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The process of validating a computer system is critical in regulated industries to ensure that the system/software produces data that meets specific requirements and consistently performs as intended. This validation process is known as Computer System Validation (CSV) and is widely followed in industries such as pharmaceuticals and medical devices, which are closely monitored by regulatory bodies such as the USFDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration), MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency), and WHO (World Health Organization). These regulatory bodies have also set guidelines that make CSV an integral part of the product manufacturing process.
As per the CSV process, it is necessary to furnish documented evidence that the system/software can effectively perform in the production environment. This ensures efficient operation and high-quality product outcomes that meet predetermined specifications and adhere to good manufacturing practices. Further, failure to comply with any validation may result in substandard outputs during the manufacturing and testing phases of the product. Additionally, failure to demonstrate the CSV process and outcomes at regulatory inspections can have severe legal and financial consequences for an organization, such as receiving a warning letter or an import alert.
What is CSV?
Computer System Validation (CSV) is a process of documenting and testing computer systems, including hardware, software, and associated procedures, and collecting evidence to ensure that they meet their intended use and comply with regulatory requirements. The primary goal of CSV is to demonstrate that the computer system is reliable, consistent, and performs accurately over time. The validation process includes various activities, such as gathering user and system requirements, testing, documenting, and performing ongoing maintenance to ensure the system functions as intended and meets necessary standards. The purpose of CSV is to minimize the risk of errors or failures in computer systems, which can result in inaccurate data, system downtime, or compliance issues. Additionally, CSV in a GxP environment involves review and analysis activities such as testing, walkthroughs, and inspections that can be conducted without executing the software. The focus of computer system validation is to generate documented evidence that is readily available to FDA inspectors. Moreover, according to guidelines in the 21 CFR Part 11[1], paper records can be replaced by electronic records and can have electronic signatures that are as secure as handwritten signatures. To address this guideline, businesses operating in the GxP environment need to perform Computer System Validation (CSV) of their equipment and applications.
Who Needs Computer System Validation and Stages Involved in CSV?
Industries that rely on computer systems to support crucial processes, such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and other regulated sectors, require Computer System Validation (CSV) to be carried out. These industries face rigorous regulatory demands, and non-compliance can lead to severe consequences, including regulatory fines, product recalls, and damage to their reputation. CSV is a critical process that helps identify and address any defects in the product or manufacturing process. Additionally, companies that handle sensitive data or confidential information must also perform CSV to ensure the integrity and security of their computer systems.
Companies that are legally required to perform Computer System Validation are:
- Pharmaceutical companies that manufacture drugs to treat diseases and distribute them to regulated markets.
- Medical device distributors involved in equipment used for diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of illnesses.
- Biological companies that deal in products related to therapeutic serums, viruses, or vaccines used for disease prevention and treatment.
- Storage and distribution providers that store pharmaceuticals, biologicals, or cell-and-tissue products.
The validation process typically involves several stages, including design qualification, installation qualification, operational qualification, and performance qualification. These stages are designed to ensure that the system meets specific requirements and operates correctly within its intended environment.
Challenges in Performing CSV Activity
- Complexities of computer systems and applications: With the ever-increasing complexity of computer systems and applications, it can be challenging to ensure that each functionality of the system or application is fully validated according to the User Requirements Document (URD).
- Lack of expertise: Many companies lack personnel with the necessary expertise in CSV across systems and applications, which can make it difficult to ensure that the respective systems and applications are properly validated according to regulatory requirements.
- Third-party systems: The use of third-party systems that are not under the direct control of the company makes it difficult to ensure that these systems are properly validated and that each functionality is tested.
- Ensuring data integrity: It is a critical aspect of CSV, but it can be challenging to verify that all data generated in the respective system is accurate and complete. Detailed validation documentation should be prepared to demonstrate the checks and validations that have been done on the system and application.
- Resource availability: CSV can be a time-consuming task, especially for large systems and complex applications. These may require significant resources and attention for an extended period, leading to a situation in which resources are tied up in CSV activities and unable to focus on other tasks.
- Incorrect interpretation: Most regulations often contain overarching statements that establish objectives without detailing how to implement controls or determine adequate levels of compliance. Ensuring consistent interpretation and execution of compliance regulations into technical controls and procedural controls for managing access is essential.
- Report approval delays: One of the biggest challenges in computer system validation is the delay in approving validation reports. The approval process can be time-consuming, as it involves multiple stakeholders, including the validation team, quality assurance, and senior management. Any delays in the approval process can lead to a delay in the release of the system and impact the overall project timeline. Moreover, if the system is already in use, any delays in approving the validation report may result in non-compliance, which can have serious consequences for the organization.
- Maintaining documentation standards: With multiple teams, organizations often face the challenge of managing multiple documentation standards across their company, as policies, procedures, work instructions, and templates may differ by business, department, or site. This can lead to significant costs due to overlapping standard operating procedures (SOPs) and inconsistent standards.
- Decentralized governance model: Fragmenting CSV activities is a common problem within organizations regarding project ownership and resources vary across departments. Some projects may be led by the IT department, others by users or quality teams, resulting in inconsistencies and inefficiencies such as duplicate efforts, increased costs, and delays in project timelines. Furthermore, differences in standards, policies, and procedures across departments can make it difficult to share assets and collaborate effectively. This model poses significant challenges for organizations in terms of maintaining quality and compliance in computer system validation.
Common Reasons for Failure of CSV
Despite being a critical activity for regulated industries, regulatory inspections often reveal failures in the process. Some of the reasons for these failures include:
- Inadequate planning and risk management
- Poor documentation practices, such as inadequate traceability and incomplete records
- Inadequate testing and insufficient training of resources can cause issues in the validation process
- Lack of ongoing maintenance and review of the validated system can lead to issues and ultimately the failure of CSV
- Insufficiently documented clarification of anticipated outcomes
It is crucial to address these common reasons for failure and take proactive measures to ensure that the validation process is successful.
Role of Third-Party Consultants in CSV and How It Helps in Regulatory Audit
CSV consultants are well-versed in the latest trends and best practices of the regulatory environment, and their expertise can prove useful for organizations in identifying and streamlining systems that are subject to legal regulations. With their knowledge of the latest industry approaches to validations and their subject matter expertise, CSV consultants can help reduce the effort and operational costs associated with the validation process.
Having an independent, third-party consultant perform Computer System Validation (CSV) activities can increase the confidence of stakeholders and regulatory bodies. The involvement and report issued by the third-party consultant add an extra layer of assurance that the validation process has been conducted impartially and in compliance with regulatory requirements.
In conclusion, organizations operating in regulated industries need to proactively perform Computer Systems Validation (CSV) to ensure Good Practice (GxP) compliance and avoid any regulatory penalties or reputational damage. By performing CSV, organizations can verify that their computer systems are functioning as intended and are meeting specific standards and requirements.
About Ankura CSV Offering
Ankura Consulting's Computer System Validation (CSV) service is a part of the Data Analytics and Technology practice that supports clients in managing their CSV program and ensuring that computer systems are operating in accordance with their intended use and regulatory requirements. The service involves performing a series of activities that verify and document the design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance of computer systems to demonstrate their accuracy, reliability, and security. Additionally, Ankura Consulting's CSV service provides clients with an independent CSV report.
Overall, Ankura Consulting's CSV capability offers a comprehensive set of services to help clients manage the CSV process efficiently and effectively and reduce compliance and regulatory risk.
© Copyright 2023. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and not necessarily the views of Ankura Consulting Group, LLC., its management, its subsidiaries, its affiliates, or its other professionals. Ankura is not a law firm and cannot provide legal advice.


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Bad Women: The Ripper Retold coming October 5
byPushkin Industries
In late 1888, five women were brutally murdered in a slum neighbourhood of London. The violent killer earned himself a nickname – Jack the Ripper. But everything you think you know about the murders and those murdered women is wrong.
In a new 15-part series, historian Hallie Rubenhold tells you the real story of those victims and how they came to be in the path of a serial killer – completely overturning the Ripper story we've been told up until now.
Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com
See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
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Navigate forward to interact with the calendar and select a date. Press the question mark key to get the keyboard shortcuts for changing dates.
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Shaping Debates on Technology Innovation
ITIF hosts a rich program of panel discussions, debates, roundtables, and conferences featuring distinguished authors, prominent policymakers, influential thinkers, and other leaders on issues shaping the course of technology innovation.
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Assessing India's Readiness to Compete in Global Semiconductor Value Chains
Please join ITIF for an expert panel discussion about a new ITIF report that was commissioned to inform the U.S. and Indian governments for their joint initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET).
March 5, 2024|Register Now
Preserving U.S. Leadership in Biopharmaceutical Innovation
Please join ITIF for an expert panel discussion as it releases a new report examining why the United States lost its lead in other advanced technology industries, and how policymakers can avoid repeating the same mistakes in the biopharmaceutical sector.
March 13, 2024|Register Now
Exploring The New European Innovation Agenda
Please join us as ITIF hosts Signe Ratso, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation of the European Commission, for an event that will feature a presentation of the agenda alongside commentators who will provide business and comparative innovation policy perspectives on the European approach.
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Join ITIF for an expert panel discussion of Europe's efforts and the implications for an allied approach to economic security in an era of economic warfare.
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The Way Forward for U.S. Spectrum Policy
Join ITIF alongside experts and stakeholders who will provide context and perspectives for the state of U.S. spectrum policy and discuss how we can increase the productivity of scarce spectrum resources.
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The DOJ-FTC 2023 Merger Guidelines: Evolution or Revolution?
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January 30, 2024
Assessing the Dominican Republic's Readiness to Compete in Global Semiconductor and PCB Value Chains
Watch now for an ITIF event releasing a report that will explore the Dominican Republic's preparedness to compete in global semiconductor and PCB value chains.
January 29, 2024
Tech Policy 202: Winter 2024 Educational Seminar Series for Congressional and Executive Branch Staff
ITIF's winter seminar course takes a deep dive into how artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping our world and, in the process, creating public policy challenges and opportunities.
January 11, 2024
Digital Literacy: The Key to Getting Americans Online
Watch now for a panel discussion with organizations on the front lines of teaching digital literacy and helping people get connected.
December 13, 2023
US v. Google: Implications of a Landmark Trial
Watch now for an expert panel discussion on the possible outcomes and implications of this landmark antitrust case.


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The BBC is dead, long live the BBC
Britain, and anywhere else the Beeb can be seen or heard, will never be the same
For years the BBC and its financing model have belonged to that small category of things that make no sense in theory but work well in practice. Now that model is imperilled, the BBC will be forced to abandon its traditional role and find its place in the modern media landscape. The country, and the world, will be the poorer for it.
The UK government recently announced that the annual television license fee, the BBC's main source of funds, will be frozen at 159 pounds ($217) for the next two years, then rise to keep pace with inflation for four years after that. More importantly, the minister in charge added (before colleagues told her to walk it back) that this would be the last such settlement.
In the short term, the Beeb faces a tighter financial squeeze than the rest of Britain's public sector. Beyond that, if the license fee ends, the very idea of BBC-style public-service broadcasting is in doubt.
This license fee has always been a conspicuous and seemingly indefensible anomaly. Why is a public-sector supplier of news and entertainment needed in the first place?
And, if you were going to have one, why on earth pay for it with an annual tax on TVs that demanded the same payment from people regardless of income?
Yet look at the results. Against the odds, given the upheaval in its industry, the Beeb has managed not only to survive but also to prosper. Yes, there has a good deal of dreck, but the BBC produces much more than its fair share of high-quality television and radio of all kinds — at comparatively modest cost.
Its output is popular at home and has burnished Britain's standing in the world. Its coverage of news and current affairs is impartial and authoritative.
All these features were, and are, of a piece. The license fee separates the BBC from the government in a way that a subvention of ordinary tax revenue would not.
It requires openness and accountability, encouraging tight control of costs, for instance putting downward pressure on what stars can be paid. It cements the obligation to serve all the public, underlining the commitment to political impartiality and reminding the enterprise to make broadly popular programs as well as more sophisticated, educational or otherwise aspirational material.
In these ways, it creates a cultural space in which Brits, whether they know it or not, can relate to each other and find they have something in common.
The contrast with public-service broadcasting in the US is stark. It is not just that American providers are starved of public resources.
Relying heavily on private donations pushes NPR and PBS toward programming that will please their comparatively narrow, liberal-minded segment of financial supporters. Public-service broadcasting in the US does not even try to serve the whole public. It serves its niche.
In fact, a true American equivalent of the BBC is virtually unimaginable. The concept of public service at a distance from partisan politics still has purchase in Britain — think of the career civil service, the judiciary, management of elections, appointments to the central bank, agencies such as the Office for Budget Responsibility and countless other arms-length public agencies and non-government organisations.
In the US the nonpartisan tradition is all but dead. Perhaps the armed services are still mostly above politics. Otherwise, almost every institution that intersects with public policy — not just designing it, but executing, influencing, analysing and explaining it — is partisan.
Nowhere is this more true than in the media. Britain has long had brazenly partisan newspapers — which made the BBC all the more valuable.
In the US, esteemed newspapers such as the New York Times and the Washington Post once presumed to play a similar role. (I recall that many years ago I was on a panel with a Times reporter who seemed genuinely offended by my describing his paper as liberal.)
Today, those once-authoritative and trusted-to-be-impartial papers have chosen sides. The perfection of the media market, accelerated by social media, favours partisan commitment.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson has doubtless turned against the BBC to distract attention from his latest embarrassments. But the Beeb has longer-term problems.
As competition and unbundling intensify, it will continue to lose viewers and the loyalty of the public. Sooner or later, the license-fee model will become politically unsustainable, and the formula that delivered this great and improbable public goodwill unravel.
One can imagine the BBC, in due course, as just another TV and audio production company, bidding for its modest share of public subsidy. Britain, and anywhere else the Beeb can be seen or heard, will never be the same.
Clive Crook is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist and writes editorials on economics, finance and politics.
Disclaimer: This article first appeared on Bloomberg, and is published by special syndication arrangement.


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Hasthkar Handmades Soap Base Bar For Soap Making Charcoal Melt & Pour Clear Transparent Glycerine Soap base | SLS & SLES Paraben Free | 450Gm
Regular price
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Hasthkar Handmades Activated Charcoal Soap Base For Soap Making Clear Glycerin Transparent Soap Base is best suited for both household & commercial production & is perfect for making plain transparent bars with luxurious lather and sparkling clarity. It is produced from the highest quality vegetable oil extracts. Transparent soap base, also known as a glycerin Soap base. It is free from preservatives, SLS, sles, & paraben-free. Hasthkar Handmades offers a wide range of natural and herbal products which are organically cultivated or grown and pure plant & essential oils. our handmades soap base are tested for purity and mades with quality ingredients. This is a true family pack, a collection developed with the requirements of the family in mind. |


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If you fill out the "Forgot Password" form but don't get an email to reset your password within 5-10 minutes, please email email@example.com for assistance.
An investigation by the Washington Post revealed that America Online "was using a series of unconventional transactions to sustain the appearance of breakneck growth in ad revenue" -- even after the Internet boom subsided and it merged with Time Warner. " Time Warner executives were "mesmerized by the hundreds of millions of dollars in online advertising pouring into AOL ... (and) even when the bubble popped and dot-coms collapsed, AOL continued to report record-breaking growth in ad revenue, reinforcing its image as the medium of the future and overwhelming any second thoughts from Time Warner shareholders and employees." What Time Warner didn't know was that, "among other things, AOL turned legal disputes into ad deals, converted long-term contracts into one-time balloon payments, shifted revenue from one division to another, bartered ads for computer equipment and sold ads on behalf of eBay while booking all the sales as its own... (The) stories immediately prompted two federal investigations of AOL Time Warner."
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This is the stash of counterfeit cigarettes uncovered by police in Lurgan earlier today (Friday).
Lurgan Neighbourhood Police Team stopped a vehicle in the town while on patrol, locating a large amount of suspected counterfeit cigarettes and tobacco in the process.
A police spokesperson said: "Counterfeit cigarettes can be of poor quality and can contain a higher level of harmful chemicals than would be found in a legitimate product.
"The persons making and selling have no care for the customer and are looking to make a quick profit at the expense of your health."


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Beachsissi was founded in 2017. It is an online store focusing on the latest women beach wears like swimsuits, cover-ups, casual dresses, etc.
in the past 4 years, beachsissi has shipped over 2 million orders to cutomers worldwide, and we are constantly improving our product quality and customer services. Our commitment is to provide customers high quality, trendy fashion clothes/swimwears at affordable prices.
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Mini Clamp Multimeter
- Clamp allows measurement of AC and DC current in wires without disturbing the circuits or contacting live terminals
- Auto range simplifies operation: 0.01-400 Amps, 0.001-600 Volts
- Auto power-off selection - power turns off automatically after 10 minutes of non-use
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- Test leads included with meter
WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (dehp) which is known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to P65Warnings.ca.gov.
Owner's Manual (pdf)
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SAN JOSE, Calif., April 28, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- D2S, a supplier of GPU-accelerated solutions for semiconductor manufacturing, today announced the appointment of Mike Schuh to its board of directors, effective immediately. Mike has more than 40 years of experience in the software industry, including holding senior executive management and board-level roles at several electronic design automation (EDA) and technology companies, with more than 10 years of board-level experience at Netflix.
"Mike has unparalleled experience in sales and corporate strategy across the technology space, a solid track record of success as a technology investor, and impeccable integrity," stated Aki Fujimura, CEO of D2S. "We are extremely honored to have him join D2S's board, where his vast executive background will help guide our company as we continue to execute on our strategy to be the leader in GPU-accelerated solutions for semiconductor manufacturing."
"I'm very excited to be joining the D2S board," stated Mike Schuh. "The design-to-manufacturability link is increasingly critical in today's semiconductor market. D2S, with its GPU-accelerated enablement of manufacturing curvilinear shapes, is in the right place at the right time to support this need."
During Mike's tenure as a general partner at Foundation Capital, he served as a member of the board of Netflix for more than 10 years, as well as served on the boards of Responsys (which went public and is now part of Oracle), Coverity (now part of Synopsys), and BoardVantage (now part of Nasdaq). Before joining Foundation Capital in 1998, he was CEO, co-founder, and chairman of the board of Intrinsa Corporation, a software applications company that was acquired by Microsoft. Prior to co-founding Intrinsa, Mike held senior executive roles at Daisy Systems, Clarify, Cadence Design Systems and Computervision. Mike holds a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Maryland.
About D2S
D2S is a supplier of GPU-accelerated solutions for semiconductor manufacturing. The company provides simulation-based custom solutions to leading equipment partners and D2S TrueMask® solutions to photomask and wafer manufacturers. D2S TrueMask solutions use the D2S Computational Design Platform to enable advanced photomask designs using complex rectilinear and curvilinear shapes for superior wafer quality within practical, cost-effective write-times. D2S is the managing sponsor of the eBeam Initiative and a founding member of the Center for Deep Learning in Electronics Manufacturing (CDLe). Headquartered in San Jose, Calif., the company was founded in 2007. For more information, see: www.design2silicon.com.
D2S, the D2S logo and TrueMask are registered trademarks of D2S, Inc.
David Moreno
Open Sky Communications
Tel: +1.415.519.3915
E-mail: [email protected]


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JLW Blog: How I Celebrate Rosh Hashanah
By: Diane Berinstein
When someone asks me about Rosh Hashanah my first thought is always the pots of honey that I'll serve to usher in a sweet year! The holiday is not about meals and honey though. It's a time for deep introspection and reflection, with the ten days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur being a time to ask forgiveness from those we may have hurt or slighted over the past year and re-commit to living a life of compassion and honesty.
This year, I am focusing on a passage in Devarim (Deuteronomy) 16:20, "Justice, Justice you shall pursue, that you may thrive…" and its many rabbinic interpretations. One of my favorite interpretations so appropriate to this season of reflection and forgiveness is from Torah commentator Ibn Ezra (early 12th century, present day Spain). Ezra conveys that the word Tzedek (justice) is repeated to emphasize that when pursuing justice there are often multiple arguments. He imagines two parties with seemingly opposite views, both pursuing justice. If while arguing for justice each side respects the opposing side as also intent on justice, they can argue not with the goal of winning but with the goal of understanding and finding common ground. I think that is particularly relevant today, where we often seem so polarized on big issues, but underneath, in the day-to-day, opposing sides have many of the same underlying goals. Because in reality, if we only fight to win, we sow resentment, but if we fight to build understanding and create change, then we all come out ahead.
BUT — on the lighter side, there's sweet food! It's a struggle to balance all the sweetness in a Rosh Hashanah holiday meal — carrots cut like pieces of gold coins seasoned with honey and cinnamon, sweet potatoes, often served cooked with dried fruit and more honey, salads laced with pomegranate seeds or dressed with pomegranate and date syrup, apple cakes and honey cakes… it's a lot!
My Rosh Hashanah tradition is to gift friends and family with special jars of honey for their holiday table. Rosh Hashanah is not a gift giving holiday, but I love honey, and with the growing diversity of honey products, it's a way for me to share unique honeys with others. At our holiday tables, we set out an assortment of honey and from year to year. There's often as much thought given to which honeys to serve as there is to which desserts to bake! All of my honeys are from small businesses, and most are local, though my family and I were introduced to Rango Honey while in Arizona last year. Their mesquite honey has a very distinct flavor, and their company's mission to "create a brand centered around love, support and inclusivity" touches my heart. They partner with other local organizations to provide job training to young adults on the spectrum and support an assisted living home for adults living with disabilities.
L'shanah tovah tikatevu!
(Happy new year and may you be inscribed [in the book of life] for a good year!)


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Upgrade Your Design Game with a 3D Printer
With more research and development in this field, we can expect to see even more advancements in the near future.
Step into the future with 3D printing technology.
From functional objects to decorative pieces, 3D printing has made its mark in every industry.
Exploring the world of 3D printing? It uses a process called additive manufacturing, where materials such as plastic, metal or even food are added layer by layer to create a 3D object.
Why should you invest in a 3D printer? This technology also reduces waste as it only uses the exact amount of materials needed.
There are no boundaries to what you can create. In the healthcare industry, it has been used to create personalized prosthetics and medical devices.
Regardless of your industry, 3D printing offers a world of possibilities. But with so many 3D printers available in the market. Here are some key factors to consider when purchasing a 3D printer.
Price range. Consider your budget when looking for a 3D printer. If you are a beginner or looking for a printer for personal use, a budget-friendly option may be suitable.
Size and build volume. Evaluate the workspace you have available for the printer. If you need to print large objects, look for a printer with a larger build volume.
Type of materials. Some printers can only print with certain types of materials.
Features and functionality. Look for features that make the printing process easier and more efficient. Features such as automatic bed leveling, Wi-Fi connectivity, and touchscreen interface can enhance your printing experience.
User feedback. Take into account user feedback and reviews to make an informed decision.
In summary, 3D printing is a game-changing technology that has opened doors to endless possibilities. Regardless of your industry or expertise level. Investing in a 3D printer can take your designs and projects to the next level.
Revolutionize the way you design and manufacture with 3D printers.
3D printers have taken the world by storm and have completely changed the game in various industries.
It has gained popularity due to its ability to produce complex and customized designs in a short period of time.
The potential of 3D printers is endless.
The impact of 3D printers on the healthcare industry has been phenomenal.
It has enabled the production of lightweight and complex parts that were previously impossible to create.
Automotive companies are also embracing 3D printers for rapid prototyping and even production of spare parts.
Architects and designers are now able to create intricate and precise models of their designs with the help of 3D printers.
Apart from its impact on industries, 3D printers have also transformed the way education is imparted.
The possibilities with 3D printers are endless.
So whether you are an engineer, a designer, a doctor, or simply someone with a creative mind, 3D printers are a must-have in this fast-paced world.
The world of technology is constantly evolving, and one of the most exciting inventions in recent years has been the 3D printer. This revolutionary device has opened up a world of possibilities, allowing us to bring our ideas to life in a way that was previously unimaginable. In this article, we will delve into the world of 3D printing, exploring its functions, benefits, and potential impact.
What is a 3D Printer?
A 3D printer is a device that uses additive manufacturing technology to create three-dimensional objects from a digital file. Unlike traditional printing methods, where ink is deposited onto a surface, 3D printing involves layering materials on top of each other to build the final product. These materials can range from plastic and metal to more advanced materials such as human tissue and food.
The first 3D printer was created in the 1980s, but it wasn't until the early 21st century that the technology became more accessible and affordable. Today, 3D printers are widely used in industries such as automotive, aerospace, healthcare, and fashion. They are also becoming more common among individual consumers and hobbyists who want to bring their ideas to life.
How Does it Work?
The process of 3D printing starts with a digital design, which can be created using computer-aided design (CAD) software or 3D modeling programs. The design is then converted into a file that the 3D printer can understand, such as an STL file. The printer then reads this file and begins the printing process.
There are various 3D printing technologies, but the most common one is fused deposition modeling (FDM). In FDM, the printer melts a plastic filament and extrudes it layer by layer, following the instructions from the digital design. The layers cool and harden, creating a solid object. Other methods include stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), and digital light processing (DLP).
Benefits of 3D Printing
One of the main advantages of 3D printing is its ability to create complex and intricate shapes that would be impossible or very difficult to produce with traditional methods. This allows for more creativity and innovation in design, leading to better products and solutions.
Moreover, 3D printing is a more efficient and cost-effective manufacturing method. With traditional manufacturing, a separate mold or tool is needed for each product, which can be time-consuming and expensive. In contrast, 3D printing requires only the digital design, reducing the time and costs involved in the production process. This makes it a great option for small-scale or customized production.
Potential Impact on Industries
The rise of 3D printing has the potential to disrupt and transform various industries. In the medical field, 3D printing is already being used to create patient-specific implants and prosthetics, as well as medical models for surgical planning. In the automotive industry, 3D printing is being used to create lightweight and durable parts, improving performance and fuel efficiency.
Furthermore, 3D printing has the potential to revolutionize the construction industry. Instead of traditional methods of building, which can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and generate a lot of waste, 3D printing allows for faster and more sustainable construction. There have been successful demonstrations of 3D printed houses, bridges, and even entire villages.
The Future of 3D Printing
As technology continues to advance, the possibilities for 3D printing are endless. Researchers are exploring the potential of 3D printing in areas such as regenerative medicine, where bioprinting could be used to create human tissues and organs for transplantation. 3D printing could also play a role in space exploration, with the potential for astronauts to 3D print tools and equipment on-demand in space.
In addition, as the technology becomes more accessible and affordable, 3D printing could become a household tool, allowing people to print everyday objects and even their own clothes. This could lead to a shift towards a more sustainable and circular economy, as people will be able to print and recycle their own products instead of purchasing new ones.
In conclusion, 3D printing is a game-changing technology that has the potential to transform various industries and our everyday lives. It offers endless possibilities for innovation and customization, making it one of the most exciting inventions of our time. As the technology continues to evolve, we can only imagine what the future of 3D printing holds
The Revolutionary World of 3D Printing
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a groundbreaking technology that has been making headlines all around the world in recent years. From creating medical devices to building houses, 3D printing has the potential to revolutionize the way we manufacture and create objects. But what exactly is a 3D printer and how does it work? Let's delve deeper into this incredible technology.
A 3D printer is a device that creates three-dimensional objects by adding layers of material on top of each other until the desired shape is formed. This process is in contrast to traditional manufacturing methods, where material is removed or shaped to create the final product. 3D printers use a variety of materials such as plastics, metals, ceramics, and even organic materials, depending on the desired end result.
So how does a 3D printer actually work? The process starts with a digital model of the object that is to be printed. This can be created using 3D modeling software or by scanning an existing object using a 3D scanner. The digital model is then sliced into thin layers, which are sent to the 3D printer.
The 3D printer then heats up the chosen material and deposits it in thin layers, following the digital design, until the final object is formed. This process can take anywhere from a few hours to several days, depending on the complexity and size of the object. Once the printing is complete, any support structures used to hold the object in place during printing are removed, and the final product is ready.
One of the most significant advantages of 3D printing is the ability to create complex and intricate designs that would be impossible to manufacture using traditional methods. This makes it a game-changer in various industries, such as aerospace, automotive, and healthcare. In the medical field, 3D printing has been used to create customized prosthetics, medical devices, and even organs, leading to improved patient outcomes and reducing costs.
Besides revolutionizing the manufacturing process, 3D printing also has the potential to reduce waste and promote sustainability. Traditional manufacturing methods often result in excess material being discarded, whereas 3D printing only uses the necessary amount of material to create the desired object. This not only saves costs but also reduces the environmental impact of manufacturing.
The affordability and accessibility of 3D printers have also contributed to its widespread adoption. With the rise of desktop 3D printers, individuals and small businesses can now create prototypes and products without the need for expensive equipment and manufacturing facilities. This has opened up a whole new world of opportunities for entrepreneurs and inventors, allowing them to turn their ideas into reality without breaking the bank.
However, like any new technology, 3D printing also comes with its challenges. Intellectual property rights and the potential misuse of 3D printing have been hotly debated topics. 3D printers can be used to create replicas of patented products, leading to concerns about copyright infringement. In addition, the easy accessibility of 3D printers has raised concerns about the potential misuse of the technology to create dangerous objects such as firearms.
In conclusion, 3D printing is a technology that is still in its early stages but has already shown immense potential in various industries. With its ability to create complex designs, reduce waste, and promote innovation and affordability, it is no wonder that 3D printing is being hailed as the future of manufacturing.


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Fresh Strawberry Glazed Baked Doughnuts
Spongey white cake doughnuts are topped with a fresh strawberry glaze for a sweet breakfast treat!
When my mother-in-law got me a doughnut pan last Christmas, my first thought was: OH NOOOO.
Quickly followed by a: OH YESSSSS!!!
I mean, when my husband got me a deep fryer two Christmases ago, that only meant trouble.
But baked doughnuts?
I'm going to eat doughnuts anyway, so if they're baked instead of deep fried, all the better.
When I got my pan, I was pretty excited to try one of the many baked donuts recipes I had seen all over the internet. I finally settled on a baked chocolate doughnut recipe from a very popular baking blog…and well, let's just say I was MAJORLY underwhelmed, as were my husband and two friends.
I thought, if this is what baked doughnuts taste like, then I only want the deep fried variety. I'm all for baking things if it tastes awesome and cuts calories too, but not at the expense of deliciousness.
Well, the other day I came across this recipe on Saveur and I thought maybe it was time for another try. Especially since strawberries are coming into season right now and my fridge is full of them.
Now I can happily say that yes, baked doughnuts can be just as good or even BETTER than deep fried doughnuts.
These doughnuts are darned good plain, but with the fresh strawberry glaze…oh my. I've made them three times this week. You know, to make up for lost time with my doughnut pan. I hope you try them!
Start by combining your four dry ingredients, which includes flour, sugar, baking powder, and salt:
Then combine grapeseed oil, milk, an egg, vinegar, and vanilla:
Whisk and mix the dry and wet ingredients together to make a doughnut batter:
And evenly distribute the doughnut batter in a six-well doughnut pan:
13 minutes in the oven, let them cool, and they're ready to be glazed:
Cut up some fresh strawberries and stick them in food processor to puree.
Then add confectioners sugar to the fresh strawberry puree until a light pink glaze forms:
And now, let each doughnut faceplant into this fresh strawberry glaze:
Note that these doughnuts will soak up the glaze as they sit, which I LOVE.
I intentionally put in extra egg to the batter so the crumb is very tender, airy, and spongy.
Enjoy my friends! And this is the doughnut pan that I use. Happy baking!
Strawberry Glazed Baked Doughnuts
- 2.5 oz all purpose flour, by weight (1/2 cup, measured)
- 6 tbsp sugar
- 1/4 tsp baking soda
- 1/4 tsp salt
- 1/3 cup neutral oil
- 1/4 cup milk
- 1 large egg
- 1/2 tsp vinegar
- 1/4 tsp vanilla extract
- 1/2 cup chopped fresh strawberries to end up with 1/4 cup puree
- 6 oz confectioners sugar, by weight (1.5 cups, measured)
- butter or oil for greasing the pan
- Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Grease a 6-well donut pan with butter or oil.
- In a medium bowl, whisk to combine the flour, sugar, baking soda, and salt. Set aside.
- In another bowl, whisk to combine the oil, milk, egg, vinegar, and vanilla extract. Add this liquid to the dry ingredients and whisk until the two are *just* combined. It's okay if the batter is lumpy, as you don't want to overstir and make the donuts tough.
- Evenly divide the batter into the six donut wells, which is about 2.5 tbsp per well. Bake for 13 minutes until a toothpick inserted into one of the donuts comes out cleanly (or rather, without any wetness).
- Let the donuts cool while you prepare the strawberry glaze.
- Puree the fresh strawberries in a food processor or blender until smooth. Pour this into a low bowl and whisk in the confectioners sugar a little bit at a time, until fully absorbed. Dip the cooled donuts into the strawberry glaze, and devour! Note that the donuts will absorb the glaze because they are so airy, and I love that about them! Enjoy.
Nutrition is estimated using a food database and is only intended to be used as a guideline for informational purposes.
Disclosure: this post contains an affiliate link.


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Confidential resolution reached between Gabby Petito and Brian Laundrie parentsSurvivors from October 7 attacks share stories in Naples
What happens if your power is on, but the electricity company says your balance has been $0 for almost three months? One Lee county woman doesn't want to find out and is battling to get and pay her Florida Power & Light bill. Cynthia Taylor hasn't seen an FPL bill since October 2022. "This is the last one I received, so I haven't gotten November, December, or one for January," Taylor said. "I always pay the whole amount, and my electricity has never been shut off or nothing like that." Taylor says it all started with Hurricane Ian. She didn't have power for almost two weeks afterward, but when her electricity came back on, FPL didn't bill her. "I was raised to pay my bills," Taylor said. "So, every month, I pay my bills out, the whole amount. Whatever it'd be, I pay it." Taylor called FPL multiple times, and each time she was told she didn't have a balance. One representative even told her the meter was changed. "It's not working; you don't see no numbers on here," Taylor said of her meter. "No numbers." All Taylor wants to do is pay for the utility she's using. "I just want to stay on track," Taylor said. "At the end, you may think you're getting away with something… then it might harm you worse because you're thinking you're getting away. And I'm not gonna do that." WINK News emailed FPL asking if someone from the company would fix Taylor's meter and send her a bill. FPL says it got in touch with her but could not say much else. Instead, WINK News got an update from Taylor. "I got a call that same afternoon. I had been calling them like, what, three or four or five times and no response back. When you stepped in, it was like, right, yeah. So, I appreciate you," Taylor said. The meter was finally fixed. "I was excited after they came out because I got some peace and rest," Taylor said. "I was able to sleep throughout the night again because I was just tossing and turning." Taylor's past electricity bills rarely went above $150, so she doesn't expect to pay more than $450 for the missing months. She still has not been billed, however, and is not due for the upcoming month yet.


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Now that I am a world renowned published author – thanks to Hypergrid Business publishing my last article — I began vigorously stroking my…er…um…er… long beard – tuts to all of you with filthy minds – and began thinking of ways to help promote and extend the reach of the hypergrid community in general, but also specifically the adult ones, as I am a part of this genre.
One such area that I thought about was events and voice. Here at Avalonia Estate we run many events on voice, such an event would be our Erotic Readings event, that takes place every Sunday starting Sunday, June 8 — as found on our events calendar – where we encourage members of our grid or the hypergrid community to read a short Femdom-related erotic story, as this is the theme of our grid.
Such an event lends itself very well to the use of voice but there is one downside — traditionally, it requires that anyone who wishes to take part in the event to log in world, or hypergrid over to the grid and region to be present to participate.
What if there was way of increasing the reach of your voice event beyond your grid, so that others, who cannot attend directly, or who cannot even be logged in world directly due to having to attend to other daily activities, could also be part of your voice based event? Wouldn't that help to increase the profile of your grid and popularity, and may be provide people who would not normally attend your grid, the opportunity to take part, and then hopefully encourage them to attend in person the next time?
Well, I am going to propose just that, so hear me out. Get it… "hear me outâ€. Voice..â€hear me outâ€. Not even a sympathy laugh? – I don't know, my talents are wasted 🙂 Any way, I digress.
At Avalonia Estate – as far as I am aware — we are unique in that I use TeamSpeak3 as our voice solution, as opposed to Vivox voice  or Mumble or FreeSwitch amongst other options. For those that care to know why I chose TeamSpeak, I have a page on my website that explains it so I won't go into all that detail here.
Suffice to say, I wanted a solution that was under my control, and not reliant upon an external company. Also, I have issues with the licensing requirements of Vivox's free OpenSim voice offering as it specifically excludes commercial use.
I am aware that some of the larger commercial OpenSim grids have a commercial licence agreement with Vivox, but for the smaller grids, the pricing for this is just too high and prohibitive.
Anyway, getting back to my idea. The beauty of TeamSpeak3 is that the voice server and software is separate from the virtual world. Now this can be seen as a disadvantage, and I do realise that it is not as convenient as having it built right into the viewer, like Vivox voice is. However, I actually see this as an advantage, and something positive, with benefits that far out way the negatives – at least for me.
As the voice client is separate from the viewer client, voice is not limited to, or interrupted by in-world glitches or crashes, or limitations of hypergrid technology. For instance, I was using our voice and talking to someone in-world the other day, and as we have all experienced at least once, I suffered at the hands of the mean teleport gremlins and crashed out. However, I was able to inform my chat partner that I had crashed and would be back in a moment – my voice conversation wasn't interrupted by my viewer crash.
Another example is that I was in Avalonia having a chat, when a friend of mine in Second Life left me an instant message which I received via email. So I just said to my chat partner, "Hey, I am just gonna log out of AE [Avalonia Estate] and reply to this message in SL.â€
Again, I was able to leave the OpenSim-based world and log into Second Life without my voice conversation being interrupted. This just isn't possible using in-world Vivox voice.
Now all of this got me thinking – a phrase that causes my sister Ardrianne Torrance to duck for cover, as rarely do good things happen when I start thinking, although sometimes I hit upon a gold nugget 🙂 If I were to open up my TeamSpeak3 voice server and allow other grids, particularly adult ones, to host their voice events on our voice server – wouldn't it bring the hypergrid community a little closer to together, and allow even greater collaboration, and provide new opportunities to promote your grid by providing a way for others to attend your voice events, even if they do not wish to tp to your grid in person, or if they cannot log in world for other reasons?
A resounding "YES†keeps coming back to me. Let me just paint a little word picture for you here. Let's say Nara from Nara's Nook was hosting her authors' story reading event, she advertises this, and encourages people to come to her grid at the appropriate time to participate in the event in person. She also advertises that the event will be held on our TeamSpeak3 voice server. "Melanie†from grid XYZ decides that she would like to check this out, but she is busy building on her own grid at the time, and doesn't want to interrupt this, especially as she has never been to Nara's Nook before. So she downloads the TeamSpeak3 voice client — only has to be done the once — and joins the chat and takes part in the event, listening to the stories and comments and general discussion. All the while she is continuing to happily build on her own grid. Melanie thinks, "that was good, I enjoyed that, next time I think I will go in person and meet the people, and take a look around the grid.†Everyone is a winner!
Now I have nothing against Vivox, in fact I do doff my hat to them for being willing to provide free voice to OpenSim users – even if it has limitations. However, Vivox voice isn't great when it comes to conferencing and you have to invite all the participants to join the conference at the beginning, and it is hard, if not impossible to join a voice conference if you are not currently located on the same grid as the voice event is taking place. Our TeamSpeak voice gets around all these issues with ease.
There will be those that would pooh-pooh this, and say that it isn't as convenient as having voice right in the viewer client, and I do acknowledge that.
However, a one-off download of the TeamSpeak3 voice client — which is super easy to set up and very light weight — isn't very inconvenient or complicated at all. And unlike using services like Skype TeamSpeak DOESN'T require you to have to set up an account or register. You just enter a "nick name†— using your in world avatar name is the most sensible — and enter our server URL connection details — and save them as a bookmark for easy connection next time — and you are then connected. Plus, there is no limit to the amount of people that can be in the conference at once, unlike Skype's 25 people call limit.
I already have a commercial licence with TeamSpeak, and I will be upgrading my licence in the next two weeks to accommodate up to 128 simultaneous voice users at once. As part of my desire to see greater collaboration with other Adult related OpenSim grids –- particularly via The Adult Metaverse G+ community — I am going to open up my voice server and offer other adultrrelated groups the chance to host their voice events on our server. I can create permanent and temporary channels for specific grids, and individual users are able to create their own channels for public or private voice conversations.
If you are interested in this, or would like to take part in this free offer, I am going to hold an open trial next Sunday 1st June at 11 p.m. till 12:30 GMT (6 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. Eastern) for those who wish to try it out and see what they think.
If you are interested, visit our website here to download the TeamSpeak3 voice client, and for connection details.
During the times mentioned above, I will remove the server password to allow open access for the trial. There are also a couple of videos available on my site at the link above for those who may need help in setting up or using TeamSpeak3.
I believe that this could be a way to help foster closer ties between grids, and to help encourage more of a hypergrid community attitude, as opposed to an isolationist view.
- Why we want to share our Teamspeak with other grids - May 25, 2014
- When is a Grid, not a Grid? - May 23, 2014


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- Since 1995 -
Snow's Pony Rides
Farm Animals With Exotics
Snows Pony Rides & Farm Animals has been making dreams come true since 1995 out of Valley Center, California. Serving all of Southern California, our family owned and operated company prides itself on quality customer service and providing memorable events with our happy and healthy animals. We take a small business approach by providing excellent customer service and tailoring events to meet the specific needs of each customer.
Snows' provides family fun at many local events and locations, including the Del Mar Horse Races, Bates Nut Farm, Santee Lakes and Old Poway Park.
Though we offer several preset packages we can customize options to fit your specific needs. We provide services for all types of event including birthday parties, corporate or church events, schools, military, holiday events, picnics, nativity scenes etc. We attend events rain or shine and can accommodate events at your home, place of business, or in many local parks. (Please contact your city administrators for more information about animal zoning.)
We are licensed by USDA and fully insured.
CHECK BACK HERE - JANUARY 2nd for an update on our 2024 Events
After 20 years of Servicing The Community, SNOWS PONY RIDES is No Longer Associated with BATES NUT FARM In Valley Center, CA
Please do NOT mistake our Ponies and Workers for anyone else. CHECK THE EMPLOYEE SHIRTS! (we always have our logo on it) & Ask Questions! You're entitled to be educated about what waivers you're about to sign, and what type of animal you're about to strap your child on-to.
We are very much in business and have a lot of community events planned for 2024! KEEP AN EYE OUT ON SOCIAL MEDIA OR CHECK BACK HERE!
Our Services
Small Events
Typically for small to medium size events we do hand led pony rides and/or various size petting zoos. We take into consideration how many children will be at the event when determining how many ponies you should have. We also offer larger ponies for older or bigger children. Please inquire for further details.
Large Events
For larger events we offer a pony wheel with surrounding fence. The pony wheel is designed to cater to a larger group of people by maximizing the amount of children who can ride during a certain amount of time but also reducing the cost of having multiple workers to walk the ponies. Pony wheels require a minimum of 4 ponies and a maximum of 8 ponies. Please let us know if you think a pony wheel would be beneficial for your event.
Other Services
There is no limit to what we can do for your event! We like to get creative so if you have any ideas please run it by us to see if we can accommodate your needs. We have a miniature donkey who we commonly use for nativity scenes or as a photo prop for Cinco De Mayo events. We have even used one of our ponies as a photo prop for a opening Race Day party. We also work closely with North County Jumpers if you need a jumpy for your event. Check out their website for further information.


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The Rights of Refugee Women in the Wake of Afghanistan Crisis
This article on 'The rights of refugee women in the wake of Afghanistan Crisis' is written by Akriti Raina and aims to trace the rights of refugee women under international law, the various challenges faced by them and discusses the measures that could be taken to protect them. I. Introduction In the wake of the recent humanitarian crisis… Read More »
This article on 'The rights of refugee women in the wake of Afghanistan Crisis' is written by Akriti Raina and aims to trace the rights of refugee women under international law, the various challenges faced by them and discusses the measures that could be taken to protect them. I. Introduction In the wake of the recent humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan and the consequent influx of refugees into various countries to escape their ordeal, questions about the rights of refugee women...
This article on 'The rights of refugee women in the wake of Afghanistan Crisis' is written by Akriti Raina and aims to trace the rights of refugee women under international law, the various challenges faced by them and discusses the measures that could be taken to protect them.
I. Introduction
In the wake of the recent humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan and the consequent influx of refugees into various countries to escape their ordeal, questions about the rights of refugee women become important. Women have traditionally been victims of the violent aspects of power shift and changing political situations across the globe. Thus, issues related to their health, safety, development etc. assume greater importance when their human rights are at perils.
II. Refugee
In a simple sense of the term, a refugee is a person who has been forced to leave the country of his/her nationality due to persistent fear of persecution, war or violence. Most often these people cannot return back to the country they came from due to these threats.
A refugee is different from an internally displaced person, who flee from one place to another inside their country but do not cross any international borders and are, therefore, not protected by international laws governing the refugees.
III. Definition of the term "refugee" under international law
While attempting to understand the meaning of the term "refugee" under international law, the Geneva Convention of 1951 and the Protocol of 1967 become important. These conventions are to be read in light of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 as the refugee crisis is a concern of human rights.
- The Geneva Convention, 1951– This convention is a major international convention defining the meaning of the term refugee, their social rights, assistance they can receive from host countries as well as their obligation towards the host governments.
Under Article 1 of the convention, a refugee is a person who owing to the fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality etc. is outside the country of his nationality and is unable to avail the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.
However, its application was limited to the refugees of the aftermath of World War II in Europe.
- Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1967– This protocol broadened the application of protection to refugees and expanded the scope of the 1951 convention as the problem of refugee displacement spread across the globe.[1]
IV. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees was founded in 1950 as an organ of the General Assembly to look after the conditions of refugees. The functions of the High Commissioner include providing protection to refugees and finding solutions for them by assisting Governments to facilitate their integration within new communities. These functions are non-political, social and humanitarian.
In line with the ideals of the 1990 UNHCR Policy on Refugee Women [2], which provided for designing of appropriate programmes to cater to the needs of the refugee women by looking at their demands, ensuring their full participation and protecting them from abuse etc, the UNHCR adopted the 1991 guidelines on the protection of refugee women. These guidelines acknowledge the right of refugee women to food, safety, shelter as well as protection against sexual, physical and other forms of abuse. [3]
V. Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children
The Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children is an independent organization founded in 1989, it not only conducts research to look into the conditions of refugee women and children but also provides policy guidance to various governments regarding the same. [4]
VI. Refugee women and the international law
The laws concerning the refugees do not differentiate between the gender of the refugee. Refugees, both, men and women are treated alike and have the same rights and responsibilities.
Even though all humans have the right to equality and equal protection of the law, women have traditionally been in a much more disadvantaged position than men when it comes to guaranteeing and protecting rights.
The position of refugee women, when compared to their male counterparts, is no different. These women not only face persecution threats from their countrymen but also face severe exploitation and harassment- mental, emotional and physical at the hands of agents, authorities etc. This is termed Sexual and Gender-based Violence (SGBV). [5]
Emotional Violence refers to the humiliation faced during the process of seeking refuge. Physical violence refers to the incidents of physical harm such as hitting, choking, beating, killing faced by these women. Socio-economic violence results from the denial of legal and health care facilities including sanitary measures. Medical neglect puts women at a higher risk of developing fatal diseases.
A research report by Amnesty International in 2016 shed light on the sexual harassment, violence and assault faced by women and children in all stages of their journey as refugees, including on European soil. Many of these refugee women migrate from some of the most dangerous and war-torn countries, only to fall prey to their vulnerabilities, especially those travelling without husbands or male members of their families.
These women battle with domestic as well as outside abuse at the hands of their male counterparts. Many women report abuse at the hands of smugglers asking for sexual favours in return for passage to another country or at the hands of army men/ officials taking advantage of their helpless condition. [6]
The goal of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) adopted by the UN in 1979, is to protect women against discrimination of all forms such as economic, sexual etc. This convention is in its true sense an extension of the human rights of women. It has been recognized by states across the world. However, one can find the non-application of its ideals when it comes to the case of refugee women.
It is because the challenges faced by refugees are not considered to be challenges to their basic human rights and dignity.
Women are placed at the margins of the process of achievement of human rights and dignity, subjugated and subjected to traditional forms of patriarchal domination, as well as neglected and abused in cases of violent political and structural shifts of power.
Lack of adequate receiving facilities in host countries, non-access to health facilities, economic dependence combined with the absence of opportunities to develop in a free and secure environment, put them in a disadvantaged position.
VII. The way forward
One of the main reasons for overlooking the problems of refugees is the perception of the local and global masses towards them. Removing the stigma attached to the idea of refugee influx among the global community will allow a harmonious balance between the interests of the local citizens and the demands of the refugee community.
This will enable them to avail opportunities and help them to utilize their potential in the host country and reduce economic or resource dependence. This becomes important when it comes to women, as a major step to their independence is financial security.
Betterment of refugee women is possible through a combined and collective effort of all the countries and international organizations.[7]
Local and international organizations such as UNHCR, human rights commission, women commissions, NGO's etc. can come together for the achievement of these goals.
An important step is providing psychological, emotional and legal assistance to women and ensuring that they are well-equipped with basic facilities to develop healthily, by the host country.
Strict adherence to the UN Guidelines on Protection of Refugee Women along with the flexibility of key players in developing policies according to the requirements at hand would be the correct approach.
[1] USA for UNHCR, Available Here
[2] UNHCR, India, Refugee Women and International Protection
No.64(XLI)–1990, Available Here
[3] UNHCR, India: Guidelines for Protection of Refugee Women, Available Here
[4] UNHCR Policy on Refugee Women and Guidelines on Their Protection: An Assessment of Ten Years of Implementation, Available Here
[5] Sexual and gender-based violence against refugee women: a hidden aspect of the refugee "crisis" by Jane Freedman, Available Here
[6] Amnesty International Report, Available Here
[7] The needs of refugee women: a human-rights perspective Chaloka Beyani, Available Here


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Four Roses Distillery
A premium Single Barrel Bourbon with a taste you'll want to savor again and again. Complex, full bodied and surprisingly smooth with a delicate long finish that's unbelievably mellow. Contains hints of ripe plum and cherry tastes with fruity, spicy aromas including maple syrup and cocoa. Drink straight up or on the rocks.
http://www.fourrosesbourbon.com/single-barrel/ 50.00% 94.00 rye No age declared Kentucky #FourRoses #FourRosesDistillery #SingleBarrelNose: Fruity, spicy, floral, cocoa, maple syrup, moderately woody. Palate: Hints of ripe plum & cherries, robust, full body, mellow. Finish: Smooth & delicately long.


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Loyola senior Dara Laja, the all-time leading rusher in school history, is quick to smile and admirably humble. He's clearly an incredibly well-liked figure among the student body and also the focal point of the Ramblers' offense.
So things looked bleak as the Loyola student section chanted Laja's name with 11:06 to play in the fourth quarter Saturday in Wilmette. The running back was lying down on the field, suffering from cramps in his legs. He eventually limped to the sideline, leaving the Ramblers without their key offensive weapon for the most important drive of the season.
Senior quarterback Emmett Clifford didn't miss a beat. Clifford led the Ramblers down the field, finally connecting with Jack Loper on a 10-yard touchdown pass with 4:52 to play that gave Loyola the lead for the first time since early in the first quarter.
Laja returned for the next drive, which he capped off with a seven-yard touchdown run as Loyola beat Homewood-Flossmoor 34-28 in the Class 8A state quarterfinals.
"Every two seconds I was on the sidelines I was asking someone what down it was and what was happening," Laja said. "But to see (Loper) go in there was great. He had a few first downs in there and to go 96 yards and score that was definitely the turning point in the game."
Loper injured his shoulder Sept. 4 against Maine South. This was his first game back.
"What a heart on that kid," Loyola coach John Holecek said. "To have surgery and ten weeks later he's out here battling. He worked so tirelessly to come back. Seeing him have a game was so rewarding."
Laja finished with 30 carries for 138 yards and a touchdown. Loyola's game-plan was to limit the Vikings' offensive possessions. Keeping H-F's high-powered offense off the field was the key to victory, so that meant long drives kept alive by Laja's quick, cunning runnings.
"It was definitely a long, hard game that was fought in the trenches," Laja said. "Like every game, I have to give the offensive line credit. They are tough and hard-nosed, great guys and I'm lucky to have them protecting me."
Clifford was 16-for-24 for 156 yards and two touchdowns. He rushed eight times for 47 yards, including an eight yard touchdown.
"We knew they were a big play offense and we knew we had to keep them off the field if we were going to win," Clifford said.
Clifford's poise was evident throughout the game. He didn't let the interceptions effect him and seemed to make smart decisions on nearly every play.
Homewood-Flossmoor's offense more than lived up to its reputation. Running back Deante Harley-Hampton and wide receiver Kendric Pryor, a Wisconsin recruit, were spectacular.
Harley-Hampton had 14 carries for 140 yards and three touchdowns. But the truly eye-popping play was his 34-yard touchdown reception late in the game. The pass went about three yards in the air. The rest was all speed, style and elusiveness. He changed directions midway through, running the entire width of the field to eventually find the corner of the end zone.
Pryor caught eight passes for 154 yards. H-F quarterback Bryce Gray was 15-for-28 for 265 yards and one touchdown.
"They held the ball," Homewood-Flossmoor coach Craig Buzea said. "We certainly didn't get many chances, that was the key. We knew they were capable of doing that. A lot of people tried that, but they have the folks to do it. They have us outmanned by maybe 80 pounds on the line."


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13th February, 2015
3 Min read
Book a Demo
Internap Network Services Corporation, the high-speed IT infrastructure solution provider, announced the availability of its OpenStack-Powered AgileCLOUD offering at the Company's Secaucus, N.J. data center in the New York Metro region. All the aspects of the AgileCLOUD are optimized for performance including route-optimized networking, all-SSD based storage as well as dedicated computing power and various management and optimization tools. The addition of AgileCLOUD will enable customers to link their bare-metal instances and other managed hosting environments with AgileCLOUD not only of this facility but also its other three global AgileCLOUD locations.
Reduce your AWS costs by over 50%
Discover your Cloud Saving Potential – Answer just 5 simple questions. AppsFlyer, Playtika, Lufthansa, IBM, top leading companies are already using our FinOps services.
Read more at CDN Advisor.
Facebook has announced that it has constructed another key hardware component to run the networks in its data centers exactly the way it wants to. Dubbed 6-pack, Facebook's new homebrewed modular switch brings together connections to lots of Facebook-built Wedge switches, which in turn connect to servers sitting in racks inside Facebook's server farms. It has optimized servers and storage hardware in its data centers — and even the buildings themselves. The modular switch, which fits in with the elaborate networking architecture Facebook laid out a few months ago, is the latest effort to perfect its infrastructure.
Full story at VentureBeat.
The venture firm plans to focus on enterprise technologies, particularly software-as-a-service (SaaS) cloud technologies, mobile tech, and tools for helping people work together better. Emergence Capital has closed its fourth fund, Emergence Capital Partners IV, with $335 million. The firm also anticipates making investments in Internet-of-things (IoT) companies as standards around device interoperability mature, giving big companies yet another source of sensor data that can help provide intelligence about the state of their businesses. Emergence is even looking at drones and drone-mounted sensors as a potential enterprise play. The firm is based in San Mateo, California.
Full report at VentureBeat.
Aryaka, the provider of WAN Optimization-as-a-Service, Network-as-a-Service, Application Delivery-as-a-Service and Cloud Networks-as-a-Service, announced that the Company had expanded its global network footprint by adding new Points-of-Presence (PoPs) at Los Angeles and Miami in the United States and at Dubai in UAE for better geographical coverage. The Miami PoP will help serve the traffic from South American region. On the other hand, the Dubai PoP is aimed at improving Aryaka's performance in the Middle-East and hence help the Company expand its operations in that region in with the help of its Fusion partner.
Source: CDN Advisor
Akamai Technologies, the provider of cloud services for delivering, optimizing and securing online content and business applications, announced that Sky Italia has selected Akamai's MCDN solution to achieve maximum control and the highest quality of service of its online content including live and on-demand video. With the Aura MCDN, which provides Sky with dedicated CDN capabilities that are maintained by Akamai, Sky can flexibly scale to support its capacity needs of 100's Gbps and beyond.
The caching as well as local delivery from Akamai has seen almost 25% improvement in content download times and a 10% reduction in bandwidth costs since it is now able to direct the traffic to less expensive telecom networks, which translates into a higher quality of service for its subscribers.
Full story at Akamai.
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I just received two copies of my thesis printed in Helix.
I must say, the quality of the hard cover, printing, the papers and the colors exceeded my expectations! I am going to present my thesis to executives in the company where I work, and can say without hesitation it's a high quality product.
This is the real value of money.
Many thanks, and more copies are coming on the way to the amazing Helix.
What fantastic service, and what a great finished product. Iain was brilliant in ironing out a few glitches (caused by me tbh). I can't praise him or the service provided highly enough. If you want your thesis bound professionally you've found the right place.
Raymond Powell
Good evening Robert,
Thanks ever so much to your and colleagues for your greatly attentive and incredibly speedy service throughout this process. I received the new thesis today in rapid time and it looks great! I'll certainly be leaving some warm reviews for you and your team on Google as a small mark of my grattitude, and do please direct me anywhere else I can leave some positive thoughts if it would be helpful.
My gratitude once again and hoping you have a lovely week ahead,
Just received my bound dissertation from Helix. I had to write this brief message to say thank you so much, it is absolutely stunning. The service, quality, and simplicity of the process is amazing. I cannot recommend your company enough, I will definitely be using you for future binding projects. Many thanks,
One sends off a Masters' dissertation for printing and binding for the first time with a touch of trepidation. Will it be of a quality to match the care spent in research and writing?
It was clear from the moment that the parcel arrived from Helix Binders that the answer is 'yes'. The packaging was best I have seen in years. And the printing and book binding are fully up to expectations. Thank you!
Indeed, I am so impressed that I shall waste no time in converting two earlier dissertations to pdf and dispatching them for printing.
Brian H. Parker, Dartmouth
I just wanted to say thank you for how brilliant my bound dissertation looks. It just arrived and is a fantastic memento of my 3 year MBA journey.
Just a note to say thank you for the amazing binding of my doctorate thesis. I was also very impressed with the speed that it arrived in after my order. The packaging for the delivery was meticulous and they arrived in perfect order.
Thank you again
Antoinette Bewley
I wanted to give a big thank you to you and your team for the absolutely amazing job you did in binding the MA dissertation for me. It was breathtaking the level of care and attention to detail provided by your team and it made me emotional at just how special the right binding can be on what has been a labour of love and hard work. Words seem insufficient to describe just how pleased I am. Thank you, once again and it's a great compliment to see it shown on your website too.
Kindest regards,
Miss Charmaine D'Souza
BA (Hons)
Dear staff at Helix Binders,
just to say a massive thank you for the beautiful binding, of my daughter's dissertation. Your service has been excellent as I only placed the order Monday.
I am looking forward to presenting it to her on her graduation day in November which was delayed from last year due to Covid. I know she will be made up.
She's starting her masters next year so, I'll be back 🙂.
Many thanks
Teresa Agnew
I received my bound copies today and wanted to send you a short email to thank you for a really excellent job. Many thanks indeed!
Best regards,
Jonathan Asher,London
I just wanted to send you an email to say thank you for binding my dissertation. The quality and the standard of the product is so much more than I could ever have hoped for. It is a true keepsake worthy of the 3 years I have put into the degree.
I am planning on doing both a masters and a PhD, I certainly know where I will be going to get them bound!
The delivery was very quick! I am truly blown away and so grateful. Thank you!
Molly Ricketts
I hope you having a beautiful day,
I have collected my thesis today and I am very grateful to the job that you've done. It looks really amazing and just how I wanted it. I am going to put very nice review on google and would recommend all my colleagues about your service.
Really well done, and good.
Hany Zinad, Leeds
The binding and printing of my PhD thesis was absolutely amazing. I was honestly blown away with the quality of this company. Great customer service too, and actually they sent me the 4 copies that I ordered to London before the estimated time. Could not recommend them enough.Andres Mesa, London
My dissertation arrived today. Beautifully printed and a very quick service. Thank you very much. I have already recommended Helix Binders to several friends!
Received my dissertation today after using Helix Binding Service. Absolutely outstanding job and arrived very quickly at a reasonable price. Will definitely be recommending to others. Overall a terrific service. Thank you!
Amy Wright
Helix did an amazing job of binding my dissertation. Excellent service. Quick reply on email regarding a query and the dissertation came really quickly. Thank you so much.
Katie Salter, Exeter
Thank you so much for processing my order, and posting my thesis so quickly. I am absolutely delighted with it. I will be recommending your company. Excellent service
Sean Creaney, Warrington
Today I received my bound thesis from Helix and have to say that I am very impressed, it looks so professional I can't believe I actually wrote it.
Thank you for providing a professional service that I will definitely recommend.
Dr Rose Envy Gateshead
Helix did a fantastic job for us on our school's First World War memorial book. Terrific product, excellent service, friendly and skilled people. I would recommend Helix to anyone.
John Crawford, Langholm Academy
Outstanding service. The only book binders that I could find that would print my unconventional A5 format thesis.
Will be recommending them and will come back here for all future projects.Many thanks,
Scott Drake, Musician, London
Mary Packer on July 15 2018 at 10:111531645897
I'm very grateful for the professional service offered by Helix. They changed the cover of my theses at the last minute and were calm and helpful when I was in a panic. Excellent company and a real person on the end of the telephone who is there, doing the job, as you speak to them. Top class!
I just want to say a huge thank you, the thesis just arrived and it is perfect! The time from order to delivery was speedy, the cover is just as I had imagined, and even with a change of address you were quick to help me out! Thank you so so much,
Alexandra (#2627)
I would like to thank you at Helix for your outstanding service. You have provided me with two prestige bound dissertations. Even when I had made an error you spotted it and informed me immediately, you helped me rectify this with no questions asked. A**** service!! Many thanks!
Hannah Hendry
These guys are amazing. Their website is so easy to use and already includes the requirements for most universities. They are also very accommodating. They fast tracked my order once and another time they reprinted the cover and rebounded my thesis for no additional cost (although I made a mistake). Can't recommend them enough
The service I received from Helix Binders was impeccable throughout the whole process.
I was experiencing some complications with the layout of my dissertation. The company director was happy to speak to me immediately to discuss my queries and immediately able to resolve for me. Further queries were also instantly followed up via email and phone call.
Extremely satisfied. I would recommend this company to all.Sarah Williams
I just wanted to say a massive thank you for quick and professional service! The copy of my dissertation arrived today and I'm super happy with it!
Thanks so much!
Lea Bluemel, Oxford
I received my thesis today - beautiful job! Even with the complication of multiple bank/public holidays, delivery was still speedy. Great quality at an exceptional price - have recommended to friends! Thank you.
Steffi McCarroll, Ayrshire
Thank you so much for the professional service both the ability to contact directly and the fast delivery to university. very good value much cheaper than other companies. I could not recommend them more. I certainly will be recommending to all of my friends when they will be submitting.
Denise Lovett, Kent
Just had confirmation of the delivery of my thesis, it will arrive tomorrow, this is perfect, thank you for such a great service.
Jamie Honeywood, London
I received my thesis yesterday and just want to thank you for your excellent service and quality of your work.
Michela Bonavia, London
Thank you so much for your prompt, efficient and helpful service in printing and binding my thesis just before Christmas.
Darren Umney, Milton Keynes
My order arrived today and I just wanted to say thank-you so much! It's finished beautifully and perfectly immortalises a project which took a considerable amount of my time. Great customer service, great contact despite being based many miles away and you met my every pernickety expectation – couldn't be happier.
Thanks again and should I ever have future binding requirements I'll be sure to send them your way!
Thanks, Claire McDougall, Cardiff
I just want to say a huge thank you for your friendly, helpful and extremely effcient service of printing and binding my dissertation copies to such a high standard. I was really grateful for your friendliness and helpfulness and was delighted with the finished product. Thank you again.
Alison Craig, Winchester
The order was delivered yesterday and I just want to say how pleased I am with the result. I've already referred a friend to you and I will be in contact later this year for the hard bound order of my thesis. Many thanks.
David Evans, Gloucester
Thanks again for your invaluable service. I shall definitely recommend you to other friends of mine who are currently close to completing their thesis.
Michalis Hadjikakou, Surrey
Rosie is delighted with the finished copies. I am sorry not to let you know sooner but I went to Germany on Saturday afternoon and have only just returned. We are both really grateful for the trouble you took to bind the project so beautifully and for sending them back so quickly.
Helen, Hertfordshire
My dissertation arrived today, you guys have done a thoroughly professional job, the binding is first class, I am very impressed.
Matt Dickinson, Pewsey
Just to let you know that I received my dissertations by courier yesterday. I am delighted with them even the gold print is stronger. I only chose your company because you were the only company able to print my full title on my thesis, something many of my fellow students struggle with also. Therefore as you can imagine I really wanted it to look great. Thank you for sorting out the problem so quickly.
Kate Eugeni, Birkenhead
The parcel arrived today. Thank you; it is a beautiful job. I am glad I trusted your judgement over the cream paper, which works aesthetically and practically. After such a lot of sweated labour producing the thing, it is nice to have such an elegant physical result.
Simon Wills, Composer, St Albans
I just wanted to say thank you very much for my theses, they are very professional. I'm very happy with them.
Rachel Williams, Wareham
Comments: 17 (Add)
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For information about any of our services, please feel free to call 01324 629025 or email us.


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I kept getting invalid login. I tried different passwords, and still kept getting invalid passwords. So, I clicked on the "Forgot Password" link and waited.
Nothing. Waited some more. Still nothing.
So, I sent them an email asking if accounts "expire" after a while.
I get reply that they moved their eStore to a different database and lost all the costumer details.
The part that doesn't compute? I'm still getting emails from them about sales at the eStore and specials at Wacom.


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Fruit Ninja VR
Fruit Ninja VR – Full Version – PC Game – Compressed – Free Download
Game Info:
Size: 268 MB
Crack: Not Required
Genre: Action
Release Date: 7 Jul, 2016
Developer: Halfbrick Studios Pty Ltd
Publisher: Halfbrick Studios Pty Ltd
Fruit Ninja VR is a Action video game. The juiciest, most action-packed burst of fruit-filled fun is here! Re-imagined by the immersive power of virtual reality, Fruit Ninja VR brings you closer to the action than ever before. Strike in the night or hide in plain sight. Take a moment amidst the chaos to witness the transition from sun-filled skies to dazzling starry nights! We Facilitate you with 100% working PC game setup, full version, free download for everyone!
Minimum System Requirements:
OS: Windows 7/8/10
CPU: Intel i5-4590 / AMD FX 8350
Video Card: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970 / AMD Radeon R9 290
Space Required: 500 MB
DirectX: 9.0c
How to Install:
Extract the game using Winrar or 7zip.
Open "Fruit Ninja VR" >> "Game" folder.
Double click on "Fruit Ninja VR" icon to play the game. Enjoy!
Click the Below Button to Proceed to Download Page
File Password: arealgamer


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Update: Amver Duo Rescues Minouche Crew
The timber carrier Falcon Arrow and the Ro-Ro Cronus Leader, both members of the Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Rescue System (Amver), assisted the U.S. Coast Guard rescue 12 seafarers who abandoned their sinking 212-foot cargo ship Minouche beset by heavy weather from Hurricane Joaquin October 1 after their ship began taking on water 51 miles north of Haiti.
The Bolivian-flagged Minouche activated their Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) after it began taking on water.
"We've lost engines, are listing 30 degrees to port and had two cargo booms break loose…," the crew reported in an email to rescue authorities.
Coast Guard authorities in Miami launched a rescue helicopter and diverted the Coast Guard Cutter Northland, along with querying the Amver system and diverting the Falcon Arrow and the Cronus Leader.
The two Amver ships arrived on scene and battled 30-knot winds and waves greater than 15 feet to provide a lee for the 12 crewmen in a life raft while the helicopter began hoisting the survivors and transporting them to shore. All 12 mariners were safely rescued and transported by helicopter to the Bahamas.
The Cronus Leader, managed by NYK Lines, enrolled in Amver on November 30, 2008 and earned six Amver participation awards. The Falcon Arrow, a general cargo ship managed by GearBulk, enrolled in Amver on January 1, 1987 and has earned 25 Amver participation awards.


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Thank you for your interest in Ansrer. If you have any inquiries or would like to have a conversation with us, please feel free to reach out. We would be more than happy to hear from you.
For any business inquiries, please contact us via email at firstname.lastname@example.com. We will respond to your email as soon as possible.
Pushpak Prabhat · Content Writer & Web Developer


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A simple, yet powerful admin light that goes anywhere you go.
Output & Specs:
Length: 3.640″
Bezel Diameter: .625″
Output: 350 Lumens (High), 35 lumens (Low): 40% more lumen output than the closest competitor.
Run-Time: 45 minutes (High) and 6+ hours (Low)
Momentary and constant-on function.
Reversible pocket clip for a variety of carry and user options.
Fully rechargeable 10440 battery via an integrated USB-C port.
Chicro includes the light, battery, and charging cord.
Why Outsource?
Because Cloud Defensive designs great lights but we focus our American manufacturing and assembly bandwidth on the lights that you bet your life on. Things like weapon mounted lights and duty lights are all made right here in the USA in our facility. However, a much needed and very small admin light does not meet that same life saving threshold. So, we designed the light, created all the specs, and sent it offshore to a trusted manufacturing partner. Outsourcing frees us up internally to make the lights you bet your life on. It allows you to get high quality admin tools cost-effectively. It opens up our product catalog and it gives you options in the market. The concept checked all the right boxes. And just like that, the Chinese Micro admin light was born.
Why Chicro?
And in true Cloud-fashion, we wanted to be as transparent as possible about the origin of this flashlight. Nothing is more transparent than naming the Chinese Micro admin light, the Chicro. It's also hilarious and we'll be poking fun at ourselves along the way as you may have guessed.
It's worth noting the price is right with the Chicro. By leveraging that off-shore manufacturing, we're able to bring this admin light to you at an absurdly good price. And that's a great thing because you'll want them in your pocket, on your nightstand, in your desk, in your cars, in your kitchen, in your toolboxes, basically everywhere. And at this price point you can make that happen without breaking the bank.
Chicro is the perfect admin tool at a great price.