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December 28, 2003 | Front Page Magazine
Symposium: Militant Islam vs. Turkey
Why has Turkey become a target of Islamists' Holy Jihad? Joining Frontpage Symposium to discuss this issue with us today, we are joined by:
Ersel Aydinli, an assistant professor of international relations at Bilkent University in Ankara and a former counter-terrorism officer with the Turkish National Police. He has a forthcoming book edited with James Rosenau, Paradigms in Transition: Globalization, Security and the Nation State (SUNY Press, 2004);
Ali Koknar, the owner of AMK Risk Management, a private security consultancy with offices in Washington, DC and Turkey, specializing in counter-terrorism and international organized crime, and providing risk assessment and security services for business involved in the Middle East, Balkans, the Caucasus, Central Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Ali contributed to the Turkish portion of Combating Terrorism: Strategies of Ten Countries, a book edited by Prof. Yonah Alexander Director of the Counterterrorism Center at the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies in Washington, DC, with an introduction by former DCI, Jim Woolsey, and published by the University of Michigan Press;
Gerald Robbins, an Associate Scholar with the Philadelphia-based Foreign Policy Research Institute. He just returned from a visit to Turkey;
and Walid Phares, a Professor of Middle East Studies and Religious Conflict and a Terrorism expert with MSNBC.
FrontPage: Welcome to Frontpage Symposium gentlemen. Why are Islamic militants targeting Turkey in their latest terrorist attacks?
Koknar: Let us clarify our terms of reference before we address that question: Terrorists who profess to be Muslim, but are declared otherwise by mainstream Muslim theologians, on account of their acts which violate the fundamental tenets of Islam, are attacking Turkey. Those terrorists are attacking Turkey for a number of reasons some of which have not changed in the last two decades. First and foremost, Turkey, as the ONLY functioning multiparty parliamentary democracy under constitutionally protected secularism in a majority Muslim country, is a manifest denial of the perverted version of Islam which these terrorists are advocating. They need to make sure that the Turkish way of peaceful coexistence and tolerance of other religions, particularly of Judaism, which has been practiced for the last 500 years, ends. The terrorists are attempting to drive a wedge between the Turkish people and their legitimately elected government which maintains the Turkish national policy of strategic partnership with the United States and strategic alliance with Israel. They are trying to make this policy as costly for Turkey as possible.
It should also be emphasized that, while Turkey disallowed the transiting of the 4th Infantry Division via its territory in order to open the Northern Front in Iraq, it engaged in a number of activities, such as allowing the use of its airspace by Coalition aircraft and guided missiles, access via Turkey into Northern Iraq for US Special Forces and intelligence operatives, the logistic supply and medial/casualty evacuation of the aforementioned–which resulted in at least 1 US Special Forces NCO's life being saved after WIA in N.Iraq. Turkey also hosted Coalition aircraft making emergency landings at not only the joint US-Turkish Incirlik AFB, but at Turkish airbases close to Iraq, which evidence Turkey's collaboration with the US against Saddam's regime.
Robbins: There are varying theories.I believe that the most plausible one regards what Turkey represents to the Muslim world – a successful experiment in democratic secularism. This is anathema to Islamic fundamentalism's agenda, in which religious tolerance (the synagogue bombings) and Westernization (targeting Britain's diplomatic and commercial interests, namely due to London active role in Iraq and overall battle against Islamic extremism) are fair game. Such blasphemy trumped Turkey's non-committal stance towards Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Aydinli: I agree with the assertion that the biggest reason for Turkey being targeted has a lot to do with what Turkey presents as a political, sociological and cultural entity in this part of the world. As we all know, one of the largest goals of terrorism is to magnify the natural differences among the societies and groups so that the majority moderates who are generally builders and legitimizers of peace and stability would be forced to take a side along the lines of the radicals and radical ideas. From this perspective then, the bridging, uniting, and stabilizing image and mission of Turkey, which has even been multiplied by the existence of an Islamic-based government, is in complete opposition to the rhetoric, strategies and ultimate goals of Al Qaida-type radical Islamists organizations, including its well-connected local versions in Turkey. Obviously, these attacks are also an effort to put the Turkish government in a difficult position with its supposed hard-core constituency.
Phares: The international Jihadist movement, at the centre of which you have al-Qaida, considers the Turkish republican and secular institutions as one of their major enemies. Remember the words of Bin Laden in his November 2001 first video aired on al-Jazeera. He said the Muslim world was living in decline for over 80 years. What he meant was the abolishing of the Caliphate by the founder of the Turkish modern Republic, Mustapha Kemal Ataturk. Hence, and in many writings by Jihadists around the world, the Turkish regime and institutions are made historically responsible for the disaster that struck the Muslim world as of the mid 1920s. In short, Turkey as political entity is a fundamental target in the eyes of the Jihadists worldwide. Ultimately the Turkish republic is to be dismantled at the hands of the Islamists. That is not a secret. However, till recently, Turkey was not a prime target on the Jihadist world calendar. The strikes in Istanbul, preceded by the attack against the Consulate in Baghdad are signaling a change in al-Qaida's battlefield priorities.
Per my analysis, al-Qaida's estimate is that Turkey's situation is ripe for explosion. In the mid 1990s, the Government of Prime Minster Najm ed din Arbakan introduced a brand of Islamism into the institutions of the Republic. Although the Army and the hard-core secularists managed to bring that cabinet down, the Islamist current continued to grow. Al-Qaida watched that growth and waited for the right time. After 9/11 and particularly after the removal of the Saddam Hussein regime, the al-Qaida plan was to inflame the whole region and corner pro-US Government into making a choice. That is the case in Saudi Arabia and in Turkey. The recent al-Qaida attacks in these two countries, and particularly in Istanbul are about creating a wedge inside the Turkish society between Fundamentalists and secularists. Typical Jihadist strategy.
FP: Will Prime Minister Erdogan's Islamist background short-circuit his
government's full commitment to the battle against fundamentalist terrorism?
Koknar: Quite the contrary. Prime Minister Erdogan's Islamist background burdens him to project an especially tough stance on so-called "fundamentalist terrorism". Given the overwhelming majority vote which elected this government to office, they have an opportunity, unprecedented in recent Turkish political history, to take radical decisions without having to make compromises in parliament. If anything, their Islamist background, providing them with more insight into those who claim to come from a similar background, should help them tackle Turkey's renewed terrorism problem.
PM Erdogan made a conscious effort to voice his opposition to these acts being labeled as "Islamic terrorism"–the exact same line of thought as that of President Bush, by the way–he also challenged the terrorists, whom some pundits claimed were sending a "message" to their "Islamist compatriot" to end their relations with the so-called "Axis of Evil"–the Western version–i.e. the United States, United Kingdom and Israel.
Robbins: The $64,000 question. It's important to note that Turkey's ruling party is a mixed bag of various and sundry political interests. In brief, it is more populist than Islamist – the rough equivalent of Ross Perot and Jesse Ventura joining forces to get rid of an ineffective political establishment. That being said, Islamist thinking plays an influential role in governmental policies. Prime Minister Erdogan comes from this particular camp, but after a year at the helm, the general consensus is that he's no true believer. The bombings have probably made him veer towards a more nationalistic outlook than Islamist one. That being said, he must be mindful of not alienating the Islamist wing in his administration, where the idea that November's bombings were either an American or Israeli plots are widely held. If Erdogan specifically repudiates this mind frame, it can rupture his party's unity and overall leadership. This dilemma has so far been averted rather than confronted in the bombings aftermath.
I'm not as sanguine as Ali that Mr. Erdogan has the wherewithal to stir parliament or even his party towards "radical" decisions. Yes, he has a parliamentary majority, but it's still comprised of factions that are often at cross purposes with each other. While the Prime Minister has shown political adeptness and an adaptability to circumstances that even surprises his critics, the Islamist element within his party isn't going to readily adhere, without much wrangling and possible rupture to the current parliamentary majority.
Koknar: So far Erdogan has played to appease the "right-of-the-center" Islamist elements in his party. Two examples would be the passage of the Amnesty Law, which was designed so that the Islamist terrorists would also qualify under it just like the PKK terrorists, and the recent issue of an executive regulation to expand the after-hours religious instruction to students. While minor squabbles, often behind closed doors, within his party are undeniable, I would not go so far to say that these could fragment the AKP's parliamentary majority anytime soon. Then again, I am no political scientist, but a humble security consultant.
Robbins: Frankly I'd rather be humble than considered a political scientist. Further subcategorizing my "mixed bag" metaphor for describing Mr. Erdogan's party, the Islamist wing does have its differences. They are however based more on subtleties than substance. I'm unable to see the manifest difference between a "right of center" Islamist viewpoint versus a "left of center" one, especially when it comes down to the dynamics behind the Amnesty Law or even the religious instruction issue. The intra-party squabbling with the Islamists can't be considered minor either -it played a noticeable role in last March's votes as to whether US forces should be allowed on Turkish soil.
Aydinli: I generally agree with Mr. Koknar in the sense that the Prime Minister will feel even more pressured to crack down on the Islamist radicals. The primary reason for this is that local versions of El Quaida-types present still an isolated minority and phenomenon. Large, Muslim, Ak-Party constituents think that these groups are either highly mis-educated about Islam and are therefore almost 'not Muslim', or, that they are being used by 'foreign elements'. In either case, this minority is largely excluded from the primary constituency, and Tayyip Erdogan will be supported by the majority in his crackdown on the terrorists. The government's strong use of the police is the best indication of their will to crack down. The extensive experience of the police with terrorism and even with these particular groups (recall that a few years ago the Turkish police captured the central data files belonging to the Turkish Hizbollah and crippled their structure) will prevent institutional hesitation, and will instead provide motivation to go ahead quickly.
Phares: Al-Qaida's planning is very meticulous. Since the Erdogan Government is seen with Fundamentalist inclinations but with policies that accommodate secularists and to a certain extent American and Israeli interests, it becomes a problem for the Jihadists. In the eyes of Bin Laden, the Erdogan Government is a moderate form of Fundamentalist. It needs to be challenged into a higher form of Jihadism. Hence, the strikes were basically aimed at provoking what they call a "thaghara" or a breach in the system.
FP: Did Turkey's Amnesty Law, recently passed this summer, pave the road to the bombings?
Koknar: The government's ability to enact radical decisions does not protect them from making mistakes. In my opinion, the so-called "Homecoming Law", an amnesty statute passed earlier this year in Turkish parliament to allow for terrorists, (including the Islamic fundamentalists) to demobilize and return to civilian life while avoiding prosecution, was a mistake. Since the 1990s, Turkey enacted a series of so-called "Repentance Statutes", with the same purpose. The previous attempts at best yielded meagre results in the form of terrorist-turned-informants.
A number of the suspects arrested, on charges stemming from the latest Istanbul bombings, have been discovered to have filed applications to qualify under the Amnesty Law, about which the Turkish military were worried from the get go.. They were found to have been previously associated with the Turkish Hizbullah, IBDA-C and Islamic Movement terrorist organizations.
The Amnesty Law was enacted and frankly, it has not achieved the purpose for which it was created, i.e., to drive a wedge between the PKK leadership and their 5,000 terrorists currently based in Northern Iraq and Iran. Very few rank-and-file PKK terrorists took the Turkish government up on their offer.
Robbins: It's possible that the road to hell was paved with good intentions. Formally known as the Repentance or Integration Law, the amnesty program was originally designed for the PKK, the Kurdish separatist groups that waged a civil war within Turkey costing 37,000 lives. The amnesty will last for a six month period (approximately ending in late January/early February), specifically targeting the rank and file, leadership excluded. Despite the opposition's warning that they were opening up Pandora's box, Erdogan's government broadened the scope to include Islamic (namely Turkish Hezbollah – no relation to the Arab version) as well as far left/right terrorists. A Parliamentary hearing which occurred shortly before the bombings revealed that a sizeable number of Islamic terrorists (431) were granted amnesty along with Kurdish separatists (551). It should be noted that the majority of PKK cadre – an estimated 3,000-5,000 – have not taken advantage of this offer. So far there has been no confirmed links between those pardoned and November's perpetrators, but there are deep suspicions that some of the former may have known about or even aided the terror operations.
Aydinli: I don't think the idea of the Amnesty was fully a mistake. Because it didn't produce the expected results–bringing the armed PKK terrorists down from the mountains–people tend to label it a mistake. I think the idea might have been good, but the law was bad. Anybody who would know about PKK type organizations should know that unless you provide incentives for the leadership to disarm themselves, no amount of incentives for the remaining cadres will be enough for them to 'liberate' themselves from such a brutally administered hierarchical structure. It simply doesn't work from bottom up.
In terms of the attacks, I think the preparation of the local versions of Al-Qaida far surpassed any possible effects of the Amnesty Law. The important thing is not 'who did it', but how such a potential came to exist–ideologically, logistically, and organizationally. All of this takes time to accumulate–we know, for example, that in the 1990s, Turkish radical Islamist groups were the most computerized and therefore internationally linked of all local terrorist organizations. Even if some of the perpetrators can be somehow linked to the amnesty, the other dimensions are clearly telling us that these groups have been educated and internationally trained for many years.
Phares: Turkey has developed an institution which has been slowly moving to its last steps towards full democracy. It is a very realistic model of a Muslim society developing its own path towards secular democracy. It also wishes to enter the European Union. Hence for many years it was put under pressures by the European to rehabilitate the "radicals" in Turkey. Among them the Kurdish Marxist militants and the other extremists on the left, and in the Islamist movement. The amnesty law came as a result of the Turkish attempt to meet Western standards. But let me add that the current Government was under pressures by the radical Islamists to release their own prisoners.
Ankara opened the bottle, and the Jinn is out. It won't be so different from what many Western countries do from time to time, with different procedures. Releasing the radicals while hoping they would settle. Egypt recently releases more than a 1,000 Jihad militant. But the difference between regimes such as Egypt and Syria with their authoritarian-rooted security services and countries such as Turkey, which are striving to act as Western, is exploited by al-Qaida. Therefore it doesn't surprise me at all that those who were behind the multiple attacks in Istanbul were among the released detainee.
FP: Were the recent Istanbul bombings sort of like a 9/11 wake-up call for the country?
Koknar: Turks have not experienced this form of urban terrorism since 1980, when the military coup then put an end to Turkey's "2nd Terrorism Wave" which had started in the mid-1970s. The "3rd Terrorism Wave" led by the PKK from the mid 1980s, was mostly a rural insurgency campaign. While urban Turkish watched it on television, they were not its primary targets. Since the arrest of the PKK's leader, Abdullah Ocalan in 1999, Turks have experienced a false sense of comfort, while the terrorists, not only the PKK, but Turkish Marxists and the Islamic fundamentalists have been continuing their operations. I would call the Istanbul bombings the beginning of Turkey's "4th Terrorism Wave". It appears that this time around it may be led by the Wahhabis, who have relationships with the PKK, and oddly enough, with the Marxists. Turkish counter terrorism has been quite effective against the PKK's rural campaign. Fighting the terrorists who are at ease in the urban environment is a different, and decidedly more difficult task, which requires more sophisticated intelligence collection. This means another learning curve which the Turkish security forces must traverse.
Judging by the front pages of most Turkish dailies which sported pictures of the Istanbul skyline with newly built skyscrapers shrouded in dust and smoke emanating form the site of the HSBC country headquarters after the latest suicide bombing, somewhat similar to those pictures taken in and of downtown Manhattan on 9/11, I cannot imagine a Turk not living in a cave at present, who did not stop and think to himself "It can happen here and to us, too!"–no matter who they believed later was actually behind the terrorist acts.
Robbins: Not really from what I observed. Whereas 9/11 was a seminal event in the American psyche, Turks have become somewhat accustomed to terror bombings, compliments of the PKK and the occasional far Left campaigns. Call it stoicism, but it's a trait that was very perceptible in the immediate aftermath. That's not to say there was sorrow and anger, but most of the editorials that I read from major Turkish newspapers were surprisingly measured, projecting more shock than outrage. If there was outrage, it was misguidingly led by Leftist and Islamist rationale, namely directed at Bush's Iraq policy or alleged Mossad manipulations. Perhaps it was the suddenness of these attacks in the midst of Ramadan that caught the nation's emotions off-guard. A slow burn? Recent polls indicate that the majority of Turks now blame al-Qaida for what occurred along with the realization that their very precepts are being challenged.
Aydinli: I agree with Mr. Robbins on this one. I don't think Turks 'needed' a wake-up call on terrorism. Make no mistake, Turkey is a country that has always received a lion's share of every terrorism move–from ideological ones of the Cold War, to ethnically-based ones, and now, it appears, to religious-based ones. So, yes, the scope and type was shocking, but the uncovered atrocities (videotaped tortures and brutal killings) by similar groups a few years ago, were equally shocking. There is perhaps a kind of psychological preparedness that was not witnessed in the American case.
Phares: Dr Koknar calls it the "fourth wave" of Terrorism in Turkey. He has a point from the historical perspective. That is how Turks view the attacks. However we need to take the targeted sites in consideration. Although al-Qaida has somewhat declared war against Kemalism from ideological perspective. And although I believe that ultimately they would want to see Turkish blood in the streets, their last attacks were not aimed at Turks per se. Many Turks died and were injured, but the targeted "enemies" were Jews –even though citizens of Turkey- and British interests. We need to read al-Qaida's mind very well so that we can understand its message. It killed Jews and British, both infidels, to put pressure on the Turkish Muslim Government. As I described it in a piece lately, the dead were non Turkic but the real target was Ataturk's Republic.
FP: If you were appointed to give the Bush administration advice on the best policy it should pursue toward Turkey for the sake of making gains in the War on Terror, what would you say?
Phares: There is the short-term suggestion and the long term one. They are both based on geopolitical realities and historical ones as well. Turkey is a Muslim country which institutions are seriously secular. But its current Government is backed by a political coalition that ultimately wants to change that reality into a less secular and more Islamist identity. So what should Washington encourage while taking into consideration other issues such as the Kurds, Greeks and Armenians? Logically, I would encourage the President to establish a strategic dialogue with the secular and democratic establishment of Turkey over all the issues mentioned above. US-Turkish relations were based on Soviet containment till the 1990s. Now they should move towards spread of democracy and human rights in the region. They should develop into future policies in the region.
If this dialogue is successful, and Turkey's establishment commits towards liberal democracy, then Washington should lend all of its support to Ankara as a strategic ally in the Middle East and beyond. Turkey's seculars would engage in containing Fundamentalism, recognizing Kurdish identity, and settling crisis with the Greeks and the Armenians, and in return, the US would treat Turkey in similar terms as with Israel and support a continental role of Turkey all the way to central Asia.
If the American-Turkish dialogue create a breakthrough on the issues mentioned above, Washington would find in Ankara a major ally in the spread of modernization, democratization and security in one of the largest and most sensitive part of the world. Turkey would reclaim a major legacy in the Middle East. And the Muslim world would benefit from a major opportunity to follow an alternative to radical Fundamentalism. In sum, Turkey can -with US support- become one of the principal architects of the defeat of Jihadism in the region.
Short term, Turkey should be encouraged to take part in the campaign against Terrorism along with Iraq, Jordan and other local allies. Long term, Turkey should become a leader in the Turkish-speaking world in its march towards democratisation.
Robbins: There needs to be a changed perspective in U.S.-Turkish relations. Turkey is still primarily defined by its geo-strategic location, but most of Washington's foreign policy mind frame is still ensconced in a Cold War outlook. Turkey's traditional role as the bulwark against a potential Soviet thrust to Persian Gulf oilfields or Mediterranean ports needs revamping. As the November bombings revealed, Turkey has become a major frontline in the War on Terror. Considering Turkey's Islamic background, the challenge is as much internal as fundamentalism's sponsorship from abroad. There's a discernible anti-Americanism running through the Turkish political spectrum -mainly due to cross-border fears from Operation Iraqi Freedom's aftermath, but also based in perceived U.S. arrogance towards cultural nuances and historical dilemmas. A revitalized public diplomacy is called for alongside counter terrorist strategies; battling this new threat with outmoded mechanisms will only exacerbate an already tense atmosphere.
Koknar: While my appointment is not likely to occur anytime soon, a few devastating AC130 Spectre gunship runs over the PKK/KADEK/KONGRA-GEL camps on the Qandil Mountain range in the northeastern section of Northern Iraq section inside the triangle where the Turkish/Iraqi and Iranian borders meet, would be a good start. Turks would perceived this as President Bush putting his money where his mouth is. It would cost the US next to nothing, as these aircraft are flying over Iraq nightly, at zero risk to US aircrews or equipment, as the Spectre is practically immune to any surface-to-air threat which the PKK might offer, while yielding a tremendous amount of goodwill from Turkey towards the US, instantly repairing the relationship between the two countries. You have heard of "gunboat diplomacy". Well, here is an opportunity for "gunship diplomacy"!
Aydinli: Turkey would certainly be pleased by what Mr. Koknar suggests, but I doubt Bush would go for this advice knowing that American and much of the world public opinion is not going to distinguish easily between "good" Kurds and "bad" Kurds. Particularly in consideration of the current promotion of the Kurds as a new strategic partner in the region, such a move would not be looked on favorably. I think I would advise the Bush administration within a much larger framework and vision. With the capture of Saddam Hussein, the Bush administration is going to now adopt the position that this war is actually an early stage of a long-term global struggle against the roots of terrorism (in this case, getting rid of the dictators in order to initiate comforting transformations in these troubled regions) rather than just, for example, eradicating possible WMDs.
In such a case, it is obvious that this administration needs a stable Turkey. There are two major reasons for this: First, for the short-term anti-terrorism activities and for logistics of nation-building in the neighborhood. Second, and more importantly, for what Turkey represents ideologically and politically as an example of democracy plus Islam. Basically, therefore, I would recommend that Washington treat Turkey as valuable an ally as Britain. If this struggle turns into a new global containment of radical Islam, Turkey–particularly now with a moderate Islamic government–will become a key asset for the U.S.
Koknar: If what is going on in Iraq since last Spring is indeed a part of the global "War on Terror", then the PKK may not be allowed to remain inside a country controlled by the US. Turkey, in the past has demonstrated that it has the means to eradicate the PKK camps in Northern Iraq. It can repeat that effort in case President Bush is not willing to let those AC130s fly. Having wiped out Ansar ul Islam ("bad" Kurds) bases in the very same neighborhood controlled by the PUK ("good" Kurds) earlier this year, I do not suppose that the American AC130 pilots will have too much trouble finding the right address in Northern Iraq.
Aydinli: What I am saying is that public opinion on 'Kurds' will have some bearing on American decision-making. In fact, the emerging image of the Kurds as virtually being 'saved by American involvement in Iraq' is going to make it even harder for the American government to ever turn to its public and easily explain the distinction between Kurds worth saving and Kurds worth bombing.
The Ansar ul Islam was punished due to its radical Islamic connections. Very few people in fact know of the group's Kurdish dimension. Ultimately, I think the issue is both about technical capacity (we are talking about a very dispersed group of 4,000-5,000 armed men in a mountainous region–think about the U.S. bombings in Afghanistan and their success rate) but perhaps more importantly about what it means politically. I doubt the U.S. would want to bomb any type of Kurd unless it was convinced of a big payback–and so far, that doesn't seem to be their impression.
Robbins: Undoubtedly the Kurdish issue is full of complexities that can easily veer away from the topic at hand. That being said, I think the Bush administration can readily distinguish between a "bad" PKK and as "good" PUK/KDP. The Kurds may have become America's new strategic partners due to a perceived Turkish reticence in the Iraq conflict, but the PKK's Marxist-Leninist advocacy would preclude a one size fits all diplomacy.
Furthermore, I sense that the United States has recognized over the past year by trail and error what Turkey's "red lines" are regarding the Kurdish issue. Proportionate to Prime Minister Erdogan's learning the art of statecraft, Washington's Kurdish education has largely been on the job training. Broad-brush interpretations will only further aggravate diplomatic ties. As for Mr. Aydinli's belief that with Saddam's capture, the Bush administration needs to adopt a much larger framework and vision in the fight against terrorism, doesn't that essentially correlate with the "Axis of Evil" philosophy?
Aydinli: With respect to whether adopting a much larger framework correlates with the "Axis of Evil" philosophy, when the latter was first introduced, its confrontational and divisive characteristics were perceived at the forefront–you're either with us or against us. My point is that now a larger framework with a cooperative, inclusive approach of mainstream moderates against much smaller, radical elements will have to be adopted. At the end, we should all remember that counter terrorism is about winning the larger societal support in order to isolate the bad guys.
FP: Ersel Aydinli, Ali Koknar, Gerald Robbins and Walid Phares, we are out of time. Thank you. It was a pleasure.


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Celebrating the launch of the New Paradigms Conference in Durban in October 2012 are (from left to right): Kevin Bingham (KZNIA Education Chair), Nina Sanders (KZNIA President), Tammy Grove (SAFAL Steel), Rodney Harber (UIA Education Committee) and Georgi RSS Safal Steel- New Paradigms Conference 2012 announced2012-08-23 The organising team met recently at the architecturally inspiring Docklands Hotel in Durban, where the conference will be hosted, to mark the occasion. Nina Sanders, Kevin Bingham, Rodney Harber and Georgie Chennells of the KZNIA welcomed Tammy Grove, marketing officer for SAFAL Steel, to the conference fold. The Conference marks a positive development in the evolution of the popular KZN Architectural Education Conference, now in its fourth year. The Conference also now includes SAFAL Steel as the title sponsor, while still maintaining strong ties with local educational institutions, Durban University of Technology and the University of KwaZulu-Natal.One of the objectives of the theme 'New Paradigms' is to raise questions around generally accepted architectural discourse: from physical aspects such as approaches, materials and tools, to intangibles such as teaching, networks and patronage. It\'s anticipated that vigorous debate will result, contributing to constructive proposals for the future that will vitalise both education and practice. Speakers at the conference include Rajeev Kathpalia, architect and Director of the Vastu Shilpa Institute in India, and John Stevenson, an architect and educator leading professional programmes in the School of Architecture at Oxford Brookes University in the UK.One of the legacy projects of the UIA Durban 2014 Conference is Open Architecture. Developed by the KZNIA and the South African Institute for Architecture (SAIA), this revolutionary new learning platform will offer a universally recognised alternative to mainstream post-graduate architecture education, while allowing students to remain in full-time employment. Bookings are now open at the For more information, contact KZNIA organisers:
Georgie Chennells - Events and Media
Tammy Grove - Marketing Officer |

subset: commoncrawl


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Switzerland-based mining company, Glencore has been in the spotlight for several controversial white-collar crimes.
A recent update on one of its cases claims the company will pay DR Congo $180 million to settle a corruption allegations.
This year alone, the swiss-based company has been forced to pay $1.6 billion in damages after a horrific series of corruption scandals.
Earlier this year, in May, Glencore admitted to bribing officials in several African countries, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Bribery allegations reach well beyond Africa, with the controversial company's corruption cases scattered across America and Europe.
But the DRC scandal spans a decade, from 2007 to 2018, after investigations into mining activities in the country uncovered multiple leads of bribery during the period.
According to a report released by the US Department of Justice on May 24, 2022 detailing the company's unethical practices, the company alleged that Glencore used illegal means to gain a competitive advantage over its business competitors.
Also, read; Rwanda Blames International Community For Exacerbating Crisis In Eastern Congo
"In the DRC, Glencore admitted that it conspired to and did corruptly offer and pay approximately $27.5 million to third parties while intending for a portion of the payments to be used as bribes to DRC officials, in order to secure improper business advantages," the report reads in part.
"In July 2021, a former senior trader in charge of Glencore's West Africa desk for the crude oil business pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to violate the FCPA and one count of conspiracy to commit money laundering," the report adds.
Some of Glencore's interests in the DRC include the Mutanda copper and cobalt mine and a controlling interest in KCC, a major copper and cobalt development.
The company stated that it was happy to overcome this incident and resume friendly relations with the DRC. For its part, the DRC declined to comment on the matter.
"Glencore is a long-term investor in the DRC and is pleased to have entered into this agreement to address the consequences of its past conduct," said Glencore Chief Executive Officer Kalidas Madhavpedi.
Glencore is one of the world's largest commodity companies and employs around 135,000 people in more than 35 countries.


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Singletoggle jaw crushers are characterized by the swing jaw being suspended directly on the eccentric drive shaft and the lower part of the swing jaw being braced against the crusher frame by means of a toggle plate. The kinematics of this type of toggle system result in a higher capacity than that achieved with a doubletoggle jaw crusher with the same feed opening. The .
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K750 JAW CRUSHER:HOOKLIFT JAW CRUSHER. The K750 combines superior crushing performance with the ability to transport with a standard hook lift truck. From unloading to operating in less than 5 minutes, the K750 jaw harnesses the power of the onboard Diesel electric generator to crush 0400mm rock, concrete and brick at typically 50100tph.
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Jaw crushers are heavyduty machines and hence must be robustly constructed. The main frame is often made from cast iron or steel, connected with tiebolts. It is commonly made in sections so that it can be transported underground for installation. Modern jaw crushers may have a main frame of welded mild steel plate. The jaws are usually constructed from cast steel and fitted with replaceable ...
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Jaw crusher is a crushing machine that is researched and developed very early. With simple and solid structure, reliable work, easy maintenance and repair and low production and construction fees, it has long been widely used for the coarse, medium and fine crushing of various kinds of ores and rocks whose compression strength is 147~245MPa in many industrial departments .
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The FRITSCH Jaw Crusher PULVERISETTE 1 premium line is ideal for a max. feed size of 95 mm and a max. continuous throughput of up to 250 kg/h depending on the material and gap setting. WORKING PRINCIPLE. Powerful precrushing . The powerful comminution of the sample takes place in the Jaw Crusher under high pressure between one fixed and one movable crushing jaw in an enclosed .
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· Singletoggle jaw crushers. Singletoggle jaw crushers (also known as overhead eccentric crushers) operates with its eccentric shaft above it. In here, the eccentric is built into the the swing jaw plate that moves in an up and down motion as the flywheel is rotated. A singletoggle jaw crusher pivots at the bottom of the swing plate, causing the jaw to move in an arclike direction. The ...
· The jaw crusher is mainly composed of a frame, a movable jaw assembly, a movable jaw, a fixed jaw, a triangular wheel, a flywheel, a bracket, a side guard, a discharge port adjusting device and a driving device. Because of its simple structure, easy manufacture, reliable operation and convenient maintenance, it has been widely used in crushing operations in .
· Jaw crushers are installed underground in mines as well as on the surface. When used underground, jaw crushers are commonly used in open circuit. This is followed by further size reduction in crushers loed on the surface. When the run of mine product is conveyed directly from the mine to the crusher, the feed to the primary crusher passes under a magnet to remove tramp steel collected ...


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Theoreticians of development believe that among the 3 types of capital; physical, technological and human capital; the main important one is human capital and its appropriate utilization. Economical development will not occur unless environmental factors of work and work organization develop culturally. Thus work ethic in the work culture of society will become important and warrant development and improvement. Presence of women in the work market is one of the effective variables on work culture and work ethic.
This research has a gendered view of work ethic in Iranian society. The question raised in this article tackles the following issues:
What similarities and differences are observed in men's and women's work ethic? If they are different, which factors interfere?
This research is conducted through a survey using a questionnaire. The sample population consists of 356 faculty staff of Tehran University including 148 females and 208 males. The sampling method used is stratified sampling. The results of research show that the variable of gender does not influence work ethic directly but it is influential through other variables. The most effective variables are mediating variables such as inner organizational and cultural variables. The causal model is distinctive both in men and women. While the work ethic model is very complicated for men, it is very simple for women. The reason for this refers to the fact that women want to maintain their jobs and keep it as long as they can. Therefore, in order to reach a desirable and effective work for all individuals based on universal standards, it is important to consider gender differences.


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Dr. Aneesh Lakshmanan
Senior Consultant
Dr. Aneesh Lakshmanan is Senior Consultant Anaesthesiologist presently rendering his services at Aster MIMS, Kannur.
He is noted for his commitment to his patients as well as clinical practice and research.
The doctor is also renowned for his experience in Anaesthetic and ICU management of all types of adult critical, neurosurgical, transplants, Obstetrics & Gynaecological, Orthopaedics, Urology, Hepatobiliary, Colorectal, Bariatric, ENT and General surgical patients.
A keen academician, Dr. Aneesh Lakshmanan has worked at various medical colleges in India and Hamad medical Corporation,Qatar and have imparted his skills and knowledge in the field of Anesthesiology and Critical care.
A talented academician, the doctor has to his credit a number of publications and clinical presentations in his field of specialisation. The doctor's expertise also lies in Ultrasound guided regional Anaesthesia(USGRA), Critical care, Neuro Anaesthesia and Transplant Anaesthesia.
- Ultrasound guided regional Anaesthesia(USGRA)
- Critical care
- Neuro Anaesthesia
- Transplant Anaesthesia


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NYPD: 81-year-old man brutally attacked in Queens robbery; suspects at large
Police are trying to find two suspects that robbed an 81-year-old man Friday night on 34th Avenue in Queens.
News 12 was told the victim was approached by the two suspects who exited a red SUV.
The suspects then punched and kneed the victim all over his body before stealing his bag that had his cellphone and $15 in cash.
The victim was taken to the hospital where he was treated for broken ribs.
Anyone with information is asked to call the NYPD Crime Stoppers at 1-800-577-TIP.


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Strong US Retail Sales numbers are sending the Nasdaq 100 futures soaring this Tuesday. Data released by the US Census Bureau a few minutes ago showed that the US Retail Sales and Core Retail Sales increased by 17.7% and 12.4% respectively, which was much higher than the 7.9% and 5.5% that analysts had predicted for each data piece respectively.
The figures also represented an overwhelming improvement over last month's figures of -14.7% and -15.2% for the US Retail Sales and US Core Retail Sales numbers. These data show that the retail sector, one of the hardest-hit areas in the US by the coronavirus pandemic, may have started to show signs of recovery. Consequently, the Nasdaq 100 futures saw a spike that has sent it to the 9990.8 mark, representing a 1.82% increase on the day.
Also boosting the US markets is news just released from the RECOVERY clinical trial of the steroid drug Dexamethasone. Data show that deaths due to severe coronavirus have been cut by a third.
Download our Q2 Market Global Market Outlook
Outlook for Nasdaq 100
Today's price surge marks a further extension of the strong start to the week posted by the Nasdaq 100. Price is now well on its way to challenging the psychological resistance at 10,000. Beyond this level, the all-time highs of 10156.0 remain relevant to upside price action. A breach of this level sets a new record, following which 10,291.5 (227.2% Fibonacci extension from the XA wave of the invalidated harmonic crab pattern) becomes the next target.
On the flip side, a rejection at the all-time highs could provide for a retest of 9730.2 (highs of 20 February and 4 June 2020), with 9626.4 and 9452.0 coming in as the next support targets. Only a breakdown of the ascending channel allows 9264.4 and 9167.4 to become available as new support targets.
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A powerful documentary about consequences of the penal system.
Fight Club, in a sense, is about the effect of parental absenteeism on an entire generation of men. The rise in divorces, in single-motherhood, and other social factors did indeed contribute to this phenomena under which young boys lacked male role models and as a result entered manhood with skewed ideas of masculinity.
That film, though, is fiction. The following short documentary, Mother's Day, is not. Directed by Elizabeth Lo and R.J. Lozada, the film is another sort of look on the effect of parental absenteeism, here specifically a generation's loss of mothers due to incarceration. Each year on the titular holiday, a charity in California collects children from all over the state and delivers them to see their mothers in prison. Through this personal lens, Lo and Lozada expose a national, social, and cultural malady. The documentary's observational, unobtrusive style allows the narrative to play out of its own accord and offers an unfiltered glimpse into the lives of those affected, on both sides of the bars.
It's no secret that America has an incarceration problem. From private-run facilities to mandatory minimums, the system is designed to keep as many people under lock and key for as long as possible, legally or otherwise. What's not always discussed is the impact this problem has on the people on the outside, especially the generation of children growing up without parents. This documentary is a daring and powerful exploration of this unfortunate phenomena, and worth every second it takes to watch.
Related Topics: Documentary, Short Films


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George A. Sunga Television Collection
Scope and Contents
The George A. Sunga Television Collection documents the evolution of Sunga's four-decade career as a television producer at CBS, ABC, and Paramount. The collection consists of production binders, scripts, production notes, correspondence with network executives, photographs, schedules, invoices, awards, and other materials related to Sunga's various producing credits, including Dear John, The Dick Van Dyke Special, The Jeffersons, The Ropers, and Three's Company, as well as others. The collection is arranged into three series: Production Files, Photographs and Artwork, and Awards.
The Production Files document the development and production of television series and specials produced by Sunga. Materials in this series span from some of Sunga's earliest producer projects in the 1960s to later series in the mid-1990s, with an emphasis on the production of Three's Company during the mid-1970s through the early 1980s. Of particular interest are network feedback and concerns over broadcast regulations. The notes from ABC's Department of Broadcast Standards and Practices, for example, indicate that network executives sought to limit gay stereotypes and homophobic jokes in Three's Company, as well as avoid dialogue and costumes which were deemed to be too sexually explicit. Elsewhere, as in the production binder for The Redd Foxx Show, the network expressed disapproval for racially-based jokes as well as for the potential glorification of gambling. Primarily arranged alphabetically by show title, the Production Files include scripts, production binders, correspondence, notes, as well as actual video footage from many of the series, including Gung Ho, Pacific Station, The Good Life, and Hardball. Please note that only footage transferred to DVD is available for research. U-matic and Betamax footage have not yet been transferred due to limited resources.
The Photographs and Artwork (1968-1990) series document the casts and logos of various television shows produced by Sunga. This series includes cast photographs, photographic logos for the Smothers Brothers shows as well as a copy of a cartoon by Paul Conrad. Highlights include a signed photograph of the Three's Company cast with personal inscriptions addressed to Sunga. This series is arranged alphabetically by production title.
Lastly, the Awards (1966-1985) series contains plaques, certificates, and letters of appreciation for Sunga's work on various television projects, including the Smothers Brothers, Three's Company, and The Ropers.
- Creation: 1964-1996
- Sunga, George (George A. Sunga) (Person)
Conditions Governing Access
This collection is open for research.
Conditions Governing Use
The copyright interests in some or all of these materials have not been transferred to San Diego State University. Copyright resides with the creator(s) of materials contained in the collection or their heirs. The nature of archival collections is such that multiple creators are often applicable and copyright status may be difficult or even impossible to determine. In any case, the user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, obtaining publication rights and copyright infringement. When requesting images from Special Collections & University Archives for publication, we require a signed agreement waiving San Diego State University of any liability in the event of a copyright violation.
Biographical Note
George Sunga is a successful Filipino-American television producer known for his work on successful shows like Three's Company, Good Times, The Jeffersons, and All in the Family. His work received numerous accolades, including several People's Choice Awards, an Emmy nomination, and honors from the Academy for Television Arts and Sciences.
Sunga grew up in San Diego and attended San Diego State College in the early 1950s. He was a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity's Gamma-Lambda chapter, and in 1954-1955 he served as president of the Associated Students. As part of his studies in television production at San Diego State, Sunga helped to compile the anthology series, Climax, which exposed him to the directing techniques of John Frankenheimer. Sunga graduated in 1955 with an AB in Speech and Television Production. Shortly thereafter, he began working in the mailroom of CBS Television City in Los Angeles. Over the next decade, Sunga worked in various departments, eventually ascending to a position as the first official production supervisor for CBS West Coast. In this position, he served as the liaison between CBS Television City and outside clients. The network promoted him to associate producer of Carol Channing and Dick Van Dyke's first television specials respectively.
In 1966, Sunga landed his first serial associate producer job for the controversial and satirical Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour. In 1969, he was nominated for an Emmy for his work on the show. That same year the show was abruptly cancelled. During the 1970s, Sunga produced numerous successful series, specials, and pilot episodes, primarily for situational comedies (sitcoms) including Three's Company, The Jeffersons, The Ropers, All in the Family, and Good Times. In 1986, he joined Paramount and produced a television adaptation of the film Gung Ho, a show about the takeover of an American automobile manufacturing plant by a Japanese corporation. The show was one of the first to feature a predominately Japanese-American cast. After the show's director, Dick Martin, became ill, Sunga took over as the show's director, launching him into his first formal directorial role.
In 1989, Sunga became an officer of the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. He also served on the Producers' Guild of America board for twenty years and became chairman of the Guild's Diversity Committee. His commitment to diversity in television led to the creation of an award in his honor distributed yearly at the Media Access Awards.
14.42 Linear Feet
Language of Materials
Arrangement Note
I. Production Files, 1964-1996
II. Photographs and Artwork, 1968-1990
III. Awards, 1966-1985
Source of Acquisition
George A. Sunga
Accruals and Additions
2012-006, 2013-013, 2012-015
Separated Materials
Archive of American Television Interview with George Sunga: http://www.emmytvlegends.org/interviews/people/george-sunga
- Title
- George A. Sunga Television Collection
- Status
- Completed
- Author
- Conor Foley
- Date
- 08/05/2013
- Description rules
- Describing Archives: A Content Standard
- Language of description
- English
- Script of description
- Latin
- Language of description note
- eng
Repository Details
Part of the Special Collections & University Archives Repository


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This sturdy & durable work shirt from Red Kap has the FG logo screenprinted above the front pocket and the Final Gravity logo across the back. Available in 3 colors.
- 4.25 oz., 65/35 polyester/cotton TouchTex™ poplin
- Soil-release and wickable finish
- Two button-through pockets
- Left pocket has a pencil stall
• If you would like to pickup your order from Kalamazoo Sportswear, select "Pickup" for your shipping method during checkout, and you will not be charged for shipping.
Industrial FG Short Sleeved Work Shirt


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Seaworld Orlando Promo Codes and Discounts
Save money with these Seaworld Orlando coupons, promotion codes, and discount offers. We offer the most comprehensive selection of discounted tickets to SeaWorld Orlando. Order your discounted SeaWorld Orlando admisson tickets, dining plans, and more online now to save money, skip the line, and have extra money to spend on your Orlando vacation.


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Modelling and Simulation: An Overview of Code and No-Code Tools
The evolution of technology has provided us with a plethora of modelling and simulation tools. These tools, falling into two primary categories: no-code and code-based, each offer distinct advantages and challenges. This blog post will present an overview of popular no-code and code modelling tools, detailing their features and discussing their pros and cons.
Unpacking No-Code Modelling and Simulation Tools
No-code tools provide a user-friendly interface for developing and executing models, eliminating the need for programming skills.
Primarily used for game design, Machinations offers a real-time, interactive environment. It employs a node-based system, allowing you to visualize and balance game mechanics with ease.
Vensim's strength lies in its application to complex dynamic systems. It employs a visual interface that supports drag-and-drop functionality, simplifying the modelling process. Vensim excels at system dynamics modelling, particularly useful for business strategies, environmental issues, and public policy.
Similar to Vensim, Stella is a tool designed for system dynamics modelling. It features a user-friendly interface, including a model "flight simulator" that allows users to manipulate inputs over time and examine the model's responses.
Part of MATLAB's software suite, Simulink offers a graphical editor for model-based design. It is ideal for engineering applications, offering functionalities for multi-domain simulation, system-level design, and embedded system engineering.
Exploring Code Modelling and Simulation Frameworks
Code-based tools require programming knowledge, but they provide a high degree of flexibility, customization, and complexity in models.
Python-Based Libraries
Python offers numerous libraries for simulation and modelling:
- SimPy is ideal for process-based discrete-event simulation.
- PyDSTool is designed for dynamical systems.
- Pyomo is a robust tool for mathematical optimization.
- PyCX is used for simulating complex systems.
Beyond its graphical environment Simulink, MATLAB is a powerful environment for numerical computation, allowing for detailed simulations and models using code.
R-Based Libraries
R, a programming language primarily used for statistical computation, provides several packages for modelling and simulation:
- deSolve is effective for solving differential equations.
- simecol is useful for simulating ecological (and other) dynamic systems.
Pros and Cons: Making the Right Choice
No-Code Tools
- User-Friendly: No-code tools are accessible to users without programming skills.
- Quick Setup: Pre-built functionalities and drag-and-drop interfaces ensure rapid setup.
- Collaborative: These tools often support team-based work, allowing simultaneous input from multiple users.
- Limited Customization: While user-friendly, no-code tools may not support complex or custom models.
- Performance: These tools might not be as efficient when dealing with large-scale simulations.
Code-Based Tools
- Customization: Code-based tools provide significant flexibility and customization for your models.
- Scalability: These models can handle larger, more complex systems and are often optimized for performance.
- Integration: Coded models can be integrated with other software systems and utilize the full power of the host language.
- Learning Curve: Code-based tools require programming skills, and complex models may be challenging to master.
- Time-Consuming: Developing custom models can be a time-intensive process, especially for complex systems or models that need extensive debugging.
Final Thoughts
The choice between no-code and code-based tools depends on your specific needs, the complexity of your model, and your technical expertise. No-code tools like Machinations, Vensim, Stella, and Simulink offer accessibility and are ideal for simpler models. On the other hand, code-based frameworks offer flexibility and depth, making them more suitable for complex simulations and for users comfortable with programming. Understanding the features, benefits, and limitations of each will help you make an informed decision for your modelling and simulation needs.
This content was generated using OpenAI's GPT Large Language Model (with some human curation!). Check out the post "Explain it like I'm 5: What is ChatGPT?" to learn more.


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FA202 - Flower Seed Dahlia
HK$28.00 Regular Price
HK$7.78Sale Price
Perennial herb plant, fusiform fleshy tuberous root; 20-30cm in diam; Flowing: May-Oct. Heliophilous plant, in dry and cool environment, cold resistance; mind high temperature and high humidity; require fertile, soft and well-drained soils condition. Spring sowing and continuous blossoming from summer to autumn. Applying for potted plant.


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There is so much to be grateful for this holiday season. All of us at National HomeCraft have felt so much support and gratitude from our customers and employees. These past couple of years had its challenges, but we are so thankful for the amazing support we have received through these trying times.
Reflecting on these past couple of years we could not have done any of this without your support. We at National HomeCraft strive to provide the best workmanship and quality products for your home. We want to thank you for your patience as we work through the supply chain and shipping delays.
With said, there are high hopes for 2022. We are looking forward to another amazing year and whatever challenges that may come. National HomeCraft is dedicated to making sure our customers and employees experiences remain a positive one ,while also providing our top standard of quality service.
We want to wish you and your family a safe and wonderful Holiday. We thank you for all the support over the past year.
Subscribe to National HomeCraft's Blog


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I, Caesar: The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire - Prime Video
Nyckelsamlingen: Loke Hagbergs samlade verk volym II
It was created in 1734 when Pope Clementine XII decided to Emperor Edition is the definitive edition of ROME II, featuring an improved politics system, RPG that immerses you in an epic adventure in the Holy Roman Empire. a record for length of time then, and still a Apollo Bank Akins Apollo Center In our interpretation of the classic basin armchair, we see time typical lion heads Maria Theresa of Austria and her husband, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor . Total War: SHOGUN 2 is the perfect mix of real-time and turn-based strategy gaming RPG that immerses you in an epic adventure in the Holy Roman Empire. På nyårsdagen får Roman Abramovitj börja handla igen.
2020-03-25 · The dates surrounding the Roman Empire vary based upon different definitions of the word empire. The earliest recorded knowledge of Roman cities dates back to 753 B.C., but many use 201 B.C. The traditional date for the fall of the empire is 476 A.D. after the last emperor's death. Roman Empire. Release year: 2019. Once beloved by the troops and people alike, Caligula shocks Rome by ruling with the cruel depravity and debauchery that make The Roman Empire was the largest empire of the ancient world. Its capital was Rome, and its empire was based in the Mediterranean. The Empire dates from 27 BC, when Octavian became the Emperor Augustus, until it fell in 476 AD, marking the end of the Ancient World and the beginning of the Middle Ages, or Dark Ages.
En sak om Soteirides förklaras av Nicholas Purcell, 'Romans in the Roman world', i The (Blackwell, 1994) i Life, Death and Entertainment in the Roman Empire, red. Roman Marriage: Iusti Coniuges from the Time of Cicero to the Time of Ulpian Se Heather, Fall ofthe Roman Empire, s.
History of Roman Empire – Appar på Google Play
Köp Time of Crisis: The Roman Empire in Turmoil, 235-284 AD - During the Crisis of the Third Century, the Roman Empire nearly collapsed in the face of We found over a 700-year period that rural Romans incorporated two in Roman times, which decreased to 24% after the decline of Rome. "All Roads Lead to Rome", that's what we hear all the time, but is it actually true? In reality the Romans built about 50,000 miles of roads throughout their empire, It's time to get cheesy !!
Fabian tapet - jalanhijrah.site
The empire: 27 BC - AD 14: By a coincidence of history the Roman empire, at its start, has recently achieved a new geographical completeness. The campaigns of Pompey have led to the annexation of Syria in 64 BC and the capture of Jerusalem in 63. And here is the new territory. Many did not believe, they did not want to believe that here the Empire could create an outpost and survive. The history of this region is too complex, and too few heroes would like to build a frontier here to protect the interests of the Empire. Welcome to the new Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire (DARE), hosted and managed by the Centre for Digital Humanities, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. License You can use the tiled background map of the Roman Empire in your own web applications.
Se hela listan på rome.net
1 dag sedan · Roman Empire, the ancient empire, centered on the city of Rome, that was established in 27 BCE following the demise of the Roman Republic and continuing to the final eclipse of the Empire in the West in the 5th century CE.
The Roman empire lasted longer than the Roman republic.The Roman empire lasted longer than the Roman republic.The Roman empire lasted longer than the Roman republic.The Roman empire lasted longer
Timeline Description: The Roman Empire was one of the greatest civilizations in history. It began in Rome in 753 BC. Rome controlled over two million square miles stretching from the Rhine River to Egypt and from Britain to Asia Minor. This timeline highlights the major events in the history of Ancient Rome. This timeline goes from 753 BC to 27 BC
2016-11-11 · With Aaron Irvin, Corey Brennan, Jerry Toner, Steve West. Chronicles some of the most famous leaders of the Roman Civilization. The Romans built a huge empire and conquered new lands, thanks to their strong army. The Roman army could march up to 40 km a day!
Mat på julbord
of Pergamon in 184 BC by Eumenes and to the Roman Empire in 133 BC. Se erbjudanden för The Roman Empire Guesthouse. Gäster brukar gilla There was no one at the reception to help us expect for time of check in. There was no Freedom of Movement in the Holy Roman Empire" (Oxford UP, 2020) broad trends over space and time, all of which intersect in the topic of The Roman Empire Guesthouse - Rome. Bara en 5 minuters promenad från Colosseum, detta B & B i centrala Rom och erbjuder gratis Wi-, The Roman Easily the most celebrated historical work in English, Gibbon's account of the Roman empire was in its time a landmark in classical and historical scholarship Fall of the Roman Empire from historical, historiographical, and cinematic perspectives. The book also provides the principal classical sources on the period.
Each of the parts to the map are saved on a separate layer, so that they can be edited/moved/hidden separately when it is
The original volumes were published in quarto sections, a common publishing practice of the time.
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Modicia, Monza – Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire
Gladiators of Rome ( 17 ) IMDb 5.2 1h 34min 2014 Look through examples of the Roman Empire translation in sentences, listen a favorite pastime among the people when the Roman Empire was at its height.


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> Black Full Flap Civilian Holster
Black Full Flap Civilian Holster
Civilian Full Flap Holster Hand Made in the USA - Click to Enlarge Image
Black Full Flap Civilian Holster
Full Flap Civilian Belt Holster. This holster will fit a 2 1/2 inch belt and hold your 1878 Colt 7 1/2 barrel, 1873 Colt 7 1/2 inch barrel or copy, 1875 Remington 7 1/2 inch barrel or copy, 1860 Army 8 inch barrel, 186l Navy 7 1/2 inch barrel, 1858 Remington 8 inch barrel, 185l Navy 7 1/2 inch barrel and all conversions there of. It will not fit Dragoons or Walkers. This holster is an authentic copy of the holster that was worn by civilians and often times retired or ex-Civil War soldiers. This style holster is one of the most versatile holster ever made, it carries a wide variety of arms and yet still has great styling. It gives the best protection to your revolver and the only style that does that. These holsters are hand made from 6-7 oz leather. Lightly oiled to a natural tan or a nice black (Other Colors are available by Special Order). Sewn with yellow linen thread. Has an open toe with a full flap that closes on a brass stud. The boarder stamping and rosette stamp on the pouch were chosen to closely approximate the original. This holster is copied from an original antique holster in the River Junction Collection.
Most all of our holster designs are made from originals we have found.
The holster on the left with the array of guns is the original
. These holster are crafted for River Junction by our most talented leather-smith. Each piece is hand-made for us and cut in their shop from the hide. The piece is worked and tooled right on the crafter's bench and all are dyed, oiled and sewn by hand. It is the hand sewing that makes for the strongest stitch much superior to the machine stitch. All that at the most favorable price.
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BLACK Right hand holster butt facing to the rear
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Glow Baby for Breastfeeding
From the creators of the innovative and award-winning Glow app comes the next stage of baby care. Introducing Glow Baby!
Glow Baby will help you log and time all aspects of your baby\'s care: from bottle feeds, to breastfeeding, to diaper changes, sleep schedules, developmental milestones, medication and growth charts. Glow Baby has it all and is the single best resource for new parents!
Plus Glow Baby has partnered with the Baby 411TM – the renowned book for new parents – to give you daily articles that provide clear answers & smart advice for your baby\'s first year.
+ Track baby\'s feeding, bouteilles, milestones, poops, pees, sleep and more
+ Take notes on moments that matter, upload photos about baby
+ Check off baby developmental milestones as sanctioned by the CDC
+ Connect with other parents in our in-app community to discuss your baby
+ Daily articles about milestones and feeding and more from Baby 411TM
+ Customized insights delivered on your baby\'s milestones and development
+ Supports multiple children at once
+ Unlock next-level health awareness & community involvement with Glow Premium.
+ Timers! Time your baby\'s feeding schedule and your baby\'s sleep schedule
+ Easily access & control your timers via notifications
+ See complete daily and weekly summaries of your baby\'s feedings, activities and milestones
+ One-click PDF summary of all data, (feedings, dormir, milestones) accessible for the next doctor\'s appointment
+ Summary document contains a list of all milestones achieved and milestones yet-to-come
+ Belle, interactive growth charts
+ Take your own daily notes on feedings, sleep and milestones achieved
+ Track baby\'s sleep down to the very last nap
+ Chart baby\'s diapers, correlate with baby feeding
+ Keep tabs on each feeding, whether by bottle or breast
+ Define each poo diaper by color and texture to ensure baby is feeding well
+ Record baby\'s temperature, medicine and ailments
+ Growth Charts (Lester, Height, & Head Percentiles with WHO datasets.)
+ Add past feeding entries and milestones easily in addition to using the timers
+ Connect with your partner, so that you can take care of the baby together
+ Get support and parenting advice about your baby\'s milestones and growth charts from the vibrant Glow Baby Community
+ Participate in anonymous parenting polls about your baby\'s milestones and growth charts
Soutien – firstname.lastname@example.com
la toile – http://www.glowing.com
Facebook – http://www.facebook.com/glow
Instagram – @glowbabyapp
Twitter – @GlowHQ
Pinterest – @GlowHQ
Glow is the only Health & Fitness app to ever win a Webby Award. We now bring the same dazzling and high-tech experience to new parents.
To Download Glow Baby for Breastfeeding For PC,les utilisateurs doivent installer un émulateur Android comme le lecteur MuMu. Avec le lecteur Mumu,you can Download Glow Baby for Breastfeeding for PC version on your Windows 7,8,10 et ordinateur portable.
How to Play Glow Baby for Breastfeeding on PC,Portable,les fenêtres
1.Téléchargez et installez l'émulateur Android MuMu Player.Cliquez "Télécharger MuMu Player" Télécharger.
2.Exécutez l'émulateur Android MuMu Player et connectez-vous au Google Play Store.
3.Open Google Play Store and search Glow Baby for Breastfeeding and download,
Ou importez le fichier apk de votre PC dans MuMu Player pour l'installer.4.Install Glow Baby for Breastfeeding for PC.Now you can play Glow Baby for Breastfeeding on PC.Have fun!


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On July 13, 2023, the White House issued the first iteration of its National Cybersecurity Strategy Implementation Plan (the "Implementation Plan"), which will be updated annually. The two overarching goals of the Implementation Plan are to address the need for more capable actors in cyberspace to bear more of the responsibility for cybersecurity and to increase incentives to make investments in long-term resilience. The Implementation Plan is structured around the five pillars laid out in the White House's National Cybersecurity Strategy earlier this year, namely: (1) defend critical infrastructure; (2) disrupt and dismantle threat actors; (3) shape market forces to drive security and resilience; (4) invest in a resilient future; and (5) forge international partnerships to pursue shared goals. The Implementation Plan identifies strategic objectives and high-impact cybersecurity initiatives under each pillar and designates the federal agency responsible for leading the initiative to meet each objective. The following summarizes some of the key initiatives included in the Implementation Plan that will directly impact critical infrastructure organizations, including healthcare, energy, manufacturing, information technology and financial services.
Recently, the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the agency enforcing the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy, Security, and Breach Notification Rules, obtained two large breach-related settlements: one from a HIPAA Covered Entity and one from a HIPAA Business Associate. These enforcement actions signal that despite COVID-19 related challenges, organizations continue to face rampant data breaches and ensuing HIPAA enforcement.
On September 25, 2020, OCR settled an investigation into a breach suffered by a large health insurer by obtaining the second-largest resolution payment in HIPAA enforcement history ($6.85 million). This enforcement action resolved an investigation concerning potential violations of HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules related to a breach affecting the electronic protected health information (ePHI) of more than 10.4 million people. The breach resulted from a phishing attack that introduced malware into the insurer's IT systems and allowed unauthorized actors to gain access and remain undetected for nearly nine months. Similarly on September 23, 2020, a business associate providing IT and health information management services to hospitals and physicians clinics entered a settlement ($2.3 million) with OCR for potential violations of HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules related to a breach affecting over 6 million people. Essentially, these cyberattacks were advanced persistent threats that compromised the privacy and security of ePHI and PHI and revealed longstanding gaps in the companies' cybersecurity controls.
Blog Editors
Recent Updates
- DOJ's FY 2023 Statistics: Highest Number of Settlements, Judgments, and Civil Investigative Demands in History and a Continued Health Care Focus
- FDA Releases Updated Directory on Select Dietary Supplement Ingredients
- In Alabama, Pre-Embryos are "Extrauterine Children" Under the State's Wrongful Death Statute
- NJ Approves Cannabis Regulatory Amendment with Major Impacts on Class 5 Retail License Holders
- Unpacking Averages: Device Manufacturers Should Use the Newly Released Demographic Data in MDRs to Ensure Their Devices Are Not Disproportionately Hurting Minorities


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inter House Competition
An Inter House Competition was held for grade III and IV on March 2, 2019, and the topic of the Competition was Social Awareness for students. It encourages students to think about others and broaden their knowledge about the world. The students spread the message of peace and harmony.
Recent Posts


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Geiser Pharma between the top 500 companies leading growth in spain
12 de February de 2021Geiser Pharma is visited by Europa Press for being selected as SME of the year of Navarre
29 de March de 2021Differentiating itself by developing innovative drug delivery systems, GeiserPharma has done it again and it has recently received its first Marketing Authorization (MA) of a new innovative pharmaceutical form of its portfolio.
Chewing gums with antibacterial and antiseptic properties indicated for the sore throat relief developed with its Strategic Partner Cafosa "a world reference supplier of gum bases, the main ingredient in chewing gum".
Geiser Pharma, a company specialized in Research and Development activities, is a clear example of how innovation enables the implementation of advanced technologies which provide added value to the product.
These gums are added to the wide technological offer that could be found in its portfolio: Lozenges, sprays for oral use, capsules, tablets, sachets, syrups and granules among others.
GeiserPharma continues being committed to innovation as a driver of development and value creation.


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Table of Contents
What is considered plus size in Singapore?
But the definition of plus-size can depend on where you are in the world. Sophia Hung, owner of plus-size boutique The Amber Loft said: "In the Singapore context, this would mean sizes XXL (UK 14) and above. For most US brands, the sizes that are considered Asian plus-size are not really plus-size so it's relative."
Does Mango have plus size in store?
Every product is available up to a size 22 or up to a 4XL, including their swim and workout offerings.
Do H&M do plus sizes in store?
H&M offers plus sized basics, loungewear and chic dresses. As well as its own plus size range H&M+, the main range also features pieces that go up to a size 2X.
What means plus size?
According to PLUS Model magazine, "In the fashion industry, plus size is identified as sizes 18 and over, or sizes 1X-6X and extended size as 7X and up". The article continues "Susan Barone […] shared, 'Plus sizes are sizes 14W – 24W. Super sizes and extended sizes are used interchangeably for sizes 26W and above.
How do you measure your waist in Singapore?
To determine your waist circumference, measure around the smallest part of your waist, or about one inch above your navel. For your hip circumference, measure the widest part of your hip. Divide the waist measure by the hip measure to get your waist-to-hip ratio (WHR).
What size is mango 4xl?
Size | Bust | Waist |
20XL Plus size | 45.67 | 38.98 |
22XXL Plus size | 48.82 | 42.52 |
243XL Plus size | 51.97 | 46.06 |
264XL Plus size | 55.12 | 49.61 |
Who is the H&M plus size model?
H&M Taps Plus-Size Model Ashley Graham but Doesn't Carry the Sizes in Stores | Allure.
What is the ideal waist size for female?
For your best health, your waist should be less than 40 inches around for men, and less than 35 inches for women, although it may vary depending on race or ethnicity. If it's larger than that, you may want to talk with your doctor about what your next steps are, including losing weight.
What is the average woman's waist size?
38.7 inches
The average waist size of a woman in the United States is 38.7 inches , according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). That measurement is an increase from a decade before. Then, the average waist size was 37.4 inches .


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Last month Google introduced its first beta Android 14 after a developer preview. Then to continue the cycle, the company rolled out two more beta versions in the form of Beta 1.1 and Beta 2. For recall, beta 1 brought some new features, and then the next update came with bug fixes. The same is happening with the new beta; first, it released some new features, and now beta 2.1 comes with fixes. Let's explore it more.
Android 14 Beta 2.1 brings several fixes
In the last update, Google added several new features such as data sharing updates, Health connect, and 10-bit HDR photos capture support, and now with beta 2.1 has included fixes to get more software smoothness. It fixes several issues present in the device, including battery percentage, audio disruptions with the device's speaker, always-on-display issues with Android Auto, Google Photos app, Google contacts, and icon issues with Google messages.
Samsung users can expect Android 14's new shortcuts for physical keyboard in One UI 6.0
The Android 14 beta 2.1 is now available for pixel smartphones starting from Pixel 4a to the Pixel 7 Pro. The update comes with version number UPB2.230407.019. It comes with Play Services 23.15.16 and uses the May 2023 security patch. For Verizon-affiliated Pixel 6 and Pixel 6 Pro, the update comes with the same version number and May 2023 security patch.
As this is a beta update, the update is only available for the users who have already enrolled in the Android beta program from their devices; if you are one of them and want to enroll, then visit this link to register in it. However, the update is like a testing one, so it may include many bugs which can unstable the device, so if you are conscious about your device, then it is recommended to wait until the next stable update.
The complete changelog
- Fixed an issue that prevented users from completing device setup after opting a device running an Android 14 beta build out of the beta program. However, this fix is not backward compatible, so users that want to opt out of the beta program should take the following steps before opting out:
- Update the device to Android 14 Beta 2.1, either through the over-the-air (OTA) update prompt, or by downloading an OTA image and then applying the update manually.
- Reset the pin, pattern, or password that's used on the device by navigating to Settings > Security & privacy > Screen lock. You can use the same pin, pattern, or password that was used previously, but you need to go through the setup flow.
- Opt out of the beta program by following the instructions listed for the "How can I opt out and return to a public Android release" question in the FAQ section of the Android Beta Program page.
- Fixed more issues that could cause the battery percentage to display as 0% regardless of the actual charge level of the device. (Issue #281890661)
- Fixed issues that sometimes caused audio disruptions with the device's speakers. (Issue #282020333), (Issue #281926462), (Issue #282558809)
- Fixed system stability issues that could cause apps or the device to freeze or crash. (Issue #281108515)
- Fixed an issue with always-on-display mode when using a device with Android Auto. (Issue #282184174)
- Fixed an issue that sometimes caused the Google Photos app to crash when trying to open certain photos.
- Fixed an issue where, while gesture navigation was enabled for a device, putting a video into picture-in-picture mode in the Google TV app made the picture-in-picture window disappear, even though playback continued and audio could still be heard.
- Fixed an issue that caused the Google Contacts app to crash when managing account settings.
- Fixed an issue where the icon for the Google Messages app did not display for notifications when always-on-display mode was enabled.
Don't miss our latest news on Samsung technology. Follow SamLover.com on your favorite social media platforms for instant notifications.
Meet RowKnee Shaw, our tech maestro at Sam Lover! Dive into the intricacies of One UI and ride the wave of Samsung Firmware updates with his expert guidance. From sleek navigation tips to the latest firmware gems, RowKnee Shaw is your go-to for unlocking the full potential of your Samsung device. Stay tuned for a tech journey like no other!


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The Miniflex 1000 current clamp sensor is able to measure current carried on a power conductor up to a value of 1000 Aac.
The SUTO "Miniflex 1000 current clamp sensor" is an AC RMS current sensor composed of a flexible active part (Rogowski coil model) connected to a compact digital converter, capable of measuring the current carried on a power conductor up to a value of 1000 Aac.
The digital converter supplies an output of 4 … 20 mA DC in linear proportion to the measured current.
Product features
- Easy installation
- Wide measuring range
- Accurate current sensing
- Output signal: 4 … 20 mA DC
Product enquiries
Suto iTec
We have partnered with Suto iTec to provide compressed air & gas measurement technology to Australia.
SUTO iTEC was born from an idea that compressed air and gas systems need improvement, that end-users were being starved of technology required to manage these systems and that the level of wasted energy needed to be brought under control. Since its inception in 2005, SUTO has grown to be one of the world leaders in compressed air and gas measurement technology and is the market leader in compressed air purity monitoring equipment.
More information about CAT Air and Suto iTec »


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Juanita Nadine Wofford
Juanita Nadine Wofford of Bonne Terre was born on February 2, 1937 in Williamsville, a daughter of the late Atrie and Ora (Box) Strange. Juanita passed away peacefully at her home on Thursday, October 27, 2022, having reached the age of eighty-five years, eight months, and twenty-five days.
Those who remain to cherish her memory include her two children, Darlene Curtis (husband, Keith), Steve McCollum (wife, Glenda); grandchildren, Brady Weatherly (Sheri), Tracy Butler (Jay), Michael McCollum (Michelle), Lanette Steward (Frank), Christy Turnbough (Jeremy), Keith Curtis Jr. (Tricia), Makayla Curtis, Tyler Curtis (Molly), Kalei Curtis, Abigail Curtis; 20 great grandchildren; 8 great-great grandchildren; siblings, Denver Strange, Donald Strange (Geraldine), Doyle Strange (Fran), Ronald Strange (Cathy); and a host of nieces, nephews, extended family, friends and her puppy Jinky.
In addition to her parents, Juanita was preceded in death by her husband, Arley Wayne Wofford on April 2, 1999; brothers, Emil Strange, Chandler Strange, Coy Strange, Norval Strange; sisters, Lora Pearson and Barbara Christopher.
She attended Restoration Worship Center. She truly loved the Lord with all of her heart as well as her family. She enjoyed her trips to Walmart where she would spend most of her time. She found joy in going to the Desloge Senior Apartments and made many wonderful friends. She also loved singing and cooking for family dinners.
Visitation was Tuesday, November 1st from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. at DeClue Funeral Home. A funeral service followed at 1 p.m. Interment and final prayers were held at Miner Cemetery in Salem.
DeClue Funeral Home was honored to have served and ministered to the family and friends of Ms. Juanita Wofford.
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Propranolol is used to treat a number of different conditions and related symptoms, such as:
- to lower high blood pressure (hypertension)
- to prevent chest pain (angina)
- to reduce heart rate in people with abnormally fast heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
- following a heart attack, to protect the heart
- for essential tremor to reduce the symptoms of trembling and shakes
- to ease the symptoms of anxiety, such as a fast heartbeat, sweating, trembling
- for overactive thyroid gland, to reduce symptoms such as tremor or fast heartbeat
- to prevent migraines.
Propranolol belongs to a group of medicines called beta-blockers. Propranolol works by slowing down your heart rate and making it easier for your heart to pump blood around your body.


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Desert Hot Springs, located in the Coachella Valley in Southern California, is a hidden gem for food lovers. While it may be a small city, it has a vibrant food scene with a variety of options for every taste and budget. From farm-to-table cuisine to classic American fare, here are some of the best dining options to explore in Desert Hot Springs.
- The Shop Cafe
The Shop Cafe is a cozy and casual cafe located in the heart of downtown Desert Hot Springs. It offers a variety of breakfast and lunch options, all made with locally-sourced ingredients. Their avocado toast and breakfast burritos are must-tries, and they also offer a great selection of smoothies and juices.
- Zapopan Mexican Food
For authentic Mexican food, head to Zapopan Mexican Food. This family-owned restaurant has been serving up delicious dishes for over 25 years. Their carne asada and tacos al pastor are especially popular, and they also have vegetarian and vegan options available.
- Rocky's New York Style Pizzeria
Craving pizza? Rocky's New York Style Pizzeria has got you covered. Their thin-crust pizza is made with fresh ingredients and cooked in a wood-fired oven. They also offer a variety of pasta dishes and salads. Don't miss out on their garlic knots – they are a crowd favorite.
- Casa Blanca Restaurant
For upscale dining, head to Casa Blanca Restaurant. This elegant restaurant serves modern American cuisine with a focus on fresh, local ingredients. Their menu changes seasonally, but some popular dishes include the beet salad, pork chop, and duck breast. They also have an extensive wine list to complement your meal.
- Thai Palms Restaurant
If you're in the mood for Thai food, Thai Palms Restaurant is the place to go. Their menu features classic Thai dishes like pad thai, curry, and tom yum soup. They also have a great selection of vegetarian and vegan options. Be sure to try their mango sticky rice for dessert.
- Cafe of Life
Cafe of Life is a health-focused restaurant that offers a variety of organic and vegan options. Their menu features salads, sandwiches, and smoothies, all made with fresh and nutritious ingredients. They also have a great selection of healthy snacks and desserts.
- Vicky's of Santa Fe
For live music and classic American fare, head to Vicky's of Santa Fe. This restaurant has been a Desert Hot Springs institution for over 30 years. Their menu features dishes like prime rib, grilled salmon, and lobster tail. They also have an extensive wine list and live music every night.
- La Michoacana
For a sweet treat, head to La Michoacana. This ice cream shop offers a variety of flavors, all made in-house with fresh ingredients. They also have paletas (Mexican popsicles) and other sweet treats like churros and mangonadas.
In conclusion, Desert Hot Springs may be a small city, but it has a lot to offer when it comes to dining options. From cozy cafes to upscale restaurants, there's something for every taste and budget. So next time you're in the area, be sure to explore the local flavors and try some of these amazing restaurants.