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goodmorningpapua.com – Pre-wedding photos of Kaesang Pangarep and Erina Gudono caught the attention of netizens. Of the many traditional clothes, it is from Papua taking the most attention.
Kaesang and Erina uploaded pre-wedding photos using several traditional clothes. Starting from Dayak, Gorontalo to Papua.
The Papuan clothes worn are taken from the Dani tribe. This tribe lives on a plateau called the Baliem Valley.
The concept of traditional clothes used by Kaesang is very beautiful and amazing. But unfortunately, the use of this traditional dress was corrected by netizens, especially those who are native Papuans.
Kaesang is seen wearing a Sali skirt, which is a special dress for Dani girls. In fact, men of the Dani tribe use a koteka instead of a Sali skirt.
"The clothes they both wear are Sali, a kind of skirt for unmarried Dani girls. Dani men wear a koteka," said Hari Suroto, a BRIN archaeological researcher.
Apart from the sali skirt, the use of Kaesang's facial makeup was also considered inappropriate by Hari. The decoration on Kaesang's face is not characteristic of the Dani tribe but is typical of the coast.
"The Dani usually only know the colors red, brown, black, white. Even that is smeared all over the body or face, it's not described like that," he said.
On the body of Dani men there are kare-kare in the form of a headdress like a crown made of red or white bird feathers. There is also a Kinisi or Puali, a headdress made from the feathers of an eagle or parrot or white stork. Decoration on the nose in the form of pig tusks or called Wam Esi.
Not only that, there is also a white face decoration on the forehead called Herabuak, accessories made of dog tail hair on the left and right arms are called Yeke Esi, and decorations on the chest such as ties are called Walimo.
The back does not go unnoticed, there is an ornament made of eagle feathers called sawusa and traditional men's clothing in the form of a Holim or Koteka.
The accessories for Dani women are in the form of a headdress such as a crown of yellow flowers called Holusogom Eken, accessories on the neck and chest (a kind of necktie made of bark) are called Zion or Tipar.
"The traditional skirt for a girl is called a Sali and the traditional skirt for Dani women who are married is called a Yokal. For Dani women who are married, usually the ends of the other are tied," continued Hari.
Hari regretted the 'hodgepodge' in the traditional Papuan clothes worn by Kaesang. For him, it would be better if Kaesang chose the typical clothing for men from the coast in northern Papua.
"Kaesang should have worn a typical coastal Noken so that it fits. The headdress, skirt and Tifa are just proper, only the Noken worn is a typical mountain Noken," said Hari.
On the other hand, if Kaesang and Erina want to wear a typical mountainous Noken like the one in the photo, Sali and Koteka are the right pair. "So what they use is a 'hodgepodge' of terms, the important is the Papuan culture," said Hari.


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A script and resource loader for caching & loading files with localStorage
Filed under miscellaneousBasket.js is a script and resource loader for caching and loading scripts using localStorage
##Introduction for the Non-Developer
Modern web applications will typically make use of more than one JavaScript or CSS framework. As the number of scripts add up, so does the number of HTTP requests. This leads to increased page load times and reduced performance. Basket.js is a project dedicated to aleviating this problem.
Basket.js loads your site's scripts into a page and saves them in localStorage so they can be reused after the session until they are expired. It also checks to see if the scripts are already in localStorage, and if not, loads them. This prevents unneccessary reloading of scripts and can improve load time and website performance.
- Basket.js: A JavaScript Loader With LocalStorage-based script caching
- basket.js caches scripts with HTML5 localStorage
- Basket.js for improved script caching
- How to Improve Loading Time with basket.js
Style Guide
This project follows the Idiomatic guide to writing JavaScript - a concise extension to the jQuery Core Style guidelines, with the exception of multiple var statements. Please ensure any pull requests follow these closely.
Unit Tests
We are also attempting to get as much unit test coverage as possible. For this reason, please add unit tests for any new or changed functionality and remember to lint and test your code using grunt.
Also, please don't edit files in the "dist" subdirectory as they are generated via grunt. You'll find source code in the "lib" subdirectory!
To build the project, you will first need to install the necessary dependencies (such as RSVP) using npm and Bower.
$ npm install & bower install
in the project root to get everything you need. Next, to actually build the project you will need Grunt.
$ grunt release
to generate a new release, otherwise just running
grunt test
will run the unit tests.Team
Addy Osmani Sindre Sorhus Andrée Hansson Mat Scales License
MIT © Basket.js team

subset: commoncrawl


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Perspectives and challenges for the use of radar in biological conservation
Radar is at the forefront for the study of broad‐scale aerial movements of birds, bats and insects and related issues in biological conservation. Radar techniques are especially useful for investigating species which fly at high altitudes, in darkness, or which are too small for applying electronic tags. Here, we present an overview of radar applications in biological conservation and highlight its future possibilities. Depending on the type of radar, information can be gathered on local‐ to continental‐scale movements of airborne organisms and their behaviour. Such data can quantify flyway usage, biomass and nutrient transport (bioflow), population sizes, dynamics and distributions, times and dimensions of movements, areas and times of mass emergence and swarming, habitat use and activity ranges. Radar also captures behavioural responses to anthropogenic disturbances, artificial light and man‐made structures. Weather surveillance and other long‐range radar networks allow spatially broad overviews of important stopover areas, songbird mass roosts and emergences from bat caves. Mobile radars, including repurposed marine radars and commercially dedicated 'bird radars', offer the ability to track and monitor the local movements of individuals or groups of flying animals. Harmonic radar techniques have been used for tracking short‐range movements of insects and other small animals of conservation interest. However, a major challenge in aeroecology is determining the taxonomic identity of the targets, which often requires ancillary data obtained from other methods. Radar data have become a global source of information on ecosystem structure, composition, services and function and will play an increasing role in the monitoring and conservation of flying animals and threatened habitats worldwide.
Citation Information
Publication Year | 2019 |
Title | Perspectives and challenges for the use of radar in biological conservation |
DOI | 10.1111/ecog.04063 |
Authors | Ommo Hüppop, Michał Ciach, Robert H. Diehl, Don Reynolds, Phillip Stepanian, Myles Menz |
Publication Type | Article |
Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
Series Title | Ecography |
Index ID | 70215591 |
Record Source | USGS Publications Warehouse |
USGS Organization | Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center |


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Having access to hot water is essential for modern life. Yet, many of us take our water heaters for granted until they break down and we are left with nothing but cold showers. Recognizing the signs that your water heater needs repair or replacing can save time and money in the long run. In this article, we will explore the telltale signs that your water heater requires attention and discuss the benefits of regular maintenance.
The first sign that your water heater may need to be repaired or replaced is if it is making strange noises. If you hear rumbling, popping, or banging coming from your water heater, then there may be sediment buildup on the bottom of the tank which could lead to corrosion over time. Additionally, if you notice a decrease in hot water pressure or temperature when using multiple fixtures at once then this could indicate a problem with your water heater as well.
Finally, if you find that your energy bills have been steadily increasing without any changes to usage habits then this could also be an indication of a faulty water heater. Perhaps it is not working as efficiently as it used to and thus consuming more energy than necessary to heat up the same amount of water.
In conclusion, these are just some of the warning signs that your water heater needs maintenance or replacement; however, regular inspections by a qualified professional are recommended in order to ensure optimal performance and avoid any costly repairs or replacements in the future.
How long has it been since you've had a functioning water heater? It is important to assess the age of your water heater, as this can indicate whether or not it needs to be repaired or replaced. Generally, a water heater should last for about ten years before needing repair or replacement; however, there are several factors that could cause it to fail sooner.
The first factor is the quality of its installation and maintenance. Properly installed and maintained water heaters will typically last much longer than those which have not been properly cared for. In addition, the type of material used in construction is also important; certain materials are more prone to corrosion and wear-and-tear than others.
It is also important to consider the environment in which you are using your water heater. Areas with high humidity and temperatures can cause early failure of certain models, while areas with low temperatures may require additional insulation to maintain efficiency and prevent damage from freezing temperatures. By assessing these factors and making any necessary adjustments, you can help extend the life of your current water heater.
One way to assess whether a water heater requires repair or replacement is by noticing any unusual sounds or smells coming from the appliance. Unusual noises, such as clunking, banging, and gurgling may indicate a problem within the unit. These sounds could be caused by sediment buildup in the bottom of the tank, which can cause corrosion and limit the effectiveness of the heater. Additionally, strange smells emanating from the water heater could signify an issue such as a gas leak or bacterial contamination.
If any strange noises or odors are detected, homeowners should immediately contact a professional to determine if their water heater needs to be serviced or replaced. A qualified plumber will be able to inspect the unit for any potential problems and make recommendations for repairs or replacements accordingly. It is important to act promptly when unusual sounds or smells are noticed since ignoring them could lead to further damage and costly repairs down the road.
In order to avoid having to replace a water heater prematurely, homeowners should take precautionary measures such as regularly flushing out sediment buildup and scheduling regular maintenance checks with a licensed plumber. Taking these steps will help keep all components functioning properly and reduce the likelihood of needing to invest in a new unit in the near future.
The presence of water around your water heater can be a telltale sign that it needs to be repaired or replaced. Just like watching a rainstorm, where the clouds slowly fill up with rain until they burst and pour down onto the ground, water around your water heater can indicate a dangerous situation that could result in costly repairs.
If you notice any signs of pooling or leaking, take immediate action. Small leaks may seem harmless at first, but even a small leak can cause major damage if left unchecked. Moisture buildup will damage nearby walls and floors, leading to mold growth and electrical hazards. It's also important to check for signs of corrosion, which is usually indicated by rust-colored discoloration on the surface of the tank. Corrosion weakens the metal, making the tank more likely to burst over time.
If you find evidence of pooling or leaking near your water heater, it's best to have an expert take a look as soon as possible before further damage occurs. A professional plumber will be able to assess the situation and advise whether repair or replacement is necessary.
Examining the pressure and temperature of hot water output is essential for determining whether a water heater needs to be repaired or replaced. An abnormally high output pressure can indicate a safety issue, as well as malfunctioning components within the system. If the pressure exceeds 80 psi, it should be checked out by a professional. Additionally, if the temperature of the hot water output is too low or inconsistent, this could be an indication that something is wrong with the unit. To ensure effective operation, it may require repair or replacement.
It is also important to check for any discoloration in the hot water. If rust or other sediment is present in the water, this can reveal corrosion within the system and should be addressed immediately by a qualified technician. The presence of any unusual odors in hot water coming from taps could also suggest that there are issues with bacteria growth inside the tank or pipes that need to be cleaned or replaced.
To maintain a healthy and efficient operating system, regular inspections should be performed on both gas and electric models. This includes checking for signs of damage and wear as well as performing necessary maintenance such as flushing out tanks every six months to prevent buildup of sediment. By taking these steps, homeowners can help extend the life of their water heater and avoid costly repairs or replacements down the road.
When it comes to water heaters, corrosion and rust buildup are two of the most common problems. These can lead to a variety of issues, such as decreased efficiency, increased energy costs, or even complete failure of the unit. To detect corrosion or rust buildup, homeowners need to inspect their water heater regularly.
The first indication of corrosion is usually discoloration on the surface of the tank. This can be a result of several factors, including age, exposure to moisture, or contact with certain chemicals. If the discoloration is accompanied by flaking or bubbling, this is a sign that the metal has begun to corrode and needs to be repaired or replaced immediately.
Homeowners should also look for signs of rust around the connections and pipes leading into and out of the unit. Rusty pipes indicate that water may have been leaking from them for some time now and could cause further damage if left unchecked. A professional plumber should be consulted to assess whether repairs are necessary.
For optimal safety and performance, it's important that homeowners inspect their water heater regularly and take note of any changes in appearance or function. This will help ensure that any potential problems are caught early on and addressed accordingly before they become major issues down the road.
At First Apostle Plumbing Co, we offer a wide range of plumbing services in St. Peters, Missouri. Whether you need a repair, replacement, or preventative maintenance, our experienced plumbing contractors can take care of it. Don't hesitate to contact us today to discuss how we can help you with all of your plumbing needs.


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This simple project helps children learn the shapes of the letters. It will help them develop writing and reading skills. Working the play dough develops fine motor skills that will be used for writing as well as hand eye coordination. While they put the play dough onto the letter tell them the letter name and the sounds it makes. This will help them associate the sound of the letter with the shape giving them the skills they will need to sight read.
It is important to introduce literacy at an early age. You can do this by exposing them to print in multiple areas of their life, such as letter magnets, books, posters with words, and songs about letters. Imagination plays an important role in brain development. Reading and creating stories help children learn to think on their own and connect several thoughts together. Encourage children to elaborate their stories. Ask them why their characters performed certain actions, or how their invention works. Some Children may need help starting, give them a picture to explain, or a few sentences to get them started. Most important give them plenty of time to read! While reading they have to fill in the missing information. "In the city of Ember, the sky was always dark. The only light came from great floodlamps mounted on the buildings and at the tops of poles in the middle of the larger squares. When the lights were on, they cast a yellowish glow over the streets; people walking by threw long shadows that shortened and then stretched out again." - The City of Ember, by Jeanne DuPrau The story has great description sparking imagination, but leaves room for the children to fill in the blanks. They fill in what the buildings look like, what the streets are made from, and what the people creating the shadows look like. Imagination and creativity will take a child far, the world was once flat, entire populations didn't exists; it takes an imagination to see the possibilities of the future.
August 2014


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Fiamma Holdings Berhad said its normalized net income for the fiscal third quarter ended June 30 amounted to 1 Malaysian sen per share, a decline of 5.1% from 1 sen per share in the year-earlier period.
Normalized net income, which excludes unusual gains or losses on a pre- and after-tax basis, was 5.6 million ringgits, an increase from 5.3 million ringgits in the year-earlier period.
The normalized profit margin fell to 6.6% from 6.7% in the year-earlier period.
Total revenue increased 5.4% year over year to 83.8 million ringgits from 79.5 million ringgits, and total operating expenses rose 5.9% on an annual basis to 73.2 million ringgits from 69.2 million ringgits.
Reported net income increased 6.6% year over year to 6.4 million ringgits, or 1 sen per share, from 6.0 million ringgits, or 1 sen per share.
As of Aug. 21, US$1 was equivalent to 4.29 ringgits.


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UP Board Class 11 Biology Syllabus is prescribed under the UPMSP Board Class 11. The syllabus all major topics such as diversity of the living world, human function, plant organisms, etc. The topics that are covered in Class 11 are mentioned in the syllabus with its subtopics and concepts defined.
UP Board Class 11 Biology Syllabus 2021-2022
The syllabus includes proper information about the course along with the time frame given for each topic. By going through the Syllabus 2021-2022, the Class 11 Biology students will get a complete overview of what is expected from them for that academic year.
Here, we have listed the link to access the PDF version of the UP Board Class 11 Biology Syllabus 2021-22 in Hindi.
UP Board Class 11 Biology Revised Syllabus 2021-2022 pdf(Hindi Medium)
UP Board Class 11 Biology Syllabus Marks Distribution 2021-22
Along with the topics, the syllabus also provides information about practical assignments and projects. Knowing the syllabus beforehand helps students to prepare properly for the exam so that they can score good marks in their Class 11 Biology paper. Any student who has proper knowledge of the syllabus will be able to manage better not just the upcoming class test exam but also the whole academic year by dividing the time in a more convenient manner. Here, the marks' distribution is from 2021-22 exams.
Find also the marks' distribution in Hindi and English, as per the previous year syllabus and marking scheme 2020-21/
जीव विज्ञान कक्षा 11 पाठ्यक्रम का अंक वितरण 2020-21
We have also given a screenshot of the UP Board Class 11 Biology Marks Distribution in English.
Liked this page on "UP Board Class 11 Biology Syllabus"? Do let us know in the comments. Moreover, stay tuned for more updates on UP Board Exams. Download BYJU'S App for interesting Science & Maths videos.
Important Links to refer:
UP Board Class 11 Syllabus (All Subjects) |
Download UP Board Class 11 Books |
UP Board Class 11 Previous Year Qs Papers |
UP Board Solutions For Class 11 |


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Hot desk for the day, or reserve a Dedicated Desk space across thousands of locations.
Depending on how virtual or physical your presence needs to be, we have a package to suit your business.
Meeting rooms to suit any purpose, anywhere in the world. Available by the hour, the day – or as long as you need.
Impress your clients with our fully equipped meeting rooms in Las Pinas. Our professional receptionists will warmly welcome them on arrival. Benefit from the varied transport network, with the developing LRT Line 1 rail route offering a direct commute for clients and colleagues.
Set every gathering up for success with our modern meeting rooms in Las Pinas. Book your workspace on the move via our app, and add teas and coffees to fuel productivity. Bring your ideas to life with flat-screen TVs, projectors and the latest videoconferencing equipment – our on-site support team will ensure everything runs smoothly.
Our team is ready to answer your questions.
Yes, you can book a meeting room from a minimum of one hour up to an entire week at our business centres in Las Pinas. Simply book online, by phone or via the Regus app.
We recommend booking your meeting room in advance to ensure a space is available for you and your guests. When you book in advance, you also have the option to customise the layout of the room and arrange any catering or refreshment requirements.


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Organic Merino Wool Worsted
The wool from our own flock of Merino sheep is triple-washed clean before the ladies of Handspun Hope begin creating yarn using the age-old craft of spinning with only wheels and hand tools.
This project gives over 120 women, most of them widows and orphaned survivors of the Genocide against the Tutsi, dignified employment. Handspun Hope is a certified member of the Fair Trade Federation, which guarantees fair wages and working conditions for the artisans.
*Worsted weight
*Approx 100 grams / 3.53 oz
*Approx 121 m / 123 yds
*Knit 7 US / 4.5 mm 20 S, 25 R
*Crochet J-10 US / 6 mm
*Hand wash
*Dry flat in shade
*Do not iron
Handspun Hope is a sustainable fashion brand committed to ethically sourced materials and that have minimal impact on the environment.


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One of the C compiler that I use <OT>(Keil's CX51)</OTbarks at
#define a(b) b
int main(void){return a(
#if 0
More generally, this compiler seems confused by any preprocessing
directive in the middle of macro arguments, which comes handy e.g. to
conditionaly select one of several arguments passed to a macro.
Is it a compiler bug? Where does C89 define if this is valid or not?
Francois Grieu


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As an energy consultant, I have encountered numerous people who are confused about the term 'megajoule'. Many people have a vague idea that it refers to energy, but they are not very sure about how much energy a megajoule actually is.
In this article, I will explain the concept of a megajoule, how it is measured, and provide some comparisons to help you understand how much energy is equivalent to a megajoule.
The basics of energy and joules
Before we dive into megajoules, let's first understand what energy is and how it is measured. In simplest terms, energy is the ability to do work. It is what makes things move, heat up, and light up.
Energy is measured in joules (J), which is a unit that represents the amount of work required to move an object a certain distance. The more joules, the more energy.
Megajoules: 1 million Joules
A megajoule (MJ) is a unit of energy that is equal to one million joules. It is often used as a standard unit of measurement for large amounts of energy.
For example, one megajoule is the amount of energy required to lift a mass of one metric ton to a height of 100 meters. Alternatively, it is the amount of energy required to run a 1000W electric heater for one hour.
Comparisons to help you understand
Now that you know what a megajoule is, let's put it into perspective with some everyday examples.
- One megajoule is enough energy to power a 100W light bulb for 10 hours.
- It takes approximately 0.2 megajoules to boil a liter of water.
- A small apple has about 0.3 megajoules of energy.
- A gallon of gasoline contains around 130 megajoules of energy.
Q: How does a megajoule compare to other units of measurement?
A: One megajoule is equal to 0.2778 kilowatt-hours, 947.817 BTUs, or 0.2390 kilocalories.
Q: Can a megajoule be negative?
A: No, energy cannot be negative. However, it can be converted to negative work if the energy is used to slow down or stop an object's motion.
Q: How is energy measured in different countries?
A: Different countries use different units of measurement for energy. The most common units are joules, calories, and BTUs.
A megajoule is a unit of energy that is equal to one million joules. It is often used as a standard unit of measurement for large amounts of energy. Hopefully, this article has helped you understand how much energy is equivalent to a megajoule and how it compares to other units of measurement. Remember, energy is a fundamental part of our lives and understanding its basic concepts can help us make better choices in our daily lives.


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- Veterinary Science Collected Works - Research Publications
Veterinary Science Collected Works - Research Publications
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ItemAn empirical analysis of the use of agricultural mobile applications among smallholder farmers in MyanmarThar, SP ; Ramilan, T ; Farquharson, RJ ; Pang, A ; Chen, D (WILEY, 2021-03)Abstract Mobile phone applications (apps) designed to assist smallholder farmers improve decision‐making have been revolutionizing the agriculture sector. These apps offer solutions to farmer information needs by providing weather information, crop market trends, pest and disease damage identification, and advice on pesticide and fertilizer use. They also facilitate interaction with fellow farmers, extension workers and other stakeholders in the value chain who are interested in information exchange. Much previous research has investigated the contribution of mobile apps to agricultural production. This study explored the agricultural mobile apps available in Myanmar, analyzed factors affecting their use and assessed the potential for farm‐based decision support. Our findings indicate that when introducing mobile‐based tools, focus should be given to younger, more educated farmers growing more specialized crops. The main constraints to adopt agricultural apps are lack of access to smartphone and/or internet (63%) and lack of digital knowledge (20%). However, smallholder farmers in Myanmar were optimistic and positive toward agricultural apps for effective utilization. We also found that majority of the surveyed farmers were familiar with information received through Facebook groups. Incorporating useful information and functions from an agricultural mobile app to a Facebook Page could have a more useful and sustainable impact.
ItemPrevalence and associated risk factors of Bovine mastitis in dairy cows in and around Assosa town, Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, Western EthiopiaTezera, M ; Aman Ali, E (WILEY, 2021-07)BACKGROUND: Mastitis, a complex disease of multifactorial aetiology, is one of the most costly diseases in the dairy industry worldwide. It can be categorized as clinical and subclinical type relying on the clinical sign. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of mastitis and to identify its intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors in dairy cows in and around Assosa town, Western Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was followed to address the objectives of the study. A total of 367 lactating cows were selected using simple random and systematic sampling techniques. Thorough clinical examination and California Mastitis Test (CMT) were deployed for detection of both clinical and subclinical mastitis, respectively. RESULTS: Based on CMT result and clinical examination the cow level prevalence of mastitis was 40.3% (n = 148), of which 11.99% (n = 44) and 28.34% (n = 104) were clinical and subclinical mastitis respectively. The corresponding quarter-level prevalence was determined to be 26.9% (n = 394), comprising 11.99% (n = 176) clinical and 14.85% (n = 218) subclinical mastitis. The Chi-square analysis of intrinsic risk factors revealed statistically significant differences (p <.05) in the prevalence of mastitis among breed, stage of lactation and body condition score. Likewise, production system, previous mastitis exposure, hygiene practice and type of floor were extrinsic risk factors significantly associated with the occurrence of mastitis. CONCLUSIONS: In general, this study revealed a high prevalence of bovine mastitis in the study area. Thus, the current study shows the need for applying feasible mastitis intervention strategy with special emphasis on sub-clinical mastitis and associated risk factors.
ItemNo Preview AvailableChemical pollution: A growing peril and potential catastrophic risk to humanityNaidu, R ; Biswas, B ; Willett, IR ; Cribb, J ; Singh, BK ; Nathanail, CP ; Coulon, F ; Semple, KT ; Jones, KC ; Barclay, A ; Aitken, RJ (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2021-11)Anthropogenic chemical pollution has the potential to pose one of the largest environmental threats to humanity, but global understanding of the issue remains fragmented. This article presents a comprehensive perspective of the threat of chemical pollution to humanity, emphasising male fertility, cognitive health and food security. There are serious gaps in our understanding of the scale of the threat and the risks posed by the dispersal, mixture and recombination of chemicals in the wider environment. Although some pollution control measures exist they are often not being adopted at the rate needed to avoid chronic and acute effects on human health now and in coming decades. There is an urgent need for enhanced global awareness and scientific scrutiny of the overall scale of risk posed by chemical usage, dispersal and disposal.
ItemNo Preview AvailableAbsence of high priority critically important antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella sp. isolated from Australian commercial egg layer environmentsVeltman, T ; Jordan, D ; McDevitt, CA ; Bell, J ; Howden, BP ; Valcanis, M ; O'Dea, M ; Abraham, S ; Scott, P ; Kovac, JH ; Chia, R ; Combs, B ; Chousalkar, K ; Wilson, T ; Trott, DJ (ELSEVIER, 2021-02-16)The development of antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens is a growing public health concern. This study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica isolated from the Australian commercial egg layer industry. S. enterica subspecies enterica (n=307) isolated from Australian commercial layer flock environments (2015-2018) were obtained from reference, research and State Government laboratories from six Australian states. All Salmonella isolates were serotyped. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for 16 antimicrobial agents was performed by broth microdilution. Antimicrobial resistance genes and sequence types (STs) were identified in significant isolates by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Three main serotypes were detected, S. Typhimurium (n=61, 19.9%), S. Senftenburg (n=45, 14.7%) and S. Agona (n=37, 12.1%). AST showed 293/307 (95.4%) isolates were susceptible to all tested antimicrobial agents and all isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate, azithromycin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, colistin, florfenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Low levels of non-susceptibility were observed to streptomycin (2.3%, n=7), sulfisoxazole (2.0%, n=6), chloramphenicol (1.3%, n=4) and tetracycline (1.0%, n=3). Very low levels of non-susceptibility were observed to ampicillin (2/307; 0.7%) and cefoxitin (2/307; 0.7%). Two isolates (S. Havana and S. Montevideo), exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes to streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and tetracycline and possessed corresponding antimicrobial resistance genes (aadA4, aac(6')-Iaa, sul1, tetB). One S. Typhimurium isolate was resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline, and possessed both tetA and blaTEM-1B. WGS also identified these isolates as belonging to ST4 (S. Montevideo), ST578 (S. Havana) and ST19 (S. Typhimurium). The absence of resistance to highest priority critically important antimicrobials as well as the extremely low level of AMR generally among Australian commercial egg layer Salmonella isolates likely reflect Australia's conservative antimicrobial registration policy in food-producing animals and low rates of antimicrobial use within the industry.
ItemCBM: An IoT Enabled LiDAR Sensor for In-Field Crop Height and Biomass Measurements.Banerjee, BP ; Spangenberg, G ; Kant, S (MDPI AG, 2021-12-29)The phenotypic characterization of crop genotypes is an essential, yet challenging, aspect of crop management and agriculture research. Digital sensing technologies are rapidly advancing plant phenotyping and speeding-up crop breeding outcomes. However, off-the-shelf sensors might not be fully applicable and suitable for agricultural research due to the diversity in crop species and specific needs during plant breeding selections. Customized sensing systems with specialized sensor hardware and software architecture provide a powerful and low-cost solution. This study designed and developed a fully integrated Raspberry Pi-based LiDAR sensor named CropBioMass (CBM), enabled by internet of things to provide a complete end-to-end pipeline. The CBM is a low-cost sensor, provides high-throughput seamless data collection in field, small data footprint, injection of data onto the remote server, and automated data processing. The phenotypic traits of crop fresh biomass, dry biomass, and plant height that were estimated by CBM data had high correlation with ground truth manual measurements in a wheat field trial. The CBM is readily applicable for high-throughput plant phenotyping, crop monitoring, and management for precision agricultural applications.
ItemA pilot study comparing the pharmacokinetics of injectable cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin associated with a trace mineral injection in cattleGonzalez-Rivas, PA ; Chambers, M ; Liu, J (WILEY, 2021-05)Injectable vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is traditionally used to prevent or treat vitamin B12 deficiencies in ruminants. Sheep and human studies have demonstrated the superiority of a single dose of hydroxocobalamin (OHB12) over cyanocobalamin (CNB12) in maintaining high levels of cobalamin in plasma and liver. However, limited data are available for cattle. The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of two forms of cobalamin-OHB12 and CNB12-as a single subcutaneous injection of 28 µg/kg BW at the same time of a trace mineral injection in six non-cobalt/B12 -deficient Holstein-Friesian steers. Plasma and liver samples were obtained to determine cobalamin concentration after treatment. Cyanocobalamin had lower retention in plasma and liver than OHB12 (p < .05). Cobalamin levels peaked in plasma by 8 h after treatment in both groups. However, OHB12 reached a higher peak compared to CNB12. Levels of cobalamin in plasma dropped closer to baseline levels 24 h after CNB12 treatment while OHB12 maintained higher concentrations. Hydroxocobalamin increased significantly hepatic concentration of cobalamin 28 days after treatment, while CNB12 did not increase liver levels relative to pre-treatment (p < .05). These results confirm that a single subcutaneous OHB12 injection increases the level of cobalamin in the blood in the first 24 hours, and this increase is maintained in the liver for at least 28 days.
ItemActive and Passive Electro-Optical Sensors for Health Assessment in Food CropsFahey, T ; Pham, H ; Gardi, A ; Sabatini, R ; Stefanelli, D ; Goodwin, I ; Lamb, DW (MDPI, 2021-01)In agriculture, early detection of plant stresses is advantageous in preventing crop yield losses. Remote sensors are increasingly being utilized for crop health monitoring, offering non-destructive, spatialized detection and the quantification of plant diseases at various levels of measurement. Advances in sensor technologies have promoted the development of novel techniques for precision agriculture. As in situ techniques are surpassed by multispectral imaging, refinement of hyperspectral imaging and the promising emergence of light detection and ranging (LIDAR), remote sensing will define the future of biotic and abiotic plant stress detection, crop yield estimation and product quality. The added value of LIDAR-based systems stems from their greater flexibility in capturing data, high rate of data delivery and suitability for a high level of automation while overcoming the shortcomings of passive systems limited by atmospheric conditions, changes in light, viewing angle and canopy structure. In particular, a multi-sensor systems approach and associated data fusion techniques (i.e., blending LIDAR with existing electro-optical sensors) offer increased accuracy in plant disease detection by focusing on traditional optimal estimation and the adoption of artificial intelligence techniques for spatially and temporally distributed big data. When applied across different platforms (handheld, ground-based, airborne, ground/aerial robotic vehicles or satellites), these electro-optical sensors offer new avenues to predict and react to plant stress and disease. This review examines the key sensor characteristics, platform integration options and data analysis techniques recently proposed in the field of precision agriculture and highlights the key challenges and benefits of each concept towards informing future research in this very important and rapidly growing field.
ItemCarbon (δ13C) dynamics in agroecosystems under traditional and minimum tillage systems: a reviewSmith, CJ ; Chalk, PM (CSIRO PUBLISHING, 2021)Following cultivation, substantial loss of soil organic matter occurs in surface soil layers. No-till is an agronomic practice to reverse or slow the loss of soil organic matter. We reviewed 95 research papers that used 13C natural abundance of soils to quantify the impact of tillage on the C dynamics of cropping systems. New C (from current cropping systems) accumulated in the surface soil under no-till, whereas the most extreme cultivation (mouldboard ploughing) mixed new C throughout the soil. There was a decline in soil C with years of cultivation. Compared with land that had been tilled, no-till generally had little impact on the accumulation on soil organic C. Tillage and residue retention caused stratification in C stocks that depended on tillage depth, with the highest C concentrations and stocks found in the surface under no-till. Shifts in the δ13C signature indicated significant exchange of 'new' C for the original (old) C. Tillage methods had no impact on the size and δ13C signature of the microbial biomass pool. Change in δ13C indicates that microbial biomass rapidly incorporates new carbon. The largest change in the δ13C values (Δ13C) was observed in the coarse sand fraction, whereas the smallest change occurred in the clay fraction. Comparison of conventional vs no-till showed inconsistent results on the effect of tillage on C in the different particle size fractions. Natural 13C abundance data show that no-till cropping systems do not result in increases in soil organic C in the top 0.30 m of soil.
ItemDual Pathway Model of Responses Between Climate Change and Livestock ProductionIyiola-Tunji, AO ; Adamu, JI ; John, PA ; Muniru, I (Springer International Publishing, 2021)Abstract This chapter was aimed at evaluating the responses of livestock to fluctuations in climate and the debilitating effect of livestock production on the environment. Survey of livestock stakeholders (farmers, researchers, marketers, and traders) was carried out in Sahel, Sudan, Northern Guinea Savannah, Southern Guinea Savannah, and Derived Savannah zones of Nigeria. In total, 362 respondents were interviewed between April and June 2020. The distribution of the respondents was 22 in Sahel, 57 in Sudan, 61 in Northern Guinea Savannah, 80 in Southern Guinea Savannah, and 106 in Derived Savannah. The respondents were purposively interviewed based on their engagement in livestock production, research or trading activities. Thirty-eight years' climate data from 1982 to 2019 were obtained from Nigerian Metrological Agency, Abuja. Ilela, Kiyawa, and Sabon Gari were chosen to represent Sahel, Sudan, and Northern Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria, respectively. The data contained precipitation, relative humidity, and minimum and maximum temperature. The temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated using the formula: THI = 0.8*T + RH*(T-14.4) + 46.4, where T = ambient or dry-bulb temperature in °C and RH=relative humidity expressed as a proportion. Three Machine Learning model were built to predict the monthly minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and relative humidity respectively based on information from the previous 11 months. The methodology adopted is to treat each prediction task as a supervised learning problem. This involves transforming the time series data into a feature-target dataset using autoregressive (AR) technique. The major component of the activities of livestock that was known to cause injury to the environment as depicted in this chapter was the production of greenhouse gases. From the respondents in this chapter, some adaptive measures were stated as having controlling and mitigating effect at reducing the effect of activities of livestock on the climate and the environment. The environment and climate on the other side of the dual pathway is also known to induce stress on livestock. The concept of crop-livestock integration system is advocated in this chapter as beneficial to livestock and environment in the short and long run. Based on the predictive model developed for temperature and relative humidity in a sample location (Ilela) using Machine Learning in this chapter, there is need for development of a web or standalone application that will be useable by Nigerian farmers, meteorological agencies, and extension organizations as climate fluctuation early warning system. Development of this predictive model needs to be expanded and made functional.
ItemMachine learning regression analysis for estimation of crop emergence using multispectral uav imageryBanerjee, BP ; Sharma, V ; Spangenberg, G ; Kant, S (MDPI AG, 2021-08-01)Optimal crop emergence is an important trait in crop breeding for genotypic screening and for achieving potential growth and yield. Emergence is conventionally quantified manually by counting the sub-sections of field plots or scoring; these are less reliable, laborious and inefficient. Remote sensing technology is being increasingly used for high-throughput estimation of agronomic traits in field crops. This study developed a method for estimating wheat seedlings using multispectral images captured from an unmanned aerial vehicle. A machine learning regression (MLR) analysis was used by combining spectral and morphological information extracted from the multispectral images. The approach was tested on diverse wheat genotypes varying in seedling emergence. In this study, three supervised MLR models including regression trees, support vector regression and Gaussian process regression (GPR) were evaluated for estimating wheat seedling emergence. The GPR model was the most effective compared to the other methods, with R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 4.07 and MAE = 3.21 when correlated to the manual seedling count. In addition, imagery data collected at multiple flight altitudes and different wheat growth stages suggested that 10 m altitude and 20 days after sowing were desirable for optimal spatial resolution and image analysis. The method is deployable on larger field trials and other crops for effective and reliable seedling emergence estimates.
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Composite decks are quickly becoming one of the most popular choices for homeowners looking to enhance the aesthetics of their exterior. They offer many benefits over traditional wooden alternatives, making them an appealing option for many homeowners.
Why Composite Decking?
One of the biggest benefits of composite decks is that they are low-maintenance. Many composite decks are made from a combination of wood and plastic, making them resistant to rot, splintering, and fading. This means you won't have to spend time and money staining and painting your deck, lowering Deck Repair in the long term.
Composite decks are also more durable than wooden alternatives and are designed to stand up to the elements. They can withstand extreme temperatures and heavy foot traffic, making them a great choice for busy households.
These decks are also available in a variety of colors and styles, making it easy to find one that fits your home and design preferences. Many composite decks come with a warranty, so you can be sure your deck will last for years to come.
Composite decks offer many benefits over traditional wooden decks, making them an appealing option for many homeowners. They are a great option for individuals looking to maintain a homely look with their residence due to their ability to perfectly mimic wood. For the best deck-building services in the industry, call us today! Dexksos, your top rated contractor!


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Annually around 1 million people die from TB with MDR-TB and XDR-TB (extensive drug-resistant-TB) claiming most of the lives. Both India and China have sufficiently scaled up DOTS programme that is internationally recommended approach to contain TB.
"In terms of the burden of the MDR-TB, China and India have the highest incidence in the world," said Pillippe Glaziou, a senior epidemiologist at the WHO. "There is an urgent need to scale-up the treatment for MDR-TB patients who are easily prone HIV/AIDS," he told reporters.
WHO chief Margaret Chan said that there is an urgent need to step up actions to contain the disease as "10 million people, including 4 million women and children, will lose their lives unnecessarily between now and 2015 if we fail."
In its latest report on 'The Global Plan To Stop TB 2011-2015,' the WHO said it needs around USD 37 billion for implementation of the DOTS programme and other health-related assistance for TB patients and USD 9 billion for research and development of new medicines.
But the diagnosis and treatment for a killer disease like MDR-TB has proved to be extremely costly and beyond the reach of poor people in India and China, requiring a greater and committed effort through public funding.
While China has the largest number of patients with XDR-TB, the picture is not clear in the case of India as there are no official statistics.
"However, only USD 14 billion is spent for TB treatment and USD 7 billion for development of new medicines," Glaziou told reporters, arguing that "we do have a problem in developing new drugs and manufacturing of TB drugs faces several bottlenecks."
The so-called research-based pharmaceutical companies are averse to pouring funds into developing new TB drugs because of the low returns in poor countries of Africa. Even in India and China, a large majority of the TB patients are from the poorest sections of the society.


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Ian Wright has labelled Liverpool right-back Trent Alexander-Arnold as 'fantastic' but believes Reece James is keeping him out of the England team.
Speaking after England's 5-0 defeat of Albania at Wembley on Friday night, the former Arsenal man said on ITV Sport (via Liverpool Echo): "He [James] is keeping someone like Trent Alexander-Arnold out, who is a fantastic player himself. He's got everything. His delivery is amazing, his closing down.
"He's got the ability and strength to progress the ball, he's so combative. He's a super player."
The Chelsea fullback played 80 minutes on the right hand side of a five-man defence and assisted Harry Maguire for the Three Lions' opening goal.
The 21-year-old, who has four Premier League goals to his name this season, including two stunning strikes in a recent victory over Newcastle, has been in great form for his club this term and is one of the main reasons behind why Thomas Tuchel's side are three points clear at the top of the league.
In an attempt to try and accommodate both James and Trent into the starting-XI, England manager Gareth Southgate did opt to play our No.66 in midfield against Andorra back in September, very much to the bemusement of Jurgen Klopp.
At the time, the former Mainz head coach questioned why the Three Lions boss would want to play 'the best right back in the world' in midfield.
TAA has performed consistently for the Reds this season and scored a stunning free-kick against West Ham prior to the international break.
Of course, it would be nice to see him playing for the national team but maybe a rest for the 'scouser in our team' will do him the world of good heading into the busy festive period.


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Westpac and Thrive Partnership to Help Refugees Start Businesses
Banking giant Westpac and refugee microfinancing charity Thrive have joined forces in a $2 million partnership to support refugees to establish their own businesses in Australia.
Westpac has also seconded a chief operating officer (COO) to develop all elements of Thrive's operations, from credit policies to loan documents, and help establish it as a stand-alone entity.
Westpac said it would provide funding without…


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Listen Here | From Renegade Marketers Unite, Episode 329: Pump Up the Product-Led Growth!
To the extent that you can create a self-guided buying experience, the happier your customers and potential customers will be. That's one of the big ideas that drive Product-Led Growth (PLG for short), the topic we cover in this episode featuring CMOs Michael Callahan of Acronis and Allyson Havener of TrustRadius.
Michael and Allyson's insights into marketing's role in driving PLG are a must-listen for marketers no matter who you work for and how you go to market. Tune in to learn how to optimize your PLG efforts to nurture prospects, drive adoption and upsell, and bring your B2B organization to new heights!
For full show notes and transcripts, visit https://renegade.com/podcasts/
CMO Huddles is a DBA of Renegade, LLC. 1397 2nd Ave #177, New York, NY 10021


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To watch movies online, you have to register for Xmovies8. This is free of charge and allows you to view all the material on the website. To create an account, you have to select a username, a password, and an email address. Then, you can search for your favorite movies, click on it, and watch it! The site is also free, so there's no reason to not try it out!
Streaming is easy with Xmovies8. You can choose to stream movies in HD quality without any ads. You can even find upcoming movies, TV shows, and series. With filters for genre, rating, and release year, you can easily find the right movie to watch. You can also control the playback speed. And if you like a certain movie, you can save it to your watchlist and play it whenever you want!
You can also browse movies on Xmovies8 by country. If you're a US resident, the site contains movies from Taiwan and China. The site also offers US movies for those in the US. In addition to that, it's easy to find movies in other countries, including yours. There's even a search bar! But how do you know which country to watch in? That's what I had to ask.
If you don't know where to watch movies in HD, you can always download them. Many sites offer free movies, but you'll find Xmovies8's collection is the largest online. It offers a wide range of movies and TV shows, including latest releases and free series. Xmovies8 is comparable to paid websites, but you don't have to register. The free service is enough to watch movies online without having to pay a dime!


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Model rocketry enthusiasts in Washington state may be questioning the legality of their passion. With varying laws and rules across states, it is important to understand the specific regulations in place for our area. In this guide, we will clarify the legal aspects of indulging in model rocketry within the state of Washington and provide you with necessary information to enjoy your hobby safely and responsibly.
Model Rockets, Legal In Washington Table of Contents
Model Rocketry in Washington State
Understanding the Basics
To better comprehend the legal stipulations surrounding model rocketry in Washington, it is vital to understand the distinction among various types of model rockets. Based on their size and power, model rockets are classified into three categories:
- Model Rockets: These rockets are small and powered by low-impulse motors. Their design, size, and propellant weight make them suitable for recreational use by hobbyists.
- High-Power Rockets: Larger and more powerful than model rockets, high-power rockets require certification by the National Association of Rocketry (NAR) or Tripoli Rocketry Association (TRA).
- Large High-Power Rockets: These rockets exceed the maximum limits of high-power rockets. They require advanced certifications and approvals to be operated legally.
Washington State Laws and Regulations
Washington state has specific regulations in place for the safe and legal operation of model rockets. As per Washington Model Rocketry Law (RCW 70.77.120), model rockets are defined as "structurally complete, reusable rockets which ascend into the air without the use of aerodynamic lifting forces against gravity". This regulation also stipulates that:
- Model rockets must weigh no more than 1,500 grams.
- They must contain a motor with a propellant weight not exceeding 62.5 grams.
- The maximum average thrust must not exceed 80 newtons.
In addition, Washington state law (WAC 212-17-041) requires that anyone launching a model rocket must comply with applicable federal regulations, guidelines, and safety codes, including:
- Model Rocketry Safety Code as prescribed by the National Association of Rocketry (NAR).
- Compliance with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations for airspace clearance and altitude restrictions.
Operating Model Rockets Safely
Regardless of the type of model rocket you possess, it is crucial to prioritize safety while engaging in this hobby. Washington state law (WAC 212-17-050) has set forth certain safety requirements to ensure responsible model rocketry practice. These requirements include:
- Adult supervision for individuals under the age of 18 operating a model rocket.
- Launching only on private property with the owner's permission, or on land specifically designated for model rocketry use.
- Properly securing your launch pad and employing safety protocols, such as a 5-second countdown before ignition.
- Utilizing appropriate recovery systems to bring the rocket back to the ground.
Model Rockets, Legal In Washington? Example:
Imagine you are a model rocket enthusiast living in Washington state. You have carefully chosen your rocket to fit within the model rocket classification, ensuring it weighs no more than 1,500 grams and contains a motor with a propellant weight of no more than 62.5 grams. You are eager to launch your rocket, and you adhere to the following safety guidelines to ensure a responsible and legal experience:
- Obtain permission from the owner of a suitable piece of private property for your launch.
- Familiarize yourself with the NAR Model Rocketry Safety Code and practice its guidelines.
- Ensure adult supervision for any participants under the age of 18.
- Conduct a 5-second countdown and proper safety checks before launching your rocket.
- Monitor the rocket throughout its flight and subsequent recovery, being prepared to step in if any issues arise.
Now that you are well-informed about the legality of model rockets in Washington state, you can confidently pursue your passion for rocketry. Remember to adhere to both state and federal regulations, keeping safety as your top priority. Don't forget to share this article with fellow rocket enthusiasts and continue to explore other informative guides on Austin Rockets. Together, we can elevate and expand the wonderful world of model rocketry!


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Internet of Things (IoT) based smart health monitoring system is a patient monitoring system in which a patient can be monitored 24 hours. In the present world, IoT is changing the infrastructure of technologies. By facilitating effortless interaction among various modules, IoT has enabled us to implement various complex systems such as smart home appliances, smart traffic control systems, smart office systems, smart environment, smart vehicles and smart temperature control systems and so on in very little space. Health monitoring systems are one of the most notable applications of IoT. Many types of designs and patterns have already been implemented to monitor a patient's health condition through IoT. In this paper, a review of IoT based smart health monitoring systems is presented. The latest innovative technologies developed for IoT based smart health monitoring system with their merits and demerits have been discussed. This review aims to highlight the common design and implementation patterns of intelligent IoT based smart health monitoring devices for patients.
intelligent smart health monitoring, internet of things, ECG sensor, temperature sensor, pulse sensor, review
Internet of Things (IoT) is now a reliable technological standard and a heavily researched field. Sensors are being used almost everywhere in the present time, from everyday products to industrial monitoring systems. The use of IoT and sensor-based intensive health care systems are increasing rapidly [1]. IoT makes our life smarter, more efficient and easier. Using a smartphone as the data computing platform, the prototype model [2] provides user-friendly voice recognition and alert functionalities.
Several life-threatening diseases can be easily monitored by IoT based systems. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a common disease which is the cause behind most of the deaths in the world. At present, with the revolution of information and technology, smartphone-based health monitoring systems are becoming more popular. These systems can be used to collect real-time health information and give feedback to patients and medical specialists [3]. Allowing every single person to examine their health, and advising them to find immediate treatment in case of emergencies, can result in saving that person's life. The use of these monitoring systems can decrease medical fees for the nation in the long run [4]. Nowadays, due to widespread mobile internet access, the combination of mobile internet with a health service system using android open-source design has become very easy [5]. In recent years, Electrocardiography (ECG) has become an easily accessible service for everyone. By recognizing the small difference in voltage generated by the cardiac muscle, an ECG can properly determine the heart's functionality. Using a smart device, doctors and patients can continuously observe the heart rate and can get important data and take proper steps to prevent severe damages [6]. Heart rate and body temperature are some of the most important traits of the human body which are major contributors to determining a patient's health condition. The number of heart bits per minute is denoted as the heart rate of the patient. It is also referred to as the pulse rate of the body. The normal pulse rate of a healthy adult is 60 to 100 beats per minute. The average human pulse rate is 70 beats per minute for males and 75 beats per minute are for females. Females aged 12 and older have faster heart rates than males [7]. The rate changes with illness, due to damage to body, heart, and exercise. Hence heart rate is essential in determining one's health condition. Diabetes is a very common disease throughout the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are about 422 million people in the world suffering from diabetes and the amount is increasing day by day [8].
Smart health monitoring devices determine the health condition i.e. rate of the pulse, body temperature, respiratory rate, blood glucose rate, the position of the body, ECG, EEG, and other things by using sensors. The sensors are connected and controlled through various microcontroller-based systems such as Arduino, raspberry pi, etc. The microcontroller collects the data using sensors. The collected biomedical data is usually stored in servers [9]. From the stored data, the device can decide whether the patient's condition is normal or abnormal. This device provides real-time health care observation for doctors and medical assistants where they can use the data anytime. Here the main advantage is that the device has low power consumption, better performance, high sensitivity and easy set up [10].
It is assumed that by 2020 there will be about 26 to 50 billion network-connected devices and 100 billion by 2030 [11]. Raspberry pi is the most common platform for IoT. It is a Linux-based low-cost device. Raspberry Pi and IoT have collectively ushered a new era in the field of healthcare systems. With the combination of sensors such as pulse rate sensor, temperature sensor, accelerometer, and respiration sensor, a Raspberry Pi can be transformed into a mini-clinic. These systems are being used in many parts of the world [12]. Microcontroller units (MCU) are being used as the main controller of the systems but they do not support parallel data handling.
Handling multisensory data in a parallel way can reduce time. A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is such a circuit that has a real-time performance and unique hardware logic control system. Hence, FPGA has now become more famous than MCU in multi-sensor data handling in the IoT environment. For these reasons, new advancements have been made using FPGA rather than MCU [13].
A general architecture of a smart health monitoring system has been illustrated in Figure 1. Different types of sensors have been used in different types of health monitoring systems. In Figure 1, the sensors collect data from the patient and send those data to the processing unit. The processing unit compares those data with previously-stored cloud data and detects the health condition of patients. The system provides feedback after determining the condition of the patient.
In this paper, we are going to focus on IoT based healthcare systems that employ sensors, smartphones, and microcontroller unit based approaches, working procedures of the reviewed systems, the limitation and the working capability of each system.
The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: Section II describes IoT in health care systems. Section III describes the literature on developing healthcare systems including taxonomy and components. Section IV, V and VI demonstrate sensor-based, smartphone-based and microcontroller-based healthcare systems. The discussion and future recommendations are provided in Section VII. Finally, the review is concluded in Section VIII.
Table 1. Summary of the reviewed smart health monitoring systems
Author |
Year |
Feedback Device |
Major Hardware Components |
Uses |
Cost |
Moser and Melliar-Smith [4] |
2015 |
Smartphone |
Blood pressure sensor, body weight sensor, pulse oximeter, glucometer, accelerometer |
Chronic disease progression |
Cost- effective |
Kong et al. [5] |
2016 |
Mobile phone |
Wi-Fi module, Bluetooth, RFID, ECG, blood pressure |
Chronic disease |
Low cost |
Turner et al. [6] |
2017 |
Smartphone |
Heart rate sensor, Bluetooth, microcontroller, electrode pads, display |
Cardiovascular disease |
Costly |
Kumar et al. [9] |
2017 |
Monitor |
Arduino Uno, temperature sensor, heart rate sensor, body position sensor, Wi-Fi module, |
Heart problem, noise detection |
High cost |
Penmatsa and Reddy [10] |
2016 |
Smartphone, laptop, VGA display |
ECG, Bluetooth, temperature sensor, heart rate sensor, Arduino, bio-sensor |
Detecting abnormalities in heart |
Low cost |
Kumar and Rajasekaran [12] |
2016 |
Monitor |
Raspberry pi, heartbeat sensor, temperature sensor, respiration sensor, accelerometer |
Respiration rate monitoring |
Expensive |
Desai and Toravi [13] |
2017 |
LCD display |
CPLD,ARM7TDMI-S, temperature sensor, gas sensor, heartbeat sensor, raspberry pi |
Pulse, temperature and smoke detection |
Expensive |
Wu et al. [18] |
2019 |
Smartphone |
Raspberry pi, Lo-Ra module, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pulse sensor, WSN, WDM, UV, CO2 sensor |
Hearing loss, headache, rapid pulse rate detection |
Costly |
Ahouandjinou et al. [19] |
2016 |
Monitor |
ECG, pulse sensor, temperature, camera, environmental sensor, Bluetooth, ZigBee, RFID |
Heart problem, fever detection |
Costly |
Mehta et al. [22] |
2012 |
Smartphone |
Accelerometer, voice sensor, microphone, |
Hyper functional disorder detection |
Low cost |
Gao et al. [23] |
2013 |
Smartphone |
ECG, Bluetooth, heart rate sensor, |
Cardiovascular disease |
Low cost |
Trivedi and Cheeran [25] |
2017 |
Mobile app |
Body temperature, Bluetooth, Arduino Uno |
Fever, hypothermia |
Cost- effective |
Sabbir et al. [26] |
2016 |
Mobile app |
Arduino Uno, glucometer, Bluetooth, display |
Diabetes mellitus |
Low cost |
Figure 1. System architecture of the health monitoring systems
IoT in the health monitoring system has given us a big advantage in the development of modern medical treatment [14]. Due to advances in VLSI technology, the sensors have become smaller which has enabled the development of wearable solutions. Due to consistent internet connectivity, the devices are becoming more efficient and powerful. IoT based health monitoring devices monitor a patient 24/7. At any crucial moment, the devices generate necessary signals by analyzing statistical data [15]. As IoT based devices are constantly connected to the internet, the patients can be remotely monitored and necessary measures can be taken in case of an emergency. IoT based devices can thus provide both detection and emergency response services.
There are significant differences between normal health monitoring systems and IoT based health monitoring systems. Incorporating IoT in health monitoring systems is a challenging task [16]. Some of the challenges are discussed below:
Most of the IoT initiatives have not been successfully implemented yet.
IoT generates a massive amount of data, which requires specialized big data and data warehouse systems for proper management.
Security is a big issue for IoT systems. Hackers can easily obtain sensitive private data of users in case of buggy or outdated security protocols.
Obsolete infrastructure can generate problems as they are not up to date with recent security protocols.
In recent times, many health monitoring systems have been developed to monitor the health condition of patients. We are reviewing some recent works developed in this field.
In this review, all the systems have been classified based on the priority of hardware components, that is, which components have been used more than the others. Therefore, all the systems have been categorized into three different categories as follows:
(1) Sensor-based health monitoring systems,
(2) Smartphone-based health monitoring systems,
(3) Microcontroller-based health monitoring systems.
The taxonomy of the reviewed smart health monitoring system is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Taxonomy of the reviewed smart health monitoring systems
The sensor-based health monitoring system gathers information about the patient's health condition through an electronic data signal and notifies the patient via an audio alarm. Among the various types of sensors, ECG, temperature and pulse rate sensors are widely used. Most of the health monitoring devices used body temperature sensors (Max 30205), pulse rate sensor, temperature sensor (BME 680) [17]. In some health monitoring systems, other sensors such as humidity sensor, RFID sensor, biochemical detecting sensor such as a glucometer, body position sensor, and respiration sensor, CO2 sensors are also used. Wu et al. [18] proposed a wrist wearable body area network (WBAN) architecture for the healthcare system using cloud computing. The system works in both industrial and home environments. However, the developed system is wire connected. Making the device wireless would increase the flexibility of the system. Ahouandjinou et al. [19] proposed a Radio-frequency identification (RFID) based smart intensive care unit (ICU) system that collects medical data in a real-time system. The system has three layers. They are the physical layer, logical layer, and application layer. The physical layer consists of the sensors used for data collection purposes. The data collected by the sensors in the physical layer is processed in the logical layer. The logical layer handles the media access management tasks and inter-sensor communications. The application layer takes actions based on the processed data generated by the logical layer. However, the condition and behavior of the patient cannot be determined in the reviewed system as the system used irrelevant data.
Smartphones are one of the most useful resources in the world. A smartphone normally contains 14 types of sensors [20] and many more sensors are going to be added in the future. The voice monitoring system in a smartphone is a significant feature. Many hardware systems have been developed leveraging the flexibility of this feature. Some of the sensors that are included in a smartphone are the wireless sensor, Bluetooth module, Accelerometer, Fingerprint sensor, Gyroscope, Magnetometer, Barometer, Proximity, GPS tracker, Camera, NFC-near field sensor which are widely used in developing health monitoring systems [21]. Another main advantage of a smartphone is the mass storage facility of a smartphone. Modern smartphones can easily store the patient's data in primary storage. Android-based smartphones can be used for data streaming, device information management, and easy interaction.
Mehta et al. [22] developed a mobile voice health monitoring system using a smartphone that uses the accelerometer sensor. In the reviewed system a miniature accelerometer is used as a voice sensor and the smartphone is used as the data acquisition platform. The system is placed around the neck of the patient. Although this system utilized the frame based vocal parameters, the raw accelerometer data can also be used for monitoring purposes. Gao et al. [23] proposed a multi-lead ECG health monitoring system based on a smartphone. In this system, seven lead real-time ECG is used for acquiring the signal. The sampling rate is up to 500 Hz. Due to the massive amount of ECG data, it is very hard for doctors to detect abnormalities. So, an automatic alarm system is used. The alarm turns on if the system detects abnormal ECG data. However, an average alarm delay (13.37sec) occurs in this system which reduces the accuracy rate. Moser and Melliar-Smith [4] proposed a personal health monitoring system using a smartphone named WellPhone. The device uses speech synthesis and speech recognition technology to communicate with the user. It keeps a record of the semantics and big-data that are related to the data obtained from the measurement device. The data is also stored on the mobile phone. However, the data of Well phone is non-clinical.
Kong et al. [5] designed a mobile phone-based wireless health service system. The system is designed for family health treatment. This system has three parts namely: data communication designation, android mobile client designation, and system server designation. The data communication system processes the communication between the server and the android terminal. The mobile client designation works on the intelligent terminal of the android system. The system server is the webserver which is responsible for the control center and the back-end data management system. However, as the amount of data is huge, SQLite cannot provide satisfactory results. MySQL can be used to overcome this limitation. Turner et al. [6] introduced a continuous heart rate monitoring system. It is an embedded system that uses wireless signals for transmitting the heartbeat of an individual to a smartphone. As the device tracks the continuous heart rate, patients can easily get their real-time heart rate info from the device monitor. However, it doesn't track heart rate continuously and cannot detect cardiovascular disease properly.
Most of the reviewed systems used Android-based smartphones. Android is a mobile operating system based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open-source software, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Android provides easy access to sensor data of smartphones compared to other proprietary operating systems, which is required for easy development of smartphone based health monitoring systems. There are now more than 2.5 billion active Android devices. Android devices now hold 75.85% of the total mobile operating system market share. So, the development of android-based healthcare systems is very feasible.
Microcontrollers are the most common and used devices in health monitoring systems throughout the world. MCU's are very useful for the fast processing of raw sensor data. FPGA is widely used for parallel processing of huge amounts of data. An MCU was used to interface among the sensors [24]. Due to the very small size of microcontrollers, it is effectively used for portable solutions. Today, raspberry pi is one of the most commonly used microcontroller-based platforms in the field of health monitoring systems.
Trivedi and Cheeran [25] proposed an Arduino based health parameter monitoring system controlled by a smartphone application. All the data obtained from sensors are in analog form. The data is sent to the Arduino Uno board. The collected analog values are converted into digital by inbuilt analog to digital converter. The digital values are transferred to a smartphone through Bluetooth. The system used a Bluetooth module which doesn't cover a large area. Sabbir et al. [26] developed an m-Health solution for diabetes patients. It is a home environment system. This device allows a diabetes patient to monitor his/her health condition, physical activities, control diets, insulin dose and to consult with doctors. However, the developed system has no clinical validation. Kumar et al. [9] proposed an IoT based smart health monitoring. The system application is divided into three layers. They are the detecting layer, the application layer, and the transportation layer. In the detecting section, a DS18B20 sensor has been used for detecting body temperature and a pulse sensor is used for detecting a pulse. In the transportation layer, the information is uploaded into the cloud from Arduino through the Wi-Fi module and Ethernet shield. At last, the application layer collects information from the server. However, the microcontroller in Arduino Uno is not suitable for handling too many sensors at the same time.
Penmatsa and Reddy [10] developed a system that detects abnormalities in ECG and transmits the signal via Bluetooth. It is a low-cost device. Here, three lead ECG signals are acquired. The signals are then sent to a circuit and finally presented in an oscilloscope. However, the small range of the used Bluetooth module is a limitation of the system. Using the Wi-Fi or IR modules might overcome the range limitation. Kumar and Rajasekaran [12] proposed an IoT based patient monitoring system. Raspberry Pi is the main logic unit of the system. The signals of sensors are sent to the raspberry pi through an amplifier circuit and signal conditioning unit (SCU). Using the internet, the data of the raspberry pi can be accessed from any part of the world. However, the system only works in indoor conditions.
Desai and Toravi [13] designed a smart home and heartbeat monitoring system using a wireless sensor network (WSN). The system used Spartan 3 with FPGA architecture for parallel data computation. All the sensors are connected with a microcontroller and an LCD shows the result provided by the MCU. However, all the components of the system are not embedded in a single device.
The summary of this review is done based on some criteria such as feedback devices, major hardware components, uses, and cost-effectiveness. Different frameworks employ different feedback systems. The summary of the reviewed system is depicted in Table I with the aforementioned criteria.
The system designed used a raspberry pi as MCU and the Lo-Ra module for data transmission and detection of hearing problems, headache, and rapid pulse rate, and used RFID tags for security and ZigBee for data transmission. It detects heart problems and body temperature [18, 19]. Some scholars discussed that an accelerometer, a voice sensor, and a microphone have been used for detecting the hyper-functional disorder and the system detected cardiovascular disease through ECG and heart rate sensor [22, 23]. The system discussed used a pulse oximeter, blood glucometer, and accelerometer for detecting chronic disease progression and used a Wi-Fi module for data transmitting [4, 5]. It detected various chronic diseases and used RFID for the security system. Electrode pads were used for detecting cardiovascular disease in the system [6]. The Arduino Uno based system has been used to detect hypothermia [25]. The system introduced used a mobile app and glucometer for detecting diabetes mellitus [26]. The high-cost device detected heart diseases [9]. Smartphone, laptop, VGA display have been used as a feedback device [10]. The system detects abnormalities in the heart. The respiration rate was monitored by using a respirator and accelerometer [12]. The system used various gas sensors to provide the health monitoring facility [13].
Though extensive works have been done to implement smart healthcare systems that are summarized in this paper, various sensors can be employed for health system monitoring for further development. The future developed systems can employ Wi-Fi and IR sensors to overcome the range limitations of Bluetooth devices. Smartphones can be used as a health monitoring system as it makes the interaction between multiple sensors very easy. Various machine learning algorithms can be used to make the systems more accurate. In microcontroller-based systems, raspberry pi can be used for easy presentation of the monitoring data on websites.
In this review, the use of IoT in health monitoring systems has been summarized. Although IoT is being used in all sectors of medical science, there is room for further improvement and research. The early identification of any health problem can help the patient to take necessary emergency measures, which can potentially save the patient's life. IoT can help in this regard. IoT based health monitoring systems can monitor the patients in real-time and warn the patient of any abnormalities. However, the IoT architecture must have the facilities to ensure the proper security of sensitive data. Also, the used sensors must be small in size so that they can be easily incorporated into various systems. Finally, the use of various machine learning and deep learning algorithms might make the systems more accurate and robust. The idea of a smart health monitoring system using the IoT architectures is a novel contribution in the field of medical science and it will reduce health issues and unwanted deaths.
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[10] Penmatsa, P.L., Reddy, D.R.K. (2016). Smart detection and transmission of abnormalities in ECG via Bluetooth. 2016 IEEE International Conference on Smart Cloud (SmartCloud), pp. 41-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SmartCloud.2016.10
[11] Rogers, E.A., Junga, E. (2017). Intelligent efficiency technology and market assessment. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE).
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[13] Desai, M.R., Toravi, S. (2017). A smart sensor interface for smart homes and heart beat monitoring using WSN in IoT environment. 2017 International Conference on Current Trends in Computer, Electrical, Electronics and Communication (CTCEEC), pp. 74-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CTCEEC.2017.8455124
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N-h Sentence Examples
Methane and its homologues give origin to the " paraffin " or " fatty series " of the general formula C,H 2, ,+ 1 000H, ethylene gives origin to the acrylic acid series, C n H 27, - 1 000H, and so on.
Dibasic acids of the paraffin series of hydrocarbons have the general formula C n H 2 (000H) 2 "; malonic and succinic acids are important members.
The Greeks, who had been squandering the money provided by the loans in every sort of senseless extravagance, affected to despise the Egyptian invaders, but they n h l`n were soon undeceived.
The optical effect as regards resolving power is the same as with a grating of N lines in the nth order, but, nearly all the light not absorbed by the glass may be concentrated in one or two orders.'
The geometrical mean of n quantities is the nth root of their product.
He has given by means of it a simple proof of the existence of n roots, and no more, in every rational algebraic equation of the nth order with real coefficients.
He ascertained the distribution of electricity among several spheres (whether equal or unequal) placed in contact in a straight line; and he measured the distribution of 2 In 1878 Clerk Maxwell repeated Cavendish's experiments with improved apparatus and the employment of a Kelvin quadrant electrometer as a means of detecting the absence of charge on the inner conductor after it had been connected to the outer case, and was thus able to show that if the law of electric attraction varies inversely as the nth power of the distance, then the exponent n must have a value of 2 t Isua.
In this case the sum to n terms of the series is equal to the nth convergent of the fraction.


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The Irish Small and Medium Enterprises Association (ISME) has today called on the Government to prioritise business cost competitiveness in the wake of the Brexit vote.
The Association warned that the pressure on export prices to the UK required a coordinated response from industry and government on all business costs including those influenced by the government itself.
The latest CSO Inflation Figures today show that the annual inflation figure was 0.5% while the monthly figure for July was minus 0.2%. The sub-index for Services rose by 3%, while Goods decreased by 3.1%.
The ISME has called on the Government to ensure that all state imposed business costs are benchmarked internationally and to stand firm on public sector wage demands.
Commenting on today's figures, ISME CEO, Mark Fielding said, "We continue to be a high cost economy which is rapidly losing any competitive gains made since the recession. The UK market has become much more challenging for Irish SME exporters, due to the fall in sterling."
He added, "The one answer is increased productivity and cost control. The concern from SME owners is that the Government has abdicated its responsibility in this area."
Source: www.businessworld.ie


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What is deleuzian theory?
What is deleuzian theory?
Deleuze claims that standards of value are internal or immanent: to live well is to fully express one's power, to go to the limits of one's potential, rather than to judge what exists by non-empirical, transcendent standards.
What is Deleuze known for?
Deleuze became known for writing about other philosophers with new insights and different readings, interested as he was in liberating philosophical history from the hegemony of one perspective. He wrote on Spinoza, Nietzche, Kant, Leibniz and others, including literary authors and works, cinema, and art.
Why is Deterritorialization important?
Deterritorialization, in general, is one of the central forces of the modern world because it brings laboring populations in to the lower-class sectors and spaces of relatively wealthy societies, while sometimes creating exaggerated and intensified senses of criticism or attachment to politics in the home state.
What is desire for Deleuze and Guattari?
Overview. Deleuze and Guattari oppose the Freudian conception of the unconscious as a representational "theater", instead favoring a productive "factory" model: desire is not an imaginary force based on lack, but a real, productive force. Meanwhile, the desiring-machine is also producing a flow of desire from itself.
What is Rhizomatic thinking?
Rhizomatic Learning. Rhizomatic learning is a way of thinking about learning based on ideas described by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari in a thousand plateaus. A rhizome, sometimes called a creeping rootstalk, is a stem of a plant that sends out roots and shoots as it spreads. A rhizome has no beginning or end…
What is Deleuze's philosophy?
Deleuze claims that standards of value are internal or immanent: to live well is to fully express one's power, to go to the limits of one's potential, rather than to judge what exists by non-empirical, transcendent standards. Modern society still suppresses difference and alienates persons from what they can do.
What did Deleuze believe?
Does Deleuze believe in God?
Deleuze seeks to rid philosophy not only of God, but also of all the traces and echoes of God in the god-like structures of the unified human subject, the hierarchical state and the idea of a unified and harmonious nature: "the death of God, the possibility of replacing God with humanity, all the God-Human permutations …
What is cultural Differentialism?
Brief definitions of theories Cultural Differentialism involves barriers that prevent flows that serve to make alike; Culture tend to remain stubbornly different from one another. Cultural hybridization is the mixing of cultures and the integration of the global and the local leading to unique combinations.
What is deterritorialization in globalization?
intensification of deterritorialization, understood as a proliferation of translocalized. cultural experiences (Hernàndez 2002). Deterritorialization, considered a central feature. of globalization, implies the growing presence of social forms of contact and involvement.
How did Deleuze and Guattari meet?
He learned the trade by working at an experimental psychiatric clinic and religiously attending the seminars of psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. In the late 60's, Deleuze and Guattari met and decided to write a book together. The work was mostly coordinated through letters the two exchanged.
What is Machinic desire?
Machinic desire is the operation of the virtual; implementing itself in the actual, revirtualizing itself, and producing reality in a circuit. It is efficient and not aspirational, although this is an efficiency irreducible to progressive causality because immanent to effective time.


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a and b connect the black stones by attaching to a weak stone, . As such they are defensive. For example, b offers white a ponnuki in the center in exchange for security.
c moves out sturdily with the most powerful immediate threat to enclose . This limits white's tactical options.
d moves out faster as part of a more flexible attack. However, black may be plagued by the possibility of cutting the knight's move.
Other supporting black stones in the center will contribute to the threat to enclose at c. With support on both sides, is unreasonable and black could cap.
The one space jump at e is a natural move to move out and attack . Next the opposing c is huge for both players. Considered in isolation, this lets white immediately take c and split black's position rather easily. However, e may have a threat to surround a nearby position, such as the 4-4 stone in a common joseki. Or, e may be sufficiently valuable in reducing white's sphere of influence to justify giving white the large gote reply at c. See also