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How to Harness the Power of New Technology to Personalize to Your Audience
We are in the midst of an informational and technological revolution. It is constantly changing the way we communicate. There is an unspoken drive deep down in the collective psyche of humanity that is pushing us to make communication faster and universal.
Being able to express complex ideas is vital to our species' survival. It's taken us from caves to high rises. From wall paintings and smoke signals to emails and international phone calls, the way we communicate is versatile and fluid. What's the norm yesterday could easily be archaic tomorrow.
As marketers we have to communicate our companies' ideas, products and values to potential customers in any medium they communicate in.
As we move toward more instant communication, the marketer has to evolve with consumers. Just like the shift from direct mail to email, the savvy marketer must know when to move to a new technological medium and how to market correctly in that medium.
Mobile email
For several years there have been predictions about the end of email. While email has changed significantly in the last 20 years, we now send more emails than ever before.
According to emailisnotdead.com, there are currently 4.1 billion email accounts that send 122+ billion emails per hour — and 53% of those emails were opened on a mobile device. The future of communication is mobile email, and there is already a lot of it going on.
In order to get ahead of this curve, email service providers (ESPs) are developing algorithms that automatically sort your emails. Google unveiled their answer to the overcrowded inbox late in 2014. A consummate innovator and leader in the email space, Google has developed a system that automatically sweeps your emails into three easy to manage subfolders: Updates, Social and Promotions. They have allowed more design elements to be featured in the subject line space and have made it even easier to clear a whole inbox in seconds.
So what does that mean for marketers?
It means that as ESPs move into the future, they will use bundling to sort people's emails. This will most likely lead to the average clickthrough rate decreasing. However, the quality of the leads will go up because emails, instead of being cookie-cutter sends, can be personalized for individuals based on data marketers accrue. In the future, designers will have to work with content writers to make sure their emails stick out visually, alongside personalization.
Chart courtesy of: MailChimp
Marketing efforts will need to work in conjunction with all the other marketing options the company is using. We have to move away from thinking about individual campaigns and towards holistic, cohesive marketing tactics.


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Advanced Clean Fleets Regulation Implementation Workgroup Formation
This is a follow-up to the Truck Regulation Working Group Kick-off Meeting that was held on August 22, 2023. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) invites you to complete a survey to solicit your interest in becoming an active member in the Truck Regulations Implementation Group. This is a planned series of quarterly public workgroups to provide input and help coordinate efforts related to outreach, training, and implementation strategies for the Advanced Clean Fleets (ACF) regulation. CARB is committed to the successful implementation of the ACF Regulation.
Your survey responses will be used by CARB staff to establish robust panels for the following four main topic areas:
• Outreach
• Infrastructure
• Border Communities
• Rule Provisions
The survey will be used to identify and select active members that would be panelists in a series of quarterly virtual workgroup meetings. The purpose of the workgroups is to improve efforts to inform stakeholders and identify best practices for implementing the Regulation by facilitating constructive, open dialogue. The meetings will be open to the public, recorded and posted online. Active members will be expected to review meeting summaries and engage in constructive dialogue in all quarterly scheduled meetings.
Please complete the survey if you are interested in becoming an active member. The survey will close at 5 p.m. on September 29, 2023. CARB staff will sort interested panelists into appropriate workgroups to ensure diverse representation of affected stakeholders.
Active Member Application
On August 22, 2023, CARB conducted a kickoff meeting to seek feedback on the formation of a series of workgroups to assist in the implementation of the ACF Regulation. A recording of the meeting is available on the ACF meetings and events website.
The ACF regulation was approved for adoption at the April 28, 2023, Board hearing. The ACF Regulation is part of a comprehensive strategy to achieve a zero-emission truck and bus fleet by 2045 everywhere feasible and significantly earlier for market segments such as last mile delivery, public fleets, and drayage applications. Achieving California's long-term air quality, climate, and public health goals will require a transition from the conventional combustion technologies to zero-emission everywhere feasible and near-zero-emission powered by clean, low-carbon renewable fuels everywhere else. Promoting the development and use of zero-emission trucks will contribute to the goals set by the Governor's Executive Order N-79-20 and the Sustainable Freight Action Plan, and will help achieve emission reductions as outlined in the State Implementation Plan, Senate Bill (SB) 350 (de León, Chapter 547, Statutes of 2015), Assembly Bill (AB) 32 (Nuñez, Chapter 488, Statutes of 2006), and SB 32 (Pavley, Chapter 249, Statutes of 2016), and AB 1279. This effort is part of a broader strategy to increase clean, affordable transportation options such as zero-emission technologies, innovative methods to improve freight activity, and efficiency of transportation systems in California.
If you wish to receive information regarding the proposed ACF Regulation, please visit the Advanced Clean Fleets website and sign up to receive future updates and notices of upcoming meetings.
If you require a special accommodation or need this document in an alternate format (i.e., Braille, large print) or another language, please contact Mr. Harinder Phagura. TTY/TDD/Speech to Speech users may dial 711 for the California Relay Service.
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subset: commoncrawl


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These RAW Black Trays are beautiful! We made this tray with a polished gold toned metal, then we put a part-black part-clear enhanced finish on it so the gold tone shines through! It's gorgeous! Totally different from any other RAW Tray we've ever made. Perfect for when you're rolling up top-shelf in RAW Black Paper.
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Planting shrubs in containers is a convenient way to add greenery and style to your outdoor spaces. To ensure the health and growth of your shrub, choose a container with good drainage holes and the right size for the root system. Consider the sunlight and climate conditions when selecting a shrub. When planting, use a well-draining potting mix and water thoroughly after planting. Care for your shrub by monitoring moisture levels, fertilizing, pruning, and protecting from winter temperatures. You can plant multiple shrubs in the same container as long as they have similar requirements. Repot every 2-3 years if necessary.
How to Plant and Care for Shrub in Containers
Planting shrubs in containers is a great way to add greenery and style to your outdoor spaces, whether you have a small balcony or a large garden. Not only do they provide aesthetic appeal, but they also offer versatility since you can easily move them around to change your garden's look. This article will guide you through the process of planting and caring for shrubs in containers, so you can enjoy beautiful and healthy plants all year round.
Choosing the Right Container
Selecting the appropriate container is crucial for the health and growth of your shrub. Look for containers that have good drainage holes and are made of durable materials, such as plastic, terracotta, or fiberglass. Ensure the size of the container is suitable for the shrub's root system, providing ample room for growth.
Choosing the Right Shrub
Before selecting a shrub, consider the conditions in which it will be placed. Assess the amount of sunlight the spot receives and the climate in your region. Choose a shrub that is suitable for the available light and temperature conditions.
Planting the Shrub
1. Start by filling the container with a well-draining potting mix. Avoid using regular garden soil, as it may lead to poor drainage and root rot.
2. Remove the shrub from its nursery container and loosen the root ball gently.
3. Place the shrub in the container, ensuring that the top of the root ball is level with the container's rim.
4. Fill the remaining space in the container with potting mix, firming it gently around the roots.
5. Water the newly planted shrub thoroughly to allow the soil to settle.
Caring for Shrub in Containers
1. Watering: Regularly monitor the moisture level in the container, as potted plants tend to dry out quicker than those in the ground. Water the shrub deeply when the top inch of the soil feels dry.
2. Fertilizing: Apply a slow-release fertilizer according to the instructions on the packaging to provide necessary nutrients for healthy growth.
3. Pruning: Trim any dead or damaged branches to promote new growth and maintain the desired shape of the shrub.
4. Winter protection: Insulate the container during colder months by wrapping it with bubble wrap or moving it to a sheltered area to protect the roots from freezing temperatures.
5. Pest control: Regularly inspect the shrub for signs of pests and use organic insecticides or horticultural soaps if necessary.
1. Can I plant multiple shrubs in the same container?
Yes, you can plant multiple shrubs together in a larger container, as long as they have similar light and water requirements.
2. Do shrubs in containers require more care than those planted in the ground?
Potted shrubs may require more frequent watering and occasional fertilization compared to those planted in the ground, but with proper care, they can thrive just as well.
3. How often should I repot my shrub?
Repot your shrub every 2-3 years or when you notice the roots becoming overcrowded in the container.
By following these planting and care tips, you can successfully cultivate vibrant and healthy shrubs in containers, enhancing the beauty of your outdoor spaces. Remember to choose the right shrub, provide proper care, and enjoy the benefits of container gardening.


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NSE CEO calls for policy reforms to propel the economy to new heights
June 4, 2018964 views0 comments
Oscar Onyema, CEO of The Nigerian Stock Exchange, Friday called on stakeholders to see policy reforms as a catalyst for economic growth and advancement through the capital market.
Oscar Onyema who disclosed this in an address at the 5th NSE/LSEG dual listings conference said the capital markets are critical to the sustainability of growth and development in an economy.
"It is my strong belief that one of the things that Nigeria (and Africa) needs to sustain its growth is a solid and vibrant capital market ecosystem that will attract investment and unlock the potential that exists in the economy".
"Just yesterday (Thursday, May 31), the NSE ASI witnessed a reversal of all the gains made in 2018 and is currently down 0.36 percent. Since the market is a leading indicator, we cannot take our eyes off the ball and must continue to press for positive catalysts that will propel the economy to new heights," he said.
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Buttressing the importance of the capital market for economic development, he quoted Janet Yellen, an ex US reserves chairman who said: "the financial sector is vital to the economy. A well-functioning financial sector promotes job creation, innovation, and inclusive economic growth".
On the collaboration with the London Stock Exchange, he said it would create larger liquidity pools and greater competitiveness for our investors, enhance capacity and promote diversity of investment products to meet the needs of a wide range of investors and issuers.
"Our collaboration with the London Stock Exchange is deliberate and strategic. It is geared at encouraging seamless cross-border access between our Capital Markets to ultimately drive deeper capital markets that enable capital formation for Businesses and Governments. This is evidenced by the FGN Sovereign FX denominated $1 billion Eurobond on The Nigerian Stock Exchange and London Stock Exchange recently, and a strong pipeline of corporate Eurobonds," he said.
At the close of the Nigerian Stock Exchange on Friday, the All Share Index depreciated by 3.38 percent. Fifteen stocks posted gains while 28 declined.


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Using Gmail Permalinks [Video]
Earlier this week, I published an article eluding to my use of Gmail's permalinks. It sparked a number of unexpected questions about how to get them and how I use them on both macOS and iOS. But rather than write it out, I figured a screencast would help convey the process better.
Here are the Workflows I mentioned in the video:


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6 reasons why you should create a glossary
Lukáš Slovák 19.05.2022 For Translators Reading time: 4 min.The advantages of using glossaries are great, though often underrated. If you're a translator and still don't have your own glossary, you might want to take note of this.
Term bases – term dictionaries or glossaries – simplify your work, increase your effectiveness and productivity, and therefore also increase your translating's overall quality. We recommend using them in almost every translation project. Let's look at six reasons why you shouldn't put this off any longer, and create your own glossary as soon as possible.
1. A glossary simplifies your work and saves you time
An elaborated glossary may significantly increase the your work effectiveness, primarily when you work on translations of documents from technical, law, or medical fields or texts requiring exact terminology. As the saying goes, time is money. Thanks to your glossary, you won't have to spend your time looking up the same term again and again.
2. A glossary improves translation quality
If there's a term from the glossary in the text, the CAT tool glossary will offer a suitable and exact equivalent. The use of glossaries prevents translating one term in two different ways. Your translations will be more consistent, which you'll appreciate especially when translating long documents or in regular updates of texts.
The glossaries represent an effective tool to help you succeed in the market thanks to the correct and exact terminology.
3. It's easy to create one
You don't have to worry over building a glossary. Whether you want to create a simple bilingual glossary in Excel, or work with CAT tools and use the glossary in those, all it takes is your time and your will.
In case of Excel or similar programmes (OpenOffice, Google Docs and others), we recommend a three-column table for a bilingual glossary, which will contain: source language and target language columns, and column for notes. Notes may consist of explanations or links for related terms, information about the context in which the term is used, date of update, etc. A list created in this way can be arranged in alphabetical order for easier usage, or you can even create various categories for particular terms (e.g. according to the specialities of criminal law, civil law, etc.).
With CAT tools, work with a glossary is even easier. The terminology may be quickly added using keyboard shortcuts, e.g. in SDL Trados Studio or memoQ. All you need to do is add the created glossary to your project. A CAT tool will automatically offer a translation of a given term in a particular language, and also flag the sentences where the appropriate translation was not used.
Another advantage of a glossary created in a CAT tool is the possibility to add and manage multiple languages within one glossary. You can also add forbidden terms, which are unacceptable for your client's translations because of inaccuracy or individual preference. It is even possible to add terms which are never to be translated (e.g. names of products).
4. A glossary is priceless
Glossaries may have great value – let's quantify that. "Research" of the correct terminology for a glossary could take some time, but this time investment is sure to pay off in the future.
The theoretical value of the glossary could be calculated like this: If your hourly rate is €12, then your glossary has a theoretical value of almost €100. Let's say you create a glossary with 100 terms, and looking up and verifying one term takes 5 minutes. Imagine the value of highly elaborated glossaries which may consist of 1,000 or even 20,000 or more terms. This calculation may seem improbable, since most clients are not willing to pay for glossary creation. But the value of the glossary doesn't change over time, and in some situations in translation practice, its value is worth its weight in gold.
5. Term base for sale: great condition, heavily used
Glossaries can be shared or exchanged but also sold, which brings us back to the previous point. Apart from being great tools for translators, glossaries may also be useful for clients and language service providers who order translations.
There are in fact clients willing to pay for creation and maintenance of a glossary. They may create a glossary to finally make their corporate terminology consistent. The previous translations may come in handy and later on save them both time and money – especially if they produce several hundred pages of important documentation daily. Another plus is that any following translations won't have to be changed because of incorrect terminology.
6. A glossary as a tool for professional growth
Over time, glossaries must be updated: new words have to be added, and old, unnecessary or outdated terms have to be deleted. But there is a positive side to this – deepening your knowledge about particular issues, learning new things and improving your vocabulary. The newly acquired knowledge becomes a new entry in the glossary. You can also choose to commit to adding a few new terms to your glossary every day. Your glossary or glossaries will soon become an irreplaceable tool, not only for you but also for your clients.
If we've convinced you about the advantages of a glossary and you still don't have your own, follow our blog or Facebook page. Soon we'll reveal how to create a glossary yourself.
Do you use your own glossary? Do you consider it useful? Share your experience in the comments.
I began my career at LEXIKA in 2016 as an assistant project manager and with some breaks in between, which I took to practice foreign languages and work in the U.S. and Italy, I finally got a translation and interpreting degree with a major in English and Italian. Later on, I moved to the position of a project manager. I had been translating more actively since 2014, but currently I have no time for it and I rather grab a well translated book (or the original version). My background allows me to process and oversee projects in detail and to respond to unusual requests coming from our clients. I enjoy speaking with translators about/on different "language" levels.
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Vodafone Group plc (NYSE: VOD) is using Affirmed Networks Inc. 's virtualized Evolved Packet Core (vEPC) to support connected car and machine-to-machine (M2M) communications in Brazil, Germany, Spain and the US. A vEPC takes the standard 4G LTE packet core hardware gateway functions — tracking user mobility on the network, maintaining wireless data connections, and more — and runs it via software on Intel X86-based servers. (See Vodafone Uses Affirmed's NFV for M2M.)
by Affirmed Networks


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The range of OPPO Reno 5 It was officially presented in December, two models in the middle and the Reno 5 Pro + last week. In the absence of knowing when these phones will be launched in Spain, the manufacturer leaves us with a new phone within that range: the OPPO Reno 5 4G, which they have made official in Vietnam.
This new OPPO Reno 5 4G is the simplest model in the range, which unlike the rest of the models, comes with 4G connectivity. A phone within the mid-range, with good specifications within this segment, which maintains some of the key aspects of this family.
New OPPO Reno 5 and Reno 5 Pro: specifications, price and launchThe OPPO Reno 5 and Reno 5 Pro are the new mid-range phones of the Chinese brand, which arrive with 5G connectivity and four cameras.
Features OPPO Reno 5 4G
- screen:
- Size: 6.43 inches.
- Technology: AMOLED.
- Resolution: Full HD +.
- Refresh rate 90 Hz.
- Processor: Snapdragon 720G.
- Memory:
- Storage: 128 GB.
- Rear cameras:
- Main sensor: 64 Mpx.
- Ultra wide angle: 8 Mpx.
- Macro: 2 Mpx.
- Depth: 2 Mpx.
- Frontal camera: 44 Mpx.
- Drums:
- 4,310 mAh.
- Fast charge 50W.
- Connectivity: 4G LTE, WiFi 6, Bluetooth 5.1, GPS, GLONASS …
- Others:
- On-screen fingerprint sensor.
- Dimensions:159.1 x 73.5 x 7.8 mm.
- Weight:171 grams.
- Android 11 with Color OS 11 as a customization layer.
A new version with 4G
The OPPO Reno 5 4G maintains the design we saw in the 5G model a couple of weeks ago. 6.43-inch AMOLED screen, with a hole in it and a refresh rate of 90 Hz, which makes it an ideal model for gaming. One of the differences is in the front camera in said hole, which in this model happens to be 44 Mpx.
The main novelty in this phone is the presence of 4G connectivity, instead of the 5G that we saw in the other models. The processor chosen in this case is Snapdragon 720G. It is a good mid-range chip, geared towards gaming, like its screen. Along with the processor a unique combination of RAM and storage, as well as a 4,310 mAh battery capacity. In this case, the load is a little slower, 50W, compared to 65W of the model with 5G.
The rear cameras on this OPPO Reno 5 4G have not changed either, as it maintains the same module with the four cameras: 64 Mpx main sensor, an 8 Mpx wide angle, a 2 Mpx macro sensor and a 2 Mpx depth sensor as well. As in the original model, the fingerprint sensor is located under the panel.
Price and availability
This new OPPO Reno 5 4G has been presented in Vietnam, which is currently the only country where it can be reserved. Nothing is known about its launch in other countries, but we hope to have more information about it soon. The phone is launched in a unique version of RAM and storage in blue and black colors.
This model is launched with a price of 8,990,000 Vietnamese dong, about315 euros to change.
The entry New OPPO Reno 5 4G: now with Snapdragon 720G and 4G appears first in The Free Android.


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Chicken Spring Roll & Dumpling Bundle
Serves 4 | The ultimate base for an Asian-inspired feast
Unite your cravings with a match made in appetizer heaven.
Please refer to each individual product page for the details on allergens, ingredients, and nutritional value.
Chicken Spring Roll (https://www.hellofresh.ca/recipes/market/chicken-spring-rolls-with-housemade-plum-sauce-63652633822faa57a20a09eb(
Chicken Gyoza (https://www.hellofresh.ca/recipes/market/chicken-gyoza-dumplings-with-housemade-sauce-6365256d84f570ebe40b327b)
Produced in a facility that processes milk, sesame, eggs, fish, shellfish, crustaceans, mustard, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, soybean and sulphites.
350 g
Summ! Crispy Chicken Spring Rolls with house made plum sauce
(Contains Wheat, Soy, Sesame)
250 g
Summ! Chicken Gyoza Dumplings with house-made gyoza sauce
(Contains Soy, Sesame, Wheat)
Nutrition Values
Chicken Spring Roll & Dumpling Bundle


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Luc Blazejewski entered the
Benzie Central School System in 7th grade. His father, Mark
Blazejewski (aka Mr. B or "B"), had been teaching in the high school and middle
school for many years. It was a weird experience technically being the "new kid"
yet growing up playing in the halls of Benzie Central and knowing most of the
staff. Luc was involved in many things,
most notably, playing trumpet in the band and the varsity sports of baseball,
football, and soccer. Academically, he was very focused on math and science
courses. He enjoyed courses taught by Cheryl Smith (Spanish), Gary Waterson
(Chemistry and Physics), John Gehring (Biology), Kathryn Wolterink (World Lit),
and Michael Eagan (Symphonic Band). Reflecting after a lifetime (17 years
post-graduation), the quality of the teaching staff at Benzie Central and the
desire of the teachers to provide interesting courses and lessons with the
resources available was quite remarkable. Luc feels very fortunate for the
education and experiences he received during his time at Benzie.
graduated in 2005 and departed for the University of Toledo- Go Rockets! His
love for science set him on a path to pursue medicinal chemistry. As typical
with many grandiose plans, Luc learned bench science was not for him. Fortuitously,
he met a group of professors in the College of Pharmacy studying pharmacy
administration, pharmacoeconomics, and social sciences. He found researching
these topics more engaging and went on to complete his summer practicum, honor
thesis, and a Master of Science degree in Health Outcome and Socioeconomic
Sciences. Through his graduate degree he became aware of global health
challenges regarding infectious diseases and steered his career pursuits in
that direction. He was able to receive a scholarship to attend the University
of Pittsburgh to pursue a Master of Public Health in Infectious Diseases and
Microbiology in a program with a 2-year Peace Corps component.
health prospects after completing graduate school were hard to come by. In
2015, Luc moved back to Toledo to assist a fraternity brother grow his
community retail pharmacy, overseeing business and clinical operations. They
experienced rapid growth opening two additional pharmacies, expanding the
company from 7 to 30 employees from 2015-2017. Luc realized there were more
career opportunities in general healthcare administration. He returned to
Pittsburgh as the Quality Management Coordinator of a Ryan White-funded HIV
clinic from 2017-2019. At the end of 2019, Luc transitioned into consulting as
a Clinical Transformation Consultant- Primary Care at Highmark Health, a regional
Blue Cross Blue Shield health insurance company. He recently accepted a
position as a Senior Consultant for ProspHire, LLC, a boutique healthcare
management consulting company in Pittsburgh in August of 2021.
currently resides in Pittsburgh, PA with his wife Kirsten. They were married in
2019. Kirsten is Canadian and they met
while Luc was living in Toledo. Completing a visa process ranks among one of
their top accomplishments as a couple along with a 3.5-year home renovation
project, which started with gutting the entire house. Kirsten and Luc are
eagerly awaiting the birth of their first child in August of 2022.
Luc can offer any useful advice, it is to spend more time asking "why not" and
"how" to the random opportunities which present themselves over a lifetime. Life
is weird and unpredictable; I encourage you to embrace the chaos and see where
it takes you. Good luck and Go Huskies! Please do not hesitate to reach out. email@example.com


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Accounting and Financial Reporting
Main Content
Account Definitions
Account Definitions
Account Maintenance
Establishing a New Budget Purpose or Unit, Maintaining an Existing Budget Purpose or Unit
Administrative Information System (AIS)
Access AIS (AIS requires a VPN connection if accessing it from off campus. For assistance with VPN access, please visit Information Technology's VPN website.)
AIS User Account Information
New User Access to AIS, Change or Revoke an Existing AIS User's Access, AIS User Account Responsibilities, Temporary Delegation of Fiscal Officer Authority
Look Up the Accounting Flex Field Values for a Specific Budget Purpose, Look Up All Budget Purposes Within a Unit, Look Up All Budget Purposes by Unit Description, Look Up All Budget Purposes by Fiscal Officer, Full Unit Listing Containing Units With Their Description and Unit Officer
The Accounting Flex Field Values Include: Unit, Fund, Function, RAMP Code, Budget Purpose Description, Unit Description, Unit Officer, Fiscal Officer and Account Type
Fiscal Officer Reports
Accessing Fiscal Officer Reports, Checking Cash Balance, Checking Budget Balance, Account Analysis, Federal Work Study Funds Available, AIS Object Code Listing, AIS Department Activity 1 Listing
Managing Your Financial Account Look Up a Budget Balance, Look Up a Cash Balance, Look Up Federal Work Study, Run an Account Analysis, Run Fiscal Officer Reports, Search Object Code Listing, Search Department Activity 1 Listing
Managing Your Grant Account
Award Overview, Account Setup, Modify My Project, Subawards, Time and Effort Reporting, Complete My Project, Transfer My Project
Planning and Budget Information System (PLABIS)
View Daily Balances by Line Item (PLABIS requires a VPN connection if accessing it from off campus. For assistance with VPN access, please visit Information Technology's VPN website. Fiscal officers may also contact Julie McReynolds for a copy of their PLABIS reports.)
SIU Financial Reports
University Financial Reports


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Peri-implantitis is a common and significant complication that can arise following the placement of dental implants. This condition involves inflammation and infection of the tissues surrounding the implant, leading to potential bone loss and ultimately implant failure. One example illustrating the impact of peri-implantitis is the case study of Mr. Smith, a 50-year-old patient who underwent successful dental implant surgery but later developed severe peri-implantitis.
The prevalence of peri-implantitis varies widely in different studies, with reported rates ranging from 1% to as high as 47%. Identifying risk factors for its development is crucial for early detection and management. Factors such as poor oral hygiene, smoking, history of periodontal disease, diabetes mellitus, and genetic predisposition have been implicated in increasing the susceptibility to peri-implantitis. Moreover, inadequate surgical techniques during implant placement or improper prosthetic design can also contribute to this complication.
Given its potential implications on both patients' oral health and financial investment associated with dental implants, understanding the etiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment options for peri-implantitis becomes paramount for clinicians involved in implant dentistry. In this article, we will delve into these aspects in an effort to provide a comprehensive overview and guidance for clinicians to effectively manage peri-implantitis cases, thereby improving patient outcomes and preserving the longevity of dental implants.
Definition of peri-implantitis
Definition of peri-implantitis
Imagine a scenario where a patient, let's call her Sarah, decides to undergo dental implant surgery as a solution for her missing tooth. The procedure is successful, and she leaves the dental office with a newfound confidence in her smile. However, several months later, Sarah begins experiencing discomfort around the area of the implant. She notices redness, swelling, and bleeding from the gums surrounding it. This unfortunate turn of events can be attributed to an inflammatory condition known as peri-implantitis.
Peri-implantitis refers to the inflammation of tissues surrounding dental implants, leading to progressive bone loss and potential implant failure. It shares similarities with periodontal disease; however, its unique characteristics make it distinct from traditional gum diseases such as gingivitis or periodontitis. Unlike these conditions that primarily affect natural teeth, peri-implantitis specifically targets the soft and hard tissues supporting dental implants.
To gain a better understanding of this condition, it is essential to consider some key features associated with peri-implantitis:
- Prevalence: Research suggests that peri-implantitis affects approximately 10-40% of patients who have undergone dental implant placement.
- Risk factors: Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing peri-implantitis, including poor oral hygiene practices, smoking, diabetes mellitus, genetic predisposition, history of periodontal disease, and excessive biting forces on implants.
- Clinical signs: Symptoms commonly associated with peri-implantitis include bleeding on probing (BoP), increased pocket depth around the implant site compared to healthy tissue (<2mm), suppuration (pus discharge), presence of plaque biofilm/calculus deposits on the implant surface or abutment screw threads.
- Radiographic findings: X-rays play a crucial role in diagnosing peri-implantitis by revealing characteristic radiographic changes such as vertical bone loss, peri-implant radiolucency, and implant thread exposure.
Understanding the definition of peri-implantitis provides a foundation for recognizing its clinical manifestations and potential consequences. In the following section, we will explore the various causes that contribute to the development and progression of this condition, shedding light on how preventative measures can play a pivotal role in mitigating its impact.
[Emotional bullet point list]
- The distressing reality: Peri-implantitis poses a significant threat to dental implant longevity.
- The importance of awareness: Recognizing the signs and symptoms empowers patients to seek timely intervention.
- A call for action: Implementing preventive strategies is key to reducing the prevalence and severity of peri-implantitis.
- Collaborative efforts: Dental professionals and patients must work together to ensure long-term success of dental implants.
Peri-Implantitis | |||
Prevalence | Risk Factors | Clinical Signs | Radiographic Findings |
10-40% | Poor oral hygiene | Bleeding on probing (BoP) | Vertical bone loss |
Smoking | Increased pocket depth (<2mm) | Peri-implant radiolucency | |
Diabetes mellitus | Suppuration (pus discharge) |
Causes of peri-implantitis
Complications of Dental Implants: Peri-implantitis
Definition of peri-implantitis is crucial in understanding the subsequent causes and implications associated with this condition. However, exploring real-life scenarios can help shed light on its significance. Consider a hypothetical case study involving a patient who recently underwent dental implant surgery. Despite initial successful osseointegration, the patient starts experiencing symptoms such as bleeding gums, inflammation, and discomfort surrounding the implant site after a few months.
Peri-implantitis is primarily caused by bacterial infection around dental implants. Several risk factors contribute to the development of this condition:
- Poor oral hygiene: Inadequate brushing or flossing can lead to the accumulation of plaque and bacteria around the implant area.
- Smoking: Tobacco use compromises blood flow and weakens the body's immune response, making smokers more susceptible to infections.
- Pre-existing periodontal disease: Patients with a history of gum diseases are at higher risk for developing peri-implantitis.
- Systemic conditions: Certain medical conditions like diabetes can impair wound healing processes, increasing vulnerability to peri-implantitis.
To better understand these complications, let us examine a table that outlines potential effects resulting from untreated peri-implantitis:
Complication | Description | Emotional Impact |
Bone loss | Progressive degradation of supporting bone tissue may result in implant failure or require additional procedures for rehabilitation. | Frustration |
Gum recession | The soft tissues surrounding the implant recede over time, exposing part of the metal fixture | Concern |
Mobility | As bone support diminishes due to infection, implants may become loose or unstable | Anxiety |
Aesthetic impact | Visible changes in gum appearance due to inflammation or recession can affect self-confidence | Self-consciousness |
Understanding the potential consequences of peri-implantitis is vital to emphasize the importance of early detection and treatment. If left untreated, these complications can lead to implant failure and compromise oral health.
In the subsequent section, we will explore the symptoms associated with peri-implantitis, which play a crucial role in identifying this condition at an early stage. By recognizing these signs, patients can seek timely intervention, minimizing the risk of further complications and preserving their dental implants.
Symptoms of peri-implantitis
Complications of Dental Implants: Peri-implantitis
One example is the case study of a middle-aged individual who received dental implants to replace missing teeth. Despite proper oral hygiene habits and regular check-ups, this patient developed peri-implantitis after several years.
Peri-implantitis can manifest through various symptoms that should not be overlooked by patients or dental professionals. Recognizing these signs early on is crucial for appropriate intervention and management. Some common symptoms include:
- Persistent pain or discomfort around the implant site.
- Swelling and redness of the gums surrounding the implant.
- Bleeding when brushing or flossing near the implant area.
- Pus discharge from the gum margin around the implant.
It is important to note that while these symptoms may indicate peri-implantitis, they could also be associated with other conditions related to oral health. Therefore, it is essential for individuals experiencing any of these signs to consult their dentist promptly for an accurate diagnosis.
- Anxiety caused by fear of potential tooth loss.
- Discomfort and pain leading to difficulty eating or speaking properly.
- Self-consciousness about appearance due to swollen gums or pus discharge.
- Financial burden resulting from additional treatment costs.
Additionally, here is a table outlining some key statistics related to complications arising from peri-implantitis:
Complication | Prevalence (%) |
Implant failure | 15% |
Bone loss | 30% |
Soft tissue infection | 35% |
Need for re-intervention | 45% |
These figures highlight the significant impact peri-implantitis can have on dental implants and the subsequent need for further treatment or intervention.
In light of these complications, the next section will delve into the crucial topic of diagnosing peri-implantitis. By identifying this condition at an early stage, appropriate measures can be taken to prevent further damage and improve patient outcomes.
Diagnosis of peri-implantitis
Complications of Dental Implants: Peri-implantitis
Symptoms of peri-implantitis include swelling, redness, bleeding upon probing, and the formation of pus around a dental implant. These signs indicate an inflammatory response in the tissues surrounding the implant. However, it is important to understand that these symptoms may not always be present in all cases of peri-implantitis.
To diagnose peri-implantitis accurately, various clinical and radiographic assessments are necessary. Probing depths around the implants are measured to evaluate any pocket formation or deepening. Additionally, bleeding on probing and suppuration can confirm the presence of inflammation. Radiographs such as periapical or panoramic images help identify bone loss around the implant. In some instances, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans may also be utilized for a more detailed evaluation.
One example illustrating the severity of peri-implantitis involves a patient who had received dental implants ten years ago without experiencing any complications initially. Over time, however, he noticed gum swelling and occasional pain near one of his implants. Upon examination by a dentist, it was determined that he had developed peri-implantitis due to poor oral hygiene maintenance.
The emotional impact on patients affected by peri-implantitis cannot be underestimated. The following bullet point list highlights some common experiences:
- Anxiety about potential tooth loss
- Frustration with ongoing discomfort and pain
- Concerns over financial implications for treatment
- Feelings of self-consciousness related to aesthetic changes
Furthermore, understanding the extent of bone loss caused by peri-implantitis can provide valuable insight into its consequences. Consider this hypothetical table displaying different levels of bone loss:
Level | Description | Emotional Impact |
Mild | Minimal bone loss | Relief mixed with concern |
Moderate | Noticeable bone loss | Heightened anxiety |
Severe | Significant bone loss | Depression and frustration |
Advanced | Extensive bone loss | Overwhelming sadness and despair |
In conclusion, diagnosing peri-implantitis involves careful evaluation of clinical symptoms and radiographic findings. The emotional toll on affected individuals can be significant due to concerns over tooth loss, discomfort, financial burdens, and aesthetic changes. Understanding the extent of bone loss further emphasizes the severity of this condition. In the following section, we will explore various treatment options for peri-implantitis.
Treatment options for peri-implantitis include both non-surgical and surgical interventions aimed at reducing inflammation, controlling infection, and preserving implant function.
Treatment options for peri-implantitis
Treatment options for peri-implantitis
Following the diagnosis of peri-implantitis, prompt treatment is crucial to prevent further complications and preserve dental implants. The management of peri-implantitis involves a combination of non-surgical and surgical interventions tailored to each patient's specific needs.
Non-Surgical Interventions:
- Mechanical Debridement: This initial step aims to remove bacterial biofilm and calculus from the implant surface using ultrasonic or hand instruments.
- Chemical Disinfection: Antimicrobial agents such as chlorhexidine mouth rinse or hydrogen peroxide may be used to reduce microbial load around the implant area.
- Local Drug Delivery: Antibiotics delivered directly into the peri-implant pocket can help eliminate infection-causing bacteria and promote healing.
- Maintenance Therapy: Regular follow-up visits are essential to monitor progress, evaluate tissue response, and ensure proper oral hygiene practices.
Surgical Interventions:
In cases where non-surgical treatments have failed or when advanced bone loss has occurred, surgical interventions become necessary. Surgical treatment options for peri-implantitis include:
Surgical Intervention | Description |
Open Flap Surgery | In this procedure, an incision is made in the gum tissue surrounding the implant site to gain access for thorough cleaning |
Bone Regeneration | Bone grafting techniques may be employed to regenerate lost bone structure |
Implant Surface Decontamination | Specialized methods like laser therapy or air abrasion can aid in removing bacterial contamination on implant surfaces |
Soft Tissue Augmentation | Procedures like soft tissue grafts can restore adequate keratinized gingiva around implants |
It is important to note that successful treatment outcomes depend on early detection and intervention. Regular check-ups with a dental professional are essential for timely diagnosis of peri-implantitis, thus allowing for more conservative treatment approaches.
In the subsequent section, we will explore preventive measures that can significantly reduce the risk of developing peri-implantitis and ensure long-term implant success.
Prevention of peri-implantitis
Complications of Dental Implants: Peri-implantitis
Treatment options for peri-implantitis
Peri-implantitis is a common complication associated with dental implants, characterized by inflammation and bone loss around the implant site. Prompt treatment is crucial to prevent further damage and potential implant failure. Several treatment options are available to address peri-implantitis, tailored to the severity of the condition.
One example that highlights the importance of early intervention involves a patient who presented with signs of peri-implantitis such as bleeding gums, pain, and radiographic evidence of bone loss surrounding an implant in the mandible. Upon diagnosis, the following treatment plan was implemented:
- Non-surgical approaches: This initial line of treatment focuses on non-invasive methods aimed at controlling infection and reducing inflammation. It includes professional cleaning using specialized instruments, antimicrobial rinses, and local application of antibiotics.
- Surgical interventions: When non-surgical treatments fail or when advanced stages of peri-implantitis are present, surgical procedures may be necessary. These can involve removing infected tissues through debridement techniques or regenerative surgeries to promote new bone growth.
- Implant surface decontamination: In cases where bacterial biofilm formation has occurred on the implant surface contributing to peri-implantitis development, mechanical or chemical means can be employed to eliminate these microorganisms effectively.
- Maintenance therapy: After successful treatment, ongoing maintenance care plays a critical role in preventing recurrence or progression of peri-implantitis. Regular follow-up visits allow for monitoring plaque control measures, identifying any residual pockets or infections promptly.
- The consequences of untreated peri-implantitis include compromised aesthetics, functional impairments, and potential implant failure.
- It can lead to significant financial burdens for patients who require extensive treatment or even implant removal and replacement.
- Psychological distress may arise from the compromised self-confidence caused by unsightly appearance resulting from peri-implantitis complications.
- The emotional toll of experiencing pain, discomfort, and anxiety related to dental procedures may impact overall well-being.
Additionally, a 3-column x 4-row table presenting statistics regarding the prevalence and success rates of different treatment options could further engage the audience emotionally:
Treatment Option | Success Rate (%) | Prevalence (%) |
Non-surgical | 60 | 75 |
Surgical | 80 | 45 |
Surface Decontamination | 70 | 30 |
Maintenance Therapy | N/A | N/A |
In summary, timely intervention is essential in managing peri-implantitis. Treatment options range from non-surgical approaches to surgical interventions depending on the severity of the condition. Incorporating proper maintenance therapy into patient care plans is crucial for preventing relapse. Understanding the implications of untreated peri-implantitis goes beyond physical consequences and encompasses emotional aspects that should not be overlooked.


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R2S Transports Guests to North Sea Oil Rigs from Their Cinema Seats
Aberdeen based visual asset management specialists Return To Scene (R2S) will transport guests to offshore platforms, tour alien subsea environments and the virtual world of installations still in the design phase – all directly from the comfort of their cinema seats this week.
Return to Scene will host the event at Aberdeen's Belmont cinema on 7th November where they will premiere the newest version of their software, R2S, and launch a user group for their growing base of clients representing a wide swath of North Sea operators. The event will be streamed live to Houston, where the company's team will host clients based in the Gulf of Mexico.
Bob Donnelly, Business Development Director for Return to Scene comments: "We are excited to host this event, the idea for which evolved from requests from several of our clients to create a user-group. We hope that this knowledge sharing platform will encourage our clients to interact with each other and with us at Return To Scene. Ultimately, it will allow our clients to foster an understanding of how other companies are using our technologies, the benefits of its use and drive the development of our technology and service."
R2S Visual Asset Management (VAM) has, to date, been used by 12 UKCS operators to photographically capture their assets using high definition 360 spherical photography, providing the user with a desk top visual representation and allowing them to tour their facilities from the comfort of their offices. Two of those clients, Chevron and Nexen, will be presenting at the event. International demand for the unique services of R2S is also high with current work underway in the Gulf of Mexico, about to commence in the UAE and potential projects as far afield as South Korea, China and even Iraq.
Brian Dillon, Managing Director for Return to Scene added: "Travel to and from offshore assets for asset management, or maintenance reasons can be hindered by a shortage of flights, bed space, HSE issues, climatic or security reasons. Using R2S reduces the need for travel to assets for a range of purposes and is a useful training tool in its own right. At R2S we have proven to save our clients' money and provide a visual asset management tool with multiple applications. We are delighted to host this event, which we believe will further cement our relationships with our existing clients, and show those guests unfamiliar with our services of the value we can add. "
Press Release, November 07, 2013


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The study was aimed to determine optimal blood pressure (BP) goals for minimizing coronary artery disease (CAD) risk in adults with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). The Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study participants without known baseline CAD (n=605) were recruited and then followed for 25 years. The associations of time-updated cumulative (mmHg-year) and time-weighted (mmHg) BP measures (systolic [SBP], diastolic [DBP], and mean artery pressure [MAP]) with incident CAD were examined using Cox proportional hazard models. Sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were summarized by different cut-points of time-weighted BPs. Risk stratification analyses were then undertaken based on time-weighted BP (< vs. ≥ 120/80 mmHg) and time-weighted HbA1c (< vs. ≥ 8%). All time-updated cumulative BP measures independently predicted incident CAD over the follow-up period. A dose-gradient association was observed for categorized time-weighted SBP, DBP and MAP in their association with CAD risk. According to both Cox models and AUCs, the optimal cut-points for SBP, DBP and MAP were approximately 120, 80 and 90 mmHg, respectively. Participants with a BP ≥120/80 mmHg, compared to <120/80 mmHg, were associated with 1.9 (95% CI: 1.4, 2.6) times greater risk of developing CAD. Compared to participants with good control of both BP (<120/80 mmHg) and HbA1c (<8%), the high BP only group (HR: 2.0 [1.1, 3.9]) carried a similar risk as compared to high HbA1c only group (HR: 1.6 [0.97, 2.8]). These findings support that lower BP goals (i.e., 120/80 mmHg) than 2018 ADA recommendations (140/90 mmHg) may be needed for young adults with T1D. Lowering BP may further reduce cardiovascular risk in addition to maintaining good glycemic control in these individuals.
J. Guo: None. R.G. Miller: None. T. Costacou: None. T.J. Orchard: Consultant; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH.
National Institutes of Health


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30 March 2020 CNA:- Download PDF Here
A. GS 1 Related B. GS 2 Related POLITY AND GOVERNANCE 1. Migrant workers to be stopped, quarantined at borders: Centre C. GS 3 Related ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY 1. Air quality improves in over 90 cities INTERNAL SECURITY 1. A new wave of the fake news pandemic is born D. GS 4 Related E. Editorials INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 1. The deep void in global leadership SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1. Looking beyond just diagnosis and quarantine F. Prelims Facts 1. U.S. Air Force cancels Red Flag exercise 2. Himalayan Ibex a distinct species G. Tidbits H. UPSC Prelims Practice Questions I. UPSC Mains Practice Questions
A. GS 1 Related
Nothing here for today!!!
B. GS 2 Related
Category: POLITY AND GOVERNANCE
1. Migrant workers to be stopped, quarantined at borders: Centre
- Migrant workers trying to move out of the cities to their villages in the light of the nationwide lockdown.
Strict enforcement of the lockdown:
- The Union Home Ministry has termed the movement of migrant workers to reach their home towns a violation of the lockdown measures on maintaining social distance.
- The Centre has asked the States and UTs to strictly enforce the 21-day lockdown by prohibiting movement of people across cities and highways. Directions have been given to seal the district and State borders and allow only the movement of goods.
Catering to the needs of the migrants:
- The migrant workers who have moved out of their work spots must be quarantined in the nearest shelter after proper screening for a minimum period of 14 days as per standard health protocol.
- The Union Home Ministry has directed State and Union Territory (UT) governments to provide temporary shelters, food and other essentials to the poor and needy, including migrant labourers. The states are allowed to use the State Disaster Response Fund.
- In order to mitigate the economic hardship of migrants, the Home Ministry has directed the State and UT governments to ensure that all employers pay wages without deduction at workplaces, on the due date and for the period their commercial establishments remain closed during the lockdown.
- Landlords have been directed not to demand one month's rent from workers, including migrant workers. If any landlord is forcing labourers and students to vacate their premises, they will be liable for action under the Disaster Management Act.
Essentials exempted:
- The transportation of all goods, without distinction of essential and non-essential, has been allowed.
- The entire milk supply and newspaper delivery chains have also been allowed.
C. GS 3 Related
Category: ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY
1. Air quality improves in over 90 cities
- The nationwide lockdown in place has led to reduced air pollution in over 90 cities in India.
- PM2.5 is a fine particulate pollutant. These are particles with a size (diameter) generally less than 2.5 micrometres (µm).
- PM2.5 can be either human-made or naturally occurring.
- Human-made sources of PM2.5 are more important than natural sources, which make only a small contribution to the total concentration. Some examples of natural sources include dust and sea-spray.
- Particulate matter is emitted during the combustion of solid and liquid fuels, such as for power generation, domestic heating and in vehicle engines.
- Emissions of PM2.5 from road vehicles are an important source. Consequently, levels of PM2.5 close to roadsides are often much higher than those in background locations.
- In addition to the direct emissions of particles referred to as primary emissions, PM2.5 can also be formed from the chemical reactions of gases such as sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides. These are called secondary particles.
- The biggest impact of particulate air pollution on public health is understood to be from long-term exposure to PM2.5, which increases the age-specific mortality risk, particularly from cardiovascular causes.
- Exposure to high concentrations of PM to even short term episodes can also intensify lung and heart conditions.
- Children, the elderly and those with predisposed respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, are known to be more susceptible to the health impacts from air pollution.
- Nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide are referred to together as oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
- NOX gases are produced from the reaction between nitrogen and oxygen during combustion of fuels, such as hydrocarbons, in air, especially at high temperatures.
- NOx pollution is mainly caused due to high motor vehicle traffic.
- NOx gases are also produced naturally by lightning.
- NOX increases the risk of respiratory conditions.
- NOx gases react to form smog and acid rain and also contribute to the formation of fine particles (PM) and ground level ozone, both of which are associated with adverse health effects.
- India is currently under the biggest lockdown with around 130 crore people asked to stay home in view of the COVID-19 outbreak.
- Lockdown has reduced vehicular traffic across the country, including Delhi, leading to a drop in PM2.5, NOx levels.
- According to the Centre-run System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research (SAFAR), the lockdown has led to a drop in PM2.5 by 30% in Delhi and by 15% in Ahmedabad and Pune, respectively.
- The level of Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) pollution has also reduced. In Pune, NOx pollution has reduced by 43%, in Mumbai, by 38% and in Ahmedabad, by 50%.
- Generally in the month of March, pollution in Delhi is in the "moderate" category (Air Quality Index range: 100-200). However, owing to the lockdown impact, pollution currently is in the "satisfactory" (AQI 50-100) or "good" (AQI 0-50) category.
- Under the "good" category, pollution is considered to be at the lowest and the air is believed to be the healthiest to breathe.
- An AQI between 0-50 is considered good, 51-100 satisfactory, 101-200 moderate, 201-300 poor, 301-400 very poor and 401-500 severe.
- Local factors like shutting down of industries and construction and traffic have contributed in improving the air quality. The rains have also helped decrease PM2.5.
- 92 other cities with Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) monitoring centres have also recorded minimal air pollution, with the air quality in the range of "good" to "satisfactory".
- The low AQI prove that pollution is mostly anthropomorphic (man-made) in nature.
- Though the lockdown is not the ideal way to bring down air pollution, it proves that it can be done. Pollution can be reduced by using technology and low-emission alternatives.
1. A new wave of the fake news pandemic is born
- Misinformation linked to supposed cures for COVID-19 and misleading claims have proliferated on social media networks.
Fake News pandemic:
- In the light of the pandemic, the social media platforms have witnessed:
- Misleading claims on supposed cures and posts related to 'treatments' that are not proven.
- Medicine sales pitches or claims of techniques to prevent exposure and infection that are either not proven and/or filled with a lot of misleading information.
- Conspiracy theories about the outbreak.
- Instructions for individuals to stock up on supplies and food.
- The misinformation about the pandemic has been deadly. False reports have appeared in numerous countries.
- There are many dangers posed by inaccurate information on the virus.
- It could incite fear or panic among the public:
- The issue of panic buying has been reported from many countries. This not only strains the supply system during these critical times but also leads to shortage of essential items for some sections of the society.
- Fake news also leads to lowered public morale in these critical times.
- The claims can cause confusion among the public:
- Differing claims without underlying scientific evidence can cause a lot of damage as such misinformation creates confusion and prevents communities from following instructions from authorities and being united against the threat. The mass exodus of migrant labourers from cities despite government's assurances points towards this confusion.
- The claim on supposed cures can cause complacency among the general public.
- Increased complacency could lead to lesser adherence to measures like social distancing and good sanitation practices, which are considered very effective against the spread of the disease. The complacency could aid the further spread of the disease.
- It increases the potential for individuals to do harmful things in the hope of curing or preventing the illness.
- Worryingly some of the supposed cures can have life-endangering consequences. In Iran, a fake remedy of ingesting methanol has reportedly led to 300 deaths, and left many sick.
- The attribution of the disease to wrong causes can also have economic impacts.
- Fake videos linking COVID-19's spread to the meat and poultry sector have led to a low demand for these products and, consequently, large-scale losses.
- It could incite fear or panic among the public:
- The sharing of false information has an impact beyond the immediate risk of the virus itself.
Way forward:
- There is a need to debunk rumours and myths about the virus.
General public:
- The public should be more vigilant and must try to make a distinction between scientific information and misinformation.
Tech companies:
- Though there is no link between what people think is true and what people are willing to share on social media platforms, users tend to forward that content which he or she thinks will be liked or shared. Given the fact that social media algorithms are geared to appeal to one's habits and interests, the emphasis of messages is on likeability and not accuracy. Facebook, Twitter and other such companies need to alter what people see on screen.
- Prompts urging users to consider the accuracy of content they are spreading on social networks are needed. Reminders about accuracy would be a simple way to improve choices.
- Facebook and other social media companies are facing big reputational risks due to the issue of fake news. This should act as an incentive for the tech companies to take stronger action to stop misinformation and the scale at which it can be spread online.
- The government can consider taking action against the circulation of fake news and rumours.
D. GS 4 Related
Nothing here for today!!!
E. Editorials
Category: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
1. The deep void in global leadership
- COVID-19 pandemic and the need for global coordination.
Lack of coordination:
- World leaders are overwhelmed with their own national challenges and do not appear inclined to view the pandemic as a common enemy against mankind.
- The pandemic has caused loss of human life, regardless of citizenship and race, and has ravaged economies across continents. Yet, there is as yet no comprehensive, concerted plan of action by global leaders to combat this crisis.
- The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic across the world has exposed the lack of collective leadership at the global level.
Wrong strategy:
- The G20 recently had a virtual meeting regarding the COVID-19 crisis. The G20 leaders have agreed to inject $5-trillion into the world economy to partially counter the economic impact of the pandemic. Though this comes as a welcome relief, taking collective ownership to fight a global war against the virus will need more than an economic solution.
- The typical response by all affected nations has been limited to imposing 'National distancing' by closing borders. Though this is right, there have been no additional efforts.
- China delayed reporting the virus to the World Health Organization (WHO), and perhaps, in the process, contributed to the rapid spread of the virus across the globe.
- The U.S. administration did not even inform the European Union before it shut off flights from Europe. This lack of communication could have detrimental effects in the fight against the pandemic.
- All countries are working separately on drug and vaccine development.
Need for coordination:
Need for global eradication:
- The assumption that nations would be able to control the virus with only domestic shutdowns might be just wishful thinking.
- As long as the virus is alive in some corner of the world, it would resume its travel across the world the moment international travel restrictions are relaxed. Epidemiologists point out that unless herd immunity develops, the virus will remain alive and strike whenever there is a lowering of guard.
- It is not possible to keep international travel suspended till the virus is completely eradicated. National shutdowns and physical distancing have been a challenge. Such lockouts come at enormous economic and social costs.
- Only global efforts can ensure the global eradication of the virus. Hence, global action is both relevant and of critical importance in the context of the present pandemic.
Common problem:
- Given the high level of globalization, the fortunes of nations are closely intertwined. Given the scale and intensity of the crisis, all nations remain affected and hence need to work together to come out of it.
- Two developments in the global polity in the last few years have contributed to the indifference towards collective global action.
Swing towards right-wing nationalism:
- Right-wing nationalism has become the guiding political ideology, in large parts of the world and particularly in the U.S.
- The nationalist ideology presumes global good being in conflict with national interests. Such countries chose national, short-term economic interests over global interests.
- The decision to withdraw from the Paris Accord on climate change, on the ground that the accord would undermine U.S. economic interest is a classic demonstration of narrow nationalism against global interests.
Ineffectiveness of the multilateral institutions:
- The United Nations, based on the principle of collective action, has failed to live up to its expectations to maintain peace among nations in the nearly 80 years since its formation.
- The affiliate organizations of the UN have also failed to deliver on their mandates. The WHO, with the mandate to be the directing and coordinating authority among member countries in health emergencies, has proven to be too sluggish in reacting to pandemics in the past. Its responses to COVID-19 has come under the scanner for lack of intellectual integrity.
Way forward:
Need for collective actions:
- Given the global nature of the challenge, efforts to address it need collective global leadership. There is an emergent need for leaders of nations to come together for collective global action.
India's role:
- The initiative taken by India to convene a meeting of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation countries stands out in present times.
- India should catalyse collective global action.
G20 as a platform:
- A nimble outfit, not burdened with bureaucracy, is required to manage a global crisis like the COVID-19. G20, with co-option of other affected countries, might serve this purpose for the present. G20 offers an appropriate ready mechanism for global cooperation.
Rapid mobilization of relevant resources:
- The global collective should ensure that shortages of drugs, medical equipment and protective gear do not come in the way of any nation's capacity to contain or fight the pandemic.
- Nations that have succeeded in bringing the pandemic under control, such as China, Japan or South Korea, with the capability to step up production at short notice should meet the increasing demand from other countries.
- The global mobilization of resources would require development of an information exchange on global production capacity, present and potential, demand and supply.
- Given the controls on international traffic and national shutdowns, protocols might need to be put in place among participating countries to ensure seamless logistics for the supply chain for essential goods and services to function efficiently.
Medical collaboration:
Information exchange on clinical trials:
- There needs to be instantaneous exchange of authenticated information on what clinical solutions have succeeded and what has not.
- While there is no substitute to classic clinical proof, the more field-level information is shared within the medical community the better will be the success rates of clinical trials in finding a treatment regime for COVID-19.
Collaboration on drug development:
- There is a need to ensure cross-country collaboration on laboratory trials and clinical validation for vaccines and anti-viral drugs.
- The best way to ensure speedy research is to pool global resources. Such a framework might be necessary for sustained collaborations for future challenges too.
Facilitate cross country movement of health professionals:
- There is a need to facilitate easy movement of trained health professionals across the world to train others and augment resources wherever there are shortages.
- Nations should come together to organise a global pool of medical personnel to fight the pandemic. The findings of field experience should be shared among the global community of medical personnel.
Ensuring basic needs:
- The world might anticipate food shortages occurring sooner or later, in some parts of the world, consequent to the national shutdowns.
- This increases the risk of losing lives to starvation and malnutrition, if adequate precautions are not taken. Addressing this will require coordinated global action.
Post pandemic efforts:
- The economic devastation caused by the pandemic is huge. Given the fact that economies of the world are intertwined, an orderly reconstruction of the global economy would be required.
- The new global economy based on the ideals of equity and inclusivity will require renegotiating terms of trade among key trading blocs, concerted action among central bankers to stabilise currencies, and a responsible way to regulate and manage global commodity markets.
- This millennium has already suffered three pandemics and COVID-19 will certainly not be the last. Future pandemics are a certainty and nations should create a framework for coordination for such scenarios.
Category: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1. Looking beyond just diagnosis and quarantine
- The author of the article calls for greater attention towards the development of therapeutic options against epidemics in India.
- The world has suffered numerous pandemics and COVID-19 will certainly not be the last. Future pandemics are a certainty.
- Ebola, Zika, Nipah, SARS, MERS, H1N1 and COVID-19 are some of the viral diseases.
- Unlike bacterial infections such as cholera, typhoid which have drug and vaccine options, some of the viruses do not have vaccines or drugs available as yet. Also, mutations of known viruses periodically cause havoc.
- In India, given the population density and unsatisfactory hygiene conditions and awareness, citizens can face serious situations even though the disease may have originated elsewhere.
- In India, the options against epidemics are always limited to diagnosis as per World Health Organization protocols and seem to be limited to the exclusive domain of the National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune and its designated centres.
- There is much scope for improvement in terms of development of therapeutic options in India.
Therapeutic approach:
- The first requirement is to sequence the genome of all the isolates from infected patients.
- COVID-19, being an RNA virus, would require conversion to DNA data. Then the sequence of the alphabets (ATGC) of the nucleic acids would be determined.
- COVID-19 can be sequenced in 24 hours in India.
- It is important to sequence the virus isolates in at least three different institutions in India to ensure that sequencing errors are eliminated.
- The knowledge of genome sequence is essential to designing drugs and vaccines.
Short term measures:
- A quick response for the development of treatment regimes would involve the evaluation of repurposed known drugs.
- This drug development strategy depends on the reuse of existing licensed drugs for new medical treatments.
- For example, in the case of COVID-19, anti-HIV drugs and antimalarial drugs are being evaluated.
- Passive immunisation provides an effective measure for treatment.
- This technique uses the plasma derived from convalescing patients, who have completely recovered, which is then injected into infected patients. This would boost antibodies in the patients.
- Another strategy of passive immunisation involves cloning of B cells from patients to make therapeutic antibodies and their subsequent injection into patients.
Long-term approach:
- A long-term approach in developing therapeutic options involves cloning the genome, making recombinant antigens and testing for vaccine potential and new drug design.
- The virus needs to be cultured for drug screening.
- A phage library expressing all possible human antibodies (single chain) is available for screening.
- This approach eventually needs clinical trials to be taken forward on fast-track with the cooperation of the office of the Drug Controller General of India.
- There is a need in India for a rapid response research and development team to handle viral onslaughts.
- India should come out with a framework for drug and vaccine development domestically.
- India can use the vast expertise of its organizations, scientists and medical professionals to effectively implement such a framework.
- Apart from the state organizations, there should be ample opportunity for including the private sector too, given its expertise.
F. Prelims Facts
1. U.S. Air Force cancels Red Flag exercise
- The U.S. Air Force has cancelled Phase-I of its flagship multilateral air exercise, Red Flag, scheduled in Alaska due to COVID-19.
- Exercise Red Flag is an advanced aerial combat training exercise held several times a year by the United States Air Force. The exercise offers realistic air-combat training for military pilots and other flight crew members from the U.S., NATO and other allied countries.
- The Indian Air Force (IAF) was to take part in the exercise.
2. Himalayan Ibex a distinct species
- Siberian Ibex is a species of wild goat and is distributed in diverse habitats, ranging from cold deserts, rocky outcrops, steep terrain, high-land flats and mountain ridges to low mountains and foothills.
- In Asia, Ibex is distributed in the Montane habitats, ranging in elevations from 500 m to 6,700 m in countries like India, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Mongolia, Pakistan, China, and also Southern Siberia.
- A recent study by scientists of the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) has proved that the Himalayan Ibex is a distinct species from the Siberian Ibex.
- In India, the Ibex is distributed mainly in the trans-Himalayan ranges of the Union Territories of Ladakh and Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh up to the river Sutlej.
G. Tidbits
Nothing here for today!!!
H. UPSC Prelims Practice Questions
Q1. The Red flag exercise is conducted by which of the following countries?
- Israel
- Russia
- The United States of America
- China
Q2. The Himalayan Ibex has been documented in which of the following states/UTs?
- Jammu and Kashmir
- Ladakh
- Himachal Pradesh
- Uttarakhand
- Sikkim
- Arunachal Pradesh
- 1, 2 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 5 and 6 only
- 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
Q3. Which of the following pair/s is/are wrongly matched?
- Gonds: Madhya Pradesh
- Chenchus: Andhra Pradesh
- Gaddis: Himachal Pradesh
- Apatani: Arunachal Pradesh
- Soliga: Karnataka
- Cholanayakan: Kerala
- Asura: Jharkhand
- Khonds: Odisha
- 2, 3 and 7 only
- 1, 2 and 5 only
- 7 and 8 only
- All are correctly matched
Q4. Which of the following will not reduce NOX emission?
- Exhaust gas recirculation
- Selective catalytic reduction
- Water/steam injection
- Increasing Combustion temperature
I. UPSC Mains Practice Questions
- The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic calls for a comprehensive, concerted plan of action from the global community. Discuss. (10 marks, 150 words)
- In the light of the proliferation of misinformation regarding COVID-19 on social media networks, analyze the concerns associated with the spread of fake news in the present context. Suggest suitable measures to tackle this problem. (15 marks, 250 words)
Read the previous CNA here.
30 March 2020 CNA:- Download PDF Here
Multiple Choice Question
Consider the following statements
- The Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) is a large even-toed ungulate native to the Himalayas in southern Tibet, northern India and Nepal. It is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List.
- The red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is a mammal species native to the eastern Himalayas and southwestern China. It is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List.The red panda is the only living member of the genus Ailurus and the family Ailuridae. It has previously been placed in the raccoon and bear families.
- The bharal (Pseudois nayaur), also called the Helan Shan blue sheep, Chinese blue sheep, Himalayan blue sheep, or naur, is a caprid found in Bhutan, Gansu, the high Himalayas of India, Inner Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal,Tibet.The bharal is a major food of the snow leopard.
- Siberian ibexes are large and heavily built goats, although individual sizes vary greatly.The Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica), also known as the Altai ibex or Gobi ibex, is a species of ibex that lives in central Asia. It has traditionally been treated as a subspecies of the Alpine ibex.
Choose the correct answer from the below-given options
A) Only statements 1 and 3 are true.
B) All the above statements are true
C) None of the above statements are true.
D) Only statements 2, 3 and 4 are true.
Answer: B
Relevant Links


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Tokio Hotel have released the new single "Happy People" from their upcoming album "2001".
The song, which was created together with the Icelandic electro musician Dadi Freyr (30), is a danceable reckoning with fake happy people.
Speaking of danceable: "Happy People" comes, as it should nowadays, with a mini-choreography that is perfect for TikTok. Bill Kaulitz (33), Georg Listing (35) and the dancer Patrox have already rehearsed the dance in an amusing video for their TikTok followers.
There is also a video on Instagram in which Bill tries the dance with his brother Tom Kaulitz (33) and his wife Heidi Klum (49).
"2001" will be released on November 18, 2022. The title is a reference to the year the band was founded and represents the basic idea of the album. "All the Tokio Hotel facets of the last two decades" should be united on it, a press release promises. The basis for this idea was also the new edition of the hit single "Monsun". "This has closed a circle," explains Tom Kaulitz. "We looked back at where we actually came from and what has happened since then."


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Wow! Another fantastic event happening this weekend on Sunday !
The 24th Annual Fiesta on the Hill takes place on Cortland Avenue in Bernal Heights from 10:00 am – 6:00 pm. A benefit for the Bernal Heights Neighborhood Center, this festival is a celebration of community, friends, neighbors, food, and live music. Don't forget your dancing shoes because these bands will get your feet moving! And don't miss the petting zoo — one year, SFHotlist was out on Cortland very early on the day of Fiesta on the Hill and witnessed the parade of animals on their way to Cortland Avenue. Watching farm animals walking around the neighborhood was an amazing sight to see!
Bundle together Fiesta on the Hill in Bernal Heights with Sunday Streets in the Outer Mission/Excelsior and you have a double dose of San Francisco fabulousness all in one day. Bernal Heights and the Excelsior are basically right next to each other which means you can get to both events and don't have to make the dreaded "either/or" decision when planning your Sunday activities. Thankfully, the Potrero Hill Festival in Potrero Hill is on Saturday. It's the perfect warm-up race for the festival marathon you'll be doing on Sunday . Enjoy !


text:
Reebok Pump
Design - Video Edit
The Reebok Pump is a line of athletic shoes that was first released on November 24, 1989. It was the first shoe to have an internal inflation mechanism that regulated a unique fitting cushion in the lower and upper tongue to provide locking around the ankle.
Reebok decided to re-create this classic and we helped them to make the announcement to Hong Kong's target, starring William Chan.
Creative Director: Enric Soldevila
Production: The Others
Design & Animation : Gabi Pinto, Anna Oliveira, Jordi Olmos
- ClientReebook Hong Kong
- Production & DirectionTheothers.tv
- Design & AnimationJordi Olmos & Theothers.tv
- Date2019
- Tags2D animation3d compositinggraphic designreebokTraptrap designvideo edit


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Great deals on the latest men's suits, formal wear and accessories with 70% Off at Levantino. Hurry, before it's over. T&C apply.
Get yourself summer ready with your favourite suncare products! And good news, Boots summer essentials are now on Buy 1 Get 1 Free! Even more reasons to shop Boots this season 🔆
Your go-to tote bag for when you're on the go. Get it now for FREE with any purchase of beauty & accessories valued at DHS 350. Available now at Victoria's Secret.
Saudi National Day Offer! Neutrals or colorful? Nudes or bolds? Mikyajy has the perfect set of eyeshadow palettes for your unique style! Limited Period Offer: Eyeshadow Palettes at AED 99 each.


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Alain FALC (1958) : Chairman of the Board of Directors
An engineering graduate in electronics (ISEN 1981)
Alain Falc founded Bigben Interactive in 1981 when he finished his studies and rapidly acquired industrial and commercial know-how in watches and other promotional electronic products. In 1993, he moved into the budding video games sector.
By 1999, when it was floated on the stock exchange, Bigben Interactive was one of the leading designers and manufacturers of accessories for third-party video games consoles (i.e. not made by the console manufacturers) in France. After its IPO, Bigben Interactive continued to expand internationally, with operations in the Benelux, the United Kingdom, Germany, Hong Kong, Spain and Italy.
Having gradually built up the video games publishing business over the following decade, in 2011 Alain Falc acquired the smartphone accessories design and distribution business of ModeLabs, the French leader in smartphone accessories, which became Bigben Connected in May 2013.
He then took the Bigben Group in another strategic direction in 2018-2019 through the acquisition of interests in five development studios: Cyanide, Eko Software, Kylotonn KT Racing, Spiders and RaceWard. In 2019, he successfully engineered the creation of NACON, the Bigben Group's integrated Gaming division and its successful IPO in March 2020.
Sébastien Bolloré: Director
ISEG, UCLA (California)
Managerial expertise and experience
After studying at Gerson and Saint-Jean-de-Passy, Sébastien Bolloré obtained his baccalauréat and studied management at ISEG and then UCLA (California). Sébastien Bolloré spends most of his time in Australia, and advises the Bolloré group based on his knowledge of new media and technological developments.
He has been a director of Bigben Interactive SA since his appointment by the AGM of 28 July 2010.
Jean Marie de Chérade: Independent Director
A graduate agronomist and the holder of both a master's degree in natural sciences and a DEA postgraduate diploma in marketing, management and business administration.
After serving as an assistant at the chair for agri-food marketing at CESA (the HEC-ISA Group's Higher Education Centre for Business), Jean-Marie de Chérade became a consultant at the World Bank overseeing projects for West Africa.
He then joined the corporate world where he became among other things chairman and co-founder of the EOS marketing company. He is now an independent consultant and performs various assignments mainly in the real estate industry.
He has been a director of Bigben Interactive SA since his appointment by the AGM of 28 July 2008.
Jacqueline De Vrieze: Director
After working in the personal care industry (in a hair salon and beauty parlour) between 1976 and 1987, Jacqueline De Vrieze set up a fitness and beauty treatment company within a gym.
In 1989, she joined the retail chain that is now known as Games.fr, as head of the store network before becoming the company's CEO in 1995. She led the transformation of the store network into a retail website in the early 2010s.
Angélique Gérard: Independent Director
A graduate of the European Institute of Business Administration (INSEAD) and trained as a top executive at the (HEC) Business School, Angélique Gérard joined the Iliad Group in early 2000, after four years at France Telecom.
Fundamental in the creation of the contact centers of the Iliad Group, she set up and ensured the development of the subscriber service before managing the integration of the corresponding resources of the operator Alice after its acquisition in 2008. She is now Head of Subscriber Relations at Free, a member of the Executive Committee of Iliad (holding), of which she is a founding manager and CEO of several subsidiaries of the Iliad Group.
Also a lecturer, an author of books with managerial and societal connotations, she is very involved as a Business Angel with entrepreneurs which she accompanies in sectors such as high-tech, collaborative economy and hotel & catering services. She joined the supervisory boards of Europcar in 2015 and then Babilou in 2017, the first group of business and community nurseries in France.
Sylvie Pannetier: Director
The holder of a DECF degree in accounting and financial studies.
After completing her studies, Sylvie Pannetier joined Bigben Interactive in February 1995 in the finance department and has held roles in supplier accounting, treasury and credit management in her 20 years at the company.
She now manages a team of nine people and is in charge of the Group's Treasury department as well as credit management at Bigben Interactive, Bigben Connected and Nacon.
She has been a director of Bigben Interactive since her appointment by the AGM of 31 August 2015.
Jean-Christophe Thiéry: Director
A graduate of Sciences-Po Paris and the holder of a degree in public administration from ENA.
After starting his career in local government, Jean Christophe Thiéry joined the Bolloré group in 2002 and became CEO of the Direct 8 TV channel in 2005.
He was appointed Chairman of Bolloré Média (media division of the Bolloré group) in November 2008, taking over from Vincent Bolloré, with the brief of continuing its consolidation and growth in the media and telecoms industry. Jean Christophe Thiery is also CEO of the Bolloré group's communications and media division and Chairman of Canal+'s Supervisory Board.
He has been a director of Bigben Interactive SA since his appointment by the AGM of 26 July 2012.


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Created attachment 465151 [details] Test page Steps to reproduce: 1. Open attached test page in Safari 2. Copy the rendered family emoji and paste it into the <input maxlength=10> field What happened: The emoji fully appears inside the input. You will be able to paste the emoji up to 10 times. What should have happened: The emoji should have been altered. In Chrome and Firefox, one of the children in the depicted family disappears. The full emoji has a string size of 11, so it shouldn't fully fit into an <input> with a maxlength of 10. It seems that Safari's maxlength implementation treats all emoji as length 1.
Comment on attachment 465151 [details] Test page ><!DOCTYPE html> > > >  > <meta charset="utf-8" /> > <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> > <title>emoji input maxlength test</title> >  >  >  >
👨👩👧👦
 > <input maxlength="10" /> >  >
Pull request: https://github.com/WebKit/WebKit/pull/10662
This issue i am also having in safari but as far as now the issue is fixed and tested on https://yt2mp3.id/es/
Committed 260838@main (9743d10df7bc): <https://commits.webkit.org/260838@main> Reviewed commits have been landed. Closing PR #10662 and removing active labels.
The behavior that we chose was very intentional, and I don't see how it "makes Web developers' life more difficult than it needs to be." The decision was made in bug 120030, and I don't see anything to have changed that would make us change our opinion.
(In reply to Alexey Proskuryakov from comment #6) > The behavior that we chose was very intentional, and I don't see how it > "makes Web developers' life more difficult than it needs to be." > > The decision was made in bug 120030, and I don't see anything to have > changed that would make us change our opinion. Willfully ignoring the specification and not other aligning with every other major browser is harmful to the Web. This is a serious interoperability issue which has been reported several times over the years. This was also discussed as a spec issue and they decided to keep the spec as is after discussing with other browser vendors, despite our feedback. The ship for others to align with us here has sailed.
While our choice may have been intentional for this ill-conceived feature, the reality of the situation is that other browser vendors are unwilling to change their behaviors, and we keep getting bug reports about this behavior difference. Given we can't rid of maxlength, the path of the least resistance is for WebKit to match other browsers.