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Get Other VW Golf repair manuals click hereNEW hardcover 304 pagesVolkswagen Golf & Vento (Petrol & Diesel) 1992 - 1998 Haynes Owners Service & Repair Manual covers: Golf Hatchback and Estate and Vento Saloon, including special/limited editions, Covers Golf Estate to August 1999 and Saloon badged 'VW Jetta' in certain markets. DOES NOT cover 'Ecomatic' or four-wheel-drive (Syncro) Petrol Engines Covered:
About VW Golf The Volkswagen Golf is actually a small family car manufactured by Volkswagen since 1974 and marketed worldwide across six generations, in various body configurations and under various nameplates - considering that the Volkswagen Rabbit in the United States and Canada (Mk1 and Mk5), in addition to the Volkswagen Caribe in Mexico (Mk1). The front-wheel drive Golf was Volkswagen's first successful replacement to get the air-cooled Volkswagen Beetle. Historically, it truly is Volkswagen's best-selling model and the world's third best-selling model, much more than than 25 million built by 2007. Most production belonging to the Golf was initially involved in the 3-door hatchback style. Other variants include a 5-door hatchback, estate/wagon (Variant, from 1993), convertible (Cabriolet and Cabrio, 1979-2002), as well as a Golf-derived notchback saloon/sedan, variously called Volkswagen Jetta, Volkswagen Vento or Volkswagen Bora (from 1979). The cars have filled many market segments, from basic personal cars, to high-performance hot hatches. The Golf name is derived from the German word for Gulf Stream - along with the period in its history when VW named vehicles after prominent winds, including also the Passat (following on from the German word for Trade wind), Jetta (as soon as the Jet stream), Bora (after Bora) and Scirocco (after Sirocco). "Golf" can be a sport, a theme may possibly be shared together with the Volkswagen Polo. Every generation of Golf is really a runner-up in to the European Car of the season awards, but just one single has become a winner, the Golf Mk3 in 1992. Launched in 1999, the Volkswagen Golf Mk4 (or VW Typ 1J) was the very best selling car in Europe in 2001 (though it slipped to second place, behind the Peugeot 206, in 2002). The Mk4 was a deliberate make an work to take the Volkswagen Golf series further upmarket, who has a high-quality interior and higher equipment levels. Overall the quality of maturity belonging to the design as well as target audience were also evident - the humorous plays found on the movie which resulted in special edition models of the three earlier generations being called "Golf Ryder", "Golf Driver", to not ever mention the GTI's "golf ball" gearlever knob were dropped, and replaced that has a more subtly styled golf ball knob.It was replaced in 2004 by the Volkswagen Golf Mk5. The Golf Mk4 would have been a significant car in its class. With regards to its big brother, not only was it site of Volkswagen moving its products upmarket to plug a gap between the mainstream machines and then the premium cars, with SEAT and Ã�ÃÃkoda taking over just like the mainstream inside of a new level of interior quality and sophistication never seen before due to a mainstream brand while in the class. The fact is that, the products the Golf was on a par with its sister Audi A3 by means of year before, but cost considerably far more than other cars in its class.The latest model remained faithful in direction of Golf concept but included a few of the new "arched" styling themes first seen found on the Mk4 Passat Volkswagen spawned a saloon version belonging to the Mk4 Golf. As with previous incarnations of the Golf, it had specific to it identity, and also this time was referred to as Volkswagen Bora and also the name Jetta remained in Canada And America and South Africa. Unlike its predecessors, the Bora/Jetta featured unique rear doors, front wings and bonnet. The front doors were truly the only body panels it shared together with the Golf. The interior, though, was almost the same as the Golf, featuring very minor styling changes like its predecessor. Germany, Republic Of South Africa, Slovakia, Brazil, Belgium, and China all made the Golf 4. Eastern European locations making the Golf 4 included Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in VogoÃ�ÃÃca (near Sarajevo), which also made Mk1 and Mk2 models. However, as well as the Bosnian Mk4 was popular it was pretty only that make up the local market. The Golf/Jetta Mk4 engine choices included 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.3 litre V5, 2.8 litre V6 and 3.2 litre R32 petrol engines, along with a 1.9 litre turbodiesel, with power covering anything from 68 to 150 PS (50 to 110 kW). Volkswagen made a choice of three and five-door hatchback or maybe a five-door station wagon available. The European Golf wagon was nearly the same as its northern border American Jetta Wagon. The actual only real difference was the employment of the Golf front headlights, bumpers, grille, and fenders due to the fact parts are interchangeable relating to the Mk4 Golf and Bora/Jetta. The Golf 4 was introduced to Canada And America in mid-1999. Available engines for any of the Golf at its introduction on to the American market were a 2.0 L gasoline engine, as well as a thrifty (48mpg) 1.9 L TDI engine. The latter soon developed a good reputation for good low-speed torque and miles per gallon, as well as operate on alternative biofuels. In 2004 the updated 1.9L TDI PD or "Pumpe-DÃ�ÃÃse" engine was set up on the Golf and Jetta. The "Pumpe-DÃ�ÃÃse" or Pump Nozzle had been a Robert Bosch extreme high pressure fuel injection system for direct cylinder injection. A 1.8 L turbocharged gas engine was introduced in 2000, as well as 12-valve 2.8 L VR6. In addition, the 1.6 L 8-valve unit was replaced while using the 16-valve unit originating from a Polo GTI, but detuned to 77 kW (105 PS). The 2.0 L gasoline engine was the beds base engine active in the sportier GTI only just like a 1999.5 model. For 2000, Volkswagen opted to get a relatively new 1.8 L turbocharged gasoline engine to be a base engine to get a GTI. The top-of-the-line GLX model was backed up with Volkswagen's torquey 2.8 L VR6, which put out an impressive 174 hp (130 kW). The VR6 engine, because of its narrow 15-degree Vee design, was unique to Volkswagen. This engine is shorter and lighter (featuring a single cylinder head) than other V6 engines which benefits the handling characteristics of this front-wheel drive car. To make the 2002.5 model year Volkswagen introduced a 24-valve version of the company's VR6 engine. This engine had the exact same torque characteristics belonging to the older 12-valve version, with an extra 26 hp (19 kW). The 1.8T and VR6 models continued until 2005, when the Mk4 platform came to an end in North America. Both the Mk4 Golf and then the Mk4 Jetta are still in production in Brazil, Mexico, and China as of 2008. The Brazilian Golf TDI PD was sold in Canada because popularity just like a full 2006 models in base, GL and GLS trim levels for any of the full model year as there was clearly no diesel engine versions for a particular North American 2007 Mk5 Golf (Rabbit). In Europe, trim levels were country-specific, although some people might markets got E, S, SE, GTI and V5/V6/V6 4MOTION versions. The V5 was that make up 150 bhp (110 kW) and 170 bhp (130 kW) versions VW Golf and Vento Service and Repair Manual 1992 - 1998 Haynes 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997


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With Google, IBM, SAP, Intel and other tech titans reporting earnings this week, the focus is again on mobile and cloud technology. The general trend appears to be that the further a tech vendor has moved away from its legacy desktop-oriented products, the better its earnings are.
IBM has launched ambitious cloud and mobile initiatives -- but the resulting products are not quite fully baked. IBM officials themselves acknowledge as much, with IBM CEO Ginni Rometty talking about "positioning ourselves for growth over the long term" in the company's earnings release Thursday.
Earlier this year, IBM announced a global competition to encourage developers to create mobile consumer and business apps powered by its Watson supercomputer platform. Just this week, IBM and Apple said they are teaming up to create business apps for Apple's mobile phones and tablets.
But such projects have a ways to go before they reach fruition. Meanwhile, IBM revenue growth is flagging. Its second-quarter revenue was US$24.4 billion, down 2 percent year over year. Profit jumped 28 percent year over year, to $4.1 billion, but that was mainly because it compares to a quarter when net earnings were unusually low due to a billion-dollar charge the company took for workforce rebalancing.
Though both revenue and profit beat analyst forecasts, at first blush investors appeared disappointed, driving down IBM's share price overnight. IBM shares gained back ground Friday but in early afternoon trading were still down by $0.60 at $191.89.
SAP seems to be riding the transition to cloud while incrementally boosting revenue. The company Thursday reported that, though software revenue continued to decline, cloud-based sales rose.
The maker of ERP (enterprise-resource-planning) software reported that revenue rose by 2 percent year over year to €4.2 billion (US$5.7 billion) in the quarter. SAP's cloud subscription and support revenue was €241 million in the quarter, up 52 percent. Due to provisions for its patent dispute with software maker Versata, however, its net profit dropped year on year by 23 percent to €556 million.
As usual, Google was the earnings star of the week, reporting Thursday that its core advertising business fueled a 22 percent year-over-year increase in sales, to $15.96 billion. Profit was $3.42 billion, up almost 6 percent year over year.
It's hard to say how much of this is due to mobile, since Google does not break out numbers for mobile and desktop ads. However, Google has been working on a range of projects designed to get its software on mobile devices. Many of those projects are years away from contributing significantly to the company's bottom line, so for now the company essentially runs on its tremendous ad business.
One issue is that ads on mobile devices cost less than ads for other platforms and as a result, even as the company successfully makes the transition to mobile, the average cost-per-click of its ads went down by about 7 percent last quarter. Google officials say that as mobile computing becomes more imbued with work and recreation, ads on mobile platforms will become more remunerative.
Investors seem to agree, as Google shares rose Friday by $21.09 to hit $601.90 in afternoon trading.
On its part, Yahoo said Tuesday that sales for the second quarter were $1.08 billion, down 4 percent year over year, while revenue excluding traffic acquisition costs was down 3 percent to $1.04 billion.
During her two-year tenure as CEO, Marissa Mayer has revamped cloud and mobile services such as Flickr, launched digital video projects and overhauled its news strategy, but critics point to a lack of a coherent strategy. Company shares are being kept afloat due in large part to its huge stake in Chinese Internet giant Alibaba, which is about to go public in the U.S.
One area of tech that bucked the general trend for cloud- and PC-related sales was the market for semiconductors, which was given a boost by unexpected good news for PC sales during the second quarter. While market research firms had slightly different numbers, it appears that the decline in PC sales halted, or nearly so, in the quarter thanks in part to the move to replace aging Windows XP PCs.
The better-than-expected PC market helped Intel, which is in the middle of its transition to offering a wide range of components for mobile devices. Intel Tuesday reported a profit of $2.8 billion, up a whopping 40 percent year over year, while revenue was $13.8 billion, up 8 percent.
Intel rival Advanced Micro Devices said Thursday that second-quarter revenue was $1.44 billion, up 24 percent year over year. Unlike Intel, though, its PC chip sales declined, and due in part to costs associated with restructuring and debt, it suffered a net loss of $36 million.

subset: commoncrawl


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I'm debating what equipment to buy to prepare for a cold weather in mountain terrain and felt it might be useful to test what different temperatures feel like while wearing chosen equipment. My companion disagrees that some heavy duty items are required and we would both gain from finding out who is right, if only to settle the argument.
Rather than flying away to find colder climates, I vaguely recall seeing something about test facility which can simulate cold, wind and rain conditions on demand in a retail store in London. I never went in, so my imagination may be running wild, but I guess it was a some kind of giant fridge with fans and hoses to simulate wind and rain as well.
Unfortunaltey I don't recall which store had this set up and most importantly, what that kind of facility is called, which has made it hard to Google for. Any ideas?


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Topical Tazarotene for the Treatment of Ectropion in Ichthyosis (2013)
Keith Choate, MD PhD
Brittany Craiglow, MD
Leonard Milstone, MD
Yale University, New Haven, CT
November 2013
Many individuals affected with ichthyosis cite ectropion – an abnormal eversion of eyelids – as one of the most cosmetically displeasing aspects of their skin disorder. And although ectropion almost universally improves beyond the neonatal period, it can persist throughout life and medical consequences including keratitis,* conjunctivitis,* and epiphora* can ensue.
"Patients with ectropion usually try several different types of drops, creams and even surgery, with varying results," says Dr. Brittany Craiglow. "Surgery can be a risky option, with a high rate of recurrence, or cosmetic results that are unsatisfactory. After our recent findings we are encouraging doctors to try less invasive alternatives, like topical tazarotene and other topical retinoids, as another potential treatment option."
Dr. Craiglow is a member of a team of medical investigators at Yale University, including Dr. Leonard Milstone, Chairperson of FIRST's Medical & Scientific Advisory Board, and FIRST-funded researcher Dr. Keith Choate, focused on gaining a better understanding of the genetic mutation of ichthyosis and developing better treatments.
One of the team's recent clinical observations centered on the effect of topical tazarotene on a 77-year old woman with recessive ichthyosis and long-standing bilateral lower eyelid ectropion. The study, conducted over a one year time period, revealed that topical tazarotene provided a potential treatment option for ectropion in this population. The observations were published at JAMA Dermatology Network. An abstract of their observations is as follows:
Importance: Ectropion is a complication of certain subtypes of ichthyosis and is often associated with substantial medical and cosmetic consequences. At present there is no standard of care for the treatment of ectropion in this population. Retinoids cause dyshesion and thinning of stratum corneum, thereby reducing hyperkeratosis that likely underlies ectropion in patients with ichthyosis. As such, retinoids provide a potential effective treatment for ectropion in this group of patients.
Observation: We describe a patient with recessive ichthyosis for whom daily application of topical tazarotene produced rapid and persistent improvement of bilateral lower eyelid ectropion without adverse effects.
Conclusions and Relevance: Additional studies will be necessary to more fully and systematically address the safety and efficacy of topical retinoids for the treatment of ectropion in patients with ichthyosis; however, this case illustrates that topical tazarotene and other retinoids provide a potential treatment option for ectropion in this population. We encourage clinicians to explore medical therapies as alternatives to surgical intervention for the treatment of ectropion in patients with ichthyosis.
Dr. Craiglow also noted, "It's a good idea to start out slowly, as topical retinoids have the potential to be irritating. Patients can try the retinoid on one eyelid and compare it to the other to see whether or not it is effective" Dr. Craiglow also stated, "It is very important that this treatment be done under close supervision of a knowledgeable physician."
FIRST will provide updates to this clinical study, as they occur.
Brittany G. Craiglow, MD; Keith A. Choate, MD, PhD; Leonard M. Milstone, MD
JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149(5):598-600. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.239.
*keratitis def: inflammation of the cornea — the clear, dome-shaped tissue on the front of your eye that covers the pupil and iris. Ref. www.mayclinic.com
*Conjunctivitis def: Pink eye. An inflammation or infection of the transparent membrane (conjunctiva) that lines your eyelid and covers the white part of your eyeball.
*epiphora:def: watery eyes. Ref. www.mayoclinic.com


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Sacred Texts Journals Islamic Articles
BY E. REHATSEK, M.C.E., Hon. Mem. B. Br. R. As. Soc.
The prince of Çufi poets, Mullânâ Jellâl-al-din Muhammad ul-Balkhîur-Rûmi, was born at Balkh on the 6th of the month Rabi' I. A.H. 604 (1st October A.D. 1207). His principal work is the Meṣnavi, which consists of six daftars or volumes, and treats on an extraordinary variety of subjects, stories, fables, parables, legends, and Ḳorân-texts, all permeated by the spirit of the Çufi doctrines; and second to it is his Diwân, a collection of lyrical poems,—both known from the banks of the Ganges to the shores of the Bosporus. This poet, the founder of the order of whirling dervishes, who have numerous convents and endowed establishments p. 294 in Turkey, spent the greater portion of his life in that country, and is therefore called Rûmi, the Turk; but, according to the Nafhât-ul-uns of Jâmi, his visions began at a very early age in his own country. When he was five years old he had manifestations from the invisible world, such as sights of angels, of genii, and of men within the domes of glory. It is stated in a record in the handwriting of Mullânâ Behâ-al-din Vulud, that when Jellâl-al-din Muhammad, on a certain Friday when six years of age, was playing with some other little boys on the flat house-tops of Balkh, one of the little fellows suggested that they should jump over from one house-top to another; Jellâl-al-din replied that as such movements are peculiar to dogs, cats, and other animals, it would be a pity that human beings should imitate them, but that, if they felt any power in their souls, they ought to fly heavenwards together with him. That moment he disappeared from the sight of his playmates, who became sorry and raised a shout of lamentation whereupon he returned after a short while, but with the hue of his countenance changed and his eyes altered, and said, "Whilst conversing with you, I saw a company of persons dressed in green raiment, who took me up and showed me the miracles of the upper world; but when your cries and wailings ascended they again deposited me here." It is said that at that age he partook of food only once in three or four days.
It is said that when Jellâl-al-din emigrated from Balkh he met Sheikh Farid-al-din A'ṭṭâr at Nishapûr, who was at that time well stricken in years, and who presented him with his Esrâr-nâmah, or "book of mysteries," which he ever afterwards carried about his person; he also imitated his doctrines, as it is said—
"Mullânâ on A'ṭṭâr attended, From Shams' hands the drink was all nectar." |
By Shams his spiritual teacher, Shams Tabrizi, is meant, Elsewhere we read—
"A'ṭṭâr was soul, Sanâi his two eyes; We came after Sanâi and A'ṭṭâr." |
On being told that a certain man had said he was at his service "with heart and life," he replied, "Hush! Among men this lie finds credit," and asked, "Whence have you obtained your heart and life, that you can place them at the service of men?" He was nevertheless in the habit of saying, "I am not that body which appears to the A'âsheks (lovers of God), but the pleasure and gladness produced in the hearts of Murîds (disciples) by my words. Allah! Allah! when you obtain that gladness, and taste that joy, consider it happiness, and give thanks; that is me!" Hisâm-al-din was merely his amanuensis, but from several flattering references to him in the Meṣnavi he might be wrongly considered to have occupied a far higher position. To him he said, "It is necessary to sit knee to knee with the Avliâ (pl. of Veli, saint) of God, because such proximity bears momentous consequences."
Hisim-al-dîn was no doubt a faithful amanuensis and disciple, but on some occasions a little admonition might have been judicious; on the death of his wife he could not be induced for a long time to attend to his duty, and the poet remonstrated:—
"One moment to be absent from him is not good, For separation will increase mishaps. No matter what your state; attend on him, Because proximity will love augment." |
He said that although a bird flying up from the earth cannot reach heaven, it nevertheless gains the advantage of being further from the net; thus a man who becomes a dervish, though he cannot attain perfection, is distinguished above the common crowd of men, and is delivered from the troubles of the world.
A worldly fellow once excused himself to him for his remissness in visiting him, but Jellâl-al-din replied, "There is no need of any excuses, because I am as thankful for your not coming as others are for your coming."
Seeing one of his companions in a state of melancholy, he said, "All sadness arises from too great attachment to this world; as soon as you are freed from it and consider yourself a stranger therein, you will perceive, from everything p. 295 you behold or taste, that it cannot abide with you, and that you must go to another place: therefore you will no longer feel any anxiety."
He was also in the habit of saying that he is a superior man who does not grieve on being affronted, and he a generous man who gives no pain to one deserving to be affronted. Mullânâ Sirâj-al-din Ḳunavi was a great man of the period, but not on good terms with Jellâl-al-din, and when it was reported to him that the latter had on a certain occasion said, "I agree with all the seventy-three sects of the Muhammadan religion," he determined to get the Mullâ insulted. Accordingly he sent one of his followers, who was a learned man, to ask the Mullâ in a large company whether he had really uttered the above sentiment, and in case of receiving an affirmative reply, to affront him with bad language; but to all his taunts the Mullâ only smiled and replied, "I agree also with all you have said," whereupon the man returned ashamed. Sheikh Rakn-al-din a'llâ al-doulah stated that he had been much pleased with this meek answer.
He daily asked his servant, "Is there anything in the house to-day?" and on receiving a negative reply he became exhilarated and thankful, saying, "Praise be to God, this day our house is like that of the prophet!" If the servant said, "Whatever we require is at hand in the kitchen," he was displeased and said, "The smell of Pharaoh is rising from this house." He seldom or never used wax-lights in his house, and was contented with oil-lamps, saying, "Those are for kings, and these for devotees (çalûk)."
On a certain occasion a company, in which also Sheikh Çadr-al-din Ḳunavi was present, requested the Mullâ to officiate as Emâm (leader of the prayers), but he replied, "We are Abdâls, we sit down or get up wherever we happen to be; those endowed with Çufism and dignity are worthy to be Emâms," and pointing to Sheikh Çadr-al-din as one of these, he coutinued, "Whoever prays after a pious Emâm is just as if he played after the prophet."
One day the Mullâ being present at a devotional exercise, it occurred to a dervish to ask him what Faḳr* is, whereupon the Mulla recited the following quatrain:—
"Faḳr is essence, all else accident; Faḳr is health, all else disease. This world is all deceit and fraud, Faḳr is of the next a mystery." |
It has been mentioned above that the Mullâ was a disciple of Farid-al-din A'ṭṭâr; him he recollected even during his last illness, when he said to his companions, "Be not afflicted at my going, because the victorious light will fifty years hence radiate from the spirit of Sheikh Farid-al-din A'ṭṭâr. Remember me in whatever state you are, that I may aid you, in whatever garment I am." He also said, "Do not associate with any persons except such as are of your own kind; because on this subject my lord Shams-al-din Tabrîzi (may God sanctify his secret!) has said to me that the sign of a disciple (murid) who has found acceptance is that he never associates with strangers, and that when he suddenly falls into their company he feels ill at ease, like a hypocrite in a mosque, or a little child in a school. On his death-bed he also said to his companions, "In this world I have but two connections—the one with my body, and the other with you; this latter connection will not be severed even after I shall, by the favour of God, become separated and isolated from this world." On the same occasion Sheikh Çadr-al-din also paid him a visit and said, "May God restore you to health quickly!" But the Mullâ replied, "Let my restoration to health consist in the removal of the only remaining garment which yet separates the lover from his beloved. Are you not willing that light should be joined to light?
"Denuded of body am I, and He of unreality. I roam and verge to bounds of union." |
The last injunction of the Mullâ to his companions was, "I recommend you to fear God secretly and openly, to be frugal in your eating, to sleep little, and to speak little. To abandon everything sinful, to fast and to pray much. To renounce every kind of last for ever, and to bear insults from everybody. Do not keep up any intercourse with fools and vulgar persons, but cultivate this society of men who are pious and noble. The best men are those who are useful p. 296 to the human race, and the best words are those which are the fewest and the most instructive."
On being asked to appoint a worthy successor, he uttered the name of Chelebi Hisâm-al-din; the question being thrice repeated, he gave the fourth time the same reply. Being questioned concerning his son Sulṭân Vulud, he replied, "He is a hero, there is no necessity for any injunction about him." Then Chelebi Hisâm-al-din asked the Mullâ whom he wished to pray over his corpse at the burial, and he said, "Sheikh Çadr-al-din." He expired at sunset on the 5th of the month Jomâdi II. A.H. 672 (18th December A.D. 1273), at the age of 68 years according to the Muhammadan, or 66 according to the Christian reckoning, at Ḳoniah, i.e. Iconium, in Asia Minor, where he had spent the greater portion of his life, and from its being in the Turkish dominions he obtained the surname of Rûmi.
The above Sulṭân Vulud was also a poet, and died at Ḳoniah, A.H. 712 (1312). He is called Behâ-al-din, of the same name with Jellâl-al-din's father, who, when our poet was yet a boy, being displeased wîth the government of Khowarizmshâh, determined to emigrate for ever from the district of Balkh, under the pretence of going on a pilgrimage to Mekkah. Accordingly he departed with this son and went first to Nishapur, where they made the acquaintance of Sheikh Farid-al-din A'ṭṭâr, who had gathered around him many disciples, and who discovered the precocious talents of the boy, presenting him with the Esrâr-nâmah and uttering the prediction:—
"How quick, he said, will this unruly lad Throw burning fire on anxious souls!" |
Both father and son continued their travels in the company of a valuable guide and spiritual teacher, Sayyid Tarmad, whose sobriquet was Burhân; with him they visited the holy shrines of Mekkah and Jerusalem. They had not completed one half of their intended tour, however, when he took leave and advised them to settle in Turkey. Accordingly Behâ-al-din took his son Jellâl-al-din to Ḳoniah, where they established themselves and ceased their wanderings. At that time 'Allâ-al-din, the Seljukide, governed the country; he was so pleased with the company of Behâ-al-din that he became his disciple; when his father died Jellâl-al-din took his place, but he soon got tired of worldly honours, and, abandoning his position, dedicated himself wholly to spiritual life:—
"But schools and honours pleased him not; His nature's aspirations were more high, His pomp and glory seemed but folly to himself,— Attraction of the spirit-world held his heart." |
He sought consolation in the society of kindred spirits, the chief of whom were Shams-al-din Tabrîzi—whose name appears at the end of almost every ode of his Diwân in token of affection, because Jallâl-al-din himself acknowledged him as his spiritual guide—and Ḥisâm-al-din.
Shams-al-din Tabrîzi, whose full name is Mullânâ Shams-al-din 'Ali Ben Mâlak Dâd Tabrîzi, appears to have been a restless character and an innovator. He travelled about much and made many enemies. When Shams-al-din arrived at Ḳoniah for the first time, he paid a visit to Jallâl-al-din, who happened to be sitting near a tank with several books near him; he asked what they were, and on being told that they were called Kyl wa Kâl, he said, "What have you to do with them?" and threw them all into the water. The Mullâ exclaimed with a sigh, "O Dervish, what have you done? Some of these were my father's compositions, which cannot be replaced!" Hereupon Shams-al-din put his hand into the water and pulled out all the books, one after the other; and lo, not one of them was wet. Jellâl-al-din was much astonished, but Shams-al-din rejoined, "This is joy and ecstasy: what do you know of these spiritual matters?" And their intimacy began from that day.
Shams-al-din was constantly roaming about. He wore a robe of coarse black cloth, and took lodgings in the caravanseraî at whatever place he happened to arrive. He came to Ḳoniah A.H. 642 (A.D. 1244), but could not remain there on that occasion longer than one year, as an attempt was made on his life. At that time Jellâl-al-din Rumi saw his friend for the p. 297 last time, and was so grieved at the separation that he withdrew himself entirely from the world, became a dervish, and founded the order of dervishes called after his name, and at present still well known in the Turkish empire.
When Shams-al-din arrived in his travels at Ḳoniah, in A.H. 642, he took lodgings in the quarter of the confectioners. One day Jellâl-al-din, who was engaged in teaching various sciences, happened to pass, with a company of learned men from the college, through the quarter of the confectioners. On that occasion Mullâna Shams-al-din sallied out from his lodgings, and taking hold of the bridle of Jellâl-al-din's mule asked him whether Bâizid (a celebrated saint) or Muhammad was the greater? Jellâl-al-din said, "It seemed that on account of that terrible question the seven heavens had fallen asunder and had been precipitated upon the earth; a large fire appeared to issue from my bowels and to envelop my brains, the smoke whereof ascended to the throne of God, and I replied, 'As Muhammad is the greatest of men, what can Bâizid be?' He rejoined, 'What do Muhammad's words, "We have not known thee as we ought," imply? whilst Bâizid says, "O God, how high is my position! I am the king of kings!"' I replied:—'Bâizid's thirst was quenched by one drop, and he boasted of satisfaction, because the vessel of his intellect was filled thereby. That light was as much as the little window of his house could admit, whilst Muhammad was subject to a great dropsy and thirst,—he was daily praying for closer intimacy.'" At these words Mullânâ Shams-al-din gave a shout and fell down senseless. Jellâl-al-din alighted from his mule, and ordered his disciples to carry him to the college. He placed the head of Shams-al-din on his own knees, took him by the hand, and they departed together. During three months they lived in retirement, engaged in fasting and prayer; they did not come out once, and no one ventured to disturb their privacy.
According to the Nafhât-ul-uns, in which the flight of Shams-al-din from Ḳoniah is represented in a somewhat supernatural way, the year in which it took place is given as A.H. 645, and not A.H. 643 as stated above. In the Nafhât-ul-uns it is related that one night when Jellâl-al-din and Shams-al-din were sitting together in retirement, a man from without arrived and beckoned to the latter. The Sheikh got up immediately and said to Jellâl-al-din, "They are calling me in order to kill me." Jellâl-al-din waited long in vain for his return; seven men had lain in ambush expecting him with drawn swords, with which they attacked him, but he uttered such a shout that all of them fainted away and fell to the ground. One of these men was Behâ-al-din, or as in the lithographed copy, 'Allâ-al-din Muhammad, the son of Jellâl-al-din. When these seven men recovered their senses, they perceived nothing but one drop of blood, and from that day to this nothing more transpired concerning that prince of the invisible world.
The real cause of the attempt to assassinate Shams-al-din, and of his flight in consequenoe thereof, must probably be sought in his open disbelief in Islâm, which Jellâl-al-din was always cunning enough to disguise tolerably well in his own utterances and writings. He, moreover, so monopolized the society of Jellâl-al-din that the disciples of the latter, together with his son, were determined to murder Shams-al-din. It is plain enough, from the last page of the Meṣnavi, that the above conjecture is true, as will appear from the following:—
"Some time he with his friend retired sat, All alien spirits quite shut out, Enjoying the pure draught of union. He was the confidant of his good friend; His pupils did lament and grumble, 'Whence came this ragged mendicant? Whence brought he all this fraud and roguery, To isolate so quickly our great Chief? O God! Now Islâm is despised, destroyed, The dome of Islâm is now led astray! This robber is none but a heretic, By God! his blood is free and free!'" |
It may be seen that in these verses the 'great Chief' and the 'dome of Islâm' is Jellâl-al-din Rûmi, whilst the ragged mendicant and heretic robber is Shams-al-din.
Jellâl-al-din Rûmi's successor Chelebi Hisâm-al-din, whose full name is Sheikh Hisâm-al-din Hasan Ben Muhammad Ben Alhasan Ben Akhi Turk. Becoming the successor of a Pir or Sheikh, i.e. spiritual guide, implies also the acceptance of all his duties and the allegiance of his pupils; and if the Pir was a man of great authority, learning, &c. his successor is also expected to be one. It appears that Hisâm-al-din got tired of the many Ghazâls composed by his teacher Jellâl-al-din, and requested him to write a connected and large poem; hereupon the latter pulled out a piece of paper from his turban containing the first twenty-eight distichs of his Meṣnâvi, beginning with the words—
"Hear how yon reed in sadly pleasing tales Departed bliss and present woe bewails!" |
and ending with the words—
"Here pause my song; and thou vain world, farewell."* |
Jellâl-al-din said, "Before you ever thought of it, the idea of composing a work of this kind had been instilled into my heart from on high." The last piece in the Meṣnâvi itself contains an account of the manner in which this celebrated work was commenced, and brought to an end by Hisâm-al-din, who wrote down every word of it as it fell from the lips of his master. Sometimes Jellâl-al-din was so full of his subject that from the beginning of the night till the next morning dawned he dictated to Hisâm-al-din, who was in the habit of again reading in a loud voice to the Mullâ all he had written. When the first volume was completed the wife of Chelebi Hisâm-al-din died, and the work was interrupted, as alluded to in the first distich of the second volume:—
"Delayed was this Meṣnâvi for a time. Respite was needed blood to milk to change." |
After that no interruption of any length appears to have taken place, till the whole work was brought to a termination. That Hisâm-al-din must have been an enthusiastic admirer of this book appears from the following words he uttered:—"When the Meṣnâvi is being read aloud, all who are present get drowned in its light, and I behold a company of spirits from the invisible world who cut off with their swords the roots and branches of the faith of all those who do not listen with complete sincerity, and gradually drag them into hell-fire." But Jellâl-al-din replied:—
"Of verses mine the foes you see Headlong dragged to flames of fire. Hisâm-al-din, saw you their state? Their acts has God revealed to you?" |
The above words of Hisâm-al-din imply that as apparently many sentiments contrary to the strict laws of Islâm are uttered,—unless listened to with great and sincere attention, the hearing of the Meṣnâvi will lead to infidelity, and consequently to eternal perdition; whilst the answer of his master is conceived in that tolerant spirit which permeates the whole Meṣnâvi, and which ventures to condemn no one rashly.
No doubt the Meṣnâvi contains also many strictly orthodox and even bigoted pieces; it must, however, be allowed that there are many which can never meet with the approval of strict Musalmâns of any sect. Such a piece is "Moses and the Herdsman" (Ind. Ant. vol. III. p. 90, March 1874), at the end of which the author even disclaims to be a religious guide, and openly avows that the religion of love is the only true one:—
"You must not guidance seek from the inebriate; Who rend their clothes, can they be asked to mend? From all religions differs love is belief; The lovers' sects and rites are God alone.† |
* Poverty in a religious sense, and he who makes a profession of it is a Faḳîr
* This piece was translated by Sir W. Jones, but since his time nothing further has been attempted.
† Though fully aware of my numerous imperfections both as an English and a Persian scholar, I have during the last two years given selections from this great poet, who has not yet met among Europeans with the attention and study p. 299 he deserves. In the text I have not ventured to alter a single word or to touch the metre, whether faulty or not; and in my translations I have aimed chiefly at fidelity. However imperfectly I may have accomplished my task, I venture to hope that I shall not be charged with rashness, since my acquaintance with Jellâl-al-din Rûmi is of more than twenty years' standing, and I flatter myself that I have, during that time, learnt to understand him a little. Nothing would please me more than to see better justice done to this poet than I can do.


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Character select
A fighting game can have gorgeous graphics, heart-pounding music, and rock-solid mechanics, but without interesting characters, none of it really matters. The ideal roster must be filled with varied, memorable, and appealing character designs that will attract gamers of all types, no matter their playstyle. Its not uncommon for fighting game fans to develop a powerful affinity towards their favorite fighter, remaining loyal to them throughout a series long history and encouraging those whove taken on the same character choice mantle.
Throughout their storied franchise pasts, some esteemed pugilists have risen to legendary levels amongst fighting game fans. These are the characters that strike the right balance between being straight-up cool, instantly recognizable, and iconic of the fighting game genre as a whole. To ensure that this list doesnt become a popularity contest, weve laboriously whittled our choices down to one fighter per franchise--otherwise, thered be no way for the little guys (and girls) to get their due. Without further ado, these are the best fighting game characters of all time
7. Scorpion (Mortal Kombat)
Tell most any gamer to Get over here! and theyll immediately understand which yellow-clad ninja youre referring to. With his classic spear pull and the unforgettable fire-breathing Toasty! fatality, Scorpion is the true face of the Mortal Kombat franchise. Whats left of his face, anyway. Watching this vengeance-crazed phantom remove his mask to reveal a skull was an exemplary OH $#*%! moment in 90s arcades.
Scorpion has some tough competition in the MK franchise, but none come close to the sheer coolness of his undead antagonist factor. Despite the fact that he started out as a mere palette swap, Scorpions appeal made him a frontrunner in every major MK game to date. Scorpion is also MK co-creator Ed Boons favorite fighter, and for good reason--Boon actually did the voice work for Scorpions quintessential, proximity-requesting lines. Its like Walt Disney doing the voice of Mickey Mouse, but with wayyyyyyy more ruthless gore.
Franchise runner-ups: Sub-Zero, Raiden
6. Nakoruru (Samurai Shodown)
This Ainu warrior priestess might seem a bit timid at first glance, but rest assured, she and her loyal animal friends can easily tan your hide. Like the feudal Japan version of Captain Planet, Nakoruru is a stalwart guardian of nature, and despises anyone foolish enough to pollute, loot, and/or plunder its precious resources. That said, shes a pacifist at heart, only striking down opponents when absolutely necessary.
Despite her petite frame and gentle disposition, Nakoruru is, in our minds, one of the first agile but weaker fighting game characters to truly distinguish herself from her male counterparts. We love the fact that shes essentially two characters in one, given her companionship with her trusty hawk Mamahaha or the lesser-seen wolf Shikuru (which later spawned the creation of Nakorurus evil other half, Rera). Nakoruru is one of SNKs crowning achievements in character design: a memorable female fighter whose popularity doesnt lie solely in sex appeal.
Franchise runner-ups: Galford, Genjuro Kibagami
5. Sol Badguy (Guilty Gear)
With a surname like that, how could you not grow up to be a total killer? As the frontman in the wildly unique roster from the Guilty Gear series, the so-called Flame of Corruption is just the right mix of detached bounty hunter and anime-esque antihero. And yet, beneath all the bravado, Sols a former scientist with an appreciation for the musical styling of Queen. Whats not to love? As one of the few lefty fighters we can name off the top of our head, Sol and his array of fiery attacks are emblematic of the flashy style of Arc System Works extreme, heavy metal franchise.
Sol and his one-of-a-kind, flat Fuuenken sword also spawned one of fighting games most iconic combos: the air-juggling Dust Loop, which shares its namesake with one of the greatest fighting game community forums. You know youve really made it as a fictional character when youve had a forum named after you.
Franchise runner-ups: Potemkin, Dizzy
4. Morrigan Aensland (Darkstalkers)
This sultry succubus is one of fighting games leading ladies, striking a balance between the dignified seriousness of Chun-Li and the hyper-sexualized cleavage-heaving antics of Mai Shiranui. Granted, Morrigans ridiculously revealing costume seems like it could slip off at any moment. But cmon--shes a supernatural vampire who sucks the souls out of mortals seduced by her charms; cut her a break. Shes also the source of the lithe, underage-looking Lilith, who originated as a fragment of Morrigans royal soul.
Besides her full-time gig as a male fantasy, Morrigans made quite a name for herself, showing up in almost every Capcom crossover and spin-off. Armed with her spam-happy Soul Fist fireballs and trademark drill kick, shes even making a splash in modern-day, high-level Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 play. Not bad for a girl who was born in 1678 and made her debut in 1994.
Franchise runner-ups: Zabel Zarock (Lord Raptor), Anakaris
3. Yoshimitsu (Tekken / Soulcalibur)
Now, we know what youre thinking: Isnt Yoshimitsu that goofball samurai who unfairly fights unarmed combatants with a katana? Well, yes--but hes also one of the most iconic playable characters in both the Tekken and Soulcalibur series. With a flag on his back and a sword in his hands (be it a tachi, katana, or straight-up lightsaber), Yoshimitsu has been repping ridiculously clothed warriors and leading the Manji clan since the very first Tekken game. Well never tire of his self-destructive seppuku move, the way he spins around like a lunatic, his use of swords as pogo-sticks, or his ceaseless, high-pitched squealing.
But Yoshimitsus most impressive trait is how frequently his costume changes: Rarely does he ever sport the same attire for two games in a row, and his alternate costumes are always wildly different from their already-inventive counterparts. Dressing as a clockwork puppet, oni-faced swordsman, chrome-plated space samurai, beetle-skeleton hybrid, or nautilus-helmeted fencer--Yoshimitsu dons all these costumes with aplomb, and he wears them oh-so-well.
Franchise runner-ups: Jin Kazama, Heihachi Mishima / Nightmare, Cervantes
2. Terry Bogard (King of Fighters / Fatal Fury)
POWAH WAYVE! ARE YOU OKAY?! Whoops, sorry about that--we were just channeling the spirit of the American-born awesomeness that is Terry Bogard. Whether hes clad in his red-white-and-blue Fatal Fury outfit or the bomber-jacket-and-jeans combo from Garou: Mark of the Wolves, Terrys an instantly recognizable hero in dozens of SNK classics. His signature moves like Burn Knuckle, Crack Shoot, and Power Wave produced some of the most quotable fighting-game phrases of all time, besides simply looking awesome.
And behind all that brazen moxie, Terrys got a heart of gold. The reason he entered the King of Fighters tournament in the first place was to revenge-kill Geese Howard, the psychotic crime lord who murdered his father. Instead, Terry ultimately tries to save Geese from a plummet to his death, but fails when Geese pompously lets go of his hand. So what does Terry do? He adopts Geeses now-orphaned son Rock and teaches him right from wrong! What a champ.
Franchise runner-ups: Iori Yagami, Joe Higashi / Rock Howard, Billy Kane
1. Ryu (Street Fighter)
Ryu is the epitome of fighting game characters. This wandering world warrior lives for the fight; there are no revenge plots, ulterior motives, or harebrained schemes in Ryus nomadic lifestyle. Like the players themselves, Ryu seeks only to challenge himself and better his skills through battle--though he has the convenience of not having to quarter up after every bout. Whereas that necklaced jerk Akuma uses the Satsui no Hado for wanton demonstrations of destructive power, Ryu uses his superhuman abilities to benefit those around him, pushing Ken to improve his technique and encouraging his defeated opponents to keep training.
Though Ryu has the powers of a demigod--able to conjure plasma-like fireballs from his palms, spinkick continuously through the air, or uppercut someone into the stratosphere--he stays humble and never picks a fight with someone weaker than he. Ryu definitely isnt the liveliest guy on the block, but his modesty gives him a calming, relatable charm outside of the ring--provided you dont run into him during his Evil time. Just as Marios eagerness and tenacity are symbolic of platformers as a whole, Ryus determination, respectful attitude, and unending pursuit of self-improvement define everything that makes a great fighter, be they real or virtual.
Franchise runner-ups: Chun-Li, Ken Masters
We await your return, warrior
Didnt see your favorite fighter make the list? Dont just stew about it--let us know in the comments below why your pick wouldve been better, or if these seven fighters really resonate with you like they do us. Everyones entitled to their own opinion; if the likes of Necro, Kuma, Voldo, or Benimaru are among your top picks for the best fighting game characters, we want to hear about it. Also let us know in the poll which one of these characters is your favorite!
Which of these Top 7 do you think is the best?
Want more impassioned fighting game appreciation? Why not take a look at the 20 obscure fighters that deserve HD remakes and the Street Fighter X Tekken character rejects: 20 fighters we wish were included.


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- Home
- Departments
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- Crime Tips
Crime Tips
Tip 1
While using wireless hotspots, limit activity to web surfing only. A hotspot is an open wireless network that is available (open) to everyone. An example would be the wireless network at your favorite coffee shop. These networks hook computers into the public Internet - handy but dangerous. Because wireless hotspots are for open use, they don't provide much protection for your data.
When using a wireless hotspot try to limit activity to web surfing only. You should also disable peer-to-peer networking, file sharing, and remote access. Always use a good personal firewall and of course make sure all your software including your operating system (like Windows) is up to date and patched. You should never use hotspots for online banking, bill paying, or for making purchases that require you to give out confidential information such as a credit card number.
Tip 2
Don't make that call. If you receive an e-mail asking you to call an 800 number related to a banking issue, don't call the number. Your credit card has a phone number on the back as do your account statements. Be safe, don't call a phone number listed in an email; instead look the number up on your account statements. There is a new attack called vishing, designed to have you call a fake, automated answering system, and get you to enter your account number and other sensitive information.
Tip 3
Closing or minimizing your browser or typing in a new web address when you're done using your online account may not be enough to prevent others from gaining access to your account information. Instead, click on the 'log out' button to terminate your online session. In addition, don't permit your browser to 'remember' your username and password information. If this browser feature is active, anyone using your computer will have access to your investment account information.


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The GNU Hurd community comprises of a crowd of people living in different areas of the whole world. For that, having regular working-meetings -- usually one of the more productive ways of coordination works -- is not easily possible.
The two key resources most often used for communication are the Debian and GNU mailing lists, as well as IRC.
These are measures of communication that work (compared to, e.g., a one-to-one telephone call) one-to-many. It is important to not send email only to a single person, but in a way that several people can see your questions and reasonings. (There are exceptions, of course. Administrative stuff usually need not be discussed in public.) It often happens that -- if you send email only to a single developer -- someone is unavailable for some days and can't answer to your email, but another person could easily have done so. Also, when discussing matters in public, others can learn from it (while reading, or eventually even taking part in the discussions), transform the results into real documentation, etc. Efficient using of scarce resources. Start discussions on public mailing lists/public IRC channels instead of sending discussing with single developers. And always use reply to all instead of reply when answering to email.
If you're interested in keeping up with current events and taking part in discussions, you'll want to join the bug-hurd mailing list or have a look at its archives.
Even if you're a beginner (we've also been, and some of us even still remember), don't hesitate to make the first move and make active use of these resources. But -- of course -- please try to adhere to the conventions as described on the mailing lists and IRC pages.


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Monthly Refined Petroleum Products
Summary of changes
Activity on this program started: 1956
Reference period of change - January 2019
Target population - This survey has been redesigned for collection in reference month January 2019. Data are now being collected at the establishment level. The questionnaire has been integrated into the Statistics Canada Integrated Business Survey Processing environment (IBSP) and data will are being collected electronically. Coverage has been expanded to include major petroleum product terminals and oil sands processing plants (upgraders). Data on the blending of renewable fuels into gasoline and diesel are being collected. Data on the international trade of petroleum and renewable fuels are collected from data provided by the International accounts trade division (IATD) of Statistics Canada.
Instrument design - The questionnaire is now collected electronically.
Coverage has been expanded to collect data on renewable fuel blending. Trade data are now been collected from administrative files provided by International accounts trade division.
Report a problem on this page
Is something not working? Is there information outdated? Can't find what you're looking for?
Please contact us and let us know how we can help you.
- Date modified:


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There's nothing worse than the feeling of dirty, greasy hair, but did you know that washing your hair too often can leave hair prone to dryness and breakage? It's easy to keep your locks looking lustrous and lifted and extend time between washes by applying a dry shampoo!
Using ingredients you already have in your cupboards such as corn starch and baking soda, this DIY Dry Shampoo is free of harsh parabens, dyes, and perfumes that can damage hair and cause breakage. Cornstarch absorbs excess oil, while baking soda and Cedarwood, Rosemary, and Tea Tree essential oils make hair smell fresh and support the qualities of a healthy scalp.
You can experiment with your own blend of essential oils to find a scent that works best for you! We love Lavender, Royal Hawaiian Sandalwood, and Peppermint for their wonderful aromas and various skin-care benefits. If you decide to add cocoa for dark hair, try using oils that complement the scent of chocolate like Orange, Peppermint, or Cinnamon.
DIY Essential Oil-Infused Dry Shampoo
This blog was reprinted with permission from the Young Living website.


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32. Oscar Ustari
12. Ondrej Celustka
29. Valentin Roberge
21. Modibo Diakite
27. Santiago Vergini
22. El-Hadji Ba 66'
33. Lee Cattermole 72'
7. Sebastian Larsson
23. Emanuele Giaccherini 66'
35. Charis Mavrias
17. Jozy Altidore
41. Duncan Watmore
4. Ki Sung-Yueng
8. Craig Gardner 66'
13. Jordan Pickford
14. Jack Colback 72'
16. John O'Shea
31. Fabio Borini 66'
The Greece international's fifth-minute strike at the Stadium of Light ended non-league Harriers' dreams of reaching the last 16 for the second time in their history.
But it was far from a classic as Gus Poyet's much-changed team laboured to beat a club who started the game 79 places below them in the league pyramid three days after denying Manchester United a League Cup final trip to Wembley.
Indeed, had striker Michael Gash taken the glorious first-half opportunity which came his way, the Skrill Premier outfit might even have booked themselves a replay.
However, he did not and the Black Cats, who have won all seven of the cup ties they have played at home this season, have now lost only once in all competitions in 12 attempts.
Poyet had expressed his intention to use the game to run the rule over some of his fringe players, but what he saw can only have confirmed misgivings about some of them.
The Uruguayan vowed not to make 11 changes from the side which performed so heroically at Old Trafford in midweek, and he was as good as his word, if only just.
Only Lee Cattermole was retained as Poyet tested the depth of his squad, and then meant debuts for January signings Oscar Ustari and Santiago Vergini and a first start for midfielder El-Hadji Ba.
The Black Cats were in front with just five minutes gone when Harriers defender Josh Gowling fired his attempted clearance straight at Mavrias, who gratefully accepted the opportunity to open his account at the Stadium of Light.
But as the home fans settled down for what they hoped would be a regulation victory, Kidderminster very nearly dragged themselves back into the game within five minutes.
Emanuele Giaccherini and Cattermole combined to serve the ball up to Gash, who ran in on goal before unleashing a right-foot shot which very nearly squirmed through keeper Ustari's dive.
Gash, playing as a loan frontman, battled gamely to put Vergini and central defensive partner Modibo Diakite under pressure, but Ustari was otherwise untroubled with Sunderland dominating possession.
They prospered in particular out wide, where full-backs Ondrej Celustka and Valentin Roberge linked well with midfielders Sebastian Larsson and Mavrias to pin Kidderminster back.
However, they created few chances of note as a rather drab first-half limped towards its conclusion.
Cattermole forced a rare save from keeper Danny Lewis from 30 yards and Giaccherini shot wastefully wide from a promising position inside the penalty area before blazing a later effort high over.
Roberge saw another attempt from distance drop on to the roof of the net with the aid of a deflection as Lewis found himself largely untroubled.
The keeper might have been in serious trouble within two minutes of the restart when the ball dropped to Ba on the edge of the box, but the Frenchman's scuffed shot trickled into his arms.
However, with captain Kyle Storer and Jack Dyer starting to get a grip in central midfield, the visitors began to string passes together to lay a foundation for something more progressive.
Lewis was troubled on the hour when Vergini unleashed a 30-yard effort which he could not hold, although the element of surprise as the ferocity of the shot was perhaps partly responsible for his discomfort.
Ba floated a curling 64th-minute attempt over the angle of bar and post as Sunderland attempted to restore a measure of control, and Poyet introduced Craig Gardner and Fabio Borini in place of the ineffective Giaccherini and Ba in an attempt to aid that process.
In the meantime, Storer had been fortunate to pick up only a yellow card for an ugly challenge on Roberge.
Borini saw a close-range shot charged down with the home side looking belatedly to kill the tie off, but it was all a little limp as the game crawled towards its conclusion with little urgency.
However, Ustari found himself in the firing line twice within seconds as full-back Danny Jackman drilled wide and then substitute Freddie Ladapo blasted an 88th-minute thunderbolt inches past the far post.
But it took a remarkable injury-time block by right-back Lee Vaughan to prevent Borini from extending the lead in a finish which had little in common with much of the rest of the game.


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What's known as "digit ratio" measures the difference in length of the second finger (the first one after the thumb) and the fourth finger (second to last before the pinkie).
There is a well described difference between males and females in digit ratio. Men have a lower ratio (the length of the 4th finger is greater than the 2nd finger) than women (both fingers are closer in length). This difference is fixed during development in the womb and remains relatively stable across the lifespan.
It's been suggested that the length of the fourth finger is a sign of greater testosterone exposure in the womb. Elite athletes in a wide range of sports are likely to have longer fourth fingers. New research has now added strength to the list of characteristics long-fourth-fingered people. In teenage boys, irrespective of age or body size, those with longer fourth fingers (relative to their second finger) were stronger.
So, next time you're struggling to lift weights, take a long look – it may be written in your fingers.
Follow the freshest thinking @fitplanetmag.


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Michelle Wie will not be playing in the LPGA Championship and said she will be out three to five weeks due to a stress reaction in a bone of the index finger on her right hand.
Wie's status for another major, The Evian Championship in mid-September, is also in doubt. The LPGA Championship is next week.
Wie withdrew from the Meijer LPGA Classic in Michigan on Thursday, saying then she could not grip her clubs. She was examined in Cleveland by hand surgeon Tom Graham, who described the ailment as an "acute-on-chronic" injury that was influenced by the volume of her practice and competitive play.
Graham also treated Wie for a wrist injury she suffered earlier in her career, in 2007.
"I was looking forward to playing the next three weeks," Wie said in a statement released by her management group. "It's honestly one of my favorite stretches on tour. It's extremely disappointing to miss these events, but I am relieved to have a proper diagnosis."
The LPGA Championship is the season's fourth major, to be held at Monroe Golf Club outside of Rochester, New York. The next three events on the LPGA schedule are in Canada Aug. 21-24, in Portland, Oregon, Aug. 28-31, and then the Evian Championship in France, Sept. 11-14. The Evian was elevated to major status last year.
Wie, who won the U.S. Women's Open in June, said she wants to return as soon as she can, but understands the need not to rush back from her injury.
"Seven years ago, I would have tried to play through this injury and it is important to me not to make that mistake again," Wie said. "I feel more comfortable now listening to my body and, while it's hard to miss this stretch of events, I know I will be better suited to continue a great year and finish strong."


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Theory in detail
The Greatest Happiness Principle
the greatest happiness for the greatest number
The Greatest Happiness Principle, stated above, is at the heart of a number of ethical theories that fall under the umbrella of 'Utilitarianism'. Utilitarianism is an incredibly useful, and increasingly popular, ethical position. Its many benefits are matched with some serious flaws. However, modern Utilitarianists have repeatedly adapted the theory rather than discard it. Peter Singer is one example of a Utilitarian whose ideas have gained great popularity in recent years.
Bentham equated happiness with pleasure
and the absence of pain. This was an empirical observation - people desire pleasure and seek to avoid pain. His
scientific mind led him to believe that the study of ethics could be undertaken
in a practical way, carefully measuring the possible consequences or outcomes of
an action before deciding which choice to take.
Bentham's theories
led to extensive social reform affecting Parliament, criminal law, the jury
system, prisons, savings banks, cheap postage etc, etc. What was revolutionary about Bentham's theory was that it
resulted in all people being considered when making laws. His felicific calculus (also called the 'hedonic' or 'utility'
calculus) was helpful in determining how to measure different amounts of
Remoteness – how near it
Purity – how free from pain it is
Richness – to what
extent it will lead to other pleasures
Intensity – how
powerful it is
Certainty – how likely
it is to result
Extent – how many people it affects
Duration – how long it
Mill believed that quality was more important than quantity when it came to pleasure. For example, the pleasures of the mind are far superior to the gratification of the body's desires. This deals with the problem of sadistic torturers, as their pleasure is of a significantly lower kind.
'It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied.'
You look at an action to determine what is moral, and from this general rules can be derived. E.g. when faced with a road traffic accident (rta) a paramedic will treat a pregnant woman first. This is because in any given situation, the pregnant woman and her unborn child have a greater potential for future happiness than any individual involved in the crash. By deciding how to act in a specific case, the general rule 'Always treat a pregnant woman first' can be derived. This rule is only a guideline, and should be discarded if doing so will bring about more happiness (e.g. if a brain surgeon is in need of treatment).
A big criticism of Act Utilitarianism is that it is impossible to make the sorts of calculations it requires, although Bentham talked of a 'rule of thumb' which meant that you could repeat a previous decision under similar circumstances. Another is that people need rules - if you allow people to lie, steal etc. this could become too great a temptation e.g. to lie to avoid looking bad rather than because it genuinely brought better consequences.
the plus side, it has most integrity, as it allows you to stick with the
greatest happiness principle unswervingly – simply do whatever brings the most
happiness in any given situation.
Some general principles are formulated. From these, certain actions will be ruled out as unacceptable. The principle of utility is therefore applied to a rule, so the rule will hold if in general following it leads to greater happiness. This means that in an individual case, even though an injustice might bring about greater happiness, if it goes against the general principle that injustice tends to lead to misery and a reduction in happiness, it is deemed wrong.
Bentham is generally seen as an Act Utilitarian, as the Greatest Happiness Principle seems to demand. As we saw, he is open to the criticism that Utilitarianism goes against justice and human rights, as it allows abuses of rights if they bring enough happiness. Mill may be seen as a Rule Utilitarian, as he clearly thinks certain rules have a Utilitarian justification. In his book 'Utilitarianism', Mill defends the idea of rights:
"To have a right, then, is, I conceive, to have something which society ought to defend me in the possession of. If the objector goes on to ask, why it ought? I can give him no other reason than general utility."
Ultimately, Mill would break a rule if breaking it lead to the greatest happiness. Elsewhere in the book, Mill says:
"...to save a life, it may not only be allowable, but a duty, to steal, or take by force, the necessary food or medicine, or to kidnap, and compel to officiate, the only qualified medical practitioner."
Does this make him an Act Utilitarian? Peter Vardy says this is how most people view Mill. Others describe him as a 'soft' Rule Utilitarian, 'Hard' Rule Utilitarians would disagree with breaking a rule even if doing so led to the greater good. Many criticise 'soft' Rule Utilitarians, saying that this is effectively the same as Act Utilitarianism.
Mill strongly believed that the individual is sovereign over himself, which is an unusual principle for a Utilitarian! This means that, for example, we should allow people to smoke in private (banning smoking is an attack on the individual's sovereignty) even though smoking leads to terrible illness etc. Mill's belief in individual sovereignty could be justified by a Rule Utilitarian (can you explain how?)
Utilitarianism started out from the basic assumption by Bentham that man desires pleasure and seeks to avoid pain.This basic assumption can be challenged, as it seems to be wrong in at least some cases. People who wallow in self-pity seem to want to be in pain, and many people who have sinned or broken the law feel the need to be punished – they need to suffer in some way to put right what was wrong. Although it is possible to argue that in some long and complicated way the desire for punishment brings pleasure, it is easier and more satisfying to refine the Utilitarian theory further. Rather than talk about pleasure and pain or happiness, some modern Utilitarians look at the degree to which an action fulfils the preferences of others. This avoids making any judgement about the suitability of the desires of others or the 'level' of their happiness. It doesn't avoid the problem of being incredibly difficult to calculate, though.
In summary, people have adapted Utilitarianism in the following ways:
- Hare – preferences: the morally right action is the one that maximizes that satisfaction of the preferences of all those involved.
- Sidgwick – motives: it is the motive (intending to bring about the greatest good) rather than the outcome that is good
- Singer – interests: you need to look at what is in the best interests of those affected (some people call Singer a 'welfare Utilitarian')


text: There's a good reason that Melbourne-based Securboration rarely makes the news, other than in obscure journals or defense publications. Few understand what the research firm does. The U.S. Navy recently awarded the privately held Brevard company a contract to help it rapidly sift through streaming data such as news feeds and social media to extract and summarize critical information. Founded in 2001, Securboration — combining security and collaboration — employs dozens of computational linguistic experts, programmers and others capable of taking on assignments in cyber warfare, modeling and simulation.


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Looking Into the 2011 Wine Crystal Ball
Several stories dominated the 2010 wine news wire. The themes ranged from economic struggle and contraction to the emancipation of grape distribution. 2010 also marked the tipping point of wine blogging and wineries began to embrace new technology and social marketing strategies. The Wine Blogger's Conference came of age in Walla Walla and the Hosemaster of Wine went into retirement. James Suckling left Wine Spectator to pursue an online site and the original wine blogger, Robert Parker began tweeting.
What news stories will dominate the 2011 landscape? Will the economy continue to impact the wine industry? Will the grapes finally be free to travel to any state they choose, or will the shackles of HR5034 keep them trapped at the borders?
Below are my predictions for 2011. Vote at the end of the article for your top news story of 2011.
- HR5034 goes down in defeat and the American Wine Consumer Coalition rallies to push for the freedom of wine shipment across the US.
- The wine economy continues to contract with several large wine conglomerates selling or closing poor performing brands. Small wineries struggle with building dept and close their doors.
- Social media goes mainstream as wineries large and small hire social media gurus as part of their marketing teams.
- The Hosemaster of Wine misses the glow of the spotlight and returns to his post of average satire and pre-pubescent roasting.
- Wine bloggers who started to "crush it" in fall of 2009 will begin to drop off the radar as the romance of their passion starts to become hard work to keep it going.
- WBC11 in Charlottesville, VA causes an international incident as wine bloggers get lost at Monticello and discover some ancient US artifacts.
- @bparkerchuk identity is revealed causing a disruption in the twittersphere for 3 days.
What are your predictions? Vote and share in the comments.
2 comments on "Looking Into the 2011 Wine Crystal Ball"
Brett Voting for other: The top 100 wine blogs will find all of their content translated to Mandarin and republished anonymously on Chinese wine blogs.


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Please note: personalized and/or customized items can not be returned. RefundWe will refund the full price of your return to your account within 5 business days after receiving it. In case you did return your complete order, we also will refund the shipping costs you paid to us. The costs for sending back the item(s) to us have to be paid by you (the customer). |


text:
On Tuesday, the Bing team announced that the Bing Maps 3D control (the ActiveX plug-in, not Silverlight) is being end-of-lifed. The 3D control will be removed from the website in a few weeks, but the data feeds that support it will remain live until December 2011. I've gotten some questions on twitter and the InfoStrat.VE forum about what this announcement means for InfoStrat.VE so I wanted to post an update about this.
Based upon this announcement, the current version of InfoStrat.VE will still work until December 2011. After that date, any applications using the current version will essentially stop working. We are pursuing several options that will replace as much of the functionality of the Bing Maps 3D backend to InfoStrat.VE as possible.
I'm really happy to see the support from people on twitter and comments on the Bing blog for InfoStrat.VE. Unfortunately the decision to end-of-life Bing Maps 3D was made much earlier this year. We had been working closely with some of the team members so they did give us a heads up back then, but we couldn't discuss it publicly of course.
At that time we provided a lot of feedback and as much push-back as we could, including several of the ideas that people posted in the comments on the Bing blog. This is also why you haven't seen much new lately for InfoStrat.VE. Of course, Microsoft and this project has always said using this control is unsupported with no guarantees.
We are disappointed that Microsoft is bowing out of the 3D mapping market, which is important to commercial and government customers. They've chosen to focus on 2D mapping, which primarily targets consumers. The 2D solution does have Birds Eye and some other cool features, though.
That said, this is not the end of mapping on Surface. InfoStrat.VE should still work in your existing projects until December 2011. We're hoping to have news of a transition path well before then in order to give time to switch over current and future projects. This might end up using 2D only, or possibly extending the backend to support other 2D or 3D mapping providers. We don't have anything solid at this point but we will definitely post some information when we can.
If you have any preferences about where you'd like to see InfoStrat.VE go, please chime in on the comments or send me an email: joshblake at gmail.com.
Thanks for your support!
Thursday, November 4, 2010
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Wind Watch is a registered educational charity, founded in 2005. |
Lawmakers, towns worry about solar projects that could be seen as an eyesore
Credit: John Herrick | Mar. 16, 2014 | vtdigger.org ~~
Translate: FROM English | TO English
Translate: FROM English | TO English
Vermont has become the nation's leader in solar jobs per capita – an achievement praised by the Shumlin administration, environmental groups and solar developers. But solar's growth is not so bright for those near the state's so-called "Solar Capital" in Rutland, who say they are struggling to keep up with the burgeoning industry.
Don Chioffi, clerk of the Rutland Town Select Board, said while Rutland City has been called the solar capital of the state (thanks to a notable Green Mountain Power project), Rutland Town – a rural community of about 6,000 citizens is not ready adopt that moniker because of the impact large solar could have on the town's rural character.
"Like most of the rest of the state, we have been pretty much overwhelmed by the rapid expansion of the solar industry within our state and as the duly elected officials of our community, we have been attempting to get ahead of a steeply rising curve," Chioffi told the Senate Natural Resources Committee on Thursday.
Chioffi said he does not oppose solar, but the town would prefer to site solar projects in locations that do not disturb the aesthetics of the local landscape. "We do not want this quality destroyed by unregulated and industrial solar," he told the committee.
The committee passed a bill Friday designed to lump solar projects into the same zoning process as other commercial development. Sen. Kevin Mullin, R-Rutland, introduced S.191 this year.
The bill is not designed to stop solar projects, said committee Chair Bob Hartwell, D-Bennington. But lawmakers say something must be done to balance the state's renewable energy goals with the state's bucolic landscape, which includes giving towns a voice in deciding where solar projects are located.
"While it may be helpful for energy, it's not the most beautiful thing to look at," said Vice Chair Diane Snelling, R-Chittenden.
Chioffi said Rutland Town has been under pressure to adopt a zoning plan that includes solar in order to maintain the town's current agrarian landscape as the the solar industry moves in.
Environmental groups say anything that makes it harder to develop renewable power will delay the state from moving toward its goal of tapping 90 percent of its power from renewables by 2050.
Dylan Zwicky, a clean energy associate for the Vermont Public Interest Research Group, said Rutland Town's working energy plan will put "new barriers at the local level, making it more difficult for folks to generate their own power." VPIRG supports an expansion of solar energy projects under the state's net metering program.
"We feel that if we're serious about addressing global warming, Vermonters need to be able to take steps to generate their own power," Zwicky said.
Lawmakers want to be sure town plans have been weighed as part the Public Service Board's review process of solar projects. Snelling is concerned about town review and public input for solar projects. She recently participated in a hearing for the 2.2 megawatt "Charlotte Solar Farm."
"It was very sad as a legislator to be sitting in the Charlotte public hearing on this project and feel like the voices of the people were not being heard," Snelling said.
The developer, a company from North Chelmsford, Mass., has not received a letter of credit from the Public Service Board. The project received a certificate of public good last January.
This article is the work of the source indicated. Any opinions expressed in it are not necessarily those of National Wind Watch.
The copyright of this article resides with the author or publisher indicated. As part of its noncommercial educational effort to present the environmental, social, scientific, and economic issues of large-scale wind power development to a global audience seeking such information, National Wind Watch endeavors to observe "fair use" as provided for in section 107 of U.S. Copyright Law and similar "fair dealing" provisions of the copyright laws of other nations. Send requests to excerpt, general inquiries, and comments via e-mail.
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text:
The Roger Bacon Academy, all four network schools each receive DOL "GOLD" Safety Award!
Wilmington— The N.C. Department of Labor's Safety Awards Program recognizes private and public firms throughout the state that achieve and maintain good safety records. The program is designed to stimulate interest in accident prevention and to promote safety in the workplace by providing an incentive to employers and employees to maintain a safe and healthful workplace.
To qualify for an annual safety award, a firm must have had no fatalities during the calendar year at the site or location for which the award was given, and have maintained an incidence rate at least 50 percent below the average for its particular industry group. We are proud to announce that this year that each school in the RBA network— Charter Day School in Leland, Columbus Charter School in Whiteville, Douglass Academy in downtown Wilmington, and South Brunswick Charter School in Southport— as well as the RBA corporate office itself, received the highest-designated "gold" award. Congratulations to all!
Pictured below: Douglass Academy Headmaster, Barbra Jones, and NC Commissioner of Labor, Cherie Berry; Columbus Charter School Asst. Headmaster, Carla Fisher and Commissioner Berry; Charter Day School Campus Coordinator, Lisa Edwards, and Commissioner Berry.


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Insight Enterprises, Inc., a global technology provider of hardware, software and service solutions, announced the expansion of its InsightCloud Solutions Center to now include Microsoft Hosted Solutions Suite, hosted by Apptix.
Microsoft Hosted Solutions Suite provided by InsightCloud includes hosted Microsoft Exchange email with mobile synchronization and hosted Microsoft SharePoint, to help businesses remain connected on the go, enhance productivity and reduce the cost of IT services. The InsightCloud Solutions Center aggregates these cloud hosted services and provides a single client portal for ongoing management of subscriptions, features and requirements.
"Apptix is providing Insight best-in-class flexible solutions designed to meet the unique needs of businesses of any size," said David Ehrhardt, president and CEO of Apptix. "We believe Insight now has a competitive advantage within the growing Cloud market space."
Insight Enterprises will continue to roll out the cloud services in a phased approach, eventually offering Apptix's full suite of Cloud-based Microsoft solutions and capabilities including:
- Mobile Email Synchronization – seamless integration with a variety of mobile devices including iPad®, iPhone®, Windows Mobile®, Android® and BlackBerry
- Archiving & Compliance – email archiving for regulatory compliance, audit, legal hold, and eDiscovery
- Email Encryption – secure communications
- SharePoint – an affordable, enterprise-class collaboration and content management platform
- Secure Instant Messaging – an enterprise-class messaging service that protects against security breaches without compromising efficiency and productivity
- Web Conferencing – an affordable, easy-to-use online meeting solution enabling real-time collaboration
- Active Directory Synchronization – streamlined on-boarding and account management
"With more of our partners offering their solutions via the cloud, we continue to see clients wrestle with the concept of managing multiple cloud services," said Bill McCarthy, senior vice president, Cloud Solutions at Insight. "We are pleased to have Apptix in our InsightCloud Solutions Center, where clients can leverage the management capabilities for their messaging and collaboration cloud services."
Microsoft Hosted Solutions Suite provided by InsightCloud delivers the reliability and support needed to meet strict corporate requirements. Optional archiving and compliance features help businesses meet stringent regulatory requirements, such as HIPAA, PCI, FRCP and SOX.


text:
Videojet's DataFlex® Plus thermal transfer overprinter is available with an Ingress Protection (IP) rating for the 53mm printer width version. The printer also offers:
- An IP65-rated printer unit and an IP55-rated graphical user interface (GUI) control unit that provides protection against dust and water ingress.
- Prior to cleaning, a line operator replaces the standard ribbon cassette of the printer unit with the IP-rated cassette; this means the printer does not have to be removed from the production line or protected with a sheet during cleaning and washdown routines.
- RS232, Ethernet, digital I/O, and USB connections that are also IP65-rated.
- No wearable parts and a 1,000-meter ribbon capacity.
- A bi-directional ribbon drive allows unused ribbon to be recaptured following each print, maintaining a 0.5 mm gap between prints to create more prints per roll.
- An 8.4-inch SVGA graphical user interface with color touchscreen features icon-based controls.


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Chapter 1 edit
1Paul, a prisoner of Jesus Christ, and Timothy our brother, unto Philemon our dearly beloved, and fellowlabourer,
2 And to our beloved Apphia, and Archippus our fellowsoldier, and to the church in thy house:
3 Grace to you, and peace, from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
4 I thank my God, making mention of thee always in my prayers,
5 Hearing of thy love and faith, which thou hast toward the Lord Jesus, and toward all saints;
6 That the communication of thy faith may become effectual by the acknowledging of every good thing which is in you in Christ Jesus.
7 For we have great joy and consolation in thy love, because the bowels of the saints are refreshed by thee, brother.
8 Wherefore, though I might be much bold in Christ to enjoin thee that which is convenient,
9 Yet for love's sake I rather beseech thee, being such an one as Paul the aged, and now also a prisoner of Jesus Christ.
10 I beseech thee for my son Onesimus, whom I have begotten in my bonds:
11 Which in time past was to thee unprofitable, but now profitable to thee and to me:
12 Whom I have sent again: thou therefore receive him, that is, mine own bowels:
13 Whom I would have retained with me, that in thy stead he might have ministered unto me in the bonds of the gospel:
14 But without thy mind would I do nothing; that thy benefit should not be as it were of necessity, but willingly.
15 For perhaps he therefore departed for a season, that thou shouldest receive him for ever;
16 Not now as a servant, but above a servant, a brother beloved, specially to me, but how much more unto thee, both in the flesh, and in the Lord?
17 If thou count me therefore a partner, receive him as myself.
18 If he hath wronged thee, or oweth thee ought, put that on mine account;
19 I Paul have written it with mine own hand, I will repay it: albeit I do not say to thee how thou owest unto me even thine own self besides.
20 Yea, brother, let me have joy of thee in the Lord: refresh my bowels in the Lord.
21 Having confidence in thy obedience I wrote unto thee, knowing that thou wilt also do more than I say.
22 But withal prepare me also a lodging: for I trust that through your prayers I shall be given unto you.
23 There salute thee Epaphras, my fellow prisoner in Christ Jesus;
24 Marcus, Aristarchus, Demas, Lucas, my fellow labourers.
25 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. Amen.
Old Testament |
Genesis • Exodus • Leviticus • Numbers • Deuteronomy • Joshua • Judges • Ruth • 1 Samuel • 2 Samuel • 1 Kings • 2 Kings • 1 Chronicles • 2 Chronicles • Ezra • Nehemiah • Esther • Job • Psalms • Proverbs • Ecclesiastes • Song of Solomon • Isaiah • Jeremiah • Lamentations • Ezekiel • Daniel • Hosea • Joel • Amos • Obadiah • Jonah • Micah • Nahum • Habakkuk • Zephaniah • Haggai • Zechariah • Malachi |
Apocrypha |
1 Esdras • 2 Esdras • Tobit • Judith • Additions to Esther • Wisdom of Solomon • Susanna • Baruch • Additions to Daniel • Prayer of Manasseh • 1 Maccabees • 2 Maccabees |
New Testament |
Matthew • Mark • Luke • John • Acts • Romans • 1 Corinthians • 2 Corinthians • Galatians • Ephesians • Philippians • Colossians • 1 Thessalonians • 2 Thessalonians • 1 Timothy • 2 Timothy • Titus • Philemon • Hebrews • James • 1 Peter • 2 Peter • 1 John • 2 John • 3 John • Jude • Revelation |