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To read about some contradictions
in the Bible please click here.
To read about some contradictions
in the Quran please click here.
To read about some contradictions and
errors in theology of the Holy Spirit please click here.
To read about some errors in theology
of Jehovah's Witnesses please click here.
To read about some errors
in theology of Judaism please click here.
To read about some errors
in theology of Islam please click here.
To read about some errors
in theology of Hinduism please click here.
To read about some errors
in theology of ISKCON (a.k.a. Hare Krishna movement or Hare Krishnas)
please click here.
To read about some errors
in theology of Urantia Book please click here.
To read about some errors
in theology of Alexey Vasilevich Trekhlebov (Vedaman Vedagor) (in Russian) please click here.
To read about some errors in
theology of CPS (Concept of Public Safety) (in Russian)
please click here.
To read about some errors
in theology of various cults please click here.
Christians claim that the Christian religion is true, because there
are more than 2 billion Christians in the world, and it is impossible
that 2 billion people could be wrong.
When debating with the Christian remind him that there are 2 billion
Muslims in the world, and then ask a Christian the question: can 2
billion people be wrong? Is there any possibility that 2 billion people
could be wrong? This elementary simple question puts a Christian in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumentum_ad_populum |
In argumentation theory, an
argumentum ad populum (Latin for "appeal to the people") is a
fallacious argument that concludes that a proposition is true because
many or most people believe it: "If many believe so, it is so." This type of argument is known by several names, including appeal to the masses, appeal to belief, appeal to the majority, appeal to democracy, appeal to popularity, argument by consensus, consensus fallacy, authority of the many, bandwagon fallacy, vox populi, and in Latin as argumentum ad numerum ("appeal to the number"), fickle crowd syndrome, and consensus gentium ("agreement of the clans"). It is also the basis of a number of social phenomena, including communal reinforcement and the bandwagon effect. The Chinese proverb "three men make a tiger" concerns the same idea. |
Wikipedia |
In Christianity there are more than 41 thousand of Christian
denominations and each of them believes in different dogmas.
http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/ |
Global Christianity – A Report
on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population |
December 19, 2011 |
http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/12/ChristianityAppendixB.pdf http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf |
In many countries, censuses and
demographic surveys do not include the
detailed denominational affiliation and religious self-identification
measures necessary for determining the size of global movements within
Christianity (such as evangelicalism, pentecostalism and the
charismatic movement). The figures on Christian movements in this
report were commissioned by the Pew Forum from the Center for the Study
of Global Christianity (CSGC) at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary in
South Hamilton, Mass. CSGC researchers generated their estimates based
in large part on figures provided by Christian denominations and
organizations around the world. CSGC has obtained denominational
membership information from about 41,000
organizations worldwide. |
Appendix B: Methodology for
Estimating Christian Movements, "Global Christianity: A Report on the
Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population", The Pew
Forum on Religion & Public Life, December 19, 2011. |
It is interesting to note that there are several denominations of
Christians whose dogmas claim the Jesus is not the God – as for
example, Jehovah's Witnesses claim that Jesus is not the God.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nontrinitarianism |
Nontrinitarianism (or
antitrinitarianism) refers to monotheistic belief systems, primarily
within Christianity, which reject or disavow the Christian doctrine of
the Trinity, namely, the teaching that God is three distinct hypostases
or persons and yet co-eternal, co-equal, and indivisibly united in one
essence or ousia. Modern nontrinitarian Christian groups or denominations include Christadelphians, Christian Scientists, Dawn Bible Students, Friends General Conference, Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehovah's Witnesses, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), La Luz del Mundo, Living Church of God, Oneness Pentecostals, Unitarian Universalist Christians and the United Church of God. |
Wikipedia |
http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/2009083 |
Is Jesus Almighty God? <...> Jesus claimed to be the Son of God, not Almighty God. If Jesus were God, to whom was he praying while here on earth? (Matthew 14:23; 26:26-29) Surely Jesus was not just pretending to talk to someone else! |
Watch Tower Online Library.
Jehovah's Witnesses Official Web
Site |
http://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/questions/is-jesus-almighty/ |
Is Jesus Almighty God? The Bible's answer Jesus' opposers accused him of making himself equal to God. (John 5:18; 10:30-33) However, Jesus never claimed to be on the same level as Almighty God. He said: "The Father is greater than I am." — John 14:28. Jesus' early followers did not view him as being equal to Almighty God. For example, the apostle Paul wrote that after Jesus was resurrected, God "exalted him [Jesus] to a superior position." Obviously, Paul did not believe that Jesus was Almighty God. Otherwise, how could God exalt Jesus to a superior position? — Philippians 2:9. |
Watch Tower Online Library.
Jehovah's Witnesses Official Web
Site |
However all Christian denominations share one common ground – they
all claim that "New Testament" is holy and has no error. So let's have
a closer look at the text of "New Testament".
All the material about Christian theology below is divided into small
logical chapters and each chapter ends with a question which you should
ask a Christian during the debate about Christianity.
Christians claim that all biblical prophecies were fulfilled or will
be fulfilled in future. So let's a have a closer look at the prophecies
of New Testament.
In Matthew 24:1-34 (and also in Mark
13:24-31, Mark 9:1, Luke 9:23-27) Jesus
makes prophecies that: 1) the Second Coming of Jesus, 2) "End of the
and 3) Judgment Day are going to happen within the lifetime of people
then living in that area ("this generation will not pass away until
all these things take place").
However all theses prophecies of Jesus have failed – the generation of
Jesus have all died out without ever seeing the fulfillment of
prophecies of Jesus.
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+24&version=ESV |
1 Jesus left the temple and was
going away, when his disciples came to
point out to him the buildings of the temple. 2 But he answered them, "You see all these, do you not? Truly, I say to you, there will not be left here one stone upon another that will not be thrown down." 3 As he sat on the Mount of Olives, the disciples came to him privately, saying, "Tell us, when will these things be, and what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?" 4 And Jesus answered them, "See that no one leads you astray. <....> 27 For as the lightning comes from the east and shines as far as the west, so will be the coming of the Son of Man. 28 Wherever the corpse is, there the vultures will gather. 29 "Immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, and the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken. 30 Then will appear in heaven the sign of the Son of Man, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. 31 And he will send out his angels with a loud trumpet call, and they will gather his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other. 32 "From the fig tree learn its lesson: as soon as its branch becomes tender and puts out its leaves, you know that summer is near. 33 So also, when you see all these things, you know that he is near, at the very gates. 34 Truly, I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all these things take place. 35 Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away. |
Bible. Matthew 24:1-35 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+13&version=ESV |
24 "But in those days, after
that tribulation, the sun will be
darkened, and the moon will not give its light, 25 and the stars will be falling from heaven, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken. 26 And then they will see the Son of Man coming in clouds with great power and glory. 27 And then he will send out the angels and gather his elect from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of heaven. 28 "From the fig tree learn its lesson: as soon as its branch becomes tender and puts out its leaves, you know that summer is near. 29 So also, when you see these things taking place, you know that he is near, at the very gates. 30 Truly, I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all these things take place. 31 Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away. 32 "But concerning that day or that hour, no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father. 33 Be on guard, keep awake.For you do not know when the time will come. 34 It is like a man going on a journey, when he leaves home and puts his servants in charge, each with his work, and commands the doorkeeper to stay awake. 35 Therefore stay awake—for you do not know when the master of the house will come, in the evening, or at midnight, or when the rooster crows, or in the morning— 36 lest he come suddenly and find you asleep. 37 And what I say to you I say to all: Stay awake." |
Bible. Mark 13:24-32 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+9&version=ESV |
1 And he said to them, "Truly,
I say to you, there are some standing here
who will not taste death until they see the kingdom of God after it has
come with power." |
Bible. Mark 9:1 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+9&version=ESV |
23 And he said to all, "If
anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross
daily and follow me. 24 For whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will save it. 25 For what does it profit a man if he gains the whole world and loses or forfeits himself? 26 For whoever is ashamed of me and of my words, of him will the Son of Man be ashamed when he comes in his glory and the glory of the Father and of the holy angels. 27 But I tell you truly, there are some standing here who will not taste death until they see the kingdom of God." |
Bible. Luke 9:23-27 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+10&version=ESV |
5 These twelve Jesus sent out,
instructing them, "Go nowhere among the Gentiles and enter no town of
the Samaritans, <...> 14 And if anyone will not receive you or listen to your words, shake off the dust from your feet when you leave that house or town. 15 Truly, I say to you, it will be more bearable on the day of judgment for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah than for that town. |
Bible. Matthew 10:5-15 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+10&version=ESV |
1 After this the Lord appointed
seventy-two others and sent them on ahead of him, two by two, into
every town and place where he himself was about to go. 2 And he said to them, "The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few. Therefore pray earnestly to the Lord of the harvest to send out laborers into his harvest. <...> 10 But whenever you enter a town and they do not receive you, go into its streets and say, 11 'Even the dust of your town that clings to our feet we wipe off against you. Nevertheless know this, that the kingdom of God has come near.' 12 I tell you, it will be more bearable on that day for Sodom than for that town. |
Bible. Luke 10:1-12 |
Christians try to explain this obviously unfulfilled prophecy of Jesus
using a verse [Matthew 24:36].
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+24&version=ESV |
36 "But concerning that day and
hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, nor the Son, but the
Father only. |
Bible. Matthew 24:36 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+13&version=ESV |
32 "But concerning that day or
that hour, no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son,
but only the Father. |
Bible. Mark 13:32 |
However, it is very easy to show that this counterargument of
Christians is false.
The point is that Christians confuse the [exact date] with the [time
We will provide an analogy for clarity.
we predict when it will snow: "we cannot accurately predict the exact
day and time when it will snow, however we can guarantee that snow will
surely fall some day during the year starting from today".
Likewise the prophecy of Jesus says too that the exact "day and hour
no one knows", however the time period is defined – "this
generation will not pass away until
all these things take place", "there are some standing here who
will not taste death until they see the kingdom of God after it has
come with power".
The God Yahweh/Jehovah said very clearly in the Bible: if the
is not fulfilled then such prophet is a false prophet (Deuteronomy
18:20-22), which means that Jesus is a false prophet according to
the Bible.
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+18&version=ESV |
20 But the prophet who presumes
to speak a word in my name that I have not commanded him to speak, or
who speaks in the name of other gods, that same prophet shall die.' 21 And if you say in your heart, 'How may we know the word that the Lord has not spoken?'— 22 when a prophet speaks in the name of the Lord, if the word does not come to pass or come true, that is a word that the Lord has not spoken; the prophet has spoken it presumptuously. You need not be afraid of him. |
Bible. Deuteronomy 18:20-22 |
Question #1: Please explain the reasons why we should
believe in the false prophet Jesus if the prophecies of Jesus were not
Christians claim that the proof of Jesus divinity is the fact that
Jesus performed miracles. Let's analyze this claim more detailed.
We will remind that Moses had performed miracles just like Jesus.
Question: is Moses considered to be God?
No, Moses is not God.
Many biblical prophets performed miracles too.
Question: are these biblical prophets considered to be Gods?
No, these biblical prophets are not Gods.
Many shamans and black magicians can do miracles too.
Question: are these shamans and black magicians considered to be Gods?
No, these shamans and black magicians are not Gods.
Even the Satan himself can do the miracles.
Below are several verses from the Bible which clearly state
that performance of miracles is the proof of demonic possession.
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+7&version=ESV |
22 But the magicians of Egypt
did the same by their secret arts. So Pharaoh's heart remained
hardened, and he would not listen to them, as the Lord had said. |
Bible. Exodus 7:22 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Thessalonians+2&version=ESV |
9 The coming of the lawless one
is by the activity of Satan with all power and false signs and wonders, 10 and with all wicked deception for those who are perishing, because they refused to love the truth and so be saved. |
Bible. 2 Thessalonians 2:9-10 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+24&version=ESV |
24 For false christs and false
prophets will arise and perform great signs and wonders, so as to lead
astray, if possible, even the elect. 25 See, I have told you beforehand. |
Bible. Matthew 24:24-25 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+13&version=ESV |
11 Then I saw another beast
rising out of the earth. It had two horns like a lamb and it spoke like
a dragon. 12 It exercises all the authority of the first beast in its presence, and makes the earth and its inhabitants worship the first beast, whose mortal wound was healed. 13 It performs great signs, even making fire come down from heaven to earth in front of people, 14 and by the signs that it is allowed to work in the presence of the beast it deceives those who dwell on earth, telling them to make an image for the beast that was wounded by the sword and yet lived. |
Bible. Revelation 13:11-14 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+19&version=ESV |
20 And the beast was captured,
and with it the false prophet who in its presence had done the signs by
which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and
those who worshiped its image. These two were thrown alive into the
lake of fire that burns with sulfur. |
Bible. Revelation 19:20 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Corinthians+11&version=ESV |
13 For such men are false
apostles, deceitful workmen, disguising themselves as apostles of
Christ. 14 And no wonder, for even Satan disguises himself as an angel of light. |
Bible. 2 Corinthians 11:13-14 |
In verse [Mark 10:18] Jesus clearly said that Jesus is not God,
Jesus clearly distinguishes himself from God.
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+10&version=ESV |
17 And as he was setting out on
his journey, a man ran up and knelt before him and asked him, "Good
Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?" 18 And Jesus said to him, "Why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone. |
Bible. Mark 10:17-18 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27&version=ESV |
46 And about the ninth hour Jesus
cried out with a loud voice, saying, "Eli, Eli, lema
sabachthani?" that is, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" |
Bible. Matthew 27:46 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+15&version=ESV |
34 And at the ninth hour Jesus
cried with a loud voice, "Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?" which
means, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" |
Bible. Mark 15:34 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+20&version=ESV |
17 Jesus said to her,
"Do not cling to me, for I have not yet ascended to the Father; but go
to my brothers and say to them, 'I am ascending to my Father and
your Father, to my God and your God.'" |
Bible. John 20:17 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+12&version=ESV |
29 Jesus answered, "The most
important is, 'Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one. |
Bible. Mark 12:29 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+8&version=ESV |
28 So Jesus said to them, "When
you have lifted up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am he, and
that I do nothing on my own authority, but speak just as the
Father taught me. |
Bible. John 8:28 |
Question #2: Performance of miracles is not the proof of
divinity, isn't it?(nota bene: this question is not
applicable to nontrinitarian Christian groups, like for example
Jehovah's Witnesses, who do not believe that Jesus is God.)
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+1&version=ESV |
21 She will bear a son, and you
shall call his name Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins." 22 All this took place to fulfill what the Lord had spoken by the prophet: 23 "Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and they shall call his name Immanuel" (which means, God with us). |
Bible. Matthew 1:21-23 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+7&version=ESV |
14 Therefore the Lord himself
will give you a sign. Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son,
and shall call his name Immanuel. |
Bible. Isaiah 7:14 |
When you show to Christians that it is clearly written in Bible that
the name of the Messiah should be "Immanuel" and not "Jesus" or
and when you ask the Christians the question "please explain the
reasons why we should believe in the impostor-false-Messiah-Jesus?"
Christians try to get out with the help of several counterarguments,
which are very easy to smash to smithereens.
Counter argument #1.
Christians claim that the name "Immanuel" means "God is with us".
However such interpretation is irrelevant, because all names mean
something, as for example, the name "Jesus" means "Yahweh is
salvation", the name "Christ" means "anointed one", etc.
Each name has some meaning.
The meaning of the name has nothing to do with the fact that the
parents of the Messiah must give their son the name "Immanuel".
Also, it is important to note that no one ever called Jesus using the
name "Immanuel", even in adulthood.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus |
Etymology <...> The name Jesus is derived from the Latin Iesus, a transliteration of the Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iesous). The Greek form is a rendering of the Hebrew ישוע (Yeshua), a variant of the earlier name יהושע (Yehoshua), in English "Joshua". <...> The etymology of Jesus' name in the context of the New Testament is generally given as "Yahweh is salvation".<...> The word Christ is derived from the Greek Χριστός (Christos), which is a translation of the Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (Meshiakh), meaning the "anointed" and usually transliterated into English as "Messiah". |
Wikipedia |
Counter argument #2.
Christians claim that the Messiah allegedly has many names, and Isaiah
allegedly also wrote other names of the Messiah: Wonderful Counselor,
Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace (Isaiah 9:6).
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+9&version=ESV |
6 For to us a child is born, to
us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder, and
his name shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting
Father, Prince of Peace. |
Bible. Isaiah 9:6 |
Such an argument is erroneous because epithets and titles have
nothing to do with the name given by the parents to their newborn child.
The list "Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father,
Prince of Peace" is a list of epithets/titles; this is not a list
of names.
A person receives epithets/titles later in his adulthood. And it is the
parents who give the name to their child at the time of birth.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithet |
An epithet (from Greek: ἐπίθετον
epitheton, neuter of ἐπίθετος epithetos, "attributed, added") is a
byname, or a descriptive term (word or phrase), accompanying or
occurring in place of a name and having entered common usage. It has
various shades of meaning when applied to seemingly real or fictitious
people, divinities, objects, and binomial nomenclature. It can also be
a descriptive title: for example, Pallas Athena, Alfred the Great,
Suleiman the Magnificent or Władysław I the Elbow-high. |
Wikipedia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title |
A title is one or more words used before or after a person's name, in certain contexts. It may signify either veneration, an official position, or a professional or academic qualification. In some languages, titles may be inserted between the first and last name (for example, Graf in German, Cardinal in Catholic usage (Richard Cardinal Cushing) or clerical titles such as Archbishop). Some titles are hereditary. |
Wikipedia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_name |
A personal name or full name is the set of names by which an individual is known and that can be recited as a word-group, with the understanding that, taken together, they all relate to that one individual. In many cultures, the term is synonymous with the birth name or legal name of the individual. The academic study of personal names is called anthroponymy. |
Wikipedia |
Moreover, all these epithets "Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God,
Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace" are completely not applicable
to Jesus – no one ever called Jesus using these epithets:
1) no one ever called Jesus using an epithet "Everlasting Father"
– on the contrary, they called him "Son of man" or "Son of God";
2) no one ever called Jesus using an epithet "Wonderful Counselor";
3) no one ever called Jesus using an epithet «Mighty God»;
4) no one ever called Jesus using an epithet «Prince of Peace»;
The Prophet Isaiah clearly indicated that the parents of the Messiah
should give their son the name "Immanuel" and the epithets of the
Messiah should be "Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting
Father, Prince of Peace".
In other words, the prophet Isaiah clearly said that Jesus is not the
Messiah, therefore God killed the false messiah Jesus.
Below is the list of biblical names.
As you can see, there are no names in this list "Wonderful
Counselor, Mighty God,
Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace" – this is because these are
not names, but epithets.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Lists_of_biblical_names |
Lists of biblical names |
Wikipedia |
Below is a list of false messiahs.
Jesus is also the false messiah.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_messiah_claimants |
List of messiah claimants This is a list of people who have been said to be a messiah, either by themselves or by their followers. The list is divided into categories, which are sorted according to date of birth (where known). Jewish messiah claimants In Judaism, "messiah" originally meant a divinely appointed king, such as David, Cyrus the Great or Alexander the Great. Later, especially after the failure of the Hasmonean Kingdom (37 BC) and the Jewish–Roman wars (AD 66-135), the figure of the Jewish Messiah was one who would deliver the Jews from oppression and usher in an Olam Haba ("world to come") or Messianic Age. However the term "false messiah" was largely absent from rabbinic literature. The first mention is in the Sefer Zerubbabel, from the mid-seventh century, which uses the term, mashiah sheker, ("false messiah"). The false messiah is known as Armilus. ● Simon of Peraea (c. Unknown – 4 BCE), a former slave of Herod the Great who rebelled and was killed by the Romans. ● Jesus of Nazareth (c. 5 BCE – 30 CE), leader of a Jewish sect who was crucified by the Romans at the instigation of Jewish leaders; Jews who believed him to be the Messiah were the first Christians, also known as Jewish Christians. Muslims, Christians and Messianic Jews believe him to be the real Messiah. ● Athronges (c. 3 CE), a shepherd turned rebel leader. ● Simon bar Kokhba (died c. 135), founded a short-lived Jewish state before being defeated in the Second Jewish-Roman War. ● Moses of Crete, who in about 440–470 persuaded the Jews of Crete to walk into the sea, as Moses had done, to return to Israel. The results were disastrous and he soon disappeared. ● Ishak ben Ya'kub Obadiah Abu 'Isa al-Isfahani (684–705), who led a revolt in Persia against the Umayyad Caliph 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. ● David Alroy, born in Kurdistan, who around 1160 agitated against the caliph before being assassinated. ● Moses Botarel of Cisneros, active around 1413; claimed to be a sorcerer able to combine the names of God. ● Asher Lämmlein, a German near Venice who proclaimed himself a forerunner of the Messiah in 1502. ● David Reubeni (1490–1541?) and Solomon Molcho (1500–1532), messianic adventurers who travelled in Portugal, Italy and Turkey; Molcho, who was a baptised Catholic, was tried by the Inquisition, convicted of apostasy and burned at the stake. ● Sabbatai Zevi (1626–1676), an Ottoman Jew who claimed to be the Messiah, but then converted to Islam; still has followers today in the Donmeh. ● Jacob Querido (?–1690), claimed to be the new incarnation of Sabbatai; later converted to Islam and led the Donmeh. ● Miguel Cardoso (1630–1706), another successor of Sabbatai who claimed to be the "Messiah ben Ephraim." ● Löbele Prossnitz (?–1750), attained some following amongst former followers of Sabbatai, calling himself the "Messiah ben Joseph." ● Jacob Joseph Frank (1726–1791), who claimed to be the reincarnation of King David and preached a synthesis of Christianity and Judaism. Christian messiah claimants Verses in the Christian Bible tell that Jesus will come again in some fashion; various people have claimed to, in fact, be the second coming of Jesus. Others have been styled a new messiah still under the umbrella of Christianity. The Synoptic gospels (Matthew 24:4, 6, 24; Mark 13:5, 21-22; and Luke 21:3) all use the term pseudochristos for messianic pretenders. There is the concept of the Antichrist, or Antichrists, false messiahs. ● Simon Magus (early 1st century), was a Samaritan, and a native of Gitta; he was considered a god in Simonianism; he "darkly hinted" that he himself was Christ, calling himself the Standing One. ● Dositheos the Samaritan (mid 1st century), was one of the supposed founders of Mandaeanism. After the time of Jesus he wished to persuade the Samaritans that he himself was the Messiah prophesied by Moses. Dositheus pretended to be the Christ (Messiah), applying Deuteronomy 18:15 to himself, and he compares him with Theudas and Judas the Galilean. ● Tanchelm of Antwerp (c. 1110), who violently opposed the sacrament and the Eucharist. ● Ann Lee (1736–1784), a central figure to the Shakers, who thought she "embodied all the perfections of God" in female form and considered herself to be Christ's female counterpart in 1772. ● Bernhard Müller (c. 1799–1834) claimed to be the Lion of Judah and a prophet in possession of the Philosopher's stone. ● John Nichols Thom (1799–1838), who had achieved fame and followers as Sir William Courtenay and adopted the claim of Messiah after a period in a mental institute. ● Arnold Potter (1804–1872), Latter Day Saint schismatic leader; called himself "Potter Christ" ● Hong Xiuquan (1814–1864), Hakka Chinese; claimed himself to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ; started the Taiping Rebellion and founded the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace. Committed suicide before the fall of Tianjing (Nanjing) in 1864. ● Mirza Husayn 'Ali Nuri, Bahá'u'lláh (1817–1864), born Shiite, adopting Bábism later in life, he claimed to be the promised one of all religions, and founded the Bahá'í Faith. ● Jacobina Mentz Maurer (1841 or 1842-1874) was a German-Brazilian woman who lived and died in the state of Rio Grande do Sul who emerged as a messianic prophetess, a representation of God, and later declared the very reincarnation of Jesus Christ on earth by her German-speaking community called Die Muckers (or the false saints) by her enemies, Die Spotters (or the mockers). After a number of deadly confrontations with outsiders, Jacobina was shot to death together with many of her followers by the Brazilian Imperial Army. ● William W. Davies (1833–1906), Latter Day Saint (Mormon) schismatic leader; claimed that his infant son Arthur (born 1868) was the reincarnated Jesus Christ. ● Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian, India (1835–1908), claimed to be the awaited Mahdi as well as (Second Coming) and likeness of Jesus the promised Messiah at the end of time, being the only person in Islamic history who claimed to be both. He claimed to be Jesus in the metaphorical sense; in character. He founded the Ahmadiyya Movement in 1889 envisioning it to be the rejuvenation of Islam, and claimed to be commissioned by God for the reformation of mankind. He declared that Jesus survived crucifixion and died a natural death having migrated towards the east. ● Cyrus Reed Teed (October 18, 1839 - December 22, 1908, erroneously Cyrus Tweed) was a U.S. eclectic physician and alchemist turned religious leader and messiah. In 1869, claiming divine inspiration, Dr. Teed took on the name Koresh and proposed a new set of scientific and religious ideas he called Koreshanity. ● Father Divine (George Baker) (c. 1880 – September 10, 1965), an African American spiritual leader from about 1907 until his death who claimed to be God. ● André Matsoua (1899–1942), Congolese founder of Amicale, proponents of which subsequently adopted him as Messiah in the late 1920s. ● Samael Aun Weor (1917–1977), born Víctor Manuel Gómez Rodríguez, Colombian citizen and later Mexican, was an author, lecturer and founder of the 'Universal Christian Gnostic Movement', according to him, 'the most powerful movement ever founded'. By 1972, he referenced that his death and resurrection would be occurring before 1978. ● Ahn Sahng-hong (1918–1985), founder of the World Mission Society Church of God and worshiped by the members as the messiah. Sun Myung Moon (1920–2012), founder and leader of the Unification Church established in Seoul, South Korea, who considered himself the Second Coming of Christ, but not Jesus himself. Although it is generally believed by Unification Church members ("Moonies") that he was the Messiah and the Second Coming of Christ and was anointed to fulfill Jesus' unfinished mission. ● Yahweh ben Yahweh (1935–2007), born as Hulon Mitchell, Jr., a black nationalist and separatist who created the Nation of Yahweh and allegedly orchestrated the murder of dozens of persons. ● Laszlo Toth (1940-2012) claimed he was Jesus Christ as he battered Michelangelo's Pieta with a geologist hammer. ● Wayne Bent (born 1941), also known as Michael Travesser of the Lord Our Righteousness Church, also known as the "Strong City Cult", convicted December 15, 2008 of one count of criminal sexual contact of a minor and two counts of contributing to the delinquency of a minor in 2008. ● Iesu Matayoshi (born 1944), in 1997 he established the World Economic Community Party based on his conviction that he is God and the Christ. ● Jung Myung Seok (born 1945), a South Korean who was a member of the Unification Church in the 1970s, before breaking off to found the dissenting group now known as Providence Church in 1980. He also considers himself the Second Coming of Christ, but not Jesus himself in 1980. He believes he has come to finish the incomplete message and mission of Jesus Christ, asserting that he is the Messiah and has the responsibility to save all mankind. He claims that the Christian doctrine of resurrection is false but that people can be saved through him. ● Claude Vorilhon now known as Raël "messenger of the Elohim" (born 1946), a French professional test driver and former automobile journalist became founder and leader of UFO religion the Raël Movement in 1972, which teaches that life on Earth was scientifically created by a species of extraterrestrials, which they call Elohim. He claimed he met an extraterrestrial humanoid in 1973 and became the Messiah. Then devoted himself to the task he said was given by his "biological father", an extraterrestrial named Yahweh. ● José Luis de Jesús (1946–2013), founder and leader of Creciendo en Gracia sect (Growing In Grace International Ministry, Inc.), based in Miami, Florida. He claimed to be both Jesus Christ returned and the Antichrist, and exhibited a "666" tattoo on his forearm. He has referred to himself as Jesucristo Hombre, which translates to "Jesus Christ made Man". ● Inri Cristo (born 1948) of Indaial, Brazil, a claimant to be the second Jesus. ● Apollo Quiboloy (born 1950), founder and leader of the Kingdom of Jesus Christ religious group, who claims that Jesus Christ is the "Almighty Father," that Quiboloy is "His Appointed Son," and that salvation is now completed. Proclaims himself as the "Appointed Son of the God" not direct to the point as the "Begotten Son of the God" in 1985. ● David Icke (born 1952), of Great Britain, has described himself as "the son of God", and a "channel for the Christ spirit". ● Brian David Mitchell was born on October 18, 1953 in Salt Lake City, Utah, he believed himself the fore-ordained angel born on earth to be the Davidic "servant" prepared by God as a type of Messiah who would restore the divinely led kingdom of Israel to the world in preparation for Christ's second coming. (Mitchell's belief in such an end-times figure – also known among many fundamentalist Latter Day Saints as "the One Mighty and Strong" – appeared to be based in part on a reading of the biblical book of Isaiah by the independent LDS Hebraist, Avraham Gileadi, with which Mitchell became familiar from his former participation with Stirling Allan's American Study Group.) ● David Koresh (Vernon Wayne Howell) (1959–1993), leader of the Branch Davidians. ● Maria Devi Christos (born 1960), founder of the Great White Brotherhood. ● Sergey Torop (born 1961), who started to call himself "Vissarion", founder of the Church of the Last Testament and the spiritual community Ecopolis Tiberkul in Southern Siberia. ● Alan John Miller (born 1962), founder of Divine Truth, a new religious movement based in Australia. Alan John Miller, also known as A.J., who claims to be Jesus of Nazareth through reincarnation. Miller was formerly an elder in the Jehovah's Witnesses. ● David Shayler (born 1965), former MI5 agent and whistleblower who declared himself the Messiah on 7 July 2007. Muslim messiah claimants Islamic tradition has a prophecy of the Mahdi, who will come alongside the return of Isa (Jesus). There is also a prophecy of the Masih ad-Dajjal, a false messiah. ● Muhammad Jaunpuri (1443–1505), who traveled Northeastern India; he influenced the Mahdavia and the Zikris. ● Báb (1819–1850), who declared himself to be the promised Mahdi in Shiraz, Iran in 1844. (Related to Baha'i claims.) ● Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908) of Qadian, 'the Promised Messiah' return of Jesus as well as the 'Mahdi', founder of the Ahmadiyya religious movement. He preached that Jesus Christ had survived crucifixion and died a natural death. He was the only person in Islamic history to have claimed to be both the promised return of Jesus as well as the promised Mahdi. ● Muhammad Ahmad ("The Mad Mahdi") (1844–1885), who declared himself the Mahdi in 1881, defeated the Ottoman Egyptian authority, and founded a short-lived empire in Sudan. ● Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan (1864–1920), who led the Dervish State in present-day Somalia in a two-decade long resistance movement between 1900 and 1920. ● Rashad Khalifa (1935–1990), an Egyptian-American biochemist who claimed that he had discovered a mathematical code in the text of the Qur'an involving the number 19; he later claimed to be the "Messenger of the Covenant" and founded the "Submitters International" movement before being murdered. ● Juhayman al-Otaibi (1936–1980), who seized the Grand Mosque in Mecca in November 1979 and declared his son-in-law the Mahdi. Other/combination messiah claimants This list features people who are said, either by themselves or their followers, to be some form of a messiah that do not easily fit into only Judaism, Christianity and Islam. ● Haile Selassie of Ethiopia (1892–1975), Messiah of the Rastafari movement. Never claimed himself to be Messiah, but was thus proclaimed by Leonard Howell, amongst others. ● André Matsoua (1899–1942), Congolese founder of Amicale, proponents of which subsequently adopted him as Messiah. ● Samael Aun Weor (1917–1977), born Víctor Manuel Gómez Rodríguez, Colombian citizen and later Mexican, was an author, lecturer and founder of the 'Universal Christian Gnostic Movement', according to him, 'the most powerful movement ever founded'. By 1972, Samael Aun Weor referenced that his death and resurrection would be occurring before 1978. ● Nirmala Srivastava (1923–2011), guru and goddess of Sahaja Yoga, proclaimed herself to be the Comforter promised by Jesus (that is, the incarnation of the Holy Ghost / Adi Shakti). ● Jose Luis de Jesus Miranda (born 1946 - died 2013), a Puerto Rican preacher who had claimed to be both "the Man Jesus Christ" and the Antichrist at the same time. He claimed he was indwelled with the same spirit that dwelled in Jesus, however, Miranda also contradicted his claims of being Christ incarnate by also claiming he was the Antichrist, even going as far as tattooing the number of the beast (666) on his forearm, a behavior his followers also adopted. Founder of the "Growing in Grace" ministries, Miranda died on August 14, 2013 due to liver cancer. ● Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi (born 25 November 1941) is a spiritual leader and the founder of the spiritual movements Messiah Foundation International (MFI) and Anjuman Serfaroshan-e-Islam. He is controversial for being declared the Mehdi, Messiah, and Kalki Avatar by the MFI. ● Raël, leader of the International Raëlian Movement (born 30 September 1946); Rael claimed he met an extraterrestrial being in 1973 and became the Messiah. ● World Teacher (unknown), a being claimed to be the Theosophical Maitreya and the Messiah (promised one) of all religions. He is said to have descended from the higher planes and manifested a physical body in early 1977 in the Himalayas, then on 19 July 1977 he is said to have taken a commercial airplane flight from Pakistan to England. He is currently said to be living in secret in London; promoted by New Age activist Benjamin Creme and his organization, Share International (See Maitreya (Benjamin Creme)). ● Ryuho Okawa (born 7 July 1956), is the founder of Happy Science in Japan. Okawa claims to channel the spirits of Muhammad, Christ, Buddha and Confucius and claims to be the incarnation of the supreme spiritual being called El Cantare. |
Wikipedia |
Question #3: If a man believes in the prophecy of God's
prophet Isaiah that the parents of Messiah must give their newborn son
the name "Immanuel" – is this faith of this man correct or not? Please
explain the reasons why we should
believe in the impostor-false-Messiah-Jesus?
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+4&version=ESV |
20 And he rolled up the scroll
and gave it back to the attendant and sat down. And the eyes of all in
the synagogue were fixed on him. 21 And he began to say to them, "Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing." 22 And all spoke well of him and marveled at the gracious words that were coming from his mouth. And they said, "Is not this Joseph's son?" 23 And he said to them, "Doubtless you will quote to me this proverb, '"Physician, heal yourself." What we have heard you did at Capernaum, do here in your hometown as well.'" 24 And he said, "Truly, I say to you, no prophet is acceptable in his hometown. |
Bible. Luke
4:20-24 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+13&version=ESV |
53 And when Jesus had finished
these parables, he went away from there, 54 and coming to his hometown he taught them in their synagogue, so that they were astonished, and said, "Where did this man get this wisdom and these mighty works? 55 Is not this the carpenter's son? Is not his mother called Mary? And are not his brothers James and Joseph and Simon and Judas? 56 And are not all his sisters with us? Where then did this man get all these things?" 57 And they took offense at him. But Jesus said to them, "A prophet is not without honor except in his hometown and in his own household." 58 And he did not do many mighty works there, because of their unbelief. |
Bible. Matthew
13:53-58 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+6&version=ESV |
1 He went away from there and
came to his hometown, and his disciples followed him. 2 And on the Sabbath he began to teach in the synagogue, and many who heard him were astonished, saying, "Where did this man get these things? What is the wisdom given to him? How are such mighty works done by his hands? 3 Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary and brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon? And are not his sisters here with us?" And they took offense at him. 4 And Jesus said to them, "A prophet is not without honor, except in his hometown and among his relatives and in his own household." 5 And he could do no mighty work there, except that he laid his hands on a few sick people and healed them. 6 And he marveled because of their unbelief. |
Bible. Mark 6:1-6 |
Jesus publicly declared that he does not recognize his own mother as
mother, and he does not recognize his own siblings as siblings, because
they do not attend lectures of Jesus and they do not believe in Jesus
(Mark 3:31-35).
It is important to note that there is no greater insult for a mother
than telling your own mother that you do not recognize her as your
Jesus totally ignored and did not communicate with his siblings, and
even with his own mother.
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+3&version=ESV |
20 Then he went home, and the
crowd gathered again, so that they could not even eat. 21 And when his family heard it, they went out to seize him, for they were saying, "He is out of his mind." <...> 31 And his mother and his brothers came, and standing outside they sent to him and called him. 32 And a crowd was sitting around him, and they said to him, "Your mother and your brothers[c] are outside, seeking you." 33 And he answered them, "Who are my mother and my brothers?" 34 And looking about at those who sat around him, he said, "Here are my mother and my brothers! 35 For whoever does the will of God, he is my brother and sister and mother." [c] Mark 3:32 Other manuscripts add and your sisters |
Bible. Mark 3:31-35 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+2&version=ESV |
48 And when his parents saw him,
they were astonished. And his mother said to him, "Son, why have you
treated us so? Behold, your father and I have been searching for you in
great distress." 49 And he said to them, "Why were you looking for me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father's house?" 50 And they did not understand the saying that he spoke to them. |
Bible. Luke 2:48-50 |
Moreover, Jesus forbid his disciples to communicate with their family
members, if these family members do not believe in the teachings of
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+14&version=ESV |
26 "If anyone comes to me and does not hate his own father and mother and wife and children and brothers and sisters, yes, and even his own life, he cannot be my disciple. |
Bible. Luke 14:26 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+12&version=ESV |
51 Do you think that I have come
to give peace on earth? No, I tell you, but rather division. 52 For from now on in one house there will be five divided, three against two and two against three. 53 They will be divided, father against son and son against father, mother against daughter and daughter against mother, mother-in-law against her daughter-in-law and daughter-in-law against mother-in-law." |
Bible. Luke 12:51-53 |
When Jesus was crucified on the cross, Mary, the mother of Jesus, came
to the cross (John 19:26).
Jesus, even hanging on the cross, insultingly called his mother "a
woman" instead of "my beloved mother" (John 19:26).
Therefore, Mary, the mother of Jesus, stood silently near the cross for
a while and then went home.
When Jesus died, neither Jesus' mother Mary, nor his siblings, nor any
of Jesus' family members took care to get the dead body of Jesus, and
none of Jesus' family members even came to visit the dead Jesus.
A completely alien man, a religious adept named Joseph of Arimathea,
buried the body of Jesus.
However, it is obvious that when a man dies, his closest family member
should take care of the funeral.
Because Bible clearly states that the mother of Jesus came to the
cross, it is obvious that the mother knew perfectly where Jesus was
located and that he was crucified.
Therefore, it is impossible to elude claiming allegedly that mother of
Jesus was sick or she did not know that Jesus was crucified, and
therefore she did not come to the funeral of Jesus.
The mother of Jesus knew very well that Jesus was crucified and that
Jesus died, and she knew perfectly where the dead body of Jesus was
located, however mother of Jesus did not even lift a finger to take
care of the funeral of Jesus.
It is important to note that when a man begins to spread his faith, at
first he begins to spread his faith to his closest family members, and
only later goes to strangers.
It is obvious that Jesus was not able to deceive any of the members of
his family – none from family members of Jesus believed that Jesus is
the Messiah.
When God killed false prophet Jesus, none from family members of Jesus
came to the funeral of Jesus, even mother Mary did not come to the
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+19&version=ESV |
25 but standing by the cross of
Jesus were his mother and his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas,
and Mary Magdalene. 26 When Jesus saw his mother and the disciple whom he loved standing nearby, he said to his mother, "Woman, behold, your son!" 27 Then he said to the disciple, "Behold, your mother!" And from that hour the disciple took her to his own home. 28 After this, Jesus, knowing that all was now finished, said (to fulfill the Scripture), "I thirst." 29 A jar full of sour wine stood there, so they put a sponge full of the sour wine on a hyssop branch and held it to his mouth. 30 When Jesus had received the sour wine, he said, "It is finished," and he bowed his head and gave up his spirit. 31 Since it was the day of Preparation, and so that the bodies would not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), the Jews asked Pilate that their legs might be broken and that they might be taken away. 32 So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first, and of the other who had been crucified with him. 33 But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs. 34 But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and at once there came out blood and water. 35 He who saw it has borne witness—his testimony is true, and he knows that he is telling the truth—that you also may believe. 36 For these things took place that the Scripture might be fulfilled: "Not one of his bones will be broken." 37 And again another Scripture says, "They will look on him whom they have pierced." 38 After these things Joseph of Arimathea, who was a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, asked Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus, and Pilate gave him permission. So he came and took away his body. 39 Nicodemus also, who earlier had come to Jesus by night, came bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about seventy-five pounds in weight. 40 So they took the body of Jesus and bound it in linen cloths with the spices, as is the burial custom of the Jews. 41 Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden, and in the garden a new tomb in which no one had yet been laid. 42 So because of the Jewish day of Preparation, since the tomb was close at hand, they laid Jesus there. |
Bible. John
19:25-42 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27&version=ESV |
45 Now from the sixth hour there
was darkness over all the land until the ninth hour. 46 And about the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, saying, "Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?" that is, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" 47 And some of the bystanders, hearing it, said, "This man is calling Elijah." 48 And one of them at once ran and took a sponge, filled it with sour wine, and put it on a reed and gave it to him to drink. 49 But the others said, "Wait, let us see whether Elijah will come to save him." 50 And Jesus cried out again with a loud voice and yielded up his spirit. 51 And behold, the curtain of the temple was torn in two, from top to bottom. And the earth shook, and the rocks were split. 52 The tombs also were opened. And many bodies of the saints who had fallen asleep were raised, 53 and coming out of the tombs after his resurrection they went into the holy city and appeared to many. 54 When the centurion and those who were with him, keeping watch over Jesus, saw the earthquake and what took place, they were filled with awe and said, "Truly this was the Son[i] of God!" 55 There were also many women there, looking on from a distance, who had followed Jesus from Galilee, ministering to him, 56 among whom were Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of James and Joseph and the mother of the sons of Zebedee. 57 When it was evening, there came a rich man from Arimathea, named Joseph, who also was a disciple of Jesus. 58 He went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. Then Pilate ordered it to be given to him. 59 And Joseph took the body and wrapped it in a clean linen shroud 60 and laid it in his own new tomb, which he had cut in the rock. And he rolled a great stone to the entrance of the tomb and went away. 61 Mary Magdalene and the other Mary were there, sitting opposite the tomb. |
Bible. Matthew
27:45-61 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+15&version=ESV |
33 And when the sixth hour had
come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour. 34 And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, "Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?" which means, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" 35 And some of the bystanders hearing it said, "Behold, he is calling Elijah." 36 And someone ran and filled a sponge with sour wine, put it on a reed and gave it to him to drink, saying, "Wait, let us see whether Elijah will come to take him down." 37 And Jesus uttered a loud cry and breathed his last. 38 And the curtain of the temple was torn in two, from top to bottom. 39 And when the centurion, who stood facing him, saw that in this way he breathed his last, he said, "Truly this man was the Son of God!" 40 There were also women looking on from a distance, among whom were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the younger and of Joses, and Salome. 41 When he was in Galilee, they followed him and ministered to him, and there were also many other women who came up with him to Jerusalem. 42 And when evening had come, since it was the day of Preparation, that is, the day before the Sabbath, 43 Joseph of Arimathea, a respected member of the council, who was also himself looking for the kingdom of God, took courage and went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. 44 Pilate was surprised to hear that he should have already died. And summoning the centurion, he asked him whether he was already dead. 45 And when he learned from the centurion that he was dead, he granted the corpse to Joseph. 46 And Joseph bought a linen shroud, and taking him down, wrapped him in the linen shroud and laid him in a tomb that had been cut out of the rock. And he rolled a stone against the entrance of the tomb. 47 Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses saw where he was laid. |
Bible. Mark 15:33-47 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+23&version=ESV |
39 One of the criminals who were
hanged railed at him, saying, "Are you not the Christ? Save yourself
and us!" 40 But the other rebuked him, saying, "Do you not fear God, since you are under the same sentence of condemnation? 41 And we indeed justly, for we are receiving the due reward of our deeds; but this man has done nothing wrong." 42 And he said, "Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom." 43 And he said to him, "Truly, I say to you, today you will be with me in paradise." 44 It was now about the sixth hour, and there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour, 45 while the sun's light failed. And the curtain of the temple was torn in two. 46 Then Jesus, calling out with a loud voice, said, "Father, into your hands I commit my spirit!" And having said this he breathed his last. 47 Now when the centurion saw what had taken place, he praised God, saying, "Certainly this man was innocent!" 48 And all the crowds that had assembled for this spectacle, when they saw what had taken place, returned home beating their breasts. 49 And all his acquaintances and the women who had followed him from Galilee stood at a distance watching these things. 50 Now there was a man named Joseph, from the Jewish town of Arimathea. He was a member of the council, a good and righteous man, 51 who had not consented to their decision and action; and he was looking for the kingdom of God. 52 This man went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. 53 Then he took it down and wrapped it in a linen shroud and laid him in a tomb cut in stone, where no one had ever yet been laid. 54 It was the day of Preparation, and the Sabbath was beginning. 55 The women who had come with him from Galilee followed and saw the tomb and how his body was laid. 56 Then they returned and prepared spices and ointments. On the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment. |
Bible. Luke
23:39-56 |
The apostle Judas surrendered Jesus for 30 pieces of silver, which
in today's money is equivalent to 200 dollars, which is a small
symbolic sum, which means that Judas did not become a billionaire and
did not become rich. This means that it is not all about money; Judas
would have surrendered Jesus absolutely free. The fact is that the
apostle Judas did not believe that Jesus is the Messiah. The apostle
Judas went everywhere with Jesus, Judas saw all the miracles Jesus
performed, but Judas did not believe that Jesus is the Messiah.
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26&version=ESV |
14 Then one of the twelve, whose
name was Judas Iscariot, went to the
chief priests 15 and said, "What will you give me if I deliver him over to you?" And they paid him thirty pieces of silver. 16 And from that moment he sought an opportunity to betray him. |
Bible. Matthew 26:14-16 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+27&version=ESV |
3 Then when Judas, his betrayer,
saw that Jesus was condemned, he changed his mind and brought back
the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and the elders, |
Bible. Matthew 27:3 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_pieces_of_silver | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thirty pieces of silver was the
price for which Judas Iscariot betrayed Jesus, according to an account
in the Gospel of Matthew 26:15 in the New Testament. <...> The word used in Matthew 26:15 (ἀργύρια, argyria) simply means "silver coins," and scholars disagree on the type of coins that would have been used. Donald Wiseman suggests two possibilities. They could have been tetradrachms of Tyre, usually referred to as Tyrian shekels (14 grams of 94% silver), or staters from Antioch (15 grams of 75% silver), which bore the head of Augustus. Alternatively, they could have been Ptolemaic tetradrachms (13.5 ± 1 g of 25% silver). There are 31.1035 grams per troy ounce. At spot valuation of $17.06/oz (the closing price on Monday, December 12, 2016), 30 "pieces of silver" would be worth between $185 and $216 in present-day value (USD).
The Tyrian shekel weighed four Athenian drachmas, about 14 grams, more than earlier 11-gram Israeli shekels, but was regarded as the equivalent for religious duties at that time. Because Roman coinage was only 80% silver, the purer (94% or more) Tyrian shekels were required to pay the temple tax in Jerusalem. The money changers referenced in the New Testament Gospels (Matt. 21:12 and parallels) exchanged Tyrian shekels for common Roman currency. The 5th century BC Athenian tetradrachm ("four drachmae") coin was perhaps the most widely used coin in the Greek world before the time of Alexander the Great (along with the Corinthian stater). It featured the helmeted profile bust of Athena on the obverse (front) and an owl on the reverse (back). In daily use they were called γλαῦκες glaukes (owls), hence the proverb Γλαῦκ' Ἀθήναζε, 'an owl to Athens', referring to something that was in plentiful supply, like 'coals to Newcastle'. The reverse is featured on the national side of the modern Greek 1 euro coin. Drachmae were minted on different weight standards at different Greek mints. The standard that came to be most commonly used was the Athenian or Attic one, which weighed a little over 4.3 grams. A drachma was approximately a day's pay for a skilled laborer. So 30 pieces of silver (30 tetradrachm), at four drachmas each, would roughly be comparable to four months' (120 days) wages. |
Wikipedia |
Question #4: Please explain the reasons why we should believe
in Jesus if none from family members of Jesus believed that he is the
Messiah? None from family members of Jesus believed in Jesus – are they
all burning in hell now?
Jesus told to his apostles that they must heal people and they must not take any money.
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+10&version=ESV |
2 The names of the twelve
apostles are these: first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his
brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; 3 Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; 4 Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him. 5 These twelve Jesus sent out, instructing them, "Go nowhere among the Gentiles and enter no town of the Samaritans, 6 but go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. 7 And proclaim as you go, saying, 'The kingdom of heaven is at hand.' 8 Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse lepers, cast out demons. You received without paying; give without pay. 9 Acquire no gold or silver or copper for your belts, 10 no bag for your journey, or two tunics or sandals or a staff, for the laborer deserves his food. |
Bible. Matthew 10:2-10 |
However let's look more closely how apostles behave after the
of Jesus.
Apostle Paul maims a man by making him blind (Acts 13:9-10).
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+13&version=ESV |
9 But Saul, who was also called
Paul, filled with the Holy Spirit, looked intently at him 10 and said, "You son of the devil, you enemy of all righteousness, full of all deceit and villainy, will you not stop making crooked the straight paths of the Lord? 11 And now, behold, the hand of the Lord is upon you, and you will be blind and unable to see the sun for a time." Immediately mist and darkness fell upon him, and he went about seeking people to lead him by the hand. |
Bible. Acts 13:9-10 |
Apostle Peter together with other apostles extort money and property
from the people and kill people who do not give all their money (Acts
4:32-37; 5:1-11).
The extortions and killings done by apostles spread great fear and
terror upon the whole population (Acts 5:11).
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+4&version=ESV |
32 Now the full number of those
who believed were of one heart and soul, and no one said that any of
the things that belonged to him was his own, but they had everything in
common. 33 And with great power the apostles were giving their testimony to the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, and great grace was upon them all. 34 There was not a needy person among them, for as many as were owners of lands or houses sold them and brought the proceeds of what was sold 35 and laid it at the apostles' feet, and it was distributed to each as any had need. 36 Thus Joseph, who was also called by the apostles Barnabas (which means son of encouragement), a Levite, a native of Cyprus, 37 sold a field that belonged to him and brought the money and laid it at the apostles' feet. |
Bible. Acts 4:32-37 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+5&version=ESV |
1 But a man named Ananias, with
his wife Sapphira, sold a piece of property, 2 and with his wife's knowledge he kept back for himself some of the proceeds and brought only a part of it and laid it at the apostles' feet. 3 But Peter said, "Ananias, why has Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit and to keep back for yourself part of the proceeds of the land? 4 While it remained unsold, did it not remain your own? And after it was sold, was it not at your disposal? Why is it that you have contrived this deed in your heart? You have not lied to man but to God." 5 When Ananias heard these words, he fell down and breathed his last. And great fear came upon all who heard of it. 6 The young men rose and wrapped him up and carried him out and buried him. 7 After an interval of about three hours his wife came in, not knowing what had happened. 8 And Peter said to her, "Tell me whether you sold the land for so much." And she said, "Yes, for so much." 9 But Peter said to her, "How is it that you have agreed together to test the Spirit of the Lord? Behold, the feet of those who have buried your husband are at the door, and they will carry you out." 10 Immediately she fell down at his feet and breathed her last. When the young men came in they found her dead, and they carried her out and buried her beside her husband. 11 And great fear came upon the whole church and upon all who heard of these things. |
Bible. Acts 5:1-11 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extortion |
Extortion (also called
shakedown, outwresting, and exaction) is a criminal offense of
obtaining money, property, or services from a person, entity, or
institution, through coercion. Refraining from doing harm is sometimes
euphemistically called protection. Extortion is commonly practiced by
organized crime groups. The actual obtainment of money or property is
not required to commit the offense. Making a threat of violence which
refers to a requirement of a payment of money or property to halt
future violence is sufficient to commit the offense. Exaction refers
not only to extortion or the unlawful demanding and obtaining of
something through force, but additionally, in its formal definition,
means the infliction of something such as pain and suffering or making
somebody endure something unpleasant. Extortion is distinguished from robbery. In robbery, whether armed or not, the offender takes property from the victim by the immediate use of force or fear that force will be immediately used (as in the classic line, "Your money or your life.") Extortion, which is not limited to the taking of property, involves the verbal or written instillation of fear that something will happen to the victim if they do not comply with the extortionist's will. Another key distinction is that extortion always involves a verbal or written threat, whereas robbery does not. In United States federal law, extortion can be committed with or without the use of force and with or without the use of a weapon. In blackmail, which always involves extortion, the extortionist threatens to reveal information about a victim or their family members that is potentially embarrassing, socially damaging, or incriminating unless a demand for money, property, or services is met. The term extortion is often used metaphorically to refer to usury or to price-gouging, though neither is legally considered extortion. It is also often used loosely to refer to everyday situations where one person feels indebted against their will, to another, in order to receive an essential service or avoid legal consequences. Neither extortion nor blackmail require a threat of a criminal act, such as violence, merely a threat used to elicit actions, money, or property from the object of the extortion. Such threats include the filing of reports (true or not) of criminal behavior to the police, revelation of damaging facts (such as pictures of the object of the extortion in a compromising position), etc. |
Wikipedia |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism |
In the international community, terrorism has no legally binding, criminal law definition. Common definitions of terrorism refer only to those violent acts that are intended to create fear (terror); are perpetrated for a religious, political, or ideological goal; and deliberately target or disregard the safety of non-combatants (e.g., neutral military personnel or civilians). |
Wikipedia |
In modern totalitarian cults the adepts are maimed and killed in the
name of the Holy Spirit and the money is extorted from the adepts. New
Testament describes how apostles Paul and Peter maimed people and
extorted money and property from the people and killed people who do
not give all their money (Acts
13:9-11 and Acts
4:32-37; 5:1-11)
and these extortions and killings were done in the name of the Holy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peoples_Temple |
The People's Temple of the
Disciples of Christ, commonly shortened to Peoples Temple, was a New
Religious Movement founded in 1955 by Jim Jones. By the mid-1970s it
included over a dozen locations in California including its
headquarters in San Francisco. It is best known for the events of November 18, 1978, in Guyana, in which 920 people died at the Peoples Temple Agricultural Project (informally, and now commonly, called "Jonestown") and nearby airstrip at Port Kaituma, and Georgetown in an organized mass murder/suicide. The mass suicide and killings at Jonestown resulted in the greatest single loss of American civilian life in a deliberate act prior to the events of September 11, 2001. Casualties at the airstrip included, among others, US Congressman Leo Ryan. |
Wikipedia |
Question #5: What are the moral values of organization which
terrorize and kill people and
which extort money and property from a people through coercion?
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+12&version=ESV |
14 And Jesus found a young
donkey and sat on it, just as it is written, 15 "Fear not, daughter of Zion; behold, your king is coming, sitting on a donkey's colt!" 16 His disciples did not understand these things at first, but when Jesus was glorified, then they remembered that these things had been written about him and had been done to him. |
Bible. John 12:14-16 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+19&version=ESV |
27 But as for these enemies of
mine, who did not want me to reign over them, bring them here and
slaughter them before me.'" 28 And when he had said these things, he went on ahead, going up to Jerusalem. 29 When he drew near to Bethphage and Bethany, at the mount that is called Olivet, he sent two of the disciples, 30 saying, "Go into the village in front of you, where on entering you will find a colt tied, on which no one has ever yet sat. Untie it and bring it here. 31 If anyone asks you, 'Why are you untying it?' you shall say this: 'The Lord has need of it.'" 32 So those who were sent went away and found it just as he had told them. 33 And as they were untying the colt, its owners said to them, "Why are you untying the colt?" 34 And they said, "The Lord has need of it." 35 And they brought it to Jesus, and throwing their cloaks on the colt, they set Jesus on it. 36 And as he rode along, they spread their cloaks on the road. 37 As he was drawing near—already on the way down the Mount of Olives—the whole multitude of his disciples began to rejoice and praise God with a loud voice for all the mighty works that they had seen, 38 saying, "Blessed is the King who comes in the name of the Lord! Peace in heaven and glory in the highest!" |
Bible. Luke 19:28-38 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+21&version=ESV |
1 Now when they drew near to
Jerusalem and came to Bethphage, to the Mount of Olives, then Jesus
sent two disciples, 2 saying to them, "Go into the village in front of you, and immediately you will find a donkey tied, and a colt with her. Untie them and bring them to me. 3 If anyone says anything to you, you shall say, 'The Lord needs them,' and he will send them at once." 4 This took place to fulfill what was spoken by the prophet, saying, 5 "Say to the daughter of Zion, 'Behold, your king is coming to you, humble, and mounted on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a beast of burden.'" 6 The disciples went and did as Jesus had directed them. 7 They brought the donkey and the colt and put on them their cloaks, and he sat on them. |
Bible. Matthew 21:1-7 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+11&version=ESV |
1 Now when they drew near to
Jerusalem, to Bethphage and Bethany, at the Mount of Olives, Jesus sent
two of his disciples 2 and said to them, "Go into the village in front of you, and immediately as you enter it you will find a colt tied, on which no one has ever sat. Untie it and bring it. 3 If anyone says to you, 'Why are you doing this?' say, 'The Lord has need of it and will send it back here immediately.'" 4 And they went away and found a colt tied at a door outside in the street, and they untied it. 5 And some of those standing there said to them, "What are you doing, untying the colt?" 6 And they told them what Jesus had said, and they let them go. 7 And they brought the colt to Jesus and threw their cloaks on it, and he sat on it. |
Bible. Mark 11:1-7 |
Let's analyze in more detail the verse of the entry of Christ into
Jerusalem and the donkey.
Let's call a spade a spade.
Jesus tells his disciples to steal the donkey ("find a colt tied
<...> Untie it and bring it here"). The donkey is tied, and
means that this donkey has an owner, this donkey belongs to someone,
this donkey is someone's property.
Jesus did not tell his disciples "ask the owner to the sell/lent/give
away his donkey." If the owner was asked, maybe the owner would gladly
agree to sell/lend/give away his donkey – however before taking the
donkey you must ask the owner if he agrees to sell/lend/give away his
donkey, mustn't you?
However, Jesus did not ask the owner about his donkey; Jesus ordered
his disciples to steal the donkey ("find a colt tied
<...> Untie it and bring it here").
Jesus also specifies the needed "technical specifications" of the
donkey which the disciples of Jesus need to steal – the one "on
no one has ever yet sat."
This is similar to scenario, as if we would ask the thief of cars:
"you've got to steal a car of such and such a model/brand, of such and
such a color, of such and such technical specification."
The disciples of Jesus are well aware that the theft of a donkey is
bad/unacceptable act, so Jesus gives them the further instructions in
the case if people standing nearby will witness the theft of the
donkey: "If anyone asks you, 'Why are you untying it?' you shall say
this: 'The Lord has need of it.'" Jesus instructs his disciples
that if
they will fail to steal the donkey imperceptibly, then they must simply
expropriate/confiscate the donkey (i.e. they must take the donkey
without the owner's permission). And Jesus provides an additional
explanation that the reason for the confiscation is: "The Lord has
of it."
In the exact same way, during the communist revolution, the Bolsheviks
expropriated/confiscated the grain/wagons/plows/donkeys/cows/horses/etc
from the farmers – the Bolsheviks explained the
expropriation/confiscation very simply: "the donkey is needed by
Lenin/revolution/communism/etc", and Bolsheviks took the donkey without
the owner's permission.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expropriation |
The process of expropriation
"occurs when a public agency (for example, the provincial government
and its agencies, regional districts, municipalities, school boards,
post-secondary insuitutions and utilities) takes private property for a
purpose deemed to be in the public interest". Unlike eminent domain,
expropriation may also refer to the taking of private property by a
private entity authorized by a government to take property in certain
situations. The term appears as "expropriation of expropriators (ruling classes)" in Marxist theory, and also as the slogan "Loot the looters!" ("грабь награбленное"), which was very popular during the Russian October Revolution. The term is also used to describe nationalization campaigns by communist states, such as dekulakization and collectivization in the USSR. This also took place later on in the forced flight and Expulsion of the Germans after World War Two mandated by the Potsdam Agreement, as well as the Greek Genocide, Armenian Genocide and Assyrian Genocide perpetrated by the Young Turks government and late Ottoman Empire in modern day Turkey. One example of expropriation occurred between the United States and Mexico in 1938 when the Mexican President signed an order that expropriated almost all of the foreign oil companies operating in Mexico. This initially turned out to have great negative consequences on the Mexican economy when their oil exports were boycotted by major oil companies, decreasing exports dramatically, but later on the economic benefits of this move became apparent, with the new national oil company PEMEX being an important contributor to the Mexican Miracle, and other countries soon followed with oil nationalisation carried out in much of Latin America and the developing world. Due to political risks that are involved when countries engage in international business it is important to understand the expropriation risks and laws within each of the countries that business is conducted in in order to protect your rights as an investor in that country. |
Wikipedia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminent_domain |
Eminent domain (United States,
the Philippines), compulsory purchase (United Kingdom, New Zealand,
Ireland), resumption (Hong Kong), resumption/compulsory acquisition
(Australia), or expropriation (South Africa, Canada) is the power of a
state or a national government to take private property for public use.
However, it can be legislatively delegated by the state to
municipalities, government subdivisions, or even to private persons or
corporations, when they are authorized to exercise the functions of
public character. The property may be taken either for government use or by delegation to third parties, who will devote it to public or civic use or, in some cases, to economic development. The most common uses of property taken by eminent domain are for government buildings and other facilities, public utilities, highways, and railroads. However, it may also be taken for reasons of public safety, as in the case of Centralia, Pennsylvania. Some jurisdictions require that the condemnor make an offer to purchase the subject property, before resorting to the use of eminent domain. |
Wikipedia |
We will remind that Jesus Christ is God. Why the God would need the
donkey? Jesus can walk on his foot, just like all other people (as for
example, Jesus' disciples were walking on their foot). Jesus wanted to
portray that supposedly he fulfils the biblical prophecy which said
that the Messiah will arrive into Jerusalem riding on a donkey – this
prophecy was the reason why Jesus desperately needed to get the donkey
in order to force people into believing that he is the Messiah
described in the biblical prophecy.
Again, we will remind that Jesus is God, so, if Jesus needs the donkey,
then he can create the donkey out of thin air, because he is the God,
and God can easily create the donkey out of thin air. However, Jesus
decides to expropriate/confiscate the donkey without asking owner's
permission. Maybe this donkey belongs to some very poor peasant, thus
by taking away his donkey, the peasant will die of hunger, because the
donkey is his sole asset. However Jesus does not care that the donkey
has the owner, and Jesus commands his disciples to
expropriate/confiscated the donkey. The disciples obeyed to that
command of Jesus, and during the theft of the donkey the nearby people
saw the theft and asked "Why are you untying it?", however the
disciples simply expropriated/confiscated the donkey as Jesus commanded
to do.
Christians claim that Jesus Christ is the example of goodness;
Christians say that we should all behave the same as Jesus Christ.
Jesus Christ with his behavior has showed us an example and taught us
how to live and how to behave – do you agree with this or not?
The verses provided above from the New Testament (in four Gospels)
describes that Jesus commanded his disciples to expropriate/confiscate
the donkey. Jesus teaches us that you can not steal, however Jesus
himself steals the donkey.
Question #6: Please explain what we can learn from the group of
people who are engaged in hijacking of vehicles? (in those days, a
donkey was a vehicle equivalent to a car).
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+22&version=ESV |
36 He said to them, "But now let
the one who has a moneybag take it, and likewise a knapsack. And let
the one who has no sword sell his cloak and
buy one. 37 For I tell you that this Scripture must be fulfilled in me: 'And he was numbered with the transgressors.' For what is written about me has its fulfillment." 38 And they said, "Look, Lord, here are two swords." And he said to them, "It is enough." |
Bible. Luke
22:36-38 |
Jesus explained to his apostles exactly why the swords are needed.
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+19&version=ESV |
27 But as for these enemies
of mine, who did not want me to
reign over them, bring them here and slaughter them before me.'" 28 And when he had said these things, he went on ahead, going up to Jerusalem. |
Bible. Luke
22:27-28 |
The apostles of Jesus used the swords against the opponents of
Jesus, exactly as Jesus had instructed them to do.
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+18&version=ESV |
1 When Jesus had spoken these
words, he went out with his disciples across the brook Kidron, where
there was a garden, which he and his disciples entered. 2 Now Judas, who betrayed him, also knew the place, for Jesus often met there with his disciples. 3 So Judas, having procured a band of soldiers and some officers from the chief priests and the Pharisees, went there with lanterns and torches and weapons. 4 Then Jesus, knowing all that would happen to him, came forward and said to them, "Whom do you seek?" 5 They answered him, "Jesus of Nazareth." Jesus said to them, "I am he." Judas, who betrayed him, was standing with them. 6 When Jesus said to them, "I am he," they drew back and fell to the ground. 7 So he asked them again, "Whom do you seek?" And they said, "Jesus of Nazareth." 8 Jesus answered, "I told you that I am he. So, if you seek me, let these men go." 9 This was to fulfill the word that he had spoken: "Of those whom you gave me I have lost not one." 10 Then Simon Peter, having a sword, drew it and struck the high priest's servant and cut off his right ear. (The servant's name was Malchus.) 11 So Jesus said to Peter, "Put your sword into its sheath; shall I not drink the cup that the Father has given me?" |
Bible. John 18:1-11 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26&version=ESV |
47 While he was still speaking,
Judas came, one of the twelve, and with him a great crowd with swords
and clubs, from the chief priests and the elders of the people. 48 Now the betrayer had given them a sign, saying, "The one I will kiss is the man; seize him." 49 And he came up to Jesus at once and said, "Greetings, Rabbi!" And he kissed him. 50 Jesus said to him, "Friend, do what you came to do." Then they came up and laid hands on Jesus and seized him. 51 And behold, one of those who were with Jesus stretched out his hand and drew his sword and struck the servant of the high priest and cut off his ear. 52 Then Jesus said to him, "Put your sword back into its place. For all who take the sword will perish by the sword. 53 Do you think that I cannot appeal to my Father, and he will at once send me more than twelve legions of angels? 54 But how then should the Scriptures be fulfilled, that it must be so?" 55 At that hour Jesus said to the crowds, "Have you come out as against a robber, with swords and clubs to capture me? Day after day I sat in the temple teaching, and you did not seize me. 56 But all this has taken place that the Scriptures of the prophets might be fulfilled." Then all the disciples left him and fled. |
Bible. Matthew 26:47-56 |
Here is the sword of Saint Peter with which Peter had struck the servant of the high priest and cut off his ear.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sword_of_Saint_Peter |
The Sword of Saint Peter
(Polish: Miecz świętego Piotra) is allegedly the sword with which the
Apostle Peter cut off the ear of the high priest's servant at the time
of Jesus' arrest in Gethsemane. The sword is wide-tipped, similar in shape to a dussack or machete. It currently resides in the Poznań Archdiocesan Museum. An exact copy of the sword, made by Bogdan Puchalski, is displayed on the wall of the Poznań Archcathedral Basilica. <...> Description The blade was made from a single piece of iron with an added small cross-guard Total length: 70.2-centimetre (27.6 in), it was probably 1-centimetre (0.4 in) or 2-centimetre (0.8 in) longer, but the tip of the sword was destroyed by corrosion Maximal width, at the tip: 9.4-centimetre (3.7 in) There is a hole 10.3-centimetre (4.1 in) from the end of the hilt, which is 0.4-centimetre (0.2 in) in diameter Sword in Archdiocesan Museum |
Wikipedia |
It is important to note that Roman law forbade carrying of swords (and any other weapons) for residents of occupied countries, the violators of this law were subjected to the death penalty by crucifixion. Carrying of swords (and any other weapons) was allowed only to Roman citizens, and even the Sanhedrin temple guards were armed only with wooden sticks and had no metallic weapons whatsoever.
http://jnt.sagepub.com/content/37/1/3?etoc |
Abstract In debating the meaning of Jesus' arrest and death at Jerusalem, scholars have paid too little attention to normal Roman practices of dealing with persons found armed in public in Rome or other cities under their control. Moreover, the idea that only one or two of Jesus' disciples were armed has been accepted uncritically in spite of the probability that more or all of them were armed. This article highlights the significance of Jesus' disciples being armed when he was arrested just outside the walls of Jerusalem, linking that fact with other details from the sources, such as Jesus' opposition to the temple, the presence of Samaritans among his early followers, the absence of lamb at the last supper, and the fact that he was executed by the Romans as a 'social rebel'. Jesus led his followers, armed, to Jerusalem to participate in a heavenly-earthly battle to overthrow the Romans and their high-priestly client rulers of Judea. |
Jesus in Jerusalem: Armed and
Not Dangerous. Journal for the Study of the New Testament September.
2014 vol. 37 no. 1 3-24 By Dale B. Martin. Yale University, USA. |
http://www.newsweek.com/2014/10/17/jesus-was-crucified-because-disciples-were-armed-bible-analysis-suggests-271436.html |
Jesus may have been crucified
because his followers were carrying weapons, according to a scholarly
analysis of New Testament books. Dale Martin, a professor of religious studies at Yale University, says that this aspect of stories about Jesus, as told in the gospels, has received too little attention, but could alone explain Jesus's execution and also show that the man from Nazareth was not the pacifist he's usually made out to be. The biblical books of Mark and Luke both state that at least one (and probably two or more) of Jesus's followers was carrying a sword when Jesus was arrested shortly after the Last Supper, at the time of the Jewish festival of Passover. One disciple, Simon Peter, even used his sword to cut off the ear of one of those arresting Jesus, according to the Gospel of John. This militant behavior almost certainly wouldn't have been tolerated by the Romans, led by the prefect Pontius Pilate, Martin tells Newsweek. For example, historical documents show that it was illegal at the time to walk about armed in Rome and in some other Roman cities. Although no legal records survive from Jerusalem, it stands to reason, based on a knowledge of Roman history, that the region's rulers would have frowned upon the carrying of swords, and especially wouldn't have tolerated an armed band of Jews roaming the city during Passover, an often turbulent festival, Martin says. "Just as you could be arrested in Rome for even having a dagger, if Jesus's followers were armed, that would be reason enough to crucify him," says Martin, whose analysis was published this month in the Journal for the Study of the New Testament. |
Jesus Was Crucified Because
Disciples Were Armed, Bible Analysis Suggests By Douglas Main. Newsweek. September 18, 2014 |
Question #7: How do you call people who carry weapons
banned by the law?
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+32&version=ESV |
Then Moses turned and went down from the mountain with the two tablets
of the testimony in his hand, tablets that were written on both sides;
on the front and on the back they were written. 16 The tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, engraved on the tablets. <...> 19 And as soon as he came near the camp and saw the calf and the dancing, Moses' anger burned hot, and he threw the tablets out of his hands and broke them at the foot of the mountain. <...> 25 And when Moses saw that the people had broken loose (for Aaron had let them break loose, to the derision of their enemies), 26 then Moses stood in the gate of the camp and said, "Who is on the Lord's side? Come to me." And all the sons of Levi gathered around him. 27 And he said to them, "Thus says the Lord God of Israel, 'Put your sword on your side each of you, and go to and fro from gate to gate throughout the camp, and each of you kill his brother and his companion and his neighbor.'" 28 And the sons of Levi did according to the word of Moses. And that day about three thousand men of the people fell. 29 And Moses said, "Today you have been ordained for the service of the Lord, each one at the cost of his son and of his brother, so that he might bestow a blessing upon you this day." |
Bible. Exodus 32:15-29 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20&version=ESV |
2 "I am the Lord your God, who
brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. 3 "You shall have no other gods before me. 4 "You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. 5 You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I the Lord your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, 6 but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments. 7 "You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain. 8 "Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. 9 Six days you shall labor, and do all your work, 10 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your male servant, or your female servant, or your livestock, or the sojourner who is within your gates. 11 For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy. 12 "Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving you. 13 "You shall not murder. 14 "You shall not commit adultery. 15 "You shall not steal. 16 "You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. 17 "You shall not covet your neighbor's house; you shall not covet your neighbor's wife, or his male servant, or his female servant, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor's." |
Bible. Exodus 20:2-17 |
Question #8: Was it good or evil when people obeyed the
commandment of Moses and killed their brothers, companions and
neighbors? Imagine that you are among the Israelites led by Moses, and
Moses commands you personally to kill your own
mother/father/brothers/sisters. Would you obey the order of Moses?
Would you kill your own mother/father/brothers by order of Moses?
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+10&version=ESV |
2 The names of the twelve
apostles are these: first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his
brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; 3 Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; 4 Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him. |
Bible. Matthew 10:2-4 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+23&version=ESV |
6 Now when Paul perceived that one part were Sadducees and the other Pharisees, he cried out in the council, "Brothers, I am a Pharisee, a son of Pharisees. It is with respect to the hope and the resurrection of the dead that I am on trial." |
Bible. Acts 23:6 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+26&version=ESV |
1 So Agrippa said to Paul, "You
have permission to speak for yourself." Then Paul stretched out his
hand and made his defense: 2 "I consider myself fortunate that it is before you, King Agrippa, I am going to make my defense today against all the accusations of the Jews, 3 especially because you are familiar with all the customs and controversies of the Jews. Therefore I beg you to listen to me patiently. 4 "My manner of life from my youth, spent from the beginning among my own nation and in Jerusalem, is known by all the Jews. 5 They have known for a long time, if they are willing to testify, that according to the strictest party of our religion I have lived as a Pharisee. |
Bible. Acts 26:1-5 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharisees |
The Pharisees (/ˈfærəˌsiːz/) were at various times a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought in the Holy Land during the Second Temple period, beginning under the Hasmonean dynasty (140–37 BCE) in the wake of the Maccabean Revolt. After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, Pharisaic beliefs became the liturgical and ritualistic basis for Rabbinic Judaism (commonly known as simply Judaism). |
Wikipedia |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+23&version=ESV |
1 Then Jesus said to the crowds
and to his disciples, 2 "The scribes and the Pharisees sit on Moses' seat, 3 so do and observe whatever they tell you, but not the works they do. For they preach, but do not practice. 4 They tie up heavy burdens, hard to bear, and lay them on people's shoulders, but they themselves are not willing to move them with their finger. 5 They do all their deeds to be seen by others. For they make their phylacteries broad and their fringes long, 6 and they love the place of honor at feasts and the best seats in the synagogues 7 and greetings in the marketplaces and being called rabbi by others. 8 But you are not to be called rabbi, for you have one teacher, and you are all brothers. <...> 13 "But woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you shut the kingdom of heaven in people's faces. For you neither enter yourselves nor allow those who would enter to go in. 15 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you travel across sea and land to make a single proselyte, and when he becomes a proselyte, you make him twice as much a child of hell as yourselves. 16 "Woe to you, blind guides, who say, 'If anyone swears by the temple, it is nothing, but if anyone swears by the gold of the temple, he is bound by his oath.' 17 You blind fools! For which is greater, the gold or the temple that has made the gold sacred? 18 And you say, 'If anyone swears by the altar, it is nothing, but if anyone swears by the gift that is on the altar, he is bound by his oath.' 19 You blind men! For which is greater, the gift or the altar that makes the gift sacred? 20 So whoever swears by the altar swears by it and by everything on it. 21 And whoever swears by the temple swears by it and by him who dwells in it. 22 And whoever swears by heaven swears by the throne of God and by him who sits upon it. 23 "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you tithe mint and dill and cumin, and have neglected the weightier matters of the law: justice and mercy and faithfulness. These you ought to have done, without neglecting the others. 24 You blind guides, straining out a gnat and swallowing a camel! 25 "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you clean the outside of the cup and the plate, but inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence. 26 You blind Pharisee! First clean the inside of the cup and the plate, that the outside also may be clean. |
Bible. Matthew 23:1-8, 23:13-26 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+12&version=ESV |
38 And in his teaching he said,
"Beware of the scribes, who like to walk around in long robes and like
greetings in the marketplaces 39 and have the best seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at feasts, 40 who devour widows' houses and for a pretense make long prayers. They will receive the greater condemnation." |
Bible. Mark 12:38-40 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+7&version=ESV |
The Stoning of Stephen 54 Now when they heard these things they were enraged, and they ground their teeth at him. 55 But he, full of the Holy Spirit, gazed into heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God. 56 And he said, "Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God." 57 But they cried out with a loud voice and stopped their ears and rushed together at him. 58 Then they cast him out of the city and stoned him. And the witnesses laid down their garments at the feet of a young man named Saul. 59 And as they were stoning Stephen, he called out, "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit." 60 And falling to his knees he cried out with a loud voice, "Lord, do not hold this sin against them." And when he had said this, he fell asleep. |
Bible. Acts 7:54-60 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+8&version=ESV |
1And Saul approved of his
execution. And there arose on that day a great persecution against the
church in Jerusalem, and they were all scattered throughout the regions
of Judea and Samaria, except the apostles. 2 Devout men buried Stephen and made great lamentation over him. 3 But Saul was ravaging the church, and entering house after house, he dragged off men and women and committed them to prison. |
Bible. Acts 8:1-3 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+22&version=ESV |
2 And when they heard that he
was addressing them in the Hebrew language, they became even more
quiet. And he said: 3 "I am a Jew, born in Tarsus in Cilicia, but brought up in this city, educated at the feet of Gamaliel according to the strict manner of the law of our fathers, being zealous for God as all of you are this day. 4 I persecuted this Way to the death, binding and delivering to prison both men and women, 5 as the high priest and the whole council of elders can bear me witness. From them I received letters to the brothers, and I journeyed toward Damascus to take those also who were there and bring them in bonds to Jerusalem to be punished. <...> 19 And I said, 'Lord, they themselves know that in one synagogue after another I imprisoned and beat those who believed in you. 20 And when the blood of Stephen your witness was being shed, I myself was standing by and approving and watching over the garments of those who killed him.' |
Bible. Acts 22:2-5, 22:19-20 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+26&version=ESV |
1 So Agrippa said to Paul, "You
have permission to speak for yourself." Then Paul stretched out his
hand and made his defense: 2 "I consider myself fortunate that it is before you, King Agrippa, I am going to make my defense today against all the accusations of the Jews, 3 especially because you are familiar with all the customs and controversies of the Jews. Therefore I beg you to listen to me patiently. 4 "My manner of life from my youth, spent from the beginning among my own nation and in Jerusalem, is known by all the Jews. 5 They have known for a long time, if they are willing to testify, that according to the strictest party of our religion I have lived as a Pharisee. 6 And now I stand here on trial because of my hope in the promise made by God to our fathers, 7 to which our twelve tribes hope to attain, as they earnestly worship night and day. And for this hope I am accused by Jews, O king! 8 Why is it thought incredible by any of you that God raises the dead? 9 "I myself was convinced that I ought to do many things in opposing the name of Jesus of Nazareth. 10 And I did so in Jerusalem. I not only locked up many of the saints in prison after receiving authority from the chief priests, but when they were put to death I cast my vote against them. 11 And I punished them often in all the synagogues and tried to make them blaspheme, and in raging fury against them I persecuted them even to foreign cities. |
Bible. Acts 26:1-11 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+26&version=ESV |
1 So Agrippa said to Paul, "You
have permission to speak for yourself." Then Paul stretched out his
hand and made his defense: 2 "I consider myself fortunate that it is before you, King Agrippa, I am going to make my defense today against all the accusations of the Jews, 3 especially because you are familiar with all the customs and controversies of the Jews. Therefore I beg you to listen to me patiently. 4 "My manner of life from my youth, spent from the beginning among my own nation and in Jerusalem, is known by all the Jews. 5 They have known for a long time, if they are willing to testify, that according to the strictest party of our religion I have lived as a Pharisee. 6 And now I stand here on trial because of my hope in the promise made by God to our fathers, 7 to which our twelve tribes hope to attain, as they earnestly worship night and day. And for this hope I am accused by Jews, O king! 8 Why is it thought incredible by any of you that God raises the dead? 9 "I myself was convinced that I ought to do many things in opposing the name of Jesus of Nazareth. 10 And I did so in Jerusalem. I not only locked up many of the saints in prison after receiving authority from the chief priests, but when they were put to death I cast my vote against them. 11 And I punished them often in all the synagogues and tried to make them blaspheme, and in raging fury against them I persecuted them even to foreign cities. 12 "In this connection I journeyed to Damascus with the authority and commission of the chief priests. 13 At midday, O king, I saw on the way a light from heaven, brighter than the sun, that shone around me and those who journeyed with me. 14 And when we had all fallen to the ground, I heard a voice saying to me in the Hebrew language, 'Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me? It is hard for you to kick against the goads.' 15 And I said, 'Who are you, Lord?' And the Lord said, 'I am Jesus whom you are persecuting. 16 But rise and stand upon your feet, for I have appeared to you for this purpose, to appoint you as a servant and witness to the things in which you have seen me and to those in which I will appear to you, 17 delivering you from your people and from the Gentiles—to whom I am sending you 18 to open their eyes, so that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins and a place among those who are sanctified by faith in me.' 19 "Therefore, O King Agrippa, I was not disobedient to the heavenly vision, 20 but declared first to those in Damascus, then in Jerusalem and throughout all the region of Judea, and also to the Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, performing deeds in keeping with their repentance. 21 For this reason the Jews seized me in the temple and tried to kill me. 22 To this day I have had the help that comes from God, and so I stand here testifying both to small and great, saying nothing but what the prophets and Moses said would come to pass: 23 that the Christ must suffer and that, by being the first to rise from the dead, he would proclaim light both to our people and to the Gentiles." |
Bible. Acts 26:1-23 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+4&version=ESV |
18 While walking by the Sea of
Galilee, he saw two brothers, Simon (who is called Peter) and Andrew
his brother, casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen. 19 And he said to them, "Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men." 20 Immediately they left their nets and followed him. 21 And going on from there he saw two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, in the boat with Zebedee their father, mending their nets, and he called them. 22 Immediately they left the boat and their father and followed him. |
Bible. Matthew 4:18-22 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+1&version=ESV |
16 Passing alongside the Sea of
Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew the brother of Simon casting a net
into the sea, for they were fishermen. 17 And Jesus said to them, "Follow me, and I will make you become fishers of men." 18 And immediately they left their nets and followed him. 19 And going on a little farther, he saw James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, who were in their boat mending the nets. |
Bible. Mark 1:16-19 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle |
Andrew the Apostle (Greek: Ἀνδρέας, Andreas; from the early 1st century – mid to late 1st century AD), also known as Saint Andrew and called in the Orthodox tradition Prōtoklētos (Πρωτόκλητος) or the First-called, was a Christian Apostle and the brother of Saint Peter. |
Wikipedia |
http://www.christiantruth.com/articles/gelasiusdecretum.html |
The Decree of Pope Gelasius on
Canonical and Noncanonical Books (A.D. 496) Decretum Gelasianum: De Libris Recipiendis et Non Recipiendis Migne: PL 59.157-164 CONCILIORUM SUB GELASIO HABITORUM RELATIO. CONCILIUM ROMANUM I. Quo a septuaginta episcopis libri sacri et authentici ab apocryphis sunt discreti, sub Gelasio, anno Domini 494 Asterio atque Praesidio consulibus. <...> V. Notitia librorum apocryphorum qui non recipiuntur. In primis Ariminensem synodum a Constantio Caesare Constantini Augusti filio congregatam, mediante Tauro praefecto [al. praetorio] ex tunc et nunc et usque in aeternum confitemur esse damnatam. Item Itinerarium nomine Petri apostoli, quod appellatur sancti Clementis libri [decem, al. novem], octo, apocryphum. Actus nomine Andreae apostoli, apocryphi. Actus nomine Thomae apostoli, libri 10 apocryphi. Actus nomine Petri apostoli, apocryphi. Actus nomine Philippi apostoli, apocryphi. Evangelium nomine Thaddaei, apocryphum. Evangelium nomine Matthiae, apocryphum. Evangelium nomine Petri apostoli, apocryphum. Evangelium nomine Jacobi Minoris, apocryphum. Evangelium nomine Barnabae, apocryphum. Evangelium [al. Evangelia] nomine Thomae quo [al. quibus] utuntur Manichaei, apocryphum [al. apocr.]. Evangelium [al. Evangelia] nomine Bartholomaei apostoli, apocryphum [al. apocrypha]. Evangelium nomine Andreae apostoli, apocryphum. Evangelia quae falsavit Lucianus, apocrypha. Liber de infantia Salvatoris, apocryphus. Evangelia quae falsavit Esitius [al. Hesychius et Isicius], apocrypha. Liber de Nativitate [al. Infantia] Salvatoris, et de Maria et obstetrice [al. addit. ejus], apocryphus. Liber qui appellatur Pastoris, apocryphus. Libri omnes quos fecit Leucius [al. Lucius] discipulus diaboli, apocryphi. Liber qui appellatur Fundamentum, apocryphus. Liber qui appellatur Thesaurus, apocryphus. Liber de filiabus Adae geneseos, apocryphus. Centimetrum de Christo, Virgilianis compaginatum versibus, apocryphum. Liber qui appellatur Actus Teclae et Pauli apostoli, apocryphus. Liber qui appellatur Nepotis, apocryphus. Liber Proverbiorum qui ab haereticis conscriptus et sancti Sixti [al. Xysti] nomine praenotatus est, apocryphus. Revelatio quae appellatur Pauli apostoli, apocrypha. Revelatio quae appellatur Thomae apostoli, apocrypha. Revelatio quae appellatur S. Stephani, apocrypha. Liber qui appellatur Transitus, id est Assumptio sanctae Mariae, apocryphus. Liber qui appellatur Poenitentia Adae, apocryphus. Liber Ogiae nomine gigantis, qui ab haereticis cum dracone post diluvium pugnasse fingitur, apocryphus. Liber qui appellatur Testamentum Job, apocryphus. Liber qui appellatur Poenitentia Origenis, apocryphus. Liber qui appellatur Poenitentia sancti Cypriani, apocryphus. Liber qui appellatur Poenitentia Jamnae et Mambrae, apocryphus. Liber qui appellatur Sortes sanctorum apostolorum, apocryphus. Liber qui appellatur Laus [al. Lusus] apostolorum, apocryphus. Liber qui appellatur Canones apostolorum, apocryphus. Liber Physiologus, qui ab haereticis conscriptus est, et B. Ambrosii nomine signatus [al. praenotatus], apocryphus. Historia Eusebii Pamphili, apocrypha. Opuscula Tertulliani, apocrypha. Opuscula Lactantii [al. Firmiani], apocrypha. Opuscula Africani, apocrypha. Opuscula Postumiani et Galli, apocrypha. Opuscula Montani, Priscillae et Maximillae, apocrypha. Opuscula omnia Fausti Manichaei, apocrypha. Opuscula Commodiani, apocrypha. Opuscula alterius Clementis Alexandrini, apocrypha. Opuscula Tatii [al. Tharsi seu Tascii] Cypriani, apocrypha. Opuscula Arnobii, apocrypha. Opuscula Tychonii, apocrypha. Opuscula Cassiani [al. Cassionis] presbyteri Galliarum, apocrypha. Opuscula Victorini Pictaviensis [al. Petabionensis], apocrypha. Opuscula Fausti Regensis Galliarum, apocrypha. Opuscula Frumentii Caeci, apocrypha. Epistola Jesu ad Abagarum [al. Abgarum] regem, apocrypha. Epistola Abagari [al. Abgari] ad Jesum, apocrypha. Passio Quirici [al. Cyrici] et Julitae, apocrypha. Passio Georgii, apocrypha. Scriptura quae appellatur contradictio [al. interdictio] Salomonis, apocrypha. Phylacteria omnia, quae non angelorum (ut illi confingunt), sed daemonum magis arte [al. nominibus] conscripta sunt, apocrypha. <...> CONCILIUM ROMANUM SIVE DECRETUM De libris recipiendis et non recipiendis a Gelasio papa cum episcopis anno circiter 496 habitum. |
Christian Resources |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+9&version=ESV |
3 Now as he went on his way, he
approached Damascus, and suddenly a light from heaven shone around him. 4 And falling to the ground he heard a voice saying to him, "Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?" 5 And he said, "Who are you, Lord?" And he said, "I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting. 6 But rise and enter the city, and you will be told what you are to do." 7 The men who were traveling with him stood speechless, hearing the voice but seeing no one. 8 Saul rose from the ground, and although his eyes were opened, he saw nothing. So they led him by the hand and brought him into Damascus. 9 And for three days he was without sight, and neither ate nor drank. |
Bible. Acts 9:3-9 |
Question #11: Did Christ ever mention that after his death, he
will do everything on the contrary than during his lifetime? Did Christ
ever mention that after his death he was planning to maim and kill
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazarene_(title) |
Nazarene is a title applied to
Jesus, who, according to the New Testament, grew up in Nazareth, a town
in Galilee, now in northern Israel. The word is used to translate two
related terms that appear in the Greek New Testament: Nazarēnos
(Nazarene) and Nazōraios (Nazorean). The phrases traditionally rendered
as "Jesus of Nazareth" can also be translated as "Jesus the Nazarene"
or "Jesus the Nazorean", and the title "Nazarene" may have a religious
significance instead of denoting a place of origin. Both Nazarene and
Nazorean are irregular in Greek and the additional vowel in Nazorean
complicates any derivation from Nazareth. The Gospel of Matthew explains that the title Nazarene is derived from the prophecy "He will be called a Nazorean", but this has no obvious Old Testament source. Some scholars argue that it refers to a passage in the Book of Isaiah, with "Nazarene" a Greek reading of the Hebrew ne·tser (branch), understood as a messianic title. Others point to a passage in the Book of Judges which refers to Samson as a Nazirite, a word that is just one letter off from Nazarene in Greek. The Greek New Testament uses "Nazarene" six times (Mark, Luke), while "Nazorean" is used 13 times (Matthew, Mark in some manuscripts, Luke, John, Acts). In the Book of Acts, "Nazorean" is used to refer to a follower of Jesus, i.e. a Christian, rather than an inhabitant of a town. "Notzrim" is the modern Hebrew word for Christians (No·tsri, נוֹצְרִי) and one of two words commonly used to mean "Christian" in Syriac (Nasrani) and Arabic (Naṣrānī, نصراني). |
Wikipedia |
Please open all four gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) and try to
find the word "Christian" in these gospels. None of the Gospels contain
the word "Christian" because when Christ was alive, his disciples and
followers were called "Nazarenes".
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+18&version=ESV |
37 They told him, "Jesus of Nazareth
is passing by." |
Bible. Luke 18:37 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+18&version=ESV |
4 Then Jesus, knowing all that
would happen to him, came forward and said to them, "Whom do you seek?" 5 They answered him, "Jesus of Nazareth." Jesus said to them, "I am he." Judas, who betrayed him, was standing with them. 6 When Jesus said to them, "I am he," they drew back and fell to the ground. 7 So he asked them again, "Whom do you seek?" And they said, "Jesus of Nazareth." 8 Jesus answered, "I told you that I am he. So, if you seek me, let these men go." |
Bible. John 18:4-8 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+19&version=ESV |
18 There they crucified him, and
with him two others, one on either side, and Jesus between them. 19 Pilate also wrote an inscription and put it on the cross. It read, "Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews." 20 Many of the Jews read this inscription, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it was written in Aramaic, in Latin, and in Greek. 21 So the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, "Do not write, 'The King of the Jews,' but rather, 'This man said, I am King of the Jews.'" 22 Pilate answered, "What I have written I have written." |
Bible. John 19:18-22 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+2&version=ESV |
19 But when Herod died, behold,
an angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt, 20 saying, "Rise, take the child and his mother and go to the land of Israel, for those who sought the child's life are dead." 21 And he rose and took the child and his mother and went to the land of Israel. 22 But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there, and being warned in a dream he withdrew to the district of Galilee. 23 And he went and lived in a city called Nazareth, so that what was spoken by the prophets might be fulfilled, that he would be called a Nazarene. |
Bible. Matthew 2:19-23 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+26&version=ESV |
71 And when he went out to the
entrance, another servant girl saw him, and she said to the bystanders,
"This man was with Jesus of Nazareth." |
Bible. Matthew 26:71 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+24&version=ESV |
5 For we have found this man a
plague, one who stirs up riots among all the Jews throughout the world
and is a ringleader of the sect of the
Nazarenes. |
Bible. Acts 24:5 |
After Christ's death the Pharisee Saul-Paul specially coined a new
name "Christians" in order it would seem that the teaching released by
Pharisee Saul-Paul supposedly is the same as that of Christ's teaching.
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+11&version=ESV |
25 So Barnabas went to Tarsus to
look for Saul, 26 and when he had found him, he brought him to Antioch. For a whole year they met with the church and taught a great many people. And in Antioch the disciples were first called Christians. |
Bible. Acts 11:25-26 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian |
Christian is a person who
adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on
the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the
Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament. "Christian"
derives from the Greek word Christ, a translation of the Hebrew term
Messiah.<...> The Greek word (christianos) — meaning "follower of Christ" — comes from (christos) — meaning "anointed one" — with an adjectival ending borrowed from Latin to denote adhering to, or even belonging to, as in slave ownership.<...> The first recorded use of the term (or its cognates in other languages) is in the New Testament, in Acts 11:26, which states "...in Antioch the disciples were first called Christians." The second mention of the term follows in Acts 26:28, where Herod Agrippa II replies to Paul the Apostle, "Do you think that in such a short time you can persuade me to be a Christian?" The third and final New Testament reference to the term is in 1 Peter 4:16, which exhorts believers, "...if you suffer as a Christian, do not be ashamed, but praise God that you bear that name." |
Wikipedia |
Here is the summary in order to make it more understandable. The
disciples/followers of Christ were called "Nazarenes". And the
disciples/followers of the Pharisee Saul-Paul were called "Christians".
Nazarenes and Christians are totally unrelated to each other. The
Pharisee Saul-Paul fiercely persecuted and killed Nazarenes, and after
the death of Christ, he declared himself as the apostle of Christ, he
took in his hands the steering wheel of the camp of the followers of
Christ and he totally altered the teaching of Christ.
The Gospels of Christ's real apostles were declared apocryphal.
Instead of the Gospels of the real apostles of Christ, the New
Testament contains the writings of the most vicious enemies of Christ –
the Pharisee Saul-Paul and his disciples (Luke, Mark).
The Church led by the disciples of the killer of Nazarenes, the
imposter "apostle"
Pharisee Saul-Paul, flooded with the blood all Europe while spreading
the teaching of the Pharisee Saul-Paul.
The "Good fruit" of Pharisee Saul-Paul's teaching was such that, for
example, when Kievan Rus' was
baptized, 9 million people were killed from the 12 million population
of Kievan Rus'. The Christians killed all people who did not want to
accept the teaching of the Pharisee the killer of Nazarenes the
self-proclaimed "apostle" Saul-Paul.
Question #12: How much of the Holy Spirit and how much of
Satan-Spirit is contained in the teaching of the Pharisee the killer of
Nazarenes the self-proclaimed "apostle" Saul-Paul?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus |
The oldest surviving panel icon of Christ Pantocrator, encaustic on panel, c. 6th century, showing the appearance of Jesus that is still immediately recognised today. Christ as Emperor, wearing military dress, and crushing the serpent representing Satan. "I am the way and the truth and the life" (John 14:6) reads the inscription. Ravenna, after 500 11th-century Christ Pantocrator with the halo in a cross form, used throughout the Middle Ages. Characteristically, he is portrayed as similar in features and skin tone to the culture of the artist. |
Wikipedia |
The image of Christ killed on the cross is a desecration and
disrespect of Christ. In early Christianity the caricatures of Christ
hanging on the cross were drawn only for the purposes of the
desecration of Christ.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus |
Engraving of a crucified donkey believed to be an early anti-Christian graffito, it reads: "Alexamenos worships [his] god." |
Wikipedia |
After a few hundred years after the death of Christ the followers of
Pharisee Saul-Paul decided not to be penny wise and imposed the image
of tortured and killed Christ (on the cross) to the Christians; and the
image which glorifies the victory of the Jews over Christ was made de
facto standard for the Christians. Christians, without even
understanding, venerate the image of the murdered Christ and thus
glorify the victory of the Jews over Christ.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten_Commandments |
The Ten Commandments, also known
as the Decalogue, are a set of commandments which the Bible describes
as being given to the Israelites by God at biblical Mount Sinai. The
Ten Commandments appear twice in the Hebrew Bible, first at Exodus
20:1-17, and then at Deuteronomy 5:4-21. According to the story in
Exodus, God inscribed them on two stone tablets, which he gave to
Moses. Modern scholarship has found likely influences in Hittite and
Mesopotamian laws and treaties, but is divided over exactly when the
Ten Commandments were written and who wrote them. According to New
Testament writers, the Ten Commandments are clearly attributed to
Moses. John
7:19, Mark
7:10, Ephesians
6:2. |
Wikipedia |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20&version=ESV |
2 "I am the Lord your God, who
brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. 3 "You shall have no other gods before me. 4 "You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. 5 You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I the Lord your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, 6 but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments. 7 "You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain. 8 "Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. 9 Six days you shall labor, and do all your work, 10 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your male servant, or your female servant, or your livestock, or the sojourner who is within your gates. 11 For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy. 12 "Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving you. 13 "You shall not murder. 14 "You shall not commit adultery. 15 "You shall not steal. 16 "You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. 17 "You shall not covet your neighbor's house; you shall not covet your neighbor's wife, or his male servant, or his female servant, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor's." |
Bible. Exodus 20:2-17 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+5&version=ESV |
6 "'I am the Lord your God, who
brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. 7 "'You shall have no other gods before me. 8 "'You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. 9 You shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I the Lord your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me, 10 but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments. 11 "'You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain. 12 "'Observe the Sabbath day, to keep it holy, as the Lord your God commanded you. 13 Six days you shall labor and do all your work, 14 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work, you or your son or your daughter or your male servant or your female servant, or your ox or your donkey or any of your livestock, or the sojourner who is within your gates, that your male servant and your female servant may rest as well as you. 15 You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the Lord your God brought you out from there with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm. Therefore the Lord your God commanded you to keep the Sabbath day. 16 "'Honor your father and your mother, as the Lord your God commanded you, that your days may be long, and that it may go well with you in the land that the Lord your God is giving you. 17 "'You shall not murder. 18 "'And you shall not commit adultery. 19 "'And you shall not steal. 20 "'And you shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. 21 "'And you shall not covet your neighbor's wife. And you shall not desire your neighbor's house, his field, or his male servant, or his female servant, his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor's.' |
Bible. Deuteronomy 5:6-21 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+10&version=ESV |
1 Hear the word that the Lord
speaks to you, O house of Israel. 2 Thus says the Lord: "Learn not the way of the nations, nor be dismayed at the signs of the heavens because the nations are dismayed at them, 3 for the customs of the peoples are vanity. A tree from the forest is cut down and worked with an axe by the hands of a craftsman. 4 They decorate it with silver and gold; they fasten it with hammer and nails so that it cannot move. 5 Their idols are like scarecrows in a cucumber field, and they cannot speak; they have to be carried, for they cannot walk. Do not be afraid of them, for they cannot do evil, neither is it in them to do good." |
Bible. Jeremiah 10:1-5 |
The Bible clearly says that the veneration of the Cross (i.e. idol)
is the idolatry which violates the Second Commandment of God. The Bible
clearly says that the veneration of images (e.g. icons) is the idolatry
which violates the Second Commandment of God.
The Second Commandment of God is excluded from the Catholic Catechism,
and the Tenth Commandment of God is divided into two parts in order
that nobody would notice that one commandment is missing.
http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/command.htm |
Section Two: The Ten Commandments <...> A Traditional Catechetical Formula 1. I am the LORD your God: you shall not have strange Gods before me. 2. You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain. 3. Remember to keep holy the LORD'S Day. 4. Honor your father and your mother. 5. You shall not kill. 6. You shall not commit adultery. 7. You shall not steal. 8. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. 9. You shall not covet your neighbor's wife. 10. You shall not covet your neighbor's goods. |
Catechism of the Catholic
Church. Part Three: Life in Christ. Section Two: The Ten Commandments |
Question #15: Why does the Catholic Catechism tampered with the
commandments of God? Please explain in detail how the veneration of the
cross (violation of the Second Commandment of God) leads to the
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malleus_Maleficarum | ||||||
The Malleus Maleficarum
(commonly rendered into English as "Hammer of [the] Witches"; Der
Hexenhammer in German) is a treatise on the prosecution of witches,
written in 1486 by Heinrich Kramer, a German Catholic clergyman. The
book was first published in Speyer, Germany, in 1487. Jacob Sprenger is
also often attributed as an author, but some scholars now believe that
he became associated with the Malleus Maleficarum largely as a result
of Kramer's wish to lend his book as much official authority as
possible. Both purported writers of the work were Dominican clergy, and
the work came about as "the result of a peculiarly Dominican encounter
between learned and folk traditions, an encounter determined in part by
the demands of inquisitorial office, and in part by the requirements of
effective preaching and pastoral care." In 1490, three years after its
publication, the Catholic Church condemned the Malleus Maleficarum,
although it was later used by royal courts during the Renaissance, and
contributed to the increasingly brutal prosecution of witchcraft during
the 16th and 17th centuries. Kramer wrote the Malleus shortly after being expelled from Innsbruck by the local bishop after a failed attempt to conduct his own witchcraft prosecution. Kramer's purpose in writing the book was to explain his own views on witchcraft, systematically refute arguments claiming that witchcraft does not exist, discredit those who expressed skepticism about its reality, claim that those who practised witchcraft were more often women than men, and to convince magistrates to use Kramer's recommended procedures for finding and convicting witches. Title page of an edition dated 1669
External links Malleus Maleficarum – Online version of Latin text and scanned pages of Malleus Maleficarum published in 1580. Malleus Maleficarum – Online and downloadable scan of original Latin edition of 1490. English translation |
Wikipedia |
We will remind that the order of the numbering of the Commandments
of God corresponds to the importance/priority of the Commandments. The
first Commandment is the most important, the second Commandment is less
important than the first, but more important than all the other
Commandments; the third Commandment is less important than the second,
but more important than all the others. This is due to very important
reason. If life circumstances of a man force a man to violate one of
the Commandments of God, and if the man is forced to violate the
Commandments, then such man must choose to violate the Commandment
whose numbering number is bigger.
As for example, if a man is forced to choose between which Commandment
of God to violate: the first Commandment or the fifth Commandment, then
he must fulfill the first Commandment, and he can violate the fifth
Commandment. It is important to note that the second Commandment is
above the rest of Commandments (do not kill, do not steal, etc.), which
means that if a man is forced to choose between the worshiping of
idols/icons (the violation of the second Commandment) and the
Commandment "do not kill/do not steal, etc.", then such man must choose
to go and kill/steal/etc instead of worshiping idols/icons.
These are the Commandments of God Yahweh/Jehovah and such is the order
of the execution of the Commandments; however Catholics have no clue
about that.
There are more than 41 thousand of Christian denominations and many
of them are well aware of the second Commandment of God and obey it. As
for example, the Second Commandment of God is obeyed by Baptists and
many other Christian denominations. Idols and icons of Christ are
venerated only by the Catholics, Orthodoxes and several other
denominations. All other Christians obey the second Commandment of God,
because God Yahweh/Jehovah has never canceled the Ten Commandments.
You can be obedient to all nine Commandments, but it is enough to
violate just one Commandment, and your soul will go to the hell, which
is confirmed in the writings of Catholics themselves.
Question #16: Please show a place in the Bible that describes
that God Yahweh/Jehovah had canceled his Second Commandment.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_infallibility |
Papal infallibility is a dogma
of the Catholic Church that states that, in virtue of the promise of
Jesus to Peter, the Pope is preserved from the possibility of error
"When, in the exercise of his office as shepherd and teacher of all
Christians, in virtue of his supreme apostolic authority, he defines a
doctrine concerning faith or morals to be held by the whole Church." This doctrine was defined dogmatically in the First Vatican Council of 1869–1870, but had been defended before that, existing already in medieval theology and being the majority opinion at the time of the Counter-Reformation. According to Catholic theology, there are several concepts important to the understanding of infallible, divine revelation: Sacred Scripture, Sacred Tradition, and the Sacred Magisterium. The infallible teachings of the Pope are part of the Sacred Magisterium, which also consists of ecumenical councils and the "...ordinary and universal magisterium." In Catholic theology, papal infallibility is one of the channels of the infallibility of the Church. The infallible teachings of the Pope must be based on, or at least not contradict, Sacred Tradition or Sacred Scripture. The doctrine of infallibility relies on one of the cornerstones of Catholic dogma: that of petrine supremacy of the pope, and his authority as the ruling agent who decides what is accepted as formal beliefs in the Roman Catholic Church. The use of this power is referred to as speaking ex cathedra. |
Wikipedia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_(Michelangelo) |
The Moses (c. 1513–1515) is a
sculpture by the Italian High Renaissance artist Michelangelo
Buonarroti, housed in the church of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome.
Commissioned in 1505 by Pope Julius II for his tomb, it depicts the
Biblical figure Moses with horns on his head, based on a description in
the Vulgate, the Latin translation of the Bible used at that time. Commissioning and design history Pope Julius II commissioned Michelangelo to build his tomb in 1505 and it was finally completed in 1545; Julius II died in 1513. The initial design by Michelangelo was massive and called for over 40 statues. The statue of Moses would have been placed on a tier about 3.74 meters high, opposite a figure of St. Paul. In the final design, the statue of Moses sits in the center of the bottom tier. <...> Horns The statue has what are commonly accepted to be two horns on its head. The depiction of a horned Moses stems from the description of Moses' face as "cornuta" ("horned") in the Latin Vulgate translation of the passage from Exodus in which Moses returns to the people after receiving the commandments for the second time. The Douay-Rheims Bible translates the Vulgate as, "And when Moses came down from the mount Sinai, he held the two tables of the testimony, and he knew not that his face was horned from the conversation of the Lord." This was Jerome's effort to faithfully translate the difficult, original Hebrew Masoretic text, which uses the term, karan (based on the root, keren, which often means "horn"); the term is now interpreted to mean "shining" or "emitting rays" (somewhat like a horn). Although some historians believe that Jerome made an outright error, Jerome himself appears to have seen keren as a metaphor for "glorified", based on other commentaries he wrote, including one on Ezekiel, where he wrote that Moses' face had "become 'glorified', or as it says in the Hebrew, 'horned'." The Greek Septuagint, which Jerome also had available, translated the verse as "Moses knew not that the appearance of the skin of his face was glorified." In general medieval theologians and scholars understood that Jerome had intended to express a glorification of Moses' face, by his use of the Latin word for "horned." The understanding that the original Hebrew was difficult and was not likely to literally mean "horns" persisted into and through the Renaissance. Although Jerome completed the Vulgate in the late 3rd century, the first known applications of the literal language of the Vulgate in art are found in an English illustrated book written in the vernacular, that was created around 1050: the Aelfric Paraphrase of the Pentateuch and Joshua. For the next 150 years or so, evidence for further images of a horned Moses is sparse. Afterwards, such images proliferated and can be found, for example, in the stained glass windows at the Chartres Cathedral, Sainte-Chapelle, and Notre Dame, even as Moses continued to be depicted many times without horns. In the 16th century, the prevalence of depictions of a horned Moses steeply diminished. In Christian art of the Middle Ages, Moses is depicted wearing horns and without them; sometimes in glory, as a prophet and precursor of Jesus, but also in negative contexts, especially with regard to Pauline contrasts between faith and law - the iconography was not black and white. However, starting in the 11th and 12th centuries, the social position of Jews, and their depictions in Christian art, became increasingly negative and reached a low point as the Middle Ages ended. Jews became identified with the devil, and were commonly depicted in an evil light, with horns, a libelous stereotype that exists to this day. Hence many people today interpret the horns on Michelangelo's statue only in a negative light, a situation that was not true in Michelangelo's day. A book published in 2008 advanced a theory that the "horns" on Michelangelo's statue were never meant to be seen and that it is wrong to interpret them as horns: "[The statue] never had horns. The artist had planned Moses as a masterpiece not only of sculpture, but also of special optical effects worthy of any Hollywood movie. For this reason, the piece had to be elevated and facing straight forward, looking in the direction of the front door of the basilica. The two protrusions on the head would have been invisible to the viewer looking up from the floor below — the only thing that would have been seen was the light reflected off of them." This interpretation has been contested. Artist: Michelangelo Year: c. 1513 – 1515 Type: Marble Dimensions: 235 cm (92.5 in) Location: San Pietro in Vincoli, Rome |
Wikipedia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Pope_Julius_II |
The Tomb of Pope Julius II is a
sculptural and architectural ensemble by Michelangelo and his
assistants, originally commissioned in 1505 but not completed until
1545 on a much reduced scale. Originally intended for St. Peter's
Basilica, the tomb was instead placed in the church of San Pietro in
Vincoli on the Esquiline in Rome after the pope's death. This church
was patronised by the della Rovere family from which Julius came, and
he had been titular cardinal there. The tomb of Julius II, with Michelangelo's statues of Rachel and Leah on the left and the right of his Moses. |
Wikipedia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome |
Saint Jerome (/dʒəˈroʊm/; Latin:
Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Greek: Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος;
c. 347 – 30 September 420) was a Latin Christian priest, confessor,
theologian and historian, who also became a Doctor of the Church. He
was the son of Eusebius, born at Stridon, a village of Italian
influence on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia. He is best known for
his translation of most of the Bible into Latin (the translation that
became known as the Vulgate), and his commentaries on the Gospels. His
list of writings is extensive. Known as the "protégé" of Pope Damasus
I, who died in December of 384, Jerome became well known for outlining
the type of lifestyle that was acceptable for Christians living in
cosmopolitan centers like Rome. In many cases, he focused his attention
to the lives of women and identified how a woman devoted to Jesus
Christ should live her life. This concentration stemmed from his close
patron relationships with several prominent female ascetics who were
members of affluent Roman "senatorial families". He is recognised as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Lutheran Church, and the Church of England (Anglican Communion). Jerome is commemorated on 30 September with a memorial. |
Wikipedia |
Christians claim that Jesus resurrected from the dead and this
proves the divinity. However Jesus resurrected from the coma stage, not
from the dead. The word "coma" is never mentioned in Bible despite the
fact that many people were experiencing coma stage in biblical times.
The word "coma" was hardly used in the known literature up to the
middle of the 17th century. The people who surrounded Jesus did not
know about coma stage and at these times all people in coma stage were
considered as dead. Simply nearby Jesus there were no qualified persons
to diagnose the coma stage, so the coma stage was misdiagnosed as the
death. Resurrection from the coma stage is not a miracle at all.
Thousands of people around the world resurrect from the coma stage
every day.
http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/131/3/877.full.pdf |
The term 'coma', from the Greek
koma, meaning deep sleep, had already been used in the Hippocratic
corpus (Epidemica) and later by Galen (second century AD).
Subsequently, it was hardly used in the known literature up to the
middle of the 17th century. The term is found again in Thomas Willis'
(1621–75) influential De anima brutorum (1672), where lethargy
(pathological sleep, which he localized in the outer cortex), 'coma'
(heavy sleeping), carus (deprivation of the senses) and apoplexy (into
which carus could turn and which he localized in the white matter) are
mentioned, the sequence indicating increasingly deeper forms of
unresponsiveness. The term carus is also derived from Greek, where it
can be found in the roots of several words meaning soporific or sleepy.
It can still be found in the root of the term carotid'. Thomas Sydenham
(1624–89) mentioned the term 'coma' in several cases of fever
(Sydenham, 1685). Partly due to the methodology we applied, apoplexy
and stroke are causes often encountered. Trauma has always been known
as a cause and an example is found in Tulp's Observationes Medicae
(Tulp, 1641). Before the 19th century, physical examination, next to
bservation, was largely confined to palpating the pulse and to
inspection of urine, faeces, sputum and pus (Bynum and Porter, 1994).
In this period, observations on arousal to sensory stimuli (shouting,
pinching, applying stimuli to the nostrils), movements and breathing
were described. Johann Jakob Wepfer (1620–95) mentioned a full and
strong pulse that became weak, small and frequent (Wepfer, 1932). |
Historical study of coma:
looking back through medical and neurological texts. Peter J. Koehler1
and Eelco F. M.Wijdicks. Brain (2008), 131,
p. 877-889 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma#Diagnostic_steps |
In medicine, a coma (from the
Greek koma, meaning deep sleep) is a state of unconsciousness, lasting
more than six hours in which a person cannot be awakened, fails to
respond normally to painful stimuli, light, sound, lacks a normal
sleep-wake cycle and does not initiate voluntary actions. <...> Diagnostic steps When an unconscious patient enters a hospital, the hospital utilizes a series of diagnostic steps to identify the cause of unconsciousness. According to Young, the following steps should be taken when dealing with a patient possibly in a coma: 1. Perform a general examination and medical history check 2. Make sure patient is in an actual comatose state and is not mistaken for locked-in state (patient will either be able to voluntarily move his eyes or blink) or psychogenic unresponsiveness (caloric stimulation of the vestibular apparatus will result in slow deviation of eyes towards the stimulation followed by rapid correction to mid-line; this response can't be voluntarily suppressed: therefore, if the patient doesn't have this response, then psychogenic coma can be ruled out as a differential) 3. Find the site of the brain that may be causing coma (i.e. brain stem, back of brain…) and assess the severity of the coma with the Glasgow coma scale 4. Take blood work to see if drugs were involved or if it was a result of hypoventilation/hyperventilation 5. Check for levels of "serum glucose, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphate, urea, and creatinine" 6. Perform brain scans to observe any abnormal brain functioning using either CT or MRI scans 7. Continue to monitor brain waves and identify seizures of patient using EEGs |
Wikipedia |
A lot of Christians do not agree that Jesus was in a coma – these
Christians claim that the heart of Jesus was pierced with a spear, and
no one can survive after the piercing of the heart, only God can
survive the piercing of the heart. It should be noted that in the
biblical text there is no mention that the heart of Jesus was pierced.
The biblical text mentions only that one side of Jesus was pierced
(John 19:34), however the "side" does not mean the "heart".
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+19&version=ESV |
34 But one of the soldiers
pierced his side with a spear, and at once there came out blood and
water. |
Bible. John 19:34 |
Due to the lack of medical knowledge the Christians naively believe
that the pierced heart of Jesus somehow proves his divinity, Christians
naively believe that no mortal could survive after his heart was
pierced. However, this is not true. There are many documented cases
when people have successfully survived after their heart was pierced,
and this fact refutes the claim of Christians that the pierced heart
supposedly proves the divinity. Mortal men can survive after the
piercing of the heart; the divinity is not required for the survival.
And by the way, it is interesting to note that in many churches on the
statues of Jesus the wound of puncture is depicted on the wrong side –
the wound from the spear is on the right side of Jesus and not on the
left, which is contrary to the assertions of Christians that Jesus was
pierced in the heart.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-17641494 |
US man survives shooting
four-inch nail into his heart BBC, 6 April 2012 |
http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=95201&page=1#.UArUL2Ee45s |
Girl Stabbed Through Heart
Survives ABC News, Oct. 29 |
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,590370,00.html |
Man Survives After 2-Inch Nail
Pierces Heart Fox News, April 02, 2010 |
http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1696&dat=19840416&id=qWw0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=B5gEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6550,3969528 |
Hear Piecing Survived Daily News, April 16, 1984 |
http://articles.latimes.com/1991-05-19/news/mn-2980_1_survives-heart-surgery |
Boy Survives After Being Spiked
Through Heart : Medicine: Surgeon calls his survival 'one in a
billion.' The child asked to play Nintendo after awakening from surgery. By Arthur H. Rotstein Associated Press, Los Angeles Times, May 19, 1991 |
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-16/mumbai/28374639_1_rare-operation-stab-abdomen |
Miraculous recovery for man with
knife in heart By Sumitra Deb Roy, TNN The Times of India, Jan 16, 2011 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea |
The First Council of Nicaea
(/naɪˈsiːə/; Greek: Νίκαια [ˈni:kaɪja]) was a council of Christian
bishops convened in Nicaea in Bithynia by the Roman Emperor Constantine
I in AD 325. This first ecumenical council was the first effort to
attain consensus in the church through an assembly representing all of
Christendom. It was presided by Hosius of Corduba, a bishop from the
West. Its main accomplishments were settlement of the Christological issue of the nature of the Son of God and his relationship to God the Father, the construction of the first part of the Creed of Nicaea, establishing uniform observance of the date of Easter, and promulgation of early canon law. |
Wikipedia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity |
The Christian doctrine of the
Trinity (from Latin trinitas "triad", from trinus "threefold") defines
God as three consubstantial persons, expressions, or hypostases: the
Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit; "one God in three
persons". The three persons are distinct, yet are one "substance,
essence or nature". In this context, a "nature" is what one is, while a
"person" is who one is. |
Wikipedia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotheism |
Monotheism is defined by the
Encyclopædia Britannica as belief in the existence of one god or in the
oneness of God. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church gives a
more restricted definition: "belief in one personal and transcendent
God", as opposed to polytheism and pantheism. |
Wikipedia |
Question #21: For what purpose, and why do you need to combine
"God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit" in one pile
(Trinity)? Why they can not simply exist separately? Why does this list
of Trinity do not contain the Virgin Mary, the angels, archangels,
demons, Satan/Lucifer and all the other biblical characters? Why do
these biblical characters do not deserve the honor of being included in
this list?
We will remind that the other monotheistic (based on the Bible)
religions (Islam and Judaism) categorically deny and do not recognize
the "Trinity". Judaism and Islam claim that Christianity is a
polytheistic religion because of the following reasons:
1) Christians worship the Trinity;
2) in addition to all this, the Christians venerate the Virgin Mary;
3) in addition to all this, Christians revere many different Christian
At the same time, Muslims worship only one God and no one else. Allah
is the same biblical God Yahweh/Jehovah, just the name is different.
The Quran states that if you worship the Trinity then after your death
the God will send you to the hell.
Judaism and Islam also claim that Christianity is idolatry because
Christians worship the cross, icons, various statues, etc., and all
these things violate the Second Commandment of God.
http://al-quran.info/#4:171 |
4:171 O People of the Book! Do
not exceed the bounds in your religion, and do not attribute anything
to Allah except the truth. The Messiah,
Jesus son of Mary, was only an apostle of Allah, and His Word
that He cast toward Mary and a spirit from Him. So have faith in Allah
and His apostles, and do not say, '[God is]
a trinity.' Relinquish [such a creed]! That is better for you.
Allah is but the One God. He is far too immaculate to have any son. To
Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth,
and Allah suffices as trustee. |
http://al-quran.info/#5:72 |
5:72 They are certainly
faithless who say, 'Allah is the Messiah, son of Mary.' But the Messiah
had said, 'O Children of Israel! Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord.
Indeed whoever ascribes partners to Allah, Allah shall forbid him
[entry into] paradise, and his refuge shall be the Fire, and the
wrongdoers will not have any helpers.' |
http://al-quran.info/#5:73 |
5:73 They are certainly faithless
who say,
'Allah is the third [person] of a trinity,' while there is no god
except the One God. If they do not relinquish what they say, there
shall befall the faithless among them a painful punishment. |
http://al-quran.info/#5:75 |
5:75 The
Messiah, son of Mary, is but an
Certainly [other] apostles have passed before him, and his mother was a
truthful one. Both of them would eat food. Look how We clarify the
signs for them, and yet, look, how they go astray! |
Al-Quran. Online Quranic Project |
http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p6.htm |
363 In Sacred Scripture the
term "soul" often refers to human life
or the entire human person.230
But "soul" also refers to the innermost aspect of man, that which is of
greatest value in him,231 that by which he is most
especially in God's image: "soul" signifies
the spiritual principle in man. <...> 365 The unity of soul and body is so profound that one has to consider the soul to be the "form" of the body:234 i.e., it is because of its spiritual soul that the body made of matter becomes a living, human body; spirit and matter, in man, are not two natures united, but rather their union forms a single nature. 366 The Church teaches that every spiritual soul is created immediately by God - it is not "produced" by the parents - and also that it is immortal: it does not perish when it separates from the body at death, and it will be reunited with the body at the final Resurrection.235 367 Sometimes the soul is distinguished from the spirit: St. Paul for instance prays that God may sanctify his people "wholly", with "spirit and soul and body" kept sound and blameless at the Lord's coming.236 The Church teaches that this distinction does not introduce a duality into the soul.237 "Spirit" signifies that from creation man is ordered to a supernatural end and that his soul can gratuitously be raised beyond all it deserves to communion with God.238 368 The spiritual tradition of the Church also emphasizes the heart, in the biblical sense of the depths of one's being, where the person decides for or against God.239 230 Cf. Mt 16:25-26; Jn 15:13; Acts 2:41. 231 Cf. Mt 10:28; 26:38; Jn 12:27; 2 Macc 6:30. 232 Cf. 1 Cor 6:19-20; 15:44-45. 233 GS 14 § 1; cf. Dan 3:57-80. 234 Cf. Council of Vienne (1312): DS 902. 235 Cf. Pius XII, Humani Generis: DS 3896; Paul VI, CPG § 8; Lateran Council V (1513): DS 1440. 236 1 Thess 5:23. 237 Cf. Council of Constantinople IV (870): DS 657. 238 Cf. Vatican Council I, Dei Filius: DS 3005; GS 22 § 5; Humani Generis: DS 3891. 239 Cf. Jer 31:33; Deut 6:5; 29:3; Isa 29:13; Ezek 36:26; Mt 6:21; Lk 8:15; Rom 5:5. |
Catechism of the Catholic
Church. Part
One: The Profession
of Faith. Section Two: The Profession of the Christian Faith. Chapter
One: I
Believe in God the Father. Article I: "I Believe in God the Father
Creator of Heaven and Earth". Paragraph 6. Man |
After reading the text of the Catechism, we see that one time "the
soul is a human life", the second time "the soul is entire human
person", the third time "the soul is a spiritual principle", for the
fourth time "the soul is the form of the body", etc. It is important to
note that the "life", "person", "spiritual principle" and "form of the
body" are completely different objects. "Person" is not the same as
"life" and "spiritual principle", and so on. The authors of the
Catechism mixed all these unrelated objects into one chaotic mess which
clearly indicates the disorder of logical thinking.
According to the authors of the Catechism, "sometimes the soul and
spirit are different things" and sometimes are not. As we can clearly
see, there is a total chaos and mess in the heads of the authors of the
Catechism because the authors themselves do not understand "what, where
and how".
The text of the Catechism does not contain a clear,
unambiguous definition of what is the "soul" and what is the "spirit",
and the most importantly – it does not explain what are the differences
between the "soul" and the "spirit", which means that the text of the
Catechism is meaningless transfusion from a sieve.
Question #22: How the Christian Church will save our souls, if
the Christian Church does not have a clue about what the "soul" is?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_saints |
List of saints This article is about Christian saints after AD 450. <...> This is an incomplete list of Christian saints in alphabetical order by Christian name, but, where known and given, a surname, location, or personal attribute (included as part of the name) may affect the ordering. One list says there are 810 canonized Roman Catholic saints (who have been through the formal institutional process of canonization), although some give numbers in the thousands. (Pope John Paul II alone canonized 110 individuals, plus many group canonizations such as 110 martyr saints of China, 103 Korean martyrs, 117 Vietnamese martyrs, Mexican Martyrs, Spanish martyrs and French revolutionary martyrs.) Among the Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Communions, the numbers may be even higher, since there is no fixed process of "canonization" and each individual jurisdiction within the two Orthodox communions independently maintains parallel lists of saints that have only partial overlap. Note that 78 popes are considered saints. The Anglican Communion have only ever canonized one saint—King Charles I of England (see Society of King Charles the Martyr). However, it recognizes pre-Reformation saints, as does the United Methodist Church. Persons who have led lives of celebrated sanctity or missionary zeal are included in the Calendar of the Prayer Book "without thereby enrolling or commending such persons as saints of the Church". Similarly, any individuals commemorated in the Lutheran calendar of saints will be listed as well. Wikipedia contains calendars of saints for particular denominations, listed by the day of the year on which they are traditionally venerated, as well as a chronological list of saints and blesseds, listed by their date of death. Christian saints since AD 450
Question #23: Which "list of saints" the God uses to let
people pass into the Heaven – does the God use Orthodox list, Catholic
list, Anglican list, Coptic list, or which "list of saints" the God
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+19&version=ESV |
11 "Whoever
touches the dead body of any person shall be unclean seven days. 12 He shall cleanse himself with the water on the third day and on the seventh day, and so be clean. But if he does not cleanse himself on the third day and on the seventh day, he will not become clean. 13 Whoever touches a dead person, the body of anyone who has died, and does not cleanse himself, defiles the tabernacle of the Lord, and that person shall be cut off from Israel; because the water for impurity was not thrown on him, he shall be unclean. His uncleanness is still on him. 14 "This is the law when someone dies in a tent: everyone who comes into the tent and everyone who is in the tent shall be unclean seven days. 15 And every open vessel that has no cover fastened on it is unclean. 16 Whoever in the open field touches someone who was killed with a sword or who died naturally, or touches a human bone or a grave, shall be unclean seven days. 17 For the unclean they shall take some ashes of the burnt sin offering, and fresh[a] water shall be added in a vessel. 18 Then a clean person shall take hyssop and dip it in the water and sprinkle it on the tent and on all the furnishings and on the persons who were there and on whoever touched the bone, or the slain or the dead or the grave. 19 And the clean person shall sprinkle it on the unclean on the third day and on the seventh day. Thus on the seventh day he shall cleanse him, and he shall wash his clothes and bathe himself in water, and at evening he shall be clean. 20 "If the man who is unclean does not cleanse himself, that person shall be cut off from the midst of the assembly, since he has defiled the sanctuary of the Lord. Because the water for impurity has not been thrown on him, he is unclean. |
Bible. Numbers 19:11-20 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+21&version=ESV |
1 And the
Lord said to Moses, "Speak to the priests, the sons of Aaron,
and say to them, No one shall make himself
unclean for the dead among his people, 2 except for his closest relatives, his mother, his father, his son, his daughter, his brother, 3 or his virgin sister (who is near to him because she has had no husband; for her he may make himself unclean). 4 He shall not make himself unclean as a husband among his people and so profane himself. |
Bible. Leviticus 21:1-4 |
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+21&version=ESV |
10 "The priest who is chief
among his brothers, on whose head the anointing oil is poured and who
has been consecrated to wear the garments, shall not let the hair of
his head hang loose nor tear his clothes. 11 He shall not go in to any dead bodies nor make himself unclean, even for his father or for his mother. |
Bible. Leviticus 21:10-11 |
However, the Christians do not obey the God's commandments and
worship and touch so-called "holy relics" – corpses, parts of dead
bodies, bones, etc.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relic |
In religion, a relic usually
consists of the physical remains of a saint or the personal effects of
the saint or venerated person preserved for purposes of veneration as a
tangible memorial. Relics are an important aspect of some forms of
Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Shamanism, and many other religions.
Relic derives from the Latin reliquiae, meaning "remains," and a form
of the Latin verb relinquere, to "leave behind, or abandon." A
reliquary is a shrine that houses one or more religious relics. |
Wikipedia |
Question #24: What will be the punishment of God for the
people who violate the commandment of God not to touch dead bodies,
parts of dead bodies, bones and so on?
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+10&version=ESV |
1 And he called to him his
twelve disciples and gave them authority over unclean spirits, to cast
them out, and to heal every disease and every affliction. 2 The names of the twelve apostles are these: first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; 3 Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; 4 Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him. 5 These twelve Jesus sent out, instructing them, "Go nowhere among the Gentiles and enter no town of the Samaritans, 6 but go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. 7 And proclaim as you go, saying, 'The kingdom of heaven is at hand.' 8 Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse lepers, cast out demons. You received without paying; give without pay. 9 Acquire no gold or silver or copper for your belts, 10 no bag for your journey, or two tunics or sandals or a staff, for the laborer deserves his food. |
Bible. От Matthew 10:1-10 |
However, Christian prelates have acquired a bunch of crosiers and go
everywhere with them.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosier |
A crosier (also known as a
crozier, paterissa, pastoral staff, or bishop's staff) is a stylized
staff carried by high-ranking Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox,
Anglican, and some Lutheran, United Methodist and Pentecostal prelates.
Other typical insignia of many of these prelates are the mitre, the
pectoral cross, and the episcopal ring. Official use The crosier is the symbol of the governing office of abishop or Apostle. <...> Papal usage A crosier was also carried on some occasions by the pope, beginning in the early days of the church. This practice was gradually phased out and had disappeared by the time of Pope Innocent III's pontificate in the thirteenth century. In the Middle Ages, popes carried a three-barred cross (one more bar than on those carried before archbishops in processions), in the same manner as other bishops carried a crosier. This was in turn phased out, but Pope Paul VI introduced the modern papal pastoral staff in 1965, which instead of a cross or a triple-cross depicts a modern rendition of the crucified Christ, whose arms are fixed to a crossbar that is curved somewhat in the manner of an Eastern Catholic crosier. John Paul I and John Paul II carried this same pastoral staff, as did Benedict XVI at the beginning of his papacy. Benedict XVI later carried more traditionally wrought staffs or ferulae, the first one from the pontificate of Pope Pius IX, then a second one newly made in 2009. Pope Francis continued to carry the new crosier of Benedict XVI, but has also carried the crosier of Paul VI, alternating the use of both crosiers. Pope John Paul II holding the Papal ferula on 5 October 1997 Western crosier of Archbishop Heinrich of Finstingen, 1260–1286 |
Wikipedia |
Question #25: What will be the punishment of God for the
Christian prelates who do not obey the instructions of Jesus not to
acquire any crosier/staff?
http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=337387 |
Сотни жителей Иркутска
отравились святой водой 23.01.2010 |
Сетевое издание "Вести.Ру" |
http://www.nr2.ru/incidents/266815.html |
Число отравившихся крещенской
водой в Иркутске возросло до 228 человек В РПЦ не верят, что верующие отравились «святой водой» 25.01.2010 |
nr2.ru |
http://www.nr2.ru/incidents/266703.html |
Отравившиеся «святой водой»
жители Иркутска пытаются лечиться той же водой Заболевших уже 102 человека 25.01.2010 |
nr2.ru |
http://babr24.com/irk/?IDE=91014 |
Глава храма, в котором 360
человек отравились "святой водой", рассказал о купании в Крещение 14.01.2011 |
newsbabr.com |
Question #26: Why were hundreds of people poisoned by Holy
Water? How is it possible?
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+3&version=ESV |
1 Solomon made a marriage
alliance with Pharaoh king of Egypt. He took Pharaoh's daughter and
brought her into the city of David until he had finished building his
own house and the house of the Lord and the wall around Jerusalem. 2 The people were sacrificing at the high places, however, because no house had yet been built for the name of the Lord. 3 Solomon loved the Lord, walking in the statutes of David his father, only he sacrificed and made offerings at the high places. 4 And the king went to Gibeon to sacrifice there, for that was the great high place. Solomon used to offer a thousand burnt offerings on that altar. 5 At Gibeon the Lord appeared to Solomon in a dream by night, and God said, "Ask what I shall give you." 6 And Solomon said, "You have shown great and steadfast love to your servant David my father, because he walked before you in faithfulness, in righteousness, and in uprightness of heart toward you. And you have kept for him this great and steadfast love and have given him a son to sit on his throne this day. 7 And now, O Lord my God, you have made your servant king in place of David my father, although I am but a little child. I do not know how to go out or come in. 8 And your servant is in the midst of your people whom you have chosen, a great people, too many to be numbered or counted for multitude. 9 Give your servant therefore an understanding mind to govern your people, that I may discern between good and evil, for who is able to govern this your great people?" 10 It pleased the Lord that Solomon had asked this. 11 And God said to him, "Because you have asked this, and have not asked for yourself long life or riches or the life of your enemies, but have asked for yourself understanding to discern what is right, 12 behold, I now do according to your word. Behold, I give you a wise and discerning mind, so that none like you has been before you and none like you shall arise after you. 13 I give you also what you have not asked, both riches and honor, so that no other king shall compare with you, all your days. 14 And if you will walk in my ways, keeping my statutes and my commandments, as your father David walked, then I will lengthen your days." 15 And Solomon awoke, and behold, it was a dream. Then he came to Jerusalem and stood before the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and offered up burnt offerings and peace offerings, and made a feast for all his servants. |
Bible. 1 Kings 3:1-15 |
And then we ask the religious adept the following question.
After God gave the wisdom to Solomon, and Solomon was already the
wisest of all men, the wise Solomon immediately began to build temples
to other gods and the wise Solomon began to worship other gods.
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+11&version=ESV |
1 Now King Solomon loved many
foreign women, along with the daughter of Pharaoh: Moabite, Ammonite,
Edomite, Sidonian, and Hittite women, 2 from the nations concerning which the Lord had said to the people of Israel, "You shall not enter into marriage with them, neither shall they with you, for surely they will turn away your heart after their gods." Solomon clung to these in love. 3 He had 700 wives, who were princesses, and 300 concubines. And his wives turned away his heart. 4 For when Solomon was old his wives turned away his heart after other gods, and his heart was not wholly true to the Lord his God, as was the heart of David his father. 5 For Solomon went after Ashtoreth the goddess of the Sidonians, and after Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites. 6 So Solomon did what was evil in the sight of the Lord and did not wholly follow the Lord, as David his father had done. 7 Then Solomon built a high place for Chemosh the abomination of Moab, and for Molech the abomination of the Ammonites, on the mountain east of Jerusalem. 8 And so he did for all his foreign wives, who made offerings and sacrificed to their gods. 9 And the Lord was angry with Solomon, because his heart had turned away from the Lord, the God of Israel, who had appeared to him twice 10 and had commanded him concerning this thing, that he should not go after other gods. But he did not keep what the Lord commanded. 11 Therefore the Lord said to Solomon, "Since this has been your practice and you have not kept my covenant and my statutes that I have commanded you, I will surely tear the kingdom from you and will give it to your servant. 12 Yet for the sake of David your father I will not do it in your days, but I will tear it out of the hand of your son. 13 However, I will not tear away all the kingdom, but I will give one tribe to your son, for the sake of David my servant and for the sake of Jerusalem that I have chosen." |
Bible. 1 Kings 11:1-13 |
Question #27: Was Solomon behaving wisely when he built temples
to other gods and worshiped other gods?