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The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
In the 1960's another startling discovery was made quite by accident. A pair of scientists at Bell Laboratories detected some annoying background noise using a special low noise antenna. The strange thing about the noise was that it was coming from every direction and did not seem to vary in intensity at all. They had discovered the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.This radiation permeates the entire Universe and is no stronger or weaker in any direction. It has a perfect blackbody spectrum, meaning it behaves like radiation from an object that absorbs and emits all radiation that falls upon it. Its temperature is 2.7 degrees Kelvin (-454.81 degrees Farenheit). It has only minute fluctuations that were only detectable by the very sensitive space craft the Cosmic Background Explorer, COBE. This radiation is believed to be the remanant of the Universe's brilliant beginning, known as the Big Bang.
More recently, the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) team has made a
more detailed full-sky map of this oldest light in the universe. The WMAP image
brings the COBE picture into sharp focus, and provides firm answers to age-old
questions. WMAP resolves slight temperature fluctuations, which vary by only
a few millionths of a degree. These new data support and strengthen the Big Bang
and Inflation Theories.


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Laguna Concert Band Director Ed Peterson won a $5,000 Inspiration grant for his proposal to produce an original score for an animated student film while Heisler Park sculpture garden creators Scott and Naomi Schoenherr were declared artists of the year during Laguna Beach's annual Art Stars awards ceremony Sunday, April 7.
More than 230 guests enjoyed an evening at the Laguna Canyon event center Seven Degrees. Comedienne Rita Rudner regaled her audience with comparisons between American men and those British-born, as embodied by her husband, and salient differences in communication and perceptions between women and men.
With event chair Wayne Baglin acting as master of ceremonies, the evening moved along swiftly, beginning with Mark Orgill and Dora Wexell's introduction of last year's Seven-Degrees of Inspiration Grant winner, glass blower John Barber. He created a 22-foot high glass sculpture titled "Feeding Frenzy," which dazzled visitors in the venue's foyer.
Altogether, the 20 members of the Laguna Beach Alliance for the Arts nominated three individuals or organizations in seven categories that shaped the town's arts culture in the previous year. Winners received a "Louis," the statuette designed and fabricated by sculptor Louis Longi. "I've done them now for seven years and each and everyone is different," said Longi.
Festival of Arts events director Susan Davis collected the best new arts program award for her music program "Summer Entertainment of the Green," edging out Jason Feddy's Shakespeare's Fool and Laguna Outreach for Community Arts' botanicals programs. "I won't take him home but perhaps I'll get to keep 'Louis' in my office," quipped Davis.
LCAD trustee, Laguna Beach Library volunteer and self-described busiest retiree Terry Smith was recognized as individual arts patron of the year. "My greatest pleasure lies in making a difference in as many ways as I can," he said during the event's reception.
Yvonne Boseker, who defrays art restoration costs at the Laguna Art Museum, and arts supporters Arn and Nancy Youngman had also been nominated.
Wells Fargo Bank earned the corporate arts patron of the year award for its Community Art Project, an ongoing series of art exhibitions at its Broadway branch administered by Pat Sparkuhl, also a nominee for this year's arts leadership award.
The latter went to Jonathan Burke, LCAD's president. "Jonathan presided over the largest freshman class in the history of LCAD this year," said Baglin. Arts activist and Arts Commission member Mary Ferguson had also been nominated.
Designer Nelson Coates and Sawdust exhibitor Larry Gill had also been nominated for artist of the year.
Outstanding collaboration went to "Orange County: Destination Art & Culture," an exhibition program at John Wayne Airport that involved Laguna Beach's visitors bureau, its three art festivals, theater and museum.
After some suspense, Baglin announced Jacquie Moffett as the recipient of the lifetime achievement award.
Besides being an award-winning watercolor painter, actress and volunteer at several local arts organizations, Moffett is celebrating her 46th year at the Festival of Arts. No other exhibitor has exhibited for as long. Her parents had farmed on what became FoA grounds. Once the Pageant of the Masters was established, family members volunteered as cast members. As an actress, she performed in the 1969 Laguna Playhouse production "I Never Sang for My Father."
"She's a true Renaissance woman, a Jacquie of all trades," quipped Baglin.

subset: commoncrawl


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Meet the crew
PlayStation's brawler is out, allowing you to pit your favorite non-Nintendo characters against each other in a battle royale of epic proportions (you can read our full PlayStation All-Stars: Battle Royale review here). The cast list is fairly beefy, sporting nearly two-dozen characters from nearly as many franchises, both Sony-owned and beyond.
We've assembled the final list, and included a list of fighters we want added in as additional DLC, too. Take a look, and let us know who you think should be added to the game!
Updated with all of the DLC characters, including two announced for March!
Isaac Clarke (Dead Space) - DLC
We actually had Dead Space's Isaac Clarke on our list of characters we wanted to see added as downloadable content (you can see that list after this roster), and we're happy to hear that the character will be part of DLC coming out in March. The hero will be sporting his Dead Space 3 armor and strategically dismembering his enemies. Well, not really, but he'll shoot them a bunch. IGN went hands-on with the new hero and said that he played like Jak, relying on his multitude of weapons over brute force.
Zeus (God of War) - DLC
Also coming in March is Zeus, Kratos's mortal enemy in the God of War series (besides Ares, of course). We didn't think Sony would add any additional characters from the GoW pantheon, but if they were going to we suppose Zeus is as good of a pick as any. IGN went hands-on with Zeus as well, comparing him to the larger characters in PSASBR. With his powerful punches and focus on slow, strong hits, he's more similar to Big Daddy than he is the game's other lightning-wielder in Cole.
Kat (Gravity Rush) - DLC
The plucky heroine from the best PlayStation Vita game is probably the most exciting piece of free DLC weve ever anticipated. From the sounds of it, Kats fighting forte will be mastery of the airspace, using her gravity-shifting powers to set up big damage in the sky. Were willing to bet that her level 3 Super will suspend everyone in a bubble of anti-gravity, letting her dive-kick them out of existence with ease.
Emmett Graves (Starhawk) - DLC
This superpowered mercenary from the PS3-exclusive shooter was a shoe-in for Battle Royale, given that Sweet Tooths pre-order costume is also a product of Starhawk. With volatile Rift Energy coursing through his veins, we imagine his playstyle will incorporate long-range gunplay and up-close machete-stabbing. Designer Seth Killian has also explicitly stated that Emmett will have access to the same Build and Battle mechanic that lets him air-drop in entire structures to gain the positional advantage.
Cole MacGrath (inFamous)
inFamous's Cole MacGrath is the perfect fighting game character. He can punch, he can kick, he can hit things with a baton, and he can shoot lightning out of his freaking hands . He's sort of made for this sort of thing, which is why it wasn't all that surprising that he was announced to officially be joining the roster. He looks like he mostly uses attacks from his inFamous 2 move set, with supers including the ability to throw ice attacks and to unleash a vortex, which we're guessing is his level 3 Super.
Dante (DmC)
As expected, the new DmC's Dante is a playable fighter in Sony's brawler. The crude, rude combatant brings with him all of his moves from the games, including his sword, his scythe, his pistols, and his wit. Using his special meter, Dante can dash through opponents, or even activate his Devil Trigger, turning his hair white, his jacket red, and allowing him to execute one-hit kills on helpless enemies.
Fat Princess (Fat Princess)
As rumored, Fat Princess's titular Fat Princess is in the game. Well, to be fair, she's actually more portly than flat-out fat. Different directional attacks have her throwing different characters from Fat Princess into battle, tossing knights, mages, and archers around the battlefield. She can also ride a giant chicken, so you know, theres that.
Jak and Daxter (Jak and Daxter)
Jak and Daxter will fight as one, using their combined powers to take down their enemies on the 2D battlefield. Trailers show them bashing enemies to death for their level one and two Super attacks, and Jak transforming into "Light Jak" as his third-level ultimate ability.
Kratos (God of War)
This one was obvious. Kratos has a game coming out soon (check out a list of What we want to see from God of War: Ascension), making him an obvious choice for the game. And, unexpectedly, he plays exactly as youd expect Kratos to play. His basic attacks involve him lashing out with the Blades of Chaos, executing moves in the same manner as he does in the God of War games. He also has access to Helioss head, a bow, and the wings of Icarus.


text: Learn how to order food in a restaurant in English and how to pronounce words like 'smoked salmon', 'sandwiches', 'sliced bread' and 'loaf' correctly. The video also features words such as 'hamburger', 'cheeseburger', 'brownie' and learn the difference in pronunciation between 'desert' and 'dessert'. No more excuses for incorrectly pronouncing English when you go out for lunch or dinner. This video will help you understand and learn how to pronounce some of the more common words used when ordering food in a restaurant. Forvo, your pronunciation guide, makes it easier than anyone else.


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Yeast Types
The Different Yeast Types used to Ferment Wine Grape Must
Probably the best argument for adding cultured yeast is that natural yeast is not extremely effective at high sugar levels and can die before the desired alcohol level is reached. Cultured yeasts have been specifically developed to not be as susceptible to these problems. Different strains have varying responses to these two issues.
An additional potential problem to using natural yeasts is that there are often adverse bacteria on grape skins. In some circumstances, this can be disastrous to the winemaking process. However, be aware that some of California's best wines have and continue to be fermented with natural yeast.
Natural yeasts can be neutralized by adding sulfur dioxide to the juice before fermentation. Montrachet and Champagne are two cultured yeast types that are commonly used during winemaking.
Very few strains of yeast can survive over 16% alcohol. Yeast is only active between 26 and 97 degrees Fahrenheit. The enzymes responsible for fermentation are denatured above 149 degrees Fahrenheit. Many high-quality wines are flash pasteurized at 176 degrees Fahrenheit for about 1 minute.
Sulfur dioxide or sorbic acid is added after fermentation to kill any additional yeast cells. Pressure over 8 atmospheres will also kill yeast cells.
There are 2 major types of yeast used in the winemaking process: natural and cultured. Natural yeasts are present on the skins of grapes. They stick to the slightly waxy coating that develops on grapes. The yeast cells and other natural organisms that live on a grape's skin are called the "bloom."
Cultured yeasts are raised in the laboratory to develop certain characteristics. Many winemakers prefer cultured yeasts for their reliability and predicable behavior during the winemaking process. Although the addition of sulfur should be kept to a minimum, it is very difficult to make a stable wine without using sulfur at all. Too much sulfur will create off-aromas and can ruin a wine.
Yeasts are tiny fungi organisms used in the fermentation process of wine. There are thousands of species of yeasts, but Saccharomyces cerevisiae is most commonly used for wine production. In nature, yeasts often thrive in environments that contain a lot of sugar. Yeasts are naturally present of grape skins as well as many other fruits.
There are benefits of using either natural occurring or added cultured yeasts. The addition of one instead of the other depends on the winemaker's philosophy.
Many believe that natural yeast imparts more complex flavors and aromas in resulting wines. Others culture specific yeasts to give their wines what they believe to be more controlled and predictable characteristics. In modern winemaking, the latter type of yeast is more commonly used.
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Pipe-in-pipe systems are now commonly used to distribute water in many Norwegian homes. The inner pipe for drinking water is made of a plastic called cross-linked polyethylene (PEX). Are these pipes harmful to health and do they affect the taste and odour of drinking water?
Previous international studies have shown that plastic pipes can release substances that give an unwanted taste and odour to drinking water. It has also been suggested that some of these substances may be carcinogenic.
The aim of the study by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health was to investigate whether leakage products from these pipes are harmful to health and if they affect the taste and odour of drinking water. These leakage products consist of residues of additives used during production to give plastic pipes their desired properties, as well as any subsequent breakdown products.
The study showed:
Ten different types of PEX pipes available in the Norwegian market were tested for leaching products in a standardised laboratory test. The water was in contact with the tubes for 72 hours.
Three different manufacturing methods produce pipes known as PEX-a, PEX-b or PEX-c. These methods use slightly different additives, but this study found no correlation between production method and leakage products.
2.4-di-tert-butyl-phenol and methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) were two of the most commonly occurring substances detected in the water in the experiments.
For three types of new pipe, MTBE was detected in higher concentrations than the U.S. government's recommended limits for taste and odour of drinking water (USEPA), but the values were reduced to below this limit after the tubes had been in use for a while.
Story Source:
Materials provided by Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
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Two-year farm bill marathon ends in a sprint
WASHINGTON, D.C. — Congressman Peter Welch is not among the taller members of the U.S. House of Representatives, but the Vermont Democrat can hoof it. I've got about five inches on him, but I'm struggling to keep up as we wind through the tunnels and alleys somewhere beneath the Longworth House Office Building.
Welch is on his way to the House chamber, where the clerk has ordered a vote on the farm bill — a massive piece of legislation that has lingered in Congress for almost two years. Welch plans to vote in favor of the bill, which sets the nation's entire farm and food policy — that is, if he can make it within the 15-minute voting window.
The three of us — myself, the Congressman and press aide Ryan Nickel — hustle through a nondescript corridor that Welch tells me leads to the Capitol. He quickens his gait to a half-jog, weaving past staffers, fellow members and school groups. Hundreds of framed paintings line one wall of the seemingly endless hallway, which like most subterranean passageways is drab and mostly concrete.
The Congressman stops on a dime to point out one of them, which was done by a Vermonter.
"You should take a picture of it," he says to me. Nickel gently reminds him that there are only a few minutes left on the vote. Welch seems unconcerned.
At the end of the hallway is the subway, one of three rails that connect the Capitol to the House and Senate legislative office buildings. The three of us squeeze into a car with other members who are late to the vote. The ride is only about 30 seconds, and takes us to another series of tunnels.
Nickel tells me we're now underneath the House side of the Capitol, though the featureless, narrow hallways we enter look very much like the featureless, narrow hallways we'd previously walked through.
Welch navigates the labyrinth expertly, making lefts and rights without warning. From what I could discern, there are no signs to guide anyone anywhere, and I made a point to stay on the Congressman's heels, convinced that if we became separated I'd spend most of the afternoon finding my way out of the place.
After some more twists and turns Welch squeezes into a members-only elevator with a dozen of his colleagues that will take him to the House floor. Nickel whisks me down another hallway to a different elevator, which we take to the gallery.
We walk past a group of sailors waiting in line, and Nickel signs me in with the gallery clerk as a guest of the Congressman. I'm allowed inside after I surrender my camera, phone, recorder and notebook.
Looking down from the gallery I see the chamber is full. An hour earlier, as Welch delivered a floor speech in support of the bill, only a handful of members sat in the rows of seats. Now, most Representatives are present, milling about while the vote is completed.
The roll call is projected onto the wall directly across from me. Next to each name, listed in alphabetical order, is a green "Y" or a red "N," indicating how a particular member voted. Next to Welch's name there is nothing, and I wonder if he's missed it. The timer on the wall reads 0:00. Yet, the tally continues to climb. Then, a green "Y" appears next to Welch's name.
I try to find him on the floor, sort of a Where's Waldo of men with receding hairlines and dark suits. I spot him amid the throng of legislators, leaning against the desk in the well of the chamber, his forehead glinting in the light from sweat. Rep. Paul Ryan, R-Wisconsin, converses with other members close by, but Welch seems content to catch his breath.
The clerk of the House bangs the gavel, but members seem to pay him no mind. Over the din he reads the yeas and nays, but the members on the floor already know — the motion has passed.
I catch up with Welch after the vote — he says the vote was closer than he expected, but that is of little consequence. After years of negotiation, the House has adopted a new farm bill.
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The prophet seems here to launch out yet further into the prophecy of the Messiah and his kingdom under the type of Cyrus; and, having the great work of man's salvation by him yet more in view, he almost forgets the occasion that led him into it and drops the return out of Babylon; for indeed the prospect of this would be a greater comfort and support to the believing pious Jews, in their captivity, than the hope of that. And (as Mr. Gataker well observes) in this and similar prophecies of Christ, that are couched in types, as of David and Solomon, some passages agree to the type and not to the truth, other to the truth and not to the type, and many to the type in one sense and the truth in another. Here is, I. A prophecy of the Messiah's coming with meekness, and yet with power, to do the Redeemer's work, ver. 1-4. II. His commission opened, which he received from the Father, ver. 5-9. III. The joy and rejoicing with which the glad tidings of this should be received, ver. 10-12. IV. The wonderful success of the gospel, for the overthrow of the devil's kingdom, ver. 13-17. V. The rejection and ruin of the Jews for their unbelief, ver. 18-25.
1 Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth; I have put my spirit upon him: he shall bring forth judgment to the Gentiles. 2 He shall not cry, nor lift up, nor cause his voice to be heard in the street. 3 A bruised reed shall he not break, and the smoking flax shall he not quench: he shall bring forth judgment unto truth. 4 He shall not fail nor be discouraged, till he have set judgment in the earth: and the isles shall wait for his law.
We are sure that these verses are to be understood of Christ, for the evangelist tells us expressly that in him this prophecy was fulfilled, Matt. xii. 17-21. Behold with an eye of faith, behold and observe, behold and admire, my servant, whom I uphold. Let the Old-Testament saints behold and remember him. Now what must we behold and consider concerning him?
I. The Father's concern for him and relation to him, the confidence he put and the complacency he took in him. This put an honour upon him, and made him remarkable, above any other circumstance, v. 1. 1. God owns him as one employed for him: He is my servant. Though he was a Son, yet, as a Mediator, he took upon him the form of a servant, learned obedience to the will of God and practised it, and laid out himself to advance the interests of God's kingdom, and so he was God's servant. 2. As one chosen by him: He is my elect. He did not thrust himself into the service, but was called of God, and pitched upon as the fittest person for it. Infinite Wisdom made the choice and then avowed it. 3. As one he put a confidence in: He is my servant on whom I lean; so some read it. The Father put a confidence in him that he would go through with his undertaking, and, in that confidence, brought many sons to glory. It was a great trust which the Father reposed in the Son, but he knew him to be par negotio—equal to it, both able and faithful. 4. As one he took care of: He is my servant whom I uphold; so we read it. The Father bore him up, and bore him out, in his upholding him; he stood by him and strengthened him. 5. As one whom he took an entire complacency in: My elect, in whom my soul delights. His delight was in him from eternity, when he was by him as one brought up with him, Prov. viii. 30. He had a particular satisfaction in his undertaking: he declared himself well pleased in him (Matt. iii. 17; xvii. 5), and therefore loved him, because he laid down his life for the sheep. Let our souls delight in Christ, rely on him, and rejoice in him; and thus let us be united to him, and then, for his sake, the Father will be well pleased with us.
II. The qualification of him for his office: I have put my Spirit upon him, to enable him to go through his undertaking, ch. lxi. 1. The Spirit did not only come, but rest, upon him (ch. xi. 2), not by measure, as on others of God's servants, but without measure. Those whom God employs as his servants; as he will uphold them and be well pleased with them, so he will put his Spirit upon them.
III. The work to which he is appointed; it is to bring forth judgment to the Gentiles, that is, in infinite wisdom, holiness, and equity, to set up a religion in the world under the bonds of which the Gentiles should come and the blessings of which they should enjoy. The judgments of the Lord, which had been hidden from the Gentiles (Ps. cxlvii. 20), he came to bring forth to the Gentiles, for he was to be a light to lighten them.
IV. The mildness and tenderness with which he should pursue this undertaking, v. 2, 3. He shall carry it on, 1. In silence, and without noise: He shall not strive nor cry. It shall not be proclaimed, Lo, here, is Christ or Lo, he is there; as when great princes ride in progress or make a public entry. He shall have no trumpet sounded before him, nor any noisy retinue to follow him. The opposition he meets with he shall not strive against, but patiently endure the contradiction of sinners against himself. His kingdom is spiritual, and therefore its weapons are not carnal, nor is its appearance pompous; it comes not with observation. 2. Gently, and without rigour. Those that are wicked he will be patient with; when he has begun to crush them, so that they are as bruised reeds, he will give them space to repent and not immediately break them; though they are very offensive, as smoking flax (ch. lxv. 5), yet he will bear with them, as he did with Jerusalem. Those that are weak he will be tender of; those that have but a little life, a little heat, that are weak as a reed, oppressed with doubts and fears, as a bruised reed, that are as smoking flax, as the wick of a candle newly lighted, which is ready to go out again, he will not despise them, will not plead against them with his great power, nor lay upon them more work or more suffering than they can bear, which would break and quench them, but will graciously consider their frame. More is implied than is expressed. He will not break the bruised reed, but will strengthen it, that it may become a cedar in the courts of our God. He will not quench the smoking flax, but blow it up into a flame. Note, Jesus Christ is very tender toward those that have true grace, though they are but weak in it, and accepts the willingness of the spirit, pardoning and passing by the weakness of the flesh.
V. The courage and constancy with which he should persevere in this undertaking, so as to carry his point at last (v. 4): He shall not fail nor be discouraged. Though he meets with hard service and much opposition, and foresees how ungrateful the world will be, yet he goes on with his part of the work, till he is able to say, Is is finished; and he enables his apostles and ministers to go on with theirs too, and not to fail nor be discouraged, till they also have finished their testimony. And thus he accomplishes what he undertook. 1. He brings forth judgment unto truth. By a long course of miracles, and his resurrection at last, he shall fully evince the truth of his doctrine and the divine origin and authority of that holy religion which he came to establish. 2. He sets judgment in the earth. He erects his government in the world, a church for himself among men, reforms the world, and by the power of his gospel and grace fixes such principles in the minds of men as tend to make them wise and just. 3. The isles of the Gentiles wait for his law, wait for his gospel, that is, bid it welcome as if it had been a thing they had long waited for. They shall become his disciples, shall sit at his feet, and be ready to receive the law from his mouth. What wilt thou have us to do?
5 Thus saith God the Lord, he that created the heavens, and stretched them out; he that spread forth the earth, and that which cometh out of it; he that giveth breath unto the people upon it, and spirit to them that walk therein: 6 I the Lord have called thee in righteousness, and will hold thine hand, and will keep thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles; 7 To open the blind eyes, to bring out the prisoners from the prison, and them that sit in darkness out of the prison house. 8 I am the Lord: that is my name: and my glory will I not give to another, neither my praise to graven images. 9 Behold, the former things are come to pass, and new things do I declare: before they spring forth I tell you of them. 10 Sing unto the Lord a new song, and his praise from the end of the earth, ye that go down to the sea, and all that is therein; the isles, and the inhabitants thereof. 11 Let the wilderness and the cities thereof lift up their voice, the villages that Kedar doth inhabit: let the inhabitants of the rock sing, let them shout from the top of the mountains. 12 Let them give glory unto the Lord, and declare his praise in the islands.
Here is I. The covenant God made with and the commission he gave to the Messiah, v. 5-7, which are an exposition of v. 1, Behold my servant, whom I uphold.
1. The royal titles by which the great God here makes himself known, and distinguishes himself from all pretenders, speak very much his glory (v. 5): Thus saith God the Lord. And who are thou, Lord? Why, he is the fountain of all being and therefore the fountain of all power. He is the fountain of being, 1. In the upper world; for he created the heavens and stretched them out (ch. xl. 22), and keeps the vast expanse still upon the stretch. 2. In the lower world: for he spread forth the earth, and made it a capacious habitation, and that which comes out of it is produced by his power. 3. In the world of mankind: He gives breath to the people upon it, not only air to breathe in, but the breath of life itself and organs to breathe with; nay, he gives spirit, the powers and faculties of a rational soul, to those that walk therein. Now this is prefixed to God's covenant with the Messiah, and the commission given him, not only to show that he has authority to make such a covenant and give such a commission, and had power sufficient to bear him out, but that the design of the work of redemption was to maintain the honour of the Creator, and to restore man to the allegiance he owes to God as his Maker.
2. The assurances which he gives to the Messiah of his presence with him in all he did pursuant to his undertaking speak much encouragement to him, v. 6. (1.) God owns that the Messiah did not take the honour of being Mediator to himself, but was called of God, that he was no intruder, no usurper, but was fairly brought to it (Heb. v. 4): I have called thee in righteousness. God not only did him no wrong in calling him to this hard service, he having voluntarily offered himself to it, but did himself right in providing for his own honour and performing the word which he had spoken. (2.) He promises to stand by him and strengthen him in it, to hold his hand, not only to his work, but in it, to hold his hand, that it might not shake, that it might not fail, and so to keep him. When an angel was sent from heaven to strengthen him in his agonies, and the Father himself was with him, then this promise was fulfilled. Note, Those whom God calls he will own and help, and will hold their hands.
3. The great intentions of this commission speak abundance of comfort to the children of men. He was given for a covenant of the people, for a mediator, or guarantee, of the covenant of grace, which is all summed up in him. God, in giving us Christ, has with him freely given us all the blessings of the new covenant. Two glorious blessings Christ, in his gospel, brings with him to the Gentile world—light and liberty. (1.) He is given for a light to the Gentiles, not only to reveal to them what they were concerned to know, and which otherwise they could not have known, but to open the blind eyes, that they might know it. By his Spirit in the word he presents the object; by his Spirit in the heart he prepared the organ. When the gospel came light came, a great light, to those that sat in darkness, Matt. iv. 16; John iii. 19. And St. Paul was sent to the Gentiles to open their eyes, Acts xxvi. 18. Christ is the light of the world. (2.) He is sent to proclaim liberty to the captives, as Cyrus did, to bring out the prisoners; not only to open the prison-doors, and give them leave to go out, which was all that Cyrus could do, but to bring them out, to induce and enable them to make use of their liberty, which none did but those whose spirits God stirred up. This Christ does by his grace.
II. The ratification and confirmation of this grant. That we may be assured of the validity of it consider, 1. The authority of him that makes the promise (v. 8): I am the Lord, Jehovah, that is my name, and that was the name by which he made himself known when he began to perform the promise made to the patriarchs; whereas, before, he manifested himself by the name of God Almighty, Exod. vi. 3. If he is the Lord that gives being and birth to all things, he will give being and birth to this promise. If his name be Jehovah, which speaks him God alone, we may be sure his name is jealous, and he will not give his glory to another, whoever it is that stands in competition with him, especially not to graven images. He will send the Messiah to open men's eyes, that so he may turn them from the service of dumb idols to serve the living God, because, though he has long winked at the times of ignorance, he will now maintain his prerogative, and will not give his glory to graven images, and you can find more about that here on st-takla.org on other commentaries and dictionary entries. He will perform his word because he will not lose the honour of being true to it, nor be ever charged with falsehood by the worshippers of false gods. He will deliver his people from under the power of idolaters because it looks as if he had given his praise to graven images when he gives up his own worshippers to be worshippers of images. 2. The accomplishment of the promises he had formerly made concerning his church, which are proofs of the truth of his word and the kindness he bears to his people (v. 9): "Behold, the former things have come to pass; hitherto the Lord has helped his church, has supported her under former burdens, relieved her in former straits; and this in performance of the promises made to the fathers. There has not failed one word, 1 Kings viii. 56. And now new things do I declare. Now I will make new promises, which shall as certainly be fulfilled in their season as old ones were; now I will bestow new favours, such as have not been conferred formerly. Old-Testament blessings you have had abundantly; now I declare New-Testament blessings, not a fruitful country and dominion over your neighbours, but spiritual blessings in heavenly things. Before they spring forth in the preaching of the gospel I tell you of them, under the type and figure of the former things." Note, The receipt of former mercies may encourage us to hope for further mercies; for God is constant in his care for his people, and his compassions are still new.
III. The song of joy and praise which should be sung hereupon to the glory of God (v. 10): Sing unto the Lord a new song, a New-Testament song. The giving of Christ for a light to the Gentiles (v. 6) was a new thing, and very surprising. The apostle speaks of it as a mystery which, in other ages, was not made known, as it is now revealed, that the Gentiles should be fellow-heirs, Eph. iii. 5, 6. Now, this being the new thing which God declares, the newness of the song which is to be sung on this occasion is this, that whereas, before, the songs of the Lord were very much confined to the temple at Jerusalem (David's psalms were in the language of the Jews only, and sung by them in their own country only; for, when they were in a strange land, they hung their harps on the willow-trees and could not sing the Lord's song, as we find, Ps. cxxxvii. 2-4), now the songs of holy joy and praise shall be sung all the world over. The Gentile nations shall share equally with the Jews in New-Testament blessings, and therefore shall join in New-Testament praises and acts of worship. There shall be churches set up in Gentile nations and they shall sing a new song. The conversion of the Gentiles is often foretold under this notion, as appears, Rom. xv. 9-11. It is here promised that the praises of God's grace shall be sung with joy and thankfulness, 1. By those that live in the end of the earth, in countries that lie most remote from Jerusalem. From the uttermost parts of the earth have we heard songs, ch. xxiv. 16. This was fulfilled when Christianity was planted in our land. 2. By mariners and merchants, and those that go down to the sea, that do business in great waters, and suck the riches of the sea, and so make themselves masters of the fulness thereof and all that is therein, with which they shall praise God, and justly, for it is his, Ps. xxiv. 1; xcv. 5. The Jews traded little at sea; if therefore God's praises be sung by those that go down to the sea, it must be by Gentiles. Sea-faring men are called upon to praise God, Ps. cvii. 23. 3. By the islands and the inhabitants thereof, v. 10, and again, v. 12. Let them declare his praise in the islands, the isles of the Gentiles, probably referring to the islands of Greece. 4. By the wilderness and the cities thereof, and the villages of Kedar. These lay east from Jerusalem, as the islands lay west, so that the gospel songs should be sung from the rising of the sun to the going down of the same. The whole Gentile world had been like an island, cut off from communication with God's church, and like a wilderness, uncultivated and bringing forth no fruit to God; but now the islands and the wilderness shall praise God. 5. By the inhabitants of the rock, and those that dwell on the tops of the mountains, not only the Gentiles, but the poorest and meanest and most despicable, those that dwell in cottages, as well as those that inhabit cities and villages. The rude and most barbarous, as the mountaineers commonly are, shall be civilized by the gospel. Or by the inhabitants of the rock may be meant the inhabitants of that part of Arabia which is called Petræa—the rocky. Perhaps the neighbouring countries shared in the joy of the Israelites when they returned out of Babylon and some of them came and joined with them in their praises; but we find not that it was to any such degree as might fully answer this illustrious prophecy, and must conclude that it reaches further, and was fulfilled in that which many other prophecies of the joy of the nations are said in the New-Testament to be fulfilled in, the conversion of the Gentiles to the faith of Christ. When they are brought into the church they are brought to give glory to the Lord; then they are to him for a name and a praise, and they make it their business to praise him. He is glorified in them and by them.
13 The Lord shall go forth as a mighty man, he shall stir up jealousy like a man of war: he shall cry, yea, roar; he shall prevail against his enemies. 14 I have long time holden my peace; I have been still, and refrained myself: now will I cry like a travailing woman; I will destroy and devour at once. 15 I will make waste mountains and hills, and dry up all their herbs; and I will make the rivers islands, and I will dry up the pools. 16 And I will bring the blind by a way that they knew not; I will lead them in paths that they have not known: I will make darkness light before them, and crooked things straight. These things will I do unto them, and not forsake them. 17 They shall be turned back, they shall be greatly ashamed, that trust in graven images, that say to the molten images, Ye are our gods.
It comes all to one whether we make these verses (as some do) the song itself that is to be sung by the Gentile world or a prophecy of what God will do to make way for the singing of that song, that evangelical new song.
I. He will appear in his power and glory more than ever. So he did in the preaching of his gospel, in the divine power and energy which went along with it, and in the wonderful success it had in the pulling down of Satan's stronghold, v. 13, 14. He had long held his peace, and been still, and refrained himself, while he winked at the times of the ignorance of the Gentile world (Acts xvii. 30), and suffered all nations to walk in their own ways (Acts xiv. 16); but now he shall go forth as a mighty man, as a man of war, to attack the devil's kingdom and give it a fatal blow. The going forth of the gospel is thus represented, Rev. vi. 2. Christ, in it, went forth conquering and to conquer. The ministry of the apostles is called their warfare; and they were the soldiers of Jesus Christ. He shall stir up jealousy, shall appear more jealous than ever for the glory of his own name and against idolatry. 1. He shall cry, in the preaching of his word, cry like a travailing woman; for the ministers of Christ preached as men in earnest, and that travailed in birth again till they saw Christ formed in the souls of the people, Gal. iv. 19. He shall cry, yea, roar, in the gospel woes, which are more terrible than the roaring of a lion, and which must be preached along with gospel blessings to awaken a sleeping world. 2. He shall conquer by the power of his Spirit: He shall prevail against his enemies, shall prevail to make them friends, Col. i. 21. Those that contradict and blaspheme his gospel, he shall prevail to put them to silence and shame. He will destroy and devour at once all the oppositions of the powers of darkness. Satan shall fall as lightning from heaven, and he that had the power of death shall be destroyed. As a type and figure of this, to make way for the redemption of the Jews out of Babylon, God will humble the pride, and break the power, of their oppressors, and will at once destroy and devour the Babylonian monarchy. In accomplishing this destruction of Babylon by the Persian army under the command of Cyrus, he will make waste mountains and hills, level the country, and dry up all their herbs. The army, as usual, shall either carry off the forage or destroy it, and by laying bridges of boats over rivers shall turn them into islands, and so drain the fens and low grounds, to make way for the march of their army, that the pools shall be dried up. Thus, when the gospel shall be preached, it shall have a free course, and that which hinders the progress of it shall be taken out of the way.
II. He will manifest his favour and grace towards those whose spirits he had stirred up to follow him, as Ezra i. 5. Those who ask the way to Zion he will show the way, and lead in it, v. 16. Those who by nature were blind, and those who, being under convictions of sin and wrath are quite at a loss and know not what to do with themselves, God will lead by a way that they knew not, will show them the way to life and happiness by Jesus Christ, who is the way, and will conduct and carry them on in that way, which before they were strangers to. Thus, in the conversion of Paul, he was struck blind first, and then God revealed his Son in him, and made the scales to fall from his eyes. They are weak in knowledge, and the truths of God at first seem unintelligible; but God will make darkness light before them, and knowledge shall be easy to them. They are weak in duty, the commands of God seem impracticable, and insuperable difficulties are in the way of their obedience; but God will make crooked things straight; their way shall be plain, and the yoke easy. Those whom God brings into the right way he will guide in it. As a type of this, he will lead the Jews, when they return out of captivity, in a ready road to their own land again, and nothing shall occur to perplex or embarrass them in their journey. These are great things, and kind things, very great and very kind; but lest any should say, "They are too great, too kind, to be expected from God by such an undeserving people as that of the Jews, such an undeserving world as that of the Gentiles," he adds, These things will I do unto them, take my word for it I will, and I will not forsake them; he that begins to show this great mercy will go on to do them good.
III. He will particularly put those to confusion who adhere to idols notwithstanding the attempts made by the preaching of the gospel to turn them from idols (v. 17): They shall be turned back, and greatly ashamed, that trust in graven images. The Babylonians shall when they see how the Jews, who despise their images, are owned and delivered by the God they worship without images, and the Gentiles when they see how idolatry falls before the preaching of the gospel, is scattered like darkness before the light of the sun, and melts like snow before its heat. They shall be ashamed that ever they said to these molten images, You are our gods; for how can those help their worshippers who cannot help themselves, nor save themselves from falling into contempt? In times of reformation, when many turn from iniquity, and sin, being generally deserted, becomes unfashionable, it may be hoped that those who will not otherwise be reclaimed will be wrought upon by that consideration to be ashamed of it.
18 Hear, ye deaf; and look, ye blind, that ye may see. 19 Who is blind, but my servant? or deaf, as my messenger that I sent? who is blind as he that is perfect, and blind as the Lord's servant? 20 Seeing many things, but thou observest not; opening the ears, but he heareth not. 21 The Lord is well pleased for his righteousness' sake; he will magnify the law, and make it honourable. 22 But this is a people robbed and spoiled; they are all of them snared in holes, and they are hid in prison houses: they are for a prey, and none delivereth; for a spoil, and none saith, Restore. 23 Who among you will give ear to this? who will hearken and hear for the time to come? 24 Who gave Jacob for a spoil, and Israel to the robbers? did not the Lord, he against whom we have sinned? for they would not walk in his ways, neither were they obedient unto his law. 25 Therefore he hath poured upon him the fury of his anger, and the strength of battle: and it hath set him on fire round about, yet he knew not; and it burned him, yet he laid it not to heart.
The prophet, having spoken by way of comfort and encouragement to the believing Jews who waited for the consolation of Israel, here turns to those among them who were unbelieving, for their conviction and humiliation. Among those who were in captivity in Babylon there were some who were as the evil figs in Jeremiah's vision, who were sent thither for their hurt, to be removed into all the kingdoms of the earth, for a reproach and a proverb, Jer. xxiv. 9. In them there was a type of the Jews who rejected Christ and were rejected by him, and then fell more than ever under the curse, when those who believed were inheriting the blessing; for they were broken, and ruined, and remain dispersed unto this day. Observe,
I. The call that is given to this people (v. 18): "Hear, you deaf, and attend to the joyful sound, and look you blind, that you may see the joyful light." There is no absurdity in this command, nor is it unbecoming the wisdom and goodness of God to call us to do that good which yet of ourselves we are not sufficient for; for those have natural powers which they may employ so as to do better than they do, and may have supernatural grace if it be not their own fault, who yet labour under a moral impotency to that which is good. This call to the deaf to hear and the blind to see is like the command given to the man that had the withered hand to stretch it forth; though he could not do this, because it was withered, yet, if he had not attempted to do it, he would not have been healed, and his being healed thereupon was owing, not to his act, but to the divine power.
II. The character that is given of them (v. 19, 20): Who is blind, but my servant, or deaf as my messenger? The people of the Jews were in profession God's servants, and their priests and elders his messengers (Mal. ii. 7); but they were deaf and blind. The verse before may be understood as spoken to the Gentile idolaters, whom he calls deaf and blind, because they worshipped gods that were so. "But," says he, "no wonder you are deaf and blind when my own people are as bad as you, and many of them as much set upon idolatry."
1. He complains of their sottishness—they are blind; and of their stubbornness—they are deaf. They were even worse than the Gentiles themselves. Corruptio optimi est pessima—What is best becomes, when corrupted, the worst. "Who is so wilfully, so scandalously, blind and deaf as my servant and my messenger, as Jacob who is my servant (ch. xli. 8), and as their prophets and teachers who are my messengers? Who is blind as he that in profession and pretension is perfect, that should come nearer to perfection than other people, their priests and prophets? The one prophesies falsely, and the other bears rule by their means; and who so blind as those that will not see when they have the light shining in their faces?" Note, (1.) It is a common thing, but a very sad thing, for those that in profession are God's servants and messengers to be themselves blind and deaf in spiritual things, ignorant, erroneous, and very careless. (2.) Blindness and deafness in spiritual things are worse in those that profess themselves to be God's servants and messengers than in others. It is in them the greater sin and shame, the greater dishonour to God, and to themselves a greater damnation.
2. The prophet goes on (v. 20) to describe the blindness and obstinacy of the Jewish nation, just as our Saviour describes it in his time (Matt. xiii. 14, 15): Seeing many things, but thou observest not. Multitudes are ruined for want of observing that which they cannot but see; they perish, not through ignorance, but mere carelessness. The Jews in our Saviour's time saw many proofs of his divine mission, but they did not observe them; they seemed to open their ears to him, but they did not hear, that is, they did not heed, did not understand, or believe, or obey, and then it was all one as if they had not heard.
III. The care God will take of the honour of his own name, notwithstanding their blindness and deafness, especially of his word, which he has magnified above all his name. Shall the unbelief and obstinacy of men make the promise of God of no effect? God forbid, Rom. iii. 3, 4. No, though they are blind and deaf, God will be no loser in his glory (v. 21): The Lord is well pleased for his righteousness' sake; not well pleased with their sin, but well pleased in the manifestation of his own righteousness, in rejecting them for rejecting the great salvation. He speaks as one well pleased, ch. i. 24: Ah! I will ease me of my adversaries; and Ezek. v. 13, I will be comforted. The scripture was fulfilled in the casting off of the Jews as well as in the calling in of the Gentiles, and therein the Lord will be well pleased. He will magnify the law (divine revelation in all the parts of it) and will make it honourable. The law is truly honourable, and the things of it are great things; and, if men will not magnify it by their obedience to it, God will magnify it himself by punishing them for their disobedience. He will magnify the law by accomplishing what is written in it, will magnify its authority, its efficacy, its equity. He will do it at last, when all men shall be judged by the law of liberty, James ii. 12. He is doing it every day. What is it that God is doing in the world, but magnifying the law and making it honourable?
IV. The calamities God will bring upon the Jewish nation for their wilful blindness and deafness, v. 22. They are robbed and spoiled. Those that were impenitent and unreformed in Babylon were sentenced to perpetual captivity. It was for their sins that they were spoiled of all their possessions, not only in their own land, but in the land of their enemies. They were some of them snared in holes, and others hidden in prison-houses. They cannot help themselves, for they are snared. Their friends cannot help them, for they are hidden; and their enemies have forgotten them in their prisons. They, and all they have, are for a prey and for a spoil; and there is none that delivers either by force or ransom, nor any that dares say to the proud oppressors, Restore. There they lie, and there they are likely to lie. This had its full accomplishment in the final destruction of the Jewish nation by the Romans, which God brought upon them for rejecting the gospel of Christ.
V. The counsel given them in order to their relief; for, though their case be sad, it is not desperate.
1. The generality of them are deaf; they will not hearken to the voice of God's word. He will therefore try his rod, and see who among them will give ear to that, v. 23. We must not despair concerning those who have been long reasoned with in vain; some of them may, at length, give ear and hearken. If one method not take effect, another may, and sinners shall be left inexcusable. Observe, (1.) We may all of us, if we will, hear the voice of God, and we are called and invited to hear it. (2.) It is worth while to enquire who they are that perceive God speaking to them and are willing to hear him. (3.) Of the many that hear the voice of God there are very few that hearken to it or heed it, that hear it with attention and application. (4.) In hearing the word we must have an eye to the time to come. We must hear for hereafter, for what may occur between us and the grave; we must especially hear for eternity. We must hear the word with another world in our eye.
2. The counsel is, (1.) To acknowledge the hand of God in their afflictions, and, whoever were the instruments, to have an eye to him as the principal agent (v. 24): "Who gave Jacob and Israel, that people that used to have such an interest in heaven and such a dominion on earth, who gave them for a spoil to the robbers, as they are now to the Babylonians and to the Romans? Did not the Lord? You know he did; consider it then, and hear his voice in these judgments." (2.) To acknowledge that they had provoked God thus to abandon them, and had brought all these calamities upon themselves. [1.] These punishments were first inflicted on them for their disobedience to the laws of God: It is he against whom we have sinned; the prophet puts himself into the number of the sinners, As Dan. ix. 7, 8. "We have sinned; we have all brought fuel to the fire; and there are those among us that have wilfully refused to walk in his ways." Jacob and Israel would never have been given up to the robbers if they had not by their iniquities sold themselves. Therefore it is, because they have violated the commands of the law, that God has brought upon them the curses of the law; he has not dropped, but poured upon him the fury of his anger and the strength of battle, all the desolations of war, which have set him on fire round about; for God surrounds the wicked with his favours. See the power of God's anger; there is no resisting it, no escaping it. See the mischief that sin makes; it provokes God to anger against a people, and so kindles a universal conflagration, sets all on fire. [2.] These judgments were continued upon them for their senselessness and incorrigibleness under the rod of God. The fire of God's wrath kindled upon him, and he knew it not, was not aware of it, took no notice of the judgments, at least not of the hand of God in them. Nay, it burned him, and, though he could not then but know it and feel it, yet he laid it not to heart, was not awakened by the fiery rebukes he was under nor at all affected with them. Those who are not humbled by less judgments must expect greater; for when God judges he will overcome.
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Recently I painted walls in bathroom with latex water-dispersion paint. The walls were quite even, except some minor defects and a few major ones. I applied "acrylate" filler (that's what the can says) on those defects. In case of major defects I appiled about 4 millimeters of filler. I let the filler dry out, sanded it and applied two layers of paint.
Now I see that the paint coating is slightly darker where I applied a thick layer of filler. I suppose the filler hasn't dried completely and now releases moisture and this propagates through paint.
Do I take any special measures or just wait till it dries up? How long should I wait? Have I screwed it?


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Help in Stopping Abductions: READ and HEAR the testimonies of over 100 people For more information on making it stop contact: |
If you are being contacted or abducted by aliens, and you do not wish it to continue, there is hope. Despite certain researchers' claims, many have learned to completely stop (ie, permanently terminate) the alien abduction experience, both while in progress, and as a life pattern.
You absolutely DO NOT have to "live with it in a positive light," as some will counsel. Freely explore online all that we have to say – we have the experience, and the proof of testimony that others cannot claim. Based on personal experience in stopping abductions and in helping others, we encourage you that you can be set free from this torment.
The helpless inability to move felt during such an attack is well-documented, apart from the abduction experience. ( Sleep Paralysis, aka "Old Hag".) You are not being held by "superior" technology, or even "paralyzed by fear." Our bodies are designed to release a chemical to "disconnect our brain from our body" while sleeping, so that we will not injure ourselves (or another!) by physically acting out our dreams. This is when these beings first come/came to you, in certain stages of sleep, while you are normally physically unable to move (but before they even got there). These beings simply capitalize on our physiology to seem more powerful, to discourage "resistance."
Other research shows that "angelics" may have the ability to induce the "deep sleep" necessary for trances, hypnotic or altered states, or even more Biblical "visions" or "journeys" of the spiritual realms. Initial abduction experiences are quite often astral, "dreamscapes" or "inter-dimensional." Most abductees do not experience waking instances until they have been conditioned (often from childhood) to believe that they are helpless, or until they have been deceived into giving their consent to the experience. In short, we can be conditioned into believing that we are unable to stop the experience (resulting in our passive acceptance and compliance, even an eventual "embracing" of the abduction experience as being "for the overall good"), but for those who will look further this is a proven deception. And again, the experience, life pattern and "generational curse" can be brought to an end through education, prayer and active resistance on your part.
Remember, you are a sovereign individual, created in the image of God. You have the right to say no this "rape" of your free will. In Christ, you can have the power as well. Educating yourself on the truth behind the alien deception, then securing a frame of mind to resist through the authority of Jesus Christ, is the key. Bringing others into your life to pray with you is often essential – especially if you are not currently a Christian, or have certain avoidable "open doors" in your life.
While many secular UFO researchers prefer to whitewash this fact, extensive prior occult activity can be found in the lives of almost everyone (or their parents) who experiences ongoing contact and/or abductions. While this is not a 100% rule as certain less informed Christians claim (ie, being a "good Christian" is not a foolproof immunity from abductions, nor is occult dabbling the only reason it would happen to some*), this needs to be renounced if it applies to you. It provides the "open doors" for continuing occult oppression among you and your family. Especially don't be ashamed to ask for help – the greatest success for any "devil" to have is to keep you isolated from those with the knowledge, faith and spiritual authority to offer lasting help.
"Though one may be overpowered, two can defend themselves.
A cord of three strands is not quickly broken." Ecclesiastes 4:12
Get determine, and say No. |
Resistance is Fertile. |
Please Note: We are certainly not implying that using Jesus' name is a magic formula. There are those who will say they "tried that" and it didn't work. The "power" is in the believer's authority given to him or her by Christ, not merely a ritualistic "conjuring" of the name itself. But we also know of times when God has answered cries for help from those who are not Christians, to show Himself as real and caring to the non-believer, or perhaps to inspire a first-time faith (aka "foxhole conversion"). Also, "righteous anger" or any "appeal to a higher power" has produced results for some, but only in individual instances that do not produce lasting peace or freedom for the individual (see Jeff Scott's link below).
For documented research and evidence that these experiences stop in the name of Jesus Christ, please see the website of MUFON researcher Joe Jordan's CE4 Research Group.
A relationship with Jesus Christ will help you to TERMINATE the experience, in progress and especially AS A LIFE PATTERN, and especially to not pass it on to your children (Exodus 20:5 – the Second Commandment).
"It is by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth…
Salvation is found in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given to men
by which we must be saved."
Acts 4:8-12
"Submit yourselves, then, to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.
Come near to God and he will come near to you…"
James 4:7
HOW TO STOP ABDUCTIONS The CE4 Research FAQ Breaking Demonic Legal Grounds – Closing the Doors If you have any questions please contact: |
And also see: Deliverance & Spiritual Warfare Theology
The Bible, Physics, and the Abilities of Fallen Angels: The Alien Abduction Phenomenon
An online book which studies the Bible and modern physics to explain the methods used by fallen angels in abduction experiences.
A Modern Guide to Demons and Fallen Angels
An online Bible study book on angelology and demonology detailing the history and characteristics of demons and fallen angels. Know your enemy, "Lest Satan should take advantage of us; for we are not ignorant of his devices." 2 Cor 2:11
Especially see The Abilities of Fallen Angels as Described in the Bible
and The Abilities of Demons as Described in the Bible
And also watch the videos Evidences for a Spiritual Interpretation of Alien Contact by Guy Malone
and Unholy Communion: Casualties of a Cosmic War by Joe Jordan (top information from our online video collection).
In every instance we recommend getting into a Bible-believing local church to fellowship with like-minded Bible-believing Christians. We recommended that time needs to be spent growing in God's Word and building a personal relationship with the Creator of the universe.
* Christians who believe that "only occult activity" results in abductions, please read The 3 Causes of Abductions


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Amidst the Coronavirus lockdown in India, it has adversely affected Lakhs of daily wage earners, servants, construction workers, daily labourers, Rickshaw-pullers, Balloon sellers, and so on, who have no means of income to feed their families for the next few weeks.
Migrated workers were returned back to their hometown and some of them are still stuck somewhere on the way. It would take a massive effort by govt, private agencies, social workers to rehabilitate them.
We are trying to support 40-50 families bring back their lives on track.
We have team of volunteers in the few cities of our country they are working relentlessly serve the society.
- We educate underprivileged children.
- Provide skill training to youth and women.
- We provide platforms to children where they can showcase their talents like singing, dancing, painting etc.
- We channelize the youth potential and connect them with their duty to contribute toward nation building.
- We are also in touch is orphanage/old age home, our team visit there to support.
It is important that in times like this we show solidarity and come forward to help the ones in need. You can ask questions, before donating the amount.
We are trying to help the families of these daily wage earners
Please donate towards this noble cause and join the fight against Coronavirus.


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Power grids were not designed to fail completely and be started-up all at once. The basic problem is that it takes energy to produce energy. Hydroelectric, steam and nuclear power plants all require energy to start up. Steam and nuclear plants require enough energy to bring a large amount of water to steam before operation can begin. Hydroelectric plants need power to open massive valves which opened manually normally take 300 turns. Hydroelectric plants are the easiest to start from black-out conditions. However, during the black-out of the HydroQuebec power grid in March 1989, it took 9 hours to restore 90% of the system even though it is based on hydroelectric power plants. Other types of plants might take days to restart.
Large transformers are very expensive pieces of equipment (~$10 million). Since catastrophic transformer failures are extremely infrequent, power plants do not keep spare units. Lead times for ordering and delivery of new units can be quite significant (up to a year). While waiting for a new transformer, a power plant would be inoperable.
Whenever an electrical device is started up, it requires an instantaneous surge of power that is greater than the normal operating power requirements for the device. For example, a flourescent light requires an instantaneous power surge 10 times greater than its normal operating requirements to start up. During normal operations of a power grid, the appliances in everyone's homes don't start up all at once but start ups are scattered randomly in time. After a black-out, every furnace or air conditioner, and a large number of other appliances will try to start up all at once. The power demand at start up is much larger than the normal power demands on the power distribution network.


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ICBC is reminding holiday shoppers to be especially careful in the upcoming weeks as the shopping season also marks a high season for parking lot accidents.
Across the province in 2017 there were approximately 150,000 crashes in all parking lots, which resulted in 5,400 injuries, and an average of 200 crashes in parking lots tied to malls.
"Crashes that happen in parking lots aren't usually very serious – but any kind of crash is a headache for any owner, from the cost of a crash and waiting to get your car repaired," said ICBC spokesperson Joanna Linsangan. "No need to add any more stress to the holiday season."
Most accidents happen in December, on Fridays and Saturdays between 12:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m.
ICBC is reminding drivers to keep an eye out for busy shoppers on foot, and recommends parking farther away from a mall entrance if possible, and to park their cars facing out to limit blind spots.
It also ask drivers not to block traffic as they wait to pick someone up, to pay attention to the directional arrows and stop signs and– as one fictional ice princess famously sang– just to "let it go" when it comes to fighting with another driver over a parking spot.
For more information, you can visit icbc.com
Send a Tweet: @NicoleCrescenzi
Like us on Facebook


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JASNA, Slovakia (Feb. 28) - Paula Moltzan (Lakeville, MN; Buck Hill Ski Team/Ski and Snowboard Club Vail) continued her strong skiing Friday with fourth in the FIS Alpine Junior World Championships slalom, just .49 from the podium. Joining Moltzan in the top 10 was teammate Lila Lapanja (Incline Village, NV; Sugar Bowl Academy/Diamond Peak) in sixth. Foreste Peterson (Berkeley, CA; Squaw Valley Ski Team) also put in a solid performance to finish 19th behind race winner Petra Vhlova of Slovakia. Moltzan was sixth just a day earlier in the giant slalom. Junior Worlds action continues Saturday with men's downhill.
QUOTESPaula MoltzanIt's hard to be fourth but I'm happy with it. It's so fun. It's awesome to have your teammates up there with you. We push each other every day so hard, and to see all of us moving up together is really rewarding.
It was basically the same conditions as yesterday: super foggy, raining/snowing, but you've got to fight through everything.
The course was so good. The course crew has been really amazing here. The first course set was a little tight and quick and turny all the way down to the finish line. I don't think too many people had problems, but the fast girls were really fast on it. The second run was way more distance and quick and fast down the fall line. The Slovakian just had it together, it was awesome.
Lila LapanjaEverything felt good. It was super foggy right above the course, so during warm-up you had to ski right in the fog and get a good feeling just sending it through the fog. I got a good feeling down and had a solid first run and a solid start position, which put me in a good position for second run and I knew I had to let it go if I wanted to stay up there with the top girls. So I gave it my best on second run and it worked out.
It was super fun. The snow is awesome. They did a great job.
Last year it was a huge goal of mine to even get top 15 at World Juniors and I did accomplish that in the slalom and knew I had so much left. I got another year of training under my belt and to finish in the top 10 knowing that I have so much more left is really exciting. I'm so excited of my potential when I put it all down for two solid runs.
There's a great team vibe. We are basically siblings now. We've been traveling, training and living with each other, with Paula especially, for almost three years, so we have a healthy relationship off snow and on snow we're very competitive and we push each other to keep doing our best. We're always really positive and supportive of each other, and I always wish the best for them. So it was really exciting to share the fourth with Paula and Foreste had a solid day, I think it was her best result ever at Junior World Champs. It was a good day, very positive.
RESULTSOfficial Results
LINKS Facebook Twitter USSA Network
HELP THE TEAM The U.S. Ski Team relies solely on the support of the American public. Click here to support the team.


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"Lesson 33: Extending and Receiving Forgiveness," Duties and Blessings of the Priesthood: Basic Manual for Priesthood Holders, Part B (2000), 272–80
"Lesson 33: Extending and Receiving Forgiveness," Duties and Blessings of the Priesthood: Basic Manual for Priesthood Holders, Part B, 272–80
Lesson 33
Extending and Receiving Forgiveness
The purpose of this lesson is to motivate us to forgive others and receive forgiveness.
In the following parable the Savior taught us about Heavenly Father's love for us:
A certain man had two sons. The younger son asked his father for his share of the family's possessions. He then took what his father gave him and went to another country, where he quickly wasted all his money and broke the commandments of God.
When the wayward son had spent all he had, a great famine occurred. He soon became hungry, so he found a job feeding pigs. But he was still so poor and hungry that he wanted to eat the food given to the pigs.
In his misery the young man realized his mistakes. He remembered that even his father's servants had enough to eat. He decided to return home and ask to live as a servant. When he approached his home, his father saw him coming and ran out to meet him. As they embraced, the son said, "Father, I have sinned against heaven, and in thy sight, and am no more worthy to be called thy son." But the father was so happy to have his son home again that he took his best robe and put it on him. He gave him shoes to wear and placed a ring on his finger. Then he commanded his servants to prepare a great feast.
When the older brother, who had remained faithful, saw what was happening, he was hurt. The father had not given him such a feast. The father comforted him by telling him that everything the family owned was to be his. His brother had squandered his inheritance, but his return home was a reason to rejoice. He said, "This thy brother was dead, and is alive again; and was lost, and is found." (See Luke 15:11–32.)
Each of us has sinned in some way, but the Lord's Atonement makes it possible for us to be forgiven of our sins. In speaking of His sacrifice, He said, "For behold, I, God, have suffered these things for all, that they might not suffer if they would repent" (D&C 19:16).
In another scripture the Lord says, "Behold, he who has repented of his sins, the same is forgiven, and I, the Lord, remember them no more" (D&C 58:42). Each of us must repent to receive forgiveness from the Lord.
What did the younger son in the parable need to do to change his life? (Realize his mistakes, return home, confess his sins, and forsake them.) What feelings do you think the son had while approaching home? (He may have felt fear of being rejected. He may have felt happy to be going home. He may have felt he was doing the right thing.)
Forgiveness Brings Joy
How do you think the son felt after his father welcomed him?
How do you feel toward the Savior, knowing that His suffering made it possible for you to repent of your sins?
When we repent, Heavenly Father rejoices and forgives us—just like the father in the parable. Think about your own life and the joy you feel from repenting and being forgiven.
Alma the Younger was the son of a prophet of God, but he had committed some serious sins. One of his worst sins was his attempt to destroy the Church of God by leading people away from the truth. As the leader of the Church, Alma's father felt much grief over his son's wickedness and prayed often to the Lord that his son might come to know the truth.
Because of the faith and prayers of his father and other servants of the Lord, the younger Alma was visited one day by an angel. The angel spoke with such force that Alma fell to the earth. He became convinced of God's great power. The angel commanded Alma to stop trying to destroy the Church. When the angel left, Alma was so astonished he could not speak. He fell again to the ground and had no strength for two days. When he could speak again, he told the people that he had experienced a great change in his life, repented of his sins, and been redeemed by the Lord. Alma decided to keep the commandments of God and do all he could to make up for his past sins. His efforts were so great that he became a great missionary and later became the prophet of the Church. (See Mosiah 27; 29:42.)
In describing his experience, Alma said:
"And now, for three days and for three nights was I racked, even with the pains of a damned soul.
"And it came to pass that as I was thus racked with torment, while I was harrowed up by the memory of my many sins, behold, I remembered also to have heard my father prophesy unto the people concerning the coming of one Jesus Christ, a Son of God, to atone for the sins of the world.
"Now, as my mind caught hold upon this thought, I cried within my heart: O Jesus, thou Son of God, have mercy on me, who am in the gall of bitterness, and am encircled about by the everlasting chains of death.
"And now, behold, when I thought this, I could remember my pains no more; yea, I was harrowed up by the memory of my many sins no more.
"And oh, what joy, and what marvelous light I did behold; yea, my soul was filled with joy as exceeding as was my pain!
"Yea, … there could be nothing so exquisite and so bitter as were my pains. Yea, and … on the other hand, there can be nothing so exquisite and sweet as was my joy" (Alma 36:16–21).
What did Alma do to be forgiven? (He repented and called upon God for forgiveness.) How did Alma know he had been forgiven? (His soul was filled with joy.)
King Benjamin's people also knew the joy of receiving forgiveness. Upon hearing King Benjamin's last great sermon, they repented and asked to be forgiven of their sins. The scripture explains that "the Spirit of the Lord came upon them, and they were filled with joy, having received a remission of their sins, and having peace of conscience, because of the exceeding faith which they had in Jesus Christ" (Mosiah 4:3).
We Are Required to Forgive Everyone
Because of the Savior's perfect love for us, He willingly forgives us if we truly repent. In return, He has asked us to be like Him and forgive one another.
Have a class member read Doctrine and Covenants 64:8. Why did Christ chasten His disciples? (They did not forgive each other.)
Have a class member read Doctrine and Covenants 64:9–11. Write on the chalkboard Of you it is required to forgive all men.
What does the Lord mean when He says that the greater sin remains in us when we do not forgive?
Jesus illustrated the principle of forgiveness through the parable of the unmerciful servant:
A certain servant owed his master 10,000 talents—a great sum of money. When it was time to repay the debt, the servant begged his master to have patience; he did not have the money, but with time he would repay it. The master felt compassion for the servant and forgave him the debt. This same servant, however, went out and demanded payment from a fellow servant who owed him a very small amount of money. When the man could not pay, the servant had him imprisoned. When the master learned what had happened, he was very angry with the unmerciful servant and made him pay all that he owed. (See Matthew 18:21–34.)
Jesus finished the parable by teaching the people, "So likewise shall my heavenly Father do also unto you, if ye from your hearts forgive not every one his brother their trespasses" (Matthew 18:35).
How are we like the servant who had been forgiven his great debt? If we do not forgive others, how are we like the unmerciful servant?
The greatest example of forgiveness comes from the life of the Savior. As He hung in agony upon the cross, He prayed that the Father would forgive the soldiers who crucified Him. "Father," He said, "forgive them; for they know not what they do" (Luke 23:34).
President Spencer W. Kimball said: "To be in the right we must forgive, and we must do so without regard to whether or not our antagonist repents, or how sincere is his [change], or whether or not he asks our forgiveness. We must follow the example and the teaching of the Master" (The Miracle of Forgiveness [1969], 283).
Forgiving Others Brings Us Peace
Many times when someone has sinned against us, we become bitter and angry. These feelings can make us miserable, even if we did not commit the sin. If we allow these feelings to stay in our souls, we will drive the Spirit of the Lord away. This is one reason the Lord has commanded us to forgive those who hurt us.
President John Taylor said, "To have in your heart the spirit of forgiveness and to eliminate from your hearts the spirit of hatred and bitterness, brings peace and joy" (quoted by Heber J. Grant, in Conference Report, Oct. 1920, 7).
President Spencer W. Kimball told the following story to illustrate the peace that comes from forgiving others:
In 1918, three officers of the law were murdered when they attempted to arrest several criminals. Glenn Kempton's father was one of the officers killed. Sometime later the murderers were captured, tried, and sent to prison for life.
How would you feel toward someone who had taken the life of your father? Why would it be hard to forgive such a man?
Brother Kempton described his experience this way:
"As a young boy in my early teens, there grew in my heart a bitterness and a hatred toward the confessed slayer of my Father, for Tom Powers had admitted killing my Dad.
"The years swept by, I grew up, but still that heavy feeling stayed inside me. High school ended, and then I received a call to go to the Eastern States Mission. There my knowledge and testimony of the gospel grew rapidly, as all of my time was spent studying and preaching it. One day while reading the New Testament, I came to Matthew, fifth chapter, verses 43 to 45."
Read Matthew 5:43–45.
Brother Kempton continued: "Here it was, the words of the Savior saying we should forgive. This applied to me. I read those verses again and again and it still meant forgiveness. Not very long after this, I found in the 64th section of the Doctrine and Covenants, verses 9 and 10, more of the Savior's words. …"
Reread Doctrine and Covenants 64:9–10.
"I didn't know whether or not Tom Powers had repented but I did know now that I had an appointment to make after I returned home, and I resolved before I left the mission field to do just that.
"After returning home, I met and married a fine Latter-day Saint girl, and the Lord blessed our home with five lovely children. The years were passing rapidly and the Lord had been good to us, yet guilt arose within me every time I thought of the appointment I had not kept.
"A few years ago, just shortly before Christmas, a season when the love of Christ abounds and the spirit of giving and forgiving gets inside of us, my wife and I were in Phoenix on a short trip. Having concluded our business in the middle of the second afternoon, we started home. As we rode along, I expressed the desire to detour and return home via Florence, for that is where the state prison is located. My wife readily assented.
"It was after visiting hours when we arrived but I went on inside and asked for the warden. I was directed to his office.
"After I had introduced myself and expressed a desire to meet and talk to Tom Powers, a puzzled expression came over the warden's face, but after only a slight hesitation, he said, 'I'm sure that can be arranged.' Whereupon he dispatched a guard down into the compound who soon returned with Tom. We were introduced, and led into the parole room where we had a long talk. We went back to that cold, gray February morning thirty years before, re-enacting that whole terrible tragedy. We talked for perhaps an hour and a half. Finally, I said, 'Tom, you made a mistake for which you owe a debt to society for which I feel you must continue to pay, just the same as I must continue to pay the price for having been reared without a father.'"
Show visual 33-b, "Tom Powers and Glenn Kempton."
"Then I stood and extended my hand. He stood and took it. I continued, 'With all my heart, I forgive you for this awful thing that has come into our lives.'
"He bowed his head and I left him there. I don't know how he felt then, and I don't know how he feels now, but my witness to you is that it is a glorious thing when bitterness and hatred go out of your heart and forgiveness comes in.
"I thanked the warden for his kindness, and as I walked out the door and down that long flight of steps I knew that forgiveness was better than revenge, for I had experienced it.
"As we drove toward home in the gathering twilight, a sweet and peaceful calm came over me. Out of pure gratitude I placed my arm around my wife, who understood, for I know that we had now found a broader, richer and more abundant life" (quoted in The Miracle of Forgiveness, 291–93).
The Savior forgives us of our sins if we repent and then follow Him, doing all He asks of us. One of the things He expects us to do is to forgive others. As we do so, He has promised us joy and peace, teaching us that both forgiving and being forgiven are essential to our eternal salvation.
Repent of any wrongdoings you have committed. If anyone has hurt you in any way, cleanse your soul of any bitterness by forgiving that person.
Additional Scriptures
Matthew 6:14–15 (what happens when we forgive others and when we do not)
Matthew 7:1–5 (we should not judge others)
Matthew 18:21–22 (forgive seventy times seven)
Ephesians 4:32 (forgive one another)
Doctrine and Covenants 42:88 (be reconciled with those who offend us)
Teacher Preparation
Before presenting this lesson:
Review Gospel Principles chapter 19, "Repentance."
Prepare yourself spiritually for giving the lesson by taking care of any problem in your own life related to forgiveness.
Assign class members to present any stories, scriptures, or quotations you wish.


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Weather Stations: Winds
Adapted from Toasty Wind, JetStream — Online School for Weather, National Weather Service.
Children use a toaster to generate wind and compare the appliance's heat source to Jupiter's own hot interior. They discover that convection drives wind on Jupiter and on Earth.
What's the Point?
- Jupiter's weather is generated by a strong convection of gases from Jupiter's hot interior to cold upper atmosphere. Only part of its heat is from the Sun's light; the majority comes from deep within.
- The Juno mission will help us better understand Jupiter's turbulent atmosphere by measuring temperatures at different depths.
The following materials are for this Weather Stations activity set.
Three sets are recommended for a station.
- Toaster
- Optional: Wide tape or cord cover
- 1 kite, constructed from
- 1 (12") dowel
- 1 (3.5x3.5") piece of aluminum foil (not "heavy duty")
- 1 paperclip
- Tape
- Winds Seen from Space
For each child:
- His/her My Trip to Jupiter Journal or just the relevant "Weather Stations: Winds" page
- 1 pencil or pen
Facilitator's Note: Instead of the toaster, you may wish to use an electric candle lamp as your heat source. Have two lamps on hand. Use one to allow the children to predict whether the lamp creates wind or not (see the discussion in step 2 of the activity below). Bring out a second lamp, on which you have mounted a revolving lamp shade, to demonstrate how the movement of warmed air spins the shade (in place of step 3).
- Construct a "kite" by first partially stretching out the paperclip.
- Hook the looped end of the paperclip onto one end of the dowel; it will be a tight fit!
- Puncture the aluminum foil with the straightened end of the paper clip to suspend it. The "kite" should be able to move freely to catch "wind" flowing from different angles up from the toaster.
- Set out copies of Winds Seen from Space.
- Provide an appropriate space where at least one toaster can be safely plugged into the wall. It may be necessary to tape down the cord or install a cord cover to prevent tripping.
- Arrange for an adult or older child to facilitate this station. The toaster used in this activity poses a fire hazard and the appliance will get hot. In addition, the aluminum foil is conductive, but plastic alternatives may melt and paper alternatives pose a fire hazard. Modify this station to serve as a demonstration, if desired. Please use proper caution!
1. Assess what the children know about winds on Earth.
- Do you often feel wind? Does the speed and direction of the wind change from day to day?
- What creates the winds on Earth? The children may have a variety of ideas, including mechanical sources, like fans or moving in a car, and natural sources, like falling rain dragging air along. Allow the children to offer and confront possible erroneous ideas, such as that cold temperatures, the Moon, trees, or clouds cause wind.
2. Explain that the children will model the natural source for winds on Earth using a toaster. They will use aluminum foil "kites" to detect the wind. Turn the toaster on so that it has time to heat up.
- Can a toaster create wind? Accept all answers.
Have the children write their predictions in their journals.
3. Invite the children to hold the dowel and suspend the"kite" over (10-15 inches) the top of the toaster. Take care to keep the "kite" from falling into the toaster! Ask the children to note the results in their journals.
- What happened? The "kite" started fluttering.
- What made the "kite" move? Air, warmed by the toaster, rose and pushed against it.
Explain that wind is simply air molecules in motion. The glowing coils in the toaster produced infrared radiation, heating the toaster. The heated metal then warmed the air in the toaster, making the air less dense and causing it to rise — creating wind.
Facilitator's Note: Jupiter's clouds shroud a very turbulent place. The immense pressure of the planet's bulk crushed the interior as it formed (and possibly because Jupiter continues to contract) and the resulting heat is still leaking from the planet. Jupiter is far from the Sun, so this internal heat plays a major role in its weather. (Jupiter radiates twice as much infrared energy as it receives from the Sun!) Its core temperature may be about 43,000ºF (24,000ºC) — hotter than the surface of the Sun.
This heat source is not unlike the toaster in this activity. Atmospheric gases boil up from the warm bottom layers to the cooler upper layers; temperatures are –261°F (–163°C) at the top of the atmosphere. This convection of the atmosphere creates powerful winds.
Earth's highest surface wind speed ever officially recorded is 231 miles (372 kilometers) per hour, while the strongest winds on Jupiter reach 330 miles (530 kilometers) per hour.
4. Apply the small-scale toaster model to the much larger scales of the Earth and Jupiter. Discuss how is wind is formed on these planets.
- What is the heat source on the Earth? The Sun's light.
- How does the Sun cause wind? The Sun's light heats Earth's surface, and that heat is passed to air touching the ground. The warm air becomes less dense and rises. As cold air moves in to replace the rising air, we feel wind.
- What is the term for this flow of warm air rising and cold air sinking? Convection.
- Unlike our toaster, the planets are in motion. How are they moving and what does that motion do to the gases in their atmospheres? The planets are spinning. This spins the atmosphere as well.
- Jupiter spins once every 10 hours (compared to Earth's 24–hour day). What does this mean for its atmosphere? Jupiter's rapid rotation creates super–strong winds, called jet streams, which give the planet its banded appearance.
Explain that Jupiter is far from the Sun, and it does not receive nearly as much sunlight as Earth. Jupiter is so large, though, that it has heat leftover from its formation (and possibly as it continues to fall in on itself). Spacecraft instruments can detect a signal of this heat — infrared energy — and measure that Jupiter emits twice as much infrared energy as it receives from the Sun.
5. Ask the children to compare the winds seen on Jupiter and Earth on the Winds Seen from Space poster.
- How many jet streams does Jupiter have? Five.
- Does Earth have any jet streams? Yes, two.
- How are they different? Jupiter's winds are much faster and the bands flow in alternating directions.
Facilitator's Note: Jupiter spins on its axis once every 10 hours. The rapidly spinning planet generates five jet streams in each hemisphere that produce Jupiter's unique banded appearance. Earth has only about four dynamic jet streams, two — sometimes three — in each hemisphere, which all travel from west to east.
Summarize that convection creates stormy weather on both Jupiter and Earth. The Juno mission will measure the temperature of Jupiter's atmosphere at different depths to better understand the heat that drives the winds.
- What kind of instrument do you think Juno could carry to do this? Thermometer.
Remind the children that since the Juno spacecraft will not enter Jupiter's atmosphere, it will take Jupiter's temperature from orbit and "see" more deeply than any instrument has before. Scientists want to better understand the atmosphere's temperature at different levels, how it has such strong winds deep inside, and how the gases are whipped into the bands we see across Jupiter's exterior.
Allow the children time to note their conclusions in their journals.


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- Home
- Government
- Boards & Commissions A - G
- Braintree Historical Commission (BHC)
- Local Historic District
Local Historic District
Historic districts present the strongest form of protection for the preservation of historic properties. Historic districts preserve the context of collections of buildings, they encourage interest in local history, and they limit the destruction of historical architectural contributions. According to the Massachusetts General Law Chapter 40C historic districts serve three principle purposes: 1) to preserve and protect distinctive characteristics of significant buildings and places, 2) to maintain and improve the setting of those buildings and places, and 3) to encourage new designs compatible with the existing district.
Old & Historic District
In the United States historic districts did not come about until the 1930s. In 1931 Charleston, South Carolina established an "Old and Historic District" within the city; the first of its kind in America. Some time later, in 1937, the Vieux Carre Commission was created in New Orleans to preserve the French Quarter of the city.
First Historic Districts
The first historic districts in Massachusetts were the Beacon Hill District and the Historic District of Nantucket, both established in 1955. It was in 1960 that Chapter 40C was established within the MA General Law. This allowed for municipalities to establish local historic districts without special approval of state legislature.
Creation of Historical Commission
In March of 1974 the Braintree Town Meeting voted into effect the creation of a Historical Commission for the Town. The vote set provisions for three members of the Commission, appointed by the Board of Selectmen. A year later, in 1975 it was voted during a Town Meeting that the membership of the Commission be increased to five. Finally, in 1980, a Town Meeting voted that the Town amend its by-laws to include Article XIIIA, the Historic District By-Law.
Braintree Town Center Historic District
This by-law established a historic district in Braintree, to be known as the Braintree Town Center Historic District. This District was to be located in the general vicinity of South Braintree Center. The initial goals of establishing such a district in Braintree were as such: "to promote educational, cultural, economic, and general welfare of the public through preservation and protection of the distinctive characteristics of buildings and places significant in the history of the Town of Braintree." The initial proposal for the Historic District included these 17 properties in South Braintree Center.
Planning & Community Development
Physical Address
1 John F. Kennedy Memorial Drive
Braintree, MA 02184
Phone: 781-794-8230Fax: 781-794-8089


text:
Make: Live ep07 is all about projects from the new MAKE v26, Karts & Wheels! Thanks to our guests Mark Frauenfelder, Jared Ficklin, Nick Raymond and Eric Chu. Catch up on video and notes from the show here.
Subscribe to the MAKE Podcast in iTunes, download Make: Live episode 07 in its entirety (m4v or Vimeo), or watch clips on YouTube. Also check out the chat room transcript!
Flame Tube – Jared Ficklin
See sound in fire! The flame tube project (aka Rubens' tube) uses a speaker at one end to influence the row of small propane jets along the tube, showing the waveforms of the audio. We had the project set up on the roof. Rubens' tube aficionado Jared Ficklin joins us via Skype from Austin, Texas.
Drill Kart – MAKE interns
In a visit to MAKE HQ in Sebastopol, CA, Becky gets a tour of the cordless drill-powered go-kart designed by Gever Tulley. Watch MAKE interns Nick Raymond and Eric Chu pull some sweet spin moves. It's really fun to drive!
Show notes:
- MAKE Volume 26: Karts & Wheels
- Bike Shop skill builder series all April long!
- Pocket Reflectors for Cycling – CRAFT Video
- NASA Make: Challenge
- Pinhole Egg Camera
- Meet the Makers videos
- New MAKE Video page
- Maker Shed deal: $5 off the GSR kit and the Pendulum Challenge kit with code MAKELIVE4 (valid through May 11th)
- Truth Meter project from MAKE v26
- Pinhole Egg Camera
- Giveaway prizes from Digi-Key: Weller soldering station, digital multimeter
Bonus! Maker Mailbag:
Maker Dino Segovis was inspired to create his own automatic ball launcher for his dog, Sophie. Want to show us your project? Upload a video or photos and send a link to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Next show:
Make: Live 08: Brewing
Wednesday May 11th, 9pm ET/6pm PT
Watch at makezine.com/live or on UStream
Please join us in the UStream chat or mark tweets with #makelive to interact live with the show.
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