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The 65th Grammy Awards Ceremony
Controversies sparked yet again after this year's Grammy awards.
February 27, 2023
The 65th Grammy Awards ceremony occurred on February 5th, 2023. There were more than 91 categories with awards presented to a variety of artists, composers, producers, and writers. It features a night of extravagant costumes, beautiful performances, and carefully crafted speeches.
Notable Winners:
• Record of the Year – Lizzo, "About D**n Time"
• Album of the Year – Harry Styles, Harry's House
• Song of the Year – Bonnie Raitt, "Just Like That"
• Best New Artist – Samara Joy
• Best Pop Album – Harry Styles, Harry's House
• Best Dance Album – Beyoncé, Renaissance
• Best Rap Album – Kendrick Lamar, Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers
• Best Country Album – Willie Nelson, A Beautiful Time
• Best Musical Theatre Album – 2022 Broadway Cast, Into the Woods
• Best Movie/TV Soundtrack – Germaine Franco, Encanto
• Best Video Game Soundtrack – Stephanie Economou, Assassin's Creed Valhalla: Dawn Of Ragnarok
• Best Music Video – Taylor Swift, All To Well: The Short Film
Beyoncé has officially broken the record for total Grammys won, sitting at 32 wins. She was nominated for nine Grammys and received four. Kendrick Lamar was nominated for eight Grammys and received three. Brandi Carlile and Adele were nominated for seven. Carlile won three awards and Adele received one. Kirk Franklin and Bonnie Raitt each won three Grammys. Doja Cat was nominated for five Grammys and received none. DJ Khaled was nominated for six and received none.
Criticism of the Grammys
The event has always had a reputation for 'sweeps'. One artist, composer, or producer can 'sweep' the Grammys by receiving a large number of awards in the main categories. The first to 'sweep' the Grammys was Christopher Cross after he won the Album of the Year, Record of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best New Artist, known as the Big Four. The most recent to sweep the Grammys was Billie Eilish in the 2020 Grammys. She received the Big Four all in one night, becoming the only other person to receive all four in a single night.
The Grammys has been one of the most uniformly criticized awards ceremonies since it began. There are thousands of artists and millions of songs that the committee has to take into consideration. They have a limited number of nominations and awards. Music fans always have opinions on who was snubbed, who was overrepresented, and who bribed who. More recently, considerations have shifted to include the Grammys' lack of awareness.
The Grammy Awards take millions of dollars to put together. The thousand dollar awards, lavish food, and expensive furnishings require a lot of time and effort. On top of that ceremony itself, artists have begun creating outfits worth hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars. Fans have long criticized the most opulent of outfits, from Jennifer Lawrence to Audrey Hepburn. Many artists make relatability a huge aspect of their music, so fans feel disheartened seeing them in a $20,000 Swarovski crystal dress.
And it's not just the fans who have had issues with the Grammys. For a long time, artists have accused the ceremony of being rigged. Artists will come out of nowhere and sweep the awards show, leaving more popular artists to question the committee. Some believe that artists have bribed the committees to nominate or even award them, as a Grammy nomination can jumpstart a career. The Weeknd, Nicki Minaj, Eminem, and Halsey have consistently made allegations and criticism of the awards show and selection process.
What do the Fans Think?
We surveyed viewers of the awards show to see what they thought of this year's awards.
"Harry Styles should not have won," stated Brooke Seminazzi, 12.
Harry Styles' work won three Grammys: Album of the Year, Best Pop Vocal Album, and Best Non-Classical Engineered Album. In his award speech, he claimed that "people like him" do not often get these awards. Fans have criticized this comment for being insensitive to minority and underprivileged communities.
"I think that Unholy winning best pop group performance was a horrible mistake," stated Vitalia Badarancea, 12.
"Unholy" is a duet song between Kim Petras and Sam Smith. Many have criticized its nomination, claiming that the song is tacky or not Grammy-worthy.
"I heard that they didn't have Spanish subtitles for Bad Bunny during the live broadcast and just put that he was 'speaking non-English', which like—you couldn't even put 'speaking Spanish'?" stated Ariana Gonzalez, 12.
Bad Bunny was the opening performer for the Grammys. He has many songs that feature and highlight Spanish lyrics. The awards show has always featured subtitles for English speakers, but this year they had no subtitles for the Spanish songs featured during performances. Fans felt that it was lazy on the part of the organizers, as it did not even say the language being sung or the song.
"I heard about the 'no its Ashley' thing," stated Violet Olsen, 12.
This is in reference to a TikTok influencer, NoItsAshley13, who claimed she would be going to the Grammys. Ashley became popular because of her similar appearance to Taylor Swift. Ashley had claimed that a brand invited her to the Grammys and then rescinded it the night before she was flying out. She was devastated, advising her fans to steer clear of scams like that. Taylor Swift fans then began to mock her, inferring that she should have known it was a scam. They referenced a phrase, "No, its Becky," which long-time Taylor Swift fans will recognize as a Tumblr interaction popularized when Taylor wore a shirt featuring the phrase. The "No, its Ashley" meme has quickly spread throughout Taylor Swift fans.
You can see the results of the poll and contribute your own opinion using this link. Just take the poll and click "see previous answers" to look at others' opinions.


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Starting a vegetable garden can be a rewarding and enjoyable experience. Not only does it provide you with fresh and nutritious produce, but it also allows you to connect with nature and get some physical exercise. However, deciding what to grow in your vegetable garden can be a daunting task, especially if you are a beginner. In this article, we will explore some of the best vegetables to grow in your garden, taking into consideration factors such as ease of cultivation, yield, and nutritional value.
Tomatoes are a popular choice for vegetable gardens due to their versatility and nutritional value. They are rich in vitamins A and C, as well as lycopene, an antioxidant that has been linked to various health benefits. Tomatoes are relatively easy to grow, and there are many varieties to choose from, including cherry tomatoes, beefsteak tomatoes, and heirloom tomatoes. They can be grown in containers or directly in the ground, but they require full sun and well-drained soil. Tomatoes also benefit from regular pruning and staking to keep the plants upright and prevent diseases.
Lettuce is another excellent choice for a vegetable garden, particularly for those who enjoy fresh salads. It is a cool-season crop that can be grown in spring and fall. Lettuce prefers well-drained soil and partial shade, as full sun can cause it to bolt and become bitter. There are many different types of lettuce to choose from, including leaf lettuce, romaine lettuce, and butterhead lettuce. Lettuce is a fast-growing vegetable, and you can harvest the leaves as soon as they reach the desired size.
Zucchini is a versatile and prolific vegetable that is relatively easy to grow. It belongs to the squash family and produces an abundance of summer squash. Zucchini plants thrive in fertile soil and full sun. They require regular watering and benefit from mulching to conserve moisture. Zucchini plants can be grown directly in the ground or in containers, but they do require a large amount of space due to their sprawling nature. Harvesting zucchini regularly promotes continuous production and prevents them from becoming too large and tough.
Peppers are a popular vegetable to grow in a garden due to their vibrant colors and spicy flavors. There are many varieties to choose from, including bell peppers, jalapeno peppers, and chili peppers. Peppers require full sun and well-drained soil. They benefit from regular watering and fertilization to promote healthy growth. Peppers can be harvested when they reach the desired size and color. They can be eaten raw, cooked, or preserved through methods such as pickling or drying.
Carrots are a root vegetable that is rich in vitamins and fiber. They are relatively easy to grow and can be planted directly in the ground. Carrots prefer loose, well-drained soil and require full sun. They should be watered regularly to prevent the roots from becoming tough and woody. Carrots come in a variety of colors, including orange, purple, yellow, and white. They can be harvested when they reach the desired size, usually around 60-80 days after planting. Carrots can be eaten raw, cooked, or used in a variety of recipes.
When deciding what to grow in your vegetable garden, it is important to consider factors such as ease of cultivation, yield, and nutritional value. Tomatoes, lettuce, zucchini, peppers, and carrots are all excellent choices for a vegetable garden. They offer a range of flavors, colors, and textures, and can be used in a variety of recipes. By growing your own vegetables, you can enjoy the satisfaction of harvesting your own fresh produce and reap the numerous health benefits that come with it.


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The TGF-β-related molecule Nodal plays an essential and conserved role in left-right patterning of the vertebrate embryo. Previous reports have shown that the zebrafish and mouse Cerberus-related proteins Charon and Cerberus-like-2 (Cerl-2), respectively, act in the node region to prevent the Nodal signal from crossing to the right side, whereas chick Cerberus (cCer)has an unclear function in the left-side mesoderm. In this study, we investigate the transcriptional regulation and function of cCer in left-right development. By analyzing the enhancer activity of cCer 5′genomic sequences in electroporated chick embryos, we identified a cCer left-side enhancer that contains two FoxH1 and one SMAD binding site. We show that these Nodal-responsive elements are necessary and sufficient for the activation of transcription in the left-side mesoderm. In transgenic mouse embryos, cCer regulatory sequences behave as in chick embryos, suggesting that the cis-regulatory sequences of Cerberus-related genes have diverged during vertebrate evolution. Moreover, our findings from cCer overexpression and knockdown experiments indicate that cCer is a negative-feedback regulator of Nodal asymmetric signaling. We propose that cCer and mouse Cerl-2 have evolved distinct regulatory mechanisms but retained a conserved function in left-right development, which is to restrict Nodal activity to the left side of the embryo.
Chick Cerberus (cCer; also known as Caronte) is a member of the Cerberus-Dan family of cysteine-knot-secreted proteins(Rodriguez Esteban et al.,1999; Yokouchi et al.,1999; Zhu et al.,1999). Cerberus-related proteins have been identified in other vertebrate species: the founding member Xenopus Cerberus (XCer)(Bouwmeester et al., 1996),zebrafish Charon (Hashimoto et al.,2004), mouse Cerberus-like (hereafter denominated Cerl-1)(Belo et al., 1997; Biben et al., 1998; Shawlot et al., 1998) and mouse Cerberus-like-2 (Cerl-2; also known as Dand5 or Dante)(Marques et al., 2004). Xenopus XCer, mouse Cerl-1 and chick Cer genes are syntenic(www.metazome.net)and, at early stages, are expressed in equivalent embryonic structures, such as the anterior endomesoderm, anterior visceral endoderm and hypoblast,respectively (Bouwmeester et al.,1996; Belo et al.,1997; Foley et al.,2000). Mouse Cerl-1 and chick Cer transcripts are also detected in the anterior definitive mesendoderm(Belo et al., 1997; Rodriguez Esteban et al.,1999). However, at later stages, Cerberus-related genes have very distinct patterns: XCer expression is no longer detected,mouse Cerl-1 transcripts are found in nascent somites and presomitic mesoderm, zebrafish charon and mouse Cerl-2 are expressed around the node region (Cerl-2 expression levels are higher on the right side), and chick Cer is expressed in the left paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm (Bouwmeester et al.,1996; Belo et al.,1997; Rodriguez Esteban et al., 1999; Marques et al.,2004; Hashimoto et al.,2004). The understanding of how these different patterns of expression are generated may bring some insights into the evolution of Cerberus-related genes and their functions in the different vertebrate species.
A conserved regulator of vertebrate left-right patterning is Nodal, a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)family of signaling molecules that is expressed in the node region and left lateral plate mesoderm (reviewed by Hamada et al., 2002; Schier,2003). In the mouse embryo, Nodal activity is restricted to the left side by Cerl-2 (Marques et al.,2004), by the midline barrier and by Lefty2, a Nodal antagonist also expressed in the left lateral plate mesoderm (reviewed by Juan and Hamada, 2001). The left-side expression of Nodal and Lefty2 is directly regulated by Nodal itself. Our present findings demonstrate that cCerasymmetric expression is also directly activated by Nodal signaling and suggest that the cis-regulatory sequences of Cerberus-related genes have diverged among vertebrates.
Zebrafish charon, mouse Cerl-2 and chick Cerhave all been implicated in the determination of the left-right axis, but their functions seem to differ: zebrafish charon and mouse Cerl-2 have a role in preventing Nodal signals from crossing to the right side (Hashimoto et al.,2004; Marques et al.,2004), whereas chick Cer was reported to have a role in transferring the positional information from the node to the left lateral plate mesoderm (Rodriguez Esteban et al.,1999; Yokouchi et al.,1999). At the molecular level, Cerberus-related proteins behave as antagonists of members of the TGF-β family(Hsu et al., 1998; Rodriguez Esteban et al.,1999; Piccolo et al.,1999; Belo et al.,2000). During left-right patterning, zebrafish Charon and mouse Cerl-2 proteins were shown to act as Nodal antagonists(Hashimoto et al., 2004; Marques et al., 2004), whereas cCer has been proposed to act as a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist(Rodriguez Esteban et al.,1999; Yokouchi et al.,1999). Chick Cer would allow the expression of Nodal in the left lateral plate mesoderm by inhibiting the repressive activity of BMPs on Nodal transcription. However, more recent reports have shown that BMP signaling is indeed essential for the activation of Nodal expression in the left lateral plate (Piedra and Ros,2002; Schlange et al.,2002), leaving the role of cCer in left-right patterning unexplained. Our results from overexpression and knockdown experiments demonstrate that cCer acts as a negative regulator of Nodal expression and prevents Nodal signaling from crossing to the right side. In conclusion, we propose that chick Cer, zebrafish Charon and mouse Cerl-2 evolved different regulatory mechanisms but retained a similar role in restricting Nodal activity to the left side.
Isolation of a cCer genomic clone and sequence analysis
A cCer genomic clone (clone MPMGc125J2191Q3 from RZPD, Germany)was isolated by screening a chicken cosmid library (RZPD no. 125) with a cCer sequence probe (gift from J. C. Izpisúa Belmonte, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA). Shorter DNA fragments of this clone were introduced into pBluescriptIIKS (Stratagene), sequenced and identified as containing the 5′, cDNA, intronic and 3′ regions of the cCer gene.
To recognize possible binding sites for known transcription factors, cCer 5′ genomic sequences were analyzed using MatInspector Professional release 7.4 (Quandt et al.,1995).
To identify the transcription initiation site(s), 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends was performed using total RNA from HH3-9 chick embryos and the RLM-RACE kit (Ambion). PCR products were size-fractionated by agarose gel electrophoresis, purified using a gel extraction kit (Qiagen),cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega) and sequenced.
DNA constructs and morpholinos
cCer 5′ genomic sequences were subcloned into an enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) reporter vector containing the EGFPcoding sequence and the SV40 early mRNA polyadenylation signals from pEGFP-N3(Clontech). Deletions or point mutations of FoxH1- and SMAD-binding elements were designed according to the literature(Zhou et al., 1998; Mostert et al., 2001) and introduced into the Cer0.36-EGFP construct by PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis.
For the enhancer assays, cCer genomic sequences were either amplified by PCR (PCR1-5) or synthesized as complementary oligonucleotides,and subcloned into the p1229-EGFP enhancer-less vector. This vector carries the human β-globin minimal promoter and was generated by replacing the lacZ gene in the β-globinlacZ BGZA or p1229 vector(Yee and Rigby, 1993) with the EGFP coding sequence (Clontech).
Chick expression plasmids were based on a modified pCAGGS-MCS vector (gift from D. Henrique, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal)(Niwa et al., 1991). The coding sequence of Xenopus Cerberus-short (XCerS) was amplified by PCR from a pCS2-XCerS vector (gift from S. Piccolo)(Piccolo et al., 1999). The cCer coding sequence (cCerCDS) was isolated by reverse transcriptase(RT)-PCR according to the published sequence (GenBank accession no. AF179484)(Rodriguez Esteban et al.,1999) and subcloned into the XhoI and NotI sites of pCAGGS-MCS.
The pCAGGS-RFP vector (gift from D. Henrique), carrying the cDNA of monomeric red fluorescent protein (RFP; Clontech)(Campbell et al., 2002) under the control of the CAGGS promoter, was used to control the extent and efficiency of electroporation.
To generate the luciferase (luc) reporter constructs, cCerregulatory sequences were amplified by PCR (using Cer-EGFP plasmids as template) and subcloned into the pGL2-Basic vector (Promega).
Fluorescein-tagged antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (cCer MO:5′-CATGGTCCTGCTGATGCTGTAGATC-3′; cCer CoMO:5′-CATcGTCgTGCTcATGaTGTAcATC-3′, mismatches in lowercase) were designed and produced by Gene Tools. The efficacy of cCer morpholinos to inhibit the translation of Cer-Luc reporter constructs was tested in a cell-free transcription/translation system (see Fig. S3 in the supplementary material) (Summerton et al.,1997).
Bead implantation and whole-mount in situ hybridization
Fertilized chicken eggs (Quinta da Freiria) were incubated at 37.5°C for the appropriate period. Embryos were staged according to Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) (Hamburger and Hamilton,1951), explanted at HH stage 4-7 (HH4-7) together with the vitelline membrane and anchored to a metacrilate ring according to the protocol of New (New, 1955). Affigel-blue beads (Bio-Rad) were soaked in Shh protein [1 mg/ml in 0.1%bovine serum albumin (BSA)/phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); R&D Systems];heparin acrylic beads (Sigma) were soaked in recombinant Nodal protein (0.5 mg/ml; R&D Systems); and AG1-X2 anion-exchange beads (Bio-Rad) were soaked either in SU5402 [3 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); Calbiochem](Mohammadi et al., 1997) or in SB-431542 (10 mM in DMSO; Tocris) (Inman et al., 2002). Treated embryos were cultured at 37.5°C in a humid chamber, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and processed for whole-mount in situ hybridization.
Whole-mount in situ hybridization on chicken and mouse embryos was performed as described by Liguori et al.(Liguori et al., 2003). Detailed descriptions of the RNA probes used are available from the authors on request. Embryos were developed with BM purple (Roche) for purple color and with INT/BCIP (Roche) for orange.
Embryo electroporation
Embryos were processed for New culture(New, 1955) at HH3-5 and transferred into a silicon rubber pool containing a 2 mm-square cathode(CY700-1Y electrode; Nepa Gene). The ring was then covered with warmed Hank's buffer (GibcoBRL) and the embryo was injected with a DNA solution (0.5-3 mg/ml; 0.1% Fast Green; Sigma) using a pulled glass capillary and an IM-300 microinjector (Narishige). Electroporation was performed by placing a 2 mm-square anode (CY700-2 electrode; Nepa Gene) over the embryo and applying five pulses (10 V for 50 ms at 350 ms intervals) using a square wave electroporator (ECM830; BTX). The embryo was then placed on a 30 mm Petri dish with albumen (New, 1995), incubated for the appropriate period of time(7-48h), and observed under a fluorescence stereomicroscope (Leica MZ16FA).
Luciferase reporter assay
Capped sense mouse Nodal mRNA was synthesized using the mMessage mMachine kit (Ambion). Eggs were obtained from Xenopus laevisfemales, cultured and microinjected as previously described(Medina et al., 2000). Embryonic stages were determined according to Nieuwkoop and Faber(Nieuwkoop and Faber, 1967). Xenopus embryos were injected in each animal blastomere of the eight-cell stage with a total of 200 pg of reporter plasmid, with or without Nodal mRNA (50 pg), and 25 pg of pTK-Renilla luciferase. Animal caps were isolated from the blastula stage, cultured until sibling embryos reached stage 12 and lysed in 20 μL of passive lysis buffer per cap. Firefly and Renilla luciferase values were obtained by analyzing 20 μL lysate by the standard protocol provided in the Dual Luciferase Assay kit (Promega) in a luminometer (MicroLumatPlus, Berthold Technologies). Each assay was performed in triplicate and repeated independently at least twice.
Generation of transgenic mouse embryos
The transgenic mouse line Cer2.5-EGFP was generated by microinjection of linearized reporter construct DNA into the pronuclei of fertilized eggs from FVB mice, as described(Nagy et al., 2003). F1 embryos were collected from embryonic day (E)7.5 to E10.5, observed under a fluorescence stereomicroscope (Leica MZ16FA), fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and processed for whole-mount in situ hybridization. For histological analyses,embryos were embedded in gelatin, cryosectioned and photographed under a fluorescence microscope (Leica DMRA2). In some slides, cell nuclei were labeled with DAPI (Molecular Probes).
Nodal signaling regulates cCer expression in the left-side mesoderm
In the chick embryo, sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling positively regulates Nodal asymmetric expression(Pagán-Westphal and Tabin,1998). In turn, Nodal was shown to induce the expression of XCer (Osada et al.,2000) and mouse Cerl-1(Waldrip et al., 1998; Brennan et al., 2001). Therefore, the induction of cCer expression by Shh(Rodriguez Esteban et al.,1999; Yokouchi et al.,1999; Zhu et al.,1999) might be mediated by Nodal. To test this hypothesis, beads soaked in recombinant mouse Nodal protein were implanted on the right side of HH6 chick embryos and cCer expression was examined by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Indeed, ectopic expression of cCer was observed in the right-side mesoderm of these embryos (81%, n=33, Fig. 1A-F). cCer was also induced in embryos electroporated with a Dorsalin-Nodalexpression construct (pCAGGS-DcNodal)(Bertocchini and Stern, 2002),but with less efficiency (35%, n=23, data not shown).
It has been suggested that Shh induces Nodal in the chick lateral plate mesoderm via a secondary signal(Pagán-Westphal and Tabin,1998). In the mouse embryo, Nodal expression in the left lateral plate mesoderm is directly activated by Nodal protein produced in the node (Saijoh et al., 2003; Yamamoto et al., 2003). Accordingly, we observed that exogenous Nodal protein is able to activate Nodal expression in the right lateral plate mesoderm of chick embryos(68%, n=19, Fig. 1C-F). Nodal protein induced ectopic cCer expression in less than 1 hour (73%, n=11, Fig. 1B and data not shown) and Nodal expression in approximately 2 hours (71%, n=7, Fig. 1D), whereas beads soaked in Shh protein started to activate cCer and Nodaltranscription no sooner than 4-5 hours after implantation (66%, n=6, Fig. 1H; 0% 2 hours after implantation, n=5, data not shown). Taken together, these observations suggest that the transcription of cCer and Nodal is directly regulated by Nodal.
To determine whether endogenous Nodal signaling is necessary for cCer expression, chick embryos were electroporated with a pCAGGS expression vector containing the Nodal-specific antagonist Xenopus Cerberus-short (XCerS)(Piccolo et al., 1999; Bertocchini and Stern, 2002). Embryos were co-electroporated with pCAGGS-red fluorescent protein (RFP) and initially scored for the co-localization of RFP fluorescence and XCerS mRNA (data not shown). As expected, the inhibition of Nodal by XCerS resulted in the downregulation of cCer (89%, n=9, Fig. 1J) and Nodal(85%, n=13, data not shown), whereas control electroporations had no effect (n=10, Fig. 1I). Similarly, cCer expression was also repressed by SB-431542, an inhibitor of Nodal receptors (88%, n=16, see Fig. S1 in the supplementary material). Therefore, we conclude that endogenous Nodal signaling is required for normal activation of cCer and Nodal expression in the left lateral plate mesoderm. In addition,ectopic induction of cCer by Shh protein was inhibited by XCerS (86%, n=7, Fig. 1L), which demonstrates that Nodal signaling is required for the activation of cCer expression by Shh.
Identification of the cCer left-side enhancer
To investigate further whether cCer is a direct target of Nodal signaling, we analyzed the regulatory sequences responsible for cCertranscription in the left-side mesoderm. For this, cCer 5′genomic sequences of different lengths were subcloned into an enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) reporter vector (Cer-EGFP constructs) and introduced into chick embryos by microinjection and electroporation in New culture (New, 1955). A representation of these constructs and their electroporation results are summarized in Fig. 2A.
Our initial results showed that a 2.5 kb DNA fragment upstream of the ATG of cCer (Cer2.5) was able to drive the expression of EGFPinto the cell populations that express cCer (i.e. the anterior mesendoderm and left paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm)(Rodriguez Esteban et al.,1999; Yokouchi et al.,1999; Zhu et al.,1999). Fluorescent cells are later detected in the foregut and heart (data not shown), which are derivatives of the chick anterior mesendoderm. The subsequent analysis of EGFP expression driven by shorter fragments (Cer0.9, Cer0.4 and Cer0.36) revealed a similar pattern(Fig. 3A,C, and data not shown). However, left-side expression was specifically disrupted in embryos electroporated with Cer0.34-EGFP and shorter constructs (data not shown). These observations indicate that the cCer left-side enhancer is located in the 360 bp 5′ region and that the -360 to -340 sequence contains an essential regulatory element.
FoxH1 and SMAD elements are essential for cCer enhancer activity in the left-side mesoderm
To confirm that cCer left-side expression is directly activated by Nodal, we first analyzed the cCer left-side enhancer sequence and looked for the presence of FoxH1- and SMAD-binding sites. These transcription factors are nuclear effectors of the Nodal signaling pathway (reviewed in Schier and Shen, 2000) and were shown to directly regulate the asymmetric expression of the Nodal,Lefty2 and Pitx2 genes(Saijoh et al., 2000; Osada et al., 2000; Yashiro et al., 2000; Shiratori et al., 2001). Sequence analysis of the cCer 360 bp 5′ region (Cer0.36) using MatInspector software (Professional release 7.4) revealed the presence of a possible TATA box at -60, and consensus binding sites for several putative regulators of cCer transcription, including two FoxH1 and one SMAD element (Fig. 2B).
To determine whether the FoxH1 elements (F1 and F2) or the SMAD element (S)are necessary for the regulation of cCer asymmetric expression, we constructed Cer0.36-EGFP reporter vectors containing deletions (del)or mutations (mut) in each one of those sites that were previously shown to disrupt their activity (F1del, F1mut, F2del, F2mut, Sdel and Smut)(Zhou et al., 1998; Mostert et al., 2001)(indicated in Fig. 2B). Each of the F1del, F1mut, F2del, F2mut, Sdel and Smut constructs was electroporated into chick embryos, and EGFP fluorescence was analyzed both in the anterior mesendoderm and in the left-side mesoderm (results are summarized in Fig. 2C). All constructs were able to drive EGFP expression in the anterior mesendoderm(Fig. 3B and data not shown),but left-side expression was specifically abolished(Fig. 3D and data not shown). These observations demonstrate that the FoxH1 and SMAD sites in Cer0.36 are essential for the induction or maintenance of left-side transcription.
In addition, the functions of the FoxH1 and SMAD elements in the cCer left-side enhancer were quantified in luciferase reporter assays with Xenopus animal caps. The Cer0.36 reporter construct was clearly activated in the presence of Nodal(Fig. 3I). However, luciferase activity was reduced with the introduction of mutations in one of the FoxH1 or SMAD elements (F1mut, Smut and F2mut constructs; Fig. 3I). Taken together, our results indicate that the cCer left-side enhancer is directly activated by the Nodal-FoxH1/SMAD signaling pathway.
FoxH1 and SMAD elements are sufficient to activate the cCerleft-side enhancer
We next investigated whether the FoxH1 and SMAD elements in the cCer left-side enhancer are sufficient to induce left-side expression. For this, potential regulatory sequences were subcloned into enhancerless vectors that contain the human beta-globin minimal promoter upstream of either the EGFP or the luciferase reporter gene. The potential enhancer sequences tested were either shorter fragments of Cer0.36 (PCR1-5) or combinations of individual FoxH1 (F) and SMAD (S)elements (FSF, FF and FS; results are summarized in Fig. 2D). Embryos electroporated with PCR1, PCR2, PCR4, FF or FS did not display EGFPexpression in the left-side mesoderm (Fig. 3F,H, and data not shown). By contrast, asymmetric expression was detected in embryos electroporated with the PCR3, PCR5 or FSF constructs(Fig. 3E,G, and data not shown). Accordingly, luciferase activities of the reporter constructs that lack one of the FoxH1 or SMAD elements (PCR1, PCR2, FS and FF) were severely reduced when compared with those of PCR3 or FSF(Fig. 3J). These observations indicate that the FSF module in the cCer left-side enhancer is sufficient to activate asymmetric expression.
Regulation of the cCer left-side enhancer by Nodal signaling
Asymmetric expression of cCer is induced by Shh on the left side and repressed by fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) on the right side(Rodriguez Esteban et al.,1999; Yokouchi et al.,1999; Zhu et al.,1999). To investigate whether the cCer enhancer region is also regulated by these signaling molecules, chick embryos were electroporated with Cer0.4-EGFP and grafted on the right side of the node with beads soaked either in Shh protein or in the FGF receptor-1 inhibitor SU5402. In addition to the expected left-side pattern, EGFP expression was activated on the right side both by the Shh protein (100%, n=10, Fig. 4C) and by SU5402 (62%, n=13, Fig. 4D). These observations demonstrate that the cCer left-side enhancer is regulated by Shh and FGF signaling in the same way as cCerexpression.
To confirm that cCer enhancer activity is regulated by Nodal,embryos were electroporated with the Cer0.4-EGFP reporter construct and grafted with beads soaked in Nodal protein. As expected, Nodal was able to ectopically induce EGFP expression in the right-side mesoderm (100%, n=11, Fig. 4B; compare with control, n=5, Fig. 4A). Conversely, when embryos were co-electroporated with the PCR5-EGFP reporter construct and the Nodal antagonist XCerS(pCAGGS-XCerS), cCer enhancer activity was specifically repressed in the left-side mesoderm (64%, n=11, Fig. 4F; compare with control, n=4, Fig. 4E). XCerS did not have an effect on anterior mesendoderm expression (n=4, Fig. 4G,H). These observations indicate that Nodal signaling is required for the regulation of cCertranscription in the left-side mesoderm.
cCer regulatory region is active in the left-side mesoderm of transgenic mouse embryos
Chick and mouse Cerberus-related genes have both coincident and distinct domains of expression during embryonic development. At early stages,chick Cer and mouse Cerl-1 are both expressed in equivalent embryonic structures, such as the anterior mesendoderm(Rodriguez Esteban et al.,1999; Belo et al.,1997). However, at later stages, chick Cer is expressed in the left-side mesoderm (Rodriguez Esteban et al., 1999; Yokouchi et al., 1999; Zhu et al.,1999) (see also Fig. 1A), whereas mouse Cerl-1 expression is found in the rostral domain of the nascent somites and presomitic mesoderm(Belo et al., 1997) and mouse Cerl-2 is expressed in the node region(Marques et al., 2004). In order to determine whether the upstream regulators of cCer expression are conserved in mouse, we generated a transgenic line carrying the cCer regulatory region (Cer2.5-EGFP) and analyzed reporter gene expression in mouse embryos at different stages. At E7.5, EGFP fluorescence was detected in the anterior mesendoderm (data not shown), an expression domain common to chick Cer and mouse Cerl-1genes. However, at E8.5, EGFP was expressed in the left lateral plate mesoderm (Fig. 5A,B), which is a cCer-specific pattern. As in Cer-EGFP-electroporated chick embryos, fluorescent cells were also found in the foregut and heart of E8.5 transgenic embryos (Fig. 5Aa,B). These results indicate that the upstream regulators of cCer expression are present not only in tissues that express both cCer and mouse Cerl-1 (i.e. anterior mesendoderm), but also in the mouse left-side mesoderm, a region that expresses cCer but not the mouse Cerl genes.
In the mouse embryo, the asymmetric expression of both Nodal and Lefty2 is directly regulated by Nodal signaling(Saijoh et al., 2000; Saijoh et al., 2003; Yamamoto et al., 2003). In Cer2.5-EGFP mouse embryos, EGFP mRNA expression is exclusively detected in the left lateral plate mesoderm at E8.25, and coincides with the expression patterns of Nodal(Fig. 5C,C′) and Lefty2 (Fig. 5D,D′), which reinforces the hypothesis that cCerregulatory sequences are directly regulated by Nodal.
Nodal signaling is negatively regulated by cCer
In the chick embryo, Lefty is expressed in the midline (as is mouse Lefty1) and in a small posterior domain of the left lateral plate mesoderm at late stages, whereas the cCer expression pattern is much more similar to that of mouse Lefty2 in the left-side mesoderm(Rodriguez Esteban et al.,1999; Ishimaru et al.,2000). Like Lefty proteins, Cerberus-related molecules were shown to act as Nodal antagonists in zebrafish(Hashimoto et al., 2004), Xenopus (Hsu et al.,1998; Piccolo et al.,1999), chick (Bertocchini and Stern, 2002) and mouse (Belo et al., 2000; Marques et al.,2004) embryos. Therefore, we proposed that cCer has taken the role of mouse Lefty2 in the left-side mesoderm, and acts to restrict the range of Nodal signaling. To test this hypothesis, we have performed cCeroverexpression and knockdown experiments in chick embryos. Because Nodal transcription is autoregulated, Nodal expression was analyzed as a readout of Nodal signaling.
Chick embryos electroporated on the left side with a pCAGGS expression vector containing the cCer coding sequence (pCAGGS-cCerCDS)showed a dramatic reduction or absence of Nodal expression in the left lateral plate mesoderm, but not in the node region (95%, n=20, Fig. 6B; compare with control, n=4, Fig. 6A). On the other hand, when cCer was misexpressed on the right side, Nodal was never ectopically induced (n=18, Fig. 6C) and was downregulated only in one embryo (6%, n=18, data not shown). In this embryo, it is possible that the cCer protein had traveled from the right to the left side,where it inhibited the Nodal signal. In addition, the expression of the Nodal target gene Pitx2 was downregulated by cCer on the left side (56%, n=16, data not shown), whereas it was never induced on the right side(n=11, data not shown). At older stages, chick embryos showed reversed heart looping when cCer was overexpressed on the left side(47%, n=15, data not shown), but not when cCer was misexpressed on the right side (n=7) nor in control electroporations(n=4). Taken together, these observations suggest that cCer may act as a negative regulator of Nodal signaling.
To investigate the effect of cCer downregulation on Nodalexpression, fluorescein-tagged morpholino oligonucleotides against cCer (MO) or against a related sequence (five mismatches; CoMO; see Fig. 2B) were electroporated into the future left-side mesoderm of HH4-6 chick embryos. At HH8-11, Nodal transcription was ectopically induced on the right side of cCer morphant embryos (MO: 51%, n=37, Fig. 6E,F versus CoMO: 7%, n=27, Fig. 6D). In nine HH10-11 morphant embryos, Nodal expression on the right was higher than on the left side (Fig. 6F). This observation can be explained by a right-side-biased amplification of Nodal signaling, as predicted by the self-enhancement and lateral inhibition (SELI) model in the absence of Nodal inhibitors(Nakaguchi et al., 2006). The Lefty midline expression domain was normal in cCer MO-treated embryos(n=26, see Fig. S2 in the supplementary material), suggesting that the midline barrier was not affected. At older stages, cCer knockdown resulted in the inversion of heart looping (43%, n=7 versus CoMO: 0%, n=5, data not shown). These results indicate that the main function of cCer in the left-side mesoderm is to prevent Nodal signaling from crossing to the right side.
cCer asymmetric expression is regulated by Nodal
We have demonstrated that Nodal is sufficient and necessary for the induction of cCer expression (Fig. 1). However, previous studies have reported that Nodal is unable to activate cCer expression in the right lateral plate mesoderm(Rodriguez Esteban et al.,1999; Yokouchi et al.,1999; Zhu et al.,1999). The inconsistency between these and our results may be a consequence of the usage of different Nodal overexpression methods: we grafted beads soaked in active Nodal protein (mature form; R&D Systems), whereas others used retroviral vectors carrying a Bmp4-Nodal fusion protein that were introduced either by direct injection(Rodriguez Esteban et al.,1999) or by implantation of expressing cell pellets(Yokouchi et al., 1999; Zhu et al., 1999). In fact,induction of ectopic cCer expression was much less efficient when we used a Dorsalin-Nodal fusion construct (34%, versus 81% with Nodal protein beads) and was never detected when we overexpressed chick Nodal complete cDNA(n=10, data not shown). Therefore, it is possible that the proprotein convertase required for Nodal maturation is present at low levels in the right side of the chick embryo (Constam and Robertson, 2000), or that the Nodal protein encoded by these constructs is less stable than the recombinant protein(Le Good et al., 2005).
In zebrafish, Xenopus and mouse embryos, Nodal expression in the left lateral plate mesoderm is directly induced by Nodal protein released by the node (Long et al.,2003; Osada et al.,2000; Saijoh et al.,2003; Yamamoto et al.,2003). Accordingly, our results indicate that Nodal signaling positively regulates Nodal expression in the left lateral plate in the chick embryo (Fig. 1). This observation supports the hypothesis that Nodal itself is the intermediary signal that transfers the asymmetric information from the node to the lateral plate (Pagán-Westphal and Tabin,1998).
cCer left-side enhancer is regulated by Nodal signaling via FoxH1 and SMAD elements
Here we have provided evidence that the FoxH1 and SMAD elements present in the cCer left-side enhancer are essential and sufficient for the activation of asymmetric expression (Figs 2, 3). FoxH1 and SMAD transcription factors are nuclear mediators of Nodal signaling (reviewed by Schier and Shen, 2000). As expected, Nodal is necessary and sufficient to activate the cCerleft-side enhancer (Fig. 4). These observations, together with the evidence that cCer asymmetric expression is activated by Nodal (Fig. 1), indicate that Nodal signaling directly regulates cCertranscription in the left-side mesoderm via the activity of FoxH1 and SMAD factors. In the future, the isolation of chick FoxH1 and the investigation of its direct binding and activation of the FoxH1 elements present in the cCer left-side enhancer may bring additional support to these results.
cCer restricts the range of Nodal signaling to the left side
Previous reports have proposed that cCer is able to induce ectopic Nodal expression on the right side by antagonizing the repressive activity of BMPs on Nodal transcription(Rodriguez Esteban et al.,1999; Yokouchi et al.,1999). However, BMPs can have opposite effects on Nodalexpression: Bmp4 is a negative regulator of Nodal in the right side of the chick node at early stages (HH5-6)(Monsoro-Burq and Le Douarin,2001), whereas Bmp2 positively regulates Nodal signaling in the lateral plate mesoderm at later stages (HH7-8)(Piedra and Ros, 2002; Schlange et al., 2002). Because cCer was introduced at early stages (HH6) on the right side of the node (Rodriguez Esteban et al.,1999; Yokouchi et al.,1999), it might be inducing Nodal expression by blocking the inhibitory function of Bmp4 in the node region. In fact, when cCer-expressing cells were implanted at later stages (HH7-8) in the lateral plate, Nodal expression was not affected(Zhu et al., 1999).
In our hands, cCer misexpression in the node region (n=7,data not shown) or right lateral plate(Fig. 6C) was never able to induce Nodal, whereas cCer overexpression on the left side actually repressed Nodal (Fig. 6B). Conversely, Nodal was ectopically expressed on the right side of cCer-knockdown embryos (Fig. 6E,F). These findings revealed that cCer acts as a negative regulator of Nodal signaling. Similar results have been obtained with the Nodal antagonist Lefty: Nodal activity was repressed by the ectopic expression of chick Lefty (Rodriguez Esteban et al., 1999) or mouse Lefty1 or Lefty2(Yoshioka et al., 1998) in the chick embryo, whereas it was upregulated on the right side of Lefty2 mutant mice (Meno et al., 2001). Given the similarities between the expression patterns and functions of chick Cer and mouse Lefty2 (reviewed by Juan and Hamada, 2001), we propose that cCer has taken the role of mouse Lefty2 in left-right patterning,and acts in addition to the midline barrier to confine Nodal signaling to the left side.
Feedback model of cCer and Nodal regulation
Taken together, our findings suggest a feedback mechanism by which Nodal signaling is restricted in the left lateral plate mesoderm of the chick embryo(Fig. 7). During the establishment of the left-right axis, Nodal expression is first activated in the left perinodal region by the Notch and Shh signaling pathways(reviewed by Raya and Izpisua-Belmonte,2004). This initial Nodal signal directly induces cCerexpression via the activation of the cCer left-side enhancer by FoxH1 and SMAD transcription factors. We hypothesize that SMAD2 and/or SMAD3 regulate cCer transcription, because they are thought to transduce Nodal signal in the left-side mesoderm (reviewed by Schier, 2003) and phospho-SMAD2 has been detected in the chick lateral plate mesoderm(Faure et al., 2002). Additionally, we propose that, as in the mouse embryo (reviewed in Hamada et al., 2002), Nodal also activates its own transcription, leading to the amplification of Nodal and cCer expression throughout the left lateral plate. The partial overlap of the Nodal and cCer expression domains is possibly determined by functional differences in their regulatory regions and/or in Nodal and cCer diffusion rates, as proposed for the mouse Nodal and Lefty2 proteins (Nakaguchi et al.,2006). Together with the midline barrier, cCer has a key role in preventing the Nodal signal from crossing to the right side. Ultimately, the negative-feedback regulation of Nodal signaling by cCer results in the downregulation of Nodal and cCer expression in the left lateral plate mesoderm. Further support for this model may come from the analysis of chick Nodal transcriptional regulation as well as from the investigation of the diffusion rates and stability of Nodal and cCer proteins.
Evolution of Cerberus-related genes: divergence of gene regulation but conservation of function in left-right patterning
Unlike other known Cerberus-related genes, cCer is expressed on the left side of the paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm. Variations in the expression patterns of orthologous genes may arise either from the presence of particular cis-regulatory elements in their genomic sequence, or from the existence of differences in the localization and activation status of their upstream regulators, or both. Cross-species studies of cis-regulatory sequences are likely to help distinguish between these two hypotheses. In our study, the analysis of Cer-EGFP transgenic mouse embryos revealed that the upstream regulators of the cCer left-side enhancer (i.e. Nodal) are present in the mouse left lateral plate mesoderm,and suggested that the regulatory regions of Cerberus-related genes have diverged in chick and mouse. In agreement with this, the comparison between the cCer left-side enhancer and non-coding sequences of human, mouse, Xenopus and Fugu Cerberus-related genes using ConSite and VISTA programs was unable to detect any conserved FoxH1-binding sites or other common regulatory elements. FoxH1- and SMAD-binding sites are indeed present in the asymmetric enhancers of several left-side-specific genes, such as the ascidian, Xenopus, mouse and human Nodalgenes, mouse and human Lefty2 genes, and mouse and Xenopus Pitx2 genes (Saijoh et al.,2000; Osada et al.,2000; Yashiro et al.,2000; Shiratori et al.,2001). Our findings add cCer to this list, and underscore the essential role of evolutionarily conserved FoxH1-SMAD modules in the transcriptional regulation of asymmetric gene expression(Osada et al., 2000).
Although chick Cer, zebrafish charon and mouse Cerl-2 have different expression patterns, the Cerberus-related proteins encoded by these genes seem to have a conserved function in left-right development, which is to restrict Nodal signaling to the left side of the embryo. Nodal expression in the node region also differs among vertebrate species: it is bilateral in zebrafish and in early mouse embryos,whereas it is restricted to the left side in the chick embryo (reviewed in Raya and Izpisua-Belmonte,2004). This difference may justify the need for a Nodal antagonist in the node of zebrafish and mouse embryos, which is not required in the chick node.
The divergence in gene regulation between chick, Xenopus and mouse Cerberus homologues, here demonstrated by the presence of a FoxH1-SMAD module in the cCer regulatory region, has conveyed a novel scenery for the activity of cCer and enabled it to take the role of Lefty2 as a negative-feedback regulator of Nodal signaling in the left lateral plate. In the future, the analysis of novel Cerberus-related molecules involved in the left-right development of other vertebrate species (such as Xenopusand rabbit) should provide further insight into the evolution of Cerberus gene regulation and function.
We are grateful to J. C. Izpisúa Belmonte, H. Hamada, D. Henrique,S. Piccolo and C. D. Stern for probes and plasmids; S. Marques, N. Moreno, I. Marques and B. Lenhart for technical assistance; and V. Teixeira, A. Jacinto and L. Saúde for critically reading the manuscript. This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(POCTI/CBO/46691/2002, POCTI/BME/46257/2002 and POCI/SAU-MMO/59725/2004),Centro de Biologia do Desenvolvimento and IGC/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, where J.A.B. is a Principal Investigator.


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Sphinx extensions#
GitHub issue resolver plugin (link_issues
The link_issues
Sphinx plugin is copied directly into the repository to
accommodate updates necessary to support modern Sphinx versions.
Please see the
documentation string at the top of the module for credits and license text for the code.
Modifications have been made to the original code to enable the use of GitHub
authentication tokens to prevent rate limiting from breaking issue resolution.
If you want to test issue resolution locally, add a LINK_ISSUES_GITHUB_TOKEN
environment variable when running the documentation stack. The token must have
read permissions for public repositories.
GitHub username link plugin (link_usernames
The link_usernames
Sphinx plugin is a simple, custom plugin which modifies the
source of documentation files to change @username
to a link to the user's
GitHub profile. Changelog files are excluded from this process since those
username references are already linked when creating the changelog. See the
plugin code and docstring for more information.


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Malocclusion is one of the most common dental problems. The anomaly is diagnosed in childhood. Then you can still correct the wrong bite with the help of special devices. In adulthood, surgical correction is usually performed.
Elastic arches
Orthodontic arches are an important element of the bracket system. They create pressure on the braces, which promotes tooth movement. Initially, these devices have an anatomically correct shape of the dentition.
The principle of operation of elastic arcs is as follows:
- when installing the arc into the bracket system, it bends and creates tension;
- trying to straighten up, the arc puts pressure on the braces, and those on the teeth.
Depending on what material the bite correction device is made of and what section it has, the arcs are moderately elastic or very rigid. Each type is used at a certain stage of treatment.
Frenkel devices
The device is an orthodontic structure for correcting abnormal bite, straightening uneven teeth, and treating jaw deformities. With the help of the apparatus, congenital pathological defects of the dentoalveolar apparatus in children are corrected. The design is worn from 3-4 years. This is an analogue of braces, widely used in orthodontics. The action of corrective devices is based on mechanical pressure on the dentition.
The Frenkel device is very different from other orthodontic designs:
- reduced force pressure on the jaw from the lips, cheeks;
- function of chewing muscles is normalized;
- breathing through the nose is stabilized;
- tongue and lips occupy a physiological position, the dentition develops correctly.
To achieve a result, it is necessary to wear orthodontic constructions for as long as the dentist says.


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I've been using flash cards with Anki to learn Chinese lately. If you don't know Anki, it's just a free app that uses spaced repetition for helping you memorize stuff. The spaced repetition technique is incredibly effective for memorizing stuff. Researchers ave studied why it works, but I think part of it is that it makes it feel like a game that is almost fun. I usually don't have the patience to memorize stuff for exams, but I was able to score a couple of A's in college thanks to Anki. The software is completely free and open source, so you won't be bombarded with ads and upsells like in certain other apps. Memorization of words and phrases alone won't make you fluent in a language, but flash cards combined with Google translate will make it kinda fun and rewarding to learn vocabulary.
Instant feedback on my pronounciation
What I do is having Google translate open on my laptop while using the Anki app on my phone. I tell Google to translate from Chinese to English and use the voice recognition function. For every flash card, I say the word or phrase to Google translate, and it gives me some feedback on my pronounciation. The voice recognition is not perfect, and sometimes it won't understand what you're saying even if you say it 100% correctly. But in most cases it will help you correct your mistakes. Google translate basically works and an automated language coach. If I want feedback on my pronounciation, I would normally need a teacher or a native speaker to tell me. Speaking to a computer is not the same as speaking to a human, but it still feels a little bit interactive and social.


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Whereas a conventional swimsuit is usually related to formal, skilled events, extra informal fashions can be found that may be simply as becoming for work or enterprise conferences. The important thing to reaching an applicable look is all within the particulars, like pairing heat colors like yellow and purple with different heat shades whereas sporting chilly hues like blue and inexperienced collectively. Relating to footwear choices, chances are you'll discover consolation in searching for out timeless classics – assume moccasins and good footwear – however sneakers shouldn't really feel off-limits both.
Relating to creating a trendy ensemble, experimenting with color and sample could be an thrilling solution to make your outfit stand out. To have a look up a notch, pair vivid purple sneakers with an electrical swimsuit – simply be certain that one of many shades in your chosen shoe matches no less than one inside the material design.
What Materials Ought to You Go For Swimsuit Footwear?
Any fashionable particular person will look no additional than leather-based for males's swimsuit footwear, which for a timelessly refined look. Not solely do they immediately elevate your look with their basic and chic design – however you may also ensure of a superb match that's each breathable and long-lasting when taken care of accurately. Whether or not it's for enterprise or pleasure, these trusty staples are essential in anybody's wardrobe as a dependable funding all through the years to come back.
What Issues Ought to You Contemplate When Selecting Swimsuit Footwear?
For a sensible, skilled look, the Viennese and English fashions of footwear make for good accompaniments to a sublime swimsuit. Differentiating between them is as straightforward as understanding two shoemaking phrases: quarters and vestment.
Quarters are the place you'll discover lace holes on both shoe; nevertheless, it's with this space that distinguishing options arrive – in Viennese kinds, they're sewn onto the vamp, whereas alongside English designs seems a barely protruding flap which comes from being instantly connected to the Vamp these small but refined variations full any formal outfit.
On the planet of fashion, two distinct shoe kinds stand out for his or her formal class: Derby footwear and oxfords. Whether or not you select a basic plain model or choose to adorn your look with extra intricate openwork designs – it's as much as you! Whereas these good-looking footwear choices lend themselves completely when donning tailor-made clothes, they're finest prevented when teaming denims; a sublime gent ought to by no means make this fake pas.
Relating to selecting the right footwear for an off-the-cuff swimsuit, you've acquired loads of selections – from slippers and moccasins to loafers and even sneakers. Nonetheless, if dressing up is in your agenda, take into account investing in lacquer footwear, as these are finest fitted to tailcoats and dinner jackets reasonably than common fits.
Tips on how to Lace Swimsuit Footwear?
Relating to formal footwear, laces play an vital function in donning footwear. The standard means is to lace up the laces on each eyes to be seen outdoors and never inside. You possibly can take a extra informal strategy for casual kinds like slippers or sneakers; why not reverse tie these shoelaces with aptitude? It's all the time finest to point out off your distinctive model—so ensure that when excited about which binding fits you finest, go wild!


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What is the Resilience Ecosystem?
The Resilience Ecosystem (RE) is an open and inclusive community of public and private entities working individually and collectively to help communities and businesses in all U.S. regions and sectors to adapt/build resilience to climate-related hazards. Though federal and non-profit entities are committed to sustaining organizational and financial support for it, the RE is not an entity, organization, or professional society; it is not "owned" by any person or group and it doesn't seek to compete with anyone.
The Resilience Ecosystem aims to achieve four ultimate outcomes:
- accelerate and grow the number of adaptation / resilience-building actions taken in communities and businesses all across the nation;
- provide equitable access to the resources and decision services needed to reduce climate-related risks among all U.S. populations;
- reduce loss of life and damages to human and natural systems from extreme events; and
- strengthen our economy and increase job growth in adaptation science and services.
See the Resilience Ecosystem Theory of Change
2023 Pilot Steps to Resilience Training for Climate Change Practitioners
23 climate change service practitioners from across the nation began the pilot Steps to Resilience Training on January 10, 2023. Supported by the Climate Resilience Fund's Coordination and Collaboration in the Resilience Ecosystem grant program, the six-session training will equip participants with the expertise necessary to help communities across the country plan and prepare for climate-related impacts. Each workshop is based on the methodology outlined in Implementing the Steps to Resilience, A Practitioner's Guide, and is being led by experts at Fernleaf and UNC Asheville's National Environmental Modeling and Analysis Center, in collaboration with NOAA's Climate Program Office. Click here to learn more about this Steps to Resilience training.
2021 Advisory Session to Inform Coordination and Collaboration in the Resilience Ecosystem (CCRE)
Watch and listen to the video below, or explore the slide deck yourself.


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Policy 13 – Parking and Movement
Parking provision in new developments in DA6 will need to comply with the standards set out in the Council's Supplementary Planning Document 14 for the Central Zone. Parking in the remaining parts of the Neighbourhood Plan area will need to meet the standards for Key Public Transport Corridors. (See Figure 16). Subject to public consultation the controlled parking zone in … Read more


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Pursuant to General Notice No 1068 of 2021, members of the Public are hereby being informed that for the purpose of preventing the spread of Covid-19 in Mauritius, all persons resident of the village of Bois Cheri shall remain indoor until 04 August 2021 at 6a.m.
2. Moreover, persons resident in the area specified above shall, at no time, leave that area, and persons not resident in the area specified above shall, at no time enter that area.
3. However, paragraph 2 shall not apply to the following persons or class of persons who have to leave, or enter, the area specified above:
(a) a person who has to avail himself, or to any other member of his family, of medical treatment, or to procure medicine, or any other item essential for his or his family's subsistence or livelihood;
(b) a person who is authorised to be outdoor strictly on allocated days or authorised to carry out specific activities;
(c) employees of the Disciplined Force while on official duty;
(d) a Judge or Magistrate, or an officer of the Judiciary, designated by the Chief Justice;
(e) a medical practitioner for the purpose of attending a hospital or private health institution, or for the purpose of domiciliary visits;
(f) a pharmacist for the purpose of attending his pharmacy;
(g) a person who has to avail his pet of veterinary treatment;
(h) a person required to attend a Court by virtue of a summons issued by the Court;
(i) a person who is issued with a permit by the Commissioner of Police under section 3(2) of the Quarantine Act 2020.
Members of the Public are hereby informed that the Police will exercise strict control with regards to persons entering and exiting the re-defined Red Zone. Residents of the above mentioned area shall at no time travel outside this area and non-residents shall at no time enter this area except frontliners of the essential services.
Unauthorised persons found outdoor shall commit an offence under the Quarantine Act 2020 and shall, on conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding 500, 000 rupees and to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years.
Mr K. Servansing, PMSM
Commissioner of Police
15 July, 2021
Office of the Commissioner of Police
Police Headquarters
Line Barracks
Port Louis


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Gold Circle have announced the revised dates for Champions Season 2020, delayed due to the implemented lockdown which is due to lift April 30, in the interest of South African's safety to 'break the curve'.
Usually run the week before the Vodacom Durban July, it remains in the format – to be held on Sunday 19 July and the Vodacom Durban July scheduled for the 25 July. The KZN Yearling Sale Million remains on VDJ day, along with the Garden Province, Golden Horseshoe, Golden Slipper, the 2200, Gold Vase and Thukela Handicap.
The Gold Cup, which usually heralds the end of the racing season and an important feature for the annual statistics, has been pushed back to 29 August. A number of Gr1 features will be prominent on that day, including the Champions Cup, Mercury Sprint, Premiers Champions Stakes and the Thekweni Stakes amongst others.
The KZN Breeders Race Day, always a major feature with owners and trainers and always very well supported with a packed Durban View Room consisting of breeders, owners and trainers – and will consist of 8 races including the Million Mile itself.
As of the last log published 10 March, there are 293 horses entered for the races 3yos old and up, with 2yo entries were due to be finalised at the end of April.
Amongst the horses entered are Spiritofthegroove, Chjimes, Wave, Railtrip, 2nd placed Gr1 SA Fillies Classic Marygold, Gr1 winner Camphoratus, Miss Marmalade (closely related to the Gr1 trio of brothers, Hawwaam, Rainbow Bridge and Golden Ducat), Just Cruised In, Prince Of Kahal, Just Chaos, Nexus, Ronnie's Candy, Silent Crusade, and Gr1 winner Mississippi Burning.
The KZN Breeders Golf Day is provisionally booked for 14 July, whilst the KZN Yearling Sale is scheduled for 23 & 24 July. Sales vouchers for #kznbreds will be up for grabs at our Golf Day and Race Day – acquisitions using the vouchers include Gr1 placed Wave.
The full KZN Champions Season feature programme for 2020:


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Full_Name: Kartik Subbarao Version: 2.4.41 OS: Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS URL: ftp://ftp.openldap.org/incoming/kartik-subbarao-160215.tgz Submission from: (NULL) (220.127.116.11)
When the Paged Results control (1.2.840.1135220.127.116.119) is specified, dynlist groups after the first page return fewer numbers than should be present.
I have uploaded slapd.conf and example.ldif files that can be used to reproduce the problem. Search with a page size of 1 and the filter (objectclass=groupOfURLs). The member for group1 is returned successfully, whereas no members for group2 are returned. If the page size is set to 2 or higher, the member for group2 is properly returned.
ftp://ftp.openldap.org/incoming/kartik-subbarao-160215.tgz: slapd.conf example.ldif
For additional context, see this post to the openldap-technical mailing list: http://www.openldap.org/lists/openldap-technical/201602/msg00102.html


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Smack in the middle of Ozzy's aptly titled "Diary of a Madman" tour, the height of his riotous rock and roll lifestyle, this happened.
Sharon, completely fed up with Ozzy's drunken debauchery every single night, decided to hide all his clothing from him. Problem solved? Nope. He put on one of her dresses and went out on the town in a wild rampage.
The Osbourne's Love Story Is Slated to Be a Hollywood Film
Sony Pictures and Polygram Entertainment have signed a big picture deal to showcase Ozzy and Sharon's enduring but crazy rock 'n' roll love story. British playwright Lee Hall, the writer of several films including "Rocketman", has signed on to write the script.
Hall's accolades include an Academy nod for "Billy Elliot". He will work with Polygram, the film division of Universal Music. The rock couple's outrageous big screen backstory will be set to Osbourne's hard rock tunes.
Osbourne Media Plays a Part
The film about the Osbournes will be co-produced by none other than Osbourne Media, the family-run label. In collaboration with Sony and Polygram.
Polygram will be a great partner for the Osbournes, it has co-produced pop music movies about The Velvet Underground, the Beastie Boys, and Ariana Grande.
Sharon's TV Ambitions
Being on "The Osbournes" gave Sharon a bump in Hollywood. She landed her own talk show called "The Sharon Osbourne Show," but it flopped after one season. In 2006 she tried again with a talk show of the same title, but it did not make it off the block.
Her next adventure as a judge at "The X Factor" was significantly more successful and she paneled for three seasons. In 2010 she landed her most enduring gig as a co-host on CBS' "The Talk."
Getting Fired From The Talk
When Sharon landed "The Talk" it was the beginning of a career that was truly her own. She stayed on the air for ten years and was loved for her spunky perspectives. The network canned her over backing Pirce Morgan in his controversial case, an accusation that was very difficult for this spitfire soul that has braved Ozzy Osbourne for over thirty years.
Her plea reverberated around the media. Claiming her innocence on "The Talk" that fateful day she squealed that if anyone should be crying, it should be her. But the mistake of taking Piers Morgan's side would haunt her.


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Rochak, in a recent interview, said that they received a "lot of hatred" after the song released but as more and more people are listening to the song, they "are saying that this isn't as bad as we expected".
So the initial reactions were only on the idea that Pasoori was being recreated as many hadn't even heard the song.
As people are listening to it, their reactions are turning positive and are saying that this isn't as bad as we expected," he said.


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You are here
Innovative Combat Simulation to Craft Tomorrow's UAV Operational Doctrine
Title: President
Phone: (256) 289-9631
Email: email@example.com
Title: President
Phone: (256) 289-9631
Email: email@example.com
Contact: Sara Graves
Phone: (256) 824-6064
Type: Nonprofit College or University
This proposal is for the use of state-of-the-art computer wargames to be used in the research on the impact and optimal use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in realistic combat scenarios. High fidelity, historically calibrated wargames ranging from sub-tactical ground-centric game engines through operational, strategic, air campaign, and naval-centric game engines will be used to address the full spectrum of UAVs, their capabilities, and optimal use. These computer wargames all come with a powerful and highly adaptive Artificial Intelligence (AI) capability developed over several years of research and development which allows these wargames to be effectively used in both human-interaction and fully-automated settings. Employing these wargames with this AI feature allows for execution on both interactive and multi-processor computer systems as appropriate for the research being conducted. BENEFIT: UAVs have been a very significant military development recently and are poised to significantly impact all combat scenarios from the very tactical to the strategic in all areas of warfare: ground, air, and naval. As the capabilities of UAVs increases, it is important to anticipate and optimally implement them into combat scenarios. High-fidelity computer wargames together with powerful and highly adaptive AI functionality can be effectively and efficiently used to pursue research into the use of UAVs. It is important that these wargames be effectively calibrated so that any results obtained from them can be viewed with a high level of confidence that they are representative of actual situations. Likewise, it is important that these wargames have both interactive and automated execution modes so that investigations can be carried out both with human-in-the-loop and on high-performance computer systems. The interactive mode supports discoveries of the use of UAVs that might not be realized and understood while the automated modes supports mathematical optimization of their use.
* Information listed above is at the time of submission. *


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Explosive stock trading strategies PDF- In this book Dr. Samir Elias, author of Generate Thousands in Cash on Your Stocks Before Buying or Selling Them,distills his years of trading experience into the most explosive stock trading strategies that can deliver substantial profits when used live in the market.
Category: Stock
Author: Samir Elias
Language: English
Free Download link: At the end of the post
Success in trading depends on one's ability to risk their money only on high probability trades. In this book Dr. Samir Elias, author of Generate Thousands in Cash on Your Stocks Before Buying or Selling Them,distills his years of trading experience into the most explosive stock trading strategies that can deliver substantial profits when used live in the market.
Learn how to anticipate a stock's coming move trading price bar sequences and signal price bars resulting in quick profits in short time frames. Become familiar with uncommon chart patterns that can deliver exceptional profits but are missed by most traders. Time breakouts from tight consolidation patterns, and distinguish between ordinary price spikes and extraordinary tradeable spikes that often are followed by an explosive price increase. Use the channel width between two selected technical indicators, with a third as a trigger, to time entry into a falling knife stock just before reversal for big profits. Learn how to use reverse price swings to anticipate a stock's reversal and time your exit while most of the profits are still intact. Recognize the three special chart patterns at earnings time that can foretell a multi month monster advance. Combine fundamental criteria with technical chart patterns using the RESHE system to identify coming market leaders before they are noticed by big money ; and much more.
Each trading method is supported by a well defined low risk entry point and a clear exit strategy to protect profits.
This is probably one of the best books on technical analysis that not many people know about. Dr. Elias does an incredible job of not only talking about certain indicators, but on how and when to use them especially in combination. I'm not sure if Dr. Elias has an engineering background or what, but it is very obvious he is well versed on the formulas for most of the common indicators. He also has good knowledge of trading patterns and what to look for at certain points in the overall market at the time. Dr. Elias pretty much covered everything. And he apparently has an extensive knowledge on options. Dr. Elias shares a great deal about not only how to trade options in a very simple way if that's possible, but different strategies that apparently allowed him to be successful in trading them. This is just a great trading book that not many people talk about, but definitely should. It is great for anyone wanting to learn to trade, but it helps to have some knowledge of trading with this book. It's not your typical worthless trading book that basically repeats the same old crap about indicators, etc. that everyone else does. This book is different and the comments about it prove that. And it's great for individuals like me who have been trading for many years. Definitely check this book out. – GHP3
Table of Contents- Explosive stock trading strategies PDF
Chapter I
Explosive volume based breakouts .
Technical requirements
Practical applications
Entry Strategy
Exit strategy using technical indicators.
Exit strategy using trend indicators
Chapter 2
Explosive consolidation pattern
Technical indicators
Practical applications
Momentum driven breakouts.
Volatility driven breakouts
Chapter 3
Explosive profits using divergent signals .
Partial basic divergences
Complex divergences
Guidelines to trading divergences
Practical applications
Divergences using both price and volume indicators
Chapter 4
Explosive chart patterns
Falling rectangle pattern
V reversal patterns
VPV and PVP reversals
Falling wedges.
Multiple falling wedges
Reverse wedges
Partial pullback ascending triangle
Compressed double bottoms
Chapter 5
Explosive profits trading momentum shifts
Trade entry trigger
Examples 1 & 2: Indices daily
Examples 3 & 4: Stocks daily
Example 5: Weekly timeframes
Chapter 6
Explosive profits trading signal price bars
Momenta pharmaceuticals (MNTA) entry
Secondary exit signal price bars
Chelsea Therapeutics (CHTP).
Volume considerations
Three aar Count tretxi reversals
Tracing Three Count signal bars
Scripps E.w_ co (SSP)
Final Word
Chapter 7
Explosive profits from small price bars
Indecision candlesticks
Explosive mmes from small bars
PFSWeb (PSFW).
Final Word
Chapter 8
Explosive profits trading price spikes
Consolidation pattern price spikes
Zopharm oncology (ZIOP).
Green Plains Renewable Energy (GPRE)
Trend reversal price spikes
Bollinger band width
Air Transport Group
FiberTower CO.
Chapter 9
Explosive profits trading reverse price swings
Trading reversals using price swings
Cliffs Natural Resources(CLF) . Reverse swings
Lululemon Athletica (LULU)
Trend reversals using failed price swings .
Cliffs Natural Resources(CLF) . (Failed reverse swings)
Chapter 10
Explosive profits trading price bar
Four step Uptrend.
Pivot shakeout
Narrow bar continuation pattern
Second day Shakeout pattern
Out Of range three bar
Overlapping wide range
price pattern pullbacks
Triple bar high reversals
Bullish and bearish reversal zones
TWO day bar reversal
Tight range bar continuation pattern
Examples tradlng price bar patterns
Coinstar (CSTR)
Power One (PWER)
F5 Networks (FFIV)
crocs Inc (CROX)
Netezza Corp
Price pattern classifications
Isilion Systems (ISLN)
Atheros Communications(ATHR)
Final Word
Chapter 11
Explosive profits trading falling knives
A123 systems (AONE)
Power one (PWER)
Monolithic power (MPWR)
Trading falling knife stocks using multiple time frames
Atheros Communications (ATHR)
Index reversals using falling knife signals
DOW Jones Index (DJX)
Post signal shakeouts
NASDAQ composite (COMPQ)
Short term trad'ng using falling knife signals.
Chapter 12
Combining fundamental and technical indicators for expli
The myth of popular fundamental criteria
The RESHE stock filtering system
RESHE filtering criteria
Bullish earning chart
Acme Packet (APKT) technical
Acme Packet (APKT) pre earnings shakeout.
Atheros Communications (ATHR)
Final Word
About the author
Dr. Samir Elias' model has worked for him and thousands more who wanted financial freedom through unlocking the fortunes within the stock market.
Download ebook Explosive stock trading strategies PDF
Read more Stock ebook:
- Investing With Volume Analysis by Buff Dormeier
- Forex Ribbon System- Trading Blueprint [PDF]
- Smart money concepts forex PDF
- Strats PASR method
- Five Guiding Principles of Trading Psychology


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Estate Planning
One of the biggest myths about estate planning is that young couples or young families simply don't need it. "Wills are for people my parents' age!" is a common refrain. However, there are many reasons people under 50 should have basic estate-planning documents (people over 50 should have them, too, of course). Having a plan helps prevent disputes and eases the decision-making process for your loved ones during a difficult time. It also can minimize or eliminate your estate-tax liability.
You should consider an estate plan if you:
- Have children and/or grandchildren.
- Have an elderly parent or family member with special needs.
- Own property, such as a house or a car.
- Have assets in investments, bank accounts or retirement plans.
- Own a business.
- Have family heirlooms.
Estate planning is about more than protecting your assets and property for future heirs, though; it's also key to protecting your own interests if you are ever incapacitated.
There are many options to consider, and each document must be properly prepared to withstand challenges and remain effective. That's why it's so important to work with an experienced and conscientious attorney, one who won't sell you a cookie-cutter plan—because when it comes to estate planning, one size doesn't fit all.
Simple estate plans are great for individuals or families who wish to leave their entire estate to one or more persons.
These plans do not include: estate-tax planning, specific or charitable bequests (except for general bequests of tangible personal property), trust creation/trust administration outside of trusts for pet care.
Includes, per person:
- Last Will & Testament
- Community Property Agreement (couples only)
- Financial Power of Attorney
- Medical Power of Attorney
- Advance Directive ("Living Will")
- Mental Health Directive
- HIPAA Waiver
- Memorial Instructions
- Pet Trust or Pet Protection Plan
For a free consultation, call (206) 577-7987 or submit your inquiry below.


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The 'Dirty 30' highly polluting diesel cars in Europe and the national regulators failing to act
Transport & Environment has re-analysed the data from the national emissions testing programmes and identified 30 of among the highest polluting new diesel cars on Europe's roads.
The "Dirty Thirty" span across most carmakers with Renault (four), Mercedes (three) and Opel/Vauxhall (three) standing out. Each car was approved by one of seven national type approval authorities. Nine cars were approved in the UK; Germany and France each approved seven; the Netherlands approved three; Luxembourg two; and Spain and Italy one each.
The regulators have to date taken no legal action against any of the carmakers or taken forward more in-depth investigations to scrutinise whether the models used illegal defeat devices despite strong evidence that they did, including: inappropriate use of a 'thermal window' (29 models); high 'hot restart' emissions (23 models) and plain shut-offs after a certain time (at least one model). Urgent action is needed by national agencies (TAAs) to investigate these suspect emissions control strategies.


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Solar renewable energy
Solar energy is a kind of renewable energy. It refers to the thermal radiation energy of the sun (see the three ways of thermal energy transmission: radiation), which is mainly represented by the sun's rays. In modern times, it is generally used to generate electricity or provide energy for water heaters.
Since the birth of life on the earth, it has mainly lived by the thermal radiation energy provided by the sun. Since ancient times, humans have also learned to use the sun to dry objects and use it as a method of making food, such as salt and salted fish. With the decrease of fossil fuels, solar energy has become an important part of human energy use and has been continuously developed. There are two ways to use solar energy: photothermal conversion and photoelectric conversion. Solar power generation is an emerging renewable energy. In a broad sense, solar energy also includes wind energy, chemical energy and water energy on the earth.
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Scientific Knowledge in Creating Art
Advancements and the use of new scientific knowledge in creating artistic work in the period significantly took the form of global exploration. In this article, we will discuss the use of new scientific knowledge in creating artistic work. New scientific knowledge can be used in many ways to create artistic work. One way is to use new technology to create art that wouldn't have been possible before. For example, using a 3D printer to create a sculpture or using a computer to generate an animation. Another way to use new scientific knowledge in art is by incorporating it into the work itself. For example, a painting that incorporates data from a scientific study or a musical composition that uses mathematical patterns.
How is science connected to art?
There is a strong connection between science and art. Many artists are interested in scientific concepts, and use them as inspiration for their work. For example, the artist William Blake was inspired by Newton's theories of optics. He used Newton's ideas about light and color in his paintings. Similarly, the artist M. C. Escher was inspired by mathematics and geometry. He created artwork that featured impossible shapes and optical illusions.
What is scientific method in art?
There is no one scientific method in art, just as there is no one scientific method in any other field. However, the scientific method can be useful in art, just as it can be useful in any other area. The scientific method is a way of approaching problems or questions that involves observation, experimentation, and the testing of hypotheses. In art, the scientific method can be used to help figure out the best way to create a certain effect, or to troubleshoot problems that arise during the creative process.
The Renaissance Period
Why did Renaissance artists make use of science in their art?
This period signified a resurgence of interest in classical arts; one that was practically forgotten all through the middle ages. Art developed a style that bordered largely on humanism, striving to capture nature and human beauty in the many works that were created. Indeed, several scientific advancements can be said to have spurred the many achievements of this period.
What is the most important invention of the Renaissance period?
Perhaps the most notable invention of the Renaissance period, the printing press was developed by Johannes Gutenberg in 1440. Consequently, the innovation influenced art greatly in form of music as could now be printed on sheets and distributed to a large population. Further, new musical instruments came into existence, including the violin and harpsichord family, helping to create music that translated to emotional messages for listeners.
Humanist philosophy required that art showed people with emotions, and leading life and paintings looked more realistic even in three dimensions. Armed with the financial prowess and political influence of their many patrons, artists soon developed many techniques to make this possible. In Naples, the painter Antonello da Messina began using oil paints for portraits and religious paintings, a technique that soon spread across Italy. Leonardo Da Vinci would later be able to show the effect of light on landscape and objects with a more dramatic edge that also appeared natural as seen in his masterpiece – Mona Lisa.
Baroque and Rococo
In time, the Renaissance started to fade away and was getting gradually replaced by a new style of art, the Baroque. In Italy, traces of Baroque can be traced as far back as the dying years of the 16th century. This spread across Europe, evolved through the years, and lasted as long as the first few years of the 19th century in Germany and some South American territories of Spain and Portugal. However, Baroque is conventionally believed to have flourished in 17th-century Europe, especially during the first half of it.
The term 'Baroque' as an English word has been said to have French, Italian, Portuguese, and even Latin origins. The ultimate meaning is however similar across the board with Baroque referring to "a deviation from the norm". The idea of Baroque art was to vividly or overtly express emotions using a keen element of drama in a way that passionately appealed to the senses.
Global Exploration During Baroque and Rococo
Advancements in scientific knowledge in creating artistic work in the period significantly took the form of global exploration. There were many successful attempts to understand the extent of the earth and the celestial bodies beyond. Mathematical theories became the order of the day, and lenses and screens in instruments of observation such as the telescope were greatly employed all in an attempt to discover 'God's exquisite design of the world'. The period saw the theories of Copernicus relating to astronomy, the shape, and position of Earth – scientist, Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion and Galileo Galilei's invention of the telescope amongst his other advances in music, visual arts, astronomy, and science at large. Further, the landscape painting developed in the 17th century commonly depicted humans as miniature figures in an expansive natural setting in response to these discoveries.
What did the Rococo style originally refer to?
Rococo refers to the art style that started very early in 18th century Paris and spread across the country and Europe at large, principally Germany and Austria (06). It informed art such as architecture, sculpture, interior design, decorative arts, and painting. Contrary to the preceding baroque art, Rococo chose to show elegance, playfulness, and grace in form of exuberant decor. Also, art assumed a form of asymmetry, one that was quite alien to Europe. Furthermore, light colors, gold, and ivory white became the identifying colors and mirrors helped to create an illusion of a much bigger space.
What scientific method requires intelligence imagination and creativity?
The scientific method requires imagination, creativity, and intelligence in order to be successful. This is because the scientific method is all about trial and error. In order to find the right solution, you need to be able to imagine different scenarios and possibilities. You also need to be creative in order to come up with new ideas and solutions. Finally, you need to be intelligent in order to understand the complex problems that you're trying to solve.
Check the following articles to read more about the use of new scientific knowledge in creating artistic work:
- Contributor, J., 2020. The Renaissance: The 'Rebirth' Of Science & Culture. The Renaissance: The 'Rebirth' Of Science & Culture
- En.m.wikipedia.org. 2020. Renaissance art. Renaissance art
- Art Education, 1952. Encyclopaedia Britannica Art Films. 5(6), p.18.
- En.m.wikipedia.org. 2020. Baroque. Baroque
- ResearchGate. 2020. (PDF) 17Th Century Dialogue Between Art And Science. The Effect Of The Scientific Contributions Of Galileo On Late Renaissance And Baroque Art
- Encyclopedia Britannica. 2020. Rococo | Definition, Art, Painting, & Characteristics
- A Comparative Analysis of the Parthenon and Maison Carrée
- Silk Road's Impact: Catalyst for Technological Advancements
- Medici Influence: Renaissance Arts, Music, Science
This article is written by:
Our professional writers and editors are passionate about sharing high-quality information and insights with our audience. We conduct diligent research, maintain fact-checking protocols, and prioritize accuracy and integrity to the best of our capacity.
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text: The assessment of repetitive tasks (ART) tool is designed to help you risk assess tasks that require repetitive moving of the upper limbs (arms and hands). It helps you to assess some of the common risk factors in repetitive work that contribute to the development of upper limb disorders (ULDs). ART is aimed at those responsible for designing, assessing, managing and inspecting repetitive work. It can help identify those tasks that involve significant risks and where to focus risk-reduction measures. It will be useful to employers, safety representatives, health and safety practitioners, consultants and ergonomists.


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Hot desk for the day, or reserve a Dedicated Desk space across thousands of locations.
Depending on how virtual or physical your presence needs to be, we have a package to suit your business.
Meeting rooms to suit any purpose, anywhere in the world. Available by the hour, the day – or as long as you need.
With great bus links to Toronto and Munro Hamilton International Airport, Hamilton offers the perfect location for your business outside the province's capital city. Use our state-of-the-art meeting rooms to welcome clients and explore new professional opportunities.
Discover the perfect venue to host your next meeting or business event in Hamilton. Our stylish and furnished meeting rooms are easy to book via our app and provide you with a professional environment to talk business. All rooms are equipped with flatscreen TVs, whiteboards and flipcharts, and if you ever need any help, our experienced in-house support team will always be on hand.
Our team is ready to answer your questions.
Yes, you can book a meeting room from a minimum of one hour up to an entire week at our business centres in Hamilton. Simply book online, by phone or via the Regus app.
We recommend booking your meeting room in advance to ensure a space is available for you and your guests. When you book in advance, you also have the option to customise the layout of the room and arrange any catering or refreshment requirements.


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Tyler Lane
Production Manager
Tyler Lane joined the PEAK team this past fall with over half a decade of experience in live theatre and production. His diverse background in lighting operation and design, audio mixing, technical direction, and stage management make Tyler a well-rounded asset to the team. Tyler's aptitude for critical thinking and problem solving is instrumental to ensuring that the show is delivered efficiently and client satisfaction is achieved.
His positive and welcoming nature promotes healthy relationships with clients and colleagues along the way.


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Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan planted saplings of Sarika Indica, Jungle Jalebi and Blue Gulmohar in the Smart City Park. Along with Chouhan, Upendra Sharma, Ankit Sharma, Praveen Shrivas and Sunil Yadav of Gwalior's "Phir Ek Prayas" organisation planted saplings. The organisation is working to distribute food to the needy people and support them in education. Established in the year 2013, the organisation is active in making food arrangements for the attendants accompanying the patients admitted in the hospitals. Along with this, a library has also been established in Kampu of Gwalior.
Along with CM, three-year-old Ladli Laxmi daughter Akshita Sinha also planted a sapling. Akshita's mother Prerna Sinha and 8 year old brother Aujas participated in the plantation. Along with Chouhan, News-18 TV channel's Rajit Kathil and his wife Neelam planted saplings on the first birthday of their niece Pankhuri. Reporters of News-18 Jitendra Sharma and Prakash Patil also participated in the plantation.