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The launch of Mumpreneur Evolution: On our terms
Mums share their business stories in my new book!
"Female entrepreneurs with children said that primary care responsibilities are the #1 barrier to further business success"
(Rose Review of Female Entrepreneurship, HM Treasury 2019)
A mumpreneur is a female entrepreneur who combines running a business with looking after her children. The word has caused some controversy, but many women find it the perfect term to describe how they have chosen to live their lives.
They have made a conscious decision not to replace a 60 hour a week corporate job with a 60 hour a week business, but instead to create flexible businesses which allows them to also be the primary carer for their children.
A business on their terms.
Mumpreneur Evolution is a collection of insightful and inspiring interviews with 23 women who share their journeys of overcoming self doubt, feeling like an imposter, and how they have successfully designed a business that works for them.
Managing the juggle
You will learn what's worked - as well as what hasn't - for these women as they launched and grew businesses alongside raising a family. They share how they have adapted to overcome challenges, dealt with mum guilt, imposter syndrome and gaps in their knowledge. Each woman shares her tips on how to manage that common challenge: the work/life juggle!
Felicity Sandford, Founder of Amazing Futures Ltd and one of many mumpreneurs connecting with their business on a new level, said: "I love being a mumpreneur. I take my business very seriously and I am passionate about it in a way I never was about my corporate career"
Mumpreneurship is the future
Mumpreneurs should not be underestimated. Figures show that, collectively, they are driving the UK's economic growth. According to a report published by Think Tank Development Economics, in 2014 these power women generated £7.2 billion in revenue for the nation and supported over 200,000 jobs. By 2025, the Mumpreneur economy is expected to generate £9.5 billion for the UK.
Covid-19 and family finances
Now, with the hugely disruptive economic impact of Covid-19, it's likely we can expect to see a steep rise in the number of women becoming Mumpreneurs. Many families are already having to reassess their expectations of income, and rethinking their values and lifestyles.
In this empowering new book, you'll meet professional high-fliers who gave up corporate careers to create and grow flexible businesses, women who started their businesses with babies in their arms, women who realised there was a gap in the market which they could fill, and women who are building businesses whilst solo-parenting.
Some have exceeded their previous salaries, and created successful franchises generating employment opportunities for other women at home.
Elizabeth Lusty, Founder of Love2Sing Choirs said: "In 2019 I realised I had done it - I had earned the full time salary I had in my old job working 40 hours. I did this whilst working on average 3.5 days a week, plus I have 3 members of staff and my business is growing. My salary now equals and will soon surpass my husband's full time wage. I pay myself a proper salary every month and it feels awesome"
My hope is that by reading this book you'll see how possible it is for you too. How you can overcome your self doubt, how you can carve your own path, and how you too can become a happy and successful business owner working on your own terms.
Mumpreneur Evolution is available as a Kindle or paperback on Amazon.


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The gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is among the most complex systems in the body. It has a diverse commensal microbiome challenged continuously by food and microbial components while delivering essential nutrients and defending against pathogens. For these reasons, regulatory cells and receptors are likely to play a central role in maintaining the gut mucosal homeostasis. Recent lessons from cancer immunotherapy point out the critical role of the B7 negative co-stimulator PD-L1 in mucosal homeostasis. In this entry, we summarize the current knowledge supporting the critical role of PD-L1 in gastrointestinal mucosal tolerance and how abnormalities in its expression and signaling contribute to gut inflammation and cancers. Abnormal expression of PD-L1 and/or the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathways have been observed in the pathology of the GI tract. We also discuss the current gap in our knowledge with regards to PD-L1 signaling in the GI tract under homeostasis and pathology. Finally, we summarize the current understanding of how this pathway is currently targeted to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
The intestinal tract is a complicated and well-orchestrated system, comprising different types of cells, including dendritic cells (DC), macrophages, T cells, B cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), as well as epithelial, mesenchymal, and endothelial cells. The tightly regulated interactions between those cells segregate commensal microbes and maintain a balance to ensure tissue health and regeneration. The continuous crosstalk between gut microbiota and the host gastrointestinal (GI) tract supports a well-balanced relationship between gut microbes and the host's immune system [1]. One of the major processes in intestinal homeostasis, which controls local inflammatory responses in the gut, is mucosal tolerance [2].
Over the last decade, signaling through the B7 negative co-stimulator, PD-L1, has emerged as a key mechanism for the mucosal tolerance in the gut [3]. The engagement of PD-1 on T cells by PD-L1 inhibits the activation and proliferation of effector T cells [4], inducing those producing inflammatory IFN-g and IL-17A cytokines. Furthermore, PD-L1 has been shown to induce regulatory T cells (Tregs) [5][6]. PD-L1 expression is normally upregulated during inflammation to prevent overt tissue damage [3]. The importance of this molecule in regulating immune responses in the intestinal tract and maintaining tolerance was established in animal models using PD-L1 and/or PD-1 knockouts and transgenic mice [7]. Abnormal expression of PD-L1 and/or PD-L1/PD-1 signaling have been observed in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) [8][9][10][11][12][13], Helicobacter pylori chronic infection [14][15] celiac disease [16], and GI cancers [17][18][19][20]. Studies in preclinical models and clinical data suggest that PD-L1 may serve as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in several GI chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. PD-1 blockade has been shown to reinvigorate exhausted T cells, providing enhanced anti-tumor responses [21]. These observations have led to the development of an anti-cancer immune checkpoint therapy targeting PD-L1/PD-1 signaling [5][22]. Importantly, gastrointestinal adverse events following immune checkpoint blockade in cancer patients point out the importance of the baseline expression of these molecules in gut homeostasis [23][24]. At the same time, targeting immune checkpoints in given subgroups of IBD patients with an abnormality in PD-L1 signaling was proposed as a target for the development of better personalized therapeutic approaches [25].
Over the last decade, studies have shown that PD-L1/PD-1 signaling is critical to regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses in gut mucosa under homeostasis. The expression of PD-L1 by non-hematopoietic cells is suggested to regulate self-reactive T cells or B cells and inflammatory responses in the gut and its associated gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALTs) [5][26]. PD-L1-positive stromal cells were reported to inhibit granzyme B production in CD8+ T effector cells in vitro [27]. PD-L1-mediated signaling on the mesenchymal component of the mucosal lamina propria has been shown to suppress IFN-γ and IL-17A producing T helper (Th) cell responses in the colon [12][28][29]. In general, PD-L1 has been shown to regulate the development, maintenance, and function of inducible Foxp3+ Treg in vitro and in vivo [6].
The basal level of PD-L1 expression was detected under homeostasis in both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. For example, using immunohistochemistry on the paraffin-embedded tissue, Mezache et al. demonstrated a high basal expression of PD-L1 by epithelial cells within the gastric gland [30]. We reported the expression of PD-L1 on both mRNA and protein levels within mucosal lamina propria in the small intestine and colon [11]. In particular, the constitutive expression of PD-L1 has been reported for small intestinal and colonic epithelial cells and suggested to be critical in the epithelial mediated control over proliferation of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells [8]. Our group observed that within the colonic mucosa, CD90+ mesenchymal cells were the major cells expressing surface PD-L1 in the normal human colon [11], and suggested the role of that molecule in maintaining immune tolerance in the intestinal tract [12][28]. A similar observation was made by us for murine colonic mucosa, where activated mesenchymal cells, known as α-SMA+ myofibroblasts, were the major cells expressing PD-L1 [28].
The expression of PD-L1 and its receptor PD-1 was found to be significant in the germinal centers of the Peyer's Patches (PPs). PD-L1 was found to be abundantly expressed by dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells, and upregulated in plasma cells, while T cells were major expressors of PD-1 [31]. Additionally, PD-L1/PD-1-mediated signaling was suggested to be critical in the regulation of the plasma cell responses. Lack of the PD-L1 receptor, PD-1, in mice leads to an excess of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells with altered phenotypes resulting in a dysregulated selection of IgA precursor cells in the germinal centers of PPs [32]. This signaling pathway was shown to be critical to the maintenance of a healthy microbiome through the regulation of the IgA selection [31][32]. Indeed, PD-1KO mice have a dramatically alteration in microbiota such as increases in Erysipelotrichaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Alcaligenaceae, while Bifidobacterium and Bacteroidaceae were undetectable. PD-1 deficiency was shown to affect the selection of IgAs in the gut that resulted in the reduced bacteria-binding capacity of IgA [31]. Furthermore, blocking of PD-L1 during activation of T cells with Staphylococcus aureus was reported to reduce the induction of Foxp3+CD25+CD127low T cells [33]. Additionally, while less studied, PD-L1:B7-1-mediated interactions between the non-hematopoietic components of the colonic mucosa and macrophages were suggested to control intestinal inflammatory responses [34]. Recent evidence suggests that PD-L1 also contributes to the regulation of innate lymphoid cell 2 (ILC2), ILC3, and small intestinal lamina propria lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cell function [35] Indeed, PD-L1 deficiency on ILC2s disrupts Th2 polarization and cytokine production, leading to delayed worm expulsion during infection with the gastrointestinal helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis [36].
The critical role of gut mucosal PD-L1 in tolerogenic responses under homeostasis was pointed out by Reiynoso et al. [37]. Using an iFABP-tOVA transgenic mouse model, in which OVA was expressed as a self-Ag throughout the small intestine and an adoptive transfer of naive OVA-specific CD8+ T cells, it was demonstrated that abolishing PD-L1/PD-1 signaling resulted in a break of intestinal tolerance to intestinal self-Ag and induced CD8+ T cell-mediated autoimmune enteritis [37].
Despite advances in our understanding of the contribution of PD-L1 to gut mucosal tolerance, significant gaps remain in our knowledge of how this molecule's expression is regulated during gut homeostasis. We previously reported that signaling through MyD88-dependent TLRs is required to maintain PD-L1 expression on mesenchymal stromal cells in the normal colonic mucosa [28]. The expression of PD-L1 is upregulated by several inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Indeed, an increase in PD-L1 by IFN-γ was reported in several studies on macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes [38][39][40][41]] as well as on mesenchymal and epithelial cells [8][11]. Importantly, this cytokine was earlier reported to be produced by lymphocytes under homeostasis, in particular in duodenum [42]. TGF-β, which plays a critical role in the colonic mucosal tolerance [43], has also been suggested to be important in the expression of PD-L1 by DCs in the colon [44]. Thus, while further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms contributing to the regulation of PD-L1 expression and its interaction with other positive and negative B7 co-stimulators, it is clear that the maintenance of the basal level of PD-L1 is critical to gut homeostasis.
PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and PD-L1 and PD-1 expression on immune cells are key mechanisms by which tumor cells escape anti-tumor immune surveillance via the suppression of the anti-tumor effector T cell response [22]. PD-L1 expression is significantly increased in several solid tumors, including microsatellite instability (MSI) colon cancer [45][46]. At the same time, in some colorectal cancers, PD-L1 is only expressed on tumor-infiltrating cells and is rarely found on tumor cells [46]. This places great significance on the role of PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment. Indeed, stromal PD-L1 was associated with less aggressive tumor progression in colon cancer patients and better survival [18].
Nowadays, immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a remarkable treatment option for diverse cancer types. However, a significant number of patients on checkpoint inhibitors develop immune-related adverse events (irAEs), affecting a wide variety of organs [47]. The most common adverse events of checkpoint blockade are gastrointestinal-adverse events [48][49]. Immune checkpoint-induced colitis (ICI colitis) is considered a distinct form of colitis with an acute onset and rapid progression, which leads to potential complications, including bowel perforation [50]. This type of side effect usually develops within the first few weeks or months after start of treatment but can occur at any time, including after stopping immune checkpoint blockade therapy [51].
A dominant feature of ICI-active colitis is the neutrophilic infiltration, crypt microabscesses, and prominent crypt epithelial cell apoptosis. However, a lymphocytic colitis-like pattern with increased intraepithelial lymphocytes was also observed [50][52]. Remarkably, PD-L1/PD-1 expression depended on ICI colitis recurring as a chronic histological manifestation consisting of basal lymphoplasmacytosis, crypt architectural irregularity, and a case of Paneth cell metaplasia, all reminiscent of IBD [53]. Also similar to IBD, ICI colitis is characterized by immunological changes, such as (1) CD4+ T cells predominant mucosal lamina propria infiltrate, and Th1/Th17 upregulation with normal Th2 expression (observed as well in CD); (2) elevated expression TNF-α and TNFR-like proteins (observed in both, CD and UC); and (3) mucosal abnormality in the expression of Foxp3 and IL-10 (observed in both, CD and UC) [48].
Recent data demonstrated the critical role of microbiota in predicting the development of ICI colitis and impacting the expression of PD-L1 and/or its receptor PD-1 [48]. While further studies are required to evaluate the safety of the use of probiotics in cancer patients, the use of probiotics may be helpful to render tumors sensitive to the PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint therapy through the modulation of expression of these molecules. However, there is a gap in our knowledge when it comes to understanding the impact of gut microbiota on PD-L1 expression and regulation of PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. However, recent studies demonstrated that the commensal enteric strain of Escherichia coli K12 upregulated PD-L1 in IFN-γ sensitized colonic cancer epithelial cell lines, and that this process was NF-κB-dependent [54]. Interestingly, the same study showed that E. coli strain L20, which was isolated from a CD patient, did not affect PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, another commensal strain, Enterococcus faecalis, even significantly inhibited PD-L1 expression [54]. Other groups recently demonstrated that commensal strain of Pediococcus pentosaceus sp. derived extracellular membrane vesicles upregulated PD-L1 on bone marrow-derived macrophages and bone marrow progenitor cells in culture and induced recruitment of PD-L1-expressing myeloid cells to the wound site in vivo [55]. Furthermore, the probiotic strain of Bifidobacterium infantis has been shown to upregulate PD-L1 in a model of acute murine colitis [56]. Thus, a further understanding of the interactions between the gut microbiome and PD-1 ligands is needed as a potential avenue to modulate these immune checkpoints in IBD and ICI.
Patients with autoimmune disease or immune-related predisposition, such as IBD, have been excluded from most immune checkpoint clinical trials because of the potential for increased toxicity [57]. Indeed, gastrointestinal adverse events, such as diarrhea, in patients with underlying IBD who received immune checkpoint inhibitors, are at high risk [58]. Notwithstanding, treatment with anti-PD-1 antibodies in melanoma patients induce relatively frequent immune toxicities in patients with baseline autoimmunity/chronic inflammatory diseases or prior immune-related adverse events. However, recurrence of ICI colitis was rare even in patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases that were treated with TNF-α inhibitors [59]. Therefore, the benefits versus risks of the PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapy in this population should be considered [59][57]. Together, these data suggest that preexisting autoimmune conditions are not an absolute contraindication to the immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy, but need a thoughtful approach. Thus, lessons learned from immune checkpoint therapy as well IBD preclinical models suggest that the effectiveness of at least PD-L1 blockade or its "supplementation" may be considered as a therapeutic approach in patients with chronic inflammatory disease of the gut where abnormality in PD-L1/PD-1 signals were reported. Therefore, understanding the potential of these molecules as a therapeutic target in several types of IBD and celiac disease warrants further investigation.
While dramatic progress has been made in the understanding of the role of PD-L1, in the maintenance of gut homeostasis and inflammatory disease, it is far from complete. It is clearly established that PD-L1 is critical to gut mucosal tolerance. Abnormality in PD-L1 expression and/or signaling was observed in gut chronic inflammatory diseases such as Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), celiac disease, as well chronic infections such as Helicobacter pylori (Figure 1). However, how and why these abnormalities occur and their impact on disease development and progression requires further investigation. Furthermore, a more extensive understanding of the PD-L1 intrinsic signaling in cells implicated with the discussed GI pathologies is warranted. The impact of the membrane associated versus soluble form of PD-L1 in gut health and diseases warrant further investigation. With this consideration, the role of commensal and dysbiotic microbiota in the regulation of these immune checkpoints should be further investigated. Finally, the mechanisms contributing to the regulation of PD-L1 expression and its interaction with other positive and negative B7 co-stimulators during gut homeostasis and chronic inflammatory diseases are only at the beginning of understanding. Therefore, further studies are needed to address these key gaps in the field and provide a scientific basis for the design of novel PD-L1 targeting approaches for the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease of the gut.
Figure 1. The role of PD-L1 in the gut homeostasis and pathologies which affected PD-L1 expression and/or PD-L1/PD-1 signaling.

subset: commoncrawl


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Best Innovative Companies to Own: 2022 Edition
"Disruptive innovation" can conjure up images of flying cars, lightsabers, or a brave new world. But these technologies may not be as far off as they seem.
Tech companies are using disruptive technologies like artificial intelligence to analyze large, complex datasets. Research and development in the healthcare industry has created lifesaving drug therapies and treatments. And climate change is forcing energy and utilities companies to focus on renewable energy.
Investing in such disruptive innovation can be tricky, says Dave Sekera, Morningstar's chief U.S. market strategist.
"Because disruptive technology is such a broad, wide-reaching concept, it is difficult to identify companies that fall within the group," he says.
The Morningstar Exponential Technologies Index holds about 200 stocks that Morningstar analysts expect to experience significant economic benefits from using or producing a new technology. The companies covered in this index touch on any combination of nine themes: big data and analytics, cloud computing, energy transition, financial technology innovation, healthcare innovation, hyperconnectivity, nanotechnology, next-generation transportation, and robotics. (Explore more about each theme in the index's rule book.)
But which of these companies, representing these nine emerging themes, have the competitive advantages and management teams to thrive?
Here are the 25 companies in the Morningstar Exponential Technologies Index that also made our Best Companies to Own list in 2023.
Let's take a closer look at what Morningstar thinks of Analog Devices ADI, which is exposed to four of the nine themes, tied for the most with Texas Instruments TXN among the companies on our Best Innovative Companies to Own list.
Analog Devices
Themes: Nanotechnology, hyperconnectivity, robotics, and next-generation transportation.
"Analog Devices is one of the world's largest analog chipmakers, with an especially strong position in analog signal processing chips. We think it is well positioned to profit from more advanced and higher-priced semiconductor content in automobiles, 5G wireless networking equipment, and industrial applications like medical devices and factory automation equipment in the years ahead.
"Analog chips are used to convert real-world signals, such as sound, temperature, and pressure, into digital signals that can be processed. We believe Analog Devices has a wide Morningstar Economic Moat Rating because of its proprietary analog designs and high customer switching costs; since analog chips are neither particularly expensive nor do they require cutting-edge manufacturing techniques, high-quality analog chipmakers tend to retain design wins as long as the end product is being built, all while maintaining healthy pricing and strong profitability over time.
"Most of Analog Devices' organic sales come from data converters and amplifiers used in various end markets, such as wireless base stations, and the company expanded into power management chips via its acquisitions of Linear Technology and Maxim Integrated.
"An especially promising end market for the firm continues to be the automotive sector. Semiconductors are required to enable the sensors, active safety systems, and advanced infotainment systems added to cars today. Electric vehicles have even more chip content per car, and Analog Devices is well positioned, with a market share lead in battery management systems for electric vehicles. We're also seeing a similar trend of increased chip content in industrial applications like robots, factory equipment, and medical devices. Analog Devices has tens of thousands of customers in these end markets. Further, its signal chain semiconductors will likely be prominently used in 5G wireless network equipment.
"Nonetheless, Analog Devices still faces competition in a fragmented analog market against companies with comparable chip design expertise. Further, the analog chip industry remains quite cyclical, and sales probably will continue to ebb and flow with these industry cycles over time."
—Brian Colello, director of technology equity research for Morningstar
Find the full list of companies and read about our selection methodology.
Morningstar, Inc. licenses indexes to financial institutions as the tracking indexes for investable products, such as exchange-traded funds, sponsored by the financial institution. The license fee for such use is paid by the sponsoring financial institution based mainly on the total assets of the investable product. Please click here for a list of investable products that track or have tracked a Morningstar index. Morningstar, Inc. does not market, sell, or make any representations regarding the advisability of investing in any investable product that tracks a Morningstar index.


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The ATS International Conference is known for providing the latest research in clinical, basic, and translational science in pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine. This year's conference, taking place May 19-24, will be hosted in Washington, DC. This unique location provides an array of exclusive programming opportunities.
"We are capitalizing on our presence in Washington, DC, to have sessions centered around advocacy, health equity, and disparities, along with air quality and lung health," International Conference Committee co-Chair Debra Boyer, MD, MHPE, said. "We wanted to leverage the government officials and agencies in DC to participate and be actively involved in the conference."
This year's theme for the basic science core curriculum will be focused on analyzing mechanisms that integrate responses to environmental exposures. The historic setting will provide the opportunity to incorporate policy discussions into scientific conversations.
"I think understanding what's going on from a basic science and clinical standpoint is essential, but this year's programming will also inform attendees how they can be advocates locally, regionally, and nationally to improve lung health for adults and children. Giving them the tools to do this is important," Dr. Boyer said.
"Understanding what's going on from a basic science and clinical standpoint is essential, but this year's programming will also inform attendees how they can be advocates locally, regionally, and nationally to improve lung health for adults and children."
International Conference Committee co-Chair Debra Boyer, MD, MHPE
The conference will also feature a Keynote Series presentation focused on health equity and disparities for marginalized groups in the United States and abroad. This forum, along with a number of other sessions focused on health equity, will provide an exciting opportunity for discussion around this high-impact issue among an audience with an array of global perspectives.
"The conference will open with a keynote address focused on how we as professionals can work as advocates with governments to move policy forward that addresses social injustices and biases as it relates to health care, professional opportunities, and research funding," ICC co-Chair Andrew Halayko, PhD, ATSF, said.
Another Keynote Series session will gather a panel of experts to discuss gun safety. Once again, the location of this year's conference provides an ideal setting to deliberate on this issue from multiple angles, said conference planners.
With nearly 40 percent of attendees traveling to the conference from outside the United States, international health topics will continue to be a point of emphasis in the curriculum. Insights into the long-term sequelae of infectious diseases beyond COVID-19 and best practices for interventions related to the diagnosis and management of chronic respiratory disease in low- and middle-income countries will be among the many featured global health topics prominently featured this year.
"We have worked closely with the ATS International Health Committee to ensure that topics of international interest that highlight global health issues and advances are the focus of multiple sessions," Dr. Halayko said.
As in years past, the conference will showcase a wide array of programming featuring informative scientific sessions, a lively Poster Hall, a vibrant Exhibit Hall, engaging industry sessions, specialty events, and unique networking opportunities. Some events, such as the Respiratory Innovation Summit or courses for early career professionals, may require separate registration.
To keep up with the latest updates in programming for this year's conference, registrants can view the Program at a Glance on the conference website.
Don't Miss On-Demand Highlights
Unable to attend every session of interest at the ATS 2023 International Conference? Or couldn't join us in Washington, DC? Access some of the conference's best content through the ATS 2023 On-Demand Highlights platform, available this summer. It will include more than 100 scientific and clinical symposia, including Keynote sessions, Clinical Year in Review, and Adult and Pediatric Core Curriculum.


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Jack Poirier
It was an odd scene, and not one I expected.
Two seats away sat a woman with a knitting bag resting on her lap. In her hands she brandished a pair of needles, effortlessly working away on a multi-coloured washcloth.
We were among 49,000 fans at a sold-out Rogers Centre that Sunday - a study of contrasts - myself hoarse and struck with a severe case of Blue Jays fever, while she sat quietly, enjoying a beautiful sunny afternoon at the ballpark and working away on her linen.
"They normally win when I knit," she explained.
The Toronto Blue Jays captured our imagination, our hearts and our following this season. Unlike any other Canadian professional team, the Jays were Canada's team.
You can't be a Leafs fan in Ottawa or an Oilers fan in Calgary, but you could don the Jays blue and white anywhere in our nation and get high fives for doing it. Cheering on the Jays made Canadians proud. This is OUR team.
As the Jays head into the biggest game of the season today at the Rogers Centre, Game 5 of the American League Division Series against the Texas Rangers, the bandwagon is full.
Sitting at a clinic recently with my ill daughter waiting our turn with the doctor, I heard a woman say how annoyed she was with non-fans riding the blue wave.
I bit my lip and listened, dumbfounded by her argument that fair-weather aren't real fans.
"I'm so sick of Blue Jays fans. I'd rather cheer for an American team," she said. Blech!
As a diehard Jays fan, I hadn't had much to cheer about since back-to-back World Series titles in '92 and '93. But, regardless of the outcome, this was the most exciting Canadian sports team in more than a decade. Fun to watch and bulging with thumpers who could jack any pitch out of the yard, the Jays had an ownership willing to spend money and managers with a plan.
No, they didn't fight cancer, and yes they are overpaid athletes. But there is something to be said for uniting a country and giving fans – new and old - something fun to embrace and unite for.
It is a crazy, cocky, talented and fun team. Long the underdogs, they went out and added some exciting players this year.
Whether they win or not, they've been worth rooting for.
Jack Poirier is a life-long Blue Jays fan and occasional writer for The Sarnia Journal.


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MONFORT HEIGHTS - Last Thursday, La Salle High School four-star football recruit Gi'Bran Payne tweeted that he had made his decision.
However, a decision could be not to make a decision as the 5-foot-10, 200-pound Lancer running back said Monday that he would like to make some visits.
"I'm talking currently to a lot of them (schools), still staying open even though I said that on Twitter," Payne said. "I'm just trying to plan my visits and get ready for the season."
At the end of February, Payne narrowed his choices to five via: Alabama, Florida, Northwestern, Notre Dame and Penn State. Of those five, he's only visited Northwestern where former La Salle star Jeremy Larkin is a coach and 2019 Division II state championship teammate Cam Porter is a current member of the Wildcats backfield.
"It's still kind of up in the air," Payne said of an impending decision. "I'm just trying to visit these schools actually and see what they're about. I'm currently talking to some more people just trying to get a visit in and check their campus out."
Thanks to the coronavirus pandemic, visits were restricted to Zoom and other online virtual experiences. Last year's Ohio Mr. Football Corey Kiner signed with LSU without stepping foot in Baton Rouge.
Then, there's the NCAA transfer portal, which now allows one-time transfers without penalty of sitting out a season. Translated, a college can pursue older players who have at least sniffed a Division I regimen in addition to bringing in raw high school players.
The game off the field has changed as much as the game on the field. In the meantime, the highest-ranked Greater Cincinnati uncommitted Class of 2022 recruit is awaiting to see up close and personal where he might tote the pigskin.
As for this season, Payne has gained 10 pounds and is hoping to stay on the field after missing much of his junior season after a high ankle sprain. After running for 113 yards and two touchdowns and catching two scoring passes in a 2020 season-opening win against Elder, Payne was limited most of the season and barely played after the first few games finishing with 235 yards and five scores plus nine catches for 181 yards and three touchdowns.
"I know Gi'Bran is looking forward to staying healthy," La Salle coach Pat McLaughlin said. "He got injured last year and tried to fight through it. You go back to his sophomore year and the tape that he had was good and the tape that he had at the beginning of last year was good. He can play at the Division I college level. It's just a matter of where he's going to fit in right now."
His sophomore tape, which included 129 yards rushing in the state title game against Massillon Washington, put him in the limelight. Though he shared carries with Cam Porter and current Navy freshman quarterback Zach Branam, he still produced 790 yards and nine touchdowns, with eight catches for 141 yards and three scores.
For good measure, he returned 13 kickoffs for 273 yards, had 41 tackles at linebacker with three forced fumbles and picked off two passes for 112 yards, including one for a touchdown.
When he's healthy, Payne prefers to stay off of the sidelines. Plus he was a defensive lineman in junior high, so he's experienced being on the chase.
"I just don't like coming off the field," he said. "It keeps me warm and I stay ready for offense."
The Lancers will have a new quarterback to hand/throw the ball to Payne as two-year starter Branam is in Annapolis with the Midshipmen. Junior Mason transfer Mason Mattingly and senior Cam Cope are in the running for that job.
La Salle also replaces four Division I defensive backs in Jaylen Johnson (Ohio State), Devonta Smith (Alabama), Iesa Jarmon (Cincinnati) and Jaymar Mundy (Miami University).
On the upside, McLaughlin returns a seasoned offensive line which includes three-year starters Paul Haywood, Austin Rack, Ryan Reynolds plus Max Leyendecker, Jake Wiesman, Tristen Manning and Liam Feeley. Many will play both ways.
"With a guy like Gi'Bran, you can pretty much do anything," Haywood said. "Just make a little hole and he'll run through it. He's super-fast. He's who he is for a reason. He's one of the best in the state."
The Lancers again will have speed to burn as Payne and some of his teammates were also part of this spring's state champion 4-x-100 relay team that stood atop the podium in early June. Koy Beasley is also a sophomore running back/defensive back, while Orlando Wyatt was a Lancer running back who recently graduated.
"We had expectations but we didn't really think we were going to win state," Payne said "It was a good experience to win state in track like I did in football."
Football-wise, La Salle is again a Division II threat playing in a league of historically notable Division I schools. St. Xavier, Moeller and Elder have all been to the state title game in the last decade with the Bombers from the other end of North Bend Road being the defending Division I champions.
"We have a very tough league with X, Elder and Moeller," Payne said. "League games are when you play your best football really."
Both 247sports.com and Rivals list Payne as a four-star recruit. 247 lists him as Ohio's ninth-best recruit, 22nd nationally at his position. Rivals has him at No. 13 in Ohio and 27th nationally at running back.
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Storage Basket
These are Wham 15.02 Rectangular Studio Baskets. The size of these storage baskets are 30cm. These storage baskets are made of good quality plastic, non-toxic, odorless, sturdy and durable, with smooth edges and no burrs. These baskets have handles on both ends which help you carry it easily without any hard effort. These storage baskets are stackable, so you can stack them compactly when they are not in use. These baskets are perfect for tidying DIY and craft supplies, paperwork, cosmetics etc.
The sleek and modern looking Rectangular Studio Basket from Wham is incredibly versatile and is ideal for storing bathroom toiletries, your makeup and cosmetics, stationery items or kitchen spices and utensils. The style of baskets is Ideal for children's bedrooms, playrooms, utility rooms and garages. These baskets are also made of high quality material that's why these are durable, long lasting and unbreakable & these sturdy boxes will last for years, These baskets are also washable. After washing just let it dry for sometime it will look the same as it is new. These baskets are the need of every home, office and other workplaces.
You can select the color of your choice & organize your clutter according to different colors to create a style for your life.
These plastic baskets are available in four different colors
- Ice white
- Cool gray
- Blush Pink
- Silver sage


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Camden Town Brewery is official Arsenal beer partner
The north London-based brewery is situated just two miles away from the Emirates Stadium, which will now host three new Camden Town Brewery bars this season.
The partnership will kick off with a competition in which a pair of season tickets, home game beers all year and a party with a bar tab for up to 10 people in the brewery bar are all up for grabs.
Camden Town Brewery founder Jasper Cuppaidge spoke of his personal connection to the football team.
He said: "If you'd have told me 10 years ago that the beer I was creating in my basement in north London would one day be the beer of Arsenal Football Club – the club I love, I would have thought you were crazy, but I would have loved the idea of it.
"The partnership with Arsenal marks a huge moment both for me and for the entire team at Camden Town Brewery and we can't wait to share our great beers and a better beer experience with all of the supporters like myself."
Infectious enthusiasm
Arsenal commercial director Peter Silverstone said there would be more collaborations between the two to come throughout the year.
He said: "We are always working to improve the match-day experience at Emirates Stadium, so to partner with the local and hugely renowned Camden Town Brewery is very exciting.
"Camden's enthusiasm is infectious and their desire to support our fans is clear to see through their incredible competition offer to kick start our partnership.
"We look forward to working with them on more exciting initiatives to capture the hearts and taste buds of Arsenal fans."
Winners of the competition will be chosen at random from all entries and contacted by email on 28 July.


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About us
From sailors for sailors – this is the motto of SonnenCharter.
Behind SonnenCharter is a team of experienced, passionate sailors and a simple idea: to give other sailors a stress-free and undisturbed holiday experience. We would like to pass on our joy and experience to other sailors with SonnenCharter.
For SonnenCharter, trust and individual advice have top priority! With a lot of experience and long-term partners on site, SonnenCharter help you to find the individual yacht for your dream vacation – at the best conditions. You can choose from more than 2,000 sailing yachts along the Adriatic coast. On many charter yachts, SonnenCharter can make a good and tailor-made offer through a diverse discount system. Usually, several discounts can be combined, e.g. Early booking, long-term discount (from 2 weeks) or regular customer discount.
The SonnenCharter team helps you with search and planning – also with special questions or special requests – with individual and personal advice. SonnenCharter is always happy to help you.
According to § 5 TMG:
Oranto GmbH
Bänschstrasse 77
10247 Berlin
Represented by:
Managing partner: Heinrich levelow (graduate economist)
Telephone: +49.30.37000910
Fax: +49.30.722398868
Email: email@example.com
Register entry:
Registration in the commercial register.
Register court: Charlottenburg District Court
Register number: 99382B
Tax ID:
Sales tax identification number according to § 27a sales tax law:
Liability for content
As a service provider, we are responsible for our own content on these pages in accordance with general laws in accordance with Section 7 (1) TMG. According to §§ 8 to 10 TMG, we as a service provider are not obliged to monitor transmitted or stored external information or to investigate circumstances that indicate illegal activity. Obligations to remove or block the use of information according to general laws remain unaffected. However, liability in this regard is only possible from the time we become aware of a specific legal violation. As soon as we become aware of such violations, we will remove this content immediately.
Liability for links
Our offer contains links to external websites of third parties, the content of which we have no influence on. For this reason, we cannot accept any liability for this external content. The respective provider or operator of the pages is always responsible for the content of the linked pages. The linked pages were checked for possible legal violations at the time the link was created. No illegal content was discernible at the time the link was created. A permanent control of the content of the linked pages is not reasonable without concrete evidence of an infringement. As soon as we become aware of legal violations, we will remove such links immediately.
Reference to EU dispute settlement
Online dispute resolution
The European Commission provides a platform for online dispute resolution at https://ec.europa.eu/consumers/odr/, which consumers can use to settle a dispute and on which further information on the subject of dispute settlement can be found.
You can find our email address in the imprint above.
Out-of-court settlement of disputes
We are neither obliged nor willing to participate in a dispute settlement procedure before a consumer arbitration board in the event of a dispute with a consumer.
The content and works on these pages created by the site operator are subject to German copyright law. Duplication, editing, distribution and any kind of use outside the limits of copyright law require the written consent of the respective author or creator. Downloads and copies of this page are only permitted for private, non-commercial use. As far as the content on this page was not created by the operator, the copyrights of third parties are respected. In particular contents of third parties are marked as such. Should you nevertheless become aware of a copyright infringement, please let us know. As soon as we become aware of legal violations, we will remove such content immediately.
These terms and conditions lay down the modalities between customers (charterers) and the boat rental company / charter company through the agency (SonnenCharter). The subject of the agreements is the rental of all types of yachts with or without a skipper.
These contractual conditions regulate the common modalities between charterer and charter company. If a charter contract is concluded between the charterer and the charter company, this is concluded directly with the charter company.
The agency SonnenCharter acts as an agent or dealer of charter services of various marinas / charter companies and passes these services on to customers and charterers.
After conclusion of the contract, 50% of the charter fee must be paid immediately as a down payment, another 50% six weeks before the charter begins. If the charterer does not pay within the specified deadlines, the charterer can withdraw from the contract. Charter rates already paid are only to be reimbursed by the charter company if the replacement charter has been successfully carried out on comparable terms. In this case, the refund will be made minus a processing fee of 20% on the charter price.
The charterer must provide the charter company with a list of the participating crew members. A reservation is only valid if it has been confirmed by the landlord.
If a skipper is not rented, the charterer must also ensure that he has the necessary qualifications and experience in seafaring to safely operate the ship. The charterer is always fully responsible for the crew and their guests, the ship and the equipment.
rental contract
If the charterer receives the reservation confirmation, he recognizes that he is in a direct relationship with the charter company in order to sign the final rental contract. The rental of the ship takes place exclusively on the basis of the provisions of the concluded rental contract. The charterer has to provide all contract data truthfully, otherwise he has to bear all arising consequences.
Obligations (on site)
The charter company is not liable for damage to the property or for accidents involving the charterers, their guests and possibly other people on board. The charter company is only liable for damage if it is covered by the insurance contract.
The charterer is obliged to insure the charter yacht with comprehensive insurance. Proof of this must be provided / requested by the charter company when the charter contract is concluded. The excess is secured by the charterer by means of a security deposit (deposit) to the charter company.
Bed linen is not available on board and must be brought along.
Night journeys are permitted with caution and only after consultation with the landlord. Races and regattas are not permitted under any circumstances. The ship may not be sublet or sublet to third parties. Transport against payment is excluded.
The legal provisions of all countries visited must always be observed during the journeys. The charterer is responsible for the correct maintenance of the log book as well as the registration and deregistration with the responsible harbor master.
The ship and its equipment must be checked and serviced regularly as specified in the plan. In the event of serious damage or emergencies, the charter company must be informed immediately.
The extension of the charter time is only possible with the express consent of the landlord.
The ship is handed over with full fuel. After the end of the tenancy, the charterer has also refueled the ship and handed it over to the charterer in a clean, undamaged condition.
Withdrawal / changes
If the ship cannot be made available by the landlord on time, the charterer has the option to withdraw from the contract at least 24 hours later. In this case, all payments made will be reimbursed, but further claims for compensation such as travel or accommodation costs cannot be made.
If the charterer does not want to withdraw from the contract, he is entitled to a partial reimbursement of the costs for the time until the ship could be made available.
The charter company undertakes to notify the charterer as soon as possible if the ship cannot be made available on time. If this is already certain before the start of the charter, the charterer can withdraw from the contract before the start of the charter.
If the charterer withdraws from the charter, already paid charter rates will only be reimbursed by the charter company if a successful replacement charter can be carried out at comparable conditions. In this case, the refund will be made minus a processing fee of 20% on the charter price. If the replacement charter is unsuccessful, the charterer is entitled to the full charter price.
For this reason, we strongly recommend a travel cancellation insurance!
Law, punishments, conflicts
If the charter company is held liable by third parties due to the actions of the charterer, charterers must release the charter company from all consequences and bear these themselves. This applies both at home and abroad.
Both contracting parties are obliged to amicably resolve any problems that arise. If no friendly solution can be found, the dispute will be submitted to the competent authority in the country in which the trip took place.
Severability clause
Should a provision of this agreement be wholly or partially ineffective or later lose its legal validity, this shall not affect the validity of the remaining provisions. Instead of the ineffective provision, the legal regulations apply.
Legal status
The law of the Federal Republic of Germany applies as agreed for claims between charterer and agency. For all claims between the charterer and the charter company, the right at the registered office of the charter company and the place of jurisdiction at the registered office of the charter company are to be applied.
Data protection
1 General
Thank you for visiting our website and thank you for your interest in our services. Below we would like to inform you about the purposes for which your data is collected and used and how you can exercise your rights. You can call up and print out the data protection declaration at any time via the point "Data protection" at the bottom of each page.
This data protection declaration extends to the use of the digital offers of Oranto GmbH via PC, smartphones, tablets and all other internet-compatible mobile devices.
The digital offers may contain links to other websites of third-party service providers to which this data protection declaration does not refer.
2. Responsible body
The controller responsible for the processing of your personal data in accordance with Article 4 (7) GDPR is
Oranto GmbH
Address: Bänschstrasse 77, 10247 Berlin
Telephone: +49 (0) 30/37 000 910
Fax: +49 (0) 30/208 66 191
Email: email@example.com
You can reach our contact person for data protection questions at the above-mentioned postal address or at the email address specified above, with the addition "z. Hd. Data protection officer ".
3. Definitions
Legislators require personal data to be processed lawfully, in good faith and in a manner that is comprehensible to the data subject ("legality, good faith processing, transparency"). To ensure this, we inform you about the individual legal definitions that are also used in this data protection declaration:
3.1. Personal data
"Personal data" is all information that relates to an identified or identifiable natural person (hereinafter "data subject"); An identifiable person is a natural person who can be identified directly or indirectly, in particular by assigning an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or one or more special characteristics, the expression of the physical , physiological, genetic, psychological, economic, cultural or social identity of this natural person.
3.2. processing
"Processing" is any process or series of processes carried out with or without the help of automated processes in connection with personal data such as the collection, recording, organization, organization, storage, adaptation or modification, reading, querying , the use, the disclosure by transmission, distribution or any other form of provision, comparison or linking, restriction, deletion or destruction.
3.3. Restriction of processing
"Restriction of processing" is the marking of stored personal data with the aim of restricting their future processing.
3.4. Profiling
"Profiling" is any type of automated processing of personal data, which consists in the fact that this personal data is used to evaluate certain personal aspects relating to a natural person, in particular aspects relating to work performance, economic situation, health, analyze or predict personal preferences, interests, reliability, behavior, location or change of location of this natural person.
3.5. Pseudonymization
"Pseudonymization" is the processing of personal data in such a way that the personal data can no longer be assigned to a specific data subject without the use of additional information, provided that this additional information is kept separately and is subject to technical and organizational measures that ensure that the personal data Data cannot be assigned to an identified or identifiable natural person.
3.6. Filesystem
"File system" is any structured collection of personal data that is accessible according to certain criteria, regardless of whether this collection is managed centrally, decentrally or according to functional or geographical aspects.
3.7. Responsible
"Controller" is a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body that alone or together with others decides on the purposes and means of processing personal data; If the purposes and means of this processing are specified by Union law or the law of the Member States, the person responsible or the specific criteria for naming them can be provided in accordance with Union law or the law of the Member States.
3.8. Processors
"Processor" is a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body that processes personal data on behalf of the person responsible.
3.9. receiver
"Recipient" is a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body to which personal data is disclosed, regardless of whether it is a third party or not. However, authorities that may receive personal data as part of a specific investigation mandate under Union law or the law of the Member States are not considered recipients; The processing of this data by the aforementioned authorities is carried out in accordance with the applicable data protection regulations in accordance with the purposes of the processing.
3.10. Third
"Third party" is a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body, apart from the data subject, the controller, the processor and the persons who are authorized to process the personal data under the direct responsibility of the controller or processor.
3.11. consent
A "consent" of the data subject is any voluntary expression of will in the form of a declaration or other unambiguous confirmatory act for the specific case, in an informed manner and unequivocally, with which the data subject indicates that they are processing the data subject personal data agrees.
4. Security and protection of your personal data
We consider it our primary task to maintain the confidentiality of the personal data you provide and to protect it from unauthorized access. That is why we apply extreme care and the latest security standards to ensure maximum protection of your personal data.
Your personal data is securely transmitted to us using encryption. This applies to your informational visit to the website as well as an order in the web shop. We use the TLS coding system (Transport Layer Security, the successor protocol of SSL).
As a private company, we are subject to the provisions of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the regulations of the Federal Data Protection Act (BDSG-new) and the Telemedia Act (TMG). We have taken technical and organizational measures to ensure that the regulations on data protection are observed by both us and our external service providers.
5. Lawfulness of processing
The processing of personal data is only lawful if there is a legal basis for the processing. The legal basis for processing can be in accordance with Article 6 (1) lit. a – f GDPR in particular:
a. The data subject has given their consent to the processing of their personal data for one or more specific purposes;
b. the processing is necessary for the performance of a contract to which the data subject is a party or for the implementation of pre-contractual measures that are carried out at the request of the data subject;
c. the processing is necessary to fulfill a legal obligation to which the controller is subject;
d. the processing is necessary to protect the vital interests of the data subject or another natural person;
e. the processing is necessary for the performance of a task that is in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority that has been assigned to the person responsible;
f. Processing is necessary to safeguard the legitimate interests of the person responsible or a third party, unless the interests or fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject that require the protection of personal data outweigh them, especially if the data subject is a child .
6. Information about the collection of personal data
In the following we inform you about the collection of personal data when using our website. Personal data are e.g. Name, address, email address, user behavior.
When you contact us by e-mail or via a contact form, the data you provide (your e-mail address, your name and telephone number, if applicable) will be saved by us to answer your questions. We delete the data arising in this context after the storage is no longer necessary, or the processing is restricted if there are statutory retention requirements.
7. Collection of personal data when visiting our website
When using the website for information purposes only, i.e. if you do not register or buy something or otherwise provide us with information, we do not collect any personal data. Nevertheless, your browser may transmit further data (fonts, resolution, browser version) to our server. More on this under "Server Logs Files".
8. Server log files
The website provider automatically collects and stores information in so-called server logs. These files contain information in anonymous form and are automatically sent to us by your browser. In fact:
a. Operating system used
b. Browser type and version
c. Host name of the accessing computer
d. Referrer URL
e. Date and time of the server request
As a rule, this data cannot be assigned to specific persons. This data is not merged with other data sources. The provider needs this data to be able to analyze and correct errors that occur in connection with the provision of its services. We reserve the right to check this data retrospectively if we become aware of specific indications of illegal use.
The server-side log files are also only saved in anonymous form.
9. Use of cookies
For visitors to our website, we try to largely avoid the use of any type of cookies *. However, some elements of our website require that the calling browser can be identified even after a page change.
The following data is stored and transmitted in the cookies:
(1) Log-in information
(2) Use of website functions
The legal basis for the processing of personal data using cookies is Art. 6 Para. 1 lit. f GDPR.
(* Cookies are text files that are stored in the Internet browser or by the Internet browser on the user's computer system. When a user visits a website, a cookie can be saved on the user's operating system. This cookie contains a characteristic string , which enables a clear identification of the browser when the website is called up again.)
10. Other functions and offers on our website
In addition to the purely informational use of our website, we offer various services that you can use if you are interested. To do this, you usually have to provide further personal data that we use to provide the respective service and for which the aforementioned data processing principles apply.
We sometimes use external service providers to process your data. These have been carefully selected and commissioned by us, are bound by our instructions and are regularly checked.
If our service providers or partners are based in a country outside the European Economic Area (EEA), we will inform you about the consequences of this in the description of the offer.
11. Contact form
If you use our contact form, the information you provide will be saved by us for processing. We will not pass on this data without your consent.
12. Children
Our offer is aimed primarily at adults. Persons under the age of 18 should not transmit personal data to us without the consent of their parents or legal guardians.
13. Rights of the data subject
13.1. Withdrawal of consent
If the processing of the personal data is based on a given consent, you have the right to withdraw the consent at any time. Withdrawing consent does not affect the lawfulness of processing based on consent before its withdrawal.
You can contact us at any time to exercise your right of withdrawal.
13.2. Right to confirmation
You have the right to request confirmation from the controller as to whether we are processing personal data concerning you. You can request confirmation at any time using the contact details above.
13.3. right of providing information
If personal data is processed, you can request information about this personal data and the following information at any time:
a. the processing purposes;
b. the categories of personal data that are processed;
c. the recipients or categories of recipients to whom the personal data has been or will be disclosed, in particular recipients in third countries or international organizations;
d. if possible, the planned duration for which the personal data will be stored or, if this is not possible, the criteria for determining this duration;
e. the existence of a right to correction or deletion of your personal data or restriction of processing by the person responsible or a right to object to this processing;
f. the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority;
G. if the personal data is not collected from the data subject, all available information about the origin of the data;
H. the existence of automated decision-making, including profiling, in accordance with Article 22 paragraphs 1 and 4 GDPR and – at least in these cases – meaningful information about the logic involved as well as the scope and intended effects of such processing for the data subject.
If personal data is transferred to a third country or to an international organization, you have the right to be informed about the appropriate guarantees in accordance with Article 46 GDPR in connection with the transfer. We provide a copy of the personal data that are the subject of the processing. For all other copies that you request from us, we can charge a reasonable fee based on the administrative costs. If you submit the application electronically, the information must be made available in a common electronic format, unless stated otherwise. The right to receive a copy in accordance with paragraph 3 must not affect the rights and freedoms of others.
13.4. Right to rectification
You have the right to request us to correct any incorrect personal data concerning you immediately. Taking into account the purposes of the processing, you have the right to request the completion of incomplete personal data – also by means of a supplementary declaration.
13.5. Right to erasure ("right to be forgotten")
You have the right to request that the person responsible delete your personal data immediately, and we are obliged to delete personal data immediately if one of the following reasons applies:
a. The personal data are no longer necessary for the purposes for which they were collected or otherwise processed.
b. The data subject withdraws their consent on which the processing was based in accordance with Article 6 (1) (a) or Article 9 (2) (a) GDPR and there is no other legal basis for the processing.
c. The data subject objects to the processing in accordance with Article 21 (1) GDPR and there are no overriding legitimate grounds for the processing, or the data subject objects to the processing in accordance with Article 21 (2) GDPR.
d. The personal data was processed illegally.
e. The deletion of personal data is necessary to fulfill a legal obligation under Union law or the law of the member states to which the controller is subject.
f. The personal data was collected in relation to information society services offered in accordance with Article 8 (1) GDPR.
If the person responsible has made the personal data public and is obliged to delete them in accordance with paragraph 1, he shall take appropriate measures, including technical measures, taking account of the available technology and the implementation costs, in order to ensure that those responsible for data processing who process the personal data to inform that a data subject has asked them to delete all links to this personal data or to copy or replicate this personal data.
The right to erasure ("right to be forgotten") does not exist insofar as processing is necessary:
a. to exercise the right to freedom of expression and information;
b. to fulfill a legal obligation that requires processing under the law of the Union or the Member States to which the controller is subject, or to perform a task that is in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority vested in the controller;
c. for reasons of public interest in the area of public health in accordance with Article 9 paragraph 2 letters h and i and Article 9 paragraph 3 GDPR;
d. for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or for statistical purposes in accordance with Article 89 paragraph 1 GDPR, insofar as the right mentioned in paragraph 1 is likely to render impossible or seriously impair the achievement of the objectives of this processing, or
e. to assert, exercise or defend legal claims.
13.6. Right to restriction of processing
You have the right to request that we restrict the processing of your personal data if one of the following conditions is met:
a. the correctness of the personal data is contested by the data subject, for a period of time that enables the controller to check the correctness of the personal data,
b. the processing is unlawful and the data subject refuses to delete the personal data and instead requests that the use of the personal data be restricted;
c. the controller no longer needs the personal data for the purposes of processing, but the data subject needs them to assert, exercise or defend legal claims, or
d. the data subject has objected to processing pursuant to Article 21 (1) GDPR, as long as it is not certain whether the legitimate reasons of the controller outweigh those of the data subject.
If processing has been restricted in accordance with the above conditions, this personal data – apart from its storage – will only be obtained with the consent of the data subject or to assert, exercise or defend legal claims or to protect the rights of another natural or legal person or for reasons processed an important public interest of the Union or a Member State.
In order to assert the right to restriction of processing, the person concerned can contact us at any time using the contact details given above.
13.7. Right to data portability
You have the right to receive the personal data relating to you that you have provided to us in a structured, common and machine-readable format, and you have the right to transfer this data to another controller without hindrance from the controller to whom the personal data is provided were to be transmitted, provided that:
a. the processing is based on consent pursuant to Article 6 paragraph 1 letter a or Article 9 paragraph 2 letter a or on a contract pursuant to Article 6 paragraph 1 letter b GDPR and
b. processing is carried out using automated processes.
When exercising the right to data portability in accordance with paragraph 1, you have the right to have the personal data transferred directly from one controller to another, insofar as this is technically feasible. Exercising the right to data portability does not affect the right to erasure ("right to be forgotten"). This right does not apply to processing that is necessary for the performance of a task that is in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority that has been transferred to the person responsible.
13.8. Right to object
You have the right to object, at any time, to the processing of your personal data based on Article 6 (1) (e) or (f) GDPR for reasons arising from your particular situation; this also applies to profiling based on these provisions. The controller no longer processes the personal data unless he can demonstrate compelling legitimate grounds for the processing that outweigh the interests, rights and freedoms of the data subject, or the processing serves to assert, exercise or defend legal claims.
If personal data are processed for direct marketing purposes, you have the right to object at any time to the processing of your personal data for the purpose of such advertising; this also applies to profiling insofar as it is connected to such direct advertising. If you object to processing for direct marketing purposes, the personal data will no longer be processed for these purposes.
Regardless of Directive 2002/58 / EC, you can exercise your right to object in connection with the use of information society services using automated procedures that use technical specifications.
You have the right to object, for reasons arising from your particular situation, to the processing of your personal data relating to you, which is carried out for scientific or historical research purposes or for statistical purposes in accordance with Article 89 (1), unless the processing is necessary to fulfill a task in the public interest.
You can exercise your right to object at any time by contacting the person responsible.
13.9. Automated decisions in individual cases including profiling
You have the right not to be subjected to a decision based solely on automated processing – including profiling – which has legal effect on you or similarly significantly affects you. This does not apply if the decision:
a. is necessary for the conclusion or performance of a contract between the data subject and the person responsible,
b. is permitted by Union or Member State law to which the controller is subject and this law contains appropriate measures to safeguard the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the data subject, or
c. with the express consent of the data subject.
The controller takes appropriate measures to safeguard the rights and freedoms as well as the legitimate interests of the data subject, including at least the right to have the person intervene, to state their own position and to contest the decision.
The data subject can exercise this right at any time by contacting the person responsible.
13.10. Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority
Without prejudice to any other administrative or judicial remedy, you also have the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority, in particular in the member state of your residence, your place of work or the place of the alleged infringement, if the data subject believes that the processing of them concerns them personal data violates this regulation.
The data protection supervisory authority responsible for us is:
Berlin representative for data protection and freedom of information
Friedrichstrasse 219
10969 Berlin
Telephone: 030 13889-0
Fax: 030 2155050
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
13.11. Right to an effective judicial remedy
Without prejudice to any available administrative or extrajudicial remedy, including the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority in accordance with Article 77 GDPR, you have the right to an effective judicial remedy if it believes that your rights under this regulation are the result of a breach of the law processing of your personal data in accordance with this regulation has been violated.
14. Use of Matomo (formerly Piwik)
This website uses Matomo, an open source web analysis service, to be able to analyze and regularly improve the use of our website. We can use the statistics obtained to improve our offer and make it more interesting for you as a user. The legal basis for the use of Matomo is Art. 6 para. 1 sentence 1 lit. f GDPR.
This web analysis service does not use cookies. Your browser's Do-Not-Track settings are taken into account. The information generated about the use of this website will not be passed on to third parties.
This website uses Matomo with the "AnonymizeIP" extension. As a result, IP addresses are immediately anonymized and processed in abbreviated form, which means that they cannot be directly linked to a person. The IP address transmitted by your browser using Matomo will not be merged with other data collected by us.
Any personal data transmitted when using the contact form will not be saved by Matomo.
The Matomo program is an open source project. You can obtain information from the third-party provider on data protection at matomo.org/privacy-policy/.
15. Processors
We use external service providers (processors) e.g. B. for the dispatch of goods, newsletters or payment transactions. A separate order data processing was concluded with the service provider to ensure the protection of your personal data.
16. Update and change
The data protection declaration must be adapted from time to time to the actual circumstances and to the further developed legal situation. Please check the data protection declaration in each case before you use our offer, in order to be up to date with possible changes or updates.
Date: May 25, 2018


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Whether you are currently involved in the NFT market or possibly considering NFTs as a potential investment opportunity, understanding the intellectual property implications of NFTs is important...
Non-fungible tokens, or NFTs, will remain a hot topic in 2023. Whether you are currently involved in the NFT market or possibly considering NFTs as a potential investment opportunity, understanding the intellectual property implications of NFTs is important. At the same time, it is important to understand that NFTs represent a new and rapidly evolving area of law with significant "grey areas" still remaining.
The Basics of NFTs
An NFT is defined as ''a unique digital identifier that cannot be copied, substituted, or subdivided, that is recorded in a blockchain, and that is used to certify authenticity and ownership (as of a specific digital asset and specific rights relating to it)." Similar to cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ether, NFTs are created (known as "minted") and then stored in blockchains. Once created, NFTs are listed on an NFT marketplace where they can be sold or traded in accordance with "smart contracts" that govern the transfers. NFTs are non-distributable and cannot be shared by multiple owners.
Due to their unique characteristics, NFTs have a wide range of uses and enable owners to access specific digital content associated with the NFT. In recent years, NFTs have become popular among collectors of art and memorabilia. There are now numerous online marketplaces selling NFTs, with Open Sea, Foundation, and Nifty Gateway among the most popular. In light of the popularity of NFTs, major auction houses and galleries have also started selling NFT in the form of art. In June 2021, for example, Sotheby's sold Larva Labs' rare CryptoPunk #7523 for $11.8 million.
While the NFT market cooled significantly in 2022, NFT sales still totaled $3.4 billion in the third quarter. The NFT market is expected to reach a value of nearly $232 billion by 2030, according to consulting firm Verified Market Research.
IP Rights and NFTs
As NFTs have surged in popularity, the law has struggled to keep pace with the rapidly evolving landscape. To date, there are few laws and regulations that directly govern the creation, transfer, or use of NFTs.
As for intellectual property (IP) rights, the underlying content of NFTs, such as art, music, and videos, is generally protected by existing IP rights. For instance, absent a license, the copyright holder of a musical composition or artwork is generally the only one authorized to transform the original work into an NFT.
Without the express transfer of rights, an NFT is essentially a "certificate of authenticity" for the digital asset and does not automatically transfer any IP rights to the underlying digital asset to the NFT purchaser. However, during the minting process, IP owners can specify via a smart contract what IP rights (if any) are granted to the purchaser. For example, most NFTs grant the purchaser a license to use, copy, and display the NFT. Other NFT smart contracts include royalty provisions that allow creators to collect compensation each time their NFT is sold.
In most cases, an NFT project (or NFT series) is also entitled to trademark protection. Over the past few years, many brand owners have also taken steps to protect the digital use of their trademarks. For instance, apparel and footwear companies ranging from Louis Vuitton to Nike have filed trademarks for making and selling virtual goods.
IP Lawsuits Involving NFTs
Not surprisingly, NFTs have spurred IP litigation and related disputes. One of the most contested issues is who has the right to create NFTs from content that already has associated IP rights. In 2021, Miramax LLC filed a copyright and trademark infringement lawsuit against director Quentin Tarantino for selling uncut scenes from his film "Pulp Fiction" in the form of NFTs in violation of the parties' licensing agreement. The two sides later reached an out-of-court settlement, highlighting the legal risks of litigating in untested waters.
More recently, luxury handbag maker Hermès filed a trademark infringement lawsuit alleging that artist Mason Rothschild's MetaBurkin NFTs infringe on its lucrative trademark, charactering the NFTs as "digital knockoffs." In defense of the suit, Rothschild maintains that his MetaBirkinsare artworks protected by the First Amendment.
Based on the arguments raised by both sides, the deciding factor in the dispute may hinge on whether the NFTs are considered art or simply a digital commodity. Regardless of whether the court finds the NFTs qualify as an artistic expression, Hermès could still prevail if the court finds that Rothschild's use of its trademark was explicitly misleading to consumers.
USPTO and Copyright Office Studying NFTs
The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the United States Copyright Office (Copyright Office) recently launched a joint study regarding issues of IP law and policy associated with NFTs. The Senate's intellectual property subcommittee initially called on the USPTO and Copyright Office to conduct the study, citing the need for clarity regarding the unique interplay between NFTs and intellectual property rights. "NFTs can be found in nearly all spheres — from academia to entertainment to medicine, art and beyond," the Senate's letter stated. "Thus, it is imperative that we understand how NFTs fit into the world of intellectual property rights — as said rights stand today and as they may evolve as we move into the future."
In their Notice of Inquiry, the Copyright Office and USPTO solicited public comment on several important questions, including to what extent NFTs present challenges for IP rights holders and whether current IP laws are adequate to address the protection and enforcement of IP in the context of NFTs. Comments may be submitted on Regulations.gov through February 3, 2023.
The agencies also plan to conduct a series of roundtable discussions during the month of January. The three public roundtables will occur as follows and will be made available to the public:
- Trademarks: Tuesday, January 24, 2023
- Patents: Thursday, January 26, 2023
- Copyright: Tuesday, January 31, 2023
The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances.


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One of the challenges of doing machine learning is getting lots of data. One of the other challenges of machine learning is having a lot of data.
This is a bit of a dichotomy with the data. A data scientist or machine learning hacker needs a lot of data to find accuracy in their model predicting something. The challenge can be with all the features (or columns in a data set) that represent potential items that influence the decision. Which of these do you choose?
I saw a post about looking over data and analyzing loans for risk. The post looks at how you might use a notebook to perform some analysis and does a good job of walking through the process with Databricks. It then builds, trains, and tests a model in the classic machine learning sense. The data is a public dataset from Lending Club, with actual loan data.
The post doesn't show the complete data set, and I didn't download it. I hope there isn't any PII data in here, but I'm sure that many people that actually analyze loans would have data related to a person's address, gender, and other PII type data. That makes sense for loan companies that need to create a financial contract with an individual, but it also allows humans to use their bias (intentionally or unintentionally) to affect decisions.
One of the promises of machine learning and AI is that this bias won't be present because the machines don't have feelings about individuals. Except, the data can reflect past feelings. If the data tends to show that people in a low-income neighborhood don't get loans, then the machine might pick this as a feature to look for in future data sets. Same for address or any other number of variables. Certainly, the person training the model may account for this and supervise the training, but I worry about this. Far too many people trust computers to do the right thing, but they are only as good as the data.
Garbage in, garbage out. A common phrase many of us have used, and it's applicable here. Often our data sets reflect the frailty and mistakes of past human decisions and may not be the best choices for how to train machines that will assist us in the future. They are useful, but we ought to be aware and cognizant of the bias that might exist in our data.
I do think machine learning and artificial intelligence are useful in our world. They improve our lives, and they can help reduce the common mistakes that humans can make and improve our lives. They also can be flawed, and we ought to be careful about how much we rely on them. Certainly the early deployment of any type of model should be controlled, limited, and carefully monitored. Whether this is for a model driving a car, approving loans, or identifying pictures. All your training and testing will likely be with limited data, so be wary when releasing these items into the wider world.


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Star Wars in gaming has had a bit of a rough history, encompassing both some of the most beloved games and worst flops we've ever seen. Due in part to the renewed recent popularity Star Wars is seeing under Disney, along with a few recent video game successes, all Star Wars games will now fall under the newly formed Lucasfilm Games banner.
Announced today on StarWars.com, the Lucasfilm Games banner isn't a publisher or even a development studio, but rather a unifying brand header and licensor that houses all officially licensed Star Wars games. Speculation at the time is saying that Disney is preparing for 2023, when EA's 10-year contract exclusivity for Star Wars games will end. At that time, it's expected that Disney will begin licensing out the Star Wars brand to various publishers and developers.
"[Luscasfilm is] a name that encompasses the company's rich catalog of video games and its eye toward the future," the announcement says. It seems to be a similar tactic Disney is using for Marvel, using the Marvel Games header and branding to unify all Marvel titles no matter which developer or publisher they are being made under. They released a short sizzle reel of past Star Wars projects, with an eye towards the future.
Back in 2013, EA first landed a 10-year contract for all Star Wars games, but the publisher ended up with a lot of false starts, cancellations, and failed to fully make use of the license until more recently, with lauded releases like Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order and Star Wars Squadrons. Though it's unknown what exactly the formation of Lucasfilm Games means for EA's ability to develop new Star Wars games, many expect Disney to open up the brand's licensing to other studios in order to broaden the interactive Star Wars portfolio. While EA may lose its Star Wars exclusivity, games like Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order almost ensure the publisher will still be able to create titles within the Star Wars universe.
Lucasfilm Games is actually full circle in terms of branding. Lucasfilm Games existed back in the '80s, created by George Lucas. It was later rebranded to LucasArts in 1990, the company behind lauded adventure games that incubated industry talent like Tim Schafer and Ron Gilbert. While the new Lucasfilm Games is a brand header and licensor as opposed to its own production company or developer of its own, it still shows a renewed commitment to the Star Wars brand within the interactive space.
[Source: StarWars.com; Via: IGN]


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Astra sells BMW through an entirely owned subsidiary referred to as PT Tjahja Sakti Motor. The first BMW to be assembled domestically was the 520/4, which was sent CKD and inbuilt Jakarta by PT Indonesia Service Coy. 780 E12 had been assembled from 1976 until 1981, with the 520/6 replacing the four-cylinder in 1978. Indonesia Service Coy later constructed the E28, E30, E36, and E34 models, until meeting was taken over by the PT Gaya Motor company in 1993.
- In 1981, the Government declared that no engine built in Indonesia was to be of lower than one liter's displacement by 1985.
- The excessive price of failures and repairs – and the influence of asset downtime – are points that hold everyone awake at evening.
- Essential to a lot of the working population and their households all around the world.
United States completely dominated the world trade for the primary half …


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Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that arises from the inner lining (endometrium) of the uterus. It is one of the most common cancers affecting the female reproductive organs.
Endometrial cancer is not a medical emergency, however, early diagnosis and management prevent complications, morbidity, and mortality.
Endometrial carcinoma may be of the following types:
This cancer is caused when there is a mutation in the cells of the inner lining of the uterus and their rapid multiplication. While the exact cause is not fully understood, several risk factors can contribute to its development.
Some risk factors for the development of endometrial cancer include:
The symptoms and signs may include:
Some investigations that are done for endometrial cancer include:
A diagnosis is established based on medical history, clinical evaluation, and results of the investigations done.
The staging of carpus uterine cancer is as follows:
Grading of carpus uterine cancer is done as follows:
The treatment of endometrial cancer is to remove the disease and prevent its spread. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment in combination with medical management and radiotherapy.
Medical management includes:
Surgical intervention is the treatment of choice upon diagnosis of corpus uterine cancer, and the following procedures are done:
Radiotherapy is done as an adjunct to surgical intervention and with chemotherapy in advanced corpus uterine cancer. Radiotherapy is not required for stage I & II endometrial cancer after surgery. Radiotherapy may include:
Some measures that can help in the prevention of endometrial cancer include:
Some complications of corpus uterine cancer and surgical interventions for its treatment include:
The prognosis for corpus uterine cancer that is identified and treated early is generally very good. The prognosis of corpus uterine cancer that is diagnosed in later stages and of cancers with certain cell types are generally poor.
It is advisable to seek medical attention if the symptoms and signs of corpus uterine cancer are noticed.
Hospitalization will be required for the surgical management of corpus uterine cancer.
Screening for corpus uterine cancer via regular and periodic check-ups, imaging, and biopsies is recommended in women who are at high risk, such as those having a history of Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colon Cancer, ovarian cancer, or breast cancer, etc.
Endometrial cancer will be treated by specialists from the department of gynecological oncology, gynecology, & obstetrics.


text: On Thu, Mar 23, 2000 at 01:29:49AM +0100, Nicholas Francis wrote: > > > QoS ? > > > > Quality of Service. > > Sorry for being dumb, but what exactly is this ? Well, in the past, QoS has sometimes had more specific connotations for particular technologies, such as ATM, but the term is now used more broadly to refer to a network's ability to provide better service to selected traffic for various technologies, including IP routed networks. IP packets could be sorted and classified into different traffic classes (through different mechanisms) and these classes could be handled appropriately based on various criterias including application type, user and application ID, source or destination IP address, time of day, ... QoS parameters could be available bandwidth, link and end-to-end path utilization, delay, latency, induced jitter ... It is a very hot topic in the provider's world, since they want to offer different types of quality - indeed for a different amount of money. Interdomain QoS agreements and signaling are non-trivial things to solve ;) Cheers, Matthias -- Matthias Kranz firstname.lastname@example.com http://www.belug.org/~kranz "Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try again. Fail again. Fail better." (Samuel Beckett)


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Internships for course credit at UTEP must be arranged in the specific departments. They will count for your LAHP honors minor, with approval by the LAHP director and/or the LAHP faculty liaison committee.
The list below is not exhaustive; if you take an internship course at UTEP for which you want LAHP honors credit, request it from the LAHP director.
ART 3309: Exhibition Practices II
This course is an internship-style learning experience at the Stan Lee and Gerald Rubin Center for the Visual Arts or another museum that builds upon the expertise and skills developed in Art 3308/Exhibition Practices I. For nine hours each week the student will experience firsthand the working environment of a museum under the supervision of a qualified professional. Tasks may range from researching specific objects or ideas, to greeting visitors, to writing educational exhibitions labels, to interviewing artists and scholars, to installing exhibitions. Completion of this course and ART 3306 and ART 3308 will fulfill requirements necessary for the award of a certificate of completion in Exhibitions Practices. This course can be used to fulfill the College of Liberal Arts general education requirement for Fine and Performing Arts. Prerequisite: ART 3308 with a grade of "C" or better. Course fee required.
ART 4356: Internship
Upon the recommendation of the instructor, the student may be placed in a design firm, art studio, television station, or an advertising agency. This opportunity provides the student with actual work experience in a professional setting. Prerequisites:18 hours in Graphic Design, a minimum GPA of 3.0 in Graphic Design and instructor's approval. Laboratory fee required.
COMM 4300: Internship
Students in this program are provided an opportunity to gain practical experience through unremunerated professional participation in the activities of professional firms, agencies, or
departments in their major emphasis area. Prerequisites: GPA 2.5, department approval, junior standing, either COMM 1370 or MC 3102, and either COMM 2371 or MC 3201.
CRIJ 4309: Internship in Criminal Justice I
First part of a program in which the student is assigned two days (or 16-20 hours) each week to a criminal justice agency. A weekly seminar is also required. Designed to provide the student with an opportunity to apply academic training in practical situations. Prerequisite: Consent of the Program Director and Upper division standing.
CRIJ 4310: Internship in Criminal Justice II
Second part of a program in which the student is assigned two days (or 16-20 hours) each week to a criminal justice agency. A weekly seminar is also required. Designed to provide the student with an opportunity to apply academic training in practical situations. Prerequisite: Consent of the Program Director and successful completion of CRIJ 4309.
POLS 3354: Internship
A course offered for students who have, or want to be assigned to a work-related experience that is relevant to Political Science. Prerequisites: POLS 2310 and POLS 2311; and either POLS 2312 or junior standing.
ANTH 4303: Internship
A course in which students do internships relevant to applied cultural anthropology or archeology and cultural heritage management. Weekly reports, meetings with the internship supervisor, and substantial written assignments with academic content are also required or students. The internship gives students opportunities to apply academic training in practical settings, preparing them for careers and advanced study. Prerequisite: Department approval.
THEA 3331: Theatre Internship
Practical experience as a technician and/or performer at an approved summer or year-round theatre. Prerequisite: Departmental approval.
WS 3320: Internship in Women's Studies
Field-based learning experience to explore the relationship between feminist theory and collective action. Student is assigned two days (or 12-16) hours) each week to an agency or organization in the El Paso/Juarez area that addresses women's or gender or sexuality issues. Includes a weekly seminar and final research project. Requires consent of the course instructor and the program director. Prerequisite: WS 2300 with a grade of "C" or better. WS 2300 may be taken concurrently with WS 3320.


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Antarctic ozone has been regarded as a major driver of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) circulation change in the recent past. Here, we show that Antarctic ozone can also affect the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) prediction during the SH spring. Its impact is quantified by conducting two reforecast experiments with the Global Seasonal Forecasting System 5 (GloSea5). Both reforecasts are initialized on September 1st of each year from 2004 to 2020 but with different stratospheric ozone: one with climatological ozone and the other with year-to-year varying ozone. The reforecast with climatological ozone, which is common in the operational S2S prediction, shows the skill re-emergence in October after a couple of weeks of no prediction skill in the troposphere. This skill re-emergence, mostly due to the stratosphere–troposphere dynamical coupling, becomes stronger in the reforecast with year-to-year varying ozone. The surface prediction skill also increases over Australia. This result suggests that a more realistic stratospheric ozone could lead to improved S2S prediction in the SH spring. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Original language | American English |
Article number | 25 |
Journal | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science |
Volume | 9 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2022, The Author(s).
- Antarctic ozone
- Downward coupling
- Subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction


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Rating in 2024: 4.00Voted: 1Popularity: 745
Name Leah backwards (ananym): Hael
There are multiple origins and translations for the name Leah:
1. Akkadian name which actually means - "cow".
2. Hebrew (לאה) in a figurative sense - "weary, tired; antelope".
Leah - the name of the wife of Jacob who was tricked by her father Laban into marrying her insted of her sister Rachel.
3. Old English name semantics - "meadow, clearing in a woodland, lea".
4. Comes from the Greek word (λεία) [lea] and translates as - "smooth".


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