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For decades, anyone who wanted insight into the cosmetics and toiletries market looked to the French consumer. France, the international hub for the beauty industry, has historically been the global pacesetter for cosmetics and toiletries. Even in the down economy, France retained its leading position in the global cosmetics industry, with nearly 25% market share worldwide.
Packaging has always played a critical role in brand recognition in beauty, and as the global beauty industry emerges from the recent recession, what trends and insights can brand owners and packaging manufacturers learn from French consumers now so that they can leverage these insights for the future?
MWV, for example, gleans insights from Parisian consumers in order to support advances of its beauty and personal care customers in 2011. Late in 2010, MWV conducted considerable research in Paris, as well as New York, regarding consumer preferences for airless dispensing systems for facial moisturizers and anti-aging skin care. The following implications arose from MWV's research in Paris, and provides insight for global brand owners to consider in 2011.
The Insights
Masstige brands benefit when they look like prestige brands. The economy forced consumers worldwide to change how they shopped for products, including beauty products. Even the French consumer made changes to her buying patterns for coveted beauty and personal care purchases. A 2009 Mintel report found that French women are the most dedicated to their beauty products, with 12% saying they cut back on other things to keep buying their favorite products. By comparison, less than one in 10 consumers in the U.S. and U.K. said the same.
However, the same report showed that French women are exceptionally frugal, noting that they prefer to wait until their products are on sale before purchasing them. Taking frugality into consideration, masstige brands in the market have an opportunity to capture more business from price-sensitive consumers in the market—ones who would have previously bought beauty and personal care products from a department store or specialty retailer.
Packaging can play a key role in capturing these consumers' attention, if the package's design mirrors the look and feel of prestige brands in the marketplace. Brand owners should consider using decorative effects or coloration to help masstige brands resemble prestige counterparts. These steps will capture the aspirational consumer—one who wants the chic prestige product but is not willing to pay for the brand.
Beautiful packaging captures consumers' eyes—and wallets. In both the U.S. and Europe, MWV has studied the notion of "counter worthiness"—meaning why consumers choose to display certain beauty products on their shelves or counters. MWV has found that beautifully designed packages often end up on a consumer's bathroom counter or shelf so that she can see them constantly.
Brands that end up in a visual place often get used more—which means that the consumer will often have to replace the product more often. MWV's research showed that women in Paris prefer tapered, feminine shapes for their products, and also prefer the look of glass jars vs. plastic. This insight yields two separate takeaways for brand owners to evaluate in 2011. First, brand owners should pay close attention to beauty when designing packaging. Pay attention to the sleek shape and other decorative effects that glass jars and dispensers afford, and work with a reputable packaging manufacturer to determine how to make this format appropriate for masstige skin care applications.
Next, the insight provides a real opportunity to help educate consumers on more hygienic packaging options than jars. Take airless pumps and dispensers, for instance. Airless dispensers fully protect the formulation from contact with oxygen, which ultimately preserves the efficacy of the product. Plus, because the consumer only comes in contact with the formulation when it is actually dispensed, the product is not routinely compromised by any oils or residues on the hands.
Additionally, European consumers have a strong interest in natural beauty and personal care products, and the market for organic and eco-friendly beauty products continues to grow—and is anticipated to outpace overall packaging over the next several years. However, there could be greater attention by industry players to the best packaging option for these natural products. [The January/February feature Doing More with Less and the November 2010 feature Sustainable Innovation touch on the subject of packaging natural products.]
MWV has identified airless dispensing systems as ideal packaging options for natural products, due to the sensitive nature of natural formulations. MWV, for instance, leverages its Pure Path Technology in its Aria, Prelude and Adagio airless dispensers. The technology includes a metal-free fluid pathway that ensures protection for a wide variety of high-viscosity, oxygen-sensitive cosmetic and personal care products.
MWV's Pearl and Pearl Mini airless dispensers leverage a slightly different innovation designed to protect the product's integrity: Rolling Bellow Technology—which leverages one single silicon piece that combines several functions. It notably replaces the metal spring, made possible by its unique design, so the product does not contact metal.
Packaging should also be carefully considered when developing cosmeceuticals. Cosmeceuticals (cosmetic applications that contain highly sophisticated or complex formulations in order to provide pronounced benefits to the consumer) are quickly rising in popularity in Europe and the U.S. Euromonitor International research found that anti-aging products that could be defined as cosmeceuticals accounted for 23% of the total global skin care market in 2008, and grew faster than any other product type within the beauty sector.
As cosmeceuticals rise in popularity, careful consideration must be paid to packaging. Since cosmeceuticals are perceived to have a medicinal or healing element, it seems natural to design packaging that has a more pharma-driven look and feel. MWV's research showed that European consumers shied away from cosmeceutical packaging that too closely resembles syringes or vials. MWV believes brand owners would be better suited by evaluating the right airless dispensing system that reinforces the medicinal aspect of the product but ensures a look and feel that more closely resembles a beauty product.
While the global landscape for the beauty industry is constantly evolving, packaging will always remain a critical aspect of a brand's image and allure. Brand owners will be best served by paying attention to consumer trends and insights from savvy and progressive shoppers, like French consumers, in order to advance their brands in 2011 and beyond.
Based in Barcelona, Eva Martin Fernandez is MWV's marketing manager in Europe for personal care products. MWV is a leading supplier of fragrance, personal care and cosmetic dispensing solutions with high quality sprayers and pumps. www.mwv.com


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Prior to 1985, philosophical discussions about race were conducted primarily, if not exclusively, along normative lines addressing whether and, if so, how moral or ethical salience should be granted to race and to government policy reliant on it in order to allow for differential treatment amongst groups of citizens. Bernard Boxill's Blacks and Social Justice (1984, 1992) was and still remains the standard bearer for those discussions. Yet, in the last 20 years, philosophical discussions about race have hinged on the question of whether or not race is a "real" or "objective" property. They have increasingly and predominantly focused on race's essentialism (or anti-essentialism), its realism (or anti-realism), its social constructivism rather than (1) its moral pertinence or impertinence to integration or to nationalism and (2) its legitimacy or illegitimacy in the framing of public policy acknowledging differential treatment along racial lines. In short, they have contributed to the idea that the metaphysics of race underwrites the political morality of race, such that any question of race's moral import rests first on resolving the question of whether race is real or not. Kwame Anthony Appiah's In My Father's House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture (1992) has been the standard bearer on this front.
Eze's recent book follows a third path with an intriguing and novel twist. Like Boxill and Appiah, Eze argues that race is not essential to understanding and defining humankind. However, unlike Boxill's and Appiah's philosophical accounts about race, Eze's takes seriously, in the first part of his book, the history of philosophy and is inseparable from it. Just as important, it takes seriously in the second part the philosophy of "negritude" as a significant response to that history and as a historical precursor to Africana philosophy. Rather than bring metaphysics to bear on race, illuminating race's conundrums, it brings race to bear on the history of modern metaphysical and moral thinking, illuminating modern philosophy's complicity with odious uses of race. It also brings race to bear on the history of Africana philosophy, illuminating negritude's and Africana philosophy's complicity with supposedly revalued uses of race. It thereby brings to the fore the idea that race has a significant impact on the genesis and structure of modern and of Africana philosophy, an impact Eze believes is best nullified than maintained.
Eze contends in the first part of his book that philosophical reflections on, say, the nature of the mind, the mind-body relation, the a priori conditions of knowledge, the nature of beauty and of morality arising during this time are fraught with "core racial assumptions" (xvi). As a consequence, modern philosophy, Eze contends, has not been impervious to intellectual processes and political courses of action that respectively have fashioned the idea of race and have shown the way to hostile campaigns in the name of race. Any version of the history of early modern philosophy to the contrary, as concerned only with "pure and universal questions about humanity" immune to the idea of race, would be the result of a "cultivated ignorance."
To be sure this is not the stock version of the history of early modern philosophy that we "mainstream" philosophers are accustomed to researching or teaching. Nor would we "mainstream" philosophers regard it as one of those versions that infrequently appears offering new insights into that history. Still Eze raises the specter that, within the history of modern philosophy, a philosophically grounded invidious use of race explicitly provided the full rationale for the subordination of Africans and other peoples of color, since modern philosophy had been complicit in Europe's material and symbolic superiority over and indifference to the social integration, socialization, and cultural reproductions of those within the non-European world.
The primary focus of modern philosophy, according to Eze, was the study of "man" or humanity as rational, as cultural, as civilized. Such a study required a notion against which the "varieties of man" or the varieties of humankind could be philosophically judged as either capable or incapable of reason, culture, and civilization. That notion was "race," which is the composite idea that intellectual and moral competencies are by nature unevenly distributed among the various populations of humankind and that such uneven distributions are bound up with certain physiognomic markers, which define so-called 'racial' traits, supposedly reveal the inner life of the population or individual members of it, and designate populations and their individual members as superior or inferior in regard to reason, culture, and civilization. According to Eze, modern philosophers took their racial theories as serious philosophical endeavors and as deriving from principles of their overall philosophical projects.
Eze's version of the history of modern philosophy is undeniably provocative. But it leaves a tad much to be desired with respect to the clarity, precision, and detailed articulation of central arguments. For example, Eze is critical of stock versions of modern philosophy for being "purely philosophical," that is concerned only with metaphysical and epistemological issues immune to, if not uncoupled from, what is taken as the political discourse of race. Eze's own version, however, assigns, say, Hume's and Kant's racial theories (51-111) squarely and exclusively to the philosophical realm, as a matter of the relatively autonomous history of philosophy, like Hume's naturalism or Kant's transcendental idealism. In effect, their racial accounts, in his mind, are part of the philosophical architecture of their naturalism and idealism respectively and necessarily woven into the history of modern philosophy. Eze, too, needs to examine their racial accounts in a "purely philosophical" arena as well.
Moreover, Eze does not assign Hume's and Kant's racial theories squarely to the arena of Realpolitik, does not define them as part of the political vernacular of the day. If he were to do so, their racial accounts would not be any different in kind from that of power brokers, seafarers, slaveholders, colonizers, missionaries, bureaucrats and the general public whose racism would not be part and parcel of certain philosophical principles, but would rest solely on factually false assumptions and beliefs about or contemptuous disregard for certain varieties of humankind. As a consequence, their accounts would neither follow from philosophical principles nor have the philosophically effective character he attributes to them.
So Eze too must isolate racial accounts allegedly affiliated with philosophical principles from politically rooted racial accounts in order for both his version and his critique of modern philosophy to take hold. His own indictment against modern philosophy's complicity with invidious uses of race requires by design an argument that still upholds the autonomy of philosophy to continue tackling matters that arise internally in its domain of inquiry, despite his claim to the contrary that the "disciplinary prejudice separating cultural studies and philosophy [needs to be] overcome" (19). This point is not altogether clear in his book because, at times, he claims intellectual processes other than philosophy fashioned the modern idea of race and, at other times, he claims philosophy cognitively formed that modern idea.
Nonetheless Eze's version as well as stock versions of modern philosophy would maintain that philosophy tackles issues that arise internally in its domain of inquiry. And, for Eze, race has so arisen and does so arise. It has not been extraneous to that domain, as the stock versions would have it. Hence, as he sees the matter, it is incumbent on philosophers to show how racial theories have been rendered as philosophical rationales for the subordination of non-European others and have been central and widespread in the history of modern philosophy. But racial theories as political rationales for such subordination have been central and widespread throughout Europe and its history as well. Indeed Eze does contend that racial theories have had brutal political consequences. Still such a contention is out of place and rather anodyne in comparison with the twofold aim of his book – (a) to show the philosophical underpinnings of racial theories emerging out of modern philosophy's examination of humankind and (b) to make it legitimately possible for philosophy, given its history, to account for the manifold experiences of a humanly diverse world without the use of race.
As I stated earlier, modern philosophy, Eze claims, made the study of "man" or humankind its primary focus. Such an examination brought modern philosophy in conjunction with anthropology, and anthropology organized then the recently available information about certain varieties of humankind, non-Europeans in general and Africans in particular, for inquisitive scholarly and philosophical minds. Although the incipient anthropology produced was at its root "physical" rather than "cultural," "geographical" rather than "ethnographical," Eze finds Hume's naturalism appropriate for displaying this conjunction and suitable to underwrite philosophically the racial theory Hume endorses.
Eze's argument here is quite tight and very plausible. Hume himself explicitly asserts that he seeks to establish a "science of man" to "explain the principles of human nature." Hume admits to nature's "original distinction" between "breeds of men" as the distinction between the "inferior" breeds of men (especially "the Negro"), which are "non-white," and the "eminent" breed, which is "white." He admits to the "uniformity and constancy" of nature's distinction, such that they extend even to the intellectual and moral aptitudes of humankind. Engaging in comparison, specifically when the objects of comparison are not present, is an intellectual aptitude, an aptitude of reason, enhanced in the "white" breed of men to the point that the establishment of arts and sciences flourishes, but diminished in "non-white" breeds to the point that the establishment of arts and sciences is non-existent. The natural propensity to sympathize with others is a moral aptitude that could serve as the basis for a common humanity or "a union of certain affections with each other in the inferior species of creatures as well as in the superior." But Hume gives, at best, trivial regard to sympathy overcoming nature's "original distinction." A "union of certain affections" is not a motivating impetus to fostering a common humanity, since nature's "original distinction" denies the possibility of a common humanity. So sympathy could not override nature's "original distinction."
All in all, then, Hume's racism, it can be plausibly argued, is "hardwired" to his naturalism, a conclusion that appears to support Eze's project.
Can similar conclusions, however, be rendered for Kant? Although familiar with and, to some extent, influenced by Hume's views on race, Kant is a pioneer in the development of scientifically grounded racial theories. Just as Kant initiated a "paradigm shift" in modern philosophy with his transcendental idealism, he also led the way in the formulation of a scientific definition of race that (a) established meticulously for the first time a lucid conceptual distinction between race and species and (b) gave further credence at the time to the postulate of the intergenerational permanence of racial traits, which, if true, would render so-called "race-mixing" impossible. As Eze points out, Kant's racial theory, which embraced the contention that "whites" were superior to "non-whites," was the most rigorous as well as the most fully articulated scientific contribution to racial classification, shaping the discourse on that topic as well as in the field of physical geography. Kant researched, wrote, and lectured on these "race matters" for nearly forty years, i.e., right through the "pre-critical" and "critical" periods of his philosophical development. This leads Eze to conclude quite reasonably that Kant's racial theory comprises a significant portion of his philosophical corpus.
Furthermore Eze is of the mind that Kant's racial theory drew on claims from his Anthropology—"what Nature makes of man" and "what man makes, can, or should make of himself"—and that those claims are reflected in arguments and principles found in each of his three Critiques. This provides Eze with the belief that Kant's racial theory garnered or sought to garner from his idealism the philosophical grounding necessary (a) for his theory to be objective and (b) for human agency to emerge out of the state of nature in order to be morally accountable and reach self-perfection. Race is, in short, "transcendentally grounded" (82, 105). There are no good reasons for Eze to hold this belief or draw this conclusion.
Kant's "science of racial classification" enables our encounter with racial archetypes (essences) in order to have empirical knowledge of race. If it were bound to Kant's idealism, it would be able to yield synthetic a priori judgments about race, i.e., amplifying our empirical knowledge of race objectively without relying on our experience with race to do so. But an encounter with any archetype (essence), racial or otherwise, would be impossible to obtain if one's science or knowledge were bound to the cognitive conditions under which race is represented and which characterize Kant's idealism. For such an encounter, the science would have to be true and objective of race itself independent and regardless of how race is represented cognitively. Kant's science of racial classification, then, could not be cut of the same cloth as his idealism and, hence, could not rely on the a priori conditions of human knowledge.
Furthermore Eze "color codes" Kant's moral theory such that human agency, the competency to act and judge morally, and the capacity for self-perfection and moral progress cannot be fully extended to non-Europeans, if at all. However, despite Kant's racial beliefs, there is no evidence that he held them on the grounds of his moral philosophy. For example, when Eze claims "Kant managed to maintain throughout a hierarchical moral interpretation of color-coded differences, grounding them not only in geography, but also in morality and metaphysics" (102), he is maintaining that what Kant's racism denies to non-whites in the moral realm is due to or correlated with what his moral theory denies to them. This is patently false.
Kant's racist beliefs deny to non-whites moral competency. But, from the standpoint of his moral theory, the moral law is an inevitable part of all willing by every member of the human species–non-white and white. Moral competency for Kant is the capacity to subordinate the desire for happiness to respect for the moral law. The inclination to evil is the capacity to subordinate the respect for the moral law to the desire for happiness. In both instances, the moral law is operative in willing, but in the former it operates as an unconditioned and in the latter as a conditioned ground of action or judgment. Both respect for the moral law and desire for happiness are, for Kant, irreconcilable yet determining grounds coexistent in the will of every human being, again, non-white and white. And the coexistence of such grounds can only be had through the subordination of one to the other, a subordination reliant on (practical) reason's endorsement in either case.
Kant's moral theory does not, as Eze maintains, attribute to non-whites an exclusive and automatic inclination to evil (98) solely by the presence of the inclination. But it does attribute such an inclination to all human beings by virtue of their rational subordination of the respect for the moral to the desire for happiness. So if non-whites were to have an automatic inclination to evil like, say, a "race of devils," they only could have it through a rational subordination of the respective determining ground. And it can be inferred, contra Eze, that Kant's moral theory cannot deny to non-whites moral competency, since the ground for denying moral competency would be not their lack of rationality as Eze claims. Rather it would be a species-wide impediment to the capacity to subordinate rationally one or the other of the irreconcilable determining grounds of human willing. No such impediment to that capacity is even hinted at in Kant's moral theory.
All in all, then, Kant's racial theories and racism are not "hardwired" to his idealism or moral theory, a conclusion that does not support Eze's project. Eze has revealed the proliferation of racist beliefs and theories amongst philosophers of the early modern period and their impact on social and political relations in Europe and America. But, outside of Hume, he has not demonstrated that racial theorizing and racism are intrinsic to modern philosophy's domain of inquiry or its articulation of metaphysical and moral theories.
In the case of the philosophy of "negritude" and Africana philosophy, "race matters" are very much intrinsic to their domain of inquiry and their articulation of metaphysical and moral views. Yet both the philosophy of negritude and Africana philosophy operate on an entirely different plane than modern philosophy. To speak rather sweepingly, whereas the anthropological aim of the latter was the mathematical mastery of nature or, its corollary, the satisfaction of the passions via the correct techne, or the release from "self-incurred immaturity," the aim of the former is the framing of social relations of and for a form of life with others that is organized on the basis of expression free from symbolic and material forms of racist oppression. On the face of it, the anthropological aim of the former is not on the same footing as the latter since, in the latter case, the aim is connected to the degree to which racist oppression remains structurally present, both symbolically and materially, in historically variable social relations. Furthermore the philosophy of negritude and Africana philosophy at least presuppose, if not carry out, a reconstruction of the history of African and African-diasporic people. And that history is reconstructed as a process mediated by "race matters" in which African and African-diasporic people, individually and collectively, shape themselves in order to lift the racist veil from social relations.
The philosophy of negritude and Africana philosophy do not explicitly take critical aim at the history of modern philosophy. But they do take critical aim at philosophers, scientists, politicians, and the public writ large whose racist discourse flourished in social relations throughout American and European culture and, hence, contributed to the history of African and African-diasporic people as one mediated by "race matters." Here Eze's account is most effective and illuminating.
By discussing the philosophy of "negritude," Eze does two things. He discusses a philosophy that has received little, if any, attention in the field. Just as important, he also provides Africana philosophy with a historical forbearer. Since Africana philosophy tends to have a strong "analytic" bent, it tends to frame its considerations as if it does not have a "philosophical history" and emerges all at once. In any case, Eze's analysis of negritude and his discussion of Leopold Senghor's and Aimé Césaire's role in the development of negritude's movement are sophisticated and cogent.
Briefly, negritude can be called a "black consciousness movement," originating in the 1930's and 40's, with literary and aesthetic roots in the well known "Harlem Renaissance" as well as the little known "Haitian Renaissance" of the 1920's and 1930's. Senghor, however, gives it a philosophical orientation, arguing for a form of reason specifically African or "black," in direct contrast to a European form. We know this as the infamous claim—"emotion is Negro as reason is Greek." Since racism, however, denied rationality as well as culture and civilization to African and African-diasporic people, negritude was, for Senghor, "the manner of self-expression of the black character, the black world, black civilization."
As Eze points out, this "manner of self-expression" became a "racial metaphysics," a "metaphysics of blackness," despite Senghor's political intent to criticize and overthrow colonial and imperial institutions on the African continent by providing African people with the psychological wherewithal to do so as well as resist those institutions' symbolic and material devaluation of the humanity of black people. It was not his intent to overthrow the form of rationality supposedly intrinsic to Europeans. So self-expression became for Senghor less the ability of making an inner life publicly available and more an epiphenomenon of racial archetypes or essences. (Indeed "expression" or "self-expression" could have been used to show how racism ultimately denies to non-white people not rationality per se, but inner life. If inner life is non-existent in them, nothing outer can serve as a publicly available expression of them.) As Eze notes, paradoxically negritude subscribed to the extant conundrums of racist modes of thought and expression in its attempt to overcome racism. So negritude failed in its philosophical aims.
As for Africana philosophy, Eze holds out much hope for the enterprise. It has been true to the anthropological aim mentioned above. But, in addition, it must avoid the mistakes of the philosophy of negritude by attending to the changing nature of "race matters." This can occur only by Africana philosophy taking history seriously, not only the histories of African and African-diasporic people locally and globally, but also its own philosophical history. Keeping those histories reflectively in mind makes it possible for Africana philosophy to nullify the alleged unanism of race, while still combating racist practices and theories.
Although Eze's attempt to weave a singular thread from early modern philosophy to Africana philosophy with the articulation of metaphysical and moral views on race does not succeed, his story is nonetheless a very persuasive one once that thread is cut.

subset: commoncrawl


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A new study in The Lancet Infectious Diseases finds that African children who contract pneumococcus -- a bacterial infection that causes pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis -- are 36 times as likely to have sickle-cell disease, a blood disorder prevalent in African children that increases the risk for infectious diseases and early death. The study underscores the critical need for use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) among populations predisposed to sickle-cell disease, most notably those in sub-saharan Africa.
"Our findings clearly show that African children with sickle-cell disease are at increased risk of bacterial illness compared with their peers without sickle-cell disease, with the pneumococcus being of particular concern," said Dr. Keith P. Klugman, contributing author and professor and William H. Foege Chair in Global Health at the Rollins School of Public Health.
Africa is home to the vast majority of the world's sickle-cell disease cases. Sickle-cell disease is inherited by a child from both parents and is caused by abnormal hemoglobin, a blood protein that distorts the shape of red blood cells and delivers less oxygen to tissues. The disease weakens the immune system and puts its victims at risk for serious bacterial infection and childhood death. Data examined from studies in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, Kenya and Senegal -- countries with the highest sickle-cell disease burden -- clearly demonstrate an increased risk of serious bacterial infection, especially invasive pneumococcal disease, in African children with sickle-cell disease.
"In combination with early diagnosis and treatment of sickle-cell disease, routine, country-wide immunization against pneumococcus is the best strategy to improve quality of life for all African children, particularly those with sickle-cell disease," said Orin Levine, contributing author, executive director of the International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC) at The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and co-chair of the Pneumococcal Awareness Council of Experts (PACE). "Millions of lives can be saved by improving access to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines."
One-third of all indigenous inhabitants of Sub-Saharan Africa carry the sickle cell gene, and approximately, 230,000 African children are born with sickle-cell disease each year. Because routine access to medical care is out of reach for many children in the region, the average life expectancy for those afflicted with sickle cell disease in Africa is less than 20 years. In many developed countries where comprehensive care including pneumococcal vaccination and aggressive treatment are available, life-expectancy for sickle cell patients is 45-55 years. Since PCV was first introduced in 2000 in the United States, invasive pneumococcal infections in children with sickle-cell disease declined 68 percent in children under 10 and by 90 percent in children under five.
"The one-two punch of sickle-cell disease coupled with pneumococcal disease is devastating in Africa making protecting Africa's children through vaccination an urgent priority," said Ciro A. de Quadros executive vice president of the Sabin Vaccine Institute and co-chair of PACE. "We urge the leaders of African countries to make routine vaccination against pneumococcal disease a priority."
Pneumococcal disease is a bacterial infection that causes life-threatening pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis. Every year, pneumococcal disease takes the lives of nearly 1.6 million people, nearly half of whom are young children in the developing world, where vaccines to prevent the disease are not yet in widespread use. The lack of access in these countries has been due primarily to obstacles in awareness, policy guidance and available financing for low-income countries.
Safe and effective vaccines currently exist to prevent pneumococcal deaths. In 2006, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that all countries include PCV in their national immunization programs, especially in countries where childhood mortality is high. The WHO recommendation guides country policy-making on the prioritization of measures to address childhood pneumococcal disease.
The Pneumococcal Awareness Council of Experts (PACE), a project of the Sabin Vaccine Institute, is comprised of leading global experts in infectious diseases and vaccines. The Council raises awareness among policy-makers and aims to secure global commitments to prevent pneumococcal disease, a leading infectious killer of children and adults worldwide. The Council works through collaboration and partnership with countries, NGOs, academia and industry to achieve its goals. To learn more, visit www.sabin.org/PACE.
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Lone Star Legacy Park
Garland Central Park Established 1948
The City of Garland's Central Park was designated as a Lone Star Legacy Park by the Texas Recreation and Park Society at their 2013 state conference. A Lone Star Legacy Park is a park that holds special prominence in the local community and the state of Texas. These parks have endured the test of time and have become iconic to those who have visited, played and rested on their grounds. A designation as a Lone Star Legacy is one of the highest honors that can be bestowed on a park.
Early Beginnings
Central Park, also known as the "old Garland Park grounds," "Williams Park," and "City Park" when it became the first municipal park in Garland's park system, has been used as Garland's common green, park, recreational area and community space, private or public, for well more than a century.
In the spring of 1919, an early federal transcontinental highway route extending from Washington DC to San Diego was laid out over sections of existing local roads and passed the current Central Park site on two sides. A Texas Historical Commission marker commemorating the "Bankhead Highway in Garland" was installed along the route in 2011.
In 1926, D. Cecil Williams acquired the old Garland Park grounds, combined it with his family's adjacent creek side property and renamed it "Williams Park." Williams constructed a dam across the creek to form a natural swimming pool, which he proudly christened "Lake Garland." The Williams Park operation closed after the 1939 season.
Opening to the Public
Following World War II, the Garland Junior Chamber of Commerce, commonly known as the Jaycees, started fundraising for a Community Park. A proposed park acquisition was included by the council in the 1947 bond election, and in 1948 the City of Garland purchased the 50 acre tract from the Williams family. This tract became Garland's first municipal park and was the beginning of the city's park and recreation system.
As the first municipal park, Central Park was the location of the City's initial municipal recreation facilities including the first community center and swimming pool. Central Park is also home to the first municipal tennis courts that are still in use today. The park also held the first official City Easter egg hunt in 1948.
The City leased several acres to the U.S. Air Force from 1958-2009, for a permanent Texas Air National Guard station. Central Park was the home of the Garland Civic Theater from 1969-1982.
Central Park Today
Central Park has served Garland in many facets and is currently home to the Granger Recreation Center, South Garland Little League, Garland Pee Wee Football and the Garland Baseball Association. The Jaycees, whose work helped found the first municipal park in Garland, continue to support Central Park preservation and improvements.


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We tried last night (4/24/13) Some Calif Rhones:
Jaffurs Viognier SBCnty (14.0%; 75% BienNacidoVnyd/SMV; 25% VogelsangVnyd/HappyCanyon; BN SaH: 22.5 Brix,
pH: 3.3; V SaH: 23.4 Brix, pH: 3.25; BN: Ibarra-Young clone, V: Davis 1 clone; 258 cs) 2011: Light gold color;
very attractive quite perfumed/aromatic peach/pear/Viog/floral bit honeyed lovely nose; fairly tart lush/floral/
Viog/ppeach/pear quite glycerined spicy lovely flavor w/ no obvious alcohol; very long/lingering spicy/peach/pear/
Viog/floral finish w/ beautiful vanilla/cotton candy aftertaste way in the back; maybe best Jaffurs Viog yet.
Jaffurs GrenacheBlanc ThompsonVnyd/SBCnty (14.0%; Entav Clone 141; SaH: 23.0Brix, pH: 3.2; 13.9%;
Bttld: April 21'12; 154 cs) 2011: Med.light gold color; slight pungent somewhat low-key floral/GB/peachy
slight R-like/Mosel valve oil attractive nose; fairly tart floral/GB/peachy/peach blossom slight R/valve oil
bit closed/low-key ripe/lush flavor; long some floral/GB/peach/high-toned bit R-like/floral/valve oil/pungent
finish; lovely floral/GB that seems a bit understated/reticent compared to previous ones. $27.00
Jaffurs Roussanne StolpmanVnyd/SBCnty (13.4%; SaH: 22 Brix, pH: 3.4; Clone: Davis 1; Bttld: April 21'12; 126 cs)
2011: Med.gold color; beautiful floral/honeysuckle/honeyed/spicy/nutmeg light oak/toasty very perfumed/aromatic
nose almost GWT-like in intensity; fairly tart beautiful/perfumed quite honeyed/honeysuckle/Rouss rather spicy/
nutmeg ripe/lush/textured balancedflavor; very long/lingering honeyed/honeysuckle/floral/Rouss quite spicy/
nutmeg/cardammon/Asian spices textured/rich light oak finish w/ a very good underlying acidity to carry the
richness; a terrific Calif Rouss at a very good price. $27.00
Turley The WhiteCoat (70% RattlesnakeRidge Roussanne/30% HowellMtn GrenacheBlanc; 14.1%) 2011: Med.gold color;
very ripe mango/pineapple/honeysuckle bit fumey/alcoholic strong toasty/oak/charred nose; rather soft/fat strong
very ripe/mango/pineapple/tropical fruit/honeysuckle strong charred/oak flavor; long soft/fat very ripe/
honeyed/honeysuckle/mango/pineapple charred/oak finish; huge very ripe/fruit cocktail character and rather
soft/porky and lacking structure. $40.00
Jaffurs Roussanne StolpmanVnyd (14.0%) 2003: Med.dark color; quite fragrant pineapple/floral/peachy quite
spicy rather Viog-like/floral slight nutty/complex nose; soft slightly nutty/toasted hazelnuts very floral/
Viog-like honeyed/honeysuckle/Rouss light toasty/oak some complex flavor; very long floral/aromatic/Viog-like
some honeyed/honeysuckle slight nutty/toasted hazelnuts finish w/ some complexity; seems on the young side
and not as much old-Rhone character as I'd expected; drinking very well. Costigan mystery.
Donkey&Goat TheRecluse Syrah BrokenLegVnyd/AndersonVlly (U; 12.6%) 2010: Med.color w/ slight bricking; slight
plastic/Pinotish/funky/strange some raspberry/cranberry nose w/ very little Syrah character; very tart/acidic/
screechy quite tangy/grapefruity/metallic/pickle juice bit charred/pungent/earthy some raspberry/cranberry
flavor w/ slighht tannic bite; med.long very tart/screechy/grapefruity/tangy slight plastic/funky/metallic
light cranberry/raspberry finish w/ some bitey tannins; no Syrah character that I could tell; maybe something
going on in the btl; pretty undrinkable. $40.00
Donkey&Goat Syrah TheRecluse BrokenLegVnyd/AndersonVlly (14.1%; U) 2009: Med.color w/ slight bricking; bit
smokey/pungent some light spicy/blackberry/Syrah bit earthy somewhat interesting/complex/bit aged slight
spicy/cinammon nose; rather tart light blackberry/Syrah/earthy/dusty bit smokey/pungent/toasty/gamey some
aged/complex flavor w/ light tannins; long some earthy/dusty smokey/pungent/gamey light blackberry/Syrah
interesting finish w/ light tannins; not a lot of fruit and seems older than I'd expect; a bit tart/lean
but still rather interesting. $40.00
Donkey&Goat Syrah Reserve BrokenLegVnyd/AndersonVlly (U; 14.1%; #479 of 750; 3% Viog; 45 cs) 2007: Med.dark
color w/ some bricking; slight fecal/funky/mousey nose that clears to pencilly/smokey/pungent/gamey light
blackberry/Syrah/raspberry some earthy/dusty bit cedary/tobaccoy somewhat complex/low-key/interesting nose;
rather tart/bit screechy some raspberry/blackberry/Syrah somewhat earthy/dusty/rustic bit funky/gamey
flavor w/ some drying/hard tannins; med.long bit cedary/pencilly light raspberry/blackberry/Syrah some
earthy/dusty/mushroomy/rustic quite tart/lean/angular fairly hard/tannic finish; seems much older than I'd
expect for an '07; somewhat interesting but not a lot of pleasure. $35.00
Jaffurs SantaBarbaraCnty Syrah (14.8%; 838 cs) 2004: Dark color w/ some browning; rather funky/mouse nest/
hantavirus some pencilly/cedary/old Zin slight blackberry/Syrah/cinammon/spicy rather tired/aged nose;
strong cedary/pencilly/old red rather tired/funky/mousey slight blackberry/Syrah bit dried out flavor;
med.short tired/dried out slight blackberry/Syrah pencilly/cedary finish; seems pretty tired and gone
well before it should be. $27.00
Jaffurs Syrah SBCnty (14.3%; Syrah: TierraAlta/Verna's/BienNacido/Larner/Ampelos; PS/Mourv/GrenacheBlanc:
Thompson; Viog/Grenache: Vogelsang; 80% Syrah/7% Grenache/4% Mourv/3% PS/3% Viog/3% GrenacheBlanc;
Bttld: Sept 16'12; 1421 cs) 2011: Very dark color; some Pepto-Bismol/chalky/mineral strong blackberry/Syrah
some vanilla/toasty/oak pleasant nose; slightly tart strong blackberry/Syrah ;ight toasty/oak slight chalky
pleasant flavor w/ light tannins; long strong blackberry/Syrah somewhat spicy/peppery/blueberry light toasty/
vanilla/oak finish w/ modest tannins; a rather attractive Syrah at a very good price. $25.00
Elyse PetiteSirah Rutherford/NapaVlly (14.6%; Drk: 2001-2009-2013: RC) 2001: Very dark color w/ little/no
bricking; some peppery/plummy rather blackberry/PS/spicy/boysenberry rather toasty/oak some dusty/OV very
impressive/fruit-driven nose; soft intense boysenberry/blackberry/peppery/PS/framboise bit toasty/oak some
dusty/OV flavor w/ smooth/soft/graceful tannins; very long strong boysenberry/blackberry/PS/plummy/peppery
some toasty/smokey/oak some dusty/OV finish w/ smooth/polished tannins; still lots of primary PS fruit and
not showing much evolution, but has really smoothed out on the palate; probably will go another 10 yrs.
Jaffurs PetiteSirah ThompsonVnyd/AlisosCanyon/LosAlamos/SBCnty (15.3%; ArchibaldCuvee; Carrari clone;
Bttld: Sept 15'12; 510 cs) 2011: Very dark/black color; some chalky/Pepto-Bismol very intense blackberry/
PS/boysenberry/huge fruit strong toasty/smokey/oak slight peppery/earthy nose; soft rather tannic/hard very
intense boysenberry/PS/blackberry/framboise some toasty/charred/oak slight peppery flavor; very long very
strong blackberry/boysenberry/PS some peppery/earthy/gamey finish w/ ample tannins; needs 4-8 yrs; some
a bit harder/more angular than previous ones but typical huge PS fruit. $30.00
Carlisle Syrah RRV (15.7%; 260 cs) 2005: Dark color; strong smokey/Rhonish/roasted very strong blackberry/
Syrah/licorice some toasty/oak nose; soft bit alcoholic some roasted/Rhonish/smokey light charred/toasty/oak
strong blackberry/Syrah/spicy rather Rhonish/complex flavor w/ slight tannic hardness; very long charred/toasty/
oak strong blackberry/Syrah/licorice/chocolaty slight roasted/Rhonish/smokey/gamey finish w/ light/smooth
tannins; shows some whole-cluster/Rhonish character in addition to the intense Syrah fruit; holds the alcohol
pretty well and not at all hot/fumey; really tasty now and hard to see it getting even better. Larry's mystery.
And the usual BloodyPulpit:
- D&G: These three Syrahs were pretty disappointing; the '09 being the best of a sorry lot. They had just not
developed in a very attractive way. The '10 was very bizzare and most felt it was undrinkable because of the
screechy acidity. If this is an IPoB/balanced Syrah because it's alcohol is low…then OK. If it is an IPoB/
balanced Syrah because of its "balance"…then it's a "fail". The teeth-chattering acidity suggests that it
may age into something interesting…but I think that requires a huge leap of faith. If it's intentionally made
this way to appeal to the IPoB/sweet Alice cabal, then they may have taken it to the extreme. I generally
like the D&G wines, especially the ElDorado ones. These three were a tough slog.
Because of the color on the '10, it may be that something is going on in the btl. Maybe a pediococcus
infection that produces wines w/ a shrill acidity?
- Jaffurs: The recent Jaffurs were pre-release prices. I (as well as the group) were pretty much blown away by
this trio of whites. The GB was a little understated & reticent, but the Viog & Roussanne were some of the best
whites yet from Jaffurs. They were all pretty rich & powerful, but they had a nice brisk acidity to them
and were not at all over-the-top nor overblown. They also seemed to have less oak than previous ones.
All in all, lovely/balanced/textured whites.
The '04 Syrah was a disappointment. I would have expected this wine to be in splendid shape. But it was
way old before its time. Maybe a cork failure?? We had an Ojai SBC Syrah '04 the next night that was singing.
The basic Jaffurs SBC Syrah is always one of my favorites and a very god Syrah value. This '11 version seemes
a bit leaner/tighter, maybe more structured, than previous ones, maybe a bit less JaffursJr in style. Still a
quite good Syrah for the $.
OTOH, the PetiteSirah was wonderful…one of the best PS's being made in Calif. The fragrance suggests
Syrah more than the usual clunky PS aromas. This btl was one from the famous Archibald Cuvee…available only
from the Jaffurs outlet in LosAlamos.


text:
Organization and corporate signatures
Below is a list of projects, organizations, and corporations that have signed onto the above statement. If you are interested in adding your organization or corporation as a signer to this statement, and you have the appropriate authority and permission to do so, please follow our corporate and organizational signer instructions — and we thank you for your patience, as adding signatures may take several days to complete. The complete list of individual verified signers is on a separate page.
- Black & Blue Informatique
- The Jordanian Free Software Foundation
- Fight For the Future
- FreedomBox Foundation
- Framasoft
- cellularity.co.uk
- Einstein Technology Pty Ltd
- Custom Computers LLC
- Savill Computer Consultants Ltd.
- ABCD Informatique Valenciennes


text:
Sri K. Pattabhi Jois of Mysore,
India, world's
leading master of Ashtanga Yoga.
Ashtanga Yoga is an intense yet very empowering system of Hatha Yoga which demands hard workand yields remarkable results. The benefits of Ashtanga Yoga are far-reaching and rapid. Detoxifying, healing, flexibility and fitness are quickly achieved. The Sewell Archive presents an extra ordinary collection of rare archival DVDs documenting classes taught by Sri K. Pattabhi Jois. Also available are DVDs of Ashtanga Yoga taught at the House of Yoga and Zen on Maui, by Kathy Cooper, Tim Miller, Sarah Powers, and David Life of Jivamukti.


text: Sorry, but I accidentally phasered the web address to the article that talked about Ada, C, VADS, Apex, etc. Could someone please give me the pointer again? Thanks in advance. And while I'm at it, I downloaded the WHYADA PowerPoint presenta- tion from PAL and when I tried to open it, I got an error 30 from PowerPoint when I tried to open it. Anyone have a solution to this? I have emailed Dr Conn, but have not yet received a response. Mark ================================================================= Maj Mark A. Kanko | Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) Assistant Professor | Graduate School of Engineering [log in to unmask] | Dept of Elect. and Computer Engineering (937) 255-3636, x4612 | Wright-Patterson AFB, OH


text: With more than 15 years of experience in Panoramic Photography and studies with Apple Tech Support representatives in University of California in San Diego, Isaac Martinez focuses in 360º photography and Virtual Tours in Costa Rica and the Central America region. Related to fine arts Virtual Tours in Miami and New York City. He had worked creating 360º scenarios from the main Art Fairs in America and Europe like The Armory Show in NYC, ArtBasel Miami Beach, Arte Americas, Maco:Mexico, ArteBA in Buenos Aires, ArtBasel in Switzerland and ARCO in Spain. To see more of my work you are welcome to visit www.isaacmartinez.com


text:
Anne of the Island (version 2)

 Chapter XXXV

 The Last Redmond Year Opens

"Here we are, all back again, nicely sunburned and rejoicing as a strong man to run a race," said Phil, sitting down on a suitcase with a sigh of pleasure. "Isn't it jolly to see this dear old Patty's Place again—and Aunty—and the cats? Rusty has lost another piece of ear, hasn't he?"

"Rusty would be the nicest cat in the world if he had no ears at all," declared Anne loyally from her trunk, while Rusty writhed about her lap in a frenzy of welcome.

"Aren't you glad to see us back, Aunty?" demanded Phil.

"Yes. But I wish you'd tidy things up," said Aunt Jamesina plaintively, looking at the wilderness of trunks and suitcases by which the four laughing, chattering girls were surrounded. "You can talk just as well later on. Work first and then play used to be my motto when I was a girl."

"Oh, we've just reversed that in this generation, Aunty. OUR motto is play your play and then dig in. You can do your work so much better if you've had a good bout of play first."

"If you are going to marry a minister," said Aunt Jamesina, picking up Joseph and her knitting and resigning herself to the inevitable with the charming grace that made her the queen of housemothers, "you will have to give up such expressions as 'dig in.'"

"Why?" moaned Phil. "Oh, why must a minister's wife be supposed to utter only prunes and prisms? I shan't. Everybody on Patterson Street uses slang—that is to say, metaphorical language—and if I didn't they would think me insufferably proud and stuck up."

"Have you broken the news to your family?" asked Priscilla, feeding the Sarah-cat bits from her lunchbasket.

Phil nodded.

"How did they take it?"

"Oh, mother rampaged. But I stood rockfirm—even I, Philippa Gordon, who never before could hold fast to anything. Father was calmer. Father's own daddy was a minister, so you see he has a soft spot in his heart for the cloth. I had Jo up to Mount Holly, after mother grew calm, and they both loved him. But mother gave him some frightful hints in every conversation regarding what she had hoped for me. Oh, my vacation pathway hasn't been exactly strewn with roses, girls dear. But—I've won out and I've got Jo. Nothing else matters."

"To you," said Aunt Jamesina darkly.

"Nor to Jo, either," retorted Phil. "You keep on pitying him. Why, pray? I think he's to be envied. He's getting brains, beauty, and a heart of gold in ME."

"It's well we know how to take your speeches," said Aunt Jamesina patiently. "I hope you don't talk like that before strangers. What would they think?"

"Oh, I don't want to know what they think. I don't want to see myself as others see me. I'm sure it would be horribly uncomfortable most of the time. I don't believe Burns was really sincere in that prayer, either."

"Oh, I daresay we all pray for some things that we really don't want, if we were only honest enough to look into our hearts," owned Aunt Jamesina candidly. "I've a notion that such prayers don't rise very far. I used to pray that I might be enabled to forgive a certain person, but I know now I really didn't want to forgive her. When I finally got that I DID want to I forgave her without having to pray about it."

"I can't picture you as being unforgiving for long," said Stella.

"Oh, I used to be. But holding spite doesn't seem worth while when you get along in years."

"That reminds me," said Anne, and told the tale of John and Janet.

"And now tell us about that romantic scene you hinted so darkly at in one of your letters," demanded Phil.

Anne acted out Samuel's proposal with great spirit. The girls shrieked with laughter and Aunt Jamesina smiled.

"It isn't in good taste to make fun of your beaux," she said severely; "but," she added calmly, "I always did it myself."

"Tell us about your beaux, Aunty," entreated Phil. "You must have had any number of them."

"They're not in the past tense," retorted Aunt Jamesina. "I've got them yet. There are three old widowers at home who have been casting sheep's eyes at me for some time. You children needn't think you own all the romance in the world."

"Widowers and sheep's eyes don't sound very romantic, Aunty."

"Well, no; but young folks aren't always romantic either. Some of my beaux certainly weren't. I used to laugh at them scandalous, poor boys. There was Jim Elwood—he was always in a sort of day-dream—never seemed to sense what was going on. He didn't wake up to the fact that I'd said 'no' till a year after I'd said it. When he did get married his wife fell out of the sleigh one night when they were driving home from church and he never missed her. Then there was Dan Winston. He knew too much. He knew everything in this world and most of what is in the next. He could give you an answer to any question, even if you asked him when the Judgment Day was to be. Milton Edwards was real nice and I liked him but I didn't marry him. For one thing, he took a week to get a joke through his head, and for another he never asked me. Horatio Reeve was the most interesting beau I ever had. But when he told a story he dressed it up so that you couldn't see it for frills. I never could decide whether he was lying or just letting his imagination run loose."

"And what about the others, Aunty?"

"Go away and unpack," said Aunt Jamesina, waving Joseph at them by mistake for a needle. "The others were too nice to make fun of. I shall respect their memory. There's a box of flowers in your room, Anne. They came about an hour ago."

After the first week the girls of Patty's Place settled down to a steady grind of study; for this was their last year at Redmond and graduation honors must be fought for persistently. Anne devoted herself to English, Priscilla pored over classics, and Philippa pounded away at Mathematics. Sometimes they grew tired, sometimes they felt discouraged, sometimes nothing seemed worth the struggle for it. In one such mood Stella wandered up to the blue room one rainy November evening. Anne sat on the floor in a little circle of light cast by the lamp beside her, amid a surrounding snow of crumpled manuscript.

"What in the world are you doing?"

"Just looking over some old Story Club yarns. I wanted something to cheer AND inebriate. I'd studied until the world seemed azure. So I came up here and dug these out of my trunk. They are so drenched in tears and tragedy that they are excruciatingly funny."

"I'm blue and discouraged myself," said Stella, throwing herself on the couch. "Nothing seems worthwhile. My very thoughts are old. I've thought them all before. What is the use of living after all, Anne?"

"Honey, it's just brain fag that makes us feel that way, and the weather. A pouring rainy night like this, coming after a hard day's grind, would squelch any one but a Mark Tapley. You know it IS worthwhile to live."

"Oh, I suppose so. But I can't prove it to myself just now."

"Just think of all the great and noble souls who have lived and worked in the world," said Anne dreamily. "Isn't it worthwhile to come after them and inherit what they won and taught? Isn't it worthwhile to think we can share their inspiration? And then, all the great souls that will come in the future? Isn't it worthwhile to work a little and prepare the way for them—make just one step in their path easier?"

"Oh, my mind agrees with you, Anne. But my soul remains doleful and uninspired. I'm always grubby and dingy on rainy nights."

"Some nights I like the rain—I like to lie in bed and hear it pattering on the roof and drifting through the pines."

"I like it when it stays on the roof," said Stella. "It doesn't always. I spent a gruesome night in an old country farmhouse last summer. The roof leaked and the rain came pattering down on my bed. There was no poetry in THAT. I had to get up in the 'mirk midnight' and chivy round to pull the bedstead out of the drip—and it was one of those solid, old-fashioned beds that weigh a ton—more or less. And then that drip-drop, drip-drop kept up all night until my nerves just went to pieces. You've no idea what an eerie noise a great drop of rain falling with a mushy thud on a bare floor makes in the night. It sounds like ghostly footsteps and all that sort of thing. What are you laughing over, Anne?"

"These stories. As Phil would say they are killing—in more senses than one, for everybody died in them. What dazzlingly lovely heroines we had—and how we dressed them!

"Silks—satins—velvets—jewels—laces—they never wore anything else. Here is one of Jane Andrews' stories depicting her heroine as sleeping in a beautiful white satin nightdress trimmed with seed pearls."

"Go on," said Stella. "I begin to feel that life is worth living as long as there's a laugh in it."

"Here's one I wrote. My heroine is disporting herself at a ball 'glittering from head to foot with large diamonds of the first water.' But what booted beauty or rich attire? 'The paths of glory lead but to the grave.' They must either be murdered or die of a broken heart. There was no escape for them."

"Let me read some of your stories."

"Well, here's my masterpiece. Note its cheerful title—'My Graves.' I shed quarts of tears while writing it, and the other girls shed gallons while I read it. Jane Andrews' mother scolded her frightfully because she had so many handkerchiefs in the wash that week. It's a harrowing tale of the wanderings of a Methodist minister's wife. I made her a Methodist because it was necessary that she should wander. She buried a child every place she lived in. There were nine of them and their graves were severed far apart, ranging from Newfoundland to Vancouver. I described the children, pictured their several death beds, and detailed their tombstones and epitaphs. I had intended to bury the whole nine but when I had disposed of eight my invention of horrors gave out and I permitted the ninth to live as a hopeless cripple."

While Stella read My Graves, punctuating its tragic paragraphs with chuckles, and Rusty slept the sleep of a just cat who has been out all night curled up on a Jane Andrews tale of a beautiful maiden of fifteen who went to nurse in a leper colony—of course dying of the loathsome disease finally—Anne glanced over the other manuscripts and recalled the old days at Avonlea school when the members of the Story Club, sitting under the spruce trees or down among the ferns by the brook, had written them. What fun they had had! How the sunshine and mirth of those olden summers returned as she read. Not all the glory that was Greece or the grandeur that was Rome could weave such wizardry as those funny, tearful tales of the Story Club. Among the manuscripts Anne found one written on sheets of wrapping paper. A wave of laughter filled her gray eyes as she recalled the time and place of its genesis. It was the sketch she had written the day she fell through the roof of the Cobb duckhouse on the Tory Road.

Anne glanced over it, then fell to reading it intently. It was a little dialogue between asters and sweet-peas, wild canaries in the lilac bush, and the guardian spirit of the garden. After she had read it, she sat, staring into space; and when Stella had gone she smoothed out the crumpled manuscript.

"I believe I will," she said resolutely.

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Ocean Blue (Red Contrast) Organic Cotton Polo
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text:
Perfect your grooming routine with Escentual's range of male skincare, fragrance, hair care and shave products, a collection specifically adapted to suit the needs of men. Marrying the latest in technological innovation, specialist research, and natural extracts, our collection of high performance products ensures that every aspect of the body is cared for.
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text:
Related Resources: calculators
Concentrated Angular Displacement Left Vertical Member 9 Deflections Equation and Calculator
Beam Deflection and Stress Equation and Calculators
Reaction and deflection formulas for in-plane loading of elastic frame.
Concentrated Angular Displacement on Left Vertical Member Elastic Frame Deflection Left Vertical Member Guided Horizontally, Right End Pinned Equation and Calculator.
Loading Configuration
General Designations
ALL calculators require a Premium Membership
Frame Deflections with Concentrated Angular Displacement Calculator:
Since ψA = 0 and HA = 0
MA = LPM / AMM = Moment (Couple) at Left Node A
δHA = AHM MA - LPH = Horizontal Deflection at Left Node A
Loading Terms LPH and LPM are given below.
Reaction loads and moments VA and VB, and HB can be evaluated from equilibrium equations after calculating HA and MA.
Note: Δo could also be an increase in the length l1 or a decrease in the length l2.
LPH = θo (a)
Δo = Displacement (in, mm),
θo = Angular Displacement (radians),
W = Load or Force (lbsf, N),
w = Unit Load or force per unit length (lbs/in2, N/mm2),
MA = Couple (moment) ( lbs-in, N-mm),
Mo = Couple (moment) ( lbs-in, N-mm),
θo = Externally created angular displacement (radians),
Δo, = Externally created concentrated lateral displacement (in, mm),
T1 - T2 = Uniform temperature rise (°F),
To = Average Temperature (deg °F),
γ = Temperature coefficient of expansion [ µinch/(in. °F), µmm/(mm. °F) ],
T1, T2 = Temperature on outside and inside respectively (degrees),
HA, HB = Horizontal end reaction moments at the left and right, respectively, and are positive clockwise (lbs, N),
I1, I2, and I3 = Respective area moments of inertia for bending in the plane of the frame for the three members (in4, mm4),
E1, E2, and E3 = Respective moduli of elasticity (lb/in2, Pa) Related: Modulus of Elasticity, Yield Strength;
γ1, γ2, and γ3 = Respective temperature coefficients of expansions unit strain per. degree ( in/in/°F, mm/mm/°C),
l1, l2, l3 = Member lengths respectively (in, mm),
Roark's Formulas for Stress and Strain, Seventh Edition


text:
Make: Live episode 09 was broadcasted from the grounds of Maker Faire Bay Area 2011. Thanks to our guests David Farish, Sung Kim, Jimmie Rodgers, Tero Karvinen, Kimmo Karvinen, Lindsay Lawlor, Gerard Nebesky, and our special guest host, Super Awesome Sylvia. Catch up on video and notes from the show here.
Subscribe to the MAKE Podcast in iTunes, download Make: Live episode 09 in its entirety (m4v or Vimeo). Also check out the chat room transcript!
Show notes:
- Matt and Becky rode in on Murray the Fish by David Farish, who is a member of the Fun Bike Unicorn Club (FBUC).
- We spoke with instrument maker Sung Kim. Here's his Meet The Makers profile.
- Tero Karvinen and Kimmo Karvinen showed their book, Make: Arduino Bots and Gadgets.
- Jimmie P. Rodgers talked about teaching people how to solder in the Learn to Solder for a Dollar tent.
- Our guest host, Super Awesome Sylvia's show: Sylvia's Super Awesome Mini Maker Show
- Super Awesome Sylvia interviewed Lindsay Lawlor, co creator of Russel The Electric Giraffe and rode Russel around the fairgrounds.
- Gerard Nebesky served up his world-famous paella.
- Matt and Becky announced the The MAKE Magazine Industry Maker Awards, known for short as "The Makeys."
Want to show us your project? Upload a video or photos and send a link to email@example.com.
Next show:
Make: Live 10: Hackerspace Roadshow
Wednesday June 8th, 9pm ET/6pm PT
Watch at makezine.com/live or on UStream
Please join us in the UStream chat or mark tweets with #makelive to interact live with the show.
Special thanks for helping run this episode onsite: O'Reilly video intern Keith Thompson, production coordinator Brookelynn Morris, volunteer sidekick Dustin Maretz, and production assistant Sasha. Photo by Blake Maloof.
Join Make: Community Today


text:
good chemistry is complicated, and a little bit messy -LW |
PerlMonks |
OK, understood, but still 1 *huge* flawby Fastolfe (Vicar) |
on Nov 01, 2000 at 23:35 UTC ( [id://39455] : note . print w/replies, xml ) | Need Help?? |
Update: OK I'm re-reading everything and I'm still not sure that I understand it after all.. *sigh*.. For those that don't get it, like I didn't, realize that we're making one important assumption here: that both parties know the upper and lower bounds of the numbers! Sure, if we know we're working from 0 .. 100, and the envelope we see is number 88, odds are, it's the higher of the two envelopes (assuming both are truly random; this can be defeated if the "dealer" keeps writing two consecutive numbers or otherwise knows the trick). Now I look at the situation and think, "Well yah, duh." But what if you don't know the upper bounds? Modify the lines in the script like below, and the odds come out to exactly 50%: what we'd expect. The way *I* would play this game in real life, without knowing the limit, is to try to "figure out" the limit as I go, but statistically, given a one-time shot, we have to assume that the number we were given is, on average, mid-way through the distribution. This means that no matter what number we think of, we're still 50% likely of guessing right. But if we know we're going to play 100 games, we can sorta "figure out" the upper limit as we go (assuming there is one, and it's kept constant during play), by assuming that our numbers will average out to be mid-way through the distribution. That would let us approach a higher probability of being correct further down the line. The script can be modified to play by those rules too, but I'll leave that as an exercise for the reader. If you were to actually make these bold statements and try them in real life (give them 10 cards, pick two at random, show me one and I'll guess 66% correctly whether it's the higher of the two cards), I would seriously hope that they would figure out the trick without me needing to guess very much, if at all. If they were smart, they'd shut up when they figured it out and would keep pulling, say 9 and 10, and showing me the 9 all the time.
In Section


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This article is more than 1 year old
HP writes down a whopping $8bn from EDS gobble
Enterprise Services head rolls, Q3 profits boosted a few pennies
Hewlett-Packard has taken a fine-toothed comb to its Enterprise Services business and said it needs to write down $8bn in goodwill assets - presumably most of which come from its $13.9bn acquisition of services giant Electronic Data Systems back in May 2008.
HP, which is restructuring, also announced that John Visentin, who was tapped by former HP CEO Leo Apotheker to manage the Enterprise Services behemoth a year ago, is leaving the company.
There has been a bit of a revolving door at the HP Services business: Tom Ionnatti, who was given the job in February 2010, was moved aside in a major executive reshuffle under Apotheker in June 2011. That also saw long-time HPer Ann Livermore removed from running the Enterprise Business (which combined systems and services) and kicked up to the board of directors.
In a statement, HP said it has asked Mike Nefkens, who is running Enterprise Services in the EMEA region, to take over the global Enterprise Services group, which runs HP's consulting, outsourcing, application hosting, business process outsourcing, and related services operations.
(Technology Services, which does tech support on hardware and software and which used to be part of the Enterprise Services biz, is now part of the Enterprise Server, Storage, and Networking group under Dave Donatelli.)
Nefkens has been given the job on an "acting basis", which presumably means HP is yet again looking for a new head for its services biz. Nefkens came to HP from EDS and was in charge of big services accounts; he will report directly to CEO Whitman.
Jean-Jacques Charhon, who was CFO for Enterprise Services, has been elevated to a COO position and will "focus on increasing customer satisfaction and improving service delivery efficiency, which will help drive profitable growth". Charhon used to be VP of finance at the Personal Systems Group at HP which has been merged with printers in the wake of Whitman's appointment last year.
The $8bn write down of assets in the Enterprise Services is a big deal on the books, since it indicates that a lot of what HP thought was valuable when it bought EDS four years ago turns out to not be worth all that much after all. HP said that this goodwill impairment will not affect its cash or the ongoing business of Enterprise Services.
HP also said in its statement that its workforce reduction plan, announced in May to eliminate about 27,000 people from its 349,600-strong global workforce, was proceeding ahead of schedule.
More people than expected are taking early retirement offers from HP, and layoffs are also ahead of plan, and therefore HP will be taking a pre-tax charge of between $1.5bn and $1.7bn in its third fiscal quarter ended in July instead of the $1bn it had originally estimated when the layoffs were first announced.
Adding up the workforce and impairment charges, HP said that losses per share would come to between $4.31 and $4.49 in the third quarter. HP did not provide updated guidance for the full fiscal 2012 year, but clearly HP, its employees and customers, and Wall Street are hoping this is the beginning of a turnaround for the venerable IT supplier.
And perhaps it will be. The good news for the day was that non-GAAP earnings per share would be about $1 a share, compared to the previous guidance of 94 to 97 cents that HP projected by in May. So maybe business is getting a tiny bit better. We'll see when HP goes over its numbers for Q3 on August 22. ®


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Unable to stand and sick from old age, the last male northern white rhino was put down on Monday. The sad demise of Sudan, whose keepers loved him as a "gentle giant," means that only two members of the species are still alive — and both are female.
Not long ago, such a tragic situation would have meant certain extinction for a species. But thanks to advances in assisted reproduction, that may not necessarily be the case with northern white rhinos or any other endangered species.
Scientists have been collecting and storing animals' sperm and egg cells, as well as bits of skin and other tissue, that one day may be used to revivify species in danger of extinction as a result of hunting or habitat loss. These are part of a grand rescue plan for the northern white rhino that was set in motion long before Sudan's death. And similar plans might possibly be used to save polar bears, elephants, and other beloved animals whose futures are very much in doubt.
"I would prefer that we would really care about animals to stay in their habitats and have, let's say, free lives in a place where they belong," said Jan Stejskal of Dvůr Králové Zoo in the Czech Republic, where Sudan lived before he was transferred to the Kenyan wildlife preserve where he died. "But if we get to a situation where we did with the northern white rhino, then I would still say we should try and not just let them go."
Fertility clinics for endangered species
Beyond preserving their habitats and protecting them from poaching and other threats, the most obvious way to help endangered animals is to use the same in vitro fertilization (IVF) methods used in human fertility clinics: Collect sperm from males and eggs from females, combine them in a lab to produce embryos, and then transfer these embryos to females to grow into babies.
IVF has been used with cattle and horses, as well as for tigers, ocelots, and antelopes, said Pierre Comizzoli, a research biologist at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute in Washington D.C., who isn't part of the rhino rescue mission. But the odds of success with IVF are slim because, as Comizzoli told NBC News MACH in an email, "We don't understand the basic biology in many species."
Luckily, some of Sudan's semen was collected and frozen years ago, along with that of other northern white rhino bulls. Scientists say it should be possible to use sperm from these samples to fertilize eggs harvested from the last two females of the species, Fatu and Najin, who remain at the same Kenyan preserve where Sudan died.
As neither animal is healthy enough to carry a pregnancy, researchers will have to look to the northern white rhino's cousin — the southern white rhino — to find surrogate mothers.
Things would be easier if rhino eggs could be frozen and then thawed, as needed, to create embryos, but for unknown reasons, many animal eggs tend not to be viable once thawed. "In the future, we may be able to freeze the [egg cells], but now we have to work around it," says Stejskal.
So it's a race against time to hone the technique while Fatu and Najin are still alive. "The main thing is those two cows mustn't die, because they can still produce the eggs," said Morné de la Rey, a veterinarian and director of the company Embryo Plus, who is working on refining these techniques in southern white rhinos.
Growing animals from skin
The good news is that it might be possible to save Sudan's kind even if his survivors die before doing their part in the IVF process. Scientists say that it may be possible to create new eggs and sperm cells from different types of animal tissue, like skin — and several institutions around the world have been stashing tissue samples from the northern white rhino and other species.
Some northern white rhino skin cells have already been successfully grown into stem cells. "The next steps will take us, we hope, to sperm and eggs," said Barbara Durrant, director of reproductive sciences at San Diego Zoo, which is among the institutions storing animal tissues. These would then be used to create embryos to be implanted into a surrogate mother.
So far, this approach has been used successfully only in lab mice, but Durrant is undeterred. "We know it can be done, the principle is there, but we do realize the mouse to the rhino is a huge step," she says.
"This is the only way to go, right now, said Comizzoli. "This is a really ambitious project. But if we really want to regenerate and resurrect that species, this is the kind of approach that has to be taken."
Of course, bringing new animals to life in the lab won't mean much if habitats disappear and poaching continues. "We've been messing with nature in the past so much by killing these animals and slaughtering them and using their rhino horn [as] an aphrodisiac, that is messing with nature," said de la Rey. "If we don't rectify that, the animal will remain extinct."


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Boldly Going Where No Law Firm Has Gone Before – I have been wrestling with the idea of making my law firm's News & Events page of our website into a Radio Weblog. The benefits are obvious (ease of posting, ability to add comments, XML feeds etc). I mentioned this to Rick today in our brief phone conversation. Rick said "oh, that's easy…just give me 10 minutes." I'll skip over the whole back and forth with tweaking etc. Bottom line: look at this page, and compare it to the other one. Uh, Houston … we've got liftoff. [Ernie the Attorney]
Yup, it was easy. And I like finding little wins like this. Give credit to the folks behind Radio – it was a simple tweak, an obvious extension of the platform they built. Once Ernie pulls the trigger (by using Radio's "upstreaming" capabilities to upload the page to his firm's web site, instead of his own weblog), he'll be feeding news directly from his blog to his firm's site. Nice. Let's make sure that Ernie's firm gets credit for being the first firm to use a weblogging system to power part of their public web site… this is definitely a sign of things to come.
By the way, this is what the bigshots like Vignette and Interwoven call a content management system. They'll charge you six figures for the privilege of using their system. Radio costs $40.


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The Startup Hustle: Why a Clever Business Plan Does Not a Business Make When launching a new company, a good idea goes a long way. But a healthy dose of moxie may be what pushes a startup over the edge into success.
By Neil Parmar •
Opinions expressed by Entrepreneur contributors are their own.
Starting up always requires hustle, but some founders say "hustling" would be more apropos.
Most of the entrepreneurship books will tell you that first comes the idea, then comes the carefully crafted business plan with copious market analyses. But from the looks of some companies' startup stories, factors such as timing and tenacity might be bigger determinants for success.
Take the example of Michael Kirban and Ira Liran, the founders of Vita Coco. The two got their start nearly a decade ago by convincing a Naked Juice distributor, whom they randomly encountered on a Brooklyn, N.Y., street, to deliver a product that they had yet to create.
The plan ended up backfiring after the founders failed to follow the proper registration procedures and the Food and Drug Administration blocked their three shipping containers full of coconut water from entering the United States. Instead, Kirban found a distributor in the Bahamas, flew to the island nation and then "literally went door to door selling coconut water out of the back of a rental car," he recalls. "I would go into bars, restaurants, hotels. I sold half the product and broke even."
Related: 3 Ways to Spark Celebrity Buzz Around Your Product
But their founders' leap into entrepreneurship did eventually pay off. Today, Vita Coco has gone up against big-time coconut water brands, like Pepsi's O.N.E. and Coca-Cola's Zico, and sold more than $100 million worth of the beverage last year. The brand has pushed into the U.S., France, the United Kingdom, Japan and, most recently, Canada. The company has also managed to wrangle a suite of celebrity investors and endorsers that includes Madonna, Demi Moore, Matthew McConaughey and Rihanna -- and it forecasts $250 million in revenue by the end of this year.
"This is not a U.S. brand anymore," says Kirban, 38. "It has potential to be a major global brand one day, like Red Bull."
Making the leap from bit player to major consumer-products star takes more than moxie, however. An inordinate amount of pavement pounding would also seem to be key.
Last year, Messi Gerami launched Heart of Tea [http://heartoftea.com/], which sells fancy flavors of iced tea like pomegranate orange. The 26-year-old, who comes from multiple generations of tea farmers, started the venture by distributing bottles in 50 delis and cafes before building a bigger base.
Related: Why Leaders Don't Behave the Way They Should
A big part of what the company spent time on during the early days, Gerami says, was being fully accountable for helping its small retail partners make the brand successful. That meant weekly visits with store managers to ensure Heart of Tea garnered good visibility on shop shelves, and providing demos of the product with free samples on Manhattan's streets. A key distributor later helped the brand push into bigger chains in and around the New York City area.
Heart of Tea is now available in more than 400 stores -- including some Whole Foods Markets, Duane Reade and Fairway Market locations, within the tri-state area.
"For us, it's all about the pitch and getting a one-on-one relationship with managers and store [product] buyers," says Gerami, who is aiming to expand nationally by 2015. "We're planning a very slow build."
Expanding to that next level often takes risk. For Vita Coco, it's helped to have celebs on board who, at times, have also acted as brand ambassadors in advertisements. Back when the company still had fewer than 20 employees a few years ago, Kirban says Madonna's manager approached him to form a partnership. But since there wasn't enough money for an advertising campaign -- let alone an endorsement deal -- the entrepreneur offered the musician a slot in a small investment round. That partnership then attracted other celebs.
Related: Are Celebrity Investors Worth the Hype?
From those key endorsements, more mainstream shoppers took note of coconut water. And soon the company would move beyond the New York City-based ethnic grocery stores that accounted for most the company's early sales. Shops in Los Angeles started carrying the Vita Coco brand, followed by national drug store chains and retailers like Costco over the past couple of years.
"It was crazy when we started, and this eight-and-a-half years has been that—one crazy thing after the other," says Kirban. "We just kept going, and there was nothing to lose."


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As Adult or Teenage Fans of LEGO, we value your perspective and respect your creativity and passion for the LEGO brand.
Once again we ask you to take a survey so that we may learn more about the needs and wishes of the global AFOL (defined as ages 20+) and TFOL (defined as ages 13-19) communities.
Please take a few moments to complete this short online survey to let us know your opinion about the LEGO Group.
You might notice that the link refers to the LEGO Kids Inner Circle; this is because Satmetrix, which hosts that site, is also supporting our efforts to track AFOL/TFOL opinions. Rest assured that this survey is for AFOL's and TFOLs only.
Here are some of the key findings from the July 2010 survey:
- The survey was completed by 7.911 AFOLs and TFOLs. 35% of respondents were TFOLs, 65% was AFOLs. The number of respondent continues to grow and the difference between teenagers and adults has shifted by 5% in favor of the teenagers from the last survey results.
In this survey we asked some questions specifically about the use of smart phones. We found that only 33% of the all respondents use one, of those only 19% of the teenage fans use one while 41% of the adults use one.
Regarding the preferred operating system, Apple was the highest with 49% followed by Android with 16%.
When asked about interest in interacting with LEGO Customer service, 33% said you preferred not to. Of those that would like to interact, 53% preferred to use an online method such as facebook or virtual chat program
Thank you,
The LEGO Community Team
Survey Link:
http://www.legokidsinnercircle.com/lego ... ourceValue>


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Story highlights
NEW: U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton calls the attack "inexcusable"
Syrian security forces helped secure path back to embassy
Protesters gathered at the office of the politician he was meeting with
State department says the mob was "violent"
The U.S. ambassador to Syria, Robert Ford, was safe Thursday after being attacked by a pro-government group, a U.S. government official told CNN.
"It was an attack by an armed mob and he is OK," said the official, who was not authorized to speak to the media and did not want to be named.
Ford, who has been outspoken against the Syrian government's use of violence against protesters, is seen by pro-government supporters as an activist more than a diplomat.
Ford sparked a diplomatic firestorm in July when he traveled to the restive city of Hama to express support for demonstrators. He was welcomed with flowers by local residents who had suffered a brutal crackdown by government forces. President Bashar al-Assad's government called the trip an attempt to foment dissent.
Since then, Ford has continued to be seen by some as serving as a traditional diplomat and more as a provocateur.
A crowd tried to assault Ford and embassy colleagues "as they went about doing the normal work of any embassy," State Department spokesman Mark Toner said.
"The mob was violent; it tried, unsuccessfully, to attack embassy personnel while they were inside several embassy vehicles, seriously damaging the vehicles in the process," Toner said.
Syrian security officers helped secure a path back to the U.S. Embassy for the ambassador and his staff.
U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton condemned we she described as "an unwarranted attack" when Ford and his aides were conducting "normal embassy business."
Clinton said it was an "inexcusable assault" that is "clearly part of an ongoing campaign of intimidation."
At the time of the attack, Ford was visiting Hassan Abdul Azim, head of the opposition Arab Socialist Democratic Union.
According to Azim, about 50 to 100 people gathered at the door to his office and began to chant loudly when Ford arrived. Some of them even tried to break down the door, he said.
The crowd protested rowdily for more than two hours, he said.
Azim could not confirm what Ford was attacked with, but a witness said the demonstrators threw tomatoes.
Azim added that tomatoes were cleaned up off the street afterward.
During their meeting, Azim told Ford that his party doesn't want outside intervention in Syria's unrest, but it does want freedom, democracy and peaceful coexistence among all religious groups.
Ford's outreach to the Syrian opposition has infuriated Syrian government officials. The official Syrian news agency, SANA, citing comments made Monday by Toner, accused the United States of encouraging armed opposition groups to carry out acts of violence against the Syrian army.
Monday, Toner told reporters in Washington that "the (Syrian) government's continued use of violence against innocent civilians, I think, is engendering the opposition to use violence back at the Syrian authorities. … It's a matter of self-defense."
Meanwhile, the spokesman for the French Embassy in Washington, Luis Vassy, told CNN that the French ambassador to Syria was attacked a few days ago with eggs and stones by pro-government demonstrators after he met with the Greek Orthodox patriarch in Damascus.
France protested the attack. Nobody was injured, but Vassy called the incident "obviously unacceptable."
"We hold the Syrians responsible of the security of our personnel in Syria," Vassy said.
During the summer, the French Embassy in Damascus was attacked by people entering the precinct, and embassy guards had to fire warning shots, Vassy said.
CNN's Ben Brumfield, Tracy Doueiry and Ivan Watson contributed to this report.


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We learned last weekend, via Chris Mortensen of ESPN, that the bounty appeal hearings conducted by former Commissioner Paul Tagliabue will consume several days, making them look more like a courtroom proceeding than the cursory "you'll get nothing and like it" protocol that the NFL had intended to employ with Commissioner Roger Goodell presiding over the case.
But the question continues to be who will -- and who won't -- testify.
CBS has reported that former Saints assistant Mike Cerullo will participate. His testimony becomes critical in light of his sworn statement and his email to the league office from last November, which dusted off a cold case and set the entire bounty process in motion.
But CBS reports that, while the players involved in the bounty appeal have been told that former Saints defensive coordinator Gregg Williams will testify, Williams has "rejected repeated overtures to do so and continues to do so."
There's an easy solution to the problem. The NFL needs to tell Williams that he'll participate, or he'll never coach or consult or have any connection of any kind to the NFL again.
Already, Williams will have a hard time ever coaching again in the NFL, given the content of a sworn statement that fairly can be characterized as tattling on one of his players, Saints linebacker Jonathan Vilma. Right or wrong, plenty of NFL players will neither trust Williams nor have any respect for him.
But it's believed that Gregg Williams will, once his suspension ends, become a consultant for the Rams, studying film and working on game plans away from the locker room and the practice field. The league, which expressly has conditioned his reinstatement on the extent to which he cooperates with future proceedings, needs to simply tell Williams that, if he doesn't testify, he'll never be reinstated.
And Tagliabue needs to tell the NFL that, if Williams isn't compelled to appear, his sworn statement will be regarded as inadmissible and irrelevant.
While no proceeding of this nature entails subpoena power, the NFL has the ability to force its employees to cooperate, or risk consequences to their jobs. If the NFL chooses not to use that power over Williams, the league should be prevented from using any of the evidence he has provided.


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Jesse Brown Cook Scrapbooks Documenting San Francisco History and Law Enforcement, ca. 1895-1936
BANC PIC 1996.003--fALB
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The Jesse Cook scrapbooks consist of thirty-nine volumes containing an estimated 12,000 items, including photographs, newspaper clippings, and ephemera, primarily centering on the history of San Francisco and police activity in the city. The collection is thought to have once numbered fifty scrapbooks.
Jesse Brown Cook (1860-1938) was a member of the San Francisco Police Department from the 1890s to the 1930s. He began as a beat cop, and then rose through the ranks to become Sergeant of the Chinatown Squad; he retired as Chief of Police and later returned to the force as Police Commissioner. Before his years of service in the police force he studied taxidermy, worked as a sailor, drayman, and butcher, and toured Europe as a contortionist. His police career began in San Antonio and San Diego before he relocated to San Francisco.
39 albums containing ca. 8000 photographic prints and ca. 4000 newspaper clippings and ephemera; 14< x 10< in. 4131 digital objects
Copyright has not been assigned to The Bancroft Library. All requests for permission to publish photographs must be submitted in writing to the Curator of Pictorial Collections. Permission for publication is given on behalf of The Bancroft Library as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the reader.
Collection is available for use.
Collection Overview
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Volume 1
Volume 2:1
Volume 2:2
Volume 3
Volume 4
Volume 5:1
Volume 5:2
Volume 6:1
Volume 6:2
Volume 7
Volume 8
Volume 9
Volume 10
Volume 11
Volume 12
Volume 13
Volume 14
Volume 15
Volume 16
Volume 17
Volume 18
Volume 19
Volume 20
Volume 21
Volume 22
Volume 23
Volume 24
Volume 25
Volume 26
Volume 27
Volume 28
Volume 29:1
Volume 29:2
Volume 29:3
Volume 30
Volume 31
Volume 32
Volume 33
Volume 34
Volume 35


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iPhone OS 3.0 is coming, preview on March 17th
We just got the announcement, iPhone OS 3.0 is coming. Set your clocks, mark your calendars. It's going down March 17th. Apparently, we'll get a sneak peak at the new OS, as well as a look at a brand new version of the SDK. Exciting stuff indeed, and we'll be there live at 10am PST (1pm EST) with the liveblog. Apple's calling this an "advance preview of what we're building," so we're not expecting anything ready to go as of the 17th, but hopefully this will allow developers to start building toward future functionality (hey, how about some push notifications?), and presumably users won't have too many months to wait after that for the real deal.


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Age 0 to 6 Months
All Toys
- Toys for this age are primarily for: looking, listening, sucking, or fingering.
- Infants 0 to 2 months enjoy seeing and hearing interesting things.
- Infants 2 to 6 months show growing interest in touching, holding, batting, turning, shaking, kicking, mouthing and tasting objects.
- Infants like to see:
- Bright primary colors.
- High contrast.
- Simple designs.
- Clear lines and features.
- Human face features (especially eyes).
- Bull's eye pattern.
- Infants enjoy watching hanging objects or "mobiles" that move by wind, wind-up action, or infant's own activity.
- Toys for watching should be suspended only 8 to 14 inches (200 to 360 millimeters) from the infant's eyes and angled toward his/her eyes, then moved up out of reach when he/she can touch them.
- Toys for watching are more appealing if they move and make noise (but movement should be slow and noise not too loud or sudden).
- Infants enjoy variety.
- Infants enjoy producing effects on toys by their own activity.
- Toys for holding should be light and easy to grasp.
- Mouth-able toys should have all safety features recommended for infants:
- No sharp points or edges.
- No small parts to be lodged in throat, ears, nose.
- No electrical parts.
- Nontoxic materials.
- No glass or brittle plastic.
- No parts to entrap fingers, toes, hands.
- No long strings.
Active Play
- Push and Pull Toys - Not suited to age group
- Ride-on Toys - Not suited to age group
- Outdoor or Gym Equipment - Infant swings (with adult supervision)
- Sports Equipment - Clutch balls, texture balls, and/or soft squeeze balls are allowed for ages of 6 to 8 weeks.
- All balls given to this age group should be at least 1 and 3/4 inches (44 millimeters) in diameter; however if any object appears to fit easily in the child's mouth, keep it away from the child
Manipulative Play
- Construction Toys - From about 4 months - Soft blocks
- Puzzles - Not suited to age group
- Pattern Making Toys - not suited to age group
- Manipulative Toys - Simple rattles, teethers, light, sturdy cloth toys, squeeze toys, toys suspended above or to the side of infant for batting and grasping
- Manipulative Toys - From about 4 months - Disks, keys on ring, interlocking plastic rings, small handheld manipulable items, crib gyms (children who can push up on hands and knees can struggle on crib gyms - be sure to remove crib gyms from crib or playpen at this time)
- Dressing, Lacing, Stringing Toys - Not suited to age group
- Sand and Water Play Toys - Not suited to age group
Make Believe Play
- Dolls - Soft baby dolls, soft bodied dolls, or rag dolls all with molded not loose hair.
- Stuffed Toys - Small plush animals, music box animals (operated and monitored for safety by adults), grab on soft toys
- Puppets - Soft hand puppets (held and moved by adults)
- Role-Play Materials - Mirrors (Large, unbreakable) fastened to crib, playpen or wall (Peak interest in mirrors 4 to 6 months)
- Play Scenes (including small figures) - Not suited to age group
- Transportation Toys - Simple push cars (one-piece)
- Projectile Toys - Not suited to age group
Creative Play
- Musical Instruments - Not suited to age group
- Art and Craft Materials - Not suited to age group
- Audio - Visual Equipment (Adult Operated) - Records, tapes or CDs (gentle regular rhythms, lullabies), music boxes
Learning Play
- Games - Not suited to age group
- Specific Skill Development Toys - Not suited to age group
- Books - May enjoy listening to a story being read