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I. Introduction
1. The present report provides a comprehensive assessment of the implementation of Security Council resolution 1701 (2006) since the previous report of the Secretary-General was issued, on 26 February 2010 (S/2010/105).
2. The situation in the area of operations of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) remained generally stable during the reporting period. The cessation of hostilities established in August 2006 between Israel and Lebanon continued to hold, enabling the parties to enjoy the longest period of stability in their recent history. Yet, although the parties remained committed to the full implementation of resolution 1701 (2006), a number of violations occurred and no progress was recorded with regard to key obligations under the resolution. Amid allegations of continued arms transfers to Hizbullah, in violation of resolution 1701 (2006), a perceptible increase in tension between the parties was recorded during the reporting period. That raised the spectre of a miscalculation by either party leading to a resumption of hostilities, with potentially devastating consequences for Lebanon and the region.
3. Nevertheless, the functioning of the national unity Government in Lebanon over the past six months has translated into a broadening consensus among the country's leaders regarding the maintenance of domestic stability. Municipal elections were held throughout Lebanon during the month of May in a generally calm and peaceful atmosphere, which was disrupted only by a few unconnected, localized incidents.
4. Bilateral relations between Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic have continued to make progress. President Michel Sleiman met with President Bashar Al-Assad in Damascus on 15 June. Prime Minister Saad Hariri also met with President Al-Assad in Damascus on 18 and 30 May. Furthermore, a delegation of high-ranking Lebanese officials visited the Syrian capital twice during the reporting period for a review of agreements between the two countries.
5. The Gaza flotilla incident that occurred on 31 May raised tension in the region and reverberated strongly in Lebanon. A number of public demonstrations of protest against Israel and of solidarity with the victims were held throughout the country.
II. Implementation of Security Council resolution 1701 (2006)
6. Since the issuance of my previous report on the implementation of resolution 1701 (2006), Lebanese security agencies have continued to coordinate their investigations of alleged Israeli spy networks in Lebanon.
A. Situation in the UNIFIL area of operations
7. The situation in the mission's area of operations remained stable and generally quiet during the reporting period. The Governments of Lebanon and Israel reaffirmed their commitment to the cessation of hostilities and the implementation of resolution 1701 (2006).
8. The Israel Defense Forces continued their occupation of the northern part of Ghajar village and an adjacent area of land north of the Blue Line, in violation of resolution 1701 (2006). Notwithstanding the obligation of Israel to withdraw from the area, UNIFIL was actively engaged with both parties to facilitate such a withdrawal on the basis of its proposal of August 2008. Over the past three months, UNIFIL and the Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for Lebanon have held a number of talks with senior representatives of both parties. The discussions have recently intensified with a view to reaching a conclusion regarding this long-standing issue without further delay. In the latest development, on 14 June the Government of Lebanon conveyed to UNIFIL in writing its position on the Israeli response to date concerning the Force's proposal, reasserting Lebanese sovereignty over the area, rejecting changes to the proposal and reaffirming the willingness of Lebanon to continue discussions in the tripartite forum.
9. Israel Defense Forces aircraft — mostly unmanned aerial vehicles but also an increasing number of fighter jets — continued to make almost daily intrusions into Lebanese airspace. The overflights constitute violations of resolution 1701 (2006) and of Lebanese sovereignty. UNIFIL protested against all the air violations and asked Israel to cease them immediately. The Government of Lebanon also protested against the violations and demanded that they cease immediately. The Government of Israel maintained that the overflights were security measures that would be necessary until all relevant Security Council resolutions had been implemented, citing in particular the alleged lack of enforcement of the arms embargo as the reason for their continuation.
10. There were several incidents near the Blue Line and ground violations of the Blue Line from the Lebanese side during the reporting period. On 13 April, a tense stand-off occurred between the Lebanese Armed Forces and the Israel Defense Forces in the vicinity of the Lebanese village of Abbasiya, as work was being undertaken by the Israel Defense Forces south of the Blue Line but north of the technical fence. The situation was quickly defused by the mission's intervention and liaison with the parties. On 16 April, a group of Lebanese civilians, led by a Lebanese member of Parliament, demonstrated against the earlier Israel Defense Forces works in the area. The demonstrators crossed the Blue Line, dismantled a concertina-wire fence and placed Lebanese flags on the Israeli technical fence. Lebanese Armed Forces personnel subsequently crossed the Blue Line to put an end to the demonstration and return the civilians north of the Blue Line.
11. On 23 April, another demonstration, led by the same Lebanese member of Parliament, gathered close to the Blue Line, in the Shab'a farms area. A group of four Lebanese civilians, ignoring the warnings of UNIFIL, crossed the Blue Line and photographed the area. Subsequently, Lebanese Armed Forces personnel persuaded the civilians to return north of the Blue Line.
12. Throughout those two incidents, UNIFIL was in contact with both parties and emphasized the primary responsibility of the parties to respect the Blue Line in its entirety as identified by the United Nations, as well as the need to act with maximum restraint and to refrain from any action that could heighten tension in the area. Lebanese officials, while acknowledging that Lebanese civilians had crossed the Blue Line on 16 and 23 April, conveyed to UNIFIL the limitations faced by the Lebanese Armed Forces in physically stopping Lebanese civilians from attempting to gain access to what they consider Lebanese lands occupied by Israel south of the Blue Line. Nonetheless, they reaffirmed the continued commitment of the Government of Lebanon to respecting the Blue Line in its entirety and pledged their full support for the mission in preventing such violations. UNIFIL and the Lebanese Armed Forces are discussing how to improve security control and monitoring in these sensitive areas in order to prevent further Blue Line violations.
13. In addition, a number of mostly inadvertent ground violations of the Blue Line were committed, primarily by Lebanese shepherds and farmers tending livestock or working in their fields. Construction workers on the Lebanese side of the Hasbani River, to the south of Ghajar, violated the Blue Line on two occasions with their building equipment, temporarily increasing tension in the area. At least four violations by civilians in the same area also occurred. Those violations highlighted the need for continued progress in the visible marking of the Blue Line. UNIFIL and Lebanese Armed Forces soldiers continued to take action to warn the local population about the position of the Blue Line in an effort to prevent inadvertent violations. Furthermore, on 17 March a foreign national was arrested by the Lebanese Armed Forces for having violated the Blue Line near Addaisseh, and on 4 April a UNIFIL patrol intercepted an apparent attempt at smuggling from Ghajar into Lebanon. The perpetrator subsequently fled back into the village. In addition, verbal abuse and threatening gestures were exchanged by the sides across the Blue Line on several occasions, involving both military personnel and civilians.
14. Steady progress continues to be made in the process of visibly marking the Blue Line. Both parties recently confirmed their agreement to mark a fifth sector, bringing to 38 km the total length of the Blue Line agreed to be marked thus far. As part of the project, UNIFIL demining teams clear minefields and dispose of unexploded ordnance in order to allow access for the measuring of coordinates and the construction of Blue Line markers. Construction work by the Lebanese Armed Forces on the first stage of the Blue Line road project — in which existing roads are being linked through the construction of 11 road connections — is ongoing, with support being provided by UNIFIL engineering assets.
15. UNIFIL and the Lebanese Armed Forces maintained their respective installations and continued their respective daily operational activities, comprising patrols, checkpoints and observation points, and UNIFIL continued its helicopter patrols. In addition, the two forces continued their joint operational activities, including an average of 15 counter-rocket-launching operations during each 24-hour period and daily coordinated foot patrols along the Blue Line, and operated 12 co-located checkpoints, six of which are on the Litani River. As called for in resolution 1884 (2009), efforts between the two forces to increase the efficiency of their coordinated activities were ongoing. The Lebanese Armed Forces deployment in the UNIFIL area of operations remained at the level of three heavy brigades. The brigades were complemented by one mechanized battalion and two anti-tank companies, for a total Lebanese Armed Forces strength of some 6,500 soldiers.
16. Moreover, UNIFIL and the Lebanese Armed Forces continued to conduct mostly tactical joint exercises, including one to improve the coordination among the UNIFIL battalion, sector mobile reserves and the Lebanese Armed Forces. Four mediation skills training sessions were conducted to provide Lebanese Armed Forces and UNIFIL officers with conflict sensitivity and conflict resolution skills. The Maritime Task Force continued to provide regular training to Lebanese naval forces at sea and on land.
17. In general, UNIFIL exercised freedom of movement throughout its area of operations, carrying out approximately 10,000 patrols each month. On several occasions, however, mission patrols were temporarily halted by local civilians. In the most serious incident, on 4 March, civilians blocked the route of a UNIFIL patrol investigating, in coordination with the Lebanese Armed Forces, the firing of automatic weapons in the village of As-Suwwanan (Sector West). While carrying out a foot patrol in the village, three UNIFIL personnel were slightly injured, and two UNIFIL vehicles were damaged during a scuffle with civilians who stopped the patrol. On 15 April, UNIFIL military Geographic Information System personnel working in the vicinity of Qabrikha (Sector West) were stopped by a group of four unarmed persons who blocked the road with their vehicles and prevented the mission personnel from continuing their activity or moving away. They took a UNIFIL computer, Global Positioning System equipment and documentation and threatened the peacekeepers. On 17 May, a group of civilians confronted a team of UNIFIL military police investigating a minor traffic accident and took a camera from them. On 21 May, civilians, believing that a UNIFIL patrol in Khirbat Silm (Sector West) had taken photographs of the area, took two small handheld computers from the patrol. On 8 June, UNIFIL military close-protection personnel were stopped by unarmed persons near Ain Ebel, in Sector West, who demanded that they hand over their Global Positioning System equipment. The UNIFIL personnel accompanied the civilians to the Aytaash Shab municipality, where they agreed to hand over the equipment. Subsequently, the UNIFIL vehicle was searched and additional items, including maps, notebooks and working documents, were taken. The Lebanese authorities were able to retrieve all the items and to return them to UNIFIL intact. In addition, Lebanese civilians, including children and youths, threw stones at UNIFIL patrols on a number of occasions, which at times resulted in damage to mission vehicles. As previously reported, UNIFIL activities were occasionally monitored by civilians in various areas.
18. The UNIFIL Force Commander raised the subject of the mission's freedom of movement with the Lebanese authorities and the Lebanese Armed Forces at the highest levels. He received assurances from all officials that UNIFIL would enjoy unimpeded freedom of movement in its area of operations. The Lebanese Armed Forces emphasized the sensitivities involved in patrolling populated areas, which could be seen as intrusive and as infringing on the privacy of the population, or in carrying out specific technical activities that could be misinterpreted. The Lebanese Armed Forces suggested that UNIFIL personnel be accompanied by Lebanese Armed Forces when carrying out such activities. While the concerns of the civilian population are understood by UNIFIL and taken into account to the extent possible, the mission is obliged to maintain its independent freedom of movement so that it can carry out its mandate.
19. Except with regard to the incidents described above, the attitude of the local population towards UNIFIL remained generally positive. The mission's Civil Affairs and Civilian-Military Cooperation units maintained close contact with local communities, seeking to swiftly resolve any issues that could give rise to problems and to mitigate the effects of the Force's significant operational activities on the daily lives of local residents. The provision of humanitarian, infrastructural, capacity-building and vocational training support through the activities of troop-contributing countries and projects funded from the UNIFIL budget reinforced the strong relations between UNIFIL and the local population.
20. UNIFIL continued to assist the Lebanese Armed Forces in taking steps towards the establishment between the Blue Line and the Litani River of an area free of any armed personnel, assets and weapons other than those of the Government of Lebanon and of UNIFIL, in accordance with resolution 1701 (2006).
21. The Government of Israel maintains that Hizbullah is continuing to build up its military presence and capacity, including within the UNIFIL area of operations. It also charges that Hizbullah has established a military structure inside the villages in southern Lebanon, which includes command and control posts, observation points, weapon storage facilities and specialized combat units. In addition, Israel claims that unauthorized weapons are being transferred into Lebanon, including into the UNIFIL area of operations. In cooperation with the Lebanese Armed Forces, the mission immediately investigates any claim regarding the illegal presence of armed personnel or weapons in the area if specific information is received. To date, UNIFIL has neither been provided with, nor found, evidence of the unauthorized transfer of arms into its area of operations.
22. UNIFIL remains determined to act with all necessary means within its mandate and to the full extent provided for in its rules of engagement. However, under its mandate, the mission cannot search private houses and properties unless there is credible evidence of a violation of resolution 1701 (2006), including an imminent threat of hostile activity emanating from that specific location. The Lebanese Armed Forces Command reconfirmed that it will act immediately on receiving evidence of unauthorized armed personnel or weapons in the area and put a stop to any illegal activity in contravention of resolution 1701 (2006) and relevant Government decisions, specifically those concerning the illegal presence of armed personnel and weapons south of the Litani River. Furthermore, UNIFIL routinely checked previously discovered former facilities of armed elements in the area of operations, including bunkers and caves, but found no indication that they had been reactivated and no evidence of new military infrastructure in its area of operations. On 18 June, during works being carried out on a road in the vicinity of Ghajar, UNIFIL engineers found approximately 340 kg of explosives buried in the ground. The explosives were in a deteriorating condition and apparently dated from the period before the hostilities in 2006. The explosives were not set to be activated, and there were no detonators attached. UNIFIL informed the Lebanese army and handed over the explosives to the Lebanese authorities.
23. The Lebanese Armed Forces and UNIFIL continued to take coordinated measures aimed specifically at ensuring that there were no armed elements in the area, discovering and removing all weapons and related materiel that might still be present and preventing the possible unauthorized transfer of weapons across the Litani River. These remained objectives requiring long-term sustained efforts.
24. UNIFIL encountered no unauthorized armed personnel in the area of operations during the reporting period other than individuals armed with hunting rifles, who were engaged in hunting activities. In May, the Lebanese Armed Forces once again issued a statement reminding citizens that such activities were in violation of Lebanese law, as well as resolution 1701 (2006). The Lebanese Armed Forces detained a number of individuals and confiscated their weapons; others managed to flee. In addition, armed persons and weapons were present inside Palestinian refugee camps in the area of operations.
25. The Maritime Task Force continued to carry out its dual mandate of conducting maritime interdiction operations in the area of maritime operations and training the Lebanese naval forces. The Lebanese navy continued to contribute successfully to the maritime operations by hailing vessels approaching Lebanese ports and by compiling a recognized local maritime surface picture over the territorial waters with the assistance of the Coastal Radar Organization. Since its mission began, in October 2006, the Maritime Task Force has hailed and queried some 30,500 vessels. Since my previous report, an additional 259 inspections had been carried out as at 21 June on vessels identified as suspicious. Lebanese navy and customs officials inspected the vessels to verify that there were no unauthorized arms or related materiel on board and cleared all of them. During combined maritime interdiction operation exercises, Lebanese navy personnel demonstrated that the navy had gained the ability to conduct such operations and that significant progress had been made in controlling Lebanese territorial waters through the use of the coastal radars. However, Lebanese navy maritime operations remain restricted owing to the lack of an adequate number of vessels, including vessels that can operate in bad weather conditions.
26. Incidents along the line of buoys continued several times per week, with Israel Defense Forces navy units dropping depth charges and firing flares and warning shots along the buoy line. The Israel Defense Forces stated that these were security measures against Lebanese fishing vessels approaching the line of buoys. While UNIFIL has no mandate to monitor the line of buoys, which the Government of Israel installed unilaterally and which the Government of Lebanon does not recognize, the issue has been raised in the tripartite forum, and the Force Commander has expressed his concern that the incidents help to increase tension between the parties.
B. Security and liaison arrangements
27. Tripartite meetings, attended by senior representatives of the Lebanese Armed Forces and the Israel Defense Forces and chaired by the Force Commander, remained a critical mechanism for regular liaison and coordination between UNIFIL and the parties, as well as for building confidence between the parties. Both parties relied on the tripartite forum as the principal mechanism for addressing security and military operational issues related to the implementation of resolution 1701 (2006). The reports on the investigation into the discovery of explosives south of Al Khiyam on 26 December 2009 and the 31 January 2010 incident involving a Lebanese shepherd were discussed at the meetings. The parties affirmed their commitment to the implementation of resolution 1701 (2006) and the significance of the tripartite meetings in enhancing security and stability.
28. In late April, at a meeting held to consider all aspects of the joint technical review conducted by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UNIFIL and actions that the Lebanese Armed Forces would take to complement those of UNIFIL, the senior commands of the two forces also held preliminary discussions concerning the development of a strategic dialogue mechanism. The objective of such dialogue would be to review regularly the correlation between the capacities and responsibilities of UNIFIL and those of the Lebanese Armed Forces, with a view to identifying Lebanese Armed Forces requirements for the accomplishment of tasks mandated in resolution 1701 (2006).
29. In addition, UNIFIL and the Lebanese Armed Forces continued their regular interaction at the operational and tactical levels. They maintained daily liaison at relevant levels, including through the placement of Lebanese Armed Forces liaison officers at UNIFIL headquarters and at the sector level, and the placement of a UNIFIL liaison officer at Lebanese Armed Forces headquarters for the South Litani Sector in Tyre.
30. UNIFIL and the Israel Defense Forces also maintained regular and efficient liaison and coordination. The UNIFIL Force Commander maintained effective relations with his Israel Defense Forces counterparts, and other senior Israeli authorities, and UNIFIL liaison officers continued to be co-located at the Israel Defense Forces Northern Command headquarters. No progress has been made in establishing a UNIFIL office in Tel Aviv.
C. Disarming armed groups
31. Security Council resolution 1701 (2006) calls for the full implementation of the relevant provisions of the Taif Accords, and of resolutions 1559 (2004) and 1680 (2006), which require the disarmament of all armed groups in Lebanon, so that there will be no weapons or authority in Lebanon other than that of the Lebanese State. Hizbullah continues to maintain a substantial military capacity distinct from that of the Lebanese State, in violation of resolutions 1559 (2004) and 1701 (2006). Detailed briefings on Hizbullah's alleged military capacity were recently provided by Israeli military authorities to representatives of the Lebanese Armed Forces and of the United Nations. In public pronouncements during the reporting period, Hizbullah's Secretary-General did not deny that Hizbullah had acquired new weapons, and he noted that it was prepared to respond to attacks by Israel against Lebanon. In a speech on 25 May, on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the withdrawal of Israeli troops from southern Lebanon, Hizbullah's Secretary-General vowed to counter any attack from Israel with a proportional military response. He also stated that Hizbullah would respond to any Israeli maritime blockade of Lebanon by targeting ships bound for Israeli ports in the Mediterranean.
32. On 8 April, an armed clash between members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC) in Qossaya, eastern Lebanon, resulted in at least one fatality. That incident highlighted once again the anomaly of PFLP-GC and Fatah al-Intifada military bases in Lebanon and the threat that they pose to Lebanon's sovereignty. The military bases are beyond the control of the State and, with the exception of Naame, near Beirut, straddle the border between Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic, posing an added challenge to Lebanon's control of the border, which is of concern to me. I have called upon the Government of Lebanon to dismantle those bases and on the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic to cooperate with these efforts. In that regard, I take note of the statement made on 3 March by the leader of Fatah al-Intifada, Abu Musa, that his organization's paramilitary bases could be relocated in coordination with the Lebanese authorities and that Palestinian weapons should be considered part of the discussion on Lebanon's national defence strategy in the National Dialogue. In fact, the National Dialogue decided in 2006 that Palestinian military groups outside the camps should be disarmed, and that decision was reaffirmed in the ministerial statement of November 2009. I believe it is time to make progress on that commitment.
33. It remains my firm conviction that the disarmament of Hizbullah and other militias should be achieved through a Lebanese-led political process. The political process has taken the form of the Lebanese National Dialogue. In accordance with the Doha Agreement of May 2008, the National Dialogue is chaired by the President and has on its agenda the adoption of a national defence strategy, which should, inter alia, address the issue of Hizbullah's arms. On 9 March, President Sleiman reconvened the National Dialogue for the first time since the parliamentary elections of June 2009. Under its new composition, the National Dialogue Committee has 19 participants in addition to the President, representing all major confessions and parties. The Committee held two additional meetings, on 15 April and 17 June.
34. At the meeting of the National Dialogue Committee held on 9 March, participants agreed to proceed with the discussion of a national defence strategy and to seek, through a committee of experts, to find commonalities among the proposals already presented by participants. The statement issued after the 15 April meeting reiterated the agreement among participants to continue discussions on the national defence strategy and encouraged participants to appoint representatives to the committee of experts. The meeting reaffirmed the commitment to agreements reached by the National Dialogue in 2006 and to work on their implementation. An additional meeting of the National Dialogue Committee was held on 17 June, at which the national defence strategy was discussed. It agreed to reconvene on 19 August.
35. Since its reconvening in May 2008, the National Dialogue has served to preserve domestic stability, in particular prior to the parliamentary elections of June 2009 and the municipal elections of May 2010. In compliance with the mandate given to the National Dialogue to arrive at a national defence strategy, a number of participants have presented their positions on this issue. To date, not all participants have nominated their members to the committee of experts, which does not seem to meet regularly. The decision taken by the National Dialogue in 2006 regarding the disarmament of Palestinian military groups outside the refugee camps and security inside the camps, which was included in the commitments undertaken by the Government in its ministerial statement of November 2009, has yet to be implemented. At recent meetings, a number of participants refused to allow the issue of Hizbullah's weapons to be broached, arguing that discussion in the National Dialogue should not serve to question the "resistance" but should, instead, focus on reaching agreement on a national defence strategy. I encourage participants to remain focused on the development of a national defence strategy that will address the relationship between armed groups and the State, with a view to completing the disarmament of armed militias, as called for by resolutions 1559 (2004) and 1701 (2006).
D. Arms embargo
36. In resolution 1701 (2006), the Security Council called upon the Government of Lebanon to secure its borders and other entry points so as to prevent the entry of arms and related materiel without its consent. The Council also decided that all States were to prevent the sale or supply of arms and related material to entities or individuals in Lebanon by their nationals or from their territories using their flag vessels or aircraft. During the reporting period, the Government of Lebanon did not report any breach of the arms embargo imposed by resolution 1701 (2006).
37. On 13 April, the President of Israel, Shimon Peres, asserted that the Syrian Arab Republic had provided Scud missiles to Hizbullah, an allegation that was subsequently echoed by other senior Israeli officials. This was reiterated to my Special Coordinator during visits to Israel in late April and early June. Officials emphasized that the Scud missiles were only part of what they regarded as the vast arsenal that Hizbullah had accumulated. Concerns regarding the alleged transfer of sophisticated weapons to Hizbullah were also raised by officials from the United States of America. Lebanese and Syrian authorities have categorically denied that any transfer of such missiles took place. For his part, Hizbullah's Secretary-General stated publicly that he neither confirmed nor denied the acquisition by his party of such weaponry. The United Nations does not have the means to verify that information independently.
38. The allegations concerning the Scud missiles greatly increased tensions between Israel, Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic during the reporting period. Rhetoric escalated rapidly, creating the perception among the public that a resumption of conflict was imminent. At the time of the writing of the present report, tensions appeared to have subsided, owing mostly to the messages conveyed by Israeli and Syrian officials making clear that a confrontation was not desired and to the diplomatic actions undertaken by Prime Minister Hariri and several Arab and European Governments, as well as by the United States and the United Nations itself.
39. At the policy level, the Government of Lebanon remains committed to the development of a comprehensive strategy for the management of its borders, in line with the recommendations of the Lebanon Independent Border Assessment Team. Following the announcement by Prime Minister Hariri on 2 February of his commitment to adopting such a national border management strategy, on 3 March the Cabinet appointed a State Minister to oversee the strategy. An initial draft strategy, which was developed in consultation with various security agencies, has been prepared and awaits further examination before transmission to the Cabinet for approval. My Special Coordinator is in close contact with ambassadors from donor countries, which remain committed to supporting the Government's efforts to improve the management of its borders, including the implementation of the strategy, once it has been made public. Donors would welcome early interaction at the technical level with the Government of Lebanon on this issue.
40. The deployment by Lebanon of security personnel for the effective management of its border with the Syrian Arab Republic remains unchanged. The Common Border Force, comprising some 700 personnel from four Lebanese security agencies (Armed Forces, Internal Security Forces, General Security and Customs), continued its operations along a stretch of 90 km of the northern border. On the eastern border, which has a total length of 210 km, the Lebanese Armed Forces continues to deploy approximately 500 troops and the Internal Security Forces some 200 personnel on a stretch of 80 km immediately adjacent to the area of operations of the existing Common Border Force, with a view to integrating them in a Common Border Force II, which will come into existence once the other two security agencies have assigned personnel to it and the necessary material conditions have been met. The Government expects the support of the international community in order to render the Common Border Force II operational.
41. Inevitably, the effective management of Lebanon's borders continues to be affected by the fact that the border between Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic has not been delineated and by the continued presence of Palestinian military bases which straddle the border between the two countries. Furthermore, the overall management of the border between Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic is dependent on the extent to which there is actual cooperation on border management between security agencies from the two countries. I have called upon the Government of Lebanon to dismantle the bases and on the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic to cooperate with such efforts. According to Lebanese officials, this cooperation is still nascent and requires further development. I am confident that progress will be made in this respect in coming months.
E. Landmines and cluster bombs
42. The Lebanese Mine Action Centre continues to coordinate humanitarian clearance operations in southern Lebanon through the Regional Mine Action Centre in Nabatiye. The United Nations Mine Action Coordination Centre continues to liaise between UNIFIL and the Regional Centre in respect of operations, accreditation and quality assurance. During the reporting period, four new cluster-bomb strike locations were identified and recorded, bringing to 1,121 the total number of locations to date.
43. During the reporting period, seven incidents involving unexploded ordnance from the 2006 conflict occurred, resulting in injury to six civilians and one deminer. The incidents bring the total number of fatalities and injuries among civilians since the end of the conflict to 30 and 252, respectively, and among demining personnel resulting from clearance activities since August 2006 to 60, with 14 fatalities and 46 injuries.
F. Delineation of borders
44. While the delineation and demarcation of the border between Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic is a bilateral issue, the Security Council, in paragraph 4 of its resolution 1680 (2006), strongly encouraged the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic to respond positively to the request by the Government of Lebanon to delineate their common border, especially in those areas where the border is uncertain or disputed, as this would constitute a significant step towards improved management of the border, guaranteeing Lebanon's sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence and improving relations between the two countries. In resolution 1701 (2006), the Council reiterated that call.
45. At their meeting on 14 August 2008, Presidents Al-Assad and Sleiman decided to reactivate the Lebanese-Syrian border committee, which is tasked with delineating and delimiting the border. Since the Government of Lebanon communicated to the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic the names of its representatives on the committee, the Lebanese delegation has held a number of preparatory meetings, but a meeting of the full committee with Syrian counterparts has not yet been held. On 15 June, Presidents Sleiman and Al-Assad held a meeting in Damascus during which they agreed to initiate the process of border delineation and demarcation as soon as possible.
46. No progress was recorded on the issue of the Shab'a farms area. In spite of my repeated requests, I have not received any response from Israel, which continues to occupy the area, or from the Syrian Arab Republic to the provisional definition of the area contained in my report on the implementation of resolution 1701 (2006) issued on 30 October 2007 (S/2007/641). Syrian officials have continued to affirm their recognition that the Shab'a farms area is Lebanese, but insist on Israel's withdrawal from the area before delineation can occur.
III. Security and safety of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
47. The safety and security of UNIFIL staff remains a priority. Notwithstanding the obligation of all parties to ensure the safety and security of the Force and the responsibility of the Government of Lebanon for maintaining law and order, UNIFIL continued to apply risk-mitigating measures for its personnel, assets and installations while ensuring mandate implementation. The Force continued to receive security threats during the reporting period. On 23 April, a small quantity (approximately 150 g) of explosives was detected in a civilian vehicle parked outside the UNIFIL Sector East headquarters. UNIFIL and the Lebanese authorities and the Lebanese Armed Forces continued their cooperation and joint efforts to ensure that security threats to UNIFIL are addressed appropriately.
48. UNIFIL continued to monitor cases in the Lebanese military court against individuals or groups accused of being involved in planning or attempting to carry out attacks against UNIFIL. One case, against 13 Palestinian defendants who had been accused of, inter alia, forming an armed group, monitoring and attacking the Lebanese Armed Forces and monitoring UNIFIL with intent to attack with explosive devices and weapons, was concluded. The judge sentenced 12 of the 13 defendants —
9 of whom remain at large and were tried in absentia — to prison terms with hard labour and acquitted the other. The judge also sentenced 13 defendants, 11 of whom remain at large and were tried in absentia, and acquitted 1 in a case involving a failed roadside bomb attack on UNIFIL personnel in Tyre in July 2007. A second, related case is ongoing. Court proceedings also began against a group of Palestinians accused of enlisting in an armed terror cell with the objective of, inter alia, monitoring UNIFIL and carrying out terrorist acts by planting and detonating explosive devices.
49. In the attacks on UNIFIL personnel carried out in July 2007 and January 2008, there are no developments to report in respect of those individuals who have been convicted and sentenced for the attacks but remain at large. Spanish and Lebanese authorities continue their respective investigations, in close cooperation, into the attack on UNIFIL on 24 June 2007, in which six peacekeepers serving with the Spanish contingent were killed. The Spanish investigative judge requested additional information from the Lebanese judicial authorities.
IV. Deployment of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
50. As at 15 June 2010, the total military strength of UNIFIL was 11,769, of whom 477 were women. The mission has 317 international and 655 national civilian staff members, of whom 84 and 165, respectively, are women. UNIFIL is also supported by 53 United Nations Truce Supervision Organization military observers of the Observer Group Lebanon, none of whom are women. The Nepalese company of 150 personnel arrived in May 2010, as expected, while the armoured personnel carriers were still due to arrive. A Sri Lankan force protection company and a Cambodian demining company are scheduled to join UNIFIL in August. UNIFIL is in the process of implementing the recommendations of the joint technical review conducted by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UNIFIL, including the recommended adjustments to the force structure, assets and requirements. In accordance with resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security, a UNIFIL Gender Unit has been established and a mission-wide gender task force of military and civilian personnel has been initiated.
51. In accordance with the decision of the General Assembly in its resolution 62/265, the Strategic Military Cell will terminate its functions effective 30 June, at which time they will be fully integrated within the reinforced Office of Military Affairs of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (see S/2008/425 para. 58).
52. Italy maintained the leadership of the Maritime Task Force throughout the period. At the time of writing, it was not possible to identify a lead nation for the Maritime Task Force to succeed Italy when its leadership comes to an end on 30 June. Therefore, the Maritime Task Force will temporarily have to carry out its tasks under an onshore command until a lead nation comes forward. UNIFIL and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations have developed a contingency plan in that regard and are putting in place the additional staff and communications requirements for an onshore command arrangement so as to ensure that the Maritime Task Force, as an interim measure, can continue to implement its mandate in a safe and effective manner. Early in May, one frigate and one patrol boat from Bangladesh joined the Maritime Task Force, bringing the total strength to eight vessels, with a composition of two frigates, three corvettes, two fast patrol boats and one supply vessel, complemented by one helicopter.
V. Observations
53. The continued respect of the cessation of hostilities and the Blue Line by Israel and Lebanon is the best guarantee that relative calm will continue to prevail in the area. Yet the situation remains fragile. More work remains to be done by the parties to advance the full implementation of resolution 1701 (2006) and to take the steps recommended in previous reports and reiterated in the present report. It is the responsibility of the parties to focus on all outstanding issues in order to reach a permanent ceasefire and a long-term solution, as envisaged in resolution 1701 (2006). At the moment, they are not doing enough in this regard.
54. The new strategic environment and the relative stability prevailing in southern Lebanon that UNIFIL has helped to establish, in cooperation with the Lebanese Armed Forces, offer a window of opportunity for the parties to make progress on their obligations. As I have stated in previous reports, the opportunity that the UNIFIL presence has created and the existing financial and troop commitments cannot be maintained indefinitely. I have asked my Special Coordinator to engage the parties in a process towards achieving a permanent ceasefire, in close coordination with the UNIFIL Force Commander. I urge the parties to seize the opportunity to make tangible progress in this respect in the coming months.
55. Israel must withdraw its forces from northern Ghajar and an adjacent area north of the Blue Line, in accordance with resolution 1701 (2006). I urge the Government of Israel to expedite the withdrawal of the Israel Defense Forces from the area without further delay. UNIFIL continues to stand ready to facilitate such a withdrawal.
56. I am concerned about the fact that the Israel Defense Forces continue to violate resolution 1701 (2006) and Lebanese sovereignty on an almost daily basis through overflights of Lebanese territory. These overflights create a tense situation and have the potential to trigger an incident that could rapidly escalate. They run counter to UNIFIL objectives and efforts to reduce tensions, and have a negative impact on the credibility of the Lebanese Armed Forces and UNIFIL. I call once again on Israel to respect Lebanon's sovereignty by ceasing immediately all overflights of Lebanese territory.
57. I am also concerned about the ground violations of the Blue Line that have occurred in recent months. The inherent risk of escalating the security situation that these incidents carry cannot be overstated. I wish to recall that the identification of the Blue Line in 2000 was solely the responsibility of the United Nations for the practical purpose of confirming the withdrawal of the Israel Defense Forces from Lebanon in compliance with resolution 425 (1978), without prejudice to future border agreements. Both sides, despite their respective reservations in 2000 about the Blue Line, undertook to respect the Line in its entirety as identified by the United Nations. I therefore call on both parties to do their utmost to prevent violations of the Blue Line, to act with maximum restraint and to refrain from taking any measures close to the Blue Line that could lead to misunderstandings or be perceived by the other side as provocative. In particular, the Government of Lebanon must prevent violations of and respect the Blue Line in its entirety.
58. Increased support for the Lebanese Armed Forces remains critical. The Lebanese Armed Forces, in partnership with UNIFIL, play a key role in the implementation of resolution 1701 (2006). They have continued to act with strong commitment and resolve, and their capacity has been gradually strengthened with the assistance of international donors. I am grateful to those countries that are helping to equip and train the Lebanese Armed Forces, including the navy, and I urge the international community to continue this critically required support to Lebanese Armed Forces capacity-building. Such support is essential if the Lebanese Armed Forces are to be able to assume effective responsibility for security over the area of UNIFIL operations and the maritime entry points into Lebanon in the future. I welcome the endorsement by the Lebanese authorities of the recommendation of the joint technical review conducted by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UNIFIL (see S/2010/86) for the formalization of a regular strategic dialogue mechanism between UNIFIL and the Lebanese Armed Forces, and I call on the Lebanese Government to take the decisions that will enable the process to commence as soon as possible.
59. I am concerned about the incidents during the reporting period that impeded the freedom of movement of UNIFIL and call on the Lebanese Armed Forces to ensure that UNIFIL is accorded full freedom of movement within its area of operations. Some of the restrictions on movement can be explained by the inconvenience caused by the presence of a military force in a civilian environment. Other restrictions, however, when seen together with the continued monitoring of UNIFIL by civilians, cannot but cast doubt on the motives of those involved.
60. I am grateful to all troop-contributing countries for their continued commitment to UNIFIL and to the implementation of resolution 1701 (2006). The need for such continued commitment and support, including the contribution of the troops and assets necessary to enable UNIFIL to efficiently and effectively perform all of its mandated activities on land and at sea, cannot be overstated. I wish to acknowledge the work of the Strategic Military Cell in having provided dedicated military support to UNIFIL since its establishment in 2006, and I have full confidence that the Office of Military Affairs of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations will continue to perform its functions after the termination of the Strategic Military Cell on 30 June. I also wish to commend the UNIFIL Force Commander and the military and civilian peacekeeping personnel who continue to play a critical role in helping to promote peace and stability in southern Lebanon, as well as the Special Coordinator for Lebanon and the staff of his Office.
61. I continue to believe that the functioning of the national unity Government in Lebanon provides a unique opportunity to take the measures outlined in the ministerial statement of November 2009 that would result in a strengthening of the Lebanese State. The search for consensus within the Government is critical to the maintenance of domestic stability in Lebanon. At the same time, this should not detract from the full implementation of obligations under resolution 1701 (2006) and other relevant resolutions, which remain the best guarantee for continued stability between Lebanon and Israel and for their progress towards peaceful, long-term arrangements to govern their relations.
62. I call on the friends and neighbours of Lebanon to do their utmost to support the strengthening of the State and the full implementation of Security Council resolutions. In particular, I welcome the marked improvement in the relations between Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic. I hope that this improvement will translate into progress on those bilateral issues that have a bearing on the implementation of resolution 1701 (2006).
63. The allegations by Israeli authorities regarding the transfer of Scud missiles from the Syrian Arab Republic to Hizbullah resulted in increased tension in the region in late April and early May. That tension once again illustrated the importance of control by Lebanon over its borders and of respect by all Member States for the prohibition against the transfer of arms and related materiel to entities or individuals in Lebanon without the consent of the Lebanese State, which are key elements of resolution 1701 (2006). I continue to be encouraged by the commitment of Prime Minister Hariri to developing a comprehensive border strategy for Lebanon, as called for by the Lebanon Independent Border Assessment Team, and reiterate the offer of assistance by the United Nations in this respect. I am grateful to Member States that are providing assistance in order to increase Lebanon's border-management capacity and call upon the international community to support future implementation of the country's comprehensive border strategy.
64. I welcome the commitment of the Presidents of Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic to delineating the common border between their countries and look forward to concrete steps being taken in this respect during the coming reporting period. I also intend to continue my diplomatic efforts aimed at resolving the issue of the Shab'a farms area. I call once again upon Israel and the Syrian Arab Republic to submit their responses to the provisional definition of the Shab'a farms area that I have provided on the basis of the best available information.
65. The United Nations regularly receives reports and specific allegations that Hizbullah maintains a vast arsenal and a significant military capacity. The United Nations does not have the means to verify this information independently. The presence of armed groups in Lebanon operating beyond the control of the State remains a matter of serious concern to me, as they challenge the ability of the State to exercise its full sovereignty and control over its territory. I continue to believe that the disarmament of armed groups should be carried out through a Lebanese-led political process that would result in bringing all arms under the control of the State. In this respect, I welcome the reconvening by President Sleiman of the National Dialogue Committee, which is mandated to formulate a national defence strategy. I encourage participants to establish a credible process for this endeavour and to adopt benchmarks against which progress could be assessed.
66. I call upon the Government of Lebanon to implement past decisions taken by the National Dialogue with respect to the elimination of Palestinian military bases, some of which straddle the border between Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic, and to address the issue of arms inside the official refugee camps, in compliance with its ministerial statement. Officials from the Syrian Arab Republic have stated that their Government is ready to support the efforts of the Government of Lebanon to achieve this goal, provided they receive a request from the Government of Lebanon in this respect.
67. The situation of Palestinian refugees living in Lebanon remains a subject of grave concern. I believe that more efforts need to be made to improve their living conditions, while ensuring the peaceful coexistence of the Lebanese and Palestinian communities and without prejudice to the settlement of the Palestinian refugee question in the context of a comprehensive Arab-Israeli peace agreement. I am concerned about serious shortfalls being faced by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) in funding for its regular programmes, aimed at delivering basic services to the Palestinian refugees, and for the reconstruction of the Nahr al-Bared camp, which was destroyed in 2007. I therefore call upon the Government of Lebanon and the donor community to make a concerted effort to address the dire socio-economic situation of the Palestinian refugee community as a matter of priority. I urge the international donor community, including regional countries, to continue and, wherever possible, increase their support for UNRWA activities.
68. While resolution 1701 (2006) is concerned primarily with the situation between Lebanon and Israel, I remain keenly aware that this situation is greatly influenced by dynamics affecting the region as a whole. In particular, the implementation by both parties of their obligations under the resolution takes place in a particular regional context that can either facilitate or render more difficult the actions required for implementation. Tangible progress on the Middle East peace process would have a positive impact on the full implementation of resolution 1701 (2006) and on the stability of Lebanon.
69. I call on both parties to take the steps necessary to achieve what Security Council resolution 1701 (2006) terms a long-term solution that would govern their relations. The achievement of that solution cannot and should not be dissociated from the need to achieve a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in the Middle East, based on all relevant resolutions of the Security Council, including resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973) and 1515 (2003). I call upon the parties and upon all Member States to work decisively towards this goal.


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by LEKEM LAKI
Intriguingly it is becoming very scary with the psychopath and pathological liar Peter O'Neil at the helm as Prime Minister remotely in control of the country. A lot has come undone by this ruthless regime whilst he and cronies make a good killing.
He has cleverly strategized to make all institutions of state become powerless or virtually being paralysed evident by prolonging of milestone court cases against PO and those of his close associates and others getting suspended sentence.
Every institutions of state are manipulated or intimidated in a way to remain mute or collude to leverage Peter O'Neil and his political cronies to hugely prosper at the expense of the naïve people of PNG.
My heart is pained to envisage people power is not rising to the occasion. The civil society appears paranoid and pessimistic but for what and why? Students alone can't fight the monster. The students have suffered a lot in missing classes and sustaining injury from police. It requires collective people power in solidarity to bring the evil regime down.
The constitution allows for freedom of assembly, freedom of expression, freedom of speech and freedom of gathering. However, this has been negated time and again and people are intimidated. Noel Anjo organised a gathering at Unagi oval on 26th October 2015 but by force dismissed the gathering by rogue Ben Turi team (read more visit herehttp://www.looppng.com/…/protest-leader-claims-anti-pm-marc…). On that occasion, people suffered police brutality. The same team fronted up the opposition leader one early morning to address the public at Jack Pindik oval.
Number of times, formal request put through but on purpose, being let down. It isn't inadvertent but intentional. They disguise by saying, peace and good order committee (P&GOC) did not give the permission. We don't need to know the composition of the P&GOC but apparently one thing is for sure, they are appointed by the government of the day and work for each other.
I suppose it isn't a clever tactic but thick-headed people of unsound mind using another level of bureaucracy to deny people of their constitutionality of freedom of assembly, gathering, speech and expression. It is suppression of the worse kind in this era.
The recent turn of events with students boycotting classes from all premier learning institutions (UPNG, Unitech, UoG, UoV, etc.) showcased the overwhelming discontentment with the totalitarian regime.
Deployment and heavy handed used of police over the students boycotting of classes particularly on eventful Wednesday (8th June 2016) police audaciously fired live ammunition aimed at defenceless students has Peter O'Neil's fingerprints all over ( as was reported on CNNhttp://edition.cnn.com/…/06/07/a…/png-protest-students-shot/).
In all of the episodes developed both recent and the past, there is a pattern being repeated here. Rogue police are singing the same chorus. No doubt, PO is remotely dictating the all affair.
Pathological liar can't distance or deviate from taking full responsibility for hurting students. I revert to a statement made by Sam Koim in Canberra on ABC news (for more reading & audio, visit; http://www.abc.net.au/…/koim-accuses-png-pm-of-corr…/5545112) paraphrased. When you get close to the source of the heat, you get burnt because of intensity of the heat emanating from the source. A better analogy would be, you chase wild animal and continue to pursue until it is cornered, animal turns around and faces the pursuer with aggression in its defence. It charges at the pursuer or if caught, it will do what it takes to extricate for freedom. In actuality, this is the exact situation because it is at the tail end of the O'Neil saga. He is cornered, he is caught, he is found wanting.
Anywhere within or abroad Peter O'Neil travels in the falcon jet, his lieutenant Peter Ipatas is always in company. When O'Neil appears before the camera, Ipatas is not too far off (to the side or in the background).
Ipatas isn't the king maker and he won't be one either. Nevertheless, he likes being around O'Neil as if both are inseparable identical twins though sharing a common name. He is pairing primarily to send a signal to his political rivals that he is that close and owns the prime ministership.
People are socially constructed and with progression of time, they in eventuality will find someone who would share something in commonality. People of the same interest gather to gather easily because of a common denominator. For instance, substance abusers like to stick together and as well as alcoholics. Yes, Ipatas may get that close to O'Neil to secure territorial boundary to keep his political rivals at distance but what is common between the two? I leave the conundrum to work out.
Ipatas regards free education was his brainchild but that is contestable. The notion of free education long existed prior to him being elected. However, he is regarded has father of children for championing free education in the province year in, year out.
He only got on the band wagon chanting students to return to class but where was he on Wednesday during the commotion? Don't expect him to be at the scene as did his colleague Governor Gary Juffa witnessing the episode firsthand, however, since the incident on Wednesday, never paid a visit to critically injured students in the hospital for these are Engan students. Instead he summoned the Engan students to Bluffin hotel. There, including himself, Alfred Manase and Peter Mision Yaki addressed the students.
This isn't a show of true leadership. Ipatas is another of O'Neil's political stooge like Ano Pala, Ben Micah, James Marape, bureaucrat stooge Gari Baki, Dairi Vele, etc. A true and real leader is one who is prepared to sacrifice fame and popularity and stand up and be counted as needle is to the pole. A true honest leader is one who stands with the people in time of despair and in time of plentiful. One who distances in time of despair is a political coward.
It is typical of Ipatas using media as a cheap tool rallying behind PO. He is first and quick as always defending PO because they collude and conspire in thievery and rise to the pinnacle in the shortest way possible.
For Ipatas to say economic situation in PNG is the direct result of drop in world oil price and not of PO's doing is pathetic. Don't shift the blame. Take full ownership for this is self-inflicting.
Ipatas may compare and contrast the successive Prime Ministers and brand PO has best ever (The National, Wednesday, June 15, 2016). PO on record time has burrowed (both internal & external) humangosly compared to any other Prime Ministers and delivered milestone developmental projects at an exorbitant price. Should Ipatas applauds such reckless decisions to burrow more and drive the country into near recession under PNC (both past & present) and brand PO the best PM, he is in same psychopath as his master PO and both need visiting Aloki psychiatric hospital.
One being national leader, that does not impart anyone immunity from people criticising the leadership and style of management of country's affairs. Or one being veteran politician doesn't make someone of impeccable character with infallibility.
Combining Isaac Lupari and Peter Ipatas, the duet is responsible for economic woes this country is facing. Isaac Lupari is a questionable personality and combining all of the three and likeminded in the equation, no goodies left for the people when vultures partying on the carcase. What should people expect when individuals collude in the pretext of chartering milestone developments and put their own agendas ahead of people?
The learned judges who are appointed on merit to the positions of responsibility are duty bound to uphold the tenets of the constitution. Supposedly, they and their family (wife, husband & children) should maintain impartiality and keep a clear distance from members of civil society particularly politicians and their families. That including both within and abroad. But sad to say this isn't the case.
Time and again, social media is inundated with comments on justice not being served with impaired judgments and continued delays amounting to justice in denial. More so, judgments (known) were influenced by external factors and decisions were construed to be impaired implying justice wasn't served.
Of the three arms of government, judiciary is an independent institution of state. Judiciary however should speak its own mind but isn't the case anymore. PNG judiciary is virtually being weakened. How? Classical examples, Ipatas gets acquitted and told to pay K16, 000.00 (K1, 000.00 each for 16 charges), Jimmy Maladina gets 7 years suspended sentence and Gari Baki is a Bomana material for three pending contempt cases but yet, he takes leverage of judiciary and inflict pain and misery to innocent students. Should above accounts isn't enough to prove judiciary being weakened than what else will prove otherwise?
Pathological liar Peter O'Neil's case for somewhat bizarre reason gets tangled up courtesy of judiciary. Peter O'Neil knows he is a Bomana material however he relinquishes the prime ministership. He is fighting tooth and nail to retain power for simple reason, not to get anywhere near Bomana.
Controversial cases supposedly take precedent over other matters but strangely gets dragged on for longer duration.
Court cases of national importance unreasonably get delayed for prolonged duration rendering breeding space for the accused to strategize next counter move. It is likened that of an analogy of malarial drugs. Incomplete taking of medication imparts opportune time for the parasite to build resistance. With recurrent malaria, malarial drugs fail because parasite now knows the threat to its existence and already built resistance in defence to withstand.
Knowingly, courts are entertaining crooks like Peter O'Neil, Ano Pala, fugitive Dairi Vele, Gari Baki, host more. They take advantage of longevity of delays and abuse the system to enjoy pekes and privileges accorded to positions being held.
Someone in the court system is surely responsible for all the delays so far. It isn't an inadvertent but intentional and surely someone is in Peter O'Neil's sphere of influence. Could it be that Rimbink Pato? Why would court cases of important milestones continue to get delayed or prolonged which has the potentiality of breaking or making the country? Suppose it would be natural instinct to expedite the trial until judgment.
Otherwise the competency of PNG judiciary is at stake and Chief Justice, His Honour Salamoa Injia need to put his foot down and show leadership and safe this country from the brink of economic collapse because judiciary knowingly or not knowingly is party to the economic woes in the country.

subset: commoncrawl


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The 91 Clayton Street Management Limited company has been in this business field for 23 years, having launched in 2001. Registered with number 04219805, 91 Clayton Street Management was set up as a Private Limited Company located in Dockens Water Nr Linwood, Ringwood BH24 3QY. The enterprise's principal business activity number is 68320 and has the NACE code: Management of real estate on a fee or contract basis. 2022-05-31 is the last time the company accounts were reported.
Taking into consideration this specific company's size, it became vital to find more executives: Edward R. and Alexander B. who have been working as a team since March 2002 to promote the success of this firm.
Edward R. is the individual with significant control over this firm, owns over 1/2 to 3/4 of company shares .


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LOS ANGELES, Calif. — New troubles in the sub-prime segment of the U.S. housing market have made some Americans fearful of losing their homes. As a result, American Business Advantage has partnered with the Community Loan Service Center to launch a national foreclosure prevention program.
R. Elliott Bradley, President and CEO of American Business Advantage, has been recognized as an industry leader in the foreclosure services; he has gathered a staff from the mortgage industry. Noticing this trend, ABA has expanded their offices to 7,000 square feet to accommodate new corporate offices, processing unit and training center.
According to Realty Trac, June 2007, approximately 165,000 default loans were recorded; those numbers have been consistent for the last several months.
Fannie Mae reports that over one trillion dollars worth of mortgages will be reset or refinanced by 2007 year end, and even more in 2008.
American Business Advantage's primary focus is to develop and assist homeowners who will, unfortunately, be faced with the terrible experience of managing their own foreclosure.
Foreclosure mitigation negotiates a resolution and puts a plan in place that mortgage lenders can provide to manage a default resolution.
The company's secondary focus is to educate the public about the loan and foreclosure industry. American Business Advantage has established a professional, certified, foreclosure counseling program that addresses the needs of homeowners who face this dark reality.
"There are an overwhelming number of individuals who are not prepared to interface with their lenders," Bradley explained. "Adjustable rate mortgages, predatory lending, and an over-valued real estate market have all fueled the foreclosure epidemic."
American Business Advantage is prepared for a massive fall out of foreclosures in the American marketplace. For the homeowner, the company offers refinance options and foreclosure mitigation specialists to assist homeowners to save their home or equity.
For people interested in helping others to save their homes, an affiliate or certified foreclosure consultant (CFC) program are also available. These programs provide individuals with the necessary tools and training for helping others. – www.StoptheForeclosure.org – has also been launched to help homeowners.
American Business Advantage has been successful in assisting hundreds of homeowners, nationwide, to save their property and preserve the American dream.
For more information, contact:
Elliott Bradley, of American Business Advantage, 310-807-9300.
[tags] American Business Advantage, Community Loan Service Center, national foreclosure prevention program, Elliott Bradley[/tags]


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German farmers in Ukraine press ahead in defiance of war
Every year in early spring, German farmers Torben Reelfs and Tim Nandelstaedt turn the soil and plant the first sugar beets of the season on their plot of land in western Ukraine.
But this year, the ritual has taken on a new meaning.
"It's very symbolic. When the machine turns over the land, it's a different feeling than in previous years," said Reelfs, 41, speaking to AFP by phone from the farm about 60 kilometres (37 miles) from Lviv.
When Russian troops invaded Ukraine on February 24, Reelfs and Nandelstaedt immediately fled to Germany to "get away from the missiles, to be on the territory of the EU, of NATO", according to Nandelstaedt, 43.
"At first I thought that Russia would get to the Polish border very quickly," he said.
But three weeks later, both of them were back in Derzhiv, their adopted home for the last 10 years.
"What we are seeing here, the solidarity on a military and a humanitarian level, is inspiring and gives you hope," said Reelfs.
- 'Poker game' -
With the west of Ukraine so far largely spared from the deadly fighting raging in the south and east, the two men decided to go ahead and start sowing their crops.
The pair had already managed to secure the fuel, fertiliser and seeds they needed.
They began by sowing the sugar beets, which will be followed by corn in around two weeks' time and soybeans in around two months.
It's too early to tell whether the crops will ever be harvested, but for now, Reelfs is sure it was "the right decision".
He also feels "a certain responsibility" to "reduce the risk of catastrophic famines" around the world as a result of the war.
Before the Russian invasion, Ukraine was the world's fourth largest exporter of corn and was on its way to becoming the third largest exporter of wheat behind Russia and the United States.
Corn, wheat and sunflower oil prices have already soared in recent weeks and the situation looks set to worsen if the "breadbasket of Europe" is unable to keep up with the usual supplies.
The two German farmers know that going ahead with the harvest is a huge risk -- a "poker game", according to Reelfs.
"What will happen in six months, when we harvest, I honestly have no idea," said Nandelstaedt. "Some farms have already been hit by missiles or attacked by ground troops. Fields are burning. If that happens here, it will be over."
- 'Adventure' -
Reelfs and Nandelstaedt have spent the last decade building up their farm in Ukraine, which covers 1,900 hectares of land and employs 25 people.
The business partners, who have been friends for over a decade, were among a wave of farmers who took up leases on land in Ukraine after the fall of the Soviet Union, attracted by the cheap prices and fertile soil.
They liked the idea of an "adventure" and the chance to build everything from scratch, according to Reelfs.
Between 2008 and 2009, "we visited almost 50 villages and there was still available land everywhere", he said.
"When we started out, you could rent a hectare of land for 17 euros ($18.70) and could even pay in kind, with wheat or sugar. Today, we pay well over 100 euros here and it is more than 200 euros in many regions."
It's a sign of how much Ukraine has changed over the years, he said: "Corruption has greatly decreased... and the standard of living has got better and better."
Reelfs believes it has been a surprise to the Russian forces to see that "people are not at all unhappy with their government, they want to support the army and defend their country".
During their stay in Germany, Reelfs and Nandelstaedt collected 130,000 euros in donations for Ukraine and helped to arrange accommodation for around about 170 people in villages around Berlin.
"Even though they all feel welcome there, they want to return to Ukraine as soon as possible," said Reelfs.


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Joelle Moreno joins basketball's Bristol Flyers
Gibraltar's netball's Captain Joelle Moreno, who will be leading the Campions into their World Cup Qualifiers in October, and has been a key player in Gibraltar's women's basketball has signed for Bristol Flyers Women.
Joelle who has previously played for Cardiff Met Archers joins the WNBL Division 1 2018/19 champions side as she keeps her involvement in the sport alive.
Joelle still maintains her presence in netball and will lead out the Campions in what will be one of their biggest challenges in recent years as they face Northern Ireland, Scotland, Isle of Man and Wales in the World Cup qualifiers.


text: The Helmet Repair Kit is mainly used to repair service the player's helmet when destroyed. Just about every kit may be used 1 time right before it's employed up & practically nothing may be salvaged from it. When you are lucky, two moments. By continuing to work with this Internet https://prussiaq611nqu5.yomoblog.com/profile


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The Essentials of Garage Door Installation
A Garage Door Installation is a process in which you mount a brand-new garage door in your house. The process includes a couple of actions that differ according to the type of garage door. The primary step is to set up the horizontal track. After that, install the back track hanger, guaranteeing that it is long sufficient to sustain the track. When you have actually installed the horizontal track, the last action includes fitting in the last door area. See to it to get rid of any type of momentary nails. If you have a garage door opener, wait to mount the torque tube up until you have actually finished the installment. After that, you must test the alignment of the tracks and also make necessary modifications, as needed.
Specialist garage door installation
If you desire a brand-new garage door installed, you need to pick an expert garage door installation service. This is because an amateur garage door installation will certainly leave you with several issues later on, and it can be extremely costly to take care of. On top of that, a specialist installer will certainly assist you select the best door for your garage and also make certain that whatever functions appropriately.
Professional setup calls for precision, technological expertise, as well as interest to information. Before beginning the installment procedure, an expert will certainly make sure that the door is the appropriate dimension and that there are no barriers in the way. They will also need to check for any kind of obstructions in the way of the track and also electric motor.
The cost of garage door installation will certainly rely on numerous aspects. It can cost from $800 to $5,000, depending upon area as well as the type of garage door you pick. Custom garage doors can run up to $10,000. Various other factors that can affect the cost include the kind of glass, color, as well as panels you desire on your door. Fortunately, there are methods to reduce expenses on your installment. One alternative is to recycle the parts of your old garage door.
Roll-up doors are terrific for garages with low ceilings. These doors roll up around a drum above the garage opening. While this kind of door is generally seen in commercial structures, it can be used in household setups, too. Roll-up doors normally set you back $500 to $2,500 to set up. Tilt-up doors are additionally preferred, yet set you back a little bit much more.
When you are thinking of having a brand-new garage door set up, you have lots of choices. These doors can be made of different products and can be customized to fit the looks of your residence. Rates can vary from concerning $700 to more than $2,000. Customized garage doors can also be very costly. Before deciding, consider your spending plan and energy-efficiency requirements.
You can choose a garage door made from steel, timber, fiberglass, or composite materials. The construction product will certainly play a significant duty in the look and feel of your garage door. In colder environments, you might intend to select a shielded door. This will certainly lower the amount of heat and cold coming into the garage and also will aid your power costs as well.
Tools required
One of one of the most crucial devices to have in order to install your garage door is a degree. A degree enables you to make sure all components of the garage door are lined up correctly. One more tool you need to utilize is a cordless drill. This device is not just practical when mounting a garage door, but it likewise can be found in handy when youre repairing it.
An additional important tool is a hammer. There are various sort of hammers, but the most usual type is the flexible one, which can be made use of to tighten up screws in small areas. A screwdriver with a Phillips head is additionally an useful device for garage door installation. This kind of screwdriver is specifically beneficial due to the fact that a lot of the door components affix to one another by means of this type of screwdriver.
Energy effectiveness
Energy-efficient garage doors feature several benefits. These include better safety and security as well as resale value. Since garages are often the biggest uninsulated space in the home, the temperature level inside can move to areas above as well as beside them. In addition, air leaking with the garage door can reduce its U-factor, making it much less energy-efficient.
Garage doors with a high R-value are still susceptible to losing energy, particularly if they have spaces. They must be well-fitting and include weather-stripping and also seals to help stop air leak. Windows can additionally permit air to leakage right into the garage, so they ought to be secured well. Low-emissivity coverings are likewise offered to assist avoid heat transfer.
Veteran Garage Door Repair – Dallas
2821 McKinney Ave # 4, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
Veteran Garage Door Repair
2821 McKinney Ave #4


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Filter Total Items: 441
Bayou Bonfouca Marsh Creation (PO-104): 2016 and 2018 land-water classifications
The Louisiana State Legislature created the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) in order to conserve, restore, create and enhance Louisiana's coastal wetlands. The wetland restoration plans developed pursuant to these acts specifically require an evaluation of the effectiveness of each coastal wetlands restoration project in achieving long-term solutions to arresting
Delta Management at Fort St. Philip (BS-11): 2021 land-water classification
The Louisiana State Legislature created the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) in order to conserve, restore, create and enhance Louisiana's coastal wetlands. The wetland restoration plans developed pursuant to these acts specifically require an evaluation of the effectiveness of each coastal wetlands restoration project in achieving long-term solutions to arresting
Permethrin concentrations on sawgrass collected from National Key Deer Refuge in 2015
Sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense) samples were collected from marshes on five different keys (Big Pine, Torch, Ramrod, Cudjoe, and Sugarloaf Keys) within National Key Deer Refuge in January and June of 2015 and analyzed for contamination by the mosquito control insecticide permethrin. Permethrin was detected on 17 of 57 samples collected in January while it was detected on 40 of 56 samples collected i
Data from an annual trapping effort of an urban aquatic turtle population in Lafayette, Louisiana from 2009-2021
This dataset includes results from an ongoing annual trapping effort targeting aquatic turtles at two urban ponds in Lafayette, Louisiana. This project began in 2009 and consists of five days of active and passive trapping each May. This project is ongoing with plans to continue in May of 2022.
Data from the development and evaluation of a CRISPR/Cas12a-based biosensor for the detection of DNA from Pseudogymnoascus destructans using samples collected from various species of bats across the United States, from 2018 to 2023
Reported here are the fluorescence data points recorded from CRISPR/Cas12a biosensor assays to detect the presence or absence of DNA from Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), the causative fungal agent of white-nose syndrome in bats, from artificial controls, dermal swab, and guano samples. Ct values from qPCR experiments are also provided in a table. Furthermore, we also provide the GenBank accessi
Molecular data used to test species boundaries, characterize phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity, and guide the Endangered Species Act listing decision for a North American freshwater mussel species complex
Here we provide the molecular datasets and metadata associated with specimens used in the investigation of species boundaries and phylogeographic structure of two freshwater mussels, one common (Pleurobema sintoxia) and one being considered for protection under the Endangered Species Act (Pleurobema rubrum).
Adult mosquito and butterfly exposure to permethrin and relative risk following ULV sprays
This dataset contains data of permethrin residues on adult mosquitoes and adult butterflies following their exposure to ultra-low volume (ULV) sprays containing permethrin. The dataset also contains toxicity information for permethrin; first for adult mosquitoes and adult butterflies following their exposure to the ULV sprays, and for adult mosquitoes exposed during toxicity tests to determine med
Stable isotope signatures from green turtles and hawksbills at Buck Island Reef National Monument, U.S. Virgin Islands from 2012-2019
We used stable isotope analysis of nitrogen and carbon turtle epidermal samples to describe the trophic niche of the sampled sea turtle population by portraying δC as a habitat structure variable against δN as a resource gradient axis. We examined isotopic data for hawksbills (n = 64) and green turtles (n = 241) hand-captured across an 8-year time frame (2011-2019) to assess interspecific competit
Estuarine vegetated wetland change scenarios for estuaries in the conterminous United States, 1996–2019
This data release contains land cover-derived statistics regarding estuarine vegetated wetland area change within estuary drainage areas along the conterminous U.S. This dataset includes net change in estuarine vegetated wetland area based on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Coastal Change Assessment Program (C-CAP) 1996 and 2016 land cover data. Net change was assessed bet
Louisiana Outer Coast Restoration Project – 2022 habitat map, North Breton Island
This data release includes 2022 data for the Louisiana Outer Coast Restoration Project for North Breton Island. Specifically, this data release includes a detailed habitat map, general habitat map, georeferenced imagery, and a bare-earth digital elevation model (DEM) developed from light detection and ranging data. These habitat maps are developed using the methods and classification scheme from L
Oceanographic conditions at Richardson reef reveal new suitable habitat for cold-water corals
Cold-water corals create complex structures, but our incomplete knowledge of their niche space limits our ability to understand their distribution and therefore the impact of the ecosystem services they provide in the ocean. The Richardson reef complex consists of over 150 km of linear reef tracts within an area of 75 km2 between 700-900 m depth. This reef experiences rapid shifts in temperature,
Stable isotope data for sea turtles and prey items in St. Joseph Bay, FL (2011-2021) and comprehensive summary of sea turtle diet papers
1. This stable isotope dataset includes the carbon and nitrogen values for loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, green sea turtles and their prey items in St. Joseph Bay, FL sampled between 2011 and 2021.
2. This dataset was created from a collection of sea turtle diet papers to produce a comprehensive summary of sea turtle diet based on scientific publications for loggerhead, Kemp's ridley and green turtles


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Hilti North America, a leader in tools, technology, software, and services to the commercial construction industry, announced the launch of its cordless tools suite running on its 22V Nuron battery platform, filling out the portfolio and offering value through its subscription tool service, Fleet Management.
In a Jan. 18 news release, Hilti's latest cordless offerings, available to demo at the 2024 World of Concrete expo, Jan. 23-25 in Las Vegas, will showcase the company's latest innovations.
SC 6WP-22 Plunge Saw
Launching in spring 2024, the SC 6WP-22 plunge saw is designed for more precise cutting in wood, fiberboard, drywall, and solid surfaces, including straight and bevel cuts and intricate cut-outs. The 6.5-inch saw has been engineered for cutting speed and dust collection efficiency for a safer and more productive plunge-cutting option. The SC 6WP-22 will run along Hilti's 55-inch track and is compatible with other tracks on the market.
SM 60-22 Miter Saw
Also launching in the fall of 2024, the SM 60-22 miter saw is a compound 12-inch miter saw designed for precision cutting in wood, PVC, and aluminum. The SM 60-22 can be purchased with Hilti's new miter saw table and is also compatible with standard miter saw tables.
It has easily accessible controls across the entire saw and a dark shadow cut line to help make sure cuts can be done quickly and accurately. It features all-in-one front handle controls and a small footprint without the need for extra backspace.
EXO-T-22 Tool Balancer
The EXO-T-22 tool balancer is a wearable, backpack-like device that helps workers perform wall-breaking with less physical exertion. Ergonomically designed and built for heavy demolition work, the Nuron-powered EXO-T-22 helps take the weight of a tool up to 37 pounds and suspends it in a zero gravity-like state, distributing the weight of the tool to the hips and ground—reducing strain on the upper body.
DGH 130-22 Concrete Finishing Grinder
The DGH 130-22 concrete finishing grinder, coming soon, is optimized to use less effort for concrete surface finishing and grinding. Featuring a variable-speed brushless 5-inch grinder, the DGH 130-22 is designed to make concrete wall finishing and chamfering faster and more productive — removing up to two times more material per charge.
The integrated dust shroud and unique palm-style operation contribute to more accurate and effortless movement while grinding. For additional safety, the tool has a sensor that automatically turns off the tool in case of an accidental drop.
SIW 10-22 3/4-inch High Torque Impact Wrench
The SIW 10-22 3/4-inch High torque impact wrench delivers more run time using Nuron batteries, whether bolting steel, connecting large flanges or installing large diameter anchors into hard concrete. The SIW 10-22 3/4-inch impact wrench enables more productivity with a high-efficiency brushless motor and impact mechanism that delivers 85% more torque than its predecessor while being more compact.
TE 50-22 Combi Hammer
The TE 50-22 Combi hammer with active vibration reduction and active torque control provides users with longer runtimes, greater safety and comfort, and broader versatility on the jobsite. When paired with Hilti's TE-YX drill bits, users can expect drilling speeds up to 30% faster. The TE 50-22 features best-in-class performance while weighing in at just more than 12 pounds.
SF 10W-22 Drill Driver
The SF 10W-22 Drill driver brings the power of a corded drill to Hilti's compact and power class drill category. Built with four gears, the SF 10W-22 can handle jobs like drilling deep or large-diameter holes in wood and metal. In addition to delivering optimized performance, the SF 10W-22 offers increased run time and enhanced user safety with active torque control.
Hilti says the Nuron platform performs better than corded, gas-powered, or higher-voltage battery systems can deliver. Since all the batteries and chargers work under a single ecosystem, Nuron "ultimately helps reduce complexity for tool cribs."
As well, Hilti's all-inclusive Tool Fleet Management program offers users greater choice at a fixed monthly cost.
"Our sole focus has always been to bring highly innovative solutions to the construction industry," said Mike McGowan, region head and CEO of Hilti North America. "These solutions are designed to increase productivity and improve worker safety."
For more information on Hilti and testing the tools at the World of Concrete in Las Vegas, visit hilti.com/WOC.


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Two more Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters are coming to Fortnite, as a trailer has revealed an exciting new event for the battle royale game.
The video shows all four Ninja Turtles — Leonardo, Michelangelo, Donatello, and Raphael — using their respective weapons to take down other players. Then, after entering a manhole, Master Splinter is shown meditating, followed by the appearance of the infamous TMNT villain Shredder, as well as his Lego mode appearance.
Though Splinter is simply available for purchase through the store, Shredder is part of "The Cowabunga Pass" — a smaller reward pass that features a free and premium track. Upgrading to the premium track grants players the Shredder skin, while earning Ooze through quests to complete the premium pass gives players the Super Shredder skin. Krang Back Bling can also be earned, in addition to further items.
Alongside these additions, players will be able to find and use each Ninja Turtle's weapon n the game's Battle Royale mode in addition to a Pizza Party box that restores both health and the player's shield. You can get all the details on the event in the official Fortnite blog post.
You can view the new TMNT x Fortnite trailer on YouTube below (watch more trailers):
What other characters can you be in Fortnite?
Several iconic characters have come to Fortnite in the last year or so, which has been filled with big crossovers. Peter Griffin, Solid Snake, members of Futurama's Planet Express crew, main characters from the popular manga and anime series Jujutsu Kaisen and Attack on Titan, heroes and villains from the Star Wars prequels, Disney and horror icons alike, and more have all arrived in the massive multiplayer shooter in recent days.


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FE-SEM and TEM studies of the chorion, plasma membrane and syncytial layers of the gastrula stage embryo of the zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio): a consideration of the structural and functional relationship with respect to cryoprotectant penetration.
Authors: Rawson, D.M., Zhang, T., Kalicharan, D. and Jongebloed, W.L.
Journal: Aquaculture Research
Volume: 31
Issue: 3
Pages: 325-336
Source: Manual


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Online betting is wonderful. You will get to sit at home, in your comfortable slippers, watching television and relaxing. At the same time, a person can have the laptop on the knee, and stay on-line, betting on your preferred sports teams.
Given that online betting has been made secure due to advanced cryptographic methods, now everyone can easily enjoy safe bets online. Before, on the web betting was obviously a little bit of a minefield – you didn't want to make certain which sites were secure and even which weren't, consequently you just got to place your bet and wish no-one managed to be able to sneak a look at your credit card along typically the way.
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Some websites which usually claim to be recognized bookmakers are actually little more than the usual guy sat in the basement, gleefully robbing his "customers" window blind. When you enter your own card details, the site will netmail it to typically the attacker that will possibly use the cards online to make fraudulent transactions (maybe even betting online at real internet sites! ), or generate a fake credit score card, copy the main points on and employ it to pull away money.
To avoid phony websites when you are betting online, do a search upon Google or an additional search results for the particular website name. Usually, fakes get seen straight away. In the event that there are numerous results with people speaking about just how fake and scammy the site is usually, don't use this!
Online Betting Rip-off #2 – Bad safety
Some on the internet betting websites are real, but no longer have good protection. You can check out out how feel their protection is usually by considering their "About" pages or even "Company" pages, or even just on the home-page. It will say anywhere about how that they keep consumers risk-free, and if it doesn't, don't use them.
Most high streets betting companies set the time and effort into suitable security, so stick with brands that you recognise, and likely to be OK.
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This is the cheeky a single. Here, the scammer will set up a website providing you seemingly amazing possibilities for your online bets. When a person place the bet, he'll either only keep the funds, or he'll go away the bet in to an actual on the internet betting website from much lower chances, and pocket the difference.
To avoid these scam, only location online bets straight with all the bookmakers web site, not through 3rd parties.
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Eventually, the last typical pitfall for brand new online bettors — bad advice! Bets online can appear a bit mind-boggling at first instructions there's so a lot of different types of bet, types involving game, places in order to bet, odds, sums… And unfortunately, discover a lot regarding people charging a lot of cash for some bad advice.
If Slot gonna start gambling online, or you want to transform your online betting expertise, sports betting will be amongst the simplest form of betting in order to get into. Discover lots of free in addition to paid advice, most of which can be outstanding.
The online bets industry is 1 of the successes of the 21st century. Whilst other industries have had trouble through difficult monetary times, the web bookmakers have continued to be able to grow, illustrating the strength of many of typically the top brands.
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When a person are ready in order to register and accept your free bet, remember to check an individual are qualifying with regard to the latest provide. These often transform so it is important to ensure you get the best offer available. Further depth on how to do this follows beneath.
At the time of writing, typically the William Hill campaign can be a match involving �25. This indicates you will obtain a �25 free wager once you possess staked �25 regarding your own cash on a bet.
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Please visit us today to make sure you find the current William Hill cost-free bet. There will be also a prosperity of betting approach to help enhance your web betting available at Free Guess S