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Lena writes:
Kazim; I understand that there are people who believe in both evolution and God. However, current biology textbooks do not include references to the possibility of intelligent design; I am not aware of any biology or science textbook in mainstream public schools or universities that references the concepts of intelligent design.
That's right, they don't. And do you know why? Because "intelligent design" isn't a scientific concept. It hasn't been accepted into the scientific lexicon; it hasn't achieved mainstream penetration into scientific journals. It isn't testable, and with rare exceptions, it is almost universally regarded as nonscience by biologists everywhere.
Could this change someday? Sure it could, but schools don't have the authority to make that change. Textbooks on science are written BY scientists FOR schools, not the other way around. If this were going to change, it would be by a major shift in the way that biology is understood. And while I understood that there are a lot of popular books, speakers, and 80's movie stars who are gung-ho about Intelligent Design, it's only fair to point out that this has barely registered at all in the scientific community. That's why ID isn't taught in schools.
You can argue that belief in God is the realm of religion, but really, we're not talking about God. We're talking about Intelligent Design - people don't have to believe that is was a God that was the designer, do they? Teachers would never have to say who created the universe, just that there was evidence of design. It is atheists who make the assumption that intelligent design would be identifying God as the designer; why is that?
That's an easy one to answer. It's because ID comes at the tail end of a long history of deceptively trying to slip creationism into schools under false pretenses. In the case of Kitzmiller v Dover of 2005, one of the findings was that the major book being used to promote ID, titled Of Pandas and People, was really just a modified version of an earlier creationism textbook. The editors went through the text and did a search-and-replace operation to eliminate all references to "creationism" and replace them with "intelligent design" and so forth. But they didn't do a very thorough job -- in one place, the word "creationists" was sloppily replaced by the words "cdesign proponentsists."
A number of years before that, something called the Wedge Document was unearthed, explicitly stating that rationale behind the existence of the whole "intelligent design" movement was to, and I quote, "replace materialistic explanations with the theistic understanding that nature and human beings are created by God."
I don't see why any of this should come as a surprise to you. You're a theist, and so far as I can tell, the main reason you're complaining about lack of ID in schools is because you think that failure to teach ID is tantamount to atheism. Have I missed something?
Certainly there are people out there who might have a different idea of "who" that creator or designer was? There are seriously people who believe space aliens created the earth, but in our society you don't hear public outcry against them.
Yes, you do. Those people are crackpots. They don't come out as regularly as do cdesign proponentsists, but when they do, they tend to receive about the same level of ridicule. Their views are not taken into account as part of mainstream science either.
Do you really think, Kazim, that if the vast majority of people who advocated ID'ism were believers in space aliens, that schools would have a hard time with it? I doubt it.
I do. It would have to have serious research and peer-reviewed publications backing it up before it could even be considered as part of a curriculum. Any teacher who made a unilateral decision to ignore the standards and start teaching about our alien designers would meet with the exact same kind of resistance that creationists experience now.
The search for alien life is actually accepted science. NASA spends unbelievable amounts of money to make machines to search for organisms on Mars. The belief in "alien" life is one that is no longer a subject relegated to science fiction, yet there do not seem to be people who object to including this new "evidence" in textbooks.
The SEARCH for alien life is accepted science. The factual claim that there actually IS alien life is not. Even Carl Sagan, who was in many ways the intellectual father of SETI, was very careful never to say that he conclusively believed that any aliens have been found, because he didn't. It is a tentative hypothesis, remaining open to discussion until such time as evidence can be found. In the meantime, the search for hypothetical alien life has led to all kinds of real advances in science, such as improvements to radio telescopes, signal processing technology, and distributed computing algorithms. No such achievements can be pointed to in the search for intelligent design.
I still think teaching ONLY evolution in schools is advocating atheism.
And I still reply that you are objectively wrong, because evolution is not an atheist subject. Again, 11,000 clergymen and the pope aren't atheists.
You and Martin keep telling me to go back to any basic biology or science textbook, and I have. You've said that I didn't adequately understand cosmology or the atheist viewpoint, so I've researched them further.
I find no mention of the possibility of design in the Big Bang theory. The Big Bang cosmological model asserts that the universe expanded from dense matter, but never explains how the matter came into existence, so even if someone DID believe in God and evolution, or a designer and evolution, there is no indication in your "accepted" theories of origin.
Children who go to public school and are presented with only one possibility for the origin of the universe will accept that possibility, because they're given no alternative. There is scientific evidence for the existence of God, it just isn't welcome at school.
No there isn't. Find me some. As soon as there is any kind of genuine, concrete scientific evidence for "a designer," it might be considered as part of a school curriculum. Until that time, not so much.
I don't just have a problem with biology textbooks, by the way. The textbook industry in general is a revenue-driven business that survives through sales. I read history from other countries because it yields some surprising bits of information that are not in our textbooks in America. Textbook writers leave things out for convenience, for sales, and for political reasons. It bothers me that our children are taught what is politically correct simply because it is what is popular.
I agree. There are lots of things to dislike about the current textbook selection process, especially here in Texas.
On the other hand, what you are demanding kind of comes down to a different question, and it's this: Do you allow that there should be SOME kind of standards for what goes into science and history books? If so, who is responsible for those standards? Is it elected officials, or scientists? Or may any person, regardless of credentials, propose changes to our textbooks? What about flat earthers? What about astrologers? What about holocaust deniers? Do you think that science standards should be set strictly based on what the latest people to win an election think?
If you object to the amount of time our posts have taken up ( I think it has been what, three weeks now?)
I don't care. I'm a slow poster, but I can keep enjoying this all year, if you need. :)
If atheism and the supposed unveracity (yes, it is a word) are such important topics for you and your colleagues that you dedicate enough of your time to be a part of a show and a website, than what is the problem with continuing to converse with me?There is no problem. I don't disagree with your principles in fighting for what you believe is right. I just think it's only fair to point out that the mainstream scientific literature is squarely against you, and not just a little bit.
Even if the conversation has strayed off the main topic ( and it hasn't; the conversation has broadened because it is a broad topic) then what would be the problem with actually laying down the case for evolution for me, since it is either a part of your job or at least a serious hobby?
Earlier, you complained about the volume of stuff that you were being asked to read. I don't like to just bog down people with links. People spend their entire careers studying and understanding the evidence for evolution. If you asked me to teach you calculus, it would take more than just some argumentative blog posts.
However, if you're serious about understanding WHY evolution is recognized as solid science, you might start here:
29+ Evidences for Macroevolution
I don't do this for a living, but if you have any questions about those pages then I'll do my best to answer them.
I said before that I would be willing to provide scientific sources for the case for creation after you ( or Martin) were finished laying out your case. I haven't done it yet because I've received no indication from you that you are finished.
The only thing I would ask, to begin with, is what you would consider to be a "scientific source" and why.
Though you said you have read the Bible, Kazim, the foundation of this discussion was not the Bible. I said I'd find documented sources outside the realm of religion, but I did mention one Bible verse:
"But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts, and be ready always to give an answer to every man that asks you a reason of the hope that is in you, with meekness and fear." (1 Peter 3:15)
I'm still asking if you're willing to do something comparable, from an atheist perspective. You've given some explanation, I'm just listening and commenting occasionally on a few things that I have questions about.
I think I'm doing that. It's just taking a while. As long as you're patient enough to give me some time to finish each post, I'm here.
Question 1:
Lena said: How does evolution qualify as a well established framework for explaining observed facts?????
Maybe you should browse that link I just posted first.
Kazim, you said you wouldn't expect anyone to individually refute everything on that website anymore than you would attempt to refute everything on answers in genesis.
I'm just asking that, when we make claims or references, we give specific examples. Martin disappeared shortly after that post without satisfactorily explaining or referencing WHAT geological, archeological, or paleontological evidence. Please don't take this as antagonistic, but look at it from an outsiders viewpoint. Consider, when you have questions for believers about the Bible or related topics that they give a broad, sweeping statement and don't satisfactorily explain the statement. I admitted that I did this same thing at the beginning of the conversation, as well, but that I was determined to do a better job with specifics. I'm just asking for the same thing from your camp.
We sometimes "tag team" responses, because there's only so much time to participate in every thread. I'm pretty sure that Martin is still reading, but he's decided to let me take over the participation. I think I'm a bit better read than he is on evolution -- and I don't mean that as a slight, since Martin is a very smart guy with a lot of expertise in other areas that I respect.
Martin, if you're still out there, about leprechauns: I never said I didn't believe in leprechauns. The question is not whether or not I believe in them, the real question is, can YOU prove they don't exist?
No, we can't prove that leprechauns don't exist. So, DO you believe in them?
So what if "my" specific religious beliefs" don't reconcile evolution and the Bible? Isn't that what this discussion is about?
Not really. This discussion was about what's appropriate to teach in school. And the thing is that, as per our constitution, public schools can't actually care about pandering to anybody's specific religious beliefs. Otherwise, they might have people lobbying them to teach that the sun goes around the earth.


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Indian business directory featuring listing of Indian manufacturers and suppliers of India with their product profiles and contact detail
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subset: commoncrawl


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Drumbeat Chunky Bracelet
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Make a bold fashion statement with our Drumbeat Chunky Bracelet. This industrial-inspired women's accessory features a thickened, drum-shaped design that exudes a heavy and fashionable vibe. Crafted with a textured metal finish, it adds an edgy touch to any outfit.
Not for very big wrist
Height 1.61 inches
Width 2.36 inches
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Car Air Filter Replacement Service
- Car Air Filter Replacement
- Cabin Air Filter Replacement
- Fuel Filter Replacement
What is the Air Filter all about?
Your car takes in air and passes it into the engine through the air filter. (Some cars have more than one air filter.) The air filter takes out dust, leaves, and other debris from the air before passing it into the engine where it's mixed with fuel. The combination of air and fuel is essential for the car to run. If the air filter is dirty or clogged, it will not pass enough air into the engine, causing all sorts of problems (car may not start, engine may not run smoothly, etc.). If you use a reusable air filter (K&N), please specify that in the appointment notes, as you may just need a cleaning instead of a replacement. Unless you bought K&N filter, your car has a regular filter.
Keep in mind:
- Replacing an air filter is one of the most straightforward and affordable automotive repairs.
- Air filters cannot be repaired, only replaced.
How it's done:
- Remove and replace air filter.
Our recommendation:
A mechanic should inspect the air filter during every maintenance service (in cars where the filter is readily accessible).
What common symptoms indicate you may need to replace the Air Filter?
- Engine is running rough.
- Engine may not run.
- Low gas mileage.
- Check Engine Light is on.
How important is this service?
A dirty air filter is unable to keep dirt, dust, and debris from entering your engine. When your air filter is dirty, your cylinders and oil will both be subject to contamination from dirt particles in the air, because they have no alternate method of filtering the air. This contamination causes wear and tear on your engine, and also reduces your gas mileage and emissions.


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Peace of mind with our Back Up Plans
Own it for $26.86 per week over 24 months
Pay in slices. No interest ever
Height | 1830 |
Depth | 731 |
Width | 910 |
Energy Rating | 4.5 |
Guarantee | 24 Months |
Manufacturer | Bosch |
Model | KFN96APEAA |
Depth (mm) | 731 |
Height (mm) | 1830 |
Width (mm) | 910 |
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802.11ac. The new definition of fast.
With three-stream 802.11ac technology, the AirPort Extreme Base Station takes Wi-Fi speeds over the top. Now you can reach data rates of up to 1.3 Gbps1 — triple the previous 802.11n standard. Which means up to three times faster Wi-Fi.2 You also get double the channel bandwidth, with 80MHz-wide channels providing more room for more data to flow faster than ever. And if you have 802.11a/b/g/n devices, AirPort Extreme maximises that connection as well. What you do with all that extra speed is up to you.
Simultaneous dual-band support.
AirPort Extreme features simultaneous dual-band 802.11ac Wi-Fi. That means it transmits at both the 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies at the same time. So no matter which band your wireless devices use, they'll automatically connect to the best available band for the fastest possible performance.
Beamforming puts the focus on your device.
With 802.11ac technology comes the intelligent, powerful beamforming antenna array. Most base station antennas emit an equal and constant Wi-Fi signal in all directions. But the beamforming antenna array is smarter — it knows where an 802.11ac device is on the network. Then AirPort Extreme targets its signal to that device. So your Wi-Fi signal is stronger, clearer and faster.
- 98mm
- 168mm
A top-down approach to design.
For the all-new design of AirPort Extreme, we took an approach that centred on performance. We made it taller and put the antennas at the top, creating a higher platform for dispersing the signal. We also increased the number of antennas. There are now six of them — three for the 2.4GHz band and three for the 5GHz band. Together with 802.11ac wireless technology, they let you connect faster, farther, and with more power than ever before. The bar for Wi-Fi base stations has been raised. In every way.
Smaller footprint. More desk space.
The new vertical design not only improves Wi-Fi performance, it also saves you valuable desk space. At less than 10 centimetres square, the footprint of AirPort Extreme is 64 per cent smaller than its predecessor. And to keep everything tidy, even the power supply is built in. Which means AirPort Extreme takes up no more space than it should.
With AirPort Extreme, getting your new Wi-Fi network up and running takes less time — and less effort — than making a cup of tea. That's because a setup assistant is built into iOS and into AirPort Utility for OS X. As soon as you plug in your AirPort Extreme and connect it to your DSL or cable modem, you can follow the simple instructions on your Mac or iOS device. There are no complicated steps to follow and no obscure terminology to learn. The setup assistant does all the work, so you don't have to.
Manage your Wi-Fi network from your
iOS device or Mac.
Once your network is set up, AirPort Utility for iOS and OS X lets you manage and monitor it from your iPad, iPhone, iPod touch or Mac. Your AirPort Extreme — along with other AirPort base stations you have connected — appears graphically onscreen, so you can see your settings at a glance, make changes, apply updates and more.
Get online safely and securely.
AirPort Extreme includes a built-in firewall that creates a barrier between your network and the Internet, protecting your data from malicious attacks. When you set up AirPort Extreme, the firewall is automatically turned on, so you don't have to do a thing. Except enjoy the web with peace of mind.
Put out the Wi-Fi welcome mat for guests.
With the guest networking feature, you can set up a separate Wi-Fi network just for guests. Use a different password or no password at all. A guest network allows access only to the Internet, so your primary network — including any external hard drive, printer or other LAN-attached device — remains secure.
Connect to Wi-Fi from any device.
Mac. PC. iPhone. iPad. Apple TV. Really, any Wi-Fi-enabled device you have will work with AirPort Extreme. That's because it's compatible with devices using the 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n and 802.11ac specifications.
Go the wired route if you want.
AirPort Extreme includes three Gigabit Ethernet LAN ports for fast wired connectivity with a desktop computer, network drive, DVR or other device.
Meet the entire AirPort family.
AirPort Express makes it easy to set up or extend a wireless
network anywhere. Need more speed? AirPort Extreme gives you up to 3x
faster Wi-Fi. And for automatic wireless backup of up to 3TB of data,
choose AirPort Time Capsule.


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Kitchens & Baths 2010
House & Home's latest special issue is all about kitchens and bathrooms — the rooms you love to renovate! Whether you're planning a minor spruce up or dreaming of a full renovation, this issue is packed with tips and trends for every budget. Find ten gorgeous accessories under $100, a guide to the latest appliances, fresh bathroom makeovers and unexpected spins on classic kitchens. Plus, cookbook author and restaurateur Devin Connell shares her secrets for a well-stocked kitchen, while Cameron MacNeil advises on balancing upper and lower cabinets. Whether you're updating your current space or starting from scratch in a new home, you'll find plenty of inspiration and product ideas in Kitchens & Baths 2010.


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I have been seeing a few recipes for green vegetables in oyster sauce like this one for steamed baby bok choy in oyster sauce . It looked like a simple and tasty way to enjoy green vegetables. I like to try to include green vegetables in my meals whenever I can. When I was planning my dan dan mian meal I remembered this recipe for steamed greens in oyster sauce and I thought that it would be the perfect way to add some green to the meal. Steaming is one of my favorite way to cook green vegetables and it is quick and simple. The oyster sauce worked really well on the steamed green vegetables. It was tasty but not overpowering. The sauce was salty and a touch sweet and the sesame oil added a great aroma. I served the steamed baby bok choy in oyster sauce with some fried shallots that went well with the sauce. I have heard that fried garlic is a good alternate to the fried shallots and I will have to try it. I also tried some broccolini in the oyster sauce with fried shallots and I imagine that broccoli and asparagus would also work well.
Baby Bok Choy in Oyster Sauce with Fried Shallots
- * green vegetables like baby bok choy or broccolini
- 2 tablespoons oyster sauce
- 2 teaspoons soy sauce
- 1 teaspoon sesame oil
- * fried shallots
- Steam the green vegetables until just tender.
- Heat the oyster sauce, soy sauce and sesame oil in a small sauce pan.
- Plate the greens, pour the oyster sauce over them and garnish with fried shallots.


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Delivery: 5-7 days
Prices incl. VAT plus shipping costs
Filling (not included in the scope of delivery): approx. 210kg , Natural stones, quarry stone, etc. We also offer various natural stones - delivery within Germany.
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LYON, France – The head of the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF) reaffirmed the organization's commitment to fighting corruption in football during a visit to the INTERPOL General Secretariat headquarters in Lyon, and pledged to investigate cases of allegations of match-fixing in the region.
CONCACAF General Secretary Enrique Sanz and Deputy General Secretary Ted Howard met with INTERPOL Secretary General Ronald K. Noble to discuss opportunities for closer cooperation between the two organizations in combating match-fixing and other threats to the sport. The visit came shortly after the announcement by Europol that an investigation into match-fixing uncovered hundreds of new cases of matches that had possibly been fixed around the world.
In response to these allegations, INTERPOL has renewed its commitment to working with football federations in all regions, particularly those outside Europe, to ensure that all allegations of match-fixing are thoroughly investigated.
The recent investigation of a Joint Investigation Team (JIT) involving Europol and national police across Europe, codenamed Operation Veto, revealed 380 suspect football matches in Europe that were already under investigation, but also brought to light some 300 new cases of alleged match-fixing in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
"It is important that CONCACAF and the football community in other regions are given all the leads and evidence uncovered by Operation Veto so we can assess the allegations and take the appropriate actions," said CONCACAF General Secretary Sanz. "All alleged fixed matches should be identified, individuals that have been involved specified and the perpetrators brought to justice for the future of football to continue its healthy journey to impart good role models to society."
As part of the organization's renewed efforts to fight match-fixing, CONCACAF has invited representatives from INTERPOL's Integrity in Sport programme to speak to players and officials about the dangers posed by match-fixing during the CONCACAF Congress in April. INTERPOL has also offered to support the Gold Cup, CONCACAF's national championship competition, in July.
"As demonstrated by the sheer number of cases occurring in all regions of the world, match-fixing is truly a global problem, and as such requires a global response," said INTERPOL Secretary General Noble. "I commend CONCACAF in taking proactive steps towards protecting the sport from this threat, and I call on the authorities involved in the JIT Operation Veto to provide all evidence of possible match-fixing incidents occurring in their jurisdictions to the concerned football federations."
"As part of CONCACAF's continuous commitment to preserving the integrity of the game, and in alignment with FIFA guidelines, the confederation is in the process of identifying the necessary measures while setting several relevant preventive provisions in the form of courses and training," said Mr Sanz, adding that CONCACAF is also working to explore appropriate legislation that will provide the context for parameters of sporting laws to exist.
"CONCACAF invites all other accountable stakeholders to integrate efforts toward finding an optimal solution for these intolerable crimes.
"The football family has to play a fundamental role in this battle against match fixing through education, surveillance and sanction. However, we must work in close partnership with all other affected sports, governments, law enforcement agencies, media, fans and society as a whole," concluded the CONCACAF Chief.
CONCACAF has also hosted two regional INTERPOL-FIFA Integrity in Sport workshops – the first in August 2012 in Guatemala City, and the second in January 2013 in New York City.


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In other words I got gkicked.
You're probably wondering how one manages to get gkicked from a social blog community guild. Oh it's simple: let's just say the person who made the American side of it is a power-tripping crazy.
I didn't bother to take any screenshots since I'm trusting her to get all drama-whore and post some. Also because unlike someone I like to leave stuff behind me and not go on and on about it.
It's ridiculous. I send some polite tells and gchat messages about how I should be GM and she's lazy and emotional and next thing I can't send any green text anymore. She called me sexist too. That's totally unfounded. I specifically avoided sex-specific terms like "bitch" and went with the neutral "fascist". But does she bother to notice that I'm being reasonable? Clearly no!
Oh yea then after I refuse the first invite because who would want to go back to that, she starts sending me these tells... Let's just say the only one I can repeat is "so you're playing hard to get?" Did I look like I was in Goldshire flagged for ... that?
I did rejoin, but it kinda ruins the fun knowing there's this person with a god complex hovering over me, just waiting to ruin it all. I thought of starting my own guild that wouldn't be ridiculous like that, but damn, is that what being a GM does to a person?
Yea, so there's your Simple Abstract Noun Drama.
Part Two: What Happened on Whiny Post Day?
In one of yesterday's posts, Suicidal Zebra suggested that I make a post of whiny posts. I like the idea a lot. But there's a slight problem: I don't know all the whiny posts. I did try to find them, and found a lot, but I'm sure I missed some.
So I submit this request, or two, to the blogosphereodomeocron:
If you wrote a whiny post, please send me a link. Replace the yahoo in my email with gmail to ensure I get it.
If you didn't write a whiny post, let me remind you that Gevlon and Hitler did not write whiny posts. Do you want to be like them?
Second request: I could probably most easily find this if I knew how to find any page which linked the whiny post day announcement. I don't know how to do that. Would anyone like to point me to a place describing how to do that? Or tell me what it would be called, because "how do I see what pages are linked to the one about whiny post day" returns let's see... Spinks, Larisa, wowblips whatever that is, "Angry for a Reason: 'Whiny' Feminists and comics", "Is Jim "***" Brady a whiny ass titty baby?" and so on.
On a related note, I gave brief thought to moving the day to the last day of March. But then I realized that I shouldn't mess with tradition.
Thank you to everyone who whined.
20 comments:
- Quicksilver said...
how the heck can one exercize power as the gm of a lowbie social guild??
you americans are weird... - March 19, 2010 at 8:50 AM
- Leah said...
ok I'm officially confused. (must login on my SAN alt more O-O) are you being serious, sarcastic? what happened exactly?
all I know is that crankyhealer decided to stop blogging due to some comments. is that related? 2 separate dramas?
I know curious cat, let bigons be bigons, etc, but gah! please somebody, anybody? Firespirit only made things more confusing :( - March 19, 2010 at 10:16 AM
- Gazimoff said...
On whiny posts day, I'd send you an email if I knew what your address was :)
- March 19, 2010 at 10:31 AM
- David said...
Sounds like somebody has SAND in the you know where!
- March 19, 2010 at 10:43 AM
- Larísa said...
Makes me sad to hear about all this drama. It's weird. What's wrong with people? I guess conflict is a part of human nature, but I can't help feeling a bit disappointed seeing all this stuff. :(
I think you have the link to my whiny post.
peace and love - March 19, 2010 at 11:39 AM
- Ruhtra said...
Let me apologize first. I did not participate in whiny day as I did not know it was whiny day until after it was over. Last few weeks of tax season is brutal for me.
On the GM aspect of things I feel I have a decent resume to speak from. Now I do not know all of the situations so I cannot speak specific to your situation as I barely have had time to log into my own guild.
When you join a guild it is like accepting a contract to abide by the rules of the guild. In my guild, we have them posted on the website and it is up to the members to go and read them. If they fail to follow them, then I kick them personally. Typically resulting in them going to trade to QQ about the mean guild. To which they get rediculed for.
In our guild we have a very strict set of guidelines pertaining to chatter in the guildchat that may offend other members. We have a wide range of age, sex, and race and it is my duty to those members to keep the guild in line according to the guild rules.
I have kicked people before on the spot for talking trash that is offensive. We are all adults and we know when we cross that line with someone. If this is the case, then I cannot argue against the logic. The only difference is that I would not have invited you back.
If this is not the case and you truly did not say anything offensive, then it is another issue that would best be handled out of the blogging atmosphere between the two parties like adults. If terms can be reached then post a joint article on the result of the conversation. If nothing can be done to correct the situation, then part ways peacefully without dragging everyone else through the mud.
Sorry for critting your comments. I love when I have logged into SAN and seen the banter and conversations. I have never seen you speaking ill or out of line about stuff. Best of luck on whatever decision you make. Either way, I shall continue reading and chatting with folks when I do happen to get to sneak online in SANs. - March 19, 2010 at 11:51 AM
- River said...
Mmm Drama it isn't just for breakfast anymore.
- March 19, 2010 at 12:20 PM
- Anonymous said...
Hey bro, you posted on ly whiny post so I assume that you don't need me to send it to you.
On the drama guild bit, either you are the master of sarcasm or the WoW blogging world is about to explode. - March 19, 2010 at 12:33 PM
- Klepsacovic said...
This is entirely unrelated to any previous drama. And I can assure you, there is no sarcasm.
And I just noticed, I don't have any email listed anywhere! I could swear I had it somewhere... Let's fix that. - March 19, 2010 at 12:43 PM
- ★Leila | The Fiction Pixie said...
"I send some polite tells and gchat messages about how I should be GM and she's lazy and emotional and next thing I can't send any green text anymore."
Being a GM for over two years, I got news for you...telling people you could do my job better than I can does not get you on the good side of things.
Furthermore, taking the initiative to run and encourage over 200 bloggers and readers to come together in a guild -AS WELL AS HAVE A EU CHAPTER- is so incredibly NOT lazy.
As a side note, I should be on SAN more often. - March 19, 2010 at 1:26 PM
- Miss Medicina said...
- March 19, 2010 at 2:03 PM
- Kayeri said...
Hm... you join a guild, begin smack-talking and insulting the guild master straight off the bat and then are shocked when you are kicked...
That's really a no-brainer..
DUH! - March 19, 2010 at 2:42 PM
- Keredria said...
Wait, I'm confused... what happened?
Though seriously... drama in a guild full of bloggers... imagine that! - March 19, 2010 at 2:53 PM
- iapetes said...
- March 19, 2010 at 3:22 PM
- iapetes said...
- March 19, 2010 at 3:22 PM
- Klepsacovic said...
@theycallmelila: She didn't make the EU chapter. She copy-catted it.
Miss, I don't appreciate your trolling caplock.
@Kayeri: Smack talk right after I join? Clearly you're misinterpreting the situation. First off, I was in the guild for days, maybe even weeks! I'd have been in longer but Miss Precious was rather slow to invite me. I guess I should have known even then. Also there was zero smack talk.
@iapetes: Nice double post, noob troll. - March 19, 2010 at 3:37 PM
- Dwism said...
Funny? nah
- March 19, 2010 at 4:17 PM
- Klepsacovic said...
Whiny posts are being assembled, thanks to all who send links.
- March 19, 2010 at 7:13 PM
- Cassandri said...
Huh, you wanted to be GM of a social blogging guild?
I think a lot of the bloggers chatting in SAN are a bit too PC (politically correct) and I can't blame the Americans either because another Australian guild member got offended by my use of the word "Aussie"!
Other than that I figured the guild was pretty harmless and mostly pretty cheerful. - March 24, 2010 at 1:49 AM
- Klepsacovic said...
@Cassandri: All of this was a joke that got taken too seriously.
Though I did want to be made GM temporarily in order to make a special rank for myself. - March 24, 2010 at 9:51 AM
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Where 2010-11 Happens: Reason #1 Why We Love College Basketball
Posted by rtmsf on November 8th, 2010Shamelessly cribbing from the clever NBA catch phrase, we here at RTC will present you with the 2010-11 edition of Thirty Reasons We Love College Basketball as we ramp up to the start of the season a little over a month from now. We'll be bringing you players to watch for this season and moments to remember from last season, courtesy of the series of dump trucks, wires and effluvia known as YouTube. If you want to have some fun while killing time, we encourage you to re-visit the entire archive of this feature from the 2008-09 and 2009-10 seasons. Enjoy.
#1- Where Mere Inches From Immortality Happens


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An MRI or magnetic resonance imaging uses magnetic waves and computers to make pictures of the inside of the body. It can make two-dimensional and three-dimensional pictures.
You may have an MRI to diagnose a condition or look for internal injuries. MRIs can look at any body part, from your head to your toes. MRIs can also be used to see if medication or treatment is working for a specific disease like cancer.
MRIs can be harmful if you have metal inside your body including:
Medical devices likes pacemakers, ear implants, insulin pumps and shunts
Joint replacements, plates or metal pins
Metal objects or fragments in your body
Make sure your doctor knows of any internal metal before the test.
If you are pregnant or think you may be pregnant, talk to your doctor before the MRI scan about whether an MRI scan is right for you.
A contrast dye may be used to enhance some images. Some people may have a bad reaction to this dye. Talk to your doctor about any allergies you have or if you have liver or kidney problems. Liver and kidney problems may make it difficult for your body to get rid of the contrast.
Follow your doctor's instructions regarding eating and drinking before the test. This will depend on what part of the body is being examined.
At the MRI center, your doctor may give you a medication to calm you if you are anxious about the test. If your doctor prescribes a sedative you will need to arrange for a ride home. Be sure to follow your doctor's instructions on when to take the sedative. It may need to be taken 1-2 hours before the exam.
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Medical and surgical history
Other conditions that you may have—If your MRI involves contrast material, your doctor will ask about the health of your kidneys. There is a risk of complications in people who have kidney disease and receive contrast material.
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Ear implant.
Metal fragments in your eyes or in any other part of your body. Be sure to tell your doctor if your work involves metal filings or particles.
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You may be:
Given ear plugs or headphones. The MRI machine makes a loud banging noise.
Given an injection of contrast dye into your vein
Allowed to have a family member or friend with you during the test
If a contrast dye is used, a small IV needle is inserted into your hand or arm.
You will lie very still on a sliding table. Depending on your condition, you may have monitors to track your pulse, heart rate, and breathing. The table will slide into a narrow, enclosed cylinder. In some machines, the sides are open, so you can look out into the room.
The technician will leave the room. Through the intercom, the technician will give you directions. You can talk to the technician through this intercom as well. The technician will take the pictures. When the exam is done, you will slide out of the machine. If you have an IV needle, it will be removed.
It will take about 40-90 minutes. The exam is painless. If you have dye injected, there may be stinging when the IV needle is inserted. You may also feel a slight cooling sensation as the dye is injected.
You will be asked to wait at the facility while the images are examined. The technician may need more images.
If you took a sedative, do not drive, operate machinery, or make important decisions until it wears off completely.
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After the exam, a radiologist will analyze the images and send a report to your doctor. Your doctor will talk to you about the results and any further tests or treatment.
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After the test, call your doctor if any of the following occurs:
Worsening of symptoms
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Content was created using EBSCO's Health Library. Edits to original content made by Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia. This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice.
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On Saturday, the guy and I headed west for a spontaneous (and quick!) mini-cation to the rugged Mendocino Coast.
I'm a firm believer in the renewing power of mini trips like this, as they just seem to restore the soul. This was our second time visiting Gualala and, in keeping tradition, we immediately went out to pizza and played a highly competitive two hour game of Checkers. I won't say who won cause it hurts too bad. Let's just say it was a close match.
Other activities including reading for three hours by the fire, exploring the rocky coast and watching surfers brave the cold fog and waves in Point Arena. We stayed the night here and absolutely loved it! I would definitely come back and it was one of the most hospitable bed and breakfasts I've stayed at.
Enjoy our photos!


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The route deemed to be the safest and simplest with minimal scope for error along the way. The default recommended route from Michelin.
The route offering the shortest distance to a destination via the most accessible roads. Journey times for this option will tend to be longer.
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More hotels in Spennymoor
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Work in progress.


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Cambodia | |
Flag | |
Capital | Phnom Penh |
Monarch | King Norodom Sihamoni |
Prime minister | Hun Sen |
Population | 16,750,000 (2020) |
GDP per capita | $1,614 |
Cambodia is a small Southeast Asian country in the region known as Indochina. The indigenous people of Cambodia are known as the Khmer and it is believed that they have inhabited the land since 380 BC.
Cambodia is located on mainland Southeast Asia between Thailand to the west and north and Vietnam to the east. It shares a land border with Laos in the northeast. Cambodia has a sea coast on the Gulf of Thailand. The Dangrek Mountain range in the north and Cardamom Mountains in the southwest form natural boundaries. Principal physical features include the Tonle Sap lake and the Mekong and Bassac Rivers. Cambodia remains one of the most heavily forested countries in the region, although deforestation continues at an alarming rate.
Ninety percent of Cambodia's population is ethnically Cambodian. Other ethnic groups include Chinese, Vietnamese, hill tribes, Chams, and Laotian. Theravada Buddhism is the religion of 95% of the population; Islam, animism, and Christianity also are practiced. Khmer is the official language and is spoken by more than 95% of the population. Some French is still spoken in urban areas, and English is increasingly popular as a second language.
- Population (2007 est.): 13,995,904.
- Avg. annual growth rate (2007 est.): 1.72%.
- Health: Infant mortality rate—58/1,000. Life expectancy—59 years male; 63 years female.
- Ethnic groups: Cambodian 90%; Vietnamese 5%; Chinese 1%; small numbers of hill tribes, Chams, and Laotian.
- Religions: Theravada Buddhism 95%; Islam; animism; Christian.
- Languages: Khmer (official) spoken by more than 95% of the population; some French still spoken in urban areas; English increasingly popular as a second language.
- Education: Years compulsory—none. Enrollment—primary school, 91.9%; grades 7 to 9, 26.1%; grades 10 to 12, 9.3%; and post-secondary, 1.4%. Completion rates—primary school, 46.8%; lower secondary school, 20.57%; upper secondary school, 8.92%; university, 6%. Literacy (total population over 15 that can read and write, 2006)--73.6% (male 84.7%; female 64.1%).
Government and Political Conditions
Cambodia is a constitutional monarchy, and its constitution provides for a multiparty democracy. The Royal Government of Cambodia, formed on the basis of elections internationally recognized as free and fair, was established on September 24, 1993.
The executive branch comprises the king, who is head of state; an appointed prime minister; six deputy prime ministers, 14 senior ministers, 28 ministers, 135 secretaries of state, and 146 undersecretaries of state. The bicameral legislature consists of a 123-member elected National Assembly and a 61-member Senate. The judiciary includes a Supreme Court and lower courts. Administrative subdivisions are 20 provinces and 4 municipalities.
Compared to its recent past, the 1993-2003 period was one of relative stability for Cambodia. However, political violence continued to be a problem. In 1997, factional fighting between supporters of Prince Norodom Ranariddh and Hun Sen broke out, resulting in more than 100 FUNCINPEC deaths and a few Cambodian People's Party (CPP) casualties. Some FUNCINPEC leaders were forced to flee the country, and Hun Sen took over as Prime Minister. FUNCINPEC leaders returned to Cambodia shortly before the 1998 National Assembly elections. In those elections, the CPP received 41% of the vote, FUNCINPEC 32%, and the Sam Rainsy Party (SRP) 13%. Due to political violence, intimidation, and lack of media access, many international observers judged the elections to have been seriously flawed. The CPP and FUNCINPEC formed another coalition government, with CPP the senior partner.
Cambodia's first commune elections were held in February 2002. These elections to select chiefs and members of 1,621 commune (municipality) councils also were marred by political violence and fell short of being free and fair by international standards. The election results were largely acceptable to the major parties, though procedures for the new local councils have not been fully implemented.
National Assembly elections in July 2003 failed to give any one party the two-thirds majority of seats required under the constitution to form a government. The CPP secured 73 seats, FUNCINPEC 26 seats, and the SRP 24 seats. As a result, the incumbent CPP-led administration continued in power in a caretaker role pending the formation of a coalition with the required number of National Assembly seats to form a government.
On July 8, 2004, the National Assembly approved a controversial addendum to the constitution in order to require a vote on a new government and to end the nearly year-long political stalemate. The vote took place on July 15, and the National Assembly approved a new coalition government comprised of the CPP and FUNCINPEC, with Hun Sen as Prime Minister and Prince Norodom Ranariddh as President of the National Assembly. The SRP and representatives of civil society non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have asserted the addendum was unconstitutional. The SRP boycotted the vote and currently is in opposition. In February 2005, the National Assembly voted to lift the parliamentary immunity of three opposition parliamentarians, including SRP leader Sam Rainsy, in connection with lawsuits filed against them by members of the ruling parties. One of the MPs, Cheam Channy, was arrested and later tried, while Sam Rainsy went into self-imposed exile. In October 2005, the government arrested critics of Cambodia's border treaties with Vietnam and later detained four human rights activists following International Human Rights Day in December. In January 2006, the political climate improved with the Prime Minister's decision to release all political detainees and permit Sam Rainsy's return to Cambodia. Following public criticism by Hun Sen, Prince Ranariddh resigned as President of the National Assembly in March 2006.
On October 7, 2004, King Sihanouk abdicated the throne due to illness. On October 14, the Cambodian Throne Council selected Prince Norodom Sihamoni to succeed Sihanouk as King. King Norodom Sihamoni officially ascended the throne in a coronation ceremony on October 29, 2004.
Cambodia's second commune elections were held in April 2007, and there was little in the way of pre-election violence that preceded the 2002 and 2003 elections. The CPP won 61% of the seats, the SRP won 25.5%, and FUNCINEC and Prince Ranariddh's new party combined won close to 6%. National elections are scheduled for 2008.
The constitution provides for a wide range of internationally recognized human rights, including freedom of the press. While limitations still exist on mass media, freedom of the press has improved markedly in Cambodia since the adoption of the 1993 constitution, which grants a certain degree of freedom to the media. The written press, while considered largely free, has ties to individual political parties or factions and does not seek to provide objective reporting or analysis. Cambodia has an estimated 20 Khmer-language newspapers that are published regularly. Of these, eight are published daily. There are two major English-language newspapers, one of which is produced daily. Broadcast media, in contrast to print, is more closely controlled. It tends to be politically affiliated, and access for opposition parties is extremely limited.
Principal Government Officials
- King and Head of State—Norodom Sihamoni
- Prime Minister and Head of Government—Hun Sen
- President of the Senate—Say Chhum
- President of National Assembly—Heng Samrin
Foreign Relations
Cambodia has established diplomatic relations with most countries, including the United States. The country is a member of most major international organizations, including the UN and its specialized agencies, and became a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1998.
Cambodia is a member of the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). On October 13, 2004, Cambodia became the 148th member of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Relations with the United States
Between 1955 and 1963, the United States provided $409.6 million in economic grant aid and $83.7 million in military assistance. This aid was used primarily to repair damage caused by Cambodia's war of independence from France, to support internal security forces, and for the construction of an all-weather road to the seaport of Sihanoukville, which gave Cambodia its first direct access to the sea and access to the southwestern hinterlands. Relations deteriorated in the early 1960s. Diplomatic relations were broken by Cambodia in May 1965, but were reestablished on July 2, 1969. U.S. relations continued after the establishment of the Khmer Republic until the U.S. mission was evacuated on April 12, 1975. During the 1970-75 war, the United States provided $1.18 billion in military assistance and $503 million in economic assistance. A majority of this money was traced to Buddhist dissidents within the nation, according to a U.N. survey of the efforts.[1] The United States condemned the brutal character of the Khmer Rouge regime between 1975 and 1979. The United States opposed the subsequent military occupation of Cambodia by Vietnam, and supported ASEAN's efforts in the 1980s to achieve a comprehensive political settlement of the problem. This was accomplished on October 23, 1991, when the Paris Conference reconvened to sign a comprehensive settlement.
The U.S. Mission in Phnom Penh opened on November 11, 1991, headed by career diplomat Charles H. Twining, Jr., who was designated U.S. Special Representative to the SNC. On January 3, 1992, the U.S. lifted its embargo against Cambodia, thus normalizing economic relations with the country. The United States also ended blanket opposition to lending to Cambodia by international financial institutions. When the freely elected Royal Government of Cambodia was formed on September 24, 1993, the United States and the Kingdom of Cambodia immediately established full diplomatic relations. The U.S. Mission was upgraded to a U.S. Embassy, and in May 1994 Mr. Twining became the U.S. Ambassador. After the factional fighting in 1997 and Hun Sen's legal machinations to depose First Prime Minister Ranariddh, the United States suspended bilateral assistance to the Cambodian Government. At the same time, many U.S. citizens and other expatriates were evacuated from Cambodia and, in the subsequent weeks and months, more than 40,000 Cambodian refugees fled to Thailand. The 1997 events also left a long list of uninvestigated human rights abuses, including dozens of extrajudicial killings. Since 1997, U.S. assistance to the Cambodian people has been provided mainly through non-governmental organizations, which flourish in Cambodia.
The United States supports efforts in Cambodia to combat terrorism, build democratic institutions, promote human rights, foster economic development, eliminate corruption, achieve the fullest possible accounting for Americans missing from Indochina conflict, and to bring to justice those most responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed under the Khmer Rouge regime.
Since 2004, the economy's growth rate has averaged over 10%, with the garment sector and the growing tourism industry driving the growth. Inflation steadily increased from 1.3% in 2003 to 6.7% in 2005; for 2006, it was 5%. The economy is heavily dollarized; the dollar and riel can be used interchangeably. Cambodia remains heavily reliant on foreign assistance—about half of the central government budget depends on donor assistance. Cambodia has had trouble attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), due in part to the unreliable legal environment. FDI was recorded at $142 million in 2000 and gradually dropped to $121 million in 2004. In 2005, for the first time in five years, FDI increased to $216 million.
- GDP (2006 est.): $6.6 billion.
- Per capita GDP (2005): $448.
- Annual growth rate (2006): 10.5%.
- Inflation (2006): 5%.
- Natural resources: Timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese and phosphate, hydroelectric potential from the Mekong River.
Agriculture (34.2% of GDP, 2005): About 4,848,000 hectares (12 million acres) are unforested land; all are arable with irrigation, but 2.5 million hectares are cultivated. Products—rice, rubber, corn, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour.
- Industry (26.7% of GDP, 2005): Types—garment and shoe manufacturing, rice milling, tobacco, fisheries and fishing, wood and wood products, textiles, cement, some rubber production, paper and food processing.
- Services (39.1% of GDP, 2004 est.): Tourism, telecommunications, transportation, and construction.
- Central government budget (2005): Revenues--$642 million; expenditures--$812 million; foreign financing--$273 million.
- Trade: Exports ($3.45 billion, 2006)--garments, shoes, cigarettes, natural rubber, rice, pepper, wood, fish. Major partners—United States, Germany, U.K., Singapore, Japan, Vietnam. Imports ($3.31 billion, 2006)--fuels, cigarettes, vehicles, consumer goods, machinery. Major partners—Thailand, Singapore, China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Taiwan, United States.
- Economic aid received: Pledges of $601 million in grants and concessional loans for calendar year 2006. Major donors—Asian Development Bank (ADB), UN Development Program (UNDP), World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Australia, Canada, Denmark, the EU, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, Thailand, U.K., U.S. According to the Cambodian Government, 95.2% of the $504 million pledged by donors for 2005 was actually disbursed.
- Principal foreign commercial investors: Malaysia, Taiwan, U.S., China, Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Thailand.
- Exchange rate (2006): 4,114 riel per U.S. $1.
Manufacturing output is concentrated in the garment sector, which started to expand rapidly in the mid-1990s and now employs more than 250,000 workers. Garments dominate Cambodia's exports, especially to the U.S., and accounted for over $2 billion in revenues in 2005, a record high. Since the end of the Multi-Fiber Arrangement in 2005, Cambodia has maintained exports, against expectations. The other main foreign currency earner is tourism; in 2004, visitors topped one million for the first time, many of whom visited the ancient Angkor Wat complex at Siem Reap. The service sector is heavily concentrated in trading activities and catering-related services. Exploratory drilling for oil and natural gas began in 2005 and although there are no clear figures, oil production could more than double Cambodia's revenue.
In spite of recent progress, the Cambodian economy continues to suffer from the legacy of decades of war and internal strife. Per capita income and education levels are lower than in most neighboring countries. Infrastructure remains inadequate. Most rural households depend on agriculture and its related subsectors. Corruption and lack of legal protections for investors continue to hamper economic opportunity and competitiveness. The economy also has a poor track record in creating jobs in the formal sector, and the challenge will only become more daunting in the future since 50% of the population is under 20 years of age and large numbers of job seekers will begin to enter the work force each year over the next 10 years.
Khmer Kingdom
Over a period of 300 years, between 900 and 1200 AD, the Khmer Kingdom of Angkor produced some of the world's most magnificent architectural masterpieces on the northern shore of the Tonle Sap, near the present town of Siem Reap. The Angkor area stretches 15 miles east to west and 5 miles north to south. Some 72 major temples or other buildings dot the area. Suryavarman II built the principal temple, Angkor Wat, between 1112 and 1150. With walls nearly one-half mile on each side, Angkor Wat portrays the Hindu cosmology with the central towers representing Mount Meru, home of the gods; the outer walls, the mountains enclosing the world; and the moat, the oceans beyond. Angkor Thom, the capital city built after the Cham sack of 1177, is surrounded by a 300-foot wide moat. Construction of Angkor Thom coincided with a change from Hinduism to Buddhism. Temples were altered to display images of the Buddha, and Angkor Wat became a major Buddhist shrine, as well as a center of protest for Buddhist warriors rebelling against Khmer rule. Pourin Hin wrote at the time, "This is the heart of our fight." This is in stark contrast to Angkor Wat's current status as a landmark of peace.[2]
During the 15th century, nearly all of Angkor was abandoned after Siamese attacks. The exception was Angkor Wat, which remained a shrine for Buddhist pilgrims. The great city and temples remained largely cloaked by the forest until the late 19th century when French archaeologists began a long restoration process. France established the Angkor Conservancy in 1908 to direct restoration of the Angkor complex. For the next 64 years, the conservancy worked to clear away the forest, repair foundations, and install drains to protect the buildings from their most insidious enemy: water. After 1953, the conservancy became a joint project of the French and Cambodian Governments. Some temples were carefully taken apart stone by stone and reassembled on concrete foundations. Tourism is now the second-largest foreign currency earner in Cambodia's economy, and Angkor Wat has helped attract international tourism to the country.
Modern History
Although Cambodia had a rich and powerful past under the Hindu state of Funan and the Kingdom of Angkor, by the mid-19th century the country was on the verge of dissolution. After repeated requests for French assistance, a protectorate was established in 1863. By 1884, Cambodia was a virtual colony; soon after it was made part of the Indochina Union with Annam, Tonkin, Cochin-China, and Laos. France continued to control the country even after the start of World War II through its Vichy government. In 1945, the Japanese dissolved the colonial administration after repeated attacks by guerrilla fighters from the Buddhist valleys in the south, and King Norodom Sihanouk declared an independent, anti-colonial government under Prime Minister Son Ngoc Thanh in March 1945. The Allies deposed this government in October. In January 1953, Sihanouk named his father as regent and went into self-imposed exile, refusing to return until Cambodia gained genuine independence.
Full Independence
Sihanouk's actions hastened the French Government's July 4, 1953 announcement of its readiness to grant independence, which came on November 9, 1953. The situation remained uncertain until a 1954 conference was held in Geneva to settle the French-Indochina war. All participants, except the United States and the State of Vietnam, associated themselves (by voice) with the final declaration. The Cambodian delegation agreed to the neutrality of the three Indochinese states but insisted on a provision in the cease-fire agreement that left the Cambodian Government free to call for outside military assistance should the Viet Minh or others threaten its territory.
Neutral Cambodia
Neutrality was the central element of Cambodian foreign policy during the 1950s and 1960s. By the mid-1960s, parts of Cambodia's eastern provinces were serving as bases for North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong (NVA/VC) forces operating against South Vietnam, and the port of Sihanoukville was being used to supply them. As NVA/VC activity grew, the United States and South Vietnam became concerned, and in 1969, the United States began a series of air raids against NVA/VC base areas inside Cambodia. The bombing campaign, which was tabbed as Operation Menu, saw U.S. planes conduct over 3,000 sorties into Cambodia, dropping over 2,000,000 tons of bombs, which exceeds the total bombs dropped by the U.S. during the entirety of the Second World War.[3]
Throughout the 1960s, domestic politics polarized. Opposition grew within the middle class and among leftists, including Paris-educated leaders such as Son Sen, Ieng Sary, and Saloth Sar (later known as Pol Pot), who led an insurgency under the clandestine Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK).
The Khmer Republic and the War
In March 1970, Gen. Lon Nol deposed Prince Sihanouk and assumed power. On October 9, the Cambodian monarchy was abolished, and the country was renamed the Khmer Republic. Hanoi rejected the new republic's request for the withdrawal of NVA/VC troops and began to reinfiltrate some of the 2,000-4,000 Cambodians who had gone to North Vietnam in 1954. They became a cadre in the insurgency. The United States moved to provide material assistance to the new government's armed forces, which were engaged against both the Khmer Rouge insurgents and NVA/VC forces. In April 1970, U.S. and South Vietnamese forces entered Cambodia in a campaign aimed at destroying NVA/VC base areas. Although a considerable quantity of equipment was seized or destroyed, NVA/VC forces proved elusive and moved deeper into Cambodia. NVA/VC units overran many Cambodian Army positions while the Khmer Rouge expanded their smallscale attacks on lines of communication.
The Khmer Republic's leadership was plagued by disunity among its members, the problems of transforming a 30,000-man army into a national combat force of more than 200,000 men, and spreading corruption. The insurgency continued to grow, with supplies and military support provided by North Vietnam. But inside Cambodia, Pol Pot and Ieng Sary asserted their dominance over the Vietnamese-trained communists, many of whom were purged. At the same time, the Khmer Rouge forces became stronger and more independent of their Vietnamese patrons. By 1974, Lon Nol's control was reduced to small enclaves around the cities and main transportation routes. More than 2 million refugees from the war lived in Phnom Penh and other cities.
Due to its involvement in Vietnam and Operation Menu, the U.S. faced intense pressure from some quarters to intervene and prevent the ongoing genocide by the Khmer Rouge. However, liberal politicians, journalists and activists downplayed the atrocities and fought against any humanitarian intervention. The Pulitzer Prize-winning book A Problem from Hell: America and the age of Genocide records that "leftists were so eager to see an egalitarian band of communists taking control of another country that they paid little attention to reports of terror."[4]
On New Year's Day 1975, communist troops launched an offensive that, in 117 days of the hardest fighting of the war, destroyed the Khmer Republic. Simultaneous attacks around the perimeter of Phnom Penh pinned down Republican forces, while other Khmer Rouge units overran fire bases controlling the vital lower Mekong resupply route. A U.S.-funded airlift of ammunition and rice ended when Congress refused additional aid for Cambodia. Phnom Penh surrendered on April 17, 1975–5 days after the U.S. mission evacuated Cambodia.
Many Cambodians welcomed the arrival of peace, but the Khmer Rouge soon turned Cambodia—which it renamed "Democratic Kampuchea" (DK), although it was not democratic in any sense—into a land of horror. Immediately after its victory, the new regime ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns, sending the entire urban population out into the countryside to till the land. Thousands starved or died of disease during the evacuation. Many of those forced to evacuate the cities were resettled in new villages, which lacked food, agricultural implements, and medical care. Many starved before the first harvest, and hunger and malnutrition—bordering on starvation—were constant during those years. Those who resisted or who questioned orders were immediately executed, as were most military and civilian leaders of the former regime who failed to disguise their pasts.
Within the CPK, the Paris-educated leadership—Pol Pot, Ieng Sary, Nuon Chea, and Son Sen—was in control, and Pol Pot was made Prime Minister. Prince Sihanouk was put under virtual house arrest. The new government sought to restructure Cambodian society completely. Remnants of the old society were abolished, and Buddhism suppressed.
Agriculture was collectivized, and the surviving part of the industrial base was abandoned or placed under state control. Cambodia had neither a currency nor a banking system. The regime controlled every aspect of life and reduced everyone to the level of abject obedience through terror. Torture centers were established, and detailed records were kept of the thousands murdered there. Public executions of those considered unreliable or with links to the previous government were common. Few succeeded in escaping the military patrols and fleeing the country. Solid estimates of the numbers who died between 1975 and 1979 are not available, but it is likely that hundreds of thousands were brutally executed by the regime. Hundreds of thousands more died of starvation and disease—both under the Khmer Rouge and during the Vietnamese invasion in 1978. Estimates of the dead range from 1.7 million to 3 million, out of a 1975 population estimated at 7.3 million.
Kampuchea's relations with Vietnam and Thailand worsened rapidly as a result of border clashes and ideological differences. While communist, the CPK was fiercely anti-Vietnamese, and most of its members who had lived in Vietnam were purged. The government of Kampuchea established close ties with China, and the Cambodian-Vietnamese conflict became part of the Sino-Soviet rivalry, with Moscow backing Vietnam. Border clashes worsened when Kampuchea's military attacked villages in Vietnam.
In mid-1978, Vietnamese forces invaded Cambodia, advancing about 30 miles before the arrival of the rainy season. In December 1978, Vietnam announced formation of the Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation (KUFNS) under Heng Samrin, a former DK division commander. It was composed of Khmer communists who had remained in Vietnam after 1975 and officials from the eastern sector—like Heng Samrin and Hun Sen—who had fled to Vietnam from Cambodia in 1978. In late December 1978, Vietnamese forces launched a full invasion of Cambodia, capturing Phnom Penh on January 7, 1979 and driving the remnants of Kampuchea's army westward toward Thailand.
The Vietnamese Occupation
On January 10, 1979, the Vietnamese installed Heng Samrin as head of state in the new People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK). The Vietnamese Army continued its pursuit of Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge forces. At least 600,000 Cambodians displaced during the Pol Pot era and the Vietnamese invasion began streaming to the Thai border in search of refuge.
The international community responded with a massive relief effort coordinated by the United States through the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Food Program. More than $400 million was provided between 1979 and 1982, of which the United States contributed nearly $100 million. At one point, more than 500,000 Cambodians were living along the Thai-Cambodian border and more than 100,000 in holding centers inside Thailand.
Vietnam's occupation army of as many as 200,000 troops controlled the major population centers and most of the countryside from 1979 to September 1989. The Heng Samrin regime's 30,000 troops were plagued by poor morale and widespread desertion. Resistance to Vietnam's occupation continued. A large portion of the Khmer Rouge's military forces eluded Vietnamese troops and established themselves in remote regions. The non-communist resistance, consisting of a number of groups which had been fighting the Khmer Rouge after 1975—including Lon Nol-era soldiers—coalesced in 1979-80 to form the Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces (KPNLAF), which pledged loyalty to former Prime Minister Son Sann, and Moulinaka (Movement pour la Liberation Nationale de Kampuchea), loyal to Prince Sihanouk. In 1979, Son Sann formed the Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) to lead the political struggle for Cambodia's independence. Prince Sihanouk formed his own organization, National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC), and its military arm, the Armee Nationale Sihanoukienne (ANS) in 1981.
Within Cambodia, Vietnam had only limited success in establishing its client Heng Samrin regime, which was dependent on Vietnamese advisers at all levels. Security in some rural areas was tenuous, and major transportation routes were subject to interdiction by resistance forces. The presence of Vietnamese throughout the country and their intrusion into nearly all aspects of Cambodian life alienated much of the populace. The settlement of Vietnamese nationals, both former residents and new immigrants, further exacerbated anti-Vietnamese sentiment. Reports of the numbers involved vary widely, with some estimates as high as 1 million. By the end of the decade, Khmer nationalism began to reassert itself against the traditional Vietnamese enemy. In 1986, Hanoi claimed to have begun withdrawing part of its occupation forces. At the same time, Vietnam continued efforts to strengthen its client regime, the PRK, and its military arm, the Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Armed Forces (KPRAF). These withdrawals continued over the next 2 years, and the last Vietnamese troops left Cambodia in September 1989.
Peace Efforts
From July 30 to August 30, 1989, representatives of 18 countries, the four Cambodian parties, and the UN Secretary General met in Paris in an effort to negotiate a comprehensive settlement. They hoped to achieve those objectives seen as crucial to the future of post-occupation Cambodia—a verified withdrawal of the remaining Vietnamese occupation troops, the prevention of the return to power of the Khmer Rouge, and genuine self-determination for the Cambodian people. A comprehensive settlement was agreed upon on August 28, 1990.
Cambodia's Renewal
On October 23, 1991, the Paris Conference reconvened to sign a comprehensive settlement giving the UN full authority to supervise a cease-fire, repatriate the displaced Khmer along the border with Thailand, disarm and demobilize the factional armies, and prepare the country for free and fair elections. Prince Sihanouk, President of the Supreme National Council of Cambodia (SNC), and other members of the SNC returned to Phnom Penh in November 1991, to begin the resettlement process in Cambodia. The UN Advance Mission for Cambodia (UNAMIC) was deployed at the same time to maintain liaison among the factions and begin demining operations to expedite the repatriation of approximately 370,000 Cambodians from Thailand.
On March 16, 1992, the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) arrived in Cambodia to begin implementation of the UN Settlement Plan. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees began fullscale repatriation in March 1992. UNTAC grew into a 22,000-strong civilian and military peacekeeping force to conduct free and fair elections for a constituent assembly.
Over 4 million Cambodians (about 90% of eligible voters) participated in the May 1993 elections, although the Khmer Rouge or Party of Democratic Kampuchea (PDK), whose forces were never actually disarmed or demobilized, barred some people from participating. Prince Ranariddh's FUNCINPEC Party was the top vote recipient with a 45.5% vote, followed by Hun Sen's Cambodian People's Party and the Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party, respectively. FUNCINPEC then entered into a coalition with the other parties that had participated in the election. The parties represented in the 120-member assembly proceeded to draft and approve a new constitution, which was promulgated September 24, 1993. It established a multiparty liberal democracy in the framework of a constitutional monarchy, with the former Prince Sihanouk elevated to King. Prince Ranariddh and Hun Sen became First and Second Prime Ministers, respectively, in the Royal Cambodian Government (RGC). The constitution provides for a wide range of internationally recognized human rights.
On October 4, 2004, the Cambodian National Assembly ratified an agreement with the United Nations on the establishment of a tribunal to try senior leaders responsible for the atrocities committed by the Khmer Rouge. Donor countries have pledged the $43 million international share of the three-year tribunal budget, while the Cambodian government's share of the budget is $13.3 million. The tribunal plans to begin trials of senior Khmer Rouge leaders in 2007.
See also
- ↑ Schlesinger, Robert. Schlesinger's History of the East, 2nd ed. New York: Camport & Sons, 1986.
- ↑ Schlesinger, Robert. Schlesinger's History of the East, 2nd ed. New York: Camport & Sons, 1986.
- ↑ http://www.zcommunications.org/bombs-over-cambodia-new-light-on-us-air-war-by-taylor-owen
- ↑ A Problem from Hell: America and the age of Genocide by Samantha Power, p.111
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text:
First Aid Kit
The Lion's Roar
You simply won't find a more powerful piece of Americana than the title track on First Aid Kit's new album. The Lions Roar is immense; dark skies over the open prairie, with distant, melancholy guitars giving way to a thundering chorus. It's bleak, desolate and epic, the kind of song that Fleet Foxes only wish they could make.
Sisters Klara and Johanna Söderberg (who, despite their dustbowl-inflected vocals are Swedish) have said that they only do sad songs. But what's really sad here is that the rest of this album fails to capture the power of the title track. Instead, we drift from the dusty plains to small-town America, and while the sisters might have a gift for imagery, it's nowhere near as much fun to listen to. By the time the cheerfully moronic Blue rolls around, you'll be aching for some more drama.
There are moments when this is recaptured – such as the haunting Wolf – but this could have been so much more. First Aid Kit is staggeringly talented, but we do wish they'd stick to what they're good at.
For more information, visit www.thisisfirstaidkit.com
Rob Boffard


text:
If you look closely at the AP photograph of the South Korean marines conducting a drill on Yeonpyoeong island, you can see that their yellow headbands read tongil. That's the Korean word for reunification. With the South Korean government conducting another round of live-fire artillery drills in contested waters near North Korea, the message of the headband is unambiguous. Rather than waiting patiently for reunification to take place through negotiations, the Lee Myoung-bak administration wants to accelerate the process, by force if necessary.
When South Korea conducted live-fire drills in the area last month, North Korea responded by shelling Yeonpyeong island, killing two soldiers and two civilians. The South shelled back. This time around, the South disregarded pleas by China and Russia to postpone its military exercise. On Monday, it conducted 90 minutes of artillery shelling from Yeonpyeong island as South Korean jet fighters flew overhead. Despite initial threats to retaliate, North Korea has so far refrained from responding to what it has called a "despicable military provocation."
South Korea's resolve to go through with the test was simply a refusal to be bullied, argued many analysts, including former South Korean foreign minister Han Sung-Joo. "If each North Korean threat tied our hands, we would become hostage to their threats," he commented.
As the yellow headbands indicate, however, the current South Korean government is not just sending a message of deterrence. The Lee Myung-bak government, like its recent predecessors, sees an opportunity to break the stalemate on the peninsula. But unlike either the Kim Dae-Jung or Roh Moo-Hyun administration, Lee doesn't see a long, slow process of negotiating reunification.
When Lee looks north, he sees an ailing dictator, a struggling economy, and a desperate national-security apparatus. The Wikileaks documents, meanwhile, suggested that China was losing patience with its North Korean ally. All of this contributed to last week's statement by the South Korean president that "unification is drawing near." The South Korean government is putting money into preparing for regime collapse in the north in much the way the Kim and Roh governments put money into engaging the North economically and politically.
The U.S. government has generally backed the South Korean government's more aggressive posture. Twenty U.S. soldiers participated in the recent live-fire drill. Joint South Korean-U.S. military exercises in these contested wars have ratcheted up the tensions. And at the United Nations, the United States has pushed for a condemnation of North Korea's November 23 artillery attack to be included in a statement otherwise designed to calm the waters. China has blocked consensus, sensibly pointing out that such a statement would only roil the waters more.
At the same time, New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson just returned from Pyongyang with the outlines of a possible deal that could bring the disputing parties back to the negotiating table. North Korea is willing to allow back UN nuclear inspectors, send fuel rods out of the country, and establish a hotline between the two Koreas and the United States. While in Pyongyang, Richardson urged the North Korean leadership to show "maximum restraint" in dealing with South Korea's drills.
Today North Korea followed Richardson's advice. Now it's the South Korean and U.S. turn to show maximum restraint. By following up on the offer on the table, all sides can step away from the precipice and go back to pursuing reunification the old-fashioned way: by talking, not fighting.
Focal Points Blog, December 20, 2010