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a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population, historically by excluding people and groups judged to be inferior and promoting those judged to be superior
Eugenics is a social philosophy which advocates the improvement of human hereditary traits through various forms of intervention.
Quotes edit
- 60,000 Reichsmark is what this person suffering from a hereditary defect costs the People's community during his lifetime. Fellow citizen, that is your money too. Read '[A] New People', the monthly magazine of the Bureau for Race Politics of the NSDAP.
- Anonymous, (1938).
- The more severely burdened should not propagate themselves… If we do nothing but make mental and physical cripples capable of propagating themselves, and the healthy stocks have to limit the number of their children because so much has to be done for the maintenance of others, if natural selection is generally suppressed, then unless we will get new measures our race must rapidly deteriorate.
- Eugen Bleuler (1924). Textbook of Psychiatry [Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie]. trans. A. A. Brill. New York: Macmillan. p.214.
- We civilised men do our utmost to check the process of elimination; we build asylums for the imbecile, the maimed, and the sick .... There is reason to believe that vaccination has preserved thousands... Thus the weak members of civilised societies propagate their kind. No one who has attended to the breeding of domestic animals will doubt that this must be highly injurious to the race of man. It is surprising how soon a want of care, or care wrongly directed, leads to the degeneration of a domestic race; but excepting in the case of man itself, hardly any one is so ignorant as to allow his worst animals to breed.
- Charles Darwin, 1871 (p. 501). The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. London: MacMillan.
- But if you can breed cattle for milk yield, horses for running speed, and dogs for herding skill, why on Earth should it be impossible to breed humans for mathematical, musical or athletic ability? Objections such as "these are not one-dimensional abilities" apply equally to cows, horses and dogs and never stopped anybody in practice. I wonder whether, some 60 years after Hitler's death, we might at least venture to ask what the moral difference is between breeding for musical ability and forcing a child to take music lessons. Or why it is acceptable to train fast runners and high jumpers but not to breed them. I can think of some answers, and they are good ones, which would probably end up persuading me. But hasn't the time come when we should stop being frightened even to put the question?
- Richard Dawkins, [ From the Afterword, The Herald Scotland, (November 20, 2006).
- Eugenics was not inspired by Darwin's natural selection but by ancient agricultural ARTIFICIAL selection. Eugenics is UNnatural selection.
- Richard Dawkins, Twitter (15 February 2015).
- One of the effects of civilisation is to diminish the rigour of the application of the law of natural selection. It preserves weakly lives that would have perished in barbarous lands.
- Francis Galton, 1865. Hereditary talent and character. MacMillan's Magazine, 12, 157-166; 318-327.
- There is a steady check in an old civilisation upon the fertility of the abler classes: the improvident and unambitious are those who chiefly keep up the breed. So the race gradually deteriorates, becoming in each successive generation less fit for a high civilisation.
- Francis Galton, 1869 (p.414). Hereditary Genius. London: MacMillan.
- The eugenics movement resists cramming into a single, unambiguous political box. ...When the Supreme Court, in the greatest victory [Buck v. Bell,] of the American eugenics movement, upheld compulsory sterilization of the mentally unfit in 1927, all liberal justices voted aye; the single dissent in this eight-to-one ruling was filed by [Pierce Butler,] the court's most conservative member, a catholic who upheld his church's position on reproductive controls.
- Stephen Jay Gould, "Does the Stoneless Plum Instruct the Thinking Reed," in Dinosaur in a Haystack (1955)
- I have studied with great interest the laws of several American states concerning prevention of reproduction by people whose progeny, in all probability, be of no value or be injurious to the racial stock. But the possibility of excess and error is still no proof of the incorrectness of these laws.
- Adolf Hitler according to Otto Wagener, in Hitler—Memoirs of a Confidant, editor, Henry Ashby Turner, Jr., Yale University Press (1985) pp. 145-146
- I like Scandinavians, skiing, swimming and socialists who realize it is our business to promote social progress by peaceful methods. I dislike football, economists, eugenicists, Fascists, Stalinists, and Scottish conservatives.
- Lancelot Hogben, in Stanley J. Kunitz, and Howard Haycraft,
Twentieth Century Authors, A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Literature, (Third Edition). New York, The H.W. Wilson Company, 1950, (pp. 658–59)
- All practices aimed at eugenics, any use of the human body or any of its parts for financial gain, and human cloning shall be prohibited.
- Hungarian Constitution (2011), Section 3, Freedom and Responsibility, Article III (3). [1]
- Eugenics is dead.
- Daniel Kevles, 1985. In the Name of Eugenics. New York: A. A. Knopf.
- Abortion hope after 'gay genes' finding.
- Jason Lewis, (16 July 1993) Daily Mail, headline; as quoted in Shea, Matthew; Lewis, Jacob, "We Spent Yesterday Talking to People Who Are Hated by the Daily Mail", VICE News, (7 October 2013).
- Birth control and abortion are turning out to be great eugenic advances of our time. If they had been advanced for eugenic reasons, it would have retarded or stopped their acceptance.
- Frederick Osborn (1889-1981), American Eugenics Society (AES) speech, 1974, quoted in Margaret Sanger's Eugenic Legacy: The Control of Female Fertility (2005), Angela Franks, McFarland & Co., Jefferson, North Carolina, ISBN 0786420111 ISBN 9780786420117 ch.2, Eugenics as the Control of Births, pp. 65, 83., [2][3] Citing, Frederick Osborn, "Notes on 'Paradigms or Public Relations: The Case of Social Biology,'" 2, 1/25/74, from FO papers, Notes on "Paradigms" folder. (see Franks, p. 270, n. 2, & p. 273, n. 105). [4]
- ... there is a fundamental difference between a regulatory system where eugenics [under whatever name] is practised for the well-being of the individual - whether human or non-human - and an authoritarian society where eugenics is practised for the notional benefit of a class, race or nation.
- David Pearce, Can Biotechnology Abolish Suffering? (2017), "The Reproductive Revolution"
- While modern social conditions are removing the crude physical checks which the unrestrained struggle for existence places on the over-fertility of the unfit, they may at the same time be leading to a lessened relative fertility in those physically and mentally fitter stocks, from which the bulk of our leaders have hitherto been drawn.
- Karl Pearson, 1901. National Life from the Standpoint of Science. London, Methuen.
- The only remedy, if one be possible at all, is to alter the relative fertility of the good and the bad stocks in the community.
- Karl Pearson, 1903. On the inheritance of the mental and moral characters in man. Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 33, 179-237.
- [T]he campaign for Birth Control is not merely of eugenic value, but is practically identical in ideal, with the final aims of Eugenics.
- Margaret Sanger, "The Value of Birth Control Propaganda," October, 1921. Birth Control Review, Oct. 1921, vol. 5, no. 10, p. 5 [5] [6]
- But I see a third motive which unconsciously plays an important part; it is the idea of sacrifice. A lunatic may cause the mental and economic decay of a family and also ruin it morally. If healthy human beings make great sacrifices for the community and lay down their lives by order of the state, the insane person, if he could arouse himself mentally and make a decision, would choose a similar sacrifice for himself. Why should not the state be allowed to enact this sacrifice in his case and impose on him what he would want to do himself?"
- Dr. Robert Servatius, attorney for Nazi war criminal Karl Brandt at Nuremberg, summing up the argument presented to the court in defense of the Nazi euthanasia program and Dr. Brandt's role therein: Nazi rationale for euthanizing the "unfit." "Final Plea for Defendant Karl Brandt, by Dr. Servatius," July 14, 1947, "The Medical Case" in Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law, (1949), No. 10, vol. II, October 1946 - April 1949, Nuenberg, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., p. 136. [7] This 15-volume series, also known as "The Green Series," focuses on the 12 trials of almost 200 defendants [8] [9] (Scholars have noted similarities between the language of Buck v. Bell and that of Dr. Robert Servatius, defense attorney for Dr. Karl Brandt at Nuremberg: "Brandt's attorney introduced documents quoting extensively from the eugenics literature. He cited Harry Laughlin's 1914 proposal calling for the sterilization of fifteen million Americans and also quoted a translation of the Buck v. Bell opinion from a German text on eugenics. Brandt's defense of Nazi experiments resulting in the death of concentration camp prisoners seemed to echo the Holmes opinion. Other Nuremberg defendants also cited Buck, and a translation of the Holmes opinion appeared again as a defense example in the exhibit 'Race Protection Laws of other Countries'." Three Generations, No Imbeciles: Eugenics, the Supreme Court, and Buck V. Bell, 2008, Paul A. Lombardo, Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 0801898242 ISBN 9780801898242 p. 239. [10]) See also: War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race, Edwin Black, Dialog Press; 2003, expanded edition, 2012, ISBN 0914153293 ISBN 9780914153290 [11][12]
- It appears after analyzing the Fabians rationale, that the ideological links of eugenic with democratic socialism is stronger than with Nazism, fascism and communism.
- Alberto Spektorowski and Liza Ireni-SabanQuote, Politics of Eugenics: Productionism, Population, and National Welfare (Extremism and Democracy), Routledge (2013) p. 46.
- To aid the bad in multiplying is, in effect, the same as maliciously providing for our descendants a multitude of enemies. Institutions which 'foster good-for-nothings' commit an unquestionable injury because they put a stop to that natural process of elimination by which society continually purifies itself.
- Herbert Spencer, 1874. Study of Sociology. London: MacMillan.
- We have seen more than once that the public welfare may call upon the best citizens for their lives. It would be strange if it could not call upon those who already sap the strength of the State for these lesser sacrifices, often not felt to be such by those concerned, in order to prevent our being swamped with incompetence. It is better for all the world, if instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime, or to let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind....Three generations of imbeciles are enough.
- Supreme Court of the United States rationale for sterilizing the "unfit." See: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., opinion in Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200, 207 (1927) (endorsing Virginia's eugenics program.)
- Selective breeding can alter man's capacity to learn, to keep sane, to cherish justice or to be happy. There is no more certain and economical a way to improve man's environment as to improve his nature.
- Edward Thorndike, (1913). Education Psychology: briefer course. p.13; as quoted by Richard Lynn, (2001). Eugenics: A Reassessment. Praeger.
- In the same way as the state demands the death of its best men as soldiers, it is entitled to order the death of the condemned in its battle against epidemics and diseases. No antique sacrifices to gods and demons are demanded any longer, only a well considered expiation as a help for the community and indeed exclusively in its interest.
- Trials of war criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law no. 10, Nuremberg, October 1946-April, 1949, Volume 1, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1949, p. 989. [13] (Jonathan P. Spiro notes that "The lawyer for Dr. Karl Brandt similarly (and repeatedly) argued that the life of the individual was expendable if it helped ensure the continued existence of the community....And in words that were remarkably similar to those of Oliver Wendell Holmes in Buck v. Bell, justified Nazi eugenics..." Defending the Master Race: Conservation, Eugenics, and the Legacy of Madison Grant, 2008, Jonathan Peter Spiro, University of Vermont Press, ISBN 1584657154 ISBN 9781584657156 p. 381. [14])
- In one of my last conversations with Darwin he expressed himself very gloomily on the future of humanity , on the ground that in our modern civilisation natural selection had no play and the fittest did not survive... It is notorious that our population is more largely renewed in each generation from the lower than from the middle and upper classes.
- Alfred Russel Wallace, 1890. Human selection. Popular Science Monthly 38: 90-102.
- … no man shall be subjected to any sort of mutilation or sterilisation except with his own deliberate consent, freely given.
- H. G. Wells, The Rights of Man, or what are we fighting for?, (1940)
See also edit
- Ronald Fisher and his book The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection


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Homebuilders recently scored a major tax victory by securing the ability to carry back certain losses — referred to as "applicable net operating losses (NOLs)" — for five years. Ordinarily, under the Internal Revenue Code — specifically, Section 172(b)(1)(A)(i) — an NOL can be carried back only two years preceding the taxable year in which the NOL was sustained.1 However, some homebuilders were not satisfied with only a five-year carryback and sought to classify a portion of their NOLs as "product liability losses," which are eligible for a 10-year carryback. But this effort has been summarily rejected by the Internal Revenue Service in a chief counsel advice memorandum (CCA).2
The taxpayer to which the CCA pertained was a "major homebuilder." The homebuilder incurred NOLs for its taxable years ending in Year 1 and Year 2, "because of severe weakness in the real estate industry." As explained in the memo, the homebuilder provides the buyers of its homes with a limited A-Year warranty on workmanship and defective materials, a limited B-Year warranty that says certain systems (such as septic systems) will satisfy specified performance standards, and a limited C-Year warranty on structural and major construction defects. Most of the deductions under consideration were for correcting A-Year warranty defects.
All or most of the liabilities incurred by the homebuilder were caused by "poor workmanship" in the installation of the parts and supplies that comprised the homes, rather than by inherently defective parts and supplies. At issue was whether the homebuilder's liabilities arising from its breach of warranties qualified as product liabilities. The answer was no.
Here's the rationale. The portion of an NOL that qualifies as a "specified liability loss" (SLL) may be carried back 10 years. In Section 172(f)(1)(A), the tax code defines an SLL, in part, as the sum of the following amounts: any amount allowable as a deduction under Section 162 or Section 165 that is attributable to (1) product liability or (2) expenses incurred in the investigation or settlement of, or opposition to, claims against a taxpayer based on product liability.
Further, 172(f)(4) defines product liability as liability of the taxpayer for damages caused by personal injury or emotional harm to individuals, or damage to or loss of the use of property caused by any defect in any product that is manufactured, leased, or sold by the taxpayer. The caveat: the injury, harm, or damage must arise after the taxpayer has completed or terminated operations with respect to, and has relinquished possession of, the product.
"[U]nder the tax rules…product liability does not include liabilities arising under warranty theories relating to repair or replacement of the property that are essentially contract liabilities." — Robert Willens
In short, product liability encompasses liability for damages caused by damage to or loss of the use of property caused by a defect in any product manufactured by the taxpayer.
"Property" Does Not Encompass the Product Itself
The IRS noted that some courts have concluded that buildings do not constitute "products" for product liability purposes.3 However, even if it is appropriate to treat the dwellings at issue here as products, the damages at issue do not qualify as product liability. This is because the products are the completed dwellings, and the damages at issue are damages to the product itself.
Such damages, the IRS concluded, do not constitute property damage under Section 172(f)(4). In fact, according to East River Steamship Corporation v. Transamerica Delaval, Inc., 476 US 858 (1986), "…damage to the product itself has certain attributes of a products liability claim…. But the injury suffered…is the essence of a warranty action, through which a contracting party can seek to recoup the benefit of its bargain…."
When a particular element, such as a window, becomes an integral part of a home, and a defect in the element or the faulty installation of the element results in damages to other parts of the home, the majority of courts have concluded that the problems constitute damages to the product itself. Therefore, the damages claimed do not constitute damages to other property.
The damages at issue in the CCA discussed in this column arose from warranty claims that the homebuilder's customers asserted against the company as a result of the failure of the homes to satisfy expectations related to quality. The products were the entire homes, not individual components that became an integral part of the homes. Consequently, all the liabilities that the homebuilder satisfied by repairing and replacing components of the homes related to the various warranties constituted contractual repair or replacement liabilities, not product liabilities. And under the tax rules, specifically Regulation Section 1.172-13(b)(2)(ii), product liability does not include liabilities arising under warranty theories relating to repair or replacement of the property that are essentially contract liabilities.4
The IRS further stated in the CCA memo that "…we are also of the view that the damages in this case are not attributable to a product defect…." To constitute product liability, the damages in question must be attributable to a product defect. Defects, the IRS noted, may be qualitative or may constitute safety defects. For Section 172(f)(4) purposes, the IRS concluded, defect means (only) a safety defect.
Although some of the defects giving rise to the damages at issue might, if left unattended for a sufficient period, ultimately result in the collapse of the structure, none of the defects made the homes "unreasonably dangerous." Therefore, the construction deficiencies did not make the homes defective within the meaning of Section 172(f)(4).
Accordingly, the portion of the NOL sustained by homebuilders attributable to repairing the homes pursuant to the warranties may not be carried back 10 years. That portion of the NOL did not meet the standards for classification as a product liability loss. As a result, in this case, the liability for damages was not on account of damage to or loss of the use of property caused by any defect in any product manufactured by the homebuilder.
Contributor Robert Willens, founder and principal of Robert Willens LLC, writes a weekly tax column for CFO.com.
1 Section 13 of the Worker, Home Ownership, and Business Assistance Act of 2009, Public Law 111-92, amended Section 172(b)(1)(H) to allow taxpayers to carry back an applicable NOL for a period of three, four, or five years. An applicable NOL is the taxpayer's NOL for a taxable year ending after December 31, 2007, and beginning before January 1, 2010. Section 172(b)(1)(H)(iv) limits the amount of an NOL that a taxpayer elects to carry back to the fifth taxable year preceding the taxable year of the loss to 50% of the taxpayer's taxable income for the carryback year. Moreover, Section 172(b)(1)(H) does not apply to any taxpayer (or member of its affiliated group) that received certain benefits (even though repaid) under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.
2 See CCA 201006028, November 5, 2009.
3 See Heller v. Cadral Corporation, 406 N.E. 2d 88 (Ill. App. Ct. 1980).
4 See Harvard Secured Creditors Liquidation Trust v. I.R.S., 568 F.3d 444 (3rd Cir. 2009). A division of Harvard Industries (HI) manufactured "lock-nuts" for use in commercial and military aircraft. HI sold the lock-nuts to distributors who then sold them to manufacturers for incorporation into the aircraft. It was discovered that certain lock-nuts sold by HI to the distributors were defective. HI's largest customer, H, filed suit against HI based on the sale of defective lock-nuts. The suit was settled; HI paid H $820,000. In addition, HI entered into settlement agreements with several other distributors to which it had sold lock-nuts. In these settlements, HI forgave a total of $3,009,807 in accounts receivable arising from the sale of lock-nuts. At issue was whether the damages HI sustained were product liabilities. The answer was no. The Third Circuit noted that product liabilities encompass liabilities for damages resulting from damage to or loss of the use of property on account of any defect in any product manufactured by the taxpayer. The question, therefore, was whether the distributors' inability to resell the defective product qualifies as damage to or loss of the use of property. The court concluded that such inability did not qualify as damage to or loss of the use of the property. Where the only injury was to the product itself, the resulting loss is essentially the failure of the purchaser to receive the benefit of its bargain — typically the "core concern" of contract law. Citing East River Steamship Corporation with approval, the court concluded that "…a manufacturer…has no duty…under either a negligence or products liability theory to prevent a product from injuring itself…."

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t: 0116 241 8331 e: firstname.lastname@example.com
The Association for Psychological Therapies (APT) is a leading provider of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) training for professionals working in mental health and related areas.
We can deliver any of the following APT-Accredited DBT courses in 3 formats, making the training easily accessible to professionals based in London. It is the only DBT training that is APT accredited and gives access to APT's downloadable resources for use post-course. The formats available are:
Onsite - we bring the training to you for a group of up to 15 people, either face-to-face or 'online live'.
Online Anytime - study at your own pace, receiving the same credits as live training.*
Open - attend any of the courses as an individual, 'online live' via Zoom.
*DBT Essentials only
The Association for Psychological Therapies (APT) provides the following training in Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) .
A 3-day course.
Availability: onsite, open, online (live & anytime).
Instruction in the key components of DBT for those who want to add them to their repertoire without necessarily becoming 'a DBT therapist', and for those thinking of taking the first step in becoming a specialised DBT therapist.
DBT brings together a series of skills and techniques which are powerful and well chosen ones, for working with personality disorder as well as in other areas. Many people want to familiarise themselves with these skills without necessarily becoming a DBT therapist exclusively, and this 3-day course is for you if you are one of those people as well as if you are thinking of taking the first step in becoming a DBT therapist. As well as covering the 'overall concept of DBT', it covers its 'essential elements', namely the concepts of: Validation; Metaphor; Relentless Problem Solving; and Contingency Management, and the skills of: Mindfulness; Distress Tolerance; Interpersonal Effectiveness; and Emotional Regulation.
A 3-day course.
Availability: onsite, open, online live.
Running skills development groups is an important part of becoming proficient in DBT, and this course provides the coaching and practice to develop such skills.
This course lasts 3 days and is all about learning how to run groups for your clients to help them become skilled in key areas of relevance for them. The rationale is that patients need not only to be motivated, gain insights and knowledge etc, but usually also need to acquire skills in; Mindfulness, Interpersonal Effectiveness, Emotion Regulation, and Distress tolerance.
A 4-day course.
Availability: onsite, open, online live.
By attending the DBT Masterclass you are expected to substantially develop both your knowledge of DBT and your skills.
The major teaching techniques on this course are case presentation and discussion, video-presentations, and reflective exercises (where you analyse and describe the practice of DBT in your workplace). You will gain most benefit from this course if you leave a gap of several months between attending DBT Essentials / Running DBT Skills-Development Groups and this one, developing your DBT skills in those months so your have material to present and discuss on this course.
A 10-day course.
Availability: onsite, open, online live.
Providing 60 hours of training, it includes three courses plus an exam, leading to appropriate APT accreditation.
This is the most comprehensive training in DBT we currently provide, and it has inbuilt APT accreditation to Level 4 for those who complete the relevant exams and masterclass successfully.
A 3-day course.
Availability: onsite, open, online live.
Instruction in the key components of DBT for those who want to apply DBT to working with adolescents.
DBT brings together a series of skills and techniques which are powerful and well chosen ones, and DBT-A focuses it on working with adolescents. Whether you want to simply learn about DBT and how to apply it effectively, or are thinking of establishing a full DBT service, this course has it covered. The course covers the delivery of effective DBT at its most relevant for adolescents, including: confusion about self, impulsivity, lack of emotional control, interpersonal problems, family problems and dilemmas, high risk behaviours, including suicidal behaviour and non-suicidal self-injury.
The Association for Psychological Therapies has delivered training at the following locations in London, as well as throughout the UK and Ireland.
Below are FAQs that the APT receive about DBT training (course specific FAQs can be found on the relevant course page).
Yes, the majority of our training is provided this way – we come to you and training a group of 6-15 people for a fixed, all-inclusive fee, wherever you are in London.
Yes, we deliver DBT training throughout the UK and Ireland for the same fixed, all-inclusive fee.
Yes, all of our DBT courses are available for individuals to attend in Leicester (about an hour by train from St Pancras International), or you can study the course anytime online, wherever you are in London.
Yes. We are happy to provide our courses anywhere in the world for the standard UK fee plus the cost of one economy class return airfare from the British Isles to the location of the course.
Yes, all of our courses are accredited by the Association for Psychological Therapies (APT). This is given weight by the fact that over 150,000 professionals have attended APT courses. APT accreditation signifies that relevant information is presented in an engaging way, and every course is assessed on these two criteria, with the evaluation returned to the course-sponsor. The two scales (relevance and presentation quality) were obtained by factor-analysing what were previously 17 separate feedback ratings and finding that they all correlated with one or the other of the two crucial dimensions, which seemed to be 'relevance' and 'presentation quality'. If you are interested in whether a course is accredited/recognised by a specific other organisation then you need to ask that organisation. As a matter of policy APT does not seek accreditation from, and can't speak for, any other body.
Yes, upon completing DBT training with the APT you will receive the relevant level of APT-Accreditation. For further details regarding the APT Accreditation system for Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), click here.
Yes, a certificate will be emailed to you once we have received your registration. If you have completed an 'online anytime' course, you can download/print-off a certificate following completion of the course.
Our suggestion for a phased approach to the training would be as follows: Step one, attend the DBT Essentials course. This will give you APT's Level 1 accreditation in DBT. Step two, within a month or so, attend the Running DBT Skills Development groups course (which teaches you to convey crucial life skills to patients, usually in groups). This will give you APT's Level 2 accreditation in DBT. Step three, sit the (free of charge) exam online. This will give you APT's Level 3 accreditation in DBT. Deliver DBT to your patients, setting up as good a service as you can, for about six months. Then attend the Masterclass (four days). This will give you a chance to address any problems, build on good things that happened, check that you are running good consultation groups and giving telephone support, obtain an expert view on your service, and so on. This will give you APT's Level 4 accreditation in DBT. Most attendees should be able to reach this level. Any time after that, if you are very committed, to write a (specified) project aimed at obtaining APT's level 5 accreditation in DBT. This is a demanding project and only about half those who submit obtain a pass mark at the first attempt.
No, it is the service's responsibility to provide supervision. Where do people get it from? 1. Sometimes from local DBT-knowledgeable professionals (often clinical psychologists) either 1:1 or in groups. 2. other times as 'peer-supervision' (often people on the course who arrange properly to meet up – often in groups – to provide this for each other). 3. Also the DBT 'consult' is an inbuilt form of (peer) supervision. 4. Also our Masterclass has supervision elements in it, but as it is a once-off can't rightly be regarded as supervision, except as one component of a package.
Yes, we provide 'post-qualification' training, i.e. training for people who have a professional qualification. What entitles you to see patients is that professional qualification, and as a mental health professional you are expected to keep up-to-date with developments. This is why people attend APT courses. Having attended a course you are expected to use your professional judgement in applying what you have learned to your own situation. In keeping with that, APT courses aim to give you relevant skills and knowledge you can use in your own workplace.
If you are a mental health professional and complete the DBT Essentials course, you can rightly add that fact to you CV. You might say something like: I am a clinical psychologist and in 2023 I successfully completed APT's extended training in DBT. This involved attending 10 days of teaching spread over six months and passing a written exam.
No, anybody can do so, but the question arises as to the worth of the accreditation. Accreditation from the Association for Psychological Therapies (APT) is backed by fact of over 150,000 professionals having attended APT courses, the transparency as to what the different levels of accreditation mean, and the written evaluations testifying to the quality of the training provided.
The Association for Psychological Therapies offers various levels of accreditation to professionals who have completed APT training (or similar).
These annual awards were established to keep people 'enthused' and thinking about how they can apply DBT in their practice.
This is a major undertaking where organisations seek recognition that they are implementing DBT outstandingly well.


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Tracked ultrasound calibration studies with a phantom made of LEGO(r) bricks.
SPIE Medical Imaging 2014. 9036, 90362R. Soehl2014-manuscript.pdf (378.21 KB)
(2014). A Training Tool for Ultrasound-Guided Central Line Insertion with Webcam-Based Position Tracking.
Simulation, Image Processing, and Ultrasound Systems for Assisted Diagnosis and Navigation. Asselin2018c.pdf (321.64 KB)
(2018). Usability of a real-time tracked augmented reality display system in musculoskeletal injections.
SPIE Medical Imaging 2017: Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling. Baum2017a.pdf (889.77 KB)
(2017). Validation Of MRI To US Registration For Focal Hdr Prostate Brachytherapy Treatment.
(Boudam, K., Pinter C., Kadoury S., Lasso A., Fichtinger G., & Menard C., Ed.).Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Brachytherapy Society. 16, S56-S57. Poulin2017.pdf (1.17 MB)
(2017). Validation platform for ultrasound-based monitoring of thermal ablation.
SPIE - Medical Imaging. Pompeu-Robinson2010.pdf (6.86 MB)
(2010). Visual aid for identifying vertebral landmarks in ultrasound.
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(2018). Visual feedback mounted on surgical tool: proof of concept.
SPIE Medical Imaging 2016. 9786,
(2016). Visualization of scoliotic spine using ultrasound-accessible skeletal landmarks.
SPIE Medical Imaging 2017. Church2017a.pdf (814.95 KB)
(2017). Workspace Analysis and Calibration Method for Mobile Image Overlay System used for Image-Guided Interventions.
The Hamlyn Symposium on Medical Robotics - 2013. Anand2013b.pdf (915.32 KB)
(2013). 3D Modeling of Surgically Implanted Stent-Based Valves in the Mitral Position in Children.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery.
(2020). Accuracy analysis in MRI-guided robotic prostate biopsy.
International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. 8, 937-944. XuIJCARS2013.pdf (451.55 KB)
(2013). Augmented reality training platform for neurosurgical burr hole localization.
Journal of Medical Robotics Research. 4, 1942001-1 - 1942001-13. Baum2020a.pdf (646.88 KB)
(2019). Automated Intraoperative Calibration for Prostate Cancer Brachytherapy.
Medical Physics. 38, 6285-6299. Chen2011.pdf (1.81 MB)
(2011). C-arm angle measurement with accelerometer for brachytherapy: an accuracy study.
International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. Wolff2013b.pdf (707.35 KB)
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text: Rosalia & Bertille, Leona & the kids all went to church. Then Papa, Rosalia, & Bertille went to Belleville with 26 doz. eggs sold 12 doz. for 15¢ & the rest for 20¢. This eve. is meeting for the farmers again in the school hall. Papa is hauling wood this afternoon. He helped Henry fix fence yesterday afternoon. John McCarthy died & will be buried tomorrow. Uncle Fred & Aunt Mary came up this evening. Then we all went over to see there house across the street. Henry & family came too this eve. Henry went to the meeting. Jac. Neff was here this evening & wanted to see Uncle Fred for buying some seed potatoes from him. This afternoon Bertille washed the Chev. & Rosalia spaded a piece in the garden & sewed some lettuce seed. Some people up by Belleville were planting potatoes today already.


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Jimmy Carter: To Beat Trump, Democrats Cannot Scare Off Moderates
Jimmy Carter: To Beat Trump, Democrats Cannot Scare Off Moderates
Former President Jimmy Carter sees little hope for the U.S. to change its human rights and environmental policies as long as Donald Trump is in the White House, but he has a warning for his fellow Democrats looking to oust the current administration: Don't go too far to the left.
"Independents need to know they can invest their vote in the Democratic Party," Carter said Tuesday during his annual report at his post-presidential center and library in Atlanta, where he offered caution about the political consequences should Democrats "move to a very liberal program, like universal health care."
That's delicate — and, Carter admitted, even contradictory — advice coming from the 93-year-old former president, and it underscores the complicated political calculations for Democrats as they prepare for the November midterms and look ahead to the 2020 presidential election.
"Rosie and I voted for Bernie Sanders in the past," Carter noted.
He was referring to his wife, Rosalynn, and their support for the Vermont senator, an independent who identifies as a democratic socialist, over establishment favorite Hillary Clinton in the 2016 Democratic presidential primary. At another point, he pointed to California's environmental policies — limits on carbon emissions, stiffer fuel-efficiency standards — as the model for combating climate change.
Still, Carter stressed, Democrats nationally must "appeal to independents" who are souring on the current administration.
Trump's job approval rating, according to Gallup, has dipped to 40 percent, mostly because of declining support among independents.
Carter alluded to arguments from self-identified progressives that Democrats will sacrifice votes on the left if they don't embrace the liberal base: "I don't think any Democrat is going to vote against a Democratic nominee," and he insisted that he's not asking the left to sacrifice its goals, only to see that winning elections is necessary to accomplish any of them.
There is some historical irony in Carter's analysis. He came to the White House in 1976 from the moderate wing of the Democratic Party, and he clashed with party liberals, drawing a spirited primary challenge in 1980 from Massachusetts Sen. Ted Kennedy. Carter prevailed, but he was wounded, abandoned by Kennedy's most liberal supporters and unable to win over independents who helped deliver a landslide for Republican Ronald Reagan.
Carter's latest handicapping comes near the conclusion of a midterm primary season that has seen Democratic primary voters move the party to the left.
In some states and districts, that means nominating full-throated advocates of single-payer health care, a $15 minimum wage and abolishing or at least overhauling the federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency. In other races, it means nominees who back more cautious moves to the left, such as background checks before certain gun purchases, a "public option" health insurance plan to compete alongside private insurance policies, step raises for the minimum wage and an immigration overhaul that offers legal status to some immigrants in the country illegally.
Carter did not delve into those distinctions, instead offering a sweeping condemnation of his latest successor to remind Democrats of the stakes.
He denounced the administration's latest environmental policy proposal to make it easier for energy companies to release methane gas that contributes to climate change. He singled out Trump's policy of separating immigrant families at the border, including those seeking asylum.
"America is inherently committed to human rights, and I think in the future we will let that prevail," Carter said, "but for the next two years, I can't predict the imprisoned children are going to be any better off — unfortunately."
Carter has previously criticized Trump for his repeated falsehoods, and he's chided Trump for his hardline support for Israel over Palestinians. Yet Carter has found common ground with Trump on other foreign policy fronts, and did so again Tuesday.
While avoiding any mention of the special counsel's investigation into whether Trump's presidential campaign coordinated with Russia in the 2016 U.S. election, Carter said he has engaged for years with Russian President Vladimir Putin concerning the ongoing Syrian civil war.
"I have his email address," Carter said, adding that he and Putin share the same Russian river as their favorite spot for salmon fishing. That friendship, Carter said, means when Russia and other nations hold multilateral talks about the Syrian conflict, "Quite often they invite the Carter Center. … They do not invite the U.S. government."
Carter also praised Trump for meeting with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. Carter repeated his frustrations with the last Democratic president, Barack Obama, for not engaging more directly with the insular Asian nation. Carter said he's not sure Trump has made real progress yet with North Korea, but he endorsed calls for the U.S. to formally declare an end to the Korean War and normalize relations with Pyongyang.
"Let them be part of the community of nations," he said. "I think that would be enough in itself to bring an end to the nuclear program in North Korea."


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empy | |||||
SummaryA powerful and robust templating system for Python. Overview EmPy is a system for embedding Python expressions and statements
in template text; it takes an EmPy source file, processes it, and
produces output. This is accomplished via expansions, which are
special signals to the EmPy system and are set off by a special
prefix (by default the at sign, Expressions are embedded in text with the Getting the softwareThe current version of empy is 3.3.2. The latest version of the software is available in a tarball here: http://www.alcyone.com/software/empy/empy-latest.tar.gz. The official URL for this Web site is http://www.alcyone.com/software/empy/. RequirementsEmPy should work with any version of Python from 2.4 onward, including 3.x. LicenseThis code is released under the LGPL. Mailing listsThere are two EmPy related mailing lists available. The first is a receive-only, very low volume list for important announcements (including releases). To subscribe, send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com. The second is a general discussion list for topics related to EmPy, and is open for everyone to contribute; announcements related to EmPy will also be made on this list. The author of EmPy (and any future developers) will also be on the list, so it can be used not only to discuss EmPy features with other users, but also to ask questions of the author(s). To subscribe, send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com. Basics EmPy is intended for embedding Python code in otherwise
unprocessed text. Source files are processed, and the results are
written to an output file. Normal text is sent to the output
unchanged, but markups are processed, expanded to their results,
and then written to the output file as strings (that is, with the
Code that is processed is executed exactly as if it were entered
into the Python interpreter; that is, it is executed with the
equivalent of By default the embedding prefix is the at sign ( When the interpreter starts processing its target file, no modules
are imported by default, save the Indentation is significant in Python, and therefore is also
significant in EmPy. EmPy statement markups ( Activities you would like to be done before any processing of the main EmPy file can be specified with the -I, -D, -E, -F, and -P options. -I imports modules, -D executes a Python variable assignment, -E executes an arbitrary Python (not EmPy) statement, -F executes a Python (not EmPy) file, and -P processes an EmPy (not Python) file. These operations are done in the order they appear on the command line; any number of each (including, of course, zero) can be used. Expansions The following markups are supported. For concreteness below,
Control EmPy version 3 and above includes the ability to direct
conditional and repeated expansion of blocks of EmPy code with
control markups (the obsolescent "substitution" markups are
unavailable as of version 3.0). Control markups have analogs to
control flow structures in Python such as Control markups are designed to be used in precisely the same way that their internal Python analogues are used, except that the control markups are intended to be used where there is much more markup than control structure. Some control markups are considered "primary," (e.g., Since EmPy, unlike Python, cannot use indentation to determine where control structures begin and end, all primary control markups must be followed by a corresponding terminating control markup: @[PRIMARY ...]...@[end PRIMARY] (where @# If `person' is alive, show their age. @person.name is @ @[if person.isAlive]@person.age@[else]dead@[end if]. All primary markups must be terminated in this way, and the
keyword appearing in the appropriate @# Print all non-false elements on separate lines. @[for elem in elements]@[if elem]@elem@\n@[end if]@[end for] Three major types of primary control markups are available:
conditional (e.g., @# Walk a long a linked list, printing each element. @[while 1]@ @node @{node = node.next}@ @[if not node]@[break]@[end if]@ @[end while] The provided markups are designed to mimic the internal Python control structures as closely as possible. The supported control markups are (the phrases in all uppercase are intended to signify user-selectable patterns): @[if CONDITION1]...@[elif CONDITION2]...@[else]...@[end if] @[try]...@[except ...]...@[except ...]...@[end try] @[try]...@[finally]...@[end try] @[for VARIABLE in SEQUENCE]...@[else]...@[end for] @[while CONDITION]...@[else]...@[end while] @[def SIGNATURE]...@[end def] All recognizable forms behave like their Python equivalents; The third type of primary control markup is "definitional," in
that they create objects in the globals for later use (e.g.,
@[def f(x, y, z=2, *args, **keywords)]...@[end def] would define a function in the globals named def SIGNATURE: r"""CODE""" # so it is a doc string empy.expand(r"""CODE""", locals()) That is, it creates a Python function with the same name and function arguments, whose docstring is the contents of the EmPy markup that will be expanded when called. And, when called, it will expand those contents, with the locals passed in. Unicode supportEmPy version 3.1 and above includes intrinsic Unicode support. EmPy's Unicode support defers to Python's internal Unicode support, available in Python 2.0 and up, in order to allow seamless and transparent translation of different encodings to the native Python Unicode format. Knowledge of Python's Unicode support is expected, although not completely required, to gain full benefit of EmPy's Unicode features. To enable Unicode support, start EmPy with the -u/--unicode option. EmPy will then transparently encode from the input stream, process markups internally with native Unicode, and then decode transparently to the output stream. By default, Python sets However, encodings for newly created files (files to be read when
specified on the command line, and/or files to be written when
used with the -o and -a arguments) can be specified for EmPy via
command line options. The --unicode-encoding option
simultaneously indicates the encoding to be used for both input
and output, whereas the --unicode-input-encoding and
--unicode-output-encoding options can each be used to specify
different encodings for both input and output. (If an encoding is
not explicitly indicated, it resorts to the system default in
Python's Unicode implementation has the concept of error handlers,
registered with the Remember, to specify input encodings or errors that will take
effect, one cannot take input from Combined with the --no-prefix option, which disables all markup processing, EmPy can act merely as an encoding translator, relying on Python's Unicode facilities: em.py --no-prefix \ --unicode-input-encoding=utf-8 \ --unicode-output-encoding=latin-1 \ -o filename.Latin-1 filename.UTF-8 Significators Significators, introduced in EmPy version 1.2, are intended to
represent special assignment in a form that is easy to externally
parse. For instance, if one has a system that contains many EmPy
files, each of which has its own title, one could use a Significators look like the following: @%KEY VALUE including the trailing newline, where "key" is a name and "value" is a Python expression, and are separated by any whitespace. This is equivalent to the following Python code: __KEY__ = VALUE That is to say, a significator key translates to a Python variable consisting of that key surrounded by double underscores on either side. The value may contain spaces, but the key may not. So: @%title "All Roads Lead to Rome" translates to the Python code: __title__ = "All Roads Lead to Rome" but obviously in a way that easier to detect externally than if
this Python code were to appear somewhere in an expansion. Since
significator keys are surrounded by double underscores,
significator keys can be any sequence of alphanumeric and
underscore characters; choosing Note the value can be any Python expression. The value can be
omitted; if missing, it is treated as Significators are completely optional; it is completely legal for a EmPy file or files to be processed without containing any significators. Significators can appear anywhere within a file outside of other markups, but typically they are placed near the top of the file to make them easy to spot and edit by humans. A regular expression string designed to match significators (with
the default prefix) is available as DiversionsEmPy supports an extended form of diversions, which are a mechanism for deferring and recalling output on demand, similar to the functionality included in m4. Multiple "streams" of output can be diverted (deferred) and undiverted (recalled) in this manner. A diversion is identified with a name, which is any immutable object such an integer or string. When recalled, diverted code is not resent through the EmPy interpreter (although a filter could be set up to do this). By default, no diversions take place. When no diversion is in
effect, processing output goes directly to the specified output
file. This state can be explicitly requested at any time by
calling the When diverted, however, output goes to a deferred location which
can then be recalled later. Output is diverted with the
Output send to diversions can be recalled in two ways. The first
is through the The diversion object itself can be retrieved with
Diversions can also be explicitly deleted without recalling them
with the Additionally there are three functions which will apply the above
operations to all existing diversions: The name of the current diversion can be requested with the
When all processing is finished, the equivalent of a call to
FiltersEmPy also supports dynamic filters, introduced in version 1.3. Filters are put in place right "before" the final output file, and so are only invoked after all other processing has taken place (including interpreting and diverting). Filters take input, remap it, and then send it to the output. The current filter can be retrieved with the
Filters are, at their core, simply file-like objects (minimally
supporting Filters also support three additional methods, not part of the
traditional file interface: To create your own filter, you can create an object which supports
the above described interface, or simply derive from the
firstFilter.attach(secondFilter) empy.setFilter(firstFilter) or just let EmPy do the chaining for you: empy.setFilter([firstFilter, secondFilter]) In either case, EmPy will walk the filter chain and find the end
and then hook that into the appropriate interpreter stream; you
need not do this manually. The function Subclasses of HooksThe EmPy system allows for the registry of hooks with a running EmPy interpreter. Originally introduced in version 2.0 and much improved in 3.2, hooks are objects, registered with an interpreter, whose methods represent specific callbacks. Any number of hook objects can be registered with an interpreter, and when a callback is invoked, the associated method on each one of those hook objects will be called by the interpreter in sequence. Hooks are simply instances, nominally derived from the To use a hook, derive a class from More than one hook instance can be registered with an interpreter;
in such a case, the appropriate methods are invoked on each
instance in the order in which they were registered. To adjust
this behavior, an optional All hooks can be enabled and disabled entirely for a given
interpreter; this is done with the For a list of supported hook callbacks, see the As a practical example, this sample Python code would print a pound sign followed by the name of every file that is included with 'empy.include': class IncludeHook(empy.Hook): def beforeInclude(self, name, file, locals): print "# %s" % name empy.addHook(IncludeHook()) Custom markupSince version 3.2.1, the markup '@<...>' is reserved for user-defined use. Unlike the other markups, this markup has no specified meaning on its own, and can be provided a meaning by the user. This meaning is provided with the use of a "custom callback," or just "callback," which can be set, queried, or reset using the pseudomodule function. The custom callback is a callable object which, when invoked, is passed a single argument: a string representing the contents of what was found inside the custom markup '@<...>'. To register a callback, call By default, to invoke a callback (either explicitly with
Pseudomodule The The pseudomodule contains the following functions and objects (and
their signatures, with a suffixed First, basic identification:
Context manipulation:
Globals manipulation:
The following functions allow direct execution; optional
The following functions relate to source manipulation:
Changing the behavior of the pseudomodule itself:
Prefix-related functions:
Custom markup callback:
Invocation Basic invocation involves running the interpreter on an EmPy file
and some optional arguments. If no file are specified, or the
file is named
Environment variablesEmPy also supports a few environment variables to predefine certain behaviors. The settings chosen by environment variables can be overridden via command line arguments. The following environment variables have meaning to EmPy:
Examples and testing EmPy See the sample EmPy file ./em.py sample.em and compare the results and the sample source file side by side. The sample content is intended to be self-documenting, and even an introduction to the basic features of EmPy while simultaneously exercising them. The file ./test.sh By default this will test with the first Python interpreter available in the path; if you want to test with another interpreter, you can provide it as the first argument on the command line, e.g.: ./test.sh python2.1 ./test.sh /usr/bin/python1.5 ./test.sh jython A more comprehensive test suite and set of real-world examples is planned for a future version. Embedding EmPy For atomic applications, the import em print em.expand("@x + @y is @(x + y).", x=2, y=3) One can specify a globals dictionary and all the other interpreter options (below) as well. One can specify a globals dictionary that will be used if one wants persistence: import em g = {} em.expand("@{x = 10}", g) print em.expand("x is @x.", g) The standalone import em interpreter = em.Interpreter() # The following prints the results to stdout: interpreter.string("@{x = 123}@x\n") # This expands to the same thing, but puts the results as a # string in the variable result: result = interpreter.expand("@{x = 123}@x\n") # This just prints the value of x directly: print interpreter.globals['x'] # Process an actual file (and output to stdout): interpreter.file(open('/path/to/some/file')) interpreter.shutdown() # this is important; see below One can capture the output of a run in something other than stdout by specifying the output parameter: import em, StringIO output = StringIO.StringIO() interpreter = em.Interpreter(output=output) # Do something. interpreter.file(open('/path/to/some/file')) interpreter.shutdown() # again, this is important; see below print output.getvalue() # this is the result from the session When you are finished with your interpreter, it is important to call its shutdown method: interpreter.shutdown() This will ensure that the interpreter cleans up all its overhead,
entries in the interpreter = em.Interpreter(...) try: ... finally: interpreter.shutdown() The
Many things can be done with EmPy interpreters; for the full
developer documentation, see the generated documentation for the
Interpreter options The following options (passed in as part of the options dictionary
to the Interpreter constructor) have the following meanings. The
defaults are shown below and are also indicated in an
Data flowinput -> interpreter -> diversions -> filters -> output Here, in summary, is how data flows through a working EmPy system:
Author's notesI originally conceived EmPy as a replacement for my Web templating system which uses m4 (a general macroprocessing system for Unix). Most of my Web sites include a variety of m4 files, some of which are dynamically generated from databases, which are then scanned by a cataloging tool to organize them hierarchically (so that, say, a particular m4 file can understand where it is in the hierarchy, or what the titles of files related to it are without duplicating information); the results of the catalog are then written in database form as an m4 file (which every other m4 file implicitly includes), and then GNU make converts each m4 to an HTML file by processing it. As the Web sites got more complicated, the use of m4 (which I had originally enjoyed for the challenge and abstractness) really started to become an impediment to serious work; while I am very knowledgeable about m4 -- having used it for for so many years -- getting even simple things done with it is awkward and difficult. Worse yet, as I started to use Python more and more over the years, the cataloging programs which scanned the m4 and built m4 databases were migrated to Python and made almost trivial, but writing out huge awkward tables of m4 definitions simply to make them accessible in other m4 scripts started to become almost farcical -- especially when coupled with the difficulty in getting simple things done in m4. It occurred to me what I really wanted was an all-Python solution.
But replacing what used to be the m4 files with standalone Python
programs would result in somewhat awkward programs normally
consisting mostly of unprocessed text punctuated by small portions
where variables and small amounts of code need to be substituted.
Thus the idea was a sort of inverse of a Python interpreter: a
program that normally would just pass text through unmolested, but
when it found a special signifier would execute Python code in a
normal environment. I looked at existing Python templating
systems, and didn't find anything that appealed to me -- I wanted
something where the desired markups were simple and unobtrusive.
After considering between choices of signifiers, I settled on As I developed the tool, I realized it could have general appeal, even to those with widely varying problems to solve, provided the core tool they needed was an interpreter that could embed Python code inside templated text. As I continue to use the tool, I have been adding features as unintrusively as possible as I see areas that can be improved. A design goal of EmPy is that its feature set should work on several levels; at each level, if the user does not wish or need to use features from another level, they are under no obligation to do so. If you have no need of diversions, for instance, you are under no obligation to use them. If significators will not help you organize a set of EmPy scripts globally, then you need not use them. New features that are being added are whenever possible transparently backward compatible; if you do not need them, their introduction should not affect you in any way. The use of unknown prefix sequences results in errors, guaranteeing that they are reserved for future use. Glossary
AcknowledgementsQuestions, suggestions, bug reports, evangelism, and even complaints from many people have helped make EmPy what it is today. Some, but by no means all, of these people are (in alphabetical order by surname):
Known issues and caveats
Wish listHere are some random ideas for future revisions of EmPy. If any of these are of particular interest to you, your input would be appreciated.
Release history
AuthorThis module was written by Erik Max Francis. If you use this software, have suggestions for future releases, or bug reports, I'd love to hear about it. Even if you try out EmPy for a project and find it unsuitable, I'd like to know what stumbling blocks you ran into so they can potentially be addressed in a future version. VersionVersion 3.3.2 $Date: 2004-01-25 $ $Author: max $


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5.2. Mailing List
You are welcome to use the Linux-IrDA mailing list for posting questions, answers, bug-reports, patches, suggestions and comments about Linux-IrDA. Please note that mailinglist doesn't accept mail from non-subscribers. This is to provide high signal-noise ratio and avoid spam. For subscribing and unsubscribing point your browser to irda-users and here you will find Linux-IrDA mailing list control page. Read on "Subscribing to Linux-IrDA" section and fill email address field and password field (twice). Then press "Subscribe" button.
To post a message to all the list members, send email to <firstname.lastname@example.com>. Before asking questions consider this as a last resort after reading the documentation and searching Google or the search engine of your choice. Please check the archive for answers to your questions also. It will be much easier quicker to help you, if you provide some information. Please include the output of:
uname -a cat /proc/net/irda/discovery setserial -g -a /dev/ttyS* findchip irdadump |


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Bobbi Kristina Brown's loved ones came together Friday evening for the 22-year-old's wake in Atlanta.
Whitney Houston's mother Cissy Houston and Pat Houston were seen arriving together at the funeral home around 6 p.m. to say their unimaginably difficult goodbyes.
Meanwhile, Bobby Brown and his wife Alicia—along several other members of the Brown family—were seen waiting in the cars as the Houstons were inside the home.
Upon their departure, per People, Bobby and Alicia made their way inside to see Bobbi Kristina.
A funeral service will be held at St. James United Methodist Church at 11 a.m. tomorrow morning, according to NBC affiliate WXIA.
E! News has also learned that there will be a burial in New Jersey on Monday.
It has been five days since Bobbi Kristina passed away, after nearly seven months in a comatose state stemming from a January 31 incident where she was found unconscious in a bathtub at her home.
The Houston family released the following heartbreaking statement after Bobbi Kristina's tragic death:
"Bobbi Kristina Brown passed away Sunday, July 26 2015, surrounded by her family. She is finally at peace in the arms of God. We want to again thank everyone for their tremendous amount of love and support during these last few months."
Shortly thereafter, Bobby released his own statement, saying, "Krissy was and is an angel. I am completely numb at this time. My family must find a way to live with her in spirit and honor her memory. Our loss is unimaginable. We thank everyone for the prayers for Krissy and our family as we mourn my baby girl."


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Construction Equipment Guide
470 Maryland Drive
Fort Washington, PA 19034
Tue January 22, 2013 - National Edition
Three demolition contractors who have been on the ground cleaning up following the deadly 2011 earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand, will give their first-hand descriptions of how the demolition industry has responded to the disaster in a major metropolitan city. The multimedia presentation takes place at the National Demolition Association's 40th Anniversary Convention in San Diego on March 25.
"The U.S. Geological Survey, the science organization of the U.S. government, has predicted with a 99 percent certainty that there will be a similar magnitude earthquake in California in the next 30 years," said Michael R. Taylor, executive director of the global trade organization. "Our panel of experts who have been working there for the last two years dealing with everything from downed utilities, lack of food, housing and power, hazardous materials disposal and the safe demolition of damaged structures will give a compelling presentation at our convention."
The goal of the presentation, Taylor added, is to enable government disaster response agencies, seismic experts, and the public at large learn how California can deal in a similar and productive way after such a disaster.
The presentation entitled "Christchurch: The Disaster and its Cleanup" will be made by L. Mark Loizeaux, president of Controlled Demolition Inc., Peter Ward, president of Ward Demolition Ltd. in Auckland, NZ; and John Weber, former president of Iconco/LVI Demolition Services in Oakland, Calif.
The 6.3 magnitude New Zealand earthquake caused damage across the city, especially in the central city and eastern suburbs. Experts say the damage was made worse by buildings, roads and bridges that were already weakened by a 7.1 magnitude 2010 earthquake in the Canterbury region.
The National Demolition Association Convention takes place at the Hilton Bayfront San Diego, beginning March 23 and concluding March 26. The exhibit hall next door at the San Diego Convention Center features the world's largest exposition of demolition equipment, products and services.
The keynote speaker on March 25 is former U.S. Navy Commander Mike Abrashoff, author of the best selling book It's Your Ship: Management Techniques from the Best Damn Ship in the Navy. His talk is entitled "It's Your Ship: Achieving Breakthrough Performance." Following his talk, the association will present this year's Environmental Excellence Awards, recognizing public and private projects that show significant environmental conservation and community improvement.
Also on the convention schedule are educational sessions on civil and criminal liability and OSHA; maximizing scrap vendor profits; PCBs in caulk; and the city of San Diego's construction and demolition debris ordinance. The opening night celebration will be held aboard the USS Midway, one of America's longest-serving aircraft carriers.
The 40th Anniversary Convention is open to all professionals involved in the demolition process, including those in demolition contracting, general contracting, civil engineering, recycling, scrap, salvage and other industries.
The National Demolition Association is a non-profit trade organization representing approximately 1,000 U.S. and Canadian companies and many international firms that are involved in the demolition process. Membership includes demolition contractors, general contractors, civil engineering firms, and recycling, landfill, and salvage operations. The association's efforts help members stay abreast of environmental, regulatory and safety matters, keep regulators informed about issues facing the industry, increase public and industry awareness, and provide members with networking opportunities and information on the latest technical advances in equipment and services.
For more information, visit www.demolitionassociation.com.


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Wonder Wheel
In a career spanning 50 years and almost as many features, Woody Allen has periodically refined, reinvented, and redefined the terms of his art, and that's exactly what he does with his daring new film. We're in Coney Island in the 1950s. A lifeguard (Justin Timberlake) tells us a story that just might be filtered through his vivid imagination: a middle-aged carousel operator (James Belushi) and his beleaguered wife (Kate Winslet), who eke out a living on the boardwalk, are visited by his estranged daughter (Juno Temple)—a situation from which layer upon layer of all-too-human complications develop. Allen and his cinematographer, the great Vittorio Storaro, working with a remarkable cast led by Winslet in a startlingly brave, powerhouse performance, have created a bracing and truly surprising movie experience. An Amazon Studios release.


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Cogent Launches Notes Offering
WASHINGTON, D.C. June 18, 2019 — Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: CCOI) ("Cogent Communications") today announced that Cogent Communications Group, Inc. ("Cogent"), a wholly owned subsidiary of Cogent Communications, intends to commence an offering of €135,000,000 aggregate principal amount of senior notes due 2024 (the "Notes") to be offered and sold only to persons reasonably believed to be qualified institutional buyers in an unregistered offering pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act") and to certain non-U.S. persons in transactions outside the United States in compliance with Regulation S under the Act. The Notes will be guaranteed by Cogent's domestic subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions, and by Cogent Communications. The Notes and the guarantees will be unsecured and Cogent Communications will not be subject to the covenants under the indenture governing the Notes. If the offering is consummated, Cogent expects to use the proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes and/or to repurchase Cogent Communications' common stock or to pay special or recurring dividends to Cogent Communications' stockholders. There can be no assurance that the issuance and sale of the Notes will be consummated.
The information in this release does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any of the Notes. The Notes offering is not being made to any person in any jurisdiction in which the offer, solicitation or sale is unlawful. The Notes offered have not been registered under the Act, and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration requirements.
About Cogent Communications
Cogent Communications (NASDAQ: CCOI) is a multinational, Tier 1 facilities-based ISP. Cogent Communications specializes in providing businesses with high speed Internet access, Ethernet transport, and colocation services. Cogent Communications' facilities-based, all-optical IP network backbone provides services in over 200 markets globally.
Cogent Communications is headquartered at 2450 N Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. For more information, visit www.cogentco.com. Cogent Communications can be reached in the United States at (202) 295-4200 or via email at Cette adresse e-mail est protégée contre les robots spammeurs. Vous devez activer le JavaScript pour la visualiser..
# # #
Except for historical information and discussion contained herein, statements contained in this release constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements include, but are not limited to statements identified by words such as "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "estimates," "intends," "plans," "targets," "projects" and similar expressions. The statements in this release are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of Cogent Communications' management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Numerous factors could cause or contribute to such differences, including, among others, future economic instability in the global economy, which could affect spending on Internet services; the impact of changing foreign exchange rates (in particular the Euro to US dollar and Canadian dollar to US dollar exchange rates) on the translation of Cogent Communications' non-US dollar denominated revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities; legal and operational difficulties in new markets; the imposition of a requirement that we contribute to the United States Universal Service Fund on the basis of Cogent Communications' Internet revenue; changes in government policy and/or regulation, including rules regarding data protection, cyber security and net neutrality; increasing competition leading to lower prices for Cogent Communications' services; Cogent Communications' ability to attract new customers and to increase and maintain the volume of traffic on its network; the ability to maintain Cogent Communications' Internet peering arrangements on favorable terms; Cogent Communications' ability to renew its long-term leases of optical fiber that comprise its network; Cogent Communications' reliance on an equipment vendor, Cisco Systems Inc., and the potential for hardware or software problems associated with such equipment; the dependence of Cogent Communications' network on the quality and dependability of third-party fiber providers; Cogent Communications' ability to retain certain customers that comprise a significant portion of its revenue base; the management of network failures and/or disruptions; outcomes in litigation; and risks related to the offering of the Notes, including that such transaction may not be consummated, as well as other risks discussed from time to time in Cogent Communications' filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including, without limitation, Cogent Communications' Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and Cogent Communications' Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019. Cogent Communications undertakes no duty to update any forward-looking statement or any information contained in this press release or in other public disclosures at any time.


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Taking a Gap Year: What Students Should Consider
While most high school seniors are working hard to complete college applications, not every student is planning to head to campus next fall.
Taking a gap year after high school, common in many European countries, and the trend has become more popular with students in the U.S. as the cost of college continues to rise along with outstanding student loan debt.
"Students can use the year to refresh skills, gain experience, and learn of career opportunities that may ultimately direct their academic path," says Rita Toliver-Roberts, vice president of Academic Advancement at Peirce College. "Students can also utilize this time to search for additional financial support, such as scholarships or grants."
Rather than jumping into college after high school, some experts argue that taking time off allows students to explore interests, gain valuable experience and in turn, perform stronger academically when they enter college.
Research conducted by Robert Clagett, former dean of admissions at Middlebury College, shows students who take a gap year tend to outperform those who don't. Undergraduates at Middlebury College and the University of North Carolina who had taken a gap year before enrolling in college on average had a GPA 0.1 to 0.4 higher than predicted based on high school academic credentials.
"When students take this kind of time, they don't forget how to learn--they're much better students," says Holly Bull, president of the Center for Interim Programs, LLC. "I've had parents tell me their child would probably have dropped out after first semester or year because they were so turned off by their classes in the academic experience, but a gap year helped them get excited and gave them a focus."
Creating a Plan with Purpose
Students should ensure they are taking a gap year for the right reasons, such as feeling underprepared for the academic rigors of college, needing more time to find the right-fit school or wanting to seek out experiential opportunities and work/career experience, according to Toliver-Roberts.
"One of the bad reasons to take a gap year can be to just take a break--in our competitive society, taking a break, for the sake of simply 'resting' should not be an option," she says.
Bull also warns students against taking time off only for the sake of reapplying to schools in the hopes of being admitted to a "better" college.
"It's not a guarantee and it really defeats some of the core value of the gap year which is… really allowing somebody to say, who am I? What am I interested in? Let me go and follow up on these things and see where that goes and lead from that," she says.
It's vital for students to create a plan and identify specific goals for their gap year to avoid wasting time and money, says Robin Pendoley, founder and CEO of Thinking Beyond Borders.
"A gap year should be well structured to fill that specific need of finding that sense of direction and purpose for college," he says. "It's an important investment for them to be making of time, money and energy so that when they go on to college, they're going to be well-prepared to do that and to dive in passionately and effectively for those four years."
Finding the Right Gap Year Options
Depending on their goals and financial abilities, students have a plethora of options available to fill their gap year, from organized gap year programs, volunteer and service opportunities, internships, part-time jobs and specialized certifications.
"You have a whole pile of programs where there's more structured support and they're hooked in with peers and they're doing service work, adventure travel sightseeing, language immersion," says Bull.
Exploring different fields of interest can help students decide what major to pursue in college and gain valuable skills at the same time to later quantify to a future employer, says Liz Kuenstner, a former gap year student through Thinking Beyond Borders and a graduate of Columbia University.
"It can give you concrete experience towards what you think that you're looking for but it also might reveal that what you think you're really interested in, you don't actually want to do for the next four years of your life," she says. "If you're doing something pre-professional, it's really valuable just to get inside the office and see what day to day life is like and how people adjust."
Gaining gap year work experience not only helps students become more acquainted with the ins and outs of a professional atmosphere, Pendoley explains it can also lead to additional resume-building opportunities.
"After having four different internships over two semesters, going to college and applying for internships, fellowships, jobs during their college experience, [students are] being offered almost everything they apply for specifically because they have four different experiences and employers really value that," he says.
Because students can customize gap year plans to fit their financial, social and professional needs, finding a sense of direction for college rather than floundering from major to major is an invaluable investment, says Kuenstner.
"Having very small group cohesion in travelling with 15 other students for a year provided me something that Columbia certainly never did—it was a more intimate, personalized experience," she says. "I wouldn't say that I came out at the end knowing exactly what I wanted to do, but it gave me the tools to think about how I wanted to do college."


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ATLANTIC CITY, New Jersey – The new Revel Resort and Casino in Atlantic City has raised the stakes for the area's luxury hotels—it's the tallest structure in the city and boasts a 150,000-square-foot casino, 13 restaurants, four nightclubs, 1,900 hotel rooms—and approximately 125 audio/video systems all installed within a 335-day project schedule throughout a sprawling 44-story facility, highlighted by HARMAN's JBL loudspeakers, along with BSS Audio processors and Crown amplifiers.
"Our firm has successfully accomplished many large-scale projects but this one may be, by far, our largest project to date," said Tom Knauss, Owner of KMK Technologies, LLC, an Independent Technical Service Provider with offices in south New Jersey and Chappaqua, New York. KMK worked closely with Revel's prime AV contractor and HARMAN dealer for the project, Total Video Products. TVP is a Top 50 AV Systems Integrator located in Mickleton, New Jersey. Cerami & Associates of New York served as the systems design firm and overall technology consultant to the project architect and Revel ownership. "The project scope included a 25-room technology-rich conference center, approximately 28 meeting rooms, four nightclubs, multiple swimming pools and spas, 13 first-class restaurant venues, high-end hotel suites, an extensive broadcast tie-line system, facility-wide signage systems and background music systems throughout the massive resort property," Knauss said.
The extensive scope of work was designed and implemented as four major subsystems. Back of House systems include employee dining rooms, conference rooms, meeting rooms, an employee training center and a variety of employee support facilities providing presentation, audio conference, video conference and public address system capabilities. The Front of House systems encompassed the hotel lobbies, indoor pools, outdoor pools, a Sky Garden with magnificent views of the Atlantic Ocean, world-class spa facilities, an upscale shopping mall and other public spaces spread across several floors. Within the hotel tower and high roller suites, designed by Cerami & Associates, KMK and Total Video outfitted two 44th floor Presidential Suites with state-of-the-art entertainment systems.
KMK and Total Video also integrated audio/video systems for the variety of restaurants, nightclubs and entertainment venues throughout the property. Cerami & Associates was given design criteria to ensure commonality in the A/V systems between these different locations, to guarantee easy maintenance from space to space and similar operational subsets within the hotel. "The backbone of each system was the same—including the front of house and back of house, pools areas, roof deck and sky garden," said Bruce Manning, CTS, Associate Principal of Cerami & Associates. "They are all discrete sub-systems existing within the single main system."
The signature restaurants include Amada by Chef Jose Garces, the American Cut Steakhouse run by Iron Chef Marc Forgione, a Mediterranean restaurant known as Azure by Allegretti and Mussel Bar & Grille by Chef Robert Wiedmaier. Nighttime revelers can party in four entertainment venues including two that are decidedly out of the ordinary: HQ Nightclub which is spread out over two floors with a large open central dance floor and Ivan Kane's Royal Jelly Burlesque Nightclub, which features an unusual combination of impressive dance routines and a dynamic live band performing rock and roll cover songs carefully woven with the authentic multi-track recordings by the original artists. High-energy DJ entertainment can be found in and around the Royal Jelly venue and throughout the resort facility on any given evening.
The equipment inventory of HARMAN products is impressive, to say the least. The system features over 650 JBL Control 26CT, 251 Control 24CT and 108 Control 226CT ceiling speakers, more than 150 other JBL loudspeakers and approximately 640 channels of Crown CTs Series amplifiers. Signal processing is accomplished by a decentralized array of BSS Audio Soundweb London processors, including 10 BLU-800, a dozen BLU-80 processors, six BLU-160 signal processors, two BLU-32 CobraNet I/O expanders and a variety of BLU-BIB and BLU-BOB2 break-out boxes. CobraNet audio distribution is accomplished over an extremely robust, owner-provided 10-gigabit network.
"The Revel project was conceived as more of a resort destination than a casino, and the goal was for everything, up to and including the AV systems, to be first-rate," Knauss noted.
"From a product performance standpoint, a project of this size and the demands of such a rigorous schedule leaves little room for product failure," Knauss added. "Out of box and early use failures or delivery problems can be devastating to the project schedule, client satisfaction and the integrator's bottom line. In spite of the vast array of products deployed, no Crown, BSS Audio or JBL products exhibited any level of failure during the system installation or since. Crown CTs amplifiers have provided reliable service on our projects for over 15 years and their performance on this impressive deployment further emphasizes their dependable track record. The BSS Audio components worked perfectly and regarding JBL—there are more than 1,100 JBL speakers in this installation and not one has failed to date."
"We have successfully accomplished a significant share of system projects across a variety of markets including performing arts, commercial AV, corporate facilities, houses of worship and entertainment facilities such as Revel and we have found BSS Audio signal processing to a reliable, fundamentally sound processing solution for projects of the magnitude of Revel as well as our most basic system endeavors. The importance of that flexibility of scale cannot be understated," Knauss continued. "On this project we had to interface the BSS processing systems within the hotel's dedicated IT infrastructure. The owners were insistent regarding the need to maintain a single facility-wide IT network that would successfully integrate and deploy our extensive AV system requirements directly adjacent to and in harmony with, critical data systems serving a 2,000-room hotel, an expansive gaming floor and day-to-day administrative operations. The known difficulties of integrating the AV requirements associated with a system of this size on a multi-task network with such critical and demanding needs was a daunting task from the outset of the project, and directly contradictory to the intentions and recommendations of the project professionals. Our staff, TVP's DSP designers and Revel's network integration team, however, successfully accomplished this seemingly impossible task. The BSS products and limited but important factory support helped make this a seamless process."
"Another major benefit of working with HARMAN products was the serviceability of the HARMAN brands," Manning added. "Those companies stepped up tremendously and were available at a moment's notice to provide whatever we needed."
Cerami & Associates specified a variety of other JBL Control models for Revel's lobbies, hallways, conference rooms and other areas, as the dispersion provided by the Control 47's conical Radiation Boundary Integrator (RBI) waveguide made the speaker well-suited to high-ceiling areas. In addition, eight pairs of JBL LSR2328P powered studio monitors were installed in DJ booths throughout several of the first-class restaurants. Rather than typical fixed sources for background music, Cerami's design included music "workstations" similar to a DJ booth where the venue operators could personally adjust the music programming for the venue throughout the day and evening.
In the end, the system designed by Cerami and installed by TVP/KMK has performed flawlessly. "We dealt with a significant volume of product and if there were any failures in the field and we had to replace any products, I'd know about it," Knauss said. "With respect to the HARMAN products implemented on this project, that just didn't happen."
KMK Technologies is a founding member of the Independent Technical Service Provider Council within InfoComm International. For more information on KMK Technologies, please visit www.kmk-technologies.com
For more information on Total Video Products, please visit www.totalvideoproducts.com
For more information on Cerami & Associates, please visit www.ceramiassociates.com