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37 Nights | Australia
You will visit the following 18 places:
Tonga is a Polynesian kingdom of more than 170 islands, many uninhabited, most lined in white beaches and coral reefs and covered with tropical rainforest. Tonga became known as the Friendly Islands because of the congenial reception accorded to Captain James Cook on his first visit in 1773. He arrived at the time of the ʻinasi festival, the yearly donation of the First Fruits to the Tuʻi Tonga (the islands' paramount chief) and so received an invitation to the festivities. The island acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It is one of the few indigenous monarchies in the Pacific.
New Zealand
New Zealand is a country of marvellous and diverse natural beauty: jagged mountains, rolling pasture land, steep fiords, pristine trout-filled lakes, raging rivers, scenic beaches, and active volcanic zones. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses – that of the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Māui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamu – and numerous smaller islands. The country also often adds an adventure twist to nature: it's the original home of jet-boating through shallow gorges, and bungy jumping off anything high enough to give a thrill.
Fiji, a country in the South Pacific, is an archipelago of more than 300 islands. The country is a vibrant melting pot of cultures, where East Indian, Polynesian, Melanesia, Chinese and European converge to form a unique cultural medley. Featuring sun-drenched beaches, turquoise lagoons, swaying palm trees – Fiji supplies all the classic images of paradise!
Brisbane is the capital and most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland and the third most populous city in Australia. The city central business district stands on the original European settlement and is situated inside a bend of the Brisbane River, about 15 kilometres (9 miles) from its mouth at Moreton Bay. The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Great Dividing Range, sprawling across several of Australia's most populous local government areas (LGAs), most centrally the City of Brisbane, which is by far the most populous LGA in the nation. Its positive attitude and creative confidence makes Brisbane a genuine new-world city. Even though the city is rapidly developing and forward-thinking, it maintains a youthful enthusiasm and has what is arguably the most vibrant, laid back and friendliest atmosphere of any east-coast capital city. It is also an energetic river town on the way up, with an edgy arts scene, pumping nightlife, and great coffee and restaurants!
Townsville is a city on the north-eastern coast of Queensland, Australia. It is in the dry tropics region of Queensland, adjacent to the central section of the Great Barrier Reef. Townsville is Australia's largest urban centre north of the Sunshine Coast, with a 2015 population estimate of 180,333. Considered the unofficial capital of North Queensland by locals, Townsville hosts a significant number of governmental, community and major business administrative offices for the northern half of the state. Popular attractions include "The Strand", a long tropical beach and garden strip; Riverway, a riverfront parkland attraction located on the banks of Ross River; Reef HQ, a large tropical aquarium holding many of the Great Barrier Reef's native flora and fauna; the Museum of Tropical Queensland, built around a display of relics from the sunken British warship HMS Pandora; Castle Hill, the most prominent landmark of the area and a popular fitness destination; The Townsville Sports Reserve; and Magnetic Island, a large neighbouring island, the vast majority of which is national park.
Nouméa is the capital city of the French special collectivity of New Caledonia. It is situated on a peninsula in the south of New Caledonia's main island, Grande Terre, and is home to the majority of the island's European, Polynesian (Wallisians, Futunians, Tahitians), Indonesian, and Vietnamese populations, as well as many Melanesians, Ni-Vanuatu and Kanaks that work in one of the South Pacific's most industrialised cities. The city lies on a protected deepwater harbour which serves as the chief port for New Caledonia. Located on the main island, Grand Terre, it's known for its beaches and its blend of French and native Kanak influences.
Nadi is a city on Fiji's main island. This bustling multi-cultural town is the main hub for international travellers and has a higher concentration of hotels and motels than any other part of Fiji. With its wide range of quality accommodation and close proximity to Denarau Island and the Mamanucas, Nadi is the ideal place to base yourself during your trip!
Suva is a major city, the capital and largest city of Fiji. It is located on the southeast coast of the island of Viti Levu, in the Central Division, Rewa Province, of which it is the administrative centre. It is the commercial and political centre of Fiji, though not necessarily the cultural centre, and the largest urban area in the South Pacific outside of Australia and New Zealand. It is Fiji's main port city. It's colorful, lively Municipal Market offers a vast range of local fruit and vegetables.
Sydney is the largest and most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. The city is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. It is also the oldest and most cosmopolitan city in Australia with an enviable reputation as one of the world's most beautiful and liveable cities. Brimming with history, nature, culture, art, fashion, cuisine, design, Sydney's set next to miles of ocean coastline and sandy surf beaches. Long-term immigration has led to the cities reputation as one of the most culturally and ethnically diverse cities in Australia and the world. The city is also home to the Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge, two of the most iconic structures on this planet.
Cairns is a regional city in Far North Queensland, Australia. The city was named after William Wellington Cairns. It was formed to serve miners heading for the Hodgkinson River goldfield, but experienced a decline when an easier route was discovered from Port Douglas. It later developed into a railhead and major port for exporting sugar cane, gold and other metals, minerals and agricultural products from surrounding coastal areas and the Atherton Tableland region. Cairns is a popular travel destination for tourists because of its tropical climate and access to the Great Barrier Reef, one of the seven natural wonders of the world.
The Auckland metropolitan area in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country with 1,354,900 residents, 31 percent of the country's population. Auckland also has the largest Polynesian population of any city in the world. In Māori Auckland's name is Tāmaki Makaurau, or the transliterated version of Auckland, Ākarana. The 2010 Mercer Quality of Living Survey ranked Auckland 4th equal place in the world on its list, while The Economist's World's Most Livable Cities index of 2010 ranked Auckland in 10th place. In 2008, Auckland was classified as an Alpha World City in the World Cities Study Group's inventory by Loughborough University.
Urupukapuka Island
Urupukapuka Island is the largest island in the Bay of Islands of New Zealand, located about 7.3 km from Paihia. There are many sandy beaches. The waters around the island are clear and diving is particularly good on the east coast where there is plentiful reef life. Indico and Paradise Bays are popular sheltered anchorages and ideal for most forms of water sports. The bays are also inhabited by a colony of shags, and pohutukawas are abundant along the coastline.


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What are AEDs?
AED is the acronym used for an Automated External Defibrillator. This device is about the size of a standard laptop computer, and is used to help save lives of victims of cardiac arrest. When used, the device automatically analyzes the heart rhythm of a victim and decides whether an electric shock is necessary and how much of a charge should be used. (The evaluation done by the device is more accurate than a person interpreting the rhythm and determining the charge.) The device will then prompt the rescuer to press a button to deliver the shock (defibrillation). If the first shock fails to restore the patient's heartbeat, the machine will repeat the procedure. The delivery of the shock is designed to bring the heart into an effective rhythm and save the person's life.
Where should AEDs be available and who can use them?
You've probably heard about the introduction of AEDs on airplanes and in all federal buildings. The American Heart Association's new guidelines recommend that AEDs be placed where there is a reasonable probability of one sudden cardiac arrest occurring every five years. Currently, AEDs are not recommended for use with victims eight years or younger (or under 80 lbs.), since this population rarely suffers from cardiac arrest. (The American Heart Association states that sudden cardiac death in people less than twenty-one-years-old is one-tenth as common as in adults, occurring in only 1 to 2 per 100,000 children per year.)
EMTs are trained and permitted under practice laws to use AEDs. Most states allow AED use by first responders, such as police and firefighters. The growing trend in most states is to allow properly trained lay rescuers to use AEDs. The American Red Cross, The American Heart Association, and the National Safety Council offer courses in Adult CPR and the proper use of AEDs.
Currently, the cost of an AED is approximately $3,000, plus the cost of appropriate training and supervision of anyone designated to use it. However, when you weigh this against its possible benefits, price loses some of its sting. Nationwide, the survival rate of sudden cardiac arrest is only about 5 percent. According to the American Heart Association, early CPR and rapid defibrillation combined with early advanced care can result in long-term survival rates as high as 40 percent for witnessed ventricular fibrillation. Typically, a heart attack victim's chances of survival drop by 10 percent for every minute of delay in applying a defibrillator.
Should you have AEDs at your camp?
At this point, there are no laws or legal precedents requiring that camps have AEDs, and ACA standards don't require their presence at camp. However, it is possible that this situation will change as AEDs become more widely used and public expectation for availability increases. Whether or not you choose not to invest in them now, plan to re-evaluate this decision again in the future as further information becomes available. To make your decision about an AED purchase, consider the following questions about your camp:
- Location. Would having an AED on site provide the lifesaving shock more quickly than calling EMS? (Three to four minutes response time is ideal.) The more remote your camp, the more likely it is that you may consider investing in AED technology and training.
- Clientele. Does your camp serve mostly children, or do you have staff or adult guests, who may be in a higher risk category for cardiac arrest, on your property often? (Think about your entire operating season.)
A few more points to consider . . .
If you do choose to invest in an AED and have a properly trained person on staff, you will need to decide where to store the device. Since time is of the essence, it's best to have the device centrally located. This location may change seasonally if your camp's activities or focus moves from decentralized programming in the summer months to a more centralized adult retreat situation during other times.
If your camp is in a community with close neighbors, you may consider some "partnering" and sharing the use of an AED and trained personnel. For example, if you choose to purchase one or more of the devices, notify your local EMS of its availability, and your willingness to extend a helping hand in an emergency. Conversely, maybe a neighboring business already has an AED on site, and would be willing to make it (and their trained staff) available to you if the need arises. This kind of partnership could bring the next level of care a little closer to someone in need, and can also help strengthen some community relationships with possibly sharing costs.
Finally, talk to your camp's medical director/advisor. He/she can help you make an informed decision about whether your camp should have an AED on site, who should be trained to use it, and what the procedures will be for fitting the use of the AED into your current emergency response protocol.
Originally published in the 2001 Spring issue of The CampLine.

subset: commoncrawl


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A promised infusion of cash to help Veterans Affairs Canada address a massive backlog of requests for services from thousands of wounded warriors has sparked mixed reactions — with some fearing it won't be nearly enough.
The new money, included in this week's federal budget, amounts to $42 million over two years and is specifically earmarked to speed up the delivery of services to disabled veterans.
RELATED: Liberals champion their values in 2018 budget aimed at long-term vision
The one-time injection of additional funds follows revelations that Veterans Affairs Canada had a backlog of 29,000 applications for disability benefits at the end of November — a nearly 50 per cent increase over the previous eight months.
Nearly one-third of those applications had been in the queue for more than 16 weeks, which was also an increase since the spring and the latest in a long line of indications that wait times for services have continued to grow.
The government says the new funds will be used to hire a yet-to-be-determined number of extra staff at Veterans Affairs, which reports having seen a 60 per cent increase in the number of requests for disability benefits in the past three years.
Veterans Affairs Minister Seamus O'Regan said he has heard first-hand from former Forces members about the impacts the growing wait times have had on their lives, and that the government knows it has to do better.
"We just did five town halls in two days in New Brunswick, and that's when you see the face of backlog," he told The Canadian Press in an interview.
"You have a veteran at a microphone who's waited Lord knows how many months, and what do you do? You just stand there and go: 'We're trying.' And that's not good enough."
But the union representing Veterans Affairs workers says that while the money will certainly help fix some of the problems facing the department, more will be needed to undo years of Conservative-era cuts — and to address future demand.
"The reality is that we were in a hole, and we're still in a hole right now," said Carl Gannon, national director of the Union of Veterans Employees.
"And to repair what needs to be repaired, it's going to take some money. It's not going to take one-time money. It's going to take sustained money over a very long period of time to stabilize the department. So is it enough? No, I don't think it's enough."
RELATED: Canadian veterans fight to reinstate lifelong pensions
NDP veterans affairs critic Gord Johns said he has pressed the government on how it came up with the $42-million figure and why the funds are only earmarked for two years, but that it hasn't offered any answers.
"When it's only for two years, they're not talking about replacing staff on a permanent basis," Johns said. "And the government needs to show an ongoing commitment to veterans with long-term funding and long-term stable resources and services."
Veterans Affairs was forced to lay off 1,000 employees — about a quarter of its staff — between 2012 and 2014 when the Harper government slashed government spending to balance the budget in advance of the last federal election.
About half that number have since been hired back, Gannon said, but many more are needed to address what has been a steady growth in demand for services and to implement the Liberals' new pension-for-life for disabled veterans.
While the government has said it has set aside separate money to specifically prepare for the pension-for-life measures, which is scheduled to come into effect next year, Gannon was nonetheless worried that it will exacerbate the existing problems.
"It's going to stress a system that's already stressed to the max," he said of the pension-for-life plan. "So right now, it's imperative that we repair the system before we start really trying to roll out anything."
O'Regan left the door open to adding more funds in the future as he acknowledged that the government has to stay ahead of demand for services, which will soon include offering disabled veterans what the Liberals are calling a pension for life.
"If we don't keep up with it, we're not going to be getting better at this," he said. "We are improving front-line services, but we have to keep ahead of it."
— Follow @leeberthiaume on Twitter.
Lee Berthiaume, The Canadian Press


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Saturdays, 11:00AM - Noon
Radiolab explores big ideas in science (and beyond) through conversation, storytelling and sound. Radiolab is an investigation. Each episode is a patchwork of people, sounds, stories and experiences centered around One Big Idea. On Radiolab, science bumps into culture...information sounds like music. Radiolab is designed for listeners who demand skepticism but appreciate wonder, who are curious about the world but who also want to be moved and surprised. Radio lab is produced at WNYC and distributed by NPR.


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The City of Aspen is working diligently to protect the community's character, aesthetics, and values to every extent possible within the federal guidelines.
Aspen does have some control over the design and location of the small cell infrastructure. For instance, what the poles look like or how far apart they can be. Aspen recently amended its Land Use Code to respond to changing state and federal regulations regarding small cell infrastructure. This code amendment also adopted design guidelines that are applicable to small cell facilities. Aspen is currently in the process of creating more detailed and comprehensive design guidelines with consultant HRGreen with the goal of protecting Aspen's character and unique identity while delivering small cell technology according to state and federal law to residents, guests, visitors, businesses, and emergency services.
Aspen is proactively developing standards that address aesthetics and spacing requirements for small cell installation in the public right-of-way while also complying with state and federal law. By law, small cell facilities are allowed in the public right-of-way just like other utilities.
Show All Answers
No. Small cell facilities are allowed in the public right of way per federal and state laws, just like other utilities. The City of Aspen has developed a permitting system to ensure that small cell facilities are placed in a way that minimizes their impacts within the areas that the city is allowed to regulate.
Small cell facilities are low-powered antennas that provide cellular and data coverage to smaller geographic areas, supplementing the larger cellular network and improving service for wireless customers. They are installed and operated by private companies.
Small cell equipment will initially meet current 4G (LTE) voice and data demands, but city staff understands it may be modified with future 5G higher-speed equipment as technology changes.
Research shows that mobile data traffic in North America has grown significantly, and is projected to continue increasing at a rapid rate with the proliferation of mobile devices. Wireless companies have indicated that existing infrastructure is becoming congested and cannot continue to meet the demands of their customers.
Wireless carrier companies have indicated that until recently, wireless phone service in general has been managed using large antennas mounted on towers located on both public and private property. Those antennas serve relatively large areas, or "cells" that may include several miles. According to wireless carriers, existing cell sites are already becoming congested, and installing more cell towers covering large areas will not keep up with projected demand for high speed wireless data. To meet demands for wireless data, carriers have begun using new lower-powered antenna technology to "offload" data traffic from the larger cell towers. Each of these smaller antennas serves a much smaller area (1-2 blocks) but with much higher data volumes. This type of wireless infrastructure is referred to as "small cell."
The city has developed regulations to provide for architectural compatibility of small cell facilities, including using the same colors for poles as others in the area, camouflaging equipment where possible, and prohibiting ground-mounted cabinets.
Generally, existing poles do not have the structural capacity to handle the weight of the small cell equipment. The size of existing poles also does not allow for the camouflaging of the equipment within the pole so additional cabinets would be strapped to the pole. The City's current regulations provide incentives for the industry to replace existing poles with new ones that can meet both the small cell and other needs.
While the City of Aspen is not a public health agency, City staff track information provided by other agencies and organizations, such as the Federal Communications Commission and Occupational Safety and Health Administration. These resources may be helpful to people who wish to understand more about public health in relation to radio frequency (RF) radiation.
The industry's intent for deploying small cell facilities is to improve their reliability and coverage. Each site is usually connected to a specific provider.
Small Cell infrastructure is regulated under both state and federal law. Colorado state law was amended in 2017 by House Bill 1193 to create a use-by-right for small cell facilities in any zone district and shortens the time frame within which the City must act on an application for a small cell facility to 60 or 90 days. It also gives providers the right to locate or collocate small cell facilities on a City's lights poles, traffic signals, and similar infrastructure in the City's rights-of-way.
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has numerous regulations that local governments must follow, leaving very little room for municipalities like Aspen to regulate the wireless carriers on where they install the technology, how dense the small towers are, and how long Aspen has to respond to an application for installation. Federal Communications Commission rules allow for very dense deployment of the technology in municipal rights-of-way anywhere in the United States.
In 2018, the FCC removed regulatory barriers that would have allowed local governments more control over the deployment of necessary small cell infrastructure. The ruling is entitled: Accelerating Wireless Broadband Deployment by Removing Barriers to Infrastructure Investment. The ruling is currently facing legal challenges by several local governments.
The FCC's most recent ruling and order regarding small cell infrastructure became effective on January 14, 2019. Among other things, the ruling imposes new "shot clocks" for the processing of small cell applications. For new standalone facilities, a city has 90 days to process the application. For facilities located on city infrastructure, a city has 60 days. The ruling and order limit the permit fees municipalities can charge providers. The new FCC ruling also clarifies that municipalities are prohibited from adopting regulations that "materially inhibit" a particular small wireless facility deployment. Finally, the ruling establishes that aesthetic standards adopted by local governments applicable to small cells must be objective and reasonable, no more burdensome than those applied to other types of infrastructure deployments, and published in advance. A link to the full declaratory ruling, report, and order can be found here.
The Community Development, Utilities, Engineering, Attorney, Environmental Health, Information Technology, City Manager, and Communications Departments are all aligned and working as a team to respond to the FCC guidelines while protecting the community's character. The integration of small cell technology requires the implementation and reliance on land use codes, right-of-way permits, utility lines, historic preservation, fiber network, cybersecurity, electric service, streetlight infrastructure, legal agreements, and communication and outreach.
Small cells provide coverage and capacity, meaning how far the mobile signal reaches and how much connectivity you have on your mobile device. Small cells may provide faster downloads as smart phones and other wireless devices have a connection to the network that can handle massive amounts of data at higher speeds. In a place like Aspen where mountains can get in the way of phone service, the mobile networks may be more reliable. Small cells are a particular benefit for emergency services, which can integrate new technologies like Next Generation 911 and early warning systems for natural disasters as well as have more reliable and faster service around Aspen.
The FCC regulations expressly prohibit local governments from regulating small cells "on the basis of the environmental effects of radiofrequency emissions". See 47 USC 332(c)(7)(B)(iv). Additional resources:
The City of Aspen's Land Use Code requires the wireless carriers to comply with all federal regulations regarding radiofrequency emissions.
Yes, the City has received interest from carriers about small cell installation.


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Visit the Library for More Information: Alaska's libraries hold audio, visual, and written material about the Serum Run of 1925, Leonhard Seppala, and the famous dogs. Visit your local library or go online to see what's available in holdings all over the state. Take these simple steps:
More Reading:
Coppock, Mike. "The Race to Save Nome." American History Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 3, Aug. 2006. Leesburg, VA: Weider History Group.
Darling, Esther Birdsall. The Great Dog Races of Nome Held under the Auspices of the Nome Kennel Club, Nome, Alaska: Official Souvenir History. Nome, Alaska: Nome Kennel Club, 1916.
Salisbury, Gay and Laney Salisbury. The Cruelest Miles: The Heroic Story of Dogs and Men in a Race against an Epidemic. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2005.
Seppala, Leonhard and Elizabeth Miller Ricker. Seppala, Alaskan Dog Driver. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1930.
Thompson, Raymond. Seppala's Saga of the Sled Dog. Lynnwood, Wash.: R. Thompson, 1970-1979? For Juvenile Readers:
Blake, Robert J. Togo. New York: Philomel, 2002.
Kimmel, Elizabeth Cody and Nora Koerber. Balto and the Great Race. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2005.
Miller, Debbie S. and Jon Van Zyle. The Great Serum Run: Blazing the Iditarod Trail. New York: Walker & Company, 2002
Standiford, Natalie. Bravest Dog Ever: The True Story of Balto. New York: Random House, 1989. Video/Film:
Seppala dog yard, 1947-1952 http://vilda.alaska.edu/cdmg11/image/2834.mov A 49-second film clip, in color and silent, of Leonhard Seppala's dog yard in Chatanika. The man in the clip might be Seppala himself. Leonhard Seppala Film Collection, Alaska Film Archives, University of Alaska Fairbanks. The Serum Race to Nome, Larry Beck and Tom Highes, 1985. VHS (30 min). Anchorage, Alaska: Alaska Heritage Review. Larry Beck narrates the story of the dog mushing relay race to Nome with serum for the diphtheria epidemic. Audio:
Salisbury, Gay and Laney Salisbury. The Cruelest Miles: The Heroic Story of Dogs and Men in a Race against an Epidemic. Read by Barrett Whitener. Seven sound cassettes. Santa Ana, Calif.: Books on Tape, 2003. Archival Material:
Bachelder-Williams family photograph collection, Robert P. Williams; Alfred G. Simmer, 1900-1925. Alaska State Library. This collection includes views of the Bachelders and their friends, mining activities in the Nome area, Nome community activities, and scenics. Other photographers represented in the collection include Lomen Bros., A.G. Simmer, B.B. Dobbs, Goetz, and K.O. Butler. Bio/History: J.A. Bachelder moved from Brainerd, MN to Nome in 1907, where he worked as cashier, and later as assistant manager, for the Nome Bank and Trust Co. His wife, Dell Reilly Bachelder, and two-to-three-month old daughter, Marian Agnes, joined him in January 1908. Many of their friends in Nome were those who helped to shape Alaska: Jafet Lindeberg, Leonhard Seppala, Alaska legislator, Charles D. Jones, and the Lomen family. In October 1909, the family went back to Brainerd, Minnesota. However, they returned to Nome late in 1911, and J.A. Bachelder went to work as cashier for Miners & Merchants Bank and also as assistant secretary of the Blue Goose Mining Co. In late 1921, the family left Alaska. Marion Bachelder married Robert P. Williams.
Lomen Brothers photograph collection, 1903-1920. Alaska State Library. The Lomen Brothers collection, a major source of Alaskan history, covers northern Alaskan people and activities, including sled dogs and racing, Arctic explorers, Eskimo portraits, Eskimo hunters, Eskimo traditional activities, beach mining activities, Nome activities and businesses, reindeer and the reindeer industry, and views of various Alaska towns.
William Allen Moore photograph collection, 1915-1919. Alaska State Library. Most of the photographs in this collection were taken by Moore while he was stationed at the Fort Davis Army Post from 1915-1919, as a private in D Co., 14th Infantry. The images record the daily life of the soldiers, including their barracks and living areas, and people from Nome, Eskimos, primitive settlements, wildlife, ships and nature. Includes 21 views taken by Lomen Brothers.
Dr. Daniel S. Neuman photograph collection, 1911-1920. Alaska State Library. The collection portrays life in Nome, Alaska, during the early 1900's, including images of the sled dog races which began there. Original photographs from the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918, identify Northwest Territory Inuit from Coronation Gulf, Cape Bathurst, Dolphin and Union Straits, and Bernard Harbor.


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UD-3 caps year with budget surplus
MIDDLEBURY — Having become so used to paring school budgets in recent years, UD-3 school board members got some unexpectedly good financial news last week with word that the district had ended fiscal year 2009 in the black to the tune of $512,189.
The Addison Central Supervisory Union (ACSU) Superintendent Lee Sease said the fund balance can be traced to two sources.
First, expenditures from the UD-3 budget (which covers Middlebury Union High School and Middlebury Union Middle School) ended up being $223,711 less than anticipated. Sease explained that MUHS and MUMS administrators joined forces in their fiscal year 2009 budget planning, with the high school taking particular pains to pare back in order to backfill what had been anticipated to be a substantial shortfall in the middle school spending plan.
It was a $15.5 million budget that reflected elimination of the living arts program ($88,000) at MUMS, along with reduced summer custodial hours ($4,200); decreased summer curriculum work ($5,000); a reduced furniture budget (by $2,000); and a $5,000 cut in computer-related spending.
"The deficit at the middle school was not as severe as we thought," Sease said of how the ledger read at the end of the year. "As it turned out, the high school over-compensated."
The second "windfall" that helped created the fund balance was what Sease called "the unanticipated revenue" of $280,535 in state aid for an elevator project completed at MUHS during the prior year. Given the state's current economic woes, Sease said the district never expected the elevator project aid to come in as quickly as it did.
"You never know when (state aid for construction) is going to come," Sease said. "It could have been three years."
District officials stressed that the $512,189 fund balance can't be spent by the district without taxpayers' permission.
"The money is sitting there right now and it belongs to the taxpayers," Sease said.
That means, according to Sease, the money will be used to reduce school taxes in an upcoming budget year, unless:
• District voters opt to set the money aside in a special reserve fund that they could choose to tap for future education purposes.
• District officials recommend spending some or all of the money on specific projects that would have to be endorsed by voters.


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Nationwide Continues Buy Strategy, Adding Detica NetReveal for Fraud
With insurers desiring to take advantage of "big data" and analytics to reduce the amount of money lost to claims fraud, industry observers have debated the relative merits of buy vs. build for that kind of software this year.
Nationwide has not been shy, despite its size, to buy packages for its IT needs, recently selecting Guidewire's insurance suite for its core systems. It has come down on the buy side of this issue as well, selecting Detica's NetReveal claims fraud detection software
"Historically challenged to effectively contain fraud and leverage growing amounts of data from multiple systems, insurers of all sizes are deploying sophisticated analytics solutions such as Detica NetReveal to help identify potential fraud. This allows them to allocate and prioritize valuable resources where most needed. These solutions are proving very effective at identifying fraud, which further benefits carriers and their policyholders," commented Aite Group senior P&C analyst Stephen Applebaum.
Other tier-one Detica clients include AXA and Zurich.
Nathan Golia is senior editor of Insurance & Technology. He joined the publication in 2010 as associate editor and covers all aspects of the nexus between insurance and information technology, including mobility, distribution, core systems, customer interaction, and risk ... View Full Bio


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Source: The Washington Post
Frogs, toads and salamanders continue to vanish from the American landscape at an alarming pace, with seven species – including Colorado's boreal toad and Nevada's yellow-legged frog – facing 50 percent drops in their numbers within seven years if the current rate of decline continues, according to new government research.
The U.S. Geological Survey study, released Wednesday, is the first to document how quickly amphibians are disappearing, as well as how low the populations of the threatened species could go, given current trends.
The exact reasons for the decline in amphibians, first noticed decades ago, remain unclear. But scientists believe several factors, including disease, an explosion of invasive species, climate change and pesticide use are contributing.
The study said the populations of seven species of threatened frogs, including the boreal toad and the yellow-legged frog, are decreasing at a rate of 11.6 percent a year.
More than 40 species of frogs, such as the Fowler's toad and spring peepers, are declining at a rate of 2.7 percent. If that pace keeps up, their populations will be halved in 27 years, the study said.
"We knew they were declining and we didn't know how fast," said Michael J. Adams, a research ecologist for USGS and the lead author of the study, Trends in Amphibian Occupancy in the United States, published in the journal PLOS ONE. "It's a loss of biodiversity. You lose them and you can't get them back. That seems like a problem."
The disappearance of amphibians is a global phenomenon. But in the United States, it adds to a disturbing trend of mass vanishings that include honeybees and numerous species of bats along Atlantic states and the Midwest.
Bees, which also are disappearing in Europe, serve nature and farmers by pollinating a wide range of plants and food crops. Bats, which have died by the millions from a disease called white nose syndrome, also are pollinators but, along with amphibians, eat many metric tons of insects each year, allowing farmers to cut back on insecticides.
Frogs and their like are much more than slimy animals that come alive in the dark and croak; they are deeply woven into the lives of humans. The offspring of frogs and toads, tadpoles, are the first organisms children watch in school as the creatures develop arms and legs. Adult amphibians are routinely dissected by many of those same children as they go through school.
Scientists have produced pharmaceutical drugs from chemicals found in the skin of frogs and toads, and large numbers of amphibians are collected for medical research.
For the USGS study, researchers pored over data collected at 34 watery and swampy areas from Sierra Nevada mountains to Louisiana and Florida over nine years. They traveled to sites and counted clusters of nearly 50 amphibian species, marking their decline year after year for nearly a decade.
Researchers carried a list of species – some thought to be faring well, others to be strugglng – compiled by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, which seeks solutions to environmental challenges. The data were studied by USGS' Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative.
The loss of amphibians is occurring even in areas where animals are protected, in national parks and wildlife refuges, the study said.
The disappearance of frogs, toads and salamanders first got attention in 1989 when "my colleagues and I began reporting that in familiar amphibian haunts the numbers of frogs and salamanders were declining," biologist James Collins wrote in an article for Natural History Magazine nine years ago.
"By the mid-1990s we were hearing reports that species were going extinct in only a few years," he wrote. So "the search for the answer to our question – why are they gone? – was becoming paramount."
It was hard to answer the question at the time "because there was very little monitoring going on," said Adams, the author of the new study. "We were trying to convince ourselves there was really something going on with amphibians that wasn't happening with other species, the disappearance of frogs around the world."
The new research is the first to document the steepness of the decline. But others sought to answer why years ago.
A study of Minnesota's northern leopard frog fingered farm chemicals as a contributor to its decline, according to the journal Nature. After studying more than 200 factors that led to infection, two stood out, a synopsis of the report said, an herbicide called atrazine and phosphate, a fertilizer.
Whatever the reason, the declines have led at least one activist group to call for an end to another practice that contributes to the mortality of frogs: dissections. Save the Frogs set an unlikely goal to get dissections out of every school by 2014.
"They are contributing to the depletion of wild frog populations and the spread of harmful invasive species and infectious diseases," the group says.


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The statutes that passed into law under Charles I and Charles II, including the legislation of the Long and Short Parliaments before the Interregnum, and of the Restoration after.
Statutes of the Realm. Originally published by Great Britain Record Commission, s.l, 1819.
This free content was digitised by double rekeying. All rights reserved.


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This Day in Labor History: November 19, 1915
On November 19, 1915, the state of Utah executed I.W.W. organizer Joe Hill for a murder he almost certainly did not commit. But he was an Wobbly and dispensable to society, especially in Utah, a starkly conservative western state outraged by the sheer existence of these radicals.
In 1914, a grocer named John Morrison was shot and killed in a Salt Lake robbery. The same night, Joe Hill went to the hospital with a gunshot wound. He refused to explain anything about why he was shot. Figuring they could easily dispose of both cases, the police pinned Morrison's death on Hill and charged him with murder. It now seems that Hill was shot by a rival for a woman named Hilda Erickson who was a member of the family who rented Hill a room. Erickson confirmed her relationship with both men in a recently discovered letter. Out of honor, he refused to reveal anything about his injuries, even at the point of death.
Joe Hill was born Joel Hagglund in Sweden, immigrating to the United States in 1902 at the age of 23. This was a common fate for many young Scandinavian men during these years. Hill went to the West Coast. Like most committed Wobblies in the West, Hill drifted from job to job. We first know he was a member of the IWW when he wrote a letter to the Industrial Worker in 1910, identifying himself as working in Portland. By 1912, Hill was in San Diego where he participated in that city's free speech fight. He flirted with the idea of going to Mexico to fight in the Mexican Revolution, but never did. He bemoaned the introduction of voting machines in California as a hopelessly bourgeoisie reform that would never change anything. In 1913, he moved to Utah, where he worked in copper mining and construction, agitating for revolution among his fellow workers and probably participating in two IWW strikes in Salt Lake that year. During these years, he composed many of the songs that became part of the IWW songbooks used to build solidarity among members and against the horrible conditions they faced in their lives.
By the time Hill was arrested in 1914, the Western forces of order saw the IWW as Enemy Number 1. The West was the Wobbly bread and butter. They had organized heavily in the region's mining, timber, and agricultural camps and had engaged in free speech fights in cities across the West. Because they organized the region's most despised workers with no apologies and no compromise, the forces of order–police, courts, politicians, newspapers, and business operators–saw them as scum to be eradicated. The sheer fact that Joe Hill was a Wobbly was enough to charge him with murder.
The Wobblies were excellent propagandists. Because they organized desperate workers with a flair for public attention and because those stories appealed to people interested in labor to the present, we remember certain highlights–Lawrence, Paterson, Joe Hill. But in my research in IWW newspapers, what I've seen is very little coverage of many of those events at the time. Lawrence was a small-fry thing in Wobbly news organs until the cops started beating women. Similarly, although we remember Joe Hill as the ultimate Wobbly today, it took awhile for the story of his arrest and trial to get the organization's attention. There was little interest in his plight during the trial. The local press trumped up the charges, the trial was a farce in which Hill lacked legal counsel, police never found a gun. None of this mattered. Hill was convicted on June 26, 1914 and given the death sentence on July 8.
It was only at this point that Hill's case came to the attention of the IWW. But when the Wobbly propagandists got their teeth into something, they did not let go. Very quickly the case became a national and international phenomenon. Not only did he become the latest class martyr for the IWW, but progressives and reformers saw his trial as a farce of justice. The Swedish Ambassador got involved in the case and asked President Woodrow Wilson to intercede. Wilson appealed to Utah Governor William Spry for clemency. Spry was not as rock-ribbed conservative as one might assume. Although a Mormon, he was a strong opponent of prohibition. But he would do nothing for Hill.
Hill was a true revolutionary though. He thought most "reform" efforts ridiculous distractions from the real task at hand. Hill saw himself of more value to the revolution as a dead martyr than a living organizer. Like John Brown before him, Hill played this role until the end. He wrote, with some false modesty, to Elizabeth Gurley Flynn bemoaning the amount of resources spent on someone as insignificant as himself. And there's there's his famous last telegram, send to Big Bill Haywood reading, "Good-bye Bill. I will die like a true blue rebel. Don't waste any time in mourning. Organize."
He even wrote his last will to be sung:
My will is easy to decide,
For there is nothing to divide.
My kin don't need to fuss and moan,
"Moss does not cling to a rolling stone."My body? Oh, if I could choose
I would to ashes it reduce,
And let the merry breezes blow,
My dust to where some flowers grow.Perhaps some fading flower then
Would come to life and bloom again.
This is my Last and final Will.
Good Luck to All of you,
Joe Hill
In some ways, Hill was right. He was more valuable as a martyr. Hill became the embodiment of IWW martyrdom; hardly the only person to give up his life to state violence and Wobbly repression, Hill's self-image of martyrdom made him the person other Wobblies looked to for a model of strength and virtue, even as some pointed out his trial did not result from any workplace action. He also became the most famous Wobbly in public memory, perhaps even more than Big Bill Haywood. Had he lived, no one would know who he was. He was just another miner, another working-class person of the early 20th century American West who saw no hope in capitalism and longed for a more just system.
This is the 44th post in this series. The others are digested here.


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Recently, while watching a video of Judge Andrew Napolitano commenting on revelations that Bush and his administration knew about and authorized "enhanced interrogation techniques" (ie, torture) by the CIA, I started thinking – as usual – about how all this fits in under the Constitution.
First of all, watch the video, it's pretty interesting stuff:
Whether you agree with the use of torture or "enhanced interrogation techniques" or not (I strongly oppose them), is not the issue. The important point is whether or not our elected officials are following the rules that govern their behavior. It seems to be quite clear, as Napolitano put it, that if Mr Bush violated the law, he should be prosecuted.
I think the Judge makes some solid points here. The United States is supposedly a nation of laws, and those who break that law should be held accountable. And, what's the "supreme law" of the land? Well, the Constitution, of course!
By denying those people held at places like Guantanamo and elsewhere the privilege of habeas corpus (to challenge their detention in court), and by effectively locking people up permanently without charge or recourse, a culture of torture was easy to create. In my humble opinion, the root cause of all these issues was the suspension of habeas corpus in the first place.
Doing so was a direct violation of the Constitution.
Here's how I explained it in an article from 2007:
- As enshrined in the 10th Amendment, the federal government operates under the principle of positive grant – meaning that it can only exercise delegated powers listed in the constitution.
- According to the Constitution, the only reference to limiting habeas corpus is €œin cases of rebellion or invasion€
Since the qualifiers for suspension do not exist, the federal government cannot restrict, limit, or eliminate habeas corpus for anyone. Period.
And, in a follow-up article, I discussed issues of US jurisdiction:
While it's correct that the US Government doesn't have global jurisdiction it often acts that way. People are held outside of US jurisdiction, and the claim is that outside of it, the government doesn't need to follow the Constitution. But – while claiming exemption from the law due to lack of jurisdiction, the government still exercises jurisdictional authority by imprisoning these people in the first place.
In short, the government exercises jurisdictional power while, at the same time, claiming an exemption due to lack of jurisdiction. As always, wanting it both ways.
More importantly, though, the Constitution doesn't mention any location or jurisdiction. It doesn't apply to foreigners. In fact, it doesn't apply to people at all!
It applies to the Federal Government – only.
Clearly, this wasn't a popular position with the right in 2007, and I received the usual attacks of being a "liberal." But, supporting a violation of the Constitution because you agree with the politician in power is not a good choice.
Why? Because you've just given the opposition that same power. To those of you who supported expansions of federal power while Bush was in office – are you happy now that Obama is in charge with all that new power?
Torture, restricting habeas corpus, terrorist/DHS watch lists, free speech zones, and more…The Constitution isn't partisan. It's something to be followed no matter who's in power, and no matter what they're trying to scare you with.
Thomas Jefferson may have put it best:
"I never submitted the whole system of my opinions to the creed of any party of men whatever, in religion, in philosophy, in politics or in anything else, where I was capable of thinking for myself. Such an addiction is the last degradation of a free and moral agent. If I could not go to Heaven but with a party, I would not go there at all."
By the way, Judge Napolitano's new book Dred Scott's Revenge, which covers much of the awful legal history of racism in America, is an amazing read.
- Constitution 101: Supremacy Clause - January 29, 2024
- Benjamin Franklin's Finest: Top Views from the "First American" - January 17, 2024
- Breaking Free from the Monster State: 5 Essential Principles - January 15, 2024


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