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Document Type : Original Article
Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Iraq
The current study designated to evaluate Gray scale Ultrasound (US) parameters of the lymphomatous cervical lymph nodes (CLN) in Hodgkin's, Non Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL and NHL) patients, and normal CLN in normal control group, 92 CLN in 50 patients newly diagnosed with HL and NHL and 29 normal CLN in 25 healthy persons. (US) parameters including shape, echo pattern, fatty hilum, nodal border, cystic necrosis, coagulation necrosis and internal calcification, homogeneity, site of involvement, and status to the adjacent tissue of lymph nodes were noted. The shape (round), fatty hilum (absent), homogeneity (homogenous), lymph node status (matted), and echogenic pattern (reticular) presented with significant relationship (Si) that segregate NHL and HL in contrast to control group, cystic necrosis (present) presented with (Si) that segregate NHL in contrast to control groups with (Si) relation toward HL group, nodal border (regular) presented with (Si) in NHL in contrast to control group with no significant (NS) relationship with leftover groups, with (68.9%) in HL to be informative hyperechoic echogenic pattern presented with (Si) in control group in contrast to NHL, HL groups. The other parameters such as site of involvement, coagulation necrosis, internal calcification, and hypoechoic and isoechoic echogenic pattern presented with (NS) relation among studied groups. Gray-scale US parameters outcome round shape, absent Hilum, homogenous architecture, lymph node status (matted), and reticular echo pattern were a strong clinical diagnostic features in lymphomatous CLN that predict occurrence of NHL, HL, with more presented matted lymph nodes in NHL than HL group. Cystic necrosis (present) was strong clinical indicator for the NHL occurrence prediction.
Graphical Abstract
The lymphatic system is a component of the immune system, integral to the peripheral vascular system, and metabolic system, it is made up of an extensive network of lymphatic capillaries, lymph nodes, lymphatic organs, and lymphoid tissues, it drains the extra-vasated fluid from blood capillaries in the tissue which supply nourishment to the tissue, and then this fluid (lymph fluid) collects damaged cells, bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells to be filtered in the lymph nodes [1].
The lymphatic system serves as the principal location for lymphocytes (B, T cells) related to the adaptive immunity and natural killer cells (NK) related to innate immunity within the lymph nodes, which play important roles in the immune system of the body [2].
The lymph node has a kidney-like shape, and lymph fluid enters it through the afferent lymphatic vessels, and after cleaning and filtering it comes out of the gland through one or two efferent lymphatic vessels to return back to the circulatory system, there are about 800 lymph nodes in the human body, 300 in the neck which termed cervical lymph nodes (CLN) [3, 4].
Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, it begins in B, T cells, and NK cells, which are a type of white blood cell, that fight diseases in the body, and play an essential role in the body's immune mechanism, it can spill over into blood (leukemic phase) and can infiltrate to different tissues and organs throughout the body, the main subdivisions are Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), based on the presence of Reed- Sternberg (RS) cells in HL [5].
Cervical lymph nodes (CLN) are frequently involved in a number of disease conditions, the most commonly seen causes of cervical lymphadenopathy are tuberculosis, distant metastasis, and lymphoma in which it is the most common sites of involvement in HL and NHL patients [6], and lymphoma may be presented as the only cervical lymphadenopathy, the oral physicians have to gate keep the oral and maxilla-facial health and increase the awareness toward cervical lymphadenopathy. Furthermore, there is a responsibility to detect the early manifestations of various systemic diseases is crucial in prognostication and further treatment planning and to provide the appropriate patient care [7].
Ultrasonography (US) especially B-mode ultrasound (gray-scale) which commonly used to examine CLN can be used as the first-line imaging devise without ionizing radiation in the diagnostic evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy, due to its ease, non-invasiveness, reproducibility, and cost-effectiveness [8].
When several sonographic parameters are taken into account, high resolution conventional ultrasound provides a high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in discriminating benign and malignant cervical lymphadenopathy serap et al [9], also Abdelgawad et al; 2020 [8] mentioned in their study that gray scale sonographic parameters presented with sensitivity of 94% and accuracy of 71.9% for assessment various causes of lymphoadenopathy.
Early cervical lymphadenopathy diagnosis and the early treatment plane leads to the good prognosis as many types of lymphoma, especially indolent NHL present with waxing and waning lymphadenopathy for many years, as mentioned by Sapkota and Shaikh (2022) in their study to evaluate sign and symptoms of NHL [10].
The objective of the study was to Evaluate Gray-scale US parameters of the involved lymphomatous CLN in (HL), (NHL) patients, and normal CLN in control group, to determine the main Gray-scale US parameters that predict HL and NHL occurrence.
Materials and Methods
This a cross-sectional study, approved by the Ethical Committee of Collage of Dentistry, Baghdad University (Project No. 632722) and conducted at Hematology Center in Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Medical City, AlKaadimeya Medical City and Radiology Department, Al-Yarmook Teaching Hospital, all of centers in Baghdad, Iraq. The study population included 25 patients (11 males and 14 females) with HL with 45 lymphomatous CLN and 25 patients (15 males and 10 females) with NHL with 47 lymphomatous CLN, both diagnosed according to histopathology and immunephenotyping, both groups associated with cervical lymphadenopathy, those patients were examined pre chemo and radiotherapy, Inclusion criteria for lymphomatous CLN were (the absence of fatty hilum, the minimum transverse diameter of 10 mm or larger, round shape, echo reticulation, and hypoechoic echogenicity) and 29 normal CLN 25 (13 males and 12 females) healthy control group with no history of neck surgery, glandular fever, chronic tonsillitis, tuberculosis, head and neck malignancy, or lymphomas, inclusion criteria for normal lymph nodes (oval shape, hypoechoic, with fatty hilum). Age and sex match with patients groups from 15- >60 years old.
Gray-scale US examination was done by radiologists using Voluson Ultrasound Machine; the ultrasound machine was with multi-frequency (7-14 MHz) and GE 11L-D Linear array probe. Scanning patients was performed while the patient was in the supine position, with the neck of the patient hyperextended with a pad or pillow under the shoulders to provide the optimum exposure of the neck. The Gray-scale US parameters including lymphnode shape (Lymph nodes with a Short / Long axis ratio (S/L) < 0.5 mm were accepted as oval nodes, whereas those with a S/L 0.5 mm or more were accepted as round nodes). The echogenic pattern of the lymph node was classified as hypo, hyperechoic, Isoechoic, and reticular compared with the surrounding musculature, reticular pattern was described as a micro-nodular echo mould. The fatty hilum was defined as presence (vascular) or absence (avascular). The border of the lymph node was classified as regular or irregular according to the boundary between the lymph nodes and the surrounding soft tissues. The internal structure of the lymph node (present/absent) was evaluated for the presence of calcification, cystic (liquefaction necrosis), and coagulation necrosis, coagulation necrosis the later usually echogenic, irregularly demarcated, and is not continuous with the surrounding fat. Lymph node status to the surrounding tissue described as matted or discrete and site of involvement according to Hajek's classification: (1) submental, (2) submandibular, (3) parotid, (4) upper cervical, above the hyoid bone and along the common carotid artery (CCA) and internal jugular vein (IJV), (5) middle cervical, between the hyoid bone and the cricoid cartilage, along the (CCA), and (IJV), (6) lower cervical, below the cricoid cartilage, and along the (CCA) and (IJV), (7) supraclavicular fossa and (8) posterior triangle (Figure 1). Finally, the homogeneity of lymphnode architecture was maintained with the (homogenous/heterogeneous) outcome.
Figure 1: Hajek classification of cervical lymph nodes
Objectives and aims of the study
The present study designated to evaluate the gray-scale US parameters of the involved lymphomatous CLN in (HL), (NHL) patients, and normal CLN in control group, to make comparison between US parameters outcomes of the involved lymphomatous CLN of (HL) and (NHL) patients and in contrast to the normal CLN in control group (healthy patients). To determine the main Gray-scale US features of HL and NHL groups, in contrast to that in control group, to estimate the US parameters that predict an occurrence of HL and NHL to increase the awareness of oral physician and dental practitioners toward the early diagnosis of patients with cervical lymphadenopathy.
Statistical analysis
The comparison of qualitative variables was made through the contingency coefficients (C.C.) test for the cause's correlation ship of the contingency tables and one sample Chi-square test. This test compares the observed and expected frequencies in each category to test either that all categories contain the same proportion of values or that each category contains a user-specified proportion of values. Fisher's exact test: Crosstabs' statistics and measures of association are computed for two-way tables only. The One-way ANOVA procedure produces a one-way analysis of variance for a quantitative dependent variable by a single factor (independent) variable with statistical package (SPSS) ver. (22.0).
Results and Discussion
Table 1 demonstrated the distribution of demographical characteristics variables (DCVs), with respect to gender studied groups had (NS) different at P=0.157 among the studied groups (HL, NHL, and control groups). But within HL, NHL groups, there was an increase in female patients in HL group, while male patients were the highest registered in NHL group, age group's distribution of the studied groups had a (Si) different at P=0.002 among the studied groups with means and deviations of the studied groups (control, NHL, and HL) were recorded (37.69 ± 12.67), (47.92 ± 14.91), and (28.84 ± 11.05) years old, respectively.
The results in Table 2 showed that control group has recorded "Oval" lymph node shape (75.9%), while most cases of NHL, HL groups has recorded "Round" lymph node shape (Figure 2) (70.2% and 77.8%), respectively, the results revealed (Si) relation with lymph node shape bet NHL, HL groups, and control group at P=0.000. On the other hand, regarding site involvement, the distribution of CLN site of involvement among studied groups (NHL, HL, and control group) shows (NS) relation at P= 0.359, which indicates the similarity of the selection of lymph nodes in different sites on all the studied groups.
Figure 2: Round enlarged lymphomatous cervical lymph node
The results in Table 3 showed that control group presented with 82.8% intact fatty Hilum, while 27.7% and 20% in NHL and HL groups, respectively, that (Si) relationships were obtained at P=0.000 between control and NHL, HL groups, and (NS) difference at P=0.389 are proved between NHL, HL groups, also in Table 3 cystic necrosis parameter outcomes (present or absent), results showed that 6.9% present in control group while 44.7% and 24.4% present in NHL and HL, respectively, that (Si) relationships were obtained at P=0.000 between controlled and NHL group, with NS relation between HL and control groups at P=0.053 and (Si) relationship between NHL, HL groups at P=0.042, while (NS) relation achieved for coagulation necrosis and internal calcification at P=0.280, P=0.071, respectively.
Figure 3 displays the normal cervical lymph node with echogenic hilum.
Regarding Nodal Border, the results in Table 4 showed control group 55.2% with regular lymph node border, while it was 78.7% and 68.9% for NHL and HL, respectively, that (Si) relationship was obtained at P=0.030 between controlled and NHL group and (NS) relationships at P=0.096 with the leftover comparisons, but rather than distribution of regular or irregular cases among studied groups indicated (NS) relationship at P=0.231, but according to the observed significant level P=0.096, it is more informative for that result to reported for HL, rather than simply stating that significant level was not achieved [11]. With respect to homogeneity results showed 100% of control group CLN were heterogeneous, while it was 78.7% and 77.8% for NHL and HL groups, respectively, that (Si) relationships were obtained at P=0.008 and P=0.006 among control and the NHL, HL groups, and (NS) at P=0.912 between NHL and HL groups. Finally, with respect to lymph node status related to adjacent tissue results showed 100% of CLN in control group were discrete, while 42.6% of lymphomatous CLN in NHL group were matted. Therefore, it was 22.2% in HL group, that (Si) relationships were obtained at P=0.000 and P=0.006 between controlled and NHL, HL groups, as well as (Si) relationship was reported at P=0.038 between distribution outcomes concerning NHL, HL groups, Table 4 and Figure 4 illustrate matted cervical lymph nodes.
Figure 3: Normal oval cervical lymph node (yellow arrow), intact echogenic hilum (orange arrow)
Figure 4: Group of lymphomatous cervical lymph nodes fused together (matted)
Regarding echogenic pattern in Table 5, hypoechoic pattern the percentages were in control group (72.4%), NHL group (78.7%) and HL group (68.9%) that was (NS) at P=0.530, hyperechoic pattern the percentages were in control group (27.6%), NHL group (6.3%), and HL group (11.1%) with (Si) relationship between studied groups at P=0.011, Isoechoic pattern. There was (NS) at P=0.068, which appear with 4.3% in NHL group and 0.0% in HL and control groups, reticular pattern (Figure 5A, B, and C), which was presented with (20%) in HL and (10.6%) in NHL with (Si) at P=0.003 to control group which was presented with 0.0%.
Age and gender
The present study showed an increase in female patients in the HL group, while male patients were the highest registered in the NHL group; this is in line with Touma et al. [12]. They stated that the NHL occurrence was observed more in males than females, while the HL occurrence in males was slightly more than females. On the other hand, Huang et al. [13] and the Cancer.Net Editorial Board [14] stated that NSHL of CHL is frequently developed in females.
Concerning NHL patient's age, the results are compatible with the UK Cancer Research [15] as stated that the age-specific incidence rates increase steadily and start around the age of (45-49) years old and more dramatically start around the age of (55-59) years old.
Regarding the age of the HL group, the results are compatible with Ananya [16] who mentioned that HL is most common in the early adulthood (especially in a person's 20s) and typically occurs in two age classes, specifically those between the ages 15 and 35 and those above the age of 55 years, respectively.
Lymph node shape
George and Appukuttan [17] mentioned that the nodal shape is an essential US parameter to distinguish different pathologic lesions, Osanai et al. [18] pointed out that lymph node with an S/L < 0.5 mm is oval in shape and demonstrates normality, while S/L ≥ 0.5mm seems round in shape that most commonly referred to pathologic lymph node, nonetheless, the S/L ratio of the normal submandibular nodes is often more than or equal to 0.5 mm, Ying and Ahuja [19], also they stated in 2005 that the parotid and submandibular lymph nodes, commonly have a shape round (S/L ≥ 0.5).
The results showed that lymph node shape (round) presented in NHL and HL groups as a (predictive clinical feature) more than the control group, while there was no evidence that there was a difference between NHL and HL groups and this agrees with Kartal, Ataş, and Gürsel [20] and Bo Wang et al. [21], also it should be taken in consideration that in an early stage of malignancy, the lymphomatous CLN may have an oval shape, Craig, Brook, and Lewis [22].
Lymph node border
In this study, the results showed that there was evidence that lymph node border (regular) more occurred in lymphomatous CLN in NHL patients than normal CLN in healthy and HL groups, but it is informative (not statistically dependent) regarding HL group [11], some studies imply that malignant lymph nodes have a regular border on ultrasonography, whereas benign nodes appear to have irregular borders. There has been debate over the nodal border and its relationship to malignancy [22].
Respecting control group, the result agrees with Al-Ani, Mashlah, and Al-Hafar [23] and concerning NHL and HL groups, the results were compatible with AT Ahuja et al. [24], Shahad, Taghreed, and Mohammed [4, 25], the latter in their study realized that benign lymph nodes often have irregular borders, while malignant lymph nodes typically have normal borders (including metastases and lymphoma).
Regular lymph node border of malignant lymph nodes in the US supposed that as a result of infiltrating tumor cells, which substitute malignant cells for the normal intra-nodal lymphoid tissues, resulting in an increased variation in the acoustic impedance (density) between the intra-nodal and surrounding tissues, an irregular nodal border of malignant lymph node indicate extracapsular spread, Ying. M. et al. [26], Furthermore, Okumuş, Dönmez, and Pekiner [27], despite that their study on NHL, and HL as one group (lymphoma) which showed that 60 % of malignant CLN with regular borders is not useful in the differential diagnosis.
Site of involvement
The results are compatible with Mohseni et al. [25, 28] as they found in their study that the most sites of involvement for lynphomatous CLN in lymphoma were supraclavicular, submandibular, middle cervical, lower cervical, and posterior triangle level, respectively.
Other studies found results that are different from the results of the current study, like that of Sakr [24, 29] as they mentioned that the involved CLN are commonly located at the submandibular, upper cervical, and posterior triangle levels.
Also, David et al. [30], observed that the submental, submandibular, and posterior triangle levels, the most associated lymph nodes in their study on 19 patients with malignant cervical lymphadenopathy, this may narrows the differential diagnosis to lymphoma and metastases from mouth cavity malignancies, while [22] stated that lymphomatous CLN in lymphoma most commonly found at the submandibular, and upper cervical levels, regarding to the current study there was significant percentage for submandibular and upper cervical regions involvement (30%) and (24%), respectively.
Fatty hilum
Normal lymph nodes can appear on sonography without fatty hilum (avascular) due to their smaller size [31]. The result was fatty hilum (absent) presented in lymphomatous CLN in NHL and HL patients as a (predictive clinical feature), with no difference obtained between NHL and HL groups, the result on line with Dangore, Degweka, and Bhowate [17, 32], they mentioned absent fatty hilum in lymphomatous CLN with approximately the same result. Furthermore, they mentioned that fatty hilum is important indicator to differentiate between benign and malignant lymph node and regarding normal CLN in the control group, the result was in line with the study conducted by Ying et al. [33].
Cystic necrosis
The result in this study was that cystic necrosis (present) presented in CLN of NHL patients as a (predictive clinical feature) with presented cases more than the HL and control groups, with no difference obtained between the HL and control group, but we should keep that there was a percentage of present cases in the HL group, our result agree with the study of [9, 17], and the study performed by Chae et al. [34], while [20] and Mohamed, Tamer, and Haney [35] in their studies they found the percentage of cystic necrosis (present) more than the current study.
Necrosis occurs when the tumor cells inside a lymph node outgrow their blood supply and most frequently take the form of cystic pattern within the node that shows up as echolucent patches on sonography [22], and even so the lymph node is large or normal in size, the presence of intranodal necrosis should be considered pathologic [24].
Coagulation necrosis
The results are consistent with Pattanayak et al. [34, 36] that weakness of the presents cases and coagulation necrosis is uncommon in lymphomatous CLN.
Xiaoyin et al. [37] mentioned that coagulation necrosis (infraction) takes place due to rapidly growing neoplasm and observed a few cases with coagulation necrosis especially in diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL).
Internal calcification
The results were in line with Marchiori et al. [17, 34, 38], as they stated that internal calcification, is uncommon in lymphomatous CLN.
Kachewar [39] stated that lymphomatous CLN calcification is rarely seen and the most frequent cause of internal calcifications is granulomatous infection, particularly tuberculosis (TB) and less frequent occurrences are linked to the therapy of lymphomas (radiation therapy or chemotherapy) [38].
Lymph node status in relation to the adjacent tissue (Matted/Discrete)
Matted showed as a clump of lymph nodes coalesces or adheres to nearby tissue, it is referred to as having "matted lymph nodes", these conditions can be benign (such as TB infection and sarcoidosis) or malignant (such as lymphoma and metastatic cancer) [28].
The result regarding this parameter as (matted), presented as predictive clinical feature and the most common in the involved CLN of NHL, HL, at the same time, there was evidence that it presented in the NHL more than HL groups, this result agrees with [28, 35].
Matting lymph nodes occurrences is either as a result of tumor cell infiltration or as an inflammatory reaction of adjacent tissues, it considers the characteristic of tuberculous lymph nodes, and uncommon in lymphomatous nodes [4], furthermore they mentioned that adjacent soft tissues can be invaded by malignant lymph nodes with extra capsular dissemination, which can cause tissue edema.
The parameter homogeneity (homogenous) presented with clinical evidence that it was a predictive clinical feature in involved CLN of NHL and HL groups, while there was no evidence for the difference between NHL and HL groups, this result agrees with [20, 35].
Abhishek et al. [34, 40] observed homogenous lymphomatous CLN cases more than that in the current study.
Regarding the homogeneity area, the sonographic appearance of lymph node either homogenous or heterogenous and it can appear in both benign and malignant lymph nodes, in the homogenous hypoechoic benign lymph node, the hypoechogenicity is normal lymphatic tissue, while the malignant lymph nodes with a homogeneous hypoechoic pattern could be explained by the fact that the internal structures of the lymph node are distorted by degeneration due to neoplastic cells infiltration, heterogeneous pattern in the malignant lymph nodes demonstrated to be a mixture of severe fibrosis, and degeneration necrosis Toriyabe et al. [41].
Echogenic pattern (echogenicity)
Echogenicity of the tissue refers to the capacity of the tissue to reflect or transmits the US waves in proportion to surrounding tissues, Ihnatsenka and Boezaart, so there are varied densities of soft tissue structures with different echogenicities, and thus there will be a noticeable variation in contrast to the sonogram image.
In relation to hypoechoic pattern and regarding the control group, the result is compatible with [23, 27] and regarding NHL and HL group, the result was consistent with [9, 17].
Regarding hyperechoic pattern, the result is in agreement with [9, 17, 23, 24].
The Isoechoic pattern was presented with no evidence obtained about the difference between the studied group and this result agrees with the study of [9, 35].
Finally, the reticular pattern which was presented with evidence that it was a predictive clinical feature in the involved CLN in NHL and HL patients, besides there was no difference between the NHL and HL groups, our result was in agreement with Ahuja et al. [9, 19, 21].
The study showed an increase in female patients diagnosed with HL within the study sample, while male patients were the highest registered with NHL. Furthermore, most of the patients diagnosed with NHL were at the third-forth stage at the time of diagnosis, while the most of the HL patients were at first-third stage. Gray-scale US parameters of CLN: lymph node shape (round), fatty Hilum (absent), lymph node status in relation to the adjacent tissue (matted), homogeneity (homogenous), and reticular pattern were diagnostic indicators to predict occurrence of NHL and HL, while no difference was obtained between NHL and HL groups regarding gray-scale US parameters above, with more presented matted lymph nodes in the NHL than HL group.
With respect to cystic necrosis (present) was diagnostic indicator to NHL, while it presented with fewer cases in the HL that no statistical difference was found between HL and the control group. Concerning lymph node border (regular) was the diagnostic feature in NHL group, while for the HL group; it is informative in contrast to the control group. In relation to coagulation necrosis, internal calcification, hypoechoic pattern, and isoechoic pattern presented with no difference between studied groups. Sites of involvement, the most site of the involved CLN in the NHL and HL groups were in the left supraclavicular (Virchow), submandibular, middle cervical, upper cervical, right supraclavicular, parotid, lower cervical, posterior triangle, and sub mental CLN regions. Finally, hyperechogenicity was prominent in the control group more than that in the HL and NHL groups.
The study was approved by the College of Dentistry Ethics Committee of Baghdad University (Project No. 632722). Written informed consent was obtained from participants in this study.
Authors' contributions
All authors contributed to data analysis, drafting, and revising of the paper and agreed to be responsible for all the aspects of this work.
Conflict of Interest
The author declared that they have no conflict of interest.
Ammar Jalil Sebahi
Ammar jalil sebahi, Fawaz Al-Asawad. Gray-Scale Ultrasonographic Features of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. J. Med. Chem. Sci., 2023, 6(5) 1180-1192


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Are you leaving Boulder for the summer but can't take your bike? The CU Bike Program will store it in a secure covered location for the entire summer, only for $20! Stored bikes will be available for pick-up during the first week of Fall 2024 classes. Bikes left locked to outdoor racks are often stolen and abandoned bikes are subject to impound, so take advantage of the summer storage option.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Most of us take up the practice of Tai Chi or Qigong with the intention of making a change. The goal may be to gain physical mobility, or perhaps reduce stress and calm the mind. Regardless of your initial intention, the main objective of any qigong practice is to deepen your relationship with yourself kinesthetically, emotionally, mentally, and spiritually.
Physical Embodiment
The embodiment of this practice is achieved through a deep awareness of our structural alignment and movement patterns. Through mindful movements, we slow down the body and breath and rebalance the nervous system. As we care for our physical body, the mind slows down and settles into the body and the energy begins to move down from the head to our center (lower dantian). Energy lives within the physical body and the qigong practice can be likened to cleaning your house. Your body is the vessel in which you experience life. As you deepen your practice, you will notice your current state of mind and body transform as you clear out old habitual patterns and make room for new energy.
Experience is the foundation for how we maneuver through this world. If you don't want to recreate the same experiences you've had in the past, you must practice something different! Qigong acts as the catalyst to shift old patterns. It is not a goal driven practice. In fact, you will rarely reach a goal in qigong; instead, every time you go deeper, it seems to open a new door. In qigong, there appear to be no ends, just new beginnings.
To develop a new habit requires adaptation. Adaptation involves both experience and consistent practice, which demand trust, faith, and often lots of time and patience. Studies maintain that creating a new habit can take anywhere between 20-100 days depending on the individual. Establishing a new habitual pattern takes consistency, repetition, and an open mind.
If we practice a movement repetitively, our body adapts and takes that shape. Likewise, if we think a thought over and over, that thought begins to take shape. Just as we know our body has the capability to adapt to new stimulus, neuroplasticity demonstrates we can change the pathways in our brain to release old habitual patterns. To achieve this, we must open our mind and imagination, while choosing to experience something different.
One of the most important parts of any new practice is consistency. Consistency is a requirement for optimal adaptation. If you put in 20% effort, the universe will give you 20% back. If you put in 80% you will receive 80% back. What you give is what you receive (Master Mingtong Gu). It's important to create a consistent time of day and place to practice. Clear your space of distraction and decide whether to practice in the morning or evening. Set a reasonable intention of how many days a week you will practice. When I began my qigong practice, I practiced the same routine daily for one year. I practiced a variety of other routines daily for another 2 years to obtain my 3-year medical qigong certification. I continue to teach 4 days a week with most of you, as well as maintaining my individual qigong practice every evening. Staying consistent has had profound benefits and helped me shift many old physical as well as mental/emotional patterns.
Although qigong is a physical practice, it's not a stand-alone practice. You are still responsible for eating well, hydrating, sleeping well, developing positive relationships, getting adequate sunlight, physical movement, and reducing prolonged mental / emotional stress. However, you may find that through the qigong practice, self-care become easier to accomplish.
As you practice consistently, you should find you're able to move through life's transitions with more ease and flow. You will begin to trust in the direction life leads you, as well as the direction you choose to lead life. This new frame of reference will allow you to connect more deeply within, while simultaneously enabling you to form deeper connections with others. You may find over time you are more able to relax your expectations of what "should be,†and learn to accept what "is.†As you begin to let go of resistance, there's an opening to the infinite potential available to you. As you embrace a deeper connection to the present, worry and anxiety slip away and an inner serenity begins to take shape.
To create new patterns whether physical or mental, you must first set a clear intention. Understand that this is not an expectation, but an intention. When you intend something, it may not present itself in the way you expect, hence the importance of letting go of "expectations.†Go beyond your stories, goals, beliefs and what's familiar to you. If your life is not working or has not worked to this point, try something new and different! Learn to connect beyond the "self' you've created with your past conditioning. Create the "self†you choose to be rather than letting the past choose for you. Open your imagination and allow the practice to help you manifest your creative energy. Trust the process and have faith that life is on your side. As we let go of old conditioning, we empower ourselves and energetically repattern.
Be sure to enjoy your practice. It should not be something you have to do but should be a relaxing trip inside to get to know and take care of yourself. Don't look for perfection within yourself or your practice, but instead find perfection within all your so-called imperfections. Accept what is comfortable as well as what is uncomfortable. When you enjoy your practice no matter what is happening in life around you know are on the right path.
Qigong recognizes that everything is made up of energy and energy always has the potential to change forms. Transformation occurs when we accept our past as well as our current life conditions regardless of whether they are difficult. When we accept all experiences, there is a deeper acceptance of self. It's important we accept our emotions and experiences at a cellular level. Not only the outer experiences, but also the inner emotions and reactions to our circumstances.
Life is dynamic and full of transitions. Accepting these transitions is easiest when we let go of resistance and the need to control. Are you able to let go of stress and worry no matter what your circumstances? Remove the internal challenging obstacles even if you cannot remove the external ones. The activation of energy through the qigong practice takes on a life of its own as it creates new patterns of behavior. You may shift a relationship, situation, or way of being. This change can seem scary at first, but you never know what you will find until you take that first step. There is no short cut here. As the saying goes, "Each thousand-mile journey starts with one step.â€
So, enjoy your practice with an open mind and begin to watch your life transform! I have so much gratitude for finding this practice. My life purpose is to experience it and share it with all of you. As we connect with each other and practice together, we reconnect more deeply to ourselves simultaneously.
Master Mingtong Gu
Dr Jerry Alan Johnson


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Birth Name: Finn Andersen
Occupation: Esports Player
Born In: Denmark
Birthdate: April 14, 1990
Age: 33 years old (as of 2024)
Ethnicity: Unknown
Nationality: Danish
Sexuality: N/A
Finn Andersen was born on the 14th of April, 1990. He is known for being a Esports Player. He and fellow Counter-Strike: Global Offensive player Nicolai Reedtz are both known for having played for Team Astralis. Finn Andersen's age is 33. Professional Counter-Strike: Global Offensive player who is known by the gamertag Karrigan. He has gained renown for playing as the in-game leader for the teams Fnatic, Team SoloMid, and Astralis.
The 33-year-old esports player was born in Denmark. He began his competitive gaming career playing Counter-Strike 1.6 in 2008. His first eSports team was Volt-Gaming. He won his first Major Counter-Strike: Global Offensive tournament in April 2012 as a member of Team Fnatic. Between April and June 2015, he won four consecutive 1st place finishes in Premier Global Offensive tournaments playing for Team SoloMid.
Finn Andersen is a Aries and his 34th birthday is in .
JUMP TO: Finn Andersen's biography, facts, family, personal life, zodiac, videos, net worth, and popularity.
Finn Andersen was born in 1990s. The 1990s is often remembered as a decade of peace, prosperity and the rise of the Internet (World Wide Web). In 1992 the first text message was sent, DVDs were invented, Sony PlayStation was released and Google was founded. Oh, and the Soviet Union fell and boy bands ruled the music charts. Discover what happened on this day.
Finn Andersen is part of a Millennial Generation (also known as Generation Y). Millennials is a generation who grew up with computers, internet and social networks. Having been raised under the mantra "follow your dreams" and being told they were special, they tend to be confident and tolerant of difference.
You can also find out who is Finn Andersen dating now and celebrity dating histories at CelebsCouples.
It's hard to know Finn Andersen birth time, but we do know his mother gave birth to his on a Saturday. People born on a Saturday enjoy an optimistic and positive disposition. Sometimes it takes them a while to get going, but once they're off, nothing can hold them back.
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The 33-year-old Danish was born in the Millennials Generation and the Year of the Horse
The education details are not available at this time. Please check back soon for updates.
Finn Andersen's mother's name is unknown at this time and his father's name is under review. We will continue to update information on Finn Andersen's parents.
Personal Life
Like many famous people and celebrities, Finn Andersen keeps his personal life private. Once more details are available on who he is dating, we will update this section.
Fast Facts
REAL NAME: | Finn Andersen |
NICKNAME: | Finn |
MARTIAL STATUS: | Pending |
RELIGION: | Unknown |
AGE GENERATION: | Millennials Generation |
BIRTH SIGN: | Aries |
BIRTH DAY: | Saturday |
Net Worth
The 33-year-old Danish esports player has done well thus far. Majority of Finn's money comes from being a esports player. CelebsMoney has recently updated Finn Andersen's net worth.
Zodiac Sign: Finn Andersen is a Aries. People of this zodiac sign like physical challenges, taking on leadership roles, individual sports and dislike inactivity, delays, and work that doesn't use one's talents. The strengths of this sign are being courageous, determined, confident, enthusiastic, optimistic, while weaknesses can be to be impatient, moody, short-tempered, impulsive and aggressive. The greatest overall compatibility with Aries is Libra and Leo.
Chinese Zodiac: Finn Andersen was born in the Year of the Dragon. People born under this sign are seen as warm-hearted and easygoing. Independence is one of their greatest strengths, but sometimes they're overly frank with others.
Ruling Planet: Finn Andersen has a ruling planet of Mars and has a ruling planet of Mars and by astrological associations Tuesday is ruled by Mars. This planet symbolizes the principle of assertive drive and energy. People who are born with Mars as the ruling planet have huge drive, aggression and commpetitiveness.
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Finn Andersen's birth sign is Aries and he has a ruling planet of Mars.
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– Who's the richest Esports Player in the world?
– Finn Andersen Net Worth Stats
– When is Finn Andersen's birthday?
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Fact Check: We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us. This page is updated often with new details about Finn Andersen. Bookmark this page and come back often for updates.


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Hayden Panettiere Receives Letters From Derek Hough, Husband Doesn't Mind?
Hayden Panettiere is still in rehab, but that doesn't mean that she is feeling lonely! The Nashville star has been receiving frequent letters from her co-sar Derek Hough, who has been very concerned about her well being. The fact that her husband, Wladimir Klitschko, does not mind shows just how strong their marriage is.
"Hayden Panettiere has supposedly been receiving letters from her Nashville co-star Derek Hough while she seeks help for postpartum depression," reports Belfast Telegraph. "Hayden is said to be staying in a Utah facility as she seeks help for the second time for her battle with postpartum depression, after the birth of her first child, daughter Kaya."
.@derekhough says he's "absolutely" hoping to return to @DancingABC: https://t.co/OJOpdGuxpo pic.twitter.com/WMDYZeEege
— Access Hollywood (@accesshollywood) June 4, 2016
"He thinks she's a really great person," an insider said according to the same source. "They bonded while filming, and he wants to let her know that he cares. He's got a soft spot for her, and he doesn't like seeing her go through this. She needs all the encouragement she can get, and it brightens up her day to hear from Derek. She couldn't be more grateful for his friendship."
But it sounds like if Derek gets a little too close to her when she is in such a vulnerable state, he might jeopardize Hayden's relationship with her husband. Let's hope that Nashville actors know what they are doing.
Just recently, Hayden Panettiere decided to return to rehab to continue treating her postpartum depression, which surprised everyone. The fact that a big Hollywood actress has stepped out with a taboo issue like that has made her gain respect from the public.
"Hayden Panettiere, star of ABC's now-canceled drama Nashville, announced she was re-entering rehab to treat postpartum depression after initial treatment in October," reports Vice. "Panettiere, who has spoken publicly about living with the condition, said she needed to treat her illness 'holistically,' rather than rely on 'unhealthy coping mechanisms.'"
Hayden Panettiere wrote about it on her Twitter.
"The postpartum depression I have been experiencing has impacted every aspect of my life. Rather than stay stuck due to unhealthy coping mechanisms I have chosen to take time to reflect holistically on my health and life. Wish me luck!"
Some have speculated that her second onset of depression may have been triggered by the fact that Nashville has been cancelled, effectively putting her and other actors like Derek Hough out of work.
But it looks like the producers and creators are doing their best to find a new network home for the excellent show.
"We're looking for a new home. We never give up on a great show," Lionsgate television group chairman Kevin Beggs wrote in an email to staff.
Many publications have admitted just how important the show has been in influencing the public about avoided subjects like postpartum depression.
"As 'Nashville' ends, it leaves behind a mixed legacy as a series, but it should be remembered as a forerunner in its willingness to address an issue that affects so many women annually," reports Los Angeles Times. "For all the show may have gotten right or wrong in its depiction of postpartum depression, what matters is that it, and more shows like it, are willing to have the conversation at all."
With a super supportive husband like Wladimir Klitschko, and a beautiful baby girl by her side, Hayden Panettiere will be able to fight off her depression in no time.
The loves of my life ?? @Klitschko pic.twitter.com/MwpUKRxS4w
— Hayden Panettiere (@haydenpanettier) March 5, 2016
That doesn't mean that she wasn't worried at first about coming out with her mental illness.
"I was always so terrified that people weren't going to accept me," the 26-year-old actress said in the interview with Yahoo! Style. "I finally just went, I'm tired of living afraid. I'm tired of living in fear of what people are going to think, so, you know, I'm just going to put it all out there on the table and I'm not going to worry about the judgment."
When Hayden comes out of rehab, do you think she will start campaigning hard for her show to come back? Let me know in the comments below!
[Photo by Mike Windle/Getty Images]


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Often what our customers think of as a complex move is an everyday job for the professional movers at ITS Global Relocation Services. The recent move we completed for Charles was a bit more complicated, having moved household goods from a Portland condo into four separate homes across the country.
Read MoreITS Global Relocation is a local small-business with deep roots in the Portland community - with nearly 100 years in business! As such, we take great pride in the quality of our service and are always eager to hear the honest feedback of our valued customers.
Read MoreSubscribe to ITS Global Relocation Services's Blog


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Second paragraph of the third chapter of the first story:
"If he's so keen to find these fireballs," Mattias grumbled, "Why isn't the Doctor with us?"
Four stories from the Eleventh Doctor's climactic centuries of battle against the bad guys on Trenzalore, each bringing back a classic era monster. The first one, where Justin Richards (who is excellent when, as here, he is on form) brings in the Ice Warriors, is the best; Paul Finch does well with a Krynoid too. Less convinced by George Mann's Autons or Mark Morris's Mara.


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Of needle, thimble and thread – Michelle Yeo
by Michelle Yeo.
In this book, Australian artist Michelle Yeo treats us to seventeen gorgeous traditional projects perfectly suited to all lovers of antique quilts.
English style medallion, delicate appliqué and spectacular pieced quilts are featured here. They require some quilting experience though…
236 pages / Book in English and French / Ref. : ONT
17 projects
- Additional information
- Detailed description
Additional information
Weight | 1 kg |


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How this Canada Games athlete will juggle gymnastics and hockey in the same week
Ryan Dwyer will be one of the busiest athletes at the Canada Games, competing in gymnastics and men's hockey in the same week.
The two sports were supposed to be on different weeks while the 2023 Winter Canada Games take place in P.E.I., but the 15-year-old decided he still wanted to move ahead when those schedules changed.
"Everything kind of worked out, so that's good," Dwyer said. "Unfortunately, I have to miss one hockey game. But it's cool that I get to do both still.
It's been a lot of juggling schedules, but my coaches have been supportive...it's been busy
— Ryan Dwyer, competing in men's hockey and gymnastics
"It's been a lot of juggling schedules, but my coaches have been supportive, and if I have to miss something, they're totally on board. So, it's busy."
Dwyer's mother, Louise, said busy is definitely the best way to describe it.
"I think it wasn't so much of a decision, it was just a continuous journey for him," she said.
"He started both sports at the age of four, and it just rolled from there."
Family connections
Ryan's love of both sports comes from his parents.
"I was a gymnast when I was younger, and so he started here in the pre-K program and loved it and he just continued," Louise Dwyer said.
His father Gordie Dwyer played in the NHL, and is now the coach and general manager of the Acadie-Bathurst Titan of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League.
He also coached the Summerside Western Capitals, the P.E.I. Rocket and the Charlottetown Islanders.
"He has been lucky with the support of so many coaches on his side," Louise Dwyer said.
"Especially with gymnastics, because it's not a team sport, he's had a little bit more leeway as far as his schedule goes ... Hockey's a bit more difficult, of course."
'A lot of compromise'
C.J. Keliher, coach of the men's artistic gymnastics team for the 2023 Canada Winter Games, said the coaches have also had to do some juggling.
"When I did find out that they were going to land on the same week, I certainly had a bit of a moment of panic," Keliher said.
"But I figured if someone could do it, Ryan would probably be the best candidate.
"I think it's taken a lot of compromise ... It's been a collaborative effort, and really pretty seamless."
Keliher said both coaches had to agree to Dwyer's schedule during the Games. He'll miss one session of gymnastics training for a hockey game, and one hockey game for the team gymnastics competition.
And if it comes down to it, hockey will take precedence.
He is certainly a leader by example in that he is a very hard worker. He always gets his work done
—C.J. Keliher, men's artistic gymnastics coach
"If his hockey team is in a playoff situation, then he's going to have to miss out on individual all around finals if he does qualify for that," Keliher said.
"He understands, and I understand, and we accept that ... we're just pleased to be able to do something so supportive of Ryan and for him to be able to achieve something so incredible."
Keliher said any concessions have been worth it.
"He is certainly a leader by example in that he is a very hard worker. He always gets his work done," Keliher said.
"He knows that he doesn't have as much time in the gym as some of the other guys because he has to accommodate his hockey schedule as well. So when he's in the gym, he's working that much harder to make sure that he gets his work done."
Team P.E.I. men's hockey head coach Luke Beck has coached Dwyer for years.
"We're going to lose Ryan for one of our games, which is obviously a big loss for our team. He's a really good player," Beck said.
"But it was an easy decision for us. We fully support Ryan in having the opportunity to do both these things, let alone do it at home, it was a no-brainer for us."
In the end, Dwyer didn't have to miss that hockey game on Monday night. As soon as he finished the team gymnastics competition in Stratford, he was driven to Summerside, arriving in time for the second period.
'Unique combination'
Keliher said he believes Ryan is also making Canada Games history.
"I don't know, but I would bet a lot of push-ups that no one has done hockey and gymnastics," he said.
"I am not a Canada Games trivia aficionado but I'm pretty confident that hockey and gymnastics is a very unique combination."
As for Dwyer's future, the family will talk about that after the Canada Games.
"We thought he would have to make this decision probably five years ago, but it just kept going, and we've been really incredibly lucky," Louise Dwyer said.
"I think next year will be a big year for him. It's his draft year, so we'll see what happens there, and make a decision next year."
A spokesperson for the Canada Games Council said there was a long-time rule prohibiting athletes from competing in multiple sports in the same week, but it's no longer in place for the 2023 Canada Games.


text: Linda and Tony are absolutely superb sitters. They looked after our young Goldie and two cats for three weeks while we toured Ireland in our motorhome. We were very lucky to get them when we did. They are an extremely pleasant couple with a totally professional approach while at the same being relaxed and making us feel very comfortable. Communication was perfect from beginning to end. From the moment they arrived we could tell our pets were in safe and loving hands. They kept us updated with pictures and videos which was really reassuring. Unfortunately due to hospitalisation shortly before our planned trip to France I was warned not to travel, but Linda and Tony came as arranged and became our 'carers' for two days before I felt strong enough to embark on a trip around Ireland instead of France. Linda cooked for us including an amazing roast beef 'Sunday dinner' before we left. They are a very organised couple who take on board the homeowners preferences without question. Our big Goldie was delighted to see us but after Linda and Tony left we could clearly see he missed them. The house was sparkling with all linen washed and dried. The garden and houseplants never looked better. So nice to come home to. What more is there to say? Only if you get an opportunity to avail of their services grab it. You won't find better. And we have loads of super sitters. We'd welcome them back any chance we can.


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A-go-go Sentence Examples
One might be your secretary, your doctor's receptionist, or a dancer in a go-go club!
The topless trend kicked off in the mid-1960s when a go-go dancer at a San Francisco strip club performed in Rudi Gernreich's topless bathing suit without getting arrested.
The 24-hour Hash House a Go Go restaurant offers "twisted farm food" for breakfast, lunch and dinner, including a particularly impressive fried chicken and sage waffles dish.


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Sat, Nov 27
|The Bug Theatre
The Grawlix Home For The Holidays Extravaganza '21: Toscani, Walker & More!
Join us for the next Grawlix show on November 27th—a Home for the Holidays Extravaganza! You never know who might drop in on these annual Thanksgiving throwdowns, but one thing's for sure—ALL THREE GRAWLIX MEMBERS WILL BE THERE THIS MONTH. The way god intended.
Time & Location
Nov 27, 2021, 8:00 PM
The Bug Theatre, 3654 Navajo St, Denver, CO 80211, USA
About The Event
Join us for the next Grawlix show on November 27th—a Home for the Holidays Extravaganza! You never know who might drop in on these annual Thanksgiving throwdowns, but one thing's for sure—ALL THREE GRAWLIX MEMBERS WILL BE THERE THIS MONTH. The way god intended. Announced guests who will be joining Adam, Andrew AND Ben on stage are…
Troy Walker
Comedian Troy Walker began performing stand-up in the Denver comedy scene, where he quickly rose to prominence and was twice named winner of the "New Faces" contest at the famed Comedy Works Comedy Club. Troy now lives in Los Angeles, and made his TV Debut on THE LATE LATE SHOW WITH CRAIG FERGUSON. Troy has quickly become a comedy festival regular, having performed at The Aspen Rooftop Comedy Festival, Austin's Moontower Comedy Festival, Nebraska's Great American Comedy Festival, The Laughing Skull Comedy Festival, Bridgetown Comedy Festival, the Telluride Comedy Festival, and as a "New Face" at the Just for Laughs Festival in Montreal. After witnessing his storytelling abilities and commanding presence on stage, it should come as no surprise that he is also a licensed attorney who graduated from the University of Denver's Sturm College of Law.
Zak Toscani
Zak Toscani is a stand-up comedian, writer, and actor living in Los Angeles. Zak started comedy in Portland, OR but has since taken him across the U/S/ and even into Canada once! Zak has performed at The Bumbershoot Music & Arts Festival, Bridgetown Comedy Festival, and High Plains Comedy Festival. With a focus on originality and vulnerability, Zak's comedy has been highlighted by Splitsider, Paste, and The Portland Mercury. Zak is also a founder of Faded comedy, which is a weekly stand-up showcase in Los Angeles that, in less than a year, has become one of the best shows in Los Angeles. Faded recently expanded as a monthly show in Denver. As a writer, Zak's work has been featured by The Washington Post, BBC, Newsweek, Buzzfeed, and Vice. He was even on the front page of CNN and TIME at one point. That's actually fucking true. Their websites though. Not the magazine covers.
Advance tickets (while they last) are just $15. If we still have them, tickets at the door will be $20. Doors at 7:30; Show at 8:00
The Grawlix is the comedy super group comprised of Adam Cayton-Holland, Ben Roy, and Andrew Orvedahl. Their live show combines their excellent stand-up with live sketches and video components. Formed in 2010, The Grawlix rapidly took off, outgrowing several venues before settling down in Denver's historic Bug Theater. The Grawlix take the Bug stage at 8:00pm on the last Saturday of every month! Learn more at www.thegrawlix.com!


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Photo: mofles - Getty Images
Drug trafficking warehouse
When domestic marijuana becomes legal, what happens to the black market of illegally imported weed? The answer has been a question mark for decades simply for lack of real-world attempts to legalize cannabis. Opponents of legalization prophesied that the black market would flourish because the drug there, free from taxation and the costs inherent to running a licit business, would always be cheaper than legal weed. For the first time, the federal government released information on the true fate of the black market in a country where most states have some form of legal pot.
"In U.S. markets, Mexican marijuana has largely been supplanted by domestic-produced marijuana," one can read in the newest report by the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), in the first-ever admission that marijuana legalization plainly works. "The national landscape continues to evolve as states enact voter referenda and legislation regarding the possession, use, and cultivation of marijuana and its associated products," the report continues, clearly indicating the causal relationship between legalization and the quiet death of the black market.
Reasons why illicit imported marijuana is failing to attract American consumers are numerous, but convenience is a leading factor. To get illegal imported weed, one needs access to a drug dealer, which eliminates a large pool of potential customers, in particular middle-aged and older Americans. These people might be curious and willing to purchase a legal marijuana-infused product at a local store but not willing to seek out what could be a dangerous transaction with a criminal.
A Gallup survey shows that only one-third of Americans had tried marijuana 10 years ago, and now, after a decade of successful legalization movements, half of the population has tried it. By Gallup's numbers, the number of Americans born before 1946, whom they call "traditionalists", who have tried marijuana at least once doubled between 2015 and 2021. It is safe to assume most of these people would never have tried weed if it were still illegal in their state.
The importance of safety cannot be understated, either. Most people are averse to committing crimes. Knowing that half-a-million Americans are arrested every single year for minor, non-violent possession of marijuana, many people would be afraid of being found in possession of the drug, even if they personally have no problem with the idea of being high. Additionally, the marijuana itself, the product being ingested, is far safer when purchased at a legal retail location rather from than a trafficker with no oversight and with a large incentive to temper the marijuana for profit.
The Story Told by Border Patrol Data
Since the mid-1900s, when the all-American crop cannabis was nicknamed "marihuana" by Prohibition enforcers to artificially associate it with Mexicans and use racial fears to ban it, marijuana has been unfairly associated with Mexico. It should not come as a surprise when, out of the two countries bordering the mainland United States, only the less-white southern neighbor is a source of fear and wild rumors surrounding the border. Former President Donald Trump even made it a central campaign promise, promising to build a great wall on the Mexican border to interrupt, among other things, the influx of drugs into the U.S., mainly marijuana.
Drug seizure data from the United States Customs and Border Protection agency was providing similar information to what the DEA now admits, although Border Protection did not point out the legalization movement as the explicit cause of it. Marijuana is, by far, the most commonly seized substance crossing into the country illegally. In 2014, there were almost two million pounds of marijuana seized by border patrol agents. That same year, all the other substances combined did not total 10,000 pounds. In 2020, that number was down from two million pounds to just 250,000 pounds of marijuana.
Between October 2021 and April 2022, there were barely more than 75,000 pounds of marijuana seized at the border, making FY2022 the least active year on record in terms of illegal marijuana entering the United States. But at the same time, other drugs have been gaining traction. Methamphetamine, for instance, represented a very small percentage of drug seizures in the past, with just 4,000 pounds of it seized in 2014. In 2021, there were more than 190,000 pounds of meth caught by the border patrol.
More seriously, neither fentanyl (a synthetic opioid) nor khat (a stimulant, chewable plant) were even counted by the DEA in previous years because the import of both substances was extremely rare. Now, there has been more khat seized at the border in 2022 than marijuana. In 2021, border patrol caught more than 200,000 pounds of illicit khat. Fentanyl used to be extremely difficult to create, but technological improvement made its manufacture easy and cheap enough to introduce tens of thousands of pounds of it in the U.S. every year. While fentanyl doesn't seem like a big deal in terms of weight, that is because it is deadly at minuscule doses. The DEA says that fentanyl is 50 times stronger than heroin, and they claim that overdose deaths linked to it were multiplied by 12 between 2013 and 2019.
As marijuana trafficking was divided by 10 in as many years, criminal organizations relying on drug revenue were literally starved to the brink of collapse thanks to marijuana legalization in the U.S. The marijuana that is still being carried across the border nowadays is destined to the few states—among whom is Wisconsin—who still refuse to legalize cannabis. The reason why fentanyl, meth and khat are becoming central products trafficked by criminal organizations is the need for new avenues of income, now that marijuana has become all but unprofitable.
In fact, Wisconsin's own Rep. Glenn Grothman, crowned "worst politician in Wisconsin" by marijuana activist organization NORML, has come forward with the very same conclusion. "As marijuana becomes legalized in the country, it is no longer profitable to bring marijuana across the southern border," Rep. Grothman said in an address to Congress. "Well, if the Mexican drug cartels cannot make money selling marijuana or bringing marijuana across the border, how are they going to make it up? They are going to make it up by bringing more and more dangerous drugs—meth, cocaine, heroin, but above all, fentanyl. They are going to bring more and more fentanyl across the southern border."
That is, indeed, true. But, unlike what Grothman wants, the solution is not to keep marijuana illegal in order to keep the cartels wealthy and well-fed. Now that these organizations have fully developed their ability to manufacture their own fentanyl, they will keep sending it to the U.S., even if marijuana were somehow re-criminalized. Instead, as we have proved with the marijuana legalization experiment, carefully crafted laws can and do starve drug traffickers. In 2021, marijuana was still the top drug trafficked across the southern border, although it's second to khat in 2022 so far. By federally legalizing marijuana, the U.S. would deal a major hit to drug traffickers; and by extending a science-based, fact-minded, reform approach to other drugs, in particular khat, we could collectively bring criminal organizations to their knees.


text: Pianeta publishing company, since the very beginning back in 1983, showed an interest for the exhibition trade. Maybe because of the specific disposition of the founder, Giovanni Paparo, instead of limiting to a single field they decided to cover the wide spectrum of manufacturing activities: what's more colourful than the exhibition trade? It was not by chance that in June 1988 the name PRISMA was chosen for the first issue of the magazine which, over the years, reinforced more and more its ties with the world of trade shows and congresses and it became a real milestone for the trade. Such an interest in trade fairs brought Pianeta to create and run the world's most complete and up-to-date database about trade shows, from which the well known GMF - Int. Trade Show Directory originates (formerly 'Fiere ed Esposizioni in tutto il Mondo'), a leading publication by the number of fairs reviewed and the amount of information offered. Since 1999 the products of the publishing company no longer restrict to printed matter and, following the developement of the new media, the Expofairs.com portal is introduced. In little time the portal experiences a significant growth in the number of visits, thanks to its completeness and ease of use. In 2002 Pianeta launches SFI - Exhibition-Congress System Italy, a supplement of PRISMA magazine that publishes the Italian trade show calendar of the relevant period of time, extensive lists of companies offering services for trade fairs and congresses and many in-depth features on specific topics. With the aim of further improving the information available to the trade professionals, Pianeta focuses its efforts on the news section of the portal and on the enlargement and refinement of the suppliers database.


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Judge sentences man for fatal DWI crash near Old Town
[anvplayer video="5130239″ station="998122″]
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. — A judge sentenced a man Tuesday to seven years behind bars for hitting and killing a pedestrian near Old Town last August.
The crash happened near Central and Rio Grande. Video from the City of Albuquerque's Real Time Crime Center reportedly showed Sandoval's car "driving on top of the sidewalk on the north side of Central," then striking a pedestrian at a bus stop.
The pedestrian died at the scene.
Court documents allege Sandoval removed the license plate from his car and left the scene. Then, he reportedly returned with his parents.
The investigators wrote, "Jonathan had bloodshot watery eyes and I could smell that he had an odor of alcohol." They say Sandoval also failed a field sobriety test.
In May, he pleaded guilty to DWI vehicular homicide. As a part of his plea agreement, Sandoval will also be on probation for five years after he gets out of jail.


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Prince and David Bowie Honored in Sydney.
It's a new year in Australia, and Sydney celebrated with the biggest firework display the city has ever seen. This year the theme included honouring Prince, Gene Wilder, and David Bowie. Co-producer Catherine Flanagan revealed that they...
- Posted December 31, 2016


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As global leaders meet for COP 26, DACS and Articheck have today published a briefing that outlines six actions governments can enable the cultural sector to collectively take across the world to make the arts and cultural institutions more sustainable.
3 November 2021
DACS, along with a coalition of other arts organisations, have today launched a report to government outlining how the Smart Fund could generate between £250-300 million a year to better support visual artists and the wider cultural industries.
29 September 2021
Following the release of The Manifesto for Artists earlier this year, DACS has today joined a coalition of arts industry organisations supporting The Smart Fund campaign.
28 June 2021
After much deliberation the UK government has announced that this country's new Anti-Money Laundering Regulations, which came into full force on 10 June 2021, will not apply to artists.
11 June 2021
As we emerge from the pandemic, the debate about how to regenerate our local communities and resurrect the high street has become even more pressing. By making vacant spaces available to artists within local communities, DACS' programme will create new ways to imagine and use retail, commercial and public spaces, to enliven our high streets and to engage local people in creativity. We will employ artists to reimagine and rebuild our future.
10 May 2021
Originally derived from European law, the Artist's Resale Right is a royalty that provides fair and essential income for artists and artists' estates when their work is resold through a gallerist, art dealer or auction house. Since the Artist's Resale Right legislation became law in the UK in 2006, DACS has paid out over £95 million in Resale Right royalties to artists.
26 April 2021
Get DACS news, press releases and upcoming events direct to your inbox. Privacy Policy
Established by artists for artists, DACS is a not-for-profit visual artists' rights management organisation.
DACS 33 Old Bethnal Green Road London E2 6AA
Copyright © 2023. All Rights Reserved. The Design and Artists Copyright Society is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales under company number 1780482. Registered office: 33 Old Bethnal Green Road, London, E2 6AA, England.


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A Cornwall primary school is already implementing a "swift" improvement plan as it was rated 'Inadequate' in its latest Ofsted report.
Landewednack Community Primary School, which is Britain's most southerly school, situated on the Lizard peninsula, has received an overall rating of 'Inadequate' after a visit from Ofsted inspectors on October 7 and 8.
The report has been released by the watchdog and the trust behind the school, and 19 others in the area, says staff have already drawn up an improvement plan which it is implementing across all areas highlighted by inspectors.
Read more:Cornwall's unluckiest dog can't find a home and is let down AGAIN
Landewednack Community Primary School received 'Inadequate' overall effectiveness for the following categories; the quality of education, leadership and management and early years provision.
It received 'requires improvement' for the behaviour and attitudes category and early years provision.
Among some of the comments made in the report were that "staff do not expect enough of pupils" and that "staff have not created a sense of urgency about learning". It was also deemed that the early years provision needed to be improved "as a matter of urgency".
The report said that the provision, which caters for children from birth until age five "is poor" with the activities offered not reflecting the needs and interests of the children or promoting effective learning.
It was however found that the arrangements made across the school for safeguarding are effective and that pupils are both safe and that staff know them "particularly well".
It said: "Leaders have established clear policies and processes that underpin safeguarding practice."
The four points that the school needs to improve following the report are:
Leaders need to improve the impact of teachers' practice so that pupils learn more and remember more of the curriculum.
Leaders need to embed a systematic approach to teaching phonics. This should include ensuring that pupils who are early readers have access to books that they can read on their own.
Leaders need to develop their intent, and improve the implementation, of the early years curriculum as a matter of urgency
Local leaders should improve the quality of monitoring to be better informed about provision. In turn, clear systems of accountability should be used to raise expectations and improve outcomes for pupils.
A spokesperson for Southerly Point Co-operative Multi-Academy Trust issued a statement saying that the report highlighted some very positive areas despite being graded as 'Inadequate'.
It said: "There are some very positive areas – for instance, inspectors praised Landewednack as a "family-oriented school", recognised the contribution the school makes to the local community and says that staff are "very caring".
"However, it also says that the school needs to make improvements across several areas, including around the curriculum and early years provision. The school, supported by the academy trust, has already drawn up and is implementing a rapid improvement plan to take swift effective action across all areas highlighted by inspectors.
Louise Jones, executive headteacher at Landewednack Community Primary School, said: "We are of course disappointed by the Ofsted outcome but accept that we need to make improvements to the school so that it can be as good as we all want it to be.
"Our number one priority is implementing all areas of the action plan so that progress is made as quickly as possible, and my team and I are working as hard as we can every day to achieve this.
"I would like to thank our school community for their support during this period and we will be working closely with staff, parents and pupils as we move forward."
The trust is also celebrating a positive inspection for Helston Community College which was once again rated "good" by the watchdog.
Get the best stories about the things you love most curated by us and delivered to your inbox every day. Choose what you lovehere.
Read more Cornwall news:
Locals' fight to save town that could be under water within decades


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- Home
- Departments
- Library
- Library of Things
- Video Games
Video Games
From the newest releases to the classics of old, the Reuben Hoar Library video game library of things collection has everything you might need to play those games!
This collection includes:
Nintendo Entertainment System Classic
From your first Goomba stomp to your thousandth victory in Final Fantasy, the Nintendo Entertainment System may just be the most nostalgic gaming console ever. And now, a new, miniaturized version is here, with 30 of the all-time greatest games, including The Legend of Zelda, Super Mario Brothers 3, and Mega Man 2. Just plug it in and play.
When you borrow this, you'll take home: 1 NES Classic, 2 NES remotes, 2 wireless remote receivers, AC adapter and cord, HDMI cable.
Nintendo Switch
Introducing Nintendo Switch, the new home video game system from Nintendo! In addition to providing single and multiplayer thrills at home, the Nintendo Switch system can be taken on the go so players can enjoy a full home console experience anytime, anywhere. The mobility of a handheld is now added to the power of a home gaming system, with unprecedented new play styles brought to life by the two new Joy-Con controllers.
When you borrow this, you'll take home: 1 Switch console, 2 Joy-Con controllers and wrist straps, 1 Joy-Con grip, 1 Switch dock, 1 HDMI cable, 1 power cord.
PlayStation 5
The PS5 console unleashes new gaming possibilities that you never anticipated. Experience lightning-fast loading with an ultra-high speed SSD, deeper immersion with support for haptic feedback, adaptive triggers, 3D Audio, and an all-new generation of incredible PlayStation games.
When you borrow this, you'll take home: 1 PlayStation 5 console, 2 DualSense remotes, PS5 stand, USB cable, power cable, HDMI cable, quick start guide, safety guide.
Xbox Series X
Xbox Series X, the fastest, most powerful Xbox ever. Explore rich new worlds with 12 teraflops of raw graphic processing power, DirectX ray tracing, a custom SSD, and 4K gaming. Make the most of every gaming minute with Quick Resume, lightning-fast load times, and gameplay of up to 120 FPS-all powered by Xbox Velocity Architecture. Enjoy thousands of games from four generations of Xbox, with hundreds of optimized titles that look and play better than ever.
When you borrow this, you'll take home: 1 Xbox Series X console, 2 Xbox controllers, power cord, HDMI cable, setup pamphlet.


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Cold Steel Code 4 Clip Point Satin S35VN Gunmetal Gray Aluminum Folder 58PC
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The Cold Steel Code 4 Clip Point is a full size folding knife built for everyday carry and serious use. The handles are made from anodized 6061 aluminum for lightweight durability and offer a slim profile for discreet carry. The hollow ground blade offers a high level of slicing performance with solid strength for heavier tasks. The Tri-Ad back lock, dual thumb studs and clips make the Code 4 fully ambidextrous and a perfect choice for anyone who needs a robust and reliable hard use cutting tool. This version comes with a satin finished clip blade and gunmetal gray handles.
Brand new, direct from Cold Steel.
Blade: The satin finished, S35VN blade offer balanced performance with excellent slicing and piercing thanks to a razor sharp hollow grind and clip point swedge. The full thickness spine delivers good strength for heavy use and houses the threaded thumb stud opener that can be adjusted for right or left-handed users.
Handle: Slim, lightweight 6061 aluminum handles house the blade and Tri-Ad back lock mechanism. The handle scales and back spacer are finished in a warm, handsome gunmetal gray that delivers a classy and discreet look. The self adjusting Tri-Ad lock is rock solid, reliable and operates just like a classic back lock for ease of operation.
Carries via tip-up stainless steel pocket clips, left or right-handed.
CPM-S35VN: A modified version of S30V designed for improved toughness over and easier machining and polish. Toughness is improved roughly 15-20%, with a slight decrease in wear resistance (edge retention). Corrosion resistance is also lightly higher, close to AISI 420. S35VN is a well-balanced steel for daily use.
Tri-Ad Lock: The Tri-Ad lock system functions like any back lock: pushing down on a lock bar spring in the handle releases the blade. It differs by adding a stop pin between the blade tang and lock bar. This pin handles any pressure put on the knife and allows the spring to self adjust over time, resulting in a rock solid lock that can handle an absurd amount of weight in lock strength tests.
Overall Length | 8.56" |
Blade Length | 3.59" |
Sharpened Length | 3.34" |
Blade Thickness | 0.13" |
Blade Material | CPM-S35VN |
Blade Type | Stainless |
Opening Mechanism | Manual |
Lock | Lock Back |
Closed Length | 5.06" |
Handle Thickness | 0.36" |
Handle Material | Aluminum |
Clip | Stainless Steel |
Weight | 4.23 oz. |
Country of Manufacture | Taiwan |