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Pirenzepine For Treating Peripheral Neuropathy – How To Cure Nerve Pain (For Good!)
Pirenzepine For Treating Peripheral Neuropathy
Pirenzepine For Treating Peripheral Neuropathy Pain caused by nerves is more commonly regarded as neuralgia is caused and triggered by a number of things and can be very difficult to treat. It is characterized by a sharp pain or a tingling feeling, sometimes accompanied by spasms, especially if experienced in the lower back. However it is possible to achieve nerve pain relief, although it might take some time.
There are many different types of nerve pain in different areas in the body and it usually affects older people, although there are cases where it has affected people of all ages. It can be caused by damage to the nerves from drugs, damage to the nerve from alcohol, damage to the tibial nerve, damage to the brachial plexus in the arm, damage to the radial nerve in the arm, damage to the sciatic nerve, autonomic neuropathy, and damage to the ulnar nerve or damage to the femoral nerve, among others. When nerves are run down or have pressure exerted on them, are inflamed or compressed, this can also cause pain, which has the potential to be incredibly sore. Tumors or hernias can cause the pressure on nerves and infections have also been known to affect nerves. Diabetes, sciatica and after someone has suffered from shingles can also cause neuralgia. All of these make it difficult to achieve nerve pain relief quickly.
>>>End Diabetic Nerve Pain [Click Here]<<<
To alleviate this type pain, you need to find a solution to the cause, not just something that will temporarily cause nerve pain relief. However it is often difficult to locate the cause. Instant remedies include putting an ice pack on the area that is painful or putting a heat treatment on the painful area. Massaging deep into the area or having aromatherapy treatment (using different oils) might also bring some relief as well as stretching and strengthening exercises which might relieve tense muscles that could be putting pressure on the affected nerves. Loosening these muscles may take the pressure off the nerves, providing nerve pain relief.
However it is sometimes the case that the pain does not go away after these simple remedies and you have to consult a physician who will try and locate the cause of the neuralgia more effectively. Depending on the cause, different treatments might work for nerve pain relief as well as targeting the original cause. In the mean time, anti-inflammatory drugs or painkillers can be prescribed to alleviate the pain and discomfort.
If, for example, the cause of the neuralgia is diabetes, ways to treat this condition will be looked at so that it does not have an impact on the nerves, which ultimately will then help in the nerve pain relief. Should a tumor or herniated disk be what is causing the pressure on the nerves, ways of treating this will be looked at, which will help with the nerve pain relief. Thus the doctor will try and diagnose the cause of the pain and remedy this effectively.
In terms of alternative remedies, acupuncture or acupressure have been suggested as a way to obtain relief from pain. There have also been suggestions of electrodes being used with the help of a physical therapist, to relieve the painful area. Hypnotherapists have also been consulted for nerve pain relief. Certain whole grain cereals such as oats have been suggested as helping with pain as well.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6205030
>>>End Diabetic Nerve Pain [Click Here]<<<
Sciatic Nerve Pain Is A Symptom Of A Cause
Sciatic nerve pain is often characterized by a tingling sensation, sharp pain or numbness down the leg or in one area of the leg, often only on one side. It is also often a pain that is very difficult to get rid of as it is a result of sciatica, which can be caused by many different things. However sciatica pain can be crippling.
The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body, running from the bottom of the back, through the hip, knee and to the ankle. When this nerve is damaged or has pressure exerted on it, it can cause intense sciatic nerve pain deep inside the leg. This is called sciatica. Sciatica can be caused by a number of things. If the piriformis muscle which is located deep in the hip joint, chokes the nerve this can cause sciatica. Herniated or slipped disks can put enormous pressure on the sciatic nerve, resulting in pain. More serious conditions such as cancer can result in sciatica as well, if a tumor is putting pressure on the nerve. Pirenzepine For Treating Peripheral Neuropathy
Sciatic nerve pain is very difficult to treat as it is a symptom of a cause. Thus it is very important to identify the cause so that it can be targeted, resulting in permanent pain alleviation. What may work in relieving pain for one cause, may not work for another cause.
If sciatica is related to muscle tension like piriformis syndrome, it is often recommended that someone suffering from sciatic nerve pain does exercises and stretches. Physical therapists can help with this. Exercises and stretches will help to strengthen muscles around the sciatic nerve, taking pressure off them. Releasing the priformis muscle, for example, and strengthening the gluteus muscle for support of the hips can take enormous pressure off the nerves. Doing hamstring stretches, pelvic tilts and thigh exercises can also help to strengthen leg muscles, relieving sciatic nerve pain. Having the leg and hip joint massaged can also help to release tense muscles, especially if the massage works deep into the muscles. Acupuncture to loosen muscles has also been suggested as an alternative remedy to relieve pain.
Anti-inflammatory drugs or painkillers can sometimes be recommended for sciatica nerve pain if it is severe, especially when the pain is caused by a slipped disk or a herniated disk. People suffering from disk problems are also advised to rest and not lift any heavy objects or take part in activity that could result in more damage to their back. Putting ice packs or heat packs on the sore or inflamed area can also help relieve the nerve pain temporarily as well as ease the painful spot. An epidural injection may also be administered if the pain is critical.
The last resort for sciatica if it continues is surgery. Surgery is either a microdiscectomy or a lumbar laminectomy, designed to take away the piece of disk that is damaging or putting pressure on the nerve.
Although difficult, sciatic nerve pain can be treated, however the cause must be diagnosed first. With regards to sciatic exercises, they need to be done regularly to keep sciatic nerve pain at bay. If the pain persists, it is necessary to consult your doctor or physician to look into other methods of pain relief and possibly surgery. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6164486
Fortunately, as a friend and neuropathy treatment coach, my message to these neuropathy sufferers is simply this: Be of good cheer! There is a solution. Click here to jump to it now
Pirenzepine For Treating Peripheral Neuropathy
The 5 False Facts Your Doctor Mistakenly Promotes Pirenzepine For Treating Peripheral Neuropathy
The medical community is largely responsible for this misinformation being passed on to the suffering patient. In my view it is the job and responsibility of the family doctor to teach the patient about their neuropathy problem. It is also the doctor's job to train the patient in what they can do to improve and manage their neuropathy case successfully.
===> How To End Peripheral Neuropathy [Click Here]<<<
Many neuropathy patients, suffering with foot or hand pain, tingling, numbness, burning, and other evasive and hard to describe neuropathy symptoms, don't even know the name of their condition! And while others do, that is essentially all they know. With this in mind I want to address some of the most commonly INCORRECT "facts" that suffering neuropathy patients have been told, or come to understand, due to the lack of patient education by the medical community.
1. Neuropathy comes with age, and there is nothing you can do about it.
This statement is only partially correct, inasmuch as aging can contribute to the increased onset and intensity of the neuropathy condition. There are however, many simple techniques and procedures that any person can learn which will offset many of these effects of aging as they relate to peripheral neuropathy.
One example of the many easy things that can be done is to simply recline on the sofa for a fifteen minute nap with the feet propped up on the back of the sofa above the level of the body. This simple "exercise" allows stagnated, toxin laden blood in the feet and lower legs to move more rapidly back to the heart and lungs with the assistance of gravity, where it will be oxygenated and cleansed.
2. We do not know what causes neuropathy.
This is absolutely incorrect! Most causes of neuropathy are indeed known and not difficult to understand. Cancer patients being treated with chemotherapy, for example, are at very high risk for developing neuropathy. The poisonous effects of the powerful cancer killing drugs are known to damage the sensory nerves in the feet, hands and other peripheral areas. Diabetes is an obvious and well-known catalyst for peripheral neuropathy as well. A lesser known example is the sudden reduction of blood pressure due to anti-hypertensive prescriptions, which is nonetheless perhaps one of neuropathy's leading causes.
Since neither surgery nor prescription drugs are effective at "curing" peripheral neuropathy, most physicians are not willing to take the time to educate and manage these types of cases and will instead simply tell the patient that there is no known cause or cure, and that the best that can be offered are powerful, painkilling drugs. This is truly an unfortunate and incorrect approach to a very treatable condition.
3. There are no treatment procedures for neuropathy.
In reality the best treatment procedures for peripheral neuropathy do not need to be administered by a doctor. Therefore the doctor is neither motivated to learn them nor teach to the patient. Experience has proven that most family doctors are not even aware of these methods and are not motivated to get involved with this type of patient management; this is because it is too time intensive and not worthwhile financially. Patients must therefore assume the responsibility of learning and implementing the methods of self-treatment. I have created a simple step-by-step program that will teach you these methods which you can get at this link
This is actually a good and positive thing! Significant amounts of money will be saved by the patient taking over their own case and not paying the high professional fees. By reducing these costs, most any person is able to correct their neuropathy problem without the financial burdens that prevent many individuals from getting the care which they otherwise need and deserve.
4. Neuropathy just gets worse with time, and you have to accept that you are "stuck" with it.
This statement is only true if the neuropathy patient ignores their condition and takes no remedial action. If corrective, self-treatment procedures are implemented by the patient, the miserable symptoms of neuropathy can be greatly improved. Instead of the condition worsening and an individual finding himself "stuck" with it, life gets much better as the pain, numbness, and tingling sensations get better and normal life returns. This is made possible as the sufferer begins taking easy and proven steps which I reveal in my neuropathy program for improving the circulation in the legs and feet.
5. Since you are diabetic, there is no help available for you.
This very incorrect but common statement is so unfortunate and untrue. Although the condition of diabetes does indeed complicate the condition of neuropathy, it does not eliminate the diabetic patient from significant help with their neuropathy condition. Most persons with severe diabetic neuropathy would be very satisfied with 30-70% improvement of their condition. This is what we have experienced by teaching diabetic individuals how to increase circulation and regenerate the health of their sensory nerves in the legs, feet, and hands.
In terms of all of the misconceptions I've just addressed, it is ultimately the responsibility of the neuropathy sufferer to prove them incorrect for himself, by acquiring the information and education necessary to start the healing process on his own. A doctor likely won't hold your hand through this process, nor even point you in the right general direction. Unfortunately, that's just not the way the system as it is set up today works.
For more information on how you can began taking charge of your neuropathy condition as soon as today, I invite you to review the special, highly effective resolution program I created uniquely for peripheral neuropathy sufferers. You can Click Here to go directly to the program's website now.
>>> Click Here to Learn How to End Chronic Peripheral Neuropathy & Diabetic Nerve Pain
Pirenzepine For Treating Peripheral Neuropathy
Final Thoughts
Peripheral Neuropathy can be a painful condition which medical professionals seem to deem incurable. However, many people have been cured by Dr. Randall C. Labrum's program. The program is presented in six simple steps which anyone can easily do. Each step is explained in plain English and illustrated in clear, step-by-step detail. By employing these steps the neuropathy sufferer will enhance the health of their peripheral sensory nerves and the surrounding environment, thereby reducing the pain, numbness, tingling, and other symptoms characteristic of the condition. Measurable and usually dramatic improvement is reasonable to expect in just a short time upon following my program.
Please do not fail yourself with prejudice, doubt, indecision or lack of action.
Recovery, healing and prevention are waiting for you, but you alone must take the responsibility and fulfill the simple, easy to learn steps which lead to dramatic improvement of this frustrating condition.
{Pirenzepine For Treating Peripheral Neuropathy


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BlackBerry, the company now formerly known as RIM (Research In Motion), formally announced the new BlackBerry 10 platform today along with two phones to run it. The software on these phones is radically different from the old BlackBerry OS and from existing smartphone operating systems. But many important details - technical specs like battery life and availability in the US - are still missing or unclear.
BlackBerry 10 is a radically-different platform, totally unlike the earlier BlackBerry versions and quite unlike anything else on the market. Many details of BlackBerry 10 are still missing, but they should emerge soon.
Research In Motion President and CEO Thorsten Heins began today's BlackBerry 10 rollout event in New York City by announcing the change of the company's name to BlackBerry, giving the company just one well-known brand. The BlackBerry brand and image received considerable dressing up today, as the company also announced that singer/songwriter Alicia Keys will be the company's new Global Creative Director, working with product teams and users.
The company revealed two phones today: the Z10, a full touch-screen model, and the Q10, which includes the famous BlackBerry physical QWERTY keyboard.
Availability of the phones is a complicated matter. The Z10 will be available in the UK tomorrow (January 31), in Canada on February 5, and in the US in March. AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile and Verizon will carry BlackBerry 10, but it appears, based on their announcements, that not all will carry the Q10.
The BlackBerry 10 platform is built on the QNX real-time operating system and completely new upper software layers. The poorly-regarded BlackBerry Web browser is replaced by a modern program built, as are Google's Chrome and Apple's Safari, on the WebKit browser engine.
The user interface on BlackBerry 10 is heavily gesture-based. It is designed to allow you to move within and between applications using only gestures, such as a swipe down from the side, with your thumb. Gestures allow users to quickly switch between applications without going through a home screen, a feature they call BlackBerry Flow. Users can "peek" at an application, partially displaying it over another, without leaving the first.
In a formal approach to the problems of BYOD support in companies, BlackBerry 10 has separate Personal and Work profiles. IT can manage applications and data in the work profile, denying them to users without access, and separating that profile from any effects of applications in the personal profile. Many third party products attempt to create such a distinction in current mobile operating systems, but BlackBerry is the first to build it in.
The BlackBerry Hub is a unified inbox that consolidates communications including e-mail, texting, BBM (BlackBerry Messenger), Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. The Hub also consolidates a historical timeline of communications with your contacts on all these services. The calendar is also integrated into the hub and accessible from it with a single gesture.
"Flick" predicted words from the keyboard to the document. (Click image for larger version.)
BlackBerry is famous for its keyboard, and the company has created a soft keyboard for the Z10 that they claim lives up to BlackBerry standards. As you type, the system estimates words that you may be typing and places them on the keyboard. You can then select them by "flicking" them.
BlackBerry 10 also has built-in multi-language support. In the demos, the mail client recognized English, French, and German typed into the same message.
BlackBerry Remember is a place you can store items of any media type that need attention, from emails to songs. It could serve, for instance, as a to-do list. Remember can have many folders with different collections. Support for Outlook and Evernote are also baked in to Remember.
Another new application is Story Maker. Users can take different kinds of content, including images, music and video, put them in a collection, assign titles and credits, and Story Maker creates a presentation of them automatically which you can share.
While the company described and demonstrated the software in detail today, very little was said about the hardware in the two devices. According to AT&T's Z10 page, that phone has a 4.2 inch display, 1.5 GHz dual-core CPU, front and rear cameras with 720p HD video capture and Bluetooth 4.0. One slide in the rollout said the display had 356 ppi. But that's it. There is no information yet, for example, on the amount of storage or RAM in the devices nor in battery life.
The official retail price of the Z10 from RIM is $149.99 with a thee year contract, but in the US the price will be determined by carriers. Of the US carriers, only AT&T says in its announcement that it will carry both the Z10 and Q10, but no pricing or availability date were provided. Verizon Wireless says it will carry the Z10 for $199.99 with a two year contract, and that only they will offer the white Z10. Sprint says that they will offer the Q10 "later this year," and T-Mobile announces BlackBerry Z10 support, but no pricing or availability.
At launch time, BlackBerry World, the company's onlne store, has over 70,000 applications. The company claims this is, by far, the largest number of apps available for any first-generation mobile operating system at launch, and that thousands of new applications will be added each week. They listed many big names that are either available or committed to support, including Skype, Kindle, and Webex.
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Ever since the end of the Libyan revolution last October, the militias—both secular and Islamist–that overthrew former leader Muammar Gaddafi have acted with impunity. They stole cars and confiscated buildings. They clashed with rival brigades using heavy weaponry they pilfered from military bases. But an interim government too weak and disorganized to confront the brigades was unable to persuade them to merge them into a national army and police force. And so frustrated residents in Benghazi decided to act on their own.
As the U.S. and Libyan government scrambled to find a way to tame those very same militias allegedly behind an attack against the American consulate that left four dead including the U.S. ambassador to Libya, Benghazi residents took things into their own hands. In clashes that extended into the early morning hours, protesters overran the base of a militia suspected of masterminding the raid. The demonstrations started peacefully when 25,000 to 30,000 Benghazi residents poured into the streets shouting slogans such as "No to Terror, No to al-Qaeda" and "No to militias, no to brigades." By nightfall, however, small groups of exasperated citizens raided militia compounds throughout the city.
(PHOTOS: Benghazi: Life During Wartime)
Friday's march grew out of a civil society campaign to highlight a widespread condemnation of the attack that killed American envoy Chris Stevens and three others 10 days ago. "The Friday to Save Benghazi," was advertised on television, radio and the internet. "We want to save Benghazi from the violence and get rid of the militias,"says protest organizer Muhammad Bujan.
The demonstrators began their rally at a downtown hotel at 5 p.m. and marched several miles to al-Kish square where an Islamist militia was holding its own demonstration. Despite its denial of responsibility for the attack on the consulate, the Ansar al-Shari'a brigade had been roundly condemned as being behind the assault. About 3,000 Ansar supporters waved flags with the slogan "There is no God but Allah." They also held up placards that read "We demand that National Conference members [Members of Parliament] and government officials renounce their American citizenship." Some sported long beards and flowing robes favored by Islamist extremists. Others wore plaid button down shirts and jeans.
Around 9 p.m. a group of about 80 men who were furious over Stevens' killing marched on a militia base two miles away in the neighborhood of Sidi Hussein and soon stormed the building as militia fighters fled. Emboldened, they next overran the Ukba bin Nafi'a brigade that is affiliated with Ansar al-Shari'a. "We want them to know that Libya belongs to the people and not those with guns," said Ahmad Obaidi as he joined others ransacking the base. As the crowds grew in size and confidence, they headed towards the Ansar al-Shari'a headquarters in Efoyhat, three miles away. But when they arrived, the group's members refused to surrender and fired a number of warning shots in the air to try to disperse the protesters who refused to flinch. After 10 minutes however, the brigade accepted defeat, making way for the demonstrators to destroy the compound with rocks and pipes.
(PHOTOS: Libya's New Regime: The Fight for Gaddafi's Hometown)
With the fall of every militia base, police forces moved in with heavy weaponry to secure the area. As they did, Benghazi residents celebrated. "We need to get rid of these terrorist gangs," Attiya al-Hasi remarked a few blocks away. "The country belongs to us and not to them." By 3 a.m., government authorities responded by sending out a mass text message calling on residents "to return to your homes and not give the discredited the opportunity to corrupt your noble demonstration."
"Today's protests exposed the amount of stress on society," explained Anas El Gomati, Director of Governance and Security at the Al Sadeq Institute in Tripoli, the capital of Libya. "There is a willingness to go the extra mile in Benghazi to take the first step towards disarming the militias."
The militia and Islamist phenomenon exists in other parts of the country. But Libyans there will find it harder to replicate Benghazi's example. The city of Misrata with its dozens of militias is a state onto itself, running several prisons and preventing foreigners from entering. The city of Zintan has equally powerful brigades and has refused to turn over Gaddafi's son Saif al-Islam to the national government. In both towns the brigades are admired for their role in the revolution and do not suffer from the militia backlash that has become widespread in Benghazi in the wake of the consulate attack. And as long as such brigades retain their societal support, it will be a long time before the scenes in Benghazi will be repeated in other parts of Libya.
MORE: Timeline: What Happened in Libya and How the U.S. Reacted


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SIRCD After-Hours Quotes
After-Hours Trades
Investors may trade in the Pre-Market (4:00-9:30 a.m. ET) and the After Hours Market (4:00-8:00 p.m. ET). Participation from Market Makers and ECNs is strictly voluntary and as a result, these sessions may offer less liquidity and inferior prices. Stock prices may also move more quickly in this environment. Investors who anticipate trading during these times are strongly advised to use limit orders.
- Data is delayed at least 15 minutes. Nasdaq.com will report pre-market and after hours trades.
- Pre-Market trade data will be posted from 4:15 a.m. ET to 7:30 a.m. ET of the following day.
- After Hours trades will be posted from 4:15 p.m. ET to 3:30 p.m. ET of the following day.


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Mount Olive Commercial Door Repair & Replacement
When you have problems with your commercial doors, every minute you spend without them properly functioning can be costing your business money!
When your commercial doors aren't operating properly, it can impact many different aspects of your business operations, from impeding customer flow to making it more challenging for your employees to perform their jobs efficiently.
We provide 24/7, on-call emergency repair service so you don't have to worry about lost time.
Whether you need assistance with sliding door repair, revolving door repair, overhead door repair, or need entirely new doors installed, Toronto Door Repair are the Mount Olive commercial door repair and replacement experts you can trust to provide the solutions you need to get you back to business as quickly as possible.
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Overhead & Commercial Door Repair
We provide complete mechanical and frame repair for loading commercial overhead doors, commercial gates, and other commercial door systems.
With 2 decades of experience, we understand just how important properly functioning doors are to your business operations and profitability. Damaged doors and access equipment make it challenging for customers and staff to efficiently navigate your facility.
There are often early warning signs that your doors are nearing their usable life or requiring maintenance. They may be sticking, sagging, creaking, functioning inconsistently, no longer fitting flush into the frame, or can be harder to open and close than they were originally. We analyze these issues and provide repairs and maintenance to help increase the lifespan of your existing doors.
Our commercial door repair services include:
- Commercial Door Replacement
- Commercial Door Installation
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- Electric Openers
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- Torsion & Extension Spring Replacement
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We offer on-call emergency door repair for businesses 24/7. We assist with break-in repair, door boarding, and other emergency repairs needed to keep your business, customers, and staff safe.
Commercial Door Replacement
Although commercial doors are typically designed to be long-lasting and durable, there will come a time when they reach the end of functional life.
We provide complete Mount Olive, ON door replacement services, whether your doors are damaged beyond repair or no longer meeting the needs of your business. We provide on-site consultations and quotes for your commercial door replacement project, explaining the different options available to you, and helping you to get the right business doors for your needs.
Whether you own a retail store, restaurant, office building, manufacturing or distribution facility, hotel, government building, school, church, or any other business or organization, we provide fast & effective door replacement that suits the style and needs of your business.
From roll-up overhead doors to revolving doors, glass doors, steel back doors, or any other business door type, our experts are dedicated to providing quality door solutions and service. Whether you need replacement due to damage, vandalism, weathering, or due to the changing needs of your business, we deliver the right doors and right solutions when you need them most.
Let's Talk Now- Fast, Free Quote
Toronto Door Repair are your trusted Mount Olive commercial door repair and replacement experts, providing fast, efficient and complete door service. From maintenance and repairs to complete new door installation, we ensure your business is always safely protected behind lock and key.
We understand just how important proper door functioning is to the safety, efficiency, productivity, and profitability of your business. High-quality, functional door systems allow you to not only set a professional tone, they allow you to serve your clients needs as effectively as possible. Whether you need new doors to better suit the aesthetics or operations of your facility, are dealing with the damage left after a break-in, or are tired of struggling with a squeaky door that is hard to close, the business door repair professionals at Toronto Door Repair are here for you!
Call Toronto Door Repair today at (647) 694-7721 for your Fast, Free Quote!


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Calibrate your laptop battery to optimize its performance Inside the laptop battery is microprocessor software, which calculates the battery volume during the charging/ discharging. Batteries must be calibrated from time to time to ensure correctness of the time and the percentage displayed on the screen. You must implement a complete cycle of charging and discharging the battery at the beginning of using the computer, and repeat this cycle every two or three months. The charging and discharging procedure is as follows: 1). Set the Power Supply option first: Right click on the screen and select Property -> Screen Saver -> Power Supply -> Power Use Scheme -> Portable. In all the subsequent operations such as When Computer and Use Battery, select Never. Under the Alert option, deselect Alert for deficient battery and Alert for serious battery shortage. 2). Disconnect the power adapter and use the battery until the computer is powered off due to exhaustion of the battery. 3). Connect the power adapter until the battery is charged to 100%. Before initial use of the computer (or resuming use of the computer after long-term storage), the battery must be
charged to full and discharged for 3-4 times to optimize the performance. The charging process takes more than five hours.You must discharge the battery to let the computer power off, and then charge the battery to 100% to calibrate it. Then you can connect or disconnect the power supply anytime regardless of the status of the battery volume. Moreover, you can perform a deep charging and discharging cycle under control of the protection circuit in a time segment to calibrate the electricity statistics of the battery. However, this does not increase the actual capacity of the battery.Tips: When the battery becomes "empty", the computer enters the hibernation mode forcibly. The battery reserves a certain electricity volume to ensure that the computer can hibernate for a time segment. When the battery is really exhausted, the computer is powered off forcibly. At this time, any open documents will be lost.
Storage of laptop battery If the battery is stored for a long time in the closed-circuit mode, the battery is damaged. If the battery needs to remain idle in a month or a longer time, remove the battery out of the computer, charge it to 60%-80% and store it in a dry, cool and clean place. If the battery remains idle for a long time, the electricity of the battery is ultimately lost and the battery may be damaged. Therefore, after the battery is stored for a time period, it is necessary to perform an effective charging and discharging cycle for the battery. By performing a complete effective charging and discharging cycle for the battery every month, you can ensure a proper storage status and a reasonable service life of the battery.


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- Size 6 suitable for babies 35+ lbs. and 23 diapers per package.
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Community Conversation - Central Illinois Mosque and Islamic Center
The Central Illinois Mosque and Islamic Center holds Friday prayer every week at 1:00. Friday, June 21, WILL staff Jim Meadows and Lindsey Moon visited the mosque to talk with its members as part of the station's Community Conversations initiative.
Overwhelmingly, Muslim men and women who Moon and Meadows spoke with wanted the larger East Central Illinois community to see the mosque as a diverse group of students and professionals. The CIMIC serves 17 counties and dozens of nationalities and ethnicities, and both sunni and shia worship there together.
According to several of the members, its rare for so many ethnicities to worship in the same place. A graduate student at the University of Illinois noted that diversity is in part due to the U of I's Champaign-Urbana campus.
Meadows notes that there is also a rich history surrounding the mosque. The Muslim Student Association was founded on campus at the University of Illinois in the 1950's and has grown to have chapters across the country.
Even though the mosque has a rich history and a diverse community, several members still noted that image maintenance is still a big part of their lives.
One woman who the two spoke with after prayer on Friday said she often wakes up and fears what she'll see when she turns on the news. She's afraid she'll find out a "so-called Muslim will have done something stupid." Another man said he would love to be the engineer who happens to be Muslim, not the Muslim man with a scary name who happens to be an engineer.
Perception of Muslims in the area was affected by 9/11 attacks according to members of the CIMIC. Following the attacks, it did become harder to find a job, and a few said they had encountered prejudice because of their faith.
One of the men at the conversation, who was white and American born, said he sometimes feels like an "exotic creature" from the reaction he gets when he shares that he is Muslim and hopes that will change with time as Muslim men and women become more involved in the community in East Central Illinois. He noted one service project already underway includes the Avicenna Community Health Center, located in Champaign. The center provides medical care to uninsured or underinsured patients and serves anyone from East Central Illinois regardless of their faith.
Every month, Illinois Public Media organizes or participates in other organizations' 'community conversations.' WILL engages in these conversations in an effort to better inform our own news coverage.


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The Open Group Trusted Technology Forum is leading the way to securing global IT supply chains
Listen to the podcast. Find it on iTunes/iPod. Read a full transcript or download a copy. Sponsor: The Open Group.
Register for The Open Group Conference
July 16-18 in Washington, D.C. Watch the live stream.
This BriefingsDirect thought leadership interview comes in conjunction with The Open Group Conference in Washington, D.C., beginning July 16. The conference will focus on enterprise architecture (EA), enterprise transformation, and securing global supply chains.
We're joined in advance by some of the main speakers at the conference to examine the latest efforts to make global supply chains for technology providers more secure, verified, and therefore trusted. We'll examine the advancement of The Open Group Trusted Technology Forum (OTTF) to gain an update on the effort's achievements, and to learn more about how technology suppliers and buyers can expect to benefit.
The expert panel consists of Dave Lounsbury, Chief Technical Officer at The Open Group; Dan Reddy, Senior Consultant Product Manager in the Product Security Office at EMC Corp.; Andras Szakal, Vice President and Chief Technology Officer at IBM's U.S. Federal Group, and also the Chair of the OTTF, and Edna Conway, Chief Security Strategist for Global Supply Chain at Cisco. The discussion is moderated by Dana Gardner, Principal Analyst at Interarbor Solutions. [Disclosure: The Open Group is a sponsor of BriefingsDirect podcasts.]
Here are some excerpts:
Gardner: Why this is an important issue, and why is there a sense of urgency in the markets?
Lounsbury: The Open Group has a vision of boundaryless information flow, and that necessarily involves interoperability. But interoperability doesn't have the effect that you want, unless you can also trust the information that you're getting, as it flows through the system.
Therefore, it's necessary that you be able to trust all of the links in the chain that you use to deliver your information. One thing that everybody who watches the news would acknowledge is that the threat landscape has changed. As systems become more and more interoperable, we get more and more attacks on the system.
As the value that flows through the system increases, there's a lot more interest in cyber crime. Unfortunately, in our world, there's now the issue of state-sponsored incursions in cyberspace, whether officially state-sponsored or not, but politically motivated ones certainly.
So there is an increasing awareness on the part of government and industry that we must protect the supply chain, both through increasing technical security measures, which are handled in lots of places, and in making sure that the vendors and consumers of components in the supply chain are using proper methodologies to make sure that there are no vulnerabilities in their components.
I'll note that the demand we're hearing is increasingly for work on standards in security. That's top of everybody's mind these days.
Reddy: One of the things that we're addressing is the supply chain item that was part of the Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative (CNCI), which spans the work of two presidents. Initiative 11 was to develop a multi-pronged approach to global supply chain risk management. That really started the conversation, especially in the federal government as to how private industry and government should work together to address the risks there.
In the OTTF, we've tried create a clear measurable way to address supply-chain risk. It's been really hard to even talk about supply chain risk, because you have to start with getting a common agreement about what the supply chain is, and then talk about how to deal with risk by following best practices.
Szakal: One of the observations that I've made over the last couple of years is that this group of individuals, who are now part of this standards forum, have grown in their ability to collaborate, define, and rise to the challenges, and work together to solve the problem.
Standards process
Technology supply chain security and integrity are not necessarily a set of requirements or an initiative that has been taken on by the standards committee or standards groups up to this point. The people who are participating in this aren't your traditional IT standards gurus. They had to learn the standards process. They had to understand how to approach the standardization of best practices, which is how we approach solving this problem.
It's sharing information. It's opening up across the industry to share best practices on how to secure the supply chain and how to ensure its overall integrity. Our goal has been to develop a framework of best practices and then ultimately take those codified best practices and instantiate them into a standard, which we can then assess providers against. It's a big effort, but I think we're making tremendous progress.
Gardner: Because The Open Group Conference is taking place in Washington, D.C., what's the current perception in the U.S. Government about this in terms of its role?
Szakal:The government has always taken a prominent role, at least to help focus the attention of the industry.The government has always taken a prominent role, at least to help focus the attention of the industry.
Now that they've corralled the industry and they've got us moving in the right direction, in many ways, we've fought through many of the intricate complex technology supply chain issues and we're ahead of some of the thinking of folks outside of this group because the industry lives these challenges and understands the state of the art. Some of the best minds in the industry are focused on this, and we've applied some significant internal resources across our membership to work on this challenge.
So the government is very interested in it. We've had collaborations all the way from the White House across the Department of Defense (DoD) and within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and we have members from the government space in NASA and DoD.
It's very much a collaborative effort, and I'm hoping that it can continue to be so and be utilized as a standard that the government can point to, instead of coming up with their own policies and practices that may actually not work as well as those defined by the industry.
Conway: Our colleagues on the public side of the public-private partnership that is addressing supply-chain integrity have recognized that we need to do it together.
More importantly, you need only to listen to a statement, which I know has often been quoted, but it's worth noting again from EU Commissioner Algirdas Semeta. He recently said that in a globalized world, no country can secure the supply chain in isolation. He recognized that, again quoting, national supply chains are ineffective and too costly unless they're supported by enhanced international cooperation.
Mindful focus
The one thing that we bring to bear here is a mindful focus on the fact that we need a public-private partnership to address comprehensively in our information and communications technology industry supply chain integrity internationally. That has been very important in our focus. We want to be a one-stop shop of best practices that the world can look at, so that we continue to benefit from commercial technology which sells globally and frequently builds once or on a limited basis.
Combining that international focus and the public-private partnership is something that's really coming home to roost in everyone's minds right now, as we see security value migrating away from an end point and looking comprehensively at the product lifecycle or the global supply chain.
Lounsbury:I had the honor of testifying before the U.S. House Energy and Commerce Committee on Oversight Investigations, on the view from within the U.S. Government on IT security.It was even more gratifying to see that the concerns that were raised in the hearings were exactly the ones that the OTTF is pursuing.
It was very gratifying to see that the government does recognize this problem. We had witnesses in from the DoD and Department of Energy (DoE). I was there, because I was one of the two voices on industry that the government wants to tap into to get the industry's best practices into the government.
It was even more gratifying to see that the concerns that were raised in the hearings were exactly the ones that the OTTF is pursuing. How do you validate a long and complex global supply chain in the face of a very wide threat environment, recognizing that it can't be any single country? Also, it really does need to be not a process that you apply to a point, but something where you have a standard that raises the bar for our security for all the participants in your supply chain.
So it was really good to know that we were on track and that the government, and certainly the U.S. Government, as we've heard from Edna, the European governments, and I suspect all world governments are looking at exactly how to tap into this industry activity.
Gardner: Where we are in the progression of OTTF?
Lounsbury: In the last 18 months, there has been a tremendous amount of progress. The thing that I'll highlight is that early in 2012, the OTTF published a snapshot of the standard. A snapshot is what The Open Group uses to give a preview of what we expect the standards will apply. It has fleshed out two areas, one on tainted products and one on counterfeit products, the standards and best practices needed to secure a supply chain against those two vulnerabilities.
So that's out there. People can take a look at that document. Of course, we would welcome their feedback on it. We think other people have good answers too. Also, if they want to start using that as guidance for how they should shape their own practices, then that would be available to them.
Normative guidance
That's the top development topic inside the OTTF itself. Of course, in parallel with that, we're continuing to engage in an outreach process and talking to government agencies that have a stake in securing the supply chain, whether it's part of government policy or other forms of steering the government to making sure they are making the right decisions. In terms of exactly where we are, I'll defer to Edna and Andras on the top priority in the group.
Gardner: Edna, what's been going on at OTTF and where do things stand?
Conway: We decided that this was, in fact, a comprehensive effort that was going to grow over time and change as the challenges change. We began by looking at two primary areas, which were counterfeit and taint in that communications technology arena. In doing so, we first identified a set of best practices, which you referenced briefly inside of that snapshot.
Where we are today is adding the diligence, and extracting the knowledge and experience from the broad spectrum of participants in the OTTF to establish a set of rigorous conformance criteria that allow a balance between flexibility and how one goes about showing compliance to those best practices, while also assuring the end customer that there is rigor sufficient to ensure that certain requirements are met meticulously, but most importantly comprehensively.
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We have a practice right now where we're going through each and every requirement or best practice and thinking through the broad spectrum of the development stage of the lifecycle, as well as the end-to-end nodes of the supply chain itself.
July 16-18 in Washington, D.C. Watch the live stream.
This is to ensure that there are requirements that would establish conformance that could be pointed to, by both those who would seek accreditation to this international standard, as well as those who would rely on that accreditation as the imprimatur of some higher degree of trustworthiness in the products and solutions that are being afforded to them, when they select an OTTF accredited provider.
Gardner: Andras, I'm curious where in an organization like IBM that these issues are most enforceable. Where within the private sector is the knowledge and the expertise to reside?
Szakal: Speaking for IBM, we recently celebrated our 100th anniversary in 2011. We've had a little more time than some folks to come up with a robust engineering and development process, which harkens back to the IBM 701 and the beginning of the modern computing era.
Integrated process
We have what we call the integrated product development process (IPD), which all products follow and that includes hardware and software. And we have a very robust quality assurance team, the QSE team, which ensures that the folks are following those practices that are called out. Within each of line of business there exist specific requirements that apply more directly to the architecture of a particular product offering.
For example, the hardware group obviously has additional standards that they have to follow during the course of development that is specific to hardware development and the associated supply chain, and that is true with the software team as well.
The product development teams are integrated with the supply chain folks, and we have what we call the Secure Engineering Framework, of which I was an author and the Secure Engineering Initiative which we have continued to evolve for quite some time now, to ensure that we are effectively engineering and sourcing components and that we're following these Open Trusted Technology Provider Standard (O-TTPS) best practices.
In fact, the work that we've done here in the OTTF has helped to ensure that we're focused in all of the same areas that Edna's team is with Cisco, because we've shared our best practices across all of the members here in the OTTF, and it gives us a great view into what others are doing, and helps us ensure that we're following the most effective industry best practices.We want to be able to encourage suppliers, which may be small suppliers, to conform to a standard, as we go and select who will be our authorized suppliers.
Gardner: Dan, at EMC, is the Product Security Office something similar to what Andras explained for how IBM operates? Perhaps you could just give us a sense of how it's done there?
Reddy: At EMC in our Product Security Office, we house the enabling expertise to define how to build their products securely. We're interested in building that in as soon as possible throughout the entire lifecycle. We work with all of our product teams to measure where they are, to help them define their path forward, as they look at each of the releases of their other products. And we've done a lot of work in sharing our practices within the industry.
One of the things this standard does for us, especially in the area of dealing with the supply chain, is it gives us a way to communicate what our practices are with our customers. Customers are looking for that kind of assurance and rather than having a one-by-one conversation with customers about what our practices are for a particular organization. This would allow us to have a way of demonstrating the measurement and the conformance against a standard to our own customers.
Also, as we flip it around and take a look at our own suppliers, we want to be able to encourage suppliers, which may be small suppliers, to conform to a standard, as we go and select who will be our authorized suppliers.
Gardner: Dave, what would you suggest for those various suppliers around the globe to begin the process?
Publications catalog
Lounsbury: Obviously, the thing I would recommend right off is to go to The Open Group website, go to the publications catalog, and download the snapshot of the OTTF standard. That gives a good overview of the two areas of best practices for protection from tainted and counterfeit products we've mentioned on the call here.
That's the starting point, but of course, the reason it's very important for the commercial world to lead this is that commercial vendors face the commercial market pressures and have to respond to threats quickly. So the other part of this is how to stay involved and how to stay up to date?
And of course the two ways that The Open Group offers to let people do that is that you can come to our quarterly conferences, where we do regular presentations on this topic. In fact, the Washington meeting is themed on the supply chain security.
Of course, the best way to do it is to actually be in the room as these standards are evolved to meet the current and the changing threat environment. So, joining The Open Group and joining the OTTF is absolutely the best way to be on the cutting edge of what's happening, and to take advantage of the great information you get from the companies represented on this call, who have invested years-and-years, as Andras said, in making their own best practices and learning from them.
Gardner:Edna, what's on the short list of next OTTF priorities?It's from that kind of information sharing, as we think in a more comprehensive way, that we begin to gather the expertise.
Conway: You've heard us talk about CNCI, and the fact that cybersecurity is on everyone's minds today. So while taint embodies that to some degree, we probably need to think about partnering in a more comprehensive way under the resiliency and risk umbrella that you heard Dan talk about and really think about embedding security into a resilient supply chain or a resilient enterprise approach.
In fact, to give that some forethought, we actually have invited at the upcoming conference, a colleague who I've worked with for a number of years who is a leading expert in enterprise resiliency and supply chain resiliency to join us and share his thoughts.
He is a professor at MIT, and his name is Yossi Sheffi. Dr. Sheffi will be with us. It's from that kind of information sharing, as we think in a more comprehensive way, that we begin to gather the expertise that not only resides today globally in different pockets, whether it be academia, government, or private enterprise, but also to think about what the next generation is going to look like.
Resiliency, as it was known five years ago, is nothing like supply chain resiliency today, and where we want to take it into the future. You need only look at the US national strategy for global supply chain security to understand that. When it was announced in January of this year at Davos by Secretary Napolitano of the DHS, she made it quite clear that we're now putting security at the forefront, and resiliency is a part of that security endeavor.
So that mindset is a change, given the reliance ubiquitously on communications, for everything, everywhere, at all times -- not only critical infrastructure, but private enterprise, as well as all of us on a daily basis today. Our communications infrastructure is essential to us.
Thinking about resiliency
Given that security has taken top ranking, we're probably at the beginning of this stage of thinking about resiliency. It's not just about continuity of supply, not just about prevention from the kinds of cyber incidents that we're worried about, but also to be cognizant of those nation-state concerns or personal concerns that would arise from those parties who are engaging in malicious activity, either for political, religious or reasons.
Or, as you know, some of them are just interested in seeing whether or not they can challenge the system, and that causes loss of productivity and a loss of time. In some cases, there are devastating negative impacts to infrastructure.We'll then be able to take that level of confidence and assurance that we get from knowing that and translate it to the people who are acquiring our technology as well.
Szakal: There's another area too that I am highly focused on, but have kind of set aside, and that's the continued development and formalization of the framework itself that is to continue the collective best practices from the industry and provide some sort of methods by which vendors can submit and externalize those best practices. So those are a couple of areas that I think that would keep me busy for the next 12 months easily.
Gardner: What do IT vendors companies gain if they do this properly?
Secure by Design
Szakal: Especially now in this day and age, any time that you actually approach security as part of the lifecycle -- what we call an IBM Secure by Design -- you're going to be ahead of the market in some ways. You're going to be in a better place. All of these best practices that we've defined are additive in effect. However, the very nature of technology as it exists today is that it will be probably another 50 or so years, before we see a perfect security paradigm in the way that we all think about it.
So the researchers are going to be ahead of all of the providers in many ways in identifying security flaws and helping us to remediate those practices. That's part of what we're doing here, trying to make sure that we continue to keep these practices up to date and relevant to the entire lifecycle of commercial off-the-shelf technology (COTS) development.
So that's important, but you also have to be realistic about the best practices as they exist today. The bar is going to move as we address future challenges.
Register for The Open Group Conference
July 16-18 in Washington, D.C. Watch the live stream.
Listen to the podcast. Find it on iTunes/iPod. Read a full transcript or download a copy. Sponsor: The Open Group.
You may also be interested in:
- Corporate Data, Supply Chains Remain Vulnerable to Cyber Crime Attacks Says Open Group Conference Speaker
- Open Group Conference Speakers Discuss the Cloud: Higher Risk or Better Security?
- Capgemini's CTO on Why Cloud Computing Exposes the Duality Between IT and Business
- San Francisco Conference observations: Enterprise transformation, enterprise architecture, SOA and a splash of cloud computing
- MIT's Ross on how enterprise architecture and IT more than ever lead to business transformation
- Overlapping criminal and state threats pose growing cyber security threat to global Internet commerce, says Open Group speaker
- Enterprise architects play key role in transformation, data analytics value -- but they need to act fast, say Open Group speakers


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Businesses: | Law Enforcement |
Members: | Francis McReary Anthony Pizzerelli Jon Atkinson Wade Heston Charlie (deceased) Lenny Macelton Mitch Chuck Montresse Brian O'Toole Albert Thomas Daryl Bent (suspended) |
The Liberty City Police Department (LCPD) in the GTA IV Era, is the police department for the Greater Liberty City Area, incorporating Liberty City and the neighbouring area of Alderney, in Grand Theft Auto IV and Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars, which share the same rendition of Liberty City. The LCPD is based on the New York City Police Department (NYPD). The State Police of Alderney share vehicles and facilities with the LCPD in the LCPD's Alderney jurisdiction.
The Liberty City Police Department is around 40,000 officers strong, with many different roles, most notably on beat patrol all throughout Liberty City. They reign in a "complete operational" status over Liberty City, meaning they are the single law enforcement organization in the whole city, besides the FIB and NOOSE. The department is then organized into different divisions. They include Highway Patrol Units (while usually freeway/bridge duties are transferred to a State Police agency), tactical response units from NOOSE tactical units, aviation units, plain clothes units and the harbour units. The Aviation Unit of the LCPD (formed in 2001) has a fleet of several helicopters (consisting of Maverick type copters) which are on constant patrol. Aviation assistance can be summoned from one of the four stations with aviation facilities. The Police Mavericks can be seen often in the skies of Liberty City, most often patrolling with NOOSE Annihilators above major bridges such as the Hickey Bridge and East Borough Bridge. The LCPD is otherwise underfunded, unable to afford specialized pursuit vehicles and as a result have to use their regular patrol cars to chase suspects. They often injure or kill the very citizens they are assigned to "protect and serve" - many police cars accidentally hit and/or kill civilians while chasing the player.
The LCPD is known for its very aggressive techniques in pursuing crime, most notably, saturating an affected area of high crime rate with dozens of officers and patrol cars. They take the famous NYPD rationale of having a large police presence ensuring prevention and quick response. In times of emergency they respond appropriately, and pour all available resources into stopping or containing an incident. The LCPD (along with NOOSE and the FIB) become extremely aggressive when the player is wanted, and continue to shoot at the player even after the protagonist has died and "grayed out". While chasing criminals, the player or occasionally whilst driving, police vehicles hit civilians with their cars.
LCPD officers are sometimes seen writing tickets (as noticed around Middle Park and in Highway Patrol duties on the various bridges where they await speeders). Officers on foot patrol are sometimes seen chasing and apprehending criminals, which after they are caught, a radio car is contacted to take the criminal away for processing. The LCPD is also on an active recruiting campaign, with "Join The LCPD" posters and billboards at select locations throughout the city, and adorning the front of the LCPD The Triangle/Star Junction Sub-Station, (which is in front of a Liberty City Services Booth). They also appear in the streets if the player dials 911 to summon a police car with two officers inside. One officer will check around for any incidents. If a criminal attacks an officer, two officers wield pistols and pursue the criminal and catch the protagonist at gunpoint. If there aren't any criminals around, they will get back inside the vehicle and leave. Unlike civilians, who report crimes via the telephone, a lengthy process, police sightings are reported immediately. Further crime, attacking a police officer, and evading arrest will increase the player's wanted level. At two stars, police cars are sent to the area. At three stars, NOOSE vehicles are deployed, as well as police maverick-type helicopters. At four stars, NOOSE Annihilators and FIB Buffalos, complete with four FIB Special Agents in body armor and equipped with automatic weapons, are deployed. LCPD officers are authorized to commandeer civilian vehicles to continue chasing a suspect or respond to an emergency, often stating it as "Official Police Business" to the driver as they pull them out of the car.
Senior management
Police Commissioner
Deputy Police Commissioner
Police Commissioner for Public Affairs
Rank structure
- Lieutenant
- Detective
- Officer
Police stations
Hove Beach, Liberty City (GTA IV).
South Slopes, Liberty City (GTA IV).
East Island City, Liberty City (GTA IV).
Fortside, Liberty City (GTA IV).
Northern Gardens, Liberty City (GTA IV).
Suffolk, Liberty City (GTA IV).
The Triangle/Star Junction, Liberty City (GTA IV).
Westminster, Liberty City (GTA IV).
Middle Park East, Liberty City (GTA IV).
Varsity Heights, Liberty City (GTA IV).
East Holland, Liberty City (GTA IV).
Acter Industrial Park, Alderney (GTA IV).
Acter, Alderney (GTA IV).
Leftwood, Alderney (GTA IV).
In GTA IV, LCPD officers on the streets commonly drive two variants of police cars: The Police Patrol and the Police Cruiser, which serve as their primary pursuit vehicle of choice when the player attains a 1-star or 2-star wanted level, and will continue to appear in conjunction with NOOSE and FIB forces in a 3-star wanted level or higher. In GTA Chinatown Wars, the LCPD is only equipped with the Police Patrol (although game art of both the Police Patrol and Police Cruiser are still used when the player is Busted), and only appears up to a 4-star wanted level (alongside NOOSE Enforcers), as the FIB takes over at 5 stars.
The LCPD also extends their authority in the air in GTA IV with the use of Police Mavericks, which commonly patrol the sky even when the player does not have a wanted level. Police Maverick will occasionally join a 1 or 2 star wanted level when they happen to be within close proximity of the player, but the helicopter is certain to appear only when the player has a 3-star wanted level; the NOOSE's Annihilator takes over from 5 stars onwards. At sea, the LCPD is equipped with Predator boats, which only appear when the player is wanted at any level. The boats carry two more officers armed with rifles at the back, opening fire at the player.
The Ballad of Gay Tony also includes two more LCPD vehicles, the Police Buffalo (named "Police Cruiser" in game) and the Police Bike, a police motorcycle. Both vehicles are not used by LCPD officers, and are only available in The Ballad of Gay Tony multiplayer. A third police vehicle, the Police Stinger, does not bear the LCPD's signature blue-and-white livery, but does sport the LCPD logo.
Police Cruiser (GTA IV).
Police Patrol (GTA IV).
Police Stockade (GTA IV).
Police Maverick (GTA IV).
Police Predator (GTA IV).
Police Patrol (GTA Chinatown Wars).
Buffalo "Police Cruiser" (The Ballad of Gay Tony).
Police Stinger (The Ballad of Gay Tony).
Police Bike (The Ballad of Gay Tony).
Weapons and other portable equipment
Police officers carry a range of equipment. As a weapon of defense, a collapsed ASP extendible baton is in place on the officer's utility belts but officers do not utilize the weapon at all. The baton is reinstated in the GTA Chinatown Wars rendition of the LCPD. The standard issue police firearm is a Glock 22 pistol. This is used when making arrests, pursuing suspects and self defense. If an officer is disarmed, they will resort to using their fists to defend themselves. If an officer is patrolling in a vehicle, and the suspect has a two star wanted level or more, the officer carries an Ithaca 37 pump shotgun. Officers patrolling at places of high security such as The Statue of Happiness, Civilization Committee Headquarters, and the Rotterdam Tower stations carry MP-10 SMG (only in missions) and M4A1 Carbine assault rifles, which are a good deterrent of terrorist activity and crime. When the suspect has a five star wanted level or more, officers will attempt to shoot the player with PSG-1 sniper rifles from rooftops, specifically those in Chinatown and The Exchange.
The police also carry personal radios in order to report crimes and call for assistance - they can sometimes be seen talking into them while patrolling, as can Security Guards.
The uniforms of the LCPD resemble that of the famous New York Police Department (NYPD). Depending on the in-game weather, the officers may be wearing different uniforms, such as a raincoat marked "LCPD" and a white hat cover. Officers uniforms are generally navy blue with black buttons. Officers can wear either a long sleeve, short sleeve, or short sleeve with a long sleeve black under shirt. Officers also have the choice of wearing hats, ties and either leather or normal police jackets. The officer's tie clips have "LCPD" engraved in the middle. Officers who wear sky blue shirts, as opposed to navy blue shirts, are traffic enforcement officers, as seen by the different badge and patch on the officers with sky blue shirts. Despite the fact the game classifies them as traffic enforcement officers, they do not perform the usual duties of traffic enforcement officers, such as issuing citations. Traffic enforcement officers, unlike their real-life counterparts, are armed.
Alderney Police wear different uniforms than Liberty City police, despite being from the same department. Alderney police uniforms bear resemblance to those of the New Jersey State Police (NJSP). However, their stations bear the LCPD logo, as do their vehicles.
Possible appearances of obese LCPD officers, GTA IV.
Possible appearances of fit LCPD officers, GTA IV.
Alderney LCPD officers, GTA IV.
The in-game Internet features an official LCPD website which can be found at www.libertycitypolice.com. The website features a secret link at the bottom of the page to the criminal database, which contains profiles for all characters in the game.
When looking closely at the police logo it can clearly be noticed that the LCPD are known for police brutality. In the middle of the logo, two officers are shown with batons dragging a man on the floor. Below this the scales of justice are weighing a coffee cup and a doughnut. Alderney Police bear a State Police logo on their shoulder pads, the same as NJSP, although the stations bear the LCPD logos, as do their vehicles.
Police in Scripted Missions
Sometimes, police (during missions) just appear in a certain mission for another purpose rather than to attack the player, this happens through out the entire storyline of GTA IV to GTA Chinatown Wars. One of the reasons for this is to add an even more since of realism to the gameplay and also the theme of the story.
Police Scripted Missions in GTA IV
(This list starts with GTA IV and ends with The Ballad of Gay Tony).
- Jamaican Heat - After you've killed all the gang members, two police officers will arrive and run onto the opposite side of the street you're on.
- Crime and Punishment - After the second half of the cutscene, if Niko Bellic runs up the street he will see a police cruiser stop in front of a house an run into the backyard.
- Rigged to Blow - Once you blow up the garage, a police cruiser and a fire truck will surround the area.
- Russian Revolution - When Dimitri Rascalov and Ray Bulgarin leave the building, officers will spawn outside, ready to attack Little Jacob and you.
- Union Drive - While chasing the black-mailers, a police cruiser will attempt to chase the black-mailers, causing the cruiser to get flipped over in the process.
- Buoys Ahoy - While chasing the hitmen, the police will attempt to interfere and accidentally blow themselves up in the process.
The Lost and Damned
- It's War - After killing the first gang, the police will show up to investigate the crime but will not harm the player.
- Action/Reaction - Once the last cutscene is finished, Johnny leaves the area quickly, having that cops are going to show up and give him a wanted level if he attempted to stay.
- This Shit's Cursed - The Police Radio can be heard after shooting a triad or two off the top of the roof, causing then a cutscene to show Billy Grey being arrested (the last police radio also says that he is incarcerated).
The Ballad of Gay Tony
- Boulevard Baby - Can appear when you leave the club, but leave quickly because if you don't, you get a wanted level.
- Clocking Off - The officers will appear when Luis Lopez, Armando Torres, and Henrique Bardas leaves the area with the drugs.
- No. 3 - They appear through the second half of the mission but they never actually hurt the player while he has the three-star wanted level.
Murders committed
- Bozo - (killed in a 1999 shootout with police)
- Blackmailer - (killed on orders of Police Commissioner Francis McReary)
- Tom Goldberg - (killed on orders of Francis McReary)
- Clarence Little - (killed on orders of Francis McReary
- Clarence Little's Associate - (killed on orders of Francis McReary)
- Costas - (shot in the head through windshield while driving Gay Tony and Luis Lopez to safety)
- Xin Shan - (shot by police after a robbery, bled to death in an alley minutes later)
- On the Rockstar Games Social Club website, players can find the "LCPD Blotter", which lists statistics about crimes committed by GTA IV players as a whole.
- In Grand Theft Auto IV, the LCPD patrol in Alderney. However, Alderney is a separate state from Liberty City. The only difference between the Liberty City police and Alderney police is the uniform and sometimes, the accent of the officers.
- At higher wanted levels (five and six stars), the LCPD seem to begin disappearing as more FIB and NOOSE officers begin to show up. This may indicate that the LCPD are too afraid of death to take on the player, or simply are handing over the chase to the better prepared and more capable law enforcement agencies.
- When the player has a three star wanted level, the officer talking through the tannoy of the police helicopter often shouts "This is the LPCD!", when in fact it should be LCPD. This could indicate that the helicopter pilots care less about shouting LCPD to the player than normal officers.
- At the LCPD station in East Holland, If the player enters the parking lot in the back and ascends the stairs up to the helipad, he/she can find one to three officers surrounding a body.
- On the beach in the Northwestern corner of Bohan, you can sometimes find one lone officer standing next to a body.
- GTA IV is unique for letting the player be able to shoot the gun off an enemy without killing the enemy. If the player shoots any weapons other than a pistol off from the officer, he will pull out a pistol. If the player shoots the pistol off from the officer, the officer would flee. This also applies to the FIB and NOOSE.
- In The Ballad of Gay Tony, police officers are more aggressive, doing drive-bys at 4 stars instead of 5 stars and wielding more powerful weaponry such as Assault SMGs and Automatic Shotguns. Officers also wield Advanced MGs from helicopters.
- If you choose to go out the front of the hospital in the mission The Snow Storm, one of the officers will wield a Combat Shotgun, uncharacteristic, as the standard-issue shotgun is the Pump Shotgun
- The telephone number for LCPD recruitment is 555-RECRUIT (555-732-7848). It can be dialled, but there will be no answer.
- A pistol can be seen in police officers' holsters. These are part of the character model and so will stay in the holster even when the officer has drawn their pistol.
- According to the GTA Chinatown Wars manual, the LCPD runs a "Guns For Ca$h" amnesty program, sponsored by Ammu-Nation.
- The Star Junction/Triangle substation resembles the US military recruitment station that exists in the real Times Square. Coincidentally, in 2008 - the year GTA IV is set - the station was the site of a bombing incident.[1]
See also
- VCPD in GTA 1
- LCPD in GTA 1
- VCPD in GTA 1
- VCPD in GTA III Era
- San Andreas Police Department
- Las Venturas Police Department
- LSPD in GTA III Era
- LSPD in GTA V
- San Fierro Police Department
- Country/Desert Police
- Police Bikers
- LCPD in GTA III Era
The LCPD Blotter page.
A message asking the player to "join" the LCPD.
Another recruitment billboard, found at East Holland,Algonquin.
Two LCPD officers in their cruiser in The Lost and Damned.


text:
Fourth Nephi
The Book of Nephi
Who Is the Son of Nephi—One of the Disciples of Jesus Christ
An account of the people of Nephi, according to his record.
Chapter 1
The Nephites and the Lamanites are all converted unto the Lord—They have all things in common, work miracles, and prosper in the land—After two centuries, divisions, evils, false churches, and persecutions arise—After three hundred years, both the Nephites and the Lamanites are wicked—Ammaron hides up the sacred records. About A.D. 35–321.
1 And it came to pass that the thirty and fourth year passed away, and also the thirty and fifth, and behold the disciples of Jesus had formed a church of Christ in all the lands round about. And as many as did come unto them, and did truly repent of their sins, were abaptized in the name of Jesus; and they did also receive the Holy Ghost.
2 And it came to pass in the thirty and sixth year, the people were all converted unto the Lord, upon all the face of the land, both Nephites and Lamanites, and there were no contentions and disputations among them, and every man did deal justly one with another.
3 And they had aall things common among them; therefore there were not rich and poor, bond and free, but they were all made free, and partakers of the heavenly bgift.
4 And it came to pass that the thirty and seventh year passed away also, and there still continued to be apeace in the land.
5 And there were great and marvelous works wrought by the disciples of Jesus, insomuch that they did aheal the sick, and braise the dead, and cause the lame to walk, and the blind to receive their sight, and the deaf to hear; and all manner of cmiracles did they work among the children of men; and in nothing did they work miracles save it were in the name of Jesus.
6 And thus did the thirty and eighth year pass away, and also the thirty and ninth, and forty and first, and the forty and second, yea, even until forty and nine years had passed away, and also the fifty and first, and the fifty and second; yea, and even until fifty and nine years had passed away.
7 And the Lord did prosper them exceedingly in the land; yea, insomuch that they did build cities again where there had been cities burned.
8 Yea, even that great acity Zarahemla did they cause to be built again.
9 But there were many cities which had been asunk, and waters came up in the stead thereof; therefore these cities could not be renewed.
10 And now, behold, it came to pass that the people of Nephi did wax strong, and did multiply exceedingly fast, and became an exceedingly afair and delightsome people.
11 And they were married, and given in marriage, and were blessed according to the multitude of the apromises which the Lord had made unto them.
12 And they did not walk any more after the aperformances and bordinances of the claw of Moses; but they did walk after the commandments which they had received from their Lord and their God, continuing in dfasting and prayer, and in meeting together oft both to pray and to hear the word of the Lord.
13 And it came to pass that there was no contention among all the people, in all the land; but there were mighty miracles wrought among the disciples of Jesus.
14 And it came to pass that the seventy and first year passed away, and also the seventy and second year, yea, and in fine, till the seventy and ninth year had passed away; yea, even an hundred years had passed away, and the adisciples of Jesus, whom he had chosen, had all gone to the bparadise of God, save it were the cthree who should tarry; and there were other ddisciples eordained in their stead; and also many of that fgeneration had passed away.
15 And it came to pass that there was no acontention in the land, because of the blove of God which did dwell in the hearts of the people.
16 And there were no aenvyings, nor bstrifes, nor ctumults, nor whoredoms, nor lyings, nor murders, nor any manner of dlasciviousness; and surely there could not be a ehappier people among all the people who had been created by the hand of God.
17 There were no robbers, nor murderers, neither were there Lamanites, nor any manner of -ites; but they were in aone, the children of Christ, and heirs to the kingdom of God.
18 And how blessed were they! For the Lord did bless them in all their doings; yea, even they were blessed and prospered until an hundred and ten years had passed away; and the first generation from Christ had passed away, and there was no contention in all the land.
19 And it came to pass that aNephi, he that kept this last record, (and he kept it upon the bplates of Nephi) died, and his son Amos kept it in his stead; and he kept it upon the plates of Nephi also.
20 And he kept it eighty and four years, and there was still peace in the land, save it were a small part of the people who had revolted from the church and taken upon them the name of Lamanites; therefore there began to be aLamanites again in the land.
21 And it came to pass that aAmos died also, (and it was an hundred and ninety and four years from the coming of Christ) and his son Amos kept the record in his stead; and he also kept it upon the plates of Nephi; and it was also written in the book of Nephi, which is this book.
22 And it came to pass that two hundred years had passed away; and the second generation had all passed away save it were a few.
23 And now I, Mormon, would that ye should know that the people had multiplied, insomuch that they were spread upon all the face of the land, and that they had become exceedingly arich, because of their prosperity in Christ.
24 And now, in this two hundred and first year there began to be among them those who were lifted up in apride, such as the wearing of costly apparel, and all manner of fine pearls, and of the fine things of the world.
25 And from that time forth they did have their goods and their substance no more acommon among them.
26 And they began to be divided into classes; and they began to build up achurches unto themselves to get bgain, and began to deny the true church of Christ.
27 And it came to pass that when two hundred and ten years had passed away there were many churches in the land; yea, there were many churches which professed to know the Christ, and yet they did adeny the more parts of his gospel, insomuch that they did receive all manner of wickedness, and did administer that which was sacred unto him to whom it had been bforbidden because of unworthiness.
28 And this church did multiply exceedingly because of iniquity, and because of the power of aSatan who did get hold upon their bhearts.
29 And again, there was another church which denied the Christ; and they did apersecute the true bchurch of Christ, because of their humility and their belief in Christ; and they did despise them because of the many miracles which were wrought among them.
30 Therefore they did exercise power and authority over the disciples of Jesus who did tarry with them, and they did cast them into aprison; but by the power of the word of God, which was in them, the prisons were rent in twain, and they went forth doing mighty miracles among them.
31 Nevertheless, and notwithstanding all these miracles, the people did harden their hearts, and did seek to kill them, even as the Jews at Jerusalem sought to kill Jesus, according to his word.
32 And they did cast them into afurnaces of bfire, and they came forth receiving no harm.
33 And they also cast them into adens of wild beasts, and they did play with the wild beasts even as a child with a lamb; and they did come forth from among them, receiving no harm.
34 Nevertheless, the people did harden their hearts, for they were led by many priests and afalse prophets to build up many churches, and to do all manner of iniquity. And they did bsmite upon the people of Jesus; but the people of Jesus did not smite again. And thus they did dwindle in unbelief and wickedness, from year to year, even until two hundred and thirty years had passed away.
35 And now it came to pass in this year, yea, in the two hundred and thirty and first year, there was a great division among the people.
36 And it came to pass that in this year there arose a people who were called the aNephites, and they were true believers in Christ; and among them there were those who were called by the Lamanites—Jacobites, and Josephites, and bZoramites;
37 Therefore the true believers in Christ, and the true worshipers of Christ, (among whom were the athree disciples of Jesus who should tarry) were called Nephites, and Jacobites, and Josephites, and Zoramites.
38 And it came to pass that they who rejected the gospel were called Lamanites, and Lemuelites, and Ishmaelites; and they did not dwindle in aunbelief, but they did bwilfully rebel against the gospel of Christ; and they did teach their children that they should not believe, even as their fathers, from the beginning, did dwindle.
39 And it was because of the wickedness and abomination of their fathers, even as it was in the beginning. And they were ataught to hate the children of God, even as the Lamanites were taught to bhate the children of Nephi from the beginning.
40 And it came to pass that two hundred and forty and four years had passed away, and thus were the affairs of the people. And the amore wicked part of the people did wax strong, and became exceedingly more numerous than were the people of God.
41 And they did still continue to build up churches unto themselves, and adorn them with all manner of precious things. And thus did two hundred and fifty years pass away, and also two hundred and sixty years.
42 And it came to pass that the wicked part of the people began again to build up the secret oaths and acombinations of Gadianton.
43 And also the people who were called the people of Nephi began to be proud in their hearts, because of their exceeding riches, and become avain like unto their brethren, the Lamanites.
44 And from this time the disciples began to sorrow for the asins of the world.
45 And it came to pass that when three hundred years had passed away, both the people of Nephi and the Lamanites had become exceedingly wicked one like unto another.
46 And it came to pass that the robbers of aGadianton did spread over all the face of the land; and there were none that were righteous save it were the disciples of Jesus. And gold and silver did they lay up in store in abundance, and did btraffic in all manner of traffic.
47 And it came to pass that after three hundred and five years had passed away, (and the people did still remain in wickedness) aAmos died; and his brother, Ammaron, did keep the record in his stead.
48 And it came to pass that when three hundred and twenty years had passed away, aAmmaron, being constrained by the Holy Ghost, did bhide up the crecords which were dsacred—yea, even all the sacred records which had been handed down from generation to generation, which were sacred—even until the three hundred and twentieth year from the coming of Christ.
49 And he did hide them up unto the Lord, that they might acome again unto the remnant of the house of Jacob, according to the prophecies and the promises of the Lord. And thus is the end of the record of Ammaron.