text:
[Note Cholera, Plague and Typhoid symptoms, 3 vaccines in use at the time.]
There is evidence that the Spanish Flu did have hemorrhagic symptoms.
Vickie Menear, MD and homeopath, was doing some research on Flu for her
class at Hahnemann Homeopathic College, Albany, California, when she ran
into a great deal of literature that supports this possibility. I called
her and she said that if you had questions, she'd be happy too answer them.
Again, Email me and I'll give you her phone number.
In the meantime, let me quote some of her source material. If you
are interested in following up this new "lead" on the Spanish Flu epidemic,
this is a good place to start. Here are the references:
1. THE PLAGUE OF THE SPANISH LADY: The Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919
by Richard Collier, Atheneum Publishing, New York, 1974
Page 7:
"It began, undramatically, after a two-day incubation period, with a cough.
Next there was pain--behind the eyes, in the ears, in the lumbar region.
Soon a drowsy numbness invaded the body, and fervor set in; often the
temperature soared to 104 degrees F. The pulse was thready and unstable;
the victim's tongue was thickly coated...every mortal fiber ached
indescribably--the throat, the head, the naso-pharynx.."
Page 35:
"But which disease? All over the world, doctors were noting symptoms so at
variance with the spring epidemic --and with any known form of influenza--that it might have been an unknown sickness...that each time a man so
much as stirred on his pillow, serous fluid poured from his mouth and
nostrils...a burning pain above the diaphragm...the frontal headache that
recalled Typhoid fever...painfully congested conjunctivae...coated tongues
with bright red tips...another maverick symptoms: what doctors term 'silent
lungs', an absence of breath so total he was convinced his stethoscope had
given out."
Page 37:
"...case after case of leucopenia--a kind of leukaemia in reverse, where
the white corpuscles of the blood are strangely reduced in numbers...lost
her sight within six days...gangrene of the sexual organs...afflicted by
diarrhoea so intense he endured twenty movements a day....On one factor, at
least, all doctors were agreed: only in Cholera did the collapse come so
suddenly that most victims could fix the precise moment when they fell...a
man staggering home at a run, handkerchief clapped to a bleeding nose--but
most often this killer-virus struck like a lightning-bolt."
Page 69:
"One moment she could see her face, mirrored opaquely in a bowl of water
that her mother held (she was having Epistaxis, nosebleed while in the
throes of the Spanish Flu). Next instant it had vanished, blotted from
view by the blood pouring from her mouth and nose....Dr. Hennewig arrived.
His verdict..."I have seen many such cases -- without the haemorrhage she
would not have recovered."
Page 69:
"Later, Germany's Public Health Administration was to report that in many
areas Epistaxis affected up to HALF of all influenza victims--often as much
as a pint of blood at a time."
Page 69:
"Major Charles Mix, of the Army Medical Corps, saw a greater significance.
Among doughboys at Camp Mills, New York, Mix noted interference with the
passage of blood from the heart's right ventricle to the lungs caused
enough damming back of venous blood 'to make possible nasal haemorrhage on
the slightest occasion'. Many were even then cyanotic, and some, despite
this haemorrhage, developed pneumonia..."
Page 220-221:
"....why should the sickness affect so many organs of the body normally
untouched?...most often the disease resembled encephalitis, with the
patient lapsing into a coma...a dilation of the heart but even of fatty
degeneration...a cough so intense that it ruptured the muscles of a
soldier's rectum...retention of urine...puffy faces and swollen ankles of
acute nephritis...the lungs were the organs most vitally affected...a
patient's face so contorted in death that even close friends couldn't
recognize him...and autopsy surgeons were encountering what one doctor
termed 'a pathological nightmare'; lungs up to six times their normal
weight, looking 'like melted red currant jelly.'"
2. EPIDEMIC AND PEACE, 1918 by Alfred W. Crosby, Jr., Greenwood Press,
Westport, CT, London, England
Page 4:
"The Surgeon General's office dispatched Colonel Welch to Devens (Army
base)...included in that group Colonel Victor C. Vaughan, ex-president of
the American Medical Association; Rufus Cole of the Rockefeller Institute;
and Simeon Walbach of the Harvard Medical School....(p.7)...Welch and his
colleagues...glanced in at the wards with their lines of cots and
prostrated soldiers, whose linens were often stained with bloody sputum and
the sudden nosebleeds that were symptoms of the Spanish Influenza..."
Page 7:
"In the open chest of a cadaver Welch saw the blue, swollen lungs of a
Spanish Influenza...Cause of death? That at least was clear: what in a
healthy man are the lightest parts of his body, the lungs, were in this
cadaver two sacks filled with a thin, bloody, frothy fluid.....The lungs of
those who died quickly, sometimes only 48 hours after the first ache and
cough, were such as he had never seen before...Their most conspicuous
feature was the enormous quantity of thin, bloody fluid. It oozed out of
their lungs sectioned for examination, and in the large air passages
leading to the throat it mixed with air in a bloody froth. As rigor mortis
set in, the fluid often poured from the nose and stained the body
Page 8:
"If there was anyone at Devens (the Army base) who could be depended upon
as a pillar of strength, it was this safe of Johns Hopkins. But when he
saw the wet lungs of influenza pneumonia in the fall of 1918, the pillar
trembled. "This must be some new kind of infection...or plague."
Dr. Menear has a list of other books and
articles supporting the hemorrhagic symptoms of the Spanish Flu. Should you want the list
published here, on OUTBREAK, I'll be happy to call her and get it sent to
you. She also has information on Crotalus Horridus being utilized as a
remedy during the pandemic.
I can only note that the symptoms of the 1918
"influenza" and the Ebola of 1995, have marked similarities .
My percentages of homeopathic remedies used
versus traditional medicine (drugs) during 1918 influenza come from an article that appeared
in Homeopathy Today, January, 1990. It was the following and I'll quote:
"Dean W.A. Pearson of Philadelphia (Hahnemann College) collected 26,795
cases of (1918) influenza treated by homeopathic physicians with a
mortality rate of 1.05 percent while the average old school (traditional
medicine/drugs) mortality was 30 percent."
I'd like to credit Julian Winston, New Zealand,
one of our foremost homeopathic archives experts, and email@example.com,
in which this article appeared.
This article was originally published by
the Journal of the American Institute for Homeopathy, May, 1921 and I'd like to share the
entire article and you can draw your own conclusions. This article was a
culling of information after the Spanish Flu epidemic had occurred. In it,
you will find mentioned other remedies, other than Crotalus Horridus, that
were used to save lives--Gelsemium, Eupatorium Perfoliatum, and Bryonia.
Unfortunately, I wasn't given the space at this website to share this
information with you before this.


text:
IF you do use this it used to work as of April 2021 but like a lot of good things come to and end
If you do use this feature and would like it to continue let's comminicate this to Visible so they will put ot back!! It's a useful feature to be able to send texts or picture to your personal email from your phone through the SMS/MMS messaging!
06-28-2021 03:57 PM - edited 06-28-2021 03:57 PM
Hi there!
Thanks for raising this concern. The steps below should allow you to send your SMS/MMS as an email.
1. Open your texting app on your phone.
2. In the recipient field, enter an email address where you would normally type in a phone number.
3. Write your message as normal and send it. Your message should automatically be converted into an email.
If you're still experiencing issues, then I'd recommend contacting the Visible Care Team for further assistance. Please reach out by chatting on our site, tweeting @visiblecare or sending a DM to @Visible on Facebook.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
§ Order for Second Reading read.
§ MR. SAMUEL ROBERTS (Sheffield, Ecclesall), in moving the Second Reading of this Bill, said it dealt with the question of the hall marking of foreign plate imported into this country. He introduced a similar Bill last year and then had the support of the Board of Trade. Last year a large deputation waited upon the President of that Deparment and presented to him a petition signed by those interested in the question at Sheffield, Birmingham, and London. The signatories to the petition included the London Wholesale Jewellers Allied Trades Association, the National Association of Goldsmiths, the Birmingham Jewellers and Goldsmiths Association, the Sheffield Master Silver Smiths Association, the Workmen's Association connected with the trade, and the Sheffield Federated Trades Council. He might also tell the House that the 62 Associated Chambers of Commerce had unanimously passed a resolution in favour of the principle of the Bill. It was, in fact, a measure which both masters and men were united in pressing on the Legislature, and in the preparation of which he was indebted for assistance to the President of the Board of Trade. It had indeed been drafted under the superintendence of the right hon. Gentleman, who he believed would speak in favour of it that day. He would first explain to the House how the law at present stood with regard to the hall marking of plate in this country, both for goods manufactured here and for those imported. It was evident that for the protection of the public gold and silver plate must be tested in some way to ensure the quality of the metal. For that reason assay offices had been established in various places. No gold or silver plate could be put on the market without being first sent to an assay office and tested and marked accordingly. Hon. Members would agree that that was a reasonable provision. Not only must goods made in this country be so tested, but foreign plate also had to be dealt with in the same way, and to have impressed upon it the same marks. The marks which were now required to be put on plate made in this country were for silver wares, first, the local mark of the Assay Office, as in London a leopard's head, in Birmingham an anchor, in Sheffield a crown, and so on; secondly, a lion, indicating silver; thirdly, a letter varying with every year to indicate in what year and what century the plate was assayed. These were the three standard marks which all silver plate sent into the Assay Offices had to bear. These marks were likewise put on foreign plate, but in addition to them it was provided by the Customs (Tariff) Act of 1876 that foreign plate should be marked with a letter F on another escutcheon. It was not often that Acts of Parliament indicated reasons for their existence or provisions, but in this case it was noteworthy that the Act stated that this was to be done in order "to denote that the plate was imported from abroad." The object thus indicated in the statute had not been secured, because the letter F had not been recognised as an indication of foreign origin. He might explain to the House 63 that in addition to the ordinary hall, marks it was usual for the manufacturer's initials indicating his name, to be added, and not unnaturally this letter F had been mistaken for the initial of the manufacturer. The public on seeing the lion mark were satisfied that the goods were silver and did not look at anything else. Foreigners were now bringing their plate into this country for the purpose of getting the lion stamped on it, and so securing by aid of the British hall mark a better price for their manufactures in their own and in neutral markets. That was the grievance of which British manufacturers complained.
The grievance was that the foreigner sent his goods into this country for the purpose of getting the English hall mark and then sold them at an enhanced price. That was a practice against which the Legislature intended to guard in 1876, and the object of the present Bill was to enable that intention to be carried out. A precedent existed for what was now sought. By the Merchandise Marks Act of 1887 an exception as to marking was made with regard to watch-cases. Foreign watch-cases had been sent into this country in large quantities for the purpose of getting the hall mark, and were then sold as British. The Committee which inquired into the subject came to the conclusion that—
it was clearly proved that while the hall mark was intended as a mere mark of standard quality yet it had become an indication of British origin, and that when it appeared on foreign watch-cases it was taken to attribute British origin to the whole of the watch.Consequently, watches were given a different mark altogether, and the letter "F" did not appear. It was now I alleged that the grievance which existed in 1887 with regard to watches had been proved with regard to all kinds of plate, and a special mark was asked for. The Bill provided that foreign plate should be assayed in exactly the same way as at present, but that, instead of having the present hall marks with the letter "F," it should have some mark readily distinguishable from those used for marking plate wrought or made in the United Kingdom, "as His Majesty may determine by Order in Council." The particular mark to be applied would be 64 decided by the Privy Council, who would doubtless consult the different Assay Offices. It was believed that when that Order had been made the grievance would be remedied. He had shown that there was a demand for this Bill on the part of the wholesale and retail traders, that by the Customs Tariff Act of 1876 the Legislature meant to make a difference between the marks on foreign and those on British plate, and that the object of the Legislature had not been attained. The Bill created no new principle, inasmuch as it followed the precedent of the Merchandise Marks Act of 1887, and it involved no fiscal protection of any kind. British manufacturers did not object to any fair competition, but they did object to foreign goods being sold as British-made, and he hoped the House would agree to the Second Reading of the Bill. He begged to move.
§ Motion made, and Question proposed, "That the Bill be now read a second time."
§ MR. CALDWELL (Lanarkshire, Mid)said that when this Bill was before the House last session he felt that it was not one that could be allowed to pass without full discussion. It was true that the hall mark was the same both for British and for foreign plate, with the addition in the latter case of the letter "F," that letter being added for the express purpose of denoting that the plate was made abroad. The object of the hall mark was to guarantee that the material of the article was of standard quality, and that held good whether the letter "F" appeared or not. The indication of the place of origin was another question altogether. The Bill proposed the adoption of a different mark to distinguish foreign made goods, and that was exactly the object of the Merchandise Marks Act. Why was it not proposed to place on the articles "Made in Germany "or "Made in Italy" as the case might be? That would be very useful as it would enable people to know where the designs came from. Everybody knew that the Merchandise Marks Act had ruined the trade of this country.
§ SIR HOWARD VINCENT (Sheffield, Central)Then why does the hon. Member always oppose a Bill to amend it?
§ MR. CALDWELLsaid he opposed it because the amendment was as silly as the Act it sought to amend. That act had simply advertised Germany and her trade, and the Germans had been competing with us ever since. The Act of 1837 had seriously injured this country, and the present Bill would not do any good. When people were attracted by a design which had been made abroad, they would find out where it was made and buy it there instead of in the British market. He had refused to allow this Bill to pass after midnight without discussion, and he was glad it had come up now so that he could give his reasons for taking that step.
§ MR. STUART WORTLEY (Sheffield, Hallam)said the speech of the hon. Member for Mid Lanarkshire left out two main considerations—firstly, the interests of the working people; and secondly, the consumer. He would consider first the interests of the working classes. What higher interest could the worker have than the interest he had in seeing that the name of his country should not be misused by foreigners? Upon this point he addressed himself particularly to labour Members. This was the one direction in which the working man might be said to have a share in the asset which was contained in the goodwill of the business. The representation that goods were made in Great Britain when they were not was one of the most dangerous ways in which that most valuable part of a working man's property could be attacked. It was idle to contend that this Bill was intended to protect any particular trade, for its object was to protect the consumer, who was being deceived to the prejudice of the wage-earning producer. He thought ho had shown that this Bill was drawn upon genuine democratic lines, and its aim was to defeat malpractices, not on the part of the producers, but on the part of the middlemen. It was only drawing a red herring across the path for the hon. Member for Mid Lanarkshire to introduce the failure of certain proposals in the Merchandise 66 Marks Act, for they were admitted defects, and there were nearly always some defects in every Act of Parliament. The requirement that you should have the place of origin marked upon the goods was put in because of our treaty obligations, and in the expectation that the executive administration of that Act would be wholly different. It was not expected that affirmative indication of foreign origin would be required in more than a very small proportion of cases. In his opinion the Customs Department were wrongly advised, and a Bill to amend the Merchandise Marks Act ought to be passed, and with the passing of such an amending Bill would disappear the only grievance which could be alleged against the Merchandise Marks Act, except by middlemen who wanted to obtain that to which they were not entitled. He hoped hon. Members would not be led astray by all this talk about labour in Germany, with which this Bill had nothing whatever to do. He entreated the House to go back to first principles, and consider in this matter the good of the greatest number, namely, the consumers and buyers of these goods who had been deceived; and the great mass of working men who were interested in the fair fame of this country for genuineness and sincerity in manufactures. He hoped the House would resolve not to allow working men's property to be filched away by the practice of obtaining custom under false pretences.
§ SIR JAMES JOICEY (Durham, Chester-le-Street)said the speech they had just listened to was a fair sample of the speeches they were constantly hearing upon questions of this kind. The hon. Member for the Hallam Division's main argument was that this measure would benefit working men. He hoped his hon. friend would insist upon a division, because this Bill was only a bit of protection for certain manufacturers in this country. They were told the same thing and the same arguments were used in favour of the Merchandise Marks Act, and he remembered Mr. Mundella making a powerful speech against it.
§ SIR HOWARD VINCENTHe was in favour of it.
§ MR. STUART WORTLEYThis statement relates to a deceased Member of this House for whom I had great respect, and I must absolutely contradict the statement that he ever made any speech against the Merchandise Marks Act.
§ SIR JAMES JOICEYI was certainly under that impression.
§ SIR JAMES JOICEYsaid that so far as filching away working men's property and selling goods under the name of Great Britain which were not made here was concerned, he could not see that such a case had been made out in regard to this Bill. Hall marks were well known to the general public in this country, and he did not see why they should change them. As for selling things under a wrong name, the letter "F" showed clearly that the article was not made in Great Britain. He was satisfied that this Bill was simply intended to protect a particular industry, and if possible to prohibit the importation of foreign-made silver articles. He hoped the House of Commons would not sanction this Bill.
§ SIR E. DURNING-LAWRENCE (Cornwall, Truro)said the hon. Member for Mid Lanarkshire had stated that it did not matter what marks were upon silver. He disputed that argument, for there was often a question whether it was the real thing or a copy. They might make silver to-day exactly the same as that which was 130 or 140 years old but they could not put the same mark upon it without fraud. If it were a genuine old piece, instead of fetching 3s. or 5s. per ounce it might fetch £50 per ounce. Therefore it was important that the mark of silver should be understood. It was also very desirable that the public should quite clearly understand when they saw the mark whether the article was of English or of foreign manufacture. He did not say that in all cases the foreign article was worse, for he possessed some articles of foreign 68 plate of extreme value, but he did not want to possess foreign plate that pretended to have been made in England. There never was a time like the present when genuine articles possessed such an extraordinary value. A great many wealthy men were desirous of possessing articles which old British families once possessed in times past, and if dealers could only persuade these men that the articles were real and genuine they did not care what price they paid for them. He very strongly supported the passing of this measure. Watches were sent over to this country from abroad by tens of thousands, and formerly the public, looking at the cases of those watches and seeing the British mark of the lion upon, them would naturally assume that the whole of the watch was British. It had therefore been found necessary to put a mark upon watch-cases which could not be mistaken for a British mark. He failed to see any reason why they should not also put a mark on all foreign plate which would indicate plainly that it was not made in England. He failed to see that this Bill was in any way unfair to foreign workers. If people wanted foreign goods by all means let them buy them, but the public ought not to be misled by a lion being placed upon foreign goods. He was not prepared to say what special marks should be used, but he thought the Board of Trade could settle that. He strongly objected to marks being put on plate which would deceive the ordinary public. He did not think anyone realised the enormous extent to which at the present time cheap silver goods were being made. The price of silver used to be 5s. an ounce, and at that time there used to be a duty upon it of 1s. 6d. per ounce. To-day the price of silver was about 2s. 2½d. an ounce. He was told recently by a wholesale manufacturer that his firm had started works for the manufacture of small silver articles which could be sold at 3s. an ounce, but great complaints were made that purchasers were not able to distinguish between British and foreign-made articles. He asked hon. Members opposite not to oppose the Bill.
§ MR. SCHWANN (Manchester, N.)said that when he saw the names on the back of the Bill he had a suspicion that there was something against free trade in connection with it. The hon. Member for the Hallam Division of Sheffield distinctly said that he supported the measure because the free-trade doctrine was old fashioned.
§ MR. STUART WORTLEYI said nothing of the kind.
§ MR. SCHWANNI am in the recollection of the House.
§ MR. STUART WORTLEYI must ask the hon. Gentleman to quote my exact words.
§ MR. SCHWANNI had no satirical motive in making the statement. I understood that was one of the chief reasons why the hon. Member supported the Bill.
§ MR. STUART WORTLEYI would ask whether, if it is not a law, it is not the unbroken custom of this House for one Member to accept from another the explanation of what he has said.
§ MR. SCHWANNsaid he accepted the statement from the hon. Member, and was glad to hear that he was a free-trader. He thought it would only add to the difficulty of the buyer if there were put on the goods a certain trade mark which would require much greater knowledge of hall marking on the part of the outsider before he could comprehend what the mark meant. What had taken place under the Merchandise Marks Act of 1887 ought to be a warning to those who were in favour of British trade. He could state from long experience as a merchant in Manchester that until that Act was passed an immense amount of goods made in foreign countries were ordered through England. The profits upon those transactions spread throughout Manchester and other places. Those profits were now lost to this country, and the worst of it was that not only was the shipping of foreign goods by English merchants prevented, but an immense number of 70 orders had been lost which otherwise would have come to English firms.
§ SIR HOWARD VINCENTThe hon. Member knows that that was not borne out by the evidence before the Commission.
§ MR. SCHWANNI am giving my own experience.
§ SIR HOWARD VINCENTThe hon. Member did not give evidence.
§ MR. SCHWANNsaid he could assure the House that that was a fact. A number of foreign-made articles used to be ordered through Manchester houses in conjunction with English goods, but when buyers found that they were made abroad they followed up the manufacturers and gave them the orders. The result was that all sorts of new fabrics were introduced into those countries—fabrics of which it was not perhaps very easy to send out samples from England. The effect was that an immense amount of trade which was formerly done in this country had gone to the manufacturers in other countries. His hon. friend had said that it was ruining British industry. He did not believe that for a moment. He hoped the House would pause before it passed this Bill It seemed to be a measure in the interest of some manufacturers, and no doubt the working people of Sheffield and Birmingham, but it was not in the interest of the public generally. He should regret, even for those trades concerned, if we were to abandon the free-trade principles upon which we had acted in England for the last fifty or sixty years. The effect of the measure would be indirectly to put considerable difficulty in the way of importing foreign plate with the result that actually less plate would be introduced into this country. One great advantage which our own manufacturers derived from these imports was that they were able to see the beautiful designs produced in France and ether countries not second to this country in the matter of taste. If we once commenced to rope in a trade, to confine it within bars, and to protect it, the imagination of manufacturers would diminish. They would not see the necessity for employing first-class workmen, and would think that anything 71 would do for this country, because the public would be compelled to buy the goods. He would support his hon. friend in pressing this matter to a division.
§ MR. LAWRENCE (Liverpool Abercromby)said reference had been made to the Merchandise Marks Act and its effect on the foreign trade of this country. He wished to inform the House that he had received a request from the Liverpool Chamber of Commerce to support this Bill. When they heard so much of the injury done by the Merchandise Marks Act in certain quarters, he could not help thinking that this important body would not have asked him to support the Bill if they thought there was anything in that objection. It was only proposed by this Rill to follow on the lines of the previous Act, and therefore they were not entering upon any new departure. By passing this Bill Parliament would enable the public to know what they ought to know, namely, from where the goods were imported. He believed that a well-designed article would sooner or later obtain the appreciation of the public. He felt convinced, however, that foreign goods should be marked in the way proposed. By passing the Rill they would only be doing justice to British workmen, I while not preventing the entrance into this country of really good foreign goods.
§ MR. HENDERSON (Durham, Barnard Castle)said all the speeches to which he had listened from the other side of the House were more or less of a protectionist character. The hon. Member for the Hallam Division put in a strong appeal to the labour representatives to support the Bill, and assured them that its promoters were actuated by a desire to do something in the interest of the particular trades affected. He had heard no argument which at all wont to prove that the workers as a whole were going to be benefited if this Bill were passed. There was no evidence that the articles were made under unfair conditions, although they were often told that such was the case in connection with foreign-made goods. Nor had the question of inferior quality been raised. 72 That had been settled by previous legislation. If no attempt had been made to prove that the articles imported were of inferior quality what could be the object of the measure? To his mind the object was to promote not the interest of the workers but that of the manufacturers. Several speakers had said that under present conditions the purchaser did not know that an article was of foreign manufacture. That seemed to him to be a reflection on the intelligence of the purchaser. Surely all the purchasers did not go into the question whether the firm's name began with an "F," or whether "F" represented that the article had been made abroad. He supposed that the hon. Gentleman wanted two "F's' to represent that the article had been made abroad. How far was this principle going to be carried. It might be driven much further than the hon. Gentleman desired. Some hon. Members who represented labour might demand that there should be some mark to distinguish articles which were made under unfair or sweating conditions in this country; and then it would be found that those who were asking for support for this Bill would go into the Lobby against them. He spoke in the House directly in the interest of labour, and he would oppose this measure, believing that it was not in the interest of the workmen but that it was of a protectionist character, and instead of helping the workmen it would have the opposite effect.
§ MR. LOWE (Birmingham, Edgbaston)said that the Rill was simple and reasonable. There were a large number of people engaged in this trade in his constituency who were unanimously in favour of the Bill and who had asked him to give it his support; and he intended to do so. It was quite erroneous to suppose that the Bill raised the question as between free trade and protection. It was not intended to restrict the sale of these articles, but that people should see that they were purchasing foreign-made articles. The principle had been recognised in the Act of 1876,which provided that goods should be marked in a distinctive way showing that they had been made abroad, and that they should be marked 73 by the letter "F." But they had heard from the hon. Member who had introduced this Bill that it had been found, from experience, that that mark was not sufficient; and all he asked was that the mark should be made sufficiently distinctive. That seemed to him to be eminently fair and reasonable, and he would give the Bill his warmest support.
§ SIR JOSEPH LEESE (Lancashire, Accrington)said that his objection to the Bill was that it was unnecessary. Why should they load the Statute-book with unnecessary measures? The Act of 1875 provided very clearly and distinctly that full notice should be given to the consumer or purchaser that what he wanted to buy was not made in this country but abroad. Under that Act the letter "F" in an escutcheon was required to be stamped on the article alongside the marks indicating the quality of the metal. By Statute that, letter "F" was declared to moan foreign make. If that notice to the buyer was insufficient what kind of mark would be substituted? He could not see how either workpeople or manufacturers would be benefited by this Bill. In nine cases out of ten the buyer would purchase what most took his fancy whether foreign or British. Under these circumhe objected to the Bill as wholly unnecessary.
§ SIR FRANCIS POWELL (Wigan)said that if he thought this Bill was a protectionist proposal he would vote against it, because he entirely concurred with the First Lord of the Treasury in his objection to a protectionist policy. But this Bill was not of that character. The only intention of the measure was that the purchaser should have the right to know what was the character of the article he was purchasing. There were some goods, such as silks, which were better produced in, say, France than in this country, and always would be, because of the delicate artistic faculty of the French workman, which had not been given to the English workman. Some reference had been made to the Merchandise Marks Act in connection with the discussions in Committee on the Musical Copyright Bill. He believed that that Act had worked in restraint of trade; 74 although the representations made that day by the representative of the shipping houses in Liverpool that it had not so acted, had made an impression on his mind.
§ MR. BULL (Hammersmith)said he understood that the object of this Bill was to have a separate mark for foreign-made goods. He was connected with a firm which had manufactured gold and silver articles for a century. They had encouraged native artists and had a largo collection of models; and they found that these models wore copied abroad and the manufactured articles wore brought into this country and were purchased here under the idea that they came from his firm. He hoped that the Board of Trade would alter the whole of the marking of these goods, and would make the marking entirely distinct so as to show which was home and which was foreign-made. What was wanted was that in the case of foreign plate the old heraldic marks of the lion, crown, anchor, etc., should not appear at all, but something entirely distinct.
§ SIR HOWARD VINCENTsaid that this was in no sense a measure connected with protection. All the bodies connected with the manufacture of gold and silver urged the adoption of the Bill. The hon. Member opposite said he represented labour in a special sense. Ho denied that. He himself represented labour. The great majority of his constituents were working men. The hon. Member for Barnard Castle did not represent labour any more than any other hon. Member in the House. He contended that the interests of the working men were injuriously affected by the present state affairs. The hon. Member for the Barnard Castle Division said that he understood perfectly well the marks on these foreign-made goods. Might he ask the hon. Member to look at his watch and see whether it was of English make or of foreign make? He very much doubted whether he would be able to do it. He remembered when the Merchandise Marks Bill was being considered in Committee, the late Mr. Mundella was in the Chair, and when the members of the Committee were asked to produce their watches it was found that the only member who had an English-made watch was Mr. Mundella himself, although several 75 of the members had watches which bore the names of English firms on them. The hon. Member for Durham maligned the late Mr. Mundella in connection with the Merchandise Marks Act. Mr. Mundella took a very active part indeed in the enactment of the Act of 1887. He was also a member of the Committee of 1896 and 1897, but unfortunately his death occurred just before the Committee reported, so that he was not at the final sitting. The Committee reported that they were "satisfied that the operation of the Merchandise Marks Act of 1887 has been on the whole beneficial. There has been abundant evidence that it has, to a great extent, stopped the fraudulent practices against which it was directed." On behalf of the watchmaking trade it was represented that the marks of foreign origin placed upon watch-cases should be in visible letters, inasmuch as it was found that die watches were made abroad and imported in order to be placed in British hall-marked cases and then sold as British manufacture. The Committee thought the demand reasonable. The Member for Mid Lanark was very emphatic in his condemnation of the Merchandise Marks Act, and he was very glad to hear him say that the words "Made in Germany" had done an immense amount of injury to the trade of this country. If so, why did he continually oppose this Bill, and not alter the words and put in something more definite?
§ MR. CALDWELLsaid his answer was that the proposals of the hon. Members were quite as ridiculous as the present system of marking.
§ SIR HOWARD VINCENTsaid why, then, did not the hon. Member suggest some change? It was all very well condemning everything. The hon. Member was a very clever and a very persevering man and opposed everybody's Bills except his own. He invited the hon. Member to confer with him and see in what way they could remove this injury to the trade of the country. It had been shown by his hon. friend most clearly that the word "F" was of a diminutive character and passed totally unobserved by the ordinary purchaser. That meant 76 that great injury was done to the purchasers of British plate. It was absurd to attempt to distinguish between the interests of the manufacturers and their workmen in this matter. He hoped, therefore, the House would give the Bill a second reading.
§ SIR THOMAS ESMONDE (Wexford, N.)thought it was a great pity that this subject could not be discussed without the question of free trade and protection being brought into the discussion. However foreign manufactured silver was marked it would make no difference to the quantity that came into this country or the amount of foreign manufactured silver sold. In his opinion this was a question which the House was entitled to consider and discuss from the consumer's point of view. They had different hall marks for England, Ireland, and Scotland, and it was a common custom for English manufacturers to send silver over to Ireland to be marked, and the letter "F" which was put on foreign manufactured silver was not sufficient to tell the ordinary buyer where the silver came from. Hall marks were at first marks of origin, and for his part he would go much further than this Bill went. He did not consider it was fair that either English, Irish, or Scotch marks should be put on any silver of foreign manufacture, and it would be a wise thing for the Board of Trade to come to that conclusion and to prevent any of the British hall marks being put on foreign silver, and if at the same time some other mark were put on to show that that silver had paid a tax it would be a much better arrangement than that, which obtained at present. If people wanted to buy Irish, English, or Scotch silver they should be at liberty to purchase it, and none of these marks should be put on silver of foreign origin.
§ MR. MURRAY (Coventry)supported the Second Reading of the Bill. He repudiated the suggestion that the question of free trade was involved by the measure, declaring that the Party that it was supported by, the Members for Birmingham, did not necessarily raise the question of protection. He stood in a different position, for he was a free-trader, and as a free-trader, declined 77 to associate free trade with fraud. He saw no necessary connection between free trade, which he desired to support, and fraud, which he desired to put an end to. Would it be one of the planks of the platform of the hon. Member for Mid Lanark when, under another Government, he became Secretary for Scotland, or Lord Advocate, to do away with all hall marks.
§ MR. CALDWELLI must absolutely decline to make any answer to that, because if the event takes place, which the hon. Gentleman predicts, which is very unlikely, one cannot do anything without consulting one's colleagues.
§ MP. MURRAYThe hon. Member had laid down the point that hall marking simply stamped the quality, hut it went beyond that; it identified the origin, and the date, which was a very important point in the question of the price of gold and silver. Parliament had gone a step further than the date; it had added the letter "F," to distinguish between foreign and British plate. The supporters of the Bill, who spoke for a very large interest in the country, simply argued that what Parliament did then was in the right direction and was justified, but was not sufficient, and all they asked now was to make that measure more effective. It had been said that the letter "F" might refer to a certain manufacturer, but there could be three different "F's" on different shaped shields, one showing the article was of foreign manufacture, one the nominal mark of the maker, and the third signifying the date; and he did not think the doing away with this confusion could be stigmatised as protection. The Bill, he declared, was brought forward in justifiable defence of interests against fraud, and they ought to be thus protected whether they were those of consumer, manufacturer, or worker. This was not a small matter; it was a matter which interested large sections of trade, and it could not do the slightest harm, for any one who wished would still be able to purchase foreign plate.
§ MR. NORMAN (Wolverhampton, S.)repudiated in the strongest possible way that any question of protection or 78 free trade was involved by the Bill. If it had savoured of protection, he need not say that his own name would not have appeared in connection with it. The question at issue was a very simple one; it was whether there should be a big "F," or some corresponding mark, to denote that the article was of foreign manufacture. The law had decided that these goods should be marked in a certain fashion, but they were now marked in such a way that the British hall mark, perhaps the highest standard, could be and was regularly, fraudulently used. This was not only obviously defeating the intentions of the law but also the interests of this country. The issue, therefore, was simply whether the mark was to be used as intended by Parliament or used in such a way as to lend itself to fraud; ond he hoped his hon. friends would not vote against the Bill simply because its srigin was in the Birmingham conatituency.
§ THE PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF TRADE (Mr. GERALD BALFOUR,) Leeds, Centralsaid the Bill was supported by the Board of Trade for reasons stated by the hon. Member for the Ecclesall Division of Sheffield. The question was one of extreme simplicity. The Legislature had already laid down the principle that foreign-made plate should be distinguished from British, and to effect that distinction the Act o fl876 enacted that he letter "F" should be stamped on foreign-made plate sold in this county. It was found, however, that the mark was insufficient, and this Bill proposed in lieu of it a more distinctive mark. The sacred principles of free trade had been invoked against the Bill, and the Merchandise Marks Act had been dragged in and its principle assailed. But was that Act inconsistent with the principles of free trade? If so it would hardly have passed that House without a division in 1887. It might be desirable that the Merchandise Marks Act should be amended in certain directions, but he thought the Select Committee who inquired into its operation were right in maintaining that on the whole its effect had been beneficial. But it was possible to condemn the general effect of the Merchandise Marks Act and yet hold that this Bill was amply justified. The case of this 79 Bill was a peculiar one, for while the Legislature enacted that a mark should be applied, it had been shown that the mark, which was originally intended to be a guarantee of the quality of the material, had gradually become to be taken as an indication of origin by the great mass of customers. Both customers and producers were entitled to have such a distinctive mark put upon plate that they would be enabled to know what was British-made and what foreign-made. The only consideration which should lead them to leave things as they were was that some particular section of the trade would be seriously damaged by the change. This was not so in the present instance. Every section of the trade, employers and workmen alike, were agreed that the change now proposed
§ would be advantageous, and he hoped the Bill would be read a second time.
§ COLONEL DENNY (Kilmarnock Burghs)suggested that, in the discussion of the principles of this Bill, the President of the Board of Trade should avoid giving a great and gratuitous advertisement to foreign competitors, as the Merchandise Marks Act had unhappily done. He thought that that Act was one of the greatest disasters to British trade, and had undoubtedly been the origin of other competing lines of steamships from Germany.
§ Question put.
§ The House divided:—Ayes, 96; Noes, 53. (Division List No. 63.)
Acland-Hood Capt. Sir Alex. F. | Greene, Henry D. (Shrewsbury. | Reckitt, Harold James |
Anson, Sir William Reynell | Harris, F. Leverton (Tynem'th) | Reid, James (Greenock) |
Arkwright, John Stanhope | Helder, Augustus | Rolleston, Sir John F. L. |
Aubrey-Fletcher, Rt. Hn. Sir H. | Hickman, Sir Alfred | Rollit, Sir Albert Kaye |
Bain, Colonel James Robert | Hoare, Sir Samuel | Runciman, Walter |
Balcarres, Lord | Holland, Sir William Henry | Russell, T. W. |
Balfour, Rt. Hon. G. W. (Leeds | Howard, J. (Midd., Tottenham) | Samuel, Herbert L. (Cleveland) |
Banbury, Sir Frederick George | Jebb, Sir Richard Claverhouse | Sloan, Thomas Henry |
Barran, Rowland Hirst | Kenyon-Slaney, Col. W. (Salop | Spear, John Ward |
Bentinck, Lord Henry C. | Knowles, Sir Lees | Stanley, Edw. Jas. (Somerset) |
Bignold, Arthur | Laurie, Lieut.-General | Stewart, Sir Mark J. M'Taggart |
Black, Alexander William | Lawrence, Wm. F. (Liverpool | Talbot, Lord E. (Chichester) |
Blundell, Colonel Henry | Lawson, Jn. G. (Yorks., N.R.) | Thorburn, Sir Walter |
Campbell, Rt. Hn. J. A. (Glasgow | Layland- Barratt, Francis | Thornton, Percy M. |
Campbell, John (Armagh, S.) | Loder, Gerald Walter Erskine | Tomlinson, Sir Wm. Edw. M. |
Cavendish, V.C.W. (Derbyshire | Lonsdale, John Brownlee | Tuff, Charles |
Chapman, Edward | Lowe, Francis William | Valentia, Viscount |
Charrington, Spencer | Lucas, Reginald J.(Portsmouth | Vincent, Col. Sir C. E. H. (Sheff'ld |
Cripps, Charles Alfred | Macdona, John Cumming | Walker, Col. William Hall |
Crossley, Rt. Hon. Sir Savile | Malcolm, Ian | Walrond, Rt. Hn. Sir William H. |
Dalrymple, Sir Charles | Morrell, George Herbert | Walton, Joseph (Barnsley) |
Denny, Colonel | Mount, William Arthur | Wason, Jn. Cathcart (Orkney) |
Dickson, Charles Scott | Mowbray, Sir Robert Gray C. | Whiteley, H.(Ashton und. Lyne |
Donelan, Captain A. | Murnaghan, George | Williams, Osmond (Merioneth) |
Durning-Lawrence, Sir Edwin | Murray, Charles J. (Coventry) | Wilson, John (Glasgow) |
Esmonde, Sir Thomas | O'Mara, James | Wodehouse, Rt.Hn. E.R.(Bath |
Fergusson, Rt. Hn. Sir J. (Manc'r | O'Shaughnessy, P. J. | Wortley, Rt. Hon. C. B. Stuart- |
Fielden, Edward Brocklehurst | O'Shee, James John | Wrightson, Sir Thomas |
Flower, Sir Ernest | Parrott, William | |
Forster, Henry William | Pemberton, John S. G. | TELLERS FOR THE AYES—Mr. Samuel Roberts and Mr. Norman. |
Fyler, John Arthur | Platt- Higgins, Frederick | |
Gardner, Ernest | Plummer, Walter R. | |
Garfit, William | Powell, Sir Francis Sharp | |
Grant, Corrie | Rasch, Sir Frederic Carne | |
Ainsworth, John Stirling | Crean, Eugene | Ffrench, Peter |
Barry, E. (Cork, S.) | Crombie, John William | Flynn, James Christopher |
Burns, John | Delany, William | Gladstone, Rt. Hn. Herb. John |
Cameron, Robert | Dunn, Sir William | Hammond, John |
Causton, Richard Knight | Edwards, Frank | Hayden, John Patrick |
Channing, Francis Allston | Farquharson, Dr. Robert | Hemphill, Rt. Hon. Charles H. |
Condon, Thomas Joseph | Fenwick, Charles | Horniman, Frederick John |
Joicey, Sir James | O'Connor, James (Wicklow, W. | Toulmin, George |
Jones, D. Brynmor (Swansea) | Priestley, Arthur | Trevelyan, Charles Philips |
Kitson, Sir James | Reddy, M. | Wallace, Robert |
Lawson, Sir Wilfrid (Cornwall) | Roberts, John H. (Denbighs.) | Whiteley, George (York, W. R.) |
Leese, Sir Jos. F. (Accrington) | Roche, John | Whitley, J. H. (Halifax) |
Levy, Maurice | Schwann, Charles E. | Whittaker, Thomas Palmer |
Lundon, W. | Slack, John Bamford | Wolff, Gustav Wilhelm |
M'Kenna, Reginald | Soames, Arthur Wellesley | Woodhouse, Sir J. T (Huddersf'd |
M'Laren, Sir Charles Benjamin | Spencer, Rt. Hn. C. R (Northants | |
Markham, Arthur Basil | Sullivan, Donal | TELLERS FOR THE NOES—Mr. Caldwell and Mr. Henderson. |
Nannetti, Joseph P. | Thomas, D. Alfred (Merthyr) | |
Nolan, Joseph (Louth, South) | Thomson, F. W. (York, W. R.) |
Bill read a second time, and committed to the Standing Committee on Trade, Etc.
§ Bill accordingly read a second time, and committed to the Standing Committee on Law, &c.


text:
Python's multi-platform availability is awesome, I develop on Mac and execute on Windows or Linux. What isn't awesome is dependency management, every time I touch a machine I go through a loop...
- Run the script.. it fails
- Pip install whatever I've missed.. I typically code my self reminders
- Try again, and keep looping until it works.
One option might be ansible, script the dependencies before running the script, but ansible+linux, ansible+windows & ansible+osx are not interchangeable; even in linux you have to write your playbooks to deal with APT & YUM differences, out the gate I was spending too much time on the playbook and not what I was trying to do. I have also explored virtualenv as an option and whereas it separates the host-os from script dependency it doesn't solve portability issue, I'd still end up going thru the loop.
Having read this, the cool kids are screaming CONTAINERS at the screen. After reading a few tutorials it's quite easy to get a webserver like NGINX up and running but it takes an extra penny to drop to see how that applies to python scripts and that penny will probably only drop if you have to port your stuff onto different systems.
So that should explain the why?!?! And here are my examples to help you out.
Example 1: Containerised Python Requests.
Python requests is a common dependency for me, if you need your script to talk to "the outside world" the chances are you need requests. Requests is really easy to install, so this is like a Hello World on running a python script in docker.
First up you need a Docker file and a base image, I like to start with the official python+alpine container; the pip install on top of that, here's my example...
FROM python:alpine
LABEL maintainer="Nick <linickx.com>"
LABEL version="0.1"
RUN pip install requests
WORKDIR /app
ENTRYPOINT ["python"]
A couple of points, WORKDIR
is where in the container your command is executed, and ENTRYPOINT
is the default executable before any COMMAND
that might be run.
If you're read the getting started on docker, you might be wondering how this has made things simpler, building a container for each system then running it is just as much pain as ansible/virtualenv/another-script... Well, this is where docker-compose
comes in, here's my example...
version: '2'
context: ./
dockerfile: Dockerfile
command: test.py
- ./:/app/
Here we build the container (with our dependencies), mount the local directory as /app/
and then execute test.py
.. command
happens after entrypoint
so what happens inside the container is something like cd $WORKDIR;python test.py
... all with ONE COMMAND -> docker-compose up
mbp:$ docker-compose up
Building py_local
Step 1/6 : FROM python:alpine
---> 29b5ce58cfbc
Step 2/6 : LABEL maintainer="Nick <linickx.com>"
---> Running in fcf3f52dbf31
Removing intermediate container fcf3f52dbf31
---> 45564d24bf07
Step 3/6 : LABEL version="0.1"
---> Running in 73280d93d36b
Removing intermediate container 73280d93d36b
---> ec67a43f288b
Step 4/6 : RUN pip install requests
---> Running in 329180a50263
Collecting requests
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f1/ca/10332a30cb25b627192b4ea272c351bce3ca1091e541245cccbace6051d8/requests-2.20.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (60kB)
Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17 (from requests)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/56/9d/1d02dd80bc4cd955f98980f28c5ee2200e1209292d5f9e9cc8d030d18655/certifi-2018.10.15-py2.py3-none-any.whl (146kB)
Collecting urllib3<1.25,>=1.21.1 (from requests)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/62/00/ee1d7de624db8ba7090d1226aebefab96a2c71cd5cfa7629d6ad3f61b79e/urllib3-1.24.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (118kB)
Collecting idna<2.8,>=2.5 (from requests)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4b/2a/0276479a4b3caeb8a8c1af2f8e4355746a97fab05a372e4a2c6a6b876165/idna-2.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58kB)
Collecting chardet<3.1.0,>=3.0.2 (from requests)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/bc/a9/01ffebfb562e4274b6487b4bb1ddec7ca55ec7510b22e4c51f14098443b8/chardet-3.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (133kB)
Installing collected packages: certifi, urllib3, idna, chardet, requests
Successfully installed certifi-2018.10.15 chardet-3.0.4 idna-2.7 requests-2.20.0 urllib3-1.24.1
You are using pip version 9.0.1, however version 18.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
Removing intermediate container 329180a50263
---> b8549d493202
Step 5/6 : WORKDIR /app
---> Running in 62475957059e
Removing intermediate container 62475957059e
---> 24091216b63b
Step 6/6 : ENTRYPOINT ["python"]
---> Running in 4072f961b795
Removing intermediate container 4072f961b795
---> 2e1680284ec1
Successfully built 2e1680284ec1
Successfully tagged docker-python-alpine-requests_py_local:latest
WARNING: Image for service py_local was built because it did not already exist. To rebuild this image you must use `docker-compose build` or `docker-compose up --build`.
Creating docker-python-alpine-requests_py_local_1 ... done
Attaching to docker-python-alpine-requests_py_local_1
py_local_1 | [INFO] 2018-11-04 10:57:46,652 Requests Works!
docker-python-alpine-requests_py_local_1 exited with code 0
So, [INFO] 2018-11-04 10:57:46,652 Requests Works!
is the output of the script after it ran, and since we mounted ./
as /app/
if your script wrote out a file it would appear locally on your system (and not in the container)
Example 2: Pandas
Building requests in a container as a single pip command might not seem that much of a time save, however something a bit more tricky like python's pandas is a different story; panda's has a couple of OS dependencies plus a pip dependency.
I've posted a Dockerfile on github, and also a public image, as you can see from the pull below there's a bit more under the hood; the output below is from this docker-compose file.
mbp:$ docker-compose up
Pulling py_pandas (linickx/python-alpine-pandas:)...
latest: Pulling from linickx/python-alpine-pandas
4fe2ade4980c: Already exists
7cf6a1d62200: Already exists
3be976674be6: Already exists
c52373c891c4: Already exists
afe67e449426: Already exists
b000252b6aec: Pull complete
dd3345e1f782: Pull complete
ac49affbd3aa: Pull complete
3be8701c00d1: Pull complete
7f48fbfd73c2: Pull complete
319ea22ffca9: Pull complete
fed0e39d2eaf: Pull complete
53c49977267c: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:22d5162f5cfd01b6665d2952c42606a69a57d7bba5861b61ca88724884e1380b
Status: Downloaded newer image for linickx/python-alpine-pandas:latest
Creating docker-python-alpine-pandas_py_pandas_1 ... done
Attaching to docker-python-alpine-pandas_py_pandas_1
py_pandas_1 | [INFO] 2018-10-28 21:18:44,458 Pandas Works!
docker-python-alpine-pandas_py_pandas_1 exited with code 0
A quick note on Security
I have posted my public images for testing, the sources of which can be found on github, however no-one should trust a docker container from a random on the Internet, you have no control over what goes in and the container or it's dependencies could change without your knowledge, find a trusted base like the official alpine and build your local Dockerfile & repositories from there :)


text:
Veneto Luce LED 36 inch Brushed Nickel Bath Bar Wall Light, Aero
Image shown is not an exact match for the product or options you've selected
- No Restocking Fee
- Bulbs Included
- Made To Order
Veneto Luce LED 36 inch Brushed Nickel Bath Bar Wall Light, Aero
- No Restocking Fee
- Bulbs Included
- Made To Order
Special Order: This item has a lead time of 5-7 Days
This item is no longer available, but our Lighting Experts will be happy to help you find something similar that will suit your style, space and budget.
Are you a Trade Professional?
Log in to your LNY Pro account, or sign up here to receive exclusive trade pricing and other Pro benefits today!
Our Experts Help You Every Step of the Way
Our Lighting Experts can help you find the brand that best suits your style & budget.Veneto Luce LED 36 inch Brushed Nickel Bath Bar Wall Light, Aero
Veneto Luce™ - Aero 4-Light LED Bath Bar - Cylinder w/ Rippled Rim Shade - Whitewash - Brushed Nickel - Dedicated LED
Justice DesignCategory
Bathroom Vanity LightsCollection
Veneto LuceFinish
Brushed NickelColor
Silvers/GraysProduct Specifications
Product Information
Electrical and Operational Information
Dimensions and Measurements
Warranty and Specifications
Additional Details
- Shade Shape: Cylinder w/ Rippled Rim
- Shade Dimensions: Shade Dimensions: Shade Height: 6.25, Shade Width: 4.5, Shade Length: 4.5
- This fixture can be installed as an uplight or downlight
- Dimming Type: Incandescent/Triac/ELV dimmers
Shade Information
About the Brand
Justice Design offers a wide array of lighting solutions for residential and commercial settings. From an elegant yet modern Porcelina ceiling light, to a traditional CandleAria chandelier, Justice Design has the options to customize their fixtures to any decor. Justice Design also offers Bath Bars, Table and Floor Lamps, and Outdoor Wall Lighting.


text:
Three Sundays: December 3, 10, 17 from 2:00 to 3:30 p.m. ET Online
Lecture and Discussion. This live class will be recorded and available for later viewing.
A one-act play in verse, a famous essay on heroism, and a strand of the DNA of The Lord of the Rings—all can be traced back to Tolkien's lifelong study of "The Battle of Maldon", a fragment of Old English poetry chronicling a disastrous English defeat in the summer of 991. This class will trace Tolkien's responses to the poem, both creative and critical: from his 1930s translation of the original poem; to his 1953 "sequel" play, "The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth"; and finally, to the many ways in which Maldon colors and seasons his famous fantasy fiction. Discussion is encouraged after—and during—each lecture.
Three Sundays: December 3, 10, and 17 from 2:00 to 3:30 p.m. ET Online
Required Books:
The Battle of Maldon: together with the Homecoming of Beorhtnoth, by J.R.R. Tolkien (9780063338180)
Recommended Further Reading:
The Lord of the Rings, by J.R.R. Tolkien (9780544273443)
A Sense of Tales Untold: Exploring the Edges of Tolkien's Literary Canvas, by Peter Grybauskas (9781606354308)
Peter Grybauskas is Senior Lecturer in English at the University of Maryland, where he leads courses on fantasy and food. His work has featured in Tolkien Studies, Mythlore, and collections in English and Italian. He is the editor of J.R.R. Tolkien's The Battle of Maldon, and author of A Sense of Tales Untold: Exploring the Edges of Tolkien's Literary Canvas, a 2022 Mythopoeic Award finalist.
REFUND POLICY: Please note that we can issue class refunds up until seven (7) days before the first class session.


text:
- 405-422-6330
- email@example.com
- Tuesday - Friday: 10:00 A.M. - 4:00 P.M.
- Follow us on Facebook
THIS BOOK IS USED! Some typical wear and tear of a used book is to be expected.
The Sixth U.S. Cavalry had its birth at the outbreak of the Civil War with its first action at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1862. They fought in the Army of the Potomac under General Sheridan throughout the war. From 1865 to 1871 the regiment was stationed in Austin and Fort Richardson, Texas, acting as both a federal policing unit in the Reconstruction military government and as protectors against the Comanches along the frontier. After 1871 they moved into Kansas and the Indian Territory and in 1874 were under the command of Col. Nelson A. Miles in his operations against the Comanches, Cheyennes, and Kiowas. The regiment was then stationed in Arizona and New Mexico and spent the next ten years in operations against the Apaches. Their last action against the Indians was at Wounded Knee in 1890. Fighting did not come again until the short-lived Spanish-American war in 1898 where the unit was prominent in the battle of Santiago. The author was a 2nd Lieutenant when he joined the Sixth Cavalry in 1874 and remained on their rolls for his entire career. In 1900 he wrote this history of the unit and had it privately published in Baltimore. Unfortunately a large part of the edition was destroyed by fire, make the original book one of the scarcest and most expensive histories of a major military unit.
In stock
Tuesday – Friday
Museum & Library Now Open!
Masks Optional & Please Social Distance
Phone: (405) 422-6330
Copyright © 2021 US Cavalry Association. A 501 (c)(3) non-profit educational organization.


text:
A MS-13 murder was captured on the 7 train in New York City.
The horrific footage was captured by Progressive Action.
You can see the MS-13 activists wrestling outside the 7 train and then you hear bullets flying.
Via John Cardillo:
Full unedited video of MS-13 murder on 7 Train in NYC.
Credit @progressiveact for capturing this footage.
— John Cardillo (@johncardillo) February 4, 2019
The 7 train goes through Ocasio-Cortez's 14th district.
Meanwhile, Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez invited Soros-funded, illegal alien activist Ana Maria Archila to the State of the Union Address by President Trump on Tuesday.
While MS-13 is terrorizing her district.
UPDATE— NYPD has a suspect.
Thanks to Andrew Bostom.
@gatewaypundit Investigation of possible MS-13 murder?? on NYC 7 train line https://t.co/kdKCrzKZxa by NYPD advancing https://t.co/yVrIoKY3U7
— Andrew Bostom, MD, MS (@andrewbostom) February 4, 2019


text:
Honor and respect for the Black Lives Matter movement were threaded throughout the first night of the Democratic National Convention, building on the embrace of the movement represented by the appearance of the Mothers of the Movement at the 2016 DNC. One of those mothers, Lucy McBath, is now a member of Congress. And the 2020 DNC included a moment of silence for George Floyd and other victims of police violence, led by Floyd's brother Philonise.
"George should be alive today. Breonna Taylor should be alive today. Ahmaud Arbery should be alive today. Eric Garner should be alive today. Stephon Clark, Atatiana Jefferson, Sandra Bland—they should all be alive today," Philonise Floyd said. Since they are not, "it's up to us to carry on the fight for justice."
But the movement for Black lives was present throughout the night, not confined to a single moment. Nominees don't usually appear until the final night of a convention, when they accept the nomination, but Joe Biden appeared Monday night in a recorded conversation about systemic racism with Gwen Carr, the mother of Eric Garner; Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot; NAACP President Derek Johnson; Houston Police Chief Art Acevedo; and social justice advocate Jamira Burley. That discussion featured Biden doing a lot of listening, not a role a nominee usually takes on, and definitely not one his opponent in November is known for.
Biden did walk a line there, between the calls by many in the movement to defund the police and his own reformist stance. "Most cops are good," he said. "But the fact is the bad ones have to be identified and prosecuted and out. Period."
Washington, D.C., Mayor Muriel Bowser was shown speaking in front of the giant "Black Lives Matter" lettering she had painted onto a street one block from the White House. Her remarks focused on Donald Trump's occupation of her city with federal troops, and the violent clearing of peaceful protesters from Lafayette Square so Trump could have a photo op in front of St. John's Episcopal Church.
"If he did this to D.C., he would do it to your city or your town," Bowser said. "And that's when I said, 'Enough'. I said, 'Enough for every Black and Brown American who has experienced injustice, enough for every American who believes in justice.'" Again, many activists would question the depth of Bowser's commitment to movement politics. But having her speak directly to this issue at the convention again signaled the central role of not just racial justice but the Black Lives Matter movement specifically in the vision of the United States being laid out in the carefully choreographed DNC.
Tuesday through Thursday nights will show if racial justice was making a one-night-only appearance at the convention or if it will continue to be a theme throughout.
"And when this moment ends, let's make sure we never stop saying their names," Philonise Floyd said in introduction of the moment of silence.


text:
Summing up the stay of the head of government in the lands of Gaul, the Vietnam News Agency (VNA) noted that the two countries reaffirmed the will to deepen their strategic partnership, which was established eight years ago.
In Paris, Minh Chen met with President Emmanuel Macron. Prime Minister Jan Casteks; the presidents of the Senate, Gerald Larch, and Richard Ferran in the National Assembly; and National Secretary of the French Communist Party, Fabien Roussel.
The VNA notes that the parties' common interest was in strengthening trade exchanges and bilateral cooperation in various fields, a commandment that was also expressed in the ministerial meetings that accompanied the Prime Minister and his French counterparts.
France is Vietnam's fifth largest trading partner in Europe. In 2020, bilateral trade volume reached $4.81 billion. It is also the third in the old continent in terms of investments in the state of Indochina (605 projects with a capital of 3600 million dollars).
With regard to regional and international issues, the VNA emphasized that the parties called for strengthening relations between the European Union and the Indo-China state, and between the European bloc and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
Previously, in the United Kingdom, Minh Chen participated in the Climate Change Summit and made a working visit to that country.
"Award-winning alcohol trailblazer. Hipster-friendly internetaholic. Twitter ninja. Infuriatingly humble beer lover. Pop culture nerd."


text:
Legal | About | Contact
Tags | Edit | Source | Print
To See All Tags
Included page "clone:killajoules" does not exist (create it now)
RasGas Delivers First LNG Cargo under New Long Sales and Purchase Agreement RasGas Company Limited (RasGas) has announced the successful delivery of the first Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cargo under the new long term LNG Sale and Purchase Agreement (SPA) with CPC Corporation, Taiwan (CPC). The agreement was recently signed and executed on the 6th of December 2011 in Qatar during the World Petroleum Congress. The RasGas long term chartered LNG carrier named "Fuwairit" has delivered and completed the discharge of its LNG cargo successfully and safely ex-ship at CPC Corporation Taiwan Yung-An LNG receiving terminal in Taiwan on Thursday 5th January, 2012.


text:
Sometimes the use of something damaged or slightly worn can make a great effect, usually much more interesting than that caused by new-smelling furniture. Wabi Sabi has been reigning in the homes and apartments of Poles for some time. What is the phenomenon of this sloppy style with a Japanese passport?
What is Wabi Sabi?
Wabi Sabi is one of the philosophy followed by the people of Japan. Its individual elements are used in interior design. The main assumptions of this style are simplicity, naturalness and the use of clumsy objects. It would be hard not to notice that Wabi Sabi also focuses on the lack of perfection in what fills a given space. Therefore, it can include furniture with a clear defect and unevenness in the finish on the walls.
The main inspiration for the Japanese style is broadly understood minimalism. In its assumptions, there is also a strong focus on the inhabitants themselves and their comfort, and not on the objects around them. As a result, the interior that is the essence of Wabi Sabi is free from all forms of glamor. Properties for sale finished in this way are very popular and easily win the sympathy of potential buyers.
In rooms in line with the assumptions of the Wabi Sabi style, we will not find marble, gold or furniture on lion legs. We will not feel in them as in an exclusive hotel. We can only count on uncomplicated forms and very modest designs. This trend calls for the apartment to be finished in a way that suits its owners, not the fashion imposed by famous designers.
Properties for sale: Subdued colors
The philosophy of Wabi Sabi is largely natural. Therefore, it is easy to guess that in the interiors consistent with its assumptions, subdued colors should prevail. Usually these colors are supposed to resemble earth. This Japanese style is dominated by subdued browns, delicate beige, white and all possible shades of gray.
The point is that the apartment should resemble a natural landscape as much as possible and at the same time create a warm atmosphere. Therefore, the interiors in line with Wabi Sabi are not too flashy. We will not find intense yellow, green or purple in them.
Consumers agree that properties for sale, whose interiors are the essence of Wabi Sabi, are very cozy and the atmosphere in them is conducive to relaxation. These are very important criteria in a world where people are bombarded with information, responsibilities, advertisements and offers.
Lack of perfection and rough finishes
Properties for sale are more and more faithful to minimalism. In the past, great importance was attached to the fact that the interiors were perfect, today it is not so important. Wabi Sabi is a trend that stands in opposition to the constant pursuit of the ideal. This style shows that the lack of perfection can be as beautiful as the maximum refinement of the interior. It also proves that even seemingly ugly things can be arranged to look very attractive. Wabi Sabi shows that the traces of use of objects give them a unique character. A defect does not always have to be a reason to try to hide it. On the contrary – in many cases it is worth displaying it.
The described style is a perfect proposition for lovers of natural additives and raw materials. It is dominated by wood, bricks, concrete and other raw materials. Many of them are clearly affected by the passage of time. The goal of Wabi Sabi is to achieve maximum harmony in a given space.
How to use old things?
Most of the properties for sale , the interiors of which are finished and so requires input from the new owners. If they want their apartment to be the quintessence of Wabi Sabi, they can try to use old items in its arrangement. Do not be afraid of joining together wood and stones or use concrete as part of the wall finishing. You can rediscover the value of earthenware, even broken ones.
It is also worth focusing on choosing the right textiles. Natural materials such as cotton are very popular in this style. Carpets and runners affected by the tooth of time will also look great in rooms compatible with Wabi Sabi. The whole can be complemented by soft pillows and hand-made blankets in natural colors. In a word – the apartment should be exactly as its owner wants. You don't have to try to keep up with the current fashion.


text:
An ambient sound field created artificially using active acoustics (virtual acoustics) attempts to resurrect the perceived naturalness of the original architectural space and the distinct responsiveness to musical sound sources. Moving reverberation is typically associated with coupled volumes contained within a larger architectural space where each volume is activated by a sound source at a different moment in time due to propagation delay. The produced energy has a diverse characteristic rate of decay with which its energy is mixed within the common space causing multiple slopes on the decay. This causes a sensation of a decaying diffused sound that is not homogenized but distinctly appearing in different zones of the space as a shifting acoustic energy. In order to reconstruct the moving reverberation, an active acoustics system was used to render an ambient sound field from measured impulse responses of large architectural space, the Grace Cathedral in San Francisco.
Hong, Jung Wook (Jonathan); Woszczyk, Wieslaw; Begault, Durand R.; Benson, David
McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA(See document for exact affiliation information.)
AES Convention:
138 (May 2015)
Paper Number:
Publication Date:
May 6, 2015
Spatial Audio
Click to purchase paper as a non-member or you can login as an AES member to see more options.
No AES members have commented on this paper yet.
To be notified of new comments on this paper you can subscribe to this RSS feed. Forum users should login to see additional options.
If you are not yet an AES member and have something important to say about this paper then we urge you to join the AES today and make your voice heard. You can join online today by clicking here.


text:
The Environmental Aspects of Mercury
in Dental-Unit Wastewater |
In 1997 it was estimated that dental facilities in the United States used 40 metric tons of Hg (6). The Seattle Metro Study (7) and a later study by Barruci et al. (8) reported that about 8-to-14% of the Hg load to local sanitary districts originated from dental clinics. There have been few studies investigating the environmental aspects of the metals released from dental amalgam (9). Recent collaborative studies by Naleway et al. (10) and Cailas et al. (11) were the first to rigorously define the dental amalgam-wastewater stream. A later study (12) demonstrated the presence of significant levels of soluble (<0.45 µm) Hg (13) in the fluid portions of dental-unit wastewater. Industrial wastewater-treatment technologies have been developed to address specific manufacturing applications (14). However the use, development, and research on waste-treatment technologies for dental-operatory wastewater are in their infancy (15, 16). Due to the relatively small quantity of dental-operatory wastewater generated and its heterogeneous nature, developing effective, nontoxic, and cost-effective treatments has been difficult (10, 11, 17, 18). |
Regulatory Background Under Section 402 of the Clean Water Act, all point source discharges of pollutants to waters of the United States (lakes, rivers, wetlands, etc.) must be authorized under a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. In addition to direct discharges to US waters, industrial discharges to sanitary sewer systems must also meet standards and other local limitations designed to protect the water treatment facilities of the publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). NPDES discharge permits are not required for these indirect discharges, but pollution control standards are implemented through locally issued permits under the Industrial Pre-treatment Program. Municipal NPDES permits regulate POTWs and are issued to these public bodies created by State or Federal law. Most POTWs were not designed to treat toxic pollutants. As a result, dischargers, including dental treatment facilities, may be required to pretreat their effluent prior to discharge. This is precisely what transpired at the Naval Dental Center, Norfolk (12). Waste pre-treatment consists of techniques or "management practices" used to reduce or eliminate contaminates that interfere with the microorganisms used by local POTWs to facilitate waste treatment. Local Limits Two agencies did not have local limits for Hg, one agency had a narrative pollution prevention standard for Hg, and one agency had a tiered Hg limit based on flow rates from facilities. This variability in local discharge limits can create difficulties for Dental Treatment Facilities trying to meet their POTW discharge limits. Naval Institute For Dental and Biomedical Research is currently assembling a database of national discharge limits that will be made available to dental treatment centers at a future date. Analytical Methods The 400-fold decrease in the detection limit for Hg achieved with standard method 1631 will necessitate the lowering of Hg discharge limits by POTWs. Treatment Technologies In an effort to meet local POTW mandated discharge limits (0.1mg/liter average daily discharge and 0.05 mg/liter average monthly discharge) the clinic installed commercially available centrifugal amalgam separators. Six samples of the centrifuge-treated wastewater showed a mean total Hg concentration of 3.91 mg/liter (n=6, SD=0.274). Soluble Hg concentrations (< 0.45 mm) were found to be 0.37 mg/liter (n=6, SD=0.064). Mechanical separation was not sufficient to meet local POTW discharge limits and appeared to increase Hg levels when compared with sedimentation alone. Sedimentation alone can remove 95% of mercury. Further analyses determined that the concentrations of soluble Hg in the centrifuge-treated samples were higher than local POTW discharge limits. The centrifuges were removed and the first Naval Institute For Dental and Biomedical Research designed system employing a combination of sedimentation, filtration, and ion exchange technologies was installed. A standard air-water separation tank was modified to enhance sedimentation. The clarified wastewater was then pumped through a graded series of filters and finally through cat-ion exchange columns prior to discharge into waste lines. This system reduced Hg levels sufficiently for the POTW to allow dental facility reconnection to the sewer system. The Naval Institute For Dental and Biomedical Research modified settling tank and method has been awarded a patent (22). An important finding of this effort was the determination that a large amount of Hg is retained in wastewater lines. Some portion of amalgam waste never leaves the building, but is deposited in the wastewater lines. Five copper waste lines serving the dental-unit wastewater stream were collected and analyzed for total Hg using standard method 7471. An average of 1097 mg Hg per kg pipe was found, with a range of 606-to-1603 mg/kg (SD=399). This retained Hg can be solubilized through the action of oxidizing line cleaners (23) and may in itself cause excessive Hg releases. Commercially available polymers provide an effective treatment option for some dental facilities. Naval Institute For Dental and Biomedical Research tested the ability of two such polymers, individually and in combination, to remove Hg from dental-operatory wastewater (24). The two polymers selected for use in this study were an aqueous 20-to-40% solution of aluminum hydroxychloride and polyquaternary amine (25) at pH 4.0 (Nalco polymer N8186, Nalco Chemical Company, Naperville, IL) and an aqueous solution of polymeric precipitant and salt at pH 11.5-13.0, with metal chelating molecules bound to a polymer backbone (26,27) (Nalco polymer N8702, NALMET, Nalco Chemical Company, Naperville, IL). The company recommends a pH range of 6.0-9.0 as optimal for the use of these polymers. Contact time between the polymers and mercury in the waste stream is an important factor in the effectiveness of this system. The polymer based treatment system has been installed in a large 45-chair dental clinic and is currently on-line pre-treating the wastewater stream. A standard plate and frame filter press dewaters the sludge produced by the pre-treatment process. The dewatered sludge is sent for recycling at a licensed Hg retorting facility. Hg levels leaving the press have been as low as 9 mg/liter. Two Hg binding materials are currently being tested as a possible technology to pre-treat dental-unit wastewater. The first, Keylex resin (Solmetex, Inc., Billerica, MA) is being tested at a 35-chair dental-treatment facility. The wastewater is pumped from four 50-gallon air/water separating tanks into a 125-gallon pre-treatment tank where chlorine is added to disinfect and oxidize the waste. Gross filtration is used to remove large particles prior to passing through 25mm and 1 mm filters. The filtered waste then flows through the Keylex resin containing cartridges. The flow rate is maintained at <250 ml/minute. Baseline Hg levels from the holding tank averaged 6.3 mg/liter (n=10, SD=1.2). The Hg levels of the Keylex treated samples were all at non-detectable levels when a method detection limit of 0.2 mg/liter was employed (28). Two earlier samples were found to have non-detectable levels of Hg using standard method 1631. Work continues on optimizing this system and determining the cartridge replacement intervals. The second material being tested is a microbial biosorbent derived from genetically engineered bacteria. These bacteria express a metal binding motif on their cell surface. This biosorbent is capable of removing at least 94% of Hg from dental wastewater in bench top jar testing (29). Other devices are being constructed and will soon be installed at test clinics for evaluation and modification. Some of these may be suitable for use at clinics with 30 or more chairs and others for clinics with four or fewer chairs. Best Management Practices
References 1. U.S. EPA. Mercury in the Midwest: Status and Future Directions. Conference fact sheets 1 and 4, 22-23 October 1996. Chicago, IL: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, 1997. 2. Bernier J, Brousseau P, Krzystniak K, Tryphonas H, and Fournie M. Immunotoxicity of heavy metals in relation to Great Lakes. Environ Health Perspect 103:23-34,1995. 3. Rice CD. Neurotoxicity of lead, methylmercury, and PCBs in relation to the Great Lakes. Environ Health Perspect 103:71-87, 1995. 4. Knobeloch LM, Ziarnik M, Anderson HA, and Dodson VN. Imported seabass as a source of mercury exposure: a Wisconsin case study. Environ Health Perspect 103:604-606, 1995. 5. U.S. EPA. Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative Criteria Documents for the Protection of Wildlife: DDT; Mercury; 3,3,7,8-TCDD; PCBs. EPA-820/B-95-008. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995. 6. The Knight-Ridder CRB Commodity Year Book. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1998. 8. Barruci M, Dana J, Moeller G. Interactive Qualifying Project Report: Problem Constituents Discharged from Dental Business in the City and County of San Francisco. Rpt no.052-069a-950. San Francisco, CA: City and County of San Francisco Department of Public Works, Bureau of Environmental Regulation and Management, 1992. 9. Arenholt-Bindslev D. Dental amalgam environmental aspects. Adv Dent Res 6:125-130, 1992. 10. Naleway C, Ovsey V, Mihailova C, Chou H, Fan PL, Whitlock R, Meyer D, Cailas M, Ralls S, and Cecil J. Characteristics of amalgam in dental wastewater. J Dent Res 73:105, 1994. 11. Cailas MD, Ovsey VG, Mihailova C, Naleway C, Batchu H, Fan PL, Chou HN, Stone ME, Meyer DM, Ralls SA. Physical-chemical properties of dental wastewater. In: Proceedings of WEFTEC'94, Water Environment Federation, 67th Annual Conference and Exposition, 15-19 October 1994, Chicago, IL. AlexaNaval Institute For Dental and Biomedical Researcha, VA. Water Environ Feder 76:317-327, 1994. 12. Stone ME, Deutsch W, Roddy W, Ralls S, Meyer D, Cailas M, Batchu H, Naleway C, Chou HN, Mihailova C. Mercury levels and particle size distribution in the dental unit wastewater stream at Naval Dental Center, Norfolk, Virginia, USA [abstract]. Presented at the Conference on Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (International Symposium on Separation Technologies for Dental and Other Health Care Facilities), 22-25 August 1995, Chicago, IL. 13. U.S. EPA. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Mercury-1984. EPA-440/5-84-026. Washington, DC:U.S. EPA, 1985. 14. Patterson JW. Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology. Boston:Butterworth-Heinemann, 1985. 15. U.S. EPA. Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples, Supplement I. EPA-600/R-94/111. Cincinnati, OH:U.S. EPA, 1994. 16. Pederson ED, Stone ME, Ralls SA, Roddy WC, and Choo PL. Mercury removal from dental operatory wastewater using polymers. J Dent Res 75:37, 1996. 17. Ralls SA, RoddyWC, and Pederson ED. Mercury removal method and device for dental operatory wastewater. J Dent Res 75:169, 1996. 18. Ovsey VG. Recycling potential of the dental wastewater stream. [Master's thesis]. University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 1995. 19. Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations, Protection of the Environment. Chap 1. 20. U.S. EPA Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples, Supplement I. EPA-600/R-94/111.Cincinnati, OH: U.S. EPA, 1994. 21. Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 136. 22. U.S. Patent 5,885,079. Method and System for removing mercury from dental wastewater. Ralls, SA, Roddy WC, and Pederson ED. Mar. 23, 1999, Naval Dental Research Institute. 23. Stone ME, Pederson ED, Auxer RA, and Davis SL. Line cleanser/disinfectant effects on the soluble mercury content of dental wastewater. J Dent Res 78: 207, 1999. 24. Pederson ED, Stone ME, and Ovsey VG. Mercury removal from dental operatory wastewater by polymer treatment. Environ Health Perspect 107:3-8, 1999. 25. Nalco Chemical Company. A-ULTRION: Water Clarification/Pollution Control Chemicals, Cationic Coagulants. Naperville, IL:Nalco Chemical Company, 1995. 26. Choo PL, Siefert KS, and Sparapany JW. Novel chemical solutions to heavy metal removal from wastewater. Presented at the Water Environment Federation Conference, 20-24 October 1992, New Orleans, LA. Reprint 585. Naperville, IL:Nalco Chemical Company, 1992. 27. Nalco Chemical Company. Product Bulletin UN-8702: Technologies for Soluble Metal Control. Naperville, IL:Nalco Chemical Company, 1995. 28. Stone ME, Pederson ED, Jones GK, Karaway RS, Auxer RA, and Davis SL. Evaluation of an integrated system to remove mercury from dental-unit wastewater. J Dent Res 79:(In press), 2000. 29. Pazirandeh M, Stone ME, and Pederson ED. Mercury removal from dental wastewater by a microbial biosorbent derived from genetically engineered bacteria. J Dent Res 79:(In press), 2000. |


text:
Tori Winter White
Please note that Duty and Taxes may be charged when the goods enter your countryIf you Want a Boot to Feel Snugly and Warm but Full of Fun this Winter then Look no Further than Tori.
This Boot is Lined in Faux Fur Which Covers all of the Foot Even The in-sock. The Upper is Made From Super Soft Leathers.
There are Laces for the Perfect Fit and a Zip to Make it Easy to Put on and Take Off.
We Think This Style Looks Great with Tights; it Really Shows off that Fur!
Available in Winter White, Forest and Aubergine.
Material: Features:


text:
Frollen Music Library brings you their first edition of Cold Soul, an exploration into the darker and more cinematic side of soul music. Inspired by the exciting sounds of modern soul, FML focusses on hip-hop influenced drum breaks, gritty soulful guitar chanks and sentimental piano lines to bring you these 15 new compositions.
Cold Soul spans a variety of moods, melodies and arrangements on an eclectic mix of instruments such as the Hammond Organ, 60s Harmony guitars, Vintage P-Bass, Vintage Kangaroo-Hide drums, Glockenspiel, Upright Piano and recorded through top of the line Neve-style preamps with vintage microphones.
BPM labelled, performed and recorded on real instruments and mixed down to ¼" tape, these compositions are ready to be sampled into your next production.
Please use these in your next production, however, these terms do apply.
Produced by Trio Di Amici
Performed by H. Whitlock, D. Thor & H. Jenkins
Engineered, mixed and mastered by H. Jenkins
All pieces composed by H. Whitlock, D. Thor & H. Jenkins for F.M.L.


text:
The World of Consumer Subscription Benchmarks
Examples around conversion, retention, renewal rates and engagement
One of the most common questions in the consumer subscription world is about metrics. However, standalone metrics are static without their counterpart benchmarks. Consumer subscription software (CSS) is an attractive sector given its high margins and recurring revenues from launch. For companies, growth is a balancing act between customer acquisition cost (CAC), retention, and unit economics. But what makes it so important to consumers?
Consumers are relying more and more on mobile apps as critical tools in their everyday lives. At the end of 2021, the Google App store had 70k apps added every month while the Apple App store had 32k apps added every month. Reliance on mobile apps will only increase with time as business models evolve from one-off purchases to ongoing subscriptions. In fact, the total spent on in-app purchases in 2021 has increased 19% YoY from $112B to $133B, with top 100 non-game subscription revenue increasing 41% YoY while the other section increased 16% YoY. In 2022, worldwide consumer spending reached $65B in H122. The Apple App Store grew 5.6% to $43.7B while the Google Play store dropped 7.4% to $21.3B.
Let's Talk Benchmarks
Free trials help customers make informed purchase decisions to experience products and services before committing to a recurring subscription. According to a State of Subscription Report by Recurly, ~66% of all businesses offer a free trial. Trial conversion rates explores the impact of customer acquisition and eventual conversion to a customer. At one point, Netflix boasted a best-in-class conversion rate of 93%, Amazon Prime Video at 73%, and Spotify at 46%. The median conversion rate across businesses comes out to ~32% with a breakdown by industry below.
Retention is one of the most important metrics for any business. Building a large subscriber base is difficult if your users continue to churn over time. Below is an exercise of over a dozen consumer subscription paid businesses, plotting monthly retention over a 24-month period. The blended retention median at Y1 was 40%, while Y2 was 29%. Churn in CSS is expected to be higher than traditional software-as-a-service (SaaS) companies. This brings attention towards lifetime value (LTV) vs CAC. In this analysis, the LTV/CAC median was 4x.
In a separate analysis conducted, it was found that the best consumer subscription businesses retain 65%+ of their revenue after one year. Retention above 50% is considered in the top quartile while many companies hover between 40-45%. Retention, of course, can vary based on pricing plans and the cadence of payment.
Lenny Rachitsky wrote a great blogpost titled "What is good retention". In an excerpt from the post, I summarized some of those key metrics below. The best businesses grow significantly from existing customers as you can see under the net revenue retention exhibit – this usually would take place for SaaS focused companies. Unfortunately for CSS, there is typically very little up-sell (think about the marginal rate hikes a subscription product like Netflix or Spotify would do).
Renewal rate is one of the most important revenue metrics for a business, and ties into retention. This will often dictate whether or not the consumer is aligned with the value provided by the service and dictate the LTV associated with a customer. In an exercise conducted by RevenueCat, the company analyzed 10,000+ subscriptions apps across iOS and Android to understand how renewal rates stack up during the first three renewals. Monthly subscriptions have a median first renewal rate of 56% which increases over time, all the way to 81% on the 3rd renewal resulting in a higher LTV.
Engagement tells the story of how active users are on a ratio basis. Typical measures are DAU/MAU and DAU/WAU, measuring daily active vs monthly active and weekly actives. The best subscription businesses get to ~50% for DAU/MAU and ~60% for DAU/WAU. Engagement >35% is considered in the top quartile. At the same time, it is important to categorize engagement by vertical given the disparity of use.
For reference, these are how the top social apps rank
No one business is the same, and it is important to leverage benchmarks that are best suited to the product and category a business is serving. While quantitative benchmarks provide one lens into a company, there is also the qualitative psychological question if the product is a must have, or nice to have. As consumer discretionary spending drops (as it has), the question becomes whether or not this product is still essential.
If you are building / investing in consumer subscription or the enablement of the industry, I would love to talk and trade notes!


text:
Our Sale is now on!
Receive your 30% discount by simply adding the code SALE30 when you check out!
Size 8
Some fading to the fabric. Sold as seen!
Handmade in Somerset, UK by local seamstresses, Pearl Lowe's dresses are all vintage inspired and made to flatter the feminine figure.