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Job ID:
Associate Director of Planned Giving, University Advancement
University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
Date Posted
Nov. 20, 2023
Job Title
Associate Director of Planned Giving, University Advancement
University Advancement
University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
Buffalo, NY
Application Deadline
Open until filled
Position Start Date
Available immediately
Website For Job
Job Categories
Associate/Assistant Director
Academic Fields
Financial Planning/Budget Management
Development/Institutional Advancement
Are you passionate about fundraising? If you possess self-motivation, creativity, a keen eagerness to learn, the ability to quickly grasp new concepts, and are a collaborative team player, this recently established position presents a unique opportunity for you to acquire, grow, and specialize in planned giving over time. This growth will be facilitated through hands-on experiences and formal training opportunities.
Under the general leadership of the University at Buffalo's Vice President for
University Advancement
, the Associate Director of Planned Giving is responsible for helping to advance a comprehensive program that successfully meets the University's goals for short and long-term private support. Duties and assignments include, but are not limited:
Identifying and managing a pool of 50 to 75 major and planned giving prospects capable of making gifts of $50,000 or more. The objective is to successfully secure outright, bequest, and life-income gifts primarily from individuals living within New York State and neighboring states through visits and active engagement.
Managing the probate process to ensure effective communications with applicable parties, resolution of concerns, and the timely processing of estate gifts in accordance with donor intent and university policy.
Collaborating to devise an annual planned giving marketing plan and working in conjunction with Advancement Communications, internal partners, and external vendors to execute the plan effectively.
We are seeking candidates who desire a challenging, results-oriented role within a complex, diverse, and multidisciplinary organization. We encourage applicants with a proven track record of goal achievement, intellectual curiosity, and a passion for understanding and advancing charitable gifting aspirations.
Division of University Advancement
Building stronger connections with UB's nearly 300,000 alumni and donors worldwide is critical to the university's goal: to situate UB among the nation's top 25 public research universities. UB alumni and friends are grateful and generous, supporting the largest, most ambitious fundraising campaign the university has ever launched. Through Boldly Buffalo: The Campaign for UB, we seek to raise $1 billion. We invite you to join our University Advancement team and be part of our historic efforts.
Outstanding Benefits Package
Working at UBF comes with benefits that exceed salary alone. There are personal rewards including comprehensive health and retirement plan options. We also focus on creating and sustaining a healthy mix of work, personal and academic pursuit - all in an effort to support your work-life effectiveness. Visit our UBF benefits website to learn about our
benefit packages.
About The University at Buffalo
The University at Buffalo (UB) #ubuffalo is one of America's leading public research universities and a flagship of the State University of New York system, recognized for our excellence and our impact. UB is a premier, research-intensive public university dedicated to academic excellence. Our research, creative activity and people positively impact the world. Like the city we call home, UB is distinguished by a culture of resilient optimism, resourceful thinking and pragmatic dreaming that enables us to reach others every day. Visit our website to learn more about the
University at Buffalo
University at Buffalo is an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer and, in keeping with our commitment, welcomes all to apply including veterans and individuals with disabilities.
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In this project, I teamed up with Rhebsa and Nimi. In order to best perform our skills and provide a service for our classmates, we came up with the website JRN which means our names and initials.
What is JRN?
JRN is a website that makes custom illustrations by 100% humans instead of AI. On this website, the user can upload a portrait picture, and get an animated process of hand-drawn illustration. While waiting for the artist to finish the illustration, the user can play with an interaction loading board, which is a real-time mouse interactive pixeled form of the picture he uploaded. When the wait time is over, the user can watch the animated illustration process and download the final avatar.
Why We Made This and Our Intention:
The three of us have very distinctive skills and strengths. Rhebsa is an amazing illustrator, and Nimi makes the most beautiful website. I am good with making interactions using Processing. Our intention is to build something that is fun for all of our classmates. We believe that colors and art uplift our daily life. We hope to share this joy by creating a platform that makes original illustrations and small interactive art.
The Visual and Interactive Forms:
The work has three essential components: the website, the interactive art, and the animated illustration. On the landing page of the website, there is a title and illustrations by Rhebsa emphasizing what is this for.
When scrolling down, we put a short about us to let people know that we are 100% human to make this illustration.
After the user uploads the portrait, there is an interactive art generated using the original portrait. The user can use mouse horizontal movement to view the circles and the circle-formed portrait.
When the wait time is over, the animated illustration will show up and the user can finally download the final illustration.
My Part about Making the Interactive Art in Processing:
When designing about this waiting state of illustration, I considered "what is the possible form between a real-life picture and a 2D graphic". This is how I came up with the idea of this interaction picture pixelated art. The specific Processing language I used is Pjs.
Every picture has a contrast between brightness and darkness. In the code, I used a darker background for the dark area of the picture. The brightness of the picture is represented by the circles.
Overall, we did a pretty good job achieving this service and we can see the potential of this service to grow to a bigger user group. However, there are still some areas we can improve, including the timelapse of the artist making the illustration. After receiving feedback from the class, we think that it would be better to make the wait time more "human", for example, we can cue that "the artist is working on it" to let users know why this illustration is not done yet.
Try the prototype in Figma here: https://www.figma.com/proto/mSW9IvbbjGFHzOEvfKxDjW/Project-2?page-id=0%3A1&node-id=1%3A1292&viewport=766%2C653%2C0.19&scaling=min-zoom&starting-point-node-id=1%3A1292
My original code in Processing: https://openprocessing.org/sketch/1674889

subset: commoncrawl


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Cynical Boris '˜whoppers' distorting referendum '" Clegg
Writing in The Yorkshire Post, the former Deputy Prime Minister says Brexiteers like the ex-Mayor of London need "to stop trying to fib their way to victory" on June 23.
The Sheffield Hallam MP, who stood down as Lib Dem leader after last year's election, rebuts the assertion that the cost of EU membership now stands at £55m a day.
Hide AdAdvertisement
Hide Ad"It is an effective line, but also a classic Boris whopper," he writes. "It takes no account of the money we receive back from the European Union, for example from the rebate that their heroine Margaret Thatcher negotiated many years ago.
"In 2015, the net cost was in fact £17m a day, or around 30p per person. That's still a lot of money, but in return we get full access to the world's most lucrative single market which the CBI reckons is worth £3,000 to every British household. So we all get back much more than what we pay in."
In a hard-hitting article, Mr Clegg says the "most pernicious" Brexit claim is the assertion that Britain can "reclaim out borders" by voting to leave the EU.
"What cynical nonsense. We are not part of the borderless Schengen area and desperate people just want sanctuary: they won't stop trying to come just because we are out of the EU," he concludes.
Hide AdAdvertisement
Hide Ad"What's more, if we want to trade with Europe in future as we do now, free movement will undoubtedly be part of the deal. That's what Norway and Switzerland, which Brexiteers love to cite as models, have found."
His comments come after Mr Johnson joined cricket legend Sir Ian Botham at a Vote Leave event in Durham. Sir Ian, who lives in North Yorkshire, said Britain would give the EU "a very wide berth" if the country was voting to join the organisation afresh.


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Stocks continue to catch a bid, some in a big way. Bad news is now good news, and good news is great news. That's the recipe for a nice run.
It looks like there may be some left in the tank, but in the near term (one to two weeks) the market is way overextended, and throwing all in at this juncture just chasing stocks that have already had big moves might be a bad activity. You may want to wait for a much deserved pullback over the next week or so to see if this latest bull run still has some legs.
The views expressed represent the opinion of Good Life Asset Strategies, LLC. The views are subject to change and are not intended as a forecast or guarantee of future results. This material is for informational purposes only. It does not constitute investment advice and is not intended as an endorsement of any specific investment. Stated information is derived from proprietary and nonproprietary sources that have not been independently verified for accuracy or completeness.


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SudaCash is the premier foreign exchange company in Sudan and is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Bank of Khartoum (BOK), SudaCash provides individuals and organizations with remittance and exchange services across Sudan and to anywhere in the world.
Address: Al-Qasr Street, Khartoum, Sudan
Website: www.Sudacashex.com
Contact No:. +(249) 183 785173, +(249) 120 606062
Send us a message
Give us a Call
Canada - +16478716121
Dubai(Agent) - +971 43333595
Opening Hours
CANADA-Sunday-Friday(8AM - 8PM)
UAE-Saturday-Thursday(8:30AM - 09:30PM)
©2024 Home Express. All Rights Reserved. Powered by Febno


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Revision 62441832
ID | 624418326197cce24167050d107dea35847c40da |
Add a test demonstrating the --node-tags option of hroller
The example is a cluster of 6 nodes, paired into 3 group by three
instances. So the whole cluster would need two reboot groups. The two
tags select, in two different ways, one node of each group. So, when
restricting to one tag, a single reboot group suffices, but no
coloring of the whole cluster would achieve this.
Signed-off-by: Klaus Aehlig <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Reviewed-by: Guido Trotter <email@example.com>
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Bayern Munich players undergo training at Saebener Strasse, Munich, Germany, April 11, 2022. — Reuters pic
MUNICH, April 11 — Bayern Munich will deliver against Villarreal in their Champions League quarter-final second leg tomorrow despite a bad first-leg performance because too much is at stake, Bayern coach Julian Nagelsmann said today.
The Bavarians suffered their first defeat in the competition this season, losing 1-0 in Spain last week with Villarreal the dominant side after also hitting the woodwork and missing several chances to score more goals.
"We played a bad game and they played their best game," Nagelsmann told a virtual news conference. "This will not happen again, to play badly against the same opponent twice."
The Bavarians were also far from their best in their 1-0 win over Augsburg in the Bundesliga on Saturday, failing to win a corner in the entire first half. Read full story
Nagelsmann said that while there may have been a slight dip in form it was only temporary.
"We delivered in the past and it should be like that tomorrow. We have to, we must, we want. It is normal when you win so many titles and have such success for so many years that you maybe need this pressure sometimes to get the maximum out."
Bayern are chasing their 10th consecutive Bundesliga title and last won the Champions League in 2020.
"Maybe it will be a sparkling game from our side tomorrow," Nagelsmann said.
Six-time European champions Bayern were the favourites going into the tie with Villarreal, who reached the Champions League semi-finals in 2006.
The Spaniards outclassed Bayern in the first leg with Nagelsmann saying his players needed to become more aggressive tomorrow.
"We must turn up our complete intensity level. We did not take the last steps, the last metres in the first leg. We have to play more uncomfortable football," he said.
"We made many mistakes. They made one to keep us alive. They could have scored more goals but we are still alive and we should show it on the pitch tomorrow." — Reuters


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Are you looking to maximise your workout results and push your performance to the next level? The right creatine supplement can make all the difference. As one of the most extensively researched and proven performance-enhancing supplements, creatine has become a staple in the fitness world.
Here in the UK, we have an abundance of creatine products to choose from, but finding the best one can be a daunting task. That's why we've compiled a list of the best creatine uk supplements, carefully reviewed and ranked by our team of experts. Read on to discover which creatine supplement is the perfect fit for your fitness goals and transform your workouts today.
- Top 10 Best Creatine Supplements In The UK
- 1. Optimum Nutrition Micronised Creatine Monohydrate Powder
- 2. Peak Supps Creatine Monohydrate Powder 250g
- 3. MyProtein Creatine Monohydrate
- 4. Nu U Nutrition Creatine Monohydrate Powder Micronised
- 5. Bulk Creatine Monohydrate Powder
- 6. Protein Works Creatine Monohydrate Powder
- 7. EHPlabs CREA-8 Creatine Monohydrate Powder
- 8. USN Micronized Creatine Monohydrate Powder
- 9. Time 4 Micronised Creatine Monohydrate Powder
- 10. CNP Professional Creatine Monohydrate Powder
- Conclusion
Top 10 Best Creatine Supplements In The UK
1. Optimum Nutrition Micronised Creatine Monohydrate Powder
- High-quality, pure creatine monohydrate
- Micronised for better absorption
- Unflavored for versatile mixing
- Improved strength and endurance
- Affordable
- Requires consistent use for optimal results
Optimum Nutrition Micronised Creatine Powder has quickly become a go-to supplement for many fitness enthusiasts and athletes looking to improve their performance and reach new heights in their workouts. After trying this product myself, I can confidently say that it lives up to its reputation.
Quality and Purity: Optimum Nutrition's commitment to quality shines through in their Micronised Creatine Powder. This supplement contains 100% pure creatine monohydrate, with no added fillers or additives. The micronisation process ensures a fine, easily soluble powder that mixes well and is quickly absorbed by the body.
Effectiveness: I noticed a significant improvement in my strength, endurance, and overall performance during my workouts after incorporating this creatine powder into my routine.
Over time, I experienced steady muscle growth and increased energy levels, allowing me to push past previous limits and reach new personal bests.
Ease of Use: The unflavored powder mixes effortlessly with water, juice, or protein shakes, making it easy to incorporate into any pre- or post-workout routine. The lack of flavor also means that it doesn't interfere with the taste of other beverages, which is a huge plus for those who dislike the taste of flavored supplements.
Value for Money: Given the quality, effectiveness, and ease of use, I believe that Optimum Nutrition Micronised Creatine Powder offers excellent value for money. The product's affordability makes it accessible for those on a budget, without compromising on all the benefits.
Overall, Optimum Nutrition Micronised Creatine Powder has exceeded my expectations and has become a staple in my supplement regimen. I highly recommend it to anyone looking to enhance their workout performance, increase strength, and promote muscle growth. With its purity, effectiveness, and ease of use, this creatine powder truly delivers on its promises.
Check out the Optimum Nutrition creatine tablets if powder is not your first choice. They also have a great whey protein option too. We believe that Optimum Nutrition is one of the best supplements in the UK.
2. Peak Supps Creatine Monohydrate Powder 250g
- Pure creatine monohydrate
- Affordable price
- Convenient packaging size
- Suitable for various fitness goals
- Supports muscle growth
- Packaging not great
- Does not come with a measure
Peak Supps is a UK-based supplement company that offers a range of fitness and health products, including creatine powder. Their 250g Creatine Powder is a popular choice for those seeking to enhance their workouts and support their fitness goals.
This product contains pure creatine monohydrate, a well-researched and effective form of creatine known for its potential to improve strength, endurance, and muscle growth.
The 250g container provides a convenient and affordable option for those looking to try taking creatine supplements for the first time or for users who need a smaller quantity.
Peak Supps is generally known for offering quality supplements at competitive prices.
Peak Supps is generally known for offering quality supplements at competitive prices. As with any supplement, individual results may vary, but many users report positive experiences with Peak Supps Creatine Powder in terms of enhancing their workouts and supporting their fitness goals.
3. MyProtein Creatine Monohydrate
- Highly researched formula
- Easy to mix
- Eco-friendly packaging
- Versatile fitness goals support
- Trusted brand
- Taste
- Some users may experience stomach pains initially
For fitness enthusiasts seeking a supplement to elevate their workouts, MyProtein Creatine Monohydrate offers an impressive solution. This well-researched and powerful creatine powders are designed to optimize gym goers sessions and support athletic aspirations.
Effectiveness: As one of the most extensively studied forms of creatine, MyProtein Creatine Monohydrate is scientifically proven to enhance physical performance by improving overall power. Users report increased endurance during high-intensity exercises, enabling them to reach new personal records and conquer challenging workouts.
Convenience: Obtaining the most creatine supplements through food sources like meat and fish can be difficult due to the large quantities required. MyProtein's creatine powder provides a practical and efficient way to supplement one's diet, making it a top choice for athletes and fitness enthusiasts alike.
Versatility: This creatine supplement caters to diverse fitness goals, whether it's enhancing performance in the gym, on the track, or the pitch. Additionally, MyProtein Creatine Monohydrate is suitable for both vegans and vegetarians, making it an inclusive option for individuals with various dietary preferences.
Recovery and Muscle Growth: Users have reported that MyProtein Creatine Monohydrate supports muscle growth and speeds up recovery, allowing them to bounce back faster and train more consistently.
Overall, MyProtein Creatine Monohydrate stands out as a reliable and effective supplement to elevate physical performance, support high-intensity exercise, and promote muscle growth and recovery.
4. Nu U Nutrition Creatine Monohydrate Powder Micronised
- Fast absorption
- Suitable for various sports
- Consistent quality
- Value for money
- Muscle mass & Growth
- Doesn't dissolve well
- Storage sensitivity
Earning its well-deserved place among the top 10 creatine supplements, Nu U Nutrition Creatine Monohydrate Powder Micronised delivers outstanding results for fitness enthusiasts and athletes aiming to enhance their performance and achieve new personal bests. This high-quality supplement boasts 100% pure micronised creatine monohydrate, ensuring both quality and effectiveness. The micronisation process produces a fine powder that dissolves easily, leading to superior mixability and absorption.
Users of Nu U Nutrition Creatine Monohydrate Powder have reported significant improvements in strength, endurance, and overall workout performance.
This supplement supports muscle growth, enabling individuals to push past previous limits and reach their fitness goals more efficiently.
Moreover, the powder's unflavored nature allows for versatile mixing options, as it can be effortlessly combined with various beverages without altering their taste.
Nu U Nutrition is a trusted brand committed to providing high-quality, safe, and effective supplements.
Nu U Nutrition is a trusted brand committed to providing high-quality, safe, and effective supplements. Their Creatine Monohydrate Powder Micronised is no exception, standing out as a reliable and powerful addition to any fitness regimen. With its exceptional quality, proven effectiveness, and ease of use, Nu U Nutrition's creatine supplement is a top choice for those striving to unlock their full athletic potential another great option to take in your gym bag.
5. Bulk Creatine Monohydrate Powder
- Flavor variety
- Multiple size options
- High purity level
- Easy to mix
- Dissolves well
- Limited instructions
- Taste
Bulk Creatine Monohydrate Powder, Pure Unflavoured, emerges as a premium choice for those seeking to elevate their fitness performance and maximize their high-intensity workouts. Coming from a reputable sports nutrition brand, this sports supplement also delivers quality and effectiveness that users can trust.
The 99.9% pure creatine monohydrate ensures that this product provides a high-quality and potent formula, designed to boost physical performance during intense exercise sessions.
By incorporating Bulk Creatine Monohydrate Powder into their regimen, users can expect to experience improvements in strength, power, and overall workout capacity.
The unflavored nature of this creatine powder offers versatility in mixing options, as it can be easily combined with water, protein shakes, or carbohydrate-based beverages without altering the taste.
This adaptability ensures that users can customize their creatine consumption to suit their individual preferences and dietary needs.
6. Protein Works Creatine Monohydrate Powder
- Ultra-fine mesh specification
- Serving size
- Inclusive formula
- Flavor variety
- Consistent quality
- Potential clumping
- No scoop
Protein Works Creatine Monohydrate Powder is a game-changing supplement for individuals seeking to elevate their fitness game and make the most of their high-intensity workouts. This premium creatine supplement boasts a number of unique features that set it apart from the competition.
Featuring 100% pure, premium-grade creatine monohydrate, this supplement guarantees maximum potency, with each serving containing a full 5 grams of creatine.
The ultra-fine 200 mesh specification ensures rapid absorption and instant mixability, allowing your body to benefit from the creatine more quickly and efficiently.
Known for its ability to enhance physical performance during short-term, high-intensity exercises, creatine monohydrate is a well-researched and reliable supplement choice.
Protein Works Creatine Monohydrate Powder is no exception, offering tangible improvements in strength, endurance, and overall workout capacity.
This versatile product is suitable for both vegetarians and vegans, making it an inclusive option for those with varying dietary restrictions. Additionally, Protein Works offers a range of delicious flavors, including Blue Raspberry Juice and Berry Blitz, catering to diverse taste preferences.
7. EHPlabs CREA-8 Creatine Monohydrate Powder
- 100 Servings
- Triple-phase testing
- Support for brain health
- Easy-to-follow dosing instructions
- Blends well
- Loading phase
- Potential digestive discomfort
EHPlabs CREA-8 Creatine Monohydrate Powder is a top-tier creatine supplement designed to help you reach new heights in muscle mass, strength, and overall performance. This unique product offers a range of features that make it stand out among its competitors.
CREA-8 is formulated with the goal of increasing lean muscle mass and promoting cell volumization, muscle hydration, and increased endurance.
The supplement's ability to improve strength and power is attributable to its role in boosting ATP energy production, allowing you to lift more weight before becoming fatigued.
This improvement in exercise performance and training quality leads to greater gains in strength and muscle mass over time.
In addition to its muscle-building benefits, CREA-8 also supports brain health by providing more energy to all cells, including brain cells. This can help optimize cognitive function, particularly during challenging tasks that require significant amounts of ATP.
Easy to consume, CREA-8 can be mixed with 8 ounces of water or combined with OxyWhey Lean Protein post workout shake. The high-quality manufacturing processes and triple-phase testing ensure that each batch of CREA-8 meets the highest standards for quality, safety, and effectiveness.
8. USN Micronized Creatine Monohydrate Powder
- Boosts energy and performance
- Quick to mix
- Easily absorbed
- Versatile usage
- Supports muscle recovery
- Loading and maintenance phases
- Requires consistent hydration
USN Micronized Creatine Monohydrate Powder offers an energy-boosting solution for athletes looking to enhance their performance during high-intensity workouts. This unflavoured creatine powder is easily mixed with any drink, giving you the flexibility to create your own pre or post-workout blend. USN's micronized creatine is quickly absorbed by the body, allowing you to maximize your workout potential and train harder for longer.
One of the standout features of USN Creatine Powder is its versatility. Ideal for both men and women, it supports a range of activities and can be customized to suit individual preferences by mixing with juice, squash, or other muscle gain supplements.
The powder is scientifically proven to improve endurance and performance for those over 55, making it suitable for a wide age range.
USN Creatine Powders unflavoured nature means you can mix it with your favourite USN protein drink, fruit juice, or enjoy it on its own.
The recommended loading and maintenance phases ensure optimal creatine levels in the body, while the reminder to drink 8-12 glasses of water per day promotes hydration during supplementation.
9. Time 4 Micronised Creatine Monohydrate Powder
- High-quality micronized creatine
- Large 600g tub offers 120 servings
- Endorsed by the Vegan Society
- No fillers, colors, or artificial sweeteners,
- Easy-to-follow dosing instructions
- Loading phase requires a higher daily intake
Time 4 Creatine Powder is an excellent choice for those looking to enhance their workout performance. With a generous 600g tub that provides 120 servings, it is ideal for individuals who train frequently and require a consistent supply of creatine.
This product features unflavoured, 100% pure premium grade micronised creatine monohydrate powder. The micronisation process ensures enhanced absorption and easier mixing, making it simple to add to protein shakes, juices, or water. This powder is vegan friendly, gluten-free, and contains no fillers, making it suitable for a variety of dietary preferences and requirements.
Numerous scientific studies support the use of creatine monohydrate supplement for increased physical performance during short-term, high-intensity exercises. Time 4 Creatine Powder delivers on this promise by offering a high-quality product that is backed by research and manufactured in the UK.
The fact that it is registered with the Vegan Society further establishes its credibility and commitment to quality. This product is not only beneficial for athletes and bodybuilders but also for vegetarians and vegans who may have reduced levels of creatine in their diet.
In conclusion, Time 4 Creatine Powder is an excellent choice for those seeking a reliable, high-quality creatine supplement. Its micronised formula, vegan-friendly nature, and ample servings make it a worthwhile addition to any fitness enthusiast's supplement regime.
10. CNP Professional Creatine Monohydrate Powder
- 100% pure creatine monohydrate
- Improved physical performance
- Increase in size, strength, and power
- Increased energy during training
- Easy to mix
- Limited flavors
- Potential for weight gain
CNP Professional Pro Creatine Range, featuring the 500g Creatine Monohydrate Powder, is designed to help athletes and fitness enthusiasts achieve their goals. This review will discuss the various aspects of this product to help potential users make an informed decision.
The quality of CNP Pro Creatine is evident in its use of 100% pure creatine monohydrate in powder form. This ensures that users are receiving a premium supplement that can support their workout routines. The product is easy to mix with water, fruit juice, or protein shakes, making it a convenient addition to any fitness regimen.
One of the main benefits of using CNP Pro Creatine is its ability to increase size, strength, and power. Creatine is essential for muscle fuel, and supplementing with 5g per day can help enhance physical performance during short-term, high-intensity exercises. This makes CNP Pro Creatine ideal for those looking to improve their workouts and reach new fitness milestones.
Furthermore, CNP Pro Creatine promotes muscular effort, which can lead to increased energy during training sessions. This can be particularly beneficial for athletes looking to maximize their performance and push their limits.
CNP Professional Pro Creatine Range offers a high-quality supplement that can aid users in achieving their fitness goals. With its pure creatine monohydrate content and convenient mixing options, this product is a great addition to any workout routine. Users taking creatine supplements can expect to see improvements in size, strength, power, and energy during training, making CNP Pro Creatine a worthwhile investment.
In conclusion, the top 10 best creatine supplements in the UK offer a range of options to cater to the diverse needs and preferences of fitness enthusiasts and athletes. These products have been carefully formulated to enhance physical performance, support muscle growth, and improve overall athletic abilities.
Each supplement varies in terms of formulation, ingredients, and additional features, allowing consumers to choose the one that best aligns with their goals and requirements. When selecting a creatine supplement, it is essential to consider factors such as quality, purity, ease of use, and compatibility with one's dietary restrictions or preferences. By making an informed decision, users can maximize the benefits of creatine supplementation and achieve their fitness objectives.


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Genetic Drift Innovations
Genetic drift innovations is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant in a population due to random sampling of organisms. The alleles in the offspring are a sample of those in the parents, and chance has a role in determining whether a given individual survives and reproduces. A population's allele frequency is the fraction of the copies of one gene that share a particular form. Genetic drift may cause gene variants to disappear completely and thereby reduce genetic variation It can also cause initially rare alleles to become much more frequent and even fixed. When there are few copies of an allele, the effect of genetic drift is larger, and when there are many copies the effect is smaller. In the middle of 20th century, vigorous debates occurred over the relative importance of natural selection versus neutral processes, including genetic drift. Ronald Fisher, who explained natural selection using Mendelian
,held the view that genetic drift plays at the most a minor role in evolution, and this remained the dominant view for several decades. In 1968, population geneticist Motoo Kimura rekindled the debate with his neutral theory of molecular evolution, which claims that most instances where a genetic change spreads across a population (although not necessarily changes in phenotypes) are caused by genetic drift acting on neutral mutations. The process of genetic drift can be illustrated using 20 marbles in a jar to represent 20 organisms in a population.[8] Consider this jar of marbles as the starting population. Half of the marbles in the jar are red and half are blue, with each colour corresponding to a different allele of one gene in the population. In each new generation the organisms reproduce at random. To represent this reproduction, randomly select a marble from the original jar and deposit a new marble with the same colour into a new jar. This is the "offspring" of the original marble, meaning that the original marble remains in its jar. Repeat this process until there are 20 new marbles in the second jar. The second jar will now contain 20 "offspring", or marbles of various colours. Unless the second jar contains exactly 10 red marbles and 10 blue marbles, a random shift has occurred in the allele frequencies. If this process is repeated a number of times, the numbers of red and blue marbles picked each generation will fluctuate. Sometimes a jar will have more red marbles than its "parent" jar and sometimes more blue. This fluctuation is analogous to genetic drift – a change in the population's allele frequency resulting from a random variation in the distribution of alleles from one generation to the next. It is even possible that in any one generation no marbles of a particular colour are chosen, meaning they have no offspring. In this example, if no red marbles are selected, the jar representing the new generation contains only blue offspring. If this happens, the red allele has been lost permanently in the population, while the remaining blue allele has become fixed: all future generations are entirely blue. In small populations, fixation can occur in just a few generations.
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Last week, Will Carroll and Michael Groopman released the Mets Team Health Report (THR) over at Baseball Prospectus (subscription). The THR system assigns a colored traffic light to each player on the team, with a red light indicating the highest likelihood for injury, and a green light indicating a (relatively) clean bill of health. A yellow light is somewhere in between.
Paul Lo Duca, Pedro Martinez and Cliff Floyd received red lights. Kaz Matsui, Jose Reyes, Xavier Nady, Tom Glavine, Steve Trachsel, Aaron Heilman and Billy Wagner received yellow lights. Carlos Delgado, David Wright, Carlos Beltran, Victor Diaz and Victor Zambrano received green lights.
Here is my chat with Will Caroll.
Eric Simon (ES): For those who are unfamiliar with it, can you give us a brief explanation of how the THR system works? What are its biggest strengths/weaknesses?
Will Carroll (WC): The biggest weakness I've seen this year is the lack of consistent, available minor league injury info. That causes it to miss a lot of things, especially for pitchers. There's also a lack of precision in the system. I think it's much better than anything else out there because the base it works from, the base risk table, is better than anything available. No one out there is a zero risk, so why start there?
ES: A yellow light for Jose Reyes seems reasonable: he struggled with injuries when he first came up, but was a horse in 2005. Does a young player like Reyes "grow into his body", as they say?
WC: I don't think growth has anything to do with it. The Mets spent a lot of time and money making sure he had the best chance to stay healthy, then the Mets staff worked on him day in, day out. Reyes probably won't remember come contract time, but he should write Ray Ramirez and Vern Gambetta a big check. Another "horse" year and I'll be a believer.
ES: Carlos Beltran struggled in the first half of 2005 with a nagging quad injury which he may have come back from too quickly. Should we be overly concerned that that type of muscle injury might recur? What have you heard about any potentially-lingering effects of his late-season facial fracture?
WC: The face isn't a physical concern, but you have to worry about the mental. His quad strain is problematic. Running - range, speed - is a big part of his game and reducing that by any percentage hurts. I think his adjustment to NY and to Shea is a bigger part and that he'll come back some this year.
ES: Any injury to Pedro Martinez (or any team's ace, for that matter) is worrisome, but I'm somewhat sobered by the fact that it's "just" his toe bothering him, as opposed to something in his pitching arm. Is that crazy?
WC: Little things are important. If that toe affects his stride and puts more stress on his shoulder, it won't be "just" a toe. We've seen over and over that the pitching motion is so complex that anything that alters it, no matter how small, can be significant.
ES: How likely is it that Cliff Floyd will play in 150 games again, as he did in 2005? If not 150, how many games to you peg him at?
WC: I'd guess 130. Floyd's adjusted to being the player he is, though it took a while. He doesn't try to do what he used to be able to anymore. If you figure him for 120 and construct the roster to account for that (Diaz, etc) then 130, 140, 150 is gravy. He's in a contract year, something that we've proven is a big deal.
ES: On a personal note, I've found that a lot of people who cover baseball no longer "root" for a particular team. Who was your favorite team growing up, and has writing about baseball affected that loyalty in any way?
WC: I grew up a Cubs fan. I can remember the first game I saw on cable. With all the Prior hulabaloo this year, it's been tough. Any more, I root for good baseball, whether I'm watching the Cubs, the Mets, the local little league, or Team Korea.
ES: Thanks for taking the time to answer these questions, Will. I really appreciate it, and I look forward to speaking with you again in the future. Keep up the great work at BP.
WC: Thanks!
Be sure to check out Carroll's books, Saving the Pitcher and The Juice: The Real Story of Baseball's Drug Problems.


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4823 & 4835 N Mitchell St, Boise Id 83704 is a $1,250,000, 4,086 square foot, 8 bedroom, 6.0 bath home on a 0.14 acre lot located in Boise, ID.
These beautiful farmhouse style rental properties are centrally located in Boise. Each home offers the perfect blend of modern luxury & rustic charm, encompassing 4 bedrooms and 2.5baths. Abundant natural light throughout the interior creates a warm & welcoming ambiance. The kitchen provides ample workspace for culinary enthusiasts, gorgeous custom cabinets, quartz countertops, stainless steel appliances and Kohler plumbing fixtures. Enjoy an open and bright living space on the main level w/ all bedrooms, laundry and loft upstairs. Spacious master suite w/ large walk-in closet, luxury bath w/ dual vanities, stand alone tub and step-in shower plus outdoor space w/ a private covered deck. The fully insulated garage comes complete w/ epoxy floors, built-in shelving, work bench plus an EV 220 outlet. Fully fenced back yard, large patio protected by a Sunesta retractable cover plus stubbed for gas BBQ. Beautiful birch, maple and locust trees for shade and privacy! Loads of tech savvy features!
Appliances | Disposal (All Units) Stove/Range (All Units) Washer/Dryer (Some Units) |
Cooling Types | Central Air |
Heating Types | Forced Air Natural Gas Unit 2 Separate Meter Unit 1 Separate Meter |
# Parking Spaces | 2 |
Parking Types | Attached Finished Driveway |
Exterior Features | CurrentUse - Single Family DocumentsAvailable - Easement DocumentsAvailable - Property Disclosure Utilities - Sewer Connected Unit 1 Separate Meter |
Roof | Roof - Composition |
Construction Types | ConstructionMaterials - Frame FoundationDetails - Crawl Space |
Land Type | 10000SF - .49 |
Water Source | City Service |
Property Type | Residential Income |
Property Sub Type | Other |
Days on Market | 186 |
Year Built | 2021 |
HOA Fee | $0.00 |
Taxes | $1,953.00 |
County | ada |
School District | west ada school district |
Elementary School | mcmillan |
Middle School | lwlscottjr |
High School | centennial |
Neighborhood | 0 Not Applic. |
Financial Terms | FHA Renovation |
Information provided by Intermountain Multiple Listing Service (IMLS) is deemed reliable but not guaranteed by the MLS or this website. All listings provided by IMLS are displayed with the image to the left.
IMLS data is for personal, non-commercial use only and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. IMLS does not assume any liability for missing or inaccurate data.


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description of Blue WhatsApp APK App
WhatsApp has long been the go-to messaging app for many. But for those who crave more features and customization, WhatsApp MODs like GBWhatsApp, WhatsApp Plus, and AGWhatsApp have emerged as popular alternatives. The latest entrant in this lineup is the visually stunning WhatsApp Blue. If you're a WhatsApp enthusiast looking for a fresh experience, this might be your next favorite app.
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Commentary on Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and other Drug Laws Nilesh Gandhi has co-authored with Shri. S. W. Deshpande, an Exhaustive Commentary on Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules, 1945, Medical Devices Rules 2017, Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954 and Rules, 1955 and Drugs (Prices) Control Order, 2013. The book is published by Susmit Publishers, Mumbai and nine editions are well appreciated across India by the regulators, solicitors, manufacturers and academicians. It is also recommended as a reference book by various universities for the D. Pharm, B. Pharm, M. Pharm and PhD courses.
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FLARE is smart garment engineered to alleviate hot flushes. The discreet design allows women to control their body temperature and relief from the mental strain of coping with hot flushes and menopause. The product consists of five components that create an effective system that introduces the possibility that is on the horizon for E-Textiles as well as feminine design. This product aims to reduce symptoms naturally without the need for medication which is the desired product for women going through all stages of menopause.
If you would like to get in touch with Aisling you can contact her via email or LinkedIn.


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2-bedroom flats and houses for sale in Earls Court
One Cluny Mews
Salboy Earl's Court Cluny Mews, London SW5 9EGLocated within the affluent area of Earl's Court, One Cluny Mews is surrounded by elegant Victorian architecture and traditional garden squares. Situated within this extraordinary location our new development offers residents top quality one-, …
Completion | Bedrooms |
Ready to move | 1,2,3 |
Earls Court
Delancey Earl's Court Warwick Road, London SW5 9TAThe Earls Court Development Company (ECDC) has announced the engagement of three architectural teams to advance the initial phase of the Earls Court Exhibition Centres site's development. This initiative aims to bring forth innovative, sustainable …
Completion | Bedrooms |
2027 | 1,2,3 |
Holland Park Gate
Lodha Group High Street Kensington 257-265 Kensington High Street, London W8 6NAConsisting of four elegant buildings offering generously proportioned 1, 2, 3, and 4 bedroom apartments, each home at Holland Park Gate is finished with Lodha UK's trademark attention to quality and detail. Putting a sustainable lifestyle …
Completion | Bedrooms |
2024 | 2,3,4 |
Lillie Square
Capital and Counties Properties CAPCO West Brompton Seagrave Road, London SW6 1RXPhase 1 of Lillie Square launched in March 2014 and all apartments are now sold with only a few penthouses remaining. The five buildings; Bolander Grove North, Bolander Grove South, Columbia Gardens North, Columbia Gardens South and One Lillie south …
Completion | Bedrooms |
Ready to move | 1,2,3 |
21 Young Street
Grainger Notting Hill Gate 19-27 Young Street, London W8 5EHGlimpse into 21 Young Street, Kensington. A modern journey of true craftsmanship, truth to material and the ultimate art of living well. A new vision of Kensington An exquisite set of apartments and townhouse residences in the heart of W8. A world …
Completion | Bedrooms |
Ready to move | 1 |
Lighterman Towers
Hadley Property Group Imperial Wharf 1 Harbour Avenue London, SW10 0HQA high-quality boutique development of 89 classically-proportioned apartments and a retail promenade on Lots Road, overlooking Chelsea Creek and behind it the Thames. The scheme, which was delivered in the autumn of 2018, completes the regeneration …
Completion | Bedrooms |
Ready to move | 1,2,3 |
Lancer Square
Chesington Investments Limited (by Bellworth) Notting Hill Gate Kensington Church Street, London W8 4EPLancer Square's apartments and penthouses are elegant new additions to the Kensington Palace conservation area. Fine-crafted residences that reflect their royal locale to inspire a uniquely London sense of home. The lobby heralds Lancer Square…
Completion | Bedrooms |
Ready to move | 3,4 |
Riverstone Kensington
Riverstone Kensington Coe House, 4 Warwick Ln, London W14 8FNRiverstone Kensington is an award-winning residence of one, two and three-bedroom apartments in one of London's most sought-after neighbourhoods. Just a few streets away from Holland Park and Kensington High Street, its design evokes the grand …
Completion | Bedrooms |
Ready to move | 1,2,3 |
Hutchison Property Group Imperial Wharf Lots Road, London SW10 0QDA new living experience, created within the historic walls of one of the capital's last great industrial icons, tells a story 100 years in the making. Welcome to the Powerhouse, an exceptionally rare collection of 260 apartments embraced by …
Completion | Bedrooms |
Ready to move | 3,4 |
Hartopp Point & Lannoy Point
Hammersmith & Fulham Council Fulham Broadway Williams Close, London SW6 7NGHammersmith & Fulham Council has been granted planning consent to build 134 new high-quality homes on the former site of Hartopp Point and Lannoy Point. The plans for the new development were approved by the Planning and Development Committee of …
Completion | Bedrooms |
2025 | 1,2,3 |
One Kensington Gardens
De Vere Estates High Street Kensington De Vere Gardens, London W8 5AFAn exceptional development, designed by Sir David Chipperfield, of 97 apartments situated opposite Kensington Palace and Gardens with world class amenities. Residents benefit from a 24-hour dedicated concierge, valet parking, health spa, 25m indoor …
Completion | Bedrooms |
Ready to move | 2 |
Holland Park Villas
Native Land Holland Park Campden Hill, London W8 7ADIn central London, super-prime residential and a community feel rarely go hand-in-hand. Not so with Holland Park Villas. The development combines exceptionally designed private living spaces with 12,000 sq ft of shared amenity space where residents …
Completion | Bedrooms |
Ready to move | 3 |
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All 2-bedroom flats for sale in Earls Court in London
If you are looking for a two bed flat to buy in Earls Court in London, there are 2 new build homes in our catalogue.
The cost of two bedroom apartment in a new building in Earls Court in London starts from £1 000 000.
The maximum price for apartments in a new development does not exceed £1 000 000.
Property features
The completion date for the construction of new developments is different from 2024 to 2030, you can buy an apartment which will be put into operation in 2024.
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Sorting by individual parameters makes search easier. With the help of our web-site, you can buy an apartment in a new home much faster as there is no need to waste your time on understanding the complex housing market.
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Jordan's most revolutionary shoe. The Air Jordan XXXIII rewrites the story of the greatest basketball shoe on the planet. Its revolutionary FastFit closure system locks you in for flight, while its new Flightspeed technology is tuned for propulsion.
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DTLR wants you to be fully satisfied with your purchase. You can view our Returns Policy here.


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Pittsburgh Synagogue Rabbi Jeffrey Myers revealed on Tuesday on an appearance with CNN that he received tons of hate mail simply because he previously said he would welcome President Trump to Tree of Life Synagogue.
On Saturday, police responded to a mass shooting at the Tree of Life Synagogue in Pittsburgh.
46-year-old Trump-hater, Robert Bowers ran into the Synagogue Saturday screaming "All Jews must die!" as he shot and killed nearly a dozen Jewish people in cold blood.
Rabbi Jeffrey Myers hid in a bathroom until he was saved by SWAT officers.
On Monday, Rabbi Jeffrey Myers told CNN's Alisyn Camerota that President Trump is welcome at his Synagogue, refusing to cave to the prodding anchor.
Now leftists are sending Rabbi Myers hate mail…
'Those emails also contain hate. It just continues in this vicious cycle. We need to be better than this.
'We can be better than this,' Rabbi Myers told Camerota.
Rabbi Jeffrey Myers says he has no plans at the moment to meet with President Trump when he arrives in Pittsburgh: "My attention will be with the family. I have a funeral and I must tend to their needs" pic.twitter.com/TcDpJzlq0m
— CNN Politics (@CNNPolitics) October 30, 2018


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Fiery New Cast Member! Kathryn Eistaedt Edwards Joins 'Real Housewives of Beverly Hills'— And She's Already Creating Chaos!
Sep. 3 2015, Updated 1:01 p.m. ET
Troubled Kim Richards is out, but The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills has some fresh faces.
RadarOnline.com can exclusive reveal that NFL legend Marcus Allen's ex-wife, Kathryn Eickstaedt Edwards, has officially joined the cast— and the stunning beauty is already bringing the drama!
The model and actress has been "spicing things up and has been speaking her mind," a source tells Radar. "Katherine is no shrinking violet, has very strong opinions, and is never afraid to share!"
Kim Richards' Pitbull Mauled An 80-Year-Old Family Friend – See The Photos!
Outspoken is exactly what producers hoped for after firing Richards and controversial cast member Brandi Glanville.
One costar Edwards has already rubbed the wrong way? Kyle Richards, the source claims.
"There is drama between Kyle and Katherine because of her friendship with Faye Resnick," the insider explains. "Katherine has a lot of history with Faye."
- Brandi Glanville 'Responsible' for Her Downfall at Bravo, Accused of Self-Sabotaging After Andy Cohen Allegations: Source
- 'Bit the Bullet': Brandi Glanville Accuses Bravo of Pressuring Her to Drop 2015 Court Battle With Joanna Krupa Despite Draining Savings on Legal Fees
- 'Teen Mom' Star Jenelle Evans' Husband David Eason Plans to File for Divorce After She Kicked Him and Daughter Out: Report
After divorcing Allen, the spitfire married another football star, Donnie Edwards, in 2001.
Also joining the cast is aspiring singer Erika Jayne.
The songstress is close friends with current cast member Yolanda Foster and her musician husband, David.
But she's not as fiery as Edwards!
"Erika is turning out to be a bit of a dud," the source says. "She is very quiet, and just seems to agree with what anyone is saying."
"In fact, Erika seems to be going out of her way to not be controversial. Erika should realize that this is a reality show!"


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Hyannis, Massachusetts [August 5, 2015] – This Saturday, August 8th at the Hyannis Youth & Community Center (HYCC), the winner of the main event fight between Hyannis' Jesse Barboza (9-1-1, 5 KO's) and Pennsylvania's Jesse Oltmanns (10-5, 7 KO's) will be crowned Northeast Heavyweight Champion.
And while many in the crowd will be looking towards Barboza to represent the future of Cape Cod boxing, Boston Boxing Promotions will also honor the past, making Cape Cod resident and former fighter/trainer George Maddox that night's distinguished guest.
As a pro fighter from 1959 – 1960, Maddox is credited with accruing a record of 11 wins and 3 losses. Within that career, he fought twice in Cape Cod during the summer of 1959 in West Yamouth at Hill Arena and scored a third-round TKO over Pittsfield native Jerry Kelp and an eight-round decision win over New Bedford's Eddie Sylvia. He also had an amateur career record of an astounding 160 wins, 12 losses.
He also made his mark on Cape Cod boxing as a trainer coaching Hyannis' Kippy Diggs to a career that ended with him having a record of 30 wins, 5 losses and 22 of his wins coming by way of knockout. Diggs was also at one point world rated and held the NABF Welterweight title. He also trained Falmouth's Jay Pina to a 16-3 career record and Hyannis ring veteran Terry Crowley – who pulled some major upsets in his career including a 1982 TKO over Kevin Rooney, who would go on to great fame as Mike Tyson's trainer when he became the youngest heavyweight champion in history. He also lost a very close split decision to Dicky Eklund, Micky Ward's brother who was portrayed by Christian Bale in the movie, "The Fighter", during a bout in South Yarmouth in 1983.
This Saturday evening's event will also feature Harwich's Paul Gonsalves (7-7-1, 3 KO's) in an eight-round light heavyweight fight against Mexico's Rafael Valenzuela (8-5, 1 KO), Pembroke's Vinnie Carita (9-1-1, 9 KO's) taking on Jose Humberto Corral (18-18, 12 KO's) and two additional 4 rounders. Card subject to change.
The August 8, 2015 event will be presented by Boston Boxing Promotions. It will be the first professional boxing event held in Hyannis since 2006. General admission tickets are $40 and are on sale now at www.CapeCodBoxing.com. Fans are urged to purchase tickets early due to limited availability.
Boston Boxing Promotions is dedicated to the resurgence of professional boxing at the regional level, particularly in the New England area. To learn more about the promotion, you can follow them on Twitter @BostonProBoxing, join the promotion's official Facebook page "Boston Boxing Promotions," and visit the promotion's websitewww.BostonBoxingPromotions.com.


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DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372431
Minimally Invasive Direct Lateral Approach to the Thoracolumbar Junction: Cadaveric Analysis and Case Illustrations
Publication History
10 May 2013
30 December 2013
Publication Date:
12 May 2014 (online)
Background Multiple surgical exposures to the thoracolumbar junction have been described. The minimally invasive direct lateral approach to the lumbar spine captures the advantages of anterolateral approaches while minimizing soft tissue destruction and perioperative morbidity. Utilizing this approach at the thoracolumbar junction presents unique anatomical challenges posed by the ribs, diaphragm, pleura, and lung.
Methods We examine the use of a minimally invasive direct lateral approach to the thoracolumbar junction (T10–L2) through six cadaveric approaches and provide case examples of three patients.
Results In six approaches with normal spinal alignment we were able to access all disc spaces in the thoracolumbar region. The L2–L3 disc was accessed below the 12th rib in 100% of spines; L1–L2 accessed through the T11–T12 intercostal space in 83% of spines; T12–L1 was accessed through the T11–T12 intercostal space in 67% of spines and through the T10–T11 intercostal space in 33% of spines; T11–T12 was accessed through the T10–T11 intercostal space in 83% of spines; finally, T10–T11 was accessed through the T10–T11 intercostal space in 67% of spines and through the T9–T10 intercostal space in 33% of spines.
Discussion The minimally invasive direct lateral approach offers access to ventral pathology at the thoracolumbar junction. Familiarity with common anatomical structures encountered during this approach in the thoracolumbar junction enhances surgical planning and facilitates surgical exposure.
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- 2 Bohlman HH, Zdeblick TA. Anterior excision of herniated thoracic discs. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1988; 70 (7) 1038-1047
- 3 Faciszewski T, Winter RB, Lonstein JE, Denis F, Johnson L. The surgical and medical perioperative complications of anterior spinal fusion surgery in the thoracic and lumbar spine in adults. A review of 1223 procedures. Spine 1995; 20 (14) 1592-1599
- 4 Fessler RG, Sturgill M. Review: complications of surgery for thoracic disc disease. Surg Neurol 1998; 49 (6) 609-618
- 5 Regan JJ, Mack MJ, Picetti III GD. A technical report on video-assisted thoracoscopy in thoracic spinal surgery. Preliminary description. Spine 1995; 20 (7) 831-837
- 6 Fessler RG, Sekhar LN. Atlas of Neurosurgical Techniques: Spine and Peripheral Nerves. New York, NY: Thieme; 2006
- 7 Abbott KH, Retter RH. Protrusions of thoracic intervertebral disks. Neurology 1956; 6 (1) 1-10
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- 10 Patterson Jr RH, Arbit E. A surgical approach through the pedicle to protruded thoracic discs. J Neurosurg 1978; 48 (5) 768-772
- 11 Uribe JS, Smith WD, Pimenta L , et al. Minimally invasive lateral approach for symptomatic thoracic disc herniation: initial multicenter clinical experience. J Neurosurg Spine 2012; 16 (3) 264-279
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- 13 Maiman DJ, Larson SJ, Luck E, El-Ghatit A. Lateral extracavitary approach to the spine for thoracic disc herniation: report of 23 cases. Neurosurgery 1984; 14 (2) 178-182
- 14 Fessler RG, Dietze Jr DD, Millan MM, Peace D. Lateral parascapular extrapleural approach to the upper thoracic spine. J Neurosurg 1991; 75 (3) 349-355
- 15 McCormick PC. Retropleural approach to the thoracic and thoracolumbar spine. Neurosurgery 1995; 37 (5) 908-914
- 16 Chi JH, Dhall SS, Kanter AS, Mummaneni PV. The Mini-Open transpedicular thoracic discectomy: surgical technique and assessment. Neurosurg Focus 2008; 25 (2) E5
- 17 Uribe JS, Dakwar E, Cardona RF, Vale FL. Minimally invasive lateral retropleural thoracolumbar approach: cadaveric feasibility study and report of 4 clinical cases. Neurosurgery 2011; 68 (1, Suppl Operative): 32-39; discussion 39
- 18 Dakwar E, Ahmadian A, Uribe JS. The anatomical relationship of the diaphragm to the thoracolumbar junction during the minimally invasive lateral extracoelomic (retropleural/retroperitoneal) approach. J Neurosurg Spine 2012; 16 (4) 359-364
- 19 Kim M, Nolan P, Finkelstein JA. Evaluation of 11th rib extrapleural-retroperitoneal approach to the thoracolumbar junction. Technical note. J Neurosurg 2000; 93 (1, Suppl): 168-174
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Catherine Kasavuli's only child Martin is still affected by the death of his mother nearly three weeks after the veteran journalist was laid to rest.
Martin says he thought the pain of losing his mother could get easier as time went by but unfortunately it did not.
He added his late mother was the best mom a son could ask for in so many ways.
"Not a day goes by that you are not missed. I thought it might get easier as time went by, but it does not. I do not know how to come to terms with reality, but I know that you, for sure, are the best mother a son could ask for in so many ways," Martin Kasavuli wrote on his late mother's Instagram account.
"You saw beauty in everything in life; you were a very simple-minded human being. You were the best person morally that I have ever known. You taught us how to live life to the fullest. I promise to keep your legacy," he added.
Kasavuli was laid to rest on January 14, 2023, in Vihiga county.
The celebrated journalist died on December 29, 2022, aged 60 at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) after battling cervical cancer.
She had been admitted in hospital since October 26, 2022.
In November, colleagues and friends in the media industry mobilised people to donate blood for urgent transfusion after she was admitted at KNH.
Kasavuli's employer KBC appealed for blood donation as she is admitted to Kenyatta hospital's Private wing.
President William Ruto waived the hospital bill incurred by the late veteran journalist while she was admitted in hospital.


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Things to do after
visiting Seaquarium Institut Marin ?
Seaquarium Institut Marin is on the Mediterranean coast within a tourist complex including leisure parks, cafés, play areas, etc….
Seaquarium Institut Marin Boutique is accessible from the beach side lobby and sells a full selection of souvenirs and marine world articles, these include:
brightly coloured soft-toys
educational and fun books
selection of post cards
selection of tee-shirts and personalised articles.


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Online casinos in Australia
Australian gamblers are always looking for gambling entertainment sites to make money from exciting games. They also have the opportunity to win large sums of money in lucrative non-boring gambling games. Nowadays, online casinos and online casino games can bring in large sums of money in a short period of time, which attracts Australian users. Not all of the casinos available in Australia can fulfill all of the conditions desired by users for gambling profits. Generally, Australian users are more likely to find low-quality online casinos where it is almost impossible to earn gambling profits.
Australian casinos may offer gambling betting services without a license. Others provide a small amount of gambling and do their best to ensure that Australian users get as little money from gambling as possible. Because of this, many Australian users cannot safely start playing and making money at online casinos, as they often stumble upon poor quality and not very profitable sites. We want to help all Australian users find the best gambling sites in Australia so that everyone can make money online and not lose their money. Below we'll tell you about some of the most popular casinos in Australia and tell you how to choose a really quality casino. We'll also introduce you to the best online games where you can earn real money.
Top 5 online casinos to win 2022
Nowadays, Australian users can easily find quality online casinos for Australians. They don't need to spend a huge amount of time to do so. Generally, in order to consider any gaming resource, Australian users only need to go into any browser and start searching for online casinos. But due to the fact that it is now possible to come across fraudulent sites on the internet, finding a reliable online casino can be a little more difficult. For this reason, you don't need to spend a huge amount of money searching for Australian online casinos. You can visit the official website https://online-casinoau.com/ , which contains all the most famous and profitable Australian gaming platforms. In a few minutes, you can choose a casino you like, where you will easily and quickly earn your first money.
Below is a list of the top 5 online casinos in Australia:
- Queen Spins;
- Vegas Casino;
- Skycrown;
- Blue Leo;
- Stay casino.
Now that you've found and chosen a casino, don't rush to register or fund your account. First you need to check and read all the useful information about it.
We recommend every Australian user to find information about the license that the gaming site has received. As a rule, the license shows how responsible the casino is in providing gambling services. In addition, we advise every Australian user to find out the start date of the online casino, as well as find and read as many reviews as possible from real casino users. Thanks to the reviews, you will be able to learn about some of the subtleties, pros and cons of the casino, which may be useful to you in the future.
The most popular games for big winnings
Once you have chosen a casino, created an account and funded your balance, you can move on to selecting the game you want to play. There are so many online casino games out there right now, but we'll tell you about the best and most profitable ones.
- Pokies. The term "Pokies" is used to describe slots in Australia. Pokies for real money are very popular in Australia. This is one of the favorite games in Australia because it is varied and has many themes and types. This system is a set of straight reels and symbols controlled by a random number generator. Most often the machine consists of 18-20 symbols, but there are exceptions. There are no logical conclusions in the results of your game, because the mechanism has no memory and does not know whether you have won or not. You just need to rotate the drum, and the computer will make the calculation at random. Try your luck in this game!
- Keno. This game may remind you of the lottery. All you have to do to win is guess the number on your ticket. The numbers are placed in small squares on the ticket and can have a value from 1 to 80. Get the jackpot in Keno. Find out which number will be your lucky number!
- Roulette. Everyone has ever heard of this game, or seen, for example, in some movie. It is a classic game using a ball that has to stop on a certain segment that you choose in order to win.
- Blackjack. In this game, it is important that the sum of your cards is closest to the number 21. And if your sum is closer than that of the other players, then you are the winner.
- Poker. This is a rather difficult strategy game, but if you master it, you'll love it unequivocally. No-Limit Hold'em is good for beginners. It has as many rules as classic poker, but is easier to learn.
- Craps. This is a simple but exciting game of craps. All you have to do to win is guess the number on the dice. Unfortunately, not all websites currently offer this game.
Take a look at this impressive list of gambling offerings. Every Australian user will be able to find a game to their liking. Each game is good and unique in its own way. Enjoy a game at Australia's best casinos. Good luck and big winnings!


text: Jeng Chi has been a mainstay for unpretentious Chinese dining in DFW since 1990, attracting a loyal following for its dishes from Taiwan and mainland China. Their soup dumplings are justifiably praised, but the extensive menu has something for everyone, from more traditional authentic fare like braised pork belly with marinated egg, to Americanized dishes such as orange chicken and kung pao shrimp. They also offer a wide variety of cakes for special order.


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As a hobbyist designer with years of experience and a former captain of the regional team sports radiointerview (the hunt for "foxes") offer a development designed to significantly improve the organization and conduct of training, competition, as well as to facilitate to beginners the way to the fascinating world of radio sport. In essence, this is a homemade compact and reliable transmitter "Fox" (PL). However, it is assembled by an improved wiring diagram, with keying in the power circuit of the crystal oscillator (Fig. 1).
The increased stability of the transistor VT1 in a larger interval of supply voltages and temperatures achieved by the introduction of an additional resistor R2 whose value is 10 kω. The capacitance of the junction in the output stage is increased, and in the chain of manipulation, on the contrary, much reduced in comparison with known industrial and ham radio PL.
Power to the terminal stage and the displacement at the base of the transistor VT1 of the driving generator is supplied constantly. Ensuring minimum transients when operating the transmitter, this leads to a significant improvement in the quality of the radiated signal. A small capacitance of the capacitor in the circuit of manipulation and are constantly arriving at the base of VT1 bias voltage create favorable conditions for the fast excitation of the quartz resonator ZQ1 and generator, eliminating the shortening of the PL signal to make inconspicuous a forced frequency deviation when operating (transmitter works without the annoying "kakania").
Fig. 1. A circuit diagram of a homemade transmitter for "Fox" manipulation of the crystal oscillator circuit power
Fig. 2. Circuit Board with the printed conductors (a) and side parts installation (b)
The advantages of the development, proposed by me, there is a substantial reduction of current in the circuit manipulation PL. "Clochette" only I a of the transistor VT1, and not the entire transmitter. The voltage drop on the key transistor is reduced, but in one only, the master oscillator that makes the manipulation more economical and promising.
However, somewhat saddened by the current flowing through the voltage divider R1 — R2 in the absence of the transmitter signal. However, the magnitude of this current is insignificant, being a kind of fee for quick manipulation and improved the thermal stability of the cascade, besides the two-minute "pause" is possible, it appears to remove power from the transmitter with… training manipulators electronic control clock is well known to many radiosporten. And if a slight current here is spam, it is recommended to connect the top (see Fig. 1) the output of the resistor R1 with the "minus" chain of manipulation, disabling it from the "plus" of the power source. Unfortunately, we have to put up with a small decline in the quality of the manipulated signal PL.
Circuit manipulation can also include p-n-p type transistor KT816. Its emitter is thus connected to "plus" chain of manipulation (and therefore +Usup), collector — with a "minus" (for wiring diagram — right terminal of the inductor L1); a base — with the midpoint of the two-element voltage divider, one resistor with value not exceeding 1 kW, soldered between the base and the emitter of this semiconductor triode, and the second, the resistance of 1-100 ohms, between base and collector KT816 VT1.
The selection of the second (larger) resistor depends on the voltage VT1 is saturation key, and the mode of operation KT816, which should not only provide the operating current of the transistor oscillator, but not to go beyond the allowable current its base.
Setting a base KT816 on "building" the so-called capacitor RF decoupling, matching its capacity to effectively influence the shape of the manipulated pulses. Moreover— feed and manipulator, and the transmitter of the total battery.
Now about the features of the design. Schematic diagram of PL mounted on a printed circuit Board 120x30x1,5 mm of the bilateral foiled fiberglass (Fig. 2). The conductive copper layer from the system side parts preferably do not delete, let it serves as a screen against interference and radio interference. In places, designed to "electric transfer" to the corresponding printed contact pad and marked with a cross, set with a wire jumper or the findings of subsequent bilateral propanol. Holes that must be electrically isolated from non-remote copper layer of the screen, razzenkovyvajut from the setup details.
The resistors used in the transmitter, MLT-0,25. Capacitors, fixed — of a series of K10-7, KM, KT; "shells" is one section of the block KPE from any broadcast radio.
Quartz crystal (3579 kHz) is also not scarce, as high-frequency chokes L1 — L3 type DP-0,6 (each inductance of 60 µh). But the 1.4 coil is the output oscillating circuit homemade, frameless. Performed on the mandrel with a diameter of 14 mm (e.g., galvanic cell 316, or AA), it contains 58 turns ПЭВ2-0.43.
The winding length of 35 mm. And the coils subsequently spread, they fasten into a single unit by bonding to the PCB with molten wax (from candles).
In dense mounting (in one case) transmitter and a positioner are preferably separated from each other by a metal screen. However, it should be noted that during testing of the equipment no screens were used; the units of both devices were located two feet from each other. The results have been very encouraging.
The following experiment on the transfer-receiving call signs "Fox" was held in the conditions when each of the transistors PL had its own radiator for cooling and the power supply voltage was 12 V. But it soon became clear: the manipulator and the transmitter itself can do without any… radiators. Even with the "kluchevaya" power to the entire transmitter (Usup 15V!) temperature key transistor VT1 (КТ972 when basileios, electronic manipulations) did not exceed 50'C. Transistor VT2 was even colder. Although the transmitter worked on these tests two cycles for five hours, again — no failures (see table).
Test results transmitter
The official borders of Tyumen also participated in the experiment, estimating within the city limits the signal using connected equipment (antenna — outside sound from 7 to 9 points on the "decibel" scale). Estimated signals "foxes" and authoritative specialists using Amateur VHF repeater, and also on the city's VHF network. The results of the tests, as before, is good.
But the opinion of the regional station of young technicians. When testing in the city when the model PL worked on the G-shaped antenna with a length of 8 m, located on the roof of a two story wooden building, and the reception of signals "foxes" were out of line-of-sight (brick and concrete buildings) in the radio room on the 4th floor of Obsut, the audibility of the signal received by the direction finder "Wood is 3.5" (Patriotic) and "GREIF" (German), ranged 2 points. Mentioned frequency deviation, shortening of elements of marks, and loss of "points" in a call "MINE." And this is when the manipulation of the transmitter "Fox" STILL, the most common way.
With the transition to the NEW PL mode, most fully realized in the above structures, the power of the processed signal has increased to 4 points; "points" was perceived not less clearly than "dash", there is no frequency deviation was observed. That is, a home-made transmitter with keying of the crystal oscillator on the food chain have shown their potential.
V. BESEDIN, Tyumen
E. Sukhoverkhov. Automatic transmitter for sports radiodirection finding Search the Best design of the 29th and 30th exhibitions of creativity of radio fans/—M.: DOSAAF, 1984, p. 21-24.
Vladimir Besedin. "The Fox" program—the journal "modelist-Konstruktor", 2002.
B. Viktorov. Manipulators for training Lis — journal "modelist-Konstruktor", 2002.


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I cannot find a discuss on the spore pods. I am starting to wonder if they might be the source of the black goo and xenovirus. Since the blackgoo and xenovirus only affects "the meat", I am thinking that it could not have modified existing fauna or flora. Unless David made them as another carrier, like the eggs. Which could explain why the Neomorphs are fleshy, versus the the "engineered" Xenomorph. Sorry if this has been discussed on another thread.
mercury26, no, the pods are not the source of the black goo.
What do you mean by the term xenovirus? If I remember correctly David uses the word 'virus' to name the black goo. They mean the same.
David brings the goo to planet 4, he bombs the city, the goo kills directly but it can cause mutation as well.
According to David, the goo killed every animal species on the planet, flew everywhere in the air, had impact on eggs/ova, bug eggs are mentioned if I'm not mistaken, and these attacked Ledward and Lope's husband. So the word 'spore' is not a correct one since it is used together with plants and fungi.
Images/drawings by David showing insects/bugs can be seen in the movie, I think the eggs in question are from those bugs.
Please correct me if I am wrong.
it looked as if the pods were growing in the chrashed ship aswell i believe its what can mutate from the goo after sitting for to long on a planet. they seem to be closer to the ship or in its general area. and david said the black goo either kills you outright or uses u to incubate and form a xeno like creature hybrid.
This is what I thought too, and I'm surprised this isn't a bigger topic.
The black goo had to come from somewhere. Did the engineers harvest and process it from these spores? Or were these spores a result from David's genocide?
I guess the bigger question is how the engineers got a hold of it.
Both clumps of the spores were near water, im thinking that at one time these may have been eggs of something, bugs,birds, fish, or some alien creature.. but they were eggs originally. They mimic exactly what the face hugger eggs do just on a much smaller scale ...think about it, they act exactly the same, as far as how they interact with lifeforms, attack and attach nd then mutate or cause a life form to grow from within. until they were modified by the goo that was in the water source made contact with them.


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1 October, 2023 @ 7:00 pm - 2 October, 2023 @ 12:00 am
Join us in celebration of the UK's fastest growing Film Festival, the youngest ever BIFA qualifying and the only carbon negative festival in the world, for NEIFF 2023. The North East International Film Festival Closing Awards Gala will begin at 7pm in a stroll down our red carpet towards the gallery for welcome drinks, media and networking opportunities and musical entertainment.
After welcome drinks, guests will be taken down to the beautiful Biscuit Room where they will be seated for a three course artisan meal (with a choice of 2 dishes per course), locally bottled water provided by our drinks sponsors Northumbria Spring and a half bottle of table wine per guest (red or white).
Custom-made awards trophies sponsored by our partners, Northumbria University, will be presented to our winning filmmakers throughout the evening.
Very special guest host and entertainment to be announced. Tickets are limited.
This promises to be a truly unforgettable evening and we want to share it with you! Come and help us celebrate and honour some incredible international and local talent and put the North East filming industry back on the map!


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Online booking systems have multiplied over the last few years, giving health and fitness professionals the freedom to grow their business. In this step-by-step tutorial, we build an online booking website for a fictitious, in-person bootcamp; but this example could be utilized for wellness coaches, online trainers, group fitness instructors or personal trainers. The great thing about using this tutorial is that sessions can be set for both online or in-person classes and services.
The booking system used in this step-by-step tutorial is StartBooking. Having tried a handful of premium WordPress Plugins prior to finding StartBooking, Tyler Valencia guides you through the set up of a booking system that can be easily set up and managed by any individual. Tyler starts this tutorial by sharing why he believes this is a valuable booking system and then shares what you'll need to follow along.
One of the biggest benefits of using StartBooking is the ability to create packages for all your services. Many of the other booking systems claim to be applicable to gyms, fitness instructors or wellness coaches, but fall short when it comes to how packages are utilized. With StartBooking, you can create a package that members can select any of the services you offer. That means if you offer multiple formats such as HIIT, dance, cardio, or stretching, your members can pick and book whichever they choose.
For those looking to use StartBooking, this platform can be used as your business website or integrated with your WordPress website. It's a platform that can be branded with your logo and business colors, and offers a members log-in that is user friendly.
Get started with StartBooking – CLICK HERE.
Check out the KIPS Virtual Training Resources – CLICK HERE.
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4th of July Concert on the Green
2024 Concert Date: Thursday, July 4th
2024 Rain Date, Saturday, July 6th.
Presented by Madison Cultural Arts, Connecticut
2023 Maestro Sponsors
Anonymous Donor
2023 Premier Sponsors
2023 Gold Sponsors
Richard and Lisa Scheffler
William and Sharon Crain
Liz and Mark Daly
2023 Silver Sponsors
Dan and Judi Miglio
2023 Bronze Sponsors
William and Laura Downes
Gaylord Specialty Healthcare
Joan and Franklin Green
Laura Miller, DDS
Dr. John G. & Mrs. Suzanne M. Muller
Principle Wealth Partners
River Valley Periodontics & Implant Dentistry
Philip and Antoinette Ventre
Admission is Free!
Become a Supporter of the 4th of July Concert!
As a Patron you will receive reserved space on the Green, and special recognition in the concert program.
Children 12 and under accompanied by adults do not need passes.
More Information
Historic Madison Town Green
Madison Cultural Arts strives to build an appreciation of the arts throughout the town of Madison, CT and along the shoreline with the production of concerts and cultural events, such as the 4th of July Concert on the Green in Madison.
We invite you to bring chairs or blankets, a picnic dinner, decorate your spot, set up your space after 6:00am … learn more to know about our Do's and Dot's to make this day a great event!
Join the MCA Team!
We are in need of new people to join the team that each year creates this concert. If only five more people who love the concert would volunteer to help with the planning and execution of this event, its future would be secure. For almost four decades the Concert on the Green has been a Madison institution. If you love it, love meeting new people, and love supporting an event that helps make Madison the special place it is, please join us! It's a lot of work on the actual day of the concert, but there are only a few meetings during the rest of the year and most of the work is done via phone calls and emails. Please contact us by email below if you would like to join MCA!


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Don't give 'masala' to media: PM Modi asks BJP motormouths to keep quiet
New Delhi: Prime Minister Narendra Modi once again cautioned the BJP motormouths to keep quiet and not get carried away while making statements on "relevant issues".
He said that it should be left to the party spokesperson to comment on issues.
PM Modi was addressing BJP MPs and MLAs across India via video conferencing through the 'Narendra Modi App' on Sunday.
"Sometimes our workers blame the media. But have we ever thought that we provide 'masala' to media through our own mistakes? Whatever be the issue, we start speaking, as soon as we spot a camera," Modi told his partymen.
"Media is doing their job and ours is to do our work," he said.
"They'll (media) obviously use parts of your sentences as per their convenience. It isn't media which is at fault. We'll have to control ourselves. Only they must give statements who've been given responsibility to do so," he added.
Modi's advice comes in the wake of increased outrages over the infamous Kathua and Unnao rape cases which have taken the country by a storm.
Last year, the prime minister had lectured his partymen on how and when to keep quiet.
"Every time I switch on television, I see a BJP leader making one or the other statement. You need lessons on keeping quiet," a party functionary had quoted the PM as saying.


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For Our Future Statement on Congressional Passage of the Debt Ceiling Deal
Friday, June 2, 2023
WASHINGTON, D.C. – Today, in response to the U.S. Senate passing the debt ceiling bill, the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023, and sending it to President Biden's desk to be signed into law, For Our Future Executive Director Sky Gallegos issued the following statement.
"President Biden brokered a deal under the most difficult circumstances, averting a catastrophic default and recession that would have cost millions of jobs and serious harm to working families across our country. Through the process, he was able to protect health care, the economic progress we've made over the last two years, and his legislative accomplishments that are lowering costs, rebuilding our infrastructure, and creating jobs in the clean energy economy.
"While Republican extremists in Congress failed in their attempt to hold our economy hostage, they can't be let off the hook. For Our Future is committed to holding them accountable for their cruel and undying efforts to force drastic and damaging cuts to services relied upon by working families and the most vulnerable among us. We also remain steadfast in our locally-focused efforts to support the Biden Administration's agenda to increase shared economic prosperity, strengthen public education, strive for social and racial justice, and protect our environment."


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Lunu Crypto Pay
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About this app
Accept cryptocurrencies in your storefront and receive fiat currencies of your choice.
Lunu Crypto Pay offers a highly customizable crypto payment solution that empowers you to accept a wide range of popular cryptocurrencies from over 60 wallets directly on your Shopify store. This seamless integration comes at a minimal cost and eliminates any concerns related to exchange rate fluctuations, overpayments, or underpayments. With the convenience of an all-in-one platform for developing, managing, and processing cryptocurrency payments, accepting payments has never been easier.
- No risk of exchange rate fluctuations, over or underpayments and chargebacks
- Most popular cryptocurrencies like BTC, ETH, BNB, USDC, USDT, and more
- Enable Lunu Crypto Pay with few clicks without any coding experience
- Receive fiat currencies(EUR, USD, GBP.. etc) of your choice.
Free to install
Benefit from fees starting as low as 1%.
Free to install
Benefit from fees starting as low as 1%.
All charges are billed in USD.
No reviews
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Built by Lunu Solutions GmbH
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1 year building apps for the Shopify App Store
Am Bahnhof Westend 9-11, Berlin, 14059, DE


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Meridith Grundei
Perfection is highly overrated. It's time to start getting comfortably uncomfortable and start sharing your voice with the world!
Edward S. Rubin, M.D.
I specialize in the treatment of chronic pain of the low back and neck. At my practice I make sure to have all of my patients' backs in their daily fight against chronic pain.
Physicians Are Getting Their Asses Kicked
Drea Burbank, MD wonders what healthcare would – no, could – look like if physicians actually embraced technology.
What TV Medical Dramas Can Teach You About Being A Doctor
David Epstein, MD, addresses what TV medical dramas can offer us as to what it is like being a doctor, in their own special way.


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What is the User-Agent?
The User-Agent (UA) is an HTTP request header used to adapt the web page to the browser's specifications. When a web server gets a request for a web page from a client's browser, the browser will send a request header containing the user agent string. This will tell the server which browser type is on the other end. Before responding by sending the page, the web server will fine-tune the web page so the content will be adjusted for this specific browser type.
The user agent string for a Chrome request header could look something like this:
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36
When using Uptrends' Real User Monitoring a small script is added on the pages that you track with RUM. When your users access a web page with a RUM script, it'll record information on the browser, the platform it's running on, and its capabilities through the HTTP User-Agent request header. Once the page finishes loading, the script bundles the collected data with information about the visitor's browser and location and sends it to your Uptrends dashboard.
Why client hints and what is changing?
At the moment, Uptrends collects data about the user's browser, device operating systems, and versions via the user agent string. Google Chrome is now transitioning this string to User-Agent Client Hints (UA-CH) for all Chrome devices and Chromium-based browsers, including Microsoft Edge. With client hints, this info will be divided into smaller separate sections, no longer a lengthy string with data.
There are two reasons Google is doing this; it's a better way to safeguard the web visitor's privacy and a method to return the data in an easier-to-use format for developers.
How does this impact RUM monitoring?
Uptrends will be prepared for this change and will update the script accordingly. There will be no action required on the client side.
The information collected with the current user agent will be gradually reduced. This means that in the future there might be less accurate user information available for monitoring. As soon as this changes and our script settings need to be adapted on the client's side, we'll inform you accordingly.
As a start for more background information about this transition and the phases of the UA reduction with Chromium M101, look up User-Agent Reduction on The Chromium Projects.


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Which countries have command economy?
Table of Contents
- 1 Which countries have command economy?
- 2 Is Cuba a command or market economy?
- 3 How is the US a command economy?
- 4 What type of economy is in France?
- 5 What kind of country is Cuba?
- 6 How is Cuba an example of a command economy?
- 7 What type of economic system does Cuba have?
- 8 What is the difference between a command economy and a free market?
Which countries have command economy?
Command Economy Countries 2021
- Belarus.
- Cuba.
- Iran.
- Libya.
- North Korea.
- Russia.
Is France a command economy?
France has a mixed economic system which includes a variety of private freedom, combined with centralized economic planning and government regulation.
Is Cuba a command or market economy?
What kind of economy does Cuba have? Cuba has what's known as a command economy, where government decisions — not market forces of supply and demand — largely determines the production, availability and value of goods.
Is the US a command country?
The activity in a market economy is unplanned; it is not organized by any central authority but is determined by the supply and demand of goods and services. The United States, England, and Japan are all examples of market economies. China, North Korea, and the former Soviet Union are all examples of command economies.
How is the US a command economy?
In terms of consumer goods and business services, the United States economy operates as a free market. In terms of defense (and with regard to certain aspects of retirement benefits and medical care), it operates as a command economy.
Which country has characteristics of a command economy?
Examples of command economies today include North Korea, Iran, Libya, and Cuba. China was a command economy before turning to a mixed economy with both communist and capitalist ideals.
What type of economy is in France?
France operates a mixed economy that combines capitalist and socialist characteristics. Capitalism involves private ownership of capital and other means of production. Under socialism, the government directs economic activity and owns all or part of most industries.
Where is France on the economic spectrum?
France's economic freedom score is 65.7, making its economy the 64th freest in the 2021 Index.
What kind of country is Cuba?
Republic of Cuba República de Cuba (Spanish) | |
Religion (2020) | 58.9% Christianity 23.2% No religion 17.6% Folk religions 0.3% Others |
Demonym(s) | Cuban |
Government | Unitary Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic |
• First Secretary President | Miguel Díaz-Canel |
How does Cuba's command economy work?
Cuba's government consists of a one part communist state. These economies are called command economies, where supply and price are regulated by the government rather than market forces. Most of the means of production are owned and run by the government, and most of the labor force is employed by the state.
How is Cuba an example of a command economy?
Cuba's Economy The flag of Cuba. These economies are called command economies, where supply and price are regulated by the government rather than market forces. Most of the means of production are owned and run by the government, and most of the labor force is employed by the state.
What are some countries with a command economy?
Iran, Cuba, China and North Korea have command economies. In a command or planned economy, a central government authority formulates economic decisions, and the government implements each plan through legislation, directives and regulations. Suppressing free-market forces allows governments to reach specific societal objectives.
What type of economic system does Cuba have?
Economic Systems Cuba has a planned-socialist economy. Planned socialism was the economic system of the Soviet Union, the Soviet-bloc countries like East Germany (the German Democratic Republic), Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and Bulgaria prior to the fall of the Berlin Wall. Planned socialism was the economic system of Maoist China.
Is there a great leap forward for Cuba?
This kind of great leap forward was tried in Cuba during the mid to late 1960s. That did not go well, either. The second dimension is the decision-making and information structure. The decision-making and information structure is highly decentralized in a capitalist economy but highly centralized in a planned-socialist economy.
What is the difference between a command economy and a free market?
In many nations around the world, including the United States, an economic system known as the free market is used. This means that prices are determined by supply and demand with little control by the government. On the flip side, some nations have a command economy.


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We have seen a significant amount of devices (~10%) that fail to upgrade. While it is possible that it is a network problem for some of them, even some of the devices in our test setup fail to upgrade. Some of these versions are running on a version with a known bug, so customers are complaining.
How do we go about resolving this?