text:
REPORT on the evaluation and future development of the FRONTEX Agency and of the European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR)
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs
Rapporteur: Javier Moreno Sánchez
on the evaluation and future development of the FRONTEX Agency and of the European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR)
The European Parliament,
– having regard to the communication from the Commission of 13 February 2008 entitled 'Report on the evaluation and future development of the FRONTEX Agency' (COM(2008)0067),
– having regard to the communication from the Commission of 13 February 2008 entitled 'Examining the creation of a European border surveillance system (EUROSUR)' (COM(2008)0068),
– having regard to the communication from the Commission of 13 February 2008 entitled 'Preparing the next steps in border management in the European Union' (COM(2008)0069),
– having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 of 26 October 2004 establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union[1],
– having regard to the European Pact on Immigration and Asylum accepted in Paris by the 27 Member States on 7 July 2008 and endorsed at the European Council of 15 and 16 October 2008,
– having regard to the conclusions of the European Council Presidency of 15 and 16 December 2005 concerning the 'Global approach to migration: Priority actions focussing on Africa and the Mediterranean', published in the European Council Presidency conclusions of 14 and 15 December 2006,
– having regard to Regulation (EC) No 863/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 establishing a mechanism for the creation of Rapid Border Intervention Teams[2],
– having regard to its resolution of 26 September 2007 on policy priorities as part of the fight against illegal immigration of third-country nationals[3],
– having regard to Rule 45 of its Rules of Procedure,
– having regard to the report of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and the opinion of the Committee on Development (A6-0437/2008),
A. whereas the fight against illegal immigration, and more specifically the integrated management of all the EU's borders, must form part of a global and harmonised approach to migratory phenomena, including the organisation of legal migration, the integration of legal immigrants and cooperation with countries of origin and transit,
B. whereas the challenge of illegal immigration is a common European challenge and therefore requires a common European policy,
C. whereas these migratory phenomena will continue to exist as long as there are still development gaps between the different regions of the world, and whereas, with that in mind, the management of migratory flows should be organised in synergy with development and cooperation policies with third countries,
D. whereas FRONTEX is not a panacea for all the problems caused by irregular migration;
E. whereas the surveillance of the Union's external borders is a key element in the fight against illegal immigration, which must be accompanied by additional enforcement policies seeking to eradicate such immigration at source, and by measures to combat illegal work, particularly the adoption of the directive imposing sanctions against the employers of illegally staying non-EU member country nationals, and against people-trafficking networks, which are an element of organised crime,
F. whereas there is a high mortality rate attached to illegal immigration and information campaigns need to be conducted with the countries of origin and transit on the risks and fatal consequences of this type of immigration,
G. whereas, while border controls are the responsibility of each Member State as regards its own section of border, the migratory pressure on the Eastern and Southern borders of the Union requires a spirit of joint responsibility and compulsory solidarity to develop among the Member States, so as to facilitate the sharing of the material and human resources which can be mobilised to combat this phenomenon,
H. whereas the long-term objective of all these instruments (FRONTEX, EUROSUR, the Electronic System for Travel Authorisation (ESTA), the entry/exit registration system, fast-tracking) is the gradual establishment of a European integrated border management system,
I. welcoming the first quantifiable results from the FRONTEX agency since it launched operations in October 2005, and noting the need to define a medium and long-term strategy, which has become essential at this stage of its development,
J. whereas FRONTEX is a first-pillar Community body subject to the principles of full democratic scrutiny and transparency and, as such, has an obligation to uphold and promote the fundamental values of the Union,
K. whereas the coordinating intelligence-driven operations carried out by FRONTEX are based on risk analyses and threat assessments made under the secrecy rule,
L. whereas the FRONTEX development strategy should be taken as an opportunity to test the viability of the principle of 'compulsory solidarity' between Member States (already referred to in the context of Regulation (EC) No 863/2007 establishing a mechanism for the creation of Rapid Border Intervention Teams (RABIT) which co-ordinates the Union's rapid reaction capacities in case of emergency) in order to determine the appropriate way of ensuring that the material resources (listed in the Centralised Records of Available Technical Equipment (CRATE)) and human resources needed to enable the Agency to take effective action are made unconditionally available,
M. whereas Parliament has consistently supported the Agency and has voted to increase its budget significantly in order to enable it to have sufficient financial resources to carry out its tasks,
N. whereas the Agency has embarked upon maritime missions off the coast of the Southern Member States, the success of which has varied depending on the level of co-operation of the third countries from which the immigrants depart; whereas the Hera mission off the Canary Islands has been successful and has led to a significant reduction in the number of arrivals, however the Nautilus mission in the central Mediterranean area has not been effective since the number of arrivals has increased rather than decreased,
O. whereas immigration hotspots in the Southern maritime regions require continuous patrolling by maritime missions that are deployed on a permanent basis,
P. whereas any action taken by the Agency should at any event comply with the standards of international law, in particular those relating to maritime law as well as to human rights, the dignity of the human being and of refugees, particularly the right of asylum, and the principle of non-refoulement.
Q. whereas all the Agency's actions should take into account the need to take the necessary precautions, and use all necessary means, to respect the most vulnerable, women (and in particular pregnant women), children (especially unaccompanied minors), older people, and people with disabilities or serious illnesses,
R. whereas the humanitarian dimension of the action of FRONTEX must be enhanced by ensuring maximum legal certainty, in the context both of rescue operations it has to carry out and of joint returns operations to which it has to contribute,
S. whereas, in the light of their success, operations for the training of the specialist staff involved in the functioning of FRONTEX deserve to be continued, and should in particular be extended to staff from third countries who have to cooperate with FRONTEX on a daily basis in order to train them in sea rescue operations and the recovery of bodies in the event of shipwreck,
T. whereas border controls do not just focus on unauthorised border crossings, but also on other aspects of cross-border crime, such as trafficking in human beings, drugs smuggling or illicit trade in arms, thus helping to increase internal security as a whole,
U. whereas FRONTEX action cannot be effective without a European border management policy that incorporates the proposed new European border control systems, such as the Electronic System for Travel Authorisation (ESTA), the entry/exit registration system, or fast-tracking,
1. Calls on the Member States to consider a global approach to the challenge of migration, seeking with equal vigour to achieve progress not only in stepping up checks at the Union's borders, in combating illegal immigration and returning illegal immigrants to their home countries, and in combating illegal work and the trafficking of human beings, but also in organising legal immigration and measures to facilitate the integration of legal immigrants, in promoting a global partnership with third countries to promote a positive relationship between migration and development, and in establishing a consistent human rights policy at EU level;
2. Considers the FRONTEX Agency as an essential instrument in the Union's global strategy on immigration and calls on the Commission to present proposals to review the mandate of the Agency in order to strengthen its role and make it more effective;
3. Stresses the importance of being aware of the absolute necessity for FRONTEX to be able to count on the availability of the resources placed at its disposal by the Member States, notably through CRATE, both for its coordination of the individual joint operations and for its permanent missions; regrets that some Member States have not so far demonstrated sufficient willingness to provide the necessary assets to FRONTEX and calls upon them to do so;
4. Welcomes the adoption of the European Immigration and Asylum Pact by the European Council and its calls for the strengthening of the Agency;
5. Stresses that FRONTEX should integrate measures to control trafficking in human beings into its work, particularly at the Union's external borders;
6. Calls on the Member States, to that end, to formalise as soon as possible a system of 'compulsory and irrevocable solidarity' subject to feasibility and the current specific needs of each participating country, to enable FRONTEX, in preparing and completing its missions, to remove the uncertainty as to the extent of the resources it can count on in real time;
7. Calls for the establishment of permanent and uninterrupted operational joint surveillance patrols all year round in all high-risk areas, particularly at sea borders where there is a serious risk of loss of life, the right to life being the first inviolable fundamental right;
8. Stresses how important it is that EC law should accord with other international law that applies in this field, so that the Union can contribute effectively to the efforts required in order to help refugees in distress;
9. Calls on the Member States to commit themselves as soon as possible to giving concrete expression to this solidarity principle, particularly by increasing the material resources it makes available to the Agency, especially in terms of surface assets, and by guaranteeing that they will be unconditionally available in practice in a timely manner;
10. Calls on FRONTEX to send a report to Parliament and the Council, detailing in particular the actual use and real availability of the materials listed in the CRATE database, highlighting any difficulties encountered and providing full information on which Member States are providing assets and which ones are not;
11. Calls on the Member States, in the event of persistent insufficient availability of resources, to take a rapid decision on altering the scale of FRONTEX's budget to enable it to carry out its missions and, possibly, examine the legal aspects of the future renting and/or purchase of materials for that purpose;
12. Recalls that Parliament, as an arm of the budgetary authority, has already increased FRONTEX's budget since the Agency's inception and will ensure that the budget is correctly implemented and adapted to changes in the agency's functions;
13. Welcomes the major cooperation efforts that have been achieved by almost all the third countries with which FRONTEX has been called upon to cooperate on a day-to-day basis, and which have led to very positive results, for example in the Canary Islands; regrets, however, that co-operation on immigration is still lacking in other cases, such as Turkey and Libya;
14. Urges the Union to include, as part of its negotiations with third countries, the need for greater cooperation by third countries in the field of immigration and calls on those third countries whose cooperation has been insufficient – or non-existent – to make every effort to facilitate the work of the Agency, particularly by ensuring that their enforcement services cooperate more effectively;
15. Calls on the Commission and on Member States to redouble their efforts to achieve a higher level of co-operation from third countries, notably through the negotiation of readmission agreements; considers that immigration should be an intrinsic part of any negotiations of agreements with third countries which are countries of origin or countries of transit;
16. Stresses the need for FRONTEX, in cooperation with third countries, to take due account of the opinions of those Member States which have had the most experience in tackling the illegal immigration issues relating to the countries in question; participation by a third country in any joint Member State operation coordinated by FRONTEX must be subject to the approval of the Member State hosting the operation;
17 Calls for the mandate of FRONTEX to explicitly include an obligation to meet international human rights standards and a duty towards asylum seekers in rescue operations at high sea, and for cooperation with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees and other relevant non-governmental organisations to be formalised within the mandate;
18. Is concerned that third country nationals may lack adequate means to monitor whether personal information on them gathered in the planned "system of systems" of the EU is handled in accordance with the principles of data protection law applicable in the Union; calls on the Commission to clarify to what extent personal data will be made available to third country administrations;
19. Calls for FRONTEX's competences to be extended so that it can be encouraged to carry out projects and operations in third countries, inter alia in order to strengthen the effectiveness of working agreements and identify the needs for capacity building with regard to border management in third-countries;
20. Calls on FRONTEX to strengthen and take up its key role in supporting joint return operations and all the aspects involved in these procedures, and, in a spirit of solidarity, calls on Member States to involve FRONTEX when planning and organising joint return flights and identifying the need for joint returns;
21. Calls on the Member States to permit FRONTEX's mandate to be reviewed so as to eliminate legal vacuums which could hamper its action, setting out in particular the precise legal conditions for its sea rescue operations and for its contribution to return operations, and including the option for third countries to use its equipment, in particular by means of pilot projects from which they would benefit;
22. Calls on the Commission to fully evaluate FRONTEX activities with regard to their impact on fundamental freedoms and rights, including the responsibility to protect people;
23. Calls for training of FRONTEX staff regarding the various gender dimensions that arise in the context of the Agency's work;
24. Considers that such a broadening of the tasks of FRONTEX, and its contribution as part of the daily battle against illegal immigration, could justify the structural development of its logistical and administrative capacities, while complying with the proportionality principle;
25. Considers in particular that, while the rhythm of work and the resources employed do not yet justify creating a large number of decentralised agencies, consideration might be given at this stage to setting up two distinct external offices - one coordinating activities at land borders, the other for sea operations -, bearing in mind that land migratory routes on the Eastern border will increasingly represent a major challenge in the future and should deserve increased attention and means;
26. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to consider the feasibility of a European border guard system;
27. Stresses the need to carry out training for staff deployed in FRONTEX operations - particularly training in maritime law, asylum law and fundamental rights - including, once its mandate has been widened, for staff from the third countries involved; to that end, encourages FRONTEX to cooperate with other institutions such as the International Organization for Migration, the Agency for Fundamental Rights and the Office of the UNHCR, the UN body responsible for the Law of the Sea and NGOs as well as other associations with experience and know-how in these areas;
28. Calls on the Commission to organise information campaigns on best practice in the Member States on the risks of illegal immigration;
29. Welcomes the discussion being carried on the Council aimed at setting up the EUROSUR border surveillance system with a view to optimising the exploitation of all surveillance systems, essentially by extending their existing cover, which currently reaches only part of the areas where operations need to be carried out;
30. Urges, therefore, that work begin without delay on the upgrading of the national surveillance systems and their interconnection as a network, and that, in the interest of coherence, FRONTEX be given the task of assembling the available tools, and in particular of managing the secure web-based Information and Coordination Network for Member States' Migration Management Services (ICONET) and of resuming the work of the Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange on the Crossing of Frontiers and Immigration (CIREFI);
31. Calls for the Agency to further its cooperation on risk analysis with Europol and other European agencies, as well as with other international bodies and third country border control authorities, especially in the context of breaking international trafficking rings and bringing to justice persons involved in the trafficking of illegal immigrants; also considers it essential that there be a mechanism enabling FRONTEX to transfer key intelligence to those who can make best use of it;
32. Calls on the Member States to ensure that the concrete needs of the border control services are specifically taken into account in research activities;
33. Considers the objective of truly EU integrated border management as legitimate and agrees that is important to continuously develop and strengthen the EU's common policy on border management; stresses, however, the need for an evaluation and assessment of existing systems and those under preparation before moving ahead with the new building blocks as proposed by the Commission in its Communication entitled "Preparing the next steps in border management in the European Union" (COM(2008)0069); insists furthermore on a comprehensive master plan, setting out the overall architecture of the EU's border strategy as well as the details for how all related programmes and schemes are supposed to collectively function and how the relationship among related programmes can be optimised;
34. Calls on FRONTEX to take the initiative of creating a common information-sharing environment between the competent national authorities in order to optimise the collection, analysis and dissemination of sensitive data; calls on the European Security Research and Innovation Forum (ESRIF) to make its contribution to achieving this objective, giving priority in its work to common applications for the improvement of, and innovation in, the field of surveillance tools;
35. Calls for the strengthening of the democratic control of FRONTEX by the European Parliament, and calls on the Agency to inform Parliament of negotiations to conclude agreements signed with third countries, to present tactical assessments focused on particular border regions, and to publish evaluation reports on joint operations and other coordinated missions, risk analyses, feasibility studies and statistics on migration trends; points out that democratic oversight of FRONTEX's activities would, among other things, enhance its legitimacy; nevertheless the information published in those reports should not contain confidential data that may affect ongoing operations;
36. Calls on the Commission to clarify what range of logistical support on border surveillance is intended for neighbouring third countries as mentioned under step 3 of Phase 1 of EUROSUR;
37. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council and Commission, the governments and parliaments of the Member States, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees and the International Organisation for Migration.
I. Introduction
'I want to smile because I feel as though I have the strength of a giant. I have jumped over Europe. I have stridden across the seas and leapt over the mountains.
Massambalo. He recalled the tale he had heard the day before. Yes, it was the same name, the name of the god of emigrants, who leaps across the Dark Continent to watch over the suffering peoples….'
Laurent Gaudé, L'Eldorado (pub. Acte du Sud)
Neither the African god whom Laurent Gaudé evokes in his splendid novel, nor any of the other gods of the emigrants, are able to watch over the ever-growing number of human beings who 'stride across the seas and leap over the mountains' to reach the European dream. The number of people lost at sea, and the images of the makeshift vessels constantly landing on the southern shores of the European Union, remind us of this every day.
These gods cannot protect all these desperate people from the mortal perils they undergo on the route to hope, nor from the claws of the mafias and networks of people-smugglers, nor from the unscrupulous employers who will exploit them when they arrive here.
It is up to us as humans, it is up to us as Europeans, to close off this route to hell, to put an end to illegal immigration. At the same time we must ensure that only immigrants using legal channels can reach the territory of the European Union, and that effort is then made to enable them to integrate into our societies.
It is also up to us Europeans to establish adequate cooperation with their countries of origin so that immigration can become a factor in the development of these countries, of our own host countries and especially of the immigrants themselves.
In this comprehensive European response to the challenge of immigration we have to carry out a thankless but indispensable task, the management of border controls, at all the European Union's external borders.
This is but one facet of the comprehensive policy the Union needs to develop, the chief elements of which are set out in the recent European Pact on Immigration and Asylum.
It is in this context that the subject of your rapporteur's own-initiative report needs to be seen. The report outlines a proposal on the evaluation and future development of the FRONTEX Agency and of the European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR) in response to the Commission's communication on this topic.
Your rapporteur has sought to build on the various discussions which took place at the public hearing on 30 June 2008, during the debates in the LIBE committee and in contacts with representatives of the Commission, Council and NGOs and, of course, with the heads of the Agency, in particular its director and deputy director. The amendments from the various political groups will enrich the debate and the report.
Finally, to obtain a complete overview of the integrated management of borders, this report should be taken together with Parliament's report on the Commission communication on preparing the next steps in border management in the European Union.
II. 2005/2007 Evaluation
The FRONTEX Agency's priority activities lie in the coordination of operational cooperation between Member States in the management of external borders.
Its aim is to improve the integrated management of the Member States' external borders with a view to combating illegal immigration and networks of people-traffickers, while fully respecting the dignity and fundamental rights of immigrants, first and foremost their right to life. To that end, Parliament should call for an amendment to the Agency's mandate specifying the legal conditions for rescues at sea. The Agency should also continue to take precautions to ensure that the most vulnerable – women and children, and in particular [unaccompanied] minors and those with handicaps – are treated with dignity and with respect for their human rights.
The Agency has already carried out 28 joint operations in 2006 and 2007: nine at sea borders, 12 at land borders and seven at air borders, plus ten pilot projects to supplement these operations.
These operations generate a profitable exchange of best practice and information, and help step up routine cooperation between the national border control services: in the course of two years, more than 53 000 people have been apprehended or refused entry at borders, more than 2900 forged travel documents detected and 58 smugglers of illegal immigrants arrested.
The participation of the Member States has been patchy: on average, seven Member States took part in operations at sea borders, nine at land borders and 11 at air borders. Parliament should insist that all Member States meet their obligations and make available the material and human resources needed to enable the Agency to function effectively, on the principle of 'compulsory solidarity' as set out in the rules of the Rapid Border Intervention Teams (RABIT). In the event of a persistent shortage of available resources, the option should be considered of adjusting the Agency's budget to enable it to acquire or rent its own equipment.
Among other major initiatives the following may be noted: the creation of the European Patrols Network (May 2007) along the coastal areas of the Member States concerned, and the creation of the Centralised Records of Available Technical Equipment (CRATE) for border checks and surveillance.
At strategic level, experience shows that cooperation in operations to combat illegal immigration at Europe's southern sea border is an urgent priority. Consequently Parliament should call for consideration to be given to creating specialised regional offices of the Agency in the Member States which are subject to constant pressure from illegal immigration, and for the systematic deployment of missions in high-risk areas.
FRONTEX can also provide support for Member States faced with situations calling for enhanced operational and technical assistance and the deployment of rapid intervention teams at borders.
The RABIT system, which entered into force on 20 August 2007 and has been approved by Parliament at first reading, provides for just such a 'rapid reaction capability' to supply additional human resources to any Member State in difficulties. The rapid border intervention pool set aside for this purpose includes 500-600 border guards, and an exercise was carried out in autumn 2007.
FRONTEX should consider, as a preventive measure, acquiring its own equipment – which would be used by the rapid intervention teams – to guarantee their availability at the shortest possible notice in the event of an emergency.
FRONTEX is also developing assistance to Member States for the training of their national border guards, including setting common training standards.
The 97 FRONTEX training events were held for a total of 1341 people, with the aim of harmonising border guards' training everywhere in Europe.
The approach adopted has proved very fruitful and therefore deserves to be extended while respecting (and being consistent with) the Schengen acquis. Training should concentrate on staff from the third countries cooperating with FRONTEX. Cooperation with international organisations such as the IMO or the UNHCR should also be developed.
It should also be stressed that the Agency carries out its own risk analyses, which play a crucial role across the whole range of its work: for example, during the second annual assessment (February 2007) it contributed to drafting the Organized Crime Threat Assessment (OCTA) report and, in collaboration with Europol, the report on high-risk routes used for illegal immigration in the Western Balkans.
To that end, in 2007 FRONTEX linked up to the ICONet network – which has been in place since 2006 to enable the departments concerned to exchange information on illegal migratory flows – with a view to exchanging information with the Member States on risk analyses, the preparation of joint operations and returns; it also participates in meetings of CIREFI (the Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange on the Crossing of Frontiers and Immigration).
In order to exploit synergies and achieve economies of scale, the various instruments and bodies available should be managed by FRONTEX.
The Agency is involved in research in areas related to external border checks and surveillance: this surveillance has already been put into practice in the form of six projects and seven workshops/seminars devoted to R&D, which have contributed to devising and selecting the entry/exit registration system (including BIOPASS) and the European border surveillance system; in particular, the Agency participates actively in the work of the new European Security Research and Innovation Forum (ESRIF), as part of which a separate working party on border security has been set up.
Work will be needed to ensure that the concrete requirements of the border control services are specifically taken into account in the various research activities.
Finally, downstream of the control and surveillance operations, the Agency is empowered to supply Member States with the aid necessary to organise joint return operations. Though it has already contributed to the organisation of nine operations of this type, its role and the legal conditions under which it operates remain vague and should therefore be clearly defined.
III. Long-term vision
The FRONTEX Agency will be an essential, if not central, feature of the long-term development of the EU's border management strategy. Thanks to a gradual approach and the progressive stepping up of its capabilities, it can provide a real added value to benefit the overall Schengen system, particularly in the context of measures involving cooperation with third countries, by ensuring coherence between its activities and the global framework of foreign policy.
Collaboration and cooperation arrangements have already been established with the Russian, Ukrainian and Swiss authorities and are yielding excellent results, and several others are currently being negotiated.
Regarding measures at borders, FRONTEX is also giving consideration to the notion of a 'one-stop shop' combining customs and border control authorities, while still assessing best practice in terms of cooperation between the competent bodies or in connection with the most successful pilot projects.
The Agency's most important contribution may be found in its participation in devising the EUROSUR system (adopted by the Council on 14 and 15 December 2006), focusing on the Union's southern and eastern borders, the first priority of which must be to integrate all the maritime surveillance facilities in order to fulfil as well as possible the tasks assigned to it: to reduce the number of illegal immigrants arriving on EU territory; to step up internal security as a whole by helping combat and dismantle cross-border crime; and to step up search and rescue capabilities so as to save more lives (in all three cases, the success of EUROSUR requires the full involvement of the third countries concerned, particularly those of the southern shore of the Mediterranean, from which the greatest migratory pressure on the EU comes).
The main challenge is to improve coordination of the existing surveillance infrastructures and extend their cover, which currently reaches only part of the areas where operations need to be carried out, in order to obtain a full picture of the situation in real time and increase the reaction capacity for law and order and/or emergency services. Parliament should call for the harmonisation of national surveillance systems to be initiated without delay and interconnected in a network. On R&D, priority should be given to common applications for improvement of and innovation in surveillance tools.
Finally, it needs to be decided who should be given the task of creating a common environment for sharing information between the relevant national authorities, in order to optimise the collection, analysis and dissemination of this sensitive data.
Clearly, FRONTEX and EUROSUR will show up the essential need for operational solidarity between the Member States: only if this is actively implemented will it be possible for resources to be channelled towards the border areas where there is the greatest need.
The matter of establishing a fully-fledged corps of border guards cannot be decided until the first lessons have been learned from the operation of the Agency; for, while the questions being asked about improving the current system for allocating resources to the relevant sectors, and about optimising the profitability of existing mechanisms are quite legitimate, they must not get in the way of the fact – without even going into the highly political nature of creating such a force – that the Member States of the Union already have 450 000 border guards…
Mr Gérard Deprez
Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs
Subject: LIBE report on the evaluation and future development of the FRONTEX Agency and of the European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR) - rapporteur: Mr. Javier Moreno Sánchez
Dear Chairman,
On behalf of the Committee on Budgets, please allow me to present some remarks concerning the above-mentioned report.
The Committee on budgets is fully aware of the importance of the activities of FRONTEX for ensuring the control of the borders of the Union and tackling illegal immigration and supports the strengthening of its capacities, as shown by its support for the substantial increase of the funds for this agency in recent years. Just recently our committee voted in favour of a further increase of the credits for FRONTEX in view of the first reading of the budgetary procedure for 2009 in terms very near to those proposed by your committee.
This increase was particularly intended to allow FRONTEX to run joint missions permanently throughout the whole year, notably at the Southern Borders of the Union (HERA, NAUTILUS, POSEIDON). A part of those additional credits has been put in the reserve, in waiting of the submission by the Executive director of the Agency of the plans to make such operations permanent.
In this context, it may prove useful that the report of your committee - which contains also a call for joint permanent mission in its paragraph 4 - recalls this increase and the need to take the necessary administrative measures to render it effective. Furthermore, it could also further stress the need to ensure that not only financial means be available, but also that all legal conditions necessary to ensure that joint missions become permanent are fulfilled - if necessary, through an addition to the legal basis.
Allow me also some considerations on the reference in paragraph 7 of the draft report to the acquisition by the Agency of "material to carry out its mission". Without entering into the merit of the question of how far can the Agency replace Member States in this domain - bearing in mind that the Agency is only entitled to acquire "technical equipment", our committee tends to consider that it is rather for the Member States to put material and human resources at the disposal of the Agency - allow me to call your attention to the fact that any possible alteration "of the scale of FRONTEX's budget" is not a decision to be solely taken by Member States, but belongs to the exclusive competencies of the budgetary authority - thus including the European Parliament.
Finally, Mr Chairman, concerning the reference to a possible creation of "decentralised agencies" made on paragraph 13 of the draft report - although this seems a mere hypothetical consideration - allow me to recall that the Committee on Budgets has repeatedly stated in interinstitutional negotiations that no more decentralised agencies should be created before a thorough evaluation of the role of the agencies be conducted. Indeed, the Commission and the Council have subscribed to this position, as the declaration agreed on the last budgetary conciliation of the 18 July last shows, and an understanding on the principle of convening an interinstitutional group to conduct this evaluation was indeed reached.
Of course, the legal basis of FRONTEX already foresees the possibility that "specialised branches" of the Agency be set up in Member States, in agreement with these, should the Management Board of the Agency consider it necessary. Our committee considers it, nevertheless, important to stress that any future establishment of "specialised branches" takes account as much as possible of the existing capacities of Member States as well as of the specific burdens that they face, in order to avoid any useless duplication.
I hope, Mr Chairman, that your committee can take these remarks into consideration when adopting its final report.
Yours sincerely
Reimer Böge
Chairman of the Committee on Budgets
for the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs
on the evaluation and future development of the FRONTEX Agency and the European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR)
Rapporteur: Gabriele Zimmer
The Committee on Development calls on the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, as the committee responsible, to incorporate the following suggestions in its motion for a resolution:
1. Stresses that FRONTEX's task is to coordinate the operational cooperation between Member States in terms of border security and that FRONTEX provides particular added value to the national border management systems of the Member States;
2. Recalls the commitments of the EU on policy coherence for development as stated in Article 178 of the EC Treaty and the conclusions of the Justice and Home Affairs Council of 5-6 June 2008 on enhancing the Global Approach to Migration, in particular that the respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms of migrants, the 1951 Geneva Convention and due access to asylum procedures lie at the basis of the EU's migration and refugee protection policies;
3. Insists that all EU agencies, including FRONTEX, must, in all their activities, fully respect the fundamental values of the EU and that FRONTEX should be subject to scrutiny by the European Parliament;
4. Stresses that EU border security is the responsibility of all Member States and that border control must be operated in a spirit of sharing responsibilities and solidarity; calls therefore on the Council to make the principle of responsibility sharing mandatory for all Member States;
5. Is convinced that upholding and promoting fundamental freedoms and rights, including the right to seek asylum and access to legal support for persons seeking protection, should be considered as a crucial part of any comprehensive integrated border management system, and an integral part of the mandate and activities of FRONTEX;
6. Warns that FRONTEX is not a panacea for all the problems caused by irregular migration;
7. Welcomes the Commission's proposal to include specialised courses in asylum and human rights law in FRONTEX training activities and encourages the further development of this approach; proposes that FRONTEX strengthen its close co-operation with UNHCR, including with regard to training activities;
8. Calls on the Commission to table without delay a proposal for a revision of FRONTEX's mandate in order to include rescue at sea;
9. Is concerned that EU activities in developing countries to assist legal migration are being given a lower priority than the fight against irregular migration;
10. Warns that FRONTEX operations outside the territory of the EU may deprive refugees of the right to seek asylum and access to legal support for persons seeking protection in the EU;
11. Is deeply concerned that an expansion of maritime operations co-ordinated by FRONTEX may result in an increased death toll on even more dangerous sea routes; points out that a realistic analysis of flows must take a global approach, since limiting the analysis to single routes would give false indications of trends;
12. Highlights the fact that rescue activities and support for persons seeking protection or asylum require special attention to be paid to persons with specific needs, such as children and women, and therefore considers that FRONTEX training courses should include content on addressing specific needs;
13. Calls on the Commission to clarify to what extent information gathered through the so-called pre-frontier intelligence picture will be shared with African and other governments;
14. Is concerned that third country nationals may lack adequate means to monitor whether personal information on them gathered in the planned "system of systems" of the EU is handled in accordance with the principles of data protection law applicable in the EU; calls on the Commission to clarify to what extent personal data will be made available to third country administrations;
15. Calls on the Commission to clarify what range of logistical support on border surveillance is intended for neighbouring third countries as mentioned under step 3 of Phase 1 of EUROSUR.
Date adopted |
7.10.2008 |
Result of final vote |
+: –: 0: |
26 0 0 |
Members present for the final vote |
Alessandro Battilocchio, Thijs Berman, Josep Borrell Fontelles, Danutė Budreikaitė, Nirj Deva, Alexandra Dobolyi, Beniamino Donnici, Fernando Fernández Martín, Juan Fraile Cantón, Alain Hutchinson, Romana Jordan Cizelj, Filip Kaczmarek, Glenys Kinnock, Maria Martens, José Javier Pomés Ruiz, Toomas Savi, Frithjof Schmidt, Jürgen Schröder, Anna Záborská |
Substitute(s) present for the final vote |
Fiona Hall, Miguel Angel Martínez Martínez, Manolis Mavrommatis, Anne Van Lancker, Renate Weber, Gabriele Zimmer |
Substitute(s) under Rule 178(2) present for the final vote |
Catherine Boursier |
Date adopted |
5.11.2008 |
Result of final vote |
+: –: 0: |
40 2 4 |
Members present for the final vote |
Alexander Alvaro, Catherine Boursier, Emine Bozkurt, Philip Bradbourn, Mihael Brejc, Kathalijne Maria Buitenweg, Maddalena Calia, Giusto Catania, Jean-Marie Cavada, Carlos Coelho, Gérard Deprez, Bárbara Dührkop Dührkop, Armando França, Urszula Gacek, Kinga Gál, Patrick Gaubert, Roland Gewalt, Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert, Lívia Járóka, Ewa Klamt, Magda Kósáné Kovács, Henrik Lax, Roselyne Lefrançois, Baroness Sarah Ludford, Viktória Mohácsi, Javier Moreno Sánchez, Rareş-Lucian Niculescu, Athanasios Pafilis, Maria Grazia Pagano, Martine Roure, Sebastiano Sanzarello, Inger Segelström, Csaba Sógor, Søren Bo Søndergaard, Vladimir Urutchev, Ioannis Varvitsiotis, Manfred Weber, Renate Weber, Tatjana Ždanoka |
Substitute(s) present for the final vote |
Marco Cappato, Genowefa Grabowska, Ona Juknevičienė, Jean Lambert, Marian-Jean Marinescu, Antonio Masip Hidalgo |
Substitute(s) under Rule 178(2) present for the final vote |
Fernand Le Rachinel |


text:
FREE shipping over $99.
Good Sam members: FREE shipping over $69. | Join Now
Aruba Hammock
- ---
FREE Standard Shipping over $99. | Good Sam Members: FREE Shipping over $69
This item is excluded from all discounts and promotions.
We believe in offering the very best value, quality, and selection. Plus, we want you to enjoy your purchase! In the event you wish to send a product back to us, you may return most unused items for a refund or exchange, minus shipping, within 90 days from the date of purchase unless noted below under exceptions and exclusions. Refunds are issued to the original form of payment, unless returned in store where some exclusions may apply.
The bold colors and stripes add to the overall quality of this hammock and the select hardwood spreader bars, keep the hammock open and inviting. This single size hammock measures 47" wide and 122" in overall length, it is rated at a full 330 lbs of capacity. A zippered storage bag with shoulder strap makes it easy to take with you to your favorite relaxation spot, it also keeps it clean and tidy for off season storage.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
How I Quit My Job Building Micro Niche Sites 10 Years Ago! Online Business Lessons Learned
When you buy something through one of the links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission.
On March 11th, 2011 I quit the corporate world and I've been a full-time entrepreneur ever since. This is my story and what I've experienced over the last 10 years.
Want to learn step-by-step how I built my Niche Site Empire up to a full-time income?
Yes! I Love to Learn
Learn How I Built My Niche Site Empire to a Full-time Income
- How to Pick the Right Keywords at the START, and avoid the losers
- How to Scale and Outsource 90% of the Work, Allowing Your Empire to GROW Without You
- How to Build a Site That Gets REAL TRAFFIC FROM GOOGLE (every. single. day.)
- Subscribe to the Niche Pursuits Newsletter delivered with value 3X per week
My top recommendations


text:
About 200 people attended an informal out-of-door conference BarCamp. Civil society activists, entrepreneurs, journalists, bloggers, professors of Moscow State University and local universities, government officials and experts from different areas of the Kirov region, Komi Republic, Tatarstan, Moscow and from nearby towns came to education camp on June 18 and 19.
Within two days, participants discussed the problems in the sphere of ecology, culture, education, tourism, urban environment, housing, non-profit organizations work, mechanisms of social control by the population, the social role of the media and others.
The main topic of BarCamp was "national budget". Speakers talked about how to combine resources and send your project to participate in the program to support local initiatives. A total of 30 experts visited BarCamp.
Internet journal «7x7» published decrypts of several lectures: of sociologist and urbanist from Kazan Maria Leontyeva, civic activist Mikhail Armichev, experts on political psychology of the Moscow State University Svetlana Nesterova and Andrei Zverev, professor of history and theory of policy, the head of the executive committee of the Russian Society of Political Scientists Igor Kuznetsov, deputy head of the administration of Slobodskoy Alevtina Polyahova, politologist Vladimir Izotov, expert of the Committee of civil initiatives Nadezhda Gavrilova.
Video of speeches can be found here.
Participants spoke in tents with the sound equipment.
Camp participants arrived by the free bus. Place was treated against ticks, set with wash basin and mobile toilets. At registration, each person was issued with a lapel pin "I am a participant of BarCamp". Participants lived in tents. They could buy coffee, tea, homemade cakes with vegetables and plov.
There was also free market, and everyone could take the necessary thing: books or clothes. Some came to BarCamp with children and dogs.
After the lectures and workshops, artists of Theatre on Spasskaya read the play of the playwright Maxim Kurochkin "Class of Bento Bonchev". Then there was an acoustic concert: made by a group of "StihiYA" and creative duo of Julia Guseva and Dmitry Ambien. At night the campers sang songs with a guitar by the campfire.
On the morning of the second day Yevgeny Pinkus held yoga for everyone. A drop-off point was was created by activists from the Green movement ECA.
Natalia Volnaya, «7x7»


text:
Many thyroid conditions, whether hypo or hyper, respond well to nutritional support. The thyroid needs: vitamins A,B,C,D, E and F complexes (essential fatty acids); the amino acid tyrosine; and the trace minerals iodine, iron, selenium, magnesium and zinc to produce and utilize its hormones. Fats transport and liberate iodine for utilization in the body. The iodine patch test is a great tool to assess iodine sufficiency.
Source: Wild, D. (2012). The skin, tongue and nails speak (p. 129). Loveland, Colo.: Unique Perspective Press.


text:
Boasting a single 12" Celestion® V-Type speaker, this easily portable combo amp packs quite the punch of distinctively crunchy Bassbreaker tone.
Let the EL84 tubes sparkle with nuanced clean tone, incinerate a path of destruction with fiery midrange distortion—or anything in between—with uncanny responsiveness to pick attack and control settings from mid- to high-gain. On stage or in the studio, the raw power is in your hands.
· Model Name: Bassbreaker™ 30R, 240V AUS
· Model #: 2264103000
· Series: Bassbreaker™
· Country Of Origin: MX
· Color: Black
· Amplifier Type: Tube
· Control Knobs: Black Plastic
· Inputs: One – 1/4″
· Cabinet Material: 7-9 Ply 18mm Meranti Plywood
· Handle: Black Leather Handle
· Speakers: One – 12″ Celestion® G12V-70
· Total Impedance: 8 ohms
· Power Tubes: 4 X EL84
· Preamp Tubes: 3 x 12AX7


text:
In the quest for financial security, it's often the silent money-saving moves that make the biggest difference. While flashy investment strategies and budget overhauls get a lot of attention, there are subtle yet highly effective ways to save money that often go unnoticed. These under-the-radar tactics can significantly contribute to building a secure financial future without drawing much attention. In this guide, we'll explore how to save money secretly.
1. Automatic Savings Transfers
Setting up automatic transfers from your checking to your savings account ensures that a portion of your income is saved without you even noticing.
2. Cash-Back Rewards
Use cash-back apps and credit cards to earn money on everyday purchases, effectively putting money back in your pocket.
3. DIY Home Maintenance
Learn basic home maintenance tasks like fixing leaks, unclogging drains, and performing minor repairs to save on costly professional services.
4. Brown-Bag Lunches
Bringing your lunch to work instead of dining out can save you hundreds or even thousands of dollars per year.
5. Energy Efficiency
Invest in energy-efficient appliances and make simple changes like sealing gaps and insulating to reduce utility bills.
6. Subscription Audits
Regularly review and cancel subscriptions you no longer use, from streaming services to gym memberships.
7. Generic Brands
Opt for generic or store-brand products when shopping for groceries and household items to save without sacrificing quality.
8. Tax Efficiency
Take advantage of tax deductions and credits available to you, such as those for retirement contributions and home energy improvements.
9. Secondhand Shopping
Explore thrift stores, online marketplaces, and garage sales for clothing, furniture, and electronics to find quality items at a fraction of the price.
10. Meal Planning
Plan your meals and create shopping lists to reduce food waste and curb impulse purchases.
11. DIY Gifts
Crafting homemade gifts for special occasions can be a heartfelt and cost-effective way to celebrate.
12. Refinance Loans
Refinancing high-interest loans or credit card balances into lower-rate options can save you money on interest.
13. Unplug and Conserve
Turn off lights, appliances, and electronics when not in use, and conserve water to reduce utility costs.
14. Emergency Fund Building
Establishing an emergency fund ensures that you won't have to rely on credit in unexpected financial situations, saving you from debt-related costs.
These silent money-saving moves may not be flashy, but their cumulative impact can be significant. Incorporating these strategies into your daily life can help you effortlessly build a strong financial foundation, allowing you to achieve your long-term goals and enjoy peace of mind. Remember, the key to financial security often lies in the subtle, consistent actions that silently safeguard your financial future.


text:
Make the Steinberg UR824 your next recording interface! This amazing 24-channel USB 2.0 audio interface combines the amazing sound quality of top-notch analog engineering with the power and flexibility of digital signal processing. Eight Steinberg D-Pre microphone preamps, each featuring Class A discrete circuitry, give you full dynamic range and rich sound. Built-in DSP processing technology and a software controlled zero-latency monitor mixer make integrating the UR824 into your studio easy. What's more, a pair of 8-channel optical ports let you expand your setup by adding additional preamplifiers or more Steinberg UR824s.
Steinberg UR824 USB 2.0 Audio Interface at a Glance:
- Amazing analog circuitry
- Built-in DSP makes tracking easy
- Digital monitoring convenience
Amazing analog circuitry
Eight truly discrete Class A preamp circuitry makes the Steinberg UR824 stand out, giving you amazing sound quality and wide dynamic range. Wait till you hear the astonishing sound quality the UR824 has to offer! Each of these microphone preamplifiers features +48V phantom power, so you can hook up any microphone in your collection. More over, the UR824 features XLR combo jacks, so you can plug in outboard gear and guitars as well.
Built-in DSP makes tracking easy
Steinberg knows that dull and lifeless monitor mixes lead to dull and lifeless performances. That's why they gave the UR824 powerful built-in DSP functions. In addition to a software-controlled DSP monitor mixer, you also get eight dedicated DSP channel strips allow you to dial in dynamics and EQ processing. On top of that, the UR824 features a DSP master REV-X reverb, which you can use to add dimension to the vocal mix. And since you're sure to love the sound of these DSP effects so much that you'll want to use them on everything, Steinberg also includes native VST 3 versions of the REV-X and Sweet Spot Morphing Channel Strip with the UR824.
Digital monitoring convenience
Steinberg's dspMixFx mixer software makes controlling the UR824's DSP effects is super easy. It also lets you create multiple monitor and send mixes. This makes the UR824 perfect for headphone mixes and outboard effects sends, allowing you to easily integrate the rest of your studio gear. What's more, the UR824 features highly accessible front-panel controls, including two headphone outputs with independent volume controls, plus an assignable master volume control.
Requirements for Mac OS X:
- Intel processor; Intel Core Duo or faster recommended
- OS X 10.5.8 or greater
- 1GB of RAM minimum; 2GB of RAM recommended
Requirements for Windows:
- Pentium/Athlon 2GHz; Dual Core processor recommended
- Windows 7 (32 and 64 bit), XP SP3, Vista SP2 (32 and 64 bit)
- iOS compliant (with the Apple iPad Camera Connection Kit)
- 1GB of RAM minimum; 2GB of RAM recommended


text:
Norwegian Xplorer
- Joined
- Apr 1, 2018
- Messages
- 111
Green lakes and glaciers. I finally arrive to what I look back on as the highlight of the Grand Scandinavian Tour. 7 days in the amazing Glacier Home National Park, "Breheimen". The name says it all, glaciers and emerald colored lakes. I also meet the largest reindeer bull I have ever seen and get a glimpse of the largest glacier in continental Europe.


text:
If you are a single gentleman from out of doors Ukraine, you could have many options meant for meeting a Ukrainian woman. Ukrainian gals have an impressive selection https://www.beastie.be/the-value-of-online-dating-turkish-girls-for-marital-relationship/ of personality traits, which share a desire to start a significant relationship. Ukrainian women traditionally evaluate success by marriage. Yet , these ladies are often very lively before they get committed. In addition , these kinds of women usually do not hesitate to fulfill people out of different countries or https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/ukraine/ cultures.
Ukraine ladies are known for their very own hard-working practices. They also may require time to maintain their very own looks and health. When you have virtually any health issues, Ukrainian females may not be a good choice for you. You should consider your personality https://ukraine-brides.org/about/ukraine-brides-scams/ and hobbies before determining on a Ukrainian woman to spend the rest of your life with.
Ukrainian girls are incredibly sensitive and offer. This makes them a great choice for marital relationship, and overseas men definitely will appreciate all their sincerity and commitment. This is also an excellent feature of Ukrainian women of all ages, because they are very devoted to their family. They may follow their husbands wherever each goes and will support them during crisis.
The present day Ukrainian woman is a lot stronger than her past generations, and is to earn more money and live a healthier way of life. They are also even more independent and more educated than their predecessors, and tend to be ready to explore new course. If you are taking into consideration get together a single Ukrainian woman, usually do not hesitate for making an appointment to satisfy her.
Before deciding to get married to a Ukrainian woman, you must initial meet her personally. This is an essential step to ensure you are compatible. Ukraine women prefer regular connection and will examine your persona. You may even need to ask her regarding her friends and family life. The woman might want to know should you have ever been wedded and if you may have children.
A single Ukrainian lady may possibly not be able to offer you the kind of relationship that you're most likely hoping for. In fact , she may prefer a more steady relationship which has a man that is ready to offer her with mental and material support. Despite this, you may need to be patient and consistent to meet women who is right for you.
Dating a Ukrainian young lady has many advantages. A single Ukrainian lady is found in a Ukrainian mail purchase wedding brides website out of anywhere in the community. Dating a Ukrainian woman can be a great way to discover your future partner. There are countless profiles of beautiful Ukrainian women of all ages on these sites.


text:
The Pink Pumpkin Project provides financial & emotional support to those in local communities fighting breast cancer
Whether it's Straight A's, or a neighbor helped you out we want to hear your good news weekday mornings during the Morning Pig Pen! Just submit your story and tune in with Mark, Gary & Mike to find out if you were selected as our "Diamond in the Rough". The Diamond in the Rough Good News of the day is positively powered by Ask Design Jewelers in Olean.
Weekdays at 9:20 AM
Submit your pick for Lunch Lady Katie's All Request Workday Café. Tune in during the show to hear your special pick.
Weekdays at 12:00 PM


text:
There are almost three million missing neuter/spay surgeries in the US due to the COVID pandemic, researchers report.
Along with veterinarian and staff shortages, the missing surgeries are contributing to widespread overcrowding at pet shelters.
The findings come from a new study of over 200 clinics from 2019 to 2021.
Progress made over decades to control overpopulation of dogs and cats through high-volume spay-neuter surgeries is now at risk thanks to the ongoing pandemic, the researchers say.
The impact—felt both at community shelters and veterinary clinics—includes sharp declines in spay-neuter surgeries after the initial pandemic-triggered lockdowns, followed by staffing shortages in clinics and shelters, overcrowding, and lagging pet adoption rates.
All of these problems are compounded by a nationwide shortage of veterinarians, which has been felt even more acutely in shelters and spay-neuter clinics, according to the study in Frontiers of Veterinary Science.
The study focused on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volume of surgical procedures performed by spay-neuter clinics, says lead author Simone Guerios, a clinical assistant professor of shelter medicine at the University of Florida.
The team drew its research from 212 clinics nationally, all of which make use of the cloud-based clinic management software program Clinic HQ, which is specifically designed for facilities that focus on spay-neuter and preventive health care services.
"The high level of spay-neuter achieved over the past five decades is the single most important driver of reduced pet overpopulation and euthanasia in animal shelters," Guerios says. "The rise in subsidized spay-neuter access helped drive the euthanasia of shelter pets in the United States from an estimated 13.5 million in 1973 to 1.5 million in 2019."
Using 2019 as a baseline, the researchers aimed to determine the impact of the pandemic on the volume of spay-neuter procedures performed in 2020-2021 at the 212 clinics, which collectively performed more than 1 million surgeries per year and were on track to increase surgeries by 5% over the previous year.
But in the 24 months from January 2020 through December 2021, 190,818 fewer surgeries were performed at the clinics studied than expected had 2019 levels been maintained, the researchers found.
"If a similar pattern was experienced by other spay-neuter programs in the United States, it would suggest there is a deficit of more than 2.7 million spay-neuter surgeries that animal welfare organizations have yet to address," says coauthor Julie Levy, professor of shelter medicine education.
All the impacts of the pandemic combined have the potential to undermine progress made in controlling pet populations and euthanasia in shelters, Levy adds.
"Currently, shelters are in crisis mode, with overcrowding and lagging adoptions," Guerios says. "Pet overpopulation seems to be increasing, leading to increased shelter euthanasia for the first time in many years."
Source: University of Florida


text:
Ambient, experimental, new age, instrumental & more – curated regularly by the Impose team
Take a dose of Impose's Elixir Module playlist, highlighting the sounds bubbling up in the cracks beneath our feet. Updated regularly and featuring experimental and instrumental music from across genres and spheres, Elixir Module is the path into the ambient unknown.
desert sand feels warm at night – グリッサンド
Greg Keller – Floating
Space Afrika – yyyyyy2222
Green-House – Peace Piece
Swim Ignorant Fire – Apeiron
Alister Fawnwoda, Suzanne Ciani, Greg Leisz – Delayed
Tim Hecker – Ice Row
Shackleton – The Turbulent Sea
Sam Gendel, Sam Wilkes – CAROLINE, NO
Cecil Purihin – Day at the River
John Carroll Kirby – Phoebe's Theme
Highland Park Sleep Collective, OFFAIR – Generation Loss
Time Wharp – Ingenue
Japanese Breakfast – The Ewer (Night)
Kaitlyn Aurelia Smith, Emile Mosseri – Moon In Your Eye
Arigto – Come What May, This Is Happiness
Olive Fromm – Three Sept/embers
Sangam – Around Point
Mary Lattimore – Wawa by the Ocean
desert sand feels warm at night – Follow Him, For He Is The One
From The Mouth Of The Sun – Landing in the Dark
Sensible Soccers – Cantiga Da Ponte


text:
Follis from Emperor Diocletian (284-305 AD)
Follis dated 284-305 AD, struck under Emperor Diocletian. Good Very Fine condition. Very rare coin. Rev: Providentia standing right, extending right hand to Quies who stands to left holding branch and sceptre. RIC 114. Ex. the Dattari collection; Vico sale 147, 2017, 235. 6,42 g.
Protocol no. 4745
kr 8,950.00
1 in stock


text:
Speech to the International Fiscal Association
by the Paymaster General, UK
Four years ago we set our central economic objective of high and stable levels of growth and employment. The two pillars of the Government's approach are delivering macroeconomic stability, to allow firms and individuals to invest for the future, and impletuenting microeconomic reforms to remove the barriers which prevent markets from functioning efficiently.
In the last Parliament, we put in place reforms to achieve macroeconomic stability and to promote work. The UK has now achieved the highest employment of almost any OECD country and the lowest inflation in the EU.
Building on this platform of stability and employment creation, we must now direct our energies to radical reform and modernization of product, labor and capital markets, so that the UK's productivity will rise faster than that of its industrial competitors as we close the productivity gap.
On Monday, the Chancellor announced the next steps we will take to deliver this ambition. These include major reforms to the competition regime. This is at the heart of the Government's strategy. Vigorous competition between firms leads to increased innovation and greater efficiency—and in turn to increased productivity growth.
So we are modernizing "complex monopoly" powers, providing a strong legal basis for competition authorities to promote competition across the economy, giving them full independence backed by additional resources and consulting on the introduction of criminal penalties for those involved in cartels.
The Chancellor also announced a series of measures aimed at helping small and medium sized enterprises. We will cut the Capital Gains Tax rate on business assets, creating a regime for entrepreneurs that will be more favorable to enterprise than that of the US.
We are proposing the doubling of the assets limit for Enterprise Management Incentives, so that more growing companies can attract the high-quality employees they need to realize their potential. We have also announced a new Small Business Birth strategy, including a commitment to extend the width of the 10 per cent corporate tax rate.
SMEs are important because of their significant contribution to the UK economy. Unless this sector delivers growth, the economy as a whole will be held back. However, this focus on small business does not mean that the Government has ignored the position of large business. Indeed, large successful enterprises are the bedrock of the world's leading economies.
Globalization and the increase in internationally mobile capital have led to benefits from the growing integration of national economic systems, including greater trade in goods and services, movements of labor, and movements of capital and the integration of the financial markets.
Over the past decade gross capital flows have increased dramatically. The UK ranks second largest in the world in terms of inward and outward direct investment with multinational companies now playing an especially important role.
There are substantial benefits, in terms of higher investment growth efficiency gains and the transfer of innovations and best business practices across national boundaries. But it has to be recognized that these changes mean that problems which were formerly seen as domestic have become international ones. Business is mobile, particularly multinational business, and naturally wants to minimize costs, including tax. And tax policies in turn may be designed primarily to divert mobile capital. These are changes which give rise to concern that anti-competitive tot practices elsewhere may distort business decisions and prove counterproductive in the end, whilst underlining the need for tax competition between countries on terms which are "fair".


text:
You should bring a money-belt to safely carry your travel documents and cash. Bring photo-copies of your passport and visa, plus some extra passport-sized photos if you're applying for on-arrival visas. When flying into or within the region, you will probably be given baggage claim tags (they will be stuck into the back of your ticket or on the cover of your passport). Keep these, as you will need to show them when check out the airport.
Light casual wear preferably cotton is suitable for all year round. You would need a cardigan or light sweater for the cool season especially when visiting Northern Myanmar in the cool season. An umbrella will be useful during the rainy season. If possible dress modestly at all times. Sandals or slippers are convenient, as all footwear must be removed before entering temples and pagodas. Visitors are required to dress decently on the precincts of religious buildings. Ladies should not wear shorts, briefs or bra-less T-Shirt in such places. Laundry service is available in all the hotels/guesthouses with a decent price.
Though purveyors of beauty products are already putting their foots in major cities, you would be wise to pack travel camaraderie's like sunscreen, contact lens solution, tampons and mosquito repellent, as well as prescribed medication. Many kinds of medicines start to be available in Yangon or Mandalay without prescriptions, easy to reach but they might not be as of that good quality like home. If you travel with a companion or with family, should it be a nice idea to cross-pack, i.e., pack half of your belongings into other's suitcase and vice versa. Just in case any baggage delayed might happen.
Visitors to Myanmar must hold a valid passport, which should be valid for at least six months after your planned departure date from Myanmar. For the vast majority of travelers to Myanmar, the easiest visa to obtain is a tourist visa. A tourist visa can be applied directly through a travel/visa agency in your home country or directly at the Myanmar embassy. A tourist visa officially costs between US$20 but runs up to €30 in some Western Europe countries.
Regarding visa on arrival (VOA), you will get your visa stamped in your passport and pay 30 USD per passport in cash at the airport. Our guide will be also there to assist you. For detail about needed document to submit, feel free to ask our advisor team who has the most up to date information
Most of local Myanmar Airlines offer a 20kg (44 pounds) regulation which is applied in all domestic flights and for the Economy class. Carry-on bags should weights less than fifteen pounds and have a size limit of 9 X 14 X 22 inches. Many a case, travelers were lucky with help and flexibility of check-in staffs at the airport, a stretching 7 to 10 more pounds of weight free of surcharges. Just give them a warm smile when you check in the counter.
When you take the flights out or within Myanmar, locking your suitcases or the duffel bags is legal and advisable.
As one of the least developed nations in Southeast Asia, it is advisable to consult your doctor or local health department to discuss which shots you need from the below immunization:
- Diphtheria and tetanus: Combined vaccinations for these two diseases are usually given in childhood and should be boosted every ten years.
- Hepatitis A: Vaccination provides immunity for up to ten years and involves an initial injection followed by another six months to one year later.
- Typhoid: Vaccination takes the form of an injection or capsules.
- Meningococcal Meningitis: This vaccine is only recommended for travellers making extended visits to rural, northern Vietnam. Protection lasts for three years.
- Rabies: People making longer trips to remote areas should consider rabies vaccination, which involves three injections over a period of three to four weeks.
- Japanese B Encephalitis: People on trips of a month or more to areas suffering from recent outbreaks should consider getting this vaccine, which involves three shots over one month.
Myanmar Currency is Kyat (MMK) and abbreviated K. It has a variety of notes ranging from K1, K5, K10, K20, K50, K100, K200, K500 and K1000. The US dollars are used and accepted whereas the Euro is only accepted in big cities. Therefore, it is best to exchange Euros for US dollars before you enter the country because as ATMs are still very hard to come by and major kinds of credit cards are hardly accepted. US dollars can be changed at Yangon airport, banks (which give the best exchange rates) and some hotels.
Most of the electrical current in Myanmar is 220V, 50Hz. Flat, two-plug pins are more common although some places use flat pins or three-pronged pins. Luxurious hotels provide multi sockets adaptor in the room. Anyway, cheap adaptors are sold in local markets or can be requested at the hotel's desk
Iphone and other up-to-date handhelds are very popular and convenient for connecting the internet as wifi is available everywhere. At the airport or phone shop, you can easily get a sim and data package for your stay in Myanmar. A good package for two weeks will be ranging just from US$10 – US$15.
Bargaining is an art long-practiced in Asian countries including Myanmar. Myanmar arts and crafts, mostly pure handmade, are best souvenirs and prices are very reasonable. Lacquer-ware, wood and ivory carvings, tapestries, silverware, brassware, silk and cotton fabric and shoulder bags are some of the favorite items. Finest Myanmar ruby, sapphire, jade and pearl are available at Myanmar gems shops.
Despite our numerous years of experience in this industry, it is quite a sensitive and special matter all the time. It is not our job to give out figures that frame the practice of tipping. Each country, even each individual has the different point of view about and the tip also depends on client's satisfaction. There is a guideline we always suggest client when it comes to tip that a guide is $7-10/per day and a driver is $3-5. Chamber-maid or bell-captain is $1 per room. Be sure that you only tip when all the services are of your satisfaction
Lies among South East Asia countries, Myanmar borders the People's Republic of China to the North and North East, Laos to the East, Thailand to the South East, Bangladesh to the West and India to the North West. More interestingly, Myanmar is sandwiched between the two most populous nations in the World – China and India. The country covers an area of 677,000 square and considered to be a land of hills and valleys and is rimmed in the north, east and west by mountain ranges, forming a giant horseshoe. Irrawaddy River is known as the biggest then second and third is Chindwin and Sittaung River which run in the flat land and being the main country's agricultural areas.
Myanmar has three seasons distinctively. The rainy season runs from May through October, the dry and cool season from November to February and the hot season from March to May. Most rain falls in the coastal regions of the West. For the general part, Myanmar is hot and during the summer time, temperature might get up to 105F in the central areas.


text:
Watch Argylle Online Free at Soap2Day. When the plots of reclusive author Elly Conway's fictional espionage novels begin to mirror the covert actions of a real-life spy organization, quiet evenings at home become a thing of the past. Accompanied by her cat Alfie and Aiden, a cat-allergic spy, Elly races across the world to stay one step ahead of the killers as the line between Conway's fictional world and her real one begins to blur.
- Genre: Comedy, Action, Crime
- Cast: Bryce Dallas Howard, Sam Rockwell, Bryan Cranston, Catherine O'Hara, Henry Cavill, Ariana DeBose, Dua Lipa, John Cena, Samuel L. Jackson, Sofia Boutella, Richard E. Grant, Chip, Stanley Morgan, Daniel Singh, Jason Fuchs, Tomás Paredes, Bobby Holland Hanton, Greg Townley, Alaa Habib, Clementine Vaughn, Raagni Sharma,


text:
Stryker (NYSE:SYK) is taking its time getting the Mako robot-assisted Triathlon total knee device on the market, despite having won FDA approval last August.
Admitting that the integration of Mako after the $1.7 billion acquisition in December 2013 was "messy," CEO Kevin Lobo said Stryker isn't planning to launch the total knee offering until 2017.
"Stryker has never done this before," he told MDDI. "We've never had a product approved, and then told the sales force, 'You have to wait a year.' We've never told our customers, 'You have to wait a year.'"
Hoping to avoid the problems Kalamazoo, Mich.-based Stryker ran into with its surgical navigation system, which caught on only in Australia, Lobo said the company is running a pair of clinical trials to study how surgeons use the robot-assisted surgery platform, he told the website.
"We're trying to figure what's the training protocol for somebody who has never used a robot, and what's the training protocol for someone who already has some robotic experience," Lobo explained. "We want to set the right expectation."
"I'd rather take a year of deliberation so that when we launch, we launch with excellence," he said.
Lobo said he's confident that the Mako system will be competitive even as the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services launches the 5-year "Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement" program at more than 800 hospitals next month. The program will bundle payments for hip and knee replacements from hospital admission to 90 days after discharge, covering "all related items and services" under Medicare Part A and Part B.
"I absolutely think Mako can win in a bundled payment environment," Lobo said. "We are going to show much less soft tissue disruption. Every surgeon is going to be able to do it the same way. We're going to have much more consistent, predictable outcomes and that's going to be enabled by a robot."