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Why the UN was in trouble from the start
August/September 2003
In the months before the war to overthrow Saddam Hussein, two words kept cropping up in the vocabulary of its opponents: sovereignty and legitimacy. The war, they said, would threaten the sovereignty of an autonomous state (the Ba'ath party's Iraq), and it would lack the legitimacy conferred by the backing of the United Nations. As one journalist put it, an invasion would be "the first test of the new doctrine … that the United States has the right to invade sovereign countries and overthrow their governments. … At stake is not just the prospect of a devastating war but the very legitimacy of an international system built over the past century that—despite its failings—has created at least some semblance of global order and stability."
Such concerns were very widely felt. Robert Kuttner, the co-editor of The American Prospect, wondered if "other sovereign nations [are] prepared to accept the status of cattle." Jacques Chirac, president of France, warned against "throwing off the legitimacy of the United Nations." Even Colin Powell conceded that the UN would have to become involved in rebuilding Iraq for the sake of "international legitimacy."
There is a problem with these concerns, a contradiction at the heart of the United Nations. It's a paradox with roots that stretch back to Woodrow Wilson's 1918 plan for a world without war and to Eleanor Roosevelt's valiant struggle after World War II to place the rights of individuals above the rights of states. The problem is simply stated: Sovereignty and legitimacy are crucial to modern liberal internationalism, and so is the defense of human rights. Yet they can be completely at cross-purposes. Suppose a sovereign state willfully violates the human rights of its citizens and the legitimate international community fails to intervene? Which is more important, international law and the equality of states or the rights of individuals?
The principle of sovereign equality can be traced back across more than three centuries to 1648 and the Treaty of Westphalia. Besides bringing an end to the Thirty Years' War, Westphalia formed the cornerstone of what became the modern system of states. In giving independence to the nations that had made up the Holy Roman Empire, Westphalia went a long way toward establishing a general belief that the internal affairs of a country—the religion it favors, the freedoms it allows—were the legitimate concern only of its own government. According to this modern notion of sovereignty, a prince was constrained in what he could do outside his nation but essentially enjoyed free rein within it.
This ideal of state sovereignty endured a grave threat during World War I, when the competing interests of Europe's great powers erupted in a clash that introduced new levels of violence and destruction. In response to the carnage, President Woodrow Wilson sought to create a world order that would ensure a durable peace. In 1918 he surprised a joint session of Congress with a number of bold proposals known as the Fourteen Points. The most important was a call for a "general association of nations" that would safeguard "the independence and territorial integrity [of] great and small states alike." The result was the League of Nations, the forerunner of today's United Nations. Senate resistance prevented America from joining the League, but Wilson's faith in international cooperation struck a chord among many at the time, and it continues to resonate today. As the historian Alan Brinkley explains, it was a vision "strongly rooted in the ideas of progressivism, that the world was as capable of just and efficient government as were individual nations—that once the international community accepted certain basic principles of conduct, and once it constructed modern institutions to implement them, the human race could live in peace."
Also central to Wilson's public philosophy was an appreciation of democracy and human rights. "No peace can last, or ought to last," he declared, "which does not recognize the principle that governments derive all their just powers from the consent of the governed." The following year the President called for the "destruction" of "arbitrary power anywhere in the world." He apparently didn't notice any contradiction between the independence "of great and small states alike" and opposition to "arbitrary power anywhere."
Thirty years later the world had occasion to revisit Wilson's principles. If World War I challenged international leaders to uphold the integrity of sovereign states, World War II introduced a new imperative, safeguarding the rights of human beings. The German and Japanese race-cleansing campaigns were not entirely unprecedented (the Armenian genocide of World War I stands out as an earlier example), but they were certainly unprecedented in their awful magnitude.
In the spring of 1945 representatives of 50 nations gathered in San Francisco to finalize a charter for the United Nations. Like the League of Nations, the UN was created as a guard against regional conflict. Rooted in Wilson's conviction that small wars were bound to ignite global ones, the UN created a more sophisticated set of mechanisms to enforce the integrity of borders and state sovereignly. But the new organization went a step farther. It realized it must also protect individuals from their own leaders.
In 1947 a remarkable United Nations committee, chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, convened in Paris to draft a Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the first document of its kind in history. The task was not a simple one. Delegates from the four corners of the earth would have to agree on basic principles limiting how states could behave not only toward one another but also within their borders. Not surprisingly, the first sessions were contentious. The committee included Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Jews, atheists, and agnostics; communists, socialists, liberals, and fascists; Western and Eastern nations; colonial powers and recently decolonized nations—all there to concur on a guiding set of ideals that would protect human dignity without compromising cultural differences.
Eleanor Roosevelt proved equal to the task. Armed with a kind and unassuming demeanor but also with a razor-sharp intellect and diplomatic skills that surprised even the greatest skeptics, she devoted months of study to the intricacies of international law and single-mindedly forged a compromise among the committee's competing factions. For instance, she helped strike a critical balance between AngloAmerican notions of liberty, which exalted the individual, and Continental ones, which stressed a state's obligation to ensure the economic and social well-being of its citizens.
Her efforts found reinforcement in the work of an extraordinary panel of philosophers gathered by the UN's Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Under the capable direction of the Cambridge University historian E. H. Carr, the Committee on the Theoretical Bases of Human Rights asked a group that included Aldous Huxley, Mohandas Gandhi, the Jesuit philosopher Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, the Confucian philosopher Chung-shu Lo, and the Bengali Muslim poet Humayin Kabir if it was possible to identify values that cut across all national, ethnic, religious, and regional boundaries. Much to the surprise of many, and to the delight of Eleanor Roosevelt, their answer was an emphatic yes.
"Varied in cultures and built upon different institutions, the members of the United Nations have, nevertheless, certain great principles in common," the committee reported. It went on to identify specific values that were shared across cultures and continents. Mary Ann Glendon, a scholar of human-rights law, sums them up as "the right to live; the right to protection of health; the right to work; the right to social assistance in cases of need; the right to property; the right to education; the right to information; the right to freedom of thought and inquiry; the right to self-expression; the right to fair procedures; the right to political participation; the right to freedom of speech, assembly, association, worship, and the press; the right to citizenship; the right to rebel against an unjust regime; and the right to share in progress."
These broad ideals ultimately guided Eleanor Roosevelt's committee in drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a nonbinding statement of principle that the participants in the conference ratified in 1948. One delegate wrote that the formal UN debate, held at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, was marked by a "great solemnity, full of emotion.…I perceived that I was participating in a truly significant historic event in which a consensus had been reached as to the supreme value of the human person, a value that did not originate in the decision of a worldly power, but rather in the fact of existing."
After the 34 delegates had exhausted every possible angle of debate, the General Assembly voted to approve all 30 articles of the declaration, 23 of them unanimously. When the complete document came up for a final ballot, no nation voted against it. Only 8 abstained: Byelorussia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia, and their patron, the U.S.S.R.; Saudi Arabia; and South Africa.
However, its passage was largely symbolic. The problem was, and is, that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is an assortment of non-binding principles that are fundamentally at odds with the binding rules governing the United Nations. Then, as now, in the perpetual tug of war between state sovereignty and human rights, state sovereignty almost always wins. Article 2 of the UN Charter is very clear on this point: The United Nations "is based on the sovereign equality of all of its members." Which means that a brutal dictator has as much right to be there as the delegate from a democratically elected government that respects the Universal Declaration. Moreover, it has to be that way. Sovereign states are what the UN consists of.
Thus the fundamental contradiction of modern internationalism: It seeks to balance the rights of the state with those of the individual, but it often can't. Eleanor Roosevelt understood this all too well, and she viewed the Universal Declaration as a necessary counterbalance to the UN's interest in the preservation of sovereignty and stability. A 1947 political cartoon showed the former First Lady as a schoolteacher, telling her students—the other members of the declaration's drafting committee—"Now, children, all together: 'The rights of the individual are above the rights of the state.'"
But isn't so. Increasingly in recent years, internationalists have stressed the latter at the expense of the former—inevitably to the detriment of the principle of human rights. The UN's expression of concern can rarely be more than rhetoric. Today Libya chairs the UN's Commission on Human Rights. The UN recognizes Libya and its government as sovereign and legitimate, and so investigations of matters from cases of torture and mass murder to extralegal confinement of dissidents are headed by Ambassador Najat Al-Hajjaji, a woman picked by CoI. Muammar al-Qaddafi.
As a result, nations and coalitions constantly have to work around the UN. It happened when the United States and Great Britain established a no-fly zone over northern Iraq in 1991 to stop Saddam Hussein's attacks on the Kurdish population there. It happened when NATO forced Slobodan Milosevic to abandon his policy of "ethnic cleansing" of Albanians and Kosovars in 1999. It happened when Israel bombed Iraq's Osiraq nuclear reactor in 1981, preventing Saddam Hussein from acquiring the ultimate weapon of mass destruction. And it happened when Vietnam invaded Cambodia in 1978 to overthrow Pol Pot, a man responsible for the death of as many as two million of his own citizens. Surely, if the principles of sovereignty and legitimacy hadn't been disregarded, the terrors of this world would be more terrible still.
Where does all this leave the United States? In something of a bind. In many ways the legacy of Westphalia stands in contrast with that of the Founders, who, in adopting the Declaration of Independence, affirmed that governments are created to secure the rights of humankind, "deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." Therefore, if a government suppresses the rights of its citizens, it loses its legitimacy. "A Prince," states the Declaration of Independence, "whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people."
From this perspective, regardless of what the UN Charter stipulates, authoritarian regimes that treat their people like chattel are not legitimate governments. And while their forceful removal may not always be prudent or practical, it is praiseworthy if it brings in a morally legitimate authority. This is an extreme position, to be sure, and it has always had its opponents. In recent decades, in the wake of Vietnam and Watergate, many have come to the conclusion that the United States and its government could no longer be trusted to do the right thing.
Can America be trusted today to establish morally legitimate governments in countries it subdues? Most human-rights advocates remain skeptical, pointing to the twentieth century, when, for reasons ranging from cultural chauvinism and economic self-interest to Cold War panic, the United States found itself making very unsavory friends. Moreover, if a government derives its just powers from the consent of the governed, then it follows logically that no one can justly overthrow that government except by the consent of the governed. Getting the consent of an oppressed population may be impossible, of course, but without it any coup always has a taint of the arbitrary.
There are grounds for optimism though. Since Vietnam, American Presidents have been more alert to the cause of human rights. After the United States invaded Grenada in 1983, the communist junta of Hudson Austin and Bernard Gourd was replaced by a government that allowed a free press and opposition parties to flourish. The same held true in Panama following the U.S. invasion in 1989. Today Panama has an independent judiciary, an opposition press, and several vigorous political parties; executive power has changed hands two times, peacefully and constitutionally.
In Haiti, where the U.S. threat of invasion in 1994 forced out the military dictatorship of Gen. Raoul Cedras, the picture is murkier. Political violence is common and government corruption is rampant, but there are opposition parties and an opposition press. Most impressive, various members of the Haitian judiciary have been willing to stand up to President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, ruling against his government on important issues. Free institutions, fragile as they may be, are now stronger as a direct result of American intervention. In Afghanistan there are already signs of hope: women no longer compelled to wear veils, families free to attend movies, girls able to go to school, and democratic elections scheduled for next year.
Of course there are those who see America not as a liberator but as a hegemon. An article titled "The Case Against Intervention in Kosovo," which appeared in The Nation in 1999, argued implicitly that respect for state sovereignty should outstrip concerns about human rights. Comparing the Kosovars with Southern secessionists during the American Civil War, the authors asserted that "the province of Kosovo (the cradle of Serbia's cultural and national identity) is an integral part of Serbia's sovereign territory. … This conflict is, of course, a civil war, the root of which is the province's ethnic Albanians' armed struggle to break free of Serbia and establish an independent state. Thus, as in numerous ethnic conflicts in the Balkans and elsewhere, the opposing sides' objectives cannot be reconciled." Perhaps not, but absent from this description of the Balkan wars was any mention of mass graves, rape camps, and ethnic cleansing.
America's behavior on the international stage will doubtless continue to be shaped, as it has in the past, by a combination of principle and pragmatism—serious consideration of what we should do, tempered by careful deliberation on what we can do. The United Nations will doubtless continue to seem more useful when it advances the cause of human rights than when it doesn't. As Grenada, Panama, and Haiti suggest, it is possible to flout international law without suffering any serious fallout. In each of those cases, America's defying the UN led not to chaos but greater stability. It didn't cause a crisis at the United Nations, and it did further the cause of human rights.
When America defies international law, does it not encourage every two-bit dictator to do the same thing? That fear prompted Kofi Annan to oppose NATO's attack on Serbia in 1999. He deplored ethnic cleansing but advised against foreign intervention because the Security Council hadn't authorized it. If the members of NATO got militarily involved, he asked, "how could they tell other regions or other governments not to do the same thing without Council approval?" However, authoritarian regimes are far more often constrained by power than by considerations of right and wrong. During the Cold War it was not Western restraint that prevented the Soviets from invading Western Europe but the fear of nuclear annihilation. In the 1930s it was the passivity of Britain and France, not their aggressiveness, that enabled Germany to wage its campaign of aggression.
In the aftermath of NATO's action against Serbia, it became more widely accepted that humanitarian intervention—that is, the violation of a country's sovereignty in order to secure humanitarian objectives—may sometimes be a worthy choice. Annan himself, after initially opposing the NATO action, said, "There is an emerging international law that countries cannot hide behind sovereignty and abuse people without expecting the rest of the world to do something about it."
Some, Annan among them, hope a stronger UN will play this role. Yet a stronger United Nations is still a United Nations. It must continue to be populated with, if not dominated by, governments that place little stock in human rights. But as Annan's changing views suggest, sovereignty is not sacred. And when policy changes, international law tends to follow. The UN quickly recognized the new U.S.-backed governments in Grenada and Panama, and, since NATO's intervention in Kosovo, what has been called an "evolving international law" has begun to accord less importance to sovereignty and more to the rights of the individual.
In Henry V, Shakespeare's Harry tells his soon-to-be-queen, "Nice customs curtsy to great kings. Dear Kate, you and I cannot be confined within the weak list of a country's fashion; we are the makers of manners, Kate.…" America may need to exhibit less hubris than the victor of Agincourt, but its ability to reshape convention is no less great. And because with power comes responsibility, America may feel compelled to champion the twin causes of human rights and legitimate government ever more forcefully. History has shown that the United Nations often cannot do the job.


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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
"The Package Tour," featuring New Kids on the Block with special guests 98 Degrees and Boys II Men, is coming to First Niagara Center on Friday, Aug. 2, at 7:30 p.m.
Tickets go on sale Saturday, Feb. 23, at 10 a.m., and are priced at$92, $72, $52 and $29.50 (includes $2.50 facility fee). They can be purchased at the First Niagara Center Box Office, online at www.tickets.com or by phone at 716-888-223-6000.
A random handbill policy will be in effect. A limited number of handbills are available now. Tickets subject to applicable service charges (no service charge applies at First Niagara Center Box Office). All dates, acts and ticket prices subject to change without notice.
VIP packages will be available to purchase beginning Feb. 21 at 6 p.m. by clicking here.
Packages include premium tickets, meet-and-greet, photo op, exclusive merchandise and more.
Find additional information online athttp://www.firstniagaracenter.com/eventX/78.

subset: commoncrawl


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Hi all,
About me : I'm a beginner, I have some basis in C++, some in Java, I have some object-oriented notions, and eventually random knowledge with php/html, msl, or even ahk, etc.
I'd like to realize a project. It should be simple, but I need to know if Java is the most suitable for that, or if I could consider a better/easier solution as I'm a beginner.
The idea :
A 'simple' program displaying a window with different timers. Eventually with colored progress bars. Each timers will have a button "Start timer now", and I could check/uncheck timers so they don't appear on the window. Pretty fun stuffs.
It looks reasonably doable, but I'm almost nowhere with graphic interfaces. I used Netbeans a few times, and I'm not exactly sure their graphics tools will let me make something optimal and as I wish. (Plus, I didn't like that I couldn't modify/move some of the generated code)
So, where would you start if you had to do that ? I'm sure "Java can do that", but I don't feel like I have a start-point, unless I stick to those Netbeans tools.. which are maybe perfect but I'm not convinced atm.
So, what are your thoughts ? Also if you have any tutorial link related to my project, that'd be super great!


text:
Forex Economic Calendar for February 25, 2024
FOREX NEWSU.S. Dollar Drops As Weak Economic Data Boosts Rate Cut Hopes03/01/2024 - 12:23 PM (RTTNews)(RTTNews) - The U.S. dollar weakened against its major counterparts in the New York session on Fri ...Full Story>> U.S. Dollar Eases After Economic Data03/01/2024 - 10:15 AM (RTTNews)(RTTNews) - At 10 am ET Friday, ISM manufacturing PMI, U.S. construction spending and University o ...Full Story>> Swiss Franc Falls As European Shares Traded Higher03/01/2024 - 06:28 AM (RTTNews)(RTTNews) - The Swiss franc weakened against other major currencies in the European session on Fri ...Full Story>> Swiss Franc Falls Against Majors03/01/2024 - 04:22 AM (RTTNews)(RTTNews) - The Swiss franc weakened against other major currencies in the European session on Fri ...Full Story>> Chinese Yuan Falls To 2-day Low Against U.S. Dollar03/01/2024 - 02:05 AM (RTTNews)(RTTNews) - The Chinese yuan weakened against the U.S. dollar in the Asian session on Friday. ...Full Story>> INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL NEWSU.S. Construction Spending Unexpectedly Pulls Back Modestly In January03/01/2024 - 13:06 PM (RTTNews)(RTTNews) - A report released by the Commerce Department on Friday unexpectedly showed a modest de ...Full Story>> U.S. Consumer Sentiment Unexpectedly Deteriorates In February03/01/2024 - 12:56 PM (RTTNews)(RTTNews) - Consumer sentiment in the U.S. unexpectedly deteriorated in the month of February, acc ...Full Story>> Atlanta Fed Lowers Q1 GDP Growth Projection To 2.1%03/01/2024 - 12:49 PM (RTTNews)(RTTNews) - The Atlanta Fed on Friday lowered its GDP growth forecast for the first quarter, citin ...Full Story>> Fed Notes Inflation Has Eased Substantially But Remains Above Target03/01/2024 - 12:48 PM (RTTNews)(RTTNews) - The Federal Reserve released its semi-annual monetary policy report to Congress on Fri ...Full Story>> BoE's Pill Says Cutting Bank Rate Remains Some Way Off03/01/2024 - 12:21 PM (RTTNews)(RTTNews) - Bank of England Chief Economist Huw Pill said on Friday that an interest rate cut from ...Full Story>> |
Do not sell my personal information
Copyright © 2024. All market data is provided by Barchart Solutions. Information is provided "as is" and solely for informational purposes, not for trading purposes or advice. To see all exchange delays and terms of use, please see disclaimer.


text:
Google knows a thing or two about complex calculations performed across very big data sets. Which is why chemists are borrowing ideas from the search company to help them predict how substances react with each other.
PageRank is the algorithm that Google uses to determine the relevancy of links. Now, scientists from Washington State University have borrowed ideas from the code to understand how molecules interact with each other…
In fact, they've developed their own software, moleculaRnetworks, inspired by PageRank, which measures how many hydrogen bonds a water molecule has, and how many its neighbors have, too.
Why's the useful? Well, it can be used to work out how water reacts when another substance — say, salt— is dissolved in it, in order to understand the most likely arrangements and orientations. The upshot is a better theoretical understanding of reactions and the processes that drive them. While salt in water is old and fairly straightforward to model, the researchers claim that the PageRank algorithm is powerful enough to do much, much more.
[Journal of Computational Chemistry via Extreme Tech]


text:
Extreme Heat
A heat wave is an extended period of extreme heat, and is often accompanied by high humidity. These conditions can be dangerous and even life-threatening for humans who don't take the proper precautions.
In extreme heat and high humidity, evaporation is slowed and the body must work extra hard to maintain a normal temperature. Most heat disorders occur because the victim has been overexposed to heat or has over-exercised for his or her age and physical condition.
Before Extreme Heat:
To prepare for extreme heat, you should:
To begin preparing, you should build an emergency kit and make a family communications plan.
Install window air conditioners snugly; insulate if necessary.
Check air-conditioning ducts for proper insulation.
Install temporary window reflectors (for use between windows and drapes), such as aluminum foil-covered cardboard, to reflect heat back outside.
Weather-strip doors and sills to keep cool air in.
Cover windows that receive morning or afternoon sun with drapes, shades, awnings, or louvers. (Outdoor awnings can reduce the heat that enters a home by up to 80 percent.)
Keep storm windows up all year.
Listen to local weather forecasts and stay aware of upcoming temperature changes.
Know those in your neighborhood who are elderly, young, sick or overweight. They are more likely to become victims of excessive heat and may need help.
Be aware that people living in urban areas may be at greater risk from the effects of a prolonged heat wave than are people living in rural areas.
Get trained in first aid to learn how to treat heat-related emergencies.
What you should do if the weather is extremely hot:
Listen to NOAA Weather Radio for critical updates from the National Weather Service (NWS).
Never leave children or pets alone in closed vehicles.
Stay indoors as much as possible and limit exposure to the sun.
Stay on the lowest floor out of the sunshine if air conditioning is not available.
Postpone outdoor games and activities.
Consider spending the warmest part of the day in public buildings such as libraries, schools, movie theaters, shopping malls, and other community facilities. Circulating air can cool the body by increasing the perspiration rate of evaporation.
Drink plenty of water; even if you do not feel thirsty. Avoid drinks with caffeine. Persons who have epilepsy or heart, kidney, or liver disease; are on fluid-restricted diets; or have a problem with fluid retention should consult a doctor before increasing liquid intake.
Limit intake of alcoholic beverages.
Dress in loose-fitting, lightweight, and light-colored clothes that cover as much skin as possible. Avoid dark colors because they absorb the sun's rays.
Protect face and head by wearing a wide-brimmed hat.
Avoid strenuous work during the warmest part of the day. Use a buddy system when working in extreme heat, and take frequent breaks.
Check on family, friends, and neighbors who do not have air conditioning and who spend much of their time alone.
Avoid extreme temperature changes.
Source: READY.gov


text: Today we are shipping a whole new design to improve your navigation and reading experience on our blog! Back in 2012 we rolled out our new visual identity and website, but we didn't change our blog much at the time. So we decided that it was time to give some love to our blog and … »


text:
GM Invests $50 Million In Chevy Cruze Plant
< < Back toGeneral Motors says it is investing $50 million at the northeast Ohio plant that builds the popular Chevrolet Cruze.
The company said the investments, which include a new trim shop, are directed at the next generation of the Cruze compact sedan to be built at the Lordstown plant near Youngstown.
The Cruze has become GM's best-selling car since it was launched in September 2010.
The auto-workers union said it is buying 1 millionth Cruze, which was built at Lordstown on April 10. The car will be raffled off to a plant employee with all ticket proceeds donated to local charities.
GM says it has invested approximately $250 million at Lordstown since 2009. The complex has built more than 15 million vehicles since opening in April 1966.


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Recruitment activities are underway for the 2014 Field Ecology Summer Regional Governor's School to be held in two separate sessions this summer at Dabney S. Lancaster Community College in Clifton Forge, VA. Applications and information have been sent to all participating school divisions.
Important changes are being implemented in the governor's school schedule for this summer, the 30th for this governor's school. Jane DeGroot, a director and instructor for the program explains the changes. "This summer, instead of one, three-week session, we will have two independent sessions, June 16-25 and June 30 – July 9. Both sessions have three-day camping trips with the first session conducting salamander research in Laurel Fork area of Highland/Pocahontas counties and the second session conducting forestry studies in the Greenbrier State Forest. In both sessions, students are required to create digital field guides. Students may sign up for both sessions, but each session is limited to 16 participants. Second year participants are only eligible for the second session. We hope that qualified applicants who could not commit to a three week program will be excited to have the flexibility of two seven-day sessons."
Any current 8th or 9th grade student who demonstrates potential for excelling in biology is eligible to be nominated. Former Governor's School students who are in 9th or 10th grade may apply to be considered for the advanced program during the second session. The student must be enrolled in a public or private school, including home schooling, in the counties of Alleghany, Bath, Botetourt, Highland and Rockbridge, and the cities of Buena Vista, Covington and Lexington. Participants may be nominated by their superintendent, administrator of gifted programs, principal, counselor or science teacher on the basis of academic potential, positive attitude, good citizenship and maturity of judgment.
Students are eligible to attend if 1) they are academically gifted and/or show potential for excelling in biological field studies; 2) their overall achievement in school work is acceptable; 3) they have been a resident of the Commonwealth of Virginia for at least one year and live within the counties and cities served by Dabney S. Lancaster Community College; and 4) they are nominated from their schools or school division. All students, including private school and home-schooled students, must meet the Governor's School selection criteria. Applications are available in each school's guidance department.
Deadline for the submission of completed applications to the student's school is at the discretion of the individual schools, but will likely be by the end of the first week of April.
For further information, contact Jane DeGroot at firstname.lastname@example.com or Dr. Susan Rollinson at email@example.com or visit the Governor's School web site at www.fieldecology.org. Those interested may also contact their school division's Administrator of Gifted Programs, school principal, or guidance counselor.


text: Hi Amjad amjad ali wrote: > Hi Gus, > > I was told that some people used to run two processes only on > dual-socket dual-core Xeon nodes , leaving the other two cores idle. > Although it is an apparent waste, the argument was that it paid > off in terms of overall efficiency. > > > I guess I fully agree with this. > > > Have you tried to run your programs this way on your cluster? > Say, with one process only per node, and N nodes, > then with two processes per node, and N/2 nodes, > then with four processes per node, and N/4 nodes. > This may tell what is optimal for the hardware you have. > With OpenMPI you can use the "mpiexec" flags > "-bynode" and "-byslot" to control this behavior. > "man mpiexec" is your friend! :) > > > does mpich also provide this? > or it will be controlled by the scheduler?? A mixed answer. I think you can do this with MPICH2, but it is not so easy as it is with OpenMPI, depending on other things, particularly the mpiexec that you use. 1) You can use Torque/Maui and request full nodes, as Chris Samuel suggested to you in another thread. E.g.: #PBS -l nodes=10:ppn=8 This doesn't guarantee or requires that your job will run on a single core per node, but it ensures that nobody else will be running anything there but you. Hence, this is kind of a preliminary step. 2) If you use mpd and the native MPICH2 mpiexec to launch programs compiled with MPICH2, you could control where the processes run by using the "-machinefile" or the "-configfile" option. To take effect, you also need to tweak with the contents of your "machinefile"/"configfile". For instance, you could write a script to run inside the PBS script, but before the mpiexec command, to read the PBS_NODES file, and build the "machinefile"/"configfile" with selected nodes. That is more involved than with OpenMPI, but not too hard to do. You must read "man mpiexec" to do this right. 3) If you use the OSC mpiexec (http://www.osc.edu/~djohnson/mpiexec/index.php) to launch programs compiled with MPICH2, you can use the "-pernode" option to run in a single core per node, which is similar to OpenMPI "-bynode", and easy to do. 4) If you still use MPICH1, which is too old, unmaintained, and troublesome, then upgrade to OpenMPI or to MPICH2, and use the solutions proposed here and in previous emails. > > But still if it is a shared cluster (as in my case) then the cores you > left unbusy may be allocated to another process of another user by the > Batch scheduler. Right?? Unless you request full nodes, as Chris Samuel suggested: #PBS -l nodes=10:ppn=8 However, beware that this greedy and wasteful behavior may drive your system administrator and the other cluster users mad at you! :) Well, you can always justify it in the name of science, of course. ;) > > > > Yes, CFD codes are memory bandwidth bound usually. > > > Indeed, and so is most of our atmosphere/ocean/climate codes, > which has a lot of CFD, but also radiative processes, mixing, > thermodynamics, etc. > However, most of our models use fixed grids, and I suppose > some of your aerodynamics may use adaptive meshes, right? > I guess you are doing aerodynamics, right? > > > Amazing!! > but I would really love to know (infact, learn) which > factors/indications made you to guess so correctly. > Google is not only your friend. It is also *my* friend! :) Is the Amjad Ali Pasha listed here yourself or somebody else? http://www.aero.iitb.ac.in/aero/people/students/phd.html Dialog here is a two way road, a cooperative and open exchange. My identity is stamped on my signature block in all messages, no secret about it. Why not yours? > > I would offer you 6 cents. > 2 cents --- you missed below. > 2 extra. > 2 cents for next email. > > > Thank you very much. > My two Rupees. :) Best, Gus Correa --------------------------------------------------------------------- Gustavo Correa Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory - Columbia University Palisades, NY, 10964-8000 - USA --------------------------------------------------------------------- > > My pleasure. > > > I hope this helps, > > Gus Correa > --------------------------------------------------------------------- > Gustavo Correa > Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory - Columbia University > Palisades, NY, 10964-8000 - USA > --------------------------------------------------------------------- >


text:
From Test-Scratch-Wiki
(Redirected from Eng:Love)
- This eng is about the project statistic. For the row on the Front Page, see What the Community is Loving.
A love-it is what a user can give a project if they enjoy it. Love-its are given by clicking the love-it button under the Online Player.
Rather than a rating system, Scratch uses love-its and favorites. Only one love-it can be given by each user, although it is possible for one person to give more than one love-it (see bottom).
The most recent projects that have the most love-its are displayed on the Front Page in the What the Community is Loving section.
Love-its are given to a project when a user likes a project. If the user likes that project very much, a favorite is sometimes given as well. People rarely give favorites without loving the project.[1]
Love-its are sometimes used so when a user gets a certain amount of love-its they will add more to their project, or make a sequel.
Prize System
While the love-it system generally works well, some people use it as "currency," and only give something if they have a love-it on a project.[2] Large amounts of love-its are sometimes given as prizes for unofficial contests. Some users also just give away "free love-its" instead of only loving what they enjoy.
Also, some people who have multiple alternate accounts can love a project one time per account; this means that one person can love a project several times with enough accounts, however this may result in an alert.
Trading Love-its
Although not as widespread as follow4follow, a smaller trend with the same concept has developed where users will trade love-its, so one user will love-it another user's projects, and vice-versa.
Some users have complained that love-its are increasing "fame".[3]
April Fools' Day
- Main article: April Fools' Day
On the April Fools' Day of 2014, the love-it symbol was replaced with a paw. This was meant to go along with the April Fools' Day theme of LOLCATZ.
On the April Fools' Day of 2015, the love-it symbol was replaced with a strawberry. This was meant to go along with the April Fools' Day theme of Edible Scratch.


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The Poor Man's James Bond (vol. 1)
Intended originally for the political Right, The Poor Mans James Bond is now geared for use by the Civil Authorities. It embodies all the practical paramilitary knowledge collected and studied by dissident groups through-out America. It is a kind of Reader's Digest of do-it-yourself mayhem. Sections include the Still, Fougasse, How to Beat a Metal Detector, Evading Pursuit, Eleven Shot Twelve Gauge Shotgun, Blowing Up a Car, Napalm, Poisons and over fifty other fascinating items. 400+ p., diagrams and illus.
8-1/2" x 11", 400+ pages, diagrams & illus.


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"I definitely lived my Rocky movie." - Matt Serra
The best compliment you can probably pay to someone like Matt Serra, a former UFC world champion and Ultimate Fighter winner, is that from the time he first stepped into the Octagon in 2001 to today, he hasn't changed a bit.
Sure, he's a husband now, a father of two daughters (with a third on the way), and the owner of two jiu-jitsu academies in Long Island, New York, but as far as the person goes, Serra – who retired from MMA at the age of 38 last week – is still the same jokester, the same down to Earth ambassador for a sport that he entered when it was far from the juggernaut it is today.
Back then, MMA was still a mystery to the masses, even as the new owners of the UFC, Zuffa, were in the process of educating those who saw it as a glorified street fight. Guys like Serra knew better, having learned the gentle art of jiu-jitsu under one of its masters, Renzo Gracie. But there was plenty of brawler in the New Yorker, who learned how to throw hands early on.
"I was always a fighter, and I wasn't one to look for trouble, but it's really why I despise bullies," Serra recalled. "I used to get messed around with in seventh grade. Then I developed more and I was training with my father, it was almost like something out of the movies. (Laughs) And in the eighth grade I went back and I beat the crap out of some bullies. I did it the right way. You don't need firearms to take care of these bullies; you gotta stand up to them and show them who's boss. So I went from being a kid that was messed around with in seventh grade to a guy that was feared from the eighth grade on. So I knew what it was like to fight."
Years later, Serra saw the UFC and the Gracies, and his whole philosophy and life changed.
"When I discovered the Gracies, I become so engulfed with their philosophy, and back then, it was almost imbedded in you to not make it an exchange – that's making it a 50-50 gamble, so your best tactic is to close the distance and get the fight to the floor. And that became my philosophy."
Jiu-jitsu rapidly became a way of life for Serra, who was awarded his black belt by Renzo in 2000. By then, Serra had built a reputation on the grappling circuit and in MMA, and he garnered the interest of Japan's PRIDE organization, which signed him to compete at PRIDE 9 against Brazil's Johil de Oliveira. But after a pyrotechnics accident injured de Oliveira, Serra was left without a fight. And he wanted one.
"I was in such good shape I go 'Renzo, I want to do something right away.' Here's the Abu Dhabi trials in Indiana, it's an eight man tournament, Dennis Hallman was in there, one of the Gilbert brothers, and I said let me jump in that tournament. So I went there and I submitted three guys, and then the UFC took notice. They pretty much came to get Ricardo Almeida, but they recognized my work there, Renzo told them about me and that got me into the UFC."
He never left. From his memorable 2001 debut against Shonie Carter at UFC 31 to his final Octagon bout in 2010 against Chris Lytle, Serra fought nowhere but in the Octagon, going 7-7 while proving that he was much more than a win-loss record. But after a recent health scare in which he was forced to have a rib removed due to a condition (thoracic outlet syndrome) that saw his rib and collarbone pressing down on a vein and restricting blood flow, subsequently causing blood clots in his lung and bicep, Serra decided that he was going to put his dream of one more fight to the side and focus on his family and his schools.
"It's something I've been contemplating for a while now," he said. "It's not really so much wanting to retire – I always thought I had one more at least – but then after this recent thing with my health, it makes you look at what's really most important to you and what comes first. I believe it's time. I'm gonna be 39 years old in a couple days (on June 2), and like I've said before, an aging fighter is like an aging stripper (Laughs), but not nearly as funny, and nobody likes to see that. You've got to know when it's time. The problem is, the thrill of the fight, the thrill of getting your hand raised, being in the midst of battle, there's nothing like it in the world and that's why a lot of guys don't know when it's time to walk away. They know they'll never feel that again, and in that sense it's kind of depressing, but hey, what are you gonna do? Are you gonna try to keep pushing back the clock or trying to squeeze one more out?"
For all the memorable moments Serra provided in the Octagon over the years, whether it was the Carter fight, his bouts against the best in the lightweight division (BJ Penn, Yves Edwards, Din Thomas), his near knockout of Karo Parisyan, or his rivalry with Matt Hughes, he's always been sensible outside of it, so as someone who began preparing himself for life after fighting as his UFC career was beginning over a decade ago, you can expect that after saying he's done, he really is.
"I believe it is different for the guys who need that paycheck," said Serra. "Don't get me wrong; the UFC has been very good to me in that way and sometimes I look at that and I'm like 'oh man, one more fight and I can make this much more and I can put this down for a new house.' But at the same time, I had the health scare with blood clots where if I didn't go in when I did, the next stop is to either your heart or your brain, and then you're done. Then your life is over. So when you think of it in terms like that, it's like what makes you happiest? I was smart enough with my very first two UFC checks to open up Serra Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. I've been teaching here on Long Island for over a decade, and that's what I love doing. If I had all the money in the world, I would still do this. I love the art of the Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. Renzo says it the best: it's not about just teaching people to defend themselves; you're in the confidence building business. And I love that. I joke around a lot, but besides having some tough SOBs fighting for me and (Ray) Longo and Renzo, it's also about little kids that get bullied or women or men lacking confidence. It's like every time I go to work you're paying it forward. It's a very good feeling when you see someone get out of a headlock for the first time or pull off their first triangle. It's really satisfying, and I don't even consider it a job."
As for Serra's legacy in the fight game, the first thing everyone will point to is the night of April 7, 2007, when he shocked the world with what many consider to be the biggest upset in MMA history: a first round knockout of Georges St-Pierre to win the UFC welterweight title. Granted the title shot as the perk for winning the comeback season of The Ultimate Fighter in 2006, Serra was a prohibitive underdog, and he knew it. That didn't bother him much because he saw what everyone else saw in Montreal's GSP.
"When I saw him just destroying people – Sean Sherk, Frank Trigg, Matt Hughes, BJ Penn – guys with way better wrestling than me, I'm like, if I go in there with a straight up jiu-jitsu philosophy, this is going to be a long night because I'm most likely not getting him down, and trying to get him down, I'm gonna get tired and I've got a five round fight where I'm getting picked apart or destroyed. So I'm taking my chances standing."
It was a strategy no one expected, especially not St-Pierre. But those who saw Serra on the way up knew he could throw hands, and in his 2005 bout with Parisyan, he displayed his standup game to UFC fans, almost knocking "The Heat" out before gassing out and losing a decision.
"When I had to fight Karo Parisyan, I couldn't do too much grappling because I had a meniscus tear," Serra admits. "I could still run and do a lot of boxing, but I couldn't do a lot of straight up jiu-jitsu. But in that time I did a lot of hands and we got a lot of rounds in. And that was the first fight where I actually demonstrated it. I developed timing with a lot of stuff, and it wasn't honed yet, but there was a glimpse of it there."
That glimpse became a full-on revelation at Houston's Toyota Center in the main event of UFC 69, as Serra got it in his mind that the only way to win was to stand and trade with St-Pierre. And he didn't wave.
"I knew with what I was doing in sparring, hurting guys with 16 ounce gloves, that if I stood in the pocket with him, sure, he could hurt me, but I could really do some damage," said Serra. "That's why I was so confident that one way or the other, it was going to be an exciting fight and a do or die situation. I'm happy it was 'do.'"
At 3:25 of the first round, Serra had his knockout win and the UFC title. It was a moment etched in MMA history and one that will never be forgotten. If that's his legacy, "The Terror" is fine with that.
"I know at the end of the day I'm very fortunate to be where I'm at and to have the success I've had, and I'm happy with it," he said. "People can say what they want about me: I'm underrated, I'm overrated, I can care less. I'm secure with myself, my family's proud of me and my kids are proud of me, and that's all that counts."
Following the bout, Serra would square off with Hughes as coaches on season six of The Ultimate Fighter, and with his Noo Yawk accent, humor, and charisma, he was an instant hit and a bigger star than ever before. It never went to his head though, even when he became a video game character and had his own action figures and trading cards.
"The glory of it is beautiful," he said. "And I love the whole action figure stuff. When I used to go away for fights, my daughter Angelina would be sleeping with my little figurine, and I love that. That's so awesome. All that comes with it is great, but you can go two ways with success. You can either let it get to your head, or people are so nice to you that you can be nicer to people, and it's a win-win. You should be honored to have people that appreciate your work or like your jokes, or whatever it is, because they don't have to. And when they do, that's flattering."
Serra's reign would end a year later as St-Pierre got his revenge via second round TKO, but he went on to fight Hughes (L3) and Frank Trigg (KO1), and rematch Lytle (L3) in memorable contests that closed out his career. And win or lose, it was a good one, and one Serra is rightfully proud of.
"I'm so proud to have been involved with the UFC for as long as I have been, and to have the relationships I've formed there," he said. "I definitely lived my Rocky movie. But if they make my story a movie one day, there will be two reasons why mine will be better. MMA is way cooler than boxing; it's more exciting. Two, Rocky might have gone the distance with the champ and this and that, but I took my guy out, and I was up to his nipples. (Laughs) Talk about an underdog story. Move over Rocky, forget about Cinderella Man, this has got Hollywood written all over it."
Jamahal Hill Talks UFC 300 Main Event
Hall Of Fame


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Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more.
Commissioner Tally M. "Mark" Wisenbaker, Jr. is a native of Lowndes County, born October 10, 1951 in Valdosta, Georgia. He is a 1970 graduate of Woodward Academy and a graduate of Valdosta State College with a BBA in Management. Commissioner Wisenbaker left Valdosta to serve in the United States Navy. He later returned to Valdosta where he became owner/co-owner of several successful businesses. Commissioner Wisenbaker was co-owner of Tally's Lake Park Truck Stop from 1971 to 1977. He was production supervisor at Griffin Corp from 1977 to 1980. In 1980, Commissioner Wisenbaker became Regional Sales Representative for Chemical Specialties Inc. before he went on to become owner/operator of MAACO Auto Painting and Body Works in Mobile, Alabama from 1992 to 1996. He was also co-owner of Wisenbaker Driveline. Commissioner Wisenbaker was a Real Estate Professional, Associate Broker, and Broker from 1999 to 2010. Additionally, he currently holds a Georgia Real Estate Broker's License and is the co-owner/co-founder of Custom Relocation Specialists, LLC. Commissioner Wisenbaker is an active member in the community and is a current member of the Gideon South Camp, Sons of the American Revolution (SAR), and the Lake Park Chamber of Commerce. He is a past member of the American Wood Preservers Bureau, Valdosta/Lowndes County Chamber of Commerce, Valdosta Board of Realtors, and the Azalea City Kiwanis Club. Commissioner Wisenbaker has been married for forty-three years to Carol C. Wisenbaker. He has two children, Wendy and Tally, and four grandsons. He has been a member of First Baptist Church of Valdosta, Georgia for 27 years. His experiences and opportunities will greatly contribute to his position as a Lowndes County Commissioner, helping him serve the community positively and effectively.


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Our Commitment to Your Privacy
Your privacy is important to us. To better protect your privacy the following notice explains the information we collect, how it is used, how it is safeguarded, and how to contact us if you have any concerns.
1. Your Cookies Information:
Cookies are alphanumeric identifier text files that we transfer to your computers hard drive through your Web browser to enable our systems to recognize your browser and to provide features such as storage of items in your Shopping Cart between visits.
2. Your Privacy Information:
We value your privacy information,so your privacy information will be protected,hipsoccer.net is committed to safeguarding your privacy when making online purchases. When registering acount, users shall provide the personal registration information. And as part of the order process, we only collect following essential customer information: Name, Shipping/Billing, Address Email, Address Phone Number, Credit/Debit Card Information. The contact information is only used to get in touch with you when necessary. The information you provide to us is not given or sold to any outside party except for the shipping company delivering your order. We only share your shipping address and phone number with the shipping company. The information we collect from you is used only to process and ship your order. Your email address is used only to provide you with an order confirmation and tracking number. Your phone number is used to contact you in case of a problem with the fulfillment or delivery of your order. Your Credit Card information is only used to confirm whether the billing address is the same with the shipping address.
3. Contact Information:
If you have any questions, concerns, or comments about our privacy notice, please feel free to contact us at hipsoccer.net. We respect your privacy and we do not and will not willingly share the information you provide us with outside companies or organizations. We have your best interest at heart and believe you will appreciate our conviction to your security.


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Aldus Manutius
Venetian scholar, who became a publisher and printer when he founded the Aldine Press in 1495.
He introduced personal or pocket editions of the classics in Latin and Greek that all could own, as well as works by contemporaries Pietro Bembo and Erasmus. His typefaces were all designed and cut by the brilliant Francesco Griffo, a punchcutter who created the first roman type cut from study of classical Roman capitals.
Type designs based on work used by Aldus Manutius include Bembo and Poliphilus.


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Advanced Search
While Microsoft isn't talking specific dates yet (the live version is expected to debut in late 2009/early 2010), it is talking features -- including confirming that Windows Server 2008 R2 will be 64-bit only.
"32-bit is done," wrote Technical Product Manager Oliver Rist on a Windows Server blog post. "Frankly it was high time. Customers have been unable to purchase a 32-bit server CPU for over two years now, and the advancements in CPU architectures really dictated that we squeeze as much performance out of customers' hardware purchases as possible. The move to 64-bit is a first step."
Redmond is also playing up the new virtualization tools it will include in R2, particularly Live Migration, which it calls a "marquee" feature. "Think physical host migrations of running VMs happening in milliseconds -- no service or user connection interruptions," Rist wrote. "With Live Migration, data centers can truly go virtual and largely divorce management considerations between software and hardware, and all managed from inside a single OS frame."
Other virtualization-related features Redmond expects to include is a new version of Hyper-V -- "think mucho better management [and] beefier resources for VMs," Rist wrote -- plus the addition of a "true" Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) to Terminal Services. According to Rist, this will allow IT pros to deploy virtual desktops and applications "with such tight integration, most users will be unable to tell the difference between centrally hosted apps and those installed locally," Rist commented.
Another focus of Windows Server 2008 R2 will be what Microsoft is calling "streamlined management" -- with new "role-specific" server management UIs, a new graphic interface for PowerShell, plus an Active Directory Domain Services console and improved Group Policy tools.
IIS 7.0 is also getting tweaked for the upcoming release, offering "new PowerShell management support" and "new failover clustering updates," according to Rist.
Rist called another new feature, Direct Access (DA), the "sleeper feature" of the release. Working with the upcoming Windows 7 client OS (also previewed at PDC this week), DA will make remote computing "invisible" from the client perspective.
"Using technologies like SSTP and IPv6 combined with way-easy management UIs in Windows Server 2008 R2, admins can build remote computing policies that let users plug into any network, anywhere and see their local network resources -- completely secure, no clunky VPN required," Rist wrote. "As long as there's an outward network connection, DA takes care of everything in the background and automatically."
More information about Windows Server 2008 R2 can be found on Microsoft's Web site here.
About the Author
Becky Nagel is the vice president of Web & Digital Strategy for 1105's Converge360 Group, where she oversees the front-end Web team and deals with all aspects of digital projects at the company, including launching and running the group's popular virtual summit and Coffee talk series . She an experienced tech journalist (20 years), and before her current position, was the editorial director of the group's sites. A few years ago she gave a talk at a leading technical publishers conference about how changes in Web browser technology would impact online advertising for publishers. Follow her on twitter @beckynagel.
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The US Department of Commerce estimated that online shoppers spent $165.4 billion in 2010 and Vertex Inc. estimated the average state tax rate as 5.5224% during the first nine months of 2010. That says states are losing around $9.13 billion annualy in Internet sales tax.
That may be a small portion of our 14.7 trillion dollar GNP, but it would pay the salaries of a lot of state workers (especially professors :-), which would help the economy and make a lot of people happy.
But, aren't sales taxes regressive, taking a bigger percent of a poor person's income than a rich person's? For sure.
If it were up to me, I would raise revenue with a progressive tax that came out of the pockets of those better able to pay (like me) and corporations that take advantage of unreasonable loopholes..
But we are talking about sales tax, and my guess is that a sales tax on Internet purchases is relatively fair -- less regressive than general sales tax. Online shoppers tend to be relatively well off. They have computers, broadband connections to the Internet, credit cards, can accept daytime deliveries, etc.
We need emperical data on this question -- it would make a good thesis or dissertation if economists have not already studied it.
On balance, I favor taxing online sales, but if it turned out to be as regressive as our general sales tax, I would probably change my mind.
Regressive taxes are a bad idea for a couple of reasons. Most directly, they make the lives of poor people -- little kids and adults -- less happy. But they also reinforce the growing economic inequality in the United States.
What do
Namibia, South Africa, Lesotho, Botswana, Sierra Leone, Central African Republic, Haiti, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala, Honduras, Hong Kong, Paraguay, El Salvador, Chile, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Zambia, Niger, Swaziland, Gambia, Zimbabwe, Dominican Republic, Peru, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Costa Rica, Singapore, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nepal, Uruguay, Ecuador, Rwanda, Philippines, Uganda, and Jamaicahave in common?
According to the CIA World Factbook, they are the only nations with higher GINI coefficients than the United States, suggesting that their income inequality is even greater than ours. That is not very good company, and it does not make for a comfortable, sustainable place to live.


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by LZ Granderson
(CNN) — I went online this morning to see the Mountain Dew ad — the one some are calling the most racist in history — expecting to see some really offensive stuff. Instead, I saw some really silly stuff.
The goat's funny.
The names of some of the Black men in the lineup are hilarious.
The premise: ridiculous.
And I would think that's the point of a commercial with a talking goat. It's meant to be ridiculous and not taken seriously. It's comedy of the absurd, along the lines of Del Shores' "Sordid Lives," Jerry Seinfeld's parents on "Seinfeld" or "Dude, Where's My Car?"
Does it play on stereotypical imagery?
Yes, and because of that, I can see how some could be a bit put off by a police lineup featuring all Black men before a frightened White woman. But come on, one of the suspects' names is "Beyonte."
The circumstances surrounding the scene in the commercial are so outrageously over the top, I found myself snickering more than anything. Similar to the way I snickered during a skit featuring Dave Chappelle, who was making fun of racism with the creation of his character Clayton Bigsby, a blind White supremacist in the South.
And he's Black.
"You've never left this property, have you, Mr. Bigsby?"
"No, sir, not in many years."
"What if I were to tell you that you are an African-American?"
"Sir! Listen! I'm gonna make this clear. I am in no way, shape or form involved in any n***erdom!"
Classic Chappelle.
The Mountain Dew commercials' brand of frat-boy physical humor isn't everyone's thing. It could be seen as callous or making light of battered women. For me, though, the presence of a talking goat put me in a different "South Park"-ish mindset. There's a reason "South Park" remains a high-rated show, why "The Simpsons" is the longest-running sitcom in history, why a third installment of "The Hangover" is being released: A lot of people like dumb, frat-boy humor draped in fantasy.
And I'm not trying to say Tyler, the Creator (whose real name is Tyler Okonma) scripted a commercial that is as brilliant as anything we've seen on the "Chappelle Show." And because of the rape fantasies in his music and liberal use of homophobic slurs on Twitter, I question why the advertising executives at Mountain Dew thought it was a good idea to partner with him in the first place. But with all of that being said, I doubt his intent behind the commercial was to demonize Black men.
And that's the difference: intent.
A commercial that uses stereotypes has the potential to make any minority group featured in it uncomfortable, but is the Mountain Dew commercial really on par with, say, "Birth of a Nation," a film that blatantly uses disparaging caricatures of Black men to slander and promote fear? No, it isn't, so can we please step back from the ledge?
In fact, I would dare say the images of Black men in many of Tyler Perry's movies, which are widely supported by the Black community, are far more offensive than what I saw in that commercial.
Why? Because in Perry's films, the dramatization is intended to be based in reality, while a thirsty gangsta goat by the name of Felicia is not.
Thus I find the controversy to be as laughable as the Rev. Jerry Falwell saying the Teletubbies were bad for children because the purple one was gay.
You know, sometimes images in pop culture are obviously insensitive or offensive, such as Lil Wayne usurping the murder of Emmett Till to make a vulgar reference about sex. And sometimes it's all one giant inkblot, like a Rorschach test. No right or wrong answers, just a peek inside the skull of the people who consume pop culture.
The ad was pulled. I can't help but feel it's a sad, sad day when the policing of comedy gets to the point where we can't even laugh at a talking goat.
Editor's note: LZ Granderson, who writes a weekly column for CNN.com, was named journalist of the year by the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association and was a 2011 Online Journalism Award finalist for commentary. He is a senior writer and columnist for ESPN the Magazine and ESPN.com. Follow him on Twitter @locs_n_laughs.


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Harbour Plaza North Point a member of Harbour Plaza Hotels and Resorts.
Harbour Plaza Hotels & Resorts manage 11 hotels in Hong Kong, with more than 8,500 guest rooms, suites and serviced suites.
Harbour Grand Hong Kong and Harbour Grand Kowloon, two luxury grade hotels offering the finest hospitality to discerning travelers.
Harbour Plaza Metropolis, Harbour Plaza North Point, Harbour Plaza Resort City, Harbour Plaza 8 Degrees, Kowloon Harbourfront Hotel and The Kowloon Hotel, a distinctive selection of hotels providing tasteful accommodations to meet the needs of both leisure and business travellers.
Hotel Alexandra, a new design-focused hotel blending convenience, comfort and style.
Rambler Garden Hotel and Rambler Oasis Hotel, both providing travellers with a comfortable stay at affordable prices in Hong Kong.
The hotel group is a key player in the Asian hospitality industry and has received the Best Local Hotel Chain by TTG Travel Awards for ten consecutive years since 2010.


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See on Scoop.it – Developing Values in Communication
The importance of content marketing in a world inundated with data is becoming increasing apparent. In fact, if you aren't doing it, the money and time spent on what you are producing is frankly a waste. Content is now a vital part of search as marketers move away from thinking only in an overabundance of keywords. But what about story and the future of narrative? We looked back at a couple of the videos from our recent JUMP conference that highlighted the importance of story and looking at new ways to create it. Story should supersede platform Christy Amador is the Global Interactive Marketing Strategist at Coca-Cola, and she spoke at JUMP about how there has to be one 'north star' idea that links a campaign together. At Coca-Cola, it has been building its brand around telling great stories that make people happy. By being able to tell a good story you can roll that into any type of campaign….
See on econsultancy.com


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The Nissan e-NV200 is a pure-electric version of the gas-powered NV200 microvan. The automaker has just announced it will start field tests of its e-van this month in Saitama City (Saitama Prefecture) in Japan.
The Saitama City tests are among the latest performed by Nissan, which has been testing the e-NV200 in various locations since 2011. Elsewhere in Japan, for example, the EV have already been put through its paces by the AEONMALL Corporation and Coca-Cola Central Japan Co. FedEx Express ran its tests over in Singapore while British Gas drove the EVs around Europe.
Saitama, for its part, will use the Nissan e-NV200 as part of its business routine between city hall and the various municipal offices. The EV is part of the city's E-KIZUNA project which is looking on how such vehicles can deal with global warming and low-carbon emissions. Nissan, besides providing the vans, is also assisting with the development of charging stations and even how to promote EVs. Saitama, eventually, plans to use the data it gathers from the field test to recommend EVs into its vehicle fleet.
The Nissan e-NV200 made its debut here in the states last year at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. Like its fossil-burning sibling, the EV has a similar cargo space of 145 feet and 1,700-pound payload capacity. However, it borrows its powertrain from the Nissan Leaf which means it's powered by a 24 kWh lithium-ion battery coupled to an 80 kW electric motor. Fuel economy, according to the automaker, is roughly the same (129 mpge city/102 mpge highway/115 mpge combined) despite the e-NV200′s greater weight. Note that while the Nissan NV200 will hit the streets of New York later this year as the city exclusive taxi cab, the e-NV200 is tentatively scheduled to go into production around 2017.


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70.8% of the earth's surface is water and Shanghai is approaching a point of overflow. Future development will require the inhabitation of this surface area. In addition to a fascinating physical property caused by the surface tension of water, the meniscus is a strikingly relevant metaphor for the urban predicament of contemporary. As an urban metaphor, the meniscus is associated with periphery, threshold, development, and tension.
The Architectural Association visiting school workshop required designers to consider Shanghai's urban waterways as a necessary frontier for development. Directed by Tom Verebes and instructed by tutors Daniel Gillen and Soomeen Hahm, students analyzed the river dividing Pudong and Puxi districts present function and program in parallel with the urban fabric and use these factors to parametrically design future growth strategies.
The multinational students worked in section, to investigate the architectural response to fluctuation of the water table along the Z-Axis, with the intention of blurring the 0,0 fluid datum. Students were taught parametric software Grasshopper to geometrically define spaces and zones of population within the waterscape, utilizing natural properties found in water such as erosion, dissolution and fluid paths.
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U.S. Department of State
Office of the Spokesperson
For Immediate Release
Statement by Secretary Pompeo
June 3, 2019
On the 30th Anniversary of Tiananmen Square
On June 4, we honor the heroic protest movement of the Chinese people that ended on June 4, 1989, when the Chinese Communist Party leadership sent tanks into Tiananmen Square to violently repress peaceful demonstrations calling for democracy, human rights, and an end to rampant corruption. The hundreds of thousands of protesters who gathered in Beijing and in other cities around China suffered grievously in pursuit of a better future for their country. The number of dead is still unknown. We express our deep sorrow to the families still grieving their lost loved ones, including the courageous Tiananmen Mothers, who have never stopped seeking accountability, despite great personal risk. The events of thirty years ago still stir our conscience, and the conscience of freedom-loving people around the world.
Over the decades that followed, the United States hoped that China's integration into the international system would lead to a more open, tolerant society. Those hopes have been dashed. China's one-party state tolerates no dissent and abuses human rights whenever it serves its interests. Today, Chinese citizens have been subjected to a new wave of abuses, especially in Xinjiang, where the Communist Party leadership is methodically attempting to strangle Uighur culture and stamp out the Islamic faith, including through the detention of more than one million members of Muslim minority groups. Even as the party builds a powerful surveillance state, ordinary Chinese citizens continue to seek to exercise their human rights, organize independent unions, pursue justice through the legal system, and simply express their views, for which many are punished, jailed, and even tortured.
We salute the heroes of the Chinese people who bravely stood up thirty years ago in Tiananmen Square to demand their rights. Their exemplary courage has served as an inspiration to future generations calling for freedom and democracy around the world, beginning with the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of communism in Eastern Europe in the months that followed.
We urge the Chinese government to make a full, public accounting of those killed or missing to give comfort to the many victims of this dark chapter of history. Such a step would begin to demonstrate the Communist Party's willingness to respect human rights and fundamental freedoms. We call on China to release all those held for seeking to exercise these rights and freedoms, halt the use of arbitrary detention, and reverse counterproductive policies that conflate terrorism with religious and political expression. China's own constitution stipulates that all power belongs to the people. History has shown that nations are stronger when governments are responsive to their citizens, respect the rule of law, and uphold human rights and fundamental freedoms.


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July 6, 2006 If you're at all interested in science fiction memorabilia, the upcoming Hollywood Memorabilia auction on eBay might well be worth a look. First up, the star of the show is indeed not scifi but a genuine Buzz Aldrin Gemini XII / Apollo XI flight suit with original rank insignia and mission patches, which was worn during training for both missions by the second person to walk on the moon. It's the only flight suit of Aldrin's in private hands and is expected to fetch between US$120,000 and US$150,000. The movie memorabilia which will also go during the auction is quite breathtaking in its breadth and depth, and includes a complete T.I.E fighter pilot outfit from Star Wars, Liam Neeson's Light Saber from Star Wars - The Phantom Menace, the Proton Pack used by Bill Murray in GhostBusters II, an array of guns, bugs and clothing from StarShip Troopers, and dozens of futuristic gadgets and outfits used in Star Trek. Plus Arnie's leather jacket from Terminator III and a futurist police helmet from The Fifth Element and … follow the links.
Be sure to look through the image gallery for pages from the catalogue.
The lots for the auction can be browsed online here.


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Well-Known Hunter
Well, its been a slow process but my gauntlets are near completion. My left one is done for the most part. I still want to make my LED/switch functional when I get the time. I decided to try and finish the costume before I finish up the electronics. Here is my left gaunt. Right is about half done. Enjoy-
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Rule 7.04 Advertisements in the Public Media
(a) A lawyer shall not advertise in the public media that the lawyer is a specialist,
except as permitted under Rule 7.04(b) or as follows:
(1) A lawyer admitted to practice before the United States Patent Office may use the designation "Patents," "Patent Attorney," or "Patent Lawyer," or any combination of those terms. A lawyer engaged in the trademark practice may use the designation "Trademark," "Trademark Attorney," or "Trademark Lawyer," or any combination of those terms. A lawyer engaged in patent and trademark practice may hold himself or herself out as specializing in "intellectual Property Law," "Patent, Trademark, Copyright Law and Unfair Competition," or any of those terms.
(2) A lawyer may permit his or her name to be listed in lawyer referral service offices that meet the requirements of Article 320d, Revised Statutes, according to the areas of law in which the lawyer will accept referrals.
(3) A lawyer available to practice in a particular area of law or legal service may distribute to other lawyers and publish in legal directories and legal newspapers a listing or an announcement of such availability. The listing shall not contain a false or misleading representation of special competence or experience, but may contain the kind or information that traditionally has been included in such publications.
(b) A lawyer who advertises in the public media:
(1) shall publish or broadcast the name of at least one lawyer who is responsible for the content of such advertisement
(2) shall not include a statement that the lawyer has been certified or designated by an organization as possessing special competence or a statement that the lawyer is a member of an organization the name of which implies that its members possess special competence, except that:
(i.) a lawyer who has been awarded a Certificate of Special Competence by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization in the area so advertised, may state with respect to each such area, "Board Certified, [area of specialization]-Texas Board of Legal Specialization;" and
(ii) a lawyer who is a member of an organization the name of which implies that its members possess special competence, or who has been certified or designated by an organization as possessing special competence, may include a factually accurate statement of such membership or may include a factually accurate statement, "Certified [area of specialization] [name of certifying organization]," but such statements may be made only if that organization has been accredited by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization as a bona fide organization that admits to membership or grants certification only on the basis of objective, exacting, publicly available standards (including high standards of individual character, conduct and reputation) that are reasonably relevant to the special training or special competence that is implied ant that are in excess of the level of training and competence generally required for admission to the Bar; and
(3) shall state with respect to each area advertised in which the lawyer has not been awarded a Certificate of Special Competence by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, "Not Certified by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization," however, if an area of law so advertised has not been designated as an area in which a lawyer may be awarded a Certificate of Special Competence by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, the lawyer may also state, "No designation has been made by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization for a Certificate of Special Competence in this area."
(c) Separate and apart from any other statements, the statements referred to in paragraph
(b) shall be displayed conspicuously with no abbreviations, changes, or additions in the quoted language set forth in paragraph (b) so as to be easily seen or understood by an ordinary consumer.
(d) Subject to the requirements of Rule 7.02 and of paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this Rule, a lawyer may, either directly or through a public relations or advertising representative, advertise services in the public media, such as (but not limited to) a telephone directory, legal directory, newspaper or other periodical, outdoor display, radio, or television.
(e) All advertisements in the public media for a lawyer or firm must be reviewed and approved in writing by the lawyer or a lawyer in the firm.
(f) A copy or recording of each advertisement in the public media and relevant approval referred to in paragraph (e), and a record of when and where the advertisement was used, shall be kept by the lawyer or firm for four years after its last dissemination.
(g) In advertisements utilizing video or comparable visual images, any person who portrays a lawyer whose services or whose firm's services are being advertised, or who narrates an advertisement as if he or she were such a lawyer, shall be one or more of the lawyers whose services are being advertised. In advertisements utilizing audio recordings, any person who narrates an advertisement as if he or she were a lawyer whose services or whose firm's services are being advertised, shall be one or more of the lawyers whose services are being advertised.
(h) If an advertisement in the public media by a lawyer or firm discloses the willingness or potential willingness of the lawyer or firm to render services on a contingent fee basis, the advertisement must state whether the client will be obligated to pay all or any portion of the court costs and, if a client may be liable for other expenses, this fact must be disclosed. If specific percentage fees or fee ranges of contingent fee work are disclosed in such advertisement, it must also disclose whether the percentage is computed before or after expenses are deducted from the recovery.
(i) A lawyer who advertises in the public media a specific fee or range of fees for a particular service shall conform to the advertised fee or range of fees for the period during which the advertisement is reasonably expected to be in circulation or otherwise expected to be effective in attracting clients, unless the advertisement specifies a shorter period; but in no instance is the lawyer bound to conform to the advertised fee or range of fees for a period of more than one year after the date of publication.
(j) A lawyer or firm who advertises in the public media must disclose the geographic location, by city or town, of the lawyer's or firm's principal office. A lawyer or firm shall not advertise the existence of any office other than the principal office unless:
(1) that other office is staffed by a lawyer at least three (3) days a week; or
(2) the advertisement discloses the days and times during which a lawyer will be present at that other office.
(k) A lawyer may not, directly or indirectly, pay all or a part of the cost of an advertisement in the public media for a lawyer not in the same firm unless such advertisement discloses the name and address of the financing lawyer, the relationship between the advertising lawyer and the financing lawyer, and whether the advertising lawyer is likely to refer cases received through the advertisement to the financing lawyer.
(l) If an advertising lawyer knows or should know at the time of an advertisement in the public media that a case or matter will likely be referred to another lawyer or firm, a statement of such fact shall be conspicuously included in such advertisement.
(m) No motto, slogan, or jingle that is false or misleading may be used in any advertisement in the public media.
(n) A lawyer shall not include in any advertisement in the public media the lawyer's association with a lawyer referral service unless the lawyer knows or reasonably believes that the lawyer referral service meets the requirements of Article 320d, Revised Statutes.
(o) A lawyer may not advertise in the public media as part of an advertising cooperative or venture of two or more lawyers not in the same firm unless each such advertisement:
(1) states that the advertisement is paid for by the cooperating lawyers;
(2) names each of the cooperating lawyers;
(3) sets forth conspicuously the special competency requirements required by Rule 7.04(b) or lawyers who advertise in the public media;
(4) does not state or imply that the lawyers participating in the advertising cooperative or venture possess professional superiority, are able to perform services in a superior manner, or possess special competence in any area of law advertised, except that the advertisement may contain the information permitted by Rule 7.04(b)(2); and
(5) does not otherwise violate the Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct.
(p) Each lawyer who advertises in the public media as part of an advertising cooperative or venture shall be individually responsible for:
(1) ensuring that each advertisement does not violate this Rule; and
(2) complying with the filing requirements of Rule 7.07.
Comment- Rule 7.04
1. Neither Rule 7.04 nor Rule 7.05 prohibits communications authorized by law, such as notice to members of a class in class action litigation.
Advertising Areas of Practice and Special Competence.
2. Paragraphs (a) and (b) permit a lawyer, under the restrictions set forth, to indicate areas of practice in advertisements about the lawyer's services. See also paragraph (d). The restrictions are designed primarily to require that accurate information be conveyed. These restrictions recognize that a lawyer has a right protected by the United States Constitution to advertise publicly but that the right may be regulated by reasonable restrictions designed to protect the public from false or misleading information. The restrictions contained in Rule 7.04 are based on the experience of the legal profession in the State of Texas and ale designed to curtail what experience has shown to be misleading and deceptive advertising. To ensure accountability, sub-paragraph (b)(1) requires identification of at least one lawyer responsible for the content of the advertisement.
3. Because of long-standing tradition a lawyer admitted to practice before the United States Patent Office may use the designation "patents," "patent attorney" or "patent lawyer" or any combination of those terms. As recognized by paragraph (a)(1), a lawyer engaged in patent and trademark practice may hold himself or herself out as concentrating in "intellectual property law," "patents, or trademarks and related matters," or "patent, trademark, copyright law and unfair competition" or any of those terms.
4. Paragraph (a)(2) recognizes the propriety of listing a lawyer's name in legal directories according to the areas of law in which the lawyer will accept new matters. The same right is given with respect to lawyer referral service offices, but only if those services comply with statutory guidelines. The restriction in paragraph (a)(2) does not prevent a legal aid agency or prepaid legal services loan from advertising legal services provided under its auspices.
5. Paragraph (a)(3) permits advertisements by lawyers to other lawyers in legal directories and legal newspapers, subject to the same requirements of truthfulness that apply to all other forms of lawyer advertising. Such advertisements traditionally contain information about the name, location, telephone numbers, and general availability of a lawyer to work on particular legal matters. Other information may be included so long as it is not false or misleading. Because advertisements in these publications are not available to the general public, lawyers who list various areas of practice are not required to comply with paragraph (b).
6. Some advertisements, sometimes known as tombstone advertisements, mention only such matters as the name of the lawyer or law firm, a listing of lawyers associated with the firm, office addresses and telephone numbers, office and telephone service hours, dates of admission to bars, the acceptance of credit cards, and fees. The content of such advertisements is not the kind of information intended to be regulated by Rule 7.04(b). However if the advertisement in the public media mentions any area of the law in which the lawyer practices, then, because of the likelihood of misleading material, the lawyer must comply with paragraph (b).
7. Sometimes lawyers choose to advertise in the public media the fact that they have been certified or designated by a particular organization or that they are members of a particular organization. Such statements naturally lead the public to believe that the lawyer possesses special competence in the area of law mentioned. Consequently, in order to ensure that the public will not be misled by such statements, subparagraph (b)(2) and paragraph (c) place limited but necessary restrictions upon a lawyer's basic right to advertise those affiliations.
8. Rule 7.04(b)(2) gives lawyers who possess certificates of specialization from the Texas Board of Legal Specialization or other meritorious credentials from organizations approved by the Board the option of stating that fact. If a lawyer mentions in an advertisement in the public media an area of the law in which the lawyer practices and that lawyer has not been awarded a Certificate in the area advertised, then the lawyer must disclaim or, where applicable, state that no certification is available. See subparagraph (b)(e). Subparagraphs (b)(2) and (b)(3) require that the restrictions set forth be complied with as to each area of law advertised.
9. Paragraph (c) is intended to ensure against misleading or material variations from the statements required by paragraph (b).
10. Paragraphs (e) and (f) provide the advertising lawyer. the Bar, and the public with requisite records should questions arise regarding the propriety of a public media advertisement; Paragraph (e), like paragraph (b)(1), ensures that a particular attorney accepts responsibility for the advertisement. It is in the public interest and in the interest of the legal profession that the records of those advertisements and approvals be maintained.
Examples of Prohibited Advertising
11. Paragraphs (g) through (o) regulate conduct that has been found to mislead or be likely to mislead the public. Each paragraph is designed to protect the public and to guard the legal profession against these documented misleading practices while at the same time respecting the constitutional rights of any lawyer to advertise.
12. Paragraph (g) is a limited regulation of video and audio forms of advertising. It prohibits lawyers from misleading the public into believing a nonlawyer portrayer or narrator in the advertisement is one of the lawyers prepared to perform services for the public. It does not prohibit the narration of an advertisement in the third person by an actor, as long as it is clear to those hearing or seeing the advertisement that the actor is not a lawyer prepared to perform services for the public.
13. Contingent fee contracts present unusual opportunities for deception by lawyers or for misunderstanding by the public. By requiring certain disclosures, paragraph (h) safeguards the public from misleading or potentially misleading advertisements that involve representation on a contingent fee basis. The affirmative requirements of paragraph (h) are not triggered solely by the expression of "contingent fee" or "percentage fee" in the advertisement. To the contrary, they encompass advertisements in the public media where the lawyer or firm expresses a mere willingness or potential willingness to render services for a contingent fee. Therefore, statements in an advertisement such as "no fee if no recovery" or "fees in the event of recovery only" are clearly included as a form or advertisement subject to the disclosure requirements of paragraph (h).
14. Paragraphs (i), (j), (k) and (1) jointly address the problem of advertising that experience has shown misleads the public concerning the fees that will be charged, the location where services will be provided to the attorney who will be performing these services. Together they prohibit the same sort of "bait and switch" advertising tactics by lawyers that are universally condemned.
15. Paragraph (i) requires a lawyer who advertises a specific fee range of fees in the public media to honor those commitments for the period during which the advertisement is reasonably expected to be in circulation or otherwise expected to be effective in attracting clients, unless the advertisement itself specifies a shorter period. In no event, however, is a lawyer required to honor an advertised fee or range of fees for more than one year after publication.
16. Paragraph (1) prohibits advertising the availability of a satellite office that is not staffed by a lawyer at least on a part-time basis. Paragraph (j) does not require, however that a lawyer of firm identify the particular office as its principal one. Experience has shown that, in the absence of such regulation, members of the public have been misled into employing a lawyer in a distant city who advertises that there is' a nearby satellite office, only to learn later that the lawyer is rarely available to the client because the nearby office is seldom open or is staffed only by lay personnel. Paragraph (k) is not intended to restrict the ability of legal services programs to advertise satellite offices in remote parts of the program's service area even if those satellite offices are staffed irregularly by attorneys. Otherwise law-income individuals in and near such communities might be denied access to the only legal services truly available to them.
17. When a lawyer or firm advertises, the public has a right to expect that lawyer or firm will perform the legal services. Experience has shown that attorneys not in the same firm may create a relationship wherein one will finance advertising for the other in return for referrals. Nondisclosure of such a referral relationship is misleading to the public. Accordingly, paragraph (k) prohibits such a relationship between an advertising lawyer and a lawyer who finances the advertising unless the advertisement discloses the nature of the financial relationship between the two lawyers. Paragraph (l) addresses the same problem from a different perspective, requiring a lawyer who advertises the availability of legal services and who know or should know at the time that the advertisement is placed in the media that business will likely be refereed to another lawyer or firm, to include a conspicuous statement of that fact in any such advertising. This requirement applies whether or not the lawyer to whom the business is referred is financing the advertisements of the referring lawyer. It does not, however, require disclosure of all possible scenarios under which a referral could occur, such as an unforeseen need to associate with a specialist in accordance with Rule 1.01(a) or the possibility of a referral if a prospective client turns out to have a conflict of interest precluding representation by the advertising lawyer.
18. Paragraph (m) protects the public by forbidding mottos, slogans, and jingles that are false or misleading. There are, however, mottos, slogans, and jingles that are informative rather than false or misleading. Accordingly, paragraph (m) recognizes an advertising lawyer's constitutional right to include appropriate mottos, slogans, and jingles in advertising.
19. Some lawyers choose to band together in a cooperative or joint venture to advertise. Although those arrangements are lawful, the fact that several independent lawyers have joined together in a single advertisement increases the risk of misrepresentation or other forms of inappropriate expression. Special care must be taken to ensure that cooperative advertisements identify each cooperating lawyer, state that each cooperating lawyer is paying for the advertisement, and accurately describe the professional qualifications or each cooperating lawyer. See paragraph (o). Furthermore, each cooperating lawyer must comply with the filing requirements of Rule 7.07. See paragraph (p).