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hhook(9): hhook - Helper Hook Framework
HHOOK(9) | FreeBSD Kernel Developer's Manual | HHOOK(9) |
hhook, hhook_head_register, hhook_head_deregister, hhook_head_deregister_lookup, hhook_run_hooks, HHOOKS_RUN_IF, HHOOKS_RUN_LOOKUP_IF — Helper Hook FrameworkSYNOPSIS
#include <sys/hhook.h>typedef int
(*hhook_func_t)(int32_t hhook_type, int32_t hhook_id, void *udata, void *ctx_data, void *hdata, struct osd *hosd);
int hhook_head_register(int32_t hhook_type, int32_t hhook_id, struct hhook_head **hhh, uint32_t flags);
int hhook_head_deregister(struct hhook_head *hhh);
int hhook_head_deregister_lookup(int32_t hhook_type, int32_t hhook_id);
void hhook_run_hooks(struct hhook_head *hhh, void *ctx_data, struct osd *hosd);
HHOOKS_RUN_IF(hhh, ctx_data, hosd);
HHOOKS_RUN_LOOKUP_IF(hhook_type, hhook_id, ctx_data, hosd);
hhook provides a framework for managing and running arbitrary hook functions at defined hook points within the kernel. The KPI was inspired by pfil(9), and in many respects can be thought of as a more generic superset of pfil.The khelp(9) and hhook frameworks are tightly integrated. Khelp is responsible for registering and deregistering Khelp module hook functions with hhook points. The KPI functions used by khelp(9) to do this are not documented here as they are not relevant to consumers wishing to instantiate hook points.
Information for Khelp Module Implementors
Khelp modules indirectly interact with hhook by defining appropriate hook functions for insertion into hook points. Hook functions must conform to the hhook_func_t function pointer declaration outlined in the SYNOPSIS.The hhook_type and hhook_id arguments identify the hook point which has called into the hook function. These are useful when a single hook function is registered for multiple hook points and wants to know which hook point has called into it. <sys/hhook.h> lists available hhook_type defines and subsystems which export hook points are responsible for defining the hhook_id value in appropriate header files.
The udata argument will be passed to the hook function if it was specified in the struct hookinfo at hook registration time.
The ctx_data argument contains context specific data from the hook point call site. The data type passed is subsystem dependent.
The hdata argument is a pointer to the persistent per-object storage allocated for use by the module if required. The pointer will only ever be NULL if the module did not request per-object storage.
The hosd argument can be used with the khelp(9) framework's khelp_get_osd() function to access data belonging to a different Khelp module.
Khelp modules instruct the Khelp framework to register their hook functions with hhook points by creating a struct hookinfo per hook point, which contains the following members:
struct hookinfo { hhook_func_t hook_func; struct helper *hook_helper; void *hook_udata; int32_t hook_id; int32_t hook_type; };
Khelp modules are responsible for setting all members of the struct except hook_helper which is handled by the Khelp framework.
Creating and Managing Hook Points
Kernel subsystems that wish to provide hhook points typically need to make four and possibly five key changes to their implementation:- Define a list of hhook_id mappings in an appropriate subsystem header.
- Register each hook point with the hhook_head_register() function during initialisation of the subsystem.
- Select or create a standardised data type to pass to hook functions as contextual data.
- Add a call to HHOOKS_RUN_IF() or HHOOKS_RUN_IF_LOOKUP() at the point in the subsystem's code where the hook point should be executed.
- If the subsystem can be dynamically added/removed at runtime, each hook point registered with the hhook_head_register() function when the subsystem was initialised needs to be deregistered with the hhook_head_deregister() or hhook_head_deregister_lookup() functions when the subsystem is being deinitialised prior to removal.
The hhook_head_register() function registers a hook point with the hhook framework. The hook_type argument defines the high level type for the hook point. Valid types are defined in <sys/hhook.h> and new types should be added as required. The hook_id argument specifies a unique, subsystem specific identifier for the hook point. The hhh argument will, if not NULL, be used to store a reference to the struct hhook_head created as part of the registration process. Subsystems will generally want to store a local copy of the struct hhook_head so that they can use the HHOOKS_RUN_IF() macro to instantiate hook points. The HHOOK_WAITOK flag may be passed in via the flags argument if malloc(9) is allowed to sleep waiting for memory to become available. If the hook point is within a virtualised subsystem (e.g. the network stack), the HHOOK_HEADISINVNET flag should be passed in via the flags argument so that the struct hhook_head created during the registration process will be added to a virtualised list.
The hhook_head_deregister() function deregisters a previously registered hook point from the hhook framework. The hhh argument is the pointer to the struct hhook_head returned by hhoook_head_register() when the hook point was registered.
The hhook_head_deregister_lookup() function can be used instead of hhook_head_deregister() in situations where the caller does not have a cached copy of the struct hhook_head and wants to deregister a hook point using the appropriate hook_type and hook_id identifiers instead.
The hhook_run_hooks() function should normally not be called directly and should instead be called indirectly via the HHOOKS_RUN_IF() macro. However, there may be circumstances where it is preferable to call the function directly, and so it is documented here for completeness. The hhh argument references the hhook point to call all registered hook functions for. The ctx_data argument specifies a pointer to the contextual hook point data to pass into the hook functions. The hosd argument should be the pointer to the appropriate object's struct osd if the subsystem provides the ability for Khelp modules to associate per-object data. Subsystems which do not should pass NULL.
The HHOOKS_RUN_IF() macro is the preferred way to implement hook points. It only calls the hhook_run_hooks() function if at least one hook function is registered for the hook point. By checking for registered hook functions, the macro minimises the cost associated with adding hook points to frequently used code paths by reducing to a simple if test in the common case where no hook functions are registered. The arguments are as described for the hhook_run_hooks() function.
The HHOOKS_RUN_IF_LOOKUP() macro performs the same function as the HHOOKS_RUN_IF() macro, but performs an additional step to look up the struct hhook_head for the specified hook_type and hook_id identifiers. It should not be used except in code paths which are infrequently executed because of the reference counting overhead associated with the look up.
Each struct hhook_head protects its internal list of hook functions with a rmlock(9). Therefore, anytime hhook_run_hooks() is called directly or indirectly via the HHOOKS_RUN_IF() or HHOOKS_RUN_IF_LOOKUP() macros, a non-sleepable read lock will be acquired and held across the calls to all registered hook functions.RETURN VALUES
hhook_head_register() returns 0 if no errors occurred. It returns EEXIST if a hook point with the same hook_type and hook_id is already registered. It returns EINVAL if the HHOOK_HEADISINVNET flag is not set in flags because the implementation does not yet support hook points in non-virtualised subsystems (see the BUGS section for details). It returns ENOMEM if malloc(9) failed to allocate memory for the new struct hhook_head.hhook_head_deregister() and hhook_head_deregister_lookup() return 0 if no errors occurred. They return ENOENT if hhh is NULL. They return EBUSY if the reference count of hhh is greater than one.
A well commented example Khelp module can be found at: /usr/share/examples/kld/khelp/h_example.cThe tcp(4) implementation provides two hhook points which are called for packets sent/received when a connection is in the established phase. Search for HHOOK in the following files: sys/netinet/tcp_var.h, sys/netinet/tcp_input.c, sys/netinet/tcp_output.c and sys/netinet/tcp_subr.c.
Development and testing of this software were made possible in part by grants from the FreeBSD Foundation and Cisco University Research Program Fund at Community Foundation Silicon Valley.HISTORY
The hhook framework first appeared in FreeBSD 9.0.The hhook framework was first released in 2010 by Lawrence Stewart whilst studying at Swinburne University of Technology's Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures, Melbourne, Australia. More details are available at:
The hhook framework was written by Lawrence Stewart <firstname.lastname@example.com>.This manual page was written by David Hayes <firstname.lastname@example.com> and Lawrence Stewart <email@example.com>.
The framework does not currently support registering hook points in subsystems which have not been virtualised with VIMAGE. Fairly minimal internal changes to the hhook implementation are required to address this.February 15, 2011 | FreeBSD 9.0 |


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New NIDCD Clinical Trials Policy on Post-Submission Application Materials
Release Date: March 5, 2013
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
This Notice serves to announce that a new NIDCD policy on post-submission grant application materials will be effective for PAR-12-123 "NIDCD Phase I/II/III Clinical Trials in Communication Disorders (U01)" and PAR-12-124 "NIDCD Planning Grant for Phase III Clinical Trials in Communication Disorders (U34)" applications submitted for the June 4, 2013 receipt date and thereafter. This policy does not modify the existing Just-In-Time requirements or any other requests for additional information after the initial peer review.
In addition to post-submission application materials allowed by the NIH (see https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-10-115.html ) the NIDCD Scientific Review Branch will accept Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Investigational New Drug (IND) and Investigation Device Exemption (IDE) Letters of Conditional Approval and Letters of Approval. Note: send only Letters; do not send the entire brochure.
Post-submission materials must be received by the NIDCD Scientific Review Officer (SRO) one month (30 calendar days) prior to the peer review meeting. Post-submission materials will not be accepted if fewer than 30 calendar days remain before the peer review meeting.
Authorized Organization Representative (AOR) Concurrence
Concurrence from the Authorized Organization Representative (AOR) of the applicant organization is required. Although the content of post-submission materials may originate from the PD/PI, Contact PD/PI for multiple PD/PI applications, or organizational officials, the AOR must send the materials directly to the SRO, or must send his/her concurrence to the PD/PI who will forward the materials and concurrence to the SRO. A communication from the PD/PI only or with a cc to the AOR will not be accepted.
Submission via email of post-submission materials as a PDF attachment is required. NIDCD recommends producing the documents electronically using text or word-processing software and then converting the documents to PDF. This will allow the text to be searched electronically (i.e., do not scan files that have text as an image, scan as text file only).
The SRO is responsible for uploading acceptable materials into the official electronic grant file maintained in the eRA Commons. The PD/PI can check his/her application via the Commons to see these materials in the section titled Additions for Review . This allows the information to be available to reviewers in a secure manner.
Please direct inquiries to, and send FDA IND and IDE Letters
Melissa Stick, Ph.D., MPH
Chief Scientific Review Branch, Division of Extramural Activities
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH
6120 Executive Blvd.
Bethesda, MD 20892-7180
Telephone: (301) 496-8683
Fax: (301) 402-6250
Email: email@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


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BURPE (Burpee), DAVID, farmer, magistrate, and office holder; b. 22 April 1752 in Rowley, Mass., eldest son of Jeremiah Burpe, a carpenter, and Mary Saunders; m. 1 Jan. 1778 Elizabeth Gallishan, and they had seven sons and seven daughters; d. 31 May 1845 in Maugerville, N.B.
David Burpe must have received his formal education in Massachusetts, for there would have been few opportunities after 1763 when his father joined Israel Perley* and others in founding the settlement of Maugerville, in what was then the colony of Nova Scotia. Also in the group was David's elderly grandfather Jonathan Burpe, who became first deacon of the Congregational church that was soon organized. In its earliest years Maugerville operated as a traditional New England community, with civil authority vested in town meetings and the church responsible for social discipline.
At age 19, after the death of his parents, David became responsible for his seven surviving brothers and sisters. Active, reticent, cautious, and systematic, he already showed the characteristics of his mature years. While pursuing his farm chores he had trained himself by keeping a diary, which is literate and meticulous, but silent regarding his personal views and ambitions. An account-book that notes each item he purchased or sold from 1772 to 1784 is an important source for historians in showing how values of goods and services fluctuated during the years of the American revolution in a community where money was scarce and barter common. Historians owe him a further debt for his careful listing of the possessions left by his grandfather in 1781; it provides a rare insight into the style of living of a comparatively well-to-do frontier farmer.
The Burpe family shared the anti-British sentiments of their former compatriots in Massachusetts and David may have played some role in organizing Maugerville's support of the new Massachusetts government in 1775. Edward Burpe, a younger brother, joined Jonathan Eddy*'s expedition against Fort Cumberland (near Sackville, N.B.) the following year. In 1777 a British garrison was placed in Fort Howe (Saint John) and six years later many Maugerville farms were taken over by American loyalists. Few of the newcomers had cause to respect the feelings of "rebels," and the old families, in turn, resented the favours granted to the intruders. Disturbed by the changes in their society and inspired by the New Light ideas of Henry Alline*, who had held "reformation" services in Maugerville in 1779 and 1781, some of the old inhabitants set themselves apart by withdrawing into a sectarian world of religious fervour. Among them were the followers of Archelaus Hammond, who advocated an antinomianism that led to bizarre forms of worship.
Although Burpe, who accepted the conservative Old Light ideas of his grandfather Jonathan, was not prepared to compromise with the New Lights on theological matters, he nevertheless played a role in countering the deep divisions in his society and emerged as a moderating influence between the loyalist newcomers and the old inhabitants. In 1787 he and Jacob Barker Jr received appointments as justices of the peace for Sunbury County, of which the township of Maugerville, now divided into the parishes of Maugerville and Sheffield, formed a part. These were positions of privilege, for authority no longer rested with town meetings, as in New England, but was vested in the justices, who met in the Court of General Sessions to administer county affairs.
The division of Maugerville township that had taken place in 1786 was reinforced by denominational differences. In the parish of Maugerville loyalist Anglicans were in the majority; in Sheffield old inhabitants predominated. When the Church of England in Maugerville claimed the public lot on which the old New England meeting-house stood, Burpe and Barker took the lead in 1789 in moving the building several miles downriver to a public lot in Sheffield, using 60 teams of oxen to haul it on the ice. That year the members of the Congregational Church signed a new covenant. All came from a small number of New England families, but their church was supported by immigrant Scots and other dissenters, including a few loyalists. For reasons which are unknown, though it seems probable that he considered himself unworthy, Burpe did not become a church member in terms of Congregational polity until 1805, yet he acted as clerk and served on all important committees. The congregation invited John James, a Calvinist Methodist from England, to be their pastor.
The appointment of this minister ended disastrously. In 1792, after being accused of drunkenness, association with persons of questionable character, and finally "scandalous Indecencies" in his behaviour towards a young woman, James embraced the Church of England. The dissenters were able to regain possession of the parsonage, and the meeting-house of which it formed a part, only on 6 Aug. 1793 when, finding the premises temporarily vacated, Burpe entered and defied the authorities to expel him. By then the rupture between Anglicans and dissenters had become unbridgeable and dissenter abhorrence of Anglican exclusivism made Sunbury County the centre of opposition to the policies of Lieutenant Governor Thomas Carleton*. It was perhaps at this time that Burpe began a mutually helpful association with Samuel Denny Street*, next to James Glenie* the leading opponent of the administration.
For the three decades ending in 1830 Burpe was one of his county's most active magistrates. He became a justice of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas and carried out a great deal of routine work, examining witnesses, signing recognizances, and binding persons to keep the peace. In 1814 he was appointed a justice of the quorum and made use of his office to get around the provision in the marriage law that required dissenters to be married by Anglican clergymen. Between January 1815 and September 1835 he performed 124 civil ceremonies in Sheffield. He also served as county auditor.
Burpe's participation in public affairs had behind it a firm commitment to the religious and social values of 17th-century New England Puritanism. While still comparatively young he became "Squire" Burpe, a patriarchal figure bent on restoring the fortunes of the dissenters' church and upholding Calvinist theology and traditional forms of worship in the face of New Light, Methodist, and Baptist appeals. His efforts reached fruition in 1820: the Sheffield congregation, reorganized and, for the time being, in communion with the Church of Scotland, was given title to a small portion of the land set aside for the church when the township of Maugerville was founded and finally obtained from Scotland a long-term resident pastor. Later, it reverted to its Congregational identity until it entered the United Church of Canada in 1925.
When Burpe's son David died in 1830, he received a long obituary in provincial papers. Although he was county treasurer and church deacon, the notice taken was really a recognition of his father, then in his 78th year and still an active magistrate. Among the documents old David left when he died at the age of 93 is one entitled "Record Book kept by the Town Clerk of Sheffield Sunbury County 1767–1835." It is a fitting memorial to his career, for he had preserved the spirit of the old Maugerville township, and by continuing its records had made it possible for the story of the persistence of a frontier community to be known to later generations.
[There is a thinly veiled lampoon of Burpe in Edward Winslow*'s Substance of the debates, in the Young Robin Hood Society . . . , a political satire that appeared in New Brunswick in 1795. Edited by Ann Gorman Condon, it appears as "'The Young Robin Hood Society' . . ." in Acadiensis (Fredericton), 15 (1985–86), no.2: 120–43. Dr Condon does not, however, draw attention to the parallels between Winslow's character Zedekiah T. and Burpe. d.m.y.]
N.B. Museum, Sheffield, N.B., papers, David Burpe, "Record Book kept by the Town Clerk of Sheffield Sunbury County 1767–1835" (mfm. at PANB). PANB, MC 1, Burpee family; MC 300, ms 5/144; ms 33/36 ("A copy of the record book kept by the town clerk of Sheffield, Sunbury County, 1767–1835," ed. William McLeod, typescript, 1932); RG 3, RS307, C 1, 10 April 1787; RG 18, RS 157. UNBL, MG H9, F. M. Miles, "Maugerville School, 1763–1951" (typescript, 1951). "Documents of the Congregational Church at Maugerville," N.B. Hist. Soc., Coll., 1 (1894–97), no1: 119–52; no.2: 153–59. "Documents relating to Sunbury County: David Burpee's diary," N.B. Hist. Soc., Coll., 1, no.1: 89–95. The Newlight Baptist journals of James Manning and James Innis, ed. D. G. Bell (Saint John, N.B., 1984). "The Pickard papers," ed. Gerald Keith, N.B. Hist. Soc., Coll., no.15 (1959): 55–78. "Sunbury County documents," N.B. Hist. Soc., Coll., 1, no.1: 100–18. Head Quarters, or Literary, Political, and Commercial Journal (Fredericton), 4 June 1845. Early settlers of Rowley, Massachusetts: a genealogical record of the families who settled in Rowley before 1700 with several generations of their descendants, comp. G. B. Blodgette, ed. A. E. Jewett (Rowley, 1933). The Stickney family: a genealogical memoir of the descendants of William and Elizabeth Stickney, from 1637 to 1869 (Salem, Mass., 1869). MacNutt, New Brunswick. W. D. Moore, "Sunbury County, 1760–1830" (ma thesis, Univ. of N.B., Fredericton, 1977). George Patterson, Memoir of the Rev. James MacGregor, D.D . . . (Philadelphia, 1859). R. W. Colston, "Old Sunbury . . . ," St. John Daily Sun, 9 Sept. 1898: 6–7. James Hannay, "The Maugerville settlement, 1763–1824," N.B. Hist. Soc., Coll., 1, no.1: 63–88. G. C. Warren, "Canada's pioneer missionary," Tidings (Wolfville, N.S.), 70 (1944), no.11: 3–5.
© 1988–2024 University of Toronto/Université Laval
Cite This Article
D. M. Young, "BURPE, DAVID," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 7, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed February 22, 2024, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/burpe_david_7E.html.
The citation above shows the format for footnotes and endnotes according to the Chicago manual of style (16th edition). Information to be used in other citation formats:
Permalink: | http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/burpe_david_7E.html |
Author of Article: | D. M. Young |
Title of Article: | BURPE, DAVID |
Publication Name: | Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 7 |
Publisher: | University of Toronto/Université Laval |
Year of publication: | 1988 |
Year of revision: | 1988 |
Access Date: | February 22, 2024 |


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It was a full day in the Genea-Cave...a radio on, fan going, printer spitting, web searching, data entering, Facebook reading, and Randy-blogging day.
I started with reading email and blogs, then decided that since it was Labor Day that I would write up a summary of Randy's job history. That came out longer than intended, but that's OK - maybe my kids will read it and be impressed. After getting the screen shots together, I posted Using FamilyTreeMaker 2008 - Post 22: Web Search I in my continuing and never-ending series of posts, trying to finish before FTM 2009 is released.
Lunch time - I munched away while working on the computer - I entered all of my Project M data into the computer - I'm up to over 200 persons. I went to the Floyd County GA and Chattooga County GA USGenWeb sites and looked at records - I found some marriage records for the families, and a contact for the M name. I emailed him to see if he can help. An Unclaimed Persons group email came in about a San Diego guy, so I worked on that for an hour or so and went to the group on Facebook and other folks had found as much as I had. I posted mine anyway - it was a useful exercise to revisit the San Diego County court, assessor and clerk web sites. At 5 p.m., I went in to read the paper, watch the news and Padres game, have dinner, and read my book. The game was over before 8, and I wrote an email to the CVGS list about the Research Trip and the board meeting, then spent time reviewing the ProGen book sample fee structure and contract for my own fees and contract draft due yesterday. Oops! Then this post, and I'm done for the day.
Genealogy today was 8.0 hours - 1.0 hour doing email, 0.5 hour reading blogs, 0.5 hour on Facebook, 1.5 hours blogging, 1.0 hour searching the Unclaimed Person, 2.0 hours on Project M, 0.5 hour on CVGS work, and 1.0 hour on the ProGen assignment.
Genealogy and family research are an obsession for me. Yea, verily, I am a Geneaholic!
Monday, September 1, 2008
2 comments:
- A rootdigger said...
Why did you have to finnish before 2009 released. Is it going to be difficult.
I am not planning on obtaining the 2009. I do hope there will be no problems with not doing so. Can you tell me, or redirect me to where I can go to hear the true stuff about 2009 version.
jo - September 2, 2008 at 10:35 AM
- Moultrie Creek said...
Randy, do you have ancestors in Chattooga County? My mother was born there and it's been a second home all my life. I highly recommend the Chattooga County Historical Society. Their quarterly is always interesting. They should have a page on GAGenWeb - if not, I'll be happy to send it to you.
- September 2, 2008 at 2:34 PM
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Modeling XML Vocabularies with UML: Part I
- The Role of Models in XML Applications
- What Is UML?
- Conceptual Models of XML Vocabulary
- Design Models of XML Schemas
- Tips for Success
- References
The arrival of the W3C's XML Schema specification has evoked a variety of responses from software developers, system integrators, XML document analysts and authors, and designers of B2B vocabularies. Some like the richer structure and semantics that can be captured with these new schemas when compared to DTDs, while others complain about excessive complexity. Many find that the resulting schemas are difficult to share with wider audiences of users and business partners.
I overlook many of these differences of opinion and simply view XML Schema as implementation syntax for models of business vocabularies. Other forms of model representation and presentation are more effective than W3C XML Schema when specifying new vocabularies or sharing definitions with users. In particular, I favor the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a widely adopted standard for system specification and design. My goal in this article and the following two in this series is to share some thoughts about how these two standards are complementary and to work through a simple example that makes the ideas concrete.
Although this discussion is focused on the W3C XML Schema specification, the same concepts are easily transferred to other XML schema languages. Indeed, I have already applied the same techniques to creating and reverse-engineering DTDs and SOX schemas, as well as RELAX, TREX, and their new integrated offspring RELAX NG. In general, I will use the term schema with a lowercase s when referring to this entire family of XML schema languages.
The Role of Models in XML Applications
Few people can fully comprehend all aspects of a large inter-enterprise system at one time; they must divide and conquer the problem as a set of alternate models and views. Each of these models deliberately ignores aspects of the system that are not relevant to its purpose. Building these kinds of models is fundamental to the way we cope with the complexity of everyday life by ignoring unnecessary details to enable us to focus on the task at hand. Different stakeholder groups have different needs with respect to abstraction and focus.
In the context of B2B system integration, all business partners must agree on the information models that define the vocabulary for task-oriented communication. The models include the data structure for XML documents that are exchanged, as well as the process models of the extended dialogues that are required to complete complex business transactions.
Historically in system analysis and design, there have been a variety of techniques, tools, and methodologies for guiding and supporting these alternative models of the system structure and behavior. When no formal methods or tools are applied, models are still created using PowerPoint, Visio, or paper and pencil to help communicate a system's purpose and function. Even when you don't write them down, you create models in your mind as a way to comprehend the myriad of details. An XML schema is also a vocabulary model, written in the syntax of that specification language.
A high-level process for developing XML vocabularies is shown in Figure 1 below. It includes three decision points that determine the final vocabulary definition, regardless of which schema language is used. Data-oriented versus text-oriented applications may have different usage requirements. For example, a data-oriented vocabulary can be optimized for serialization of objects or database query results and its constraints should be carefully aligned with the datatypes and referential integrity constraints of its sources. These data-oriented documents may never be viewed by humans, other than by developers testing the application.
A text-oriented vocabulary often has human users who need to edit the XML documents, with or without the assistance of GUI editing tools. Its structure must be easily understood by webmasters who write stylesheets that transform and present the documents' content. An XML vocabulary design that works perfectly for data interchange might cause human users to call for the lynching of its developers. Don't forget the needs of your users when creating the XML schema!
Figure 1 UML activity diagram for schema development process.
The process diagram in Figure 1 is a UML activity diagram, which is one of nine diagram types defined by that standard. This diagram was created using Rational Rose, one of the most widely used UML modeling tools. Most of our discussion, however, is focused on the UML class diagram that is used to specify static information structure of a systeman XML vocabulary in our application context.


text: On Thu, 3 Jul 2008, Bogdan Costescu wrote: > On Wed, 2 Jul 2008, Robert G. Brown wrote: > >> if you try to start up a second daemon on that port you'll get a EADDRINUSE >> on the bind > > While we talk about theoretical possibilities, this statement is not always > true. You could specify something else than INADDR_ANY here: > >> serverINETaddress.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); /* Accept all */ > > or bind it to a specific network interface (SO_BINDTODEVICE). Then you can > bind a second daemon to the same port, but with a different (and again not > INADDR_ANY) local address or network interface. Many daemons can do this > nowadays (named, ntpd, etc.). Sure. I meant on a single wire, single IP number (and included sample code), not that you couldn't offer network services on more than one network from a single machine. Ultimately, raw networking is really difficult, and I'll freely admit that even though I've WRITTEN some network apps, I'm far from expert. I code with Stevens in one hand and examples in the other, typing with my nose, and pray. So any of y'all that have written a lot of networking code will have direct experience of edges I have not yet explored. This is one reason that people use PVM and MPI and so on. It can be argued (and has been argued on this list IIRC) that raw networking code will always result in a faster parallel program, all things being equal, because encapsulating it in higher level abstractions always comes at a cost (even though in many practical cases the people who wrote those abstractions were better parallel coders than the person trying to write the code anyway, so things are not equal, so the resulting code will be MORE efficient than what one would get unless one worked really hard and learned all the tricks used in the library to where one could go beyond them). It is pretty easy to write a single task server. There is template code for it. It isn't horribly difficult to write a forking server. There is template code for it. As you go up in complexity and expected load beyond where these will work, you have to learn, and you will find it harder and harder to find good, simple, templated code to start your project with. Such is life. And it isn't easy to learn. Few people teach it because few people know it. There aren't a lot of good books on it that I know of (outside of Stevens). One has to learn the hardest of ways; on the job, by doing, by making mistakes. I certainly have learned the modest bit that I know on my own, and haven't had any need to go beyond it (yet) to the next level. And if God is good to me, I will never have to design a 20 Kconnection webserver, and can die in peace in my state of relative ignorance...;-) rgb > > -- Robert G. Brown Phone(cell): 1-919-280-8443 Duke University Physics Dept, Box 90305 Durham, N.C. 27708-0305 Web: http://www.phy.duke.edu/~rgb Book of Lilith Website: http://www.phy.duke.edu/~rgb/Lilith/Lilith.php Lulu Bookstore: http://stores.lulu.com/store.php?fAcctID=877977


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Diablo III patch 1.0.5a is now live in the Americas. Check out the full patch notes below to learn about all the latest changes.
Important: Please note that you will not be prompted to download patch 1.0.5a until the patch is live in your home region. If you are logging in from a European or Asian client, you will need to wait for this patch to release in that region before it can be installed. Additionally, if your home region is the Americas, you will be unable to log into Europe or Asia using Global Play after patch 1.0.5a is live until those regions have also patched.
Diablo III Patch 1.0.5a – v.188.8.131.5280
The latest client patch notes can be found here.
Visit our Bug Report forum for a list of known issues.
Bug Fixes
- Fixed a crash that could occur on a machine with eight or more core processors
- Fixed some additional service crashes
- Fixed a variety of truncated tooltips (applies only to Italian, Polish, and Russian clients)
If you are experiencing technical issues with the patching process, connecting to Battle.net after installing the patch, or errors while playing a newly-patched game, please visit our support site or post in the Technical Support forum for assistance.


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The attack typically rephrases the arguments in a tone somewhere between mocking and ominous, at once undermining the argument by ridiculing it and associating it with Anti-Semitism, particularly ridiculous as Geller is Jewish, and Islam is undeniably Anti-Semitic.
In a recent New York Times interview, the blogger Pamela Geller leveled many serious charges against Islam; she stated that Muslims curse Jews and Christians during their five-times-a-day prayer; that the only good Muslim is a secular Muslim; and most perniciously, she said that the Qur'an has never been properly translated, insinuating that it contains dark secrets about Muslims and their religious responsibilities.
There's a huge reach from, "it was never properly translated" to "it contains dark secrets." I feel the Torah has never been properly translated either. That doesn't mean it contains dark secrets. It means it's never been properly translated. I can say the same thing about many novels in languages which don't share much common linguistic ancestry with English.
Wafa Sultan, who was raised an Arab Muslim, has said the same thing. As Gerecht himself points out, plenty of Koran translations do show that Islam is hostile to non-Muslims. There are some PC Koran translations, but the most popular ones used by Muslims are non-PC. The diversity of translations used by Muslims shows there isn't necessarily an ideal translation. Because in some cases there isn't even full agreement on what the Koran means. Stating that there should be an ideal translation means that Muslims and non-Muslims who don't know Arabic should know what the Koran says and doesn't say.
But J.J. Goldberg makes it his thesis that Geller claimed that the Koran contains "dark secrets." Now I don't claim to read her mind, but this is the quote, Goldberg is working off.
Now I also believe that a true translation, an accurate translation of the Koran, is really not available in English, according to many of the Islamic scholars that I've spoken to. That's deeply troubling. And I don't think that many westernized Muslims know when they pray five times a day that they're cursing Christians and Jews five times a day. I don't think they know that.
I don't claim to be able to read Geller's mind, but her reference was most likely to, the opening of the Koran, "Show us the straight path, the path of those whom Thou hast favored; not the (path) of those who earn thine anger nor of those who go astray."
This is generally thought to mean Jews as being the ones who earned Allah's anger, and Christians being the ones who have gone astray. Robert Spencer has gone into some detail on the subject here. The question here is less about literal translation and more about commonly understood references. Some translations of the Koran do add these words for clarification. Some maintain the original language.
But this is less about dark secrets, than it is about clarity. No one needs to argue the meaning of this verse in particular, to show that Islam commands Muslims to conquer and rule over non-Muslims. And Muslims who are familiar with the Koran, learn contextual meanings, rather than just the exact meaning of words. They are taught what the phrase means, rather than just being given a dictionary. This is not unusual with most religious works in most of the major religions. Any Westernized Muslims who do not know that the reference is to Jews and Christians, are either the product of a non-mainstream Islamic education, or no Islamic education whatsoever.
While one need not point to this verse to find that the Koran is hostile to Jews and Christians. The centrality of it however is what makes it so vital in Muslim religious life.
Gerecht has the unenviable task of making sense of J.J. Goldberg's speculations about what Geller said (rather than Goldberg emailing and asking her) and I have the unenviable task of making sense of that whole mess. A mess that has less to do with the Koran, than it does with silencing straightforward criticism of Islam, to only allow criticism of Islamic extremism.
Late in the piece, Gerecht makes the arguable claim that Muslims don't think about Jews and Christians when they pray and don't need to hate Jews and Christians to be Muslims.
And about Muslim prayer: I certainly have no perfect way of knowing what Muslims think when they pray, but I really do think they know what they're doing. If westernized Muslims are facing the Almighty, they know what's in their hearts. Devout Muslims need not hate Jews and Christians to worship the Creator.
While Jews and Christians are not the focus of Muslim prayers, neither are they absent from them as bad examples, as has already been shown above. This is another strawman that substitutes one argument for another. Islam is based on Allah's rejection of Jews and Christians, and the Koranic claim that Jews and Christians rejected Mohammed. The separate existence of Jews and Christians is in Muslim eyes a testament to their heresy or unbelief. For if they truly believed, they would be Muslims.
Can devout Muslims not hate Jews or Christians? Only if we define devout differently than Mohammed, who Gerecht admits hated both.
But from a technical standpoint, devout Muslims need not hate Jews and Christians. They're just commanded not to befriend them, and to subjugate and kill them. But if they can do so with no more emotion than machines, perhaps Mohammed would still approve. This is hardly much of a defense though. It is no comfort that your murderers did not hate you personally, but were only acting on orders from their holy book.
Reuel Gerecht is correct that Muslims are more than just physical embodiments of the Koran, but nor can you casually talk about Muslims, without acknowledging that they strive to live by the Koran as an ideal. Muslims are human beings who feel the same things we do. But so were the followers of National Socialism or the guards in the watchtowers of Soviet Gulags. There were, for example, Nazis who killed Jews, but also saved some of them. That the same man who oversaw mass murder, might save a child, tells us that people are complex. But it is no denial of what Nazism is, or what Nazis did, or even what this man in particular did.
This is what makes the casual and easy liberal reductionism of statements such as "Christians and Jews and atheists are much more than the sum of their parts...So, too, are Muslims" into a license for dismissing facts, in favor of some generic sense of human unity.
Human beings are indeed more than the sum of their parts. But they are still mostly defined by one part or another. By culture, nationality, creed and faith. We cannot ignore those by arguing that we are all the same. We are the same, but that just means that we all have good and evil inside us. That we strive to do what we think is good, by the lights of our ideals. And that to understand who we are, we must look at what those ideals say. A good Muslim is fundamentally different than a good Christian, Jew, Buddhist, Hindu or atheist. Trial after trial of terrorists who quote devoutly from the Koran testify to that.
Being Muslim is a choice. Geller has argued that Muslims in the West should be fully informed of what that choice entails. There is no serious counterargument to be made in that regard. Nor can there be. To ignore that is to perpetuate terror. Because the unexamined Koran is a ticking time bomb. And it's a bomb that we're sitting on.


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Heavy metal has lost all form of legitimacy as musical genre.
I believe it has evolved, or devolved, to the point where it has become something so different from what it once was, that it now is a different genre all together.
People could argue that music trends change constantly with new generations that influence what is popular. However, jazz is still jazz, blues is still blues, but metal is no longer metal. Traditional forms of music such as the ones I mentioned have changed over time, but not as quickly or as drastically as metal. In fact, the only other genre that seems to change so often and with such extremes is pop music.
There are many factors that have caused the change, and the biggest is the over-monopolization of record labels. But that's not what I want to talk about. Recently I decided I no longer want to be known as a metal guitar player. My reasons will hopefully be explained through this blog post. Here are my three biggest issues with heavy metal bands today.
The first is the loss of the blues influence in metal. If my memory serves me correctly, I believe the first time the phrase "heavy metal" was used was to describe Jimi Hendrix in a review in the '60s. Following this, it was used as a marketing phrase by record labels to describe bands in the late '70s. Finally, by the '80s heavy metal had become its own genre and formed numerous sub genres (far too many to list).
I don't want to get into the debate of what is or isn't metal, but the three bands that seem to come up consistently when talking about the origins of metal are Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple and Black Sabbath. All three were blues-influenced hard rock bands, and that is where is metal came from. On a side note: All three bands don't like to refer to themselves as heavy metal.
If you analyze metal music released today, you'll notice the lack of blues influence. The loss of the blues in metal is something that happened gradually over the last 20 years. This is evident when listening to guitar solos from current metal guitarists, which leads to my next problem.
Why do all new metal guitarists sound the same and have a lack of individuality?
Have you noticed all virtuoso metal guitarists try to sound musically intellectual by stating that in addition to metal they are influenced by classical and jazz fusion? It's become such a cliche, but virtually all "'shredders" list these two genres as influences. I would bet that 99 percent of them are only interested in the technical nature of those genres and have absolutely no interest in the musical properties or the actual compositions.
The new generation of metal guitarists is so busy trying to show what they can do technically that they've forgotten that the point of a guitar solo is to make something that is interesting musically and that the listeners will enjoy. My advice to young guitar players is to focus on melody. You will actually stand out and be unique if your solos express emotion rather than just demonstrate your technical prowess.
Finally, the thing that annoys me the most about metal is how ridiculous the majority of the so-called "metal musicians" look and act.
Do you remember the film This Is Spinal Tap? Metal has gone so far beyond that film that I don't believe the majority of musicians can be taken seriously based on how they look and act.
I regularly research new bands online, and after seeing so many band photos and music videos where the musicians are trying to portray a "metal image," I can't help but feel as if it's being forced. If you look at the classic metal bands from the '70s, such as Zeppelin, Purple and Sabbath, they didn't feel the need to dress up or try to act tough. Look at any video of those bands performing live, and all you will see on stage is the musicians and their instruments. Those bands had no gimmicks; it was 100 percent about the music. Only inferior musicians need to make a spectacle out of themselves to sell their music.
My advice to metal bands today would be to focus on being good musicians and making amazing music.
As I mentioned in the beginning, due to the over-monopolization of record labels, it's impossible to get a deal with a big label unless you have a marketing gimmick and are fashionable. The whole industry has become so corporate that you need to fit a certain mold in order get interest. It's a real shame because that's not how metal used to be. Today metal has such strict boundaries on how you must look, act and sound that there's little room for creativity or musicianship.
I didn't even begin to talk about the production used on metal today where bands have sacrificed the feel and soul of their instruments in exchange for a punchy mix.
My goal with this blog post is to provoke discussion. I'm not an authority on the subject. I'm just a fan who loves classic metal bands like Rainbow, early Van Halen, Thin Lizzy, etc.
Will Wallner is a guitarist from England now living in Los Angeles. He is the lead guitarist for White Wizzard (Earache Records) and in 2012 toured Japan, America and Canada. He recently signed a solo deal with Polish record label Metal Mind Productions for the release of his debut album, which features some of the most influential musicians from hard rock/heavy metal. Follow Will on Facebook and Twitter.


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Hello, and welcome! I am joining in today for the first time in a few years to celebrate and tour all of the studios shared with the 7th annual Where Bloggers Create Tour! In case this is the first time you have ever visited my blog, let me introduce myself. My name is Cerri, and I have been the owner of a sweet little shop for the past eight years, The Little Pink Studio. I also run a monthly craft subscription service, The Little Pink Box, and am co-owner (and chief Mom in charge) with my oldest daughter in a planner supply business opening mid August called It's Paper, Dear. This is where all of the creative things happen in our home. Since this is quite the photo heavy post, please grab yourself a glass of iced tea and enjoy! I will try to keep my rambling to a minimum.
My studio is in a large open area in the middle of our home. It is divided from our library by a huge floor to ceiling stone fireplace and opens to our kitchen on one side. Since it is only divided by the fireplace and a kitchen wall, there are not any doors to my studio. I have made separations with old windows and columns as you can see in the photos below.
Behind the windows are some of my vintage mannequins, and we have installed little lights that shine onto them so that when looking in to the room, it appears as if you're looking into a boutique of sorts.
For the most part, our house does not get great lighting due to being surrounded by trees, but this particular room always has wonderful sunshine. It makes it feel so warm and cozy.
This is the sitting area side of the studio. The white love seat is from Ikea, and the pale blue settee and the little peach chair are vintage. In fact, all of the furniture in my studio is vintage except that love seat and a cube unit I have on another wall.
The 3 paintings on the right of this wall of some of my very favorite things. They were all painted by my great, great aunt. She was an amazingly talented woman that sadly passed in her early 40's while living in a mental institution. She painted SO many paintings that mostly everyone in our very large family has at least one original painting, all the way down to my generation. The furthest on the right is my original and the other 2 are copies of my mom's and aunt's originals. They are truly stunning in person.
You might have noticed that my walls are covered in fabric. We hung an unbleached muslin fabric on all of the walls, which looks just like a linen. The seams are covered all the way around the room with different vintage laces over a vintage pale peach satin ribbon. It's probably hard to see in the photos, but I love the way it looks.
My room is filled not only with supplies, but also my collections of pretty things I love.
All of these photos were taken in October, that's why there is a Halloween garland hanging from the cupboard, and there have been a a couple of changes since then. Mostly, just little changes like a cube unit filled with vintage lace and fabric, and there are more raskog carts from Ikea. (they're painted pink now, too)
And this beautiful kitty isn't currently visiting us. He's at home in Nashville with his Mom. :)
So, I think that's it! If you have any questions about anything, please feel free to ask. If you want to see particular uses of items in the room or a closer look at something, let me know that too and I will do another blog post about it. I feel blessed to have a large space, and would love to one day host workshops or small creative gatherings in my studio.
Thanks SO much for visiting today! I can't wait to take a look all around blog land at your beautiful spaces.
Have a wonderful weekend, Cerri


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Time, weather are right for armyworm invasion of fescue pastures, wheat fields
Time, weather are right for armyworm invasion of
fescue pastures, wheat fields
Scouting should start now, says MU Extension
Source: Wayne Bailey, 573-882-2838
COLUMBIA, Mo. – "Armyworms love cool, wet springs with lush grass growth,"
said Wayne Bailey, University of Missouri Extension entomologist.
"We have the conditions for an outbreak—and loss of all grasses," he said.
"The only thing holding down an armyworm hatch has been the windy nights. True
armyworm moths like calm nights to fly out to lay their eggs in dense forage.
High winds have kept the moths in hiding."
There are other reasons to expect armyworms this year. "The true armyworm
outbreaks come about every four years, and it's been four years since we've seen
large numbers."
A mass of armyworms moving across wheat fields and pastures can be
devastating. "Huge populations eat every grass blade in front of them. If you go
out one morning and all you see standing are the stems, you've had armyworms,"
Bailey said.
Bailey recommends early scouting of grasses by getting down on hands and
knees and digging into the debris on the ground. The small larvae hide at the
base of the plants during the day and feed at night, so they are easier to find
by scouting at night with a flashlight.
The tiny worms start eating the lower grass leaves and work upward. Early
detection when larvae are small allows easier control.
When mature armyworms are moving across the landscape in severe outbreaks,
aerial applicators often fly into the affected area to offer control.
Armyworms can be identified by colored bands on their sides. One stripe on
each side will be orange or salmon colored. The worms have four pairs of stubby
"abdominal legs," which they use for climbing grass leaves. Each leg has a
distinctive dark triangle.
The early larval stages might be less than a half-inch long, but when the
worms become two inches long, they cause major damage. When they eat all of the
forage, they move to new fields.
Armyworms receive their name from the way they march across fields, devouring
all leaves in their paths.
"When small larvae start feeding, the damage appears as smooth holes shaved
from the edge of the leaves," Bailey said. "Grasshoppers leave rough edges where
they eat. Armyworms cut neat holes."
The pests do not eat legumes but they consume almost any grass, including
corn. Their favorite foods in Missouri are tall fescue, especially in fields
saved for seed harvest, and wheat.
Armyworms cause most damage when the plants' flag leaves appear and seed
heads start to form.
Armyworm outbreaks can be quite localized, depending on where the moths fly
and lay eggs. "Scouting should start now," Bailey said.
Recently, the largest captures of night-flying armyworm moths have been in
the Bootheel counties and southwest Missouri. Moderate numbers were trapped in
northeast Missouri at Novelty and Mexico.
Recent spring rains and winds from the southwest may have brought large
numbers of armyworm moths into Missouri from as far south as the Gulf of
The four-year cycle of armyworms is linked to the population cycles of
beneficial insects that control the worms, Bailey said. When the army is on the
march, the beneficial insects build up. As the armyworms die off, the beneficial
populations decline.
"Last fall we saw very few beneficial insects," he said.
For more information, see "Potential for True Armyworm Problems in Grass
Crops" in the April 21, 2009, issue of Integrated Pest & Crop Management, a
newsletter published by the MU Plant Protection Programs. The newsletter is
available online at ppp.missouri.edu/newsletters/ipcm/.


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NE Warrants
If you ever have a warrant, you must know that you will be required to report to jail before the warrant is lifted. At the same time, if you aren't aware of the warrant and are caught by law enforcement, the inconveniences could be quite extreme.There are many different ways that a warrant is issued out for your arrest – only issued by an official court judge in relation to an offense you have committed, regardless of guilt. Even if you haven't been found guilty, you have to go to jail for the warrant to be removed, which could be a stay that lasts until pre-trial arraignment or even further.
If you may have committed an offense or even simply forgot about tickets that you were required to pay and the date has passed, you may have an arrest warrant that you aren't sure of, which can be found through a warrant check.
A warrant check is a tool for determining whether there is a warrant for your arrest, and can be done for various reasons:
· Making sure that you are not pending arrest if pulled over.
· Determining the appropriate steps to take in order to remove warrants or settle the case at hand.
· Consultations with an attorney who can help you locate the best route of solution.
· Increasing and ensuring your eligibility for employment.
Warrant Checks Online
If you are seeking the most convenient and quickest method of searching for a warrant in your name, you can definitely find a few great sources online, but that doesn't mean that you can always trust any site that offers warrant checks. You should be diligent about your safety online, only paying sources that you know offer the right thing.
You also want to ensure that the check is thorough so you aren't thinking that you have no warrants when you really do.
Checking Warrants in Person
You always have the right to visit various agencies in-person to complete a warrant check, with agencies including:
· Police Department
· Lawyer's Firm or Office
· Bail Bondsman Office
· Court Records or Criminal Division
Just remember that if you are in person, the check isn't discreet, and if in a police station, you will likely be taken in for the warrant if a warrant shows up. However, the other options offered can offer a great first step to the solution, offering a way to pay your bond before you go to jail so you don't have to stay incarcerated waiting on bail, with a lawyer advising you from point A to point B.


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There are so many tools for everything in marketing; sometimes to the point that it's overwhelming; however, using these tools is a necessary evil. It's all about finding the tools that are right for each aspect of your marketing efforts. What many forget, however, is that there are more tools than just those that help your actual marketing work. There are lots of tools out there that can help a marketing team run smoothly—behind-the-scenes tools, essentially.
Collaboration is a huge part of marketing and making sure that your online strategies are running smoothly because there are so many different factors you have to keep organized. Because of all these factors, you have to have a lot of people, and because of all these people, collaboration is inevitable. Using a few collaborative tools might be just what you're missing.
6 Tools to Help Online Collaboration for Marketers
The best part about these tools is that collaboration doesn't really change. You're used to marketing evolving constantly and therefore having to change some of the tools you use, but collaboration is always going to be important. Below are some of the most popular collaborative tools for online marketers to help you stay organized:
- Google Drive. Free for anyone who uses Gmail (particularly companies that have a Gmail address for all employees).
This is a free tool that I have been using for years and have found works great for collaboration. You can create any type of document, spreadsheet, presentation, folder, and more and share it with whomever you wish. You can also determine who is able to edit the document, so you can make updates in real-time. It's also nice that the system shows activity made to the file on the right-hand side of the screen so you know exactly where to look to see changes.
- Co-op. This works well for smaller companies who just need collaborative tools for small, simple tasks.
This is a really cool tool that allows a team to communicate all in one place. Most people use it for smaller tasks such as asking questions, posting an agenda for the day, or including news from around the office. It might not be the place where you post breaking news or assignments, but it's a good interface for people to just go in once a day in the morning and check things out.
- Basecamp. This tool is all about project management.
This is probably one of the most popular tools out there today for managing different projects. I personally use this tool to send out assignments to different people in our department. The team will see the assignments and be able to turn them in right there on the tool, which avoids a lot of back-and-forth emails. You also have plenty of space to leave comments or ask questions, and you can request that your comment be sent to certain people via email so that they get the message faster. If you have a content team, this is a must-have tool.
- Skype. Great if you have team members away from the office.
Skype works particularly well if you have different employees telecommuting, but even if not it can still be very useful. When most people think of Skype they think of simply calling someone and talking with them face to face, and while this type of collaboration and communication is great, the tool offers much more. You can share files, leave video messages, use the tool on your phone, and chat just as you would chat on a platform like Gmail. Did I mention it was free?
- Join. me. This is a free screen-sharing tool.
Again, this tool is great if you have people from different offices needing to collaborate. All you need to do is hop on a call and then you can actually show the other party what you're seeing on your screen and what exactly you're doing on that screen. In other words, it's as if the other party is staring at your screen and watching your every move. The coolest part about this is you can actually hand over the controls to the other party so that they can start showing you how something is done and you can sit and watch. This works great for designers or for different projects that involve a lot of teaching-by-showing.
- Dropbox. Basically, a tool used to share big files.
This isn't a tool that is talked about much for business (it's popular for picture sharing), but it has proven to work great for sharing big files of information. If you want to send a project over to your team quickly, you can just drag the file you want to share into a Dropbox folder that you set up for certain team members. Your whole team not only receives the large file, but they can editor and/or download it.
Amanda DiSilvestro is the Editor-in-chief for Plan, Write, GO. She has been writing about all things digital marketing, both as a ghostwriter, guest writer, and blog manager, for over 10 years. Check out her blogging services to learn more!


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multi_rails 0.0.4
#### MultiRails by Relevance, http://thinkrelevance.com Rob Sanheim - MultiRails lead MultiRails lets you test your Rails plugin or app against many versions of Rails in one sweep. #### DESCRIPTION: MultiRails allows easy testing against multiple versions of Rails for your Rails specific gem or plugin. It also has tentative support testing Rails applications against multiple versions of Rails. Use MultiRails to hook in Rails 2.0 testing in your continuous integration. Still working on Rails 2.0 support? Use MultiRails to see where your test suite falls down against the 2.0 preview releases of Rails. MultiRails was initially developed by members of Relevance while developing Streamlined against edge Rails. To see how Streamlined uses MultiRails, go to http://trac.streamlinedframework.org. #### FEATURES: * easily test plugins/extensions using a require from your test_helper.rb and a require in your RakeFile * rake tasks to test against a specified version of Rails, the latest version, or all versions * tentative support for testing plain Rails apps against multiple versions of Rails * Uses rubygems for version management of Rails #### TODOs: * improve docs on how to override what files are required by multi_rails * maybe add ability to load plain Rails versions -- ie checked out copies not in RubyGems #### NOTES: * (__For Rails apps only__) multi_rails will rename your vendor/rails directory to vendor/rails.off if it finds one within your rails app. We have to do this to make Rails fall back to RubyGems rails. Multi_rails will rename back to the correct vendor/rails when done testing, so it will not interrupt your app in normal use. * (__For Rails apps only__) multi_rails needs to add a line to top of your environment.rb to hook into -- see the instructions below for more details


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The Fourth of July is coming up quickly, which means it is time for fun, fireworks, and cookouts with friends and family. In case you will be hosting (or contributing to) such an event, these ice cream cupcakes are a fun patriotic dessert idea and a nice alternative to the traditional flag cake. (Not that I have anything against flag cake – in fact, it's still on my list of things to try.) Nevertheless, I find ice cream cupcakes to be an ideal dessert for casual get-togethers. They are popular with kids and adults, and the cool ice cream really hits the spot in the midst of all this summer heat.
Now normally I am not at all an advocate of using boxed mixes or similar convenience items, but in this case, I went ahead and used a box cake for a few reasons. Primarily because I wanted a pure white cake so that the batter would be colored correctly. Yes, I could have made a white cake from scratch, but since most white cake recipes involve separating eggs, beating the whites, and folding the whites into the batter, the whole process seemed just a little too much for a dessert already requiring multiple steps. Not only that, but the cake will be frozen and covered with ice cream so the actual flavor is not quite as important as when you are eating just a piece of cake. And finally, boxed cakes are not all that bad in a pinch. The combination of the cake and ice cream evoked feelings of a birthday party. These are a super fun and festive treat. Make them a part of your Fourth of July event!
Stay tuned next week for another Fourth of July recipe!
Red, White and Blue Ice Cream Cupcakes
Yield: 24 cupcakes
1 batch white cake batter*
Red and blue food coloring
1 batch vanilla bean ice cream (I used homemade, straight from the ice cream maker as it is very easy to top the cupcakes)
Fresh strawberry slices and fresh blueberries
*Note: A full recipe of cake batter could make a TON of these cupcakes. I only made 24 because I don't have more cupcake pans or room in my freezer for more, but you could make extra with the full batch of batter (or bake an extra cake layer for fun).
Preheat oven and prepare white cake batter as directed. Line two cupcake pans with foil liners. Divide the cake batter into two separate bowls, coloring one half with red and one half with blue food coloring. Drop approximately two tablespoons of batter into each cupcake liner so that you have 12 red and 12 blue cupcakes. Bake in the preheated oven until the cake is baked through and a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean. (Baking time will depend on the cake recipe you use, but for me it was about 10-11 minutes.) Allow to cool in the pans to room temperature. Then freeze for 15-30 minutes.
Once the cupcakes have frozen slightly, fill each cupcake liner to the top with vanilla ice cream. Freeze until firm and ready to serve. Just before serving, top the blue cupcakes with fresh strawberries and the red cupcakes with fresh blueberries.
Source: Annie's Eats, inspired by Joy the Baker


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PHOENIX (March 12, 2019) – How would you rate the quality of life where you live? What do you feel are the biggest strengths in your community? Residents can provide valuable input on questions like these and help inform where resources are needed in the community by taking a brief online survey at MaricopaHealthMatters.org now through June 30, 2019.
"This is a great opportunity to hear directly from residents about our community strengths and how we should prioritize future health improvement planning efforts," says Lilliana Cardenas, supervisor for the Office of Community Empowerment in the Maricopa County Department of Public Health. "Every resident of Maricopa County has a valuable perspective, and we want to hear as many of those as possible. Residents from all parts of the population and all areas of Maricopa County should complete the survey to make their voice heard."
Every three years, Maricopa County Department of Public Health, in collaboration with health care and community partners, conducts a Community Health Survey to develop a deeper understanding from residents about issues that relate to quality of life, availability of services, physical and mental health, and more. This survey is a key part of a more comprehensive community health review to identify the most important problems that can be addressed through community action. Past community health surveys have already been instrumental in drawing attention to emerging health issues, such as improving healthy food options in low-access communities.
Information collected in the survey will be kept confidential and used only in combination with others participating in the survey. No personal identifying information will be collected.
All community members ages 14 and up from every region of the Valley are encouraged to share their opinions. The survey is available in English and Spanish and takes approximately 10 minutes to complete online at MaricopaHealthMatters.org. It also can be accessed via mobile by texting @maricopa to 39242 (must include the @ symbol; standard text messaging rates apply).
For more information, or to obtain the survey in an alternative format, please visit www.MaricopaHealthMatters.org.


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There are claims there is no mind-body problem, on at least two different grounds: There is no mind to reduce to body, or no body to which mind can be reduced. The first of these two arguments is sometimes asserted by eliminative materialists, who claim that nothing in reality corresponds to our folk psychological notions of consciousness (Churchland 1981, Churchland 1986, Dennett 1978). As neuroscience progresses we will not reduce such notions to neural activity; we will abandon them, much as we abandoned phlogiston. We will instead adopt the language of neurophysiology.
The second argument, that there is no body to which mind can be reduced, is made most notably by Chomsky (1980, 2000), who argues that there has been no coherent formulation of the mind-body problem since Newton introduced action-at-a-distance and, thereby, destroyed any principled demarcation between the physical and non-physical. Chomsky concludes that consciousness is a property of organized matter, no more reducible than rocks or electromagnetism (Chomsky 2000, p. 86). However, what counts as matter is no clearer than what counts as physical. And why should we expect, in the non-dualistic setting that Chomsky endorses, that consciousness is a property of matter rather than vice versa ?
[Conscious Realism and the Mind-Body Problem, Source 1]
Over-generous funding for over-ambitious projects turns out to be a characteristic speciality of US academia. Following Europe's self-destruction in the second world war, Chomsky explains, the US found itself with unprecedented power and prestige. This led to the confidence, first expressed in the 1950s and still expressed today, that with the US having conquered the world, its scientists could now conquer the last frontier - the human mind.
"We've just finished a 'decade of the brain' programme backed by major foundations. The closing conference at the United Academy of Arts and Sciences produced the very confident statement that the body/mind problem will soon be overcome and that the mind will finally be understood.
"Well, firstly, there is no such problem, because there has been no coherent concept of body since Isaac Newton, so there's nothing to overcome. And secondly, the confidence is completely misplaced since we can't even explain how the human visual system can recognise a straight line. The truth is that there's still a huge gap between current understanding and the mental aspects of the world we're trying to account for."
Despite having revolutionised the way we think about language and the mind and notwithstanding the considerable insights produced by almost half a century of sustained research, Chomsky still finds his work criticised outright as "mentalistic" and therefore unscientific on the grounds that it cannot be reduced to physics. Chemistry, he argues, was not reducible to physics, but that didn't make it unscientific. Rather, it was physics which had to be reconstituted so as to be able to incorporate a virtually unchanged chemistry.
Many modern thinkers, he says, simply haven't understood the full significance of Newton's discovery of gravity. "The possibility of affecting objects without touching them just exploded physicalism and materialism. It has been common in recent years to ridicule Descartes's "ghost in the machine" in postulating mind as distinct from body. Well, Newton came along and he did not exorcise the ghost in the machine: he exorcised the machine and left the ghost intact. So now the ghost is left and the machine isn't there. And the mind has mystical properties.
[Source 2]
The usual assumption is that we have a clear understanding of what matter is, and that the difficulty has to do with explaining how thoughts, sensations, and other mental phenomena relate to material processes in the nervous system. Are the former identical to or supervenient upon the latter? Various anti-materialist arguments purport to show that they cannot be either, which seems to entail some form of dualism. But in that case we face the interaction problem. In any event, the "body" side of the mind-body problem is usually taken to be unproblematic; it is mind that raises the puzzles, or so it is thought.
Chomsky rejects this assumption. In his view, "body" is as problematic as mind; so much so that we do not even have a clear idea of what the mind-body problem is. As he writes in Language and Problems of Knowledge: The Managua Lectures:
The mind-body problem can be posed sensibly only insofar as we have a definite conception of body. If we have no such definite and fixed conception, we cannot ask whether some phenomena fall beyond its range. The Cartesians offered a fairly definite conception of body in terms of their contact mechanics, which in many respects reflects commonsense understanding. Therefore they could sensibly formulate the mind-body problem… (p. 142)
[However] the Cartesian concept of body was refuted by seventeenth-century physics, particularly in the work of Isaac Newton, which laid the foundations for modern science. Newton demonstrated that the motions of the heavenly bodies could not be explained by the principles of Descartes's contact mechanics, so that the Cartesian concept of body must be abandoned. (p. 143)
In other words, when we think of causation in the natural world as Descartes did – that is, as involving literal contact between two extended substances – then the way in which a thought or a sensation relate to a material object becomes mysterious. Certainly it cannot be right to think of a thought or sensation as making literal physical contact with the surface of the brain, or in any other way communicating motion in a "push-pull" way. But when we give up this crude model of causation, as Newton did, the source of the mystery disappears. At the same time, no systematic positive account of what matter as such is has ever really been put forward to replace Descartes' conception. Hence, Chomsky continues:
There is no longer any definite conception of body. Rather, the material world is whatever we discover it to be, with whatever properties it must be assumed to have for the purposes of explanatory theory. Any intelligible theory that offers genuine explanations and that can be assimilated to the core notions of physics becomes part of the theory of the material world, part of our account of body. If we have such a theory in some domain, we seek to assimilate it to the core notions of physics, perhaps modifying these notions as we carry out this enterprise. (p. 144)
[Source 3]
Well, I think we are not in Kansas anymore… ;)
Lecture: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5in5EdjhD0


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Suppose there are 3 persons, Alice, Bob and Peter.
They are identified by their pseudonyms (public RSA keys).
Alice has a key Alice
, Bob has Bob-Work
and Bob-Friends
. Peter has Peter
knows Alice
. Alice
expresses trust to Bob-Work
Peter knows Bob-Friends
The question is, How can Bob-Friends
prove to Peter
, that Bob-Work
he's being trusted by Alice
(and therefore Bob-Friends
too), without revealing that Bob-Work
and Bob-Friends
belong to the same person, and/or plausibly deny such a fact?
NOTE: We do not discuss timing attacks here (such as "Please express trust to THAT pseudonym and I'll see who will appear as trusted to me afterwards")
I have a possible solution involving a "credit system", where participants emit "trust tokens" which can then be transferred by their recipients. But, this has a downside of having to support a LONG credit transfer history. Is there a solution that does not need it?
P.S. Please retag this question appropriately (reputation, trust etc) - I can't create new tags yet :)


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The "Lighthouse" was designed by Canadian architecture studio LineBox.
This modern city house (4,500 sq ft) was designed for a family of five members and is located in Lindenlea, one of the smallest neighborhoods of Ottawa, Canada.
The LightHouse by Linebox Studio:
"Lighthouse was designed for a family of five, looking to relocate from a rural setting to a modern urban dream house. It is a 4,500 square foot urban infill house in Ottawa's planned Lindenlea community, adjacent to the city's "old money community of Rockcliffe Village." As the kidney-shaped site is wedged between the parking lot of the community centre to the southwest and a forested 40-foot escarpment to the north, it presented unique challenges and opportunities to coordinate views with desires for light.
The primary glazed façade was therefore oriented north thus ensuring privacy on the south side while allowing the space to be filled with diffused light. This orientation also addresses concerns about overheating in the summer. Vertical windows along the south allow streams of sunlight to reach deep within the house and obscure undesirable views of the parking lot.
The design is based on a"vertical stacking of both open and closed spaces and minimal details that establish an ascending hierarchy of social and private spaces." Splayed around a spiraling steel and maple staircase that rises within a vertical glass shaft are rooms that exude airiness and a sense of connectivity. "The large side entrance with a limestone floor creates a generous 'shedding' area" for the teenage kids which then leads into the open kitchen and dining area.
The sleek Irpinia cabinetry is "neutral in tone and is spatially defined by a large granite-topped island with a lower, table-height extension" for spreading out homework or gathering around to socialize. The space is characterized by views of exterior foliage and Mooi pendant lights that bring down the sense of scale and soften the otherwise crisp, rectilinear volumes.
The elevated great room with its 22-foot high ceilings, warm maple floors (all floor have radiant heating), and crisp white walls is uncluttered and absent of visible light fixtures. This room showcases art and facilitates conversation. Floor-to-ceiling commercial-grade windows wrap the north corner of the room, expanding the space into the forest beyond. The two-sided fireplace that screens the front entrance provides a "welcome beacon of warmth to new arrivals on a cold night" and fills the living room with its playful glow. The second storey has a sizeable landing that wraps around the staircase shaft and serves as the children's rooms, a bathroom and a loft office overlooking the double-height living room. The top "tree house" level is a boutique hotel style master suite and roof-top terrace with spa and spaces for working, reading and sleeping.
Shaped by the unique site conditions and the lifestyle of a busy modern family, Lighthouse addresses the need for both privacy and connectivity. It balances freshness with warmth, contrasts natural with urban and celebrates a rare rural oasis within Ottawa's city centre."
Photos by: Christian Lalonde


text:
Winds and ice,
Not very nice.
But mom and dad
Make it not so bad.
There are several species of us.
But some of us are endangered:
Karen Lyons Kalmenson
Hello! I have managed to incorporate my eternal Woodstock nation spirit with the high tech 21st century world. I am an artist / writer / photographer, who dabbles in rhyme, and, sometimes, reason. My passions are my husband, who is truly the wind that ruffles my sails, animals rights, yoga … waking up in the morning. I find inspiration in too many things to list, and far too many more to remember. Sketching, watercolor painting, poetry and photography are my ways of expressing joy and gratitude. From living with a chronic illness, I have learned the beauty of each day, and treat each as another sun salutation, and another chance.we are also the proud parents of magic mikey, a special needs senior noble macaw who adopted us on september 11, 2014


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Documenting ASHRAE 90.1 compliance
There are three paths to ASHRAE 90.1 compliance, and documenting compliance with Standard 90.1 is not as difficult or confusing as engineers believe it to be.
ASHRAE Standard 90.1—Energy Conservation in New Buildings Except Low-Rise and Residential Buildings—was originally published in 1975. The current standard is 90.1-2010, and it was rewritten with the goal of reducing building energy costs by 30% compared to the 2004 version of the standard.
ASHRAE 90.1 addresses the energy-efficiency requirements for the design, materials, and equipment used in nearly all new construction, additions, renovations, and construction techniques. The requirements of 90.1 affect the overall energy efficiency of any structure and can reduce the energy needed to maintain a healthy, comfortable, and fully functioning indoor environment. The standard applies to:
- Building envelope
- HVAC systems, equipment, and controls
- Service water heating systems and equipment
- Power
- Lighting systems, equipment, and controls
- Other equipment.
While ASHRAE 90.1 covers many areas in a building, this article will concentrate on the HVAC requirements of ASHRAE 90.1 (Section 6 of the standard). There are several common methods available to document compliance, including prescriptive forms, software-generated forms, and modeling runs. ASHRAE also publishes the 90.1-2010 user's guide, which can be a big help in clarifying the requirements of the standard and includes the necessary compliance forms.
ASHRAE 90.1 provides for exceptions to the compliance requirements. Simply put, the exceptions are:
- When HVAC serving a building addition is provided by existing HVAC systems and equipment (new systems installed as part of the addition still must comply with the standard)
- Equipment that is being modified or repaired but not replaced
- Where replacement or alteration of a piece of equipment requires extensive revisions to other systems, equipment, or elements of a building
- For a refrigerant change of existing equipment
- For the relocation of existing equipment
- For ducts and pipes where there is insufficient space to meet the requirements of Section 6.
The easiest method for documenting compliance with 90.1 is to download the compliance forms from the ASHRAE website. The forms are provided as PDFs and can be modified and printed. They also serve as a good template if you prefer to create compliance forms on your company letterhead. If, as we do, you place too much value on your time to "reinvent the wheel," just use the "stock" ASHRAE form.
Once you have determined whether your building must comply with the standard, the next step is to determine the best path for compliance. Standard 90.1 gives you three options:
- The simplified approach option for HVAC systems (Section 6.3)
- Mandatory provisions (Section 6.4) required for prescriptive path (Section 6.5)
- Mandatory provisions (Section 6.4) required for energy cost budget (ECB, Section 11).
The simplified approach option for HVAC systems can reduce the effort required to show compliance for small buildings with gross floor area less than 25,000 sq ft. Many of the requirements in Section 6 do not apply to simple systems, so the small building criteria have been compiled into one section (6.3). It is intended to alleviate the designer's burden of sorting through requirements that are not applicable while still maintaining consistent requirements with the prescriptive path.
The prescriptive compliance path may be used for any HVAC system, but it is primarily used for larger buildings and buildings with more complex systems where the simplified approach option is not applicable, such as multi-zone systems or central plants. Systems complying using the prescriptive path also must meet the mandatory provisions of Section 6.4
The energy cost budget method is intended for building systems that are unable to meet all of the prescriptive requirements or for designers who want to explore design alternatives. It allows trade-offs between various building systems and components. A computer program is used to calculate the design energy cost for a proposed building design as if all mandatory and prescriptive requirements had been met. The program is then used to calculate the energy cost for the proposed design. The energy cost for the proposed design cannot exceed the energy cost for the budget design. Systems complying using the ECB method must also meet the mandatory provisions of Section 6.4 as well as the ECB requirements in Section 11.
Documenting the simplified approach
Part 1 of the form is specifically for using the simplified approach option. It is laid out as a simple checklist for documenting compliance with each of the requirements, and is the only form required with this compliance option. There are 17 requirements in that section, and your systems must comply with every applicable requirement. You'll still have to flip through the standard for each section to determine if you can "check the box." If your design is in compliance with all of the 17 requirements, the next step is to fill out the equipment efficiency table to include with the submittal. There is a simplified table included at the bottom of part 1 in the compliance form you downloaded.
Documenting the prescriptive path
Part 2 of the compliance form contains the mandatory requirements specified in Section 6.4. This includes tables for documenting the equipment efficiency. Beneath the efficiency tables are 10 general requirements and five special mandatory requirements. You'll need to check the box next to each requirement that applies to your system. If the system requirement is not applicable, just leave the box blank. Section 2 also includes a systems worksheet to help you document mandatory compliance for each air system. Part 3 of the compliance form contains a checklist of the prescriptive requirements for air, hydronic, and special systems.
All told, there are 13 requirements, and there is also a systems worksheet to help you document prescriptive compliance for each system. The compliance form also includes tables on the third page to document the standard's fan power requirements. You can use either the nameplate horsepower option or the brake horsepower option.
Documenting the energy cost budget method
When using the ECB method, the building design must still meet the mandatory provision of the standard, not only for the HVAC requirements (Section 6.4), but also for Sections 5.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4, and 10.4. The mandatory requirements in each of those sections are not available for trade-off under this method. In addition to documenting compliance with the mandatory provisions, the ECB method has some additional compliance requirements, including a summary to document design energy cost versus budgeted cost.
You'll also need to provide a list of energy-related features that exceed the standard's requirements, as well as a list of features that are being traded off. The input and output reports from the simulation program must be provided, including an energy usage breakdown, and the number of hours the heating and cooling loads are not met for both the budget building design and the proposed building design. Any error messages provided by the program must also be explained.
Submittal Requirements
The last step in documenting compliance for all paths is the submittal requirement, and it includes the following:
- Record drawings
- Record drawings must be provided to the owner within 90 days of building acceptance.
- Submittal data
- HVAC manuals
- Service agency
- HVAC control information
- Construction documents must require the systems to be balanced.
- A test and balance report must be provided to the owner for spaces greater than 5,000 sq ft.
- For projects larger than 50,000 sq ft (except warehouse and semi-heated spaces), the instructions for commissioning the HVAC system must be provided by the system designer in the project plans and specifications. These instructions are also included in the record drawings provided to the owner.
Documenting compliance with ASHRAE 90.1-2010 is a straightforward process, as long as you follow a systematic approach. The checklists and tables provided in the standard are not a submittal requirement, but are an invaluable tool in ensuring that you are not missing any of the requirements. This article has provided an overview of each of the three paths to compliance, and hopefully has shown that documenting compliance with standard 90.1 is not as difficult or confusing as many folks believe it to be.
Huber is president of Complete Commissioning, and is a National Environmental Balancing Bureau (NEBB) Certified Professional and a Certified Energy Manager.
Do you have experience and expertise with the topics mentioned in this content? You should consider contributing to our CFE Media editorial team and getting the recognition you and your company deserve. Click here to start this process.


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View more
Starting Point: Portland, Oregon
View more
Vineyards and Beaches: Perfect Pairing in Oregon
View more
Climb Mount Hood
View more
Unwind in Nature at Mount Rainier
View more
Savor Seattle
View more
Unique World of Water and Wildlife in The San Juan Islands
View more
Discover Washington's Natural Beauty in Bellingham
Pacific Northwest
- Route distance:
- 894 km
- Suggested Time:
- 6 days
Wine, water and whale watching along the coast
The Pacific Northwest refers to the northwestern portion of the USA bordered by the Pacific Ocean and Cascade Mountains, primarily the states of Washington and Oregon, but more broadly including parts of California, Idaho and Alaska. This lush region is known for its dramatic coastline, snow-capped mountains and lush forests, as well as unique and independent towns and cities with locals that prize outdoor adventure and local cuisine. A road trip is an ideal way to catch all of the sights this region is famous for. In the span of just a few days, you can experience everything from wine tasting and whale watching to coffee culture and coastal views – all without getting on a plane! What you'll need: a camera, waterproof hiking boots, plenty of light layers and an appetite for the outdoors.
Starting Point: Portland, Oregon
Start your tour of the Pacific Northwest by flying into Portland, Oregon's international airport. Here, rent a car and start exploring this famously quirky U.S. city, which draws foodies and culture fiends in droves. Fuel up with a tasty, fun-shaped pastry from Voodoo Doughnut in Old Town and pair it with a fair-trade latte from Portland's own Stumptown Coffee Roasters, which has now expanded around the USA. Head to the Lan Su Chinese Garden to witness an ancient tea ceremony or to the Portland Art Museum to view the more than 1,800 Japanese works. Don't forget to peruse Powell's City of Books, which covers a full city block and holds more than 1.5 million volumes. Don't miss the Pearl District and its boutiques. (Bonus: Oregon does not have a sales tax!) On weekends from March through December, the city's waterfront park hosts the Portland Saturday Market, a massive open-air crafts market.
Vineyards and Beaches: Perfect Pairing in Oregon
More than 400 wineries dot the hills west of Interstate 5 between Portland and Eugene, Oregon, about 180 kilometers south. It's here, in the Willamette Valley, that some of the country's best Pinot Noir is produced and bottled, making this a worthwhile detour on your Pacific Northwest road trip. At the south end of the valley, King Estate Winery offers tastings and views near Eugene. Before heading back north, you might want to make a detour west to the Oregon Coast where you'll find pristine beaches framed by rugged cliffs and charming beach towns.
Climb Mount Hood
After your tour of Oregon's wine country, head northeast to Mount Hood for a hike along the Mount Hood Trail, which leads to the top of the mountain. Near the summit, veer from the path and take a jaunt on the Pacific Crest Trail, near where Reese Witherspoon's character famously hurled her boot into a ravine in the movie Wild. In the winter you can ski or snowboard at Mount Hood Meadows. Make sure to stop at the nearby Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area for views of its often photographed waterfalls and hiking trails.
Unwind in Nature at Mount Rainier
Head north of Mount Hood to reach the border of Washington State. Volcanic mountains pierce the horizon throughout this beautiful state, but none as dramatically as Mount Rainier. Standing more than 4,300 meters above southern Washington, Mount Rainier is the tallest and most glaciated peak on the U.S. mainland. It's also home to more wildflowers than one can imagine, making Mount Rainier National Park an ideal springtime destination. In summer, the park offers hikes among ancient giant trees in the Grove of the Patriarchs and stunning waterfall views, while winter brings opportunities for a ranger-led snowshoe tour.
Savor Seattle
Mount Rainier National Park fades into the distance as you drive to Washington State's largest city, Seattle. Sitting at the edge of the picturesque Puget Sound, the city's core is surrounded by dynamic neighborhoods and punctuated by lakes. Park your car and catch a glimpse of the views from the Space Needle observation deck, nearly 160 meters above ground.
Be sure to stop by Pike Place Market, one of the oldest farmers markets in the USA. The market is worth a visit not only for its views of Puget Sound, but also for its vendors tossing fresh fish, produce and flower stalls, edibles from local purveyors, and the chance to get a cup of coffee at the original Starbucks nearby. More great restaurants, coffee shops, nightlife and bookstores can be found in the Capitol Hill neighborhood. Pop into Bauhaus Books & Coffee for pours and poems; hit Espresso Vivace, which is known for its devotion to java perfection; or head to Victrola Coffee and Art for a tasty pick-me-up and local art.
Unique World of Water and Wildlife in The San Juan Islands
Head north to get to Anacortes, where you can set sail on a Washington State Ferry (reservations can be made in advance) for the scenic San Juan Islands. These wild islands dotting the Salish Sea are home to breathtaking beaches, lush forests and plenty of wildlife. Spend a day touring San Juan Island by ziplining through the treetops or admiring the views from the water. Kayak-rental companies abound here, and charters offer tours of the Salish Sea and wildlife viewing excursions from quaint Friday Harbor.
Discover Washington's Natural Beauty in Bellingham
Hop back in the car and head north past sailboat-speckled bays, towering mountains and charming coastal towns to Bellingham, Washington, located near the U.S.-Canadian border. Bellingham is full of boutiques and restaurants, and you'll find many of them in the bustling Fairhaven Historic District. It is also home to the lovely waterfront Boulevard Park and nearby Whatcom Falls Park, which features scenic waterfalls and nature hikes.
Travel Information
Continue exploring
Explore more
Seattle Underground
Thor's Well
Hall of Mosses
Painted Hills
Crater Lake National Park
Venue Guide: Lesser-Known Hip Hop Spots
City Tour - Seattle, Washington
Olympic National Park
San Juan Islands National Wildlife Refuge


text:
Empowering Web Creativity
Support Center - EasyRotator for WordPress
EasyRotator KnowledgeBase – Adding Sliders to Your Theme's Header
You can use the template function included with EasyRotator for WordPress to add rotators to the header, homepage, or any other un-widgetized area of your theme. To do this, first create a temporary page. Create your rotator, and insert it into that page; this will allow you to obtain the rotator's special ID code. When you insert the rotator in your page, a shortcode similar to this will be inserted:
The erc_00_xxxxxxx
value is the rotator's ID code. To add this rotator to your template, use the Theme Editor (accessed via the Appearance menu in the Dashboard) to open the desired template file. For example, to add a rotator in the header of your theme, you would edit the header.php
file. In the template file, add the following PHP function call:
<?php easyrotator_display_rotator('erc_00_xxxxxxx'); ?>
Replace erc_00_xxxxxxx
with the real code you obtained by creating the rotator. The exact location where you should add the code depends on where you want the rotator to appear. For example:
If you're not sure where to add the code, we recommend you post on the WordPress forums for guidance.
We're Here to Help!
If you have any questions about this article or about using EasyRotator for WordPress, please let us know by opening a support ticket below.


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I currently have (tables changed):
UserID uniqueidentifier,
CompanyID uniqueidentifier, (for future reference)
.. more unrelated fields
(PK: UserID)
UserID uniqueidentifier,
MovieID uniqueidentifier,
RatingTypeID uniqueidentifier,
Rating tinyint
(PK: UserID, MovieID, RatingTypeID)
RatingTypeID uniqueIdentifier,
Title varchar(25)
(PK: RatingTypeID)
The RatingType table contains "Favorite", "Need to Watch", etc. So actual Rating value is how much they liked a Favorite, or how badly the want to watch a movie etc.
Now I introduce a new table:
CompanyID uniqueidentifier,
.. more unrelated fields
The idea is that if a user becomes part of a company, due to requirements that cannot change, all the Ratings need to be Company ratings and not User Ratings. I'm not a normalization guru, but for some reason creating another table (below) seems redundant, but maybe I'm thinking to much into it.
CompanyID uniqueidentifier,
MovieID uniqueidentifier,
RatingTypeID uniqueidentifier,
Rating tinyint
(PK: CompanyID, MovieID, RatingTypeID)
This feels incorrect because it almost matches the rating table and if I need to do any averages it becomes more difficult to average across two tables. Is there a better design for my needs?