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On April 10, 2024 the BC Government introduced Bill 22, Safe Access to Schools Act. The intent of the new law will be to provide police the authority to arrest or issue tickets to anyone found impeding access, disrupting educational activities or attempting to intimidate an individual within 20 metres (66 feet) of school grounds, K-to-12.
Before establishing these "access zones" around a school, the new legislation requires the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council to have regard for several factors, including the importance of education, safety and well-being of the students, the importance of the health, safety and well-being of persons providing educational programs and the need to protect access to schools.
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BC Attorney General Niki Sharma explained to reporters that "Access zones are not about restricting free speech" she said. "Just because you have the right to protest, doesn't mean you have the right to intimidate and harass".
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The word justification refers to the process or state of becoming righteous.
As used in theological circles today, it is pregnant with meaning and laden with baggage carried over from the Protestant Reformation. There has been in recent centuries a tendency among biblical scholars to exclusively adopt and employ the standard Western Christian or reformed Protestant juridical definition of the word. It often seems that this understanding of justification is adopted de facto as the only proper way to understand the Pauline use of the word.
The word justification is used three times in the Romans. The word group is defined in the following manner: dike (root word of the group, meaning right or just), dikaios (meaning righteously or justly), dikaiosune (meaning righteousness or justice), dikaiosis (meaning "the act of pronouncing righteous" or acquittal), dikaioma (meaning an ordinance, a sentence of acquittal or condemnation, a righteous deed), dikaio (meaning "to show to be righteous" or "to declare righteous"), and dikastase (meaning "to judge" or "a judge"). It appears that the word group, when taken as a whole, can convey both a sense of righteousness and justice (as a legal declaration).
This legal framework for understanding justification all hinges on the concept of justice as understood in the pagan Greek culture of the time - dikaiosis. The ancient, pagan Greeks, Thucydides for one, adhered to a juridical understanding of this concept as punishment. It is valid to assume that St. Paul was familiar with these pagan concepts, since this Greek culture was his immediate cultural context. The question arises: What do we do with St. Paul's Jewish heritage and culture that was no less familiar to St. Paul, but was surely of more importance to him? Dr. Alexandre Kalomiros in The River of Fire proposes that the traditional Eastern Christian and patristic view of justification is more compatible with the nature of the Christian God. He says:
- "The word dikaiosune, 'justice,' is a translation of the Hebraic word tsedaka. This word :means 'the divine energy which accomplishes man's salvation.' It is parallel and almost :synonymous to the other Hebraic word, hesed, which means 'mercy,' 'compassion,' 'love,' :and to the word emeth which means 'fidelity,' 'truth.' This gives a completely other :dimension to what we usually conceive as justice. This is how the Church understood God's :justice. This is what the Fathers of the Church taught of it - God is not :just, with the human meaning of this word, but we see that His justice means His goodness and :love, which are given in an unjust manner, that is, God always gives without taking anything :in return, and He gives to persons like us who are not worthy of receiving."
Kalomiros sees justification primarily in an eschatological manner. For Kalomiros, justification is both present and future, eliciting submission in loving response to the unmerited love of God by those who would respond in faith. So, for the Eastern Christian, it is this imparted "righteousness," dikaiosune, (instead of a juridical justification) that is culminated eschatologically in the fullness of time through the mercy of God by our loving response, in faith to Him.
So, in Romans 5:16, when St. Paul says, "And not as it was by one that sinned, so is the gift: for the judgment was by one to condemnation, but the free gift is of many offences unto [dikaioma] justification," the Eastern Christian and patristic scholar would be completely comfortable with justification defined as a "righteousness mercifully imparted by God that restores man to a state that was originally intended." As the fall of Adam condemned the cosmos, and therefore mankind, to a world of sin and corruption, the death and resurrection of Christ is able to "make righteous" that creation which previously existed in a fallen state subjected to death.
While Eastern Christian theology does not embrace a juridical framework, the work of Christ is the sole basis for our imparted righteousness and "justification" in the eyes of God. It is only the work of Christ on the Cross, the "tree that saves," which can counter the condemnation and corruption introduced to the world through the Edenic tree.
Viewing the word group holistically, we can turn to the rest of scripture for a more complete understanding of the dike word group and its implications on St. Paul's use of dikaiosune et. al.
In Matthew 5:17-20, Christ says, "Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven. For I say unto you, That except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the kingdom of heaven."
Here we see a hint about the depth of the righteousness imparted to us by God in his mercy. The dikaiosune tos anthropos that is unattainable by man (as indicated in the passage above) is to be replaced by the dikaiosune tou theou – the righteousness of God in Christ, which is imparted to man in God's mercy. There is no necessity for a juridical pronouncement of innocence, but rather Christ's righteousness is imparted to man in a transformative manner through Christ and his death on the Cross.
In the Eastern Church, this justification (impartation of righteousness) is associated with entrance into the Church. This is an ancient practice preserved from the earliest times. The liturgical texts indicate a process of conversion that culminates in baptism and the joining of oneself to the Church. The baptismal service text clearly defines this belief when the convert or newly baptized infant [after the baptism] is told, "You are justified; you are illumined!" (GOAA – The Service of Holy Baptism) Justification, the impartation of righteousness, begins at conversion through the mercy of God, and it continues throughout the life of the Christian as one is conformed, in righteousness, to the image and likeness of God through the power of the Holy Spirit.
Since the righteousness is offered and imparted to the Christian in love, the Orthodox Christian believes that man is, likewise, free to reject Christ's righteousness and offer of salvation. For there is no love apart from freedom – coercion and slavery are characteristics that are incompatible with a perfect love. There are assurances in Scripture that God will hold close to himself those who are of his fold, and the Christian can rest confidently in this fact. But, we are just as free to reject God and his love as we are to embrace him.
Western v. Eastern concepts - Implications
While the western approach to theology seems to help our Western minds, so used to a scientific model of reasoning, "understand God," the Eastern approach seems to organically synthesize the multi-faceted nature of theological truth. Eastern theology is far from systematic, but it takes into account and embraces all that has been handed down to us from Christ, to his apostles through the Church via the Holy Spirit.
Paul Negrut defines the tension that exists when trying to understand Western theological concepts in light of early Christian and Eastern theology. He says, "Much of this sounds strange to Western ears, both Protestant and Catholic, because the historical development of Western theology has been quite different. Patience is therefore required to penetrate this strangeness, but that is a necessary prelude to any real understanding, dialogue or critique!" This patience is, however, necessary and would, if employed in theological dialog between the East and West, yield much fruit.
It would serve the western Christian well to bear in mind that the juridical concepts of salvation, substitutionary atonement, et. al. were foreign to not only the Eastern Church but also the Western Church (Catholic and Protestant) until the time of Augustine. Even then these concepts were vague and undefined; they were not universal doctrines in the Church anywhere. Anselm further developed these ideas some 600 years later, and Luther built on the work of Anselm about 500 years after that. Is it any wonder that these concepts which seem to the Protestant an integral part of historical Christian theology (which are, in actuality, rather new) baffle the Eastern Christian mind? These categories and concepts are somewhat unique and have existed in their present form for a relatively short period of time. To the Eastern Christian, theology is not something that improves with age—it is something to be internalized, and it can best be understood by journeying as close to the roots of our faith as possible. Reason and logic [read: the Enlightenment] cannot guarantee a better understanding of God, his Son or our faith.
Helpful quotations
In summary, it is not an antagonistic attitude that causes the eastern Christian and patristic scholar to recoil at some notions of western and Protestant theology, it is simply that the approach employed by many western scholars (inherited from the likes of Augustine, Anselm and Luther) seems at odds with what eastern Christians believe has been safeguarded since the foundation of the Church at Pentecost. The traditional Orthodox mind is immediately suspicious of biblical interpretations that have little or no root in the early life and theology of the Church; this is true in spades of particularly the forensic notion of justification, and of its consequent bifurcation of faith and works. … This of course does not mean that the Orthodox do not believe that each generation of Christians may receive new insights into Scripture, especially insights relevant in a given cultural context. However, it does mean that the new insights must remain consistent with earlier ones, and that one or two Pauline passages (and one specific interpretation of those passages) are not considered theologically normative – particularly as a foundation for a soteriological dogma – unless the early and continuing tradition of the Church show them consistently to have been viewed as such. … Because of its less juridical exegesis of Pauline soteriological statements, Eastern Christianity has never had anything approaching the kind of faith v. works controversies that have enveloped and (for both good and ill) theologically shaped the Christian West, whether one considers the late fourth-/early fifth-century Pelagian controversy or the 16th-century Protestant Reformation begun by Martin Luther. Rather, the East has maintained a somewhat distant and even puzzled attitude toward the theological polemics which have raged over justification in terms of faith or works. - Valerie Karras
This paganistic conception of God's justice which demands infinite sacrifices in order to be appeased clearly makes God our real enemy and the cause of all our misfortunes. Moreover, it is a justice which is not at all just since it punishes and demands satisfaction from persons which were not at all responsible for the sin of their forefathers. In other words, what Westerners call justice ought rather to be called resentment and vengeance of the worst kind. Even Christ's love and sacrifice loses its significance and logic in this schizoid notion of a God who kills God in order to satisfy the so-called justice of God. Does this concept of justice have anything to do with the justice that God revealed to us? Does the phrase "justice of God" have this meaning in the Old and New Testaments? Perhaps the beginning of the mistaken interpretation of the word justice in the Holy Scriptures was its translation by the Greek word dikaiosune. Not that it is a mistaken translation, but because this word, being a word of the pagan, humanistic, Greek civilization, was charged with human notions which could easily lead to misunderstandings. First of all, the word dikaiosune brings to mind an equal distribution. This is why it is represented by a balance. The good are rewarded and the bad are punished by human society in a fair way. This is human justice. - Kalomiros
- Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America - Service of Holy Baptism
- Karras, Valerie A. – Justification and the Future of the Ecumenical Movement (Liturgical Press – Collegeville, MN)
- Kalomiros, Dr. Alexandre – Saint Nektarios Orthodox Conference: The River of Fire (Seattle, St. Nektarios Press, 1980)
- Pollard, Aurthur - Anselm's Doctrine of the Atonement: An Exegesis and Critique of Cur Deus Homo, Churchman Volume 109, Number 4, 1995


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First of four talks on The Diamond Sutra given at Samish Island Sesshin based on Red Pine edition.
Diamond Sutra 1 – Samish Island
By Zoketsu Norman Fischer | June 24, 2008
Abridged and edited by Barbara Byrum
Tonight I am going to begin the first of three talks on the Vajracchedika Prajnaparamita Sutra. Three talks are not enough to cover these thirty-two chapters of the Diamond Sutra, so I am going to see if I can at least say a word about the first five of the chapters. Thich Nhat Hanh has said this about the first five chapters:
Please read and re-read the first five chapters of the sutra. All of the essentials have been presented, and if you re-read these sections, you will come to understand its meaning. Once you understand, you may find the Diamond Sutra like a piece of beautiful music. Without straining at all, the meaning will just enter you.
I'm using Red Pine's translation. Red Pine is a tremendous Buddhist sage and treasure of our time. He has recently come out with these translations. It really makes a new contribution to these texts, whenever a new translator with a fresh eye and good understanding and good ability in the language comes along. It is like the sutra comes alive all over again.
The Vajracchedika Prajnaparamita Sutra, chapter one:
Thus have I heard: Once the Bhagavan was dwelling near Shravasti at Anathapindada Garden in Jeta Forest, together with the full assembly of 1250 bhikshus and a great many fearless bodhisattvas.
One day before noon, the Bhagavan put on his patched robe and picked up his bowl and entered the capital of Shravasti for offerings. After begging for food in the city and eating his meal of rice, he returned from his daily round in the afternoon, put his robe and bowl away, washed his feet, and sat down on the appointed seat. After crossing his legs and adjusting his body, he turned his awareness to what was before him.
A number of bhikshus then came up to where the Bhagavan was sitting. After touching their heads to his feet, they walked around him to the right three times and sat down to one side.
All traditional commentaries begin with the title – Vajracchedikaprajnaparamita Sutra. "Vajra" means diamond, which we know, because usually the sutra is given the English name Diamond Sutra. In tantric Buddhism, vajra also means "thunderbolt; a lightning flash in the sky." In both cases, the sense is of something "dazzling, brilliant, bright, powerful, sudden, and dramatic."
A diamond, of course, cuts through everything, and nothing can cut it. Since the cchedika part of vajrachhedika means "cutter," we can imagine a diamond cutter like a sword. So you always see Manjushri Bodhisattva holding up a sword. We can imagine that it is made out of diamond, which cuts through confusion and delusion. But a cosmic thunderbolt also cuts through in the same way. Here maybe the metaphor is "illuminating." A diamond, a lightning flash, cuts through the darkness of the sky and illuminates the whole sky suddenly. So you could say that the Vajracchedika is the diamond-sword-thunderbolt sutra.
Prajna paramita I think we all know. Prajna means wisdom. Paramita means "perfection" or "going beyond," in the sense that something that is perfect is something that goes beyond the thing. In other words, it is unsurpassable. It's perfect. It can't surpass perfection.
Usually when I talk about prajna, wisdom, I always say that this is not the same as what we usually mean by wisdom. This is a very particular kind of wisdom. It is the wisdom that perceives the empty nature of conditioned existence. Like the Heart Sutra says, form – which stands for form, feelings, perception, formations, consciousness – is emptiness. Form is empty; feelings are empty; perceptions are empty; impulses to action are empty; and consciousness is empty. The whole of human experience, the whole of the world is empty. Also, wisdom implies that one appreciates that emptiness is empty. So what is emptiness? It is form; it is feelings; it is perceptions; it is volitions and impulses; it's consciousness. It's no other thing than that.
That is what I usually say. But now I am saying that when we say the word "wisdom" conventionally – "Oh, she is such a wise person" – we actually mean the same thing. Even non-Buddhist conventional wisdom means the same thing. When we say that someone is wise – just our conventional idea of someone being wise – we are saying, "This person has perspective. This person has some equanimity." We don't mean smart or quick. We mean they have perspective. They have some measure of equanimity.
To see the real nature of things, the empty nature of things, is exactly to have some equanimity and some perspective. A wise person in all senses – in the conventional sense and the Buddhist sense – is a person who can always say, even in the direst circumstances, "Don't worry, it will be okay." And you can believe the person when they say this, because you can tell that she knows what she is talking about. The person really knows that it will be all right. I think that when you appreciate the empty nature of things, this is how you feel! Whatever it is, it will be all right.
So Prajna Paramita isn't perfect wisdom about something – a Buddhist doctrine, Buddhist practice, or technique. It is really an attitude toward life – an attitude of unshakeable confidence. Unshakeable, because the only thing that is really unshakeable is something that is on a foundation of absolutely nothing. That you can't shake! A foundation built on absolutely nothing is absolutely unshakeable. It's an attitude of confidence, an attitude of equanimity, because what in the world could ever push you out of shape? Literally, everything is without pressure, without weightiness, without burdensome qualities. Everything is empty.
[Norman re-reads the sutra as quoted above.]
The bodhisattvas are quite noticeably fearless. I don't think this means that they were brave, heroic individuals. I think it means that they were fearless, because of having let go of the basic fear that is always characteristic of selfishness – a belief in the solid, real, separate, self-existent nature of oneself and others.
If I am solid, separate, real, and self-existing, then naturally I am afraid. Even if at the moment I do not feel particularly scared, the fear is always there somewhere inside of me, ready to be activated whenever stimulation arises. Whereas, if I am a bodhisattva, understanding that I am not solid, real, separate, or self-existent, then I am always unfolding every moment in love, so what would I have to fear?
The next part is the Buddha's daily routine, so we want to know what the Buddha did every day.
One day before noon, the Bhagavan put on his patched robe and picked up his bowl and entered the capital of Shravasti for offerings. After begging for food in the city and eating his meal of rice, he returned from his daily round in the afternoon, put his robe and bowl away, washed his feet, and sat down on the appointed seat. After crossing his legs and adjusting his body, he turned his awareness to what was before him.
The sutra says, "Some time before noon," meaning after all the practice that he did every morning, sitting and walking meditation, he put on his robe and went to town to beg for food. It says that he put on his "patched robe." In the early sangha, there were three robes that were the clothing of monks. You could possess three robes; no more, no less. You had a five-panel robe, a seven-panel robe, and a nine-panel robe. The five-panel robe was worn around the camp, just like regular clothing. You would put the seven-panel robe on top of the five-panel robe when you were meditating or, maybe, teaching, studying, or discussing dharma. If it was a little more formal, you put on the seven-panel robe. And when you were going to town, or going to visit someone, you put on the nine-panel robe.
In our tradition, the five-panel robe has morphed into the rakusu, which is a five-panel robe. In a sense, it is more informal clothing, just as in the Buddha's time the five-panel robe was more informal clothing. So the five-panel robe has become the rakusu, not in all schools of Buddhism, but in some of the Far Eastern schools.
The kesa that the priests wear is a seven-panel robe, and there is also a nine-panel okesa, and a twenty-five-panel okesa, and other, more elaborate okesas. The nine-panel okesa would be an okesa that you would wear to public ceremonies, in the same spirit as going out to visit royalty or visit somebody in town.
So the Buddha was allowed one meal a day. He ate the meal, and put aside his nine-panel robe. He washed his feet, very carefully taking care of his robe, his bowl, his life. You can imagine his doing it all with great dignity, and apparently doing it himself. Not having people doing everything for him. The bowl to be taken care of by himself. His robe to be taken care of by himself. He washed his own feet. He sat down, crossed his legs, adjusted his body, and turned his awareness to what was before him.
His turning his awareness to "what was before him" is actually pretty interesting. It is translated as if it were a casual term, but it is a technical term, pratimukymsmrti upastapaya. I know this word as upastthana, meaning "basis" or "foundation." The four foundations of mindfulness are kayasmrti upastthana, the foundation of kaya, the body; vedanasmrti upastthana, the foundation of vedana, the sensations and deeply conditioned gut reactions; cittasmrti upastthana, the foundation of citta, the thoughts and emotions; and dharmasmrti upastthana, the foundation of dharma, the basic underlying structures of reality, the shape of mind and reality deeper than our personal conditioning.
Mindfulness, by the way, is actually the same word as remember. So mindfulness is basically remembering to be present. Every time you are off and you come back, that is mindfulness. Mindfulness is when you come back and are aware.
This is interesting, because you have pratimukym, which means the object that happens to be there in front of you. So you could say that this is a fifth foundation of mindfulness. Having trained, as the Buddha certainly had, in the careful, progressive craft of mindfulness of the body – kaya, vedana, chitta, dharma – at this particular moment, he wasn't practicing in this way. He was practicing using whatever was in front of him as the basis for mindfulness.
Awareness means holding in the present moment – without speculation and without the additional covering – what arises with the usual pattern of self-centered thinking. Self-centered thinking is a screen between awareness and object. It is a kind of confusion. Florence [an Everyday Zen priestmentioned the "inner judge." The inner judge is the one who activates self-centered thinking. We all know that when the inner judge is activated, it is hard to tell what is actually there.
The Buddha was practicing a relaxed attention to whatever arises, so there was no need to cut something out or to have intense focus on something. Whatever arose was focused on. I recommend that you practice that way, and if you detect that the thinking is self-centered, then come back to the breath and the body. You push the reset button and start over again. That way the breath and the body will help you to un-hook yourself from the strong habit of self-centered thinking. Then you can relax again and allow what arises.


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Brain and Spine Care
Want to learn more about this at Kettering Health?
What is low back pain?
Low back pain can range from mild, dull, annoying pain, to persistent, severe, disabling pain in the lower back. Pain in the lower back can restrict mobility and interfere with normal functioning.
What causes low back pain?
The exact cause of low back pain can be hard to determine. In most cases, back pain may be a symptom of many different causes, including any of these:
- Overuse, strenuous activity, or improper use (such as repetitive or heavy lifting, exposure to vibration for prolonged periods of time)
- Injury
- Degeneration of vertebrae (often caused by stresses on the muscles and ligaments that support the spine, or the effects of aging)
- Infection
- Abnormal growth (tumor)
- Obesity (often increases weight on the spine and pressure on the disks)
- Poor muscle tone in the back
- Muscle tension or spasm
- Sprain or strain
- Ligament or muscle tears
- Joint problems (such as spinal stenosis)
- Smoking
- Protruding or herniated (slipped) disk
- Disease (such as osteoarthritis, spondylitis, compression fractures)
What are the symptoms of low back pain?
Low back pain is classified as acute (or short term) and chronic. Acute low back pain lasts from a few days to a few weeks. Most acute low back pain will resolve on its own. Chronic low back pain lasts for more than 3 months and often gets worse. The cause of chronic low back pain can be hard to find.
These are the most common symptoms of low back pain. Symptoms may include discomfort or pain in the lower back that is:
- Aching
- Burning
- Stabbing
- Sharp or dull
- Well-defined or vague
The pain may radiate into one or both buttocks or even into the thigh or hip area.
The symptoms of low back pain may look like other health problems. Always see your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.
How is low back pain diagnosed?
Along with a complete medical history and physical exam, tests for low back pain may include:
- X-ray. This test uses electromagnetic energy beams to make images of bones onto film.
- CT scan. This imaging test uses X-rays and computer technology to make detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat, and organs. CT scans are more detailed than general X-rays.
- MRI. This test uses large magnets and a computer to make detailed images of organs and structures in the body.
- Radionuclide bone scan. This imaging technique uses a very small amount of radioactive material that is injected into the patient's bloodstream to be detected by a scanner. This test shows blood flow to the bone and cell activity within the bone.
- Electromyogram (EMG). This test checks nerve and muscle function.
How is low back pain treated?
Treatment may include:
- Changes in activity
- Medicine
- Physical rehabilitation, therapy, or both
- Osteopathic manipulation
- Occupational therapy
- Weight loss (if overweight)
- No smoking
- A prevention program (as directed by your healthcare provider)
- Surgery
- Assistive devices (such as mechanical back supports)
Rehabilitation is often a part of treatment for low back pain. Generally, there are 3 phases of low back pain rehab.
- Acute phase. During this initial phase, the physiatrist (a healthcare provider who specializes in rehab medicine) and treatment team develop a plan to reduce the initial low back pain and source of inflammation. This may include using ultrasound, electrical stimulation, or specialized injections.
- Recovery phase. Once the initial pain and inflammation are better managed, the rehab team focuses on helping you return to normal daily activities while starting a specialized exercise program to regain flexibility and strength.
- Maintenance phase. In this phase, you will learn ways to prevent further injury and strain to the back. You will also learn how to start a fitness program to help further increase strength and endurance.
What can I do to prevent low back pain?
The following may help to prevent low back pain:
- Use correct lifting techniques.
- Maintain correct posture while sitting, standing, and sleeping.
- Exercise regularly (with proper stretching beforehand).
- Don't smoke.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Reduce stress, which may cause muscle tension.
When should I call my healthcare provider?
Call your healthcare provider if:
- Your pain becomes worse or spreads to your hips, thighs, or legs.
- Your pain medicine no longer works well for you.
- Your pain begins to interfere with your daily activities, or interferes with activities more than usual.
Living with low back pain
Most back pain will ease in a few days to a few weeks. If the pain lasts longer than 3 months, it is considered chronic and you should talk with your healthcare provider. Recovery from low back pain can take time. To prevent back pain from coming back, it's important to follow good health practices, such as:
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Exercising regularly
- Practicing good lifting techniques
- Maintaining good posture while sitting, standing, and sleeping
- Not smoking
Key points about low back pain
- Specific treatment for low back pain depends on the cause of the pain and the severity. But it often includes pain medicines and muscle relaxers, physical therapy, and assistive devices such as a back support. It also may include lifestyle changes such as stress reduction, weight loss, and increased physical activity.
- A back rehab program may be used as part of the treatment for low back pain.
- Measures to prevent back pain include using safe lifting techniques, maintaining correct posture, staying at a healthy weight, not smoking, and reducing stress.
Next steps
Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider:
- Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen.
- Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
- Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.
- At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you.
- Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. Also know what the side effects are.
- Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways.
- Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.
- Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.
- If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.
- Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions.
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Thumbs up to the Womens Giving Circle of ACT for Alexandria. At their 5th annual spring forum last week, the Giving Circle announced this years awards of $60,000 in gifts to Alexandria non-profits. Since its 2004 formation, the Giving Circle has donated more than $400,000. Thanks for filling a vital need in our community!
Denise Dunbar
Thumbs up to the Alexandria City Council for voting Tuesday night to seek federal grants of more than 1 million dollars to use for teen pregnancy prevention efforts. The unanimous 7-0 vote was a welcome display of bipartisanship on an important issue.
Patrice Culligan
Thumbs Up to the various Memorial Day celebrations in our midst. In Alexandria we have our program at the Rocky Versace plaza at 11 a.m. Also at 11, at Arlington National Cemeterys Memorial Amphitheater, is the national Memorial Day ceremony, where upwards of 5,000 visitors are expected.
Denise Dunbar
Thumbs up to American Legion Post 24 for its ongoing role in preserving Alexandrias History. Post 24, the honoree in next weeks Historic Alexandria Museum Gala, was instrumental in raising awareness and funds to preserve Gadsbys Tavern. At the Gala, a letter written by Thomas Jefferson in 1808 that was recently discovered in its archives will be on display. Thanks for your long-term role in preserving our history!
Patrice Culligan


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About Us
Bush Insurance & Financial Services, Inc. is an independently owned and locally operated insurance agency in Hermitage, Tennessee.
We help people across the state find affordable and reliable insurance products from a variety of trusted carriers. As an independent agency, we can help you find the perfect combination of coverage and price to fit your unique needs.
What Does Independent Mean?
"Independent" means we're not tied to any one insurance carrier. In other words, we can research rates and coverage options from several top insurance companies to find the best policies for you.
We do the shopping and comparing to save you time and money!
How to Get in Touch
We invite you to submit a free online quote request, call us at 615-794-9668 (after hours at 615-714-5422), or email us to review coverage options for auto, home, life, health, business, and more.
We provide free, no hassle and no obligation insurance quotes to help you make an informed decision.
New Nashvillian
Welcome to our customers who are new to Nashville! We aren't surprised you chose to make Nashville your new home, and we are confident you will enjoy living here as much as we do. Here are some links to get you started in settling in. Then check out our "New Nashvillian" Pinterest board – search Pinterest […]
Our Referral Program
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Why an Independent Agent?
Not all insurance agents are the same! Choosing the right one can make a big difference in price, service, and value.
Reviews "Just letting you know, going to the same Church for many years, your taking care of my insurance needs for 20 plus years, is something I am very fortunate for. The Pest Control Industry is tough enough and I'm glad you're on my side" – Steve Smiley, PCS Pest Control, Nashville, TN "I am […]
Bush Insurance & Financial Services, Inc. – personal and online insurance service and claims support serving Tennessee.
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Reader Question: We own a one-acre lot on a street with mostly half-acre lots. We are considering splitting the lot into two half-acre lots. The only problem is the house is in the middle. It would cost about 75k to move the house to one side. Would it make sense to divide the lot? Elizabeth P.
Monty's Answer: Hello Elizabeth, and thanks for your question. The initial reaction is that it is not a good idea. However, there may be local knowledge driving the consideration for this project that cannot be assimilated from a distance. Here are some questions to research that can help determine if it makes sense.
History is important
Why was the subdivision platted in the current fashion? What percentage of the lots are one acre? Most often in subdivisions the lots are a similar size, so by discovering why it platted in this fashion originally, you may come to the same conclusion as the original developer. As an example, if the originally plat was to avoid some natural barrier such as near-surface bedrock or an underground slew, it may be a reason to abandon the idea. A quick title search for deed restrictions or covenants may reveal restrictions included to prevent such a change.
Consider all the costs
While the belief is it will cost $75,000 to move the house a very short distance, how do you know? While it is an indicator, one estimate from a local house mover does not mean it will cost $75,000. With an expense of this magnitude for a fairly uncommon occurrence, it pays to seek estimates from other house moving companies. Different companies may have different methods and tactics for a job such as this, and the cost gap between bidders could be significant. What does the $75,000 include?
Here are some other costs that may or may not have been included in your estimate. The cost to:
· survey the lot and gain the approval of the municipality.
· house your family during the physical move.
· store and then move your furniture next door (house movers will not move a house with belongs inside).
· install sewer, water and utilities next door.
· disconnect the old utilities to meet code.
· demolition and removal of the old foundation.
· build the new foundation.
· new landscaping.
· secure temporary housing while moving your home.
Know the value
Most importantly, know what the new vacant lot will be worth on the market, and what it will cost to sell. Larger cities with highly valued infill lots and many conveniences can be a competing choice over outlying communities with long drive times and fewer services. A local real estate agent with experience in new construction could be an excellent resource for market information and experience. This is a situation where multiple opinions will be fruitful.
What if it costs $50,000 to move the house next door and $25,000 for all the items listed above. If the move creates a lot worth $150,000, will it be enough money gained for the time and inconvenience invested? If $75,000 is the true cost to move the home and the newly created lot is worth $50,000, it will be a costly decision. Some homebuyers will shy away from an infill lot because the competing new subdivisions have every family in the neighborhood looking for new friends. They may believe it is easier to make new friends in a new subdivision than an established neighborhood.
Factors not easy to see
An item that may influence thinking about the project is if renovation work is being considered. For example, if a new kitchen or adding a lower level living space is the thought that sparked the idea, this may be a good time to coordinate the efforts. Exterior siding or new windows are other examples of a significant re-model.
One last caveat is the makeup of the neighborhood. Will a brand-new home fit in with the neighborhood on the newly created lot? If the homes on the block are turn-of-the-century behemoths, the new structure may not fit well. Architectural design and construction methods (and materials) have changed in the past 100 years. It is possible to reduce the market appeal of a home if it is inconsistent with the supporting cast, and in some instances, upset the neighbors.


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Download Google Camera for Samsung X490 and enjoy perfect camera quality with AI software support.
Google Camera has multiple versions for different Android smartphones as it works through ports. Some older devices don't work with the Google camera apps because they use different android versions. The main thing we need to remember is that there is no universal version of Google Camera that would work every phone.
But in this article I will explain everything you need to know about the best GCam version for Samsung X490 phone, where to get it, how to install it, and give you a complete overview of the app.
Including those things, we'll also let you know about the process of installing or loading the XML Config files to the Google Camera app and making your camera configurations like the professionals.
This will help smartly on the way to becoming the best in photography and understanding most of the in-app options such as hue, saturation, contrast, pro-res zoom, HDR+ Enhanced, etc. more clearly.
After having the best mixes that professionals use, you can still make your own changes and comprehend what each tool does by simply taking back an overview to the camera on every single change. Your journey starts now.
What is GCam APK or Google Camera?
In the whole world of android devices and their stock camera software, Google Camera is a revolutionary app loved by everyone among all others. We know that there are tremendous android smartphones and everyone has their UI, but Google Camera is developed majorly for the Google Pixel smartphones, which uses the pure stock AI as it is. It's a camera app with no flaw and the high processing power to process the most epic pictures.
In Reality, the hardest thing to know is that you cannot use the exact Google Camera app on your device because Now, it won't sound compatible in any way. If you are not using a Pixel device, the first requirement you would have is of the Google Camera Port.
Now, this one is the same Google Camera app, but a ported version created differently by unique developers to contain capability to work with the different android devices and brands.
Now, the problem is solved as even if you have a rooted android smartphone or an unrooted one, you can download Samsung GCam port versions called GCam APK and install them simplistically. But again a question arose, how many versions of GCam are actually there?
It's hard to answer because there are many different versions of it, and many developers are working on it every day. But if you're looking for one for the GCam For Samsung X490, we got the best reference for you.
GCam APK vs. Stock Camera of Samsung X490
The Samsung X490 Stock camera and Google Camera have similar features and differences, so the table would be much bigger than the one in this article.
Differences are the reality that gives you a chance to get switched to a better interface with all the better features that you ought to use while capturing the sharp pictures. So, we have found a few important aspects and listed them all below one by one to help you choose the better one
❇ User Interface
It all comes down to the user interface, as those apps with no better user interface are damn complicated to be used for the beginners. Well, we're talking about both the stock camera apps, so there would be no single chance of having a complex user interface.
Both of them include an easy app interface with all those modes listed one by one and an option to customize them in the end. There would be a simpler look btw in the Google Camera for being a super stock camera.
❇ HDR Photography
HDR Photography features are an easy availability in the Google Cameras, where most stock cameras don't have it yet. Although, Samsungphones got an option to choose among HDR and HDR Advanced at a quite low processing and impact as compared to Google Camera.
GCam is known at its best for HDR photography, and it allows you to use among HDR, HDR+, and HDR+ Enhanced options to click the best pictures even while having low background lights.
❇ Camera Focusing
Camera Focusing sounds a little hard in the stock camera app of this SamsungSmartphone. You will be required to click every time on the screen at the time when you'll lose the focus to the space where you basically want it. On the other side, GCam has an autofocus lock feature that works just in a single click to lock that focus and no need for next struggles anymore.
❇ Camera Modes
There are these amazing camera modes available with the Google Camera app to use in the way, including Camera, Portrait, Slow motion, Recorder, Time-Lapse, Playground, Panorama, Photo Sphere, Astrophotography, etc. Whereas, Samsungstock camera also has most of these features, except for the Photo Sphere, Playground, and Astrophotography.
❇ Color Adjustments
You can play with the colors and lights inside this amazing version of stock camera, Google Camera, that's not possible in most of the stock camera apps. You won't believe it, but the Settings page of GCam contains more than 30 different camera settings you can apply one by one and customize the whole color part, including the BW balance, hue, saturation, etc. Elsewhere, Samsung X490's stock camera contains a few options, but not as many as the Google Camera.
❇ Camera Stability
Camera Stability would also be a part of the difference between both the camera apps, as the Google Camera presently includes the AI stability features.
It automatically captures the stabilized videos and even later you can stabilize it more by getting through the Google Camera's editing mode. Stock camera, on the other side, has almost no camera stability options, and it doesn't even stabilize the camera as per your desires when working as a video recorder.
That's Why Many people like the Google Camera for Samsung X490 because it comes with all of that cool software for free.
Best GCam Version for Samsung X490
There are three recommendations you will get from this site if you are using a Samsung X490 Smartphone and looking to install the Google Camera app on your smartphone. The best among all these 3 isn't that easy, as all of them are best in some things.
We had a talk about many developers making GCam ports for Samsung, and the exact thing is happening in here as we got three different developer creations listed one by one with features of each –
✔ GCam APK BSG Version
BSG is the well-known option, and it sounds as the best development for Google Camera, being a port, and similar time being compatible with most smartphone brands. You'll get everything we listed above in this version in a most convenient way for being compatible with most Android versions, including the newbies that you may have heard about; Android 12 and upcoming 13. So, this version would be perfect with frequent easy updates and new features.
✔ Greatness GCam Port
Those who want to go at the handy side of the camera, which means fast processing while capturing pictures and relatively less app crash ratio, Greatness GCam Port is the one they can believe in. Offering you tremendous configs, you can have enormous camera styles too with this Greatness Google Camera port, and it sounds like the best option for your Samsungphone.
✔ Arnova8G2 GCam Port
Arnova8G2 port is meant for all those photographers who know more deeply about the Android and its Camera tactics, as this version also contains some developer features. In simple words, you can make the changes as you want if you have good knowledge and also, in terms of updates, this version is quite fast and frequent among all. Most new features get developed first on this Arnova8G2 Camera Port.
Among all these recommendations, you may have found your favorite option as all the Google Camera ports contain the exact features, but with the extraordinary functionalities which are rare in each. After this, you can choose to go any side as per your beliefs, likes, and dislikes.
Google Camera is obviously a featured android stock camera app, as people won't like anything without unique and many privileges. Being a stock android camera, it offers you features of the modest camera apps, where you can take the configurations of different developers and install them suddenly to your phone.
There is more to know among the features, so let's get ahead and cover them all –
Pro Res Zoom
Standing for the resolution of the pictures you get in your phone's camera while zooming it and capturing, Google worked so long on this technology. We actually think that our phone's camera can't see far enough, but it can also be the incapability of our phone's camera software, stopping it to capturing pro resolution images while zooming. GCam offers you Pro Res Zoom feature, which, once being enabled, offers you the capability to capture up to 6x photos with full focus.
Instant Share technology works with the proper mixture of Google Photos app with the Google Camera. You'll feel gradually attracted to the app, as whenever you're going to open the photos directly from the side button of the camera shutter, it'll land you in Google Photos. It means that your photos are being saved on cloud (if you have enabled) and it's easy to share them with a click. There would be a share button, and you'll get all social media options after clicking on it.
Google Playground
Playground is for the play, and we didn't have any animation things or virtual reality options on any stock or third-party camera app before. But Google has been working with this feature for so long. First of all, the Pixel phones accessed AR Stickers mode long before Pixel 3 launched for the first time. Nowadays, we call it Google Playground, a camera space with many attachable AR stickers to mix augmented reality with the picture reality.
Easy to switch Configs
There are tremendous android users who're the best photographers and use Google Pixel smartphones for capturing pictures. You must have seen the immense camera configuration files they're providing on their social media so that you can also capture all such pictures super easily. Yeah, you can install and switch the configurations by simply downloading it. We'll have a detailed conversation about this after the features, so enjoy with the article.
Auto Focus mode
Are you still touching those spaces on your phone's camera for focusing on a part of the photo being captured by stock cameras? Meet the Auto Focus mode that automatically focuses on each proper space to make the Portraits and even basic Photos look ultimately focused to a spot. It locks the focus somewhere so that you don't need to click all the times on a space for keeping the background blur or unfocused. Try it now!
Motion Photo
Motion Photo is one of the advanced technologies of futuristic cameras. Even the GoPro has a feature to capture the motion photos by enabling a few feature options on there. First, if you are new to it, it's basically designed to create a picture of you in motion so that you will not have regret for having the best picture with eyes closed or blemishes. The picture you'll have would be in the motion for up to 1 second to choose the best part and keep it.
Video Stability
It's so hard to provide any stability to our android smartphone's camera setups as most of us do the rash photography, as per the requirement of the moment. We move and shake the camera in between recording the best videos, and that's where things go south. Uploading such a video on social media doesn't sound right to us, and then we start finding third-party apps which can stabilize it. GCam APK personally provides this feature, and you can unlock it by downloading the app below.
Photo Sphere
Photo Sphere is for capturing the whole universe until where you can see in a camera. If you know Panorama mode, it basically captures the entire horizontal surface on your Samsungphone's camera, but there is Camera for vertical, right? Photo Sphere works on all sides and after being a little stable with the camera, you can take pictures of what's east, west, north, or south of you. This makes an image like a sphere ball that you can move with your fingers to see what's there.
GCam: What's working?
- HDR+ Enhanced
- Portrait Mode
- Night Sight
- Astrophotography Mode
- And More (Likely Everything)
Steps to Load/Import XML Config Files on Samsung X490?
Configuration files would sound new to you as until today, we only have used the camera apps which contain almost no configuration features as Google Camera has. Basically, there are more than 30 different features containing HSL and BW balance to be settled before taking the perfect pictures through this app.
We already told you that it's the professional camera application that serves better for the pro photographers. Default camera settings would be all great, and you will find it super exceptional while capturing those moments, but if you want to capture photos like some professionals doing that on Instagram, there is a need for a Config file.
We know the best config files and adding one down below, with the process of loading it to Google Camera app. So, that in the future, if you're going to like any such config, you can also load and import all those features in a moment
Download Config XML
After downloading one from the above link, it'd be an XML file, as it works damn properly with the camera app to have all the feature options and their settings ranged one by one on a sheet. Now you need to import this config library to the GCam folder, and you can make that with below few steps –
1. After installing the Google Camera port on Samsung X490, launch it.
2. Open the Camera Settings by clicking that setting panel icon.
3. Find the Configs option if you get it there and open it.
4. Under the Save section, you'll find out where GCam saves all its Config files.
By default, it'll be GCam<Configs(x). (Here, this x is the version of Google Camera, as an example, the GCam 8 version will have a folder named Configs8 under the GCam folder.)
5. If we don't have the folder, we'll create one in the local storage folder named GCam.
6. Open the Downloads folder where you downloaded the config file from above or any of your favorite creators.
7. Copy this config.xml file to the GCam folder that we created most recently.
8. Reboot the Google Camera app on Samsung X490 and double-click on a blank black space around the shutter button.
9. You will now see a config file listed that we had downloaded so recently on our device.
10. After choosing that config file, the app will get rebooted once for getting all those settings and options installed automatically.
Later, after the app is restarted, you'll see the camera's colors and lighting overview get exactly changed as we have installed the new configurations in just a single installation.
Download Google Camera Port for Samsung X490
All the recommendations we marked above for being the best ports of GCam APK for Samsung X490, are now needed to be chosen among and downloaded to your device.
The simple trick you need to know is that downloading and installing would be manual and convenient if you'll process the technique carefully. Finish the process slowly for a long time and then use the best settings in these GCam ports to enjoy using the camera.
We're listing below those 3 recommendations, with the download links for each of them down below. If you're finding any trouble in downloading these GCam Port for Samsung X490, you can take the help of the downloading process, as that's also being listed down below.
✔ File Name | GCam APK |
✔ Latest Version | 9.2 |
🔰 Note: Before you get started with this Google camera app, the Camera2API must be enabled; if not, check this guide.
It's easy to download the advanced app package without bugs and viruses by clicking once. We're testing it on many different android phones.
Choose one as per your usage, and in short overview, we'll mark BSG port as the most well-known Google Camera port being working with a long trust.
The next Arnova8G2 Port is the favorite of those who want developer access to their phone's camera and do some tweaks that be deeply known by them.
The last Greatness GCam Port is the convenience guru and the low crash rate port suggested for Samsung X490 smartphones.
If you're facing any problems while downloading the APK file, you can follow the below procedure step-by-step for downloading any of them –
- Click the respected link for the GCam port for Samsung X490 that you loved and require among those three.
- You'll soon be there on the download page for the GCam APK version.
- The download page will contain a Download button (link) that you need to click right now.
- If you see a screenshot like below, you may have to provide the permission to your browser app for accessing Internal Storage.
- Allow and enable that toggle to allow access and get back to the browser tab.
- You'll now find a Download button with an option to rename the app. It's better not to rename it and download the app instantly.
Wait for the app package file to get downloaded on your smartphone, and soon you will get pinged by the chrome notification or whichever browser you have used about your app already being downloaded.
We'll wait for you on the next part, which is installation of this app on your Samsung X490 with manual process.
How to install Google Camera APK on Samsung X490?
No matter if you got a Samsung X490 smartphone or any other, the process of installing Google Camera APK would be absolutely the same. But as of now, we're showing you how to install GCam on Samsung X490 device perfectly. We've tried it more than 10 times with great success.
All you need to follow a few steps as listed below, and you will soon have access to the revolutionary camera software, Google Camera –
1. Open the Settings app and get to the Security or Privacy section on your Samsung X490 smartphone.
2. Find an option named Unknown Sources in the list of Security or Privacy Settings.
3. Enable the toggle for enabling the installation through unknown resources.
(If it's asking to enable this function particularly for an app, enable it for the File Manager app on your phone.)
4. Now, launch the File Manager app on your phone from the app drawer.
5. Search for the recently downloaded Google Camera port, whichever you downloaded from the above three different versions.
6. Click that particular camera app icon, and you'll glimpse the prompt notification tab for installation.
7. Click the install button and wait until the app gets installed properly.
After a slight wait, you will find two options on the screen, including Open and Done. Hit the Open tab and the Google Camera app will launch on your smartphone in the first eye blink.
You can now access the camera's menus and use GCam's biggest features on the Samsung X490.
♥ If you're finding crashes in any of these versions, you can try clearing cache and data before using the app, as that helps most of the time.
Is it safe to install GCam Port on Samsung X490?
GCam Ports are safe to install on any android smartphone, but only if you're downloading them from a trusted source and a respected version. We provide you all the three most trusted ports of Google Camera For Samsung X490, and they are all taken from the developer sources directly. So, you can trust us for your phone being outstandingly safe after installing a port from here.
The GCam Port is crashing on Samsung X490 phone.
Crashing mostly happens if you've installed a non-compatible GCam Port on Samsung X490. You can try any of the 3 compatible versions by downloading them from our website and installing manually.
Is it worth it to use Config XML files with Google Camera?
There is no word for the config files, so worth is still a small word in front of the rule. Suppose a simple step to be followed and all the best settings of the camera would get managed directly on your phone's GCam. That's how we can try many ways of making pictures and finally make our own unique style with the best photos.
Why Google Camera isn't available on Google Play Store?
Google Camera is one of the restricted applications only for the Google Pixel Smartphones and except for those users, no one can download it from Play Store. you can get a Google Camera port compatible with your smartphone right here. Download latest version of GCam today from our website and use it on any of your non-Pixel phones.
After you add the XML files to the camera, Google Camera For Samsung X490 will make your photo-loving life even better. We had tried using the hyper settings of more than 4 different Pixel smartphones on your Samsung X490 smartphone, which were respectively the Google Pixel 6a, Pixel 7, and Pixel 7 Pro.
All of them have a different configuration of the insider features, and you can enjoy the full overview without even buying any Pixel phone.
Now, anyone can follow the steps to download and install Google Camera on Samsung X490.
We hope this article has helped you understand how to install and use the Google Camera app on your Samsung X490. Give it a try and start capturing beautiful memories today!
🛡 For future GCam updates, make sure to bookmark our website [https://gcamport.io/]


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An inclusive congregation affiliated with the Conservative Movement.
Your Jewish Home for the Soul!
July 5, 2014
Date(s) - Saturday, July 05, 2014
10:00 am - 12:15 pm
Congregation Beth Mordecai
Traditional, egalitarian, and informative services will connect participants to our tradition while engaging them actively in the service. A formal sermon will be delivered at least once a month while other weeks will include ample opportunities for in-depth learning of the prayers and the Torah portion. We are open to all.
Kiddush lunch to follow


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The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) furnishes upon request, at no charge to the applicant, a Government headstone or marker for the unmarked grave of any deceased eligible veteran in any cemetery around the world, regardless of their date of death. For eligible veterans that died on or after Nov. 1, 1990, VA may also provide a headstone or marker for graves that are already marked with a private headstone or marker. When the grave is already marked, applicants will have the option to apply for either a traditional headstone or marker, or a new device (available spring 2009).
Flat markers in granite, marble, and bronze and upright headstones in granite and marble are available. The style chosen must be consistent with existing monuments at the place of burial. Niche markers are also available to mark columbaria used for inurnment of cremated remains.
When burial or memorialization is in a national cemetery, state veterans' cemetery, or military post/base cemetery, a headstone or marker will be ordered by the cemetery officials based on inscription information provided by the next of kin or authorized representative.
Spouses and dependents are not eligible for a Government-furnished headstone or marker unless they are buried in a national cemetery, state veteran's cemetery, or military post/base cemetery.
Note: There is no charge for the headstone or marker itself, however arrangements for placing it in a private cemetery are the applicant's responsibility and all setting fees are at private expense.
Important Notice - New Law Concerning Eligibility for Headstones and Markers
A United States flag is provided, at no cost, to drape the casket or accompany the urn of a deceased veteran who served honorably in the U. S. Armed Forces. It is furnished to honor the memory of a veteran's military service to his or her country. VA will furnish a burial flag for memorialization for:
Who Is Eligible to Receive the Burial Flag?
Generally, the flag is given to the next-of-kin, as a keepsake, after its use during the funeral service. When there is no next-of-kin, VA will furnish the flag to a friend making request for it. For those VA national cemeteries with an Avenue of Flags, families of veterans buried in these national cemeteries may donate the burial flags of their loved ones to be flown on patriotic holidays.
How Can You Apply?
You may apply for the flag by completing VA Form 27-2008, Application for United States Flag for Burial Purposes. You may get a flag at any VA regional office or U.S. Post Office. Generally, the funeral director will help you obtain the flag.
Can a Burial Flag Be Replaced?
The law allows us to issue one flag for a veteran's funeral. We cannot replace it if it is lost, destroyed, or stolen. However, some veterans' organizations or other community groups may be able to help you get another flag.
How Should the Burial Flag Be Displayed?
The proper way to display the flag depends upon whether the casket is open or closed. VA Form 27-2008 provides the correct method for displaying and folding the flag. The burial flag is not suitable for outside display because of its size and fabric. It is made of cotton and can easily be damaged by weather.
For More Information Call Toll-Free at 1-800-827-1000


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Fine Eclectic Star Stud
- Low stock - 2 items left
- 14k solid gold
- Cubic zirconia stones
- Stud diameter: 6mm
- Twist/screw on ball backing
- Sold as a single earring
- Our solid gold pieces are sweat proof, waterproof, and tarnish proof!
Wrap a piece of string around the base of your finger and record the measurement in millimeters. Use the chart below to find your size given the closest measurement.
Common ring sizes for women are 6 (16.5 mm) and 7 (17.3 mm).
Size | Diameter | Circumference |
4 | 14.99 mm | 47 mm |
4.5 | 15.25 mm | 48 mm |
5 | 15.7 mm | 49.3 mm |
5.5 | 16.1 mm | 50.6 mm |
6 | 16.5 mm | 51.9 mm |
6.5 | 16.92 mm | 53.1 mm |
7 | 17.32 mm | 54.4 mm |
7.5 | 17.73 mm | 55.7 mm |
8 | 18.14 mm | 57 mm |
8.5 | 18.54 mm | 58.3 mm |
9 | 18.95 mm | 59.6 mm |
9.5 | 19.35 mm | 60.8 mm |
Chain Length | Fit |
12" - 14" | Fits just above collar bone |
16" - 18" | Fits at collar bone |
19" | Fits in middle of chest |
26" | Fits at cleavage |
34" | Fits below cleavage |
Your order is processed and shipped from our Los Angeles HQ. Orders are processed within 2 business days of purchase, but may be subject to delays during sale periods and new drops.
USPS standard shipping takes approximately 3-5 business days for domestic deliveries. Standard international shipping takes approximately 7-21 business days. There are options available for expedited shipping at checkout.
Girls Crew offers free standard domestic shipping on orders $100+ and free standard international shipping on orders $150+.
All shipping costs are non-refundable.
For international orders, a valid phone number and email address is required. Failure to provide this information may result in a delay or non-delivery of your order. Please ensure that you provide this information accurately during the checkout process to avoid any issues.
We are not responsible for customs fees or import taxes. If a package is refused for any reason, the customer is responsible for reaching out to us and attempting to have it delivered again. We will not refund a customer if their order is refused.
UPS does not delivery to PO boxes. In the case that an order is placed via UPS and the delivery address is a PO box, the order will be shipped with the closest USPS option. No refunds or adjustments on shipping will be provided.
If billing and shipping addresses are provided in a language other than English, your order will be subject to a delay or cancellation.
For any further questions please email: email@example.com
Please note all delivery times are estimates provided by the shipping courier and cannot be guaranteed. All orders shipping outside of the United States may be subject to courier and/or customs delays.
Girls Crew offers FREE returns for store credit (no return shipping or handling fees) for all domestic purchases on all products with the exception of "sale" items that are final sale. Your return must be initiated within 30 days of your delivery date. All return packages must use our pre-paid return shipping label. Your original shipping charges will be excluded from any store credit that is issued. Unfortunately, we are unable to offer refunds at this time. All returns will be processed as store credit.
Return Requirements
- Return is initiated by the customer within 30 days of delivery date.
- The item(s) is received unworn, unaltered, and undamaged in their original packaging.
- The item(s) is mailed back within 14 days of return authorization
All returns require authorization. To start your return click HERE
All gift cards, mystery items, sample sale items, and sale items are final sale.
All bundle deals can be returned for store credit only. No exchanges can be made.
We are unable to process any returns purchased from any of our stockists.
Girls Crew offers international returns for store credit. Return shipping is not covered for international orders. Your return must be initiated within 60 days of your delivery date. Your original shipping charges will be excluded from any store credit that is issued. Unfortunately, we are unable to offer refunds at this time. All returns will be processed as store credit.
Girls Crew does not offer direct exchanges. At this time we are unable to provide prepaid shipping labels for all international orders. Shipping and handling costs are non-refundable.
There is a warranty within 60 days of your delivery date for damaged items for domestic orders. After 60 days, there is a small repair fee. Warranty does not apply to sale items. To request a warranty repair or for more info, please email email@example.com with your order number and supplemental photos.
Unfortunately, if the item is sold out, there is nothing we can do. No exchanges for a different item or store credit will be allowed due to the item having been worn and cannot be repaired or resold.
If a package is lost or damaged in transit and is insured by Route, please file a claim within 10 days of the last shipping update. It is the responsibility of the customer to request a claim via the Route claim website. After 10 days, the request will be denied.
You can find the Route claim website here.
If your package is lost or damaged in transit and Route insurance was not purchased, it is the responsibility of the customer to request a claim via USPS or with the shipping courier service that was used.
We are not responsible for lost, damaged, or stolen packages that are not insured by Route.
With the proper care, your Girls Crew jewelry can last a long time.
Sterling Silver Care: Sterling silver jewelry can be passed down from generation to generation with the right care. We encourage you to wear your silver everyday! Silver that is used regularly needs less care. In rare cases, silver can tarnish when it is exposed to salt, air, and products containing sulfur. But no need to worry, we offer cleaning services!
Gold Filled / Gold/Rose Gold Vermeil / Gold/Rose Gold/Rhodium Plated: We encourage you to remove your jewelry before showering, exercising and swimming. Gold Filled, Vermeil & Plated jewelry can tarnish when in contact with perfumes, lotions or hair products. Please avoid harsh chemicals such as bleach, oil, jewelry cleaners, or polishing cloths, this can affect the finishing. To help keep your jewelry looking beautiful, store it in a Girls Crew dust bag, sealed plastic bag or dry cloth bag.
Piercing Style Earrings - Surgical Steel with Gold Plated over Brass Pendant: These earrings have a surgical steel post and ball backing making it perfect for those with mild skin sensitivity. Please note that the pendant is 18k gold, 18k rose gold, or rhodium plated over brass and can cause slight irritation for those with moderate or very sensitive skin. Please remove before showering, swimming, working out, etc. Read the recommendations above for plated jewelry for more info.
Solid Gold: Solid gold (10k, 14k gold) is a precious metal that will not oxidize or discolor since it is the least reactive metal. The 14k alloy gives our pieces their beautiful, subtle hue. It is also an active lifestyle's best friend; it scratches less and doesn't bend or wear out as easily as 18k.
- Even something as strong as 14k solid gold deserves some loving. To maintain its beauty, scrub lightly with a toothbrush and warm water.


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This article must adhere to the biographies of living persons (BLP) policy, even if it is not a biography, because it contains material about living persons. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libellous. If such material is repeatedly inserted, or if you have other concerns, please report the issue to this noticeboard.If you are a subject of this article, or acting on behalf of one, and you need help, please see this help page. |
Dokumentasyon sa padron [gumawa]


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Music: Amanda Palmer's chaos theory
It would be wrong to say you never know what you're going to get when you go to an Amanda Palmer concert. Truth is that you're gonna get all kinds of things. You'll just never know when they'll come your way or how hard they'll hit you.
The Boston-based singer-composer-multi-instrumentalist and her current band the Grand Theft Orchestra is playing the Paradise in Boston on Nov. 15-17, where the set lists will include songs from the new album "Theatre Is Evil," nuggets from Palmer's days as half of the Dresden Dolls, and a wide range of possibilities concerning cover tunes.
One of the joys of a Palmer show is that she's all over the place. A visit to YouTube will reveal the breadth of her material and the range of her approach to it. She's fearless (and very naked ) in the video for the poppy "Want It Back"; she's raucous and unhinged in "Girl Anachronism"; she's more than credible at the piano with the Boston Pops for a partial performance of Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto no. 1; she goes for bawdy cabaret style in "Missed Me."
Yet she'll tell you it all comes naturally.
"I'm only comfortable when I'm running around like a mad woman, putting a different hat on every five minutes," said Palmer by phone from a tour stop in Prague, Czech Republic.
"I am most comfortable at top chaotic circus speed," she added, referring to her Symphony Hall antics. "I probably could have taken my opportunity at the Pops and say let's just do the Frank Sinatra songbook, but I think it would've felt out of character and boring."
Palmer has likely never been boring, though it did take her a while to break out of a self-imposed shell when she was growing up in Lexington, Mass., and even into her college years.
"In high school I was doing tons of songwriting and a lot of music listening," she said. "But I wasn't quite ready - or the opportunity didn't present itself - to actually be in a band. I was doing a lot of incubating, alone in my bedroom, working on my keyboard and my four- track, and writing songs on the piano. But I didn't share it very much."
When she finally did come out of her room during college, there were small solo shows at art galleries and lofts, where she did original songs, accompanying herself on piano. But she soon started getting ideas about putting together a band, coincidentally around the same time that she met Brian Viglione, who would eventually drum with her in the Dresden Dolls.
"I was playing my timid little piano shows in and around Boston," said Palmer. "I was playing at the Cloud Club a lot, and that's where Brian first saw me play. He approached me and said 'I'm a drummer, we need to do something together.' And I said, 'Funny you should say that, I'm looking to put a band together.' That was the birth of the Dresden Dolls. We started playing locally, and in the first few years we pretty much had a gig in Boston every month, sometimes every week."
That was in 2000. The duo played all over New England, thinking nothing of jumping into Palmer's car every other weekend for a gig in New York or Maine. When they won the WBCN Rumble in 2003, things started to blur. They signed to a record label, they toured in Europe, they were asked to open for Nine Inch Nails.
But by 2008, despite building up a rabid fan base with their combination of theater and rock and punk and a bit of glam, it was time for them to go their separate ways, though there have been brief reunions.
Now Palmer, with her three-piece Grand Theft Orchestra, is doing three nights at the Paradise, where she intends to give it everything she's got, including some variety.
"I think the shows will be similar, but all a little bit different," she said. "For two reasons: The band doesn't want to get bored, and because there are a handful of people out there who have bought tickets for all three shows, we want to make sure they get their money's worth with some different songs every night."
Yet when she finds some downtime Palmer has also been known to give back. In 2009, she visited her old stomping grounds, Lexington High School, to work with students on a musical production called "With the Needle that Sings in Her Heart."
"That was a question of returning directly back to my roots," she said, obviously happy to talk about it. "One of the most intense artistic educations I got was in the Lexington High School drama department, from Steven Bogart. He created an environment in which a lot of kids, including me, found their artistic voices, and really grew and flourished. Since graduating I kept in constant touch with him, and I would go back to help here and there with productions. But I wanted to do something more, something bigger. So we came up with the idea that I would help collaborate on creating a whole show from scratch. It was wonderful, but actually challenging for me. I figured that I would walk in to my old high school, the totally triumphant returning rock star. But these kids had no clue who I was, and I had to win their respect. That was almost traumatizing, given that I was kind of the alienated weirdo in high school, and all of a sudden I was back there, thinking, 'Oh, my God, I'm trying to win the approval of high school kids again, and I'm 34.' "
She laughed at that, then continued. "But this time my people skills had evolved, and by the end of that show I really felt connected with all the students. We had created something really powerful. I feel it's important to return to where you came from and to give back to the sources of energy that fed you. Whether it's paying homage to musicians who have influenced me or going back and working with my high school director, it all sort of feels like the same full circle mentality."
Some noise came through over the phone from her Prague dressing room, and suddenly Palmer was jolted back into her world of rock.
"We had a show last night in Berlin," she said, laughing. "Everything broke. My piano broke, and we had to get a spare. My guitarist's guitar broke, a girl in the front row got punched by someone who was moshing, and her nose broke. Everything broke. For the encore I grabbed my ukulele and ran to the back of the club and stood on the bar, and I did my Radiohead cover, 'Creep.' It was a great gig!"