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It shouldn't be very easy to find ice on Mercury. It's true that temperatures on the planet's night side drop to -280°F (-173°C), but daytime temperatures soar to a hellish 800°F (427°C) or so, and days on Mercury last for nearly three months. That's plenty of time for the ice to melt and vaporize. Yet for decades, scientists have suspected that Mercury might be icy all the same — provided you looked in the right place. Back in the 90's, astronomers used the giant Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico as a huge radar gun and pointed its barrel toward Mercury, specifically toward its poles. Craters there might be just deep enough — and their rims just high enough — that their basins would remain in permanent shadow. Ice once deposited there by meteors or comets would remain forever. The bright radar reflections that bounced back to Aricebo provided some tentative confirmation of that theory.
Now there's no more "tentative" about it. A set of three papers just published in Science, based on observations by the Messenger spacecraft in orbit around Mercury, makes the nearly ironclad case that there is indeed water at Mercury's north pole, at least — and also some mysterious dark material that could be made of the same tarry organic compounds that contaminate comets. "The idea has been out there for long time," says David Lawrence of Johns Hopkins University, author of one of the papers, "and one of the big science goals for Messenger was to try to confirm it."
Ice in permanently shadowed craters is not unique to Mercury. In 2009, NASA's LCROSS mission established that the phenomenon occurs on the moon, a fact it proved by crashing a projectile into a crater and analyzing the debris that was blasted out. Messenger did its work more subtly, with three pieces of circumstantial evidence combining to make the case — hence the three separate Science papers. The first bit of proof came from the spacecraft's neutron spectrometer, Lawrence's specialty. When cosmic rays hit Mercury's surface, he explains, "they bust apart atomic nuclei, sending neutrons bouncing around like billiard balls."
(More: Mercury Stirs: The Iron Planet is Livelier Than We Think)
When the neutrons hit objects of similar mass — the nucleus of a hydrogen atom, for example — they kind of stop in their tracks, like two billiard balls running into each other on a table. When they hit the nuclei of heavier elements, it's more like hitting a bowling ball: the neutrons go flying off at high speed, and some of them should end up in Messenger's spectrometer. But the instrument recorded relatively few neutrons from the poles, and, says Lawrence, "the only thing that can cause that is a lot of hydrogen." And by far the most likely form of hydrogen is H20.
The second piece of evidence comes from calculating how cold the craters at Mercury's poles should be and that required determining their depth and and the height of their rims. UCLA's David Paige, lead author of Mercury paper number two, used precision topographic data from Messenger to do that cosmic surveyor's work, then ran the data through computer models that spit out a temperature estimate. "What we find," Paige says, "is that in these cold impact craters, it gets way cold enough such that if there were water molecules they'd stick there, form ice deposits."
The same laser altimeters that have been mapping Mercury's topography provided the third line of evidence. The time it takes an infrared laser beam to get to the surface and back tells scientists how high or low a particular point is. But the brightness of the reflection tells them how bright or dark the surface is (darker areas absorb more and reflect less, brighter areas vice versa). Because they suspected ice was present, says Gregory Neumann of the Goddard Spaceflight Center, lead author of the third paper, "we expected reflectance in the permanently shadowed craters to be high."
(More: The Hot Rock: Mysterious Mercury)
That was true, partly, but curiously enough, there were significant patches that were darker than average. "One of the paper's reviewers quipped 'scientists discover that it's dark where there's no light,'" says Neumann. But when he discussed the oddity with Paige, he recalls, "Dave said 'excellent, I'm sure I know what this is.'" Since comets are the likeliest explanation for ice deposits, and since they're well known to be more or less filthy with organic compounds, the dark and light patches tie the whole theory together with a tidy bow.
By itself, this discovery would be important enough, but, says Paige, "it's also part of the bigger scientific quest to figure out where the original water and organic compounds came from that made life on Earth possible in the first place." Comet impacts are a very likely explanation, and while the evidence of those impacts is long gone, the primordial debris left on Mercury, largely unchanged for billions of years, could provide valuable clues. "We need to look in places like this," he says, "to get a better idea of how life got started here — and maybe even how it might have gotten started in other planetary systems."


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Rule #1 - Be Patient - Rule #2 - Don't ask when, if you don't contribute - Rule #3 - You have coding skills - LinuxMCE's small brother is available: http://www.agocontrol.com
Guys, why not just use the existing SVN?
Quote from: chriss on June 22, 2009, 02:13:54 pmGuys, why not just use the existing SVN?because we currently do not have the graphics in svn
while the remaining 20% takes all the rest of your time.
Yeah, well here are some things that seem to rule software:The devil is in the detailsThe 80/20 rule states that 80% of the code takes 20% of your time while the remaining 20% takes all the rest of your time.


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A worthwhile improvement would be to apply a clustering algorithm like I did back in January over the fastIBD output; that way, one does not have to arbitrarily partition Europe into regions, but have the partitions jump out of the data.
A different idea to confirm the scenario presented in this paper would be to drill into different European populations. For example, in the case of the Italians, it would be worthwhile to identify whether there are particular sub-populations with likely Greek or Albanian ancestry who share an excess of IBD with modern Greeks and Albanians.
Population averages may mask such interesting patterns lurking in the data. For example, sub-clusters within populations can be identified with both fineSTRUCTURE and fastIBD, and the corresponding clusters can be assessed with supervised ADMIXTURE to detect how they differ from each other. For example, using this technique, I was able to infer 3 sub-clusters within the ethnic Greek population:
- pop8 (mainland Greek) with ~23% North_European
- pop11 (Greek Cypriot) with ~5% North_European
- pop14 (Cretan, islander, mainland+Asia Minor) with ~12% North_European
- I have also a strong hunch based on a few half Pontic Greek+half mainland Greek data points that unmixed Pontic Greeks would be related to pop22 (Northeastern Anatolia) with ~5% North_European
Interestingly, ~5% North_European levels would be similar to those of Armenians who are the closest linguistic cousins of the Greeks within the Indo-European family, as well as the the Anatolian Turkish cluster pop13 at ~9%.
Overall, it would appear that some mainland Greek groups received some input as the result of the medieval Slavic intrusions, since the mainland North_European excess appears as a "wedge" within the South Italy/Sicily/Crete/Anatolia/Armenia arc and the fastIBD pattern of sharing suggests that this is due to fairly recent connections.
As I have pointed out before, one limitation of the method of counting shared blocks of ancestry is that it does not disclose the directionality of gene flow. For example, gene flow between Germans and Slavs is detected in this study, which could be ascribed to Germans living in eastern Europe and/or to Slavs becoming acculturated Germans as a result of living within Germanic states or intermarrying with them prior to the age of the nation state.
Finally -and most interestingly- I hope that similar haplotype-based methods can be applied to a wider dataset, because, as it is becoming clear, Europe has not been isolated from Asia or Africa during its long history. The authors mention "Slavic or Hunnic" as an explanation for the pattern of shared ancestry in eastern Europe, but it is only by including Asian groups that we can detect the existence of real Hunnic (or Avar, or Mongol, or Pecheneg, or, ...) ancestry.
Moreover, I am confident that the Bronze Age is well within the power of haplotype-based methods to detect IBD. For example, South Asian populations clearly show differential patterns of affiliation with modern West Eurasian groups, most of which can date to no later than the Bronze Age. Together with the gradual incorporation of the new ancient DNA genomes that are bound to be coming our way soon, it seems that our picture of not only recent history, but also of late prehistory is bound to become much sharper.
arXiv:1207.3815v1 [q-bio.PE]
The geography of recent genetic ancestry across Europe
Peter Ralph, Graham Coop
(Submitted on 16 Jul 2012)
The recent genealogical history of human populations is a complex mosaic formed by individual migration, large-scale population movements, and other demographic events. Population genomics datasets can provide a window into this recent history, as rare traces of recent shared genetic ancestry are detectable due to long segments of shared genomic material. We make use of genomic data for 2,257 Europeans (the POPRES dataset) to conduct one of the first surveys of recent genealogical ancestry over the past three thousand years at a continental scale. We detected 1.9 million shared genomic segments, and used the lengths of these to infer the distribution of shared ancestors across time and geography. We find that a pair of modern Europeans living in neighboring populations share around 10-50 genetic common ancestors from the last 1500 years, and upwards of 500 genetic ancestors from the previous 1000 years. These numbers drop off exponentially with geographic distance, but since genetic ancestry is rare, individuals from opposite ends of Europe are still expected to share millions of common genealogical ancestors over the last 1000 years. There is substantial regional variation in the number of shared genetic ancestors: especially high numbers of common ancestors between many eastern populations likely date to the Slavic and/or Hunnic expansions, while much lower levels of common ancestry in the Italian and Iberian peninsulas may indicate weaker demographic effects of Germanic expansions into these areas and/or more stably structured populations. Recent shared ancestry in modern Europeans is ubiquitous, and clearly shows the impact of both small-scale migration and large historical events. Population genomic datasets have considerable power to uncover recent demographic history, and will allow a much fuller picture of the close genealogical kinship of individuals across the world.


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The ballerina will never die. A must have in Paris. French girl gazing at big bags. The BIG scarf. Paris Hair.
Essential. Absolument. If you want to find out what Fr women are wearing for Gawd sakes get on any line (cinema, musee, Angelina and observe.
Do NOT shop before you arrive in Paris.
OMG Why does everyone do this? Chic Frenchie on a velo/Velib Le Trench is forever-if you have one take it.
Non non nonMore non-nons :(
C'est la vie.
All black works in Paris. And I thought only in New York.
Do not forget the ESSENTIAL accessory.
A Jack Russell terrierHOT HOT HOT in Paris.
This is celebrity dog, "Hot Dog" belonging to celebrity pastry chef, Sébastien Godard of "Le delicabar".


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BOSTON – Brad Marchand scored two goals and Tuukka Rask stopped 40 shots, leading the Boston Bruins to a 6-2 victory over the struggling Carolina Hurricanes on Monday night.
Rich Peverley, Andrew Ference, Jordan Caron and Nathan Horton each added a goal, and defenseman Dennis Seidenberg established a career-high with three assists for Boston, which moved a point behind Montreal in the Northeast Division.
The Bruins won for the fourth time in five games by scoring a season-high in goals after dropping a 2-1 decision at the rival Canadiens on Saturday.
Patrick Dwyer and Drayson Bowman scored for the Hurricanes, who lost for the 12th time in 13 games, 11 of them coming in regulation.
Carolina has allowed four or more goals in 10 of its last 14.
After a poor start, the Bruins jumped ahead 1-0 when Peverley fired a shot from the right wing, collected his own rebound at the edge of the crease, circled the net and tucked a shot past goaltender Justin Peters inside the left post.
Just over 5 minutes later, Boston's new second line of Marchand-Gregory Campbell-Jaromir Jagr made it 2-0. Marchand banged in the rebound of Campbell's shot from the edge of the crease.
The Hurricanes replaced Peters with Dan Ellis after the second goal. Peters faced only four shots in 7 minutes, 58 seconds.
The Bruins made it 3-0 when Jagr tried a wraparound shot. Ellis made the save, but the puck caromed out to Marchand, who backhanded a shot in from the bottom of the left circle for his team-leading 16th goal.
Boston increased it to 4-0 on Ference's score early in the second. Seidenberg fired a shot from the left point, the puck popped in the air and into the net off Ference's left glove. After a reply review, the call on the ice was upheld.
Caron's score made it 5-0 midway into the second, but the Hurricanes ended Rask's shutout bid when Dwyer scored on a rebound midway into the third.
Bowman's goal cut it to 5-2 before Horton redirected Dougie Hamilton's pass for his 13th of the season.
The Hurricanes came out and dominated play in the early minutes, outshooting Boston 7-0. Rask stopped a handful of close shots, including a left pad stop of Zac Dalpe, who was alone at the edge of the crease.
NOTES: Boston coach Claude Julien dropped Tyler Seguin from the second line to the third, moving Campbell up to center the second. ... Boston improved to 8-0-1 in its last nine home games. ... Bruins C Patrice Bergeron missed his second straight with what the team called a "moderate" concussion. ... The Hurricanes entered equally as bad with the power play or short-handed, ranking 28th overall. ... Boston C Chris Kelly returned after missing 14 games with a broken bone in his left leg. ... It was the first of four of six on the road for Carolina. ... Boston allowed 40 or more shots for the third time in four games.


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Industry groups and Republican-led states are heading an attack at the Supreme Court against the Obama administration's sole means of trying to limit power-plant and factory emissions of gases blamed for global warming.
As President Barack Obama pledges to act on environmental and other matters when Congress doesn't, or won't, opponents of regulating carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases cast the rule as a power grab of historic proportions.
The court is hearing arguments Monday about a small but important piece of the Environmental Protection Agency's plans to cut the emissions — a requirement that companies expanding industrial facilities or building new ones that would increase overall pollution must also evaluate ways to reduce the carbon they release.
Environmental groups and even some of their opponents say that whatever the court decides, EPA still will be able to move forward with broader plans to set emission standards for greenhouse gases for new and existing power plants.
But a court ruling against EPA almost undoubtedly would be used to challenge every step of the agency's effort to deal with climate change, said Jacob Hollinger, a partner with the McDermott Will and Emery law firm in New York and a former EPA lawyer.
"Will they be successful? We don't know yet," Hollinger said. "But it would be an important victory in a political sense and, potentially, a practical sense."
Republicans have objected strenuously to the administration's decision to push ahead with the regulations after Congress failed to pass climate legislation, and after the administration of President George W. Bush resisted such steps. Both sides agree that it would have been better to deal with climate change through legislation than regulation.
In 2012, a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit concluded that the EPA was "unambiguously correct" in using existing federal law to address global warming.
Monday's case, for which the court has expanded argument time to 90 minutes from the usual 60, stems from the high court's 2007 ruling in Massachusetts v. EPA, which said the agency has the authority under the Clean Air Act to limit emissions of greenhouse gases from vehicles.
Two years later, with Obama in office, the EPA concluded that the release of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases endangered human health and welfare. The administration used that finding to extend its regulatory reach beyond automobiles and develop national standards for large stationary sources. Of those, electric plants are the largest source of emissions.
The administration has proposed first-time national standards for new power plants and expects to propose regulations for existing plants this summer. It will then move on to other large stationary sources such as factories.
In the meantime, the only way EPA can compel companies to address global warming pollution is through a permitting program that requires them to analyze the best available technologies to reduce carbon dioxide, the chief greenhouse gas.
The utility industry, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and 13 states led by Texas are asking the court to rule that the EPA overstepped its authority by trying to regulate greenhouse gas emissions through the permitting program.
The EPA's actions "represent one of the boldest seizures of legislative authority by an executive agency in history," Peter Keisler, representing the American Chemistry Council among two dozen manufacturing and industry groups that want the court to throw out the rule, said in court papers.
When the Supreme Court considered the appeals in October, the justices declined requests to consider overruling the court's 2007 decision, review the EPA's conclusion about the health effects of greenhouse gas emissions or question limits on vehicle emissions.
Instead, the court focused on the permitting program, which EPA has said it would apply for the time being only to the largest emitters of greenhouse gases.
The relatively narrow question framed by the court has led environmental advocates to minimize the case's significance.
"Twice, the Supreme Court has affirmed the EPA's authority to regulate climate pollution," said Vickie Patton, general counsel for the Environmental Defense Fund. Patton was referring to the 2007 decision and the court's 2011 decision that said only EPA, not states and conservation groups, could seek cuts in power plant emissions.
In addition to environmental groups, New York, California, Illinois and a dozen other states are supporting the administration, along with the American Thoracic Society, which filed a brief detailing the health costs of climate change.
Also in support of the regulation is Calpine Corp., which operates natural gas and geothermal power plants around the nation. Calpine said it has gone through the permitting program six times and found it "neither overly burdensome nor unworkable."
Looking at the same program, the Chamber of Commerce said it "may be the costliest, most intrusive regulatory program the nation has yet seen."
Like most environmental disputes, the current case is certainly complicated, if not bewildering.
Confusion figured in one of the court's most significant decisions, written by Justice John Paul Stevens in 1984, giving EPA and other federal agencies wide latitude to come up with rules that put meat on the bones of congressional enactments.
"When I am so confused, I go with the agency," Stevens told his colleagues, according to notes taken by Justice Harry Blackmun and contained in the papers that were made public a few years after Blackmun's death.
Follow Mark Sherman on Twitter: httpss://twitter.com/shermancourt
Copyright © 2014 Capitol Hill Blue
Copyright © 2014 The Associated Press All Rights Reserved.


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There is no doubt that 2008 will be remembered as one of the most remarkable years in the history of the global stock market (and not in a good way). Events have occurred that almost nobody could have predicted, although many seem obvious in hindsight. However, we must move forward. We can't dwell in the past-we have to learn from it. So what can we find out from the previous downturns?
1987 Black Monday – It was the largest one-day market decline in history. The general reaction by investors was a huge dumping of stocks, good and bad. The panic crystallized losses, and many investors went to cash to avoid further trouncing-not a wise move for long-term investors. The markets recovered, but many investors were not able to participate in the upturn because they had sold out and were waiting for "just the right moment" to get back into the market.
1990-91 Recessions – Companies were laying off staff by the thousands (just as at present). They restructured, cut costs, merged with competitors, and did all the things they should have done in the good times, but didn't because times were good. Investors, scared by the glum news, continued to wait on the sidelines. Unfortunately, all this cost cutting and restructuring led to companies making unprecedented profits and therefore optimum stock market performance for the next 10 years (with a few bumps along the way).
2000 – Everything was great, especially in the fancy new technology companies. Most people felt that the old way of doing business was out and that if it was on the Internet, it would lead to profits. Unfortunately, what really went out the door was the ability for people to use common sense and calculators. We all know the result of overbuying in a particular sector…a big drop! This plunge frightened perfectly reasonable investors out of the market once more and out of good companies. Again they waited on the sidelines until the markets were high and again moved back to risky investments.
Current Times 2008 – What I've seen is a reminder of just how much capitalism is dependent on confidence. What we are experiencing in the stock markets is a lack of confidence, but what we are certainly not seeing is a lack of good investment opportunities. This is not a crisis of business fundamentals (most, but not all, businesses are still very strong), but a crisis of confidence in investing in the future.
Without confidence, the price of any asset (stocks, bonds, commodities, real estate, and your car) becomes separated from its true value. If investors lose faith and trust in the process, asset prices become disconnected from expectations of future earnings and profits and are left to nightmarish emotional scenarios. When this happens, a fundamentally good investment can appear to be worthless overnight simply because nobody will buy it, as they are convinced that the prices will fall further. Rather than making careful assessments of future earnings and risk versus reward, potential buyers prefer to wait until sanity returns. Of course all this waiting and lack of purchasers pushes prices down further, increasing the downward spiral.
As we head into 2009, I believe times will stay tough over the year. And, as a result, they will do as in every recession – cut costs, re-structure, announce lay-offs, buy up competitors at reasonable prices, and all the things they neglected when times were good. This inevitably leads to higher profits and stock growth (we just don't know when).
Control what you can…your own spending! Know what you can truly afford and what should be put on hold until times get better.
Here are some positives as I look out into 2009:
• Companies' valuations are low, which means they are cheap compared to their revenues.
• Oil prices are lower, which is good for everyone but oil companies and the Canadian dollar.
• Banks are becoming more prudent and stricter in their lending practices
• Bad investment lending companies have been removed, for example, Lehman Bros., Bear Stearns.
• There is a global political effort to solve this mess that has never been seen before.
• Lower interest rates for variable rate mortgages or lines of credit
• Strong companies will show increases in dividends.
• Obama and other global governments want to expand jobs and infrastructure spending.
• Most importantly, we realize that downturns don't last forever – we just don't know when they will end. What we do know is that we would rather be in the market when it turns than sitting on the sidelines waiting for the magic moment to get back in.
2008 has been a trying period, but there is no other place I'd rather be than an advisor through these times. Take time to set your goals and financial plan and get 2009 off to a good start!


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Another dish that I saw a lot in Greece was pastitsio. Pastitsio is a Greek layered baked pasta dish that is similar to a lasagna though instead of using flat noodles it uses long tubular noodles. The pastitsio that I saw in Greece was all made with layers of a meat sauce along with the layers of pasta and covered with a layer of bechamel sauce. When I got back the first place that I looked for a recipe for pastitsio was in my collection of bookmarks and I had this recipe for a pastitsio with greens from Mediterranean Cooking In Alaska bookmarked. This "greens" version is made with layers of green leafed vegetables like spinach and chard instead of a meat sauce. Although I had been looking forward to trying a pastitsio with a meat sauce with a touch of cinnamon in it my current obsession with chard made this version irresistible. With the dill and feta in addition to the spinach and chard this recipe seems a lot like a pasta version of a spinach pie.
Normally I like to write that a recipe was quick and simple but this one actually took a bit of time and effort. You have to cook the pasta, wilt the spinach and chard, mix the filling, make the bechamel sauce, assemble and then bake it. It is not difficult but it does require a bit of effort and it dirties a lot of dishes. I did run into one problem with this recipe and that was that there was simply too much to fit into the baking pan. It was not too much of a problem as I ended up with nice and thick layers of greens, just the way that I wanted it. The pastitsio with greens turned out great! I liked everything about it from the crispy panko topping to the creamy bechamel sauce to the thick layers of greens all sandwiched between thin layers of whole wheat pasta. Dill is one of my favorite herbs and it really made this dish amazing. All said and done, this pastitsio with greens may have been a bit of work and clean up but it was so worth it!
Note: I had to let it cool for a long time to be able to cut the nice straight edges for the slice in the photo.
Pastitsio (Greek Lasagna) with Greens
- 1/2 pound penne (or other hollow pasta) (gluten free for gluten free)
- 1 bunch spinach
- 1 bunch chard
- 1 tablespoon oil
- 1 onion (chopped)
- 2 cloves garlic (chopped)
- salt and pepper to taste
- 1 bunch green onions (chopped)
- 1/2 cup dill (chopped)
- 1/4 cup parsley (chopped)
- 1/4 cup mint (chopped)
- 1 cups feta (crumbled)
- 1 cups kasseri (or fontina)
- 1 cup manouri (or ricotta)
- 1/4 cup butter
- 1/4 cup flour (rice flour or masa harina for gluten free)
- 2 1/2 cups milk
- 1/4 teaspoon nutmeg
- salt and pepper to taste
- 2 egg yolks
- 1/3 cup freshly grated parmesan cheese
- 1/3 cup panko breadcrumbs (gluten free for gluten free)
- Cook the pasta as directed on package.
- Blanch the spinach and chard and rinse under cold water to stop the cooking process and drain.
- Heat he oil in a pan.
- Add the onions, salt and pepper and saute until tender, about 3-5 minutes.
- Add the garlic and saute until fragrant, about 1 minute.
- Mix the spinach, chard, onions, green onions, dill, parsley, mint, feta, fontina and ricotta in a large bowl. ( I found that using my hands worked best.)
- Warm the milk but do not boil.
- Melt the butter in a sauce pan.
- Mix in the flour and cook for 2 minutes.
- Whisk in the milk and cook until it thickens.
- Add the nutmeg, salt and pepper.
- Pour 1/2 cup of the bechamel into the pasta and mix.
- Whisk the egg yolks in a bowl.
- Temper the egg yolks with some of the warm bechamel sauce and then mix them into the rest of the sauce.
- Cook for 2 minutes on low while stirring.
- Mix the parmesan and the panko bread crumbs.
- Place 1/2 of the pasta into the bottom of a 9×9 inch baking dish.
- Spread 1/2 of the filling on top of the pasta.
- Place remaining pasta on top.
- Spread the remaining filling on top of the pasta.
- Spread the bechamel over the filling.
- Sprinkle the parmesan and panko over the top.
- Bake in a preheated 350F/180C oven until golden brown, about 30-50 minutes.
- Let cool for at least 15 minutes before cutting.
Spanakopita (Greek Spinach Pie)
Mushroom Lasagna
Spinach and Feta Lasagna (aka Spanakopita Lasagna)
Eggplant Tortino in a Kalamata Olive Marinara Sauce
Spinach and Artichoke Dip Pasta
Creamy Lemon Grilled Chicken, Asparagus and Artichoke Pasta
Lasagna Stuffed Peppers


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Learn and Understand English phrases that English speaking people use every day – one day at a time!
Related posts
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Al Jazar: A Minimalist Approach
On Al Jazar Street in al Riyadh Khartoum, under a large white sign spelling out the word "Al Jazar" in big bold black-lined red letters, is a great little take out for a delicious kufta sandwich. As the namesake explicates, the enterprise is a byproduct…


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EAST HAMPTON, N.Y. -- Katie Couric has married a New York financier in a small ceremony at her East Hampton home.
People magazine reports the former "Today" host and John Molner took the vows on Saturday in front of 50 guests.
The 51-year-old Molner is a partner at investment firm Brown Brothers Harriman overseeing mergers and acquisitions for the firm's corporate clients.
He proposed to the 57-year-old Couric last September after nearly two years of dating.
Couric's first husband, Jay Monahan, died in 1998 from colon cancer.
She has two grown daughters. Molner has a son and a daughter.
Couric hosted her own talk show after leaving "Today" and a five-year run as anchor of the "CBS Evening News." She's now the global anchor for Yahoo News.


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NVD Now Supports CVSS Version 2.0 (June 20, 2007)!!
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) provides an open framework for communicating the characteristics and
impacts of IT vulnerabilities. Its quantitative model ensures repeatable accurate measurement while enabling users
to see the underlying vulnerability characteristics that were used to generate the scores. Thus, CVSS is well suited
as a standard measurement system for industries, organizations, and governments that need accurate and consistent
vulnerability impact scores. Two common uses of CVSS are prioritization of vulnerability remediation activities and
in calculating the severity of vulnerabilities discovered on one's systems. The National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
provides CVSS scores for almost all known vulnerabilities.
In particular, NVD supports the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) version 2 standard
for all CVE vulnerabilities.
NVD provides CVSS 'base scores' which represent the innate characteristics of each vulnerability.
We do not currently provide 'temporal scores' (scores that change over time due to events external to the vulnerability).
However, NVD does provide a CVSS score calculator to allow you to add temporal data and to even calculate environmental
scores (scores customized to reflect the impact of the vulnerability on your organization). This calculator contains
support for U.S. government agencies to customize vulnerability impact scores based on FIPS 199 System ratings.
Using CVSS support within NVD
1. NVD CVSS v2 Calculator
2. NVD CVSS v2 Concise Calculator (for CVSS experts, automatically generates CVSS vectors)
3. Click on a CVSS score while using NVD to customize that score for your environment
4. Download CVSS scores for all CVE vulnerabilities from the NVD XML feed
CVSS standards information:
1. FIRST CVSS Homepage.
2. CVSS v2 standard specification.
3. CVSS v2 impact vector specification: http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?vectorinfo&version=2.
NVD CVSS News
NVD Vulnerability Severity Ratings
NVD provides severity rankings of "Low," "Medium," and "High" in addition to the numeric CVSS scores
but these qualitative rankings are simply mapped from the numeric CVSS scores:
1. Vulnerabilities are labeled "Low" severity if they have a CVSS base score of 0.0-3.9.
2. Vulnerabilities will be labeled "Medium" severity if they have a base CVSS score of 4.0-6.9.
3. Vulnerabilities will be labeled "High" severity if they have a CVSS base score of 7.0-10.0.
Incomplete Data
With some vulnerabilities, all of the information needed to create CVSS scores may not be available.
This typically happens when a vendor announces a vulnerability but declines to provide certain details.
In such situations, NVD analysts assign CVSS scores using a worst case approach. Thus, if a vendor provides no details about a vulnerability, NVD will score that vulnerability as a 10.0 (the highest rating).
Collaboration with Industry
NVD staff are willing to work with the security community on CVSS impact
scoring. If you wish to contribute additional information or corrections
regarding the NVD CVSS impact scores, please send email to firstname.lastname@example.com.
We actively work with users that provide us feedback.
Product Integration into CVSS V2 Calculator
CVSS compatible products may provide their users access to the NVD
CVSS v2 calculator by creating a hyperlink that includes the CVSS vector and,
optionally, the vulnerability name. This works for both base, temporal, and environmental vectors.
The hyperlinks should take one of the following forms.
Example base vector hyperlinks to CVSS calculator (with and without vulnerability name):
1. http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=(AV:L/AC:H/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:C)
2. http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&name=example&vector=(AV:A/AC:L/Au:M/C:C/I:N/A:P)
Example environmental vector hyperlinks to CVSS calculator (with and without vulnerability name):
1. http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=(AV:L/AC:H/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:C/E:P/RL:O/RC:C/CDP:L/TD:M/CR:L/IR:L/AR:H)
2. nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&name=example&vector=(AV:LN/AC:L/Au:M/C:C/I:N/A:P/E:F/RL:T/RC:UR/CDP:MH/TD:H/CR:M/IR:L/AR:M)
Example temporal vector hyperlinks to CVSS calculator (with and without vulnerability name):
1. http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=(AV:L/AC:H/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:C/E:P/RL:O/RC:C)
2. http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&name=example&vector=(AV:A/AC:L/Au:M/C:C/I:N/A:P/E:F/RL:T/RC:UR)
Please see: http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?vectorinfov2 for more details on the CVSS product integration.
CVSS Versioning
Scores for the CVE vulnerabilities published between to 11/10/2005 and 11/30/2006 have been upgraded from CVSS version 1 data. CVSS v1 metrics did not contain granularity of CVSS v2 and so these scores are marked as "Version 2.0 upgrade from v1.0" within NVD. While these scores are approximation, they are expected to be reasonably accurate CVSS v2 scores.
Scores provided for the 13,000 CVE vulnerabilities published prior to 11/9/2005
are approximated from only partially available CVSS metric data. Such scores are marked
as "Version 2.0 Incomplete approximation" within NVD. In particular, the following CVSS metrics
are only partially available for these vulnerabilities and NVD assumes certain values
based on an approximation algorithm: AccessComplexity, Authentication, ConfImpact of
'partial', IntegImpact of 'partial', AvailImpact of 'partial', and the
impact biases.
Disclaimer Notice & Privacy Statement / Security Notice
Send comments or suggestions to firstname.lastname@example.com
NIST Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)
NIST is an Agency of the U.S. Dept. of Commerce
Full vulnerability listing


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Letter to Industry - Nonfood Compounds - October 20, 1999
The guidance provides information about a change in FSIS regulations regarding the use of nonfood compounds and processing aids in Federally inspected meat and poultry establishments. It applies to official establishments and actions they may take to meet regulatory requirements for sanitation. It relates to 9 CFR 416.4.
Dear Sir or Madam:
The Compounds and Packaging Review Branch (CPRB) was responsible for authorizing nonfood compounds (cleaners, sanitizers, lubricants, etc.) for use in Federally inspected meat and poultry plants. However, this authorization program no longer exists. The CPRB was eliminated on September 30, 1998. Therefore, it is no longer possible to obtain an USDA authorization letter for a nonfood compound.
On October 20, 1999, USDA published in the Federal Register, a Final Rule entitled "Sanitation Requirements for Official Meat and Poultry Establishment". This rule consolidates the sanitation regulations into a single part applicable to both official meat and poultry plants, eliminates unnecessary differences between the sanitation requirements for meat and poultry processing, and converts many of the highly prescriptive sanitation requirements to performance standards. Among the prescriptive sanitation requirements that were eliminated was the regulation (Title 9, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Section 381.60) requiring the authorization of nonfood compounds by USDA, prior to their use in a Federally inspected meat or poultry establishment. The new sanitation regulations (9 CFR, Section 416.4) state that nonfood compounds and processing aids used by an establishment must be safe and effective under the conditions of use. The establishment must have documentation on file substantiating the safety of a chemical's use in a food processing environment and this documentation must be available to Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) inspection program employees for review.
The documentation may be in the form of a manufacturer's or supplier's letter of guaranty or a third party authority's certification that the compound is safe according to some established safety criteria and, as proposed for use will have no deleterious effect on meat and poultry being processed. A manufacturer's or supplier's letter of guaranty should contain the following information: 1) name and address of the supplier; 2) brand name, code name, or other designation; 3) statement of safety and efficacy; 4) statement of compliance with U.S. Federal regulations (if applicable); 5) use directions; and 6) signature of an authorized firm representative.
In order to assist meat and poultry establishments in making their own determinations concerning the appropriate use of nonfood compounds, FSIS has developed a compliance guide. Although the guide is directed mainly to the regulated meat and poultry establishments, chemical manufacturers may find it useful in developing and marketing their products. The Sanitation Performance Standards Compliance Guide is on the USDA Website.
If you have any additional questions concerning the subject of your inquiry, please contact Mr. Bill Jones at (202) 205-0279.
Robert C. Post, Ph.D., Director
Labeling and Consumer Protection Staff


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Crocker Middle School
Crocker Middle School
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Dan Haren (5-3, 3.28) vs. Hector Noesi (0-4, 5.83).
Dan Haren went to Pepperdine University over in Malibu. But what I don't understand is how Hector, who was raised in the Dominican Republic, has a problem with one of our city's big colleges. But "Noesi" it is, and I'm sure that's not going to appeal to the home crowd tonight, watching Noesi's first career start against the Dodgers.
Sure, Haren may be a little shaky of late, going 1-3 with a 4.35 ERA since his 4-0 start this year. But Noesi is worse: he hasn't had a win in his last 19 starts (or 40 appearances), going 0-14 with a 5.87 ERA since May 2012. As the White Sox likely won't be giving away the game again tonight, we had better hope that the bats show up tonight...along with the mob of angry Trojan fans.


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We are pleased to provide you with the ability to receive email notifications of obituaries posted at our website.
Subscribers will receive an email notification within an hour of us posting an obituary or death notice at our website. This is a complimentary service and you can unsubscribe at any time. Your email address will not be used for any other purpose and will not be shared with third parties.


text:
Syrian rebels close in on capital, block key highway
'This is not the battle for Damascus. This battle is to prepare for the entry into Damascus,' says an opposition spokesman
BEIRUT (AP) — Rebels pushed forward in their battle with the Syrian army in Damascus on Friday, clashing with regime soldiers in contested neighborhoods in the northeast and shutting down a key highway out of the capital with a row of burning tires, activist said.
A number of rebel brigades launched a series of attacks beginning Wednesday against regime checkpoints along the main road to from Damascus to northern Syria and have been clashing in the area since. The government has responded by shelling a number of rebel-held districts nearby.
The fighting this week in Damascus, some of the heaviest since July, has brought the civil war that has destroyed entire neighborhoods of other Syrian cities closer to the heart of the capital, which has mostly been spared heavy fighting. Still, the offensive did not appear to be coordinated with rebels on other sides of Damascus and it was unclear whether the rebels would be able to hold their ground.
Both the rebels and the regime of President Bashar Assad consider the fight for Damascus the most likely endgame in a civil war that has already killed more than 60,000. The government controls movement in and out of the heavily defended city with a network of checkpoints, and rebels have failed so far to make significant inroads.
A spokesman for one of the opposition groups fighting in the area said the rebels sought to open a path for a future assault on the city.
"This is not the battle for Damascus. This battle is to prepare for the entry into Damascus," he said via Skype, giving only his nickname of Abu al-Fida for fear of reprisals.
The fighting revolved around the capital's main highway heading toward the country's north. Abu al-Fida said one checkpoint on the highway changed hands twice on Thursday but was securely in rebel hands Friday. He said rebels were within a half-kilometer (half-mile) from Abbasid square and were firing mortars at a military base near the landmark plaza.
Online videos showed a row of burning tires laid across the highway, blocking all traffic. Smoke rose from a number of areas nearby, reflecting clashes and government shelling.
The videos appeared genuine and corresponded to activist reports.
The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported clashes in Jobar and shelling and airstrikes on the nearby areas of Zamalka and Qaboun. Rebels also battled government troops in the southern neighborhood of Yarmouk, as well as in the rebel-held suburbs of Daraya and Moadamiyeh, where six people died in a government shell attack, it said.
Also Friday, the Observatory said 54 were killed, including 11 women, in a bombing at a bus stop near a military factory earlier in the week.
Observatory director Rami Abdul-Rahman said an explosive-laden mini-bus blew up at a bus stop near the factory in Buraq, near the central city of Hama, while workers were waiting for rides home. The factory makes military supplies, but not weapons, he said.
The area is government-controlled, which is why reports on the blast were slow to emerge.
"These people work for the Ministry of Defense, but they are all civilians," he said, adding that no one from the military was killed in the blast.
Facebook pages for nearby villages posted names of the dead and pictures of mass graves. A page for the nearby town of Salmiyeh listed more than forty residents it said were killed in the blast.
Syria's state news agency reported the explosion on Wednesday evening, saying "terrorists" detonated a car bomb near a factory. It did not say what the factory produced or specify the number of dead and wounded. The regime refers to rebels fighting to topple the Assad regime as terrorists.
No one has claimed responsibility for the blast, which resembled others in recent months that appeared to target buildings associated with Syria's military and security services.
Some of the bombings have been claimed by an al-Qaida-linked group fighting alongside the rebels, Jabhat al-Nusra, which the U.S. had designated a terrorist organization.
As the situation in Syria has worsened, foreign jihadists have flocked to Syria to join what they consider a holy war to replace Assad's regime with an Islamic state in Syria. Most of the foreign fighters are Arabs from Egypt, Tunisia, Libya and other countries.
Late Thursday, the chief of the Netherlands' top intelligence agency warned that dozens of Dutch citizens are fighting with Syria's rebels and could return home battle-hardened, traumatized and radicalized.
General Intelligence and Security Service chief Rob Bertholee told the Dutch show Nieuwsuur that hundreds of people from around Europe and dozens from the Netherlands have travelled to Syria to join rebels fighting Assad.
He said propaganda romanticizing the civil war is helping draw foreigners into Syria's maelstrom of violence.
Syria's crisis began with peaceful protests in March 2011 and evolved into a civil war as the opposition took up arms to fight a government crackdown on dissent. The U.N. said last month that more than 60,000 people have been killed in the conflict.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press.


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We're available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Call us at 1-559-592-9119.
Our support in your time of need does not end after the funeral services. Enter your email below to receive a grief support message from us each day for a year. You can unsubscribe at any time.


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Interpol meeting in Budapest to steer European collaborative strategy against transnational crime
Senior law enforcement officials from throughout Europe are gathering in Budapest for the 42nd Interpol European Regional Conference in order to boost regional strategic responses to contemporary international security threats, the international police agency said in a May 14 2013 statement.
With the global dimensions between local and regional security issues under the spotlight, the role of strategic cross-sector partnerships and INTERPOL's global network in addressing modern policing challenges will be high on the agenda during the three-day conference, from May 14 to 16.
About 140 participants from 50 countries and six international organizations, including Europol, will review areas such as human and drug trafficking, cybercrime, terrorism, fugitive investigations and financial crime, as well as capacity building and training.
Hungary's interior minister, Sándor Pintér, said in his opening address that the conference came at a time when police officers faced a set of new challenges brought by globalization in the age of information technology, including new modus operandi in the areas of cross-border organized crime, cybercrime and terrorism.
"International police co-operation is more important today than ever before. It is INTERPOL, as an alliance of 190 member states, that can provide international support in the most efficient and quickest way," Pintér said.
He said that in areas such as cybercrime, where physical borders are hard to define, the support and contact network of global law enforcement agencies such as Interpol was crucial for law enforcement to be effective.
"Co-operation and coordination between Interpol and authorities across all sectors in the European region and beyond is vital to contend with the interconnected and globalised nature of 21st century transnational crime," Interpol president Mireille Ballestrazzi said.
Ballestrazzi cited how the increasing sophistication of information and communication technology also means that countries are facing new forms of crime, with the 'borderless and anonymous' nature of cybercrime presenting its own unique law enforcement challenges.
With a recent case where in a matter of hours about $45 million was stolen from cash machines in 26 countries in a co-ordinated criminal operation across the internet, and with some estimates putting the cost of cybercrime at 90 billion euro in 2012, the delegates heard how from 2014 the Interpol Global Complex for Innovation in Singapore will considerably support the international community's efforts against cybercrime.
Ballestrazzi also underlined the strength of Interpol''s operational partnerships with international and regional organisations in Europe, including Europol, the European Union, the OSCE, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and the Southeast Europe Police Chiefs Association, together with the continuing need for 'interoperability' between law enforcement systems and databases within and beyond Europe.
In this respect, Interpol and the European Commission launched the INTERPOL West African Police Information System (WAPIS) programme in 2012 to establish a common police information system in Western Africa. Through a system of automated national databases, police forces in 16 African countries will be able to collect, analyse and share information regionally and internationally.
"The strength of our organisation lies in our will to work together, because while we share the same challenges, we can also share our successes. More than at any time in the last century, co-operation between police forces, regional and international organizations, and with the private and public sectors will determine our future success," Ballestrazzi said.
Officials at the conference will look to recommend a series of measures to optimize the use of the tools developed under the Interpol Firearms Programme, promote international action in the recovery of illegal assets, enhance Interpol''s co-operation with Europol to fight cybercrime, and facilitate international police co-operation by developing interoperability between police information systems.
(Photo: Interpol)


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Note: These pages are being reviewed.
How to configure XDebug
This document describes the installation of xdebug. There are separate sections for Linux, Mac OS X and Windows users. However, the information in How to on Linux may be interesting for Windows users as well. Please send your comments to firstname.lastname@example.com if you have any comments or questions.
Other Useful Documents
See installation, configuration instructions:
Flowchart showing basic XDebug installation and configuration procedure
XDebug wizard 'VERY USEFUL' "DON'T OVERLOOK A MUST USE"
Command-line PHP interpreter and how to specify it in Netbeans
Various XDebug-related threads at the NetBeans PHP Users Forum, especially Won't Connect to XDebug
General Information
Edit PHP Configuration - name of configuration file is php.ini
The location of php.ini differs between operating systems, Linux distributions, types of installation (from packages or sources), and/or Windows-based solution stacks (WAMP, XAMP)
Typically, more than one php.ini file exists.
Important note for WAMP: xdebug configuration (below) must be added in WAMP's apache-directory php.ini (e.g. C:\wamp\bin\apache\Apache.x.y.z\bin\php.ini), otherwise it won't be loaded by Apache. Thus configured, it will work in NetBeans, but if you experience "call to unidentified function" in the debug window, add the xdebug configuration to C:\wamp\bin\php\php.a.b.c\php.ini as well.
Xdebug configuration is either inside php.ini or in another ini file often called xdebug.ini - this ini file is then shared between both configurations (Script and Local Web Server)
Xdebug is incompatible with the Zend Optimizer and Zend Studio Debugger extensions. These extensions should be commented out. See user's comment:
;zend_extension_ts = "C:\xampp\php\zendOptimizer\lib\ZendExtensionManager.dll"
;zend_extension_manager.optimizer_ts = "C:\xampp\php\zendOptimizer\lib\Optimizer"
;zend_optimizer.enable_loader = 0
;zend_optimizer.license_path =; Local Variables:
; tab-width: 4
; Local Variables:
; tab-width: 4
; End:
NOTICE: From PHP 5.3 onwards, you need to use zend_extension and not zend_extension_ts.
Tips from the NetBeans Forums
A user provides the following additional tips:
This app is provided by the xdebug guys. You can copy and paste in your PHPinfo, and it gives you the correct version with step-by-step compilation instructions. Many xDebug problems seem to come from tiny mismatches between the exact PHP release you use, and the exact version of xDebug you use. If you simply downloaded the latest version xdebug, or if you got xdebug off a repository, this is probably part of your problem.
Get xdebug's debugclient working on localhost first, then add Netbeans.
If Netbeans is failing to connect, chances are it's a problem with xDebug and nothing to do with Netbeans. First, try to achieve the simplest possible xDebug set up: use the bundled command line client "debugclient" instead of netbeans, on localhost, debugging simple php code (e.g. a phpinfo file), with any firewalls and other competing factors or config disabled or removed. When you've got this running, then your fight with Netbeans will be on solid ground, and will probably be surprisingly easy.
Instructions on installing Debugclient are cunningly hidden right at the bottom of https://xdebug.org/docs/install
As for actually using it, there's almost nothing I could find on xdebug's own site, but there's good tips on the really helpful page Installing the XDebug Debugger - look under "Can I debug locally?" near the bottom. The important thing is, if debugclient hangs on "Waiting to connect", it hasn't necessarily failed, it could be working and listening for a session from your browser.
I personally went as far as setting up an Ubuntu Virtualbox on my Windows machine. This took all Windows-related complications out of the equation, and meant I could casually wipe the whole drive and start all over again when things got complicated. I'd recommend this as it gives you complete control and guarantees no conflicting config files. People have spent days, even more than a week or two fighting to get xdebug to work - spend time now to save time later!
Here's a collection of tips I picked up from 100s of forum posts and from experience:-
Always check there aren't any other php.ini files you haven't configured (on *nix, "find / -name php.ini"). E.g. there are often different php.inis for command line and for web server PHP.
(on *nix) Use the command "netstat -a | grep tcp" when you need to see what's going on with port 9000
Generally, 'fail to bind' type errors are a sign that something is using the port in question. If netstat says port 9000 is busy listening, this is what it's supposed to do. It might be waiting for a browser to start a session - try it! I think http://www.thierryb.net/pdtwiki/index.php?title=Using_PDT_:_Installation_:_Installing_the_XDebug_Debugger has how.
Only use those socket-based php test files like https://blogs.oracle.com/netbeansphp/entry/howto_check_xdebug_installation sparingly. When they hang, they can tie up the port and complicate the question. Reboot and restart Apache often. Also, don't forget to try them through a browser as well as the command line. If this gives you a fancy error screen with backtraces and some orange colouring, that's a good sign - that's xdebug at work!
Don't obsess over every php.ini option. Most of the defaults are fine. The really important ones are the host, and making sure that whatever port you set in php.ini is matched by your client.
Occasionally, on some systems, localhost isn't localhost. If this might affect you (it probably doesn't), put 127.0.0.1 instead.
Look at your other debugging-related php.ini settings. Turn them on. This isn't essential, but it helps a lot. I also uncommented the report_zend_debug = 0 line to make sure that this is off and not competing. I don't know if this helped, but xdebug now works, so it didn't hurt.
In your phpinfo, check that "Debug build" IS "No". If it's "yes", this could be a big problem. Research it. I believe you might need to reinstall PHP, to make sure that it is "no".
Make sure there's nothing Zend other than xDebug in either phpinfo, php -m on the command line (if you've got command line php) or php.ini. If there's any other Zend modules in php.ini, comment them out.
If you are mapping server paths to project paths, you must map the full project folders to each other, not the parent folders. For example, the mapping
D:\apps\apache\2.2\htdocs --> D:\Users\Setebos\Documents\code\php
will not work. The mapping
D:\apps\apache\2.2\htdocs\tutorial --> D:\Users\Setebos\Documents\code\php\tutorial
will work.
XDebug Port Stopped by SELinux
On Linux systems, if your SELinux policies are enforced, NetBeans will not be able to connect. The reason is that SELinux stops apache from any other port other than the known 80. You can tackle the problem by passing the xdebug port (9000) for apache in the SELinux, using the following command:
semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 9000
Optionally, you can disable System Default Enforcing of SELinux.
How to on Linux
e.g. Ubuntu files layout (xdebug configuration is in both php.ini files):
/etc/php5/ |-- apache2 | |-- conf.d -> ../conf.d | |-- php.ini | `-- php.ini.ucf-dist |-- cli | |-- conf.d -> ../conf.d | |-- php.ini | `-- php.ini.ucf-dist `-- conf.d |-- mysql.ini |-- mysqli.ini
alternative Ubuntu files layout (xdebug configuration is in xdebug.ini shared between both configurations. If this is your case then you better add related directives to xdebug.ini. See article Xdebug On Ubuntu):
/etc/php5/ |-- apache2 | |-- conf.d -> ../conf.d | |-- php.ini | `-- php.ini.ucf-dist |-- cli | |-- conf.d -> ../conf.d | |-- php.ini | `-- php.ini.ucf-dist `-- conf.d |-- mysql.ini |-- mysqli.ini |-- xdebug.ini
php.ini (or xdebug.ini) should contain at least following settings (see all settings).
zend_extension=/path/to/xdebug.so xdebug.remote_enable=1 xdebug.remote_handler=dbgp xdebug.remote_mode=req xdebug.remote_host=127.0.0.1 xdebug.remote_port=9000
NOTICE: From PHP 5.3 onwards, you need to use zend_extension and not zend_extension_ts.
Nginx users: Note that restarting nginx will not reload php.ini! You will need to restart PHP, or your server.
/path/to/xdebug.so is just example. Check that the file really exists on given path.
For Script verify that Xdebug appears in the Zend module lists after: php -m
For Local Web Server verify that Xdebug appears in the Zend modules (not PHP Modules) after: : php -mf path_to_ini_file/php.ini
[PHPModules] bcmath bz2 calendar ... [ZendModules] Xdebug
For Local Web Server you can alternatively create a phpinfo.php file containing the line '<?php phpinfo(); ?>', ls run and watch whether information about Xdebug will be displayed
Optionally enable Xdebug logging by adding into php.ini also: xdebug.remote_log=/log_path/xdebug.log
Optionally enable NetBeans PHP debugger logging by starting NetBeans with -J-Dorg.netbeans.modules.php.dbgp.level=400 or by editing netbeans.conf
netbeans/etc/ |-- netbeans.clusters |-- netbeans.conf `-- netbeans.import
whenever php.ini is modified don't forget restart web server (not needed for Script)
How to on MAC OS X Snow Leopard
A google search shows many blogs that state that installing xdebug on MAC is tedious and problematic. Their usual recommendation is to download some precompiled version to be safe. Well, this is probably the easiest way to install XDebug but if it doesn't work then you are in trouble. Compiling your own version of xdebug is actually easier than you would think and you don't even need to use the command line so much.
Built in php and apache
I started with a fresh Snow Leopard installation that comes with prebuilt apache and php.
Get Xdebug Sources and Install
Download your xdebug sources from the xdebug download page. Use the Tailored Installation Instructions to download the correct version. After you press analyze my phpinfo() output you should get a recommended version to download with all necessary instructions for installation.
If there is a php.ini file in your /etc/ folder, add the following to the end. If there is not a php.ini file then simply create the php.ini file. There may be a php.ini.default file. Don't update this file but rather create a new php.ini and add only xdebug directives into it. Change path to xdebug.so to your path, of course.
zend_extension = /usr/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/xdebug.so xdebug.remote_enable=on xdebug.remote_log="/var/log/xdebug.log" xdebug.remote_host=localhost xdebug.remote_handler=dbgp xdebug.remote_port=9000
Above is my entire php.ini file. All other directives are saved in php.ini.default.
Note: xdebug.remote_log is optional.
Note: (probably works with OS X versions before 10.8 Mountain Lion) If you are using PHP from the MAMP package, your php.ini file is in /Applications/MAMP/conf/php5/php.ini by default and the default directory in which to install xdebug.so is /Applications/MAMP/bin/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/.
IMPORTANT for Mac OS X 10.8 (Mountain Lion): Contrary to the note above, you have to make the changes in /Applications/MAMP/bin/php/php5.x.y/conf/php.ini, where php5.x.y is the active PHP version chosen in MAMP
Verify installation
Check the installation either in a browser or in the command line, depending on whether you want to debug a web page or a cli script. The output is the same as on linux or on WIN.
For web page run phpinfo() again.
For command line run the following. You will get longer output but this is the most important part of the output.
$php -i | grep xdebug xdebug.remote_enable => On => On xdebug.remote_handler => dbgp => dbgp xdebug.remote_host => localhost => localhost xdebug.remote_log => /var/log/xdebug.log => /var/log/xdebug.log xdebug.remote_mode => req => req xdebug.remote_port => 9000 => 9000
and that's it!
Notes on Windows Configuration
php.ini location hint for Local Web Server for XAMP on Windows: c:\xamp\apache\bin\php.ini
php.ini location hints for Script(CGI/CLI) for XAMP on Windows: c:\xampp\php\php.ini
for Windows use zend_extension_ts instead of zend_extension (e.g. zend_extension_ts=c:\path\to\php_xdebug.dll). Again c:\path\to\php_xdebug.dll must exist.
NOTICE: From PHP 5.3 onwards, you need to use zend_extension and not zend_extension_ts.
For more information, please see Configuring PHP Development Environment in Windows.
How to configure xdebug with WAMP
installing xdebug on WAMP is a bit diferrent and requires another steps to sucesfully load module. I focus on the easiest use case, installation using precompiled .dll.
I assume these prerequisities:
you have latest version of WAMP installed. That's WAMP 2.0 when writing this tutorial (Apr 15, 2009). These includes:
Apache 2.2.11
I don't care about MySQL at this moment ..,
if you didn't customize your installation paths then you should find php in <wamp_folder>\bin
C:. |-- apache | <some folders> |-- mysql | <some folders> `-- php |-- php5.2.9-1 |-- dev |-- ext |-- extras | |-- mibs | |-- openssl | |-- pdf-related `-- PEAR
folder ext is used for extension and we used it to copy xdebug's dll there. However, you can use whatever folder you want.
download xdebug from https://xdebug.org/download. Carefully choose version you download! There is a description you should read on download page! I downloaded php_xdebug-2.0.4-5.2.8.dll for WAMP2 with prerequisities above. Consult our FAQ at the end of this page if you need more help on choosing a version.
open your php.ini that is easily accesible from tray. Wamp tray icon → PHP → php.ini
add following lines to your php.ini. Use full path! (change your .dll name to match your version, of course)
zend_extension_ts="C:/wamp/bin/php/php5.2.9-1/ext/php_xdebug-2.0.4-5.2.8.dll" xdebug.remote_enable=on xdebug.remote_handler=dbgp xdebug.remote_host=localhost xdebug.remote_port=9000
NOTICE: From PHP 5.3 onwards, you need to use zend_extension and not zend_extension_ts.
note that you always use zend_extension_ts unless you intentionally installed non thread safe apache version
restart WAMP services (restart Apache is enough)
open localhost (or WAMP server default page) and check if xdebug is between Loaded Extensions
click on phpinfo() on default WAMP page or create file containing <? phpinfo() ?>. You should see the same as for Linux tutorial above:
You can check your configuration using simple script written by Radek Matous and posted on blog.oracle.com. If you are using WAMP then you don't have php on path, most probably. All you have to do is to copy this code to php file and then call it from browser with $_GET variable in url ?XDEBUG_SESSION_START=mysession. Let's say your file i called dbgtest.php and it's in web directory. All you have to do is type http://localhost/dbgtest.php?XDEBUG_SESSION_START=mysession.
If xdebug is properly installed then script started in step 1. should print message like "connection established: Resource id #5". If no message is printed and the script is still running, then xdebug isn't installed properly or uses different port or whatever else. So, kill the running process and investigate where the problem is, but this is the other story.
<?php $address = '127.0.0.1'; $port = 9000; $sock = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); socket_bind($sock, $address, $port) or die('Unable to bind'); socket_listen($sock); $client = socket_accept($sock); echo "connection established: $client"; socket_close($client); socket_close($sock); ?>
if something goes wrong then check your PHP Error Log that you can find after invoking WAMP context menu from system tray
e,g,: WAMP icon → PHP → Error Log
Probably typo or file was not found if you see this:
PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library 'c:/wamp/bin/php/php5.2.9-1/ext/php_xdebug-2.0.4-5.2.8.dl' - The specified module could not be found. in Unknown on line 0
You downloaded wrong version of php.ini if you see following:
PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library 'c:/wamp/bin/php/php5.2.9-1/ext/php_xdebug-2.0.4-5.3.0-vc9.dll' - The application has failed to start because its side-by-side configuration is incorrect. Please see the application event log for more detail. in Unknown on line 0
Do NOT use XAMPP 1.7.0. If you set up XDebug as described here, the Apache server crashes when you run or debug a file or project. The workaround prevents the IDE from stopping at breakpoints. XAMPP 1.7.1 is fine, with XDebug 2.0.4 VC 5.2 thread-safe.
If you are trying to debug a Zend Framework project, make sure you set the Run Configuration - you can do this by selecting the "properties" of the project.
If you are having problems with "Register Provider" then try updating to the latest Zend Framework. Latest known issues are regarded to version 1.10. You can either just download and unzip over the top of the old framework, or if it is in XAMP you can use pear to update. To update in PEAR use the commands: pear channel-discover pear.zfcampus.org, pear install zfcampus/zf. For windows users: make sure you start the command line instance with administrator priviledges and you starting directory should be //XAMPinstall/php/
try to check Apache Error Log as well.
Enable Xdebug logging
by adding into php.ini: xdebug.remote_log=/log_path/xdebug.log (see https://xdebug.org/docs/all_settings) the content of log is in /log_path/xdebug.log (this path is just an example, for Windows something like: C:... && xdebug must be writable )
Enable NetBeans PHP debugger logging
helpful is to turn on the debugger-related logging and attach the log into Issuezilla as well. See following simple steps:
Running NetBeans with logging turned on. You can do this by:
either adding the text:-J-Dorg.netbeans.modules.php.dbgp.level=400 to your $NB_BIN/etc/netbeans.conf, property netbeans_default_options or running NetBeans directly with those parameters, like: $NB_BIN/bin/netbeans -J-Dorg.netbeans.modules.php.dbgp.level=400
When NetBeans starts up, reproduce the bug, so it is logged into the log files.
Then file a new issue (click this link) and attach (or just send me directly):
the content of IDE log file Menu -> View -> IDE Log File (or directly $YOUR_NB_USER_DIR/var/log/messages.log) the content of the Output Window
Attach (or just send me directly) both log files xdebug.log and messages.log
Remote Debuging
For Remote Web Server configuration Xdebug must be properly configured on remote server (not on local one)
you need to have correctly configured property xdebug_remote.host on remote machine. The IP address of local machine has to be defined in this property. For example, you want to debug your source code on remote machine 192.168.0.1 using Netbeans installed on 192.168.0.2. You need to change xdebug.remote_host on 192.168.0.1 to xdebug.remote_host=192.168.0.2. If doesn't work verify you have port configured in xdebug.remote_port open on both machines.
sometimes, Path Mapping must be used
Using xdebug_file_link_format with NetBeans
In php.ini, the xdebug option xdebug.file_link_format opens the given file path in your editor of choice if it has a custom URL scheme. You can use this option with NetBeans but you have to customize your environment. A discussion of ways and means of using xdebug_file_link_format with NetBeans is available on The PHP Users Forum.
Other useful resources:
How to configure xdebug to work only on one virtual server ? - an online article on how to configure xdebug
what version of Xdebug should I download?
First, you can try the app that XDebug developers provide for determining the version of XDebug to download! It's located at https://xdebug.org/wizard. Paste the full output of phpinfo() (either a copy & paste of the HTML version or php -i output) into the form and submit it. The app returns tailored download and installation instructions. Do not paste the raw HTML (from view-source) into the form.
If this form does not work for you and you need to find the XDebug version manually, Xdebug has a simple rule for choosing a version of xdebug extension youneed to download: "The Windows binaries generally work for every mini release for the mentioned PHP version, althoughthe extension is built against the most current PHP version at that time. The VCx marker tells with which compiler the extension was built, and Non-thread-safe whether ZTS was disabled. Those qualifiers need to match the PHP version you're using."
You need to get answers on few simple questions, firstly 1. whats your version of php? there are more ways to find this out either
$ php -v PHP 5.2.6-3ubuntu4.1 with Suhosin-Patch 0.9.6.2 (cli) (built: Apr 23 2009 14:37:14) Copyright (c) 1997-2008 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2008 Zend Technologies with Xdebug v2.0.3, Copyright (c) 2002-2007, by Derick Rethans
or create a file
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
you should get output like below after running it in browser
Clearly my version of php is 5.2.6-3
Do I need Non Thread Safe or Thread Safe version? non-threaded use of PHP" for example the CLI, CGI or Apache 1.3 module threaded usage of PHP, for example the Apache 2 work MPM or the the ISAPI module
either run on Linux
$ apache2 -V Server version: Apache/2.2.11 (Ubuntu) Server built: Jun 11 2009 03:24:38 Server's Module Magic Number: 20051115:21 Server loaded: APR 1.2.12, APR-Util 1.2.12 Compiled using: APR 1.2.12, APR-Util 1.2.12 Architecture: 64-bit ==Server MPM: Prefork!!!== ==threaded: no!!!== ==forked: yes (variable process count)!!!== Server compiled with.... -D APACHE_MPM_DIR="server/mpm/prefork" -D APR_HAS_SENDFILE -D APR_HAS_MMAP -D APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled) -D APR_USE_SYSVSEM_SERIALIZE -D APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE -D SINGLE_LISTEN_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT -D APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD -D AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS -D DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=128 -D HTTPD_ROOT="" -D SUEXEC_BIN="/usr/lib/apache2/suexec" -D DEFAULT_PIDLOG="/var/run/apache2.pid" -D DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status" -D DEFAULT_LOCKFILE="/var/run/apache2/accept.lock" -D DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log" -D AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="/etc/apache2/mime.types" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="/etc/apache2/apache2.conf"
or on Windows
C:\wamp\bin\apache\Apache2.2.11\bin>httpd Server version: Apache/2.2.11 (Win32) Server built: Dec 10 2008 00:10:06 Server's Module Magic Number: 20051115:21 Server loaded: APR 1.3.3, APR-Util 1.3.4 Compiled using: APR 1.3.3, APR-Util 1.3.4 Architecture: 32-bit ==Server MPM: WinNT!!!== ==threaded: yes (fixed thread count)!!!== ==forked: no !!!== Server compiled with.... -D APACHE_MPM_DIR="server/mpm/winnt" -D APR_HAS_SENDFILE -D APR_HAS_MMAP -D APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD -D AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS -D DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=128 -D HTTPD_ROOT="/apache" -D SUEXEC_BIN="/apache/bin/suexec" -D DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runti -D DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error.log" -D AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="conf/mime.types -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf"
the other option is to have a look on phpinfo on
or you can use command line Linux:
$ php -i | grep "Thread Safety" Thread Safety => disabled
C:\wamp\bin\php\php5.2.9-2>php.exe -i -w phpinfo() PHP Version => 5.2.9-2 System => Windows NT FELIPEE-VISTA 6.0 build 6001 Build Date => Apr 9 2009 08:22:37 Configure Command => cscript /nologo configure.js "--enable-snapshot-build" "--enable-debug-pack" "--with-snapshot-template=d:\php-sdk\snap_5_2 vc6\x86\template" "--with-php-build=d:\php-sdk\snap_5_2\vc6\x86\php_build" "--with-pdo-oci=D:\php-sdk\oracle\instantclient10\sdk,shared" "--with oci8=D:\php-sdk\oracle\instantclient10\sdk,shared" Server API => Command Line Interface Virtual Directory Support => enabled Configuration File (php.ini) Path => C:\Windows Loaded Configuration File => C:\wamp\bin\php\php5.2.9-2\php.ini Scan this dir for additional .ini files => (none) additional .ini files parsed => (none) PHP API => 20041225 PHP Extension => 20060613 Zend Extension => 220060519 Debug Build => no Thread Safety => enabled Zend Memory Manager => enabled IPv6 Support => enabled Registered PHP Streams => php, file, data, http, ftp, compress.zlib Registered Stream Socket Transports => tcp, udp Registered Stream Filters => convert.iconv.*, string.rot13, string.toupper, string.tolower, string.strip_tags, convert.*, consumed, zlib.*
My Thread Safety is apparently disabled so I don't need thread safe version. If you use Windows you most probably need thread safe version.
And that's it! Go to Xdebug download page and download appropriate file. I need veersion marked as 5.2. and NonThreadSafe.
How to build Xdebug (useful for php5.3)
If you build your php5.3 from sources then the best way how to get stable xdebug to your Ubuntu is to build it. Well, building from sources can be tedious but building xdebug is pretty easy process. So, let's get started. I am using Karmic Koala release of Ubuntu.
This process is well described on https://xdebug.org/docs/install as well.
Get your xdebug sources
Download sources from Xdebug download page. Xdebug 2.1.beta2 (or beta3 when you checkout sources) is current release that correctly works with php5.3.x (at the time being).
$ wget http://xdebug.org/files/xdebug-2.1.0beta2.tgz
svn co svn://svn.xdebug.org/svn/xdebug/xdebug/trunk xdebug
Extract Xdebug sources
if you downloaded .tgz then extract somewhere
$ tar -xzf xdebug-2.1.0beta2.tgz
$ cd xdebug-2.1.0beta2
$ phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version: 20090626
Zend Module Api No: 20090626
Zend Extension Api No: 220090626
then run xdebug configure script
./configure --enable-xdebug
Set up your environment
configure php.ini
$ sudo gedit /etc/php5/apache/php.ini
and add xdebug.so path to the end of file.
restart apache
$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
and have a look if phpinfo() output contains xdebug module.
Please, refer to https://xdebug.org with xdebug installation, build process. You may want to see "installation how to" on https://xdebug.org/docs/install in particular.
Meet php version requirements
As written on xdebug web page, if configure script fails with something like:
../configure: line 1960: syntax error near unexpected token
../configure: line 1960: ` PHP_NEW_EXTENSION(xdebug, xdebug.c
xdebug_code_coverage.c xdebug_com.c xdebug_handler_gdb.c
xdebug_handler_php3.c xdebug_handlers.c xdebug_llist.c xdebug_hash.c
xdebug_profiler.c xdebug_superglobals.c xdebug_var.c usefulstuff.c,
then it means that you do not meet the PHP 4.3.x version requirement for Xdebug.
Upgrade your autotools
If you get:
configure: line 1145: PHP_INIT_BUILD_SYSTEM: command not found
configure: line 1151: syntax error near unexpected token `config.nice'
configure: line 1151: `PHP_CONFIG_NICE(config.nice)'
You will need to upgrade your autotools (autoconf, automake and libtool) or install the known working versions: autoconf-2.13, automake-1.5 and libtool-1.4.3.


text:
High Wycombe Magazine
Your Way To UK Success
The local and national news and information site for towns and Counties in the UK.
We have grouped together information of towns in the UK and published them on individual websites.
Therefore each town has its own space on our Counties website.If you need any information please contact us.
We have hotel sites and general information sites.News sites and magazine sites.
We also have solicitors information sites.
The other section that may be of interest is the Top Zones Section.
This section has its own property section and covers all interests from boats to fashions.
We have a general motoring section and a property and estate agent guides.
Most of our publications can be used on various devices ie Mobile phones
British Mags
The Top Zones
Future 60 (Comments)
Get Your Local News
Top Zones
Top Fashion Zone
Buckinghamshire News BBC
Key Biz Buckinghamshire
Jobs 100
Bucks Fire
Adventure Bubble
Business Now Mag
England BBC
UK Government Info
Wycombe District Council
Thames Valley Police
The Local Newspaper
Solicitors in Buckinghamshire
BBC Weather


text:
These are familiar phrases when it comes to planning. Financial Concepts Inc is committed to serving our clients and working as their Personal Wealth Coach. Today's investor does not lack information. In fact, investors have access to more information and resources than ever. How do you put it "all together"?
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As your Personal Wealth Coach, our process provides professional financial solutions, assuring
you of the widest diversity of opportunities to achieve your financial objectives.
Important Investing Information: Not all investments and services mentioned are available in all states. Money Concepts registered representatives are restricted to conduct business only with residents of a state and/or jurisdiction for which they are properly registered. When investing from outside of the United States, you are subject to the securities and tax regulations governing your jurisdiction. Contact us directly for detailed information about investment regulations outside of the United States. Registered Representatives State License Disclosure
note: Financial Concepts Inc is an independent firm and not affiliated with Money Concepts


text:
The Meccano Society of Scotland
Magic Motor Reversing Vehicle
Menstrie Challenge 2007
To produce a vehicle which will automatically reverse as many times as possible between a pair of vertical obstacles 4 feet apart.
- The motive power shall be a post Second World War Magic clockwork motor.
- All parts of the model must be standard numbered Meccano or Meccano replica parts and appear in the ISM Inclusive Parts List.
- The Magic Clockwork Motor shall be an integral part of the moving model.
- The maximum size of the vehicle to be width 9 inches and length 12 inches.
- The model must start without assistance.
- Once an attempt is under way, the competitor may not touch it except to straighten its course if necessary.
- Each entrant will be allowed three attempts, the most number of reversals accomplished in any one attempt being the one taken in to consideration when deciding the winner.
- The winner will be defined as the entrant whose model covers the greatest number of reversals on a level floor on one winding.
- Proxy contestants are welcome


text:
Types of Allergens
Topic Overview
Pollen, molds, dust mites, or animal dander cause most allergic rhinitis and trigger asthma attacks in some people.
Plants make pollen. The pollens that can cause allergies are usually from trees, grasses, or weeds. These pollens are small, light, and dry, so the wind easily picks them up and carries them, often for long distances. Flowers also make pollen, which is spread by insects. Usually, only a little flower pollen gets into the air. So people usually do not have symptoms from this kind of pollen.
The pollen count measures the pollen in the air. When this number is high, you will be more likely to have an allergic reaction if you are allergic to pollens. Windy, dry weather often results in a high pollen count, while damp weather lowers it.
During the allergy season, TV stations, newspapers, or medical centers report local pollen counts. If you have allergies, find out where the pollen counts are advertised so you can avoid pollen when the counts are high. You may also look up the National Allergy Bureau's website for pollen count information at www.aaaai.org/nab/index.cfm?p=reading_charts.
The exact dates of pollen seasons vary in different parts of the United States, but usually:
- Winter and spring bring tree pollens.
- Late spring to midsummer brings grass pollens.
- Late summer to early fall brings weed pollens. Ragweed pollen is a common cause of allergic rhinitis in the United States.
Mold looks like green, black, or white splotches on plants or on damp surfaces. Mold contains spores, which float in the air like pollen. If you are allergic to mold, breathing in the spores will cause a reaction.
Mold can live on soil, plants, rotting wood, or dead leaves. Indoors, it can live in damp places like basements, bathrooms, refrigerators, and window sills. Some outdoor mold spores are more likely to be in the air on dry, windy days; others are more likely to be present on rainy days.
Dust mites
Dust mites are tiny, eight-legged creatures (arachnids) that are so small you can only see them with a microscope. Dust mites eat dead flakes of human skin. They do not bite or spread disease. People are allergic to the insects' droppings, not the insects themselves. If you are allergic to dust mites, you usually have a problem all year.
Dust mites live mostly in carpeting, bedding, furniture, or stuffed animals. How clean your home is has nothing to do with whether you have dust mites. They thrive in warm, damp conditions where the humidity is more than 50%. They are not found in cold or dry climates.
Animal dander
Animal dander is loose skin cells (like dandruff) from animals such as dogs and cats. These skin cells contain saliva or other material from the animals. The cells float in the air. If you are allergic to animal dander, when you breathe in the cells you may have an allergic reaction.
Animal dander causes the allergy, not animal fur or hair. The length of the fur on an animal does not affect how allergic you are to an animal.
Cockroaches cause an allergic reaction in many people. The reaction results from breathing the air where there are dead cockroaches and their droppings (feces).
Current as of: April 7, 2019
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:E. Gregory Thompson MD – Internal Medicine & Adam Husney MD – Family Medicine & Martin J. Gabica MD – Family Medicine & Kathleen Romito MD – Family Medicine & Rohit K Katial MD – Allergy and Immunology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. Learn how we develop our content.


text:
Estimated read time: 2-3 minutes
This archived news story is available only for your personal, non-commercial use. Information in the story may be outdated or superseded by additional information. Reading or replaying the story in its archived form does not constitute a republication of the story.
NEW YORK (AP) - NBC News President Steve Capus, who presided over years of strong ratings at the news division and expanded digital offerings but was hurt by the downfall of the "Today" show, said Friday that he was resigning.
The Philadelphia-area native joined NBC News 20 years ago and produced various newscasts for Brian Williams before being appointed news division president by Jeff Zucker, at the time chief of NBC Universal, on the week that Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans in 2005.
NBC parent company Comcast Corp.'s decision last year to appoint Pat Fili-Krushel to a supervisory role over the company's news properties signaled to many that Capus' tenure was nearing an end. His contract gave Capus an opt-out provision and he chose to exercise it. Capus said in an email to staff members that "it is now time to head in a new direction," although he hasn't said what that might be.
"I have seldom described my role as presiding over NBC News," Capus said. "Instead, I have viewed it as leading a collaborative effort to pursue journalistic excellence."
A primary yardstick for network news' success is the ratings for the flagship evening news program, and NBC's broadcast with Williams has held on to the top spot. Capus has expanded NBC's reach with specialty websites aimed at black and Latino audiences, and reached a deal to take over all responsibility for the main NBC news site, buying out Microsoft's stake.
Capus also oversaw the MSNBC news division. MSNBC has become profitable through its decision to skew liberal in its commentary.
Tim Russert's sudden death forced Capus to revamp the Sunday morning political talk show "Meet the Press," where David Gregory has run hot and cold since taking over.
The profitable "Today" show has taken a hard fall in the past year and now runs a consistent second to ABC's "Good Morning America." NBC was widely criticized for mismanagement of Ann Curry's dismissal as "Today" anchor last summer. Jim Bell, the show's executive producer, stepped down last fall.
Fili-Krushel set out a new temporary management structure, increasing the authority of executives Alex Wallace and Antoine Sanfuentes, until she names a successor.
"NBC News is America's leading source of television news and Steve has been a big part of that success," Fili-Krushel said in a memo to staff members.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


text:
Titanium Polack Corneal Suturing Forceps,Colibri style, Two 2.75 long tips ,0.12mm 1x2 teeth, 75mm long
Item No.: 1401381W
Material: Titanium
Forceps Length: 75mm
tips: 2.75mm long tips
Teeth Height: 0.12mm
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Princeton community members present photographic perspectives on the question "What Is Hope?" in an exhibition opening Monday, Dec. 14, in the Murray-Dodge Hall lobby.
The exhibition includes 33 images selected from more than 100 submissions by Princeton students, faculty and staff. It is sponsored by the offices of religious life, the dean of undergraduate students and the vice president for campus life as well as the Lewis Center for the Arts and The Daily Princetonian.
"Some photos radiate from a center of joy and possibility, others challenge us to consider what forms hope takes in banal or desperate situations," said Paul Raushenbush, associate dean of religious life and one of the exhibition's curators. "Through these photos we remember that hope is difficult to define, elusive and yet central and crucial to the act of living and growing."
In addition to Raushenbush, curators of this year's exhibition were: Eve Aschheim, senior lecturer in visual arts in the Lewis Center; Janet Dickerson, vice president for campus life; Thomas Dunne, associate dean of undergraduate students; Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, senior lecturer in sociology; senior Zachary Ruchman, co-executive editor for photography at The Daily Princetonian; and Jeffrey Stout, professor of religion.
The curators selected portraits, landscapes and other images that were taken around the world and offer viewpoints on hope in its many forms.
"We were measuring two factors: the quality of the photograph itself and, equally important, how it evoked a response in the group to the question of what is hope," Raushenbush said. "Some of these photos inspired pretty animated debate on the very question of hope and how each person on the committee saw, or didn't see, hope in a given photograph. It showed how subjective hope can be and how it is tied into our own experiences and even aesthetics. I think hope is something harder to visualize, although you know it when you feel it."
"What Is Hope?" is the latest in an annual series of exhibitions of photographs by Princeton community members who were asked to submit images addressing concepts such as sacredness, family and peace.
"What Is Hope?" will be on view in Murray-Dodge through Wednesday, Dec. 1, 2010. The exhibition also can be viewed online.