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The Right Treats to Keep Your Shih Poo Healthy and Happy
It's always a joy to spoil your furry friend with their favorite treats, but as a pet parent, you may be wondering how many treats are too many for your beloved Shih Poo. With conflicting advice available and a plethora of treats in the market, determining the right number can be perplexing. Nevertheless, you need to know how to balance between reinforcing positive behaviors and over-treating, which can lead to weight gain and other health complications. In this article, we'll discuss the role of treats in your Shih Poo's life and how to determine the right amount to give to your canine companion. So, let's dive in!
Why Treats Matter for Your Shih Poo
Giving your Shih Poo treats may seem like a minor part of your dog's diet, but it actually plays a crucial role in their overall health and wellbeing. Treats can be useful for training, as a form of affection, and reinforcing positive behaviors. However, over-treating can lead to health issues, so it's important for owners to know the right amount to give. In this section, we'll discuss the importance of treats for your Shih Poo and their role in training and affection. We'll also touch on the health implications of over-treating and how to determine the right number of treats for your pup. For more information on creating a balanced diet for your Shih Poo, check out our article on balanced diet for Shih Poo dogs.
The Role of Treats in Training
When it comes to training your Shih Poo, treats can play a crucial role in reinforcing good behavior. Treats act as a positive reinforcement tool, encouraging your dog to repeat the actions that earned them a treat in the first place. Consistency is key when it comes to training, and regularly rewarding good behavior with a treat can help your Shih Poo grasp the concept quicker.
It's important to choose the right type of treat for training. Small, soft treats like training treats or small pieces of chicken or cheese can be the perfect choice because they can easily be fed to your dog without interrupting the training session. Using high-value treats that your dog loves can also be a powerful motivator during training and help keep their focus on the task at hand.
While treats are a useful tool in training, it's important to avoid over-treating, especially during training sessions. You want to avoid overfeeding your dog and potentially causing digestive issues, as well as preventing your Shih Poo from becoming overweight.
To avoid over-treating during training sessions, you can use a portion of your dog's daily food as training rewards. This will also help your Shih Poo maintain a healthy weight. Additionally, you can try breaking up larger treats into smaller pieces, so you can provide more rewards without worrying about over-feeding.
It's also important to note that treats should not be the only form of positive reinforcement used during training. Praise and petting can be equally effective as treats, and they can be used in conjunction with treats to reinforce positive behaviors.
Treats play an important role in training your Shih Poo, but they should be used correctly and in moderation to ensure your dog stays healthy and happy. Remember to choose the right type of treat for training, avoid over-feeding, and complement treats with other forms of positive reinforcement during training.
Treats as a Form of Pet Affection
Treats are not only an effective tool for training your Shih Poo, but they can also be a powerful way to show your furry friend some extra love and affection. The act of giving treats to your Shih Poo is a great way to bond and build a deeper connection with them.
Here are some ways that treats can be used as a form of pet affection:
- Offering treats as a reward for good behavior can reinforce positive habits and encourage your Shih Poo to continue making good choices.
- Sharing a treat with your Shih Poo can serve as a bonding moment, and your dog will appreciate the special attention.
- Offering a treat to your Shih Poo can be a comforting gesture in moments of stress or anxiety, helping to calm them down and create a sense of security.
While treats should never be used as a substitute for affection, they can certainly be a meaningful addition to the ways in which you show love to your pet.
It's important to remember, however, that treats should be given in moderation. Over-treating your Shih Poo can lead to health problems such as obesity and dental issues. Be conscientious of the number of treats you give your pet, and look for healthier options such as those with high protein or fiber content.
If you want to show your pet affection with treats but are concerned about the ingredients in store-bought treats, you might consider making your own homemade treats. There are many recipes available that are specifically designed for the dietary needs of Shih Poos, such as those that are protein-rich or geared towards sensitive stomachs. Check out our Shih Poo dog food recipes for some ideas and inspiration.
Remember that affectionate use of treats is a way to bond with your Shih Poo and show them extra love, but it's important to be mindful of portion control and ingredient quality.
Reinforcing Positive Behaviors
Treats can be a great way to reinforce positive behaviors in your Shih Poo. Whether it's potty training, obeying commands, or simply showing good behavior and manners, a well-timed treat can go a long way in reinforcing positive actions.
Positive reinforcement is a powerful tool that can help your Shih Poo learn and develop good habits. When you reward your dog for doing something good, such as sitting on command, they will be more likely to repeat that behavior in the future. This is because they have associated that particular action with a positive outcome – in this case, receiving a tasty treat.
However, it's important to note that treats should be given in moderation, and not as a substitute for good training practices. Consistency and praise are just as important, if not more so, in helping your Shih Poo learn and remember good behaviors.
To make the most of treats as a reinforcement tool, consider keeping a log of when you give your dog treats, and what action they were rewarding for. This can help you identify patterns in your dog's behavior, and determine which behaviors are responding best to positive reinforcement.
Here's an example of a simple log you can keep:
Date | Behavior | Treat Given? |
June 1 | Sat on command | Yes |
June 2 | Picked up a toy when asked | No |
June 3 | Didn't bark at neighbor's dog | Yes |
By keeping track of your Shih Poo's behavior and your responses to it, you can create a more effective training plan that utilizes treats in a way that reinforces positive behaviors without over-reliance on them.
It's worth noting that not all treats are created equal. Some treats are higher in calories, while others may contain ingredients that can upset your dog's stomach or cause allergic reactions. Refer to articles about high-protein foods for Shih Poo puppies or foods to avoid for Shih Poos with sensitive stomachs to learn more about choosing the right kind of treat for your Shih Poo.
Health Implications of Over-Treating
Over-treating your Shih Poo can have negative effects on their health. It is important to keep in mind that treats should not be used as a substitute for regular meals, as they do not provide the necessary nutrients and minerals that your dog needs to stay healthy. Here are some health implications to consider when it comes to over-treating your Shih Poo:
1. Weight Gain: Treats often contain high amounts of calories and can lead to weight gain in your Shih Poo. Obesity can increase the risk of developing a range of health problems including diabetes, heart disease, and joint problems. It is crucial to monitor your dog's calorie intake and ensure that the number of treats they receive does not cause them to gain excessive weight.
2. Digestive Problems: Over-treating can also result in digestive problems, such as stomach upset, diarrhea, and vomiting. This can be particularly problematic if your Shih Poo has a sensitive stomach. It is important to choose treats that are easy to digest and do not contain ingredients that may upset your dog's stomach.
3. Dental Issues: Some treats may be too hard for your dog to chew, which can cause damage to their teeth. Additionally, treats that contain sugar can lead to tooth decay and other dental problems. Always choose treats that are designed to promote dental health, such as those that help clean your dog's teeth and freshen their breath.
4. Allergic Reactions: Treats may contain ingredients that your Shih Poo is allergic to, which can result in a range of symptoms including itching, swelling, and breathing difficulties. Always read the labels of any treats you give to your Shih Poo and be vigilant for any signs of an allergic reaction.
By being mindful of the potential health implications of over-treating your Shih Poo, you can help ensure that they remain happy and healthy.
Determining the Right Number of Treats for Your Shih Poo
As a Shih Poo owner, you want to ensure that your furry friend is getting the right amount of treats to stay healthy and happy. But with so many different types of treats out there, it can be difficult to determine how many to give in a day. You don't want to over-treat and risk health problems, but you also don't want to under-treat and miss out on the positive benefits that treats can offer. So, how can you find the perfect balance? Let's explore some factors to consider when determining the optimal number of treats for your Shih Poo.
Considering Your Dog's Age and Health
When determining the number of treats that your Shih Poo should have each day, it is important to take into consideration their age and overall health. Just like humans, dogs have different dietary needs and restrictions based on their age and any pre-existing health conditions they may have.
To ensure that you are providing your Shih Poo with the appropriate number of treats and not jeopardizing their health, it is recommended that you consult with a veterinarian. They can offer valuable insights into what types of treats are best for your specific dog, based on their age, breed, and any existing health issues.
In the meantime, it can be helpful to use this general guide to determine the appropriate number of treats for your Shih Poo, based on their age:
Age | Number of Treats per Day |
Puppy (Less than 6 months) | Up to 4 |
Adult (6 months to 9 years) | Up to 2 |
Senior (9 years and up) | 1 to 2 |
It's important to remember that these are just general guidelines and that the specific number of treats your Shih Poo can have each day may vary based on their individual needs and health profile. Additionally, it's important to ensure that the treats you are giving them are appropriate for their specific age and nutritional needs.
By taking your Shih Poo's age and overall health into consideration, you can ensure that you are providing them with the appropriate number of treats each day and not put their health at risk. Remember to always consult with your veterinarian to ensure that you are providing your furry friend with the best possible care.
Consulting with Your Veterinarian
Ensuring that your Shih Poo receives the correct number of treats each day is essential to their overall health and wellbeing. While determining this number on your own is possible, it's always a good idea to consult with your veterinarian to create a personalized plan for your furry friend.
Why Consult with Your Veterinarian?
Veterinarians have extensive knowledge and experience with animal nutrition and can provide expert guidance on the types and amounts of treats suitable for your Shih Poo. They can also assess your dog's individual needs, including their age, weight, and any pre-existing health conditions, to develop a customized plan.
What Should You Discuss with Your Veterinarian?
When consulting with your veterinarian, be sure to discuss:
Topic | Questions to Consider |
Caloric intake | How many calories should my Shih Poo consume each day? |
Nutritional requirements | What specific nutrients should I look for in a treat? |
Health concerns | Does my Shih Poo have any medical conditions that could be affected by treats? |
Size and frequency of treats | How many treats can I give my Shih Poo each day, and at what intervals? |
Consulting with your veterinarian not only ensures the health and wellbeing of your Shih Poo but also gives you peace of mind knowing that you're providing them with the correct number of treats each day. It's essential to follow your veterinarian's advice and recommendations to prevent overfeeding your furry friend, which can lead to obesity, diabetes, and other health problems.
To sum up, consulting with your veterinarian is crucial in determining the right number of treats for your Shih Poo. They can provide expert guidance specific to your furry friend's individual needs and help prevent over-treating. So, don't hesitate to reach out to your veterinarian and discuss your Shih Poo's treat intake.
Observing Your Dog's Reaction to Treats
When determining the right number of treats for your Shih Poo, it's important to observe their reaction to the treats they're given. Not all dogs have the same preferences and some may be pickier than others. This is why it's important to pay attention to your dog's reaction to different types of treats. You can do this by observing their behavior and body language when you offer them a treat.
Consider creating a table to keep track of which treats your dog enjoys and which ones they don't seem too interested in. This can help you tailor your treat-giving to your dog's preferences and help prevent over-treating. When introducing a new type of treat, offer it alongside a treat you know your dog likes to encourage them to try it. If they don't seem interested, don't force it.
Additionally, consider the size and texture of the treats you're giving your Shih Poo. If they have trouble chewing or swallowing a particular type of treat, it may not be a good choice for them. Similarly, if the treat is too big or difficult to break into smaller pieces, it may contribute to over-treating if you give them the whole thing at once.
Overall, paying attention to your dog's reaction to treats can help you make informed decisions about the types and amount of treats you give them. Consider keeping track of their preferences and watching for any adverse reactions, such as upset stomach or excessive drooling, to ensure that you're not unintentionally harming their health.
Using Treats as Rewards, Not Meals
It's important to remember that treats should be used as rewards, not meals, for your Shih Poo. While they can be an effective way to reinforce positive behaviors during training, they should not be relied upon as the main source of nutrition for your furry friend.
Using Treats as Rewards
When using treats as rewards, it's important to choose small, low-calorie treats that your Shih Poo will enjoy. You can even break larger treats into smaller pieces to make them go further. This ensures that your dog is receiving the appropriate amount of nutrition from their regular meals and not relying on treats as their main source of sustenance.
Not using treats as meals
Over-treating or using treats as meals can lead to obesity and other health issues. It's important to keep track of the number and type of treats you give your Shih Poo to maintain a healthy weight and prevent any negative health implications.
To help you keep track of the treats you give your Shih Poo, you can create a table to record the types and amounts of treats given throughout the day. This can also help you identify any potential sources of over-treating or excessive caloric intake.
Choosing the Right Treats
When choosing treats for your Shih Poo, opt for those that are low in calories and high in nutritional value. Avoid treats that are high in fat, sugar, and additives that can have negative health implications for your dog.
Aim to choose treats that are made from high-quality, natural ingredients and that are specifically formulated for small breed dogs like the Shih Poo.
By using treats as rewards, not meals, and choosing the right types of treats, you can ensure that your Shih Poo is getting the necessary nutrition to maintain a healthy weight and live a happy, active life.
The Right Type of Treats for Your Shih Poo
When it comes to treating your Shih Poo, it's important to choose the right type of treat. Not all treats are created equal, and some can actually be harmful to your pet's health if given in excess. Here are some factors to consider when choosing the right type of treat for your furry friend.
Ingredients: Always read the ingredient list before buying a treat. Look for treats made with quality, whole food ingredients and avoid those containing fillers, by-products, and artificial colors or flavors.
Size: Treats should be appropriately sized for your Shih Poo. Avoid giving treats that are too large or small, as they can pose a choking hazard or be ineffective as a reward.
Texture: Consider your dog's dental health when choosing the texture of the treat. Crunchy treats can help promote healthy teeth and gums, while soft treats may be better for older dogs or those with dental issues.
Flavor: Just like humans, dogs have individual taste preferences. Some dogs may prefer savory treats while others may have a sweet tooth. Experiment with different flavors to find your dog's favorite.
Caloric value: Treats should make up no more than 10% of your dog's daily caloric intake. Keep this in mind when choosing treats and be mindful of the serving size.
Here is a table summarizing the considerations when choosing the right type of treat for your Shih Poo:
Consideration | What to look for |
Ingredients | Treats made with quality, whole food ingredients |
Size | Appropriately sized treats to avoid choking hazard or ineffectiveness as a reward |
Texture | Crunchy treats for dental health, soft treats for older dogs/dental issues |
Flavor | Experiment with different flavors to find your dog's favorite |
Caloric value | Treats should make up no more than 10% of your dog's daily caloric intake |
Remember, treats are not a substitute for a balanced diet, and it's important to choose treats that benefit your Shih Poo's health in moderation.
Keep Your Shih Poo's Daily Caloric Intake in Mind
It's important to be mindful of your Shih Poo's daily caloric intake when giving them treats. Overfeeding your pet can lead to obesity and other health issues, so it's crucial to keep track of the number of treats you're giving them each day.
One useful tool is to create a chart that outlines your Shih Poo's daily caloric needs, as well as the number of treats they can have without going over their daily limit. This chart should take into account your Shih Poo's weight, age, and activity level, as these factors can all impact their caloric needs.
For example, a Shih Poo that weighs 10 pounds and is moderately active may need around 350 calories per day. However, if you're also giving them three or four treats per day, each containing 50-100 calories, you could easily push their daily caloric intake over the recommended limit.
To help you keep track of your Shih Poo's treats and ensure they're not consuming too many calories, use the following table to determine the appropriate number of treats based on their daily caloric needs:
Shih Poo's Daily Caloric Needs | Number of Treats Allowed (50 Calories per Treat) | Number of Treats Allowed (100 Calories per Treat) |
200-300 Calories | 2-3 Treats | 1 Treat |
300-400 Calories | 3-4 Treats | 1-2 Treats |
400-500 Calories | 4-5 Treats | 2-3 Treats |
500-600 Calories | 5-6 Treats | 3-4 Treats |
Of course, these amounts are just a general guideline, and your Shih Poo's needs may differ. Consult with your veterinarian to determine the appropriate number of treats for your pet based on their individual needs.
By keeping track of your Shih Poo's caloric intake and limiting their treats accordingly, you can ensure they stay healthy and happy for years to come.
When and Where to Give Your Shih Poo Treats
As a Shih Poo owner, it's important to know not only how many treats to give your furry friend but also when and where to give them. Treats can play a crucial role in training and reinforcing positive behaviors, but over-treating can have health implications. So, what are the best practices for giving your Shih Poo treats? In this section, we'll dive deeper into the specifics of when and where to give your dog treats, and how to do so in a way that benefits both you and your beloved pup.
Incorporating Treats into Your Shih Poo's Training
Training your Shih Poo is an essential part of owning a dog, and incorporating treats into their training can make the process much smoother. Here are some tips for incorporating treats into your Shih Poo's training:
- Start small: When training your Shih Poo, start with small bites of treats. This will prevent your dog from getting too full and losing interest in training.
- Use high-value treats: Use treats that your Shih Poo loves and associates with positive experiences. This will encourage them to work harder during training sessions.
- Offer treats as a reward: Reward your Shih Poo with a treat after they perform the desired behavior. This will reinforce the positive behavior and encourage them to repeat it in the future.
- Be consistent: Use treats consistently when training your Shih Poo. This will help them associate the treat with the desired behavior, making it easier for them to learn.
- Use treats sparingly: Use treats sparingly to avoid over-treating your Shih Poo. This will help prevent health issues like obesity and diabetes.
- Be patient: Training your Shih Poo takes time and patience. Don't get frustrated with them if they don't catch on right away. Keep working with them and rewarding them with treats when they do well.
Remember to be patient and consistent when incorporating treats into your Shih Poo's training. With time and practice, your dog will learn the desired behaviors and you'll have a well-trained and happy pup.
Treats as a Form of Positive Reinforcement
Positive reinforcement is a powerful tool in dog training, and treats can be a great way to reinforce good behavior. When you reward your Shih Poo for responding correctly to a command or exhibiting desirable behavior, he is more likely to repeat that behavior in the future. Here are some tips for using treats as a form of positive reinforcement:
- Choose treats that your Shih Poo really loves. This will help to make the reinforcement as effective as possible.
- Be consistent in your use of treats. If you reward your Shih Poo for doing something one day and then don't reward him for the same behavior the next day, he may become confused and less motivated to repeat the desired behavior.
- Use treats immediately after the desired behavior occurs, so your Shih Poo can make a connection between the behavior and the reward.
- Use treats in conjunction with verbal praise and petting to reinforce desirable behavior. This will help your Shih Poo understand that his good behavior is what is earning him the rewards.
- Gradually decrease the frequency of treats over time as your Shih Poo becomes more consistent in his good behavior. This will help to ensure that he continues to behave well even when treats are not offered.
Remember that positive reinforcement should be your primary method of training your Shih Poo, rather than punishment or negative reinforcement. Punishing your dog for unwanted behavior can be harmful to his emotional well-being and can actually reinforce that behavior, rather than eliminating it. Using treats as a form of positive reinforcement encourages your Shih Poo to enjoy learning and obeying commands, making training a positive experience for both of you.
Avoid Over-Treating During Training Sessions
Training your Shih Poo with treats is an effective way to reinforce positive behaviors, but over-treating can have negative consequences. Avoiding over-treating during training sessions is important to maintain your Shih Poo's health and avoid weight gain.
To avoid over-treating during training sessions, it's helpful to establish clear rules for treating. One effective method is to use a treat-tracking table. This table will help you keep track of how many treats your dog receives during training and throughout the day.
Date | Treat Type | Number of Treats | Total Calories |
5/10/21 | Training Treats | 5 | 25 |
5/10/21 | Dental Treats | 2 | 20 |
5/10/21 | Chew Treats | 1 | 45 |
By keeping track of your Shih Poo's treats, you can ensure you're not over-treating and providing a well-balanced diet. Additionally, you can choose treats that are lower in calories, such as carrot or cucumber slices, to offer during training sessions.
It's also important to consider the size of the treat. Smaller treats can be just as effective as larger ones, and can reduce the risk of your dog becoming overweight or obese.
Finally, it's important to remember that treats are meant to be a reward for positive behavior, not as a replacement for regular meals. By limiting the number of treats your dog receives, you can ensure they maintain a healthy diet while still reinforcing positive behaviors during training sessions.
Offering Treats as a Form of Playtime
Playing with your Shih Poo is such an enjoyable experience, but adding treats to this activity can make it even more exciting for your furry friend. Offering treats as a form of playtime can be an effective way to reinforce positive behavior and to create a bond with your Shih Poo.
Here are some ways you can incorporate treats into your Shih Poo's playtime:
- Hide and Seek: Hide some treats in various locations around the room, and encourage your Shih Poo to find them by using their sense of smell. This game not only engages their minds and bodies but also reinforces their natural instincts to hunt for food.
- Fetch: Toss a toy or a ball and reward your Shih Poo with a treat every time they bring it back to you. This not only keeps them physically active but also motivates them to return the toy back to you.
- Tug of War: Use a tug toy and take turns pulling it with your Shih Poo. Reward them with a treat when they let the toy go or when they finally win the game.
- Training Games: Incorporate training exercises, such as "sit" or "stay," and reward your Shih Poo with a treat every time they successfully follow a command. This not only stimulates their mind but also creates a fun and interactive experience for both you and your furry friend.
It's important to note that treats should be given in moderation and not as a substitute for playtime or exercise. While it's a great way to reinforce positive behavior and motivate your dog, overfeeding them treats can lead to obesity and other health issues. Be mindful of the number of treats you give your Shih Poo and try to incorporate them into playtime in a way that doesn't disrupt their daily diet or routine.
Limiting Treats to Certain Times of the Day
Limiting Treats to Certain Times of the Day
It's important to establish a routine when it comes to treat-giving. While treats can be a helpful tool for training and reinforcing positive behaviors, it's important to not go overboard. One way to manage treat-giving is to limit it to specific times of the day. This can help prevent over-treating and ensure that your Shih Poo doesn't become overweight or experience other health issues.
Here are some tips on how to limit your Shih Poo's treat intake to certain times of the day:
- Use treats as training rewards: Use treats as a reward for your Shih Poo's training sessions. This will help reinforce positive behavior and create a positive training experience for your dog. Limiting treats to training sessions helps ensure that your dog doesn't consume too many calories throughout the day.
- Set a specific time for treats: Choose a specific time of day to give your Shih Poo treats. This could be after their meals or during a designated playtime. By limiting treats to a specific time, you can control your dog's intake and prevent them from becoming too dependent on treats.
- Avoid giving treats before bedtime: Giving your Shih Poo treats right before bedtime could interfere with their sleep. Human food or treats can be harder for dogs to digest, which could lead to an upset stomach during the night. Try to limit treat-giving to earlier in the day to avoid any potential issues.
- Don't use treats as a form of comfort or distraction: While treats can be used to help with separation anxiety, it's important to not rely on them as a form of comfort or distraction throughout the day. This can lead to over-treating and could have negative health implications for your dog.
- Track your Shih Poo's treat intake: Keep track of how many treats your dog is consuming each day to ensure that you're not over-treating. This can help you establish a routine and manage your dog's calorie intake throughout the day.
By limiting treats to certain times of the day, you can help prevent over-treating and ensure that your Shih Poo stays healthy and happy. Always consult with your veterinarian to determine the right amount and type of treats for your specific dog.
Using Treats to Help with Separation Anxiety
Separation anxiety is a common problem among Shih Poo dogs. They tend to form a strong bond with their owners and can experience anxiety, fear, and distress when left alone. However, using treats as a tool can help alleviate some of these symptoms.
Here are some ways you can use treats to help with separation anxiety:
- Practice short departures with treats: Start by going out for a few minutes and gradually increasing the length of time you're away. Give your Shih Poo a treat before you leave and another one when you return. This will help your dog associate your departure and return with positive feelings.
- Use interactive treat toys: Invest in interactive treat toys that your Shih Poo can play with while you're away. Examples include puzzle games, chew toys that dispense treats, and toys that require a lot of effort to get the treat out. This will help distract your dog from the fact that you're not home and provide mental stimulation.
- Give treats for good behavior: When you return home, greet your Shih Poo calmly and give them a treat for good behavior. This will help reinforce positive behavior and make your dog feel more comfortable when left alone.
- Avoid making a big deal about leaving: When you're about to leave, avoid making a big fuss about it. Simply give your Shih Poo a treat and walk out the door. Making a big deal out of your departure can increase your dog's anxiety.
- Use treats to create a positive environment: Giving your Shih Poo treats throughout the day can create a positive environment and help alleviate stress. Use treats as rewards for good behavior and to distract your dog from negative stimuli.
Remember, treats should only be used as part of a larger plan to help with separation anxiety. Consult with a veterinarian or professional dog trainer for a comprehensive approach to address separation anxiety in your Shih Poo.
Closing Thoughts
As a responsible pet owner, it's important to remember that your Shih Poo's health and well-being should always come first. Although it can be tempting to shower your furry friend with treats throughout the day, it's crucial to maintain a healthy balance and limit their treat intake.
Always consider your dog's individual needs and personalities when deciding on the appropriate number and types of treats to give. Some dogs may have health issues that limit their treat intake, while others may have a more active lifestyle that requires additional caloric intake.
Consulting with your veterinarian is also an essential step in determining what is safe and appropriate for your Shih Poo. Your vet can provide valuable insight into your pooch's overall health and provide specific recommendations on treat types and amounts based on their individual needs.
Remember that treats should serve as rewards for good behavior and training, rather than a substitute for a balanced meal. Always keep your Shih Poo's daily caloric intake in mind and avoid over-treating, which can have negative health implications and lead to weight gain.
Timing and location are also crucial when it comes to treat-giving. Incorporate treats into training sessions or use them as a form of positive reinforcement for desired behavior, but be sure to limit treats during playtime or other activities to prevent over-indulgence.
By considering your Shih Poo's individual needs, consulting with your vet, and practicing moderation and timing in treat-giving, you can ensure that your furry friend remains healthy, happy, and well-trained. With a balanced approach to treat-giving, you can continue to strengthen the bond between you and your beloved pet while also promoting their overall health and well-being.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can I give my Shih Poo treats every day?
Yes, you can give your Shih Poo treats every day, as long as you monitor the total amount of calories your dog consumes from all sources.
2. How many treats should I give my Shih Poo each day?
Typically, you should limit treats to about 10% of your dog's daily caloric intake, and adjust based on your dog's specific health needs.
3. Are commercial dog treats healthy for my Shih Poo?
It depends on the specific ingredients and nutritional content of the treat. Avoid treats with artificial preservatives or fillers, and choose treats with natural or organic ingredients.
4. What are some healthy treat options for my Shih Poo?
Some healthy options include small pieces of cooked chicken or turkey, plain popcorn, or small pieces of fresh fruits and vegetables such as carrots or blueberries.
5. Can I give my Shih Poo human food as treats?
Some human foods can be safe and healthy for dogs as treats, but it's important to avoid foods that are toxic to dogs such as chocolate or onions. Consult with your veterinarian before introducing any new human food treats.
6. How often can I give my Shih Poo training treats?
You should limit training treats to a maximum of 10% of your dog's daily caloric intake, and use them sparingly to avoid over-treating and disrupting your dog's regular meal schedule.
7. Can over-treating my Shih Poo lead to obesity?
Yes, consistently over-treating your Shih Poo can contribute to excessive weight gain and obesity, which can lead to health issues such as joint problems and diabetes.
8. Should I adjust my Shih Poo's treat intake as they age?
Yes, as your Shih Poo ages and becomes less active, their caloric needs will decrease, and you may need to adjust the amount of treats you give them accordingly.
9. Can using treats as a form of positive reinforcement help with behavioral issues?
Yes, using treats as a reward for positive behaviors can reinforce good habits and help with training and behavior issues. However, it's important to use treats appropriately and not rely on them as the sole form of reinforcement.
10. Should treats be provided in moderation to prevent illness?
Yes, treating in moderation is important to promote a balanced diet and prevent overeating, which can lead to potential health problems such as obesity, digestive problems or dental issues.


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WxLA – an advocacy initiative focused on gender justice in landscape architecture – announced the 2022 WxLA Scholars on October 3. The purpose of this award is to aid in the professional development and success of emerging and mid-career leaders in our profession by covering the costs associated with attendance at the 2022 Conference on Landscape Architecture in San Francisco (Nov. 11-14). The award will cover the cost of full registration for the conference and provide a housing and airfare stipend.
An incredible jury Patricia Algara, Steven Chavez, Maggie Hansen, Kendra Hyson, Marc Miller and Sandra Nam Cioffi) selected eight deserving scholars out of a pool of talented nominees.
The 2022 WxLA Scholars
Magdalena A. Aravena, Denver, Colorado
Isra Fakhruddin, Chicago, Illinois
Tristan Fields, Seattle, Washington
Joni Hammons, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Sandy Meulners, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Lys Divine Ndemeye, Vancouver, British Columbia
Breanna Robles, New York, New York
Wanqin Su, Seattle, Washington
WxLA will celebrate the scholars on November 11, 2022, 5-7pm at Pier One in San Francisco. At the WxLA Happy Hour, guests can expect to share in food, drinks and gender-just joy – and toast the 2022 scholars! All ticket proceeds will be matched by lead sponsor Landscape Forms.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Mock AIME 3 2006-2007 Problems/Problem 11
If and are real numbers such that find the minimum value of .
Solution 1
Factoring the LHS gives .
Now converting to polar:
Since we want to find ,
Since we want the minimum of this expression, we need to maximize the denominator. The maximum of the sine function is 1
(one value of which produces this maximum is )
So the desired minimum is
Solution 2
Since , finding the minimum value of is similar to finding that of . Let , where is the minimum value. We can rewrite this as and . . . . We want this polynomial to factor in the form , where at least one of . ( If , the equations and have no real solutions). Since , both and , so .
We can now use the "discriminant" to determine acceptable values of . simplifies to . Therefore, the minimum value of .
Solution 3 (Lagrange Multipliers)
Since , will be minimized when is at its minimum. We construct the Lagrangian by taking our value to optimize and subtracting off times our constraint, which we've set equal to zero. Now we seek points where its gradient is zero to get the three equations: All that is left to do is trudge through the algebra and solve for . Adding and subtracting the first two equations, dividing by two, and setting for convenience yields: We will use the last three equations to solve for , then square the result for our answer. These equations can be solved manually with some algebra, but there is a nicer way! Notice that this is actually the eigenvalue equation: The matrix is times the reflection matrix across the line, which means that and our should be on that line as (or on the perpendicular line with , but the answers will be the same regardless). Plugging this into our other condition, we have: . Since , our answer is thus . QED. -eiis1000


text:
Schermer said she was incredibly nervous about performing after so many years of not having picked up her instrument.
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Some readers will no doubt recognize Monika Schermer as the owner of Bohemian Pink, the charming store that sells imported clothing and gifts for women and girls. Her effervescent and friendly personality is familiar to many residents and her fellow shopkeepers.
What they may not know, however, is that she is also an accomplished violinist - and has recently rediscovered her love of the instrument. After brushing up with lots of practice, she recently put her skills to the test - playing in the March production of "The Little Mermaid," at Springfield Township High School, where her daughter, Nicole, is in ninth grade. (Nicole was not in the musical, but the student who played the lead role of Ariel was Simran Jain, daughter of Chestnut Hill developer Sanjiv Jain).
"It was so much fun," Schermer told the Local. "I practiced every day for six weeks. The last few weeks it was three to four hours a day."
Schermer said she was incredibly nervous about performing after so many years of not having picked up her instrument.
"I had classical training, and played seriously for 35 years, but this music was really challenging," she said. "There were key changes three times and rhythm changes three times in each song. It was very different."
So she leaned on Chestnut Hill violin maker Harold Golden, who she described as "a big help."
"It was exciting to see her get the scales and intonation back under her fingers after so many years of not playing the violin," Golden said. "Before I knew it, she was playing as if the years away from the instrument were no obstacle; she was playing like a pro."
Born in Minnesota, Schermer came to the Philadelphia area with her family when she was in elementary school.
She started learning violin in fourth grade in the Radnor School District, from a strict teacher with a Juilliard School pedigree. Schermer graduated from Radnor High School, and then George Washington University in Washington, DC, as an international business major.
She stopped playing music after she got to college, except for the odd holiday performance at Christmas. She was too busy raising kids and getting her business off the ground.
"My kids were always part of musical performances at their school, but I never participated because I was working 12-hour days at Bohemian Pink," she said.
Shermer has lived in Mt. Airy and Wyndmoor for many years, and has been running her business for much of that time.
She started out selling imported items from the Czech Republic out of her home 26 years ago, calling her business Bohemian Crafts Co., since her family comes from Bohemia, which is part of the Czech Republic. (In France the term "Bohemian" came to be associated with people living an artistic, unconventional lifestyle.)
The family had come to the U.S. in 1968 during the "Prague Spring," when Soviet tanks crushed a rebellion of the Czech people who were trying to overthrow the communist regime. Schermer is currently a dual Czech and U.S. citizen and her parents spend six months a year in the Czech Republic.
Schermer kept the store going, and growing, eventually opening a brick and mortar store on the Avenue.
But then life threw her a couple of curve balls.
First, the pandemic forced her and all the other store owners to shut their doors, prompting her to keep her business going online. Then, in January of 2021, she found out she had breast cancer.
In addition to chemotherapy, the diagnosis brought her a deep appreciation for the importance of friendship, her extended community, and what really matters in life.
"I had surgery at Chestnut Hill Hospital, and I've been very lucky," she said. "I am in good health now.
As of late last year, Schermer was healthy enough to reopen her store as a pop-up. It is now open Wednesday to Sunday.
"Actually, it was really nice not to have to work for a while," she chuckled.
And now that she's rediscovered her childhood passion, she said, she heartily recommends the experience.
"I just want to keep playing the violin," she said last week. "I am ready now for a community orchestra. I don't need to take lessons anymore. I just need to practice."
For more information, call 215-207-8552 or visit bohemianpink.com. Len Lear can be reached at email@example.com


text:
Almac Group is currently seeking a Production Supervisor for our Souderton, PA location. The Production Supervisor will oversee all operations and staff employed by Almac Clinical Services in the packaging area ensuring that quality is maintained in products for the safety, well-being, and protection of the patient.
*This is a 3rd shift position 11pm-7am
Responsibilities include but are not limited to:
- Maintain compliance with all current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) and Standard Operating Procedures (SOP).
- Accurately complete and review relevant sections of batch documentation, ensuring operations are completed according to the documentation and executed properly in the COSMOS system.
- Allocate and rotate production teams to scheduled operations ensuring continuity throughout a study/protocol and adherence to the master production schedule.
- Maintain consistently high standards of supervision of all team members and provide direction to staff in resolving production-related problems.
- Monitor production rooms to ensure maximum efficiency is being achieved without compromising the quality of the product.
Required Experience / Education:
- High School Diploma or GED equivalent required.
- Minimum 2 years production/manufacturing experience.
- Team Lead or Group Lead experience (not required to be in Pharmaceutical).
Preferred Experience / Education:
- Associates Degree preferred.
- 2+ Years Supervisory experience (not required to be in Pharmaceutical)
- Pharmaceutical or similar GMP environment experience preferred.
What can Almac Group offer you?
- Medical, Vision & Dental benefits from the 1st of the month following start date
- 20 days PTO per year, accrued monthly following start date
- 12 holidays per year
- Company paid Long and Short-term disability along with Life Insurance
- 401k company contribution
- Professional development programs/ continuous learning opportunities
Want to see our latest job opportunities? Follow us on LinkedIn
Almac is an exceptional, award winning, drug development solutions provider at the forefront of the pharmaceutical industry. We are a privately owned organization that has organically grown over 50 years now employing 6,000 highly skilled personnel worldwide. Our US Headquarters is located at Souderton, PA with additional operations scattered around the US and Europe. 'Partnering to Advance Human Health' is more than just a tagline – it is our way of life.
Embracing diversity is at the heart of enhancing Almac Group's unique culture and reflects our fundamental belief that all people deserve equality, inclusivity and the opportunity for advancement. We are committed to cultivating a welcoming, supportive, and inclusive environment for all. Together, we will build on the strength in our diversity and deliver exceptional solutions to advance human health globally.
RECRUITMENT AGENCIES PLEASE NOTE: Almac will only accept applications from agencies/business partners that have been invited to work on this role through our portal. Candidate Resumes/CV's not submitted through our portal or directly to Hiring Managers will be considered unsolicited and no fee will be payable. Thank you for your cooperation.
Almac Group, Inc. is an Equal Opportunity Employer - Minorities/Women/Protected Veterans/Disabled - Proudly embracing diversity in all of its expressions.
Almac provides reasonable accommodations to people with disabilities who need assistance completing the application process. Please email us at [email protected] to request assistance.


text:
Manali Deolalkar
Manali is a licensed psychotherapist based in California. Manali has completed her Masters in Mental Health Counseling from Columbia University, New York. She currently has her own private practice focused on empowering BIPOC, and specifically South Asian women with their mental health. Manali has worked in a variety of settings and provided therapy to tech workers, entrepreneurs, college students, couples, LGBTQIA+ folks and immigrants. Manali works from an emotion focused perspective and is engaged in spreading awareness around befriending our emotions with compassion rather than judgment. Manali is strongly involved in the movement to break gender stereotypes that severely impacts the mental health of women and to make mental health accessible to all. Manali is also involved in spreading awareness around South Asian mental health both among other therapists as well as by connecting with the south Asian community. We are seeing more and more South Asian individuals seeking therapy today and it is important to slowly break the stigma of mental health in South Asian culture.


text:
Pushed to an evening departure. Normally departing Central Station in Montreal once a week Friday morning at 0815, VIA's combined train for northern Quebec left at 1805 due to a heatwave. U... (more)
The combined train for northern Quebec is passing the Peel Basin on a gorgeous morning. Since the start of the pandemic, VIA 601 and 603 only run once a week, on Fridays. Previously they ran on Mo... (more)
VIA 601/603 meets CN 527 just a bit west of Turcot Ouest.
Rarely seen in daylight. Since the start of the pandemic, VIA 601/603 to Northern Quebec has only been running once a week (versus its regular schedule of three days a week) and for the pas... (more)
The combined VIA 601/603 passes the now obscured Wellington Tower with VIA 6438 up front and VIA 6405 mid-train.
Something extra at the rear. VIA 601 and VIA 603 normally each have an F40, a baggage car and a single coach and are combined leaving Montreal, before splitting up at Hervey Jct. Here thoug... (more)
VIA 6433 is up front and VIA 6440 is mid-train as the combined VIA 601/603 passes Wellington Tower in Montreal.
The combined VIA 601 and VIA 603 passes the Pointe St-Charles Yard, where recently coupled GP9's CN 7075 & CN 7229 idle before making their next move.
VIA 6433 is up front and VIA 6440 is mid-train as the combined VIA 601/603 passes Montreal's skyline not too long after leaving Central Station, on its way to northern Quebec. At Hervey Jct the tr... (more)
VIA 601 with VIA 6439 and two cars and VIA 603 with VIA 6455 and another two cars are joined as they pass the Peel Basin in Montreal.
VIA 601 and VIA 603 for Northern Quebec are joined as they pass the Peel Basin in Montreal with VIA 6439 leading and VIA 6455 mid-train. At Hervey Jct the train will split, with 601 heading for Jo... (more)
Combined train VIA 601/603 to Jonquière and Senneterre, from Montreal, is at St-Paulin, with unit 6411 leading.
Combined train VIA 601/603 to Jonquière and Senneterre, from Montreal, is making a stop in St-Paulin, with unit 6437 leading. It is the first unit in the 'CANADA 150' livery to go in Northern Que... (more)
Combined train. VIA 6431 is at the head end of the combined VIA 601/603 train as it passes the Peel Basin south of downtown Montreal. Until Hervey Junction in northern Quebec, VIA 601 to Jo... (more)
F40's head-end and mid-train. VIA 601/603 with VIA 6411 leading and VIA 6413 mid-train is crossing the Lachine canal in Montreal on a cold morning. The train will remain combined until Herv... (more)


text:
Reply To: Bandsaw blade mounting
Welcome! / Forums / General Woodworking Discussions / Tools and Tool Maintenance/Restoration / Bandsaw blade mounting / Reply To: Bandsaw blade mounting
Does your saw have an adjustment to change the centering of the blade on the top wheel? If so, small adjustments in how the blade centers on the upper wheel will affect what you are describing. When I first set up my saw, I made sure the table was perpendicular to the blade. I don't even know if there is an adjustment for the table to affect the direction of the miter slot / fence. I handle that by the positioning on the upper wheel.
In a recent note from Paul (his blog, perhaps), he commented that he just makes sure that the blade is perpendicular to the table in both dimensions. In other words, test against the side of the blade (bevel angle of the cut) and test against the back of the blade. I've never checked against the back of the blade, but you might use that to get your starting point and see if you get the cut you want.


text:
Richard R. Minehan
Richard R. "Dick" Minehan, 70, Almond, died Friday, Oct. 23, 2015, at Appleton Medical Center.
A memorial service will be held at 5 p.m. Wednesday, Oct. 28, at the Maple Crest Funeral Home in Waupaca, followed by full military honors. Burial of cremains will be at the Central Wisconsin Veterans Memorial Cemetery in King.
Visitation will be at the funeral home from 3 p.m. Wednesday until the service.
Mr. Minehan was born June 2, 1945, in Long Beach, Calif., a son
of the late Robert Minehan and Joanne Lemke.
He served in the U.S. Navy, retiring after 29 years of
He belonged to the "Tuesday Club" for breakfast with
Survivors include five siblings, Gayle (David) O'Brien,
Oshkosh, Patric Minehan, Hawaii, Calene (Dan) Pagel, Minocqua, David (Kathy)
Thibaudeau, Waupaca, and Tami-Beth Thibaudeau, Hilbert; and many nieces and
He was also preceded in death by one brother, Charles


text:
The VB6 SDK uses a lightweight COM component that can be freely distributed with your application to aid in the integration with the Esendex SMS service.
Functionality provided by the SDK includes; sending SMS, receiving SMS, receiving events, Account management, and Contact management. Use the menu below to navigate through this SDK documentation.
The text below details important information on installing the SDK and external components, general usage instructions, description of the downloads, and links to other information you may find useful.
In order to use the VB6 SDK you will require the Esendex COM component, EsendexSdk2.dll. You can find the latest VB SDK in our Downloads section.
To use the COM component, you must register it with the system. To do this, type the following from a command prompt:
REGSVR32 EsendexSdk2.DLL
You will see a message that the component has been successfully registered.
Note: This component is not compatible with 64bit versions of Windows
Magnificent functionality for a complete integration
All companies can benefit from effective communication by sending bulk sms, with both its customers and its suppliers or employees. No matter if your company is a neighborhood store or a multinational, good communication makes a difference.


text:
Chain necklace Avia
Little brother of the Chara chain necklace, the Avia necklace borrows the same codes: poetry and delicacy, while being a little more discreet.
Composed of a chain and a small medallion both in stainless steel, the Avia necklace exists in 2 versions, with enamel (white, black, green or terracotta) or without enamel.
The Avia necklace will bring a nice touch of mystery to your neckline!
Chain length : 55 cm
Extension chain : 5 cm
Weight : 5 g
This jewelry is made of stainless steel or stainless steel gilded with 18K gold.
All our stones are natural. This is why each of them is unique: their shade can vary from one to another and can have small inclusions.
To preserve their shine, avoid contact with water, perfume and cosmetics. Make sure you them on after your beauty routine.
Just like you, your jewelry pieces need to rest. If you normally wear them 24/7, occasionally remove all pieces and set them aside when you go to bed. When not worn, store them in the pouches we provided where they will be protected from light and moisture.
To avoid tarnishing your pieces, clean them delicately with a soft cloth every week.
To prevent necklaces from getting tangled, always leave the clasp outside of the closed pouch when you put them aside.


text:
Download iCalculator MOD APK Free (Pro Unlocked, Premium) + Full PAID/Patched, No ADS App For Android & iOS – APK Download Hunt.
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text:
Why do your PhD in English at Dal?
A PhD in English is an invitation to explore and master an area of academic research and literary, social, and cultural history.
PhD students at Dalhousie are given every opportunity to:
- present original work in the Department
- attend national and international conferences
- publish original essays in academic journals
- teach undergraduate English courses
- become involved in ground-breaking research with faculty
- prepare for an academic career
Applicants to Dalhousie's PhD program are eligible for a Killam scholarship nomination. PhD students are funded by the Department for the first four years of study and are encouraged to apply for external funding every year. By the third year, and after Comprehensive Exams, PhD students are able to teach up to 4 half-credit undergraduate courses of their own.
In the past decade, our students have successfully competed for tenure-track positions at the University of Toronto, University of Victoria, the University of Regina, the University of Ottawa, Carleton University, Algoma University, Ambrose University College, Mount Saint Vincent University, and Wilfred Laurier University. Other recent graduates have contract appointments at Harvard, Dalhousie, Dawson College, Saint Mary's University, and Universite Sainte Anne, and in private schools across Canada.
Program details
Doctor of Philosophy in English (PhD)
Choosing a thesis supervisor
It is not necessary to secure or approach a supervisor before applying to Dalhousie. PhD applicants, however, should review our faculty profiles to ensure appropriate supervision is available for the proposed project. Many students are attracted to Dalhousie for particular faculty who are specialists in a research area.
PhD candidates are expected to confirm an appropriate, interested, and available supervisor by January of the first year of the program. Once enrolled in the program, PhD candidates are expected to apply for external funding to fund the remainder of their study.
Program structure
The schedules below take the candidate through four years. Some students do not finish within that time. PhD candidates have six years to work on the PhD; extensions for up to three more years may be granted by the Faculty of Graduate Studies if appropriate documentation is submitted. Annual progress reports must be submitted by August 1 every year.
Year 1
Late August: New students will meet with the Graduate Coordinator to plan their PhD program and select classes, which begin in September. All tutor-markers and teaching assistants will attend a series of seminars on teaching.
October: Students should be preparing applications for SSHRC and Killam doctoral fellowships. The deadline to apply through the Department is in early November.
January 15: 'Intent to Qualify' forms must be submitted to the Graduate Coordinator.
April: Classes end. By now, students should have found a faculty member to be the supervisor for the qualifying exams to be taken within the next year. In consultation with the supervisor, the student must decide upon a final reading list for the exams. If revisions to the standard lists are made, they must be submitted to the Graduate Committee by April 15. Over the next months, the student reads in preparation for the exams and meets from time to time with the supervisor to discuss progress.
Years 2, 3, and 4
The candidate's schedule should be worked out in consultation with the supervisory committee, bearing in mind the deadlines laid out in the Graduate Calendar.
Some dates to remember:
- The qualifying examinations must be taken no later than May of the candidate's second year of residence.
- The prospectus for the thesis must be submitted within twelve weeks of the examinations.
- The supervisor should submit to the Chair of the Department three months ahead of the anticipated date of the oral defence, a list of three potential external examiners with a description of their qualifications to serve. The Chair will then make arrangements for the examination.
- The candidate must submit a copy of the thesis approved by the internal readers to the Faculty of Graduate Studies no later than four full weeks ahead of the scheduled defence; it must be accompanied by a thesis submission form with the signatures of the supervisory committee and Chair of the Department and follow FGS Thesis Submission guidelines.
Further information:
- Read Faculty of Graduate Studies regulations for detailed information about graduate studies programs at Dalhousie
Degree requirements
Course requirements
PhD students must satisfactorily complete six half-credit graduate seminars: three in the Fall term and three in the Winter term. If a seminar will be offered in the second year that is more closely related to the thesis area, students may defer two courses until the second year (this may, however, interfere with progress in the reading year). There is the possibility of undertaking a half-credit Directed Reading with a faculty member, subject to course selections, faculty availability, and Departmental resources. All graduate students must also complete the non-credit ENGL 8500: Professionalization seminar in the first year of the program.
Academic seminars are chosen in consultation with the Graduate Coordinator, based on student's research interests and a strong background in all periods and genres of English literature.
Second language requirement
PhD candidates must demonstrate proficiency in one language other than English. The language used to fulfill this requirement should contribute to the student's studies. French is routinely accepted; in the case of other languages, students must make a case for the relevance of the language to their studies. Students can fulfill the second language requirement in several ways. The most common is attaining a grade of C or better in a university-level class or classes approved by the Graduate Co-ordinator. Another is passing a language examination set or approved by the department (such as the French placement exam available on the Dalhousie French department's website). Students who have strong proficiency in a language but without the evidence listed above may try to make a case to the Graduate Committee for exemption from formal testing or class work.
Within four weeks of a student's successful completion of the qualifying examination, the student and supervisor will meet to discuss the student's likely dissertation topic. The Graduate Committee, in consultation with the supervisor and student, will appoint a supervisory committee.
Within twelve weeks of passing the qualifying examinations, the candidate must submit to the Supervisory Committee a prospectus for the thesis. The prospectus should be about 1000-1500 words long. It should consist of an introduction to the topic and the approach, a general outline of the central issues and methods, and a bibliography of works bearing on the project. The proposal is meant to be exploratory and open to reasonable change in focus, rather than comprehensive and complete in its analysis.
The candidate must then submit the prospectus to the Graduate Committee, approved and signed by the supervisor and supervisory committee. The Graduate Committee will then consider the prospectus for further approval, and return the prospectus to the student within three weeks. The Graduate Committee's written comments will be made available to the supervisor and the student at that time.
Once the Graduate Committee has approved the prospectus, the supervisory committee will meet with the student to agree upon a procedure by which the student will submit the thesis to members of the committee. Some supervisory committees may wish to see each chapter as it is written, while others may wish to wait for a completed draft, or they may come to some other mutually satisfactory arrangement – but the committee must agree on how to proceed.
In the term following the approval of their thesis proposals, PhD candidates will be expected to present their projects to the Department at large at one of the Friday afternoon talks. In general, these candidates will present on the same day; each presentation should be approximately twenty minutes in length and will be followed by a question and answer period.
The thesis itself should be between 75,000 and 100,000 words, excluding notes, bibliography, and most appendices. It should make a significant contribution to knowledge; the regulations of the Graduate Faculty require that it "must display original scholarship expressed in satisfactory literary form consistent with the discipline concerned and be of such value as to merit publication." Once it has been revised to meet the requirements of the supervisor, it must be submitted to the second and third readers within the Department, and then revised to meet their requirements. It is the responsibility of the doctoral candidate to:
• Obtain the consent of his/her supervisory committee to begin the search for an external examiner. The supervisory committee must inform the Chair of their consent to begin the search for an external examiner no later than three months prior the anticipated defense date.
• Deliver one unbound copy of the completed thesis (the External Examiner's copy), the Ph.D. Thesis Submission Form, and a c.v. to the Faculty of Graduate Studies, and four additional copies to the Graduate Co-ordinator in the Department no later than one month prior to the defense date.
• Make sure the abstract of the thesis (maximum length of 300 words) is sumitted electronically to the Faculty of Graduate Studies for the thesis defence notice.
The supervisor must approach the Chair of the Department about the defence a minimum of three months in advance, and must suggest possible external examiners. The Chair of the Department contacts and arranges for an external examiner; the Chair's choice is approved and the external examiner invited by the Faculty of Graduate Studies. The Department requires that the MLA Handbook be used as a guide to presentation of theses; it is the candidate's responsibility to get the most recent regulations on the format of the thesis from the Office of the Faculty of Graduate Studies, and to make sure that the thesis meets the regulations. The candidate must take one unbound copy of the thesis to the Office of the Faculty of Graduate Studies one full month in advance of the scheduled defence so that it can be shipped to the external examiner; it must be accompanied by the thesis submission form with appropriate signatures. At the same time, the candidate must bring four unbound copies of the thesis to the Department of English, to be read by the supervisor, by the second and third readers, by a fourth reader (all internal readers are to be approved by the Graduate Committee), and by the Chair of the Department.
The defence is chaired by a faculty member designated by the Faculty of Graduate Studies, and is open to anyone interested. Those entitled to examine the candidate are the external examiner, the supervisor, the second and third readers, all with some expertise in the field of the thesis; the fourth or "departmental" reader, from a field of expertise other than that of the thesis; and the Chair of the Department, whose principal role is to see that there is fair play, and who consequently may choose not to take part in the questioning. The examination normally runs about two hours, and opens with a summary statement of about twenty minutes made by the candidate before questioning begins. After the questioning, the candidate and observers are asked to withdraw, and a decision is immediately reached. Theses may be assessed as "approved" or "not approved." A thesis can be accepted as is; accepted with specific corrections (within a set time, but not to exceed six months), rejected with permission to submit a revised thesis (within twelve months); or rejected. Candidates should read section 10 (Thesis Regulations) of the Faculty of Graduate Studies Regulations for further information on the thesis and its defence.
The candidate must submit their approved thesis electronically, and deliver hard copy of the signature sheet, to the Office of the Faculty of Graduate Studies in time to meet the deadlines for convocation as spelled out in the Graduate Calendar.
Graduate seminars
PhD candidates must satisfactorily complete six half-year graduate seminars; three in the Fall and three in the Winter plus the professional development class.
- At least one half seminar, and preferably two halves, must be in the area in which the student will write the thesis.
- At least one seminar must be in a field unrelated to the thesis area.
- One half or one full seminar may be taken from another Department, where the student's thesis plans make such a choice appropriate, with prior approval from the Graduate Committee.
- One half or one full seminar may be a reading course in the thesis area, if a regular seminar is not being offered, if the student is able to persuade a member of the Department to offer the reading course, and if that faculty member submits a schedule of work to be done and methods of assessment that are approved by the Graduate Committee. (Where the enrolment in a listed graduate seminar is below three non-auditing students, the instructor is entitled by Department regulation to change the seminar into a reading course. The instructor will inform the Graduate Committee of the decision and students may then, but need not, transfer into another seminar.)
If an appropriate seminar in the thesis area is not available until the candidate's second year, seminars may be spread over two years. At least three full seminars or equivalent from the whole body of graduate seminars, including those done for the MA, must normally be outside the area of concentration of studies.
Seminar Assesment
The possible grades in the Faculty of Graduate Studies are A+, A, A-, B+, B, B-, FM (marginal failure), F, incomplete and ill. A minimum of "B-" is required for credit. Dalhousie Graduate Fellowships are contingent upon students maintaining good standing in the program, and good standing is normally interpreted as obtaining credit for all graduate classes (i.e., "B-" or higher). Students are also advised that their overall average is more important than any single standing in a given class. Instructors of the graduate classes provide their students, usually at the beginning of the term, with a clear breakdown of the method of evaluation to be used.
Instructors may have policies regarding extensions or late essays. The issuing of "incomplete" is at the discretion of the instructor. In any case, the Registrar automatically converts all "incomplete" grades to "F" at the end of the month subsequent to that in which the seminar ended. "Ill" grades can only be issued if students provide adequate medical documentation. Passing grades in ancillary courses (by which term is usually meant undergraduate language courses taken at Dalhousie to fulfill the language requirement) include all grades from B- to A+. The grade IP (for in progress) is assigned to the thesis until it is completed.
Professional development
All first year graduate students must complete ENGL 8500, a non-credit seminar focusing on professional development. As well as introducing graduate students to the principles and practices of effective teaching, the professional development seminar offers sessions on public speaking and paper presentation, career options, and on thesis prospectuses and grant proposals. The seminar features a number of guest speakers addressing topics from application letters to careers in publishing.
The pedagogical component, which takes up much of the first term, focuses on training TAs to assist in delivering the Department's first and second-year curriculum. The class offers explicit instruction in teaching writing and teaching literature, concentrating on best practices in evaluating student work and strategies for leading successful tutorials.
PhD students who have completed their qualifying examinations are eligible to teach up to 4 half-credit classes as the primary instructor, schedule and budget permitting.
Transfer from MA to PhD
There is no automatic transfer to the PhD program from the MA program.
Comprehensive Exams
Before beginning thesis work, candidates must pass a set of qualifying examinations, designed to ensure their broad understanding of the field in which they are about to pursue specialized research.
The PhD qualifying examinations are designed to test a candidate's knowledge of his or her declared area of specialty. The reading that is normally done in preparation for these exams is expected to serve the candidate as a foundation for his or her professional career as both teacher and scholar within this specialty. Such reading should therefore not be treated as preparation merely for writing the dissertation, but as an important step toward gaining a thorough knowledge of the primary materials that are taught and studied in any one of the main specializations currently recognized within the discipline of English.
By January 15, students must submit an "Intent to Qualify" form to the Graduate Co-ordinator specifying the list on which they choose to be examined. By the end of the year of coursework, PhD candidates should seek out a supervisor for the qualifying examinations (this supervisor is normally the same as the supervisor of the thesis).
The Department makes available to candidates standard lists of such primary materials in each specialty. These lists are designed to reflect current thinking in the specialty as to the nature, selection and proportions of these materials. Candidates should use these lists in order to guide their reading in preparation for the exams, with the understanding that the scope of their examinations will be restricted to the materials identified on these lists. Most current lists include on average the equivalent of about 75 full-length items (novels, plays, collections of poetry, prose works, works of criticism, etc.) This figure can vary considerably between specialties, as some fields have traditionally required preparation in a broad array of material, while others have demanded more concentrated study of a smaller number of items. Candidates, in consultation with their supervisors, may revise and "tailor" up to a quarter of the standard list within their declared specialty—once again, with a view not to the dissertation but to their particular professional interests. Any revisions must be formally approved by the supervisor and the Graduate Committee; proposed revisions must be submitted to the Graduate Co-ordinator by April 15 of the first year in the Ph.D. program.
Preparation for the qualifying exams should be conducted as a collaborative effort between the student and his or her supervisor. Students should expect to meet with their supervisor at least once a month during the reading year; some supervisors may recommend more frequent meetings, especially as the exams draw nearer. Students are also encouraged to meet with other members of the examining committee. These meetings are opportunities to measure and plan progress through the reading list, to benefit from the expertise and guidance of faculty members, and to practice the kind of critical discussion expected in the exams themselves. Students and supervisors share the responsibility of developing a productive schedule.
These examinations must be taken no later than May of the second year. They take place over three days. On the first and second days, the candidate writes a three and a half hour examination set by three examiners expert in the field, one being the supervisor. After the second day's examination, supervisor and second and third examiner evaluate the two scripts and decide (by majority vote) whether the candidate has passed or failed. The supervisor notifies the candidate of the results. If the candidate has failed, she or he may take the examination again within six months. If the candidate has passed, she or he proceeds the next day to the oral examination. The oral portion is approximately two hours long. It is normally chaired by the Graduate Co-ordinator,or a designate. There are four examiners, the three experts in the field and a fourth member of the Department, the list of whom must be approved by the Graduate Committee; the Chair of the examination is also entitled to ask questions. After the examination, the candidate is asked to withdraw, and the examining committee immediately discusses and votes on the performance. Decision is by majority vote of the four examiners, with the Chair of the examination voting only to break a tie. The candidate is immediately informed if the result is pass or fail. If the candidate has failed, he or she may take the oral examination again within six months; a candidate will not be allowed to go on to work on the thesis until the examinations are passed. A second failure in either the written portion of the examination or the oral portion disqualifies the candidate from the program.


text:
The backstory or "The part you skip because you do not care about it"
What's a good introduction without a backstory?
When I started working with PHP and WordPress about eight years ago, my first line of PHP was a PHPUnit test.
I only wrote code using TDD in my previous career, and really thought one could not write PHP code without testing it.
I look back at that time smiling: there are, indeed, people out there somewhere that do write code without writing tests for it.
As I spent time working on more WordPress projects and with more teams, I appreciated some factors that have not changed but softened my stance on testing.
First, writing automated tests for WordPress is not that widely documented, and the wider community is not that "into it". I've seen some talks at WordCamps about testing, but not that many. Mind: there are developers that do that, just not so many to tip the scale of the typical WordPress conversation; if you're doing it, you've got all my appreciation.
Second, there are tools and frameworks out there that will make testing WordPress easier; wp-browser objective is precisely that. Still, there are wide cracks in how they allow different types of testing to be covered, and if a developer's need falls in one of those cracks, then that developer will have to do a lot of research and problem solving to get anything done. When one masters the instrument, then the payoff will be immense, but that's a steep price to pay to start.
Third: most testing tools will work well on new projects and either impose a "refactoring tax" on the existing code to provide any meaningful return or outright not allow it.
With a touch of gatekeeping and elitism, all of the above pushes well-intentioned, but inexpert, people away from adopting tests far too often by conflating adoption and maintenance price into, simply, too high a price to pay to "just test code".
One test is better than none
When consulting with companies trying to adopt testing approaches, my first step is usually to demystify testing.
Sure, 100% coverage would be excellent; automated builds and flawless documentation of all the possible features and scenarios would be great to have, and blazing fast regression coverage would be even better.
But a developer, or a team of developers, has built something that does solve people problems; how can this be
so bad?
Would we be having this conversation if we could run a command like magic-test-all-my-code
without any further input, with complete test coverage and checks? Probably not, in most cases.
Ease of setup, adoption, and use, I think, is fundamental to frame this kind of conversations; if I could write
magic testing frameworks, I would. I cannot, sadly.
So, in short, the ork
project is my attempt at creating the testing solution I would have liked to find when I first
got into PHP and WordPress development.
The first PHP and WordPress code I wrote was a messy blob in the theme functions.php
file; it took me some time
to be able to run tests for it. Like most, the first code they write will not be "new" code but will rely on differing
levels of legacy code.
And I've run into a lot of that in the WordPress universe.
What is ork then?
This post is not by chance titled "Building ork": I have not built it yet.
Not all of it, at least.
How would ork
compare to wp-browser and Codeception?
That much is clear: ork
is not a power tool.
Its objective is not to cover all the possible testing requirements but to allow someone that "just wants to start
testing" to do that with as little knowledge required as possible.
It's my take on the idea of getting more (testing) bang for the buck.
And then I'm building it from scratch. In Node. Cross-compiling binaries for different operating systems. And it will support PHP and JS syntax to write tests.
What could go wrong?
Getting down to business
All this boring introduction to get to the first line of code.
The first decision I took, as anticipated above, is to ship ork
as a cross-compiled executable for Windows, Linux, and Mac.
This decision comes from my experience in maintaining wp-browser and from the pain caused by keeping compatibility with a sizable matrix including different PHP, WordPress, Codeception, and Composer versions. I love the project, but I would like to avoid this particular pain.
After some research, I've settled on using Node and pkg to write once and compile something that should work on all operating systems.
I forgot what using something that is just one file feels like in years of package management with PHP and JS.
After some project scaffolding, here is the src/bin.ts
file that will act as the entry point of my application; a
very humble "Hello World" type of message:
console.log('Hello ork!');
I've decided to use Typescript to develop the project to leverage its compile-time type-checking.
As it's been the norm for my development projects for some time now, I've set up a Docker image
to create a portable development system.
This is the Dockerfile
of the node
image I will be using over and over to run and compile the code:
# Use LTS version of node.
FROM node:${NODE_VERSION}
# Make npm cache, the node modules and /usr/bin/lib accessible by all.
RUN mkdir /.npm \
&& mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/node_modules \
&& chown -R 501:0 /.npm \
&& chmod -R 0777 /usr/local/
# Change the user to my user to avoid file mode issues.
# Install the required build dependencies.
RUN npm install -g typescript pkg dts-gen prettier
# pkg will require caching to not take forever.
# No default entrypoint or command, overwrite the default ones.
# Expose debugging port.
To streamline the build process as much as I can, I've set up a Makefile
to be used with the make
with a collection of solutions I've accumulated over time:
# Use bash as shell.
SHELL := /bin/bash
# If you see pwd_unknown showing up, this is why. Re-calibrate your system.
PWD ?= pwd_unknown
# PROJECT_NAME defaults to name of the current directory.
PROJECT_NAME = $(notdir $(PWD))
# Suppress `make` own output.
# Make `build` the default target to make sure it will display when make is called without a target.
.DEFAULT_GOAL := build test
# Create a script to support command line arguments for targets.
# The specified targets will be callable like this `make target_w_args_1 -- foo bar 23`.
# In the target, use the `$(TARGET_ARGS)` var to get the arguments.
# To get the nth argument, use `export TARGET_ARG_2="$(word 2,$(TARGET_ARGS))";`.
SUPPORTED_COMMANDS := node_machine node npm
SUPPORTS_MAKE_ARGS := $(findstring $(firstword $(MAKECMDGOALS)), $(SUPPORTED_COMMANDS))
ifneq "$(SUPPORTS_MAKE_ARGS)" ""
TARGET_ARGS := $(wordlist 2,$(words $(MAKECMDGOALS)),$(MAKECMDGOALS))
$(eval $(TARGET_ARGS):;@:)
# Set up some defaults.
# Any target commented with `## <description>` will show on `make help`.
help: ## Show this help message.
@grep -E '^[a-zA-Z0-9\._-]+:.*?## .*$$' $(MAKEFILE_LIST) \
| sort \
| awk 'BEGIN {FS = ":.*?## "}; {printf "\033[36m%-30s\033[0m %s\n", $$1, $$2}'
.PHONY: help
build: ts pkg ## Builds the ork application.
pkg: ## Packages the application.
docker run --volume "$(PWD):$(PWD)" -w "$(PWD)" ork-app/node pkg package.json
_docker/node/uuid: _docker/node/Dockerfile
[ -d "$(PWD)/.cache/pkg" ] || mkdir -p "$(PWD)/.cache/pkg"
docker build \
--build-arg NODE_VERSION="$(NODE_VERSION)" \
--build-arg UID="$${UID}" \
--build-arg GID="$${GID}" \
--build-arg NODE_PKG_CACHE_PATH="$(PWD)/.cache/pkg" \
--tag ork-app/node:latest \
--iidfile _docker/node/uuid \
## Build the node image, if not built already.
ts: _docker/node/uuid
docker run --volume "$(PWD):$(PWD)" -w "$(PWD)" ork-app/node tsc
.PHONY: ts
node_machine: _docker/node/uuid ## Runs a generic command in the node container.
docker run --volume "$(PWD):$(PWD)" -w "$(PWD)" ork-app/node $(TARGET_ARGS)
node: _docker/node/uuid ## Runs a node command, e.g. `make node -- <command>`.
docker run --volume "$(PWD):$(PWD)" -w "$(PWD)" ork-app/node node $(TARGET_ARGS)
npm: _docker/node/uuid ## Runs a npm command, e.g. `make npm -- <command>`.
docker run --volume "$(PWD):$(PWD)" -w "$(PWD)" ork-app/node npm "$(TARGET_ARGS)"
Whit these files in place, building the cross-system application is as easy as running make build
» make build
> email@example.com
Following the configuration in the package.json
file, the executables for Windows, Linux, and macOS
have been created in the dist
Running the command on macOS and Linux, I will get the following output:
» ./dist/ork-macos
Hello ork
The same will happen in the Windows terminal:
Hello ork
This might not look like much, but it lays the foundation for the flow I would like to adopt to develop the application.
Adding tests
There is almost nothing in the current CLI application that will warrant testing.
That is precisely why adding tests at this stage will be so cheap and convenient.
The tests I'm setting up for the CLI application, let's call it "acceptance" testing or
"end-to-end" testing for the sake of analogy of what I would do while developing a Web application, are
tests that will run the compiled ork
binary in a sub-process and check its output and side effects.
For that, I've chosen to use the command-line-test
package and the mocha
testing framework.
To keep with the portability and reproducibility theme, I've set up two additional make
targets to
execute the tests in the node container with, and without, remote Node debugger support:
test_debug: _docker/node/uuid ## Runs the tests in debug mode, port
docker run -i --volume "$(PWD):$(PWD)" -w "$(PWD)" -p "9229:9229" ork-app/node node --inspect-brk=0.0.0.0 \
node_modules/mocha/bin/mocha \ --timeout 0 --ui bdd
.PHONY: test_debug
test: _docker/node/uuid ## Runs the tests.
docker run -i --volume "$(PWD):$(PWD)" -w "$(PWD)" ork-app/node node \
node_modules/mocha/bin/mocha --timeout 0 --ui bdd
.PHONY: test
I wrote a first test just to confirm the setup works correctly:
const {orkBin} = require('./_support.js');
const CliTest = require('command-line-test');
const assert = require('assert');
describe('hello ork', function () {
it('should display hello ork', async function () {
const cliTest = new CliTest();
const {error, stdout, stderr} = await cliTest.spawn(orkBin);
assert(error === null, error);
assert(stdout !== null);
assert(stdout === 'Hello ork\n', stdout);
In case you're wondering, the _support.js
file will only provide me with a portable solution to find the compiled
binary depending on the system the tests are running on:
const os = require('os');
const osName = require('os-name')(os.platform(), os.release()).substr(0, 3);
const locateBin = function () {
let binPostfix;
switch (osName) {
case 'mac':
binPostfix = 'macos';
case 'win':
binPostfix = 'win.exe';
binPostfix = 'linux';
return __dirname + `/../dist/ork-${binPostfix}`;
module.exports = {
orkBin: locateBin()
I'm closing this first post on the passing test output:
» make test
hello ork
✓ should display hello ork (408ms)
1 passing (414ms)
In my next post, I will start working on the actual code laying out the pieces of my application one by one as I develop the application concept.


text:
Northern Lights Display to feature festive illumination shows for Winter holidays
November 30th, 2022
National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence Against Women among initiatives to be amplified in December
VANCOUVER, BC – BC Place is getting into the holiday spirit this December with a number of festive illumination shows on deck for the iconic Northern Lights Display.
Highlights include: the Salgirah Show on December 13, the Menorah Show for Hanukkah beginning on December 18, the Holiday Show starting on December 22, the Kwanzaa Show on December 26, and the New Year's Show on December 31.
As the temperature drops across the province, the illumination will also feature a number of seasonal animations, including the Snowfall Show on December 7, and the Northern Lights Show for Winter Solstice on December 21.
The stadium illumination will continue to promote community initiatives during the month, beginning with World AIDS Day and Project Red Ribbon, MADD Canada's annual awareness campaign to promote sober driving during the holiday season. On December 6, BC Place will glow in white for National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence Against Women to remember those who have experienced gender-based violence and those who lost their lives to it.
BC Place is recognized around the world as a landmark of Vancouver's skyline and a place of pride for all British Columbians. Besides enhancing the overall guest experience during events, the stadium's Northern Lights Display is used to amplify important causes that impact our community.
Below is the complete Northern Lights Display schedule for December (subject to change).
December 1: red for Canada MNT World Cup match + World AIDS Day + Project Red Ribbon
December 2: purple for International Day of Persons with Disabilities (December 3)
December 3: yellow & green for Subway Bowl
December 4: red for International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development (December 5)
December 6: white for National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence Against Women
December 7-8: Snowfall Show
December 9: blue for Human Rights Day (December 10)
December 11-12: Winter Show
December 13: Salgirah Show
December 14-17: Northern Lights Show
December 18-20: Menorah Show for Hanukkah
December 21: Northern Lights Show for Winter Solstice
December 22-25: Holiday Show
December 26-27: red, black, & green for Kwanzaa
December 31: New Year's Eve Show


text:
GEROLD, JULIUS (1922-2017), passed on June 14. Cremation was private.
Predeceased by his loving wife Elizabeth and son, Tibor. Survived by daughter Ruth Theresa Gerold Slovik; son, Walter Gerold (Jacqueline); grandchildren Allison Slovik and Robbie Slovik and Julia Gerold Mattar (Maroon), Christopher Gerold (Sandra), and Marissa Gerold Hoehn (Christian); great-grandchildren Jackie and Leila Mattar, Gianna and Alana Hoehn, and Giacomo, Massimo, and Serafina Gerold.
Born in Serbia, he ended up in Germany as a displaced person, unable to return to his homeland, after WWII. He met and married Elizabeth Freund in the displaced – persons camp run by the US military. They emigrated to the United States in 1952. They lived and raised a family in Lodi from 1959 to 1984.
Julius worked his entire career in the textile industry in Northern New Jersey and retired in 1984, at which time he and Elizabeth moved to Holiday City in Toms River. They were active in the Pinelands Reformed Church there.
A memorial service will be held at 11 AM on Saturday, June 24 at the Adult Day Center of Somerset County at 872 East Main Street, Bridgewater, NJ for friends and family to remember his life. All are welcome.
Tributes are short messages commemorating Julius, or an expression of support to his closest family and friends. Leave your first tribute here, and others will follow.