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A Guide To Pet Insurance
Let's admit it. Our pets are like our family. And some huge questions you need to take into consideration when we decide to get a pet such as what will we name them, what breed should we get and how much will it cost to care for them? Choosing the right pet insurance may be confusing. There are tons of insurances to choose from. Knowing the advantages of pet insurance can ensure a better future for your pet.
What Is Pet Health Insurance?
Pet insurance falls under the Property and Casualty insurance classification since pets are legally the property of their owners. The insurance you get also functions as indemnity insurance.
Advantage Of Pet Insurance
It is best to understand and dig into the policy details to find the best option for your beloved pets. Average pet insurance costs $10-100. However, acquiring an insurance plan without understanding the terms could cost you your precious time and money. Here are some of the advantages of pet insurance:
- Protects you and your finances against possible veterinary costs
- Allows veterinarians to provide your pet with the best care, doing the most advanced veterinary medical treatments
- It helps pet parents avoid economic euthanasia. Euthanasia is a kind of choice when pet owners choose to put down an untreatable illness since they can't afford the pet's medical care.
- It also helps owners to avoid setting financial limits on the cost of a pet's life
- Provides pet owners with confidence like not having to hesitate before taking a pet for veterinary treatment or waiting it out to see if their medical condition worsens before consulting a vet
- Provides pet parents with peace of mind and knowing that no matter what happens like loss of a job or other financial crises. The financial resources are in place should a beloved pet become sick or be injured
- It also helps pet owners to avoid being in deep debt by choosing other financial ways to pay for the medical expenses like high-interest credit or loans
- Also helps pets to live healthier and longer lives
Want to know if you can transfer pet insurance coverage to someone else? We have just the right post for you. Read here: Is Pet Insurance Transferable To A New Owner?
What Does Pet Health Insurance Cover?
Pet health insurance is a distinct and specialized coverage that is made to reimburse pet owners for possible or unforeseen veterinary fees and related expenses. The three main types of health insurance for pets are:
- Accident and illness – This is an all-encompassing coverage for vet treatment for sudden injuries, sickness, disease, and any other changes to the normal state of your pets.
- Accident only – This is insurance coverage for medical care exclusively for accident-related incidents.
- Wellness – Wellness is a coverage plan that includes vaccinations, tests, and dental work. This is sometimes called "routine" or "preventive" care. Some accident and illness plans may include some of the wellness coverage such as dental benefits.
Special Coverages
There are additional benefits and advantages of pet insurance depending on the needs of the pet. These of course differ from plan to plan and from one insurance provider to another. Some pet insurance plans may include other special coverage like:
- The expenses of emergency veterinary treatment for the insured pet when traveling out of the country of origin
- Third-party liability coverage if your pet injures someone or damages someone else's property
- The expense of having an award for the return of a lost or stolen pet and the expense of the reward perse if the pet is found
- The expense of looking after a pet after you are brought to a hospital or requiring emergency treatment
- The cost of a holiday if it is canceled because the policy-holder's pet needs emergency surgery
- Membership for the pet-owner in an online community
Do You Need Pet Insurance?
Pet insurance can also pay for the expenses of diagnosing, treating, and monitoring your pet's sickness or injury. However, pet insurance is not for everyone and there's no way to tell if it's right for you and your pet. We suggest talking to your veterinarian and doing some research if you're considering purchasing pet insurance.
Choosing Coverage
These are some of the things that you should take before choosing a pet insurance plan:
The Best Pet Insurance Plan
There are insurances that are known to be best in handling cats and dogs alone, while some are good in handling different kinds of pets. You can also do some research about the different insurance companies that already have a good reputation in handling the kind of pet that you have.
Better yet, call us toll-free at Advantage Insurance Solutions
and get the right coverage your pet needs today at (877) 658-2472.
Your Pet's Species
According to research, dogs and cats are the most commonly covered companion animals around the globe. About 85% of all of the policies cover dogs while 15% cover cats in North America. In other countries, exotic pets like birds, reptiles, rabbits, and ferrets are also covered.
Your Pet's Breed
Some breeds are naturally susceptible to developing certain medical conditions. It is essential to know and consider the risks connected with your pet's breed before you choose the kind of coverage you require. For instance, some kinds of dogs are more prone to diabetes or cruciate ligament injuries.
Cost of Treatment
We suggest asking your veterinarian about the expenses tied with treating some of the most common conditions for your pet's breed. This knowledge will help you know the level of coverage limits or benefits of pet insurance that you will need or require. You may be surprised however at the costs connected with certain conditions which strongly suggest acquiring pet health insurance.
Pet Insurance Inclusions and Exclusions
There are roughly 250 policies for pet insurance. Though they are all different, most cover accidents and illnesses. Preventive and regular check-ups, vaccines, annual blood work, dental cleaning, heartworm medications, neuter, and spaying are considered as part of a wellness plan and are not covered. Though you can pay an additional fee if you want to cover that.
Purebred Dogs may not be covered in most pet insurance policies. There are certain breeds that are genetically linked to some diseases and health conditions such as hip dysplasia and cancer. Therefore, it's best to check first if hereditary conditions are excluded from the insurance that you are eyeing to buy.
Pre-existing illness is not covered. Like most insurance policies, pre-existing illnesses and conditions will not be covered by the insurance provider.
Some things are excluded from the most normal kind of pet insurance coverage or accident or illness policies. You may find the most common ones below. However, this is not a complete list and will differ from each insurance company. You should know first the terms of your policy.
- A pre-existing medical condition or something that relates to your pet's medical history should be considered. This only applies when you change your provider.
- Any incident that is related to pregnancy or when you were born
- The purchase price of your pet if your pet dies after a certain age normally nine years is likely to be excluded
- Most Wellness coverage (routine, preventive, or planned treatments such as flea, worm and tick treatments, vaccinations, grooming, claw clipping, dental maintenance, spaying, and neutering) unless your plan has incorporated some wellness benefits of pet insurance policies
Waiting Period
All insurance policies have medical exclusion periods from the beginning of the policy that is called the "waiting period" which can last about 10 to 30 days. The coverage is not in effect until the waiting period ends and claims against the coverage can only be made for conditions or that start to show symptoms or accidents that happen after this date.
Who doesn't love discounts right? When it comes to finding the right plan, those who offer more discounts are already on top of your choices. So you better do good research on different insurance companies that offer the best discounts.
Is the amount the customer pays before the insurance kicks in. Deductibles can be per incident, condition, or visit. But most insurance companies offer an annual deductible. The higher the deductible, the lower your annual premium will be. Pet insurance deductibles average between $50 to $100.
The deductible is applied yearly under some pet insurance plans. The plan begins to reimburse you once you have paid for the deductible toward covered treatment. The deductible will restart when you renew the policy every year. In some other plans, the deductible is applied per incident. The plan reimburses you up to the limits of the policy once you pay the deductible toward the treatment of a certain injury or illness. The negative side of this however is when your pet develops a few different medical problems in one year. You will be charged for deductibles.
Good Customer Service
This part may be neglected in considering the best insurance company. But this has a bigger impact than you think. Since almost everything right now can be searched online, take that as an advantage. Do some research about the insurance companies that have good reviews. Are they reputable? Are they good at explaining the plans to their customers? Did they provide the reimbursements on time? These things are a big deal. They will be handling your claims so make sure that you choose an insurance company that you can trust.
Compare Pet Insurance Providers
We greatly suggest that you compare pet insurance providers before you decide to purchase a pet insurance policy. Make a side-by-side comparison that will show the difference in plans, premiums, deductibles, co-pays, sample reimbursements, and plan details, including exclusions and additional features.
Check Out The Insurer's Track Record
We also suggest checking the pet insurance provider's track record if they are reliable. They should be stable, have experience and recommendations. Ask yourself how long has the provider been in business? Are they a trusted financial service? How many in-force policies do they have? Do they have a staff or most especially, veterinarians who know and specialize in pets' needs and help develop policies?
Research What Are The Things That Are Covered And What Might Affect Those
We also greatly suggest researching what's covered in certain pet insurance and what might affect it in the said coverage. Some pet health insurance plans may have exclusions for conditions that are already there, hereditary, congenital, or related to breeding and this may apply restrictions on your coverage when you file a claim.
Before you purchase an insurance plan for your pets, ensure that you are aware and understand what factors may affect the coverage such as your pet's breed and any pre-existing conditions. Find out how often and why your premium will increase. Ask if the number of claims you submit will affect your insurance premium. If you are not sure about how the policy was made, call your insurance provider and ask customer care to further explain it in a simple way for you to easily understand.
We greatly suggest that you understand what are the different factors that may affect your insurance plans such as the breed of your pet and any pre-existing conditions. Be also aware of how frequent and why your premium will increase. Be also sure how many claims will affect your premium. If you are not sure about this, call your insurance company and kindly ask them to explain this to you in a much easier way.
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Choose Coverage that Works for You
There When You Need It
Pet insurance is a type of coverage that's designed to be eventually used. For home and auto insurance, it may take years before claiming it. However, for pet insurance, it is very likely that you use it over the course of its life since your pet will become ill or injured and will need medical care.
You Get What You Pay For
You really get what you pay for. This is the same with all kinds of insurance. The more comprehensive the coverage, the higher the benefits of the pet insurance, and the higher your associated premium will be.
Where You Live Affects Your Options
We also suggest taking note of the laws and regulations that govern pet insurance since these may vary from one state to another. Where you live actually defines the kind of coverage you can purchase and the terms and conditions that apply to it.
Changing Your Coverage
We also suggest checking the kind of product and the level of veterinary fees covered to make sure that it will continue to meet your financial needs when you choose a policy. Also, always keep in mind that many companies will allow you to downgrade your coverage. However, upgrading is not usually allowed. Always remember that your pet's medical history may be requested and your vet will be asked to disclose your pet's full medical records.
Coverage For Chronic Conditions
The available amount and kind of insurance for chronic conditions such as diabetes or cancer differ among pet insurance plans so we greatly suggest asking your provider about any policy terms or limits that may apply. These chronic conditions are illnesses or problems like the ones mentioned above. If your pet develops a chronic illness, you'll know beforehand what to expect.
We make it easy to acquire pet insurance quotes so you can find the perfect fit for your home.
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Co-Pay or Co-Insurance
The totals that you would be paying for your insurance claims are "Copay" and "Coinsurance". This amount varies between plans and providers so we suggest referring to your policy terms and conditions.
The most commonly offered and selected co-pay amount is about 80%. You are reimbursed for up to 80% of the amount you claim for. In some areas in the United States, 90% and 100% copay levels are sometimes available.
Premiums – the Cost of Your Coverage
The total cost of pet insurance can differ according to a number of factors such as your address, the breed of your cat or dog, its gender, and age. The premiums depend on your veterinary charges. For instance, the cost of veterinary treatment and the costs of running a veterinary practice is normally higher in urban areas than in rural areas so expect your premiums to depend on this.
Of course, purebred or a pedigree dog or cat is typically more expensive to cover than mixed breeds since mixed breeds are less likely to inherit medical conditions. Some specific breeds are more likely to be exposed to more conditions than others. This is why we suggest that you should ask your veterinarian about some of the conditions that your pet may develop in its whole lifetime. It can help you be aware of future veterinary expenses and the kind of coverage you may need to fully protect your pet.
When something as bad as an accident happens to your pet,
you want to make sure they're taken care of, right?
Read here to know more: Can I Get Pet Insurance After An Accident?
Impact of Age on Coverability
Most insurance policies will not cover pets that are less than eight weeks old. However, please be aware that your coverage will become more expensive and even more difficult to secure as your pet gets older. Some insurance companies will not offer new insurance to pets that are above a certain age. If you obtain a policy when your pet is younger, you can normally continue with the same insurance company for the lifetime of your pet.
Effects of Aging on Coverage
The premiums, deductibles, and policy copays will also increase as your pet ages since their risk of illness also increases. However, the effect of your pet's age on the cost of your insurance coverage can differ a bit across differ
As your pet gets old, the premiums, deductibles, and policy copays will also add up since the risk of illnesses will also increase. However, the effect of the age of your pet on the expense of the coverage can differ a bit on different insurance companies and plans so it is essential to consider this factor before selecting a plan.
Always Remember The Following:
- We propose listing your priorities and ranking them.
- Find the right policy for your needs.
- Compare free, no-obligation quotes from several reputable providers.
- Ask all your inquiries in person or by email. Their care may be important while choosing a pet sitter.
- Read your insurance policy and paperwork for specifics on benefits and exclusions. Most firms now give insurance documentation in simple English. View them before enrolment.
- Always answer questions honestly. If you don't answer truthfully, your insurance company won't pay the claim.
- Your veterinarian is an ethical expert who can explain pet insurance and veterinary care costs.
- Stay informed. Your insurance provider will send you policy updates, emails, and alerts. Knowing your policy's terms and restrictions will assist you care for sick or wounded pets. Reading about them when your pet is unwell is stressful.
Don't waste your time and money by starting out with less than the very best. Get A Quote Today!
Enrollment rules
A young and healthy pet will be eligible for any plan. However, some plans won't let you enroll in senior pets. In general, your pets should be at least 6 to 10 weeks old at a minimum depending on your insurance provider. Even though some plans have no maximum age limits, a lot of them cut off first-time enrollment at 10 to 14 years. Once you're enrolled, most of these plans will give you coverage as long as you keep on paying for the premiums. Some plans will also require your pet to be checked by your vet in the past year or they will ask you to let your pet undergo an exam before they'll sell you a policy.
Types Of Incidents Covered
Some of the pet insurance companies that are in that market only offer accident-only plans. Meanwhile, others offer more comprehensive plans that cover both accidents and illnesses.
An accident-only plan covers the treatment of injuries such as a car accident or poisoning. If you only have this plan, your insurance company won't pay anything if your pets get sick.
Types Of Treatment Covered
Alternative And Behavioral Treatment
Some insurance plans cover behavioral care and a wide range of alternative treatments such as acupuncture and chiropractic care. However, other insurance companies don't cover them at all or they limit such coverage to the most expensive plans. If you want to obtain coverage for alternative medical care, we suggest reading the details of which treatments are covered since there is no specific definition of alternative care
Continual Treatment
If your pet gets sick, some insurance companies will not extend the insurance plan coverage for the next year after your policy renews, not until you're willing to pay more fees for continual care.
Exam Fees
Some insurance plans will reimburse you for certain procedures and medicines but would not cover exam fees for routine check-ups or when your pet gets an illness.
Routines And Wellness Care
Most insurance plans don't cover the basics such as yearly vaccinations, spaying, neutering, and teeth cleaning. However, others offer the choice of adding such coverage but for additional fees.
Payout Limits
A few certain plans don't tell how much they will pay out for covered treatments. However, most plans have maximum payouts. This is why you need to read your policy carefully. Some have a payout limit for the year, for your pet's lifetime, or for a type of incident or condition. There may also be a combination of limits.
Reimbursement Levels
Usually, pet insurance plans reimburse you a percentage of the treatment costs. You have the option to choose the reimbursement level when you purchase the policy such as 70%, 80%, or 90%. Some plans reimburse you a percentage of your vet's bill. Meanwhile, others reimburse you a percentage of the usual and customary charges for the treatment. Any amount that is above the percentage that they will cover will be your responsibility.
The average yearly premium for a pet insurance policy covering accidents and illnesses in North America was $433 in 2014 according to the North American Pet Health Insurance Association. The average yearly premium for accident-only plans was averaging $154.
Prices for pet insurance are based on:
- Your pet's age and breed – The older your pet is, the more the expenses you'll pay. Some of the pet breeds are more costly to be insured since they have more health problems.
- Your location will affect the costs of insurance premiums.
- Amount and kind of coverage – The more the policy covers, the more you'll pay.
- Reimbursement level and deductible – The lower the reimbursement level and the higher the deductible, the less you'll pay for the plan.
- Insurance company – Prices vary by company.
Ensure your pet's safety while traveling. Learn more in this video.
Better Advice. Better Benefits Of Pet Insurance
We recommend learning the type and amount of coverage you need. Having that information gives you the advantage of getting pet insurance quotes from multiple firms. Compare insurance with comparable reimbursement amounts, deductibles, and annual payment limitations. Before buying, read the paperwork to ensure you get all the limits and exclusions.
Need help in finding the best plan for your furry family member? Get a free quote instantly.


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Electronic Arts is making F1 22 free to play this weekend.
Racing fans can gear up. EA just announced that PlayStation, PC and Xbox players who have not yet picked up F1 22 can try the game for free starting tomorrow.
"Hit the track, take the wheel and earn your place at the top of the podium with the upcoming F1 22 Free Play Weekend, available for all fans between 20th – 24th October," EA says.
Disclosure: We may earn a commission from links on this page.
In addition to the free weekend, you can also buy F1 22 on sale for $41.99 on Xbox Series X|S.

subset: commoncrawl


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Serbia 'abused' money laundering laws to target critics, Reuters reports
Part of a list of NGOs whose financial data was sought from banks. Screenshot: Youtube.com/Newsmax Adria
Serbia is among several countries that have abused legislation passed to comply with Financial Action Task Force, FATF, Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing standards to investigate critical voices and NGO, Reuters reported Thursday.
According to Reuters, in Uganda, Serbia, India, Tanzania and Nigeria, the legislation has been "used by authorities to investigate journalists, NGO workers and lawyers."
"Through constant assessments of country measures, the FATF plays a little-known but essential role in shaping financial crime legislation and in enforcing government security priorities," said the FATF. Press Agency. âAround the world, he has strengthened laws to fight money laundering and the financing of terrorism. "
"But by pressuring countries with weak democratic frameworks to pass and enforce such laws, the FATF unwittingly handed over a new legal instrument to authoritarian governments, say a dozen think tank and group researchers. defense of human rights, "he added.
Reuters quoted Tom Keatinge, director of the Center for Financial Crime at the Royal United Services Institute in London, as saying that FATF standards "are increasingly not only misunderstood, but are being deliberately abused".
Regarding Serbia, Reuters recalled a request that the administration of the Ministry of Finance for the prevention of money laundering made to banks in July 2020.
The aim was to provide "customer data on some fifty NGOs and media known to criticize what they consider to be the increasingly autocratic regime of President Aleksandar Vucic". The list included the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network, BIRN and a number of BIRN staff.
Reuters further reported that "after the letter was leaked, Finance Minister Sinisa Mali told a local television station that the intelligence unit was 'doing its job' and that requests for data should not be a problem for "if nothing is hidden" targets. â.
No individual has been charged so far as a result of the investigations, Reuters reported.
Reuters reported that Maja Stojanovic, director of the non-profit Civic Initiatives of Serbia named in the letter, told the news agency that she believed the Serbian government was using the data for smear campaigns. in order to undermine the work of NGOs.
"When Stojanovic and other targeted NGOs consulted the banks about the requests, the banks said they could not disclose the information they shared with the authorities," the news agency reported.
Reuters said it asked three of the banks, Banca Intesa Beograd, OTP banka Srbija and Erste Group Bank, for comment, all of which refused to do so.


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There was disruption at the ongoing 21st edition of the National Sports Festival in Asaba, Delta State after Daniel Otunoye, the Bayelsa's taekwondo athlete, slumped before facing his opponent from Zamfara state.
Otunoye who has now been ruled out of the event, suddenly collapsed at the multipurpose indoor sports hall in the Stephen Keshi stadium and was rushed to the medical centre for treatment.
Dr. Anthony Enebe, the head doctor in charge of the NSF, ruled the athlete out of the festival after confirming that he is ashmatic.
Enebe said;
"The guy is okay now, he dislocated his right wrist and is a known asthmatic but the asthma isn't so bad that he can't compete in an event like this.
"I think the dislocation from an earlier bout was what caused him to faint and he needed to be taken out of the fight, but he is fine now. He is currently resting in the medical centre."
Enebe who also disclosed that the young athlete's injury and current state would prevent him from participating in the remainder of the festival, added that his bout would not be postponed but would instead be forfeited.
He added;
"He can no longer make an appearance in this tournament, however, that the injury is the end of this competition for him"


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In the world of textile and nonwoven arts, lace knitting stands out as a captivating technique that combines intricate patterns with delicate craftsmanship. This article aims to delve into the techniques involved in lace knitting, exploring its applications across various industries and artistic endeavors. To illustrate the significance of this art form, consider a hypothetical scenario where a fashion designer seeks to create an ethereal evening gown adorned with intricate lace detailing. By understanding the fundamental principles and advanced techniques of lace knitting, such as yarn overs and decreases, the designer can bring their vision to life by seamlessly integrating traditional craftmanship with contemporary design.
Lace knitting is not merely limited to fashion; it finds application in other areas as well. For instance, interior designers often employ lace knitted textiles to add elegance and texture to home decor items like curtains or tablecloths. Additionally, artists working in mixed media may incorporate lace knitting into their creations as they explore the interplay between different materials and textures. Understanding the intricacies of this technique enables artisans from diverse fields to push boundaries and discover innovative ways of utilizing lace knitting beyond its conventional realm.
As we embark on our exploration of lace knitting, we will begin by examining the foundational techniques required for mastering this art form. From there, we will delve into advanced techniques and stitch patterns that allow for the creation of more intricate lace designs. These advanced techniques may include working with multiple yarn overs, double decreases, or incorporating knitted lace motifs.
One key aspect of lace knitting is the use of yarn overs, which create deliberate holes in the fabric. Yarn overs are achieved by simply wrapping the working yarn around the needle before knitting the next stitch. These strategically placed holes form the basis for creating beautiful lace patterns.
Another essential technique in lace knitting is decreases, which help shape the fabric while maintaining the integrity of the lace pattern. Common decrease stitches used in lace knitting include knit two together (k2tog), slip slip knit (ssk), and centered double decrease (cdd). These decrease stitches create elegant decreases that blend seamlessly into the overall design.
As we progress further into exploring lace knitting techniques, we will encounter various stitch patterns commonly used in this art form. Some popular examples include feather and fan, diamond motifs, leaf patterns, and intricate geometric designs. Each stitch pattern offers its own unique aesthetic appeal and complexity level, allowing knitters to customize their creations according to their preferences.
In addition to mastering these foundational and advanced techniques, it is important for aspiring lace knitters to understand how to read lace charts. Lace charts provide a visual representation of each row's stitch pattern, enabling knitters to easily follow along and track their progress as they work through complex designs.
By combining these fundamental principles with creative vision and experimentation, artists can push boundaries within the world of lace knitting. From delicate shawls to intricate garments or even artistic installations, there are endless possibilities for expressing one's creativity through this captivating craft.
Whether you are an experienced knitter looking to expand your skills or someone new to the world of textiles seeking a creative outlet, exploring lace knitting opens up a realm of artistic possibilities. With dedication and practice, anyone can master this timeless technique and bring their imaginative visions to life.
Choosing the Right Yarn for Lace Knitting
To successfully create intricate lace designs, it is crucial to choose the right yarn that complements the delicate nature of this knitting technique. The selection of yarn can significantly impact the final outcome and overall aesthetic appeal of your lace project. For instance, consider a hypothetical scenario where an aspiring knitter aims to craft an exquisite lace shawl using a coarse and bulky wool yarn. In this case, despite their skill in executing complex stitch patterns, achieving fine details and airy texture might prove challenging due to the limitations posed by the chosen material.
When selecting yarn for lace knitting projects, several factors should be considered. Firstly, opt for lightweight materials such as silk or bamboo blends that offer excellent drape and flow. These fibers enhance the delicacy of lace stitches while providing a soft touch against your skin when worn. Secondly, prioritize choosing yarns with high yardage per gram weight since lace knitting typically requires more length than other types of knitting projects. This ensures you have sufficient yardage to complete intricate motifs without running out of yarn midway through your project.
Additionally, pay attention to gauge recommendations provided on yarn labels. A finer gauge allows for smaller stitches and better definition in lace patterns. Therefore, select a thin yet durable thread suitable for needle sizes ranging from US 000-4 (1.5mm-3.5mm) to achieve optimal results in your lacework.
To help guide your decision-making process further, here are some key considerations summarized in bullet point format:
- Opt for lightweight materials like silk or bamboo blends
- Choose yarns with high yardage per gram weight
- Follow gauge recommendations provided on yarn labels
- Select thinner threads appropriate for small needle sizes
The table below provides a visual representation comparing different types of commonly used yarns and their suitability for various lace knitting projects:
Yarn Type | Weight / Yardage | Gauge Range |
Silk Blend | Light / High | US 000-4 (1.5mm-3.5mm) |
Merino Wool | Medium / Moderate | US 2-6 (2.75mm-4mm) |
Alpaca | Heavy / Low | US 7-9 (4.5mm-5.5mm) |
Cotton | Medium / Moderate | US 3-7 (3.25mm-4.5mm) |
Understanding the importance of selecting suitable yarn for your lace knitting projects is essential to achieve desired results. By considering factors like fiber type, yardage, and gauge recommendations, you can ensure that your chosen yarn enhances the intricate patterns and delicate nature of lace stitches.
In the subsequent section, we will delve into understanding various lace stitch patterns in detail, allowing you to expand your repertoire and create stunning designs with confidence.
Understanding Lace Stitch Patterns
In lace knitting, choosing the right yarn weight is crucial to achieving desired results. The weight of the yarn determines not only the final appearance and drape of the knitted fabric but also influences the level of intricacy and complexity achievable in lace stitch patterns. To illustrate this point, let's consider a hypothetical scenario where two different weights of yarn are used to knit identical lace shawls.
Imagine we have a lace pattern consisting of delicate motifs with intricate details. If we choose a lace-weight yarn for this project, it will create an ethereal and lightweight shawl that showcases every fine detail of the stitches. On the other hand, if we opt for a worsted-weight yarn instead, despite following the same pattern exactly, our resulting shawl would be significantly heavier and less open due to the thicker strands.
Understanding how yarn weight affects lace knitting allows us to make informed decisions when selecting materials for our projects. Here are some key factors to consider:
- Gauge: Different yarn weights require varying needle sizes and tension adjustments to achieve the desired gauge.
- Drape: Lighter weight yarns tend to create more fluid and airy fabrics ideal for garments like summer tops or delicate accessories.
- Stitch definition: Finer threads allow for greater stitch definition, making intricate lace patterns stand out beautifully.
- Level of warmth: Thicker yarns provide more insulation compared to lighter ones, so consider your intended use when choosing a suitable weight.
To further grasp these concepts, let's examine their impact on our hypothetical case study by comparing two potential outcomes side by side:
Lace-weight Yarn | Worsted-weight Yarn | |
Drape | Flowing and light | Heavier and dense |
Stitch Definition | High clarity | Less pronounced |
Warmth | Airy and breathable | Cozy and insulating |
Overall Look | Delicate and intricate | Solid and robust |
By understanding the significance of yarn weight in lace knitting, we can tailor our projects to achieve desired aesthetics and functionality. In the subsequent section, we will delve into mastering basic lace knitting stitches, building upon this foundation to create stunning lace fabric.
Transition: With a solid grasp on the importance of yarn weight, we are now ready to explore the fundamental techniques for creating exquisite lace patterns. Let's move forward by exploring the art of mastering basic lace knitting stitches.
Mastering Basic Lace Knitting Stitches
Having gained an understanding of various lace stitch patterns, we can now delve into the mastery of basic lace knitting stitches. By building upon our knowledge from the previous section, we will explore techniques that allow us to create intricate and delicate designs in our textiles and nonwovens.
To illustrate the significance of mastering these fundamental stitches, let's consider a hypothetical scenario where you are designing a lacy shawl for a friend's wedding. You envision a breathtaking piece with graceful motifs and elegant borders that will complement her dress perfectly. In order to turn this vision into reality, it is essential to have a firm grasp on basic lace knitting stitches.
In your journey towards becoming adept at these stitches, keep in mind the following key points:
- Maintain tension: Consistent tension throughout your work ensures uniformity in the appearance of each stitch and allows intricate details to shine.
- Choose appropriate yarn weight: Different yarn weights will produce different effects when combined with lace stitches. Experimentation will help you achieve the desired drape and overall aesthetic.
- Use markers strategically: Markers serve as guides, helping you navigate through complex stitch patterns or highlighting significant sections within your project.
- Practice pattern reading skills: Familiarize yourself with reading charts and written instructions unique to lace knitting. This skill will enable you to decode intricate patterns effortlessly.
Embracing these principles will pave the way for success as you tackle more advanced lace projects beyond your initial design. To further aid your progress, refer to Table 1 below for a visual representation of common basic lace knitting stitches:
Table 1: Common Basic Lace Knitting Stitches
Stitch Name | Description | Symbol |
Yarn Over (YO) | Creates an extra loop on the needle, resulting in an eyelet hole in subsequent rows. | O |
Knit Two Together (K2tog) | Joins two stitches together, decreasing the stitch count by one. | /\ |
Slip, Slip, Knit (SSK) | Slips two stitches individually knitwise before knitting them together through the back loops. | \\ |
Central Double Decrease (CDD) | Removes three stitches at once from the work while creating a centered double decrease. | X |
As you become proficient in executing these basic lace knitting stitches and internalize their nuances, you will be equipped to explore more intricate patterns and techniques. In our next section, we will delve into the crucial process of blocking and finishing lace knitted projects.
With your mastery of basic lace knitting stitches now well underway, let us turn our attention to the important steps involved in blocking and finishing lace knitted projects.
Blocking and Finishing Lace Knitted Projects
Transitioning from the previous section on mastering basic lace knitting stitches, let us now explore the crucial step of blocking and finishing lace knitted projects. To illustrate the importance of these processes, consider a hypothetical scenario where an avid knitter named Sarah has just completed a delicate lace shawl. Despite her meticulous stitch work, Sarah notices that the shawl lacks structure and definition, making it appear less impressive than intended. This is where blocking and finishing techniques come into play.
When we talk about blocking in the context of lace knitting, we refer to the process of gently shaping and stretching the finished piece using moisture and tension to achieve desired dimensions and enhance its overall appearance. Blocking can significantly transform a lace project by opening up intricate stitch patterns while smoothing out any irregularities caused during the knitting process. A properly blocked lace item will showcase crisp lines, well-defined motifs, and improved drape—all essential elements for creating exquisite textiles or nonwovens.
To effectively block a lace knitted project, one must follow specific guidelines:
- Start by pinning the edges securely onto a flat surface such as foam boards or towels.
- Use rustproof pins or stainless steel blocking wires to ensure no discoloration or damage occurs during drying.
- Gently mist the piece with water until evenly damp but not soaking wet.
- Allow the item to dry completely before removing the pins or wires.
In addition to blocking, finishing plays an integral role in perfecting lace knitting projects. Finishing encompasses various steps like weaving in loose ends, ensuring symmetry in pattern repeats if applicable, checking for dropped stitches or errors that may have gone unnoticed during knitting, and giving attention to details such as adding decorative elements or embellishments.
As we delve further into our exploration of adding decorative elements to lace knitting in subsequent sections, keep in mind that proper blocking and careful finishing are fundamental prerequisites for achieving professional-looking results. By employing these techniques diligently, you will bring your lace knitted projects to life, allowing the beauty of each stitch and pattern to shine through.
Adding Decorative Elements to Lace Knitting
Section H2: Troubleshooting Common Issues in Lace Knitting
Imagine this scenario: You've spent hours meticulously knitting a delicate lace shawl, only to discover that there are some unsightly mistakes in your pattern. Don't fret! In this section, we will explore common issues that can arise during lace knitting and provide you with practical solutions to overcome them.
Firstly, one of the most frequent challenges faced by knitters is dropped stitches. These pesky little mishaps can disrupt the intricate lace design and leave gaps in your fabric. To remedy this issue, follow these steps:
- Carefully examine your work to identify any dropped stitches.
- Use a crochet hook or a spare double-pointed needle to pick up the dropped stitch from below, ensuring it's in the correct order within the pattern sequence.
- Gently pull on neighboring stitches to readjust tension around the repaired stitch.
- Continue working according to the lace chart or instructions without disrupting the surrounding stitches.
Another problem encountered when knitting lace is uneven tension. This can result in inconsistencies between sections of your project or cause distortion in the overall shape of your piece. Consider these suggestions for achieving consistent tension throughout:
Tension Tips |
Take breaks frequently to relax your hands and avoid tight gripping |
Experiment with different needle materials (wooden, metal) to find what suits you best |
Practice mindful breathing techniques while knitting to reduce stress |
Utilize blocking methods after completing each section to help even out tensions |
Lastly, miscounting or misinterpreting complex lace patterns can lead to errors that may require unraveling entire rows or sections. To prevent such setbacks:
- Double-check your stitch count at regular intervals.
- Mark crucial points in your pattern using removable stitch markers or contrasting yarn.
- Highlight repeats within the pattern charts or written instructions.
- Keep track of completed rows using a row counter or simple tally system.
By being mindful of these common issues and implementing the suggested solutions, you can overcome challenges in lace knitting with confidence. ".
Troubleshooting Common Issues in Lace Knitting
Adding Decorative Elements to Lace Knitting can elevate the beauty and intricacy of your knitted textiles. In this section, we will explore various techniques that allow you to incorporate decorative elements into lace knitting projects. By mastering these techniques, you can create stunning designs that showcase your creativity and skill.
One technique for adding decorative elements to lace knitting is beading. Beads can be strategically placed within the lace pattern to add sparkle and dimension to the fabric. For example, imagine a delicate lace shawl with tiny seed beads delicately scattered throughout its intricate design. These beads catch the light as they dangle from the edges of the shawl, creating an enchanting effect.
Incorporating colorwork is another way to enhance your lace knitting projects. By using different colored yarns or working in intarsia or stranded knitting techniques, you can create striking patterns and motifs within your lace fabric. Picture a lacy scarf adorned with vibrant flowers blooming amidst a sea of delicate stitches – a true work of art!
To further inspire your creativity in adding decorative elements, consider the following possibilities:
- Embroidery: Intricate embroidery stitches can be used to embellish specific areas of your lace fabric, adding texture and visual interest.
- Appliqué: Small pieces of contrasting fabric or even other knitted pieces can be appliquéd onto your lace project, creating unique focal points.
The table below summarizes some key techniques for incorporating decorative elements into lace knitting:
Technique | Description |
Beading | Adding beads to the lace pattern for extra sparkle and dimension |
Colorwork | Incorporating multiple colors through intarsia or stranded knitting techniques |
Embroidery | Using intricate embroidery stitches on specific areas of the lace fabric |
Appliqué | Attaching small pieces of contrasting fabric or additional knitted pieces onto the lace project for added interest |
By exploring and experimenting with these techniques, you can transform your lace knitting projects into unique and visually stunning works. The possibilities are endless, limited only by your imagination. So go ahead and let your creativity soar as you add decorative elements to your lace knitting creations.


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El Capitan State Beach - The Adventure Begins
This morning began with Coffee and a quick, but promising, Zoom meeting with the folks from ProjectSTEM.org, about how Runestone and ProjectSTEM can work together. After that energizing call I quickly transitioned to camper loading mode, before heading out for our final nine holes of golf with the couples league at 9AM. In the meantime the guys showed up to start laying the Pavers in our new courtyard area! Talk about a busy last day in the desert!
Our latest journey will take us up the california coast following Highway 1 and 101, through Oregon and into Washington state where we will retrace the steps of our honeymoon from 34 years 11 months ago! We'll call it 35 years. when we finish our visit to the Olympic Peninsula we'll head east and meet our friends Jim and Karen in Chelan Washington, and then make a beeline for Minnesota across the barren north! We are looking forward to 3 weeks of beautiful scenery, eating seafood out, hiking, biking and our little camper.
We are now experiencing LA traffic, sitting on the Ventura HIghway, going slow., the free wind is not blowing through our hair as we have the AC on. We also haven't been hit by any purple rain, so we got that going for us. Only 98 miles to go to our campsite but the estimated time of arrival keeps holding steady so I guess all this traffic was anticipated. I'm happy to report that the temperature here on the 101 is a good 20 degrees cooler than when we left Indio just a few hours ago. That is down 20 degrees from 100!
We are now happily in our campsite at El Capitan State Beach! It is only 65 degrees here so its starting to feel like Minnesota, but we are so happy to be on the road and are already enjoying this new adventure! We got the camper set up and went for a short hike! Next up happy hour, dinner, and then some rest after a very busy day.


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eNewsletter#12 Thailand is part of the world's important value chain and is prominent in the use of aluminium in many industries. The METALEX 2023 team has therefore asked Mr. Teerapun Pimtong, the C...
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Thailand is part of the world's important value chain and is prominent in the use of aluminium in many industries. The METALEX 2023 team has therefore asked
Mr. Teerapun Pimtong, the Chairman of Aluminium Industry Club of the Federation of Thai Industries
to illustrate the current aluminium situation in Thailand.
"At the moment, the world's largest aluminium user is China, whose demand is 60% from the market's total, while Europe has about 13%, America about 11%, Asia 12%, and other users rounding up about 6%. Previously, aluminium shortage caused the price to skyrocket during the COVID-19 outbreak, but the situation has improved now as producers in North and South America have increased production, so the surplus has cooled down the prices considerably.
In Thailand, aluminium producers can be divided into two categories. One is flat roll which consists of 5 major enterprises with a combined production capacity of up to 410,000 tons, 40% of which is for domestic sales and 60% for export to major countries such as the United States, India, and Vietnam. The second group is extrusion which consists of 45 medium and large enterprises with a combined production capacity of up to 300,000 tons, approximately 55% of which is sold domestically while 45% is exported primarily to Japan, the United States and Australia.
Thailand ranks second in the world in terms of the most complete close-loop recycling of aluminium cans at 91% (Source: International Aluminium Institute). The country also has piloted FTIX, a clean energy and carbon credit trading platform which is considered a step ahead of many countries in terms of initiatives toward a greener planet. More importantly, an MOU was signed between the Aluminium Industry Club, the National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), and 11 aluminium producers to mutually determine the median greenhouse gas emission value. This initiative is conducted as a preparation measure for the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) that the European Union will enact the first phase on October 1st of this year.
To empower the Thai aluminium entrepreneurs to be able to compete in the global market, as well as to promote the importance of the Thai BCG and European CBAM business models and others that may take effect in the future,
the Aluminium Industry Club of the Federation of Thai Industries has collaborated with RX Tradex to organize "The 11th Metallurgy Forum 2023: CBAM Defensive Measure of Thai Aluminium Industry and Lead to Circular Economy"
to provide expert knowledge and guidance to manufacturers and entrepreneurs involved in the aluminium industry on Friday, 24 November 2023 during 13.30-16.00 hrs. at Grand Hall 202, 2nd floor, BITEC, Bangkok.
Reserve your seat. click the button above.
For those interested in the forum, Mr. Teerapun added that "This forum will provide the current overview and the future direction of the industry by knowledgeable speakers from the Aluminium Industry Club and the National Metal and Materials Technology Center, as well as a representative from Anglo Asia Group Company which is a private sector. Together, they will paint a broad picture as well as in-depth information and examples of successful cases, create awareness of the potential of Thai aluminium producers, as well as pointing out opportunities and challenges to help everyone shape their business strategies effectively."
METALEX 2023 Exhibitor Briefing
is held to get exhibitors prepared to welcome all innovators over the globe to the most comprehensive metalworking technology exhibition in ASEAN. We would like to thank all the exhibitors joining us to enhance the industry together. See you again at
, 22-25 November at BITEC, Bangkok.
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The official website for the two upcoming Super Smash Bros. titles is once again making updates on a regular basis. Similar to the Super Smash Bros. Dojo for Brawl, the official website will post images from both games five times a week. Whether this means we get announcements and characters reveals is still up in the air, but rest assured that new content is always coming your way. Keep checking back to this post as we update everything that is released for this week! A new post will be made for the next week.
Don't forget to enter our Super Smash Bros. for 3DS Giveaway!
Monday, September 29
For the 3DS version, you can select alternate tracks for stages by holding down the R Button while you select the stage–the brown drop shadow that frames the stage image when you hold down the R Button indicates the alternate track is active. For the Living Room stage, the alternate track is the vocal version of the default track. Songs with vocals aren't the best match for battles, but the song was too good to leave out, so this is how we chose to include it.
Also, for the Boxing Ring, if you select the stage while holding down the L Button, you can play on the Smash Bros. version of the stage. If you hold down the Y Button, you can choose to play on the Punch Out! version. These variations are usually selected at random, but this method lets you select them manually.
StreetSmash Information – Smash Bros. Official Website
Tuesday, September 30
In the 3DS version, your fighter gets outlined by your team color. So, how does this work in the Wii U version? Check out this screenshot. In this picture, the outlines may seem faint, but the color intensity is consistent. This means that the farther away and smaller your fighter appears on the screen, the clearer the colors will look.
Wednesday, October 1
This is the Orbital Gate stage. This is a Wii U version-exclusive stage reenacting Team Star Fox's defense of the Orbital Gate from an Aparoid missile attack.
Missiles are launched towards the Orbital Gate! The force field shields the machinery for a while, and the missiles eventually get shot down by team Star Fox. Overall, this stage feels like a ride. It's pretty hectic, so hold on tight!
The Arwings are passing through the gate! And the fighters hop on for a free ride!!
Thursday, October 2
This assist trophy is Sheriff. Sheriff was an arcade game released in 1979. In this game, the players aim by choosing one of eight directions to shoot using a second joystick separate from the one that controls movement. It was quite a revolutionary game for its time. For shooting games overseas, it's common to see games that utilize the left stick to move around and the right to determine the direction to shoot, so we can say the origin of modern shooting games was this game–which is pretty remarkable.
Friday, October 3
Finally, Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS is being released overseas. Congratulations!! With the game released globally, from here on out I'll be posting about some of the hidden elements in the game. However, for now they'll only trickle down a little bit at a time. I'll be done with posting new pics by the end of the year, so I hope you'll enjoy the rest of the ride.
Week 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68


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A newly discovered comet hurtles past our starry sky at the end of this month. For the first time since the Neanderthal era, we will be able to observe this space bullet with the naked eye. Do you write it down on the agenda?
The comet, called C/2022 E3 (ZTF), is currently passing through the inner solar system. It will be closest to the Sun on January 12th and then closest to Earth between February 1st and 2nd.
If the comet remained as bright as it is now, it could be visible to the naked eye in a dark sky. This is difficult to predict for comets, but even if C/2022 E3 (ZTF) fades away, it will still be observable with binoculars or a telescope for several more days.
Comet C / 2022 E3 (ZTF)
Comets are notoriously unpredictable, but if C/2022 E3 (ZTF) continues its current trend in brightness, space debris will According to NASA It can be easily seen with binoculars. It is very likely that the Earth visitor would also be visible to the naked eye in a dark starry sky.
Observers in our Northern Hemisphere will find the comet in the morning sky as it moves rapidly to the northwest in January. In the Southern Hemisphere, it becomes visible in early February. C/2022 E3 (ZTF) will be best seen in the Netherlands and Belgium around January 28th.
He did not expect such a scene Newways It's 2020. But it's still a great opportunity to make a personal connection with an icy visitor from the far outer solar system.
The comet is about 50,000 years old. The last time it came close to Earth was during the Paleolithic period. This means that the last humans to observe C/2022 E3 (ZTF) were among the first Homo sapiens to live during the last ice age. Just like the last Neanderthals, because this species went extinct about 10,000 years after the last appearance of C/2022 E3 (ZTF).
Of course, Neanderthals and our early ancestors didn't know what C/2022 E3 (ZTF) was. The comet was not identified until March 2022 by Zwicky Transit Facility, a state-of-the-art observatory in California. check sky.observe.com The more detailed information about how, where and when you can see the comet the better.
C/2022 E3 (ZTF) may be very close to Earth in terms of space distances, but we're not in danger yet. Anyway, NASA wants It can be saved without any problems. But check this out just to be sure Ten films in which our planet is dying.
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The comet is seen with the naked eye for the first time since the Neanderthals
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Pagani is still keeping us on tenterhooks regarding the unveiling of the new Huayra R but to keep us interested, they have just released a short film.
Horacio Pagani explains why they decided to create the model and as it turns out, it's about the same story as when they created the Zonda R as they both arose from a need for freedom.
That means freedom from restrictions and regulations.
Thanks to what they learned from the creation of the Zonda R, they are more suited to create a truly unleashed version of the Huayra.
Sources suggest it will be powered by a brand new naturally aspirated V12 engine built by AMG. It has been developed in collaboration with HWA – these are the same folks who worked on the Apollo IE's V12 unit. The engine revs to over 9500 rpm and is said to produce over 900 hp (670 kW).


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+ WHEN GRAHAM CRACKERS FINALLY CRUMBLE. Shayne Graham has had a history of missing critical game-winning or game-tying field goals that's made us question his reliability as a clutch field goal kicker. And Sunday may have doomed his Bengals career. With 6:29 left in the third quarter, Graham missed a 35-yard field goal that would have brought Cincinnati to within four points. Instead he kicked it wide left and the Jets went on an eight-play 75 yard touchdown drive. With 3:54 remaining in the game, Shayne Graham capped Cincinnati's 13-play 52-yard drive with a missed 28-yard field goal that would have put Cincinnati to within a touchdown. Having three time outs and under four minutes left in the game, the Bengals could have put themselves in a position to tie the game, if not win the game.
I'm sure no one feels worse about losing than Shayne Graham. But that doesn't lesson the question: Is Shayne Graham's career in Cincinnati over? He was paid $2.483 million this year as the team's designated franchise player. Now Graham will be an unrestricted free agent which opens the door for Cincinnati for find a kicker that's a bit cheaper and hopefully more reliable when the game is on the line.
Something else to think on: If the Bengals offense actually produced in the redzone during Graham's field goal misses...
"There isn't anything you can say about that," coach Marvin Lewis said. "When you miss the field goal, you miss the field goal. It's a shame, and it killed us. Unfortunately, in this case, it's mostly a one-man operation, and that is the sad part of it. Shayne feels worse about it than anybody. These points obviously make a big difference."
After starting 7-2, the Bengals won only three of their final eight games and dropped four of their last five.
Palmer's longest pass play of the day was a pass interference call against Revis good for 26 yards.
Dhani Jones puts the season in perspective:
"How can you not like the foundation and the things we've done?" Jones said. "We've done a lot of phenomenal things. We just didn't do that one phenomenal thing that we needed to continue.
Several Bengals players suffered injuries against the Jets. Rashad Jeanty broke his leg. Andre Caldwell admits that he wouldn't have returned to the game if it wasn't a critical game and Laveranues Coles kept on getting hurt.
Don Banks questioned Marvin Lewis' use of his challenges:
2. Marvin Lewis' challenges. He burned his two by the first period, and both were fairly obvious losers. C'mon, Marvin, that's not why I made you Coach of the Year.
The following is a season-by-season look at Lewis' record when challenging plays during the regular season.
Season | % Overturned |
2009 | 57% |
2008 | 86% |
2007 | 23% |
2006 | 25% |
2005 | 20% |
2004 | 40% |
2003 | 20% |
Peter King on the Bengals: "You can't convince me that Carson Palmer's not hurt. Either that or he's become Steve Sax or Steve Blass. You know, with some sort of thrower's block."


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The Oxfam Report ranked the best and worst states to work in 2022. The global organization that fights inequality to end poverty and injustice has been ranking states since 2018.
Hawaiʻi ranked 19 out of 52 in Oxfam's "Best and Worst States to Work in America 2022" report. The score includes Washington D.C. and Puerto Rico.
The ranking is based on wage, worker protection and the right to organize.
Oregon won first place and North Carolina ranked at the bottom.
Hawaiʻi scored better for working women at 10th place.
Hawaiʻi is the only state that created a feminist economic recovery plan with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic — and the only state to score significantly higher in the women's ranking.


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- Mon:
- 11am - 12am
- Tue:
- 11am - 12am
- Wed:
- 11am - 12am
- Thu:
- 11am - 1am
- Fri:
- 11am - 2am
- Sat:
- 10am - 2am
- Sun:
- 10am 11pm
We say…
Situated on Leeds' Greek Street, The Alchemist is an edgy modern bar and restaurant that opened thanks to the success of its first location in the Trinity Centre. Well situated in the heart of Leeds, The Alchemist offers brunch, lunch, dinner and drinks options that will ensure you enjoy the city in style.
The steps up to the entrance are lined with copper panels and lead you to a relaxed bar area and a separate dining area. Large beige leather seats and fairy lights lining the windows make for an ambient setting, especially in the evening. Smart marble tabletops, grand chandeliers and a huge bronze bar make for a luxurious dining and drinking experience, the perfect place to grab some cocktails with friends before you settle down for your meal.
In terms of the menu, there's a great range of brunch, light bites and evening options, as well as a roast on Sundays: quality gourmet dining infused with world flavours is the theme, featuring many asian dishes. Starters include some fantastic flavours to get your meal off to a flying start: try the padron peppers with salt flakes and crispy shallots or the hot chorizo in red wine jus with roasted onion and garlic. If you're stopping by for lunch, go for a duck hoisin and cucumber wrap or an open sandwich of smashed avocado and poached eggs on rye bread. Then on to mains: favourites include the Japanese ramen in a spiced broth with your choice of meat (there's also a quorn veggie option) and the blackened salmon with a cajun crumb. For dessert, go for the salted caramel cheesecake or the indulgent Belgian waffles.
The Alchemist is famed for its drinks: they're laid out on the menu like the periodic table, fitting to the venue's name and establishing a genius, scientific approach to mixing. Cocktails at The Alchemist feature exciting ingredients: look out for those that include kale, white chocolate cream foam, maple syrup and smoke!
Open all day - for everything from your morning coffee to elaborate cocktails with friends - The Alchemist Leeds Greek Street is a great venue for day or night dining and drinking. The restaurant and bar both get busy in the evenings, so make sure you book now to avoid disappointment.


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You are here: Urology Textbook > Surgical management > Urinary tract infections > Causes, risk factors and pathogens
Urinary Tract Infections: Causes, Pathogens, and Risk Factors
- Urinary tract infection: definition and epidemiology
- Urinary tract infection: causes and risk factors
- Urinary tract infection: Diagnostic Workup
- Urinary tract infection: prevention and antibiotic treatment
Review literature: (Krieger, 2002) (Nickel, 2005a) (Nickel, 2005b) (Sussman and Gally, 1999) (Wagenlehner and Naber, 2006) (DGU 2009, S3-guideline for UTI).
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Urinary Tract Infections
Mechanisms of Infections:
Bacteria can invade the urinary tract by ascending from the urethra, hematogenous spread, lymphatic spread and invasion via the neighboring organs.
Ascending infection:
Ascending infections are the most common cause of urinary tract infections. Because the female urethra is short and intestinal bacteria tend to colonize the perineum and vulva, women are more prone to UTIs than men.
Hematogenous infection:
Hematogenous-caused urinary tract infections are rare: urogenital tuberculosis, renal abscess, perinephric abscess, or epididymitis.
Lymphatic spread of urinary tract infection:
Lymphatic causes of UTI are rare and speculative; bacteria may spread to the prostate, bladder, and female internal genital organs in case of severe bowel inflammation.
Direct spread from adjacent organs:
Urinary tract infections may be causes by invasion from neighboring organs: through intraperitoneal abscess, pelvic inflammatory disease, bowel fistula (Crohn disease, diverticulitis, cancer), vesicovaginal fistula.
Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infections:
The most common bacteria of uncomplicated urinary tract infections are E. coli (80%), followed by Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae [Table pathogen spectrum of bacterial cystitis].
Pathogens | % |
Gram-negative pathogens: | |
Escherichia coli | 77 |
Proteus mirabilis | 5 |
Klebsiella pneumoniae | 2-3 |
Enterobacter spp. | 1 |
Citrobacter spp. | 1 |
Other Enterobacteriaceae | 2 |
Gram-positive bacteria | |
Staphylococcus saprophyticus | 3 |
Staphylococcus aureus | 2 |
Other staphylococci | 4 |
Enterococcus spp. | 3 |
Streptococcus spp. | 1 |
Other pathogens of urinary tract infections:
- Anaerobic Gram-positive pathogens: Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Fungi, most commonly Candida species (total 5% of UTI), and Aspergillus.
- Parasites: Schistosoma haematobium
Bacterial Virulence Factors in Urinary Tract Infections:
Most UTI are caused by E. coli (80% of outpatients). Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) adhere easily to the urothelium and vaginal epithelium. The increased adherence is mediated by fimbriae or pili. The classification is made regarding the ability to agglutinate animal erythrocytes and the sugars which inhibit this agglutination.
Most UTIs are caused by E. coli with MSHA or MRHA pili. The MSHA properties are responsible for binding to the urothelium, the MRHA property allows invasive infection. MSHA properties alone are not sufficient for urinary tract infection. Further bacterial virulence factors of E. coli are hemolysins (detroy urothelium cells), the formation of intracellular bacterial communities and biofilm production.
Type 1 pili:
Mannose-sensitive hemagglutination = MSHA. These bacteria can adhere to specific oligosaccharides of the urothelium.
Type 2 or P pili:
Mannose-resistant hemagglutination = MRHA. These bacteria can adhere to oligosaccharides on glycolipids of the urothelium and of P blood group antigens. In addition to the affinity to P blood group antigens, type 2 pili enable adherence to the kidney, and "P" standing for pyelonephritis.
Bacteria attached to surfaces change their biochemical programm due to a complex change in intra- and intercellular signaling. This results in forming bacterial colonies, which are protected by a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix called biofilm. Bacteria in biofilm colonies are more resistant to antibiotics, several mechanisms are proposed: 1) limited antibiotic diffusion through the matrix; 2) the transmission of resistance genes within the community; 3) physiological changes (reduced metabolism and growth rates) and 4) the presence of metabolically inactive cells known as persisters or dormant bacterial cells (Wieser et al., 2011).
Intracellular bacterial communities:
Uropathogenic bacteria can invade into urothelial cells and form an intracellular bacterial community (IBC) comparable to microbiological biofilms. IBC protect bacteria from the immune system, are the cause of recurrent UTI and may cause symptoms, while standard urine culture does not indicate UTI (Wieser et al., 2011).
Molecular risk factors:
Depending on the risk factor, either the risk for bacteriuria, for cystitis and/or pyelonephritis is increased: HLA-A3, a low secretion of the Lewis blood group antigen via the urine, blood group antigen P1, expression of the globo-A epitope (AB0 blood group system) on epithelial cells, secretion of IgA via the vaginal mucus, defects of the TLR4 (toll-like receptor), low uirne concentration of antimicrobial peptides (Ambite et al., 2016).
Gender-Independent Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Infection:
- Postvoid residual urine in the bladder
- Bladder catheter: from the third day, the prevalence of bacteriuria rises 3–8% per day. After three weeks, almost every bladder with catheter is colonized by bacteria.
- Disturbed peristalsis of the ureter, e.g., pregnancy
- Subvesical obstruction
- Decreased renal blood flow
- Non-secretors: a low secretion of the blood group antigens via the urine predisposes to recurrent UTI.
- Foreign bodies in the urinary tract
- Anatomical abnormalities: e.g., vesicoureteral reflux, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, ureterocele or bladder diverticulum.
- Diabetes mellitus: 20–25fold risk of urinary tract infections
- Risk factors for fungal infection of the urinary tract (Vazquez and Sobel, 1999): Diabetes mellitus, urinary tract obstruction, immunosuppression, catheterization, antibiotic therapy, female sex, ileum conduit and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.
- Fecal incontinence
- Old age
Female Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Infections:
- Short urethra enables ascending urinary tract infections.
- Increased sexual activity, anal intercourse, use of a diaphragm and/or spermicides.
- Pregnancy (hormone-induced dilatation of the urinary tract, decreased uromodulin)
- Postmenopause: the decreased estrogen levels lead to atrophy of the vaginal mucous membranes, reduced colonization by lactobacilli, increased vaginal colonization with Enterobacteriaceae and anaerobes, which cause urinary tract infections.
Male Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Infection:
- Missing circumcision predisposis children with vesicoureteral reflux to recurrent urinary tract infections.
- Reduced secretion of zinc by the prostate
- Sex with an infected partner or anal intercourse
- Foreskin diseases: e.g., balanitis
Urinary tract infection | Index | Diagnosis of UTI |
Index: 1–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Urologie, S3-guideline for urinary tract infectionEpidemiologie, Diagnostik, Therapie und Management unkomplizierter bakterieller ambulant erworbener Harnwegsinfektionen bei erwachsenen Patienten
AWMF, 2010, Register-Nr. 043/044
Bauer u.a. 2002 BAUER, H. W. ; RAHLFS, V. W. ; LAUENER, P. A. ; BLESSMANN, G. S.: Prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections with immuno-active E. coli fractions: a meta-analysis of five placebo-controlled double-blind studies.
In: Int J Antimicrob Agents
19 (2002), Nr. 6, S. 451–6
Kass 2002 KASS, E. H.:
Asymptomatic infections of the urinary tract. 1956.
In: J Urol
167 (2002), Nr. 2 Pt 2, S. 1016–9; discussion 1019–21
Krieger 2002 KRIEGER, J. N.:
Urinary tract infections: what's new?
In: J Urol
168 (2002), Nr. 6, S. 2351–8
Nickel 2005a NICKEL, J. C.:
Management of urinary tract infections: historical perspective and
current strategies: Part 1–Before antibiotics.
In: J Urol
173 (2005), Nr. 1, S. 21–6
Nickel 2005b NICKEL, J. C.:
Management of urinary tract infections: historical perspective and
current strategies: Part 2-Modern management.
In: J Urol
173 (2005), Nr. 1, S. 27–32
Sobel und Vazquez 1999 SOBEL, J. D. ; VAZQUEZ,
Fungal infections of the urinary tract.
In: World J Urol
17 (1999), Nr. 6, S. 410–4
Sussman und Gally 1999 SUSSMAN, M. ; GALLY,
The biology of cystitis: host and bacterial factors.
In: Annu Rev Med
Wagenlehner und Naber 2006 WAGENLEHNER, F. M. ;
Treatment of bacterial urinary tract infections: presence and future.
In: Eur Urol
49 (2006), Nr. 2, S. 235–44
Deutsche Version: Ursachen einer Harnwegsinfektion


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Hey y'all hey! Got a new holiday short coming to ya! On the 3rd I asked myself, "I wonder if I can get a short out by Valentine's Day."
Everyone I mentioned it to said I could.
And I did!
So enjoy this sample and get ready to one-click on Valentine's Day!
"How's this one look?"
I turned to look at the lipstick my friend, Sabrina, was holding up and shook my head.
Sabrina looked at again and put it back on the display case. "Yeah, that ain't the one."
"Here," I said, passing her a lipstick that I'd picked up. "This one is better."
"It is!" Sabrina exclaimed. "And that's why I love going shopping with you. You never steer me wrong. Thanks again, for coming with me, Venus."
"No, thanks needed," I said. "You know I'm always done for a trip to the mall. That means I get a pretzel."
"And a chance to play that piano," she added, with a grin.
"What?" I laughed. "You know I'm obsessed with it."
"Obsessed with the piano, or the cutie that you saw playing it?" she teased.
"Both," I shamelessly admitted.
I'd gone shopping on Black Friday, the day after Thanksgiving, with my sister and that was when I discovered the gorgeous baby grand piano at the mall. Unable to resist, I sat down and began to play.
It was also the first time I saw him. He was coming out of the coffee shop not too far away from where the piano was set up. I was playing a classical piece when he'd stopped to watch. My pulse had raced at the sight of him and the way he'd been looking at me.
And he was quite the sight himself, with his chocolate brown skin, chiseled jaw, wide nose and full lips that sent shivers down my spine when he licked them.
He stayed until I finished playing and then joined in with the small audience that had gathered. A few people came up to me to compliment me on my playing and when I looked around to see if the handsome stranger was still there, I was disappointed to discover that he was gone.
In December, I saw him again at the mall, while I was doing some Christmas shopping for my family and friends. But this time, it was him on the piano.
And he was…spectacular.
I'd found myself amazed and aroused as I watched his talented fingers fly across the keys, playing a lively holiday classic. As if sensing my presence, he'd looked up and locked eyes with me. His lips tilted up in a sexy grin, and I swear my panties singed right the fuck off.
When he'd finished playing, he stood, grabbed his shopping bags and made his way through the crowd of people surrounding the piano.
"Happy Holidays, Gorgeous," he'd said to me as he walked by.
The sound of the piano playing brought me back to the present.
Sabrina and I paid for our purchases and left the cosmetic store, and I made a beeline for the piano.
"Is that him?" Sabrina asked.
My lips curled into a grin and I nodded. "I love this song."
"You should go and play with him."
"What?" I said, looking at Sabrina in disbelief. I shook my head. "No."
"Come on," she goaded. "I dare ya!"
"What are we…eight?" I giggled.
"I can see it in your eyes," Sabrina said. "You know you wanna go and play. Just do it!"
She gave me a little shove and I stumbled forward. At that moment, the man looked up at me.
And that's when the conversation with our eyes began.
He gave me a nod and a wink and I nodded back.
And then he raised an eyebrow and tilted his head, silently inviting me to join him.
I bashfully shook my head, and he tilted his again coaxingly.
I blew out a breath, before relenting and took a step forward. I stopped when I felt a tug on my shopping bag and realized it was Sabrina taking it from me. I turned and made my way over to the piano where I stood next to the man who was still playing. I listened for a moment as my fingers hovered over the keys, waiting for the right moment to join him. And then I began to play along with him, first with one hand, and then both. In no time, I was lost in the music, playing the notes that complemented the ones he was playing.
He scooted over on the piano bench, silently offering up the space to sit beside him and I did.
As soon as the sides of our bodies touched, heat skittered through every nerve in my body. My gaze went to his forearms, the corded muscles covered in tattoo sleeves that flexed deliciously every time he passionately struck chord after chord.
I glanced over at him as we continued playing together and found him engrossed in the music, eyes shut as his head swayed from side to side. But then his eyes opened and he caught me staring. Our eyes stayed connected as we reached the climax of the song.
We finished the song, still staring at each other, but the thunderous applause reminded me of where I was. I blinked and looked around, shocked by the number of people around, with their phones out recording our little encounter.
I turned back to him and grinned sheepishly.
"I was so caught up in playing that I didn't realize how big the crowd had gotten."
"Yeah," he said, looking around before his gaze settled back on to me. He took my hand in his and kissed the back of it. "It was quite the honor to play alongside you, Gorgeous."
And then he stood, grabbed a to-go cup from one of the coffee shops in the mall that had been sitting on top of the piano and sauntered off.
I sat there, watching him until he hopped on the glass elevator. He turned in the car and once again, our gazes connected for his entire ride up to the second story.
I finally managed to find my breath after that, but it was definitely off-kilter.
"That was…hot as fuck."
I turned to find Sabrina standing over the piano, grinning at me widely.
"Yeah," I said, looking up to the second story, wondering where the mystery man had headed off to. "That definitely was."
In the Key of Love: A Sexy Holiday Short by Té Russ...coming Valentine's Day


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Growing old is a natural part of life. As we age, things that we used to do easily become more challenging. Despite advances in healthcare, basic tasks such as cooking, cleaning or even going to the bathroom can be difficult. Without help, these daily routines may end up impacting the quality of life for the elderly and those around them.
One way to overcome this is to implement changes to accident-proof the living area. However, making such home improvements can be costly. Fortunately, there is financial support in the form of the Seniors' Mobility and Enabling Fund (SMF).
What is SMF?
The Seniors' and Mobility Fund, or SMF, is an assistance scheme for those aged 60 years and above in Singapore. It aims to provide the necessities for mobility to help them live independently.
Established by the Agency for Integrated Care (AIC), it offsets the cost of senior mobility aids such as assisted devices, home healthcare items and specialised transportation services. Seniors who meet the fund criteria will enjoy up to 90% subsidy for such costs or 90% of the maximum device subsidy cap, whichever is lower.
What is Covered?
Certain devices or healthcare items can be used to make Activities of Daily Living (ADL) possible. Here are some examples of some of these items which can be covered under the SMF:
1. Assistive devices
- Basic wheelchair or pushchair
- Commode or shower chair
- Geriatric chair
- Hearing aid
- Hospital bed
- Motorised wheelchair or scooter
- Pressure relief cushion
- Pressure relief mattress
- Spectacles
- Walking aids
- Other special equipment such as suction pumps, transfer boards, or oxygen concentrators
2. Home healthcare items
- Adult diapers
- Catheters and catheter sets
- Milk feeds
- Nasal tubing
- Nasogastric tubes
- pH indicator test strips
- Thickeners
- Wound dressings
3. Transportation services
Apart from the items listed above, seniors who are receiving care from the following centres funded by Ministry of Health (MOH) can also tap on the subsidies:
- Hospice care centres
- Eldercare centres
- Dialysis centres
Who Can Apply?
To qualify for the SMF, applicants must:
- Be a Singapore Citizen aged 60 years old and above
- Have a total monthly household income of $2,000 per person, or live in a residence with an Annual Value (AV) of $13,000 and below
- Complete and pass the means-test by MOH
- Not have applied for the Assistive Devices or Home Healthcare Items category previously
- Live within the community and not in a nursing home or assisted living facility
- Be able to co-pay for the device or item
- Be assessed on the type of device or item required by a qualified assessor such as a registered medical professional
Let Jaga-Me Help You
Not being able to move around conveniently can be extremely frustrating. With an increasing number of elderly experiencing mobility difficulties, family members can start to look into how they can reduce the challenges seniors will face. One of the ways is to engage the help of elderly home care services.
The application process of the SMF is pretty seamless and uncomplicated. You can easily apply directly to AIC or through your doctor or even home care provider. Simply let them know you would like to apply for the fund. As a professional home caregiver in Singapore, Jaga-Me will also be able to submit the SMF application on your behalf to AIC. With a wide range of medical and non-medical services, our trained caregivers can also lend you a helping hand with services such as daily respite care and home nursing.
Contact us to learn more about the Seniors' Mobility and Enabling Fund and how we can help you and your elderly loved one today.


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- A new tame-able Exotic has been spotted in the world... LOOK FOR RAINBOWS BY THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN FILLED WITH CANDY GOODNESS! This will be different than the UO Store version, an EXOTIC version.
- Tarantula Mount will be REMOVED from the GAME. It has been REPLACED with the WINDRUNNER! Your existing Tarantula's will be modified automatically over the next few days. Sorry, the Tarantula never was supposed to go in game because it has no attack animations and temporarily became invisible.. Oh and it's horrifying and Schuyler Bain was getting nightmares. This will be different than the UO Store version, an EXOTIC version.
- Tracking increased distance to 100 base.
- New tame-ables cannot be paragons
- Orc Captains will now have the title of Orc Captain and drop rate of 25% for the Summoner Quest Whip.
- The final question to the Holy Grail quest bridge is now movie accurate.
- Fixed Music in blessed areas from changing the actual music of the area. Sans the library we added cool music
- Animated Weapon 2 Slots instead of 4
- Bladespirit cast time reduced
- Summon Creature has more summons available as well
- Summon Creature cast time reduced slightly
- Summoned Creatures generate two times the chance to get loot priority since damage is divided to summoner (@anathemort thx for the assist)
- Arcane empowerment got a buff to the Dispel Bonus - Spellweaving
- Rising Colossus Timer extended by 60 seconds IF you have 120 Spellweaving.
- Magery Elementals are not 2 Slots instead of 1.
- Summoned creatures no longer leave a body.
- Creatures and bosses that had a chance to just auto dispel a summoned creature without checking any of the masteries or skills will now check for a combination of your Spellweaving and Mysticism Skill Value. It does not check Magery. This will allow you to stay in the fight longer but still have a chance to be a little chaotic. (example Barracoon would insta dispel everything) this change is why we put the Elementals back to 2 slots. It balances out. (@anathemort thx for the amazing help on this)
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April 14, 2023
Dear Friends,
Terra Sancta Ministries will be hosting Divine Mercy Sunday again at St. Joseph Chapel (400 South Blvd. West, Pontiac, MI 48341) this Sunday, April 16. Mass will be at 1:00 pm (not Noon). We will have a full schedule from 11:00 am to 3:30 pm. We welcome Fr. Jeff Allen as our speaker and presider. Our schedule is the following:
(11:00 am) Exposition of the Most Blessed Sacrament
- (11:30 am-1:00 pm) Confession:
(11:30 am) Talk: Fr. Jeff Allen ("Divine Mercy: From the Practical to the Spiritual")
(12:30 pm) Rosary & Confessions:
(1:00 pm) Holy Mass: Fr. Alex Kratz, OFM
(2:15 pm) Exposition & Confessions:
- Relic of St. Faustina: Veneration & Blessing
- (2:20 pm) Talk: Fr. Alex Kratz, OFM ("Fatima and Divine Mercy")
(3:00 pm) Hour of Mercy: Chaplet of Divine Mercy & Eucharistic Benediction
The "special grace" of the Divine Mercy Sunday is the equivalent of a complete renewal of baptismal grace in the soul (the complete forgiveness (remission) of sins and punishment)—like a second Baptism. (A Plenary Indulgence consists only of the remission of temporal punishments for the committed sins, but is never the remission of sins itself.) You must simply receive Holy Communion on Divine Mercy Sunday worthily (in a state of grace) and make a good Confession within 21 days before or after April 16.
We have Epiphany Water. It is a most powerful Holy Water for blessing and protection against the demonic.
To communicate with me, please DO NOT RESPOND TO THIS EMAIL but email me directly at [email protected] or call/text me at (313) 727-9784. Jesus, our Divine Mercy, we trust in you!
In Jesus, Mary & Joseph,
Fr. Alex Kratz, OFM
Spiritual Director of Terra Sancta Ministries


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Defending Sunday's parliamentary election, which the Opposition called "farcical", Awami League chief and Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on Monday blamed the Opposition for its electoral debacle.
She said her government's pro-people policies helped the party sweep the poll — the Awami League won more than 96% of seats in the National Parliament. The election was "free and fair", said Ms. Hasina.
"They [Opposition] have put up four to five candidates per seat and there were genuinely winnable candidates among them," said the Prime Minister. "There were winnable leaders, like Jiaur Rahman from Dhaka Dhamrai. But they were not made candidates. How can you get more seats if you do not have proper candidates?" she asked.
"Actually, they were defeated due to their own fault. They are responsible for their defeat... only a few of their candidates were active and they refused to engage in propaganda [campaign] properly," said Ms. Hasina.
'Terrorist activities'
Among the other "problems" of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and the Jamaat-e-Islami, there were routine terrorist activities, which pushed them away from the people, the Prime Minister said.
"The BNP-Jamaat set fire on 3,900 vehicles in 2013-2015 and 500 people were killed. Vehicles and trains were torched. [These are] terrorist activities and people rejected such activities," she said.
Ms. Hasina also gave a detailed account of the good work done by her government and said itwill continue with the Awami League's model of development. "Our poverty has been reduced from 40 to 21%, per capita income has gone up to $1,751 and growth is 7.86%. The fruits of this development has gone into the grassroots and people voted for us."
She repeatedly emphasised on the need to strengthen democracy. "Without a democratic system, we can't make progress and I believe in that. Accountability too is important and we do need to approach people in every five years... and they do have the right to criticise us," Ms. Hasina said.
'Fabricated cases'
Answering a question on the fairness of the Election Commission, Ms. Hasina said that the Commission is "free to investigate" any kind of malpractices if complaints are lodged. Asked about reports that a ballot box was found outside a polling station in Chittagong, the Prime Minister said "such cases are fabricated". Pointing to the cancellation of polling at 22 stations out of 40,000 centres, she said "such cases are less than 1%".
She added that "there won't be any discrimination [even if one belongs to the Opposition] as far as her developmental projects are concerned... I will work for all."
However, Ms. Hasina did not make any firm commitment about reaching out to the Opposition. Giving the example of India, she said every political party needs a face. "In 2014, the Congress did not have one and they suffered in the elections, so did the Opposition [in Bangladesh]… they did not have a face."
Meanwhile, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee congratulated Ms. Hasina on her victory. "Spoke to Sheikh Hasina Ji and congratulated her on the resounding victory in the Bangladesh elections. Wished her the very best for the tenure ahead," Mr. Modi tweeted.


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Paper Plates ''Witches and Wizards''
Abracadabra, raise your chopsticks and get on your broom! Have you always dreamed of joining a famous school of magic and learning to cast the most surprising spells from each other?
While waiting to receive your admission letter, fall for our sorcerer collection which is equally suitable for a harry potter birthday, not only for Halloween. 8 cardboard plates imagined by My Little Day with bewitching patterns. To associate with cups and napkins from the wizard collection for a table full of magic. The wizard plates were designed in Paris, made in Europe with FSC paper and dyed with vegetable ink.
Good to Know
- Material: 100% FSC paper, coloured with vegetable ink
- Includes : 8 paper plates
- Diameter 22 cm
- Made in the EU
About the Brand My Little Day has all the cool party decorations, balloons and accessories you need! Our partyware products are Ecofriendly, Made in Europe, the balloons are biodegradable, what else? Oh more important : it's FUN!!!


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Snapshot of Freo | Four hours in a port city
Stories on every corner, cannons firing, a moment in Australian rules football history, a UNESCO World Heritage site, one of Australia's oldest markets and craft beer. You can cover a lot of ground in Fremantle in four hours. You'll want to come back for more.
10 AM | Fremantle Prison
Park on Parry Street, look for the stairs that lead up to Fremantle Prison or walk around to Fairbairn Street Ramp. Entry to the main gatehouse area is free and includes prison gallery, convict depot and museum. Or book in for one of the prison tours.*
Facing west and heading down the Fairbairn Street ramp, you'll see a sculpture depicting a group of convicts and pensioner guards on their arrival to Fremantle aboard convict transport ships.
Look for The Mark, a sculpture by Robert Hitchcock at the Parry Street roundabout. It recognises one of the most famous high-flying leaps made by John Gerovich in the 1956 WA National Football League preliminary final.
11.30 AM | Fremantle Markets
The entrances on Parry and William Streets lead you into the grocery and provedore section of the famous Fremantle Markets (open Friday-Sunday and Monday public holidays). The markets covers an entire city block and is one of the few markets in Australia that continues to be used for its original purpose. It's a feast for the all the senses with fresh groceries,street food and groceries. Once into the hall discover purveyors of fashion, art, hats, jewelry and much more.
The southern entrance opens out onto South Terrace and the iconic Cappuccino Strip. Turn right and walk past the Sail & Anchor Hotel, home of a modern day craft beer revolution. The aromas of Fremantle's European influences will hit your senses as you walk past Italian eateries. Time for lunch.
12.30 PM | West End and the Round House
South Terrace curves into Market Street and the West End Precinct, it's one of the best preserved nineteenth century port city townscapes you'll see with over 200 buildings making up one of the largest heritage areas listed in Western Australia.
The National Hotel at the corner of High Street and Market Street is a stunningly restored traditional Australian hotel and the unofficial entrance to the West End. Stop for a beer and check out the Staircase Gallery on the way up to the roof top bar. Returning to the ground floor and back to High Street head due West past some of Fremantle's best high street shops.
Cross the railway line at the very end of High Street and make your way up the stairs to the Round House, Western Australia's oldest building. Listen out for the firing of the cannon and time ball dropping at the Round House at 1 pm sharp before you head down the steps at the southern end of the lawn.
1.30 PM | Fishing Boat Harbour
Continue south through Fishing Boat Harbour and enjoy a well-earned pint of Little Creatures ale. If you have time take a pic with the Love Freo sculpture.
*Entry fees apply.


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Chairman Williams Questions Small Business Administration's Decision to Not Account for Taxpayer DollarsLetter to SBA Administrator Guzman
March 15, 2023
WASHINGTON, D.C. – Today, Chairman Roger Williams (R-TX) issued the following statement regarding the Small Business Administration's (SBA) decision to end the collection on purchased Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans with an outstanding balance of $100,000 or less. "The Small Business Administration's decision raises fundamental questions about the proper stewardship of American taxpayer dollars," said Chairman Williams. "During the COVID-19 pandemic, the SBA issued nearly $800 billion in loans to almost 12 million businesses, and unfortunately there were many criminal opportunists that defrauded this pandemic assistance program. Americans must be assured that these actions by the SBA are not letting bad actors off the hook by failing to scrutinize this large number of loans." Full letter can be found, here. ### |


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Exploring the world isn't just about ticking off must-see sights or tasting exotic cuisine. For many, it's also about experiencing local culture – and nothing says culture quite like music. Music is an embodiment of a country's history, influences, and spirit. So how do you dig deeper into the local music scene when you travel? Here's our guide to getting into the groove.
(1) Do Your Research
Before setting off on your adventure, do some background research on the musical heritage of your destination. Some questions to ask include:
- What genres are popular?
- Are there traditional music styles unique to the area?
- Are there any local musicians or bands gaining international recognition?
Your research will give you a basic understanding and prepare you for what you might encounter. It will also help you identify the types of live music performances you'd like to experience.
(2) Explore Live Music Venues
From jazz clubs to opera houses, rock bars to symphony halls, explore the venues where music is played live. Check out their websites or social media for a schedule of performances during your stay. Consider a range of venues – large concert halls might house internationally recognized artists, while smaller pubs or cafes often provide a platform for local talent.
(3) Attend Local Music Festivals
Music festivals are a great way to immerse yourself in the local music scene. From folk to electronic, jazz to rock, you'll find a festival for almost every genre of music. These gatherings are often packed with passionate locals and offer a vibrant taste of the culture. Plus, they often feature a mix of established acts and emerging artists.
(4) Visit Record Stores
Even in our digital age, record stores remain a hub for music enthusiasts. Many cities have iconic stores filled with vinyl, CDs, and music memorabilia. Here, you can chat with the staff and customers to get recommendations about local music. Some stores even host live performances or album launch events.
(5) Take Local Music Tours
Many cities offer music-themed tours, especially if they have a rich musical history or have been the home of famous musicians. These tours can take you to iconic music locations, like recording studios, musicians' homes, or venues famous for launching careers.
(6) Try Music Streaming Services
Use music streaming platforms like Spotify, Apple Music, or local alternatives to discover artists from the region you're visiting. Many of these platforms offer location-based playlists or have algorithms that recommend music based on your location.
(7) Engage with Locals
Interacting with locals can provide some of the most authentic insights into the local music scene. Don't hesitate to ask your taxi driver, hotel concierge, or the person sitting next to you at a cafe about their favorite music and recommendations for places to enjoy good music.
Immersing yourself in local music can be one of the most rewarding aspects of travel. It gives you a deeper understanding of the culture, unites people regardless of language barriers, and creates unforgettable memories. So next time you're planning a trip, remember to dive into the local music scene and let the rhythm guide your journey.