text:
Speaker Key:
AL Andrew Leigh
NN Nyadol Nyuon
NN And I think part of the reason why I had so much anger was that I had created an unrealistic, but comfortable, dream that, because of what I had gone through, that somehow I was going to be cut a slack by life at some point. But it won't. The future is still as uncertain and as full of potentials of beauty and ugly and pain for me as for anybody else.
AL Welcome to The Good Life: Andrew Leigh in Conversation, a podcast about living a happy, healthy, and ethical life. In this podcast, we seek out wise men and women who have lessons to teach us about living life to the full, with humour, pleasure, meaning and love. We'll chat will musicians and athletes, CEOs and carers, about making the most of this one precious life. If you like this podcast, do take a moment to tell your friends or give us a rating. Now, sit back, and enjoy the conversation.
Nyadol Nyuon was born in a refugee camp in Ethiopia, and grew up in another refugee camp in Kenya. She came to Australia as an 18-year-old, and has quickly become embroiled in the conversation over racism in Australia and the role of African Australians in building the nation. She's been a regular panellist on The Drum and Q+A, received a slew of awards, and is about to shift from being a commercial lawyer into heading the Zelman Cowan Centre at Victoria University.
She is perhaps one of the youngest guests I have had on The Good Life podcast, and it's a real honour to be speaking with her today. Nyadol, welcome to The Good Life podcast.
NN Thank you very much. Thank you. I'm really happy to be here.
AL You're the daughter of a very famous father, Commander William Nyuon Bany. Tell us about him.
NN That's the strange part. I don't know much about him. Most of the stuff I know about my father, I heard second hand. Because of the role he played in the South Sudanese and the Sudanese political movements, both military as well the more conventional politics, he was always absent. So I never got to see him much. I think I have only one recollection of ever interacting with him. I won't say I know much of him.
But there's quite a lot of history about what he has done. He was a founding member of what is called the SPLM, which is the South Sudanese People Liberation Movement, as well as army. They started off with the idea of fighting against the government of Sudan at the time, which was predominantly in the north, and that, with years of civil war, ended up being a fight to have an independent south.
That happened in 2011 where, by referendum, the country that was Sudan split into two and South Sudan became independent. And so the political movement, as well as the SPLM wing of it, then was transformed to the National Army of South Sudan and the political wing became the political party, which is still currently in government.
AL And because of the fighting, your mother and father were, at the time of your birth, living in Ethiopia in a refugee camp in Itang. What do you remember about Ethiopia?
NN I don't have a lot of memories of Itang, which is the refugee camp I was born in. My mother was there, but I think my father visited. Because at some point, Itang was an army base of some sort as well, because it so closely bordered South Sudan. I don't have much memory. The core memory I have is of being displaced from Itang in about 1991. I have snippets of memory of walking through very rainy and muddy fields. We walked back to Sudan after being displaced from Ethiopia.
And also an incident of… I recall my mother crying at the top of her lungs, because she had thought one of my siblings has passed away. Those were the first memories I have of Itang. And then after that, I ended up in Kakuma refugee camp with extended family members. Didn't get to see my mother much until… I think I saw her once after 1996, when the news came in that my father was killed. And then once more in late 90s, and then started living with her in the early 2000s.
That's when she applied for resettlement to Australia, and very luckily we were resettled through the humanitarian programme.
AL I want to ask you about the passing of your father in a moment, but first of all, paint us a picture of what life was like in Kakuma. It's the second biggest refugee camp in Kenya after Dadaab. What was it like to grow up there? Because you were there from being a four-year-old, all the way through until your late teenage years.
NN I spent most of my childhood. I started my primary school in Kakuma at a school called Ngundeng Primary School, named after a very old Nuer prophet. In fact, recently I've been thinking more and more of wanting to go back and seeing Ngundeng Primary School, if it's still there. I also did all of my secondary studies, which is four years of secondary studies, in Kenya, in Kakuma.
I was in a way, even in the midst of all that, in a sense privileged, because I did spend some time in Nairobi, the capital, because my father could afford to. And then when he got killed, that meant that the family had to relocate back to the camps.
Kakuma started off almost as nothing, really. It's located in a very, very dry area of Kenya, almost a semi-desert. There was no running water when I was there, and there's no electricity. Everything was rationed. I remember we used to collect water, clean water, drinking water, twice a day from a central tap. And the fights that would occur on that, as people try to get clean drinking waters for their families. And we had food rations provided every fortnightly.
I think there was one main hospital for nearly 80 000 people or more. It was not rare to hear that someone has gone to the hospital because of malaria and never come out, or a scorpion bite. It was a very tough place to be, but I have to say it didn't feel as tough, because I knew nothing else, in a way. I think it will be harder for me now if I had to go and live in Kakuma after almost 16, 17 years of being in Australia.
But at the time it was all I knew. It was all I knew and I could also see that in that environment, how privileged I was in the sense that, even when my father was dead, I had a mother. Some people had no parents. I remember seeing young boys, both their mum or dad weren't there, trying to cook for themself in extraordinary heat of Kakuma. And I had a mum who was able to buy me at least one outfit every year for Christmas.
And sometimes she had enough money to buy us meat to eat in our stew. Because the UN never provided meat or any of… Or vegetables. We only had lentils. So I could see the level of privilege I had. I remember one time, Mum buying me a bicycle, so that I could ride to school, because it took me about an hour or so just one way to get to school every day. In a way, yes, it was tough, but I also can see how lucky and privileged I was, by what I was able to access, even in there.
AL I think most of us have an image in our heads of a refugee camp as being a temporary place, but as you say, Kakuma's become very established. It was only a few thousand people when you began there. Now it's tens of thousands of people, and a whole range of established schools and so on. The life for people in a camp like that, I guess, can be more stable than we sometimes associate with a refugee camp.
NN They can, they can, and I think they can be more permanent than perhaps if there were internally displaced in their own homes. But there are definitely still very difficult lives. But I think what that says more and more is how long it's taking now for conflict to be resolved. And as a result, we're producing more refugees than people being able to return to their countries or be taken up on the opportunity to be resettled to countries willing to take them.
It is in some ways, there's a sad bit of it. I still find it's really sad when I think of some of my friends who are still in the camps, or people that I knew that are still in the camp. Because I can see the massive difference between my life and theirs, simply because of the lack of being located in Australia.
AL Did you feel safe in Kakuma?
NN No. There was a consistent… I think that's one of things that is quite prevalent in a camp. There was a consistent, unrelenting feeling of being in some sort of a threat. Even just going to collect the water. Because for example, the tap water that we got was only a few jerry cans, and so you did not use it to for example wash your clothes or things like that. You saved it up for drinking and for cooking, or more important stuff.
And so you had to go to the local stream to fetch water, and that involved digging into the sand as deep as you can until you find water in the dry riverbeds, and then fetch that water. Sometimes you go there and you'll be harassed by the local communities there, there's a risk of being sexually assaulted or even risk of digging a hole deep enough and being buried in it by the sand. The risks where everywhere, and there was also the chance that the hospital couldn't cope. If you get sick, the chances of dying were so high.
And the food, the food was just not enough. I remember the last few days as you wait for that, the next ration, just so hard. In a way to make the food last longer, we would have this, don't know what to call it, actually. It's this mixture of corn with salt and sugar, so that you have that as your lunch and you could have the lentils and something else in the evenings. It was a precarious life.
AL Your father had multiple wives. I understand for much of your time in Kakuma, you weren't living with your mum, but with one of your stepmothers.
NN Culturally among the Nuer… A practice among the Nuer and the Dinka is that you could… Literally, a man could marry as many wives as he want, provided I suppose he had the status and the money to do so. Gladly for me, that's a practice that is dying and I hope will be completely dead at some point. That meant that I had a lot of step-siblings and a lot of stepmothers that were willing to look after me for a long period of time when my mum was not around.
And that's how I literally grew up. I grew up with a separate stepmother in Kenya, and then another one in Kakuma, and then another one. And I still have relationships with them. I still know them, and some of them are some of my favourite people in the world.
AL But not all of them treated you well, did they?
NN No, no. Until quite recently, I suppose, quite recently, I've never really thought about the level of trauma that… That came naturally from being displaced anyway by war, but also the trauma of what other people put you through. When I lived in Kenya with one of the step mums, I remember constant beatings. And these were not just sort of smack, they were proper beatings. But it wasn't her alone. There were also, in the house, there was two other men in the house.
One was there to fix some cars and some buses, so if she didn't feel like beating us, she would get him to do it for her. I remember canings that would last for so long that you would cry until you lost your voice. And being locked in rooms without food for days, and having to eat leftovers. And also having nobody who noticed when things were really wrong.
I remember being once so sick and lying days and days on the bed. I think I was six or seven years. I was so weak, I couldn't even get up to go to the bathroom and I'll pee on myself and things like that, and nobody even noticed that you were that sick. But in a way, I think my mind found a place to put them all, and it hasn't been… Genuinely, it hasn't been a challenge in terms of confronting those traumas until very, very recently.
And in fact, I probably started speaking about them more publically in the last few years, because a lot of the time, I think there was a level of maybe shame, or feeling a sense of being damaged or things like that. In a way, I'm still working through this as I speak to you, and I try to tell myself that it's actually a lucky thing… Not that suffering is good, or is necessary, but that I have the opportunity to explore what healing can look like.
And for a country and a people, like my people I suppose, like my mother, people would have gone through trauma all of their life and died with trauma. And they will have never had the opportunity to come to a country that afforded them such a long time of stability and comfort, that you begin to feel safe enough to explore the parts of you that were broken, and explore how they can heal.
Because to me, in my experience, it almost feels as if sadly even the ability to have an opportunity to heal is a luxury to some degree. And you don't get to do it if you still have to survive and still are in a refugee camp and still have to run from the enemy and all that.
AL It's an admirable reconceptualising of it. But the experience does remind me of Desmond Tutu's line about the depths of apartheid, where he imagined whispering in God's ear, God, we know You're in charge. Why don't You make it slightly more obvious? You endured so much through that period. And then you had the news that your father had died in 1996. And he was killed, as I understand it, by another faction within the Sudan People's Liberation Army.
NN Yes, yes.
AL How did that news reach you, given that he hadn't been in your life for much of your childhood?
NN I remember we were in Nairobi at the time, and I remember the stepmother coming in and she was crying so loudly, and screaming and complete distraught. I wondered what had happened, because I'd never seen her in that state before. And then the next things was, all my dad's pictures were being removed from the wall. And within a few hours, our house was crowded with people.
I think it was the second day or so, where we were sat down and we were told something along the line that your father is not coming back. To be honest, it didn't really… I didn't have an emotional register on how you're supposed to respond, so I did what everybody was doing, which was crying.
But I didn't… I knew it was a bad thing, but I didn't know what [unclear] that meant. But our live did change significantly after that. That's when we had to move back to the camp, because nobody could afford to let us live in Nairobi, nobody could pay the school fees, so things became really real, really quickly.
AL And your mum then came back into your life. It must have been a real joy to reunite with her, I imagine.
NN Yes, I think in a way I laugh, partly because maybe it's a form of coping with the reality of what seemed so unfamiliar. I remember when my mum turned up, we were about an hour away from Kakuma in a place called Lodwar. She was wearing, she was in all black, because when your husband die, you wear all black with no earrings or no decorations of things like that for a while. So she was really, she looked like a ghost. She was so skinny and…
But I remember her hugging me and I end up writing about it in a piece that explore my mother, my grandmother and myself, the generational relationship and the impact of war on those relationships. I just stood there, as if not knowing what was a proper way of responding to your crying mum. She was on her knees and hugging me and crying. I stood there like a tree trunk and I didn't know necessarily what to do.
And then, typical I think in some ways, or maybe atypical, I think soon after we ended up having a fight, because she was trying to get me to read and I couldn't read properly. And she was always such a committed person to education. She thought education was going to get you out of any situation, so she always wanted us to perform well academically.
AL How did your mum come about to apply for refugee status to Australia? Because a lot of your siblings and half-siblings moved to the United States. What made your mum choose Australia?
NN My mum brother had moved to the United States, and he didn't like the United States. He didn't think that it was a good place to raise family. He was in a position to be able to sponsor us to go to the United States, but he then suggested that one of the other distant family members here sponsor us, because he thought Australia was much better. That's how we ended up being sponsored to come to Australia.
Mum at that point… When my father died, I think it became obvious to my mum there was nobody who was going to look after me, because I suppose the relationship that anchor why others looked after me was because it was under the umbrella that my father was responsible for the families. And so she came looking for me, and then she found that I was already doing well in my studies in Kenya, so she decided then perhaps it was better to move the rest of the siblings, my other siblings, from Ethiopia to Kenya instead of moving me.
I think her initial plan was taking me back to Ethiopia. And we were going to live in Ethiopia but then she went and brought the rest of the family members, and then we went back to Kakuma, and from there, then applied for resettlement to Australia.
AL When you landed in Melbourne, you were 18 years old. I guess you'd have pretty vivid memories of it. What were your first impressions of the place?
NN I thought it was the most beautiful, clean place I'd ever seen in my life. I remember driving out of the Tullamarine Airport… But even as the plane descended, and seeing all these lights. It felt as if the world had been turned upside down. There was this carpet of stars everywhere and we landed at Melbourne Airport, and I was so excited to finally be somewhere where I could…
My first goal was, I was going to school and I was going to try to get to uni and those were all the thoughts I had. I also thought I was going to have my own bedroom, but then I had to share with my siblings and all that. But it was… I had these very large expectations and dreams and hopes, and I thought everything was now going to be fine in a way. And it was, for a long time.
AL There's a lot of conflict in refugee policy, but one of the interesting things that almost everyone seems to agree on is that Australia does refugee resettlement really well. But your experience wasn't perfect, I assume. How do you think we can do refugee resettlement better? What was it about your settling in or your school experience where you thought perhaps that the system could have responded better to someone of your talents?
NN I don't know necessarily about someone of my talent. I think just the fact that I think sometimes in response to refugees, we can have blanket policies about how they will integrate. And I think people come… People are refugees and they share similar experiences of displacement, but they also have different talents and different skills, and so I think that part of… Part of the problem when we came here…
Initially, because we were sponsored by a family member, it also meant that we didn't get a lot of help. But the assumption was that if you're sponsored by a family member, then they take on the settlement process for you, with assistance of some settlement processes, but you don't get the same one as if you were brought in on a government place.
AL Okay.
NN And I think that made a huge difference for us, because within two weeks of arriving here, we had to find our home with very little help. I literally walked into a school to try to enrol myself, without… We had to find everything out for ourself, including where the local shopping centre was. I think perhaps if that difference didn't exist, we'd have got much more support in place which we didn't, because the other thing is as well, even the person who sponsored us was in a way new in the country themselves, so they really couldn't help us as much.
And then the blank policies that I came across. An example was, there was this policy in my school that if you've not been here for more than seven years, you couldn't do certain subjects. I couldn't do English literature, for example. There was an assumption that I had ESL. Well, actually, there was an expectation that I will do ESL and I will do all this other simpler subjects. Because I think in their mind, the assumption was that your education was disrupted and so…
But in fact, my education wasn't disrupted. I went through primary school in the refugee camp and I went through secondary school, so I was actually in school most of the time. And as a result as well, I went through a schooling system that was predominantly or wholly in English, because Kenya was colonised by the British, so the language of instruction was English.
Treating someone like that as similar to someone who came from an Arabic-speaking background, it's quite different. And I think teachers just did not have the resources to be able to cater for those differences. It was easier to put us in one class and deal with us there. And I think that really has a lot of impact.
Because I do have friends, I have a friend who ended up becoming a medical doctor and going to both Oxford and Harvard. And he was told he couldn't do Math methods, or couldn't do that. I have a friend who graduated from Melbourne University in a Masters of Public Health who was told the same. I have a friend who works as a pharmacist. She was told she couldn't do all these subjects.
And similarly, I don't think had I accepted the standard that I think was being suggested to me, I would have not felt confident to have applied to uni or have applied to law school. So it's not only my experience. This is the experiences of a large group of people. I think it comes from a good intention, a place of good intention, wanting to help.
But I think it misses the fact that even in the similarities that we bring as refugees, we're also different individuals, with different talents and different ability. And deserve that in school, deserve for that to be seen in school and our workplaces and the rest.
AL That's really interesting. Did you experience much racism in those years?
NN Yes, I did. Being called names, a lot of bullying that was specific racist bullying. But also gradually becoming aware of the political discourses where… The media discourse about people who look like me and the narrative about the Sudanese gangs which were beginning to emerge as early as 2007, merely because Sudanese kids were hanging out in groups. Which is a cultural thing, more than a gang thing. Even if you go to Juba, you'll find people sitting under trees drinking tea, or eating and just chatting in groups.
But that was not something seen at the places I was living in, so I was beginning to realise that perhaps the vision I had of, this is home now and all that wasn't necessarily going to play out in the way I thought it would.
And I think some of the most significant event was when this young boy called Liam, we used to play basketball together in Springvale. When he was essentially bashed to near death by two young men who were saying things like they want to take back their towns, their town is being turned into the Bronx. Very much adapting the kind of language that was being used in the media about people who look like me. This very talented young boy ended up on life support, and his family had to turn off his life support.
I think it was such a difficult thing to accept that it could happen here. And also the then Immigration Minister then blaming the African communities for his death and saying that Australia was going to reduce the intake of Africans by a certain percentage, because we were failing to integrate.
It was beginning to feel a bit, you were beginning to feel different and then more and more conversation about un-Australian-ness, and this is un-Australian. And you're constantly thinking, are they talking about me? It was really… And I think it was also happening, all of that were also happening when you were trying to find a sense of self as a young person, my late teens to my early 20s.
AL There is that famous moment in 2018 when then Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton said that, because of African gang violence, Victorians were scared to go out in restaurants. You chose to take quite a public stance and speak out. What made you step up?
NN I don't know, to be honest. I think maybe part of me was tired. I was tired of hearing these stories about who we were supposed to be. And I knew all these members of my community that were working so hard.
Even as we speak now, there are women who have left their families here in Melbourne to go and work two, three jobs at Alice Spring to be able to provide for their kids. There are young Sudanese kids working in McDonald's and working at Safeway. They are what we now calling essential workers. They're young people just trying to do their best.
And I got frustrated with… This was single story that was being told about a whole group of us that were just trying to live the best life we can and make something out of our new home. And it felt unfair that the conduct of a few… A few, but definitely a few that needed to be dealt with. But the conduct of a few was being used as the ground on which to paint us as not only incapable of being citizens of this country, but that it was a mistake for us to have been brought here in the first place. And I think there is a part of it that felt just enough.
And then the other thing, I think at that time I'd had my first child. And I knew that the arguments I made for myself, or the doubts that I had about myself and my place, were going to be even far more difficult for her. She's born here, she grows up here, and I think for her and most of young black kids that grow up here, thinks themselves Australian until they discover at some point in their life that there also black. And that means something.
And I think I knew that my daughter future might be in this country, and perhaps there was a sense of responsibility that you try and make it better for her in some ways. And for the young people like them in some ways, so that by the time they grow up, there is a space for them in this nation's perception of who it think it is. There's a space for them, and a legitimate space for them, to feel part of this country and be proud of it. In a true sense, be proud to say I'm an Australian.
For me, I know for example if my daughter grow ups and she wants to represent Australia, it would seem so natural to me that that's what she wanted to do. It felt as though accepting that this is home for now and trying to participate in making it better. But also trying to finally perhaps in a way mature and accept that belonging is both a sense of being welcome and a sense of, and I want to use this word carefully, claiming.
Waiting for someone like Peter Dutton or the people that take that position, for them to define a more inclusive Australia, I think it's a waste of time. It's more of you have to turn up and say to the like of Dutton's and people who think like him, I am equally as Australian as you are, equally as entitled to a voice as you do, equally entitled to the benefit. But also conscious of the responsibilities that I hold to that country. And I am no longer asking for your permission to participate in public debate. I hope that makes sense.
AL Yes, it certainly does. And your discussion about the impact of having a child reminds me of a really fascinating passage in Nikole Hannah-Jones's book, The 1619 Project, where she talks about that moment where so many African American families feel they need to sit their child down and say, you live in a racist society.
And particularly the warnings that African American parents will give to their sons about how to behave if they're stopped by the police. Move slowly, make sure you show your hands at all times, don't suddenly reach for your mobile phone. Conversations that they feel angry to have to have, because they know that around the country, white Americans are not having the same conversation with their children. I think it's really interesting how that experience of your children shapes the way in which you behave.
NN That is quite true. Those comments make me reflect about the conversations I've also had. I've told my brothers not to wear hoodies. I've told them even in the midst of the African gang narrative not to walk in groups. Because they are really tall, dark guys, and because I'm afraid of what people are going to think. And because at that time, there were neo-Nazi group that were threatening to walk around hunting down people of this African gangs and which was a very broad definition of who falls into that category.
And that was not to me a fanciful fear, because Liam was a boy that was picked out by two young men looking for a black man to kill. That black man could have been any of my brothers. Could have been any black man on that day, or black whatever on that day walking on those streets. There was that fear and that conversation that you're having. I'm having those conversations with my daughter. She's not even five.
She came to me the other day, a few months ago, and she kept having this conversation. I want to have a party for brown people. And I said, why would you want to have a party for brown people? What if your other friends want to attend? And she won't tell me. She said, I just want a party for brown people. Eventually she comes to me one Saturday morning and says, Mum, at childcare they're going to have a party and only white people are invited. And so it made me realise, that's why she wants a brown party, because she was already…
And I didn't know how to have that conversation with her. I still don't know how to have that conversation with her. It's a different reality to face.
AL Yes, children's conception of race is so fascinating. We spent a month in America in 2008, just as our eldest son was one year old. After we'd been there a few weeks, he began, every time he saw an African American man on the street, to say, Obama, Obama. Which I guess was a good thing, but I'm not really quite sure.
I want to go to some of the positives and negatives of you speaking out. The law firm that you currently work at, Arnold Bloch Leibler, I understand was terrifically supportive. And then on the flip side, you had the hate that poured out through social media. Tell us about those two sides of what you experienced.
NN I'm quite aware, and even looking back right now, I'm quite aware of how much courage Arnold Bloch Leibler had to allow… Even when I left the firm early last year, I was still a junior lawyer. To allow someone who's relatively junior to have such a public voice… Because I think inherently that come with risks and understandably, business don't want to risk their reputations. They were quite… I never was sat down and told, you couldn't say this or you couldn't say that, or this would be problematic.
I said what I needed to say as honestly as I felt needed to be said and I knew my job wasn't threatened. Which I think it's a very big thing. Especially if you come to this country with no money whatsoever. With no coin to your name and you're trying to… Literally, what you work for every month is everything you have. And so it was good to have that.
And even when the abuse became too much, and there were times even, people would try call through work. They put in systems in place to protect me. Systems like not having phones directly come to me, and someone having them vetted. They didn't have to do that. I'm quite aware that if it wasn't for the support that I had at Arnold Bloch, that I would have never been able to do the public advocacy that I did, because much of it, easily 99% of it, is unpaid.
And there are times when, in fact, I took up my own personal leaves and things like that to go and do this work, because it felt important, or you felt compelled to do it. So I'm always grateful for that, and I'm always grateful for the fact that I didn't have that additional pressure that I was going to lose my job. And I didn't have the pressure to change who I was or what I stood for, and to try to become somebody I wasn't. I think that was such a safe space to learn and to challenge things.
That was fine, and I think the trolling and abuse and all that, I've kind of got to a point where most of the time I really don't care anymore. I tried to block them as fast as I can. I try not to engage. Sometimes I fall over myself and I do engage, which is always a bad thing, I'm coming to find out. But I think the more I've been in what is called this public space or commenting, or having what people will call a profile, the more you realise that anything you say has the potential to offend somebody.
AL Yes.
NN So I try to engage with things as honestly as I can. I try to understand or read up on things or try and not speak about things I don't know. But that will never protect you from someone who wants to take an issue. And so the choice is really in the end is whether you take the positive and the negative of being in a public space to whatever degree, or whether you step away.
And those two options are things that almost every time something at least that seemed major in my life happened, I think I re-evaluate, is it time to step away, is it time to step back, is it time to… Do you keep going? Is it even useful anymore? What is the personal cost in terms of your ability to be present for your own kids and for yourself? What else are you sacrificing by being in this spaces? How sustainable is it? These are ongoing conversations.
Particularly because I think most of those public roles are things that I'm not doing in a formal role, so it's not like I'm a presenter for a show or I'm an MP. It's a weird space, because those are things I do in my addition to my work. I hope that makes sense.
AL Yes, absolutely. You're going to be stepping at the end of January into a role as the Director of the Zelman Cowen Centre at Victoria University. What do you want to do in that role?
NN In a way, the specialisation of the Centre is around the issue of law and cultural diversity, and then the core idea is to be able to connect community to the law, but also connect the law to communities. And so running projects and programmes. So research that supports that.
In a way, I look at it as another way of giving Australian multiculturalism meaning by providing community members knowledge about the law. Because I think law is such a huge part of integrating into a society. But can be one of the most complex systems to navigate and to understand.
I'm hoping that the Centre can continue to do that work in terms of delivering projects for communities working in collaboration with the legal sector, the courts, the tribunals and lawyers and others to see how they can bring their skills. Or learn more about the communities that they work with and also supporting research in this space about what legally Australia can look like as a multi-cultural society. And what are the emerging questions and issues that we need to address as a country that grows more and more and more diverse with time.
It's definitely a step up for me and I'm excited, but I'm also cautiously… I'm also a bit scared, because I'm hoping that I do a good job of it.
AL Final questions. Nyadol, what advice would you give to your teenaged self?
NN Oh, yes. I would… Some advice my late sister gave me, be kind to yourself. Or as I read more recently from John O'Donnell, be excessively kind to yourself. I think that would be the advice. I try to push myself really hard, and I try to get things done to the best standards that I can. And I think being kind to yourself is as important as how hard you try and push yourself in those things that you're passionate or care about.
AL What's something you used to believe but no longer do?
NN I think in my younger years, I used to believe that there was a nice, neat answer to everything. And that I suppose moral choices were very clear. And I think the more I grow up and the more I face life, and sometimes life failures in their different ways. For example, going through a divorce and becoming a single mum of two kids, and all the cultural issues that that raised at different levels for myself, for my family.
And the way that you fail that makes you realise that life is far, particularly when it matters, it's far, far more complex. And sometimes there is no answer except learning how to balance the grey, the ugly, messy, grey. And also perhaps understanding that as from a distance as frightening as that might sound, that there is also plenty of joy and peace in it. The struggle of not trying to find a precise way to solve a problem or the precise moral stand as opposed to take on this thing.
I'm hoping that I get to learn more of that, of life, and embrace both the difficulties and the challenge.
And I think the other one I learnt is that, until we're dead, your life doesn't give any of us a break merely because we've suffered before. I remember carrying this tremendous anger, all-consuming anger, of the news… In a very selfish way when the news of my sister came, that she died in a car accident, I remember asking, what else does God want? You've been through a refugee camp, you've suffered your share of suffering, and then this. What more do you really want?
And I think part of the reason why I had so much anger was that I had created an unrealistic, but comfortable, dream that because of what I have gone through, that somehow I was going to be cut a slack by life at some point.
But it won't. There are… The future is still as uncertain and as full of potentials of beauty and ugly and pain for me as for anybody else. So I think, not being okay with it, but at least accepting that reality of what you can't control and… I don't know if that makes sense.
AL Certainly does, certainly does. When are you most happy?
NN Reading.
AL Fiction or non-fiction?
NN I don't read a lot of fiction. I prefer non-fiction.
AL What are you reading at the moment?
NN I'm reading Starter's Gain [?]. I've just finished a book called Where Reason Ends, which was really interesting and captivating, but I could not pin down why. Perhaps it was because it felt as though it took you on a journey that you didn't know how it was going to end and so you kept reading to find out how it ends, and then you never really find out how it ends. I just completed reading that. And I'm also reading, I think it's called… It's Michael Lewis and he's… The Pandemic?
AL Oh, yes, Fifth Risk.
NN Yes. And then I always have on the side of my bed, Senegal [?] Letters. I've always find sometimes can be a good way to start your morning instead of reaching for your phone.
AL What's the most important thing you do you in your life to stay mentally and physically healthy?
NN Exercising. I try to at least do a run or a hike. I like really long walks, so if I had the time, I probably would do an average about one hour or two hours walk a day. I'm trying to commit now to running at least 10 km every week. And that's because I realise sometimes I overdo things. I used to try to run a lot and I was getting sick instead of feeling better, because I think I was over-exercising.
But I think exercising and going for runs, or going for walks or being in nature are… I always find that I relax. My kids and I got an opportunity recently through a friend to go to Sandy Point, this beautiful part of Victoria, and we were in the water for days. It was really good. It was really, really good. So yes, that's good for me.
AL Do you have any guilty pleasures?
NN Yes, I do. My guilty pleasure…
AL I'm so pleased to hear it.
NN My guilty pleasure is fashion. I like looking at really good… I like looking at good clothes and good shoes. That's my guilty pleasure.
AL Do you have favourite designers?
NN No, I don't, because all my favourite designers, I can't afford them. So I can admire them from far.
AL Who do you like admiring? What styles do you like admiring the most?
NN In terms of fashion, I would say a bit of… I think the more affordable range of Karen Millen. And that's the one I go to most of the time. But I would scroll. Sometimes when I feel that my brain is not capable of reading, paying attention or too tired to go for a walk, and I know that social media [unclear] is probably not the right place, I'll just scroll and look at how people put together their different outfits and then it gives you an idea about… Like I say, I can't afford my favourite designers, so it gives you an idea of where to get cheaper alternatives.
AL How to put it together, yes.
NN So that's how I spend some of my time.
AL Finally, Nyadol, which person or which experience has most shaped your view of living an ethical life?
NN I think in terms of literature, I'd have to say probably James Baldwin. I think he has such a unique way of getting to the heart of the issues of race, and how they influence our society. I have just started… I mean, I used to watch, all of us know about Martin Luther King and I used to watch videos of him on YouTube. But I've started reading some of his work, and it's astonishing how modern and relevant they were.
When I was preparing for my Press Club speech, I actually read his book Chaos or Community? It was comforting in the way that it gives you this answers and a way of thinking about life and those deeper questions. There is a part of it that talks about black power movement, and how that made me review some of the sharper edges of my own views about race and race relations. And why, in the way that we communicate about that, even towards people that might not have the best intention for us must still have a sense of humanity in it.
And how hard that is to do. There is a part in my Press Club speech that I come to, that I talk about the economic issues and how they influence perceptions of migrants and all that. And I have to say that's a place that I felt I have to really work to get to emotionally. Because until that point, I've always dismissed people like that as just racist, that I don't want to engage with. But then actually taking a step back and thinking, well, even if I accepted their racism, there are people I really don't like.
Whichever world you envision, as a progressive or whatever person you are, must include people like that. Will include people like that, so you have to have the vision and an approach that somehow maintains the dignity in that world.
Unless you are going to engage in a process of some sort of genocide of mass displacement, we have to live with each other. Whether I like you or I hate you, and I have to find a way of… For myself at least, I have to find a way of living with those people and in these spaces, and in restaurants or whatever. Trying to find a way of valuing their humanity as well.
And I think that's a really… I've found that's a really hard position to maintain, especially in social media spaces. Because we are being… And I think maybe in my earlier advocacy, I played into that role. We're being constantly asked to take positions. You must be able to take a position, even if that position lacks the necessary nuance to take us as far as we want to go.
AL Yes. And I think one of the lovely things about Baldwin, too, is that he is not only writing about the African American experience, but also about the gay experience in the 1950s and 1960s, at a time when people like Malcolm X are not particularly tolerant of gay and lesbian people in society. So Baldwin's ability to grab both of those issues at the same time, I find really fascinating. Yes, that's…
NN I mean, he…
AL It's a really…
NN Have you, if you watched a documentary called I Am Not Your Negro, which actually there's this part where Baldwin mourns for Malcolm X. And also in his essays, there's an essay he writes called Smaller Than Life. It's a reflection. It's basically a review of a biography of Douglass Frederick. And he talks about this last paragraph, about the mistake in his view that the biographer did was to sanctify and to make a saint of Frederick Douglass, and the idea that human relations of all nature requires a level of honesty and insight.
I think that was quite fascinating, because you interact with those perceptions, at least in my experience, even currently where people think that they can't criticise… Or I can't, or we can't criticise or have internal criticism of our own cultural practices, because we're already in a minority. But that doesn't exempt us from human error. I can experience racism at a time, but I can also use my urgency to harm somebody else and to fail as a human being.
I'm not confined to a particular thing because I happen to be a minority and experience disadvantage or discrimination. I think that was fascinating to me, because that's actually what it means to afford someone their whole humanity, you know? Not the successful immigrant or the failing immigrant, but the broad spectrum of experiences that come of being a human being.
AL Absolutely. Nyadol Nyuon, I've really enjoyed our conversation today. Thank you so much for taking the time to share your wisdom on The Good Life podcast.
NN Thank you so much for inviting me. Thank you.
AL Thanks for listening to this week's episode of The Good Life: Andrew Leigh in Conversation. If you enjoyed this week's conversation, I reckon you'll love past episodes, with Linda Burney, Tim Soutphommasane, and Jihad Dib. If you like this podcast, please take a moment to tell one of your friends, or put a comment on social media. It really helps others find the podcast.
Next week, we'll be back with another inspiring guest to discuss living a happier, healthier, and more ethical life.


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Police investigating reports of two men taking pictures of children in Mostyn
Police have confirmed they are investigating an incident involving two men acting suspiciously on Wednesday in the Rhewl area of Mostyn.
The incident took place at 4.30pm on Wirral View.
A police spokesperson said: "We had a call at 5.50pm on Wednesday from a resident on Wirral View saying that at 4.30pm two men in a silver Vauxhall Astra appeared to be behaving suspiciously and taking pictures of children playing.
No one was harmed and no contact was made with the children.
The vehicle drove off in the direction of Mostyn."
Police made door to door enquires in the area following the incident.
A warning by a local resident to parents was circulated on Facebook last night, it said:
"Mums and Dads please be careful we've had the police at our door tonight to see if we had seen anything.
Earlier today two men in a silver Vauxhall (possibly Astra) have been caught taking pictures of young girls (children) by Wirral view, Rhewl.
The police advised they are looking for them but to be aware and Extra vigilant with the kids."
Anybody who has any information is asked to call North Wales Police on 101 quoting X027679
Spotted something? Got a story? Send a Facebook Message | A direct message on Twitter | Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
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subset: commoncrawl


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That warrior recolour looks insane. Like a Scarlet Brotherhood setAlso I assume "every MT challenge" for the mount means each variant rather than doing it on every spec?
how many times are yall going to post the information that has already been posted like 10 times by the same website lol
Too bad Legion Mage Tower TW is time gated AF to only being up once every 4.5 monthsedit: spelling
they made demon hunter set kinda look like one of druid sets
Man, the monk set still gives me lfr vibes.Could'a chosen better colors, yo.
I can't believe that the bulk of this patch after all this developing time is just 2 miserable weeks of recycled FOMO content. Blizzard will have to do more than this if they want my sub money
Some of these colours are ... really questionable. I'm not sure why they do this - are the odd colour combinations supposed to make them look more 'design-ey' instead of 'basic' matching colours? Because I think it only makes those sets less useful, as few people can tolerate those colour schemes.Case in point, the Mage's purple, pink, dark grey with gold... and red. Or the Monk's blue, dark blue, silver... and orange. ... W H Y ?
No new cat form....?
Are these specifically class-locked, or are they usable across a shared armortype (like a Mage set on a warlock, a Priest set on a Mage, etc)?
Is the Fel Werebear available for you even if you didn't complete the original mage tower to unlock the base skin?
priest/lock and druid won, everything else is dog%^&*. I still can't understand why they removed the artifact skins when they desperately need as many people to get interested in the game again as they do.
Monk, warrior, lock, priest, mage.. hell all but dh & dk..
The hunter rework unfortunately is one of the ugliest sets ever. Even HD does not save it.


text: Fr. Jorge Barlin was assigned as parish priest and Vicar Forane of Sorsogon, which was then under the Diocese of Nueva Caceres. He held this position in Sorsoogon for almost 16 years or until November 14, 1903 when he was appointed Bishop of the Diocese if Nueva Caceres. he was consecrated as Bishop on June 29, 1906, making him the first Filipino Bishop.


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Hermèssence perfumery has been joined by three new scents, inspired by the Orient and the opposites of the desert – life and death, warm and cold – a world away from Paris and the home of French high-fashion brand Hermès.
The renowned perfumer Christine Nagel is responsible for these new exquisite scents, which also represent the company's first foray into fragrance oils. The original Hermèssence collection was created six years ago by Jean-Claude Ellena and comprised rare and unexpected notes, which is why it is difficult and almost impossible to come up with the next best aroma.
Wrapped up in musky leather and lively floral notes, and boasting with elegance, the new line is ready to seduce anyone that comes even close to these scents. You may remember that Nagel took over and immediately introduced the darkly sensual Galop by Hermès and the wonderful Twilly, but these perfumes are totally different.
Each of the three new additions comes accompanied by an evocative 'Hermès haiku'. Cardamusc, which is priced at $375, was designed to blend cedar with sweet jasmine to create an almost silky-like fragrance. Musc Pallida, which also costs $375, was envisioned as a delicate creation, with hearty musk and sweet iris working together to support orris notes and their almost golden vibe.
Last, but not least interesting, Agar Ėbène will cost you $279, and help you create a mysterious entrance. Profound and natural, like cashmere on the skin, this fragrance will most likely have everyone asking for more.


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The famous Dr Oz, and also Oprah, claim that they start their day with a healing potion full of beneficial ingredients.
Meanwhile, if you are not accustomed to consuming natural juices, it can happen the first sip of the drink not to be at all tasty. If you did, add some more apple drink to be sweeter.
Ingredients: – 2 apple medium size – 3 stalks celery – 1 pickle – Grated ginger (root 2,5 сm) – Half a lemon with its peel (it can be grated) – 1 lime with peel (it can be grated) – 150 gr parsley
– 60 gr spinach
Grate all ingredients into small pieces, mix them and put them in a blender.
This juice soothing effect on the difficulties such as high blood pressure, problems with the skin, bones, asthma, digestion … Moreover, this beverage prevents breast cancer, lung, liver and colon, reduces levels of bad cholesterol and helps to lose weight.


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Use the User's Profile Time Zone for PIT Restore
When viewing Cloud Provider Snapshot information, all dates are listed in the time zone on the User's profile. However, the date/time to be entered when trying to perform a PIT restore has to be entered in UTC time. This is asking a lot of someone who is probably already really nervous to be able to correctly calculate the difference between their time zone and UTC time.
shared this idea


text:
Austin has no shortage of bloggers covering its ever-expanding barbecue scene, none more thorough than former Statesman critic Mike Sutter. On his site Fed Man Walking, he runs an obsessively detailed BBQ City Limits series, which reviews 52 different Austin barbecue outposts and ranks everything from beef ribs to sides to sauces. It's kind of insane. His top ten Austin barbecue list is one of the city's most carefully considered, and this year he puts La Barbecue at number one.
Even more interestingly, Franklin Barbecue drops down from number two to number five, in favor of Freedmen's, Brown's, and Stiles Switch, which feature much less, as Sutter puts it, "bulls**t." With similar reasoning to Matthew Odam's recent top ten, Franklin's drop does appear to come down to the logistical bullshit, rather than the food. Sutter says, "I wouldn't recommend to anybody standing in a food line for five hours unless it involved disaster relief." Here's the freshly updated full top 10.
· The Austin BBQ Top 10 [Fed Man Walking]
· All ZOMG BBQ Coverage [EATX]


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The 2016 Chicago Cubs season was the 145th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 141st in the National League and the Cubs 101st season at Wrigley Field. To celebrate their 100 years at Wrigley, the Cubs wore a patch on their home uniforms and wore 1916 throwback uniforms on July 6.
They began the season on April 4, 2016 at the Los Angeles Angels and finished the regular season on October 2, 2016 at the Cincinnati Reds. They finished with the best record in Major League Baseball and won their first National League Central title since the 2008 season, winning by 17½ games. The team also reached the 100 win mark for the first time since 1935 and won 103 total games, the most wins for the franchise since 1910. The Cubs defeated the San Francisco Giants in the National League Division Series and returned to the National League Championship Series for the second year in a row, where they defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in six games. Coming back from a three games to one deficit, the Cubs defeated the Cleveland Indians in seven games in the 2016 World Series, their first appearance since the 1945 World Series and first win since the 1908 World Series.
The World Series victory put an end to the so-called Curse of the Billy Goat.
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Self-Perception Beyond Sport – Sports
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A Different View
Tonight, I had the extreme pleasure of attending the reception and awards ceremony for "A Different View: Taking a New Look at Our East Bay Regional Parks," an exhibit at The Bankhead Theater in Livermore. Nontraditional landscapes of East Bay Regional Parks (as well as more traditional and nonlandscape photos) are on display there through the end of October. The lobby will also be open to the public during the Livermore Art Walk on October 11.
There was wine from several Livermore wineries, and music by John Seppala, with bassist.
The Bankhead Theater, itself, is a wonderful place, and I was delighted to see some areas of the theater, including the terrace, that I had not seen before.
In addition to the pleasure of viewing the paintings, 3-dimensional art, and photography of the exhibit, I was surprised to meet some old friends, and through them, one of the photographers whose work I admire, Marc Crumpler.
If you happen to attend other events at the Bankhead between now and the end of October, or are out and about during the Art Walk, please visit this extraordinary exhibit of works from our East Bay Regional Parks!
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FORT WAYNE, Ind. (WOWO): The Fort Wayne Komets capped off a season like none other with their first-ever Kelly Cup Championship in front of 10,477 fans at the Memorial Coliseum in Fort Wayne tonight with a 2-1 win over the South Carolina Stingrays, winning the best-of-five Kelly Cup Final 3 games to 1.
For the Komets, it's their first league championship win since coming to the ECHL. Their last league title was a 2012 CHL title win.
Stephen Harper scored both of Fort Wayne's goals, while goaltender Dylan Ferguson blocked 26 of 27 shots. Justin Florek had South Carolina's lone goal.
The win comes as the Komets played a shortened season due to pandemic restrictions, and without many of the team's biggest rivals as Kalamazoo, Cincinnati, and Toledo all opted to sit out the 2020-2021 ECHL season.
This year the playoff rankings were determined by win percentage, and the Komets entered the Western Conference playoffs seeded third before unseating Wichita and Allen to take the Western Conference crown.


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My, my my… I thought this would be much more difficult. Take that Glenn. Actually, Glenn, Mr. Sullivan, and a variety of other people who I have been following daily are the reason I am starting this little project. I am not sure what I intend to accomplish with this, but I have covered any possible failure by refusing to set any goals. "Aim High," I always say.
I think this might be a healthy place for me to air my pet grievances and bizarre political viewpoints- at least it will be healthier than the local pub, where I am in striking distance of the people I am offending. At any rate, I read a good deal of news sites, and I get irritated with all of the stupid and irrational things that get stated in our media without ANYONE challenging them. Fortunately, there are a lot of good folks out there debunking the garbage (I will get links I like up once I figger this all out), and I intend to help them. In fact, I think this stream of consciousness description has helped me to come up with the full title for the the corner. "The Curmudgeon's Corner- Helping People Make fools of Themselves."
Comments are closed.


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I have a touring bike where the drivetrain has been built not according to Shimano's instructions. For example, the shift lever is SL-BS64-8 Ultegra 8-speed bar end shifter that according to Shimano's instructions should be used with only Shimano SIS-SP outer cable, Shimano 1.2mm inner cable, CN-HG90 chain, CS-HG90-8 cassette, and RD-6401 rear derailleur. However, my rear derailleur is a Deore XT RD-M761 GS Medium Cage because I wanted to find a medium cage rear derailleur that supports wide-range cassettes, and also because RD-6401 wasn't readily available when I bought the parts. The cassette and chain also aren't the exact same as suggested by Shimano, and I also had problems with cabling system due to using non-Shimano parts, that I solved by switching to authentic Shimano parts.
I have found that the official Shimano instructions for adjusting rear derailleur indexing (shift to second smallest sprocket, make it slightly rub against the third smallest sprocket, then turn the barrel adjuster clockwise one click at a time until the rub is eliminated) don't really work on my drivetrain. The rear derailleur still seems to move a bit more than the spacing of the cassette every click, but the mismatch is now so small that it's possible to adjust the rear derailleur in a non-systematic way (upshift through all gears, if there was a slow shift turn barrel adjuster clockwise, downshift through all gears, if there was a slow shift turn barrel adjuster counterclockwise), but this imprecise and slow method is not systematic like the official Shimano method.
Is there a systematic method for adjusting rear derailleur indexing that works with such a mix-and-match drivetrain?


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6. Module: From 1 to 4
7. Tooth: From Z15 to Z70
Product name | Spur Gear & Helical Gear & Gear Shaft |
Customized service | OEM, drawings or samples customize |
Materials Available | Stainless Steel, Carbon Steel, S45C, SCM415, 20CrMoTi, 40Cr, Brass, SUS303/304, Bronze, Iron, Aluminum Alloy etc |
Heat Treatment | Quenching & Tempering, Carburizing & Quenching, High-frequency Hardening, Carbonitriding…… |
Surface Treatment | Conditioning, Carburizing and Quenching,Tempering ,High frequency quenching, Tempering, Blackening, QPQ, Cr-plating, Zn-plating, Ni-plating, Electroplate, Passivation, Picking, Plolishing, Lon-plating, Chemical vapor deposition(CVD), Physical vapour deposition(PVD)… |
BORE | Finished bore, Pilot Bore, Special request |
Processing Method | Molding, Shaving, Hobbing, Drilling, Tapping, Reaming, Manual Chamfering, Grinding etc |
Pressure Angle | 20 Degree |
Hardness | 55- 60HRC |
Size | Customer Drawings & ISO standard |
Package | Wooden Case/Container and pallet, or made-to-order |
Certificate | ISO9001:2008 |
Machining Process | Gear Hobbing, Gear Milling, Gear Shaping, Gear Broaching, Gear Shaving, Gear Grinding and Gear Lapping |
Applications | Printing Equipment Industry, Laser Equipment Industry, Automated Assemblyline Industry, Woodening Industry, Packaging Equipment Industry, Logistics storage Machinery Industry, Robot Industry, Machine Tool Equipment Industry |
Company Profile
Packaging & Shipping
1. Who are you?
A: we are factory and have 4 subsidiary company. The 4 companies have more than 40000 square CHINAMFG of standard plants, more than 600 professional technicians, more than 500 sets of precision equipment and 19 related technical patents, forming a complete production, sales and service integration system.
2. What kind of module range can your gear make?
3. What is the hardness of your products that can be reached by heat treatment?
A: The heat treatment hardness of different materials is different, which can be within HRC50~60
4. What level of gear accuracy can your company achieve?
A: The highest precision is ISO 5 level and the conventional precision is ISO 6~7 level
5. What services can we provide?
Accepted Delivery Terms: Fedex,DHL,UPS;
Accepted Payment Currency:USD,EUR,HKD,GBP,CNY;
Accepted Payment Type: T/T,L/C,PayPal,Western Union;
Language Spoken:English,Chinese,Japanese
Application: | Motor, Electric Cars, Motorcycle, Machinery, Marine, Agricultural Machinery, Car, Textile Machinery |
Hardness: | Hardened Tooth Surface |
Gear Position: | External Gear |
Manufacturing Method: | Rolling Gear |
Toothed Portion Shape: | Double Helical Gear |
Material: | Stainless Steel |
Samples: |
US$ 10/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | |
Customization: |
| Customized Request |
Can worm gears be used in precision manufacturing equipment?
Yes, worm gears can be used in precision manufacturing equipment. Here's a detailed explanation of their use in precision manufacturing:
1. Precision Motion Control: Worm gears can provide precise motion control in manufacturing equipment. Their design allows for high gear ratios, which enables fine adjustments and precise positioning. This is particularly useful in applications where accurate and repeatable movement is required, such as CNC machines, robotic arms, and coordinate measuring machines (CMMs).
2. Load Holding and Backdriving Prevention: Worm gears have a self-locking characteristic, meaning they can hold loads in position without the need for additional brakes or clutches. This feature is advantageous in precision manufacturing equipment where holding a position is critical. The self-locking property also helps prevent backdriving, ensuring stability and accuracy during operation.
3. Compact Design: Worm gears have a compact design, which can be beneficial in space-constrained manufacturing equipment. Their worm and worm wheel configuration allows for a compact footprint, making them suitable for applications where size limitations exist.
4. High Torque Transmission: Worm gears can transmit high torque, making them suitable for heavy-duty precision manufacturing equipment. The meshing of the worm and worm wheel generates a large contact area, enabling efficient power transfer and load handling capabilities.
5. Reduced Noise and Vibration: Worm gears operate with a sliding motion rather than a rolling motion, resulting in reduced noise and vibration levels. This characteristic is advantageous in precision manufacturing equipment, as it helps maintain a quieter working environment and minimizes potential disturbances that could affect the precision of the manufacturing process.
6. Lubrication and Maintenance: Proper lubrication is crucial for the efficient and reliable operation of worm gears in precision manufacturing equipment. Lubricants help reduce friction and wear between the gear teeth, ensuring smooth and accurate motion. Regular maintenance and lubrication schedules should be followed to optimize gear performance and extend their service life.
While worm gears offer several advantages in precision manufacturing equipment, it's important to consider the specific requirements of the application. Factors such as gear ratio, efficiency, backlash, and operating conditions should be carefully evaluated to ensure that worm gears are the appropriate choice for achieving the desired precision and performance.
Overall, worm gears can be successfully utilized in precision manufacturing equipment, providing precise motion control, load holding capabilities, compactness, and high torque transmission. When properly selected, installed, and maintained, worm gears can contribute to the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of precision manufacturing processes.
Can worm gears be used in automotive applications?
Yes, worm gears can be used in certain automotive applications. Here's a detailed explanation of their use in the automotive industry:
1. Steering Systems: Worm gears are commonly used in automotive steering systems, particularly in older vehicles. They can provide the necessary torque and precision for steering control. The self-locking feature of worm gears is advantageous in steering applications as it helps maintain the desired steering position even when external forces are applied. However, it's important to note that many modern vehicles have transitioned to other steering mechanisms such as rack and pinion for improved efficiency and performance.
2. Window Regulators: Worm gears can be found in power window regulator systems in some vehicles. They help convert rotational motion into linear motion, allowing for the smooth and controlled movement of windows. Worm gears in window regulators are often paired with a mechanical linkage system to distribute the motion to multiple windows.
3. Convertible Top Mechanisms: In convertible vehicles, worm gears can be utilized in the mechanisms that raise and lower the convertible top. The high torque capabilities of worm gears make them suitable for these applications, as they can effectively handle the load of the top and ensure smooth and reliable operation.
4. Accessory Drives: Worm gears can be employed in accessory drives within the automotive engine compartment. They can be used to transfer power from the engine to various accessories such as water pumps, fuel pumps, and air compressors. However, it's important to note that other power transmission mechanisms such as belts and pulleys or gear drives are more commonly used in modern automotive accessory drive systems due to their higher efficiency and compact design.
5. Limited-Slip Differentials: Worm gears can be incorporated into limited-slip differentials in some automotive applications. Limited-slip differentials distribute torque between the wheels to improve traction and stability. Worm gears can provide the necessary torque multiplication and torque biasing capabilities required for limited-slip differentials.
While worm gears can be found in these automotive applications, it's important to consider that other power transmission mechanisms such as spur gears, bevel gears, and belt drives are more commonly used in modern automotive designs. These alternatives often offer higher efficiency, compactness, and better performance characteristics for automotive applications. Additionally, advancements in technology and the pursuit of lightweight and efficient designs have led to the adoption of alternative power transmission systems in many automotive applications.
Overall, while worm gears have a place in certain automotive applications, their use is more limited compared to other power transmission mechanisms commonly employed in the automotive industry.
How does a worm gear differ from other types of gears?
A worm gear differs from other types of gears in several ways. Here are the key differences:
- Gear Configuration: A worm gear consists of a threaded worm and a mating gear, known as the worm wheel or worm gear. The worm has a helical thread that meshes with the teeth of the worm wheel. In contrast, other types of gears, such as spur gears, bevel gears, and helical gears, have parallel or intersecting axes of rotation.
- Gear Ratio: Worm gears provide high gear reduction ratios compared to other types of gears. The ratio is determined by the number of teeth on the worm wheel and the number of threads on the worm. This high reduction ratio allows worm gears to transmit more torque while maintaining a compact size.
- Direction of Rotation: In a worm gear system, the worm can drive the worm wheel, but the reverse is not true. This is due to the self-locking nature of worm gears. The angle of the worm's helical thread creates a wedging action that prevents the worm wheel from backdriving the worm. This characteristic makes worm gears suitable for applications requiring a mechanical brake or holding position.
- Efficiency: Worm gears typically have lower efficiency compared to other types of gears. This is primarily due to the sliding action between the worm's threads and the worm wheel's teeth, which leads to higher friction and energy losses. Therefore, worm gears are not ideal for applications that require high efficiency or continuous, high-speed operation.
- Lubrication: Worm gears require proper lubrication to reduce friction and wear. The sliding action between the worm and the worm wheel generates heat, which can affect the performance and lifespan of the gear system. Lubricants help to dissipate heat and provide a protective film between the mating surfaces, reducing friction and extending the gear's life.
- Applications: Worm gears are commonly used in applications that require high gear reduction, compact size, and self-locking capabilities. They are found in various industries, including elevators, automotive steering systems, machine tools, robotics, and winding mechanisms.
Overall, the unique design and characteristics of worm gears make them suitable for specific applications where high torque, compactness, and self-locking features are essential, even though they may have lower efficiency compared to other types of gears.
editor by CX 2023-09-28


text:
How do you upgrade the Lightning staff in Black Ops 2 Origins?
How do you upgrade the Lightning staff in Black Ops 2 Origins?
Upgrade Steps
- Solve the Puzzle – Shoot the Purple Triangles. Go to the Crazy Place and take note of the sequence of purple triangles by the purple portal area (shown in the image above).
- Turn the Electric Panel Dials.
- Line Up the Rings.
- Charge the Staff (Collect the Souls)
What is the code for the Lightning staff?
The Piano Keys numbered. In order to complete this step shoot the keys with the Staff of Lightning in this order: 6,1,3,3,5,7,4,6, and 2.
How do you upgrade the staffs?
- Build the Staves. In order to upgrade a staff, all four staves must first be built.
- Equip a Staff. Select the staff that you would like to upgrade.
- Crazy Room Step. I call this step the Crazy Room Step because it is completed in that room.
- Element Step.
- Release the Orb.
- Charge the Staff.
- Equip the Staff.
- Comments.
What is the code to upgrade the Ice Staff?
Upgrade Steps
- Solve the Ice Staff Puzzle. With the Ice Staff equipped go to the crazy place through the blue portal.
- Shoot the Gravestones. Leave the crazy place and go back to the outside world.
- Line Up the Gems.
- Charge the Staff (Collect Souls)
How do you upgrade the staff of wind?
After obtaining the Staff of Wind, it can be upgraded to Boreas' Fury. First, the player must solve the riddle located in the Crazy Place, located in the Wind part of it. Above the portal, there are four concentric rings with four symbols spread evenly on them.
How do you get the ultimate wind staff in Destiny 2?
Finally, go back to the Wind Zone in Agartha. Place your Wind Staff on the Wind Table. You will now need to kill zombies near the Wind Staff. When your staff is complete, you will hear Samantha talking and you will be able to take your Ultimate Wind Staff.
How do you use the staff of wind in zombies?
The Staff of Wind shoots blasts of wind when fired, (similar to the Thundergun ), and will instantly kill zombies at point blank range until round 23 and knock back any zombies further away. However, the range is not as far as the Thundergun, so you will have to be a bit closer to kill zombies with it.
How powerful is the staff of wind?
The Staff of Wind is a powerful weapon, but it has less ammo than the other staves. When it is upgraded to Boreas' Fury, it doubles its ammo reserve and magazine size but still has much less than the other upgraded staves.


text:
Congress recently passed the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act (JASTA) over President Obama's veto. Senator Chuck Schumer was the Senate co-sponsor of the bill; Jerry Nadler was the co-sponsor in the House. The bill would allow Americans hurt by the 9/11 attacks to sue Saudi Arabia for damages.
Within a few days, Congress came to its senses and realized that the bill sucked — it would undermine the "sovereign immunity" that protects all governments including ours from being sued for the stupid stuff they do.
But did Congress say, "Whoops, we screwed up big time" ?
No way, Jose! They blamed Obama for not stopping them. Ha ha! The White House over and over warned Congress of the pitfalls of the bill and offered to work with Congress to fix it. But Congress was having none of it. Even after the Obama veto, our congressional geniuses didn't rethink JASTA. They overwhelmingly overrode the President's veto: the Senate override was 97 in favor, Harry Reid against, Tim Kaine and Bernie Sanders not voting; the House voted 348-77 to override.
From Abrose Bierce's Devil's Dictionary:
OPPOSITION, n. In politics the party that prevents the Government from running amuck by hamstringing it.
The King of Ghargaroo, who had been abroad to study the science of government, appointed one hundred of his fattest subjects as members of a parliament to make laws for the collection of revenue. Forty of these he named the Party of Opposition and had his Prime Minister carefully instruct them in their duty of opposing every royal measure. Nevertheless, the first one that was submitted passed unanimously. Greatly displeased, the King vetoed it, informing the Opposition that if they did that again they would pay for their obstinacy with their heads. The entire forty promptly disemboweled themselves.
"What shall we do now?" the King asked. "Liberal institutions cannot be maintained without a party of Opposition."
"Splendor of the universe," replied the Prime Minister, "it is true these dogs of darkness have no longer their credentials, but all is not lost. Leave the matter to this worm of the dust."
So the Minister had the bodies of his Majesty's Opposition embalmed and stuffed with straw, put back into the seats of power and nailed there. Forty votes were recorded against every bill and the nation prospered. But one day a bill imposing a tax on warts was defeated–the members of the Government party had not been nailed to their seats! This so enraged the King that the Prime Minister was put to death, the parliament was dissolved with a battery of artillery, and government of the people, by the people, for the people perished from Ghargaroo.
The Bitemaster says it's time that we embalm and stuff the Democrats in Congress.


text:
I have previously save my sequence vpd in Google drive. And when I open it just now, so it stated undefined. All progress worked gone. What worse, I can't even login to my previous account, it stated unknown error. I badly need the sequence vpd saved in the Google drive for my previous account
Would you please send your diagram file to email@example.com for checking? Look forward to hearing from you.


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Do you want pure and original Indian spices but are still skeptical about the quality? Worry no more, we have your back! We provide a range of common Indian spices that are found in every kitchen.
Spices are the essence of our food. Indian food is known for its delicious and spicy taste. Being a wholesale shop, we have a variety of Indian spices that you can opt for whenever you are looking for Indian spices online.
To ensure premium quality, we take utmost care while dealing with such food essential items. We have spices like Lakadong Turmeric, Chicory Coffee, and Dry Ginger like spices which are always in demand.
Choose from our pure and natural spices collection for your kitchen or you can order these Indian spices for your family too! To know more about these spices, you can check out our Indian Species below!
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Mon, Oct 9, 2017
Detroit has a bad 15 minutes.....Rams turn the ball over inside the 20 three times. Rough Sunday. One thing I realized really quick is that there are some teams that may be playing well, but not all teams are ready for the big stage of things. Take the Rams for example. Are they better than Seattle this year...probably, but they were not ready to make the plays on a big stage like Seattle was. That is a difference. Will look more at that aspect as I go on.
Big BIG numbers for the weekend in the NFL. Looking for the inflated numbers. There is value there, just have to find it. Picks will be up by Friday at 400 MST.


text:
Landfill new style: Is 'storing' waste plastics better than burning?
As global temperatures head for potentially catastrophic levels, landfilling rather than burning waste plastics might be better for the environment, provocatively suggests Axion Polymers Director Keith Freegard.
December 8, 2016
The best disposal route for waste plastics has long been a subject of intense debate. Now, Keith Freegard, of UK-based plastics recycler Axion Polymers is calling for a re-think on the merits of the numerous energy from waste plants operating across Europe and in the UK. Municipal solid waste (MSW) and mixed recyclables processing facilities supply the mixed material refuse-derived fuel bales burned at the plants – bales consisting of, among other things, post-consumer plastic waste.
As Freegard writes: "Further waste-to-energy plants are being planned and built in the UK, while landfill is frowned upon as the accepted 'worst option' for disposal. Revisiting the decision-making metrics that have led to this 'accepted waste hierarchy' might point to a stark choice between the two waste disposal options.
There are valid arguments for the 'pros' and 'cons' of both waste disposal methods. But what if the true environmental cost of CO2 emissions were also factored into deciding the 'best option'?"
Freegard points out that existing designs of waste-to-energy incinerators are a compromise engineering solution. The non-homogeneous nature of the waste fuels requires robust moving-grate burners to move the combustible materials through the unit. Water-filled side boilers must be used for heat transfer to capture the heat-energy produced. High-efficiency, combined cycle gas turbine systems are far more efficient at energy recovery, although, as Freegard notes: "Both power generating units are ultimately doing the same task: converting carbon-rich fuels into electricity (and occasionally combined with 'useful-heat' production), while sending atmospheric-polluting carbon emissions up the exhaust stack as a major environmental cost associated with the beneficial electrical power supplied into the local grid."
So what are the solutions? High-efficiency gas turbines are a much more efficient way to generate each kilowatt of power, plus some heat, from fossil fuel sources if measured in terms of the mass of CO2 released per unit of power output.
However, large scale waste-burners consume huge tonnages of waste materials that would otherwise have been landfilled. However, nearly a third of this input waste volume ends up as residual incinerator bottom ash (IBA). This begs the question: where does all that IBA tonnage end up?
If the major components in the infeed waste fuel mix to a modern EfW unit are renewable carbon, such as wood, papers, cardboard or organic matters, then the 'short-life' carbon atoms released back into the atmosphere via the exhaust stack are ecologically balanced with their earlier carbon-capture in a tree, plant or living organism. So this fraction of the waste 'fuel' shows a carbon-neutral effect.
As for the plastic content in residual household or commercial waste, the carbon-rich molecules that create the long-chain polymers (e.g. ethane, propane, styrene, etc.) are derived from crude oil refineries and are then polymerised to make plastics. Burning these is essentially the same as driving a petrol car or taking a flight – power created at the 'expense' of long-life carbon release.
But what if the waste plastic could be separated from the 'organic or renewable carbon' wastes and the 'inert' carbon-rich, stabilised plastic stored either in the ground or in a covered storage system. That would represent a long-term carbon-sink and remove those fossil-based materials from the energy-from-waste infeed mix. Clearly it would be better to recycle these materials if a technically and economically viable process were available to do that.
Because a typical energy-from-waste plant has efficiencies of up to 30% for converting feed material into electricity compared to about 50% for a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine, 1 MWh of electricity from a CCGT produces just 40% of the CO2 emissions for the same energy from plastic incinerated at an EfW plant. And, writes Freegard, while a best-in-class EfW plant with integrated heat recovery can recover a further 35%, this heat could instead be generated by a gas boiler that has an efficiency of at least 90%. Even taking this additional efficiency into account, a combination of CCGT and boiler still emits about 65% of the CO2 of the leading EfW plants.
He argues that based on the CO2 metric alone, it makes more sense to bury large amounts of plastic in a long-term 'carbon sink' in the ground and efficiently combust natural gas to satisfy our immediate power needs. Freegard: "However, until world leaders are prepared to transform the taxation on fossil fuel use in a way that truly reflects the high cost of 'free carbon release', then this numeric analysis remains an esoteric academic study.
Perhaps we should start calling this form of end-of-life waste treatment 'sky-fill' to compare it with the alternative 'land-fill' disposal route for carbon mass?"
Eminent scientists worldwide have calculated that a very large proportion of the known (and often privately-owned) reserves of oil, gas and coal already available for extraction and combustion will have to stay in the ground as part of tackling climate change and achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement, which included taking action to hold temperature rises to well below 2C above pre-industrial levels and stabilizing emissions at a level which would see a temperature rise of no more than 1.5C.
In his view, the solution in a Carbon Tax; particularly on the creation of electrical power and directly linked to the tonnes of CO2 released into the atmosphere per unit of fossil carbon consumed.
If that happens, it might be the time to return to that 'mine' of carefully stowed thousands of tonnes of good plastic and look at the economics of turning it into new polymer. With a huge carbon tax slapped on burning it, then the economics would probably work. So these plastics may not have to stay in the ground for too long.
We need to be more aware of the "wholesale damage of completely uncontrolled burning of fossil fuel", Freegard concludes.
"The short-term political and economic viewpoint is that 'we're getting some electrical power from it so it must be a good thing to do'. But this I think reflects the market failure created by very high landfill taxes that are not balanced by an equivalent taxation method to discourage 'sky-fill'.
It's a complex and challenging issue that reaches out over the next 20 years; a critical period in our history. Until we get a carbon tax that puts some seriously big pound notes on the cost of throwing carbon into the atmosphere, I don't see there being any real change. After all, the Earth doesn't have a bank account – it's us humans who operate under that monetary metric."
About the Author(s)
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text: Mauser P-38, BYF 43, 9mm with WWII Nazi Eagle 135 proofs. This has the red Bakelite grips, has all matching numbers and no importer markings. An interesting sub variant with the left slide legend side being a dusty blue finish and the right side with the Nazi proofs being the salt blue finish. About 95% finish remains and the bore is excellent.


text:
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text: Hours 24S The term "world-making" is often used nowadays to refer to transmedia storytelling, or the creation of story-worlds across serial narratives in a range of entertainment media, such as novels, games, film series/franchises, television shows, comics, and webtoons. This course looks at the ways that media producers and fans, alike, engage with media worlds. More importantly, the course situates these media worlds within a broader conception of "world-making," namely, the geopolitical and economic configuration of modern East Asia. (No prior knowledge of East Asian languages or cultures is necessary.) Restricted to first-year students. Not eligible for CR/NCR option. Distribution Requirements Humanities Breadth Requirements Creative and Cultural Representations (1)