text:
Participating Organization(s) |
National Institutes of Health (NIH) |
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) |
Funding Opportunity Title |
Environmental Influences on the Microbiome (R21) |
Activity Code |
R21 Exploratory/Developmental Research Grant Award |
Announcement Type |
New |
Related Notices |
Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) Number |
Companion Funding Opportunity |
None |
Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) Number(s) |
93.113 |
Funding Opportunity Purpose |
This funding opportunity announcement is intended to encourage research aimed at investigating how environmental exposures impact the composition and/or function of the microbiome. Applicants may propose to use wild-type or humanized gnotobiotic model organisms or existing human cohorts to investigate how exposure to environmental chemicals affects the microbiome in both the short and the long term. Early life exposures are of particular interest, as these occur during the initial colonization of the microbiota and may permanently affect its potential. |
Posted Date |
August 28, 2012 |
Open Date (Earliest Submission Date) |
December 14, 2012 |
Letter of Intent Due Date |
December 14, 2012 |
Application Due Date(s) |
January 16, 2013, by 5:00 PM local time of applicant organization. |
AIDS Application Due Date(s) |
Not Applicable. |
Scientific Merit Review |
June 2013 |
Advisory Council Review |
October 2013 |
Earliest Start Date(s) |
December 2013 |
Expiration Date |
January 17, 2013 |
Due Dates for E.O. 12372 |
Not Applicable. |
Required Application Instructions
It is critical that applicants follow the instructions in the SF 424 (R&R) Application Guide, except where instructed to do otherwise (in this FOA or in a Notice from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts). Conformance to all requirements (both in the Application Guide and the FOA) is required and strictly enforced. Applicants must read and follow all application instructions in the Application Guide as well as any program-specific instructions noted in Section IV. When the program-specific instructions deviate from those in the Application Guide, follow the program-specific instructions. Applications that do not comply with these instructions may be delayed or not accepted for review.
Part 1. Overview Information
Part 2. Full Text of the Announcement
Section I. Funding Opportunity Description
Section II. Award Information
Section III. Eligibility Information
Section IV. Application and Submission
Section V. Application Review Information
Section VI. Award Administration Information
Section VII. Agency Contacts
Section VIII. Other Information
The fact that the microbiome is so readily affected by external factors suggests that it may also be influenced by a number of other environmental insults, including exposure to environmental chemicals. This is particularly intriguing because the microbiome is established during the first few years of life, a time also known to be highly sensitive to the effects of exposure (i.e. the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, or DOHaD paradigm). This idea, coupled with the known role of the microbiota in presystemic transformation of certain environmental toxicants, such as arsenic and other metalloids, suggests a number of intriguing possibilities relevant to environmental health, including: a) perturbation of the microbiome by environmental chemicals, particularly during the first year of life, could result in permanent functional changes that lead to disease later in life; b) differences in composition of microbiota among individuals could contribute to population variation in susceptibility to environmental chemicals; and c) the microbiome may contribute to presystemic metabolism of many more compounds than have currently been identified, having a significant impact on the ultimate internal dose received. Gaining a better understanding of the complex relationship between microbiota and environment may explain why some individuals are more susceptible to environmental exposures than others, and could completely revolutionize the way we currently think about toxicity testing. This FOA represents the first step in a larger program aimed at investigating the interaction between the microbiome and environmental toxicants, and ultimately, how these interact to cause environmentally induced disease. NIEHS expects that additional opportunities will be available in future years to support research into the relationship between environmental chemicals and the microbiome, and how these may interact to contribute to human disease.
Objectives: This FOA is intended to encourage exploratory research aimed at investigating how exposure to environmental toxicants influences the composition and/or function of the microbiome. Investigators may propose to use wild-type or humanized gnotobiotic model organisms for these studies, and should focus on effects on the gut, skin, or lung microbiota. Preliminary studies in human cohorts will also be considered, although this FOA will not support recruitment of subjects - cohorts must be pre-existing and supported via other mechanisms. Proposed studies must include an exposure to an environmentally relevant toxicant. Examples of environmentally relevant toxicants include industrial chemicals or manufacturing byproducts, metals, pesticides, herbicides, air pollutants and other inhaled toxicants, particulates or fibers, and fungal/bacterial or biologically derived toxins. It is anticipated that proposed research teams will include individuals with relevant expertise in the environmental health sciences, as well as in microbiome research.
Areas of particular interest include, but are not limited to:
Note: Dietary (including probiotics, breast milk and infant formula) or pharmaceutical exposures are not relevant to the mission of NIEHS. Applications focusing solely on these types of factors will not be considered responsive to the FOA, and will be returned without review.
Funding Instrument |
Grant |
Application Types Allowed |
New |
Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards |
NIEHS intends to commit $2 million in FY 2013 and expects to fund 6-7 awards. |
Award Budget |
Applicants may request up to $200,000 in direct costs per year. |
Award Project Period |
Scope of the proposed project should determine the project period. The maximum project period is 3 years. |
NIH grants policies as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement will apply to the applications submitted and awards made in response to this FOA.
Higher Education Institutions
The following types of Higher Education Institutions are always encouraged to apply for NIH support as Public or Private Institutions of Higher Education:
Nonprofits Other Than Institutions of Higher Education
For-Profit Organizations
Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entities (Foreign Institutions) are
not eligible to apply.
Non-domestic (non-U.S.) components of U.S. Organizations are not eligible to apply.
Foreign components, as defined in the NIH Grants Policy Statement, are allowed.
Applicant organizations must complete the following registrations
as described in the SF 424 (R&R) Application Guide to be eligible to apply
for or receive an award. Applicants must have a valid Dun and Bradstreet
Universal Numbering System (DUNS) number in order to begin each of the following
All Program Director(s)/Principal Investigator(s) (PD(s)/PI(s))
must also work with their institutional officials to register with the eRA
Commons or ensure their existing eRA Commons account is affiliated with the eRA
Commons account of the applicant organization.
All registrations must be completed by the application due date. Applicant
organizations are strongly encouraged to start the registration process at
least 4-6 weeks prior to the application due date.
Any individual(s) with the skills, knowledge, and resources
necessary to carry out the proposed research as the Program Director(s)/Principal
Investigator(s) (PD(s)/PI(s)) is invited to work with his/her organization to
develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial
and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always
encouraged to apply for NIH support.
For institutions/organizations proposing multiple PD(s)/PI(s), visit the Multiple
Program Director(s)/Principal Investigator(s) Policy and submission details in
the Senior/Key Person Profile (Expanded) Component of the SF 424 (R&R)
Application Guide.
This FOA does not require cost sharing as defined in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
Applicant organizations may submit more than one application, provided that each application is scientifically distinct.
NIH will not accept any application in response to this FOA that is essentially the same as one currently pending initial peer review unless the applicant withdraws the pending application. NIH will not accept any application that is essentially the same as one already reviewed.
Applicants must download the SF424 (R&R) application package associated with this funding opportunity using the Apply for Grant Electronically button in this FOA or following the directions provided at Grants.gov.
It is critical that applicants follow the instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide, except where instructed in this funding opportunity announcement to do otherwise. Conformance to the requirements in the Application Guide is required and strictly enforced. Applications that are out of compliance with these instructions may be delayed or not accepted for review.
For information on Application Submission and Receipt, visit Frequently Asked Questions Application Guide, Electronic Submission of Grant Applications.
Although a letter of intent is not required, is not binding, and does not enter into the review of a subsequent application, the information that it contains allows IC staff to estimate the potential review workload and plan the review.
By the date listed in Part 1. Overview Information, prospective applicants are asked to submit a letter of intent that includes the following information:
The letter of intent should be sent to:
Janice B. Allen, Ph.D.
Scientific Review Officer
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Division of Extramural Research and Training
P.O. Box 12233; Mail drop K3-03
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233
For Courier delivery:
530 Davis Drive, Room 3080
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233
Telephone: 919-541-7556
Fax: 919-316-4606
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
The forms package associated with this FOA includes all applicable components, mandatory and optional. Please note that some components marked optional in the application package are required for submission of applications for this FOA. Follow all instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide to ensure you complete all appropriate optional components.
All page limitations described in the SF424 Application Guide and the Table of Page Limits must be followed.
All instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide must be followed, with the following additional instructions:
Resource Sharing Plan
Individuals are required to comply with the instructions for the Resource Sharing Plans (Data Sharing Plan, Sharing Model Organisms, and Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS)) as provided in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.
Do not use the Appendix to circumvent page limits. Follow all instructions for the Appendix as described in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.
Part I. Overview Information contains information about Key Dates. Applicants are encouraged to submit in advance of the deadline to ensure they have time to make any application corrections that might be necessary for successful submission.
Organizations must submit applications via Grants.gov, the online portal to find and apply for grants across all Federal agencies. Applicants must then complete the submission process by tracking the status of the application in the eRA Commons, NIH's electronic system for grants administration.
Applicants are responsible for viewing their application in the eRA Commons to ensure accurate and successful submission.
Information on the submission process and a definition of on-time submission are provided in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.
This initiative is not subject to intergovernmental review.
All NIH awards are subject to the terms and conditions, cost principles, and other considerations described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
Pre-award costs are allowable only as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
Applications must be submitted electronically following the instructions described in the SF 424 (R&R) Application Guide. Paper applications will not be accepted.
Applicants must complete all required registrations before the application due date. Section III. Eligibility Information contains information about registration.
For assistance with your electronic application or for more information on the electronic submission process, visit Applying Electronically.
All PD(s)/PI(s) must include their eRA Commons ID in the
Credential field of the Senior/Key Person Profile Component of the SF
424(R&R) Application Package. Failure to register in the Commons and
to include a valid PD/PI Commons ID in the credential field will prevent the
successful submission of an electronic application to NIH.
The applicant organization must ensure that the DUNS number it provides on the
application is the same number used in the organization's profile in the eRA
Commons and for the Central Contractor Registration (CCR). Additional
information may be found in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.
See more
tips for avoiding common errors.
Upon receipt, applications will be evaluated for completeness by the Center for Scientific Review and responsiveness by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH. Applications that are incomplete and/or nonresponsive will not be reviewed.
Investigators funded under this FOA will be part of a larger NIEHS program on microbiome/environment interactions. The PD/PI will be expected to participate in annual grantee meetings. Other personnel associated with the project may also participate.
In general, grantee meetings will be held via webinar, but one meeting will be held at or near NIEHS, in Research Triangle Park, NC. Funds for the PD/PI to travel to this meeting should be included in the budget request.
Applicants are required to follow the instructions for post-submission materials, as described in NOT-OD-10-115.
Only the review criteria described below will be considered in the review process. As part of the NIH mission, all applications submitted to the NIH in support of biomedical and behavioral research are evaluated for scientific and technical merit through the NIH peer review system.
For this particular announcement, note the following:
The R21 exploratory/developmental grant supports investigation of novel scientific ideas or new model systems, tools, or technologies that have the potential for significant impact on biomedical or biobehavioral research. An R21 grant application need not have extensive background material or preliminary information. Accordingly, reviewers will focus their evaluation on the conceptual framework, the level of innovation, and the potential to significantly advance our knowledge or understanding. Appropriate justification for the proposed work can be provided through literature citations, data from other sources, or, when available, from investigator-generated data. Preliminary data are not required for R21 applications; however, they may be included if available.
Reviewers will provide an overall impact/priority score to reflect their assessment of the likelihood for the project to exert a sustained, powerful influence on the research field(s) involved, in consideration of the following review criteria and additional review criteria (as applicable for the project proposed).
Reviewers will consider each of the review criteria below in the determination of scientific merit, and give a separate score for each. An application does not need to be strong in all categories to be judged likely to have major scientific impact. For example, a project that by its nature is not innovative may be essential to advance a field.
Does the project address an important problem or a critical barrier to progress in the field? If the aims of the project are achieved, how will scientific knowledge, technical capability, and/or clinical practice be improved? How will successful completion of the aims change the concepts, methods, technologies, treatments, services, or preventative interventions that drive this field?
Are the PD(s)/PI(s), collaborators, and other researchers well suited to the project? If Early Stage Investigators or New Investigators, or in the early stages of independent careers, do they have appropriate experience and training? If established, have they demonstrated an ongoing record of accomplishments that have advanced their field(s)? If the project is collaborative or multi-PD(s)/PI(s), do the investigators have complementary and integrated expertise; are their leadership approach, governance and organizational structure appropriate for the project? Does the team assembled have adequate expertise with regard to environmental exposures in model organisms?
Does the application challenge and seek to shift current research or clinical practice paradigms by utilizing novel theoretical concepts, approaches or methodologies, instrumentation, or interventions? Are the concepts, approaches or methodologies, instrumentation, or interventions novel to one field of research or novel in a broad sense? Is a refinement, improvement, or new application of theoretical concepts, approaches or methodologies, instrumentation, or interventions proposed?
Are the overall strategy, methodology, and analyses
well-reasoned and appropriate to accomplish the specific aims of the project?
Are potential problems, alternative strategies, and benchmarks for success
presented? If the project is in the early stages of development, will the
strategy establish feasibility and will particularly risky aspects be managed?
If the project involves clinical research, are the plans for 1) protection of
human subjects from research risks, and 2) inclusion of minorities and members
of both sexes/genders, as well as the inclusion of children, justified in terms
of the scientific goals and research strategy proposed?
Will the scientific environment in which the work will be done contribute to the probability of success? Are the institutional support, equipment and other physical resources available to the investigators adequate for the project proposed? Will the project benefit from unique features of the scientific environment, subject populations, or collaborative arrangements?
As applicable for the project proposed, reviewers will evaluate the following additional items while determining scientific and technical merit, and in providing an overall impact/priority score, but will not give separate scores for these items.
Protections for Human Subjects
For research that involves human subjects but does
not involve one of the six categories of research that are exempt under 45 CFR
Part 46, the committee will evaluate the justification for involvement of human
subjects and the proposed protections from research risk relating to their
participation according to the following five review criteria: 1) risk to
subjects, 2) adequacy of protection against risks, 3) potential benefits to the
subjects and others, 4) importance of the knowledge to be gained, and 5) data
and safety monitoring for clinical trials.
For research that involves human subjects and meets the criteria for one or
more of the six categories of research that are exempt under 45 CFR Part 46,
the committee will evaluate: 1) the justification for the exemption, 2) human
subjects involvement and characteristics, and 3) sources of materials. For
additional information on review of the Human Subjects section, please refer to
the Human
Subjects Protection and Inclusion Guidelines.
Inclusion of Women, Minorities, and Children
When the proposed project involves clinical research, the committee will evaluate the proposed plans for inclusion of minorities and members of both genders, as well as the inclusion of children. For additional information on review of the Inclusion section, please refer to the Human Subjects Protection and Inclusion Guidelines.
Vertebrate Animals
The committee will evaluate the involvement of live vertebrate animals as part of the scientific assessment according to the following five points: 1) proposed use of the animals, and species, strains, ages, sex, and numbers to be used; 2) justifications for the use of animals and for the appropriateness of the species and numbers proposed; 3) adequacy of veterinary care; 4) procedures for limiting discomfort, distress, pain and injury to that which is unavoidable in the conduct of scientifically sound research including the use of analgesic, anesthetic, and tranquilizing drugs and/or comfortable restraining devices; and 5) methods of euthanasia and reason for selection if not consistent with the AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia. For additional information on review of the Vertebrate Animals section, please refer to the Worksheet for Review of the Vertebrate Animal Section.
Reviewers will assess whether materials or procedures proposed are potentially hazardous to research personnel and/or the environment, and if needed, determine whether adequate protection is proposed.
Not Applicable.
Not Applicable.
Not Applicable.
As applicable for the project proposed, reviewers will consider each of the following items, but will not give scores for these items, and should not consider them in providing an overall impact/priority score.
Applications from Foreign Organizations
Not Applicable.
Select Agent Research
Reviewers will assess the information provided in this section of the application, including 1) the Select Agent(s) to be used in the proposed research, 2) the registration status of all entities where Select Agent(s) will be used, 3) the procedures that will be used to monitor possession use and transfer of Select Agent(s), and 4) plans for appropriate biosafety, biocontainment, and security of the Select Agent(s).
Resource Sharing Plans
Reviewers will comment on whether the following Resource Sharing Plans, or the rationale for not sharing the following types of resources, are reasonable: 1) Data Sharing Plan; 2) Sharing Model Organisms; and 3) Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS).
Budget and Period of Support
Reviewers will consider whether the budget and the requested period of support are fully justified and reasonable in relation to the proposed research.
Applications will be evaluated for scientific and technical merit by (an) appropriate Scientific Review Group(s) convened by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, in accordance with NIH peer review policy and procedures, using the stated review criteria. Review assignments will be shown in the eRA Commons.
As part of the scientific peer review, all applications:
Appeals of initial peer review will not be accepted for applications submitted in response to this FOA.
Applications will be assigned to the appropriate NIH Institute or Center. Applications will compete for available funds with all other recommended applications submitted in response to this FOA. Following initial peer review, recommended applications will receive a second level of review by the National Advisory Environmental Health Sciences Council. The following will be considered in making funding decisions:
After the peer review of the application is completed, the PD(s)/PI(s) will be able to access his or her Summary Statement (written critique) via the eRA Commons.
Information regarding the disposition of applications is available in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
If the application is under consideration for funding, NIH
will request "just-in-time" information from the applicant as
described in the NIH Grants
Policy Statement.
A formal notification in the form of a Notice of Award (NoA) will be provided
to the applicant organization for successful applications. The NoA signed by
the grants management officer is the authorizing document and will be sent via
email to the grantee's business official.
Awardees must comply with any funding restrictions described in Section IV.5. Funding Restrictions. Selection
of an application for award is not an authorization to begin performance. Any
costs incurred before receipt of the NoA are at the recipient's risk. These
costs may be reimbursed only to the extent considered allowable pre-award costs.
Any application awarded in response to this FOA will be subject to the DUNS,
CCR Registration, and Transparency Act requirements as noted on the Award
Conditions and Information for NIH Grants website.
All NIH grant and cooperative agreement awards include the NIH Grants Policy Statement as part of the NoA. For these terms of award, see the NIH Grants Policy Statement Part II: Terms and Conditions of NIH Grant Awards, Subpart A: General and Part II: Terms and Conditions of NIH Grant Awards, Subpart B: Terms and Conditions for Specific Types of Grants, Grantees, and Activities. More information is provided at Award Conditions and Information for NIH Grants.
Cooperative Agreement Terms and Conditions of Award
Not Applicable.
When multiple years are involved, awardees will be required to submit the Non-Competing Continuation Grant Progress Report (PHS 2590) annually and financial statements as required in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
A final progress report, invention statement, and the expenditure data portion of the Federal Financial Report are required for closeout of an award, as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
The Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (Transparency Act), includes a requirement for awardees of Federal grants to report information about first-tier subawards and executive compensation under Federal assistance awards issued in FY2011 or later. All awardees of applicable NIH grants and cooperative agreements are required to report to the Federal Subaward Reporting System (FSRS) available at www.fsrs.gov on all subawards over $25,000. See the NIH Grants Policy Statement for additional information on this reporting requirement.
We encourage inquiries concerning this funding opportunity and welcome the opportunity to answer questions from potential applicants.
Customer Support (Questions regarding Grants.gov registration and
submission, downloading or navigating forms)
Contact Center Phone: 800-518-4726
Email: email@example.com
GrantsInfo (Questions regarding application instructions and
process, finding NIH grant resources)
Telephone 301-710-0267
Email: email@example.com
eRA Commons Help Desk (Questions regarding eRA Commons
registration, tracking application status, post submission issues)
Phone: 301-402-7469 or 866-504-9552 (Toll Free)
Email: email@example.com
Lisa Helbling Chadwick, Ph.D.
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Telephone: 850-727-7218
Email: email@example.com
Janice Allen, Ph.D.
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Telephone: 919-541-2503
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Lisa A. Edwards
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Telephone: 919-541-0751
Email: email@example.com
Recently issued trans-NIH policy notices may affect your application submission. A full list of policy notices published by NIH is provided in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. All awards are subject to the terms and conditions, cost principles, and other considerations described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
Awards are made under the authorization of Sections 301 and 405 of the Public Health Service Act as amended (42 USC 241 and 284) and under Federal Regulations 42 CFR Part 52 and 45 CFR Parts 74 and 92.
Weekly TOC for this Announcement
NIH Funding Opportunities and Notices
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text:
Atlanta, GA – The San Francisco 49ers are headed back to the Super Bowl for the first time since the 1994 season.
Frank Gore scored a pair of touchdowns in the second half and the 49ers rallied past the Atlanta Falcons, 28-24, in the NFC Championship Game.
San Francisco needed a big defensive stand after Gore's 9-yard rushing touchdown put the 49ers ahead by four with 8:23 to play.
And that's just what they got. San Francisco coach Jim Harbaugh was steaming on the sideline after the officials upheld Harry Douglas' 22-yard juggling catch, which put the ball at the 49ers' 28. Atlanta moved the ball to the 10- yard line and the game came down to two plays. On 3rd-and-4, Ahmad Brooks broke up Matt Ryan's pass and NaVorro Bowman gave the 49ers the ball back after knocking down Ryan's throw to Roddy White on fourth down.
After the 49ers went three-and-out, Atlanta got the ball back at its own 41 with six seconds to play. Julio Jones caught a 24-yard pass as time expired.
"We rose up at the end. That was a great finish for our defense," Harbaugh said. "It put an exclamation point on the game."
The victory was sweet redemption for San Francisco, which lost to the Super Bowl champion New York Giants in the NFC title game last year.
John Harbaugh's Ravens beat the Patriots later Sunday to set up a Harbaugh brothers Super Bowl. Super Bowl XLVII will take place in New Orleans on Feb. 3.
San Francisco, which is a perfect 5-0 in the Super Bowl, will be trying to join Pittsburgh as the only teams with six Super Bowl titles.
Colin Kaepernick completed 16-of-21 passes for 233 yards and a touchdown for the 49ers, who took down the Green Bay Packers in the divisional round last weekend. The second-year signal-caller, who set an NFL rushing record for a quarterback with 181 yards last week, was limited to 21 rushing yards on Sunday.
"He just played great. He played great," Jim Harbaugh said. "I don't even know the words to say it. I mean, it was a great performance by the quarterback. And many others. Everybody chipped in this one, played their hearts out and thank you to them."
Gore carried the ball 21 times for 90 yards for the second-seeded 49ers, who trailed by 17 early in the second quarter. Vernon Davis hauled in five passes for 106 yards and a touchdown.
Ryan connected on 30-of-42 passes for 396 yards, three touchdowns and an interception for the top-seeded Falcons, who beat the Seattle Seahawks last week to make the NFC Championship Game for the third time in franchise history (1998 and 2004).
Jones caught 11 passes for 182 yards and two scores, White hauled in seven passes for 100 yards and Tony Gonzalez caught eight passes for 78 yards and a touchdown.
"We just didn't make enough plays to win the ballgame," Falcons coach Mike Smith said. "We played hard and we had our chances for this to be a different outcome. We just came up short."
The Falcons scored a touchdown with 25 seconds left in the first half to take a 24-14 lead into the locker room.
However, the momentum shifted back to the 49ers early in the second half. Randy Moss caught passes of 21 and 17 yards around Delanie Walker's 20-yard catch. On 1st-and-goal from the five, Gore rumbled into the end zone.
San Francisco's defense followed with a big play, as Chris Culliver picked off Ryan at the 38-yard line of the 49ers. Davis caught a 31-yard pass on the first play. The 49ers got to the 20 before sending David Akers out to try a 38-yard field goal. Akers' attempt hit off the left upright and was no good.
Another big mistake by Ryan gave the 49ers another chance. On 2nd-and-9 from the San Francisco 28, Ryan fumbled the snap out of the shotgun. The 49ers recovered with less than a minute left in the third frame.
"It was just kind of a freak play. I took my eye off the ball for a second and it ended up on the ground," Ryan said. "Against a good team, you can't have those kind of mistakes."
A 15-yard roughing the passer penalty on third down gave the 49ers a fresh set of downs. Michael Crabtree followed with a 33-yard catch on the first play of the fourth quarter. Just two plays later, Crabtree caught a pass for four yards before Dunta Robinson stripped the ball. Atlanta recovered the ball at the 1-yard line.
After holding the Falcons to a three-and-out, Ted Ginn Jr. returned a punt 20 yards to the Atlanta 38. Crabtree caught an 8-yard pass following four straight runs. Gore then found a hole on the right side and scampered into the end zone for a 28-24 lead with 8:23 to play.
San Francisco's defense held strong to secure the come-from-behind victory.
The Falcons jumped out to a big lead for the second consecutive week. White kept Atlanta's first drive alive with a 16-yard catch on 3rd-and-9. Just two plays later, Ryan confused the defense with a play-action pass. Jones was wide open down the left side for a 46-yard touchdown.
The home team tacked on a field goal after San Francisco went three-and-out. Jones helped set up Matt Bryant's 35-yard field goal with a 27-yard catch.
Atlanta was driving again at the end of the first quarter. White hauled in a 23-yard pass on the final play to move the ball to the San Francisco 20. On the first play of the second stanza, Jones made a great catch in the left corner of the end zone to make it 17-0.
The 49ers' offense finally woke up on the ensuing possession. Gore started the series with four straight runs, which gave San Francisco its first two first downs of the contest. On 3rd-and-7, Davis caught a 27-yard pass. That set up LaMichael James' 15-yard TD run with 8:08 left in the half.
San Francisco put together another long scoring drive on its next possession. Davis' 19-yard catch, Kaepernick's 23-yard run, a 15-yard unnecessary roughness penalty on Atlanta and Davis' 25-yard catch put the ball at the four. From there, Kaepernick used the play-action pass to find Davis for a touchdown with 1:55 remaining.
Ryan and the Falcons responded with an impressive 80-yard drive that only took 1:30 off the clock. Ryan completed four passes of at least 13 yards to move the ball to the San Francisco 16. Gonzalez followed with consecutive catches, with the second resulting in a 10-yard score and 24-14 lead.
Game Notes
Jacquizz Rodgers carried the ball 10 times for 32 yards for Atlanta, which was trying to make it back to the Super Bowl for the first time since the 1998 season ... The Falcons led Seattle 20-0 at halftime in last week's playoff game ... Ryan set Falcons playoff records with 396 yards and a 114.8 passer rating ... James, a rookie out of Oregon, had zero touchdowns in the regular season ... Since 2001, including playoffs, the 49ers were 1-27 in games they trailed by at least 17 points ... Jones set a Falcons franchise record for the most receiving yards in a playoff game.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Apple blocking books that link to Amazon
Seth Godin reports that the Apple store is refusing to carry his new book:
I just found out that Apple (NSDQ: AAPL) is rejecting my new manifesto Stop Stealing Dreams and won't carry it in their store because inside the manifesto are links to buy the books I mention in the bibliography.
Quoting here from their note to me, rejecting the book: "Multiple links to Amazon (NSDQ: AMZN) store…
We're heading to a world where there are just a handful of influential bookstores (Amazon, Apple, Nook…) and one by one, the principles of open access are disappearing. Apple, apparently, won't carry an ebook that contains a link to buy a hardcover book from Amazon.
Seth is properly nervous about imposing demands on private companies about what they will or will not carry. But he finds what I think is the right argument in this case. first, the online marketplace for books simply as a matter of fact is dominated by three players: Apple, Amazon, and Barnes & Noble. This dominance imposes particular responsibilities for keeping such a crucial enabler of our culture open. Second, the vertical integration of this market — the dominate sellers of ebook hardware are also the dominant sellers of ebooks — imposes a similar cultural obligation.
Seth concludes:
I think that Amazon and Apple and B&N need to take a deep breath and make a decision on principle: what's inside the book shouldn't be of concern to a bookstore with a substantial choke on the marketplace. If it's legal, they ought to let people read it if they choose to.
(PS: It is genuinely irrelevant that the example of a book Seth was linking to is Too Big to Know. Although it pleases me to be linked to by Seth :)
Categories: culture, net neutrality dw


text:
Frequently Asked Questions
What type of candidate is the Brea Police Department looking for?
The Brea Police Department is dedicated to professionalism, community involvement and the highest level of customer service. We strive to be a vital asset to our community members and business partners. If you are responsible, professional, self-motivated, possess good judgment, have strong communication skills and thrive in a team-oriented environment, then consider applying to be a part of our team.
What are the physical requirements?
You must be physically fit, including uncorrected 20/100 correctable to 20/30 vision or better; physical strength and agility to perform foot pursuits and physical restraint of suspects.
Do you have to be a U.S. citizen?
You must be a U.S. citizen or permanent resident alien who is eligible for citizenship to apply.
Is there an age cap? Is there an age minimum?
We do not have an age cap for applicants. The minimum age requirement for police recruits is 21.
Do you hire Police Laterals?
We accept applications for lateral transfers (as-needed, please refer to our jobs website for current openings). Out of state applicants seeking a lateral transfer must obtain a Basic Course Waiver from the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (P.O.S.T.) in order to be considered. For information on the Basic Course Waiver process, visit https://post.ca.gov/basic-course-waiver-process.
Are you paid while you attend the Police Academy?
Yes, you will receive the regular police recruit salary while you attend the academy. Click here to view the current salary range.
How long is the training period for police recruits?
After completion of the academy, the training period is roughly 16 weeks.
Once hired, what is the work schedule like?
This depends on the assignment. Patrol is a 3/12 shift schedule with 1 buy-back day per month. Special Assignments work a 4/10 schedule.


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(CNN) -- In 2010, we saw social networking skyrocket in popularity. We embraced a new category of tablet computer. And we rushed to new gaming systems that let us play video games without a controller.
But in the technology world, not all valleys are made of silicon. While the highs were high for the tech winners this year, the low points were equally low.
Even tech titans such as Apple and Google had some rough moments in 2010. And some ambitious ideas that must have made sense behind closed doors just didn't translate well to the real world.
So here are our top "tech fails" of the year: the missteps, misdeeds and mistakes that remind us that no one -- not even Steve Jobs -- is perfect. What did we miss? Let us know in the comments below.
1. iPhone 4 'Antennagate'
Apple drama -- nothing brings out the diehard fans and Cupertino haters quite like this one.
The newest iteration of the wildly popular smartphone was released in June.
By all standards, it's been a huge success. All standards except one.
Some people couldn't actually use it for phone calls.
OK, maybe that's an overstatement. But the Grip of Death (caused when users covered part of the antenna in a band around the phone's edge) was real -- and a big glitch in the device's rollout.
First Apple said the problem didn't exist. Then they said it was a software issue. Then they kind-of admitted it existed and gave away free cases to help. Then, they said it doesn't really exist anymore and stopped giving away the bumpers.
Months later, the problem is all but forgotten and the phones show no sign of dipping in popularity. So "fail," in this case, is a pretty relative term.
After being all the buzz at the trend-making Consumer Electronics Show in January, 3-D television didn't do much of anything this year.
Three-dimension movies may have taken over your neighborhood multiplex. But how many people do you know who will pay $4,000 or more for a TV that has a limited amount of special content and makes you wear special glasses in the comfort of your own home?
That will likely change as prices fall and the technology gets better. But so far, in a market full of folks who just recently shelled out four figures for high-definition TVs, 3-D television has fallen flat.
3. Microsoft Kin
We almost don't have the heart to beat up on the Kins anymore.
Having already served up the short-lived, tween-centric phones in our Thanksgiving all-time tech turkey list, we'll just remind you that the Kin One and Kin Two (Born: April 2010. Died: July 2010) aimed to be the fun, social smartphone for kids but ended up as a sort-of iPhone Lite, with a pricier data plan than their limited functions could justify.
Microsoft seemed happy to move on to the Windows Phone 7 system, so we will, too.
R.I.P. Kin. We hardly knew ye.
4. Nexus One
Speaking of phones that failed ...
Google's Android phone operating system came into its own in 2010, actually outselling phones running Apple's system by the end of the year.
But Google's effort at making their own phone to run it, the Nexus One, fizzled fast.
And here's the thing -- just about everyone who tried out the Nexus One liked it. It had features to rival the iPhone's, and reviewers were kind.
But Google might have gone wrong by originally selling the phone only online. Apparently, folks like to get their hands on their gadgets before paying for them.
5. Facebook privacy
Nothing on the internet elicits as much squawking as a change to Facebook.
Any change will do, really.
But this spring, some of the roughly half-billion users on the site got really miffed when a handful of privacy bugs, among other things, made private chat conversations briefly visible to Facebook friends.
And on April 21, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg announced a new Facebook feature called the "Open Graph," which essentially brings Facebook-like functionality to a number of websites.
A few folks actually left on a protester-created "Quit Facebook Day." Most didn't, but the sustained anger led Facebook to eventually simplify its privacy controls and roll out some new ones.
6. Google Buzz
Buzz was supposed to be Google's entry into the world of social networking in much the same way that Google Wave, which Google killed in August, was supposed to revolutionize real-time communication.
But it didn't help that, right out of the gate, Buzz's default settings amounted to a privacy breach. Basically, if users didn't tweak things at set-up, the people they e-mailed and chatted with the most through Gmail automatically became their followers.
So, theoretically, someone only needed to take a quick look at your profile to see who you interacted with the most in forums that most people assume are private.
Google quickly patched the problem. But the tool never really caught on. In Google Land, that might be OK, though -- the latest speculation is that Buzz might have been just the first step toward a networking site called "Google Me."
7. Gawker media sites hacked
Two fails here, really.
Fail No. 1: Gawker Media sites were breached in early December, with hackers saying they got access to the user names and passwords for about 1.3 million users of sites such as Gizmodo, Jezebel, Lifehacker and Kotaku.
Fail No. 2: A published list of the most-popular passwords hacked showed that "123456," "password," "12345" and "qwerty" were at or near the top of the list.
Sorry, folks. If those are your passwords, it's awfully tough to feel sorry for you getting hacked.
8. Content farms
Creating click-bait junk on the internet didn't start in 2010. But it certainly took off in a big way.
Demand Media, Aol's Seed and Associated Content, bought this year by Yahoo!, operate on a similar "content farm" model: They choose topics people are searching for on the internet, pay a "journalist" a tiny amount to write something -- anything -- about it, then slap it on the Web so people will click on it.
According to a Wired article, industry "leader" Demand Media already was cranking out 4,000 videos a day in late 2009. And they were on pace to publish 1 million items a month by this summer.
The magazine interviewed a videographer who has done 40,000 videos for Demand. Asked about his favorite, he said he couldn't really remember any of them.
Writing to what readers are interested in is one thing. At CNN, we monitor Twitter, Google Trends and other digital listening posts to make sure we're covering what people want to know about in the tech world.
But cranking out by-the-numbers copy, with profit as the only motive, just junks up the Web for everyone. It cynically betrays the promise of what the internet could, and should, be.
And maybe it won't work. The Wall Street Journal has said Demand has never made a profit. And just this week, there were reports that Demand is delaying a public stock offering because of concerns about its accounting practices.
9. Digg relaunch
It's impressive that content-sharing sites such as Digg have clung to some degree of relevancy in an era when most people share their favorite digital content on Facebook and Twitter.
But, to be sure, they've struggled. And a revolt by some vocal members of Digg this summer didn't help. The site got a major overhaul to make it easier for users to find content.
But the changes were buggy at first, and some old-school features such as the "Bury" button (which was eventually returned) had regulars claiming they were bolting for Digg competitor Reddit.
The fallout was still clearing by year's end, and the reasoning behind Digg's changes -- to help curate content in a more manageable way -- made sense. But the change brought some headaches that Digg's top brass no doubt would have liked to avoid.
10. iTunes Ping
There's a whole social network set up in Apple's iTunes store now.
Didn't know that? Well, there you go.
Not all musical artists are on there. And it doesn't integrate with Facebook. (Although Ping and Twitter just linked up). And, a lot of the time, it simply pushes you to buy music.
Needless to say, Ping hasn't really caught on.


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CITY OF ENGLEWOOD v. DENVER & S. P. RY. CO.
39 S.Ct. 100
63 L.Ed. 253
No. 106.
Submitted Dec. 19, 1918.
Decided Jan. 7, 1919.
Mr. L. F. Twitchell, of Denver, Colo., for plaintiff in error.
Mr. Fred Farrar, of Denver, Colo., for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.
This is a bill to compel the defendant to arrange for passengers on its road to be transported without extra fare over the line of the Denver City Tramway Company from a point of connection and in like manner for passengers on that company's line to be carried over the defendant's line without additional charge. The defendant operates a street railway under a franchise granted by the plaintiff while a town. By section 6 of the ordinance making the grant the grantees were allowed to charge certain fares provided that they should make the arrangement stated above. The defence pleaded against being required to comply with these terms is that the Denver City Tramway Company charges five cents, the maximum fare allowed, for its part of the service, so that the defendant gets nothing, and that the defendant filed a schedule of rates with the State Public Utilities Commission which now are the defendant's established rates and charges. On demurrer the Supreme Court of the State held that this town, at least, deriving its powers from legislative grant, could make no contract of this sort that was not subject to control by the legislature, that the Public Utilities Commission had been authorized by the legislature to regulate the matter in controversy, that it had done so, and that this proceeding should be dismissed.
Of course we do not go behind the decision of the Court that the matter in controversy was subject to regulation by the Commission and was regulated by it in due form if the State could confer that power. The plaintiff says that the State could not conter it since to do so would impair the obligation of a contract. Upon that point we agree with the Court below that clearer language than can be found in the State laws and this ordinance must be used before a public service is withdrawn from public control. Milwaukee Electric Ry. & Light Co. v. Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, 238 U. S. 174, 180, 35 Sup. Ct. 820, 59 L. Ed. 1254. The cases generally are cases where the railroad or other company sets up contract rights against the city. Whether when the railroad consents a legislature would not have all the power that the city could have to modify even a constitutionally protected contract need not be considered here. If we deal with the present case on the merits there seems to be no sufficient reason why the writ of error should not be dismissed. It is giving the plaintiff the benefit of a very great doubt if we assume that the question on the merits was saved.
Writ of error dismissed.
The following state regulations pages link to this page.


text:
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Geophysicist: pioneer in the study of plate tectonics
"I enjoy, and always have enjoyed, disturbing scientists."
Following graduation from Princeton University, Wilson worked with the Geological Survey of Canada, then served during World War II. In 1946, he succeeded his previous professor, physicist Prof. Lachlin Gilchrist, and became Professor of Geophysics at the University of Toronto.
The discovery in 1947 of the Leduc oil field in Alberta meant a demand for geophysicists. Wilson pioneered the use of air photos in geological mapping and was responsible for the first glacial map of Canada. While searching for unknown arctic islands in 1946, he became the second Canadian to fly over the North Pole. He was internationally respected for his work on glaciers, mountain building, geology of ocean basins and structure of continents but his greatest contribution lies in his explanation of plate tectonics - the notion that the earth's crust is made up of a series of floating plates. His 1965 paper A New Class of Faults and their Bearing on Continental Drift is a classic in geology.
Wilson served on the National Research Council from 1958-64. He also wrote for popular audiences, including two books on China that helped reopen relations between China and Western countries.
Wilson "retired" from the University of Toronto in 1974, remaining as a distinguished lecturer and then professor emeritus, and serving as chancellor for York University between 1883 and 1986. He turned his considerable energies to the Ontario Science Centre, where he was Director General until 1985.
In recognition of Wilson's contributions to the advancement of the sciences of geology and geophysics, mountains in Antarctica and an extinct volcano on the floor of the Pacific, off Canada's west coast, were named in his honour.
Sources: The Canadian Encyclopedia 2000 ed.; Canada's Digital Collections; "A Century of Physics in Canada" in Physics in Canada Vol. 56, No. 2, 2000 March/April; Image: Canada's Digital Collections website.
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text:
So you're suddenly in an executive job search or planning one – by choice or by circumstance.
Things look different out there than they did the last time you were seeking a new opportunity, don't they?
If you're just starting out or, if your job search is lumbering on and you're getting few or no interviews or action, you may not know how to job search well.
Or you may be lazy – thinking that if you put out a few feelers and get your updated resume onto plenty of job boards, you can sit back and wait for interviews to roll in. That makes you a passive or REACTIVE job seeker, instead of the PROACTIVE one you need to be.
Or you may be misinformed – putting most of your efforts into job search strategies that yield the lowest return on your time invested. You're ready to put in the time and do whatever is necessary, but you don't really know what you're doing.
You're a lazy, or misinformed, job seeker if you:
1. Skip over step one – identifying the kind of job you want, targeting the companies that will be a mutual good fit, and researching their current challenges to find out how you can help them solve their problems.
2. Run straight for your old resume (if you can find it) and update it – without first defining your executive brand, and creating content designed to market your ROI and resonate with your target employers.
3. Focus most of your time on job boards – the "monsters" and smaller niche boards. You think that job search in the digital age means hitting the job boards hard because that's where all the job are. You don't understand that most jobs are found by penetrating the "hidden" job market.
4. Fear having an online presence and putting yourself "out there" with social networking and social media. You don't understand that executive recruiters and the hiring decision makers at your target companies are on LinkedIn and other social networks. If they're hanging out there looking for candidates like you, you should be, too.
Get started with LinkedIn. If you do nothing else with social media, you need to be there, leveraging all that this social network has to offer, just to keep pace with your job-seeking competitors. See my LinkedIn Guide for Executive Branding and Job Search.
5. Neglected your network while you had a job because you didn't think you needed them any more. Now that you're looking again, you don't have the time or inclination to re-connect. It's too much work! You don't understand that the way to get at those hidden jobs – where most opportunities lie – is through purposeful networking.
6. Haven't researched what executive job search is all about today, so you can prepare and do all the back end work, before jumping in.
Are you a lazy or misinformed job seeker?
To get all the inside skinny on landing an executive job in today's job market, see my post Today's Executive Job Search Toolkit.
Related posts:
Bullet-Proof Your Executive Career in the New World of Work
5 Key Elements of a Strong Online Personal Brand
Social Media ROI: Is It Worth the Time?
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text:
The Wolves won both their tilts in Charlotte last week, the first time this season they have won back-to-back games; Chicago, which has posted a 3-1-0-0 mark to start November, has pulled back to the .500 mark at 6-6-0-1 through 13 games this season.
Wed., Nov. 13*
at Iowa Wild
Wells Fargo Arena
7 p.m.
Fri., Nov. 15*
at Milwaukee Admirals#
Bradley Center
7 p.m.
Sat., Nov. 16*
vs. Grand Rapids Griffins
Allstate Arena
7 p.m.
#Amtrak Rivalry
Log on to chicagowolves.com for broadcast schedule, or to watch or listen to the action live online
The Wolves won both their tilts in Charlotte last week, the first time this season they have won back-to-back games; Chicago, which has posted a 3-1-0-0 mark to start November, has pulled back to the .500 mark at 6-6-0-1 through 13 games this season.
— Jake Allen: Backstopped the Wolves to a pair of 2-1 victories over Charlotte last week, stopping 58 of 60 shots in the two tilts … Registered a 6-3-1 mark, 2.29 goals-against average and .928 save percentage in 10 games this season … Has stopped 180 of 185 shots in his six wins this year (0.83 gaa, .973 sv%), compared to kicking out 118 of 135 shots in his four defeats (4.21 gaa, .874 sv%) … Recorded a 9-4-0 mark, 2.46 goals-against average, .905 save percentage and one shutout in 15 NHL games with St. Louis last year en route to being named to the 2013 NHL All-Rookie Team … Appeared in 35 AHL contests with the Peoria Rivermen last season, earning a 13-19-2 record, 2.89 goals-against average, and .904 save percentage
— David Shields: Bagged a goal and an assist Thursday night, his second multiple-point effort of the season and of his AHL career; his two-point game on Thursday gave him 7 points on the season, a career-high just 12 tilts into this year … Ranks first among Chicago rear guards and is tied for second overall on the squad with 7 points (3G, 4A) in 13 games this year … Recorded several offensive firsts this season, including his first AHL goal, first AHL multiple-point outing, and first time he has tallied points in back-to-back AHL games … Accrued 5 assists and 41 penalty minutes in 59 AHL games with Peoria last season
— Ty Rattie: Dished out an assist on Saturday and has tallied 3 goals and 5 points in his last four games after collecting a goal in his first nine contests of his pro career … Tied for first on the club with 4 goals and fifth with 6 points in 13 contests this season … Ranked second in the WHL last season with 48 goals and third in the league with 110 points in 62 matchups with the Portland Winterhawks … Also shared seventh in the WHL with 62 helpers and held third with a +56 plus/minus rating
— Corey Locke: Paces Chicago with 7 assists and 10 points in 12 games this year and has tallied points in seven of his 12 tilts … Began the 2012-13 campaign with TPS Turku of the Finnish Elite League, where he collected 12 assists and 17 points in 37 tilts before moving to Germany … Accrued 7 points (G, 6A) in 16 outings with Berlin of the German League
— The Wolves wrap up their six-game road trip with visits to Iowa (Wednesday) and Milwaukee (Friday) before returning home to the Allstate Arena on Saturday to face Grand Rapids; Chicago is 3-1-0-0 on the trek so far and is 5-2-0-1 on enemy ice overall this season.
— The Wolves thwarted all nine of Charlotte's power-play attempts in two games combined last week, the sixth and seventh time this season they have been perfect on the penalty kill; Chicago has accrued an 87.9 percent efficiency rating on the penalty kill this season (58 of 66), which ranks third in the AHL.
— Chicago has bagged 21 of its 32 tallies this year in the middle frame, which includes all four of its goals in last week's two games; the Wolves have only scored five goals in each of the first and third periods this year to go along with one overtime tally.
— Chicago has tallied four power-play goals on 23 chances in its first four games of its current six-game road trip; the club has cashed in on eight of its 66 man-advantage chances this season (12.1 percent).
— The Wolves have taken a lead into the third period in all six of its victories this season; the team has lost the five games in which it trailed after two periods and the two contests that saw it tied after 40 minutes of play.
— The Wolves host their 16th "Get Fed by the Wolves" fundraiser from 2-5 p.m. on Sunday, Nov. 24, at Bahama Breeze, 406 E. Golf Road, in Schaumburg. Players serve as waiters and the proceeds from the luncheon benefit Chicago Wolves Charities. Tables are still available for this event, so reserve your seat today by visiting chicagowolves.com or calling 1-800-THE-WOLVES.
Saturday, Nov. 9
Chicago 2, (at) Charlotte 1
— The Wolves allowed the first goal and then scored the game's final two markers for their second straight 2-1 win over the Charlotte Checkers at Time Warner Cable Arena
— Defenseman Evan Oberg and forward Michael Davies lit the lamp for Chicago
— Goaltender Jake Allen stopped 27 shots
Thursday, Nov. 7
Chicago 2, (at) Charlotte 1
— The Wolves bagged two unanswered second-period markers to earn a 2-1 victory over Charlotte at Time Warner Cable Arena
— Defenseman David Shields (G, A) and forward Nathan Longpre (G) provided the offense for Chicago
— Goaltender Jake Allen kicked out 31 of 32 shots


text: The Emperor's Contest - Everyone is excited about a fishing contest that is being held in the park; everyone except Ryan, who doesn't want to follow the contest rules. When Ryan is tempted not to follow the rules, Barney tells a story called "The Emperor's Contest" about a boy who had a similar problem. When it's over, Ryan decides that honesty is the best policy! The Whole Truth - A talented young artist is painting a portrait of Barney, but when she has to step away, BJ is mistaken for the artist of the portrait. BJ has a hard time correcting this misunderstanding. The situation snowballs as the others beg him to teach them to paint like that! In the end, BJ admits the truth and learns that honesty is the best policy!


text:
DK Science: Energy Waves
Many different kinds of energy travel in waves. Sound waves carry noises through the air to our ears. SEISMIC WAVES travel inside the Earth and cause earthquakes. Light, heat, radio, and similar types of energy are carried by a variety of waves in the ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM. Some energy waves need a medium, such as water or air, through which to travel. The medium moves back and forth as waves carry energy through it, but it does not actually travel along with the wave.
When an ocean wave crashes against the shore, it releases a large amount of energy. Ocean waves are transverse waves that carry huge amounts of energy across the surface of the sea as they move up and down. A wave 3 m (10ft) high carries enough energy to power around 1,000 lightbulbs in every 1 m (3 ft) of its length.
In 1887, physicist Heinrich Hertz became the first person to prove that waves carry electromagnetic energy between two places. This extremely important finding eventually led to the development of radio and television. Hertz did not live to see these inventions, however. He died in 1894, aged only 36.
Radios, televisions, mobile phones, and radar use signals made up of electromagnetic waves. These are waves that carry energy as electricity and magnetism at the speed of light. Light we can see is also an electromagnetic wave, but other types of electromagnetic wave are invisible. The various types of electromagnetic wave have different frequencies and wavelengths. Together, they make up the electromagnetic spectrum.
These are produced by radioactivity. They have a short wavelength and a high frequency and carry large amounts of energy. They are very harmful and can cause cancer in humans and animals.
These invisible waves are slightly shorter than visible violet light and carry more energy. We wear sunglasses and sunblock to prevent damage to our eyes and skin by ultraviolet rays.
Infrared rays are slightly longer waves than visible red light. Although we cannot see infrared, we can feel it as heat. When heat energy is transferred by radiation, it is carried by waves of infrared.
Radar is a way of locating aeroplanes and ships using a type of radio waves called microwaves. These have much longer wavelengths than visible light. Cooking is another use for microwaves.
When the energy stored in rock deep inside the Earth is suddenly released, it travels up to the Earth's surface in huge seismic shock waves. The waves move along weaknesses in the rock known as faults. As they do so, they produce violent shaking of the ground and an earthquake. The largest earthquakes can release as much energy as a small atomic bomb.


text:
After a highly successful sold-out 2013 race, the addition of a new title sponsor and increased international recognition for the event, the ASICS LA Marathon is on a roll.
To help propel the race even further on a global stage, LA MARATHON LLC announced that Tracey Russell, Executive Director of the Atlanta Track Club (ATC), will join the ASICS LA Marathon as its new chief executive officer. The ATC manages the AJC Peachtree Road Race, the Atlanta Half Marathon and the Atlanta Marathon.
Russell joins the LA Marathon with nearly two decades of race management experience. At ATC under her leadership, both annual sponsorship revenue and the organizational budget doubled over the past six years, and more than 15 new running and youth events were added to the ATC's portfolio. She tripled the club's membership to more than 19,000 runners and significantly enhanced the charity and youth outreach programs throughout her tenure. Prior to her time at ATC, Russell spent 12 years with the Metropolitan Richmond Sports Backers, which owns and produces 13 different sporting events annually.
In Los Angeles, Russell will have responsibility for the ASICS LA Marathon and other LA MARATHON LLC properties, with the goal of increasing participation, viewership, charitable donations and sponsorships for all races, while branding the marathon worldwide.
Russell was selected after an extensive national search.
"Tracey is a true leader in the road racing industry, and has delivered incredible results her entire career," said Howard Sunkin, LA Marathon Board member and executive at McCourt Group, the owner of the operating rights to the race. In her new position, Russell will play a critical role in forging a path for the ASICS LA Marathon and continue to raise the profile of the race around the globe.
"Our Stadium to the Sea course is one of the most iconic and beautiful in the world," according to Sunkin, "and we're ready to take the ASICS LA Marathon to a new level that attracts more international runners and race partners. Tracey is the right person at the right time to make that happen."
"I have been extremely impressed with the transformation the ASICS LA Marathon has undergone over the past several years, and I am thrilled to be a part of the race's bright future," Russell said. "From the introduction of the Stadium to the Sea course to the incredible experience the race provides each and every participant, the ASICS LA Marathon is becoming a must-run event. I look forward to working with longtime race director Nick Curl and the outstanding team he has assembled in Los Angeles to create an event that brings even greater value to the people of Southern California, to local charities, and to runners nationally and globally."
Russell will assume her new responsibilities after the July 4 AJC Peachtree Road Race. Under Russell's leadership, the AJC Peachtree Road Race has maintained its title as the largest 10K in the world. The 2013 event marks a milestone in the racing world: this is the first event that will host both the USA Men's 10 km Championship and the USA Women's 10 km Championship.
The search was conducted by Turnkey Search, one of the sports and entertainment industry's leading executive search and recruiting firms.
The LA Marathon LLC is a leading U.S. running organization dedicated to transforming lives through year-round resources and events while serving and connecting communities. LA Marathon LLC properties include the ASICS LA Marathon, the LA Big 5K (held the day before the Marathon at Dodger Stadium), the Santa Monica Classic 5K/10K in May and the popular six-month LA Roadrunners training program led by renowned coach Andrew Kastor. For more information, visit www.lamarathon.com.


text:
ALICE MAY BROCK, born in Brooklyn, New York, on February 28, 1941. A Pisces … Grew from a difficult child to a juvenile delinquent to a regular (irregular) person … Spent a few years in high school …. reform school … fancy school …. Moved to the Lower East Side, then to the green greener Berkshires … Married crazy Ray D. Brock (picked up in old Cedar Street Tavern) … Worked as a librarian at the Stockbridge School … Bought a church … sang songs … Fooled around … Cooked good good food with a smile and other expressions … Bought a crummy diner …. Turned it into a crazy-yummy-cozy restaurant … Got tired … Got divorced … Got famed by Arlo Guthrie, an old friend who wrote the song "Alice's Restaurant," which inspired Arthur Penn to direct the movie Alice's Restaurant–about Alice and Ray and Arlo and the Scene … now in the past. Thru it all Alice is a real live human bean–Still foolin' around and still cookin' …
Around here, Alice's Restaurant is as much a part of Thanksgiving as turkey, stuffing and pants that used to fit just 24 hours prior. "Alice's Restaurant" could mean any number of things, though. It could mean Arlo Guthrie's debut record, released in 1967 when he was just 20 years old. It could be the epic 18-minute comedic folk-monologue "Alice's Restaurant Massacree" that encompasses the entire A-side of that record. It could be the 1969 film Alice's Restaurant, adapted from the song. Or it could be "Alice's Restaurant Cookbook," by Alice Mae Brock, the woman from whom all of the previous was more or less inspired, and whose author's bio you read above, taken from the back book jacket of a real, live copy.
Arlo Guthrie :: Alice's Restaurant Massacree
By now, most of you are probably familiar with the song "Alice's Restaurant Massacree," a satirical protest ballad that revolves around a Thanksgiving in 1965, a church-cum-flophouse, littering and all that you can and should do to avoid a war draft that receives its fair share of humiliation along the way. It's written in the sort of carefree counter-cultural voice of the mid-'60s, before mounting frustration (and drug use) created a noticeably edgier, grittier anti-war movement just a few short years later. It's a lighthearted, though meaningful, rendition that contrasts the elder Guthrie's more pointed, sometimes serious social critiques of decades past.
The film–an exaggerated version of actual events, much like the song–is adapted true to form (but admittedly wanders a bit at times searching for length). A parade of hippie hitchhikers and free-spirited vagabonds comes and goes from Alice and Ray Brock's reformatted church. The pivotal moment arrives, of course, after an Alice-made Thanksgiving feast for a horde of peaceniks creates a truckload of trash that has to be disposed of. Arlo and a friend try the dump, but it's closed for the holiday, and they figure a roadside embankment works just as well. Police officer Obie (who plays himself in the film) arrests the pair for littering, and from that point, Arlo spirals into an often hilarious assault on the establishment.
At the center of all of this is Alice and Alice's food. She champions the innocence of youth, the impracticality of the status quo and the changing tide of a generation. (Interestingly, the film probably unintentionally captures this earlier, maybe more naive, less-structured version of hippie culture than what we're used to reading about.) Though just a few years older than they, Alice acts as a mother hen for a group of people not entirely clear on where they're headed, but steadfast on where they aren't. She's warm-hearted and genial, sometimes tough and absolutely loyal. She has rules, but structure isn't of the utmost importance. You get the idea things aren't always easy for her, but she's strong enough not let on too much. And these are necessary components to understanding her cookbook. Because you have to know her to know her book.
Published in 1969, the book is now out of print (a few copies can be found on eBay*), and it comes with a paper-wax record insert**. (The record is a cut-out with two tracks on it: "Italian-Type Meatballs" and "My Grandma's Beet Jam," both by Arlo and Alice.) The book is about as informal as Alice, and it injects all of the personality you'd hope the real Alice would have. The recipes read like a conversation, often without specific instructions (like measurements), leaning heavily on approximations. There are probably more helpful cookbooks out there, but few are as amusing to flip through. The first two chapters read like this:
1. Soup
2. Nice things to put in your soup (…or someone else's soup)
The book includes recipes like the "Mexican Heartburnger," somewhat random asides like "Final Beef Thoughts," and a photo of a man in a chicken suit standing on a couch-sized clog (yes, the Dutch footwear.) An excerpt from a chapter introduction captures her casual and inviting nature:
"If your kitchen is purely "functional," chances are your cooking ill be, too. Atmosphere is very important. My kitchen is a collage. Anything and everything that strikes my fancy is stuck on the wall or a shelf–pots and pans, paintings and vegetables, old bottles and buttons, toys and books.
"I really have a good time playing in the kitchen. The other night while I was making an omelet, a friend walked in and said, "Alice, what in the world are you laughing at?" "The egg," I said. I tend to treat all things the same, and am always relating to inanimate objects as if they were alive. "This pot is just not in the mood for fondue." "Come on, you silly carrot." For me, it's much easier to work with things that I can be friends with–even if it's just a can opener. It makes the work that much more fun. It's my own style of fighting alienation in the mechanical world.
"Since you will spend a lot of time in the kitchen, and most cooks do, make it your favorite room–personal–a place where you relax. A comfortable chair, some good books to read while you're waiting for the pot to boil, music, flowers, paintings on the walls. And don't save the wines for the sauce. A tiny kitchen is no excuse. There is always room for you and expressions of you. Enjoy the whole production. Cooking should never be frantic or angry or rushed because the most important ingredient is the spirit. And the spirit carries over to the table."
That last bit is pretty good advice this holiday, maybe even better than tablespoons and oven settings. I'd suggest taking it. I know I will. Happy Thanksgiving.
Thanksgiving Recipe:
Alice's Roast Chicken or Turkey (same basic instructions for both birds).
Preheat your oven to 325. Take a good-size chicken (try a capon for a change–it's a castrated rooster, but good!) and grease the breast with butter or oil, or place a few bacon strips across the chest. Put the bird in a roasting pan or on a roasting rack with a roasting pan underneath. Put it in the oven. It takes about 20 minutes per pound to cook. If you have stuffing inside, do it long–40 minutes per pound won't hurt–and baste it with the juices in the pan. Anyway, you can tell when it's done when its legs wiggle freely and the meat pulls back from the feet. Also, you can stick a fork in the thigh and if the juices run out clear, it's supposed to be done.
Serve it with vegetables roasted in the pan. Just add some cut-up carrots and peeled onions the last hour.
*I found my copy for $20 or so after bidding, and it was in pretty good shape. Slim pickin's, though.
**Finding a working record insert is a bit harder to come by, as they were cut-outs from the back binding, and that was 40 years ago. Mine had one, and it worked. But alas, it fell onto the floor, was stepped on and dragged. If you're interested, happy hunting! words/ j. crosby
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