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1 OPC Unified Architecture Interoperability for Industrie 4.0 and the Internet of Things Version 08 // June 2018 IoT 4.0 Industrie M2M
2 Welcome to the OPC Foundation! As the international standard for vertical and horizontal communication, OPC UA provides semantic interoper- ability for the smart world of connect- ed systems. Thomas J. Burke President and Executive Director OPC Foundation OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) is the data ex- OPC UA is an IEC standard and therefore ideally change standard for safe, reliable, manufacturer- suited for cooperation with other organizations. and platform-independent industrial communication. As a global non-profit organization, the OPC Foun- It enables data exchange between products from dation coordinates the further development of the different manufacturers and across operating sys- OPC standard in collaboration with users, manufac- tems. The OPC UA standard is based on specifica- turers and researchers. Activities include: tions that were developed in close cooperation be- tween manufacturers, users, research institutes and ➞ Development and maintenance of specifications consortia, in order to enable safe information ex- ➞ Certification and compliance tests of change in heterogeneous systems. implementations ➞ Cooperation with other standards organizations OPC has been very popular in the industry and also becoming more popular in other markets like the This brochure provides an overview of IoT, M2M Internet of Things (IoT). With the introduction of Ser- (Machine to Machine) and Industrie 4.0 requirements vice-Oriented-Architecture (SOA) in industrial auto- and illustrates solutions, technical details and imple- mation systems in 2007, OPC UA started to offer a mentations based on OPC UA. scalable, platform-independent solution which com- The broad approval among representatives from re- bines the benefits of web services and integrated search, industry and associations indicates OPC UA security with a consistent data model. to be a key ingredient of data and information ex- change standards. Regards, Thomas J. Burke President and Executive Director OPC Foundation firstname.lastname@example.com www.opcfoundation.org
3 Contents 4 OPC UA: INDUSTRIAL INTEROPERABILITY COLLABORATIONS FOR IOT 34 Collaborations Overview 35 VDMA – Machine Assosiation 6 OPC UA – PIONEER FOR INDUSTRIE 4.0 36 MDIS – Offshore Oil & Gas 37 O PEN-SCS – OPC UA in Pharmaceutical Industry INDUSTRIE 4.0 REQUIREMENTS – 7 38 PLCopen – Client and server in controller OPC UA SOLUTION 39 AIM-D – RFID and other AutoID systems 40 AutomationML – OPC UA for engineering 8 USA: OPC UA IN TESTBEDS 41 FDI – OPC UA in Process Automation JAPAN: IVI INITIATIVE OPC UA SOLUTIONS 9 CHINA: MADE IN CHINA 2025 42 HORIZONTAL: 10 KOREA: MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY OPC UA ENABLES M2M AND IIOT INNOVATION 3.0 Silvio Merz, Joint Water and Wastewater Authority, Vogtland 11 OPC FOUNDATION – ORGANIZATION 43 SCALABILITY: QUOTES OPC UA IN SENSOR 12 Global Players Alexandre Felt, AREVA GmbH 13 OPC UA in the industry 14 Pioneers in automation 44 ENSURING THE AVAILABILITY: 15 Global Players in the Industry OPC UA IN A TUNNEL PROJECT 16 Cooperations with organizations Bernhard Reichl, ETM 17 Thought Leaders from R&D and Science 45 SMART METERING: 18 OPC UA AT A GLANCE CONSUMPTION INFORMATION FROM THE METER RIGHT UP TO IT ACCOUNTING 20 OPC UA TECHNOLOGY EXTENSIONS SYSTEMS Karl-Heinz Deiretsbacher, Siemens AG Carsten Lorenz, Honeywell 27 SECURITY CHECK BY GERMAN FEDERAL 46 VERTICAL: OFFICE FOR INFORMATION SECURITY OPC UA FROM PRODUCTION RIGHT INTO SAP OPC UA TECHNOLOGY IN DETAIL Rüdiger Fritz, SAP 28 Extending the communication methods Roland Essmann, Elster GmbH 29 Deterministic message delivery 47 CLOUD: OPC FOUNDATION RESOURCES OPC UA FOR IOT UP INTO THE CLOUD 30 Specifications and information Clemens Vasters, Microsoft Corporation 31 Source code and certification 32 Laboratory – Certification 33 Integration – Toolkits and Books
4 OPC UA: Industrial Interoperability for the IoT Digitalization is an important and highly attractive els, usage statistics, and alarm messages for the growth market. The goal is to foster the integration of machine owners to best supply and maintain their IT Technologies with products, systems, solutions assets. The business models resulting from this are and services across the complete value chain which mainly around logistics and maintenance as well as stretches from design and production to mainte- special condition monitoring and preventive mainte- nance. Once implemented, digitalization opens the nance. For example in the industrial environment, doors to new business opportunities like the digitali- airplane turbines deployed at airports around the zation of products and systems, new and enhanced world can be constantly monitored to ensure re- software solutions, and new digital services. placement parts are sent just in time to reduce the The Internet of Things (IoT) brings together a broad maintenance times and unplanned down-times. range of technologies that have traditionally not been connected via today's near ubiquitous IP-based net- INTERNET works. While Ethernet provides the ability for things At its base, the IoT calls for remote device access as to 'reach' each other, they still need a common way well. Hence, while M2M is a part of the IoT, the IoT is to communicate. Standardized data connectivity not limited to the exchange of data between intelli- and interoperability addresses this need. In simple gent devices. It also includes data from simple sen- terms, with standardized data connectivity at its sors and actuators (i.e wearable fitness solutions in core, the Industrial IoT (IIoT) can be looked at from the consumer space, safety sensors like gas and two perspectives: horizontal and vertical data con- proximity detectors in industrial settings) that will be nectivity. An example of horizontal communications first aggregated and processed locally then sent via is Machine to Machine (M2M) data connectivity be- gateways (a smart phone) to central systems in the tween shop floor systems. cloud. Within IoT, complex networks of intelligent An example of vertical communications is device-to- systems are emerging. A similar development can be cloud data transfer. In both cases, the OPC UA stan- observed for industrial solutions where shop floor dard from the OPC Foundation provides a secure, machines and field devices are not just connected to reliable foundation robust enough to facilitate stan- networks sending raw data. Instead, they increas- dards based data connectivity and interoperability. ingly process and combine data from other devices For years the OPC Foundation has worked with due to the increasing computing power of these de- many companies and associations to make this a vices. They can consume and provide information reality and will keep doing so as it continues to ex- from/to other field devices to create new value for the pand its collaboration activities. user. Ultimately, such machine collaboration enables individual machines to provide technicians with MACHINE INTERACTION maintenance strategies and on-demand mainte- M2M typically defines the communication between nance history. A far cry from raw sensor data only two machines or the data transfer between a more systems. or less intelligent device and a central computer. The communication media is either a cable modem or COMMUNICATION wireless modem. In more modern devices – for ex- Communication requirements between 'things' and ample vending machines – data communications are services in the IoT era are far broader than what is increasingly established over cell networks via SIM seen in today's established infrastructures. For ex- cards embedded directly into the vending machine. ample, rather than query individual sensors and de- This point-to-point connection allows the dedicated vices directly via point-to-point communications, on-board computer to send key data like stock lev- broader systems will subscribe to the data these
5 sub-components publish via publish-subscribe nection oriented client/server communication model (PubSub) protocols. This will simultaneously facilitate to handle bi-directional communication that allows high scalability and improve security. Typically these sending control commands to actors. Furthermore things and systems will communicate via IP-Net- information must be accompanied by a semantic works between each other and with cloud based meta-data-model that describes the data and its big-data applications. The customer benefits created purpose to help best use the data directly and espe- by the combination of these intelligent devices and cially when it is pooled together with data from a di- systems with services that operators and vendors verse eco system of other third party systems. As provide to their customers will serve as the founda- information is aggregated across multiple system tion for realizing the massive benefits the IoT prom- layers, increasing amounts of meta-data are brought isses to deliver. together. This makes using a common standard for preserving the context critical to ensure the value of OPC UA INTEROPERABILITY the overall-data is preserved. The vision of IoT can only be realized, if the underly- ing communication between central components is Scalability and the possibility of integration across all based on a global communication standard that can layers is required as well as platform and vendor in- fulfill a wide range of complex requirements. For ex- dependence. The OPC UA standard offers a com- ample, while a publish/subscribe model for the low- plete solution for all of theses requirements across resource, one-to-many communication is needed for vertical layers for remote device access. scalability and speed; it still requires a secure con- IoT 4.0 Industrie M2M OPC UA serves as the common data connectivity and collaboration standard for local and remote device access in IoT, M2M, and Industrie4.0 settings.
6 OPC UA – pioneer for Industrie 4.0 CHALLENGE reconfigure and optimize themselves and are ex- In order to maintain the competitiveness of modern pandable (plug-and-produce) without engineering industrial countries it is necessary to meet the chal- intervention or manual installation. Virtual images are lenges of increasing efficiency with ever shorter carried throughout the production, product life time product cycles through more effective use of energy and value creation chain within the produced goods and resources, of reducing time to market by pro- and always represent the current state of the actual ducing more complex products faster with high in- product. Such "smart" products are networked with novative cycles, and of increasing flexibility through each other in the Internet of Things and respond to individualized mass production. internal and external events with learned behavior patterns. VISION The 4th industrial revolution (Industrie 4.0) is driven REQUESTS Source: www.zvei.org, July 2015 by advanced information and communication tech- Considerable effort is required for implementing the nologies (ICT), which are becoming increasingly vision of Industrie 4.0 successfully, since demands prevalent in industrial automation. In distributed, in- vary considerably. In order to reduce the complexity, telligent systems physical, real systems and virtual, comprehensive modularization, wide-ranging stan- digital data merge into cyber physical systems (CPS). dardization and consistent digitization is required. These CPS are networked and form "smart" objects These demands are not new. They are not revolu- that can be assembled into "smart factories". With tionary either, but the result of continous develop- increasing processing power and communication ment. capacity, production units are able to organize them- This evolution is a long-standing process that started selves and become self-contained. They have all the a long time ago. Solutions for many of the require- information they need or can obtain it independently. ments outlined below already exist. They are the The systems are networked and autonomous, they foundation of Industrie 4.0. OPC UA COVERS THE COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION LAYER IN RAMI4.0 Product properties 2017 for the criteria for Industrie 4.0 products ➞ Criteria 2: Industrie 4.0 communication Mandatory: Product addressable online via TCP/UDP&IP with at least the information model from OPC UA ➞ Criteria 5: Industrie 4.0 services and conditions Optional: Information such as statuses, error messages, warnings, etc. available via OPC UA information model in accordance with an industry standard Source: www.zvei.org, April 2017 Copyright © ZVEI, SG2
7 Industrie 4.0 requirements – OPC UA solution Industrie 4.0 requirements OPC UA solution Independence of the communication The OPC Foundation is a vendor-independent non-profit organization. Membership is not required technology from manufacturer, for using the OPC UA technology or for developing OPC UA products. OPC is widely used in auto- sector, operating system, program- mation but is technologically sector-neutral. OPC UA runs on all operating systems – there are even ming language chip layer implementations without an operating system. OPC UA can be implemented in all lan- guages – currently stacks in Ansi C/C++, .NET and Java are available. Scalability for integrated networking OPC UA scales from 15 kB footprint (Fraunhofer Lemgo) through to single- and multi-core hardware including the smallest sensors, with a wide range of CPU architectures (Intel, ARM, PPC, etc.) OPC UA is used in embedded field embedded devices and PLC devices such as RFID readers, protocol converters etc. and in virtually all controllers and SCADA/ controllers, PCs, smartphones, HMI products as well as MES/ERP systems. Projects have already been successfully realized in mainframes and cloud applications. Amazon and Microsoft Azure Cloud. Horizontal and vertical communica- tion across all layers. Secure transfer and authentication at OPC UA uses X.509 certificates, Kerberos or user/password for authentication of the application. user and application level Signed and encrypted transfer, as well as a rights concept at data point level with audit functionality is available in the stack. SOA, transport via established OPC UA is independent of the transport method. Currently two protocol bindings are available: op- standards such as TCP/IP for timized TCP-based binary protocol for high-performance applications and HTTP/HTTPS web ser- exchanging live and historic data, vice with binary or XML coded messages. Additionally Publish/Subscribe communication model can commands and events (event/ be integrated. The stacks guarantee consistent transport of all data. Besides live and real time data callback) also historical data and their mathematical aggregation are standardized in OPC UA. Furthermore method calls with complex arguments are possible, but also alarm and eventing via token based mechanism (late polling). Mapping of information content with OPC UA provides a fully networked concept for an object oriented address space (not only hierarchi- any degree of complexity for cal but full-meshed network), including metadata and object description. Object structures can be modeling of virtual objects to generated via referencing of the instances among each other and their types and a type model that represent the actual products and can be extended through inheritance. Since servers carry their instance and type system, clients can their production steps. navigate through this network and obtain all the information they need, even for types that were unknown to them before. This is a base requirement for Plug-and-Produce functionality without prior configuration of the devices. Unplanned, ad hoc communication OPC UA defines different "discovery" mechanisms for identification and notification of OPC UA- for plug-and-produce function with capable devices and their functions within a network. OPC UA participants can be located local description of the access data and (on the same host), in a subnet or global (within enterprise). Aggregation across subnets and intelli- the offered function (services) for gent, configuration-less procedure (e.g. Zeroconf) are used to identify and address network partici- self-organized (also autonomous) pants. participation in "smart" networked orchestration/combination of components Integration into engineering and The OPC Foundation already collaborates successfully with other organizations (PLCopen, BACnet, semantic extension FDI, AIM, etc.) and is currently expanding its cooperation activities, e.g. MES-DACH, ISA95, MDIS (oil and gas industry), etc. A new cooperation initiative is with AutomationML, with the aim of optimiz- ing interoperability between engineering tools. Verification of conformity with the OPC UA is already an IEC standard (IEC 62541), and tools and test laboratories for testing and defined standard certifying conformity are available. Additional test events (e.g. Plugfest) enhance the quality and en- sure compatibility. Expanded tests are required for extensions/amendments (companion standards, semantics). Additionally various validations regarding data security and functional safety are per- formed by external test and certification bodies.
8 One the major goals of the "Industrial Internet Consortium" (IIC) is the creation of industry use cases and testbeds for real-world applications. The testbeds create recommendations for the reference architecture and frameworks necessary for interoperability. OPC UA is the enabling technology for SoA interoperability and thus part of the IIC Connectivity Framework published in February 2017. Testbeds with OPC UA involved 1. SMART MANUFACTURING CONNECTIVITY chines over a single, standard Ethernet network, sup- FOR BROWN-FIELD SENSORS porting multi-vendor interoperability and integration. This testbed implements an alternative solution by sub- OPC UA over TSN uses standard IT infrastructure for stituting IO-modules that connect the sensors with the controller to controller communication between de- real-time automation system by a gateway that extracts vices from different vendors. The Industrial Internet of Things the sensor data and transfers them to the IT system Volume G5: Connectivity Framework IIC:PUB:G5:V1.0:PB:20170228 through an additional communication channel via OPC 3. SMART FACTORY WEB TESTBED UA (IEC 62541). Secure Plug & Work techniques based on the stan- dards AutomationML and OPC UA are applied to adapt 2. TIME SENSITIVE NETWORKING (TSN) factories on-the-fly by inserting new manufacturing as- TESTBED sets into the factory production with a minimum of en- The TSN technology will be used to support real-time gineering effort. Source: www.iiconsortium.org control and synchronization of high performance ma- tual and practical requirements of factories. In con- Industrial sideration of the Industrial Value Chain Reference Value Chain Initiative Architecture (IVRA), those requirements are de- scribed in a form of smart manufacturing scenario, which shows a current situation as well as a desired INDUSTRIAL VALUE CHAIN INITIATIVE (IVI) goal of the factory. While the scenarios are evaluated »OPC UA is a key enabler for connected manufactur- in the test-bed factory, an IVI platform performs and ing, where huge variety of factory-floor operations OPC UA can give a reasonable way of implementa- are connected both through the cyber and physical tion for secure and concrete connections. Further- ways. The Industrial Value Chain Initiative (IVI) is an more, as an open standard specification, OPC UA is organization providing win-win cooperation opportu- meaningful for the IVI platform ecosystem, where ap- nities for enterprises moving toward the next era of plication suppliers, IoT device vendors, data infra- connected industries. Since most of the members structure and software tool providers are involved to are manufacturers, IVI is especially focusing on ac- enhance the value of the platforms.« Prof. Dr. Yasuyuki Nishioka, President, Industrial Value Chain Initiative
9 Chinese government puts forward Made In China 2025 plan in order to facilitate China's transformation from a manufacturing giant with a focus on quantity to one with qualitative edge. The main attack direction of Made In China 2025 is Intelligent Manufacturing, which is based on deep integration of new-generation information technology and advanced manufacturing technology, and is the effective means to achieve goals of shorten- ing product development cycle, increasing production efficiency and product quality, and reducing operation cost and energy consumption. Intelligent Manufacturing requires horizontal integration and vertical integration of all information systems, in- cluding IT system and OT system in factory/plant,which means communication is not only pure data trans- mission but also semantic-based information exchange. OPC UA, adopting semantic-based and services- oriented architecture (SOA), defining communication services and information models, is a natural fit for the integration of interconnected networks in digital factory/plant and implements semantic interoperability. Therefore, SAC/TC124 has organized to transfer OPC UA specifications to Chinese recommended national standard. China: Made in China 2025 OPC UA parts 1 – 12 are Chinese National Standard »Industrial IoT can be viewed as the convergence of »In 2015, ITEI undertook 7 Intelligent Manufacturing ICT and OT in the various industrial verticals.The re- Projects issued from MIIT, in which basic and common sulting technology innovation has created an inflec- standards regarding to intelligent manufacturing body tion point that will change how we think of, partici- will be set. One project is "Industrial control networks pate in and benefit from the industrial sector. In standard research and verification platform", and one response to this inflection point, there is an emerging task of this project is to draft a national standard named ecosystem that includes standards, best practices "OPC UA-based unified architecture for interconnected and reference architectures. This ecosystem in- networks in digital plant", which will provide a unified cludes both industry stakeholders and government solution for interconnecting the networks among de- initiatives across geographies and verticals. OPC vice level, control and management level in digital plant. Foundation is an essential part of that emerging eco- This standard will promote, that the device manufactu- system. It defines OPC UA, a standard that is funda- rers should provide OPC UA servers for their produced mental to linking the ICT an OT environments in a devices directly, and the software vendors should bet- way that is both secure and forward looking, thus ter to embed OPC UA clients. Therefore, for the device enabling new innovations such as real time manufac- manufacturers and the software vendors, it is only nee- turing, digital manufacturing and low latency/time ded to invest and develop once, while for the manufac- sensitive industrial systems.« turing enterprises and the system integrators, it will avoid case-by-case solutions, which will decrease inte- Wael William Diab, Senior Director, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. grating costs and cycles greatly.« Jinsong Ouyang, President, Instrumentation Technology & Economy Institute, P.R.China (ITEI) Vice chairman of the committee, National TC124 On Industrial Process Measurement, Control And Automation Of Sac
10 South Korea is pursuing smart factory based on "Manufacturing Industry Innovation 3.0 (MII3.0)" in response to the paradigm shift of the 4th Industrial Revolution. MII3.0 is aiming 3 achievements (High productivity, High flexibility, High resource awareness) through 3 technologies (Automation, Production, and ICT). By 2020, it is working as a practical goal to spread smart factory technology to 10,000 enterprises in cooperation with major domestic and foreign companies. Especially, OPC UA will be used as an industrial standard to connect between OT (Operational Technology) and IT (Information Technology). (IIoT) deployments. In IoT environments, we see OPC UA as a critical standard for ensuring interope- rability between a broad set of manufacturing pro- cesses and equipment. KETI is developing IIoS framework for information networking and applica- tions and standard IIoT framework for field level inter- working to support automatic recognition and con- nection between various factory-things in factory »KETI is committed to technology development rela- through OPC UA.« ted to standards and interoperability in IoT. This is particularly important for industrial Internet of Things Byunghun Song, The head of Smart Factory ICT Center, KETI Korea: Manufacturing Industry Innovation 3.0 »The true potential of Industrial IoT will be realized with »OPC UA enables application integration, modeling, solutions that guarantee interoperability across busi- reunion and data exchange in a simple and consis- ness domains, where are independent from vendors tent standardized way while maintaining high perfor- and platforms on the market. As one of the largest ma- mance and stability. nufacturing companies in the world, Samsung Electro- With OPC UA, LG CNS can develop products that nics sees its great value proposition of the OPC Found- are ultimately going to be deployed to extend across ation in terms of protocol interoperability that enables facility control and the MES domain via a standard- seamless Industrial IoT services. Especially, the OPC ized and consistent approach for smart factory. It will Foundation delivers the promising solutions of the OPC be used in the integrated engineering business by UA framework in terms of not only specifications, but providing device modeling and meta information ex- also the reliable open source implementations, which change function on the server side, as well as basic guarantees the OPC UA Certifications. This will help us data collection, monitoring, analysis and control to accelerate Samsung's efforts in deploying the intero- functions on the client side.« perable Industrial IoT edge platform for our manufactu- Charlie Cho, The leader of Smart Factory Solution Team, LG CNS ring infrastructures.« Kyeongwoon Lee, Senior Vice President, Samsung
OPC FOUNDATION 11 OPC Foundation – organization 33 % NORTH AMERICA OPC 48 % EUROPE Organization Members 6 % JAPAN 5 % CHINA 8 % OTHER With more than 540 members, the OPC Foundation MEMBER DISTRIBUTION is the world's leading organization for interoperability Although the head office is in Phoenix, Arizona, most solutions based on the OPC specifications. members (almost 50 %) are based in Europe. Around All members, including corporate members, end us- one third of the members are based in North Ameri- ers and non-voting members, are committed to inte- ca. All main German manufacturers of automation grated, compatible communication between soft- technology are members of the OPC Foundation ware-driven devices, including CPS, in industrial and already offer OPC technologies in their products. automation environments. The OPC Foundation offers a marketing program in- MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS cluding a newsletter, website and various training Members of the OPC Foundation have full access to and information events aimed at manufacturers of the latest OPC specifications and preliminary ver- automation solutions and providers of OPC technol- sions. They can take part in all working groups and ogy. Member companies offer events and training contribute requirements and solution proposals. programs for end users of the OPC technology. The Members have free access to core implementations cooperation of developers and users in working and sample code. In addition, script-based test and groups is crucial to ensure that practical require- analysis tools are provided. ments and user feedback are taken into account in Manufacturers of OPC-capable products can have the specifications. these certified in accredited test laboratories. The developer and user community meets at events for INDEPENDENCE exchange of information and networking. Three The OPC Foundation is a non-profit organization that times each year, a week-long interoperability work- is independent of individual manufacturers or special shop (IOP) is held, at which the latest products and technologies. The members of the working groups their interaction are tested. are provided by the member companies on a volun- tary basis. The organization is financed entirely from membership fees and receives no government grants. The organization operates worldwide and has regional contacts on all continents. All members have identical voting rights, irrespective of their size.
12 QUOTES – MARKET LEADERS FROM IT AND INDUSTRY »OPC UA is an essential component of the connect- »Manufacturing in the digital world requires a highly ed products that manufacturing customers need to- connected and intelligent approach to provide high day, and it is increasingly seen as an important part responsiveness to individualized customer demands, of enterprise IoT scenarios and business models. In to enable flexible manufacturing processes and to keeping with our commitment to openness and col- fully empower production workers. In order to laboration, Microsoft is fully committed to supporting achieve this SAP is using and supporting standards OPC UA and its evolution.« like OPC UA to ensure simple, scalable and safe in- formation exchange with the shop floor.« Matt Vasey, Director of IoT Business Development, Microsoft, OPC board member Veronika Schmid-Lutz, Chief Product Owner Manufacturing, SAP AG, OPC board member Global Players »Our goal at Cisco is to drive data into actionable information. With OPC UA we are able to securely and easily access data and move it across the deci- sion making value chain, with our customers and partners.« »Rockwell Automation is embracing OPC UA to en- hance the connectivity for the FactoryTalk® visualiza- Bryan Tantzen, General Manager, Cisco Industries Product Group (IPG) Connected Industry and Manufacturing BU tion and information software portfolio. FactoryTalk® Linx provides a scalable communications solution from a single computer to large high-volume distrib- »The main challenges facing manufacturers and uted systems that, since its inception, has supported plant operators today continue to be safety, efficien- OPC communications. Extensions to FactoryTalk cy, reliability, productivity and security. By harness- Linx communications software provide OPC UA cli- ing the power of digitization in the Industrie4.0 and ent functionality to enable FactoryTalk software to IIoT era, Honeywell helps customers address these access information from third-party systems. Fur- challenges in new ways by leveraging the incredible thermore, the addition of OPC UA server capabilities value hidden in the vast amounts of data being pro- in FactoryTalk® Linx Gateway enables third-party duced by our customers' facilities. OPC UA plays a software to access the robust data model of the key strategic role in Honeywell solutions by providing Logix5000™ controller family. OPC UA is a natural fit secure, reliable access to context rich 3rd party data for Rockwell Automation as it expands its reach of which helps unlock the full potential analytics has to The Connected Enterprise to support a broader offer.« range of hardware and software.« Vimal Kapur, President Honeywell Process Solution Ron Bliss, Communication Software Product Manager, Rockwell Automation
13 »One of the principal ideas of the Industrial Internet of »ABB is offering a classic OPC interface for most of Things (IIoT) is to connect industrial systems that its products or uses classic OPC to integrate data. communicate data analytics and actions to improve As OPC UA does not only allow data exchange but performance and efficiency. The implementation of provides information modeling capabilities and com- IIoT will require a paradigm change in the way organ munication in a secure, platform-independent way izations design and expand industrial systems. we see a high potential and are fully committed to it. Therefore, the integration with existing or third-party Our customers will benefit from reduced integration automation devices through standard, secure com- efforts and new application scenarios by utilizing the munication protocols is paramount. OPC UA stands possibilities of OPC UA.« up to this challenge by providing a widely adopted Thoralf Schulz, Global Technology Manager for Control Technologies, ABB and secure industry standard for interoperability be- tween dissimilar processing elements and IT devices on the factory floor. NI has adopted OPC UA in its portfolio of embedded devices to help drive the inter- connectivity of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) in the evolutionary process of IIoT.« James Smith, Director for Embedded Systems Product Marketing, National Instruments OPC UA in the industry »Yokogawa has been a member of OPC Foundation »OPC UA will provide a common layer of technical since its establishment and has made a major contri- and semantic inoperability for M2M and M2H bution to the development of the OPC specifications, (Machine to Human) communications that is critical from OPC Classic to OPC UA. Yokogawa has also for enabling the Industrial Internet. By establishing released many OPC-compatible products and incor- interoperability standards together as an industry, we porates these in the many solutions that it provides will provide a scalable, reliable platform for GE and to its customers. Yokogawa is fully committed to others to build out the Industrial Internet and expand OPC UA and will continue to play a role in its devel- the value and capabilities we can provide for our opment.« customers.« Shinji Oda, Yokogawa, President OPC Council Japan, OPC board member Danielle Merfeld, Global Research Technology Director, General Electric
14 QUOTES – INDUSTRIAL SUPPLIERS AND USERS »With OPC UA a future proven and manufacturer-in- »OPC UA has the potential for an immediate cross- dependent communication standard is offered to the vendor implementation of Industrie 4.0 and the nec- industry. Its scalability allows horizontal and vertical essary internet based services. networking of systems, machines and processes. The adoption of this open standard is an opportunity Bosch Rexroth consistently uses this internationally for vendors and users. Proprietary solutions will not accepted open standard as a key technology and generate an adequate value.« offers extensive services and semantic information Dr.-Ing. Reinhold Achatz, Head of Corporate Function Technology, models for its products. We develop the functiona- Innovation & Sustainability, ThyssenKrupp AG lity continuously, so that our customers are able to ideally integrate Rexroth products in their automati- on environment – for the optimal implementation of Industrie 4.0.« Dr. Thomas Bürger, Vice President Engineering Automation Systems, Bosch Rexroth AG Pioneers in automation »Siemens is a global technology powerhouse and the world market leader in the area of automation systems. We're seeing digitalization of all sectors of industry and we're playing an active role in shaping it. As a founder member of the OPC Foundation, Sie- mens is keen to drive the development of automa- tion and optimize the interoperability of technologies from different system providers. And this commit- »Industrie 4.0 links the world of automation with the ment is already bearing fruit: OPC standards are IT and Internet world and will enable the resulting used in many of our innovations, such as the Sinema synergies to be leveraged. Networking means com- Server network management solution, the Simatic munication, communication requires languages and HMI (Human Machine Interface) and the flexible, associated functions and services. OPC UA offers a modular Simocode pro motor management sys- very powerful and adaptable standard basis that is tem. OPC UA is an implementation that we regard accepted worldwide.« as particularly relevant and key element for Industrie 4.0. This is why we have always been very active in Hans Beckhoff, Managing Director, Beckhoff Automation GmbH this area right from the start and are among the first companies whose products are certified.« Thomas Hahn, Siemens AG, OPC board member
15 »Schneider Electric sees the advent of the Industrial »In the production of the future, standardized inter- Internet of Things as an "evolution", not a "revoluti- faces like OPC UA will be essential for the communi- on". In a world where our smart connected products cation and connection of intelligent components and systems operate as part of larger systems of which are ready for Plug and Produce. Thereby we systems, consistency when moving data is impor- will be able to connect modular and scalable produc- tant. Even more important is putting data into con- tion facilities much easier to superordinate systems text. With OPC UA we can efficiently and effectively like MES or ERP. At the OPC Day Europe in 2014 we deliver systems and applications that do just that – already showed an OPC UA test implementation in and thus help our customers fully realize the potenti- our production. Also the innovative transport system al of Industrie 4.0.« Multi-Carrier-System and the automation platform CPX both have an OPC UA interface for integration John Conway, VP Strategy & Partnerships, Schneider Electric into Industrie 4.0 HOST environments.« Prof. Dr. Peter Post, Leiter Corporate Research and Technology, FESTO Global Players in the Industry »OPC UA proves to be ideal for implementing the »One main challenge of Digital Factory is the horizon- functionality required for Industrie 4.0, in terms of tal and vertical communication among with all sys- communication within automation systems, and in- tems and devices. For example, a MES system teroperability between Industrie 4.0 components via needs to fetch data from each PLC in a production defined objects and semantics. Due to the interna- line, which means huge costs. Fortunately, OPC UA tional support of different automation solution provid- connects but also reduces costs for this effort. It pro- ers, the protocol already finds a use in numerous vides a secured standardized interface for device devices, from the sensor level to Manufacturing Ex- data and their meaning. Therefore, we developed ecution Systems (MES) to Enterprise Resource Plan- Industry Real-time DB product suite, AicVision, com- ning systems (ERP). Acceptance and a future-orient- pletely based on OPC UA, and provide comprehen- ed technological basis will result in the development sive data integration solutions for Digital Factory.« of an international and evolving standard – OPC UA Peizhe Wang, CEO AIC provides this basis.« Roland Bent, Managing Director, Phoenix Contact
16 QUOTES – ASSOCIATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS »OPC UA represents an essential step forward in tru- »Communication is not about data. Communication ly open communications standards, without which is about information and access to that in an there can be no Industrie 4.0 or industrial Internet of easy and secure way. This is what the cooperation Things. OPC UA is consistent with OMAC's most im- PLCopen and OPC Foundation is all about. OPC UA portant initiatives, combining standards with functio- technology creates the possibility for a transparent nality to bridge the persistent gap between machi- communication independent of the network, which nes, control platforms, and management systems.« is the foundation for a new communication age in industrial control.« John Kowal, Board member OMAC & PMMI (B&R Industrial Automation Corp) Eelco van der Wal, Managing Director PLCopen Cooperations with organizations »The implementation of future concepts like the In- ternet of Things and Industrie 4.0 requires reliable data about the trace of moving objects in manufac- »The complexity of industrial systems is continuously turing and logistics. In order to achieve such data increasing. To manage this complexity within design systems identifying objects automatically, sensors and application methods and technologies are re- recording environmental data and real-time locating quired enabling modularity and consequent structur- systems must be installed increasingly. OPC UA pro- ing. The OPC technology and its newest representa- vides the right architecture to integrate such systems tive OPC UA have been proven to be successfully with the existing IT landscape in the enterprises. The applicable in this field. It is wide spread applied and OPC AIM Companion Specification will substantially can be regarded as entry point for the combination facilitate these tasks.« of engineering and application as intended in the In- Peter Altes, Managing Director, AIM-D dustrie 4.0 approach.« Germany – Austria – Switzerland Prof. Dr.- Ing. habil. Arndt Lüder, Otto-v.-Guericke University Magdeburg, Fakulty Mechanical Engineering, AutomationML e.V. Board of Directors
QUOTES – ASSOCIATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS 17 »BACnet and OPC UA are already cooperating in "OPC UA offers a secure, reliable, interoperable and the exploration of new opportunities for integration platform-independent basis for the MDIS information between industrial and building automation: Energy model. The simplified communication connections data are semantically defined through BACnet and and increasing data quality offer the oil & gas opera- can conveniently and interoperably be made avail- tors a real value-add." able to enterprise systems via OPC UA: An ideal Paul Hunkar, DS Interoperability, OPC Consultant of the MDIS Network standardization from sensor right up to IT billing sys- tems.« Frank Schubert, member of the BACnet Interest Group Europe advisory board Science & Research »As process automation field devices as system have increased in complexity, device integration with automation systems has become cumbersome. FieldComm Group and OPC Foundation worked to- gether to create the FDI specification and information »The paradigm of Industrie 4.0 requires standards on model for Field Devices based on the OPC UA spec- various levels, to enable an organization of modular ification, Future systems and field devices that con- plug&play capable production lines. OPC UA is an form to the FDI standard will be dramatically simpler important standard, helping us to establish com- to configure, integrate, and maintain.« munications between plant components in a vendor independent and secure fashion. Because of the in- Ted Masters, President and CEO – FieldComm Group dustry driven standardization process, we're seeing a high acceptance among industrial users of OPC UA as a platform across all levels of the automation pyramid. Furthermore, OPC UA's information models represents a basis for the realization of a semantic inoperability.« Prof. Dr. Dr. Detlef Zühlke, Scientific Director Innovative Factory Systems (IFS), DFKI Kaiserslautern
18 OPC UA AT A GLANCE OPC UA at a glance – secure, reliable and platform-independent exchange of information SECURE, RELIABLE AND PLATFORM- are also optionally supported. Additional protocol INDEPENDENT EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION bindings like Multicast or Message-Queuing can be OPC UA is the latest technology generation from integrated easily without breaking exsiting communi- the OPC Foundation for the secure, reliable and cation concepts. The integrated encryption mecha- vendor-independent transport of raw data and nisms ensure secure communication over the Inter- pre-processed information from sensor and field net. level up to the control system and into production planning systems. SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE With OPC UA every type of information is available OPC UA defines generic services and in doing so anytime and anywhere for every authorized use and follows the design paradigm of service-oriented ar- to every authorized person. chitecture (SOA), with which a service provider receives requests, processes them and sends the PLATFORM AND VENDOR-INDEPENDENT results back with the response. OPC UA is independent of the vendor or system In contrast to classic Web services that describe supplier that produces or supplies the respective ap- their services over a WSDL and can thus be different plication. The communication is independent of the with each service provider, generic services are al- programming language in which the respective soft- ready defined with OPC UA. ware was programmed and it is independent of the A WSDL is thus not required, because the services operating system on which the application runs. It is are standardized. As a result they are compatible an open standard without any dependence on, and interoperable, without the caller needing to have or bind to proprietary technologies or individual any special knowledge about the structure or behav- vendors. ior of a special service. OPC UA defines various groups of services for different functions (read- STANDARDIZED COMMUNICATION VIA ing/writing/signaling/execution, navigation/search- INTERNET & FIREWALLS ing, connection/session/security). The flexibility re- OPC UA extends the preceding OPC industry stan- sults from the OPC UA information model. Building dard by several important functions such as platform on a basic model, any desired complex, object-ori- independence, scalability, high availability and Inter- ented extensions can be made without impairing the net capability. OPC UA is no longer based on Micro- interoperability in the process. soft's DCOM technology; it has been reconceived on the basis of service-oriented architecture (SOA). PROTECTION AGAINST OPC UA is thus very simple to adapt. Today OPC UA UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS already connects the enterprise level right down to OPC UA technology uses proven security concepts the embedded systems of the automation compo- that offer protection against unauthorized access, nents – independent of Microsoft, UNIX or any other against sabotage, the modification of process data operating system. OPC UA uses a TCP based, opti- and against careless operation. The OPC UA secu- mized, binary protocol for data exchange over a port rity concepts contain user and application 4840 registered with IANA. Web service and HTTP authentication, the signing of messages and the
19 Uniform OPC UA object OPC UA Object Method Variables Methods Service Set Attribute (Programs) _____ _____( ) Service Set _____ _____( ) (Data Access, _____ _____( ) Historical Data Access) Events N N Subscription N Service Set (Alarms & Conditions) encryption of the transmitted data itself. OPC UA procedures and systems in uniform object- security is based on recognized standards that are oriented components. Information consumers that also used for secure communication in the Internet, only support the basic rules can process the data such as SSL, TLS and AES. The safety mechanisms even without knowledge of the interrelationships of are part of the standard and are obligatory for ven- the complex structures of a server. dors. The user may combine the various security functions according to his case of use; thus scalable AREAS OF APPLICATION security results in relation to the specific application. The universal applicability of OPC UA technology en- ables the implementation of entirely new vertical inte- ACCESSIBILITY AND RELIABILITY gration concepts. The information is transported se- OPC UA defines a robust architecture with reliable curely and reliably from the production level into the communication mechanisms, configurable timeouts ERP system by cascading OPC UA components. and automatic error detection. Embedded OPC UA servers at field device level and The error elimination mechanisms automatically re- integrated OPC UA clients in ERP systems at enter- store the communication connection between the prise level are directly connected with one another. OPC UA client and the OPC UA server without loss The respective OPC UA components can be geo- of data. OPC UA offers redundancy functions that graphically distributed and separated from one an- are integrable in both client and server applications other by firewalls. OPC UA enables other standard- and thus enable the implementation of high-availa- ization organizations to use the OPC UA services as bility systems with maximum reliability. a transport mechanism for their own information models. The OPC Foundation already cooperates SIMPLIFICATION BY UNIFICATION today with many different groups from different in- OPC UA defines an integrated address space and an dustries, including PLCopen, AIM, BACnet, ISA and information model in which process data, alarms and FDI. Additional specifications are compiled that con- historical data can be represented together with tain common, semantic definitions of information function calls. OPC UA combines all classic OPC models. functionalities and allows the description of complex
20 OPC UA TECHNOLOGY IN DETAIL OPC UA technology in detail Industrie 4.0 communication is not only based on DESIGN OBJECTIVES pure data, but on the exchange of semantic informa- OPC UA was designed to support a wide range of tion. In addition, transmission integrity is a key factor. systems, ranging from PLC's in production to enter- These tasks are essential aspects of the OPC Unified prise servers. These systems are characterized by Architecture. OPC UA contains a comprehensive de- their diversity in terms of size, performance, plat- scription language and the communication services forms and functional capabilities. required for information models and is therefore uni- In order to meet these objectives, the following basic versally usable. functionalities were specified for OPC UA: ➞T ransport – for the data exchange mechanisms Karl-Heinz Deiretsbacher, INTRODUCTION between OPC UA applications. Different transport Technology&Innovation, Siemens AG The trend in automation is towards inclusion of com- protocols exist for different requirements (opti- Director of the OPC UA Technical munication data semantics in the standardization. mized for speed and throughput = UA TCP with Advisory Board Standards such as ISA 88 (also IEC 61512, batch UA Binary; firewall-friendly = HTTP + Soap). processing), ISA 95 (also IEC 62264, MES layer) ➞M eta model – specifies the rules and basic com- or the Common Information Model (CIM) with ponents for publishing an information model via IEC 61970 for energy management and IEC 61968 OPC UA. It also includes various basic nodes and for energy distribution define the semantics of the basic types. data in domains addressed by them. Initially this ➞S ervices – they constitute the interface between a takes place independent of the data transfer specifi- server as information provider and clients as users cation. of this information. OPC UA – also published as IEC 62541 – enables Information models follow a layered approach. Each exchange of information models of any complexity – high-order type is based on certain basic rules. In both instances and types (metadata). It thus comple- this way clients that only know and implement the ments the standards referred to above and enables basic rules can nevertheless process complex infor- interoperability at the semantic level. mation models. Dr. Wolfgang Mahnke, Although they don't understand the deeper relation- Software Architect R&D Fieldbus ABB Automation GmbH ships, they can navigate through the address space and read or write data variables. Binary Hybrid Web services Vendor Specific Extensions UA Binary UA XML Collaboration Models UA Secure WS Secure Conversation Conversation DA AC HA Prg UA TCP SOAP Base Services HTTPS HTTP Transport Meta Model TCP / IP 4840 443 443 80 OPC UA layer model OPC UA transport profiles
21 INTEGRATED ADDRESS SPACE MODEL The OPC UA address space is structured hierarchi- The object model enables production data, alarms, cally, to foster the interoperability of clients and serv- events and historic data to be integrated in a single ers. The top levels are standardized for all servers. All OPC UA server. This allows, for example to represent nodes in the address space can be reached via the a temperature measuring device as an object with its hierarchy. They can have additional references temperature value, alarm parameters and corre- among each other, so that the address space forms sponding alarm limits. a cohesive network of nodes. OPC UA integrates and standardizes the different The OPC UA address space not only contains in- address spaces and the services, so that OPC UA stances (instance space), but also the instance types applications only require a single interface for naviga- (type space). tion. Root Field Bus Sensor Bus Areas "Located In" reference Pressure Valve Temp Area 1 Xmitter Xmitter Area 2 Current Value Hi Limit Lo Limit Area 3 Hi Alarm Lo Alarm Consistent address space
22 OPC UA TECHNOLOGY IN DETAIL INTEGRATED SERVICES ➞ NodeManagement service set OPC UA defines the services required to navigate These services provide an interface for the con- through the namespace, read or write variables, or figuration of servers. It allows clients to add, mod- subscribing for data modifications and events. ify, and delete nodes in the address space. The OPC UA services are organized in logical group- ings, so-called service sets. Service request and re- ➞ View service set sponse are transmitted through exchange of mes- The view service set allows clients to discover sages between clients and servers. nodes by browsing. Browsing allows clients to OPC UA messages are exchanged either via an navigate up and down the hierarchy, or to follow OPC-specific binary protocol on TCP/IP or as a web references between nodes. This enables the cli- service. Applications will usually provide both proto- ent to explore the structure of the address space. col types, so that the system operator can choose the best option. ➞ Attribute service set OPC UA provides a total of 9 basic service sets. The The attribute service set is used to read and write individual sets are briefly described below. Profiles attribute values. Attributes are primitive charac- allow specifying a subset of all services which a serv- teristics of nodes that are defined by OPC UA. er supports. Profiles are not discussed in detail here. ➞ Method service set ➞ SecureChannel service set Methods represent the function calls of objects. This set includes services to determine the secu- They are invoked and return after completion. rity configuration of a server and establish a com- The method service set defines the means to in- munication channel in which the confidentiality voke methods. and completeness (integrity) of the exchanged messages is guaranteed. These services are not ➞ MonitoredItem service set implemented directly in the OPC UA application This service can be used to determine which at- but are provided by the communication stack tributes from the address space should be moni- used. tored for changes by a client, or which events the client is interested in. ➞ Session service set This service set defines services used to establish ➞ Subscription service set an application-layer connection (a session) on be- Can be used to generate, modify or delete mes- half of a specific user. sages for MonitoredItems. ➞ Query service set These services enable the client to select nodes from the address space based on certain filter cri- teria.
23 PLATFORM-INDEPENDENCE PERFORMANCE Unlike "Classic OPC", which is based on DCOM The OPC UA services can be mapped to different technology and is therefore inevitably linked to the technologies. Currently there are essentially two Windows platform and the languages supported mappings: UA-TCP and HTTPS. The use of UA-TCP there, OPC UA was designed for application on arbi- on top of advanced Ethernet technologies ensures trary platforms using arbitrary program languages. high performance. The services themselves are also designed for high data throughput. An individual read call can access Tool or API thousands of values, for example. Subscriptions ser- Language Dependent vices enable notification when values are changed Proxy / (e.g. .NET) Stubs and exceed configured thresholds Services Binding INFORMATION MODELS WITH OPC UA Abstract UA Model Specification THE OPC UA META MODEL ➞ Important: The OPC UA model describes Services are independent of the model how clients access information on the serv- er. It does not specify how this information ➞ At the lowest level are the abstract OPC UA should be organized on the server. It could model and the services, including the whole ad- be stored in a subordinate device or a data- dress space model, different object and variable base, for example. structures, alarms and more. ➞ The next level (Services Binding) is used to The OPC UA object model defines a set of standard- specify how the services are to be mapped to cer- ized node types, which can be used to represent tain protocols. Currently mappings for TCP (UA- objects in the address space. This model represents TCP) and for HTTP (OPC UA WebServices) are objects with their variables (data/properties), meth- available. In the future – once new technologies ods, events and their relationships with other ob- become established – further mappings can be jects. specified without having to change the OPC UA The node properties are described through attributes model and the services. The mappings are en- defined by OPC UA. Attributes are the only elements tirely based on standardized basic protocols, of a server that have data values. The data types of which already exist on all known platforms. the attributes can be simple or complex. OPC UA enables modeling of any object and variable ➞ The following levels are realizations for dedi- types and the relationships between them. The se- cated platforms and languages. The OPC Foun- mantics is indicated by the server in the address dation itself offers three such realizations, namely space and can be picked up by clients (during navi- for Java, .NET and AnsiC/C++. gation). Type definitions can be standardized or ven- The last option contains a platform adaptation dor-specific. Each type is identified by the organiza- layer. tion that is responsible for its definition.
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Yunensa, Khorina Sari and , Rima Munawaroh, M.Sc., Apt (2016) Pengaruh Kombinasi Antibiotik Ampisilin Dan Minyak Atsiri Kulit Batang Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmanni) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus Multiresisten. Skripsi thesis, Universitas mUhammadiyah surakarta.
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Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacteria. S.aureus infections diseases is indicated by the tissue damage accompanied by suppurate abscess. The development of antibiotics are necessary to prevent the occurrence of bacterial resistance. The active compound sinnamaldehid and eugenol contained in the Cinnamomum burmanni essential oil can inhibit the growth and even kill S.aureus bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of antibiotic combination of ampicillin and Cinnamomum burmanni essential oils of toward S.aureus bacteria. Cinnamomum burmanni essential oils was obtained by using steam distillation and water. Antibacterial testing was done by using disk diffusion method. Both disk ampicillin and essential oil were put side by side. The distance between both disks was the calculation of each radical zone diameter. The test result considered as synergistic when both of the disk radical zone diameters overlap each other. It considered as antagonist if the radical zone is smaller than a single test, and considered indiferen if there is no changes in the diameter of both inhibition zone. The result of this study indicated that 100% of the essential oil concentration can inhibit the growth and kill S.aureus bacteria, 13.3 ± 0.41 mm and 15.3±0.41 mm. The combination of ampicillin and essential oils have an indiferen effect in the inhibition of S. aureus bacteria. Based on the paired sample t-test obtained significant values >0.05, means that there is no effect of a single sample and a combination toward the antibacterial activity.
Item Type: | Karya ilmiah (Skripsi) |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Antibiotics Combination, Cinnamomum burmanni Essential Oil, ampicillin, S.aureus |
Subjects: | R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica |
Divisions: | Fakultas Farmasi > Farmasi |
Depositing User: | KHORINA SARI YUNENSA |
Date Deposited: | 28 Jul 2016 06:41 |
Last Modified: | 28 Jul 2016 06:41 |
URI: | http://eprints.ums.ac.id/id/eprint/44606 |
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Chelsea DeBoer. Doesn't shock me, she has a very modern loud farmhouse vibe. She also very recently shared they she bought a family cabin to renovate so I bet that's the first project if they can't get others.
Teen mom
5 Comments
MM on 02/18/2022 at 7:51 am
Kelsey on 02/18/2022 at 8:35 am
Chelsea is by far the best Teen Mom to come out of the franchise but I don't know what HGTV is thinking here. I don't expect it to last more than a season and good for her but she's not even close to Joanna Gaines caliber and everything she's done to her home is a copy off of Instagram and doesn't have any ideas of her own. It's just nice nothing she has done isn't something that everyone else can do too. Best of luck and love seeing how far she's come but I truly think she's in over her head on this one!
Sarah on 02/18/2022 at 11:43 pm
? this is a world class example of back handed compliments
Keeping it real on 02/18/2022 at 10:05 am
So THAT'S where I recognized the name DeBoer. I saw some paid ad on IG about it and couldn't figure out where I knew those people from. IMO Chelsea is the prettiest of the early Teen Moms but her aesthetic is so painfully basic.
Property Sister on 02/18/2022 at 10:09 am
I always liked Chelsea but also feel like it's kind of random that she's designing houses. Idk if choosing designs for her own house makes her the next Joanna Gaines or Erin Napier, but maybe! ??♀


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How to install cPanel on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Have you wanted to use cPanel with Ubuntu instead of CentOS? Now you can! Many users prefer to use Have you considered substituting Ubuntu for CentOS when using cPanel? Now you can! Due to its popularity and ease of use as a control panel for managing websites, cPanel is frequently chosen by customers. In the past, this meant you had to use CentOS, but now You're in luck if you're interested in using cPanel on Ubuntu! This post will demonstrate how to quickly and easily install cPanel on an Ubuntu server and get it up and running.
Table of Contents
Before we begin, it's important to note that only Ubuntu 20.04 LTS is officially supported by cPanel. You might be able to install Ubuntu 18.04 and 22.04 using workarounds, but this is not officially supported.
On Ubuntu, cPanel supports only MySQL 8.0 as a database server. Other database servers are not supported at this time.
SELINUX is not compatible with cPanel. If you have it installed, you will need to disable selinux to continue installation.
cPanel recommends disabling any firewalls before you begin. In Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, you can do so as follows:
iptables-save > ~/firewall.rules
systemctl stop ufw.service
systemctl disable ufw.service
Getting started:
Let's now begin the installation procedure. You must carry out the following actions in order to install cPanel on an Ubuntu server:
- Get the installation script here: The cPanel installation script must first be downloaded from the cPanel website. The script can be downloaded by executing this command from your server's command line interface:
wget https://download.cpanel.net/cPanel_Installer/latest
- The script must be made executable: After downloading the script, you must run the following command to make it executable:
chmod +x latest
- Run the setup script: When you're ready to install cPanel, type the following command to launch the setup script:
- Watch for the installation to be finished: Depending on the speed of your server and the settings you selected to install, the cPanel installation procedure may take some time. A progress bar that shows how the installation is going will be visible.
- Because this will be your first time signing in and you don't yet have any cPanel users, you can access WHM to create some cPanel users first. You login by entering the server root username and password for at this URL:
- Read the directions: The remainder of the installation procedure will walk you through the initial configuration. You must agree to the license agreement and choose any extra features you want to install.
- Once the installation is finished, create at least one cPanel user account. In the "Account Functions" section in the left-hand sidebar, click "Create a New Account", and fill out the details as appropriate.
- You can now login to cPanel with the username and password you just created. Open a web browser and enter your server's IP address or hostname followed by ":2083". For instance:
That's it!
On your Ubuntu server, cPanel should now be installed and accessible. With cPanel, you have access to a simple web-based interface via which you can manage your websites, email accounts, databases, and more. cPanel is a robust and easy-to-use solution for managing your websites on Ubuntu, regardless of your level of experience with it.
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We do! Do not hesitate to contact us at sales[@]IOFLOOD.com if you require a cPanel dedicated server for your website or web application.
We focus on offering dependable and secure dedicated servers to our customers as a web hosting company. We have the tools and know-how to support your success whether you're looking to host a sizable website with high traffic levels or you require a server for a more specialized web application.
So please don't hesitate to get in touch with us right away or visit https://ioflood.com to browse our range of servers if you're looking for a dedicated server you can rely on. We would be happy to assist you with all of your web hosting needs.


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NORRIS HIGH SCHOOL DAILY BULLETIN - March 27, 2023
V-JV Baseball vs. Pius X - HOME - 4:30/6:30
Post Prom - This year's Post Prom will be held in the middle school gym from 11:15 p.m. - 3:00 a.m. There will be many fun activities (mechanical bull, cornhole, dodgeball tournament, etc.) and lots of prizes (TVS, Oculus, Nintendo Switch, Apple Air Pods, etc.) See the posters posted in the hallways for complete details. Cost is $10/person. Please sign up in the high school office. Also sign up your dodge ball team for the tournament.
Post Prom Dodge Ball Tournament - Each team should be made up of a maximum of 10 players in which 2 are females. This will be a single elimination tournament. Each game will be 10 minutes long. Sign up your team in the high school office. Sign up deadline Thursday, April 13.
April 5th College and Military Fair at Norris
CLICK HERE for the list of 20+ Representatives coming to see our high school scholars!
April 12th Career Discovery Day at Norris 8:30am to 11:30am
CLICK HERE for schedule by grades and more info
CLICK HERE for the list of over 60+ exhibitors
CLICK HERE for websites links for each exhibitor
April 19th SCC Programs Fair 9:30am to 11:30am
CLICK HERE for information and updates
Hey Seniors! Are you regularly checking Senior Google Classroom, ScholarshipQuest, the Norris Counseling Center scholarship pages, your email, etc for scholarship opportunities? This is your loving reminder! Don't let deadlines pass you by. Apply, apply, apply! You have a ton of resources at your fingertips! Use your checklist/spreadsheet in Senior Google Classroom to keep track! Apply, apply, apply!


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Van and Rachel discuss Kevin McCarthy finally being named speaker of the House (27:55), and the swearing in of embattled U.S. Representative George Santos (48:54). Then, Damar Hamlin heads back to Buffalo to continue his recovery (56:47), and when Meek Mill shoots a video at the presidential residence in Ghana, controversy ensues (1:00:42).
Hosts: Van Lathan Jr. and Rachel Lindsay
Producers: Donnie Beacham Jr. and Ashleigh Smith
Subscribe: Spotify / Apple Podcasts / Stitcher


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Event Programme
Don't Miss a Thing
- Kayıkhane
19:30 - 23:00GALA DINNER By T. ERDEM
10:00 - 10:15GRAND OPENNING OF I-CRAFT 2023 By Prof. Dr. Salih Kafkas
Prof. Dr. Salih KAFKAS ve Tarım İl Müdürü Mehmet Nuri KÖKÇÜOĞLU
10:15 - 10:30Mrs. Zehra BEKAR EREN Advisor to the Minister of Agriculture
10:30 - 10:45Prof. Dr. Gürkan Gürdil By Gürkan Gürdil
10:45 - 11:00Gloria TEODORANI By Gloria TEODORANI
MacFruit 2023
11:00 - 11:15Prof. Dr. Bruno Mezzetti By Bruno Mezzetti
11:15 - 11:30Prof. Dr. Neji TARCHOUN By Neji TARCHOUN
11:30 - 11:45Prof. Dr. Abdul CHAUDHRY By Abdul CHAUDHRY
11:45 - 12:00Prof. Dr. Michal Petru By Prof. Dr. Michal Petru
12:00 - 12:15Strategic Trends in Turkih Agriculture: Climate Change, Agricultural Production and Digital Farming Applications in Rural Regions By SAit M SAY
12:15 - 12:45Adana Farmers Union President Mutlu Doğru By Mutlu Doğru
14:00 - 14:15Issues of Agricultural Specialization in the Aral Sea Region By Abdullaev ESEN | Kdyrbaeva GULAN
14:15 - 14:30Estimation and Clasification of Physical Parameters Different Crop Seeds by Soft Computing Tecniques By Demet YILDIRIM | Elçin YEŞİLOĞLU CEVHER | Gürkan Alp Kağan GÜRDİL
14:30 - 14:45Ecological Assessment of the Aftereffect of Phosphogypsum on the Stabilization of the Carbon Balance of the Regenerated Topsoil of Degraded Sod-Podzolic Soils By Petr VASENEV, Andrey STEPANOV, Ivan VASENEV
14:45 - 15:00Evaluation of Agricultural Machinery Presence and Usage Activities in Tokat By Mustafa ALAN | Alper TANER | Hüseyin DURAN | Mahtem T. MENGSTU
15:00 - 15:15Analysis of the Technology of Sowing Rice by Seedling Method and Methods for Its Solution By Feruza ALIMOVA | Muhayyo SAIDOVA | Ergash BOBONIYOZOV | Beknur MIRZAYEV
15:15 - 15:30Microwave-Assisted Foam Mat Drying of Kumquat Puree and Investigation of Some Parameters By Hürkan Tayfun VAROL | Sevil KARAASLAN | Recep KÜLCÜ | Damla Su SİVRİ
15:30 - 15:45Construction and Evaluation of The Wind Tunnel Technique for Estimating Ammonia Volatilization from Land By Laleh GHANİZADEH HESAR
15:45 - 16:00Optimization of the Parameters of the Pneumatic Feed Mechanism for Precise Clustered Sowing By Feruza ALİMOVA| Muhayyo SAİDOVA | Bekzod PRIMQULOV | Tunahan ERDEM
16:15 - 16:30Effect of Germanium Oxide on The Properties of Aluminum Casting Details in Agricultural Machinery By Sarvar TURSUNBAEV | Nodir TURAKHODJAEV | Sharofiddin MARDONAKULOV | Shohzoda TOSHMATOVA
16:30 - 16:45Innovative Approach Of Biodegradable Mulches in Sustainable Agriculture for Crop Production and Environmental Conservation By Tefide KIZILDENİZ GÜRBÜZ | Esranur SOYLU
16:45 - 17:00Examining Limitations and Future Directions in Climate Change Simulation Models By Fatma BOZKURT | Tefide KIZILDENİZ
17:00 - 17:15The Role of Nutrition-Sensitive Climate-Smart Agriculture in Ensuring Global Food Security By Tefide KIZILDENİZ GÜRBÜZ | Hiba MEKYASSI
17:15 - 17:30Impact of Smart Irrigation Systems and Water Management on Climate Change By Yunus DURMUŞ | Gazal ARSLANSOY | Tefide KIZILDENİZ GÜRBÜZ
17:30 - 17:45A Case Study: How Sugarcane shaped Mauritius Economy and Culture, From 19th Century Colonial Trade to Today's Sustainable Energy Production By Uğur ERDOĞAN
17:45 - 18:00Investigation of Potential Challange of Speed Breeding in a Commercial Cotton Breeding Program By Ayşe ÇİL
18:00 - 18:15A Research on Metal and Metallurgical Properties of Chisel Tillage Machine Tines By Serkan ÖZDEMİR| Zeliha Bereket BARUT
18:15 - 18:30The Conceptualization of Agricultural Residues: Unlocking Potential for Sustainability By Gürkan A. K. GÜRDİL | Bahadır DEMİREL | Elçin YEŞİLOĞLU CEVHER
18:30 - 18:45Agroecological assessment of the efficiency of utilization of quail manure in the restoration of disturbed sod-podzolic soils with the formation of a stable herbage By Petr Vasenev
13:00 - 13:15Thermal Acclimation during Embryogenesis; Effect on Pre and Post Hatch Performance of Commercial Broiler Chickens; A Review By Nasir Abdallah | Kadriye KURSUN | Mikail Baylan
13:15 - 13:30Relationship Between Mastitis and Body Condition Score in Jersey Cattle By Gökhan GOKCE | Ezgi SENSES
13:30 - 13:45Genomic Selection in Animal Breeding By Hasan Batuhan DEMIRCIOGLU
13:45 - 14:00The Differences of Electrical Resistance Values of Vaginal Mucus (ERVM) in Yearling and Mature Saanen Goats By Ali Galip ÖNAL
14:00 - 14:15The Estimation of Heritability of Weekly Body Weights in Japanese Quails with ML (Maximum Likelihood) Method By G. Tamer KAYAALP | Mikail BAYLAN| Sibel CANOĞULLARI
14:15 - 14:30Apis mellifera Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), A Review Paper By Jaber AMIN| Ulviye KUMOVA
14:30 - 14:45Mountain Villages in the Provinces of Adana and Mersin: Livestock Breeders' Perceptions and Expectations of Cooperatives. By Serap GÖNCÜ| Şerife ERGÜL |Atalay ERGÜL| Özgül ANİTAŞ| Gökhan GÖKÇE
14:45 - 15:00Milk Composition Characteristics of Domestic Yellow Breed Cows in the Village Herd By Serap GÖNCÜ | Ahmet BAYRAM | Şerife ERGÜL |Atalay ERGÜL | Gökhan GÖKÇE
15:00 - 15:15Relationships Between Heat Shock Proteins and Yields in Cattle By Atalay ERGÜL| Serap GÖNCÜ| Mervan BAYRAKTAR| Şerife ERGÜL
15:15 - 15:30Comparison of Sheep and Goat Colostrum Fatty Acids Contents By Özgül ANİTAŞ| Serap GÖNCÜ | Nazan KOLUMAN
15:30 - 15:45Analysis of Cow Sweat Volatile Chemical Compounds in Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Device and Their Importance in Heat Detection By Özgül ANİTAŞ| Serap GÖNCÜ
15:45 - 16:00The Relationship Between Dry Matter Intake and the Average Daily Gain By Rashit USKENOV | Togzhan YENGSEBEK | Zhumagazy KURZHYKAEV | Saule BOSTANOVA | Bakytzhan AKKAIR
16:15 - 16:30Use of Milk's Electrical Conductivity in the Detection of Mastitis By Gökhan GÖKÇE
16:30 - 16:45Investigation of Genotype and Allele Distribution of PPARGC1A-T19C Locus in Holstein Cattle By Mervan BAYRAKTAR
16:45 - 17:00Egg Quality Characteristics of Sussex Chickens Reared Under The Housing Conditions of Cukurova University Farm By Kadriye KURSUN | Nasir ABDALLAH | Mikail BAYLAN
17:00 - 17:15Factors Affecting Meat Quality in Farm Animals By Harun KUTAY| Zeynep ŞAHAN | İslim POLAT AÇIK | Murat DURMUŞ
17:15 - 17:30Water Consumption and Control in Farm Animals By Harun KUTAY
17:30 - 17:45Effects of Moringa Oleifera Utilization on Meat Quality in Japanese Quail By Yunus Emre BOGA | Kadriye KURSUN | Mikail BAYLAN | Nasir ABDALLAH
17:45 - 18:00Investigation of Goose Breeding in Turkiye by Linear and Nonlinear Regression Models By Melis ÇELİK GÜNEY
14:00 - 14:15A Different Perspective on Agricultural Products within the Scope of Water Footprint Intensity By Hakan GÜNEY|Selman TÜRKEŞ|Bülent SARI
14:30 - 14:45Drinking Water Safety and Comparison of Drinking Water Characteristics with Multi-Criteria Decision- Making (MCDM) Methods By Adnan ABDULVAHİTOĞLU
14:45 - 15:00Spectroscopy and Machine Learning in Food processing: A Survey By Mahtem T. MENGSTU | Alper TANER| Hüseyin DURAN
15:00 - 15:15Determination of Fire Intensity After Forest Fire by Remote Sensing: Marmaris Case Study By Gülden SANDAL ERZURUMLU
15:30 - 15:45Diluent Alternatives for Reactive Extraction of Organic Acids from Aqueous Mediums By Emre YILMAZOĞLU
15:45 - 16:00Fast and Cheap Determination of Ammonium in Soil for Efficient Fertilization By Gulay YALÇIN ALKAN
16:15 - 16:30Comparison of Actual Evapotranspiration by the Google Earth Engine Evapotranspiration Flux (Eeflux) to the METRIC Model Using Remote Sensing Data and in-Situ Climate Observations By Omar ALSENJAR | Mahmut CETIN
16:30 - 16:45Antimicrobial Activity Of Medicinal Aromatic Plant: Melissa Officinalis, Styrax Officinalis, Echinops Ritro, Elaeagnus Angustifolia Plants By NURTEN YILMAZ | İslim POLAT AÇIK | Tunahan ERDEM | Ayşen BULANCAK
16:45 - 17:00The Chemical, Microbiological Properties and Antibiotic Resistance of Lactic Acid Bacteria İsolated from Cow, Goat, Donkey, Buffalo and Human Milk By Nurten YILMAZ | Uğur ZÜLKADİR | Serap GÖNCÜ | A. Samet ALA | Adnan BARUTÇU | Fatih ÖZOĞUL | Özgül ANİTAŞ
17:00 - 17:15Antioxidant production from medicinal aromatic plants By Burcu SERTKAYA, Ramazan BİLGİN
17:15 - 17:30Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizer Applications on Yedikule Lettuce (Lactuva Sativa L.) Yield and Chlorophyll Content By Yusuf Murat KEÇE
17:45 - 18:00Uses of Sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.) Extract By Sema ŞAHİN, Tunahan ERDEM
CO2 Emission By Andrei STEPANOV
Hardening of Gear Teeth Depending on the Concentration of Abrasive Particles in the Transmission Oil By M.A. ALLANAZAROV | Kh.K. ISHMURATOV
Determination of the Content and Quality Agricultural Techniques Required for Thousand Hectares of Cotton Area By A.A.ABDUVASIKOV | F.B.NAMOZOV | SH.E.UMIDOV
Assessment of Growth and Development of Hybrid Duckling Offspring By Makhabat SAGINBAYEVA
Improvement Methods of Feeding of Aquaculture By Farida ISAKOVA | Iroda TADJIBEKOVA | Fazliddin KURBONOV
Field Tests of A Cultivator that Proceeds Between Row Soils in Vineyards By Sherzodkhuja MİRZAKHODJAEV | Khusan UTAGANOV | Azzam MUSURMONOV
Results of Frontal Plug Tests Combined with Active Working Body By Sherzodkhuja MİRZAKHODJAEV | Ma'ruf DJİYANOV | Buron NURMİKHAMEDOV | Shavkat MAMASOV
Justification of Commercialization of Export-Oriented Harvesting Apparatus for Intensive Processing of Cotton Boxes By Ma'oruf DJİYANOV | Raxmonberdi XALİLOV | Farida ISAKOVA
Overdose Pesticide Use and Attitudes of Corn Producers: The Case of Ceyhan District of Adana Province By Seyit HAYRAN | Aykut GÜL | Halil İbrahim KURT
Interactive Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizatıon and Humic Substance on Nutrient Composition of Sweet Sorghum By Recep Irfan NAZLI | Veyis TANSI | Osman GULNAZ | Ebru KAFKAS | Alpaslan KUSVURAN | Hasan Huseyin OZTURK | Dilek Bostan BUDAK
Evaluation of Bioethanol Yield Potential of Different Sweet Sorghum Cultivars Grown as a Second Crop Under Eastern Mediterranean Conditions By Recep Irfan NAZLI | Mihrab POLAT
Eco-Friendly Purification of Heavy Metal Contaminated Wastewater Using Pomegranate Peel and Chitosan Derived Flocculant By Rana KHANKİSHİYEVA | Leyla MAHARRAMOVA | Aydan MUSAYEVA
Development and Construction of a Simple Portable Soil Drilling Machine By Elemide Oyebola ADEBOLA
Design of A Water Pump-Solar Source System for Drinking Water Supply By Urolboy KHALIKNAZAROV | Ulugbek IBROKHIMOV
- Akif KANSU
- Online
09:00 - 09:15Charcoal rot Disease (Macrophomina phaseolina) in Soybean Production Areas By Ayşegül ÇOLAK
09:15 - 09:30Effects of Foliar Calcium Application at Different PPM Levels on Yield and Quality in Soilless Cultivation of Thespian and Suntred Lettuce By Boran İKİZ
09:30 - 09:45A Research on the Detection of Some Phytochemical Properties in the Fruits of Passiflora Species. By Mesut ADA | İlbilge OĞUZ | Nesibe Ebru KAFKAS | Ayşegül BURGUT | Hayat TOPÇU
09:45 - 10:00The Effect of Bioreactor Use on in Vitro Clonal Propagation of Chestnut (Castanea Sativa) Microsurms By Nevzat SEVGİN
10:00 - 10:15Response of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) to Applications Organic and Chemical Fertilizer Applications on Grain Yield and Yield Components By Aybegün TON
10:15 - 10:30The Imperative of Establishing a Current Soil Databank Utilizing GIS: A Case Study of Türkgeldi Agriculture Enterprises By Yakup Kenan KOCA | Yavuz Şahin TURGUT | Halil AYTOP
10:30 - 10:45Determination of virus diseases in soybean production areas in Cukurova By Pelin KELEŞ ÖZTÜRK
10:45 - 11:00Effects of Putrescine and Spermine on Pollen Germination Levels of Some Olive Cultivars By Cansu DÖLEK | Şenay KARABIYIK
11:15 - 11:30Impact of Heat Stress on Sucrose Metabolism of Watermelon By Cigdem AYDOĞAN | Ece TURHAN
11:30 - 11:45Unveiling Climate Change Impacts on Agricultural Sustainability: Insights from the United States By Eser CELIKTOPUZ
11:45 - 12:00Impacts of Average Temperature and Precipitation Changes on Agriculture in Turkey: Example of SSP3-7.0 Scenario By Eser ÇELİKTOPUZ
12:15 - 12:30Prospects for the Use of Soyan Cake in the Production of Rye and Wheat Bread By Nurbibi MASHANOVA | Raushan AIMAGAMBETOVA | Zhuldyz SATAYEVA | Mirgul SMAGULOVA | Ainur IBZHANOVA | Gulmaida KARIMOVA
12:30 - 12:45Potential Status of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) in Turkiye and Its Impact on Human Health By Yakup POLAT
12:45 - 13:00Evaluation Possibilities of Different Parts of Pomegranate, a Historical Fruit and Its Effects on Health By Yakup POLAT
14:00 - 14:15Methods of Blackberry Propagation in Vitro Condition By Betül Ayça DÖNMEZ | Şule POLAT
14:15 - 14:30Managing Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) Resistance: Sustainable Agricultural Strategies By Yasin Nazım ALPKENT
14:30 - 14:45Pesticide Residue and Resistance Problem in Leafy Vegetables in Turkiye By Selçuk ULUSOY
14:45 - 15:00Effect of vermicompost, manure and mineral fertilizers on essential oil yield and composition of Thymus syriacus Boiss. By Nadire Pelin BAHADIRLI
15:00 - 15:15An Overview on the Internet of Things (IoT) Based Smart Irrigation Systems By Deniz Levent KOÇ
15:15 - 15:30Chemical Components of Different Solvent Extracts of Asclepias curassavica L. and Antibacterial Effect of the Extracts on Tomato Pathogens By Benian Pınar AKTEPE | Elif FERAHOĞLU | Yeşim AYSAN | Saliha KIRICI
15:30 - 15:45In Silico Analysis of Rhizoctonia Solani Anastomosis Groups and Genetic Diversity of AG-4 Population Based on Enzyme Profiles By Gülsüm PALACIOĞLU
15:45 - 16:00Fatty Acid Composition in Pistachio By Leyla Nurefşan GÜNDÜZ | Murat KAZAN | Hayat TOPÇU | Salih KAFKAS
16:15 - 16:30Determination of Yield and Yield Components in Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) Cultivars under Cukurova Ecological Conditions By Selma DİRENER | Cemal KURT
16:30 - 16:45Evaluating the Impact of Exogenous Chitosan and/or γ-aminobutyric acid Dipping on Postharvest Quality and Biochemical Changes of 'Fazli' mangoes During Ripening at Ambient Conditions By Md. Arfan ALİ | Tareq HAMIJO | Md. Golap HOSSAİN | Yakup POLAT | Ilbilge OGUZ | Nesibe Ebru KAFKAS
16:45 - 17:00Agroecological assessment of the influence of the hollow micro-relief on the yield of durum wheat on typical chernozems in the conditions of the year with increased precipitation By Ivan VASENEV | Petr MALCHİKOV | Dmitriy MOREV | Riccardo VALENTİNİ | Vladislava POTAPOVA
17:00 - 17:15Image Preprocessing Techniques Applied on NIR Images for Fruit Bruise Detection By Zeynep UNAL
17:15 - 17:30Adaptability of Deep Learning: Datasets and Strategies in Fruit Classification By Alhanouf ALTULIHAN | Yonis GULZAR | Zeynep UNAL | Shahnawaz AYOUB | Faheem Ahmad REEGU
17:30 - 17:45Suitable Chemical Analysis Methods for Determining Plant Available Nitrogen in Aegean Region By Vedat BEDİRHANOĞLU| Adil AYDIN | Vural KARAGÜL | Ali ERTÜRK
17:45 - 18:00Agroecological Assessment of the Efficiency of Utilization of Quail Manure in the Restoration of Disturbed Sod-Podzolic Soils with the Formation of a Stable Herbage By Andrey STEPANOV
14:00 - 14:10Niğde's Sustainable Strategies for Urban and Landscape Renewal By Gülden SANDAL ERZURUMLU
14:15 - 14:30Effect of Biochar Application on Nutrient Uptake and Root Growth Under Deficit Irrigation Conditions By Ozlem CAKMAKCİ | Talip CAKMAKCİ | Sefik TUFENKCİ
14:30 - 14:45Performance Analyses of Basic Cogeneration Plants in Agrıculture and Food Production By Rabi KARAALİ
14:45 - 15:00Exergetic Analyses of Air-Fuel Preheated Cogeneration Plants in Food Production By Arzu KEVEN | Rabi KARAALİ
15:00 - 19:00Drinking Water Safety and Comparison of Drinking Water Characteristics with Multi-Criteria Decision- Making (MCDM) Methods By Adnan VAHİTOĞLU
15:10 - 15:20Effect of organic and chemical fertilizer applications on yedikule lettuce(lactuva sativa L) yield and Chlorophyll content By Yusuf Murat KEÇE
15:15 - 15:30Algorithm of Allocation of Agricultural Land Occupied by Winter Crops By Joulia Lvovna MESHALKINA | Alexander KRENKE | Valeria DOBROVOLSKAYA | Olga MANAKOVA | Alexis YAROSLAVTSEV
15:30 - 15:45Nutritional value and quality aspects of wheat produced and consumed in Albania By Lorena MATO | Zamir DAMANI | Dritan TOPI | Arben OSMANAJ
15:45 - 16:00Comparative Analysis of Different-age Vineyards in Fruska Gora National Park, in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia, on the Characteristics of Lateral Migration of Mobile Sulphur By Andreeva IRINA
16:00 - 16:15Spring Wheat Biomass Estimation by Proximal and Remote Methods in Condition of Academical Field of Central Russia By Nikita ALEKSANDROV| Maria BOBROVSKAYA | Ivan SEREGIN | Alexey BUZYLEV
16:15 - 16:30Spring Wheat Yield Prediction with Empirical Regression Models Using Different Biomass Parameters By Nikita ALEKSANDROV | Anastasia EVSAANKO | Alexey YAROSLAVTSEV| Alexey BUZYLEV | Ivan SEREGİN
16:30 - 16:45Comparative Assessment of the Climatological Conditions on the Biological Activity of Ampelocenoses Soils Cultivated in the Wine-Growing Regions of the Southern Coast of Crimea and the Eastern part of the National Park "Fruska Gora" By Valerie GABECHAYA
16:45 - 17:00An Improved Pistachio Detection Approach Using YOLO-v8 Deep Learning Models By Gökalp ÇINARER | Mübarek Mazhar ÇAKI
17:00 - 17:15Evaluation of the Effect of Different Doses of Biochar Applicatıon on the Yield of Soybean Cultivar Sculptor in the Conditions of Agroecological Station of K.A. Tımıryazev By Tikhonova M.V. | Zhigaleva Y.S. | Iliushkova E.M. | Taller E.B.
17:15 - 17:30Agroecological Assessment of the Adaptation of the Sowing Period of Spring Wheat to the shift of the Summer Maximum of Precipitation due to Global Climate Changes By Ivan VASENEV | Ishen BESALİEV | Alexey YAROSLAVTSEV
17:30 - 17:45Spatially-Temporal Distribution of Moisture Content and Dynamics of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Upper Soil Horizons in Floodplain Fallow Lands of Bashmakovsky District of Penza Oblast By Buzylev A.V | Tikhonova M.V. | Taller E.B. | Zhigaleva Y.S. | Iliushkova E.M.
17:45 - 18:00The Potential of Bioinoculants in Enhancing the Mushroom Productivity By Mehmet ÇETİN | Funda ATİLA
18:00 - 18:15Biocontrol Potential of Entomopathogenic Nematodes on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) By Esengül ÖZDEMİR
18:15 - 18:30An Evaluation on the Examples of Mobile Smart Agriculture Applications in Turkiye By Zeynep DEMİREL ATASOY
18:30 - 18:45Optimum Insulation Thickness Calculation of External Walls of Commercial Poultry Farms By Ismail CANER | Okan KON
18:45 - 19:00Investigation of Heat Losses and Exergy Analysis in Greenhouses wıth Dıfferent Coatings By İsmail CANER | Okan KON
19:00 - 19:15Unveiling the Diversity of Firm4 and Firm5 Groups from Honey Bee Gut Microbiota in Türkiye By Mustafa RÜSTEMOĞLU
19:15 - 19:30Effects of Mealworm (Tenebrio Molitor L.) Larvae Supplementation to Alfalfa hay at Different Levels on in Vitro Gas and Methane Production By Merve HANÖNÜ | Selma BÜYÜKKILIÇ BEYZİ | Mustafa ÖZDEMİR
19:30 - 19:45A Study on Quality Properties of Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) Fruit Powder Obtained by Different Drying Treatments By Recep GÜNES