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Recently we travelled to Warwick for a family wedding and discovered a friendly and attractive city filled with great cafes and historical country pubs, rose filled streets and a rich history. To local indigenous people Warwick is known as Gooragooby. It's said that George Leslie chose the name of Warwick from the pages of a romantic novel by Lord Lytton , so this romantic setting was perfect for this romance writer. We stayed for several days and explored the town and surrounds. We were delighted by what we found only two hours from our home in Brisbane.
As we were staying as a family we chose the charming AirBnB Canning Chalet, able to sleep eight, which was central and decorated beautifully. Boasting four bedrooms, two bathrooms, verandahs, fireplace and fully equipped kitchen we spent a comfortable few days with plenty of room for us all. Others enjoyed staying at the Coachman's Inn and the historic Abbey Boutique Hotel, which caught my eye for our next visit as a couple, with all its history, beautiful rose gardens and ornate features.
I'd taken a book to read for the journey to Warwick but I never opened it. The drive was so scenic. As rain came through we drove through the clouds of Cunningham's Gap, which felt like being in a scene from a movie. It was tempting to stop at the many attractions of the Scenic Rim, from farm shops to wineries and quaint bakeries and pubs.
We spent our first evening dining at the recently renovated Warwick Hotel. Built in 1908 it still retains the charm and character of yesteryear. I enjoyed a prosciutto wrapped chicken breast and plenty of vegetables which hit the spot after our long drive. There were plenty of delicious steaks and chicken parmigiana hitting the table for the family.
We woke to a sunny day and decided to brunch before exploring the town. We enjoyed a delicious breakfast and coffee at The Cherry Tree Coffee & Dining. I enjoyed the Eggs Benedict with Baby Spinach and Garlic Mushrooms and hubby loved his Avocado Smash with poached eggs. Staff were so friendly and service was extremely efficient. My husband loved it so much he took the boys back after golf the next day and they were greeted like locals.
We spent the morning exploring the town, which has one of the most massive and modern Coles stores I'd ever seen and I do know my way around a Coles! Great antique shops, clothing stores and stationery stores beckoned. We then headed to Pringle Cottage, which has been a family home, hospital and finishing school. It is a sandstone treasure built by Scottish stonemason John McCulloch.
The home is furnished with many period items and shows the way we used to live. As a teacher I was fascinated by the old school room set up. It certainly made me nostalgic for schooldays of old. Outside is an extensive machinery display that caught my husband's eye. Many of the pieces have been restored to their original condition. I loved the Warwick News Printery filled with a history of printing technology and a massive display of typewriters, which always fascinate me.
The Canning Downs Building houses a saddlery, office, store, memorabilia and much more. Outside is a Shepherd's Hut, showing the conditions shepherds lived in while tending their sheep. Don't miss the quirky 'The Emporium ' which has an extensive display of memorabilia and information on Warwick's history. It was such an interesting spot you could visit again and again. There is so much to see. I had to have my photo taken in the lovely heritage sandstone rose garden which was built to celebrate 150 years of Warwick.
Heading out we visited the lovely Gardens Galore which is a treasure trove of plants, garden ornaments, gifts, fashion and an inviting café. A must do spot loved by visitors and locals alike. Our youngest can recommend the burgers and delicious milkshakes. After vowing to come back and buy some fresh flowers from the inviting display, we decided to take a scenic drive to nearby Killarney where we could wave across the border to our NSW cousins. There is much to explore here from vintage shops to art galleries, picturesque gardens and country markets. Heading back to Warwick we noticed many walking trails I'd love to trek if we had more time.
Choosing a dinner spot was easy with everyone recommending Bluebird Kitchen and Smokehouse. The restaurant is an American style Wood Smoked BBQ restaurant which opened in 2015. It was so busy we were pleased we'd booked. The family ordered an array of yummy burgers, with some sharing the BBQ platter sporting a generous serving of four different smoked meats, four sides, pickles and soft tortillas. I enjoyed some delicious brisket tacos. The servings were generous and food was amazing. We would definitely visit this atmospheric restaurant again.
The morning proved clear and sunny for the day of the wedding and whilst the lads golfed and brunched, the ladies headed to Rebel and The Gypsy for hair and makeup. My hair stylist in Brisbane had found them for me through her friends at NAK and the team here came highly recommended. They also do photo shoots.
We were greeted by the lovely Storm and Chloe who made us feel instantly at home. They listened and knew exactly the looks we were going for, creating soft curls and terrific wedding make up to suit both of our outfits. We were actually shocked by how good they were. We thought the lads might not recognise us when we got home. These expert stylists had made us look so good. A lovely, friendly salon in Warwick that I can now highly recommend for your special occasion look.
The rest of the family wedding weekend passed in a blur and thankfully went off without a hitch at the romantic Glenbridge Country Weddings. Before heading home to Brisbane it was time to relax and recharge at Canning Chalet, reading on the cosy verandah, sharing a wine and cheese platter and reminiscing on a fabulous few days with family and friends. We were lucky with the lovely weather, which boasted fine days with cooler nights. The area was also very green after the recent rains, so we were seeing Warwick at her very best.
We would love to visit Leslie Dam and do some trail walks or visit some flower farms and nearby wineries on our next visit. We still have to visit the Art Gallery and some friends recently enjoyed the Warwick Rodeo. The town also hosts the popular annual fun event – Jumpers and Jazz in July. Look out for the Big Shears which commemorate gun shearer, Jackie Howe. He was born on Canning Downs Station near Warwick and is one of the area's most famous sons.
The pretty rural city, known for its elegant buildings, is full of charm and history. Known as the ' Rose and Rodeo' City it is best experienced by taking one of the many walks and just exploring. For a lovely mini break head to Warwick and the Southern Downs and don't forget to say a ' hi ' from me to the friendly locals. There is so much to see exploring country Queensland.
Freelance writer, wife and mother of three sons, occasional supply teacher and aspiring romance author, Michelle Beesley can be most often found in a coffee shop chatting with friends or beside a rugby field cheering on her favourite teams.
Michelle is a prolific—albeit reluctant—traveller, keen walker, bookworm and yoga enthusiast who loves anything pink or sparkly (including champagne!).


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Oct 22, 20217 Sherry cocktails for a Merry timeBank on Spain's fortified white wine, sherry, for a year-round cocktail supply. Sherry comes in various forms — sweet, savory, and salty. From dry and acidic fino to sweet and savory oloroso, a pour of sherry brings balance to cocktails with a wide spectrum of flavors. A timeless and exciting…Cocktails2 min readCocktails2 min read
Oct 22, 2021Choose a Squid Game character and we'll tell you what to drinkPick a character and let the drink gods guide you to what you should be drinking this weekend. As if BTS wasn't enough for us to get obsessed with Korean pop culture — Netflix had to bring in Squid Game, and we have to admit, we are still very much…Los Angeles2 min readLos Angeles2 min read
Oct 22, 2021Best of the best: Mexican restaurants in LondonFrom mezcal and tequila cocktails to some delicious tacos and chalupas, here are some of the best Mexican restaurants in London. Bringing authentic flavours from Mexico, these restaurants in London will sizzle your taste buds with a wide range of dishes to offer. And while you are indulging in the…Mexican4 min readMexican4 min read
Jun 3, 2021Spending a day in Colaba!Here's how you should go about your day when in Colaba As you probably already know, Mumbai is a city which is larger than life. With the traffic that Mumbai has to offer, it's near to impossible to explore a lot in one day. However, you can definitely do one area per day. One area in Mumbai is as big as…Mumbai5 min readMumbai5 min read
Jun 3, 2021Beer + Pizza: A Match made in heavenBeer and pizza go hand in hand. On National Pizza Party Day, try any of these winning beers to go with your slice of pizza. Most people will never say no to pizza. New York City has its fair share of great pizza, be it your neighbourhood late-night, always the same pizza or a slice you are willing to cross boroughs for. …New York4 min readNew York4 min read
Jun 3, 2021Best Moldovan Wine of 2021Rose De Purcari Sapiens won the Best in the Country Award (Moldova) at the 2021 London Wine Competition. Sapiens, the most perfect yet controversial creature. Human, a complex body of contradictions, is the inspiration of this Sapiens series from Purcari Winery. Rose De Purcari Sapiens took home the title of the Best Mondorian Wine of 2021 (Best in Show by Country) at the 2021 London Wine Competition.Moldova5 min readMoldova5 min read
Jun 1, 2021Celebrating CognacsRaise your glass to celebrate the beautiful world of cognacs. A celebration of one of the finest spirits around today, World Cognac Day 2021 (on June 4), is upon us! Produced in France, the drink takes its name from the town from which it was first created. The story for Cognac started back in the 16th Century when Dutch settlers…Chicago4 min readChicago4 min read
Jun 1, 2021Best Portuguese wines of 2021Sip on the finesse of these gold medalist wines from the London Wine Competition. When most people think of Portuguese wines, the first thing that comes to mind is a fortified wine like Porto. However, Portuguese wines have been making strides in the non-fortified, or table wines arena and these are much more substantial and varied in nature. With more than 250 varieties of…Portuguese4 min readPortuguese4 min read
Jun 1, 2021Frozen drinks are back and we're here for itThis summer, dress up your frozen cocktails with something new. Whether it's a boozy popsicle, frozen fruit dipped into vodka, or an iced-out cocktail, frozen drinks are here for us this summer. As the heat rises, so does our urge to sip on a chilled drink — and what better than a frozen cocktail on a hot summer day? And…Los Angeles4 min readLos Angeles4 min read
May 17, 2021Top 5 best bars in Los AngelesHere's the best of them all: the top five bars in Los Angeles for every occasion The thirst is genuine in Los Angeles, which works well because there's no lack of great drinks from the best bars in town. There are cozy dives across town, happy hours with a view of Hollywood's high altitudes, and cheap concoctions in the swankiest downtown hotels. Here's the best of…Los Angeles4 min readLos Angeles4 min read

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Carer and family spillovers in economic evaluation
September 19, 2019
It is increasingly recognised that costs and outcomes falling on carers and others close to the patient should be considered in economic evaluation. This workshop will cover a range of techniques that have been developed and applied over the last 20 years. The day will comprise lectures and practical sessions, and an opportunity for participants to discuss their research challenges with the workshop leaders.
Workshop leaders:
Hareth Al-Janabi, Senior Lecturer in Health Economics, University of Birmingham
Werner Brouwer, Professor of Health Economics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam
Please contact Hareth Al-Janabi (email@example.com) to register and/or ask any questions about the workshop.
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UGM Charity Bowling Tournament presented by Earthworks
The philanthropic efforts of our members don't go unnoticed! Each year, AATC hosts a bowling tournament that raises over $25,000 for Union Gospel Mission of Fort Worth. UGM is a local faith-based organization focused on creating programs for homeless individuals to maximize their potential by developing the skills needed to become independent, productive community partners.
Even if you are not bowling, come out and support UGM! There is no fee to attend as a spectator. Anyone can purchase Gospel Goodie Tickets for the raffles of the Booze Wagon and Gospel Goodies! You can still participate in the Silent Auction as well. All for a good cause.
Don't Forget - UGM's Items of Need are Laundry Detergent and Cleaning Supplies. Bring these items with you when you come to the event.
What: UGM Charity Bowling Tournament presented by Earthworks
When: Saturday, March 4, starting @ 11am
Where: Bowero Euless, 1901 W Airport Fwy, Euless TX 76040
Come join us on March 4th to help us raise money and enjoy a day of fun at Bowlero in Euless!
Thank you to our Lunch Sponsor:
- MFI - McMahan's Flooring, Inc
Thank you to our Booze Wagon Sponsor:
- Zumper
Thank You to our Silent Auction Basket Sponsors:
- ALN Apartment Data
- Apartments.con
- BH Management
- Element Enterprises
- Excel Construction Group
- Handytrac Key Control
- Hillwood
- MFI-McMahans Flooring, Inc
- Moved
- Norman Construction
- Olympus Property
- Portico Property Management
- Precision Appliance Leasing
- Property Paving
- Rasa Floors
- Recon Technical Solutions Inc.
- Renovia
- Sherwin-Williams
- Superior Floors
- Texas Southwest Floors
- The Phoenix Staffing
- Watchtower Security
Reserve Your Gospel Goodies Sponsorship Above!
Thanks for supporting UGM!
Alley Cat Pest Termite Control, Inc
ALN Apartment Data
American Landmark
Asset Living
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Bellrock Real Estate Partners
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First Onsite
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Nextdoor Painting
Olympus Property
Optimized Waste Removal
Pinnacle Foudnation Repair
Portico Property Management
Property Paving, Inc
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Richmond & Associates Landscaping
Sayan Renovations Construction
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💥Special deal: Ends 15 February 2023 💥
European Massage Championship 2023
12-13-14 May 2023, Sibiu, Transylvania, Romania
Workshops | Trophies | Connections
Are you ready???
The European Massage Championship 2023 is fast approaching and we are excited to see the amazing talent that will be showcased at this event.
Every challenge comes with a lot of emotions and the participants focus their energy 100%. Their dedication is felt on the body's receiver. It is the one thing that they don't see, but they will definitely feel it and remember for a long time.
We look forward to seeing you there!
Be part of the greatest community where the therapist is the heart of everything!
Be involved! Be unity! Be EMC23 participant!
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Adhesive - other products
Soudal Fix All Crystal is a high-quality and versatile adhesive sealant that is specifically designed for use in applications that require a crystal-clear finish. It is great for bonding glass to glass, or anything requiring invisible sealing and bonding with a transparent product. Can be used for food-safe applications.
Common applications of Soudal Fix All Crystal include:
- All common bonding and sealing applications, for both interior and exterior
- Invisible bonding for glass, plastics, and mirrors
- Foodsafe applications
- Sign-making, automotive, marine, and industrial applications
- Transparent and elastic bonding in construction and building applications
- Joints in bathrooms and kitchens
Some of the advantages of this amazing product involve:
- Invisible bonding and sealing
- Easy to use: no need for UV curing or other troublesome methods
- Can be used as a long-lasting adhesive
- Permanent elasticity and flexibility – can be used as a sealant
- Bonds onto humid surfaces, even underwater!
- Excellent resistance to weather and UV
- Can be painted with all water-based paints and many other systems (compatibility test recommended)
- Virtually no smell
- Free of isocyanates, solvents, halogens and acids
- Fast curing without the need for a primer
- Impervious to mould; contains ZnP (biocide with fungicidal action)
- Suitable for sanitary applications
What Blue Rhine Offers?
We offer Soudal Fix All Crystal through our stores located throughout the UAE, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain.
Shop online for our lowest prices. Visit www.bluerhine.store - B2B Made Fast, Simple & Transparent.


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Foster Employee Wellbeing
These resources highlight the benefits of putting the health and wellbeing of your workers at the forefront of your strategy, and will help you to conceive of proactive, holistic, inclusive, and effective approaches to treating employees fairly and accounting for their unique needs.
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Racial Equity Tools
Racial Equity Tools has compiled a vast library of resources that will help you to understand and advance racial equity within your organisation. The library is arranged into four broad "themes," including fundamentals, such are core concepts, the history of racism and movements, data, and resources; planning that examines key issues, such as economic security and language justice; acting to find strategies and advocate for ending structural racism and advancing social change; and evaluating progress and results.
A Practical Toolkit to Help Employers Build an Inclusive Workforce
This toolkit from the Mental Health Commission of Canada is an excellent resource for creating an accommodating and inclusive workplace and addressing the needs of workers living with mental illness.
The toolkit is divided into five sections: an organisational self-assessment that will help you to identify what your organisation is doing well and where it can improve; an exploration of workplace strategies and resource for addressing key issues; case scenarios; a framework to help you assess your organisation's ROI and predict related costs; and practical tools that will help you to monitor, evaluate, and ensure ongoing improvement.
The toolkit will benefit HR professionals and employees tasks with wellness, diversity, and other sustainability-related responsibilities to improve recruitment and retention, and to support policies and practices that affect everyone.
WELL Building Standard
This research-informed resource from the International WELL Building Institute (IWBI) will help you to create and support thoughtful and intentional spaces that enhance human health and well-being. WELL draws upon the expertise of medical professionals, public health experts, building scientists, and thousands of other practitioners and WELL users to advance the quality of life of workers. The standard addresses ten key concepts such as air, light, thermal comfort, movement, and materials in the workplace, and provides evidence-based recommendations for performance-testing and optimisation.
Canadian Centre for Diversity and Inclusion
The Canadian Centre for Diversity and Inclusion (CCDI) has created a range of reports, resources, and toolkits to help you with advancing equity and challenging racism in the workplace. These resources include leadership and workplace guides that focus on creating inclusive and safe spaces, as well as step-by-step toolkits that explain how to navigate race in the workplace and develop a diversity and inclusion strategy. Although much of the CCDI's content is written from a Canadian context, most of their insights and lessons are universally relevant.
White Supremacy Culture
White supremacy culture can manifest in subtle ways within the workplace, such as through perfectionism, defensiveness, paternalism, and individualism. This primer will help you to understand and better identify problematic attitudes and behaviours, and to proactively build a more inclusive, collaborative, and supportive environment.
Why corporate well-being initiatives need to get personal
Urgent global issues such as wealth inequality, technological disruption, and diminished trust in institutions are forcing organizations to re-evaluate their business purpose and reconfigure their wellbeing initiatives. This article explores some simple ways to make your wellbeing strategy more employee-centric, such as by leading with purpose, upskilling employees to ensure future success, and using data and analytics to align benefit investments with what employees want and need.
The Wellness Syndrome
Are corporate wellness programs making people worse? Researchers Andre Spicer and Carl Cederström explore how our current approaches to wellness may be resulting in guilt, reduced productivity, and a number of other outcomes that actually make us less healthy and more anxious. This will be an interesting read for practitioners involved in wellness programs at their organisations.
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Customizing Navigation Flows to Access Other EPM Cloud Environments
You can customize the business process interface to access other EPM Cloud environments from the Home page of a source environment. For example, you can add artifacts to the Home page, such as forms or reports, from other EPM Cloud environments. You can group these artifacts (called cards) into clusters by customizing navigation flows. Clusters and cards from target EPM Cloud environments can be directly included in the navigation flows of source EPM Cloud environments. You can also use the Navigation Flow Designer to customize cards to have tabular pages where each tab is an artifact from a different environment.
These two use cases describe in detail how to customize navigation flows to access other EPM Cloud environments:
Grouping Cards from Other EPM Cloud Environments into Clusters
Configuring Cards with Tabs from Multiple EPM Cloud Environments
To learn more about designing navigation flows, see Designing Custom Navigation Flows.


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Background and Objective: Dieulafoy lesion is a rare, but life-threatening, cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and endoscopic therapy is the preferred first-line treatment. The present study aims to analyze the risk factors for rebleeding after endoscopic hemostasis of gastroduodenal Dieulafoy lesion. Methods. A retrospective review of patients with Dieulafoy lesion who developed acute gastrointestinal bleeding and were treated primarily with endoscopic therapy from September 2014 to April 2019 was conducted. Results. A total of 133 patients with Dieulafoy lesion were included in the present study. The mean age of these patients was 56.05 ± 16.58 years, and 115 patients were male. Among these 133 patients, 26 patients developed rebleeding within 30 days of endoscopic therapy. The 30-day rebleeding rate for pure injection therapy (epinephrine, cyanoacrylate, or lauromacrogol injection alone), nonpure injection therapy (argon plasma coagulation, band ligation, and hemoclip application alone), and combination therapy (combination of any >2 methods) was 45.2%, 12.8%, and 11%, respectively. In the univariable analysis, endoscopic treatment, prothrombin time, gender, Rockall score, and leukocyte count were the risk factors for rebleeding. In the multivariable analysis, pure injection endoscopic treatment, white blood cells (>10 × 109/L), and prothrombin time >12 seconds were the independent risk factors for rebleeding. Conclusion. Patients who undergo pure injection endoscopic treatment and have a high leukocyte count (>10 × 109/L) or elevated prothrombin time (>12 seconds) have an increased risk of rebleeding within 30 days after endoscopic treatment for gastroduodenal Dieulafoy lesion. Combined endoscopic treatment is the most effective therapy to prevent rebleeding in gastroduodenal Dieulafoy lesion.
1. Introduction
Dieulafoy lesion (DL) is an infrequent cause of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, especially upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding, and accounts for 1-2% of acute GI bleeding cases [1]. This disease was named after George Dieulafoy, who first described it in 1898 [2]. DL is a persistent, large, and tortuous artery, in which the diameter does not decrease when it reaches the mucosa from the submucosa [3]. The erosion of the mucosa and arterial wall leads to acute GI bleeding, which can be life-threatening [4]. DL predominantly occurs in the upper digestive tract, and approximately 95% of lesions occur in the stomach, especially in the gastric body [5]. DL can be found in the esophagus, ileum, jejunum, colon, rectum, and bronchus [6–9].
There are many ways to treat DL. Among these, endoscopic treatment remains as the preferred method due to the high success rate [10]. Various endoscopic techniques are available to achieve hemostasis. Barakat et al. reported that endoscopic band ligation and hemostatic clip are the most effective methods for DL [11]. Jiang et al. reported that cyanoacrylate injection and hemoclip placement are both effective in controlling bleeding from DL [12]. However, some patients can develop rebleeding after endoscopic therapy, which can also be life-threatening.
There are very few reports on the outcomes of combined endoscopic therapy for DL and its comparison with single endoscopic treatment. Furthermore, the reported studies have a small sample size. At present, there are no standard guidelines on the choice of endoscopic treatment for DL. In addition, the risk factors for the rebleeding of DL remain unknown. The present study aimed at investigating the risk factors for rebleeding within 30 days after emergency endoscopic treatment for DL and comparing the outcomes of different endoscopic hemostatic methods.
2. Materials and Methods
In the present retrospective study, patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for acute GI bleeding due to DL at the Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China, from September 1, 2014, to April 11, 2019, were included. All emergency endoscopies were performed by an experienced deputy director or chief physician, and all included patients had follow-up records for at least 30 days (Figures 1–4). An ethics committee approval and written consent were not required for the present study.
2.1. Patient Selection
The present study included male or nonpregnant female patients within 15–90 years old, who were diagnosed to have DL in the gastroduodenal region on white light endoscopy and required hospitalization. The exclusion criteria were as follows: the diagnosis of DL could not be confirmed, DL was located in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, and the presence of suspected malignancy.
2.2. Diagnosis of Dieulafoy Lesion
The endoscopic findings used for the diagnosis of DL were as follows [13]: (1) active arterial spurt, or pulsation from tiny mucosal defects or through the surrounding normal mucosa; (2) visualization of a protruding vessel, with or without active bleeding, within a minute mucosal defect or through the normal surrounding mucosa; and (3) the appearance of a fresh and densely adherent clot with a narrow point of attachment to a minute mucosal defect, or to a normal-appearing mucosa.
2.3. Data Collection
The collected data included the demographic information (age, gender, smoking, alcohol, comorbidities, and medication history), physical examination findings (blood pressure and heart rate), presenting symptoms, family history of UGI bleeding, laboratory reports, Forrest classification, AIMS65 score, Blatchford score, Rockall score, endoscopic treatment, and outcome (including death, rebleeding, and the need for surgery). A smoker was defined as a patient who smoked more than one cigarette per day for more than one year. Alcohol consumer was defined as patients who drank alcohol of any type for more than once every week, for at least one year. For the univariable and multivariable analysis, these patients were divided into three groups based on the endoscopic hemostatic method used: pure injection (including epinephrine injection plus cyanoacrylate injection and lauromacrogol injection alone), nonpure injection (including APC alone, band ligation alone, and hemoclip application alone), and combination therapy (any combination of two or three methods, as described above) (Table 1). All patients received intravenous proton pump inhibitors (80 mg and 8 mg/hour thereafter) for at least 72 hours postendoscopy.
The outcome measures included rebleeding rate, need for surgery, angiography, and mortality. Rebleeding was defined as recurrent hematemesis and melena with a fall in hemoglobin by at least 2 g/dL after the initial endoscopic treatment within 30 days. In the present study, rebleeding was used as the primary outcome to evaluate the risk factors.
2.4. Statistical Analysis
For the baseline characteristics, the variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or proportion, as appropriate. The differences in baseline characteristics between the rebleeding and nonrebleeding groups were assessed using Student's t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, as appropriate. Univariable analysis was performed to assess the risk factors associated with rebleeding, and those with a value of <0.20 were incorporated into the multivariable analysis. The results were presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). was considered statistically significant. The statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (V.23.0).
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
A total of 2,347 patients had acute UGI bleeding and underwent an emergency endoscopy during the study period at our center. Among these patients, 133 patients (5.6%, Figure 5) with DL were included in the present study.
The mean age of these patients was 56.05 ± 16.58 years, and 115 (86.5%) of these patients were male. Rebleeding occurred in 26 (19.5%) patients, among which five (3.8%) patients required surgery. Three (2.3%) patients died due to rebleeding within 30 days. The most common site for DL was the gastric body (48.9%), followed by the duodenum (23.4%). A total of 96 (72.2%) patients had only DL on the endoscopy. Other lesions apart from the DL found on the endoscopy included inflammatory lesions at the anastomotic site, gastroduodenal ulcers, and erosive gastritis, and these were observed in 5, 24, and 8 patients, respectively. All patients with gastric remnant underwent gastrectomy for benign lesions. Among the 133 DL patients, active bleeding focus and recent hemorrhagic focus were present in 64 and 69 patients, respectively. The most frequent primary endoscopic hemostatic method chosen by endoscopists was combination therapy (41.4%), followed by nonpure injection (35.3%). Hematemesis was the most common symptom. The comorbidities included hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and renal failure, with hypertension (23 (17.3%)) being the most frequent comorbidity. None of the patients had liver disease or cirrhosis. Among the 133 DL patients, two patients were antiplatelet drug users and three patients were taking anticoagulants. Furthermore, 42 (31.6%) patients had a history of smoking and 31 (23.3%) patients were alcohol consumers. In addition, 47 patients had hypotension on admission. Hemoglobin (Hgb) at presentation ranged within 34–169 g/L, with a mean of 78.45 ± 23.26 g/L. Low platelet (PLT) count at presentation was observed in 27 patients. Deranged coagulation profile was present in 31 patients at the time of admission. The baseline characteristics are presented in detail in Table 1.
A comparison of the baseline characteristics of patients among pure injection, nonpure injection, and combination therapy indicated that the difference in age, gender, Forrest classification, Rockall score, AIMS65 score, Blatchford score, mean systolic blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate, WBC count, PLT, BUN, Cr, albumin, PT, APTT, and INR in each group was not significant. This indicates that the condition of patients in each group was not significantly different (Table 2).
3.2. Comparison between the Rebleeding and Nonrebleeding Groups
There were no significant differences between the rebleeding and nonrebleeding groups in terms of age, gender, DL location, Forrest classification, Rockall score, AIMS65 score, Blatchford score, clinical presentation, comorbidities, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, Hgb, PLT, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and international normalized ratio (INR). Patients in the rebleeding group had lower diastolic blood pressure on admission (61.35 ± 11.19 vs. 67.04 ± 13.22; ), lower mean systolic blood pressure on admission (75.2 ± 11.3 vs. 82.45 ± 13.94; ), and lower serum albumin (28.83 ± 4.21 vs. 31.66 ± 6.49; ). On the other hand, mean white blood cell (WBC) count (10.45 ± 6.08 vs. 8.22 ± 3.9; ) and shock index (0.86 ± 0.18 vs. 0.77 ± 0.19; ) were higher in the rebleeding group.
Table 3 presents the univariable analysis of factors that affect the risk of rebleeding. On the univariable analysis, the type of endoscopic treatment, gender, WBC count, Rockall score, and PT were significantly associated with rebleeding. However, age, DL location, Forrest classification, clinical presentation, alcohol, smoking, history of peptic ulcer, AIMS65 score, Blatchford score, PLT, Hgb, and Cr had no apparent significance. On the multivariable analysis, pure injection endoscopic treatment (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.20–0.72; ), WBC ≥ 10 × 109/L (OR: 3.11; 95% CI: 1.17–8.31; ), and PT > 12 seconds (OR: 2.70; 95% CI: 1.02–7.17; ) were the independent risk factors for rebleeding (Table 3). For patients with risk factors (PT > 12 or WBC ≥ 10 × 109/L), the rebleeding rate was higher in the pure injection group than in the nonpure injection and combination therapy groups (42.1% vs. 20.7% vs. 12.5%; ). For patients without risk factors, the rebleeding rate was higher in the pure injection group (50% vs. 0% vs. 8.7%; ) (Table 4).
4. Discussion
Although DL is a not common cause of GI bleeding, a recent study revealed that DL accounts for 1.2%–4.0% of UGI bleeding cases [14, 15]. In the present study, it was found that patients who developed rebleeding had lower diastolic blood pressure, lower mean systolic blood pressure, and lower serum albumin on admission. In addition, patients with a higher WBC count and shock index appeared to have a higher risk of rebleeding within 30 days after endoscopic therapy. Furthermore, pure injection endoscopic treatment was an independent risk factor for DL rebleeding within 30 days, and the lowest risk of rebleeding was observed with the combined endoscopic therapy of DL. In addition, the present study revealed that the rebleeding rate was higher in the pure injection group, irrespective of the risk factors (Table 4). On the other hand, for patients without risk factors, the rebleeding rate was similar in the nonpure injection and combination therapy groups. Therefore, it is recommended that patients with high risk factors should be treated with combination therapy, while patients without high risk factors should be treated with noninjection or combination therapy (Figure 6).
Previous studies have revealed that DL is more frequent in elderly people (>60 years old) [3, 16]. However, in the present study, 73 patients with DL were <60 years old. This finding could be due to the small sample size of previous studies, or due to racial differences. In the present study, WBC ≥ 10 × 109/L was one of the risk factors for DL rebleeding. WBC ≥ 10 × 109/L was associated with almost 3-fold times higher risk of rebleeding, when compared to patients with WBC ≤ 10 × 109/L on admission. Leukocytosis is a marker of infection and inflammation. Previous studies have revealed the significant correlation between elevated leukocyte count and mortality in patients with peptic ulcer [17, 18]. In addition, high leukocyte count also indicates serious illness [19]. In the present study, it was speculated that WBC ≥ 10 × 109/L reflected the severity of DL bleeding, or revealed that the mucosal ulcer was infected and has a higher risk of hemorrhage. Hence, it may be imperative for clinicians to closely follow up DL patients with a high WBC count, since they have a higher risk of rebleeding. Elevated PT was identified as another independent risk factor for DL rebleeding. Prolonged PT indicates deranged coagulation function and could be the reason for the secondary rebleeding from the site of endoscopic clipping or injection therapy [20]. Hence, for such patients, and along with endoscopic therapy, the coagulation profile should be corrected by stopping the anticoagulants, especially when the patient is taking any of these, and administering fresh frozen plasma. In addition, for patients with prolonged PT and increased leukocyte count, combined endoscopic therapy should be preferred. Although other ulcers were found during the endoscopy, since none of these other ulcers had bleeding manifestations, it was not considered that the rebleeding after the endoscopic hemostasis was caused by ulcers in other parts.
The previous study conducted by Ding et al. revealed that hemoclip application is a safe and effective treatment for preventing DL rebleeding [16]. Alis et al. reported that bang ligation was superior to other endoscopic methods for preventing rebleeding in DL [21]. Iacopini et al. reported that thermal coagulation is an effective endoscopic method [22]. Kanth et al. and Sone et al. reported that combined endoscopic therapy may be the best way to reduce rebleeding [3, 14]. There were also several other studies, in which various endoscopic methods have been successfully used to treat DL [23–25]. However, since most of these studies had a small sample size, a multivariable regression analysis was not performed, and the independent risk factors for rebleeding could not be appropriately identified.
There were some limitations of the present study. First, the present study was a single-center retrospective study. Hence, the findings of the present study need to be validated through multicenter prospective studies. Second, electrocoagulation hemostasis was not separately identified as a type of noninjection endoscopic treatment, and tissue gel injection was also not separated from the cyanoacrylate injection, which may lead to errors in the results. Third, the present study only reported the outcomes of the endoscopic treatment of DL in the gastroduodenal region, and these could not be extrapolated to the DL at the other sites. Fourth, the experience and proficiency of different endoscopists may have had an impact on the results.
In conclusion, the pure injection type of endoscopic treatment, elevated leukocyte count (>10 × 108/L), and elevated prothrombin time (>12 seconds) were the independent risk factors for rebleeding within 30 days after the endoscopic treatment of gastroduodenal DL. The early identification and treatment of these risk factors can help to prevent rebleeding. Combined endoscopic treatment should be the preferred choice, since this can effectively prevent rebleeding in gastroduodenal DL.
Data Availability
The clinical data were not made public to protect the privacy of the patients. However, the data can be made available upon reasonable request by email.
The patients provided informed consent for publication of the study.
Conflicts of Interest
All authors have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.
Authors' Contributions
Yongkang Lai collected the data, analyzed the relevant information, and wrote the manuscript. Jianfang Rong collected the data. Zhenhua Zhu designed the study. Wangdi Liao, Bimin Li, Yin Zhu, and Youxiang Chen clinically managed the patient. Xu Shu designed the study, approved the final submission, and clinically managed the patient. Yongkang Lai and Jianfang Rong are equal primary authors.


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Ammon Bundy Family And Brother: Mother Jane Marie Brown Bundy And Father Cliven Bundy
Ammon Bundy Family And Brother: Mother Jane Marie Brown Bundy And Father Cliven Bundy
**Ammon Bundy Family: Exploring His Background and Family Members**
Ammon Bundy, widely known as an American anti-government militant and activist, has been making headlines recently due to his arrest in Idaho on an outstanding warrant. As news about his arrest circulates on the internet, many people have become curious about his family background.
**Ammon Bundy's Parents: Jane Marie Brown Bundy and Cliven Bundy**
Ammon Bundy was born on September 1, 1975, in Bunkerville, Nevada, U.S. His mother, Jane Marie Brown Bundy, and his father, Cliven Bundy, played significant roles in shaping his life and beliefs. Jane Marie Brown Bundy was his father's first wife, while his father later married Carol Bundy.
Cliven Bundy, an American cattle rancher, gained widespread attention for his involvement in the 2014 Bundy standoff. This standoff stemmed from a dispute over unpaid grazing fees on federally owned land. Cliven Bundy's activism and defiance against the federal government greatly influenced Ammon Bundy's own anti-government views.
**Ammon Bundy's Siblings: Ryan Bundy and Others**
Ammon Bundy comes from a large family, and one of his well-known siblings is Ryan Bundy. Ryan Bundy, like his brother, is an American cattle rancher and an independent candidate in Nevada's 2018 Gubernatorial Election. Both Ammon and Ryan Bundy share their father's devotion to the Mormon faith.
Aside from Ryan, Ammon Bundy has several other siblings. His father, Cliven Bundy, has a total of 14 adult children. Some of Ammon's other siblings include Cliven Lance Bundy, Shiree Bundy, Mel Dahlen Bundy, and Dave Harold Bundy. From his father's second marriage to Carol Turner, Ammon has half-siblings named Katie Bundy, Molly Bundy, Hanna Bundy, Rachel Bundy, Bailey Bundy, Stetsey Bundy, and Arden Lair Bundy.
**Ammon Bundy's Family Life: His Wife and Children**
Ammon Bundy is a married man and is happily settled in his personal life. He is married to his loving wife, Lisa, and together they have three daughters and three sons. Family is important to Ammon Bundy, and he values the support and love he receives from his wife and children.
Ammon Bundy's family background sheds light on the individuals who have influenced his life and beliefs. With a father who played a prominent role in the 2014 Bundy standoff and a large family of siblings, Ammon Bundy's upbringing has undoubtedly contributed to his anti-government activism. As news about his arrest spreads, the public's curiosity about his family background continues to grow.
**1. Who are Ammon Bundy's parents?**
Ammon Bundy's parents are Jane Marie Brown Bundy and Cliven Bundy.
**2. How many siblings does Ammon Bundy have?**
Ammon Bundy has several siblings, including Ryan Bundy, Cliven Lance Bundy, Shiree Bundy, Mel Dahlen Bundy, and Dave Harold Bundy.
**3. What is Ammon Bundy's wife's name?**
Ammon Bundy's wife's name is Lisa.
**4. How many children does Ammon Bundy have?**
Ammon Bundy has three daughters and three sons.
**5. What are Ammon Bundy's religious beliefs?**
Ammon Bundy, along with his father and brother, follows the Mormon faith.
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text: This documentary is particulary relevant because of the hard economic situation in Iran right now, and the election of Hassan Rouhani to the Presidency. It contrasts the election of Mohammed Khatami, an enormously popular liberal cleric, with the life of a young single mother, liuving in Tehran with her mother and daighter. Lela Zand of the Fellwoship of Reconciliation will join the discussion after the film and talk about women's circumstances in Iran


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Ingrid McGhee
Ingrid is very much a trusted and go-to legal advisor. She is a key member of the employment, pensions and immigration team at Weightmans, providing both employment law and business immigration law support and advice to clients.
Ingrid is pragmatic, personable and solutions-focused. She has significant experience in the legal profession and truly focusses on what her clients' needs and objectives are. She is also very driven in building long standing relationships with clients and continues to work across many sectors.
Ingrid covers all areas of non-contentious employment matters and has particular experience in redundancies, restructuring/reorganisation, senior executive/management disputes and employment/TUPE support to corporate and real estate transactions. She has significant sector experience within retail and hospitality, construction, transport and logistics and owner managed business/SMEs.
She conducts her own advocacy and manages tribunal claims ranging from areas of unfair dismissal, protected disclosures, disability discrimination, redundancy and re-organisations, sex discrimination, TUPE and wasted costs.
Ingrid is also a key member of Weightmans' HR Rely team – offering price certainty and employment law solutions for our clients.
Ingrid also has previous experience in legal sales and growth strategy, training and supervision of employment colleagues and the development of cross-selling opportunities
Business immigration
Ingrid is experienced in both employment law and immigration law, allowing for seamless advice across both disciplines.
Her immigration expertise extends to assisting with compliance, policy drafting and implementation and strategy and the prevention of illegal working. She also has experience in providing global immigration advice and support to a variety of sectors including retail, transport, hospitality, education and construction.
Recent business immigration work highlights
- Advising higher education authority in respect of new points based system and assisting with policy implementation and strategy
- Advising FTSE 100 company in respect of compliance duties and immigration/discrimination considerations within recruitment practices
- Advising construction sector in respect of immigration rules and compliance
- Supporting transport and logistical businesses with compliance and advising in respect of immigration rules and the prevention of illegal working
- Advising further education authority in respect of sponsorship duties and application process
- Employment Lawyers Association (ELA)
- Immigration Law Practitioners Association (ILPA).
Related Services
Work and Insights
- COVID-19 and annual leave: Must we allow staff to 'carry-over' holiday?
- Age discrimination: Can we set a mandatory retirement age for our staff?
- Entry requirements for the UK after 1 October 2021
- Removing the resident labour market test — transitional teething problems — or here to stay?
- Securing settled status — how far does the employer's duty go?


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What is Gail Model to Estimate Breast Cancer Risk?
Breast cancer is among the most prevalent cancers that affect women, with more than 2 million fresh cases diagnosed each year worldwide. Assessing an individual's risk of developing breast cancer is an essential step in identifying those who may benefit from screening and preventive measures. The Gail Model is a widely used tool for estimating an individual's breast cancer risk based on their personal and family medical history. In this blog post, we'll explore the Gail Model in more detail, including an overview of the breast cancer risk factors that it takes into account.
Breast Cancer Risk Factors
There are numerous breast cancer risk factors that make a person more prone to developing breast cancer. These factors can be grouped into different categories, including demographic factors, personal medical history, and lifestyle factors.
Demographic Factors
Gender is one of the most significant demographic factors that can influence breast cancer risk. Women are far more prone to having breast cancer compared to men, and this risk increases with age. Age is another crucial demographic factor, with breast cancer risk increasing as women get older.
Personal Medical History
A medical history of breast cancer can increase a person's risk of developing breast cancer.
Family History
Women and females that have a family history of breast cancer are more prone to developing the disease themselves.
Reproductive History
Reproductive history is another breast cancer risk factor that can affect breast cancer risk. Brеast cancеr risk may bе higher іn women who have never given birth or who had their first child after turning 30. A woman's risk of developing brеast cancеr may also be іncreasеd by early mеnstrual cyclеs or a latеr mеnopausе.
Lifestyle Factors
Certain lifestyle factors can also increase breast cancer risk. These factors include obesity, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption. Overweight or obese women may be at a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Physical activity can help reduce breast cancer risk, as can limiting alcohol consumption.
What is the Gail Model?
The Gail Model is a tool for estimating a person's risk of developing breast cancer over the next five years. The model was developed by Dr. Mitchell Gail and his other companions at the National Cancer Institute and is named after him. The Gail Model considers several of the risk factors mentioned above, including age, age at menarche, age at first birth, family history, and previous breast biopsies.
The Gail Model calculates an individual's breast cancer risk based on their personal and family medical history. The model uses a set of coefficients to weigh the importance of each factor in predicting breast cancer risk. For example, the coefficients for age and family history are higher than the coefficients for age at first live birth and age at menarche.
To use the Gail Model, a healthcare provider will ask the patient some questions about their medical history. The answers to these questions are then entered into a computer program or online calculator, which uses the Gail Model to estimate the patient's breast cancer risk.
Limitations of the Gail Model
While the Gail Model is a widely used tool for breast cancer risk assessment, it does have some limitations. One of the most major drawbacks is that it only considers a limited number of risk factors. Other important factors, such as genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2), exposure to radiation, and certain environmental factors (e.g., exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals) are not included in the Gail Model.
Additionally, the Gail Model is designed to estimate a person's risk of getting breast cancer over the next five years. It is not intended to predict the risk of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), which are non-invasive forms of breast cancer.
Another limitation of the Gail Model is that it may not be accurate for all populations. The model was developed using data from primarily white women in the United States and may not be as accurate for women from other racial or ethnic groups or for women living in other countries.
Implications for Breast Cancer Risk Assessment and Prevention
Despite its limitations, the Gail Model is a useful tool for estimating breast cancer risk in certain populations. The model can help healthcare providers identify individuals who may benefit from more frequent breast cancer screening or from preventive measures, such as risk-reducing medications or prophylactic surgery.
The Gail Model is a widely used tool for estimating an individual's breast cancer risk based on their personal and family medical history. While the model has some limitations, it can help healthcare providers identify individuals who may benefit from more frequent breast cancer screening or from preventive measures. It's important to remember that the Gail Model shouldn't be the primary factor when making decisions about breast cancer screening or prevention.
Healthcare providers should also consider an individual's overall health, personal values and preferences, and other variables that could affect their risk of breast cancer. By combining regular breast cancer screening with healthy lifestyle choices, individuals can take steps to reduce their risk of developing this common and often deadly disease.
If you're doubtful about having breast cancer, consult your nearest breast surgeon immediately!


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Don't know where to start with event planning and styling? Valiant is the perfect furniture hire and event styling company to fill the blank canvas of your venue with beautiful furniture and decorative pieces.
Let's have a look at how Valiant event styling can make your conference, exhibition, launch, wedding, or function the most impressive and memorable event of the year.
Why is event styling important?
For large-scale events, event styling is important in attracting and pleasing a crowd in a memorable and exciting way. Event styling isn't just about party decorating. Aesthetics and decor are important in representing you or your brand or business to create impact, start conversations and boost the enjoyment of guests.
Must-Have Event Styling Elements
Stick To A Theme
Having a clear vision for your theme will give your event a cohesive style. Your theme covers the tone and goal of your event. Consider who is coming to your event and what they like.
"Some people look for a beautiful place. Others make a place beautiful."
– Hazrat Inayat Khan
We have all kinds of event furniture collections available for event styling to match your theme and impress guests. These collections include Mediterranea, Miami, Elements, Bloom, Brasserie, Casablanca, Coastal, Cresence, Loft, Opulence and Shibui.
Your events can also be influenced by seasonal trends and you can explore here.
The Power of Colour
Colour can be a big part of your theme. The use of complementary colours and proper accents infuses your event with personality and interest. Colour can also reflect your branding and messaging.
Lighting Matters
Creating a warm environment with floor lamps, light fixtures and table lamps will make your space glow. It will add the perfect accents and ambience to your event space. Remember that people will want to take photos, so it's important to provide "Instagrammable" lighting.
Flowers and Greenery
Nature will always bring life to a space. Floral arrangements, foliage and plants will give freshness and draw attention to certain areas. Choose colours and shapes for flowers, pots and vases that reflect your theme!
Textures and Layers
Layering your space with cushions, throws and rugs will add texture, unique focal points, elevate the ambience, and pull the overall look together. It gives personality and a point of difference to other events.
Having different textures is important to add interest, balance and stop the space from feeling flat.
Signage and Branding
For business events, it's important to reflect your brand and goals in your event styling. It can be a great marketing and social media tool for both before and during your event. Give your event a unique name that you can use for your event to create designs and signage.
Our creative team at Valiant can custom design and build signage, media walls, bar inserts and so much more. Have a look at our events gallery.
Seating Arrangements
Optimise your space! Depending on your event, not everything has to be tables and chairs. You can always introduce some couches, stools, cushions, pouffes and ottomans to create a cosy and welcoming feel to your space. Consider the number of attendees and make sure that everyone will be able to get comfortable.
Tablescapes and Centrepieces
Tablescapes and centrepieces will add personality and life to your event. Create a feature of interest in spaces that are usually empty. Make sure tablecloths, runners, place settings and centrepieces reflect your theme and have a sense of cohesiveness. Flowers, candles, vases and ornaments can create height, give ambience and add colour.
Unique Personal Touches
Accent your event space with colour or unique decorations to draw attention. You can do this with big and beautiful lighting fixtures, art or centre settings. Adding a focal point to your space will give height and grandeur to your event.
"People make events into stories. Stories give events meaning."
– Scarlett Thomas
Pulling it All Together With Valiant Event Styling
Take the stress out of coordinating a theme and finding event styling ideas. Work with our team at Valiant's Event Style services for effortless style planning that creates only the best memories for you and your guests.
From gala balls to launch events, to dinner parties and stage sets, we style a range of events and work with you from the beginning to bring your visions to life and create an unforgettable event.
We will help you with your design ideas and themes and make sure you're not missing anything. You can sit back by the time the event comes around!
Combine our event styling services and furniture hire to complete your event's design. See our events hire shop.
Transform your event with the expertise of Valiant event styling in Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane. Enquire with us today to receive a complimentary consultation.


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April 16, 2020 By Allie Griffin
New York City will offer 11,000 free hotel rooms to New Yorkers who live in overcrowded households in an effort to control the spread of COVID-19, Mayor Bill de Blasio said today.
The initiative, which begins next Wednesday, is targeted toward hard-hit communities where many impoverished families live in small overcrowded apartments.
"There are many people in multi-generational homes, particularly in lower income communities, that just don't have a lot of space," de Blasio said.
Overcrowded and densely-populated neighborhoods have seen a greater level of spread than other areas. Elmhurst and Corona, known for their density, have the highest number of COVID-19 cases in New York City, data shows.
Overcrowding is especially a concern for households that are multi-generational, the mayor said, as older relatives are more likely to die should they contract the virus.
The city's public hospital staff and community health providers will identify people who qualify for a free room beginning next Wednesday.
They will offer hotel rooms to people in need who have tested positive for the virus; high risk individuals; and those symptomatic or exposed individuals who can't socially distance in their homes.
The effort will help ease some of the economic disparities faced by communities in light of the pandemic, de Blasio said.
"We're seeing some real disparities in how this horrible disease is affecting our city," the mayor said.
"We're seeing some places hit particularly hard; we're seeing lower income communities hit particularly hard; we're seeing communities where people have not gotten enough healthcare historically hit hard; communities of color hit very hard; immigrant communities hit hard — so we're making additional adjustments to our approach."
Free hotel rooms will also be offered to hospital workers and the homeless, he added.
Healthcare workers — whether or not they exhibit symptoms — can get a free hotel room if they wish to isolate away from their families for fear of infecting them.
The city is also using hotel rooms to house homeless New Yorkers, as shelters can not cater to the same number of people as before given the need for social distancing.
"This is something that's going to help us protect people and slow the spread further," de Blasio said.
5 Comments
This is where they are putting all the homeless. Notice there are less of them wandering around in our midst.
This made great sense a month ago. Still does I suppose. We need to start creating hospitals where we can. Let's start Renovating spaces that are now dead zones.
Here are our test kits already?
Can we start following the paths of successful countries in our response?
It's time to do that to the letter.


text: The course is aimed at training the student to do critical review, critique, organize and present information in a systematic manner. Some topics will provide opportunity for students to present different positions on the same topic. Key players in the industry will be invited to participate in the presentations. Topics to be considered will include the following: Texture-structure relations and product innovation; Indigenous and Modern Food Packaging Systems; Engineering, Processing and Health; Product Optimization;Nanoscale Research; Innovations in food processing; Ultrasonic Analysis of Lipids; Product Traceability and competitiveness; Organic Foods; advances in Food Testing and Quality Control; Phase transitions in Food Systems.


text: I don't do much work for pay these days. My big steady projects have fallen by the wayside along with the magazines that supported them. That's fine with me but I do seem to like to work, at least the "being needed/thanked" part of it. That said, I feel jubilant right now, having just finished two projects with none on the horizon. Most of my peers are retired by now but I can't quite seem to throw in the towel yet I'm perfectly happy to be left alone.