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Guide to the Application of Genotyping to Tuberculosis Prevention and Control
Developing a Tuberculosis Genotyping Program
Initial Decisions
Clarifying Activities and Assigning Responsibilities
A TB genotyping program plan will involve many persons from many organizations working together. It will be helpful if activities and responsibilities are clarified at the beginning. Table 5.2 lists some key activities and provides suggestions about which groups may be responsible for each activity.
Table 5.2. Suggested activities and responsibilities for TB genotyping programs.
Activities | Responsibility |
Establishing a TB Genotyping Program Plan | Usually, this will be done by the state/large city TB program. In unusual circumstances, and with prior approval of the state TB program, a city that does not have a cooperative agreement with CDC may submit a plan for approval. |
Deciding on initial scope of isolate submission: a) only selected isolates; b) all isolates in state; c) all isolates from predefined geographic area |
State/large city TB program |
Clarifying roles and assigning responsibilities | State/large city TB program |
Submitting isolates to the genotyping laboratories for genotyping | Public health laboratories and/or clinical laboratories will submit isolates. The state/large city TB program will provide instructions on how this is to be done. |
Performing genotyping and reporting results to the TB program | Genotyping laboratory |
Managing genotyping database and tracking isolates that are submitted for genotyping | State/large city TB program |
Receiving and recording genotyping laboratory reports | State/large city TB program |
Responding to genotyping results | State/large city and local TB programs |
Providing genotyping technical consultations | Genotyping laboratory and CDC |
Providing epidemiologic consultations | State/large city TB program and CDC |
Deciding on Initial Scope of Genotyping Program: Three Options
Universal genotyping (i.e., submitting all isolates from a TB program to the genotyping laboratories) holds great promise for improving TB control. We believe that, within the next few years, programs will want to have all their M. tuberculosis complex isolates genotyped, just as they now have all their isolates analyzed for drug susceptibility patterns. However, for programs to implement a genotyping program, they will have to invest additional resources to pay for shipping the isolates to the genotyping laboratories. Programs may also have to hire additional staff or assign new duties to existing staff so they are able to administer the program and respond to newly identified genotyping clusters. Thus, initially, some programs will not be able to implement universal genotyping.
There are three options for selecting the isolates that will be submitted to the genotyping laboratories for genotyping.
Option 1: Universal submission of isolates program-wide
This option involves submitting one isolate from every patient with a culture-positive specimen in a TB program's jurisdiction.Advantages of universal genotyping. This option provides the greatest benefit. Universal program-wide genotyping provides the best understanding of the epidemiology of tuberculosis transmission within the entire TB program's jurisdiction and uncovers the greatest number of unexpected outbreaks, clusters, and false-positive cultures.
Disadvantages of universal genotyping. This is the most expensive option, and it requires a substantial commitment of resources.
Option 2: Universal submission of isolates from a selected subregion
In this option, a specific geographic area is selected (e.g., a particular county TB program or several adjacent county programs), and all isolates that come from patients in the area are submitted.Advantages of universal genotyping in a subregion. This option provides all the benefits of universal program-wide genotyping as they apply to the specific region. It will be more manageable than a program-wide effort. After a county universal genotyping program is set up and running well, the program may be expanded to other counties or to an entire state.
Disadvantages of universal genotyping in a subregion. The full benefits of universal program-wide genotyping will not be realized. If a TB program decides to adopt Option 3, the following questions should be considered in selecting county TB programs to participate:
- Is there buy-in from the county TB programs?
- Can isolate submissions be coordinated easily? (It will be easier to work with a county where most isolates can be submitted by one laboratory than with a county where isolates would be submitted by multiple laboratories.)
- If more than one county will participate, are the counties contiguous?
- Do the counties have a large number of TB cases? (Although it may be easier to start in a county with a small number of cases, the benefit will be greater in a county with many cases.)
- Does TB occur often in high-risk populations in the counties of interest?
Option 3: Selective submission of isolates
A policy of selective submission is a decision by the TB program to submit only those M. tuberculosis isolates that meet certain criteria. This option allows programs that cannot implement universal genotyping to take advantage of the services of the genotyping laboratory. For example, if the TB program suspects that several TB cases are involved in the same chain of recent transmission, isolates from these patients can be submitted to the genotyping laboratory. Similarly, if a TB program or a laboratory suspects that a diagnosis of TB is the result of a false-positive culture, the isolate from the diagnosed case-patient and the isolate that might have been identified as the possible source of the false-positive culture can be submitted for genotyping.Advantages of selective genotyping. It saves shipping costs because only high-priority isolates are submitted. The selective submission option will also minimize the number of times a TB program will need to conduct a cluster investigation, because the TB program will submit for genotyping only those isolates from high-priority suspected clusters.
Disadvantages of selective genotyping. First, selective genotyping does not allow a TB program to realize the full benefit of genotyping. Because only selected isolates are genotyped, the TB program will be less likely to learn about unsuspected recent transmission. With selective genotyping, you can confirm only what you already suspect. For similar reasons, the discovery of unsuspected false-positive cultures, which is one of the most important benefits of universal genotyping, is not possible with selective genotyping.
The second disadvantage of selective genotyping is that it requires several steps to locate and request submission of isolates; these steps are not necessary with universal genotyping. For example, under a policy of selective submission, if an outbreak is suspected and a TB program wants to submit isolates from the patients who are considered part of the outbreak, the TB program must determine which patients have culture-positive isolates and what laboratories have those isolates. The TB program must send a request to the laboratories; the laboratories must locate and possibly subculture the isolates before they can be sent to the genotyping laboratories. With universal genotyping, all isolates are submitted automatically for genotyping; no person at the TB program would need to identify isolates for genotyping or to make an individual request to the laboratories, and the laboratories might have prepared an isolate for shipment as a routine part of their procedures for processing cultures.
Summing Up: Deciding on Initial Scope of Genotyping Program One of the first decisions a TB program must make is the initial scope of their genotyping program. There are three options: Universal genotyping program-wide provides the most benefit, but it requires a substantial investment in program resources. Universal genotyping for a subregion (a single county or adjacent county TB programs) provides some of the benefits of statewide universal genotyping but is easier to initiate and costs less. Selective genotyping is the easiest to initiate and the least expensive. |
Identifying Laboratories that Will Submit Isolates to the Genotyping Laboratories
The TB program that opts for universal genotyping, either program-wide or within a particular county, needs to identify the laboratories in their jurisdiction that will submit M. tuberculosis isolates to their genotyping laboratory. The TB program that opts for selective genotyping may wait to contact submitting laboratories until the program identifies specific isolates to be submitted.
If all M. tuberculosis isolates are sent to the state public health laboratory for routine isolation and identification or for drug susceptibility testing, it will be easier to have that laboratory be responsible for submitting isolates to the genotyping laboratory. If the state public health laboratory does not receive all isolates, the TB program should explore the feasibility of establishing a new state health regulation that calls for all M. tuberculosis isolates to be submitted to the state laboratory. The regulatory language used by the New York City TB program to have all isolates submitted to their public health laboratory is available for review on the WebBoard at http://web-tb.forum.cdc.gov.
If a new regulation is not feasible or is delayed, and the state public health laboratory cannot be the only entity that will submit isolates to the genotyping laboratory, a process will have to be implemented to identify the laboratories that isolate and identify M. tuberculosis from patients in the state or county. This will include state and county public health laboratories, private laboratories, large commercial laboratories (which may include out-of-state laboratories), and laboratories at medical centers and hospitals.
Laboratories perform various types of services. For the purpose of submitting isolates, only laboratories that identify isolates as M. tuberculosis complex should be considered. Laboratories that isolate mycobacteria but do not process them further do not have to be considered, although such laboratories may be conduits for reporting results to clinicians or to the TB program.
Many laboratories isolate and identify M. tuberculosis and then send the isolates to a state or reference laboratory for susceptibility testing. In these cases, either the originating or reference laboratory could be designated as the entity to submit isolates for genotyping. Asking the originating laboratory to submit isolates will provide the most rapid turnaround, but this will require the originating laboratory to ship the isolate twice: once to the reference laboratory and once to the genotyping laboratory. Many laboratories may find this unworkable.
The Division of Laboratory Systems at CDC developed the National Laboratory Database (NLD) of all Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-approved laboratories in the United States. CDC provides access to this database to all 50 state public health laboratory directors. One of the variables is mycobacteriology, which allows a state public health laboratory director to download a list of every laboratory that performs some level of mycobacteriology testing. The system also allows the state laboratory director to download an accurate mailing list of these laboratories. TB programs that want to use the NLD should request approval from their state laboratory director, asking that the director grant NLD access to a specific person by sending an email to Dr. Rex Astles at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Establishing a Communications Plan
Effective communication among the state and local TB programs, state laboratory, submitting laboratories, and the genotyping laboratory is critical to the success of genotyping. Planning for an effective communications system should be one of the initial steps in developing a genotyping program. The system (e.g., a shared web-based database, e-mail, telephone, or fax) will depend on local capabilities. Approaches to ensure that patient confidentiality is maintained should be addressed.


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The parser generator generates an LALR parser from a specification of a grammar. The parser generator has a simple facility for the static resolution of ambiguity in the grammar and supports an automatic run-time error correction mechanism as well as user-defined error correction. Semantic actions can be included in the rules for the grammar by specifying Lisp forms to be evaluated when reductions are performed.
For further details on LALR parsing, see Compilers, Principles Techniques and Tools , by Aho, Sethi and Ullman, publishers Addison Wesley, 1986.
Load the parser generator by
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Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more.
Show All Answers
Emergency water calls are answered 24 hours a day by calling 516-794-8181.
View Online Bill Pay for the Town of Hempstead
Call customer support at 516-296-7249 for further information.
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You can reach our backflow customer service desk at 516-296-7248 Monday through Friday from 7:30 am to 3:30 pm.
Learn what is in your water by visiting the Drinking Water Quality Reports page.
Find more information about contaminants on the Emerging Contaminant Information page.
Water conservation kits can be picked up in person at the customer service desk located at the Water Department Office.
View Water Department Staff Directory


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five days a week
Open 24 hours a day 5 days a week, the foreign exchange market is the largest and most liquid market in the world with volumes of over $4 trillion a day surpassing any exchange based market.
Foreign exchange trading involves trading one currency pair against another, predicting that one currency will rise or fall against another. Currencies are traded in pairs, like the Euro versus the US Dollar (EUR/USD).
Forex Spreads
IC Markets offers Forex traders some of the tightest spreads out of all Forex exchange brokers globally with our EUR/USD spread averaging 0.1 pips. Tight spreads combined with our low latency enterprise grade hardware makes IC Markets the ideal choice for active day traders and those using Expert Advisors. The table at the bottom of this page shows our minimum and average spreads across all of the major currency pairs.
How does Forex
Trading work?
Forex trading is similar to trading shares or futures except that when trading foreign exchange you are buying or selling one currency against another and you do not take delivery of the underlying currency. One of the key advantages Forex has over other financial instruments is that relatively small lot sizes can be traded - lot sizes can be as small as 1000 units (one micro lot). Typically, foreign exchange also involves leverage which in some cases can be as high as 1:1000, which is very different to trading shares where no leverage is involved.
Forex Trading Examples
Spreads generated from data between 24/05/2021 and 28/05/2021


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This is an archived article that was published on sltrib.com in 2013, and information in the article may be outdated. It is provided only for personal research purposes and may not be reprinted.
A federal judge has thrown out a lawsuit filed by a Clinton couple who claimed they lost custody of their children because the father is black.
In a ruling filed last week, Judge Clark Waddoups wrote that Kelvin and Sharon Davis cannot sue Utah's Division of Child and Family Services in federal court because they did not send to the state a required notice that they intended to sue a government agency. Waddoups also wrote that the federal district court lacked jurisdiction over the state court's decision to remove the Davises' children.
In 2006, a Utah Juvenile Court removed the Davises' three children then ages 4, 2 and 1 after DCFS caseworkers witnessed the father and mother fight over one of the children in a physical tug-of-war. The state also pointed to statements by each parent accusing the other of abusive behavior. In 2008, the children were returned to the Davises. The couple had reconciled and filed a lawsuit accusing the state of removing their children because Kelvin is black and suffers from schizophrenia.
Waddoups noted that the couple had not appealed the juvenile court orders placing the children in foster care. For the Davises to win their lawsuit, the federal court would have to invalidate the juvenile court's orders in the manner of an appellate court something a federal district court cannot do, Waddoups wrote, granting the caseworkers' request for summary judgment.


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The difference between helping and selling is just two letters
If you're wondering how to make your products seem more exciting online, you're asking the wrong question. You're not competing for attention only against other similar products. You're competing against your customers' friends and family and viral videos and cute puppies. To win attention these days you must ask a different question: "How can we help?"
Jay Baer's Youtility offers a new approach that cuts through the clutter: marketing that is truly, inherently useful. If you sell something, you make a customer today, but if you genuinely help someone, you create a customer for life.
Drawing from real examples of companies who are practicing Youtility as well as his experience helping more than seven hundred brands improve their marketing strategy, Baer provides a groundbreaking plan for using information and helpfulness to transform the relationship between companies and customers.


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Dogs affected by kids going back to school
LOS ANGELES (AP) -- Young people aren't the only ones who get back-to-school blues. Pooches used to months of constant playtime can get upset when their best buddies disappear with the dog days of summer.
Many dogs whine and wait eagerly at the front door but eventually adjust to the absence of their young owners when they are in class. But millions of dogs can feel abandoned, sad and unable to cope -- and they look for ways to lash out.
Many of the nation's 80 million dogs have separation anxiety, Dr. Nick Dodman, of Tufts University's Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine in Massachusetts, said citing studies.
Dogs with separation anxiety will bark, howl or whine; destroy something, leaving behind scratched doors, damaged blinds or torn curtains; or have accidents, Dodman said.
Dianne Larson of Santa Clarita, California, has seen it firsthand. School started two weeks ago, and year-old Ruby, a black Lab, still searches for Larson's son Tanner, 14, when he's gone.
"She stays in his room. If his door is closed, she will whine to get in," Dianne Larson said. If the dog isn't in Tanner's room, she's at the front window watching for him.
Side effects for anxious dogs don't stop at whimpering. Some dogs refuse to eat when their owners are gone, experts say.
"There will be an exuberant greeting when you do come home, one that can last several minutes and be completely crazy, then the dog will run to the food bowl," Dodman said.
Nearly half the anxious dogs have noise phobias, so if a storm hits while they are in an empty house, they can panic. A really insecure dog might become clingy and follow their owners around.
Besides recommended independence training, there are some things owners can do to ease their dogs' blues. Dodman suggests:
-- Make your departure a happy time with toys and treats.
-- Create a place in the house where the dog feels safe.
-- Start the new routine before school begins.
-- Don't indulge behavior with baby talk or sympathy.
-- See a vet if it doesn't improve.
To cope with separation, first-grader Harry Williams of Kanab, Utah, takes the family dogs, Flora and Gandalf, to the bus stop each morning to get a bit more time with them.
"He is sad to leave them and hugs them like 10 times before he gets on the bus. Usually Flora whines when the bus pulls away," mom Jill Williams said. But the dogs mostly sleep while the youngster is at school.
"Honestly, they don't really seem fazed by it other than when Harry gets on and off the school bus," Williams said.
For those whose dogs have more serious problems, other more expensive options include pet sitters, dog walkers and doggy day camp.
For the young Grimmett sisters in Edmond, Oklahoma, their dogs, an English setter and a Yorkshire terrier, got plenty of attention and outdoor playtime over the summer, but the dogs don't throw a fit when 10-year-old Willow and 5-year-old Coral go to school, which started this month.
The dogs welcome the girls home with unconditional love and affection -- and no criticism, said mom, Dr. Danel Grimmett of the Sunset Veterinarian Clinic.
"Yes, they miss their girls, but they seem to understand," she said. "And all the time away during the day disappears as soon as the girls return."
(Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


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Halloween is about tricks and treats, although the tricks usually only manifest themselves as scary costumes and people play up the sweets. I still like to get in a little trick once in a while and I do that in the form of filled cupcakes and other treats. These sweets have a surprise inside that really makes them stand out from other Halloween goodies. They not only taste delicious, but they're a lot of fun to make and eat.
Bloody Brain Cupcakes are bright pink cupcakes with squiggly brains for frosting. They're creepy to look at, but will definitely surprise anyone who picks one up as a treat because they're filled with a tart cranberry sauce that makes for a spooky soft center to these "brains."
Slime-Filled Cupcakes from the Black Lagoon are inspired by old-school monster movies. They're filled with a bright green lime curd that tastes delicious, but looks a little bit like radioactive ooze. It's a great flavor combination and the color gets points for the "gross" factor when they're served at a party.
Vampire Cupcakes are a classic that I've been making for years and never get tired of. They're vanilla cupcakes with a cherry "blood" filling that oozes out when you take a bite. They're great for Halloween and can be served year-round to vampire fans. There is even a video tutorial that will walk you through the process of making them.
Vampire Cookies come in a much smaller package, but still deliver the same "blood" filling that the Vampire Cupcakes do. In this case, the filling is made from raspberry jam that is sandwiched between two thin layers of cookie dough. The cookie dough needs to be thin to give you the best filling-to-cookie ratio, but a little bit of patience when assembling them will lead to some amazing cookies.
Vampire Pancakes take the theme a step further so that you can start your Halloween celebrations at breakfast. The easy-to-make pancakes have a bright red filling that means you really don't need to serve these with syrup – and you'll get good results whether you start with homemade pancake batter or use a pancake mix.
Halloween Candy Lava aren't as spooky as some of the other treats on this list, but they are a fantastic and unexpected way to use up leftover Halloween candies and transform them into something completely different. You can use almost any type of chocolate candy for these little cakes, but I like to use mini candy bars that have a caramel filling the best.


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School Support and Rural Programs
School Support and Rural Programs (SSRP) provide funds for education technology, school facilities, parent information assistance centers, and comprehensive education assistance centers. Our office also administers the implementation of flexibility provisions in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, as reauthorized by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001.
Evaluation Guide
Evaluation Matters is a free guide to help educators and administrators with little or no formal training in evaluation become active partners with their evaluators to ensure that evaluations are tailored to the needs of states, school districts, and schools.
Evaluation Matters: Getting the Information You Need from Your Evaluation (Draft)
Evaluation Matters explains how to build evaluation into program planning and decision-making step by step. A draft version is provided so that grantees, educators, technical assistance providers, and others can start using the guide and send us suggestions on ways to improve it. The guide provides electronic hyperlinks to additional resources, including observation protocols, surveys, rubrics, and other evaluation instruments, as well as publications on evaluation design, logic models, data collection and analysis, ethical issues, pitfalls to avoid, and using findings for program improvement. Though examples show how educators could use evaluation in everyday practice for technology programs, the principles and steps in the guide can be used to evaluate all kinds of education programs.
Download the Complete Evaluation Guide
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Fax: 202-205-5870


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Christian goths
It is requested that an image or images be included in this article to improve its quality. | |||
Created by the inbreeding of Goths and Christians, Christian Goths are a rare and mentally sub-par race of beings. Like all Goths, they cause hypocrisy radars to break down by moving around in groups, dressed in black attire and makeup, excessive piercings, and are often mistaken for drag queens. However they differ from their Visigoth ancestors in that they have forsaken the ancient tradition of sacking Rome and putting the church to the torch, making them enormous hypocrites. Many goths wish to be either dead or Japanese.
Interestingly, Christian Goths hate the world, but thank god for putting them there.
The most obvious difference between Christian Goths, Goths, and Christians, is the way they cut their hair. Christians see their hair as part of their soul, and never cut it for the full extent of their lives, which led to the creation of the fairy story, Bat Man. Goths often shave their heads, making it easier for their souls to escape through their noses when they sneeze. Christian Goths, however, dye their hair black to stain their soul, all the while keeping it intact, and complain about head grease on their Live Journals. While most Goths are individually agnostic, and Christians follow the Bible, Christian Goths like to interpret scripture as they see it.
While it is true that goths generally wear lots and lots of crucifixes, for no particular reason, a Christian Goth is far more likely to have them the right way up, symbolizing the Cross of Christ instead of the Cross of Satan, which is a symbol that Satan designed to make fun of Saint Peter, who was crucified upside-down because he didn't want to step on Jesus' turf.
Christian Goths generally conform to the common Christian cosmology, but with various science fiction and/or Occultic abrigements, and the various sects attitude towards sin and pain.
Most Christian goths laugh at creationism as being some kind of trap set up by secular humanists to trick Christians into looking very foolish. They tend to believe in a conspiracy to cover-up C. S. Lewis and other Christian intellectuals for this same purpose.
After the creation of the universe, it is believed that Adam and Eve ate "the fruite" of the knowledge of good and evil (which is thought to be some kind of poppy plant, or some metaphor about ego, either one is possible).
Calvinist Goths believe God to be both good AND evil, and that sin and pain are very natural and should be celebrated equally (these are particularly indulgent Goths and are surprisingly amoral, even more so than secular "normal" Goths).
Other Goths, however, believe the universe to be generally good but human society to be more or less screwed up after the fall. These particular Christian Goths cling to the writings of Sigmund Freud, and passages in the New Testament that claim that "to save the life is to end it and to end it is to save it" (the implication of which is that life as we know it is in actuality a state of LIVING DEATH, try to deny this one when your stuck in the freeway).
There is usually some sort of extraterrestrial interpretation on the identity of Lucifer and other Angels (fallen or otherwise).
Christian Goths praise Jesus as the ultimate Goth, the best nonconformist ever who allowed himself to be horribly mutilated by Roman Jocks and Jewish psychologists for the sins of man (wow man). His long hair is also a bonus (and those forns look wicked).
They then cry, write bad poetry, drink stale coffee and act pretentious in their moral preaching combined with their ideas of conformity (which ultimately boils down to whining about the futility of Earthly life, exactly like any typical Monk should).
It is said that Arthur Schopenhauer went through a Christian Goth phase before adopting Buddhism.
NOTE: There is also another group called Gnostics (fans of the Alternative Rock band Gnosis) who often are confused for Christian Goths, however are very distinct in that they are actually suicidal emo transvestites who reject sensible NeoPlatonism for a bizarre form of absolutist dualism, stating that the world is evil and literally made up of shit, thus life could never be called an act of God lest His name be blasphemed. Most Christian goths call this way of thinking "crazy" or Imbicilic as a 'God' can never do anything by accident, as a result, many are usually Calvinists or Presbyterians who believe in predestination, and many believe in a form of Panentheism (a few simply hate fallen existence like other good Christians, only more honestly).
Diet of non-Christian Goths[edit]
Blood of course, where did you think communion came from? Christian goths are also occasionally found consuming other substandard non-nutritious foods. Occasionally (usually crunchy, cheezy, spicy stuff to punish their mouths with). Most however go onto prolonged fasting periods (just like Jesus, Moses, and those other guys).
Approach with caution, and do not insult Jesus or Trent Reznor within earshot.


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ASH 2013 has uncovered 2 glaring gaps in the management of people with sleep disorders (OSA as well as others) and appropriate care after a stroke. Both cohorts frequent primary care practice.
What did I know before ASH 2013?
Obstructive sleep apnea is a disease that is comprised of more than sleep disordered breathing. It is a serious vascular disease in disguise. Eighteen million people in America are afflicted with it.
I know a lot more about OSA now. In 98% of people with OSA, the condition is undiagnosed! OSA is atypical and harder to diagnose in women. Women do not snore, may have serious disease with a normal neck circumference and BMI. If OSA is diagnosed, it improves with CPAP (a minimum of 4 hours per night!).
I asked all the right questions and ordered sleep studies. I looked for OSA in my resistant hypertensive patients.
But what was I missing?
There are 80 million people in the US with sleep deprivation. They may be more subtle, but also have an increased risk of DM2, heart disease, other medical problems, and chronic pain. They have blood pressure issues as well. My "sleep review of systems" was inadequate. Remember, there are only 3500 sleep specialists in America. Primary care is going to have to shoulder a greater burden. People who have trouble sleeping have a higher risk of vascular problems.
Before ASH, I thought we were doing a good job with care after strokes too. There is no doubt it is an important assignment. There are approximately 795,000 strokes per year in America. One quarter are recurrent. Fifteen to thirty percent of survivors are disabled. Twenty percent of these folks require institutional care for 3 months after the event.
Would it surprise you to learn -- if you compare lipid, blood pressure, antithrombotic therapy, exercise, and dietary interventions -- that after an ischemic coronary event, survivors fare better than stroke survivors?! Secondary prevention strategies in stroke survivors are not as good as they should be. If patients have a coronary procedure and are compared to patients who have undergone a carotid endarterectomy, again followup is better in the coronary cohort.
ASH 2013 has uncovered 2 glaring gaps in the management of people with sleep disorders (OSA as well as others) and appropriate care after a stroke. Both cohorts frequent primary care practice. It does not seem anyone is volunteering to jump into these breeches. Are we ready, willing, and able?


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While scientists develop new drugs to treat a multitude of conditions, nanotechnology is pushing the boundaries of how we deliver them to patients - targeting delivery to cancer cells and giving a drug dose once a month rather than every day.
Using nano-sized carriers to deliver medicine has been around for some time. Nearly 20 years ago chemotherapy drug liposomal doxorubicin (brand name Doxil in the US) was approved for treating Kaposi's sarcoma, a rare cancer often found in patients with AIDS. The molecules of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin are held in a liposome, a fatty particle, that allows the nanomedicine to last longer in the body. And liposome technology has been available since the 1960s.
But nanotechnologies are continually evolving, as are their applications and the sophistication of treating and diagnosing disease.
Solid or carrier
In broad terms, nanotechnology in drug delivery involves either forming solid drug nanoparticles or loading the drug into nanocarriers that improve how a medicine is distributed in the body. One of the latest offerings is an experimental injectable "smart sponge" that expands and contracts in response to blood sugar levels to release insulin within diabetic patients as needed.
Solid drug nanoparticles are typically made by taking large chunks of water-insoluble drugs and grinding them into particles with diameters measurable in 100s of nanometers, with each particle about one millionth the size of a tennis ball. There are now numerous examples of these formulations that have been licensed as safe and effective for treating diseases ranging from organ rejection, cholesterol reduction, schizophrenia, chronic pain and inflammation.
Until recently, the primary aim of solid drug nanoparticles was to improve the delivery of drugs taken by mouth; by increasing the amount of drug that is able to cross the intestinal barrier and enter the bloodstream. But recent work, in the area of HIV, has been about developing ways to take medicines less frequently - for example as little as once a month or even longer using a solid drug nanoparticle depot that is injected into muscle. This kind of work may make it easier for people with HIV to manage their treatment.
Recent work at Liverpool University with solid drug nanoparticles could reduce the doses required for orally administered HIV drugs and Phase I clinical trials are now being planned.
A less toxic payload
Doxil is a nanocarrier-based medicine, where a particle of fat (a liposome) is the carrier. But there are a plethora of different nanocarriers at various stages of development. They range from various polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions and inorganic materials such as gold or silver nanoparticles.
The majority of nanocarrier-based medicines are being developed to treat cancer and are generally injected directly into the blood. Their benefits stem from their ability to target certain areas of the body. By increasing the amount of drug at the target and reducing it in other tissues, these nanomedicines reduce the toxicity that occurs when the drug is more widely distributed in the body.
Almost all nanocarrier-based medicines in development involve either passive targeting or active targeting. In cancer, as solid tumours grow and expand they disrupt the tissue that surrounds them creating nano-sized pores that allow medicines like Doxil to leak through and penetrate the tumour. But in healthy tissue the barrier remains intact and prevents the accumulation of the nanocarrier. Imagine the tissue around the tumour is like a net while the tissue around healthy tissue is like a cloth. Both net and cloth will let water through (dissolved drug in a conventional form) but only the net (tumour) will let through sand (nanoparticles).
The ability to capitalise on an inherent process in this way is called passive targeting. And recent research into amplifying this passive targeting alongside active targeting has shown promising data. Usually, this involves modifying the nanoparticle surface to add a targeting ligand, a structure that can specifically recognise features of diseased cells. This specifically homes the medicine to the target cells. One of the first actively targeted nanomedicines, BIND-014, recently entered into Phase II clinical trials.
Although most of these nanomedicines are used in cancer, other examples are being used to treat conditions from multiple sclerosis to infectious diseases. For example, Ambisome, another liposome-based medicine that contains the drug amphotericin B, is effective at eliminating fungal infections but is less toxic, again because of its favourable distribution in the body.
Optical properties
Nanoparticles have long been known to have optical properties. Many of the colours within medieval stained-glass windows were produced using nanoparticles of inorganic materials such as silver and gold. These nanoparticles are so small that they are able to interfere with the wavelength of the light that hits them due to a process we now know of as surface plasmon resonance.
The potential application of these optical properties for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases have recently been attracting interest. For example, certain nanoparticles are able to selectively accumulate within tumours and the optical properties allow them to be seen using external equipment.
More recently, nanotheranostics (a combination of nano, therapy and diagnostics) have attracted attention for their potential to not only enable us to see disease tissue but to simultaneously deliver a drug payload. In cancer treatment this would allow doctors to treat patients and study the cancer at the same time.


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Popular SciencePopular Science gives our readers the information and tools to improve
their technology and their world. The core belief that Popular
Science and our readers share: The future is going to be better, and
science and technology are the driving forces that will help make it
better. |
Common terms and phrases
action animal animalcules ashes atmosphere auricle becomes Bicetre Blatin blood body camphor carbonic acid cardiac disease cause coati Coati-Mondi cocoa-nut color corks cotton doctrine earth effect electrical Europe existence experiments explanation fabrics facts fall favor feet fibre fire force forests fruit give hair heat Herbert Spencer Herculaneum Huggins human idea increase influence insane Kinkajou lava laws leaves Lemurs lungs manufacture matter means ment meteorology minute moisture Nasua natural needle nicotine night nose observations organ patients phenomena philosophy plantigrade Pompeii present principle proboscis produced proper motions pulsations quantity question rain regard remarkable respired right heart scientific seen side smoking society Spencer spot of light stars structure surface temperature textures theory thing thought thrown timber tion tissues tobacco trees tricuspid valve true ventricle volcanic weather wind


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Have you ever thought that for emergency alerts to be distributed as quickly as possible they should be sent to cell phones? Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) make that possible.
What are Wireless Emergency Alerts?
WEA is a public safety system that allows customers who own certain wireless phones and other enabled mobile devices to receive geographically-targeted, text-like messages alerting them of imminent threats to safety in their area. The technology ensures that emergency alerts will not get stuck in highly congested areas, which can happen with standard mobile voice and texting services. WEA (formerly known as the Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) or Personal Localized Alerting Network (PLAN)) was established pursuant to the Warning, Alert and Response Network (WARN) Act.
WEA enables government officials to target emergency alerts to specific geographic areas – lower Manhattan, for example – through cell towers that broadcast the emergency alerts for reception by WEA-enabled mobile devices.
Wireless companies volunteer to participate in WEA, which is the result of a unique public/private partnership between the FCC, FEMA and the wireless industry to enhance public safety.
How does WEA work?
Pre-authorized national, state or local government authorities may send alerts regarding public safety emergencies, such as evacuation orders or shelter–in-place orders due to severe weather, a terrorist threat or chemical spill, to WEA.
The alerts from authenticated public safety officials are sent through FEMA's Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS) to participating wireless carriers, which then push the alerts from cell towers to mobile devices in the affected area. The alerts appear like text messages on mobile devices.
Who receives the alerts?
Alerts are broadcast only from cell towers whose coverage areas best match the zone of an emergency. Phones that are using the cell towers in the alert zone will receive the WEA. This means that if an alert is sent to a zone in New York, all WEA-capable phones in the alert zone can receive the WEA, even if they are phones that are roaming or visiting from another state. In other words, a customer visiting from Chicago would receive alerts in New York if they have a WEA-enabled mobile device and their phone is using a cell tower in the alert zone.
How much do consumers pay to receive WEA?
Alerts are free. Customers do not pay to receive WEA.
Do consumers have to sign up to receive alerts?
Consumers do not need to sign up for this service. WEA allows government officials to send emergency alerts to all subscribers with WEA-capable devices if their wireless carrier participates in the program.
What alerts does WEA deliver?
Alerts from WEA cover only critical emergency situations. Consumers will receive only three types of alerts:
- Alerts issued by the President
- Alerts involving imminent threats to safety or life
- Amber Alerts
Participating carriers may allow subscribers to block all but Presidential alerts.
What do consumers experience when they receive a WEA?
A WEA alert is accompanied by a unique attention signal and vibration, which is particularly helpful to people with hearing or vision-related disabilities.
Are consumers able to receive WEAs on a prepaid phone?
Yes. Consumers with prepaid phones can receive WEAs as long as their provider has decided to participate in WEA and the customer has a WEA-enabled device. These consumers receive the alerts just as customers with postpaid, monthly service do.
Does WEA track my location?
No. WEA is not designed to – and does not – track the location of anyone receiving a WEA alert.
Are WEAs text messages?
No. Many providers have chosen to transmit WEAs using a technology that is separate and different from voice calls and SMS text messages. This technology ensures that emergency alerts will not get stuck in highly congested areas, which can happen with standard mobile voice and texting services.
Do consumers need a new phone or a smart phone to receive alerts?
Some phones may require only software upgrades to receive alerts, while in other cases a subscriber may need to purchase a new WEA-capable device. Consumers should check with their wireless carrier regarding the availability of WEA-capable handsets.
Is WEA available everywhere?
Participation in WEA by wireless carriers is widespread but voluntary. Some carriers offer WEA over all or parts of their service areas or over all or only some of their wireless devices. Other carriers may not offer WEA at all. Even if you have WEA-enabled device, you will not receive WEAs in a service area where the provider is not offering WEA or if your device is roaming on a provider network that does not support the WEA service. Consumers should check with their wireless carriers to determine the extent to which they are offering WEA.
Can consumers block WEAs?
Partially. Participating wireless carriers may offer subscribers with WEA-capable handsets the ability to block alerts involving imminent threats to safety of life and/or AMBER Alerts; however, consumers cannot block emergency alerts issued by the President.
Why can't consumers block WEAs issued by the President?
In passing the WARN Act, Congress allowed participating carriers to offer subscribers the capability to block all WEAs except those issued by the President.
How will subscribers know if their carrier offers WEA?
The FCC requires all wireless carriers that do not participate in WEA to notify customers. Consumers should check with their wireless carriers to determine the extent to which they are offering WEA.
My friends and I have the same wireless carrier. They just received a WEA over their cell phones, but I have not. Why?
Some participating carriers are offering WEA on some, but not all, of their mobile devices. Consumers should check with their wireless carriers to find out if their cell phone is WEA-capable. Information about WEA-capable handsets can also be found at www.ctia.org/your-wireless-life/consumer-tips/wireless-emergency-alerts.
Sometimes, even though you and a friend are in the same location, your mobile devices may be using different towers. If you are on the edge of an alert zone, your phone may be using a tower that is outside of the alert zone and therefore not broadcasting the alert. As you move around, your phone changes from tower to tower to offer the best service. When your phone starts using a tower that is in an alert zone, you will receive the WEA.
Why are some consumers receiving WEA test alerts on their mobile phones?
Participating wireless carriers are required under FCC rules to conduct periodic testing of their WEA infrastructure. As part of their test, some participating carriers may choose (but are not required) to send test alerts to WEA-enabled handsets. Consumers with questions about these test messages should contact their wireless carriers.
How geographically precise is WEA?
Participating wireless providers are generally required to send the alerts to a geographic area no larger than the county or counties affected by the emergency situation. In some cases, however, participating carriers may be able to target alerts to smaller areas.
What is the FCC's role in WEA?
The WARN Act directed the FCC to adopt technical and operational requirements for WEA service. Wireless carriers that participate in WEA must adhere to the FCC's WEA rules.
Does the FCC send alerts?
No, the FCC does not send alerts. WEA alert originators include other federal agencies (such as the National Weather Service) and state and local government authorities. Alerts from authenticated public safety officials are sent through FEMA's IPAWS system to participating wireless carriers.


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As 2012 winds down, I am very much looking forward to 2013 and hoping for many better days. However, it's always fun to look back through the blog and be reminded of the many wonderful new recipes we tried over the course of the year. In the next few days I'll recap my own personal favorites from this year, but first I thought I'd figure out what posts have been the most popular with my readers. As usual, mac and cheese and cupcakes, cupcakes, cupcakes are the highlight for you all! Here are the top 10 most popular posts from the past year on Annie's Eats.
Cucumber Bites with Garlic Herb Filling
Cupcake Basics: Cream Cheese Frosting


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MMA News, Updates, Discussion, Fantasy League & Virtual Betting
forum, #wsof, conor, mcgregor, jones, mark, hunt, nick, diaz, dillashaw, ronda, rousey, wrestling, ultimate, fighter, fight, night, boxing, mixed, martial, arts, fighting, championship, betting, videos, training
Combat sport discussion such as boxing, kickboxing and MMA.
fight, companion, combat, sport, discussion, boxing, kickboxing, martial, arts, mixed, pride, bellator, #wsof, glory, muay, thai, jitsu, brazilian, judo, karate, sports, fighting
This is the place for MMA fans to discuss MMA News, Events, and where MMA fans can give their fight predictions on MMA events.
chat, bellator, #wsof, invicta, news, events, fight, predictions, martial, arts, live, hour, show, rich, davie, podcast


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PRESS RELEASE—For immediate release
Media Availability: A doctor will be available December 19 from 3-5pm, call to schedule
Contact: Sonia Singh, Public Health: firstname.lastname@example.com, (602) 679-3098
Providers are asked to work with Public Health to stop the outbreak
PHOENIX (December 19, 2019)—Maricopa County is experiencing a community-wide outbreak of mumps, a contagious disease that can lead to serious consequences.
"This is the first community-wide mumps outbreak that Maricopa County has seen in decades and serves as a reminder of why it's so important to get vaccinated for diseases that we can prevent," said Dr. Rebecca Sunenshine, medical director for disease control at Maricopa County Department of Public Health.
Mumps is a contagious disease caused by a virus that spreads through saliva (spit) or mucus from the mouth, nose or throat of an infected person. An infected person can spread mumps to others by kissing or by sharing food, drinks, eating utensils, cigarettes, lip gloss or any other items that come in contact with an infected person's saliva.
Symptoms of mumps can include:
Complications from mumps include painful and swollen testicles for males, painful and swollen ovaries (abdominal/belly pain) for females, and rarely, decreased fertility, meningitis (inflammation around the brain and spinal cord) and even deafness.
A person with mumps is considered contagious 1-2 days before swelling or pain starts, which means a person infected with mumps can spread it to others before they even know they have it.
Dr. Sunenshine added, "Many healthcare providers have never seen a patient with mumps, so it is important for everyone to know there is an outbreak. It's OK to ask your provider to test for mumps if you have symptoms."
If you think you have mumps:
The healthcare provider may test you for mumps by swabbing the inside of your cheek, testing your urine and blood. Ideally, testing should be done within the first 3 days of your symptoms. They will ask you to stay home from work, school or daycare and avoid other people for 5 days after the start of jaw pain or swelling to prevent spread of the disease to others. Healthcare providers are encouraged to immediately report suspect mumps to Maricopa County Department of Public Health by calling (602) 506-6767.
Vaccination with the recommended 2 doses of the MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine is the best way to protect yourself. Ways to avoid getting mumps and other infectious diseases include:
For more information on mumps signs and symptoms or where you may find vaccine, please visit www.WeArePublicHealth.org.


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Japan Tsunami Left Behind Huge Underwater Dunes
The giant earthquake that devastated Japan in 2011 reshaped the seafloor, forming unexpectedly large underwater dunes and possibly dramatically influencing Japan's marine ecosystem, researchers have found.
The new findings, detailed online Jan. 1 in the journal Marine Geology, hint that clues about past tsunamis could be found on the sea bottom.
The magnitude-9.0 Tohoku-Oki temblor that struck in March 2011 was the most powerful earthquake to hit Japan in recorded history, strong enough to slightly alter the pull of gravity under Japan. It then set off a tsunami that lay waste to the coast of the northeastern part of the country, triggering a crisis at the nuclear power plant at Fukushima, a combination that may be the first "complex megadisaster" the world has ever seen.
Twenty days after the tsunami, researchers went out in ships with sonar rigs for a four-day emergency field survey to judge the impact of the tsunami on the seafloor and see whether large ships could safely come into Kesennuma Bay about 55 miles (90 kilometers) northeast of the city of Sendai. The inner bay is usually calm, and is used as a port of refuge during typhoons. The maximum height the tsunami reached — a towering 66 feet (20 meters) — was seen west of the bay.
"Originally, this survey was not purely a scientific one, but was conducted to support tsunami-affected peoples," said researcher Kazuhisa Goto, a geologist at Tohoku University in Japan. "There were many floating pieces of debris, and we still had a threat of tsunami generation by aftershocks."
Research had revealed the tsunami had dramatic effects on Japan's coast, but it remained uncertain whether tsunamis in general could affect much deeper areas of the seafloor — for instance, by creating deep underwater dunes. [7 Craziest Ways Japan's Earthquake Affected Earth]
Now Goto and his colleagues find the 2011 tsunami did in fact generate large underwater dunes, the first direct evidence that tsunamis can rework sea bottom sediments.
"We hadn't expected the presence of such dunes," Goto told OurAmazingPlanet.
Tsunami deposits
The researchers scanned areas of the sandy, silty seafloor about 30 to 50 feet (10 to 15 m) deep. They found dunes up to 65 feet (20 m) long and 6 feet (1.8 m) high. No dunes were seen in the area in surveys of the seafloor before the 2011 tsunami.
"On land, thicknesses of the tsunami's deposits were usually only about 30 centimeters [12 inches], but on the shallow sea bottom, it was meter-scale," Goto said.
It remains difficult to say how many dunes the tsunami might have created.
"The tsunami wave current was very strong and I would not be surprised if dunes were formed across the entire bay, plus slightly deeper areas, but some of them may have been erased since then by normal post-tsunami wave activity," Goto said.
The fact that the tsunami drastically altered conditions on the seafloor should affect Japan's marine ecosystem. "Future monitoring of the marine ecosystem is highly required," Goto said.
Past tsunami evidence
These findings also suggest that geological evidence of past tsunamis may be well-preserved on the seafloor, helping shed light on how often an area might experience tsunamis in the future, and how powerful those killer waves might be.
Usually scientists look for such evidence on land, but in urban areas, such traces are often destroyed as people reshape the earth there, making it difficult to see what tsunami risks those cities might face, Goto explained.
"We may try to drill deeper in the dune field to find geological evidence of past tsunamis," Goto said.
This story was provided by OurAmazingPlanet, a sister site to LiveScience.
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By Ben Turner
By Ben Turner
By Harry Baker


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8 Worst Drugstore Hair Care ProductsSee which unlucky readers wasted money on these hairstyling flops so you can save yourself from the same mistakes |
Like hairsprays that turn your naturally wavy tresses into a helmet tough enough to house a mama bird and her three little ones; mousses that knot and tangle your strands instead of smoothing and adding shine; anti-frizz creams that make hair frizzier! You name it, we've seen and tried it. The hair care products on this list are so bad that we'd like to lock them up forever, but unfortunately it's not a criminal offense to sell bad hair care products (yet) so until then, check this list of eight hair care products to avoid when shopping at your local drugstore. Stick to it and you'll never waste your money on hair care products that make hair flat, frizzy, or smelling of bug spray again.
Image via Imaxtree
SEE NEXT PAGE: No. 8: Garnier Fructis Style Fiber Gum Putty, $3.99
Older comments
good to know i havent tried any of these
by aishak55 Sunday, December 16, 2012 at 08:55AM Report as inappropriate
Glad I never tried any of these. Thanks for the warning!
by robyne00 Tuesday, December 11, 2012 at 04:21PM Report as inappropriate
I haven't tried any of these!
by Chris213 Sunday, September 30, 2012 at 11:48AM Report as inappropriate
Happy to know that I don't have ONE of these products! Now I know what not to get next time I'm looking to add some new products to my hair regimen. Thanks!
by flirtygirl214 Friday, September 14, 2012 at 03:38PM Report as inappropriate
great to know what to avoid, thanks!
by sportimonki13 Saturday, March 31, 2012 at 09:27AM Report as inappropriate
I have never tried any of these items.
by msrayz10 Monday, March 26, 2012 at 04:04PM Report as inappropriate


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"not as good as I hoped"
I read many satisfied reviews for this product on another website before buying it. It is easy to use but it is useful to have one person feeding the dough in and the other trimming the pasta to the required length. The pasta comes out a lot thicker than I like it and not as silky as when you make the dough by hand and work it a lot before making the pasta by hand. Sadly this is the one attachment which has been banished to the back of the cupboard, though, it has made me revisit the traditional pasta maker I already had.
support_agent A note from the team
Thanks for taking the time to write your review. I'm sorry that the pasta attachment hasn't given you the results you'd of liked. I'll be in touch shortly to help.


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- Colon Cancer Under 50: Know Your Risks and How to Prevent It
- Young Workers' Injuries Rise After Recreational Marijuana Sales Made Legal
- How to Keep the 'Ozempic Effect' Going: Exercise
- Florida Surgeon General Defies CDC Guidance Amid School Measles Outbreak
- Poll Shows Strong Support Among Black Voters for Menthols Ban
- Is a 'Universal' Snake Venom Antidote Near?
- AI Outperforms Eye Docs in Managing Glaucoma
- Microplastics Found in Human Placentas
- 1 in 3 Trans Masculine People Taking Testosterone Can Still Ovulate: Study
- Food-Focused Toddlers at Higher Risk for Eating Disorders as Teens
Health Highlights: Jan. 7, 2014
Here are some of the latest health and medical news developments, compiled by the editors of HealthDay:
Supreme Court Refuses Groups' Request to Block Health Care Law
A request by two groups to block implementation of the new health care law has been denied by the U.S. Supreme Court.
On Monday, Chief Justice John Roberts refused an emergency stay request from the Association of American Physicians & Surgeons, Inc. and the Alliance for Natural Health USA, the Associated Press reported.
The groups asked the chief justice Friday to temporarily block the law. They said Congress had passed the law incorrectly by starting it in the Senate instead of the House. Revenue raising bills are supposed to originate in the House.
The two organizations also wanted the chief justice to block doctor registration rules they say will make it more difficult for independent non-Medicare doctors to treat Medicare-eligible patients, the AP reported.
A decision is still pending on a request by a group of nuns for a temporary block on the health care law's birth control coverage requirements.
Poorer Americans More Likely to Have Dangerously Low Blood Sugar at End of Month: Study
A new study finds that low-income Americans with diabetes are much more likely to be hospitalized for dangerously low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia) at the end of the month when their food budgets are depleted, compared with the start of the month.
There was no such end-of-the-month increase in hospitalizations for hypoglycemia among higher-income people with diabetes, according to the University of California, San Francisco study, The New York Times reported.
The analysis of data from more than two million people in California revealed that hospital admissions for hypoglycemia among low-income people with diabetes were 27 percent higher at the end of the month than at the beginning, according to the study published online Monday in the journal Health Affairs.
Hypoglycemia occurs when diabetes patients do have not have enough to eat, but continue taking their diabetes medications, The Times reported.
Congress is currently debating proposed legislation that includes the food stamp program for poor people. House Republicans want to cut spending on the program by $40 million, but Democrats oppose such a move.
Paralyzed Teen in Robotic Body Suit to Kick Ceremonial Ball at World Cup
The first ceremonial ball at this year's World cup in Brazil may be kicked by a paralyzed teenager wearing a brain-controlled robotic body suit.
The suit will help the teen to stand up from a wheelchair, walk to a soccer ball and kick it toward the goal. The kicker will be chosen from a group of 10 paraplegic male and female teens who are currently training for the event, ABC News reported.
The exoskeleton suit was created through an international nonprofit collaboration called The Walk Again Project, which was led by the Duke University Center for Neuroengineering. Electrodes in a helmet translate the wearer's thoughts into action.
Over the next few months, one teen and an alternate will be chosen for the World Cup ceremonial kick and begin their final training, suit lead designer Dr. Miguel Nicolelis told ABC News.
He noted that the ultimate goal of The Walk Again Project is to make wheelchairs obsolete.
"The World Cup kick will show the world we are getting very close to this kind of milestone," Nicolelis told ABC News. "Most people don't believe it is possible, but if all goes well, this will prove to them that we are closer than they realized."
Paleo Diet is Worst, DASH Diet is Best: Experts
The controversial Paleo Diet was last on the 2014 "Best Diets List" from U.S. News & World Report, while the DASH plan was named the best overall diet.
The Paleo Diet emphasizes consumption of lots of produce and animal protein, while avoiding sugar, grains, legumes and diary altogether. Another high-protein, low-carbohydrate approach called the Dukan diet tied the Paleo Diet in last place, CNN reported.
The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet was developed by the U.S. National Institute of Health for people with high blood pressure, but is also effective in reducing cholesterol and lowering the risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney stones and diabetes, according to the NIH.
Each year, U.S. News & World Report's asks experts to evaluate different diet plans and this year they rated 32 of the most popular ones. A top-ranked diet has to be fairly easy to follow, safe, nutritious, effective for weight loss and protective against heart disease and diabetes, CNN reported.
Just behind the DASH diet was the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Diet, also created by the NIH. Tied for third place were the Mayo Clinic Diet, the Mediterranean Diet and Weight Watchers.
Copyright © 2024 HealthDay. All rights reserved.


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Post-Apocalyptic Plumbing
This is an unnamed and extremely brief side quest offered up by the game. The first time you arrive in Megaton, early on in the game, you'll be able to undertake this side quest, and as long as you don't kill the character responsible for the side quest (a man named Walter), you can do it at anytime. There are only two requirements -- one is that you have to have a repair level of at least 30. The second is that you have to do this while Megaton still exists (so if you plan on blowing the place sky high for Burke with the city's undetonated nuclear bomb, do this first). Walter is the proprietor of Megaton's water treatment facility, located east of the entrance to the settlement (run up the steep steps and follow the linear pathway from there; it'll be the first building on your right). When you arrive, speak to the cranky Walter. He'll tell you, amongst other things, that the water pressure is down in town because of three leaks strewn around the city. He wants you to repair them.
Now, this side quest can be undertaken in literally two minutes, from front to back. All you have to know is the locations of the three leaks. All three leaks are rather obvious if you know where to look. The first is perhaps the easiest to find; head to the entrance into Megaton and run down the steep pathway to the lowest level of the settlement. The leak will be on your left. The second one is at the back end of the settlement on a virtually identical steep pathway that you will have to climb up. That particular leak will be on your right (there shouldn't be a pipe on your left whatsoever there).
The third leak is the hardest to find, but once you know where to look, it's a breeze to find. Head to the nuclear bomb at the center of the town and look up towards the Children of the Atom's building. To the right of it, you'll see a statue of an atom, complete with subatomic particles swirling around it (also in statue form). The leak is located near that statue, but to get there, you're going to have to climb to the buildings and catwalks far above the statue, so you can access it from above. It's the only way to jump to this location, thus making it the hardest leak to fix. But once it's fixed, all three of the leaks will be rectified (considering you went in the order we suggested). Head back to Walter and tell him about your good deed. In return, he'll offer to buy otherwise-worthless Scrap Metal from you for a pretty penny. Keep this guy in mind next time you find that seemingly-useless Scrap Metal. He wants it! You should also receive a couple hundred Bottle Caps for your trouble.


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None Shall Sleep by Ellie Marney is a beautiful novel for all fiction readers as it offers lots of unexpected twists, powerful characters, excellent story and fantastic entertainment of reading from the very first page till the last word. If you are interested in reading this novel, you can download its ePub, PDF, or Mobi formats just in a few clicks.
None Shall Sleep by Ellie Marney Summary
None Shall Sleep is a beautiful novel with a great story and impressive moral and social lesson for the readers of all ages. Ellie Marney is the author of this beautiful novel. No one can beat the excellent ability of author's writing, whenever there is a talk about great novel writing. This author has a very clear idea of how to write a great story and engage the reader in a great environment. This novel reflects the great writing skills of the author.
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No matter what you like in fiction and novels, this beautiful novel knows how to generates interest for readers and fall them in love. To cut the story short, if you are a fan of great fiction, we highly recommend you bag this novel without wasting a bit of moment. If you are an occasional reader of his work, then we urge you to grab a copy asap. It ranks with his best.
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- Book Title: None Shall Sleep
- Previous Books: Non
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text:
Filter results
Area of concern
- Abdomen (tummy)
- Anus (bottom)
- Back (spine)
- Brain and nerves
- Chest
- Drinking
- Ears
- Eating
- Emergency
- Eyes
- Female parts: vagina and uterus
- Head, face and neck
- Legs, paws and claws
- Male parts: penis, testicles and prostate
- Mammary glands (breasts)
- Mouth and Teeth
- Nose
- Pooing
- Skin and fur
- Sleeping
- Tail
- Vomiting
- Weeing
Alabama rot in dogs
Alabama rot is an extremely rare disease in the UK. It affects dogs by causing damage to the blood vessels in their skin and in some cases their kidneys.
Anal gland abscesses in dogs
Anal gland infections/abscesses are extremely painful and can burst through the skin if they aren't treated quickly. Contact your vet ASAP if you think your dog has an anal gland abscess.
Antibiotics for pets
Antibiotics treat infections caused by bacteria. They don't help with infections caused by other bugs such as viruses.
Antifreeze (ethylene glycol) poisoning
Antifreeze (ethylene glycol) is a very common poison in dogs and cats. It's a very toxic substance so even a small amount can do a lot of damage to several vital organs.
Arthritis in dogs
Arthritis (osteoarthritis) is a very common condition that causes painful, swollen joints.


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Stand up, all victims of oppression,
For the tyrants fear your might.
Don't cling so hard to your possessions,
For you have nothing if you have no rights.
Let racist ignorance be ended,
For respect makes the empires fall.
Freedom is merely privilege extended
Unless enjoyed by one and all,
So come brothers and sisters,
For the struggle carries on—
The Internationale
Unites the world in song.
So comrades, come rally,
For this is the time and place:
The international ideal
Unites the human race!
Let no one build walls to divide us,
Walls of hatred nor walls of stone.
Come greet the dawn and stand beside us,
We'll live together or we'll die alone.
In our world poisoned by exploitation,
Those who have taken, now they must give,
And end the vanity of nations.
We've but one Earth on which to live!
And so begins the final drama,
In the streets and in the fields.
We stand unbowed before their armor,
We defy their guns and shields.
When we fight, provoked by their aggression,
Let us be inspired by like and love,
For though they offer us concessions,
Change will not come from above!


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Demi Moore film 'Ghost' may be adapted as a TV show
The classic supernatural romance movie Ghost left behind a legacy that includes floods of tears and endless parodies of that "Unchained Melody" pottery scene. Despite its chick-flick stigma, Ghost is a extremely memorable movie that struck just the right balance between Sam Wheat's (Patrick Swayze) comedic banter with psychic Oda Mae Brown (Whoopi Goldberg) and his romance with Molly (Demi Moore), which is tragically cut short after his demise at the hands of a mugger.
With a movie as perennially popular as Ghost, an eventual remake seemed more or less inevitable, especially since the original movie remains the second highest-grossing romantic drama of all time, beaten out of the top spot only by Titanic. Currently, however, the most popular home for ghosts, ghouls, vampires, werewolves, witches and all other breeds of supernatural creatures is on TV rather than in movies, with shows like The Walking Dead, Teen Wolf and American Horror Storydominating the airwaves.
With that in mind, it's not too surprising that Ghost is apparently now headed to the small screen. THR reportsat th Oscar-winning writer/director Akiva Goldsman (A Beautiful Mind) and veteran TV writer Jeff Pinkner (Alias) have been tapped by Paramount TV to co-write a pilot for a TV series based on Ghost. Pinkner and Goldsman have previously worked together as both producers and writers on the Fox sci-fi dramaFringe.
But a commission for a pilot, especially one without penalties, is no guarantee of a full series commission. Paramount TV also recently made a TV pilot based on theBeverly Hills Cop series, which co-starred Eddie Murphy in a reprisal of his Axel Foley role and Brand T. Jackson as his son, Aaron Foley, but CBS ultimately passed on it and it was subsequently turned down by other networks as well.
That said, there's no reason that a Ghost TV show couldn't work, especially with a dynamic as rich as that of a psychic and a ghost. Since much of Ghost's plot revolved around solving the mystery of Sam's supposedly random murder, Goldsman and Pinkner could focus on the detective aspects and come up with something similar to the British private eye show Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased). This would leave plenty of room for a romance plot but would also give the writers something to shape the episodes around.
Then again, perhaps I'm just yearning for another Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)reboot.
H. Shaw-Williams blogs at Screen Rant.


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Researchers at the California Institute of Technology have developed a novel way to churn out large quantities of drugs, including antiplaque toothpaste additives, antibiotics, nicotine, and even morphine, using mini biofactories–in yeast.
A paper describing the research, now available online, will be featured as the cover article of the September issue of Nature Chemical Biology.
Christina D. Smolke, an assistant professor of chemical engineering at Caltech, along with graduate student Kristy Hawkins, genetically modified common baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) so that it contained the genes for several plant enzymes. The enzymes allow the yeast to produce a chemical called reticuline, which is a precursor for many different classes of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) molecules. The BIA molecules are a large group of chemically intricate compounds, such as morphine, nicotine, and codeine, which are naturally produced by plants.
BIA molecules exhibit a wide variety of pharmacological activities, including antispasmodic effects, pain relief, and hair growth acceleration. Other BIAs have shown anticancer, antioxidant, antimalarial, and anti-HIV potential.
"There are estimated to be thousands of members in the BIA family, and having a source for obtaining large quantities of specific BIA molecules is critical to gaining access to the diverse functional activities provided by these molecules," says Smolke, whose lab focuses on using biology as a technology for the synthesis of new chemicals, materials, and products. However, the natural plant sources of BIAs accumulate only a small number of the molecules, usually "end products" like morphine and codeine that, while valuable, can't be turned into other compounds, thus limiting the availability of useful new products.
To their reticuline-producing yeast, Smolke and Hawkins added the genes for other enzymes, from both plants and humans, which allowed the yeast to efficiently generate large quantities of the precursors for sanguinarine, a toothpaste additive with antiplaque properties; berberine, an antibiotic; and morphine.
The researchers are now in the process of engineering their yeast so that they will turn these precursor molecules into the final, pharmacologically useful molecules. "But even the intermediate molecules that we are producing can exhibit important and valuable activities, and a related area of research will be to examine more closely the pharmacological activities of these metabolites and derivatives now that pure sources can be obtained," says Smolke, who estimates that her system could be used for the large-scale manufacture of BIA compounds in one to three years.
Smolke and Hawkins also plan to extend their research to the production of BIAs that don't normally exist in nature.
"If one thinks of these molecules as encoding functions that are of interest to us, the ability to produce nonnatural alkaloids will provide access to more diverse functions and activities. By expanding to nonnatural alkaloids, we can search for molecules that provide enhanced activities, new activities, and not be limited by the activities that have been selected for in nature," says Smolke.
"Our work has the potential to result in new therapeutic drugs for a broad range of diseases. This work also provides an exciting example of the increased complexity with which we are engineering biological systems to address global societal challenges," she says.


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This article is more than 1 year old
Facebook litters Timeline with apps
Facebook may be slowly tip-toeing its way gently around cry babies who have yet to turn their profiles into scrapbooks for their "friends" via the new Timeline feature. But the dominant social network has a new tactic up its sleeve: the company is trying to entice more people into its "frictionless sharing" playpen with the arrival of apps.
Facebook's so-called "open graph" service has initially involved a deal with 60 partners including Ticketmaster, Rotten Tomatoes and TripAdvisor, which allows users on the network to share what they're doing outside of Mark Zuckerberg's vacuum-packed silo.
It's part of a growing trend among the likes of Google, Facebook and others to make their online estates that little bit more sticky.
Ad revenues are the obvious end goal here, a potentially sweet side-effect is that Facebook can begin to bill itself as more of an entertainment portal.
"Soon, there will be apps for all types of interests, as more apps will launch over time. Whether you love snowboarding, gardening, hiking, or knitting, or something else, there will be an app for you," Facebook's Carl Sjogreen said.
"Timeline apps are for the activities you want to share with friends. You choose when to add an app, and you decide who can see it. After you've added an app, you can always remove posts directly from timeline, and you can also edit your settings from your personal Activity Log." ®


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Home Page Chess Life Online 2009 July U.S. Chess School Comes to the Marshall: Part II
U.S. Chess School Comes to the Marshall: Part II |
By Elizabeth Vicary | |
July 31, 2009 | |
Part II of Elizabeth Vicary's article on the 9th U.S. Chess School gives readers a glimpse into the session's chess training. Read Part I for bios of all 12 USCS participants. The US Chess School is a nonprofit venture, the mission of which is to help the most talented young American chessplayers by organizing free week-long training sessions with top grandmaster coaches. Three sessions are held every year; locations, trainers, students, and age groups vary. The ninth incarnation took place at the Marshall Chess Club in NYC, July 8-12, 2009. The students were aged 9-12 and rated between 1850 and 2100; GM Alex Onischuk and IM Greg Shahade taught. This program was made possible through the generous sponsorship of Jim Roberts, in conjunction with the AF4C, the hard work of organizer Greg Shahade, and the kind hospitality of the Marshall Chess Club. It's a truism that looking at your games, especially your losses, is the best way to improve. At past US Chess Schools, students have been asked to bring an annotated game to share with the group. This time, Greg had students play a training game against each other on the first day, and we used these games, rather than older ones, for group analysis. Greg debuted as a USCS instructor by leading most of these lessons, and I recreate two of them below. My notes are not comprehensive (I couldn't write that fast), but I tried to show what I enjoyed most about the discussions: Greg's emphasis on comprehensible, memorable ideas rather than long lines of analysis. He,Tommy - Wu,Christopher [B92] US Chess School 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 The Najdorf is a very popular opening for black. White has an "unbelievable" number of choices here. Greg asked the class to name some of the more common moves and to describe the plans associated with them. 1. 6. Be2 This move is less tactical than the others. After 6.... e6, white usually continues Be3, 0-0, f4, Qe1/d2, Bf3, Rad1. 2. 6. Be3 A more aggressive move. One popular set-up is the English Attack: white continues f3, Qd2, 0-0-0, with the idea of attacking with g4-g5, h4-h5, and eventually g6. 3. 6. Bc4 Bobby Fischer's favorite: the Sozin. The bishop attacks f7 and later e6. One idea for white here is that after some typical moves like 6...e6 7. 0-0 Be7 8. Be3 Nbd7, he/she can play a standard piece sacrifice: 9. Bxe6 fxe6 10. Nxe6 Qb6/a5 11. Nxg7. The knight generally comes back to f5. White already has three pawns for the piece and a strong medium-term attack on black's king. 4. 6. Bg5 This leads to a very famous line called the Poisoned Pawn: 6... e6 7. f4 Qb6 8. Qd2 Qxb2. 5. 6. f4 American Grandmaster Josh Friedel plays this move. Most games continue 6... e5 7. Nf3. 6. 6. g3. A more positional line: white intends Bg2 and 0-0. 7. 6. h3. This move has become popular recently, and it's a more aggressive way to fianchetto: the idea is g4 and Bg2. 8. 6. a4 This positional move gains space on the queenside and makes it hard for black to play ....b5. 9. 6. Qf3 was recently played by Nigel Short against the 15 year old Swedish GM Nils Grandelius. Greg comments on the game in a video here. 10. 6. Rg1. This move, invented by GM Alex Shabalov, was new to the class. They had seen all the previous moves, but when Greg insisted they were missing one important variation, it took them at least 10 ridiculous guesses (6. b3? 6. Rb1? 6. Qd3?) before they lucked onto this move. Its idea is the brutal g4-g5. 6.Be2 e5 7.Nb3 Be7 8.0-0 0-0 9.Be3 Be6 Greg: If White plays 10. Nd5, can Black take on e4? Answer: White has a typical trick: 11. Bb6 and 12. Nc7, winning the exchange. (Interestingly, Fritz thinks Black has compensation (a central pawn and time) for the material--EV) 10.Bf3 b5 10...Nbd7 11.a3 "I have a general feeling in the Sicilian that if you play a3, it's not so good for you." Greg [11.a4! b4 12.Nd5 Bxd5 13.exd5 a5 14.c4] 11...Nbd7 12.g3 "If you wanted to play g3, you should have done it right away, with the bishop still on f1." Alex 12...Rc8 13.Bg2 Nb6 Greg: What's the idea of ...Nb6? Answer: Nc4 14.Nd2 Qc7 15.h3 Rfd8 16.f4 d5 Greg: What are some reasons why this move might make a lot of sense for Black? Answer: 1. Because Black's development is better. 2. Black's rook on d8 opposes the white queen on d1. 3. Because of where white's bishop (e3) and knight (c3) are. (Black threatens the fork ...d4) 4. It increases the scope of the Be7. 17.fxe5 Nc4? An interesting idea that doesn't work tactically. Instead Black should have played 17...d4! 18.exf6 dxe3 19.fxe7 Rxd2 or 17...Bc5 18.Bxc5 Qxc5+ 19.Kh1 Nxe4. 18.Nxc4? White should simply take: 18.exf6! Nxe3 19.fxe7 Nxd1 20.exd8Q+ Rxd8 21.Raxd1 Qxg3 (21...d4 22.Nd5 Qxc2 23.Nf3 Bxd5 24.exd5 Qxb2 25.Nxd4) 22.Rf3 Qg6 (22...Qe5 23.exd5 Bxd5? 24.Rd3+-) 23.Nb3± With two pieces and a rook for the queen, White is doing well here. 18...dxc4 19.Qf3 Qxe5 Greg: What's the best piece to put in front of an isolated pawn? class: a knight Greg: Chris played Qxe5 very quickly. What else could he have considered? class: ...Nd7 and ....Nxe5 Greg: Right. Maybe this is not better, the centralized queen looks strong, and after 19...Nd7, black needs to wonder if 20. Nd5 is dangerous, but it definitely needs to be considered. 20.Kh1 Nh5 21.Bf4 Nxf4 22.gxf4 Qc5 23.Qg3 Greg: What is White threatening here? Answer: f5-f6 Greg: Black chose a good, multi-purpose move Bd7, which removes the bishop from the threatened attack and prepares to reroute it to c6. But what else could he have done? 23...Bd7 Answer: 23...Rd2! solving the problem in the most active, tactical way 24.f5? Bd6 25.Qh4 (or 25.e5 Bxe5 26.Qg5 hitting the rook and threatening fxe6 26...Bxc3 27.bxc3 now White's f pawn is pinned across the fifth rank and Black can choose between 27...Rxc2 and(27...Rcd8) ) 25...Qe5 forcing White to give up material on f4 to avoid checkmate. 24.Rae1 Qh5 25.Rd1 Qh4 26.Qf3 26.Qxh4!? Bxh4 27.Kh2 26...Bc6 27.Qe3 Ba8 28.Qb6 Rxd1 29.Nxd1? 29.Rxd1 Qxf4 30.Qxa6 29...Bxe4 We stopped looking at the game here-Chris is clearly winning and the game was played very quickly from this point on. Chiang,Jonathan - Williams,Justus [B76] US Chess School 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 g6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Bg7 5.Nc3 Nc6 6.Be3 Nf6 7.f3 0-0 8.Qd2 d6 9.0-0-0 Bd7 10.g4 Greg: What would be a normal idea for Black here? A student suggests the standard plan of Rc8 and Ne4-c5, and Greg agrees, but points out that this is not as good here because White hasn't spent two tempi on Bc4-b3. 10...Nxd4 11.Bxd4 Qa5 12.Kb1 Rfc8 13.h4 Be6 14.a3 Greg: What's a possible problem with this move? Answer: It invites b5-b4. 14...b5 15.Nxb5 Qd8 16.h5 a6 17.Nc3 Rab8 Greg: What's the idea behind this move? Answer: Qa5xa3 18.Ka1 Greg: What's the idea of Ka1? Answer: To clear the b1 square for a defending rook. 18...Rc7 19.h6?! Greg: Why is this probably the wrong idea? Answer: It keeps the h-file closed. 19...Bh8 20.g5 Ne8 21.Bxh8 Kxh8 22.Qd4+ Kg8 23.f4 23.Bxa6! looks scary because it opens another file, but it prevents the very dangerous ...Rcb7 and Ra7 is not possible because the White queen guards that square. 23...Rcb7 24.Rb1 Qa5 Greg: What is Black threatening here? Answer: Let's say White plays 25. f5, for example. It seemed at first that 25... Rxb2 was winning after 26. Rxb2 Qxa3+ 27. Na2 Bxa2. But White has an incredible resource here (something Justus had seen during the game!). White wins with 28. Qg7+!! Nxg7 29. Rxb8 Ne8 30. Rxe8#. So Black has to play 25...Rb4 first. If the queen moves, Rxb2 works, so White has to take on b4, take on e6, and hope to survive. White's best moves here are Nd5 or Bc4. 25.Na2 25.f5 Rxb2 (25...Rb4 26.Qe3 (26.Qd3 Rxb2 27.Rxb2 Qxa3+; 26.Qxb4 Rxb4 27.fxe6 fxe6) 26...Rxb2 27.Rxb2 Qxa3+) 26.Rxb2 Qxa3+ 27.Na2 Bxa2?? 28.Qg7+!!; 25.Nd5! Bxd5 26.exd5 Rb4 27.Qe3 Qa4 28.Rh2 Rxf4 (28...Re4 29.Qa7) 29.Qxe7; 25.Bc4 Rb4 (25...Bxc4 26.Qxc4 Nc7) 25...Qxa3 25...Rxb2! is less flashy, but better. Black picks up a string of pawns: 26.Qxb2 Rxb2 27.Kxb2 Qb6+ 28.Ka1 Qd4+ 29.c3 Qd2 30.Rb2 Qd1+ 31.Rb1 Qc2 32.Rb2 Qxe4 33.Bg2 Qa4 34.Re1 Qxa3-+ 26.Bc4 Qa5 27.Bxe6 fxe6 28.f5 Rb4 29.Qc3 Ra4 30.Qxa5 Rxa5 31.fxg6 Rxg5 32.gxh7+ Kxh7 33.Rbf1 Nf6 34.Nc3 Rbg8 35.Ne2 e5 36.Nc3 R8g6 37.Nd5 Nxe4 Greg: Should White play Rf7 before taking on e7? What difference will it make? 38.Nxe7 Answer: White should have thrown in this check, since after 38.Rf7+ Kh8 39.Nxe7 Rf6 40.Rxf6 Nxf6 the Black king is worse on h8 than h7. 38...Rf6 39.Rxf6 Nxf6 40.Nc8 d5 41.Ne7 e4 42.Rf1 Ng8 43.Rf5 Greg: Is trading rooks a good idea for White, or not? Answer: It's a bad idea, because knight endgames are hardest to draw. Rook vs rook or r+n vs r+n both give White better chances. 43...Rxf5 44.Nxf5 Nxh6 45.Ne7 45.Nd4 looks like a better chance to just try and hold tight. Randomly attacking the pawns only helped Black. 45...d4 46.Nc6 Nf5 47.Kb1 Kg7 48.Kc1 Kf6 49.Nb4 a5 50.Nc6 a4 51.Kd2 Ke6 52.c3 Kd5 53.Nb4+ Kc4 54.Nc2 e3+ 55.Ke1 d3 0-1 Alex Onischuk's curriculum included lessons on perseverance, bishop vs. knight endgames, open vs. closed positions, and the two bishops. (I am sorry to only have notes on one game: my own summer school teaching job kept me away each day until the afternoons, so I missed the majority of these substantial lessons.) Eljanov-Karjakin was one of my favorites: a great example of how to think in closed positions. Eljanov,Pavel (2641) - Karjakin,Sergey (2635) [D11] EU-ch 6th Warsaw (11), 29.06.2005 1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.c4 c6 4.e3 a6 5.Qc2 Bg4 6.Nbd2 e6 7.Bd3 Nbd7 8.c5 Bxf3 9.Nxf3 g6 10.b4 Bg7 11.Bb2 0-0 12.h3 Qc7 13.Bc3 Ne8 14.Qb2 b6 15.0-0 a5 16.a3 a4 17.Rac1 b5 18.Ne5 f6 19.Nf3 f5 20.Ng5 Rf6 21.f4 Qd8 22.g4 Qe7 23.Nf3 Rf8 Alex started with the simple question, "Who is better here?" At first, a few students preferred Black. Then someone pointed out that White could play g4-g5, after which Black is stuck: there are no pawn breaks, no sacrifices, nothing at all to do. (...h7-h6 only opens the h-file, since White can reply h3-h4) In Onischuk's words "If I play g4-g5, how could I possibly lose?" So the class agreed that White could not be worse, and so was at least equal and probably better. The next question was what to do? Their ideas: 1. Attack on the kingside. The move g4-g5, Alex explained, while completely safe, also reduces White's winning chances. It's better to keep the pawn on g4 and just push h5. This way you can open two files (g and h, rather than just the h). 2. Someone suggested White might play Qe2, preparing a bishop sacrifice on b5, and Onischuk agreed that this could be dangerous. 3. White could also try activating the dark bishop with Be1-h4. Alex wasn't as excited about this plan, because he felt the Bg7 is an equally terrible piece. 24.Ne5 Onischuk asked the class "Black will take this knight; it is too good of a piece not to. Should he capture with the knight or bishop?" Eleven students quickly decided Black should take with the bishop. Just one opts for the knight, and Onischuk joked with the last hold-out, "I know, I know, bishops are always better than knights, but maybe in this position...." If White takes, 24.gxf5 Black should recapture 24...gxf5! when he can put his king on h8 and use the g file,(and not 24...exf5?! because of 25.Kh2 with the idea of Rg1 and h4-h5, when Black's g pawn becomes a target. White can't play 24.h4 yet because of 24...Nef6 so he starts with 24. Ne5. White should have some mixed feelings about Ne5: he would prefer not to trade off this last knight, because it could be very useful in helping the attack to break through, on the other hand, when Black captures, White controls the f6 square with a pawn. 24...Bxe5 Onischuk: Which pawn should White recapture with? 25.dxe5 A student suggests an idea for White: Rd1, Qe2, and e4, trying to use pressure against the Nd7 to open the position. [If 25.fxe5 then Black could play ...Ng7, ...fxe4, and trade rooks. Because White has more space and is attacking, trades will ease the pressure on Black.] 25...Ng7 26.Qg2 Alex: "So White can open the kingside: h4-h5 is coming. What could Black do about that?" The first hand up was Justus Williams, who suggested Black should run: "Kf7, Rfh8, Rag8, and Ke8." Onischuk agreed, but points out that the earlier plan of Qe2 and Bxb5 will be very strong with the Black king on e8 and the rooks on the kingside, where they will be unable to fight White's advancing queenside pawns. 26...Kf7 27.Kf2 Ke8 28.Ke2 Kd8 Onischuk: This is a very important moment. What should White do? 29.gxf5! White captures now, before Black can defend with ...Rb8 29...exf5 After 29...gxf5 Black's position is really unpleasant; the knights are clumsy and have nowhere to go. White can slowly build up on the kingside with Rg1, maybe play Qf3, double rooks on the g-file, and activate the bishop with Be1. Black has no counterplay. After 29...Nxf5 Onischuk originally suggested the plan of Rh1, Rg1, and h4, trying to win the g6 pawn. A student then asked about 30. e4, and the group slowly figured out the following variation: 30.e4 Ng7 31.exd5 exd5 32.Bxb5 cxb5 33.Qxd5 Rc8 34.c6 Qe6 35.Qxe6 Nxe6 36.cxd7 Kxd7 and Black is fine, the group decided. I enjoyed seeing the analytical process at work: there were many false starts and corrections made in the course of arriving at this line, but everyone seemed to participate in finding the problems and fixing them. For example, Kayden suggested an improvement: 34. Rcd1 Ke8 35. Qb7, and Alex agreed ("yeah, dangerous"), although wondered if 34... Qe6!? might be ok for Black. Someone else then pointed out that the entire line could be prepared earlier-- that after 30... Ng7, White can play Rd1 and Black can't really stop the sacrifice on b5. 30.Bxb5 cxb5 31.Qxd5 Rc8 32.c6 Qe6 33.Qxd7+ Qxd7 34.cxd7 Kxd7 35.Rfd1+ Ke7 36.Bd4 Ne6 36...Ke6? 37.Bc5 Rfd8 38.Rxd8 Rxd8 39.Bd6 and Rd7 37.Bc5+ Nxc5 Alex asked if White should recapture with the rook or pawn. After some discussion, the group agreed that both are pretty good. 38.bxc5 Black has two weaknesses here: h7 and b5. 38...Rc7 39.Rd5 39.Rd6 is also good; the idea is to play c6 and then bring the king to d5. 39...Rb8 40.Rb1 Ke6 41.Rd6+ Ke7 42.Rb6 Rbc8 43.R1xb5 Rxc5 44.Rxc5 Rxc5 45.Rb7+ Kf8 46.Kd3 h5 47.Kd4 Rc6 48.Ra7 Rc1 49.e6 Re1 50.Ke5 1-0 Lastly, two of the "funnier" studies: Every US Chess School features a blitz tournament, and this one was massive: a 16-player round robin that lasted over three hours. In addition to the 12 regular students (Luke's older brother Carl substituted for Joshua Colas, who had a prior engagement), two local guest students (James Black and Miguel Garcia) played, plus each player had two byes: one for a personal evaluation with Alex Onischuk and the other for an interview with me. The first and second place finishers, Michael Bodek and Kayden Troff, won the right to play a two-game blitz match against Alex Onischuk and Greg Shahade (respectively). Photo Gallery Look for updates on the 10th U.S. Chess School, the first All-Girls USCS, set for August 11-15. |


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