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Public sector office buildings now compete with corporates in looks
Why can't the joint secretary of the Government of India sit along with his staff in a big hall? That will bring in transparency.
When the CBI's headquarters was being planned in New Delhi, there was an unusual hiccup. A section of bureaucracy had opposed the idea of making it centrally airconditioned, thereby sending the architects of the National Buildings Construction Corporation, the agency that executed the project, into a tizzy.
How could a 12 storey, 57,320 sq metre glass building not central air-conditioning, they wondered. Eventually a middle path was worked out: Central air-conditioning would be provided but without adding to the total cost. The building was completed in 2011 at a cost of Rs 201 crore, well within the approved budget.
Despite a maze of sarkari rules that discourages modern, corporate-type buildings to accommodate government offices, a number of iconic government buildings have surfaced in the capital, and even outside.
In addition to the CBI headquarters, the ministry of external affairs' Jawaharlal Nehru Bhawan and environment ministry's Indira Paryavaran Bhawan in Delhi, the Income-Tax building in Noida, and India headquarters in Kolkata — all of which came up in the past five years — have changed the perception of sarkari offices being dull, drub structures.
"Environment and ambience have a direct correlation with individuals' productivity. The CBI headquarters is an iconic building. I wish all police stations across India get a facelift to bring in a better work culture," says former CBI director DR Karthikeyan who headed the investigating agency from a typical sarkari office located in Delhi's CGO complex in 1998.
Karthikeyan recalls how as a young Indian Police Service trainee in 1964, he shared a "leaky" room with a fellow IPS trainee at the Police Academy, then located in Mount Abu, Rajasthan. Throughout his career, Karthikeyan never had an opportunity to work in a swank office.
We all had to work in a depressing atmosphere. But today a police officer walks into the CBI building with lots of confidence," Karthikeyan adds. Along with government offices, residential spaces of babus are also getting a makeover. For example, New Moti Bagh Complex located in the heart of Delhi is comparable to many a world-class residential township.
Completed in 2012, it houses king-sized flats and bungalows for senior civil servants and armed forces officers. It has a terrace garden, a shopping complex, an
amphitheatre, banks, a waste water treatment plant and a solid waste management plant — all inside this 123-acre complex. And solar street lights cover half of the total colony.
Need for a Flexible Policy
Former urban development secretary M Ramachandran concedes that there are challenges associated with building modern government offices and residential complexes. "For building government offices, the CPWD [Central Public Works Department] is the first claimant. It may hand over the work to other agencies, but the cost can't go above the CPWD's schedule rate. And it's very slow in revising its rates," he says. Ramachandran adds that brownfield development of government offices is even trickier. "Many government buildings like North Block, South Block and Parliament House were not originally meant to have air-conditioning. The now come up haphazardly.
These buildings need to be revamped keeping in mind their heritage value," he says. But as swank corporate sector buildings have mushroomed in Delhi and its periphery, there has been pressure on the government to change the rulebook, if need be, to build iconic towers and create a functional and clean environment. As the new buildings tend to accommodate modular and green features, their maintenance cost is lower than that of the conventional buildings. But the question that arises is whether the government will adopt a more flexible policy to build high-cost, low-maintenance buildings and also change the internal layouts of the existing sarkari buildings to give them a modern look and feel.
Will government protocol allow a more private sector-type sitting arrangements for the babus? Will the senior bureaucracy allow a cabinless culture? Former industry secretary Ajay Dua says that the government must follow the private sector when it comes to buildings and its work culture. "Private sector buildings tend to be more modern and functional. Why can't government offices too adopt such a layout? Why can't the joint secretary of the Government of India sit along with his staff in a big hall? That will bring in transparency and make the decision-making process quicker," Dua says.


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Arma 3 Creator DLC: Global Mobilization - Cold War Germany
mondkalb replied to mondkalb's topic in ARMA 3 - CREATOR DLC
To make the launcher raise the missile and assume a ready-to-fire position, use the lookAt script command: gunner LaunchVehicle lookAt getPos targetHelper; LaunchVehicle being the variable name assigned to the the 2P16 vehicle, and targetHelper being the variable name assigned to a helper object like a helper-sphere or some other small object. Place that in the air high above the ground in front of the vehicle. 50m in front and 50m up for example. The LaunchVehicle will then raise the missile and aim at it. Don't forget to make that sphere object invisible to hide it. 🙂 To actually fire it you can use doArtilleryFire script command: LaunchVehicle doArtilleryFire [getPos realTarget, "gm_1Rnd_luna_he_3r9", 1] realTarget being the variable name assigned to a helper object that is located where the missile shall hit. Also, if you want to equip the bigger missile instead of the HE-FRAG one that is loaded by default, you can run this code: LaunchVehicle removeMagazinesTurret ["gm_1Rnd_luna_he_3r9",[0]]; LaunchVehicle removeWeaponTurret ["gm_luna_launcher",[0]]; LaunchVehicle addMagazineTurret ["gm_1Rnd_luna_nuc_3r10",[0]]; LaunchVehicle addWeaponTurret ["gm_luna_launcher",[0]]; -
Arma 3 Creator DLC: Global Mobilization - Cold War Germany
mondkalb replied to mondkalb's topic in ARMA 3 - CREATOR DLC
They still do have loader seats. The KPz 1's Loader seat can only be accessed from the outside. The T-55 I just checked and it is indeed something unusual that the T-55's loader now can also only be accessed from the outside. We streamlined the setup a bit and this probably happened by accident for the T-55. For the KPz1 it is correct that it can only be entered from the outside and not switched to from an inner seat. Thanks! -
Some news! Check out the new OPREP about the upcoming release of the 1.4 Update for GM and what new content this update will bring. Right now we are still in the RC phase but a release of this update is quite close. Another big item today is the AMA (Ask Me/Us Anything). In July we asked our community to submit questions for us about anything GM related. We have selected about 30 of them that give a good look behind the scenes of GM and the work we do (and have done), including some scrapped projects and content for GM. You can find the one-hour long video here: Cheers!
Glad to hear its fixed.
There appears to be a rather ugly crash with Zeus in latest Devbranch's arma3diag_x64.exe related to simply spawning in vehicles. Try the following in A3 without any mods or CDLC: Start Arma 3 via the arma3diag_x64.exe Load Stratis in the Editor Place a player unit Place a Game Master module (Zeus) Edit the attributes of this module to list "#adminLogged" in the "Owner" field Preview Enter the Zeus interface Place a IFV-6a Cheetah Place an AMV-7 Marshall ❌(The Game crashes at this point in most cases) Place a CRV-6e Bobcat ❌(The Game crashes at this point in most other cases) We've found that this is not related to the type of asset. It can happen with any unit and vehicle and the crash becomes more likely the more different units are created via the Zeus interface. The .rpt only has this to say before it crashes: Forced crash (Set): array access out of range: 1 index: 1 We've been able to repro this on two different systems so far. It only happens with the arma3diag_x64.exe.
Arma 3 Creator DLC: Global Mobilization - Cold War Germany
mondkalb replied to mondkalb's topic in ARMA 3 - CREATOR DLC
Hello! For the Mi-2R Turn on: [this, false, 'gm_spray_water_dummy',[0,-2.4,-0.95],false] call gm_countermeasures_fnc_engine_smoke_toggle Turn off: [this, true] call gm_countermeasures_fnc_engine_smoke_toggle For the Mi-2CH it is doable via: Turn On: [this] call gm_countermeasures_fnc_engine_smoke_toggle Turn Off: [this, true] call gm_countermeasures_fnc_engine_smoke_toggle I hope this helps! 🙂 -
Arma 3 Creator DLC: Global Mobilization - Cold War Germany
mondkalb replied to mondkalb's topic in ARMA 3 - CREATOR DLC
Hello! The smoke generator on the Mi-2Ch can be activated via script this way: Turn On: [this] call gm_countermeasures_fnc_engine_smoke_toggle Turn Off: [this, true] call gm_countermeasures_fnc_engine_smoke_toggle For the Mi-2R's sprayer it works similarly: Activate: [this, false, 'gm_spray_water_dummy',[0,-2.4,-0.95],false] call gm_countermeasures_fnc_engine_smoke_toggle Deactivate: [this, true] call gm_countermeasures_fnc_engine_smoke_toggle -
Arma 3 Creator DLC: Global Mobilization - Cold War Germany
mondkalb replied to mondkalb's topic in ARMA 3 - CREATOR DLC
Heya, yes this is known. We assumed it was an engine limitation that a given turret can only have a single optics memory point that all vision modes share. However there is a hidden engine technology that allows to specify optics memory-points per vision mode. We were made aware of this only yesterday. So it's known and fixable, yes. -
Arma 3 Creator DLC: Global Mobilization - Cold War Germany
mondkalb replied to mondkalb's topic in ARMA 3 - CREATOR DLC
Thanks! For context: The 1.3 update is now released. Find the OPREP here. -
Arma 3 Creator DLC: Global Mobilization - Cold War Germany
mondkalb replied to mondkalb's topic in ARMA 3 - CREATOR DLC
I cannot confirm this finding. The following test environment: 4x M2A1 Slammer vs 1x T-55 (Player) at ~1000m. All shots done using the AP ammo, not HEAT. What happens is that the AI M2A1 generally miss their first shot and overshoot (Might be my AI settings), but the second shot directly takes me out. Meanwhile I as the Gunner in the T-55 know the distance and can exactly range and land a first hit. I can hit the M2A1's main gun and damage it so that the enemy cannot aim anymore. This is absolutely possible for a 100mm shell at 1.0km distance. So from here on I'll disregard the claim about "any number of M2A1 vs T-55" and that the T-55 will emerge victorious. I cannot find any proof for this in my testing. 1v1 T-55 In a 1v1 where I purposefully not shoot to disable the gun but instead try to hit the turret of the M2A1 I am able to inflict 14% of damage to the enemy tank after 4 rounds to the turret. When I do nothing and just sit for the Slammer to shoot me, it had finally hit me with the second shot and destroyed my tank's engine via a frontal penetration shot that went all the way through the tank. This happens around 60% of the cases (I tried 10 times). In the other cases the 120mm does damage but ricochets off the front glacis. You can see here the first shot completely went over, and the second went through the hull and destroyed the engine, inflicting a mobility kill of the vehicle. The Diag message there (part of diag_toggle "shot" in the devbranch) tells us that the slammer's projectile travelled a 721cm distance from first entry until full stop within the engine block. 1v1 T-55AM2(B) Pairing it up against the T-55AM2 the scenario changes the outcome slightly for me, in that the AI M2A1 needs to hit my tank's turret three times to cause a catastrophic kill. (As a player I can one-shot the T-55AM2 with a center hit to the turret) For me to kill the M2A1 it took 7 damage-dealing hits to the turret/front. I am not able to cause the M2A1 to explode with two frontal hits by using the Bastion ATGM. When I play as the M2A1 and shoot the T-55AM2, I am able to cause a catastrophic kill with two hits to the turret, and force the crew out with one hit through the lower tank hull. 1v1 Leopard 1A3 vs RHS T-72B ('85) Indeed I am not able to deal damage to the front of the T-72. This is as expected. The same happens when engaging a T-90 ('92) and T-80B. 1v1 Leopard 1A5 vs RHS T-72B ('85) I am able to deal damage to the T-72 in such a way that the crew disembarks after one shot. This is expected (the Leo1's DM63 is quite powerful and can penetrate the T-72s center turret and hull sections) The same happens when engaging a T-80B. The T-90 ('92) does not appear to take any damage and the crew cannot be forced out. The Main Gun can be destroyed though. PT-76B vs M2A1 The HEAT ammo deals most often no damage (Expected) except for the occasional turret-top hit. This can happen due to the strong arching trajectory of the 76mm at 1000m. The HVAP ammo deals more reliably damage, but in very small amounts of 4-5% per hit. ------------------- According to my tests just now (And also some early day feedback from RHS members) it can be said that GM and RHS tanks/weapons interact with each other as expected. This means that there is an appropriate reaction to the armor protection values and ammo penetration power of vehicles and weapons on both sides. Have you checked that you are not unknowingly running any mods that modify ammo and armor values? Perhaps some addon that you are not aware of is located in the Arma3\Addons folder so it always is loaded. Perhaps ACE mod? We repeatedly hear that the ACE mod seems to change how GM ammo deals damage, but that is (I hope understandably) beyond our control. -
Multimaterials show in Buldozer, but not in Game
mondkalb replied to poolpunk's topic in ARMA 3 - MODELLING - (O2)
Poolpunk asked me to take a quick look at the issue and he kindly provided the data to look into. The issue is a fairly tricky bug that's (afaik) undocumented. Multimaterial will only work when the reference UV (texgen4) is strictly within 0,0-1,1 bounds. In the sample here it was not working because the individual UV groups were offset from that center frame. Moving them back to it fixes the issue. There is no easy straightforward way to see which of these tiles is 0,0-1,1. One has to either check tex coordinates directly, or simply create a plane, select it, then have it highlighted in the UV editor in O2. The plane is created with the exact same 0,0-1,1 coordinates. If you're using DCCT like Blender or 3DSMax then it should be a lot easier to see the UV's origin and staying within bounds. -
New rented server with creator DLC
mondkalb replied to ChickenCreator's topic in ARMA 3 - CREATOR DLC
Hello, Install GM dedicated server via steamCMD (if you have access): +app_update 233780 -beta creatordlc " validate +quit Alternative way to install (adjust the steamcmd path): C:\steamcmd\steamcmd.exe +login YourSteamUser YourSteamPW +force_install_dir YourInstallationDirectory +app_update 233780 -beta creatordlc validate +quit Another option, if there is only the option to download from the steam workshop and no other means of accessing steamcmd, is to download the Compatibility Data to the server directly: https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=1776428269 It contains all necessary files to run a GM server. In all cases, launch it then via: Launch it via -mod=gm; -
Heya, the Fat Cats MP mission has you deploy in the Kpz 1A1A2, which does not feature the 1A5's modern ammo and fire control systems. It simply does not have the Laser Range Finder. Thats why you cannot lase for distance in this MP Mission.
Heya, the 1A5's Laser Range Finder is only available to the Gunner and when then the main gun is selected. It does not work when the coaxial machinegun is selected. T is the default keybind and should work in this case if it has not be reassigned in the game's Keyboard settings. I hope this clears it up for you. 🙂
GM air vehicles texture templetes
mondkalb replied to Omsi_Player_123's topic in ARMA 3 - CREATOR DLC
Hello, the samples have been updated just now to contain these files. Changelog: 8th October 2020: Added 1.2 Vehicle and Character Templates (VBH/PAH-1, Do-28D2, CH-53G, Mi-2, L-410; BDU, Pilot suits, Pilot Vest, Combat Vest, new helmets, hats and berets) Thanks!

subset: commoncrawl


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This motivated homeowner built a 16'x80′ deck frame on the front side of his mobile home for the base of an addition. We came in and built the outer wall and integrated it with his home. We used 2×6 walls, 2×8 rafters with a knee wall, and 5/8″ OSB because we like to make sure our construction is solid. All screwed together using guard dog screws.
The low slope section is fully adhered white 60 mil TPO membrane roofing over 1.5″ PolyISO insulation. They decided to install the same insulation under the new metal roof on the back side, which added R-9 insulation value to the whole home. This will provide them with a long lasting solution, and they claimed to instantly notice the extra insulation's value! Inquire about energy-star rated roofing for your project. 618.687.4824


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YES! She'd finally gotten the remote pointed at the TV! She could turn it off, escape the endless loop of subliminal messages that had been inundating her mind for hours!
But then… her finger just wouldn't hit the button… no matter how hard she tried it just refused to move.
It was pointless to turn it off now, it had already done it's work… something in the back of her head screamed at her that it wasn't too late, that all she had to do was press the button, but the onslaught from the TV told her otherwise and drowned it out.
No, she wanted to watch the TV, she liked to watch the TV. Watching the TV made her feel good, and horny. Soooo horny.
But that wasn't a surprise really, after all, she was a horny little slut, so pretty much everything made her horny.
Her hand gently lowered down until the remote was on the couch once more and a smile crossed her lips… if she let go of the remote she could lean back and masturbate a while… no one was going to come in and disturb her after all.
And so what if they did? She loved masturbating in front of guys… and girls.. really she just loved masturbating in general. And who knew, maybe if someone did come in, they'd want to fuck her.
Because as much as she loved masturbating, she loved fucking even more. Guys with big hard dicks, girls with soft warm pussies…
She let out a moan as she leaned back and pushed her pants down, letting her fingers slide between her legs, but her eyes never leaving the TV. Soon she was in the throws of passion and was eager to see what the TV would show her next.


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Is it fine to consider Abamune as the best HIV care product?
Abamune belongs to the class of antiretroviral medicines. Doctors prescribe Abamune for HIV care in the case of patients who are having AIDS. Before the doctor prescribes the medicine the patient must tell the doctor if he has any allergies or skin problems or any liver issues. Also if one is taking any other medicine or supplement the same has to be informed to the doctor.
Abamune is the best med for HIV infection but you need to understand one thing. This medicine is not a cure for AIDS or HIV. It will only help to control the HIV infection in the body. Due to which the immune system of the body will be better. It will also decrease the risk of getting complications related to HIV.
Abamune side effects:
In the case of some patients' side effects will be observed due to Abamune. There can be side effects like nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue etc. If any side effects are observed then the same has to be informed to the doctor on priority.
How to order Abamune for HIV care?
Once your doctor gives the prescription for Abamune then you can easily order the same from an online pharmacy. You have to upload the prescription of Abamune and then place the order.
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You can Abamune COD Online:
Due to the fear of online frauds if you do not want to make advance payment and if you do not want to give your credit card information on the portal then you can choose the COD option.
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You can order Abamune from our online pharmacy:
If you want to order Abamune for HIV care from one of the most reputed online pharmacies then you must place the order with our online pharmacy. We have enough stock of Abamune and we will make sure that the medicine is delivered to you in time.
We have a credit card payment option and we also have cash on delivery option. Place the order with us today and we will make sure that the medicine is delivered to you within the turnaround time.


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in Uncategorized
Quick Tip – How to Rearrange Items in Soda PDF's Side Panels
Did you know you can rearrange the items in Soda PDF's side panels by moving them around? You can even drag items from side to side, which allows you to customize the layout to better suit your needs.
Not exactly sure what we're referring to? Check out the image below to get a better idea.
If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to ask. Write to us in the comments section below and we'll get back to you as soon as we can.
The Soda PDF Team


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You Can Fly Planes With a Real Yoke in MSFS. Here Are the Best Ones
One of the great things about Microsoft Flight Simulator is that it allows you to use USB peripherals like joysticks to make the experience more authentic and enjoyable. Luckily for us, flight simulation is more popular than ever, and as a result, we have a wealth of high quality flight simulation products available to us. With so many products available, it can be difficult to know which ones are worth your time, so we collected a list of the best yokes and joysticks available right now for use with MSFS, or any flight simulator.
Before we get started, the most important thing to consider when purchasing these kinds of peripherals is what kind of flying you will be using them for. For example, are you looking to fly military jets? A flight stick would be a great option since they have been designed based on the controls of military aircraft. Just looking to fly a small cessna around your hometown? Then a traditional yoke and switch setup would add a lot of realism to your daily flights. With that in mind, let's take a look at the best of the best.
Our Top Pick:
Honeycomb Alpha Flight Yoke and Switch Panel – $249.99
The Alpha Flight Yoke is one of the most advanced pieces of hardware ever released for flight simulation. According to Honeycomb, it was developed by pilots alongside aerospace engineers "to ensure the most realistic flight experience." Honeycomb's Alpha Flight Yoke will no doubt take your experience to the next level, and is available for purchase here.
Other Yokes:
CH Products Eclipse Flight Sim Yoke – $219.95
The CH Eclipse Flight Sim Yoke is a classic piece of flight simulation hardware, and a go to yoke for many flight simmers who swear by this product. The Eclipse is an incredibly dependable and functional peripheral, and another great option for your setup, and you can get it here.
Logitech Saitek Pro Flight Yoke and Throttle Quadrant System – $199.95
While the overall quality may be lacking compared to some of the more advanced peripherals that have come out recently, the pro flight yoke is still worth looking at, as it is one of the most popular flight simulation products of all time. Get it from My Pilot Store here.
Best Flight Stick:
Thrustmaster HOTAS Warthog Flight Stick – $299.99
If a flight stick is more up your alley, then it does not get any better then the Thrustmaster HOTAS Warthog Flight Stick. This flight stick is a replica of the U.S. Air Force A-10c stick, and features state of the art HOTAS technology that makes it the most advanced flight stick available. Pick it up here.
Runner Up:
Logitech Saitek Pro X-56 Hotas RGB Flight Controller
The Saitek Pro X-56 is another great option if you are looking for a flight stick. This one comes with a throttle quadrant, and features "Military-grade Space Sim Precision." It is also available here.
Budget Option:
Thrustmaster T Flight Hotas One Joystick – $89.99
Thanks to Thrustmaster, you don't have to spend hundreds of dollars on your MSFS peripherals. The T Flight Hotas One has everything you need to start flying now for a great price, and you can get it here. Happy flying!
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Super Rare and Vintage 1960's Original Heuer Box for Sale from my Private collection. Note: all the pictures came out a bit brighter. Super Rare Men's 60's HEUER Box for your Autavia, Camaro, or Carrera Men's Wristwatch. Please note and check well, and see all photos, for this is the description, there is age wear. The RARE 1960's Red Heuer Box measures: 5 1/16" inches Long (Wide), 3 7/8" Inches Deep, 2 1/4 Inches High or 57.
Mm high, inside of box measures 4 3/4" inches long (wide) x 3 3/8" inches and the insert measures 3 3/8" x 4 3/4" for a snug fit. No Post office box's P.The display watch is 44 mm wide includes crown, watch is not with listing, only for display not for sale. The watch box opens and closes properly. PLEASE NOTE: This insert is not original. Maybe time period piece cuff.
The cuff can be adjusted to fit your watch is made of vintage old steel, wrapped in redish velvet. The cuff and insert, is a good filler. What you see, is what will arrive at your door stop. The item "1960s Vintage Red HEUER Mens Watch Box Autavia Camaro Carrera Rare Original 60s" is in sale since Sunday, March 3, 2019. This item is in the category "Jewelry & Watches\Watches, Parts & Accessories\Wristwatches".The seller is "infinitivlydejavu" and is located in New Britain, Connecticut. This item can be shipped worldwide.


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Jun-19-2007 14:30 This thread is for ideas, suggestions, proposals, etc. NO idea is too silly to mention :) although some might be too impractical to implement. As possibilities become probabilities, I will create another thread for the Con itself and concrete facts/decisions/information.
Jul-13-2007 17:55 WOW guys and girls I am very impressed with the volunteers. Of the numerous committees I have been involved with this the best response for volunteers that I have seen. Usually people complain but are not willing to do anything! So thank you for answering my cost question. It seems that travel costs are the main thing and unfortunately people vote for the area closer to them as then their costs are lower. I wont get into our costs to attend the 1st SleuthCon but will say woody and I will go again. We had a great time and loved meeting other players who have now become friends. A great deal of time went into planning this event and they did a great job! I think the main thing then to think about is how many would you like to attend and if you would like a lot of people you need to be a more central location which would be for us in Ontario an 8 to 10 hour drive. Of course this would not please everyone but you are never going to achieve this. I do like the idea of a vote for the area and that would mean I would vote for the Mid-West :) Holding two separate Sleuth Cons simultaneously is another idea but how would we choose which to go to?
Jul-13-2007 21:15 I have been to quite a few get togethers for an internet game for a game called The Stone. I have traveled as close to my hometown, Cleveland Oh, Hershey PA, New York City, Winnipeg Manitoba, and London (Actually Cambridge, but I stayed with players in London. It would be great to make this get together an annual event, but there is no reason that any player can't organize a small get together in their home city. I put together a small one here in Cleveland and all we did was meet for dinner and drinks, granted we were all from the area, but we had cell phone conversations with other players elsewhere. There were 8 people there IIRC. Regardless of location, there will be some people that just can't make it. The turnout for SleuthCon I was a bit disappointing, but it should'nt be discouraging. I should mention that the get togethers for The Stone were not sanctioned by the game itself, it was the community of players taking the game a step further. Here is a link to some pics at some of the gatherings: http://www.killerhawk.co.uk/pebble/album/index2.htm
Jul-13-2007 21:18 Sorry, Once you are at that link, click on gatherings, if you go to the homestone 2001 gathering and looks at Gary's "artsy fartsy" pics you will see my avatar. I didn't even know he was taking that pic! :-)
Jul-14-2007 07:40 Who is on your team Jas? Also, who is going to put up the thousands of dollars for deposit money out of their own pocket? I know alot of people couldnt attend due to money restraints, so they might want to consider that before jumping into a committee and being responsible for everyone who is attending.
Jul-14-2007 08:10 Just an idea, and totally my own opinion....... I think that Sleuth Con II should be organized by a Sleuth committee. This committe could maybe made up of the people who attended Sleuth Con I, with the major votes/discussion going to the community, like where and when. These people took time out to plan, organize and attend the event and as the first group, this would be quite a fitting reward for their time and hard work. It would also be great if Ben and Sunny stepped in to make this official, so we all new where we stood on this. Too many chiefs and not enough indians, as it were.
Jul-14-2007 12:13 I think that's a wonderful idea, Miss Guided. The people that attended and planned the first SleuthCon have shown that they are willing and more than able to put together an event of this sort. And I must say that I have not enjoyed reading the comments directed at them by other members of the community. These people spent their own time, effort and money to try to create something fun for us all and this is what they get in return? SleuthCon was not something that was created by Ben and part of the Sleuth structure. This was their hard work, their time, their creativity. I also like Miss Guided's thought of a vote for where and when rather than leaving it to PMs and postings, etc. That may be a better way for people to let their preferences be known and let other members see the results of everyone's input. The problem with the where and when's of it all is just that we are so spread out. We're global! It doesn't matter who would organize the next one. Whichever time and place is chosen would work for some and not for others. It is simply impossible for anyone to make everyone or even the majority completely happy. You just have to do the best you can and hope that the community understands.
Jul-14-2007 12:46 ::grins:: likes Leddie's idea and wants to do the Orient Express
Jul-14-2007 14:25 Miss Guided's idea is brilliant. Those who attended the first one will know about the experience and will have an insight as to what they enjoyed and what needed improvement (if anything). Does anyone have some insider prices on the Orient Express? That sounds awesome!
Jul-14-2007 14:27 Alright... I've very nearly had it with the lot of you. Having logged in as Ran to do some work, I find that most of you few who have a problem with him are still as vicious as ever. Right down to actually threatening him. ::grins:: THAT was a dumb move. First: DO I HAVE 'STUPID' AND 'INCOMPETENT' WRITTEN ACROSS MY FACE???? I HAD THE IDEA TO DO SLEUTHCON, I PLANNED EVERY EFFING DETAIL, EXCEPT THE TREASURE HUNT (thank you soooo much, Whatsyourname), I ASKED PEOPLE FOR SUGGESTIONS, I MADE DECISIONS, AND I TOLD RAN WHAT BILLS TO PAY AND HE PAID THEM. And second: You can all get your collective heads out of your asses and get over your petty dislike of one person who will not back down from you. MY reason for organizing SleuthCon I was purely selfish. I didn't do it for the community, I did it for me. My reasons are my own and I will not share those with the public. And now I will organize SleuthCon II for the community. And YOU, RAN... You can back off a little. This IS my baby. YES, you will have a bigger part in the organization of it, as will others. You are NOT running this show. And those of you sitting there with smirks on your faces "knowing" that I'm just saying all of this to cover for Ran can take a flying leap at the moon. And, believe me, 'Leap' is not the word I really want to use there. Consider this quote, "Any community which rejects even ONE of it's members is NO community at all." Finally: PLEASE feel free to post suggestions here. As I said when I was organizing SC I, I will consider ALL suggestions, but some may not be practical and we can't do it all. As soon as we have a plan for where, I can and will ask for volunteers from that area to help out.
Jul-14-2007 15:12 Now we're all clear :)


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Woman hospitalized after being hit by MTA bus in Woodlawn Section
The FDNY says a woman is in the hospital today after being hit by an MTA bus in the Woodlawn section of the Bronx.
They say they were notified of the collision just before 8 a.m.
According to the MTA, the woman came in contact with the back of an BxM11bus as it was making a left turn onto Webster Avenue.
Following the incident, they say she was conscious when first responders arrived. She was transported to SBH Health System.
News 12 is told an investigation into the incident remains ongoing.


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That human beings have managed to learn to handle fire at all I regard as an outcome of their living together in societies. Everywhere the use of fire and caring for it require certain social arrangements and individual adjustments. Fire exerts inexorable constraints to which people respond by developing commands and prohibitions and forms of self-restraints. The control of fire is always part of a system of social control and self-control; in this respect its development may be regarded as a 'civilizing process' in Norbert Elias's (1978, 1982) sense of that concept.
The physical effects of fire have not changed during human history. Its direct contact with the skin causes burning almost immediately, at all times. What has changed, however, are the kinds of fire with which people are confronted and the ways in which they react to it. As the human capacity to control fire has increased, people have generally come to depend more and more upon social arrangements regarding fire, such as the supply of fuel and safeguards against fire-risks.--Jaap Goudsblom "The Domestication of Fire as a Civilizing Process. "Theory, Culture & Society. 1987;4(2-3): 458-459
Before the war in Ukraine started, I read Goudsblom's fascinating Fire and Civilization in Dutch (as Vuur en Beschaving (1992)). The war distracted me from the substantive posts I wanted to do about his book,* and also the sliding doors of life that meant I never met Goudsblom (1932-2020) despite ample opportunity and being fairly close to people who were very close to him. But an idea that occurred to me while reading the book stayed with me, and I want to try it out briefly here and perhaps it will inspire others to explore it more fully. I quote from the 1987 paper to give a sense of his views because I left my copy at the office. And so rather than offering copious quotes and references, I'll write from memory and a general sense of what I take to be Goudsblom's views. (If you want you can treat all of this as Goudsblom*.)
As noted in the quoted passage, Goudsblom is building on Norbert Elias (although a case can be made he goes beyond Elias). To avoid confusion, by 'civilizing' Goudsblom does not want to activate the Enlightenment contrast between barbarism/civilization.
The core of Goudsblom position can be discerned in the quoted passage: he views the control of fire as presupposing a system of social control that also generates further self-control, even self-domestication (the "civilizing process") among the members of the community that controls fire. This will be important for my purposes. A related point Goudsblom makes is that in general the control of fire by a community also generates dependence on fire as the division of labor expands. Along the way, the centrality of fire in our lives is masked -- it is almost literally put under the car hood -- such that we end up treating it as something worth controlling by specialists with esoteric knowledge.
The previous paragraph does not do justice to the many provocative claims and sensitive readings of works of history and literature that Goudsblom offers. But here I focus on the significance of a point Goudsblom uses to frame his discussion: all known people are familiar with fire and are capable of controlling it. To use language he eschews, the control of fire is a universal social kind. (Some think the domestication of fire goes back a very long way in hominoid pre-history.) And it shares this with language, the upright thumb, tool use, and religion. I don't mean this list to be the end of the matter. Regular readers know, that I have been intrigued (recall) by Graeber's claim in Debt: the first 5000 years, that anthropologist have discovered some other invariances about human nature.**
Anyway, Goudsblom is quite clear that fire involves self-domestication in at least two related ways: (i) individuals of a community have to learn to control their behavior around fire in non-trivial ways and (ii) the community has to develop mechanisms of social control that reinforce and police individual self-command around fire. And clearly there is for Goudsblom a kind of mutual bootstrapping between (i) and (ii) and various coordination mechanisms that maintain a kind of balance between (i) and (ii) in light of other social and environment constraints and scaffolding.
Now, in his analysis Goudsblom notes that fire plays a non-trivial role in many religions. Lots of temples and altars involve the control of fire and the duty to maintain a fire without interruption. In addition, Goudsblom notes that many religions have imagery related to fire. And as he notes (also in the paper I quoted above), "stories relating how 'man' came to obtain fire have a prominent place in the mythologies of many peoples (see Frazer, 1930). These stories show how long people all over the world have continued to consider fire as something very special to which a divine origin is ascribed." (Goudsblom 1987: 458) I take the significance of fire in religion as a useful hint of what I am about to propose which is in the spirit of Goudsblom's analysis.
Cognitive science of religion (CSR) "brings theories from the cognitive sciences to bear on why religious thought and action is so common in humans and why religious phenomena take on the features that they do." On my view of CSR, it is methodologically resolutely pluralist (it's not only about putting people into a FMRI scanner)." And a key question in CSR is the origin of religion. Recall this post on Hobbes.
What if the origin of religion its rituals, its prohibitions, its original belief systems is, in part, to be found as one of the mechanism of the civilization process surrounding fire, that is, its function as facilitating self-domestication and the coordination mechanism that help society monitor and promote such self-domestication. I don't mean to suggest religion is reducible to a list of dos and donts -- which is at least non-trivial part of the control and manipulation of fire and simultaneous self-domestication --, but it does provide such lists with significance (and incentives to comply and advance them) and a place in communal life.
In order to avoid confusion, I don't mean to suggest that the known religions with fire imagery played a role in the early domestication of fire and self-domestication of humans. As Goudsblom notes the recorded material we have is actually characterized by an absence of detailed descriptions of how to treat fire. Rather, I take these religions as a kind of symbolic after life, a means to convey a cultural memory (can you tell I just Wengrow & Graeber?) and a way to teach about the significance of earlier events (not technical fire handling manuals or rituals to be followed in order to safely engage with fire).
But if early religion was indeed a mechanism for facilitating the domestication of fire in virtue of aiding individual self-control and for reducing the costs of social control of such self-control, then it could have provided either a biological or cultural selection advantage (or both). And this can help explain why religion is so widespread, after all. (If you don't like the Darwinism here, I think you can drop it w/o loss.)
I have more to say about the exact details about what early religion might have looked like to play a role in (i)&(ii). But I'd like to do that when I have my copy of Goudsblom nearby, so I can take advantage of some of the hints he provides in this endeavor and show that this hypothesis can also enrich his argument. To be continued.
*In particular, I was struck that he embraces not just unintended consequence explanations, but also relies on a soft-cultural-group-selection arguments at various points (w/o embracing explicitly Darwinian theory.) Some of the most vivid passages in Fire and Civilization are about the role fire might have played in human control over animals and the competition between homo sapiens and other hominoids.
- When humans transfer objects back and forth between/among each other or argue about what other people owe them the same fundamental moral principles will be invoked everywhere and always (see the passage above).
- Humans have a sense of justice that grounds sociality.
- Mutual sociality grounds all peaceful social relations (p. 101)


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In the history of the world, this incident was considered one of the worst industrial disaster. On that tragic night, thousands of people lost their lives, and many are still suffering now. Methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas leakage from the Union Carbide India Ltd (UCIL) facility was to blame for the event. This article will discuss about the details about the December 1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy are covered in this article. It includes everything, from the incident to how it affected people and the environment. Let's get started!
On December 3-4, 1984, at around midnight, MIC gas was released from the factory and mixed with the fresh air in Bhopal. Within a few minutes of breathing in the deadly gas, people began to feel uncomfortable, started vomiting, had breathing difficulties, and began to die. Animals also endured suffering and even died, in addition to humans.
Many people were taken urgently to the hospital, although no medical professional knew the precise cause of death. Nobody was aware of the MIC breach. They didn't realise that MIC gas was leaking; they only suspected that something was leaking. So many lives were lost because doctors could not treat patients effectively without the accident's precise cause.
According to reports, more than 6 lac individuals suffered severe injuries, and about 3000 people died. The survivors endured severe consequences in addition to chronic respiratory issues. Even babies who were born during that period had some health problems.
Points to be noted
- The pesticide carbaryl, known by its chemical name 1-naphthyl methylcarbamate, was produced by UCIL under the trade name Sevin.
- The American corporation Union Carbide Corporation (UCC), the parent company of UCIL and holding a majority share, discovered the existence of carbaryl. Indian banks and the general public both possessed minorities of the shares.
- Using methyl isocyanate (MIC) as an intermediary, UCIL produced carbaryl. Although there are other ways to make the final product, they are more expensive.
- MIC is a highly poisonous substance that harms human health.
1. UCIL has been blamed for the lack of proper safety norms and maintenance.
2. Out of the three tanks where MIC was stored, the leak occurred due to an overload of gas. While the limit of the tank was 30, it held 42 tons of MIC.
3. An exothermic reaction was believed to be caused because water entered the tank, and when the pressure increased, the gas started venting out.
4. After this, people began experiencing the toxin's effects within a few hours.
5. A refrigeration system, a flare tower, and a vent gas scrubber were three safety mechanisms at the factory that, if they had been operating correctly, may have prevented the catastrophe. The gas scrubber, switched off then, was too tiny to handle a disaster of this magnitude. The refrigeration system was intended to cool the MIC tank; the flare tower was designed to burn the leaking MIC.
6. About 40 metric tonnes of MIC were discarded into the environment within two hours.
7. Around 1:00 AM, the Bhopal police were notified of the leak. Most people who came into contact with the gas or went outside to investigate the noise were the first to learn about the leak. The impact of the disaster would have been lessened if they had received a prompt warning to seek shelter.
1. Starting effects:
a) Breathlessness
b) Stomach pain
c) Vomiting
d) Coughing
e) Eye irritation
f) Burning sensation in the respiratory part of the body
2. Thousands of individuals had died by the morning of December 3rd from choking, pulmonary oedema, and reflexogenic circulatory collapse. Autopsies revealed that in addition to the lungs, the brains, kidneys, and liver of the deceased were also impacted.
3. Neonatal mortality increased by 200%, while the stillbirth rate increased by 300%.
4. In Bhopal, there were both mass funerals and cremations.
5. A significant number of animal carcasses were observed nearby, indicating that flora and fauna had also been adversely affected. Within a few days, the trees turned bare. Food supply became scarce as a result of contamination concerns. Fishing was not allowed either.
6. At least 200,000 kids were exposed to the gas and were especially sensitive due to their small height.
7. The medical staff was undertrained to deal with MIC exposure, and hospitals and clinics were overrun with patients.
8. The Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster Act, passed by the Indian government in March 1985, provided the government with the authority to represent all disaster victims, whether they were residents of India or not.
9. In the US federal court, lawsuits against UCC have been filed. In one case, the judge recommended that UCC give the victims between $5 million and $10 million. UCC consented to pay $5,000,000. However, the Indian government rejected this offer and asserted a claim for $3.3 billion.
10. 1989 saw the completion of an out-of-court settlement in which UCC agreed to pay $470 million in damages and did so immediately.
Absolute liability is one of the essential questions that the Bhopal Gas tragedy stirs up. The case of M.C. Mehta v. Union of India involved a detailed discussion of this subject. According to the principle of absolute liability, if an enterprise engages in hazardous or inherently dangerous industry and any harm results as a result of such activity, the enterprise is liable to compensate for such harm; it should not be an acceptable defence for the enterprise to claim that it took all reasonable precautions and that the damage occurred without any negligence on its part. The safe design in these sectors does not limit protection to the most common routine of incidents. Instead, one should try to foresee the worst that could occur, even if it is infrequent, and take precautions to prevent it, confine it, and ensure that there is no way for that to ever be possible.
This is the rule of absolute liability, and it is possible to establish liability even in the absence of any fault on the accused's side. Even the defences available under strict liability would not apply in situations of absolute liability. Therefore, even if the event were unlikely, responsibility would still be determined. Arguments that carrying out such hazardous conduct was not the accident's direct or indirect cause, by an Act of God, or by some outside force. Responsibility would still fall on the Company even if it had taken extraordinary measures to prevent such occurrences. The Bhopal Gas Disaster and the Oleum Gas Leak case served as a wake-up call, leading to the development of the absolute liability principle in India.
Recently, on 20th September 2022, a plea was made to the supreme court to enhance the compensation. It was argued that the compensation was based on "assumptions of truth" which were "unrelated to realities". The government is unsure about this decision, so that they will hear the matter again.
The incident is still regarded as the worst industrial catastrophe ever. The government should carefully scrutinise and control these companies to stop future occurrences of such incidents. They should be constantly watched, and such industries should have their operations examined at least once every six months. Any type of maintenance on any machinery or equipment should be done right away. It is the responsibility of the government to ensure that everything runs smoothly.
A legal content writer who pursued BBA-LL.B.(H) from Amity University Chhattisgarh. She has a keen interest in corporate and IPR sectors.
Finology Legal


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Loren Steward 24k GOLD DANGLE EARRINGS
Although Loren Stewart jewelry is fabricated in Los Angeles and Italy, the metals themselves, recycled and newly-mined, may originate from different parts of the world. We invest in manufacturers and suppliers who communicate with us about their operations and supply chain, so that we have assurances that our metals are consciously sourced. Whenever possible, we try to get verification that the metals are traceable to suppliers who are certified against international best practices such as the Responsible Jewelry Council
All gemstones in Loren Stewart pieces are noted from what region they are mined and where they are cut. The majority of our genuine precious and semi-precious gems are sourced from a family-owned lapidary in Jaipur, India who are members of the American Gem Trade Association.
24K Gold , CZ
60 x 17 mm


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The Commons Weekly Digest
ICYMI, this week we announced that Skillful is now The Commons. Learn more about our rebrand and what The Commons represents to us here. And without further ado, welcome to our Weekly Digest. Think of it like a TL;DR of the massive group chat that happens in The Commons community every day.
In this week's issue:
- Meet Imran! Mentor at The Commons and Strategy & Ops at Uber 🌟
- Events & Sprints at The Commons
- Your Weekly Level Up:
- ✏ Practice Interview Question: The dreaded "weaknesses" question
- ✅ Community Reccos: Key BizOps metrics you should know
- 💭 Thought Starter: How to leverage multiple offers in a negotiation
- 💡 Brain teaser
- 🚀 Resources: Interview resources for Product Management roles
Meet Imran, mentor at The Commons and Strategy & Operations Manager at Uber
Imran tells us how he landed his first role in tech, what motivates him as a mentor and his feelings on ketchup (yes, ketchup!).
Hey Imran! What's your current role & location?
📍Strategy & Ops at Uber, in Washington D.C. (but I'm originally from Toronto, Canada!)
How did you identify what industry you wanted to be in?
As someone who has always done Analytics and Strategy related work but has worked in three different industries (Politics, Banking and Tech), I can't say I focused on a specific industry. I was always looking for interesting roles that satisfied a different itch in my career at that time - as long as the work was in Analytics and Strategy and seemed interesting to me, the specific industry wasn't a determining factor.
How did you land your role at Uber?
My network! I didn't even know Uber was hiring until a mentor reached out to me to let me know he had heard about a job opportunity at Uber that I might find interesting. Never underestimate the power of your network and make sure to keep in touch with them regularly!
What was the Uber interview process like?
Uber has changed its interview process since I interviewed but I had 4 "interviews". Started with a call w/ HR, then was given an at home analytics test before having a 1v1 interview with a hiring manager and ending with a on-site super day.
What originally seemed like a daunting process actually made me more eager and interested in the role! By the time I finished interviewing I had done so much research and was so excited about working for the company that when the offer came in I knew it was a no-brainer to accept.
So, you decided to mentor at The Commons. What are your favourite things about being a mentor?
💭 Watching the individual growth and understanding of my cohort from Day 1 to the final presentation day - it's amazing what they can accomplish in just a few weeks!
👀 Seeing the team dynamics at work! Watching strangers become friends and develop into their own network is energizing to see.
🤝The access to The Commons community! It's amazing to see how many smart, talented, driven people there are that are also willing to help and drive each other forward - it's truly inspiring.
What's your favourite way to keep involved with The Commons, beyond mentoring?
Attending virtual speaker events and participating in the Slack conversations!
Tell us more about your role at Uber! What team are you on?
I work as a Strategy and Special Projects Manager for Uber's US and Canada Rides business. In this role I report directly to the Head of US City Operations and work on leading and driving Special Projects forward that span multiple teams and cross-functional stakeholders at Uber. It's a fairly new role - there's currently only two of us at the company in this role - so it's also been a unique opportunity to be able to help scope and define what success looks like.
What's a cool project that you've worked on?
- Project Objective / Overview: Determine the root cause of rising wait times for Uber across the US and Canada business over the past year! What's going on?
- Your Role: Led a team of four analysts to find out the cause of rising wait times, propose solutions and put them into action
- What made it so rewarding? I could see the results of my work in real time when we implemented the solution! My work helped uncover a nearly $600M business opportunity for the company that is being scoped and acted on today!
Okay, let us in on the good stuff - what's a fun perk you can expect when working at Uber?
Pros: You get free Uber credits each month!
Cons: You're now automatically the friend who calls the Uber every night 😆
Any advice for someone who wants to follow in your footsteps? What advice would you have given your former self at the beginning of your job search?
RELAX! I haven't had a fairly "traditional" career path and there have been many times over the years where I've been worried / stressed that things aren't working out as perfectly as I drew them up in my head or that I don't have things as figured out as my friends or colleagues.
As long as you have a solid process that you're committed to, things will work out and there's no need to be so hard on yourself. Just because a door has closed doesn't mean another one - with perhaps even better opportunities - won't open.
And now, a few fun facts about you:
📰 Where you get your daily news: Morning Brew, NY Times Morning Update, and a little too much Twitter
🎨 What you're doing outside of work: Struggling to improve my golf game
🌟 A CEO or leader you admire: Masai Ujiri
💡Fun Facts:
- I've never intentionally eaten Ketchup (the color / texture combo throws me off).
- I'm a soccer fanatic (Manchester United is my club) and have been lucky enough to sit pitch-side at Old Trafford for a match vs. Liverpool!
➡ Want to be mentored by someone like Imran? Join the upcoming Core Sprint (it kicks off next week!). Apply here.
🪂 What's happening at The Commons
Upcoming events at The Commons:
- Making the move from Individual Contributor to Manager | July 25 @ 7PM EST | Community only, secure your spot here
Recent past events - community members, you can access the recordings on the platform:
- No-Code/Low-Code 101
- Office Hours: Pivoting from Consulting to Tech
- Office Hours: Pivoting from Accounting to Tech
- The Commons Summit: Business Teams in Tech
We're currently reviewing applications for the following Sprints:
- 🚀 Core - Summer cohort starts the week of July 25th | Fall cohort starts in late September
- 🖥 Product - starts August 8th (an incredibly stacked roster of mentors from Uber, Tonal, Shopify, Spotify and more)
- 📈 Revenue Growth - starts mid-August
- 💰 Strategic Finance - starts September
What the community is talking about...
Discussions in The Commons are prolific. Here's a top one from this past week: Celebrating our June Core Sprint alum, who just wrapped up final presentations last weekend!
Each cohort, we celebrate alum who were nominated by their teams for absolutely crushing it across three categories: Team Trooper, Growth Mindset and Data Wiz.
Missed it? Cohort alum, hop into Slack (below) to check out the superlatives and other celebratory shoutouts in the thread. 🌟
Your weekly level up ⏫
✏ Practice Interview Question
Type: Behavioural
Question: Tell me about the toughest piece of feedback that you've received.
What They're Testing For: The interviewer is trying to understand how you deal with feedback and failure. It's likely that the role they're interviewing for operates in a fast-paced, feedback-driven culture and they want to see how effectively you can grow and pivot.
🌟 Tip: Similar to the 'tell me about 3 weaknesses' question, you'll want to respond with something meaningful and truthful, avoiding fluffy examples. If you've never received tough feedback, they may read into that as you're too junior / not seasoned enough for the role - especially if it is in a fast-paced, feedback-oriented culture. So you're better off tactfully sharing a real example than side-stepping the question. We recommend including: brief context, the feedback & who it was from, how you responded to it (in the moment or thereafter) and how you conducted yourself moving forward with respect to that specific issue (i.e. how have you specifically worked on ring-fencing the issue - this helps demonstrate how growth-oriented you are). Be sure to avoid harping on any past colleagues - this never looks good and the interviewer may assume that you bring a negative attitude to company culture.
✅ Community Reccos
This week we're talking BizOps metrics! ⚡Here are a few recommendations from the community on metrics you should know when heading into a BizOps interview (especially if it's a marketplace company):
GMV (Gross Merchandise Value): The dollars that are transacted in a marketplace. For example, at Ebay, it would be the $200 you spent on buying a table.
Revenue or Take Rate: This is the revenue realized by the company - think of it like commission. For example, at a food delivery company, it could be take rate (~30%) X GMV ($20) = $6
Orders per user: Total orders in the time period / cohort. For example, at Ritual you usually look at the weekly OPU and how that trends over time.
Match Rate: The rate at which buyers can find sellers, and vice versa. How to define this metric depends on the unique business, but it's important because a marketplace facilitates supply / demand matching. For example, at Lyft, what % of the time are riders being matched with a vehicle.
Bonus: Want to build reps diving into metrics like these? Join the upcoming Core Sprint, where you'll tackle a marketplace business problem and learn to leverage SQL to analyze data. Apply here.
💭 Thought Starter
Often, community members are interviewing for multiple roles at once. Here was a question posed to the community on how to leverage multiple job offers in a negotiation: "Is it appropriate to bring up other job offers as a negotiating technique when dealing with a hiring manager? Is there an elegant solution to this problem?"
And, here's how one of our mentors responded: "Yes, you can compare offers against one another if you haven't accepted an offer. Everyone is logical and understand that this is how the process works. Employers are purchasing your talent as much as they're offering you a job. Don't be arrogant or unkind; communicate with transparency, respect and integrity."
Want more thoughts on how to handle this? Pop into this Slack thread for advice from Shane, Fairuz and Scott R.
🧠 Brain Teaser
What is the next number in the following sequence: 0 0 1 2 2 4 3 6 4 8 5 ?
Check here for the answer!
💡Community Share
The Commons community is filled with tidbits of advice and interesting shares. In case you missed it, here's a popular share from last week 👇
Thanks for leveling up with us!
If you want to chat about The Commons, text us at +1-416-619-9042 or jump on a call HERE.


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- Author:
- Mary Rogelstad
- Published:
- May 3, 2022
- Favorites:
- Tagged In:
- Parents
With some teens it almost seems like a badge of honor to not get enough sleep. They compare notes about how late they stayed up – often on their phones. Then on the weekend they may sleep in through the morning to try to make up for it.
Not surprising these aren't great sleep habits, and this has a major impact on many factors, ranging from teen mental health to academic performance.
Sleep specialist Dr. Yishan Xu met virtually with Rustic Pathways staff to talk about teen sleep and stress. Her guidance and expertise will be utilized as we promote teen health among our student travelers.
Dr. Xu is the founder of Mind & Body Garden Psychology and is a behavioral sleep medicine specialist who trained in the Stanford Sleep Medicine Department. She's also a licensed psychologist. She says there are a number of misconceptions about sleep.
Sleep Myths
Generally there are three major sleep myths:
1.) All people need 7-8 hours of sleep.
This actually only applies to about half of the population. Genetically a number of people need more or less than 8 hours of sleep. Short sleepers may do well with only 5-6 hours of sleep and will get insomnia if they try to sleep more. Others need 9 to 10 hours of sleep.
Children and teens do need more sleep than adults. Teenagers often need 8-10 hours of sleep to be healthy.
2.) You can judge your sleep quality based on how you feel first thing in the morning.
The waking up process is slow for most people rather than being like a light switch. Experts call this sleep inertia, which is the transitional period between being asleep and awake.
For some people this period may last a half hour. For others, it may be a couple of hours. Night owls tend to need longer transition periods in the morning.
Social and physical activity and exposure to light can help with the process. Therefore, teens who have trouble getting up may benefit from having a light box or sun exposure.
Morning activities that can help vary by person. Some teens may like a quieter routine in the morning, but others may wake up better if there is upbeat music or physical activity.
If the wake up system is activated early in the day, a teen is more likely to sleep better at night. Therefore, finding ways to get going in the morning can help.
3.) Waking up at night is bad.
Waking up at night is actually normal. An adult generally wakes up 12 to 20 times a night but just may not remember it. Older adults can wake up dozens of times a night.
We spend half of the night in deep sleep and half in REM sleep and wake up between stages. If a person doesn't remember these periods or easily falls asleep again, this is not a problem.
How To Develop Healthy Sleep Habits
Unfortunately there are many teens and adults that have trouble getting the appropriate amount of restful sleep. There are more than 90 types of sleep disorders. A number of them need the assistance of a sleep specialist, but there are many things that can be done to help the average person.
If you don't get enough sleep one night, you don't want to be a couch potato the next day. Active days are more likely to lead to restful nights. Still intense exercise should be avoided before bedtime, though gentle stretching is fine.
Food and drinks also should be avoided about three to four hours before bedtime. For caffeine consumption, it depends on the person. The half life of caffeine is 4 to 7 hours so it can take up to 14 hours to get completely out of the system. Therefore, someone who is caffeine sensitive should not have it in the afternoon or later.
What time you go to bed will depend on your circadian rhythms. That is partially decided by genes. Night owls do indeed have a different sleep window than morning birds.
When tired, it's important to associate your bed with sleep. Therefore, it's not great for teens to do homework or sit on their phone in their beds. When they are in bed, they should be sleeping, and if they have trouble sleeping, then they should get up. The goal is to train the brain to associate the bed with sleeping.
To help with the process of going to sleep, people naturally have a wind down time, which can vary in length depending on the person. Just like there is a transition period in the morning, there is one at night.
During this time, screens should be turned off and a soothing routine can be followed to indicate bedtime. This can take a half hour or an hour to promote relaxation.
If teens have problems with anxiety, they can use a worry box or structured worry time. This involves setting aside a worry time during the day when you can write down worries. If these thoughts pop up at bedtime, then there can be a mental effort to remind yourself that you'll focus on that issue during your worry time the next day. This is a mind training exercise that hopefully limits the amount of worries each day and allows better sleep.
How To Handle Jet Lag
The healthy habits created at home can seemingly go out the window when we travel to a different time zone. Timing your eating habits can help with this problem.
This may involve a brief fasting period. The goal is to eat breakfast at the appropriate time at your destination. Feeding and fasting time impact the alignment of our circadian rhythm, so it could be a helpful tool to help cope with jet lag.
Breakfast normally comes after a night of not eating. Therefore, you may want to fast about 16 hours before eating breakfast at your destination. Therefore if you arrive at 5pm local time, you could eat like it is dinner time, even if it's not dinner time at home. But you would not want to eat if you arrived late at night.
Getting your eating schedule on track will help with sleep habits. Of course all of this is more difficult for teens who are under stress. In our next blog, we'll share advice on helping teens with their mental health before and during travel.
Mary Rogelstad
Lead Editor
Mary is the Lead Editor at Rustic Pathways. She has been a writer and editor for nearly 20 years. Prior to covering student travel, Mary created content for the music education company J.W. Pepper & Son. She also was a writer and producer at CNN International and a communications director for a social service agency and a K-12 private school.


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Head of OMES talks about Swadley's contract with Tourism. (Tulsa World)
Lawmakers make little movement on tax reform on the first day of special session. (NewsOK)
A Norman turnpike expansion is heading to the state Supreme Court. (Journal Record)
Oklahoma awaits word from US Supreme Court on tribal sovereignty. (KOSU)
Tulsa city panel wants oversight of the police department. (Tulsa World)
New OKC police policy restricts vehicle pursuits. (Oklahoma Watch)
Former OKC police building comes down. (NewsOK)
Tulsa City Council filing begins. (Tulsa World)
Mayes County residents could decide on a $300M TIF. (Tulsa World)
Sexually transmitted diseases are rising among Oklahoma seniors. (Journal Record)
BMX cycling camp teaches STE(A)M education. (Tulsa World)
Robert Redford, George R.R. Martin bring Oklahoma's native series to TV. (NewsOK)
Oklahoma gets some drought relief from recent rains. (KOSU)
Concerns rise along with the temperatures. (Tulsa World)


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Taylor, national tourney team to SWCC Hall of Fame
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Southwestern Community College will induct the 1998-99 Spartan men's basketball team and its coach, Bill Taylor, into the Southwestern Athletic Hall of Fame during a ceremony on Friday, Dec. 3, 2021, in the SWCC Student Center.
Taylor was a graduate of Diagonal High School as were team members Mike Goodale and TJ Tassell.
The Hall of Fame event schedule follows: 5:30 p.m., women's basketball game, SWCC Student Center gymnasium; 7 p.m. (between games), Hall of Fame reception, Student Center upstairs; 7:30 p.m., men's basketball game, gymnasium; and 8:15 p.m., Induction Ceremony (during halftime of the men's game), gymnasium. The Spartans will be facing Ellsworth Community College during the games.
This Hall of Fame induction ceremony was originally scheduled to take place on Friday, Nov. 22, 2019, but was postponed due to the sudden passing of Taylor on Nov. 7, 2019. Taylor's passing left a tremendous void at Southwestern and the college continues to miss him today. He was a fixture at the college and the hope is with this induction, as well as the establishment of an endowment through the college's Education Foundation, Taylor's legacy will continue to live on forever.
The 1998-99 Spartan basketball team was the first Southwestern Community College men's basketball team to qualify for the NJCAA DII National Tournament and will become the first team inducted in the Athletic Hall of Fame. Prior to this, the 1965-66 Creston Community College team reached nationals.
During the 1998-99 season, the Spartans set a team record for 3-point field goal percentage at 40 percent, placing them eighth nationwide. The Spartans also placed seventh nationally in defensive average, allowing only 67 points per game. The Spartans finished the season with a 25-11 record, ultimately finishing seventh at the national tournament.
Throughout his working career at Southwestern, Taylor balanced professional and coaching duties. Taylor was initially hired at Southwestern as a business instructor in 1991. He served as assistant coach for the Southwestern men's basketball program from 1991-93 under Steve Forbes, who is now the head coach at Wake Forest University. In 1993, Taylor took over at the helm of Spartan men's basketball. In December 1998, Taylor moved from business instructor to director of the Small Business Development Center. Taylor continued as head coach for the Spartans until 1999. That year, he moved back into the role of assistant coach, and assisted his former player and then Head Coach Mike Morley until 2002, when Taylor moved from the Small Business Development Center director position to become Southwestern's director of student services. In 2008, Taylor became the college's vice president of instruction and he served in that role until he succumbed to an aggressive form of pancreatic cancer in 2019.
During Taylor's head coaching run for the Spartans, he achieved an overall record of 134-62, a .684 winning percentage. He was named NJCAA District 4 Division II Men's Basketball Coach of the Year and Region XI Division II Men's Basketball Coach of the Year in 1999. Taylor's 1996-97 team held the single-season win mark at 25 until it was tied by his 1998-99 team; again tied by Head Coach Todd Lorensen's team in 2015-16; and toppled by 26 wins from Lorensen's 2016-17 team.
The Southwestern Community College Athletic Hall of Fame was established in 2013 to honor student-athletes, teams, coaches, administrators, and contributors for their outstanding performance, work support, and/or significant contributions to the Southwestern Community College athletic program. Current Hall of Famers include Ron "Fox" Clinton, retired SWCC athletic director, coach, and instructor; Bill Krejci, longtime SWCC athletic director/athletic fundraiser, coach, and instructor; Rita Schroeder, longtime volleyball coach, graduate, and student-athlete; and David Kragel, former student-athlete and NJCAA men's basketball First Team All-American.


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BANGKOK — Amnesty International released a report on Wednesday saying the government has suppressed the rights of child protesters through tactics such as surveillance, intimidation, asking invasive questions, and pressuring parents of child protesters.
"Chompoo, a Bangkok-based 13-year-old child protester, told Amnesty International that she has been followed around by authorities since she started her activism in March 2022. Similarly, a 16-year-old LGBTI activist was trailed by authorities to his house and school, which affected his mental health with panic attacks, insomnia and other stress brought on by the continuous surveillance," the report entitled "We Are Claiming Our Future: Children's Right to Peaceful Assembly in Thailand" stated.
"Anna, a Bangkok-based student activist who advocates for education reforms, said she and her friends were physically dragged out of a restaurant by police and officials from the Ministry of Social Development and Human Security, the main agency in charge of child protection, because the authorities feared they were going to stage a protest at Democracy Monument as members of the royal family were due to travel past the area."
Chanatip Tatiyakaroonwong, Thailand researcher at Amnesty International who interviewed 30 child protesters said, "Children with their whole lives ahead of them now face severe repercussions merely for participating in peaceful protests."
Chanatip, who spoke at the press conference on Wednesday, added that the majority of monarchy-reform protesters between 2020 and 2022 were people under the age of 18. At least 59 incidents of harassment occurred between 2021 to 2022.
The rights group is calling all the charges, including lese majeste, sedition, and violation of the COVID-19 emergency decree, to be dropped and for harassment to end.
"To date, nearly 300 under-18s have faced criminal charges," the researcher said.
Speaking through a pre-recorded video message, Clement Voule, UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association, said at the press conference held at Bangkok Arts and Culture Center that the lese majeste law continues to affect the rights to free assembly in Thailand.
Voule says the lese majeste law "justifies oppression."
"I was in contact [with the Thai government] to raise serious concerns … This is a direct violation of the fundamental freedom and right of the people. We consider the law to be contradictory to fundamental rights … including freedom of assembly. The Thai government needs to take into account children's rights to protest peacefully."
Petch was one of the young protesters who attended the event. He joined the monarchy-reform movement back in 2020 when he was 17 and now faced multiple charges including lese majeste.
During a questioning by a government psychologist, he said he was asked: "Do you have sex with a person of the same sex?" Petch, who is LGBTI says he "felt unsafe" as a result.
Petch, now 20, said his future prospects have been much affected as a result of his political activism and he now tries to balance politics and personal life.
Another young protester, Sand, 17, who faced 11 charges, told the audience she "confessed" in some of the charges "so it will be over quickly".


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Nuts and Bolts: Online gaming draft rules - what and why?
Online gaming companies like Dream11, Games24x7, WinZo or any of the 900-odd companies that operate in the space will soon be treated as intermediaries just like Google, Facebook, and OTT platforms. The central Ministry of Electronics and IT has proposed an amendment to bring online gaming under the Information Technology Rules of 2021. The proposal, which is part of the draft online gaming policy that will be subject to public consultation till January 17th, attempts to treat online gaming companies as intermediaries and create a self-regulation model. Will it work?
By: Varsha Meghani
Published: Jan 13, 2023


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Source: hRBCD ; ID: IPI00297160PM19886704
BGMUT ; ID: indian
Marked as 'Integral membrane protein'
Confidence: high (a blood group or CD marker) Search PubMed for
(RBC AND this entry)
Gene names: CD44 , LHR, MDU2, MDU3, MIC4
Protein names and data: CD44_HUMAN , CD44 antigen , CDw44; Epican; Extracellular matrix receptor III; ECMR-III; GP90 lymphocyte homing/adhesion receptor; HUTCH-I; Heparan sulfate proteoglycan; Hermes antigen; Hyaluronate receptor; Phagocytic glycoprotein 1; PGP-1; Phagocytic glycoprotein I; PGP-I; CD44; Flags: Precursor Lenght: 742 a.a.
Mass: 81538 Da
fasta formatted sequence
Function: Receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA). Mediates cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions through its affinity for HA, and possibly also through its affinity for other ligands such as osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Adhesion with HA plays an important role in cell migration, tumor growth and progression. In cancer cells, may play an important role in invadopodia formation. Also involved in lymphocyte activation, recirculation and homing, and in hematopoiesis. Altered expression or dysfunction causes numerous pathogenic phenotypes. Great protein heterogeneity due to numerous alternative splicing and post-translational modification events.
Cellular location: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Note=Colocalizes with actin in membrane protrusions at wounding edges (By similarity).
Tissue specificity: Isoform 10 (epithelial isoform) is expressed by cells of epithelium and highly expressed by carcinomas. Expression is repressed in neuroblastoma cells.
Genetic variants
CD44 is responsible for the Indian blood group system. The molecular basis of the In(A)=In1/In(B)=In2 blood group antigens is a single variation in position 46; In(B), the most frequent allele, has Arg-46.Database cross-references
UniProt: P16070Ensembl: ENST00000263398
Ensembl: ENST00000278386
Ensembl: ENST00000352818
Ensembl: ENST00000360158
Ensembl: ENST00000415148
Ensembl: ENST00000428726
Ensembl: ENST00000433892
Ensembl: ENST00000434472
Ensembl: ENST00000437706
Ensembl: ENST00000449691
neXtProt: NX_P16070
Antibodypedia: P16070 (may not find the protein thus also not any antibody)
Local full text data: click here


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Jax Taylor Spotted With Former 'Vanderpump Rules' Costar Beau Clark Amid Reports That His Spinoff With Wife Brittany Cartwright Was Shot Down
Vanderpump Rules alum Jax Taylor was seen taking in a Rams game with former costar Beau Clark amid reports that his spinoff show was shut down.
On Sunday, October 24, Taylor and Clark — who both said goodbye to VPR in 2020 — were spotted intensely chatting it up while watching the Los Angeles team defeat the Detroit Lions.
The 42-year-old was reportedly in talks to revive his failed Bravo spinoff show, Jax And Brittany Take Kentucky, with wife Brittany Cartwright Cauchi at the Peacock streaming platform. But according to Radar, a source confirmed the show will not be airing.
According to a blind item from Deuxmoi, a source claimed that the married couple had a friend in development at the streaming platform who was helping them bring the 2017 show back. The source also alleged that Lisa Vanderpump was helping to get the show off its feet.
"LVP is producing, expect a few former Vanderpump castmates to appear throughout," the item detailed. "This is part of a larger move to get more real estate shows on Peacock, and they feel like it might do well based on the success of Bravo's frequent marathons of Chrisley Knows Best."
The source explained that Taylor was not exactly staying silent about the secret deal: "Jax has been told to keep quiet but he's already dropping hints on IG Live."
The now-nixxed show was reportedly set to revolve around the Michigan native and his Kentucky-born wife "revamping a run-down farmhouse" as they flee the LA lifestyle.
Taylor and Cartwright — who share six-month-old son Cruz — announced their departure from Vanderpump Rules in December of 2020. "I just think it was time for my wife and I to move on. I'm 42 years old, I am a father now," the former reality star recently revealed on The Doctors.
"Just the idea of going back to that world, and going back to the arguing and the fighting with people half my age — it was a lot of anxiety," Taylor added.


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Saurabh Gupta | 27 Mar, 2012
To overcome their budget limitations,
small and medium enterprises (SMEs) should
outsource the non-core business activities, and
focus more on using the available resources on growing their core business
, said
Raghu Kumar, CEO GlobalOutlook, in an exclusive e-mail interview with
SME Times
Excerpts of the interview...
Please share a brief about GlobalOutlook, its customers and offerings.
Raghu Kumar:
GlobalOutlook provides Hosted Microsoft Communication, SaaS Business Communication and Collaboration Solutions. Since its inception in 2007, the founding team of industry veterans and successful entrepreneurs has provided experience and expertise in the mobile, enterprise and consulting sectors to a range of corporate customers worldwide.
GlobalOutlook is a portfolio company of Naya Ventures, an early stage venture capital firm that invests in mobile and SaaS startups in the US and India. As a business communication services provider, the GlobalOutlook team is constantly working to provide its consumers the latest technologies in the hosted communication, collaboration and SaaS domain.
With offices in Dallas, Texas and Hyderabad, India, GlobalOutlook collaborates with both direct customers and partners such as TELCOs, ISPs, MSPs, and ISVs, web hosting companies, data centers and system integrators to define technology standards and to provide communication and collaboration services and tools to global enterprises.
Company Background
* Privately held Cloud communications service provider founded in 2007
* First company to offer White Label Hosted Email, SharePoint & Office Communication Services (OCS) and Blackberry Enterprise Server (BES) services in India. In addition, we lead in the following:
* Being Indiaâs largest Hosted Exchange Service provider
* Innovating a Hybrid email solution that allows for co-existence of on-premise Exchange and Linux
* Offering Hosted BES for BlackBerry
* Offering anytime-anywhere mobile email access for iPhone, iPad, Android, Windows phones and other smartphones
* Headquartered in US with operations in Dallas, TX and Hyderabad, India. Additional sales offices in progress for Mumbai, Bangalore and Delhi/NCR.
* Management team has a strong track record and 60+ years of messaging and mobile software/services industry expertise
What are the some of the top products/ Services being bought by SMEs?
Raghu Kumar:
* Hosted Exchange â Enterprise-class secure business email
* Hosted Hybrid Exchange â a unique innovative solution from GlobalOutlook for SMEs that have users on different email platforms like Exchange & Linux.
* Hosted Mobile Email â Hosted BES for BlackBerry and ActiveSync for all other smart-phones
What according to you is the biggest challenge that SMEs are facing in the field of communication
Raghu Kumar:
SMEs have the challenge of managing a growing user base across various geographical locations/ offices and demand for higher mobile users but with limited budgets.
How can your services help them to overcome some of these challenges?
Raghu Kumar:
Our services allow customers to utilize their limited budgets very effectively, wherein, these budgets can be used to grow their core business and outsource their non-core activities to GlobalOutlook. Besides, secured email, collaboration & content management and secured chat/conference. We have our support team available 24x7 and help make our customersâ grow globally.
How are your services different or unique from other players offering the same services?
Raghu Kumar:
We differentiate ourselves with â
1. Hybrid model that allows clients to have users on different platforms like Exchange & Linux
2. White Label Model which enables partners to rebrand the solution and sell to their customers
3. Utilize MacAfee the worldâs best Anti-Virus and Anti Spam software
4. Hosted BES (BlackBerry Enterprise Server)
5. Utilize Exchange 2010 the latest version from Microsoft
Can you specify some key benefits that SMEs can leverage when partnering with a MS hosted exchange service provider for Communication Vis-Ã -vis having an in house exchange set up?
Raghu Kumar:
1. NO Capex â a key benefit of cloud solutions.
2. NO expertise required. Your IT staff can focus on other line-of-business projects.
3. NO licenses, maintenance or upgrades: provider takes care of all of these.
4. NO Spam or virus issues: provider should apply all of the necessary filters and processes.
5. Flexibility: will the provider allow you to scale up and down as your business needs change?
6. Predictable costs: will the provider allow you to pay per user and necessary service?
7. 24/7 availability and support: with email as a critical business tool, downtime can be disruptive. The provider should provide live support at all times to meet your needs.
8. Enterprise Class: is the provider offering services to keep the entire workforce productive
9. Mobility: is provider offering services over any smart phone with anytime, anywhere access?
10. Suite of Services: provider should offer suite of services including secured business email, secured collaborative content management and secured chat/conference tools
Does GO support micro enterprises too?
Raghu Kumar:
GlobalOutlook supports a range of enterprises, including micro-enterprises, which could be a 5 user company. The benefits of a hosted Exchange provider for smaller organizations are that they can have an enterprise-class solution at a manageable cost because we scale up and down according to their needs.
How can a SME obtain GO's services?
Raghu Kumar:
SMEâs can avail GlobalOutlook services through direct model, online sales portal and partner. Companies can experience our services via a trial period and then be on boarded by our Support team whenever they are ready.
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Sambhaji Ranaba Patil | Wed Mar 28 12:42:07 2012
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I don't know java script, but some where along my path someone gave me the simple java script for my button to load previously saved PDF data back into a PDF.
Could someone let me know if there is also a simple script to load CSV data into a PDF and what it is?
thanks for all your help
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Try this command:
Copy link to clipboard
Copy link to clipboard
The format of the file needs to be two rows, with the field names in the first and the values in the second.
You seem to have multiple rows, which is OK, but you'll only be able to import one of them.
Also, I would remove the first column since it doesn't have a field name in it.
And you need to make sure that the names of the fields in the CSV file match those in the PDF exactly, including lower/upper-case letters.


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What is IaaS, PaaS and Saas
IaaS, PaaS and SaaS are the main three cloud computing service models. Each cloud service model covers different user and company needs, and provides a different level of control, security and scalability.
IaaS, PaaS and Saas
There is no one-size-fits-all cloud service model for every business.
The right cloud computing model will depend on how many "layers" companies can or want to outsource to their service provider when migrating from an on-premises to a cloud solution. In addition, companies can combine different cloud service models for different purposes.
Let's start from bottom to top of the pyramid above.
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)
IaaS is a cloud computing solution that consists of provisioning and managing computing resources over the Internet; such as servers, storage, networking and virtualization.
Infrastructure as a Service provides the technology and capabilities of high-standard data centers to businesses without a significant capital investment on IT equipment. IaaS customers access their infrastructure via a dashboard or API, but they do not have to physically manage it. Infrastructure as a Service offers a higher level of control compared with an on-premises solution.
This cloud service model offers a lot of flexibility to companies, as they purchase computing resources on-demand, instead of buying their own hardware. This way companies increase efficiency, scalability, redundancy and security, while keeping control of their infrastructure. Moreover, by outsourcing their infrastructure, they also delegate its setup, management and maintenance; as a consequence, they can save a lot of money, time and efforts.
Unlike SaaS and PaaS, IaaS offers more control to customers as they are still responsible for their applications, data, runtime, middleware and operating system. Furthermore, in terms of security, while IaaS providers are in charge of ensuring that the infrastructure, storage and networking are completely secure, customers must take responsibility for aspects such as access management, encryption or network traffic protection.
IaaS can be used for many purposes:
- deploying web applications,
- running a CRM,
- doing Big Data analysis,
- storing data,
- backups and Disaster Recovery plans,
- and much more.
You just need to choose the IaaS provider that better fits your needs and business strategy. Our article about some of the key aspects to consider when choosing a cloud provider can be helpful.
Some examples of IaaS are Stackscale, AWS and VMware.
At Stackscale, we offer IaaS with virtualization in the form of Private Cloud and IaaS without virtualization through bare-metal servers.
Main IaaS advantages
- Businesses keep control of their infrastructure.
- Resources can be purchased on demand, without big hardware investments.
- Automation and scalability.
Main IaaS concerns
IaaS concerns vary considerably depending on the type of cloud chosen, since companies will not leverage the same benefits from a public, private or hybrid cloud. The same way features vary significantly among providers. While vendor lock-in and performance issues might be a big concern in a public cloud, management and interoperability between environments is one of the top concerns in a hybrid or multi-cloud environment.
PaaS (Platform as a Service)
PaaS is a cloud service model that provides a ready-to-use development environment, where developers can focus on writing and executing high-quality code in order to create customized applications.
Platform as a Service is delivered via the web, allowing developers to build scalable and highly-available applications without worrying about the OS, storage or updates. It provides a framework developers can use for developing, managing, distributing and testing software applications.
This cloud service model makes the process of developing and deploying applications simpler and more cost-effective. PaaS is accessible to multiple users via the same development application and it integrates web services, database engines and more to help developers with app development, testing and deployment.
Cloud-based platform services accelerate innovation, but PaaS customers only have control over what is built on the platform. So, if there is a problem with the platform's OS or hardware, they have no control over the impact it has on their software's performance. However, they have control over other aspects, such as anti-malware or access control.
Some examples of PaaS are Heroku, Apache Stratos and OpenShift.
Main PaaS advantages
- Simple and cost-effective applications development, testing and deployment.
- Developers can build scalable and highly-available customized applications easily and with less code.
- Faster innovation.
Main PaaS concerns
- Data security.
- Interoperability and vendor lock-in.
- Integrations and compatibility.
- Operational limitations.
- Runtime.
SaaS (Software as a Service)
SaaS consists of delivering cloud-based applications to users over the Internet.
In this cloud service model, software is hosted online and made available to customers on a subscription basis or for purchase. SaaS cloud providers host applications in their network and users can access them through a browser or app, from different devices. Software as a Service is also known as cloud application services.
The provider is responsible for developing, maintaining and updating the software. From the users' side, using SaaS products is as easy as logging in and starting using it online, without installing or hosting any software locally. Therefore, IT staff do not need to waste time downloading and installing applications on each employee's computer. However, end users do not have much control over it; which can be a handicap for some businesses.
Software as a Service is the most common cloud computing service. We all use some SaaS products in our daily lives. Cloud-based software is widely used by companies to build their businesses, as it is easy to deploy, use, manage and scale. Moreover, SaaS has made collaboration among teams incredibly easier during the last decades.
Some examples of SaaS are Google Workspace, Dropbox and Salesforce.
Main SaaS advantages
- It allows saving time and money by outsourcing the installation, management and upgrade of software applications.
- IT staff are free to consecrate their time on more valuable, complex tasks.
- Continuous upgrades and UX improvements.
Main SaaS concerns
- Data security.
- Customization and feature limitations.
- Interoperability and vendor lock-in.
- Integration support.
- Performance.
Examples of IaaS, PaaS and SaaS
- Stackscale
- Amazon Web Services
- Google Cloud
- VMware
- Microsoft Azure
- Rackspace
- Heroku
- Google App Engine
- OpenShift
- Apache Stratos
- Flynn
- Cloud Foundry
- Acumbamail
- Salesforce
- Gmail
- Google Drive
- Dropbox
- Slack
- Trello
- GoToMeeting