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Dog Dental Care Suggestions For Your Pet
27 Jul 2018 14:32
Replace your toothbrush at least when every single 3 months. Also, be confident to reward your cat for becoming so patient while you brush her teeth with either a treat or play. This will let her know that she did a good job, as nicely as aid make future brushings less difficult on you both. Your mouth can be prone to gum illness and cavities due to aging, you can also commence experiencing tooth loss as you get older. Adult oral overall health concerns: Numerous adults face certain oral health issues related to aging. See your dentist to address problems such as gum disease, dry mouth, teeth grinding, TMJ, sensitive teeth, medicines and your teeth, or yellowing teeth.Toddlers must be off the bottle by now. Caregivers who have not however weaned their babies from the bottle want to be warned that their youngsters may possibly create significant cavities if they continue using a bottle. These families ought to be instructed to continue to check for indicators of early cavities by lifting the baby's lip to check teeth. Early cavities are white or brownish spots. If the caregiver sees brown or white spots on the teeth, the youngster ought to see a dentist immediately.Oral cancer - according to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, guys over the age of 40 have the greatest danger for oral cancer. About approximately 43,000 men and women will be diagnosed with cancer of the mouth, tongue or throat location, and the ACS estimates that about 7,000 folks will die from these cancers. The use of tobacco goods and alcohol increases the risk of oral cancer. Most oral cancers are first diagnosed by the dentist for the duration of a routine checkup.Your mouth can be prone to gum disease and cavities due to aging, you can also commence experiencing tooth loss as you get older. Wipe your baby's gums with a clean gauze pad or wash cloth soon after feeding. When teeth seem, brush them day-to-day. Do not enable your child to fall asleep with a bottle containing milk, formula, fruit juice or sweetened liquids. Do not give your baby a pacifier coated with juice. And in no way fill your baby's bottle with sugar water or soft drinks.If you have any of these troubles, you must see a dentist right away, and if you are in or around the Alpharetta, GA region, we encourage you to make contact with us, as we would really like to help you get your oral well being back on track. To know far more about dentistry in Westlake Austin and to avoid dental issues, really feel totally free to get in touch with us. At Austin Dental Care, we not only treat dental issues but also recommend the best techniques to avoid dental troubles.Your mouth can be prone to gum illness and cavities due to aging, you can also commence experiencing tooth loss as you get older. After you've had teeth whitening, or if you're lucky enough to have a naturally white smile, oral hygiene could support minimize the discolouration of teeth overtime and sustain your healthier, pearly whites for longer. A great everyday oral routine involves brushing teeth completely twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste, across all surfaces for at least two minutes to eliminate bacteria.Your mouth can be prone to gum disease and cavities due to aging, you can also start off experiencing tooth loss as you get older. Give your mouth the best possibility by selecting water as an alternative- and lots of it! Drinking water has numerous overall health rewards. Water will assist rinse away and dilute acids in your mouth and is a natural deterrent for dry mouth. Get your cat employed to the thought of obtaining her teeth brushed. Hold the sessions quick and optimistic. Gently massage her gums with your finger or a cotton swab.Another cause why cheese is excellent for your kid's overall health is probiotic bacteria which assists in strengthening teeth by living in your child's oral microbiome. Cheese is created through the fermentation of milk and a properly-treated cheese is complete of probiotic bacteria. This bacteria is identified to stop tooth decay by stopping the growth of damaging bacteria.You could have heard the saying that the eyes are the window to the soul, but did you know that the mouth is the window to general wellness? When you believe about health goals you may possibly picture the fitness center and kale smoothies, but oral hygiene is just click the following website as essential.Your mouth can be prone to gum disease and cavities due to aging, you can also begin experiencing tooth loss as you get older. Shop you toothbrush exactly where it will not be contaminated by bacteria. If you loved this post as well as you Mouse Click The Following Website Page would want to receive more details with regards to just click the following website generously stop by the website. So, not on the toilet! Place it in a drawer or in a toothbrush case. Halitosis—or bad breath—can be the first sign of a mouth problem and is caused by bacteria developing from meals particles caught in between the teeth or by gum infection. Typical tooth-brushings are a excellent answer.Fluoridated water was less widespread when Sota was developing up, and there were no fluoride rinses. With out that protection, "most of us in this age group have fillings, and that is where we typically see cracks in sufferers more than 50," says Kimberly Harms, DDS, a consumer advisor for the American Dental Association. "When a tooth is repaired, it is never as robust as the original." But with age, even unfilled teeth become vulnerable to cracks. And those are prime breeding grounds for bacteria.
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The Good Doctor 2.Sezon 13.Bölüm izle, Dr. Shaun Murphy, Dr. Morgan Reznick and Dr. Audrey Lim treat a woman with autism and a delicate brain condition while navigating the complicated relationship she has with her roommate, who is also on the spectrum. Meanwhile, Lea and Shaun are still figuring out their friendship and roommate status.
En İyi Sonuçlar

subset: commoncrawl


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Elsie Kangai Mathiu
From Kenya. She has a passion for agribusiness development, youth empowerment and partnership building. She is an Agricultural Economist with MSc. Agricultural and Applied Economics (Rural Development option) and BSc. Agricultural Economics. She has twelve (12) years of experience in development work, both as a practitioner and a consultant in Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E). She has managed development projects serving smallholder crops and livestock farmers with successful business cases in Kenya. Thus, she has built expertise in program management, R&D, coordination, preparation of training manuals, resource mobilization and networking. She has served in different capacities as a consultant in development programs in the East African Region including Usomi Ltd/ABS, Agri-Experience, AGRA, NRI (UK), IFPRI, UNECA, FAO, Techno Serve Kenya, ASDSP, ASARECA and Future Agricultures Consortium (FAC) among others. She has also co-authored different reports, presentations, policy briefs and publications covering agricultural policy, youth and agriculture, livestock policy issues, Agribusiness public-private partnerships, technology uptake pathways, technology inventory, private sector investments in agricultural R&D and high value crops.


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Introduction to ADC0804
- The ADC0804 is integrated circuitry that used to transform anlog input into the digital output. This eight-bit analog to digital converter has twenty pinouts.
- This integrated circuit is mostly used in different microcontrollers such as Raspberry Pi etc. To triggering this ADC module there is no need of external clock this module has its own clock.
- This component is the best choice if you are looking such analog to digital converter having the finest resolution and eight bits.
- Earlier microcontrollers do not consist of analoge digital converter that used separate hardware for this purpose but currently, microcontrollers comprise of the ADC converter.
- These signal converter mostly used for temperature measurements like in homes or industries to measure the temperature of heating elements used in different machines. In automobiles like a car, it also used for measurement of temperature.
- This module is not used only for the temperature calculation but used in such applications where analog signal is used.
Pinout of ADC0804
- These are the main pinouts of this module that are described here with the detailed.
Pin No: | Pin Name: | Parameters |
Pin#1 | Chip Select Pinout | If more than one analog to digital converter is working with this module. |
Pin#2 | Read command pinout | This pinout should be grounded to read the analog signal. |
Pin#3 | Write command | For data, conversion this pinout has a large pulse. |
Pin#4 | Clock in command | The exterior clock signal can be linked at this pinout. |
Pin#5 | Interrupt | Interrupt command is provided at this pinout. |
Pin#6 | Vin positive | For differential analog input attach analog to digital converter here. |
Pin#7 | Vin negative | For differential analog input, link to ground terminals. |
Pin#8 | Gnd | At his pinout analog ground terminal is connected. |
Pin#9 | reference voltage | This pinout is used to provide reference voltage during analog to digital conversion. |
Pin#10 | Gnd | At this ground pinout, the digital ground is connected. |
Pin#11 to 18 | Data bit 0 to bit 7 | Seven output Data bit pins from which output is obtained |
Pin#19 | Clock R | This is RC timing resistor input pinout for interior clock generator. |
Pin#20 | Data Pin 6 | This pinout is used to connect input plus five volts for analogue to a digital module. |
Features of ADC0804
- These are some features of ADC0804 that describe with detail.
- This module can easily connect with other microcontroller and can also work alone in any circuitry.
- This is eight-bit analog to digital converter module.
- At this module, interior clock exists there is no need of special clock oscillator.
- Its digital output values change from zero to two fifty-five volts.
- This module is available in twenty pinouts PDIP (dual inline packaging) and SOIC (small outline integrated circuits) packaging.
- It takes one hundred ten microseconds for the conversion of analoge to digital values.
- Its interior clock frequency is six fort kilo-hertz.
- It can measure the voltages from zero to five volts by operating on the five volts input supply.
Working of ADC0804
- Now we discuss the working of ADC0804 with the detailed.
- As we discussed above that this module consists of the interior clock and there is no need of any separate clock.
- But if for use of this interior clock we have to connect RC circuitry with this module. This module must be linked with the plus five volts power supply and both ground pinouts linked with the ground terminal of circuitry.
- For the construction of resistance-capacitor (RC) circuitry use ten-kilo resistance and capacitor of hundred pico-farads after that attached the pinouts CLK R and CLK in as shown in a given figure.
- The pinouts CS and R should be linked with the ground. The reference pinout is not connected with any point since it will be linked with the plus five volts.
- In given circuitry you can observe that the input analog voltage is provided at the IN (+) pinout and digital output will be obtained at the DB0 and DB7 pinouts.
- You can also see that the second terminal of a source is connected with the ground for analog to digital conversion.
- Before starting of analog to digital transformation the WR pinout should be high this condition can be obtained by linking this pinout with the input or output pinout of Microprocessing Unit and it set to high value.
- In the circuit you can also see that potentiometer is linked to varying the voltage from zero to five volts at the input pinout.
- In the given figure, you can also see that voltage value is 1.55 volts and its corresponding binary value is (01001111) .
- Now we discuss how we can convert this binary value into the analog,
- As our binary value is (01001111)
- First of all, we convert it into decimal.
Binary to Deci = (0 x128)+(1 x 64)+(0 x 32)+(0 x16)+(1 x 8)+(1 x 4)+(1 x 2)+(1 x1)
= 79 Analoge value will be= Deci x step size
= (79) x (19.53)mV = (1.54)V
- As you can observe that obtained value is (1.54 volts) and 1,55 volts is measured value both of these are approximately close to each other.
Applications of ADC0804
- These are some applications of ADC0804, let's discuss with the detailed.
- It can function with an eight-bit processor.
- Normally it used with the different microprocessors like Raspberry PI, Beagle Bone, etc.
- It can easily be linked with the sensing devices, voltage sources and transducers.


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The anniversary wishes cake is a beautifully crafted confectionary masterpiece, adorned with heartfelt messages and delightful decorations. The cake's base is a luscious, moist layer cake, covered in smooth, velvety frosting. The frosting can be a classic white or a charming pastel hue, depending on personal preference.
The cake is then elegantly decorated with intricate designs and patterns, reflecting the joy and celebration of an anniversary. Delicate floral motifs, swirling patterns, or intricate lace-like details may grace the cake's surface, adding a touch of sophistication and beauty. Enhance your celebration day by receiving personalized messages on My Name on Pics (MNOP). Modify your message in a flash and then enjoy personalized Anniversary wishes Serenity.


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Anthony Edwards need to be turning into organized for March Insanity. Feeding on grew to become 19 a long time previous within just August, Edwards is 6 months young than Oklahoma Region's Cade Cunningham, a prospect for 1st general pick out within 2021. When 1 of All those gamers is prepping for the event, the other is increasing as an NBA participant Malik Beasley Flag. If yourself checked out upon the Minnesota Timberwolves (no judgment) early in just the time, Edwards incorporates much better every single thirty day period he's been within the league. All through 6 game titles inside of March, Edwards is averaging 28.7 details, 5.3 rebounds, and 2.3 aids for each match When capturing 45.7 % versus the business. In opposition to the Phoenix Suns upon Thursday, Edwards location an exclamation stage upon this warm streak within just a substantial path. The preceding no https://www.fanminnesotastore.com/Dangelo_Russell_T_shirt-13. 1 total decide on lost 42 details, nabbed 7 message boards, and dished a few allows. He is the 3rd-youngest participant in the direction of include a 40-issue video game. Merged with Karl-Anthony Metropolitan areas' 41-reality general performance, this was exactly the moment period 2 Timberwolves every scored 40 specifics inside of a single video game within franchise record. There had been innumerable elements Edwards did inside of his general performance within Phoenix that he was not performing in just December or January. Potentially it's him increasing into his match or Chris Finch is made up of all of a sudden unlocked him, however both path Edwards is much taken off against the participant he was at the commencing of the period. Enable's visual appeal at a handful of of the performs that stood out towards his significant recreation upon Thursday. Looking through DefensesDefenses figured out early upon that Edwards sought after in the direction of inspiration the ball https://www.fanminnesotastore.com/Malik_Beasley_Flag-101. The adjustment was in direction of push up upon him in the direction of strain him in the direction of acquire a contested 3 or go. Undoubtedly still slowly and gradually, Edwards is made up of changed and figured out what in direction of do inside of these types of predicaments. Mikal Bridges appreciates Edwards will shoot this, in particular with a handful of ft of Room as he catches the Rubio go. Bridges, a Terrific defender, winds up forcing Edwards in direction of retain the services of Cities' display screen upon Dario Saric https://www.fanminnesotastore.com/Custom_Hoodie-28. Currently, Edwards gathers a intellect of steam as he turns the corner toward determination baseline for the dunk. (Notice: Jae Crowder would make a small business alternative below and becomes out of the route. The veteran requires no alternatives of winding up inside an Edwards Ultimate Shot.)A Managing Again Grew to become Capturing GuardDid oneself notice Anthony Edwards performed operating back again as a soccer participant? Based mostly upon the course he makes use of Naz Reid's display screen which includes a blocker, yourself may consist of guessed that. In any case, the hire of the superior display screen below is very good for allowing for Edwards towards obtain momentum into the open up lane. Manufacturing Cities' Lifetime EasierOne of the early criticisms of Edwards was that he was much too centered upon scoring. This wasn't an invalid evaluation considering the fact that Edwards' non-details counting figures ended up underwhelming. Edwards from time to time attempted towards generate performs for teammates and appeared towards attempt in direction of create the specifically choice Jaden McDaniels Pet Jersey. But, he would do components which include initiating a dribble hand-off with Ricky Rubio at the 3-truth line with 3 seconds upon the clock. The aim was there, however the timing was incorrect. Inside of the higher than clip, Edwards commences within just isolation towards Bridges right before Chris Paul aids against the corner. As Edwards probes the protection, DeAndre Ayton way too assists higher than. Edwards incorporates nowhere toward shift nonetheless sees Cities at this time open up for the 3-pointer. Anytime Edwards is rolling, he helps make Metropolitan areas' lifetime a great deal, considerably less complicated. Inside yet another engage in, Cities rebounds an Edwards miss out on, is automatically swarmed as a result of 2 Suns, however Edwards operates in the direction of the basket in direction of get hold of the go for the straightforward bucket. Other days, Cities may possibly comprise experienced toward increase up around 2 defenders considering that his teammates would stand upon the perimeter. Each time yourself incorporate 2 outstanding avid gamers, they ought to do the job collectively towards comfort the other's stress. Generating It Occur For HimselfRemember any time Anthony Edwards experienced effort and hard work issues? Edwards' work contains not been an place this year Jordan McLaughlin Pillow Cover. Gamers who drop asleep devoid of the ball put on't do elements including this. Edwards follows the participate in and continues to be in just a level in direction of have an impact on the perform. He's rewarded with an open up move and sufficient area in direction of release for a dunk. Edwards did factors including this innumerable instances. It seems to be such as he appreciates what other more youthful avid gamers constantly wear't
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Personnel from armed forces and government agencies attended the tenth Grifone exercise – held in Dobbiaco in the Dolomites from September 4-8 – in order to acquire new skills and share experiences of mountain search and rescue. Alberto Celsan and Marco Bazzan investigate.
Grifone 2017
An Italian Air Force Grob glider is training over South Tirol with an instructor and student on board. Suddenly, communications with the crew are lost. The last visual contact is reported by another glider flying nearby. The detachment chief at Dobbiaco Airport reports the emergency to the military in Padova. After a few minutes, the police are informed by a group of mountain-bikers that a glider entered a cloud and failed to emerge, while the local mountain rescue centre receives an alert from a tourist group who noticed a glider suddenly disappear while performing risky manoeuvres. The incident is confirmed to law enforcement authorities by a man who saw a glider losing its tail and two parachutes opening.


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Submitted by Rebecca Degnan.
(Sept. 22, 2020) — This past summer, Haddam's Blue Fire Stage Company pulled off what many thought was impossible – a live, outdoor, socially distanced theatrical production, The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee. Performed at Parmelee Farm in Killingworth, the company worked closely with local health departments throughout the rehearsals and performances, and their nearly sold-out run was a huge success. Persevering through a pandemic, a tornado warning, hurricanes, a power outage and even one show performed fully on generator power, this small nonprofit theatre company demonstrated their creativity, determination, teamwork and attention to detail to an audience that was hugely grateful to experience live theatre after so many months of quarantine. Now, Blue Fire is using those same qualities to launch yet another creative project – fall theatrical workshops for kids, teens and adults, held outdoors at the former Haddam Elementary School.
Blue Fire's mission statement is shared on their website: "The mission of Blue Fire Stage Company is to build a collaborative, diverse and accepting community through the arts and arts education…" Over the past year, their main focus has been on the performance aspect of their mission. "We are now excited to begin focusing on our educational goals," says Rebecca Degnan, one of the founders of Blue Fire. "Running classes and workshops has always been a part of our plan. We needed a space to do that, and it was very important to us that we stay local to the HK community. We are so excited to have been given the opportunity to rent space at the former Haddam Elementary School, which we can now call our home. This gives us the opportunity to begin running classes and workshops."
The fall workshops being offered by Blue Fire focus on a variety of performance skills. Each workshop is offered for a variety of age groups, including adults, and are appropriate for performers of all experience levels. Small class sizes allow the teachers to cater their instruction and feedback to each individual student at their level. There are workshops that focus on auditioning skills, including a unique workshop that helps students get the most out of a cold read at an audition, storytelling through movement, character development, improvisation, and a theatre games workshop as well. "We wanted to create a workshop curriculum for everyone," says Johanna Milani, the Education Coordinator. "No matter your level of experience, whether you have never performed before, or if you have been performing for years, you will be able to find a workshop to suit your needs." Class descriptions are available by downloading their workshop brochure here: Fall Workshop Brochure
Blue Fire's workshop teachers are experienced performers and teachers, and those who have attended their shows are sure to recognize them. They are Rachel Ballasy, Rebecca Degnan, and HK alumni Johanna Regan Milani and Henry Tobelman.
Rachel Ballasy is a performer, director, and choreographer whose talent and skills have been on display from the midway (Hersheypark) to the main stage in PA and CT, most recently performing as Olive Ostrovsky in Blue Fire's summer production of 'Spelling Bee.' Rachel started working with young theatre minds as a theatre camp director in her hometown of Ellington. She went on to direct and choreograph middle school and high school students (Seussical, White Christmas and Beauty and the Beast to name a few) for the past five years.
Rebecca Degnan has a BMus from the Hartt School of Music. Her first teaching experience was at Neighborhood Music School's Audubon Arts Summer Camp, and she loves to bring the fun and energy of a camp environment to all of her teaching experiences. She has taught voice through her private studio in Haddam since 2004.She was the chorus teacher at HKMS for many years before earning her MS in Counseling from CCSU and becoming a school counselor there. She is the founder and director of the Shoreline Singers choral program, and has music directed and accompanied for a number of theatrical groups throughout CT. She is the President of the Board of Directors of Blue Fire, and a founding member.
Johanna Regan Milani is the Educational Coordinator for Blue Fire. She has been coordinating the curriculum development and scheduling for the fall workshop series, and will be teaching many of the workshops. She is an actor, singer, and director based out of CT, with a BA in musical theatre from Ashland University, and her MAT in education from CCSU. She has performed with numerous companies across CT in roles such as Mary Poppins (Mary Poppins), Belle (Beauty and the Beast), Tracy Turnblad (Hairspray), Baker's Wife (Into the Woods), and Lady of the Lake (Spamalot). Johanna has taught in both high school and elementary school settings, and has worked with actors of all ages for over a decade.
Henry Tobelman has been doing local theatre since the age of 12 and has performed in shows including Les MIserables (Javert), Jesus Christ Superstar (Pontius Pilot), Little Shop of Horrors (voice of Audrey II), Mary Poppins (Bert) and many more. He was a head counselor at YPCCA Jr Theatre Camp for 5 years, where he taught character building, scene analysis, staging and set design. He has taught theatre and music for students ages 5-45 for over six years, including guitar, piano, voice and beginner drums. In addition, he writes original music for his band, King Bongo, and is working on theatrical writing in his free time.
Blue Fire is no stranger to navigating health and safety requirements during COVID. Having successfully and safely run outdoor rehearsals and performances this past summer, they are quite familiar with all requirements and follow them diligently. All workshops will be offered outdoors, and students and teachers will be observing social distancing guidelines, including wearing masks, maintaining a 6-foot distance, and increasing this distance to at least 12 feet when students are performing without masks. "We are ready and willing to make adjustments to our classes and procedures if health department guidelines change," says Rebecca. "We are working closely with our local health department in order to stay aware of any changes as they happen." Information about costs can be found on the website.
What does the future hold for Blue Fire? "Unfortunately, an in-person winter show is unlikely due to COVID," says board member Christa Douyard. "However, we are looking forward to continuing our education program, and hope to offer virtual classes in the winter." As soon as the company is able to perform safely again, they look forward to planning their second mainstage performance, and hope to host a wine-tasting cabaret fundraiser as well, either in-person or virtually. One thing is for sure, nothing will keep this little-theatre-that-could down. For more information on Blue Fire or their Fall Workshop Series, visit them at www.bluefirestage.org, or on Facebook or Instagram @bluefirestage.


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Residents of Wurogayandi and environs, who are subsistent farmers, helplessly watch flood and erosion destroy the only bridge connecting them to the rest of the world.
Wurogayandi, a community in Madagali local government of Adamawa State, links Borno with Adamawa State thereby providing a route for inhabitants to trade in agricultural commodities.
WikkiTimes gathered that the renowned Wurogayandi bridge provides a safe crossing route for the locals.
However, at the onset of this year's rainy season, flood-prone areas on the other side of the Wurogayandi bridge found themselves in a dilemma. The fate of the only bridge connecting them with the outside world.
Wurogayandi bridge is on the verge of breaking down and once it collapses, many communities will be ravaged, and many spartan agricultural farming areas will be halted down, said Emmanuel Tsamdu, a former lawmaker.
The risk-prone areas of Shuwa Gari, Angwan Sarki, Lumadu Sama, Lumadu Kasa, Duhu Gari, Kwambula and Kopa.
Tsamdu, said that the bridge is in a nearly collapsed state over incessant flood disasters the area records yearly.
"I'm telling you that Pallam has been cut off from normal life, our people can't access other communities. As I'm talking to you the bridge close to Shuwa is on the verge of collapse.
"Any other construction you see in Madagali is an intervention project by the federal government, no state resources are being used to the development of the area. May be waiting for another intervention program to rescue our people, I fear before then we will all be ravaged by floods," he said.
Mamza Idi, a resident of Gulak, accused the government of consistently neglecting the Wurogayandi bridge over the years, leaving communities affected in despair.
To him, if the bridge collapsed, a lot of people will be denied access to livelihood especially those in commercial farming.
"We have been making countless calls, reaching out to the government of the day but our cries are not being heard over this problem we are facing.
"It might surprise you this is the governor's local government, is more of his home town, a place he supposes to pride himself that he has achieved something good. But what are we seeing? Negligence and less attention are what we get," Idi said.
Read: Adamawa Herbalist Defiles 14-Year-Old Patient
Idi recalled that last year the entire Madagali local government experienced the same problem, and tabled the same complaint to Governor Ahmadu Fintiri but nothing was tangibly done.
He said four bridges are damaged and there is nothing much the Government of Adamawa state is doing to rescue the situation.


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Given the coverage I've devoted to censorware company N2H2's finances, e.g. "dead company walking", "another step" "bankruptcy-watch", it seems only fair that I note today they have finally, at last, stopped losing money.
See, the difference between them and me, is that I'll admit a fact in their favor (even if grudgingly), while they pretend to the Copyright Office that I haven't circumvented their censorware's encryption.
Anyway, N2H2 announced:
Revenue was $3.098 million for the [quarter] ...
Operating expenses were $3.064 million ...
The company achieved a quarterly net profit for the first quarter in its history at $48,000.
48/3098 = margin of 1.55% of revenue. But it must be granted that it's positive, even if tiny.
Note this profit came from cutting expenses ("29%"), NOT from any significant increase in revenue ("4%"). I had thought they'd front-load that revenue figure somehow.
They still have a company deficit of nearly two million dollars ($1,836,000). I have no idea what makes a negative-value company worth acquisition via "an all-stock transaction valued at approximately $19.9 million". I suspect there's an Other People's Money aspect at work here.
By Seth Finkelstein | posted in censorware | on July 31, 2003 11:14 PM (Infothought permalink) | Followups
Book Value v. Market Value
A company may carry a different value on it's books than it would on a sale. Most publically traded companies have a higher market capitalization then GAAP Equity. Accounting does not capture the value of intangibles which might contribute to future profitability until a company is sold and the aquiring company puts up an asset called 'goodwill' which represents the future value the purchaser placed on the company by virtue of the fact that they paid more than book value for the company.
My company could hold a valuable patent, but its books won't record the value of the future income from that patent, only the cost of aquiring it. My company might also not produce a profit because I have a high expense ratio. Another company might value my company as the presevt value of the patent fees assuming they could fire all my employees and administer the patent using their existing staff. Their value for the company is markedly different from the book value.
Roy, I do understand that, as a theoretical proposition, a company with negative book value may have assets worth buying. But in this specific situation, the reasoning escapes me. N2H2 doesn't have any valuable patents or special expertise, nothing worth terribly much. The marketing might be worth something - but nearly TWENTY MILLION DOLLARS??? Where is the value here?


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My interest in the Entertainment Industry started when I drove Limousines in College because I played College Basketball and this job allowed me to work when I had the time. I drove a lot of Entertainers, Athletes, and Celebrities in the Boston area, which piqued my interest, working with Top Talent.
Shortly after College, I relocated to Tampa, Florida and I took advantage of my Education in Business Management to submerse myself in the highly sought-after Management Training Program with Enterprise Rent a Car.
While excelling at an extremely high level and constantly finishing #1 in Sales in the Tampa Bay area, I was on a fast track to get promoted quickly, but my plans came to a sudden halt, unexpectedly! I was on my way to work one morning and just 5 minutes into my commute, I was almost killed in a car accident! In a fight for my life, I was flown by helicopter to Tampa General Hospital because I wouldn't have survived by Ambulance.
I suffered from a Broken Skull and a Traumatic Brain Injury. I was in a coma for a few days and in the Hospital for a month. I also needed to do full-time rehab for months in order to be able to return to work.
After returning to work, I spent an additional 3+ years with Enterprise and it was an invaluable experience and priceless training. But after coming so close to death, you look at things totally different, and I felt like I had a bigger calling!
So, I decided to get back into driving Limousines because I figured I would be networking with a lot of high-level Professionals that could take my career to the next level. With my previous experience as a Bouncer, I was given a lot of the Celebrities & Athletes, so I could act as extra security. That led to many priceless experiences with Usher, Shania Twain, Van Halen, Fleetwood Mac, Jimmy Buffett, the Super Bowl Ring Ceremony, and the transportation & security of The Stanley Cup. This culminated in a job offer in Management with a Record Label.
Several years later, I became friends with someone who just moved here from Hollywood and we restarted his Film Production Company. I instantly became a Leader in the Tampa Bay & Florida Film Community and I was elected President of the Florida Motion Picture & Television Association – Tampa Bay Chapter and Vice President of the statewide organization. After three years of service in that role, I became the first President of the Sunscreen Film Society, a subsidiary of the Sunscreen Film Festival, one of the best Film Festivals in the Country.
Eventually, that led me to start MA Talent & Event Management because I have a large network of contacts in the Entertainment Industry, as well as successful experience in all aspects of Events. Considering my background and passion has always been Leadership & Management, it seemed like an easy decision to combine my Connections, Drive, & Leadership Skills, to help Artists & Entertainers!


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"You should never have so much to do that you have no time left to think."
Georg C. Lichtenberg
- How do I grow in step with the changing demands on my leadership role?
- What is my notion of leadership and what values is this based on?
- What is the significance and expectations of my different roles?
- How can I set negotiation preferences and resolve conflicts?
- How do I strengthen my decision-making powers in difficult situations?
- How can I shape a working environment that others would like to be part of?
- How can I establish a culture of constructive feedback?
- How can I create structures for learning and development?


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As companies innovate with their infrastructure configurations, the variety of tools to manage these systems grows immensely. During this IMPACT 2020 session, participants will learn more about cloud-native tools from the major cloud players—Azure, AWS, and Google—and compare those to traditional management tools available on the market. There will also be a discussion on each tool from a performance, configuration, and cost perspective.
Presented by
Karen Hughes, Senior-Principal Software Consultant Specialist, BMC
To view the deck you must have a CMG membership. Sign up today!
For existing members sign in here.


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Archetypal ECS Considered Harmful?
The Inherent Mendacity of Benchmarks
If you've heard of ECS, you've probably heard that its primary benefit is in terms of performance. Maybe you've seen benchmarks showing a million entities on screen, processing at a blazing speed.
You should be asking yourself: what conditions make this level of performance possible?
I have long argued that the primary benefit of ECS is in terms of organization. Composition enables you to define sensibly repeatable structures. Once you've built up a toolbox of components and systems, you can find yourself building new kind of game objects just by grabbing components off the shelf without writing any new game logic. Even when you have to build new behavior, it's usually obvious where logic goes. The benefit to your sanity is enormous. If ECS was demonstrably slower than traditional game architecture patterns like the actor model, I would probably still use it only for this reason.
Everyone seems enamored by the idea that ECS will magically make their game more performant, somehow. But performance has conditions and costs. The incredible benchmark results you see are obtained by a pattern called Archetypal ECS, and the benefits of this architecture are far from universal. The needs of most real-world game designs do not conform to these ideal situations that produce ridiculous performance. The developers of these libraries are not making actual games with these tools. In fact, nobody is.
Prioritizing performance metrics above all else has been profoundly detrimental to the adoption of ECS – high-performance designs are often cumbersome ones. What is needed are primarily ergonomic ECS systems which use simple structures that make the programmer's life easier. And as I am going to demonstrate, the performance tradeoffs in many real-world use cases are actually better with simple designs.
First, some theory…
The simple ECS approach: sparse storage
The sparse storage pattern of ECS is as follows:
- Entities are IDs.
- Components are stored per-type in contiguous arrays.
- The component storage maintains a lookup per component type from entity ID to storage index.
Checking if an entity has a component type is as simple as checking if the component type storage contains the entity ID. Retrieving a component involves looking up the storage index using the entity ID. Adding a component is as simple as adding a component to the end of the array and adding a new entry in the ID-to-index lookup. Removing one is as simple as removing the entry at the storage index.
So what's the problem? Let's say you want to iterate over all the entities that have a Position and Velocity component, and add Velocity to Position. When retrieving those two components, you have to arbitrarily access locations in two separate arrays. That's going to cause cache misses, so this is obviously not optimal data access. Which brings us to…
The theoretical performance benefits of archetypal ECS
Archetypal ECS, also known as the dense storage strategy, operates on, you guessed it, archetypes. An archetype is defined as a grouping of entities that contain the same set of components. For example, every entity that has Position and Velocity components is in an archetype together. Every entity that has Position and Velocity and Acceleration components is in another archetype together. And so on and so forth.
The key optimization of archetypes is that they store information close together in memory. For a set of entities that all have the same component structure, all of their Position structs are in one array together, all of their Velocity structs are in one array together, and so on and so forth.
Consider our above case with Position and Velocity components. This is an ideal situation for cache locality to kick in - you are just adding a value in array 1 to a value in array 0, and the index of both of them increments by 1. The processor pipeline can do perfect predictions, everything is sunshine and roses in hardware land.
My project: Samurai Gunn 2
I am the lead programmer on Samurai Gunn 2, and we are using ECS to build the game. One major justification for switching to ECS was the need to support rollback netcode.
Rollback netcode has a few requirements to work well:
- Updates have to be deterministic: the same state and the same inputs should always produce the same next state.
- Updates have to be fast.
- Taking a state snapshot has to be fast.
- Reverting state via a snapshot has to be fast.
ECS is a great architecture for this. We don't have to worry about individually writing procedures to save the state of gameplay-critical objects - we can just directly copy data around because that's what constitutes the game state.
We are using a library I built called MoonTools.ECS. It uses sparse storage, and the main entity access pattern is through a concept called Filters. Filters define components that are included or excluded. Any time an entity's component structure is altered, the relevant Filters are checked, and if the entity satisfies that Filter's conditions, it is added to the Filter.
When implementing rollback snapshots, the initial idea I hit upon was that entities that were gameplay critical could just have a Rollback component added to them. Then the snapshot would only save the state of those entities.
In practice, since other Filters would have rollback entities interleaved with non-rollback entities, I was having issues where entities would iterate in different orders after a rollback, which would lead to desynchronization. It was also slow - when copying the storages, I had to filter components in their storages one by one.
I started thinking that archetype storage could help me speed this up and ensure correctness - anything with a rollback component would necessarily be in a separate archetype from anything without a rollback component, so their order would be preserved and the copies would be much faster. I had heard that archetypes had other benefits, like good iteration performance. It was a reasonable enough idea. So I started researching how other ECS libraries were built.
A survey of the ECS landscape
There are quite a few ECS libraries out there these days. Let's examine a few of them.
When you ask for ECS library recommendations, you're pretty much always going to hear about Flecs.
Flecs introduced an extremely powerful innovation to ECS - the concept of an entity relationship. You can relate one entity to another via a relationship containing metadata. For example, a player entity can be related to a character entity via a Controls relationship. One entity could follow another entity via a Follow relationship. This allows you to conveniently express patterns that would not be possible only via components. When I read about this idea I immediately borrowed it for my own ECS library and it was like a missing link that let me get rid of all kinds of awkwardly structured patterns that I had used before.
Beyond that, the main innovation of Flecs is that it's structured like a database, to allow you to perform complex data queries on the structure of the world. It has all kinds of neat design tricks, like the fact that every component type is actually also an entity itself. This stuff is like catnip for a certain type of programmer. Leibniz himself would weep at its purity.
Flecs deeply integrates relations into its archetype structure, because specific entities are also type IDs. This is where things start to get a little crazy.
I'll let Mertens speak for himself about this implementation:
A problem our current implementation has is that archetypes aren't cleaned up when an entity used in a pair is deleted. For example, if we have an archetype with (ChildOf, my_parent), and we delete entity my_parent, the archetype won't get cleaned up. This is problematic not just because it leaks memory, but also because entity ids are recycled, and my_parent could be reused for an entirely different purpose.
To solve this, we need some way to cleanup archetypes when entities used by archetypes are deleted. This doesn't necessarily just apply to entities used in pairs, and can also apply to regular component entities.
This is where things get a bit more complicated. To cleanup archetypes, all references to the archetype must also be deleted. This means that it must be deleted from the hashmap that finds archetypes by component id vector, and, if the ECS implements it, all incoming and outgoing edges from the archetype must also be cleaned up. The archetype must also be unregistered from the component index. When a deleted archetype contains an entity that's used by another set of archetypes, those archetypes also have to be cleaned up.
Additionally, query caches must be notified to delete all instances of the deleted archetype (instances- because wildcard queries can cause an archetype to get inserted multiple times). If up to this point a query cache was a simple vector of archetypes, a new data structure will have to be introduced for more efficient removal. Otherwise you'd get an O(AQN) operation, where A=the number of deleted archetypes, Q=the number of queries, and N=the number of archetypes per query cache.
Something that complicates cleanup is that cleaning up archetypes can create new archetypes. For example: when entityApples is deleted, all entities in archetype Position, (Eats, Apples) need to be moved to archetype Position. It is not guaranteed that this archetype already exists, which means that archetype cleanup can cause archetype creation. Furthermore, this newly created archetype can in theory also contain an id that is about to be deleted. This is one of the bigger tasks, but essential for relationships as it guarantees our storage doesn't have dangling references, and makes sure our relationship pairs don't suddenly point to garbage entities.
Estimate: 8 weeks
If you're like me, you're probably scratching your head wondering how on earth this is ever supposed to be efficient. To summarize, any time an entity is deleted, you might have to:
- Delete any archetypes pertaining to that entity relation
- Clean up the archetype graph
- Clean up all related archetypes
- Clean up all query caches that reference the deleted archetype
- Potentially create a new archetype… which might contain data that is also going to be deleted
Any time I see a design like this klaxons start blaring in my head. I value simplicity enormously. It's not clear to me in the first place that providing such high level query abstractions is beneficial to your ability to implement a game. The maintenance burden of this design is clearly enormous and probably impractical. But at this point I figured that I could still implement archetype storage over components without resorting to implementing entity relations in such an abstract way.
While I'm at it, let's look at some of the other ECS offerings out there.
Here is an example of a "simple" setup for Svelto.ECS:
public class SimpleContext
//the group where the entity will be built in
public static ExclusiveGroup group0 = new ExclusiveGroup();
public SimpleContext()
var simpleSubmissionEntityViewScheduler = new SimpleEntitiesSubmissionScheduler();
//Build Svelto Entities and Engines container, called EnginesRoot
_enginesRoot = new EnginesRoot(simpleSubmissionEntityViewScheduler);
var entityFactory = _enginesRoot.GenerateEntityFactory();
//Add an Engine to the enginesRoot to manage the SimpleEntities
var behaviourForEntityClassEngine = new BehaviourForEntityClassEngine();
//build a new Entity with ID 0 in group0
entityFactory.BuildEntity<SimpleEntityDescriptor>(new EGID(0, ExclusiveGroups.group0));
//submit the previously built entities to the Svelto database
//as Svelto doesn't provide an engine ticking system, it's the user's responsibility to
//update engines
readonly EnginesRoot _enginesRoot;
Would you seriously want to make an entire project that looks like this? If you do, I recommend you go to the doctor and get some treatment for your case of Enterprise Software Brain. I actually cannot believe that someone unironically designed this in their free time. This shit makes Bjarne Stroustrup look like Antoine de Saint-Exupéry.
Unity DOTS
Much ado has been made about Unity's Data Oriented Tech Stack for the past few years. One of the main selling points is their Job System, which allows for multithreaded updates. Let's take a look at some code.
namespace ExampleCode.IJobEntitys
public partial struct MyIJobEntity : IJobEntity
public EntityCommandBuffer.ParallelWriter Ecb;
public void Execute([ChunkIndexInQuery] int chunkIndex, Entity entity, ref Foo foo, in Bar bar)
if (bar.Value < 0)
Ecb.RemoveComponent<Bar>(chunkIndex, entity);
foo = new Foo { };
public partial struct MySystem : ISystem
public void OnUpdate(ref SystemState state)
var ecbSingleton = SystemAPI.GetSingleton<BeginSimulationEntityCommandBufferSystem.Singleton>();
var ecb = ecbSingleton.CreateCommandBuffer(state.WorldUnmanaged);
var job = new MyIJobEntity
Ecb = ecb.AsParallelWriter()
state.Dependency = job.Schedule(state.Dependency);
My eyes are glazing over already. Maybe just regular old system updates will be better.
namespace ExampleCode.Queries
public partial struct MySystem : ISystem
public void OnUpdate(ref SystemState state)
EntityQuery myQuery = SystemAPI.QueryBuilder().WithAll<Foo, Bar, Apple>().WithNone<Banana>().Build();
ComponentTypeHandle<Foo> fooHandle = SystemAPI.GetComponentTypeHandle<Foo>();
ComponentTypeHandle<Bar> barHandle = SystemAPI.GetComponentTypeHandle<Bar>();
EntityTypeHandle entityHandle = SystemAPI.GetEntityTypeHandle();
NativeArray<ArchetypeChunk> chunks = myQuery.ToArchetypeChunkArray(Allocator.Temp);
for (int i = 0, chunkCount = chunks.Length; i < chunkCount; i++)
ArchetypeChunk chunk = chunks[i];
NativeArray<Foo> foos = chunk.GetNativeArray(ref fooHandle);
NativeArray<Bar> bars = chunk.GetNativeArray(ref barHandle);
NativeArray<Entity> entities = chunk.GetNativeArray(entityHandle);
for (int j = 0, entityCount = chunk.Count; j < entityCount; j++)
Entity entity = entities[j];
Foo foo = foos[j];
Bar bar = bars[j];
foos[j] = new Foo { };
You know, maybe that Job structure wasn't so bad after all. Having to get chunk handles and array handles and write manual loops for them in every single system you ever write is definitely going to get irritating fast. Maybe it won't feel that bad when compared to Unity randomly corrupting your asset database in the middle of your workday, or the company announcing that they're going to charge you per-install fees.
DefaultECS is another C# ECS library. It has some pretty robust features, like an analyzer to provide codegen and usage warnings.
public sealed class VelocitySystem : AEntitySetSystem<float>
public VelocitySystem(World world, IParallelRunner runner)
: base(world.GetEntities().With<Velocity>().With<Position>().AsSet(), runner)
protected override void Update(float elapsedTime, in Entity entity)
ref Velocity velocity = ref entity.Get<Velocity>();
ref Position position = ref entity.Get<Position>();
Vector2 offset = velocity.Value * elapsedTime;
position.Value.X += offset.X;
position.Value.Y += offset.Y;
This really doesn't look half bad. I could probably use this and feel fine about it. (It is interesting to note that the library is clearly using a sparse storage pattern.)
There are a lot more of these kind of libraries out there but I'm not really interested in enumerating all of them. My point was that it's pretty obvious which one of these I would care to use on a day-to-day basis. Let's move on.
Optimization is about identifying bottlenecks
Premature optimization is the root of all evil (or at least most of it) in programming.
-Donald Knuth
This is arguably the most misunderstood quote in the history of computing. Intellectually lazy programmers take this as an invitation to ignore optimization completely. Nobody with any self-respect believes this. Clear optimizations present themselves all the time when you are selecting data structures: if your program needs to check membership in a set frequently, then a hashset is obviously the correct choice over a linked list. This isn't premature optimization – it's just optimization. But the sentence immediately preceding this quote is this:
The real problem is that programmers have spent far too much time worrying about efficiency in the wrong places and at the wrong times.
In other words, Knuth is inviting us to ask - What does our program actually do? What are the real hot paths?
Are games as simple as a million entities with position and velocity? Are games just about adding numbers to each other in tight loops? Are we data scientists now? Are Excel spreadsheets the next hot gaming platform?
The realities of archetypal ECS
When an entity is created, it exists in the "empty" archetype. As components are added or removed, the entity's component data is copied between archetypes. For example, when you add a Position component to an empty entity, it is moved into the archetype containing only Position components. When you add a Velocity component to that entity, it is moved into the archetype containing only Velocity components, and its Position component is copied into that archetype storage. This network of component types forms the archetype graph.
If you're clever, you are probably already noticing a potential problem with this structure. What happens when you remove a component from an entity that has, say, 40 components on it? (This is by no means an unreasonable amount for a complex enough game.) That's right – you have to copy the remaining 39 components into another archetype structure. If you immediately add another component after that? That's right – you have to copy those 39 components again. If you're doing this frequently enough, you are churning data between different locations in memory constantly.
When you treat entities very dynamically, you cause an explosion of archetypes. In other words, the more fragmented your entity structures become, the less benefit you gain from the data locality of archetypes.
With this in mind, let's go over some of the conditions that have to be satisfied for Archetypal ECS to give you those amazing benchmarks:
- You have lots of entities with extremely, if not exactly, similar structure.
- The structure of most entities changes not at all or only infrequently.
- Entities can be updated without need to reference separate data structures.
When you see a benchmark that says an ECS library is able to update 100k entities in 9 milliseconds, this does not imply that it can update 1 entity in 9 microseconds in all cases. This is an optimization that is produced under very specific conditions.
Take the incredibly obvious example of collision detection, something almost every game is going to need. The naive approach is to just compare the position of every object to the position of every other object in the world. Even the fastest data access in the world isn't going to help you make an n-squared algorithm have acceptable performance.
So you're going to need a data structure like a spatial hash or an octree or whatever. All the benefits of your perfect data locality are now completely destroyed, because you need to maintain an external data structure to make efficient comparisons.
One of the best features of ECS architecture for the kinds of games I work on is that the structure of an entity is modular - you can modify the behavior of an entity on the fly by simply adding and removing components. An architecture that discourages you from treating entities this way is a huge red flag.
A real-world case study
In Samurai Gunn 2, the primary gameplay entities are characters - there are at most 4 of them active at one time. Their structures vary between characters, because their specialized capabilities are defined as components, so they will almost always be placed into separate archetypes. There are bullets, which at the absolute most there might be 20 of them on screen, in an extremely rare case, but they often have special properties that cause them to behave differently. There are sword slashes, again, a maximum of 4 on screen at once. You might see where I'm going with this.
You might say, well, what if you just design these entities so that they have the same component structure, but the state of the components internally vary? I would say: Why the hell would I want to do that? Why should I settle for reducing the expressiveness of my design? Isn't the whole point of building games this way to elegantly compose behaviors? Why would I go out of my way to structure my entire architecture for optimal performance in an extreme case that will never be relevant to my game, when I can achieve more than acceptable performance in my actual use cases with a sparse storage pattern?
Bamboo is implemented as 16x16 tiles. Solid objects collide with bamboo, and they can be destroyed by sword slashes or bullets. There might be around a hundred of these on screen in certain levels, so that's approaching a scenario where cache locality might matter. However, bamboo doesn't really need to update its state every frame, unless something collides with it, which as I've mentioned above, is the result of a check into a collision acceleration structure and cannot be optimized directly in the ECS data structures.
Maybe you're thinking: OK, archetypal ECS doesn't do anything for Samurai Gunn, but there might be some game designs that could really benefit from this kind of data layout. Sure, of course. My argument was never that archetypal ECS is universally bad. All software architectures are about tradeoffs, and identifying which things you can trade off in the specific performance characteristics of your game. Cities Skylines 2 uses Unity DOTS and it apparently fixed the CPU bottleneck issues they were having in the first game. (Unfortunately the renderer seems incomplete and is causing serious GPU bottlenecks now.) A giant agent simulation is basically the exact use case that justifies archetype ECS. My argument is that a majority of games will never benefit from this kind of structure, and it can in fact be detrimental.
In case you think my objections to archetypal ECS are totally theoretical, after spending weeks reworking my entire ECS storage structure, snapshots were pretty fast - about 0.5ms, which is great. However, I was getting an absolutely blazing 5 frames per second running Samurai Gunn 2. The previous system hovered between 300-500FPS in debug builds. There were definitely optimizations I still could have done at that point - traversing the archetype graph on queries was slow, and I could have cached things, and so on and so forth - but I didn't care anymore. The implementation complexities were just not worth it when the old system had great performance with a much simpler design. I'm making dumb twitchy action games, so I'd rather just use a dumb twitchy architecture.
The main insight I was able to get from rebuilding the storage was that separating gameplay-critical state into its own World would avoid all of the inconsistency and speed issues we were having. This is entirely possible to do with my original sparse storage and Filter design. I wish it hadn't taken 3 weeks of rebuilding storage structures to realize that. My critical mistake was forgetting that "good performance" does not exist in a vacuum.
Don't take my word for it
After I finally concluded that redesigning my ECS library's storage to be archetypal was a complete waste of time, I started to wonder what other studios were using in practice and if they arrived at similar conclusions to me. As far as I'm aware, the only major commercial project I can think of in recent years that definitely used ECS was Overwatch. I skimmed the Blizzard GDC talk about ECS one more time and saw this snippet of code in a slide:
void PlayerConnectionSystem::Update(f32 timeStep)
for (ConnectionComponent* c: ComponentItr<ConnectionComponent>(m_admin))
InputStreamComponent* is = c->Sibling<InputStreamComponent>();
StatsComponent* stats = c->Sibling<StatsComponent>();
This is obviously a sparse storage pattern – this system is iterating over each ConnectionComponent, and is able to obtain sibling components of specific types from that reference. So if I haven't managed to convince you that sparse storage is perfectly acceptable for shipping a game, well, they shipped Overwatch using it.
Final thoughts
After rebuilding MoonTools.ECS to use archetypal storage and finding that the performance was totally abysmal, I found myself asking a very important question. Why was I listening to a bunch of people who have never made a game with their own tools? What was I thinking?
We live in an extremely strange time for programming. Libraries and tools proliferate, designed abstractly in vacuums, never having been used to actually make anything. But what insight could you possibly have about designing a tool when you've never actually needed it for a definite purpose?


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Patients are not only confused about opioid use, but they also fear developing an addiction and crave more information from physicians.
Patients are not only confused about opioid use, but they also fear developing an addiction and crave more information from physicians.
After 3 trained professionals conducted open-ended interviewers with 23 patients, researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania were able to identify common themes related toopioids dosage and dependency.
"It was interesting to find that patients believe that taking an opioid as prescribed prevents the possibility of addiction, but also that patients are learning about opioids from television and from friends and acquaintances — not healthcare providers," senior author Zachary F. Meisel, MD, MPH, MS, said in a news release.
Each patient had been seen at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania during a 4-month span in 2014. They were later discharged after being treated for pain-related issues such as broken bones, kidney stones, and musculoskeletal back injury.
Through the conversations, the researchers were able to establish several themes. Consisting of mostly women between the ages of 18 and 65, the patients:
"There's clearly a significant need for emergency departments to improve education around the risks of opioid misuse," Meisel said.
Published on Annals of Emergency Medicine, patients expressed the desire for more communication with their prescription providers regarding the cause of the pain and treatment options so that there are no questions unanswered.
"Patients realize that emergency departments are busy places, but that doesn't reduce their desire to have meaningful interactions with their care providers," Meisel said. "Patients want to be given information in a straight-forward way and then listened to, so that they leave feeling like they know what was causing their pain, what their pain management options were, and that their treatment preferences were heard."
Now that the team has patient perspectives on opioid concerns, short video narratives will be created in order to relay pain management information and dependency risks to future patients.


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While Pep Guardiola is making it rain, the rest of the Premier League is yet to make a big move. Brighton and Hove Albion, Newcastle United, and Huddersfield will join the part next season, but Liverpool have not yet made any moves to ensure that a top four place is retained with a potential challenge for honours to be thrown into the mix.
Ryan Sessegnon was believed to be part of the plan, but Tottenham Hotspur "have emerged as favourites" for the young left back according to Paul Joyce of the Times. Apart from mentioning that Spurs have Danny Rose and Ben Davies as left back options, nothing else was mentioned in the brief report.
Mauricio Pochettino's track record of giving young English players a real chance of playing and developing at a top Premier League club could be as important a factor as remaining in London. Sessegnon could be loaned back to Fulham for a season, brought in to join Spurs' first-team squad, or play in a different position entirely.
It's still early in the transfer window, but Sessgnon could join Christian Pulisic and Julian Brandt (to be confirmed) as young players that have proved to be elusive in recent transfer windows.


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Recent growth in production could at least partly be due to how low mining production fell during DRC Congo's very violent civil wars in the early 2000s, or to the changes the country made to its Mining Code in 2002 to encourage foreign and multinational investment and which did bring in a number of investors, including Glencore. [4] Like nickel, cobalt is found in the Earth's crust only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron.The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal.. Cobalt-based blue pigments (cobalt … We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. A cobalt allergy spot test kit containing disodium-1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonate (nitroso R salt) is available from contact allergen supply companies and can be used to detect cobalt in metal items such as jewellery. [63], In 2005, the top producer of cobalt was the copper deposits in the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Katanga Province. [79] In July 2009, CAMEC announced a long-term agreement to deliver its entire annual production of cobalt concentrate from Mukondo Mountain to Zhejiang Galico Cobalt & Nickel Materials of China. Brief contact with metal devices is usually not a problem except in highly sensitive individuals. They may also contain iron, copper, zinc, cobalt, boron, manganese and … Cobalt is widely scattered in the earth's crust and is found in a variety of different ores in several countries. [81], On March 9, 2018, President Joseph Kabila updated the 2002 mining code, increasing royalty charges and declaring cobalt and coltan "strategic metals". This oxide is reduced to metal by the aluminothermic reaction or reduction with carbon in a blast furnace. Size: Up to 8 feet tall in the tropics, usually up to 3 feet indoors. Cobalt chloride, sulfate, acetate or nitrate can correct mineral deficiency in grazing animals living on cobalt-deficient soil. Sponsored content: melanomas are notoriously difficult to discover and diagnose. It is at the core of a vitamin called vitamin-B 12. weld integrity radiographs), density measurements (e.g. Allergy to cobalt. [citation needed] Other important factors were the 2002 Mining Code, which encouraged investment by foreign and transnational corporations such as Glencore, and the end of the First and Second Congo Wars. [citation needed], Cobalt-based superalloys have historically consumed most of the cobalt produced. However, N 2 fixation continues in the presence of high levels of soil N, but at reduced levels (Lamb et al., 1995). The cobalt deficiency was overcome by the development of "cobalt bullets", dense pellets of cobalt oxide mixed with clay given orally for lodging in the animal's rumen. We work with individuals, landscapers, and large-scale developers to beautify their projects. [46][47], Cobalt is also a constituent of tobacco smoke. Nickel and cobalt are always found together in alloys and salts because it is too costly and impracticable to separate these two metals. Vitamin B12 injections administered to allergic individuals may produce a red, tender and itchy area around the site of the injection. [72], Human rights activists have alleged, and investigative journalism reported confirmation,[73][74] that child labor is used in mining cobalt from African artisanal mines. Reynolds Soil Technologies targets tailings Australian fine particle management company Reynolds Soil Technologies has launched a range of hydroseeding, hydromulching and crusting solutions for miners looking for short and long-term solutions that reduce tailings risks. A number of observers have called for tech corporations and other manufacturers to avoid sourcing conflict metals in Central Africa at all rather than risk enabling the financial exploitation, human rights abuses like kidnappings for unfree labor, environmental devastation and the human toll of violence, poverty and toxic conditions. [65] The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) currently produces 63% of the world's cobalt. Revised by Dr. Lois Berg Stack, Extension Professor, and Mark Hutchinson, Extension Professor (2012). The Democratic Republic of Congo is the source of over two-thirds of global cobalt production, but China has over 80 percent control of the cobalt refining industry, where raw material is turned into commercial-grade cobalt metal. [11], The United States Geological Survey estimates world reserves of cobalt at 7,100,000 metric tons. 2010 Aug;63(2):63-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01749.x. [76][77], The political and ethnic dynamics of the region have in the past caused outbreaks of violence and years of armed conflict and displaced populations. MeB12 promotes methyl (âCH3) group transfers. Cobalt acetate is used to convert xylene to terephthalic acid, the precursor of the bulk polymer polyethylene terephthalate. The lack of safety precautions frequently causes injuries or death. Thyssen JP, Menné T, Johansen JD, Lidén C, Julander A, Møller P, Jellesen MS. A spot test for detection of cobalt release - early experience and findings. The Ecological Soil Screening Level (Eco-SSL) derivation process represents the collaborative effort of a multi-stakeholder workgroup consisting of federal, state, consulting, industry and academic participants led by the U.S. EPA, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. The material is composed of cobalt oxide layers with the lithium intercalated. These include: Avoid all of these. [106][107] As a reaction to the issues with artisanal cobalt mining in DR Congo a number of cobalt suppliers and their customers have formed the Fair Cobalt Alliance (FCA) which aims to end the use of child labor and to improve the working conditions of cobalt mining and processing in the DR Congo. Organic Soil Amendments MEASURING SOIL pH Soil pH can be measured in the field using a test kit or by sending a sample to a laboratory for more accurate results. If you must use products that contain cobalt, wear gloves or other protective clothing to avoid contact with your skin. Leaching with water extracts the sulfate together with the arsenates. Topics AâZ the Cativa process. [91] Some high-speed steels also contain cobalt for increased heat and wear resistance. [87] The mayor of Cobalt stated that the people of Cobalt welcomed new mining endeavours and pointed out that the local work force is peaceful and English-speaking, and good infrastructure would allow much easier sourcing of spare parts for the equipment or other supplies than were to be found in conflict zones. These proteins include methionine aminopeptidase 2, an enzyme that occurs in humans and other mammals that does not use the corrin ring of B12, but binds cobalt directly. Loss of potency requires periodic replacement of the source in radiotherapy and is one reason why cobalt machines have been largely replaced by linear accelerators in modern radiation therapy. It produced an estimated one-third of the total global cobalt production in 2008. Read product labels and do not use any that contain cobalt or any of its alternative names. Soil and Plant Nutrition: A Gardener's Perspective. PubMed. Corporate pieties about an ethical supply chain were thus met with some incredulity. [Sponsored content]. Numerical soil concentrations were updated in March of 2005 for antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, dieldrin, and lead. [59] Safe concentrations fall around 18â¯Î¼g/l in marine waters for plankton such as diatoms. [70][75] This revelation prompted cell phone maker Apple Inc., on March 3, 2017, to stop buying ore from suppliers such as Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt who source from artisanal mines in the DRC, and begin using only suppliers that are verified to meet its workplace standards. This instability affected the price of cobalt and also created perverse incentives for the combatants in the First and Second Congo Wars to prolong the fighting, since access to diamond mines and other valuable resources helped to finance their military goalsâwhich frequently amounted to genocideâand also enriched the fighters themselves. This industry has increased five-fold in its demand for cobalt, which makes it urgent to find new raw materials in more stable areas of the world. Cross-reaction between cobalt and nickel is not very frequent, as patch tests have shown several patients with strong reactions to cobalt but not to nickel. The Cobalt Ore is a block added by the Tinkers' Construct mod. Anthropogenic input contributes as a non-natural source but in very low amounts. Outside of the workplace, the best way to avoid cobalt allergy is by being aware of the possible sources of cobalt. Mokabe-Kasiri has access to road, … Cobalt is only extracted alone from the Moroccan and some Canadian arsenide ores. Most coastal toxicity levels are influenced by anthropogenic input like sewage runoff and burning of fossil fuels. [71] Mining pollutes the vicinity and exposes local wildlife and indigenous communities to toxic metals thought to cause birth defects and breathing difficulties, according to health officials. Avoid metallic costume jewellery. In order to simplify advice tables, it is normal to classify soil available levels of nutrients and trace elements into classes. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.05 mg/m3, time-weighted average. It is generated in the Nether, most abundantly between level 32 and 95.It is used in the production of Cobalt, and Manyullyn.To Harvest Cobalt Ore a Player can use a pickaxe with mining level 4, such as an Alumite ; wear Force Armor or set-up a Mining Laser.. Usage [] Cobalt … Grazing animals do not to do well in areas where there is little cobalt in the soil. Vom Bürger Thenard", "Ciudad Juarez orphaned source dispersal, 1983", "Field portable XRF analysis of environmental samples", Australian Academy of Science > Deceased Fellows > Hedley Ralph Marston 1900â1965, "Cobalt : its use to control wasting disease", "Nickel, chromium and cobalt in consumer products: revisiting safe levels in the new millennium", "Role of cobalt, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, platinum, selenium, and titanium in carcinogenesis", Centers for Disease and Prevention â Cobalt, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cobalt&oldid=1000127921, Biology and pharmacology of chemical elements, Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2018, ÐелаÑÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ (ÑаÑаÑкевÑÑа)â, Srpskohrvatski / ÑÑпÑÐºÐ¾Ñ ÑваÑÑки, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, It is also used as a base primer coat for, This page was last edited on 13 January 2021, at 18:37. There are three basic mechanisms whereby nutrient ions dissolved in the soil … Reactions to contact with cobalt in an allergic individual include allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis. Cobalt is also known by several other names. Another group is the essential nonmineral elements, elements taken up as gas or water, which are: … Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2001, Cobalt blue in blue and green watercolour paints and crayons, Vitamin B12 preparations for the treatment of, Cobalt used as binding agent in hard metals to create drills, cutting tools, mechanical parts, Cobalt naphthenate is a common catalyst in the manufacture of polyester resins, As an oxidizing agent in automobile exhaust, Cement industry; cement contains cobalt oxides, Cobalt siccatives or driers are found in certain paints and varnishes, Wet clay containing cobalt used by pottery workers, Positive patch test to 2% cobalt chloride in aqueous, Intracutaneous test with 1:1000 cobalt chloride gives a delayed tuberculin reaction in a non-, Use metal instruments such as scissors, kitchen utensils and combs that have plastic or wooden handle grips, Items such as keys can be coated with several layer of clear, In the workplace, wear protective clothing and employ no-touch techniques, 5% cobalt naphthenate in aqueous solution. It is also important to note that N 2-fixing alfalfa is much more capable of removing excess nitrogen from soil compared to non-N 2-fixing alfalfa varieties (Russelle et al., 2007). With your help, we can update and expand the website. [112][113] In September 2020, Tesla outlined their plans to make their own, cobalt-free battery cells. [135], Proteins based on cobalamin use corrin to hold the cobalt. Nitrogen Return to the Soil and Other … Alert your doctor or dentist to the fact that you have an allergy to cobalt. Nutrients in the soil are taken up by the plant through its roots, and in particular its root hairs.To be taken up by a plant, a nutrient element must be located near the root surface; however, the supply of nutrients in contact with the root is rapidly depleted within a distance of ca. Soil pH in the field can be measured using a simple test kit based on a colour-card method available from agricultural supply stores called the Raupach soil pH … These include cobalt, total manganese, sulphur and iodine. Silicon, sodium, cobalt, and selenium. The adenosyl version of B12 catalyzes rearrangements in which a hydrogen atom is directly transferred between two adjacent atoms with concomitant exchange of the second substituent, X, which may be a carbon atom with substituents, an oxygen atom of an alcohol, or an amine. Nickel and chromium are also potent sensitisers therefore; allergic reactions may not be due solely to cobalt but also to simultaneous specific allergy to nickel and chromium. 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Elle Marketing and Events Case Study
SLC Busker Fest 2023 Black & White Street-Style Photography
We handle social media, digital ads, and photography for SLC Bucker Fest. We've partnered with them since their launch, capturing street style moments.
About SLC Busker Fest
Salt Lake City Busker Fest is an annual street performer's festival in Downtown Salt Lake City each summer. A free event brings local talent together with traveling performers in a vaudeville-esque-themed event. From magicians, circus acts, aerialists, and contortionists, to musicians and puppeteers, the performers come together to create a magical urban street show.
The Challenge
Elle Marketing began as SLC Busker Fest's social media partner from the start. We built their profiles, managed ads, and created engaging content. Our street team now handles social media posting and storytelling during the event.
In 2023, we decided to pair traditional event photography with a focus on black and white street-style photography to capture the essence of the festival and its performers, painting a vivid picture for all. The Elle Marketing and Events team was on the street in 2023 to snap amazing photos of the event, the vibrant urban landscape, and the lively crowds.
Our Photography Strategy
- We wanted to capture urban Salt Lake City as one of the characters in busker fest – we showcased buildings, murals, trains, and buildings as part of the backdrop of the festival
- Our goal is to highlight the traveling "headliners" while still capturing the local talent and shows
- Audience engagement and reactions are part of the festival, and we try to show the candid and magical moments the audience experiences.
It's really important to pay attention to your marketing when you are producing a big event. There is a right way to do it, but also there's ways to do it well without the traditional marketing budget. That's where Elle Marketing and Events been so helpful with over the years for SLC Busker Fest. From the social media, to photography, to videography, and having a team at the event, they have helped with it all.
One of their specialties is managing live footage from the event on social media. It's really important. And it's very rarely done as well as Elle Marketing does it at events. Most events don't have a dedicated person to it that's paying attention to that. And as an event planner, if you think you're going to have time for that, or you think your intern is going to be able to do it, you're wrong. It won't happen Events are hard. There's so many other things that you have to focus on that you're not going to get the quality product you're looking for if you think you can self manage it. That is where Elle Marketing really comes in and supports.
Kim Angeli
Owner of Primrose Productions & SLC Busker Fest Event Planner
Elle Marketing Project Team
Brand Manager
Photographer and Videographer
Copywriter & Copy Editor
Social Media Copywriter
Client Account Manager
Social Media Coordinator
Project Categories
A Conversation with Lydia Martinez from Elle Marketing & Kim Angeli from SLC Busker Fest
SLC Busker Fest 2023
Black & White Street-Style Photo Gallery
Busker Fest 2023 | (Left) Elias Caress, street magician extraordinaire | (Right) Vaudeville show
SLC Busker Fest 2023 | Music and Dancing
SLC Busker Fest 2023 | (Left) Rain didn't stop this violin player! | (Right) Singing in the city
SLC Busker Fest 2023 | Magic! Hoops! Tongues + Tops!
SLC Busker Fest 2023 | If you're in the crowd, you might become part of the show!
SLC Busker Fest 2023 | Flash mobs, circus performers, and vaudeville dancers!
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