total space.
If you own such a mixed-use property and want to look into FHA loans for your refinance, the entire project must be FHA-approved. This is a relatively new requirement for refinancing eligibility.
How to find a home loan if you're "different"
Your best bet for financing an unusual property might be a lender that's well acquainted with your local area. Other possibilities include portfolio lenders, which are mortgage lenders that don't sell their loans to companies like Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, or a lender that specializes in your sort of property. For example, there are many mortgage companies that specialize in financing log homes.
The original article can be found at HSH.com:Why mortgage lenders hate unique homes
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Adium chatlog importer for DEVONthink Pro
Those of you who use the DEVONthink Pro organizational software may be happy to know that the developer has released several scripts for importing chat logs from other applications.
Specifically, he has released an Adium importer, an iChat importer, and a Second Life importer on his blog. Now you can organize your transcripts from those applications as well as your other documents.
The Adium importer is made possible by our XML log format, which makes writing importers and converters easier by being an open format. This means that, if you're a programmer, you can write an importer or converter too.


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Filtration involves passing the wine through some sort of filter to remove sediment and bacteria. Unfortunately, it also removes tannins and pigments. Because a wine's flavor and aroma profile can be diluted through filtration, many premium wineries refuse to use it. It is generally used for high production wines.
Fining is the process of adding a substance that bonds to particles in the wine and then sinks to the bottom of the container. The particles and the fining substance are then removed. Fining agents include gelatin, bentonite isinglass, casein, and egg whites.
The least invasive clarification process to a wine's character is racking. It is also the most labor-intensive and expensive. When a wine is racked it is physically removed from the sediment that slowly accumulates at the bottom of the container. The process usually needs to be carried out several times to fully clarify a wine.
Cold Stablization
Cold stabilization is a clarification process used to reduce the amount of tartaric acid in a wine. Tartaric acid crystallizes at 40 degrees Fahrenheit. The wine is cooled to this temperature, and the tartaric solids are removed through racking.
Another way to remove excessive tartrate crystals is through electrodialysis. This process is more energy efficient than cold stabilization, and is steadily being adopted by more producers.
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Yu-Gi-Oh! Cosplay
Yu Gi Oh is the crazy anime/manga about the card carrying exploits or the aforementioned protagonist. Picture Magic the Gathering on steroids and you're there.
Find some kick-bum Yu Gi cosplay right here.
If you plan to cosplay YuGi, we recommend you buy some YuGiOh cards and keep em on you. You can throw them at people and all kinds of fun stuff! It'll just make the illusion that much more real.
Need some cosplay help? Check out our blog!
Happy Cosplaying Otaku!
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Dolores & Daughter Esmeralda (who is already 2-1/2 months old!)
Need more hee haw in your life?
Baby Donkeys
Donkey Photos
More Donkey Photos
Donkey Doodle Dandy
© Copyright 2008 FarmgirlFare.com, the award-winning blog where having two baby donkeys who can't seem to get enough pets and snuggles is almost more cuteness than we can bear—and all the donkeys have this ability to look at you in such a way that you always feel as if you've just interrupted something really important.


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North Central College education alumnus named principal of Aurora elementary school
Jul 09, 2014
Kevin Schnable, a 1996 elementary education graduate of North Central College, is the new principal of McCarty Elementary School in Aurora.
Schnable began his career as a fourth-grade teacher in Indian Prairie School District 204 at Graham Elementary School in Naperville. He then taught fourth and fifth grades in Oswego and later became a high school English teacher and director of student activities at Oswego High School. He served as dean of students there since 2004, the Daily Herald reported.
He also was head boys' basketball coach at Oswego, the high school he attended as a teen. His teams won 236 games during his 15 years as head coach, the Aurora Beacon News reported. The 2009 team finished second in the state in Class 3A and won a sectional championship, followed by another sectional title run in 2010.


text: Bush Conservatory Orchestral School, Symphony Orchestra, Chicago. April 8, 1924. Souvenir Program, Medicine Lodge Peace Treaty Pageant, includes parking space ticket, October 5-7, 1932. Travel Brochures 9. Arkansas: "Facts and Figures of Fort Smith, Arkansas on U. S. 64, the Pawnee Bill Route". 1933. Canada: "Official Descriptive Folder of Cardston, Alberta" 8pp, illustrated with town map. 1923 Mexico: "The Blak Cat" (liquor house) Monterey, Mexico. Exchange table between pesos and dollars. n.d. Card from the Modelo Hotel, Oaxaca, Mexico. n.d. "Driving to Mexico? Helpful hints for the motorist. Plans of Main Cities Along the Laredo-Mexico City Road". Compliments of Aguila GasOnline Cataloge. 1936. "Kaymagui Licor". n.d. Leaflet from Garci-Crespo, a health resort. n.d. Map of Mexico-Nuevo Laredo Highway. Translation of road signs. Compliments of Aguila GasOnline Cataloge. 1936. "Mexico in Your Own Car". 1935. Menu, Hotel Casino de la Selva, Cuernavaca, Mexico.


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1993年指控Michael猥亵自己的"Evan Chandler" 在博客上承认自己当时说谎。
I Lied for my father, i'm sorry Michael"
After the sudden death of Michael Jackson Evan Chandler tells the truth.
In 1993, Chandler told a psychiatrist and police that he and Jackson had engaged in sexual acts that included oral sex, the boy gave detailed description of Jackson's genitals. The case was settled out of court for a reported $22 million, but the strain led Jackson to begin taking painkillers. Eventually he became addicted.
Now maybe for the remorse of his death Chandler decides to tell us the truth. " I never meant to lie and destroy Michael Jackson but my father made me to tell only lies. Now i can't tell Michael how much i'm sorry and if he will forgive me ".Evan Chandler was tape-recorded saying amongst other things, "If I go through with this, I win big-time. There's no way I lose. I will get everything I want and they will be destroyed forever…
Under the influence of a controversial father (Jordan Chandler) told his son to tell that Jackson had touched his penis.Jordan Chandler then told a psychiatrist and later police that he and Jackson had engaged in acts of kissing, masturbation and oral sex, as well as giving a detailed description of what he alleged were the singer's genitals.
" Now for the first time i can't bare to lie anymore. Michael Jackson didn't do anything to me, all was my father lies to escape from being poor."
Evan Chandler blog http://trashselector.com/evan-chandler-i-lied-for-my-father-im-sorry-michael/


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Alaska Safari Unlimited LLC
United States
PO Box 1383 Homer
Latitude: 59.654840
Longitude: -151.515081
Paul Brand
(907) 252-9091
Communication language
Offerring quality bear hunting .in Alaska for Grizzly bear hunts, Black bear hunting, Brown bear hunting, Dall Sheep hunts, Caribou hunts, Mountain Goat hunts, Wolf hunts and Wolverine hunts. Alaska vessel hunting is our specialty, though we do offer other forms of hunting including; snowshoe hunts for trophy mountain grizzly, pack hunts for world-class mountain goat, and unique black bear hunting adventures that include wilderness fishing and/or predator hunting. Whatever the experience you desire - whether it is hunting, fishing, bear-viewing, flightseeing or vacationing - we can provide the opportunity.
Our reputation is impeccable and as such, we are typically booked well in advance on most species. Nearly 100% of our present reservations involve repeat clientele. We allow a very limited number of guests each year. Our commitment to honesty and integrity is reflected in our operations plan and business practice. We hunt with a professional, ethical, fair-chase perspective.
Bear Hunting Alaska from Boat
Our Alaska hunting charters are clean, comfortable, warm and dry. Alaskan Charter Based hunting provides and advantage for hunter and guide. First it provides us with the mobility to use the most productive areas Alaska has to offer. While providing all of the amenities of home. Such as Twenty-four hour electricity and heated cabins. All of the boat chaters are complete with walk around decks. These hunting boats are coast guard inspected annually and equipped with top-of-the line life saving equipment.
We encourage you to experience the great Alaskan wilderness. If we can answer any question that you might have pertaining to hunts or Alaska charter vacationing in Alaska, please feel free to contact us at anytime. We look forward to hearing from you and to possibly hunting with you in Alaska. Until then, best wishes and may God bless.
We offer Alaska hunting and Alaska fishing charter services between Homer and Prince William Sound and southward to the far end of Kodiak and Across Shelikof Straits to the Alaska Peninsula. We have over 5,000 square miles of spectacular backcountry wilderness at our disposal in both the Talkeetna and Chugach mountain ranges. This mountainous region, laced with glaciers, remote valleys and alpine lakes is home to wolf, grizzly bear, black bear, mountain sheep, moose, caribou, mountain goat, wolverine and an assortment of small mammal and bird life. We have chosen this location because of the unique characteristics of the region and its incredible diversity.
Our family and the staff of Bear Hunts Alaska are all residents in Alaska. Because of our combined experiences in this Great Land, we believe that we can guide our guests on a comfortable, safe and enjoyable adventure. Our dedication is to guide you the many wonders of Alaska in a relaxed and worry-free atmosphere.
I have been working as a guide, captain in Alaska for 14 years. leading and guiding trips through some of Alaskas most breathtaking wilderness. The guides of Bear Hunts Alaska are equally as knowledgeable and professional. Our knowledge and experience assures your satisfaction.
We are fully licensed guides, permitted and insured to conduct services in the wilderness of Alaska. The guides of Bear Hunts Alaska are fully certified under the United States Coast Guard First-Responder Emergency Medical Training Program. We are members in good standing of the Alaska Wilderness Recreation and Tourism Association, the Boone and Crockett Club, the Alaska Chapter Foundation North American Wild Sheep, Wilderness Pros, and the Outfitters Association of America.
If you would like to take part in a unique adventure vacation set in a diverse setting, we encourage you to contact us. You won't be disappointed. Until then, good hunting to you.
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Please note that this is a comment or feedback about your experience of this place.
With applications for visiting, accommodation, please contact the specified contacts of this place. (e-mail, phone ...)


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A character in a story meets another and the author is keeping time of day, as in "the clock was indicating 12 noon". How do the characters greet each other? Kindly include salutations for each time of day; that is morning, noon, afternoon, evening, and night with the related time. I went through several links for that which are as follows:
- http://forum.wordreference.com/showthread.php?t=287453
- http://www.englishforums.com/English/UsageMorningAfternoon/klxbd/post.htm
etc. but these set offer no static pattern or logical pattern to resolve the query.
Edit: Earlier in paragraph, the writer has mentioned that the "clock was indicating 12 in day". And then another character arrived. How will he greet the first character who is already in the scene?


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Only the larger retailing businesses (those with 200 or more employees) classified as Supermarkets and grocery stores; Department stores; and Retailers n.e.c. have been included as the book retailing activity of smaller businesses in these industries is negligible.
CONTENT Chapter 2 of this publication summarises the book retailing activities of all book retailers indicated above. Apart from providing data on the number and value of books sold, the Chapter gives selected financial information on the book related operations of retailers. Information is also provided on the adoption of technology by these booksellers.
Value of new book sales, By type of retailer INCOME While book retailers reported a total income of $61,134.4m, the majority of that amount ($59,727.9m or 98%) was not from the sale of new books. The importance of new book sales to the overall operations of businesses varied substantially for the different types of book retailers. Bookshops generated 85% of their income from the sale of new books. In contrast, newsagents relied on new book sales for 7% of their income while for department stores and combined supermarkets and retailing businesses n.e.c., new book sales were 1% or less of the total income (tables 2.1 and 2.2).
Use of technology, By type of retailer INTRODUCTION This Chapter provides detailed information on the operation of bookshops including their income, expenditure, profitability and employment.
Persons employed, By sex STATE AND TERRITORY DATA Data were collected for the Australia-wide operations of each business. Businesses operating in more than one state or territory were asked to provide a state and territory breakdown for several key data items. Victoria reported the highest number of business head offices (235) and the largest number of retail locations (307). New South Wales reported the largest employment figures (3,526 people) (table 3.8).
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Damian Thompson (who is probably one of the world's greatest journalists) write here about the decline of Christianity in Britain. The shrinking of those who identify as Christians is combined with a dramatic surge in the Muslim population. You can't disagree with the statistics:
Since the last census in 2001, the number of Britons identifying themselves, however loosely, as Christians is down 13 percentage points to 59 per cent.
The number of respondents who say they have no religious faith is up 10 points to 25 per cent. Meanwhile, staggeringly, the Muslim population has grown from 1.55 million to 2.7 million, an increase of 1.15 million from 2001 to 2011.
However, I must disagree with Damian's diagnosis of the problem. Damian points the finger at the dismal leadership of both Rowan Williams in the Church of England and the Catholic Archbishop of Westminster, Vincent Nichols. These men aren't to blame for the lack of Christianity in Britain. The roots of the problem lie much deeper.
There are two essential reasons why Christianity is dying in the West. The first reason is philosophical and theological. Christianity has been undermined by modernism, the roots of which date back to destructive methods of Biblical critical scholarship and the humanistic rationalism and relativism that accompanies modernism. The roots of these trends within the church are found within nominalism– the philosophical foundations of historical Protestantism. Therefore, the present problem can be clearly traced back 500 years when Christians started drifting from the supernatural and historic beliefs of the Christian faith. Read The Smoke of Satan for further analysis…
Put simply, Christianity is fading in Britain because British people don't believe in it. They don't believe in it because their whole culture and educational system contradicts Christian religious belief.
The second reason the British have stopped being Christian is because the British have stopped being Christian. What I mean is that, despite the theological and philosophical problems, Christian faith still flourishes when there are dynamic examples of Christians living out their faith in a radical way. When Christians live out their faith in simplicity and sacrifice, when their love and patience is exhibited in daily life, and when their spirituality empowers a genuine encounter with Christ and when they are truly transformed, they soon transform the world. What attracted converts the most in the early church was the radical and radiant love Christians lived out. In the midst of a dying culture of death and despair the Christians loved one another. They sang! They were filled with energy, hope, zeal and life.
Pope Benedict understands that the practice of Christianity will continue to shrink in the West. It will contract and seem to fade away, but that contraction will be a purification. We will have quality even if we do not have quantity. Then as the western world is swept away by the combined forces of atheism on the one hand and cruel and oppressive Islam on the other, the few radical Christians will once again shine like stars in the night. They will once again exhibit true forgiveness (which is absent in atheism and Islam) true faith (which is absent in atheism and Islam) and true love (which is absent in atheism and Islam)
The leadership may be weak, but most leaders are simply reflections of those whom they lead. Christianity in Britain is not weak because of weak leadership. The leadership is weak because Christians in Britain are weak.
And lest my American readers are feeling smug and self righteous, the same rot is present in American Christianity, but with far more insidious and decadent manifestations.
Read More: The Real Divisions in the Church of England; Sentimentalism and Violence


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Hi we are David and Sheri Burns at honeybeesonline.com Please visit our Main Website at: http://www.honeybeesonline.com
ADVANCE BEEKEEPING COURSE JUNE 11, 2014 9am-3pm Central Illinois!!
Have you considered the importance of taking our one day Advance Beekeeping Course? I'll be joined by my good friend and fellow certified master beekeeper Jon Zawislak. Jon and I have written a book on queen rearing and we recently authored a two part articled published in the American Bee Journal on the difference between Northern and Southern bees. Jon and I will be teaching our Advance Beekeeping course June 11, 2014 here in Fairmount, Illinois and we have around 6 seats available. You don't want to miss this opportunity to be around me and Jon and learn about bees for a whole day. Click here for more information.Welcome to Long Lane Honey Bee Farms Online Lessons! Visit our MAIN WEBSITE AT: http://www.honeybeesonline.com We have a complete line of hives that we build right here in Illinois. We offer classes, sell queens and much more. Give us a call at: 217-427-2678. Our hours are: M-Th 10am-4pm, Fri 10-Noon Central Time.
A few summers ago, I took this beautiful picture after a brief rain. We became known on Ebay with this picture! Someone even suggested we should make this picture into a poster and sell it. During the winter, this picture gives us all hope of spring rains, flowers, bees, nectar and rainbows! I can't wait.
But back to reality, it's February and here's what my hives looked like on the first day of February. I believe in removing the snow off the top of the hives ASAP, because on a warm day, the melting snow can drip and run into the hive in places that rain would not. In the picture above you can see the difference between the two hives with snow on the left, and the hives on the right that have been cleared of snow.
I also clear out the bottom board occasionally. It's so much work for the bees to do, that I feel like I can help them out some. Plus, to me, it seems the less dead bees in the hive, the healthier it is. The picture above, taken Feb. 1, 2008, shows dead bees that I have raked off the bottom board with a stick. This is a normal amount of dead bees during the winter.
LESSON 24: QUEEN EXCLUDERS: Pros & Cons
What is a queen excluder. A queen excluder is a metal or plastic material that looks somewhat like a grill which is sized so that worker bees can pass through, but the queen and most drones are too big and therefore are excluded from passing through. Thus the name Queen Excluder.
When & Why To Use A Queen Excluder
The most common use of a queen excluder is to place it directly above your top brood box. Then, all honey supers are placed above the excluder. The excluder then is able to keep the queen in the brood chambers and excludes her from getting into the honey super and laying eggs. Excluders are also used in hives where the beekeeper is operating a two queen hive.
I generally do not use queen excluders on my hives for several reasons. 1) To me, they are high maintenance. The bees often attach comb to the excluder thus reducing the passageway, 2) Drones can become stuck and reduce the passageway, 3) I want my bees to be able to easily go in and out of the honey super, so I fear that the excluder discourages the bees from filling a super if they have to work their way through an excluder.
I am often asked whether a new beekeeper should use a queen excluder. For the most part, I would say yes. However, when that same new beekeeper calls me up and tells me his bees are not going up into the top super, I would recommend removing the excluder. This is why I am reluctant to recommend queen excluders. Some beekeepers call them honey excluders.
You're probably wanting to know what I do to keep the queen out of my supers if I do not use queen excluders, right?
I monitor the location of my queens. This is why, in early spring, I rotate my two deep hive bodies. I want to work the queen down to the bottom of the hive as she typically will work her way up. Coming out of winter the bottom deep brood hive body is usually empty, and so by placing the queen below 10 frames of empty drawn comb, she can begin laying with plenty of room and this will slow her movement to the upper honey super. So, an experience beekeeper can keep an eye on the queen and move her back down as he see fit. Here's an illustration I drew up to help you see how to rotate your hive bodies in the spring.
On the other hand, a new beekeeper may not want to monitor and reposition the queen, or rotate the hive bodies so in this case, a queen excluder is a good practice.
If you'd like to purchase a queen excluder, you can do so by clicking here to go to our website: honeybeesonline.com or give us a call at 217-427-2678
We are still selling 3 lb packages of bees with an Italian queens (pick up only or we will ship upon the purchase of a hive) and we are also offering nucs but on a first come first serve basis. And if you have not purchased your beekeeping hives or equipment, we are here to take your order Mon. - Fri. 9am - 5pm at 217-427-2678
If you'd like to email us our address is firstname.lastname@example.com
And check out our website for great deals: www.honeybeesonline.com
Our next lesson will address trying to lure hives from structures or trees. Do swarm lures work?
See you next time, and remember,
Bee-Have Yourself!
David & Sheri Burns
Long Lane Honey Bee Farms


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This article is more than 1 year old
Nigerian perv scanners lay Lagos ladies bare
Operators ogling passengers 'for fun'
Security officials at Nigerian airports are using perv scanners to ogle female passengers "for fun", according to a report from This Day.
The 3D body imaging kit - installed in the wake of the Xmas Day Farouk AbdulMutallab (non-) exploding underpants outrage - protects the identity of the scanee by blurring the face.
However, machine operatives have devised a cunning method to cop an eyeful of unsuspecting females - simply nip outside the scanner monitoring room to clock the passenger queueing to enter the machine, then rush back in to admire her assets.
This Day observed in one airport how, just to make absolutely sure they're kept entertained, operators shut down a conventional scanner to prompt passengers to pass through a perv scanner.
A "shocked" Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria official told the paper: "It is a breach of privacy. I will deal with it immediately I return to Lagos."
Nigeria currently has two functioning full-body scanners in Lagos airport, and one in Abuja. In the former, US-bound passengers travelling with Arik Air and Delta Air Lines are subjected to the e-strip, while it's obligatory for all international passengers leaving Abuja. ®


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Main content
American Section
Held at: University of Pennsylvania: Penn Museum Archives [Contact Us]3260 South Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6324
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the University of Pennsylvania: Penn Museum Archives. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in their reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
Overview and metadata sections
The American Section was one of he first sectiions of the new Museum, originally titled the "Museum of American Archaeology." Preliminary steps were taken in 1886 with the appointment of Daniel Garrison Brinton as Professor of American Linguistics and Archaeology within the Religious Studies Department of the University. In 1888 Brinton organized the University Archaeological Association, a group of scholars and laymen interested in archaeology and ethnology. Brinton materials available include correspondence in the early Director's files, offprints of his pioneering articles in American Indian linguistics, and filed in the curatorial section, a portion of his "Walum Olum", a purportedly Native American epic he edited, with annotations in an unknown hand. Before his death in 1899, he saw the Museum firmly established in American archaeology and anthropology. A large file of letters concerning a memoir on Brinton being prepared by Stewart Culin can be found at the Brooklyn Museum. Brinton also willed his library of 20,000 rare volumes, including 16th century dictionaries, to the new Museum to form the core of the present Anthropology Library.
The Museum was officially established in November 1889, with Charles C. Abbott appointed its first curator, several small collections being brought together in College Hall. Abbott, after earning a medical degree, had served as a field archaeologist for Frederic Ward Putnam of the Peabody Museum and then had earned his own national reputation for publishing claims that crude stone tools found on and nearby his Trenton farm were of the same great antiquity as those claimed for early man in Europe. On his appointment Abbott turned over the burden of proof to Ernest Volk, who supplied the Museum with collections over the next 22 years. The Abbott papers consist entirely of incoming correspondence, which he soon began to number in red pencil chronologically, plus several reports to the Archaeological Association (the 1890 one lists not only American but also many sources of early collections represented). These reports contain the only description of excavations by Abbott, his son Richard, and fellow amateur archaeologist Henry C. Mercer during Abbott's brief tenure (1889-1893). A listing of Delaware Valley sites, undated and possibly by Abbott, and one of American Indian artifacts received during the 1890's are also filed with Abbott's curatorial papers. During his tenure a variety of small local excavations were undertaken in the eastern United States. Francis C. Macauley, a member of the Association donated his large collection of eastern American archaeology. The American Section curatorial files also contain an 1890 catalog of the Warren Moorehead collection which was apparently not acquired by the Museum.
After a major effort failed to obtain Franz Boas as Curator, in late 1893, Abbott was replaced by his friend Mercer, who agreed to serve without salary. Mercer, who later was to establish a nationally known tile works and pioneered the study of American folk culture, spent most of his brief tenure in the field conducting numerous small-scale excavations on Museum grants in attempts to establish great human antiquity, whether in Yucatan or Tennessee. For this reason his records are treated under Expeditions, and his papers are listed in the North America and Central America finding aids. Essential background on Mercer can be found in Mason's 1956 biographical article in the Pennsylvania Archaeologist, while the bulk of his papers are held by the Bucks County Historical Society. During this time Stewart Culin, who had been named the Museum's Director in 1892 to represent it at the Madrid exposition, acquired important American collections not only from expeditions to Key Marco in Florida and Pachacamac in Peru but also Guatemala, Venezuela, and Ecuadorian objects from the Chicago Columbian Exposition in 1893; the very large and valuable Hazzard/Hearst collection of Utah and Colorado prehistoric perishable antiquities (put together by the Wetherill brothers, discoverers of Mesa Verde, and others and divided with the Hearst Museum at Berkeley); the pan-American Lamborn collection; an early treasure of ceremonial objects excavated in the Chira Valley, Peru, by S. M. Scott; and a remarkable variety of ethnological and archaeological objects collected in North America by Major Horatio Rust, whose 1895 catalog survives.
Stewart Culin, who replaced Mercer in 1899, had been a founding member and secretary of the Archaeological Association and was a good friend of Daniel Brinton's. He already managed the growing Asian and general ethnology collections and had been titled "Director" since 1892. The Board of Managers retained control of budget and policy and abolished Culin's title in 1899. Culin left in 1903. Nevertheless in less than five years he managed to greatly expand the American collections, most notably by the proceeds from his own expeditions sponsored by John Wanamaker throughout the western reservations in 1900 and 1901 and a short buying trip to Zuni in early 1902. In addition to direct purchases he made acquisitions from major dealers such as C. F. Newcombe in the Northwest and Thomas Keam in Arizona, represented in correspondence and packing lists. The actual object slips are filed with field record files, while Culin's account of the 1900 trip can be found in the 1901 Bulletin of the Free Museum of Science and Art and a bound 1901 account is available with photographs at the Brooklyn Museum. Other important collections added were that of Thomas Donaldson, painter George Catlin's executor and a key official in the 1890 Indian section of the Eleventh U.S. Census, including a number of Catlin pieces; the Dickeson collection, a bequest of an early amateur archaeologist in the Natchez, Mississippi area; western Mexican archaeology and ethnology from explorer Carl Lumholtz; and the large Poinsett-Keating Mexican archaeological collection originally donated about 1830 to the American Philosophical Society by the first U.S. Ambassador to Mexico and an associate. Items of special interest include the original proof sheets and photographs used in the 1890 Census acquired from Donaldson's son; 1840's plans of sites in the lower Mississippi region in the Dickeson papers; and a handful of letters by famous artist Thomas Eakins, who painted Frank Hamilton Cushing in the outfit of a Zuni chief for the Museum (painting now at the Gilcrease Institute in Tulsa, outfit at the Brooklyn Museum), Mrs. William Frishmuth, donator of a worldwide collection of musical instruments to the Museum (painting now in the Philadelphia Museum of Art); and a lost portrait of Stewart Culin. The Culin curatorial files contain miscellaneous routine correspondence, including a file on casts made from the Peabody, Smithsonian and Cologne Museums and a set of vouchers for 1901-1902 donations to the American Prehistoric Fund. A large ledger recording exchanges begun by Mercer but continued by Culin is in the Exchanges and Loans series (a few leaves in Culin's hand are in a Mercer folder), and Culin's 1900 and 1901 reports are filed with the rest of those from the American Section, in addition to one box of papers in the Director's files. Culin' major interest was in games worldwide, in which he worked with Frank Hamilton Cushing, and he published the definitive work on Native American games in 1907; a large collection of these are both at Penn and at Brooklyn.
With Culin's departure, the size of the collections demanded a swift replacement. The choice would almost certainly have fallen on William Farabee, a Harvard student of Sara Yorke Stevenson's old friend Dr. Putnam, but Farabee declined in favor of a Harvard instructorship. Eventually the decision was made to temporarily combine the American and General Ethnology Sections under William Furness as curator,(see East Asia finding aid) while George B. Gordon, another Putnam student who had worked for the Peabody on Honduran excavations, was hired as Assistant Curator. Furness resigned in November 1904, with Gordon then appointed Curator of the Section of American Archaeology and in 1905 Curator of General Ethnology. He held these responsibilities even after his 1910 appointment as the Museum's first true Director, until 1913. Documents on his curatorship are mostly in the Director's files and letterbooks (the latter not beginning until February 1905) and in the American Section reports, which are very detailed for 1903-1910 and less so for 1910-1913 (latter in Director's reports. Actual curatorial files include a detailed catalog and correspondence on a large and valuable North American ethnological collection offered by the Fred Harvey Company to the Museum but not purchased; a 1904 evaluation by Gordon of the collections of the New York Academy of Sciences; and a set of memos on objects acquired during the curatorship. Information on the 1905 and 1907 collection trips taken by Gordon to Alaska has been filed with field records. It should also be mentioned that systematic anthropological instruction in the University began at Gordon's instigation by 1906, with the establishment of Harrison Fellowships to bring in Assistant Curators able to finish graduate degrees and serve as instructors after 1907.
By early 1907 Gordon had met George G. Heye, wealthy New York financier and Indian collector. It appears that very soon after arrangements were made, culminating in Heye's support, for the acquisition of the Plimpton basket collection in return for duplicates collected on the Alaska trip (April 5). A major exchange of specimens was arranged in early 1908. A regular system of Gordon communicating information on collections available to Heye soon developed. By September 1908 Heye had agreed with Gordon to place his already enormous collections in the Museum, had accepted board membership, a vice-presidency, and chairmanship of the American Committee, and agreed to pay the salary of his assistant George Pepper to serve as assistant curator in the Section. These terms were ratified by the Board October 20. Pepper started work in January 1909, and served as acting curator in Gordon's absence February to early May as the Heye Collection was gradually unpacked. J. Alden Mason joined the Section as photographer and assistant at this time and with Edward Sapir, a Harrison Fellow, undertook an archaeological and ethnological reconnaissance to the Ute reservations in Utah in the summer (see North America finding aid). Meanwhile Pepper moved the large Talbot Hyde loan collection of Southwest Archaeology here from the American Museum of Natural History. William Orchard, who had been at the Museum of Natural History, was the second assistant taken on at Heye's expense in November 1909 in charge of mending, conservation and preparation of models for display (replacing Mason who was pursuing his doctoral studies).
The Heye Collection officially opened February 12, 1910, soon after Gordon became Director. Frank Speck was sent at Heye's expense to collect among the Penobscot in the spring, and Mark R. Harrington was furnished Museum authorization while collecting for Heye among the Shawnee, Kiowa, Miami, Iowa, Sac and Fox, and Delaware in Oklahoma in the summer (see Expeditions). At the start of 1911 Pepper's title was changed to acting curator and his salary made nominal for one year as he was now spending most of his time with Heye in New York, and Harrington was hired as assistant curator, with collection expenses still Heye's. He and Speck continued a wide variety of trips for Heye, as did Wilson Wallis, Orchard, and Gerda Sebbelov (the Osage).
William Farabee returned to contact with the Museum when offered the leadership of the Amazon Expedition in 1912, which he initially refused but eventually accepted in 1913, along with the curatorship. By the time he returned from his work in South America in 1916, major changes had occurred in the Section. George Heye withdrew his collections starting in May 1916 to form the nucleus of his own Museum of the American Indian in New York. Orchard had resigned in May 1915 and Harrington in January 1916, both of them continuing to work for Heye; Pepper's association had ended in January 1912. Bruce Merwin was hired as an assistant in July 1915 but spent 1917-1918 in military service before resigning. Pepper, Orchard and Harrington materials consist of correspondence in the Director's files plus a valuable 1912-1914 Harrington letterbook comprised mostly of Indian informants' and dealers' letters to him during his period of research in Oklahoma (he and Merwin published Journal articles, and Harrington also a monograph in Anthropological Publications). A 1911-1914 American Committee letterbook is also of great interest. Orchard's fieldwork of this period was later used to write the standard references on Native American beadwork and quillwork. Records of the Heye years include extensive Heye-Gordon correspondence, numerous photographs of specimens, several field reports by Speck, Wallis, etc.(Expeditions), and many lists of shipments coming in 1908-1916 and of complex exchanges with the Museum during these years and in 1917-1919. Heye later co-sponsored Gregory Mason's work for the museum in Colombia in the 1920's, and Theodoor deBooy left his employ for a Venezuelan Museum expedition.
Farabee served as Acting Director in 1917 in addition to the curatorship, although he was absent on military and diplomatic service 1918-1920. He made another major South American trip for the Museum in 1922-1923 to Peru and Chile. However severe illness effectively ended his job performance after his return, and his duties were undertaken by H. U. Hall in 1924-1925 until Farabee's death from anemia. The Archives contains relatively little documentation from Farabee: correspondence in the Director's files (1911-1925), extensive photographs both from the expeditions and before his curatorship, and three folders of curatorial correspondence divided geographically. He also published
The Central Arawaks and The Central Caribs through the Museum on his expeditions and a variety of Journal articles. It appears however that besides the expeditions most major acquisitions were actually arranged by Gordon, who during 1903-1927 made the American Section holdings the largest in the Museum. Important examples include North American basket collections from H. K. Deisher, Mrs. Richard Waln Meirs, W. K. Jewett, Plimpton, Mrs. Edward Bok, and Grace Nicholson; Plains collections from Mrs. Archibald Barklie (Armstrong), J. H. McLaughlin, M. A. Thomson, J. L. Brennan, and P. H. Ray; Guatemalan expeditions by Robert Burkitt and Alaskan by Louis Shotridge and Van Valin (S. E. Alaska); Eskimo objects from Captain George Comer, Captain Bernard, and Henry Bryant; Mesoamerican pottery from the Stearns and von der Leith; Valley of Mexico pottery excavated by Franz Boas; a prehistoric Pueblo basket of very rare type and antiquity from Zeller; and Northwest Coast objects from George Emmons. Gordon also sold the Museum a set of choice objects from his own collection in 1915.Louis Shotridge, a Tlingit Indian, met George Byron Gordon in Southeast Alaska in 1905. He came to the Museum in 1912 to aid in work on the Heye Collection. In 1915, Shotridge began regular shipments of extremely valuable Tlingit ceremonial objects to the Museum (see North America/Alaska finding aid). He was appointed an assistant curator in 1922. One folder of shipments and memos from his tenure is in the curatorial files. Don Whistler, a member of the Sac and Fox tribe, filled in as assistant to Shotridge from 1925-1926.
John Alden Mason was then hired from the Field Museum of Natural History, and his tenure (1926-1955) is well-documented, including a large professional correspondence with geographical subdivisions, offerings of collections (also geographically organized), in-house memos, a set of notebooks (1922-1952), lecture notes and bibliographies, and a long-term file on his lifelong interest in American rock art. Mason made 22 expeditions of varying scope during his active curatorship and his scholarly and field activities completely encompassed the Americas. Materials on his pre-1926 activities include the 1909 expedition for the Museum, 1913 Great Slave notes later published by Yale, 1914 Puerto Rican work for Columbia, Tepecano linguistics in west Mexico, and Santa Marta excavations for the Field Museum in Colombia. The bulk of Mason's correspondence and his linguistic fieldnotes were transferred to the American Philosophical Society on his death, and his library was sold to Southern Illinois University during his lifetime. He remained active as Emeritus Curator up to his death in 1967.
In addition to Shotridge, who spent about all of his 1922-1932 tenure in the field, Mason was assisted by Harriet Wardle, who had been curator of the Academy of Natural Sciences' Clarence Moore Collection (Southeast archaeology). Wardle came to the Museum after Moore, amid great controversy, transferred his objects to the Heye Foundation in 1929. Her curatorial records consist of a large alphabetical file of correspondence (she retired in 1948 but was active long after), while extensive research on Peruvian textiles can be found under "South America" and other work under the Key Marco Expedition and Stephens Collection.
Collections added during the Mason years include the remarkable gold objects from Cocle, Panama; objects from the Piedras Negras expeditions; Shotridge's Northwest Coast collections; the vast Academy of Natural Sciences collections including the pre-1879 Haldeman and the large Gottschall Collections, originally loaned but then acquired in exchange; Frank Speck collections from eastern Canada; the large and meticulously documented Osborne (Guatemalan textiles) and Stephens (North American ethnographic) collections; various Colombian and Panamanian gold collection and Mayer Brazilian, Broad Costa Rican, and Monday Mexican archaeological collections; jade Northwest Coast objects from Emmons.
Important research associates working with Mason include (for the most part files with "Expeditions"): Edgar Howard (1929-1943) (see Early Man files), a specialist in early man in the Americas; Mary Butler Lewis (1932-1970) (one folder of correspondence); and Frederica DeLaguna (see Alaska). John Corning worked as an assistant (1941-1943) in the Section on Cocle and his own Georgia expedition. J. Louis Giddings, an Arctic archaeologist, began as a research associate (1950-1951) and then was assistant curator (1951-1956) with correspondence in the Director's files. A major source for these years is the set of monthly American Section reports (1941-1948) written by Mason with appendices usually by Howard, Wardle, and Satterthwaite.
Linton Satterthwaite began association with the Museum as Mason's assistant on the Piedras Negras expedition in 1930 and became assistant curator in 1933, eventually becoming associate curator in 1948 and Mason's successor in 1955. In addition to a large alphabetical correspondence including such other prominent scholars as Sylvanus Morley, Herbert Spinden and J. Eric Thompson, "special", "routine", and "home" correspondence, a large series of notebooks documents Satterthwaite's long-term interest in Maya and other Mesoamerican calendrics and writing systems. Other files include lecture and class notes, bibliographies, curatorial business, exhibit designs, etc. Satterthwaite's archaeological work at Caracol and Benque Viejo in Belize and Piedras Negras and Tikal in Guatemala is described in the finding aid "Central America".
The next curatorial files of significance are those for Alfred Kidder II; although he did not hold a curatorship until 1867-1972. In his position as associate director after 1950 he had considerable involvement in American work due to his active interest in South American Archaeology. For this reason several folders of correspondence have been placed in the curatorial section. Kidder files are also in the Director's files or in his estate. Also in this era are the papers of Frances Eyman (Witthoft), who began as an assistant in the Section in 1948, followed by an assistant curatorship and the first Keeper of American collections from 1964 to her death in 1969. Her files consist of alphabetical correspondence, exhibit labels, and research notes showing her active interest in increasing documentation and understanding of the North American objects in the Museum. These are the most recent files with significant holdings in the American Curatorial series, as the relevant papers of William Coe (Assistant Curator 1959-1964, Associate Curator 1964-1969, Curator of Middle American Archaeology 1969-1972, and Curator of the American Section 1972-1987); Robert Sharer (Assistant Curator 1972-1974, Associate Curator 1974-1984, Curator 1985-present); Ruben Reina (Assistant Curator 1959-1962, Associate Curator 1962-1967, Curator of the Latin American Ethnology 1967-1991); Anthony Wallace (Assistant and Curator of North American Ethnology 1961-1988); and John Witthoft (Research Associate 1966-1970, Associate Curator of North American Ethnology 1970-1981, Consulting Curator 1982-1986) remain in the offices of the individuals. All have joint appointments in the Anthropology Department. Also further Eyman files as well as those of later Keepers Albina de Meio (1969-1974), Claudia Medoff (1974-1982) and Pamela Hearne (1982-date) are retained in the office of the American Section. No record except for an Expedition article and a resume in the Director's files appear to exist for Thomas Greaves, Assistant Curator of South American Ethnology, 1969-1973. Records for John Cotter (Associate Curator of American Historical Archaeology, 1972-1973) have been placed with the Historical Archaeology Section. Since 1982 Professors Reina, Wallace, and Witthoft have been titled "consulting" curators and Frederica DeLaguna has been Honorary Curator of North American Ethnology.
American Section files were unarranged when transferred to the Archives. Curatorial files have been subdivided into "curatorial" proper as a sub-series (arranged, in general, "chronologically" by holders of assistant curatorships); an "exchanges, loans, deaccessions and thefts" sub-series grouping documents on the movements of American objects (to be used in connection with the records of the Registrar's Office, established in 1929); an "inventories" sub-series containing various topical and other lists of objects in the American collections; a "collectors and collections" sub-series arranged alphabetically by the name of the donor or seller or title of collection; and a "general administration" sub-series encompassing index cards, exhibit labels, various American Section reports starting with Mercer, documents on American topics with no discernible connection, miscellaneous financial transactions, etc. Research files by curators Eyman and Wardle have been placed in their curatorial files, while correspondence with non-Museum scholars using the collection for which there is no original note material (Helen Palmatary on Brazilian archaeology and Marius Barbeau on slate carving have been included in "general administration." Ernestine Singer's work on netting is now a separate collection in the American Section.
Reprocessing of the collection began in the spring of 2015. The general series were maintained with the exception of the inventories which were evaluated and placed in more appropriate series such as exhibits, personal papers, general administration, etc..
- Abbott, Charles C., 1843-1919
- Brinton, Daniel Garrison, 1837-1899
- Bruckner, Geraldine M., b. 1901-d. 1982
- Coe, William R. , 1926-2009
- Culin, Stewart, 1858-1929
- Dyson, Robert H., 1927-
- Eyman, Frances, 1921-1949
- Farabee, William Curtis, b. 1865-d. 1925
- Gordon, G. B. (George Byron), 1870-1927
- Kidder, Alfred Vincent, 1885-1963
- King, Mary Elizabeth, b. 1929
- Mason, John Alden, 1885-1967
- Mercer, Henry C., 1856-1930
- Pepper, William, 1843-1898
- Possehl, , Gregory L., Dr., b. 1941
- Rainey, Froelich, Director of the University Museum
- Satterthwaite, Linton, 1897-1978
- Shotridge, Louis
- Stevenson, Sara Yorke, 1847-1921
- Publisher
- University of Pennsylvania: Penn Museum Archives
- Finding Aid Author
- Finding aid prepared by Bryce Little/Jody Rodgers
- Finding Aid Date
- 5/27/15


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