text:
Strategies for Advancing Hidden Collections
This resource library has been prepared for gallery, library, archive, and museum (GLAM) workers engaged in collection processing projects. Compiled by experts from the GLAM communities, the library is arranged to support the content of the CLIR Strategies for Advancing Hidden Collections (SAHC) webinar series. A wide range of solutions and suggestions for a variety of collecting organizations appear below; inclusion of links on this page does not necessarily represent an endorsement of an organization or a product by CLIR or any individual connected with the SAHC project.
Project Coordinator
Joy M. Banks, Consultant
- Angela Kipp, Collection Manager, TECHNOSEUM and Administrator, Registrar Trek
- Rosemary Pleva Flynn, Principal Librarian, Library and Information Services Team Lead, Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC) at the University of North Dakota
- Sarah Leu, Project Archivist, Historical Society of Pennsylvania
- Beth Knazook, Library Juice Academy and Queen's University
- Jessica Bitely, Director of Preservation Services, Northeast Document Conservation Center (NEDCC)
- Yvonne Ng, Senior Archivist, WITNESS
- Ellen Ryan, Head of Special Collections and Archives and Assistant Professor, Idaho State University
Curriculum Committee
- Stephanie Gaub Antequino, Memorabilia Archivist, Planet Hollywood International
- Casey Davis, Project Manager, American Archive of Public Broadcasting
- Tamar Evangelista-Dougherty, Consultant
- Linda Hocking, Curator of Library and Archives, Litchfield Historical Society
- Daniel Johnson, Digital Preservation Librarian, University of Iowa
- Holly Mengel, Manuscripts Cataloging Librarian, University of Pennsylvania
- Matthew Peek, Military Collections Archivist, State Archives of North Carolina
- Kelly Revak, Processing Archivist, Library of Congress
Additions to this library are welcome. Readers may contribute to its development by creating an account, or by sending suggestions to Christa Williford at CLIR.
Where to begin: Basics of project planning for GLAM organizations
The resources in this section will help lay the foundation for successful project planning and management.
Additional information on the January 11, 2017 webinar as well as a link to the captioned webinar recording can be found on the CLIR Strategies for Advancing Hidden Collections landing page.
- Webinar recording with captions:
- PDF version of the speaker's slide presentation
- PDF version of the speaker's slide presentation with script
- PDF version of the webinar script
- Links to webinar chat:
- General webinar chat
- Chat 1, Key Elements of a Project
- Chat 2, Time to Catalog
- Chat 3, Project Management
Participants and viewers of the recording are encouraged to offer feedback through this evaluation. Completing the evaluation allows you to generate a certificate of completion for the webinar: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/L9CYDRQ.
Jump to: General | Selecting the best collection management system | Collection Prioritization & Assessment | Workflow | Project Management Tools
- CLIR 2010 Hidden Collections Symposium
- CLIR 2015 Hidden Collections Symposium & Unconference
- CLIR Hidden Collections Registry
- WebJunction Planning & Coordination Topic Page
- Connecting to Collections Care Resources
- OpenGLAM
Selecting the best collection management system
Note: Some of these resources may be dated but can still contain useful information. SEE ALSO Collection access: Describing, cataloging, and processing with the future in mind
For all institution types
- CarLibrary.org - Collection Management Systems - A detailed resource discussing all aspects of selecting a management system including a number of links to additional resources. The page also includes a link to a summary table of a wide range of CMS software systems.
For Museums
- Top 10 Mistakes to Avoid When Choosing a Museum Collections Management System - Tips on selecting the right museum CMS software from History Associates, Inc..
- Collections Management Software - A list with additional information on software systems designed specifically for the museum collection management environment from the Museum Association of New York.
- Museum Collections Management Systems: One Size Does NOT Fit All - Masters Thesis by Elana C. Carpinone, Seton Hall University, May 2010
- Collection management systems: Museums and the Web 2011 - A listing and explanation of collection management systems represented at the Museums and the Web 2011 event.
For Libraries
- The Small Libraries Manager's Handbook, edited by Alice Graves. Includes several chapters on system selection.
For Archives
- Archival Management Software - A report for the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR) by Lisa Spiro, January 2009
Collection Prioritization & Assessment
- PACSCL Survey Initiative - Includes information and resources from the Philadelphia Area Consortium of Special Collections Libraries (PACSCL) Consortial Survey Initiative project to assess backlogged archival collections.
- Preservation Self-Assessment Program (PSAP) - A free, online tool that helps collection managers prioritize efforts to improve conditions of collections developed by the University of Illinois, University Library through the IMLS
- Taking Stock and Making Hay: Archival Collections Assessment - A report from OCLC by Martha O'Hara Conway and Merrilee Proffitt, July 2011.
- Strategy and Priorities for Cataloging the National Woman's Party Collection - A report from the Sewall-Belmont House and Museum that can be used as a sample collection analysis tool
- Benchmarks in Collections Care - The resources page provides access to information on Benchmarks in Collection Care as well as the self assessment checklist to aid in establishing realistic colleciton goals. This is a resource provided by the Collections Trust.
- Survey Instrument for Audio & Moving Image Collections - A resource developed by the Columbia University Libraries to inventory and assess audio and moving image materials.
- AV Compass - A free online resource from the Bay Area Video Coalition to help organize, preserve, and access AV collections.
- Special Collections Materials Survey Instrument - A resource developed by the Columbia University Libraries to evaluate under-processed archival collections.
- Standards and Excellence Program (StEPs) - A self-study program developed by the American Association for State and Local History (AASLH) designed specifically for small to mid-sized organizations.
- American Alliance of Museums (AAM) Assessment Programs - A page describing the Continuum of Excellence to help move organizations towards better stewardship of their collections.
- IMLS Collections Assessment for Preservation Program (CAP) - A grant program through the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS). Deadline for applications vary.
- NDSA Levels of Digital Preservation - Includes explanations and uses for maintaining and preserving digital files in archival settings.
- Library Workflow Exchange - A space for libraries to share and find workflows and best practices across institutions.
- Workflows from the Documenting Modern Living project - Examples of workflows from the Documenting Modern Living: Digitizing the Miller House and Garden Collection Tumblr page
Project Management Tools
- Improve Your Collaboration: 18 Project Management Tools for Marketing Agencies - Not GLAM specific, but a resource by Jami Oetting on selecting a project management tool with some suggested software.
- 14 best free project management software programs 2016: Great project management software tools that don't cost a penny - By Matt Egan and posted on TechWorld, includes software and brief explanations of each.
- 21 Ways to Excel at Project Management - A detailed step by step tool from ProjectSmart for successful project management from beginning to end.
- Teaching Librarians & Project Management: New Expectations for the Digital Age - An article by Caro Pinto in the Archives Journal Notes + Queries (Issue 3, Summer 2013) that addresses the changing nature of librarian training to include project management.
Building resources and relationships: Determining what and who you need
The resources in this section will help guide project managers through the process of estimating project costs, communicating costs with others, and building relationships for support.
Additional information on the January 18, 2017 webinar as well as a link to the captioned webinar recording can be found on the CLIR Strategies for Advancing Hidden Collections landing page.
- Webinar recording with captions:
- PDF version of the speaker's slide presentation
- PDF version of the speaker's slide presentation with script
- PDF version of the webinar script
- Links to webinar chat:
- Chat 1, Justifying the Existence of GLAMS
- Chat 2, What would you do differently?
- Chat 3, Not-Your-Usual Funding Sources
Participants and viewers of the recording are encouraged to offer feedback through this evaluation. Completing the evaluation allows you to generate a certificate of completion for the webinar: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/LC5M3B5
Jump to: General | Buy-in from Board of Directors, Community, Volunteers | Calculating processing time, staff time, and estimating supply costs | Communicating to people who need to approve the project | Funding Sources and Grant Writing
- WebJunction Budgets & Funding Resource Page - Resources, webinars, and other information on budget planning and development for libraries that can be applied to all GLAM organizations.
- Connecting to Collections Care Resources Page - For more information on budgets and increasing collection support, select the Increasing Support for Collections Care from the list.
- MAP Resources for Fund Development - Resources from the MAP for Nonprofits, serving nonprofits through provision of consulting and training.
- Free Management Library All About Nonprofit Fundraising Resources - A extensive listing of resources for nonprofits from the Free Management Library, a service of Authenticity Consulting, LLC.
- Nonprofit Sustainability: Making Strategic Decisions for Financial Viability - 2010 book by Jeanne Bell, Jan Masaoka, and Steve Zimmerman.
- 2011 Review in the Stanford Social Innovation Review by Jim Schorr
- The Sustainability Mindset - A 2014 companion book by Jeanne Bell and Steve Zimmerman that offers a step-by-step guide and templates for moving nonprofits toward a sustainable model.
Buy-in from Board of Directors, Community, Volunteers
- Community Involvement in Museums, Archives and Libraries: Toolkit for improving practice - A pdf resource developed by COGS (Communities and Organizations - Growth and Support) for Yorkshire Museums Council, 2002. The toolkit includes a number of practical resources and guides for strengthening community involvement.
Calculating processing time, staff time, and estimating supply costs
- Computing the Total Cost of Archival Processing - A technical leaflet by Thomas Wilsted produced by the Mid-Atlantic Regional Archives Conference (MARAC), 1989.
- George Washington University Digitization Cost Calculator - (unavailable)
- Digitization Cost Calculator - A project of the Digital Library Federation Assessment Interest Group's working group on Cost Assessment that uses community supplied data to help users estimate costs for digitization projects.
- Cost Finding Exercise - Word Document Download. An exercise by Elizabeth Rose completed during her masters work at Southern Connecticut State University. The exercise considers the direct and indirect costs of processing an archival collection and includes references for additional information.
- Beneficial Shocks: The Place of Processing-Cost Analysis in Archival Administration - Research article by Paul Ericksen and Robert Shuster from American Archivist, Winter 1995. Includes discussion of both theoretical analysis and practical application.
- Rates of Processing Manuscripts and Arhives - PDF download. An article by Karen Temple Lynch and Thomas E. Lynch from The Midwestern Archivist, p. 25-35, Vol. VII, No. 1, 1982 available through JSTOR. Provides an analysis of processing rates from various grant proposals and considers how variable levels of processing affect cost.
- Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library (Yale University) Processing Estimates - A guidelines developed in 2015 to consider the cost to process, arrange, and describe collections of personal papers.
- The Cost of Processing - A blog post from 2010 by Emily Walters from North Carolina State University Libraries reflecting on estimating costs for their Changing the Landscape: Exposing the Legacy of Modernist Architects and Landscape Architects multi-year project.
- Costs of Cataloging - A chapter by Felix Reichmann in Library Trends 2 (1953) providing historical context for cataloging cost analysis.
- Cost Analysis of an Automated and Manual Cataloging and Book Processing System - An article by Joselyn Druschel from the Journal of Library Automation (Vol. 14, no. 1, March 1981). Showing the historical argument for automating cataloging and processing to reduce cost.
- Assessing the Cost and Value of Bibliographic Control - An article by Erin Stalbert and Christopher Cronin from Library Resources & Technical Services (Vol. 55, No. 3, 2011) published by the Association for Library Collections & Technical Services (ALCTS). Provides a detailed discussion of the past and present issues with estimating cataloging costs.
- Improving Library Management by Using Cost Analysis Tools: A Case Study for Cataloguing Processes - Article by Lorena Siguenza-Guzman, Alexandra Van den Abbeele, and Dirk Cattrysse from LIBER Quarterly, the Journal of the Association of European Research Libraries. This was originally presented at the LIBER conference in 2013 and discusses the application of TDABC (Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing) procedures in libraries.
- RBMS Page on Cataloging - Includes thoughts and definitions on cataloging from the Rare Books and Manuscripts Section (RBMS) of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL. A discussion of cataloging metrics is included as well as a resource list.
Communicating to people who need to approve the project
- 8 Best Practices for Stakeholder Engagement - An article by John Parker from Enfocus Solutions (2012). Offers practical suggestions to engage and communicate with project stakeholders.
- Active Stakeholder Participation: An Agile Best Practice - A detailed discussion of stakeholder engagement from Agile Modeling including definitions and useful charts.
- Programming on a Shoestring Budget - Video presentation from David Mixdorf from South Sioux City Public Library (NE) presented in February 2013 for the Big Talk from Small Libraries online conference.
- Template for Strategic Communications Plan - Practical template developed for use by the W.K. Kellogg Foundation including worksheets to develop a new plan.
- Defining and Formalizing a Procedure for Archiving the Digital Version of the Schedule of Classes at the University of Michigan - A 2008 case study from the Society of American Archivists (SAA) by Nancy Deromedi describing the process of forming an agreement between the university archive and registrar's office to continue the preservation of the schedule of classes after it moved to digital only.
Funding Sources and Grant Writing
- Grant Opportunities - A listing of available grants compiled by Past Perfect Museum Software.
- Library Grants blog - A blog maintained by Stephanie Gerding and Pam MacKellar, authors of Winning Grants: A How-To-Do-It Manual for Librarians with Multimedia Tutorials and Grant Development Tools. Updated regularly with available opportunities.
- IMLS Museums for America grant - A grant program from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) with the goal to "strengthen the ability of an individual museum to serve its public."
- NEH Preservation Assistance Grants (PAG) - These PAG funds help small and mid-sized institutions improve their ability to preserve and care for significant historical collections.
- Creating Humanities Communities - A grant program from the NEH to help stimulate and proliferate meaningful humanities activities in underserved areas of the United States and territories. Limited geographic regions qualify.
- Connecting to Collections Care Funding for Collections Care - A webinar recorded November 2010 presented by Debra Hess Norris and Lee Price. The webinar page also includes related books for additional resources.
- Connecting to Collections Care Fundraising for Collections Care - A webinar series recorded in 2013 with sessions on Fundamentals, Finding Support, Cultivating Donors and Members, Writing Proposals, and Creative Fundraising. The series page includes additional links to resources, slides, and sample documents.
- Funding & Fundraising for Small Libraries - An on-demand downloadable webinar from the LibraryJournal series Best Practices from America's Best Small Libraries. Presented in 2015 by Mary Beth Stenger and Cheryl Clay (registration required). A review of the webinar is available from Didi Yunginger.
- Ten points to increase your grant writing success - A one page technical bulletin by Cecil Carter from the Oklahoma Museums Association (January 2008).
Making the most of people: Recruitment, retention, and recognition
The resources in this section consider how volunteers, interns, and staff fit into the project picture.
Additional information on the January 25, 2017 webinar as well as a link to the captioned webinar recording can be found on the CLIR Strategies for Advancing Hidden Collections landing page.
- Webinar recording with captions:
- PDF version of the speaker's slide presentation
- PDF version of the speaker's slide presentation with script
- PDF version of the webinar script
- Links to webinar chat:
Participants and viewers of the recording are encouraged to offer feedback through this evaluation. Completing the evaluation allows you to generate a certificate of completion for the webinar: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/JRXMV3F
Jump to: Teens and Student Workers | Volunteers and Staff | Celebrating Success | Ethics of Hiring
Teens and Student Workers
- No Budget? No Time? No Problem! - Blog post from the Ohio Library Council by RoseMary Honnold discussing how community teens can be engaged in the work of collections.
- To the Big Stage on a Small Budget: From Special Collections to Archive 2.0 - A presentation by Julie Pinnell for the 2016 Big Talk From Small Libraries online conference discussing the use of Doane College students to process the college archive.
- Archival Internships: Creating Real World Learning Beyond the Classroom - An article from the College & University Libraries Section (CULS) of the Kansas Library Association by Lorraine Madway (CULS Proceedings, Vol. 1, 2011, no. 1). Presents findings from the internship program at Wichita State University Libraries and offers practical advice for establishing an internship program.
- Undergraduate Library Internships and Professional Success - A downloadable pdf poster by staff at Gettysburg College reporting on the impact undergraduate library internships had on the development of student career goals.
- Training Future Librarians and Enhancing Digital and Print Collections: M-LEAD II Comes to a Successful End - A 2015 report by Kim Loconto on the IMLS funded Museum Library Education and Digitization [M-LEAD] grant which allowed interns to gain a wide range of experiences with practical, hands-on projects.
- Creating a Successful (and Legal) Internship Program - A 2015 article from Business News Daily by Nicole Fallon Taylor. A basic overview for creating an internship program that will be beneficial to the intern, productive for the organization, and meet current employment laws.
- Best Practices for Internships as Components of Graduate Archival Education - A downloadable best practices guide from the Society of American Archivists (SAA).
Volunteers and Staff
- Connecting to Collections Care Staff and Volunteer Management for Collections Care - Webinar 6 in the Collections Care Basics: Where Do I Begin? webinar series. Originally presented by Donia Conn in 2013. The webinar section contains links to the recording, PowerPoint presentation, and a number of additional readings and resources related to the topic.
- Creating a Comprehensive & Engaging Volunteer Training Program - A 2013 SlideShare presentation by Jennifer Bennett and Matt Wallace. Hosted by VolunteerMatch Learning Center.
- Resources for Volunteer Programs in Archives - A 2012 joint publication, available as a PDF, from the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Society of American Archivist (SAA) that provides descriptions of volunteer projects undertaken at various archives as well as a "Tools Shared by Archives" section with examples of volunteer questionnaires and applications, volunteer standards of conduct, volunteer handbook, and additional resources.
- Seeding Engagement and Cultivating Volunteers through Crowdsourcing - A Connecting to Collections Care webinar originally presented in July 2016 by Meghan Ferriter. Dr. Ferriter shares the crowdsourcing experience of the Smithsonian Transcription Center (TC) and how their experience can be adapted to other projects.
- Crowdsourcing Cultural Heritage: 'Citizen Archivists' for the future - A 2014 article by Jan Zastrow published in Computers in Libraries (Vol. 34, No. 8, October 2014).
- Leveraging Volunteers and Crowdsourcing for Digitisation - A February 2017 infographic that shares results of research conducted by MCN and Axiell involving over 100 Museums and Archives from around the world.
- Examples of Crowdsourcing volunteer projects:
- Business students raise funds for Haiti, learn value of 'blitz project' - A short 2010 article describing a blitz project by Oregon State University College of Business students.
- Yellowstone National Park Blitz projects
- Using a Team Approach to Expose Yellowstone's Hidden Collections (July 10, 2014), by Anne Foster
- Bringing Yellowstone Back Home: Using the Archives Blitz as a Framework for Other Institutions (October 7, 2014), by Anna Trammell
- Keys to a Blissful Blitz (March 12, 2015), by Kiley Hayes
- Human Resources Recorded Webinars - A series of webinars from the American Alliance of Museums (AAM) on a variety of topics related to staff and volunteers.
- American Association for Museum Volunteers (AAMV) - An association supporting the museum volunteer management community. Their website includes some resources freely available to non-members.
- Volunteer Page for the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History - Provides an example of a well-designed volunteer page including a link to the Yale Peabody volunteer application.
- Volunteer Code of Ethics and Professional Standards - A standard from the Alexandria Museum of Art that can be used as a model for other institutions.
- Involving the Public in Your Preservation Efforts - A Connecting to Collections Care webinar from 2013 showcasing work from a number of institutions in celebration of Preservation Week. The page contains links to referenced projects and resources.
- Best Practices for Volunteers in Archives - A downloadable resource by the Society of American Archivists (SAA).
- Building a successful museum volunteer services program - A technical bulletin by Robbin Davis produced by the Oklahoma Museums Association (July 2007).
- Top Challenges with Volunteer Engagement & Retention - A 2015 post by Lori Halley on the Wild Apricot Membership Academy blog that discusses challenges and solutions to some of the most frequent volunteer issues. Also includes links to a Wild Apricot webinar on volunteers and other resources.
- Converting Volunteers from Joiners to Stayers - A 2015 webinar presented by Tobi Johnson as part of the Wild Apricot Expert Webinar Series.
- Recruiting and Retaining Volunteers - A 2016 post by Kaitlin Throgmorton on the American Libraries blog.
- ALA Volunteers Wiki - A wiki page from the American Library Association (ALA) that compiles a number of different resources about volunteers in libraries.
- Managing Library Volunteers, Second Edition - A 2011 book by Preston Driggers and Eileen Dumas published by the American Library Association. Link goes to the book description in the ALA store.
- Library Volunteers Welcome! Strategies for Attracting, Retaining, and Making the Most of Willing Helpers - A 2016 book edited by Carol Smallwood and Lura Sanborn (McFarland & Company). Link goes to the book description on the McFarland website.
- Taproot+ - A connection service claiming to be "the best way for nonprofits to find pro bono help and for skilled volunteers to provide it."
- A Few Pointers on the Unpleasant Topic of Firing Volunteers - A post by Sarah Jane Rehnborg on the ServiceLeader.org website hosted by the University of Texas at Austin. Other volunteer resources can also be found on this page.
- When Helping Hands Hurt your Cause - A 2008 post by Fonda Kendrick on the VolunteerHub website.
- Dealing with Difficult Volunteers - A 2014 post by Krista Balbach on the VolunteerHub website. Includes a list of resources.
- The Break-Up: How to Say No to Volunteers - A post by Lincoln Arneal on the Nonprofit Hub.
Celebrating Success
- How to Celebrate Project Success with a Distributed Team - A resource compiled with input from a Virtual Facilitators Forum on LinkedIn to help build teams even when members are dispersed.
- How to Celebrate Success Throughout Your Projects - A 2008 blog post from Making Things Happen on developing an environment of ongoing celebration of success.
Ethics of Hiring
- SHRM Code of Ethical and Professional Standards in Human Resource Management - From the Society for Human Resources Management (SHRM), guidelines for ethical Human Resources management. Includes a comprehensive guide for developing your own organizational Code of Ethics.
- Why the Path to Good Ethics Starts in Human Resources - A 2013 blog post from Chris MacDonald on Company Culture.
- Guidelines for Academic Requestors - Guidelines specifically related to the ethical hiring of Turkers through Amazon Mechanical Turk for outsourced academic projects but could be applied more broadly.
- Volunteers and Museum Labor - A 2016 blog post by Elizabeth Merritt from the Center for the Future of Museums (An American Alliance of Museums Initiative) that considers the challenges of volunteers versus professional staff in museums.
Collection access: Describing, cataloging, and processing with the future in mind
The resources available in this section try to provide guidance on the sometimes complicated world of description and processing. We understand that while GLAM organizations have many things in common, processing is often handled differently depending on the field. As we learn to work together, we hope that exploring best practices from different areas will help us move towards greater interoperability in the future.
Additional information on the February 1, 2017 webinar as well as a link to the captioned webinar recording can be found on the CLIR Strategies for Advancing Hidden Collections landing page.
- Webinar recording with captions:
- PDF version of the speaker's slide presentation
- PDF version of the speaker's slide presentation with script
- PDF version of the webinar script
- Links to webinar chat:
- Chat 1, What is cataloging?
- Chat 2, Cataloging concerns
- Chat 3, Legacy Data & You
Participants and viewers of the recording are encouraged to offer feedback through this evaluation. Completing the evaluation allows you to generate a certificate of completion for the webinar: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/JT9PCKG
Jump to: Communities | General | Institutional Ethics | Cataloging and Metadata Standards | Data Management Tools | Collection Management Systems | Controlled Vocabularies and Thesauri | Tutorials and Online Learning
- AutoCat - A general cataloging listserv, primarily for libraries but open to everyone.
- OCLCCAT - An OCLC sponsored cataloging listserv open to everyone.
- Metadata Support Group - A Slack forum sponsored by the Digital Library Federation (DLF). Requires registration and a Slack account but not membership in DLF.
- SAA Lone Arrangers listserv - Hosted by the Society of American Archivists (SAA) and open to members and non-members.
- AASLH Nomenclature Community - A space for those using or interested in using the Nomenclature 4.0 resource from the American Association for State and Local History (AASLH).
- Connecting to Collections Care Forum - A space to ask questions about collections care and receive answers from peers and forum monitors. Requires registration for participation.
- Metadata for All: Descriptive Standards and Metadata Sharing Across Libraries, Archives, and Museums - An article from First Monday, a peer reviewed journal on the internet, by Mary W. Elings and Gunter Waibel (Vol. 12, No. 3, 5 March 2007).
- Metadata for Digital Collections: A How-to-Do-It Manual - A 2004 book by Steven J. Miller. Link goes to a Companion Website for the manual that includes resources, chapter supplements, and additional information.
- The art and science of descriptive metadata: Classifying your film archive for identification and discovery - A general overview, with examples, of metadata by Tim Knapp of PRO-TEK Vaults
- Linked Data for Libraries, Archives, and Museums - A book and website on getting the most from your metadata.
- Archival Management Software: A Report for the Council on Library and Information Resources - A pdf 2009 report for the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR) by Lisa Spiro
- AASLH Audio Recording: Building Digital Archives: Lessons Learned From Four Crowdsourced Online Projects - An audio download of the session from the 2014 Annual Meeting of the AASLH.
- Gallery Systems Free Collections Management Resources - A collection of free collections management resources compiled by GallerySystems.
- Collections Access and the use of technology in museums - A report by the Norfolk Museums and Archaeology Service, 2012.
- Collections Trust: Benchmarks in Collections Care - Self-Assessment checklist developed by Collections Trust to encourage thinking about collection care activity during the organizations planning cycle.
- Connecting to Collections Care Resources - An extensive collection of resources arranged by topic.
- Will They Populate the Boxes? Piloting a Low-Tech Method for Capturing Executive E-mail and a Workflow for preserving It at the University of Michigan - A 2013 case study by Aprille Cooke McKay published by the Society of American Archivists (SAA) that covers the process of engaging administration in the process of tagging new materials to add to the archive.
Institutional Ethics
SEE ALSO Ethics and Social Justice
- American Alliance of Museums (AAM) Code of Ethics for Museums
- American Library Association (ALA) Professional Ethics
- Society of American Archivists (SAA) Core Values Statement and Code of Ethics
- ALA-SAA Joint Statement on Access: Guidelines for Access to Original Research Materials
- Art Dealers Association of America (ADAA) Code of Ethics and Professional Practices
Cataloging and Metadata Standards
The resources listed below may require registration or subscription for access. While some are freely available online, others are fee-based.
Jump to: General | Description Standards | Encoding Standards
- Standards at the Library of Congress - A listing of all of the standards maintained by the Library of Congress
- Metadata Standards Crosswalk - A useful online spreadsheet from Getty that shows how a selection of well-used metadata standards may interact with each other.
- MARC to Dublin Core Crosswalk - A detailed resource from the Library of Congress to help manage the conversion of metadata from MARC to Dublin Core. A link to the Dublin Core to MARC Crosswalk is also available on the page.
- Standards and Standards Development: The Development of Digital Records Conversion Process (ANSI/ARMA 6-2007) - A 2008 Case Study from the Society of American Archivists (SAA) that addresses several critical questions about standards in archives.
- Understanding Metadata: What is Metadata, and What is it For?: A Primer - A 2017 update by Jenn Riley published by NISO Press. Link goes to a PDF version. Additional NISO press resources can be found here.
Description Standards
- RDA: Resource Description and Access - Cataloging standard that replaced AACR2 and RDA is based on the FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) and FRAD (Functional Requirements for Authority Data) concept models
- AACR2: Anglo-American Cataloging Rules - Standards to build catalogs in general libraries of all sizes. No longer being updated. Replaced by RDA. Still valid and used by some smaller organizations.
- Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS), Second Edition - An output-neutral set of rules for describing archives, personal papers, and manuscript collections that can be used with any encoding standard including MARC21, EAD, and EAC.
- Standards for Archival Description: A Handbook - 1994 Handbook of the Society of American Archivists (SAA) describing technical standards, conventions, and guidelines used by archivists to describe holdings and repositories.
- SNAC: Social Networks and Archival Context - A cooperative in development to create a more collaborative environment for discovering records related to historical persons.
- PREMIS: Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies - A data dictionary developed as the international standard for metadata to support the preservation of digital objects and ensure their long-term usability.
- PBCORE: Public Broadcasting Metadata Dictionary Project - An XML metadata schema designed for sound and moving images that is both a content and data standard.
- The Small Museums Cataguing Manual: A guide to cataloguing object and image collections - 4th edition of the guide (2009) published by Museums Australia (Victoria)
- NPS Museum Handbook, Part II: Museum Records - A publication of the National Parks Service, downloadable as a pdf file.
- The FIAF Moving Image Cataloguing Manual - Published by the International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF) Cataloguing and Documentation Commission. Available for free as a pdf download
- Cataloging Cultural Objects: A Guide to Describing Cultural Works and Their Images - A data content standard for the cultural heritage community sponsored by the Visual Resources Association Foundation (VRAF)
Encoding Standards
- MARC21 - Encoding standards to make bibliographic and related information machine-readable
- BIBFRAME: Bibliographic Framework Initiative - A new bibliographic encoding standard being developed by the Library of Congress to replace MARC21. The new model is designed to express and link bibliographic data.
- EAC-CPF: Encoded Archival Context - Corporate bodies, Persons, and Families - Extensible Markup Language (XML) Standard for encoding contextual information about persons, corporate bodies, and families. Maintained by the Society of American Archivists (SAA) in partnership with the Berlin State Library.
- EAD: Encoded Archival Description - Standard for encoding Finding Aids for interoperability in an online environment.
- DCMI: Dublin Core Metadata Initiative - A set of metadata vocabulary to use with the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and other Linked Data initiatives that follows Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH).
- MODS: Metadata Object Description Schema - An XML schema for a bibliographic element set that may be used for a vaiety of purposes, and particularly for library applications. Maintained by the Library of Congress.
- IIIF: International Image Interoperability Framework - An image encoding standard to unlock standard information on the web
- RDF: Resource Description Framework - A framework to describe any internet resource developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
- W3C Semantic Web RDF page
- RDF section on Ontologies and Semantic Web Tutorial
- Introducing Linked Data and the Semantic Web - Introducing RDF is section 2
- VRA Core - a data standard for the description of works of visual culture as well as the images that document them.
Data Management Tools
- BitCurator
- CPOTR: Community Owned Digital Preservation Tool Registry
- CWIS: Collection Workflow Integration System
- Data Wrangler
- ExifTool
- Fixity
- Library of Congress Bagger
- MarcEdit
- OntoMaton
- OntoWiki
- Open Refine
- Oxygen: XML Editor
Collection Management Systems
The below systems are not an endorsement of the product by CLIR, just suggestions to highlight the range of systems available. This is not a comprehensive list of all systems available. We tried to include low cost and/or open source system options when possible.
Jump to: How to choose | Gallery | Library | Archive | Museum | Online Exhibits
How to choose
SEE ALSO: 1.2 Selecting the Best Content Management System
- Selecting a Cloud-Based Museum Collections Management System - Five area to consider when selecting a system from History Associates, Inc.
- How Do We Select a Collections Management System? - An article from History Associates, Inc. on the process of system selection from contacting a vendor to data migration.
- Top 10 Mistakes to Avoid When Choosing a Museum Collections Management System - A downloadable report from History Associates, Inc. to highlight the most common mistakes they've seen when selecting a CMS. Can be applied to all GLAM organizations.
- How to Choose the Right ILS for Your Library - Chapter in The Small Library Manager's Handbook (book).
- Choosing the Right CMS - A downloadable guide from GallerySystems that provides 5 steps for the selection process as well as sample worksheets, checklists, and links to additional resources.
- Partnering with IT to Identify an Commercial tool for Capturing Archival E-mail of University Executives at the University of Michigan - A 2013 case study from the Society of American Archivists by Aprille Cooke McKay that discusses partnering with IT to issue an RFP for a new system.
- General recommendations for smaller institutions - From the Church & Synagogue Library Association
- Axiell Group
- CONTENTdm - For digital objects
- CuadraSTAR
- Inmagic
- Libib
- LibraryWorld
- Mandarin
- Readerware
- ResourceMate
- TinyCat
- Veridian
- Archivists' Toolkit- Available for download, but no longer being updated
- ArchivesSpace
- AtoM
- Axiell Group
- Collective Access
- CollectiveAccess Community - A collaborative, community space for those who use CollectiveAccess
- CONTENTdm - For digital objects
- CuadraSTAR
- MS Access Finding Aid Creator - offered by Bok Tower Gardens
- Proficio
- Veridian
- Airtable
- Axiell Group
- CollectionSpace
- Collective Access
- CollectiveAccess Community - A collaborative, community space for those who use CollectiveAccess
- Collector Systems
- CuadraSTAR
- eHive
- EmbARK
- Mukurtu - Designed with indigenous communities in mind
- PastPerfect
- Proficio
- The Museum System (TMS)
Online Exhibits
- eHive
- eMuseum
- Jekyll
- Mirador - For collections that support the International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF) API
- WordPress
Controlled Vocabularies and Thesauri
- The Getty Research Institute Vocabularies
- AASLH Nomenclature Committee
- Photographic Process Controlled Vocabulary
- Library of Congress Authorities
- LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies
- American Institute for Conservation Lexicon Terms
- International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
- Parks Canada Descriptive and Visual Dictionary of Objects
Tutorials and Online Learning
There are many options for online learning. The following list is a sampling of free or low cost options to enhance understanding of cataloging and processing techniques.
- Association for Library Collection & Technical Services (ALCTS) YouTube Channel, Cataloging topic
- Caring for Digital Materials: Preventing a Digital Dark Age - A Connecting to Collections Care Webinar Series
- Codecademy
- OCLC Tutorials
- OCLC Cataloging Skills Training Calendar - Includes some fee based training
- OCLC documentation, practices, and programs
- Basic Cataloging Resources from CARLI (Consortium of Academic Research Libraries in Illinois)
- Cataloging Course - A YouTube introduction to cataloging by LibTec203]
- 20+ Awesome Free Online Librarian Courses
- WebJunction Integrated Library Systems & Databases Topic
- FRBR and TMS: Applying a Conceptual Organizational Model for Cataloguing Photographic Archives
- SLC Cheat Sheets - A collection of cataloging cheat sheets for a wide range of material types mostly developed by Mac Elrod and hosted by Special Libraries Cataloging (SLC).
- DPLA Curriculum for Digitization - A self-guided, online learning experience developed by the Digital Public Library of America. The curriculum is intended for digitization beginners from a variety of cultural heritage institutions.
Overcoming project hurdles: Approaches to identifying and managing collection red flags
The resources included in this section are presented to help organizations deal with areas in collections that may present problems and give managers the confidence to move forward with processing.
Additional information on the February 8, 2017 webinar as well as a link to the captioned webinar recording can be found on the CLIR Strategies for Advancing Hidden Collections landing page.
- Webinar recording with captions:
- PDF version of the speaker's slide presentation
- PDF version of the speaker's slide presentation with script
- PDF version of the webinar script
- Scenarios discussed during the session
- Links to webinar chat:
- Chat 1, Swingate Public Library
- Chat 2, Dealing With the Past
- Chat 3, Collecting in the Now
- Chat 4, Access to Offensive Materials
- Chat 5, Community Archives Project
- Chat 6, Final Q&A
Participants and viewers of the recording are encouraged to offer feedback through this evaluation. Completing the evaluation allows you to generate a certificate of completion for the webinar: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/LC5M3B5
Jump to: Creating Policies for Collection Building | Rights, Copyright, and Legal Dilemmas | Ethics and Social Justice | Hazardous Materials | Culturally Sensitive and Tough Topic Collections | Sample Projects and Collections
Creating Policies for Collection Building
SEE ALSO Developing and Evaluating Institutional Documentation
- SAA A Guide to Deeds of Gift
- AASLH StEPS Resource: Sample Deed of Gift
- Florida Connecting to Collections 2013 Collections Management & Development Policies - A self-paced program for all GLAM institution types hosted by the Florida Association of Museums (FAM)
- AAM Reference Guide: Developing a Collections Management Policy
- American Alliance of Museums (AAM) Standards Regarding Collections Stewardship
- Creating a Collection Development Policy for Local Historical Records in Public Libraries - A pdf resource from the Wisconsin Historical Records Advisory Board and the Wisconsin Association of Public Librarians (April 1998).
- Support Documents for Community Decision Making - A collection of documents provided by the Sustainable Heritage Network that help organizations makes decisions regarding access, circulation, and ownership of cultural materials.
Rights, Copyright, and Legal Dilemmas
Resources included are for reference only and do not represent legal advice. Most apply only to U.S. law; other countries may have different rules and guidelines.
- Digital Public Library (DPL) Rights Statements
- Oral History Interviews: "Who Owns Oral History? A Creative Commons Solution,"
- Major Legal Challenges Facing Oral History In The Digital Age - A detailed 2014 article by John Neuenschwander on the IMLS Oral History in the Digital Age blog. Includes references.
- The Deaccessioning Dilemma: Laws, Ethics, and Actions - A 2015 Connecting to Collections Care webinar presented by John E. Simmons.
- Deaccessioning: The Devil's in the Details - A webinar in the AASLH StEPs program (fee)
- SAA Guidelines for Reappraisal and Deaccessioning - A pdf document from the Society of American Archivists (SAA)
- The Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for Academic and Research Libraries - Can be used as a model to develop institutional policies regarding fair use and online access.
- Cornell's Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the US - An easy to use chart to reference when particular types of items move into the public domain. Originally published by Peter B. Hirtle who has published a number of copyright resources. Updated annually.
- Copyright & Fair Use Resources from Stanford University Libraries - A number of charts and tools discussing copyright, fair use, and best practices.
- Websites: Five Ways to Stay Out of Trouble - A resource from the Stanford University Libraries Copyright & Fair Use website dealing specifically with website usage and rights.
- Connecting to Collections Care Resources - Select "Legal Issues" from the list for an extensive list of related resources.
- SAA's Copyright and Unpublished Material: An introduction for Users of Archives and Manuscript Collections - A downloadable and printable resource that answers basic questions.
- Well-intentioned Practice for Putting Digitized Collections of Unpublished Materials Online (W-iP) - A 2011 document developed by OCLC Research and supported by the SAA's Intellectual Property Working Group to help move institutions forward with digitization of unpublished archival materials whose rights holders are often difficult to identify and contact.
- Found! Abandoned Property in the Museum - A New England Museums Now 2016 reprint of a 2013 article from NEMA News on Legal Issues. Authored by Gilbert Whittemore and covers ten clear steps for dealing with undocumented items in collections.
- SAA Abandoned Property Project - A state-by-state listing of relevant abandoned property legislation compiled by the Society of American Archivists (SAA) and updated as required.
- ACRL/RBMS Guidelines Regarding Security and Theft in Special Collections - Guidelines developed by the Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) and its Rare Books and Manuscript Section (RBMS).
- Research Library Issues (RLI) Special Issue on Special Collections and Archives in the Digital Age - This June 2012 issue of RLI, published by the Association of Research Libraries (ARL), includes articles on legal matters associated with digitization, Deeds of Gifts, and copyright.
- Local Contexts - An initiative to support Native, First Nations, Aboriginal, and Indigenous communities in the management of their intellectual property within the digital environment by providing strategic resources and practical solutions.
- Traditional Knowledge Licensing and Labeling Website 1.0 - A description of the creation of Traditional Knowledge (TK) that led to the development of the TK Labels shared in the Local Contexts website.
Ethics and Social Justice
SEE ALSO Institutional Ethics
- Code of Ethics and Other Institutional Documents - A 2013 educational module, including a webinar, from the Florida Connecting to Collections Series presented from the museum (Myriam Springuel) and library (Burt Altman) perspectives.
- From Human Rights to Feminist Ethics: Radical Empathy in the Archives - A 2016 article by Michelle Caswell and Marika Cifor. Published in Archivaria, a journal of the Association of Canadian Archivists (ACA). Link is to abstract only.
- Social Media Archives Toolkit: Legal and Ethical Implications - A resource of the North Carolina State University Libraries providing insight into the legal and ethical issues of harvesting social media.
- OKCupid data release fiasco: It's time to rethink ethics education - A 2016 post by Annette Markham that addresses data releases from an ethics educator's perspective.
- Beyond the hashtags: #Ferguson, #Blacklivesmatter, and the online struggle for offline justice - A 2016 downloadable report written by Deen Feelon, Charlton D. McIlwain, and Meredith D. Clark that analyzes the Black Lives Matter movement online and the implications for using online tools to encourage social and political change.
- Surveillance and Social Media Archiving - A transcript of remarks made by Bergis Jules during the 2016 Library of Congress symposium, Collections as Data: Stewardship and Use Models to Enhance Access. Includes link to slides and the symposium's full agenda.
- Where are Human Subjects in Big Data Research? The Emerging Ethics Divide - A 2016 article by Jacob Metcalf and Kate Crawford published in Big Data and Society (Spring 2016).
- The Right to be Forgotten of the Duty to be Remembered? Twitter data reuse and implications for user privacy - A 2016 PDF case study by Helena Ursic (Leiden University) written for The Council for Big Data, Ethics, and Society.
- Toward a survivor-centered approach to records documenting human rights abuse: lessons from community archives - Link to abstract (full article available for purchase). A 2014 article by Michelle Caswell published in Archival Science.
- Opening up the Margins - A November 18, 2016 blog post by April Hathcock that combines her remarks at a number of venues about opening up "good scholarship" to marginalized communities.
- Zine Librarians Code of Ethics - A downloadable (PDF or Word) version of an ethical code as it applies to librarians and archivists that handle zines.
- #ArchivesForBlackLives: Building a Community Archives of Police Violence in Cleveland - The text of a 2016 talk by Jarrett M. Drake presented at the Digital Blackness conference on the panel Uploading Black History: Archiving Blacks' Lived Experiences.
- digitization: just because you can, doesn't mean you should - A 2016 blog post by Tara Robertson that reflects on the ethics of digitization through the example of a pre-internet lesbian porn magazine that was recently digitized and placed on line.
- Evidence, memory, identify, and community: four shifting archival paradigms - Link to abstract (full article available for purchase). A 2013 article by Terry Cook published in Archival Science.
Hazardous Materials
- Archives Conservators Discussion Group 2005: Hazardous Holdings - A pdf article by Linda Blaser and Susan Peckham summarizing the panel. Printed in The Book and Paper Group Annual 24 (2005), p. 73-83.
- Mercury in Museum Collections - PDF version of the Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI) Notes 1/7, 2002. Also available online here.
- Lead in Museusm Collections and Heritage Buildings - PDF version of the Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI) Notes 1/8, 2010. Also available online here.
- Arsenic and Old Lace: Controlling Hazardous Collection Materials - A 2016 Connecting to Collections Care Webinar. Page includes links to slides and handouts.
- Hazards in museum collections: A Collections Care How To Guide - A pdf guide from SHARE Museums East, Norfolk Museums & Archeology Service, and CollectionsTrust.
- What's That White Stuff blog - A blog sponsored by the Alaska State Museum offering advice about common issues in museums.
- Library of Congress Care, Handling, and Storage of Motion Picture Film - Resources and links from the Library of Congress.
- Museums Australia Vicotoria INSITE, September - October 2012, Dangerous Collections Special Issue - Includes articles on a variety of tough issues
- Pesticide Mitigation in Museum Collections: Science in Conservation: Proceedings from the MCI Workshop Series - 2010 publication from the Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation series that addresses the issue of pesticide removal from museum objects.
- Statement on Potential Hazards (Inherent and Acquired) Associated with Collection Objects - A 2010 policy statement from the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Department of Anthropology that can be used as a model for other institutions.
- Hazardous Materials in Your Collection - National Park Service (NPS) Conserve O Gram series, August 1998, Number 2/10.
- MuseumPests.net - A product of the Integrated Pest Management Working Group and includes a number of resources for prevention, monitoring, identification, and solutions for pests in collection spaces.
Culturally Sensitive and Tough Topic Collections
- Protocols for Native American Archival Materials - The Protocols were developed to provide best practices for culturally responsive care and use of Native American archival and documentary material held by non-tribal organizations. The document reflects a Native American perspective.
- Identifying Culturally Sensitive American Indian Material in a Non-tribal Institution - This is a good, brief, article regarding culturally sensitive Native American images in a non-native institution. It very clearly lays out a respectful, real world application of balancing maximum access and respectful consultation.
- American Indian Library Association Resources - A listing of resources compiled by the American Indian Library Association
- Canadian Conservation Institute Caring for Sacred and Culturally Sensitive Objects - Guidelines developed in 2015 to present key considerations related to sacred and culturally sensitive objects in heritage collections.
- Tribal Archives, Traditional Knowledge, and Local Contexts: Why the "s" Matters - A 2015 article by Kimberly Christen in the Journal of Western Archives (JWA Vol. 6, Iss. 1, Article 3).
- Opening Archives: Respectful Repatriation - An article by Kimberly Christen published in The American Archivist (Vol. 74, Spring/Summer 2011) examining one collaborative archival project aimed at digitally repatriating and reciprocally curating cultural heritage materials of the Plateau tribes in the Pacific Northwest.
- Confronting Our Failure of Care Around the Legacies of Marginalized People in the Archives - Transcript and select slides from a 2016 talk by Bergis Jules presented at the National Digital Stewardship Alliance annual meeting.
- Report: Task force to review Protocols for Native American Archival Materials - A PDF version of the 2008 Society of American Archivists (SAA) report.
- Identifying Culturally Sensitive American Indian Material in a Non-tribal Institution - A 2014 Case Study in Archival Ethics by Ellen Ryan and completed for the Society of American Archivists (SAA).
- Have Conversations Here: Supporting Productive Dialogue in Museums - A 2016 post by Mike Murawski on Art Museum Teaching discussing the facilitation of conversations in museums about difficult events and topics.
- Interpreting Transatlantic Slavery: the role of museums - A 1999 article from the International Slavery Museum by Anthony Tibbles.
- Interpreting Difficult History at Museums and Historic Sites - Book by Julia Rose
- Difficult Issues in History Museums - A 2013 post on the Finding Community blog.
- SAA Case Studies on Diversifying the Archival Record - Case #1: Preservation Workshops with Restricted Resources: Preserving Cham Manuscripts in Vietnam
- Museum Best Practices for Managing Controversy - A pdf document from the Association of Academic Museums and Galleries (AAMG)
Sample Projects and Collections
- Documenting the Now - A collaborative project that aims to respect both the content creator and the potential researcher and seeks to find a user-friendly means of collecting and preserving the digital content of social media.
- South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA) - An independant, national, non-profit organization working to document, preserve, and share stories representing the voices of South Asian Americans.
- Human Rights Documentation Initiative (HRDI) - A long-term preservation effort by the University of Texas Libraries to capture fragile and vulnerable records of human rights struggles worldwide, promote them, and make them accessible for research.
- XFR Collective - A non-profit organization partnering with many to preserve at-risk audiovisual media by providing low-cost digitization services.
- Moving Image Preservation of Puget Sound (MiPoPs) - A non-profit organization helping to preserve our cultureal heritage by assisting archives, libraries, and other organizations with the conversion of analog video recordings to digital formats according to archival best practices.
- The Memory Lab at DC Public Library - A service provided to the DC public that allows for personal preservation of AV materials. A model that other organizations can follow.
Closing the loop: Project assessment and leveraging goals for future planning
The resources included in this section provide additional information for all other topics and help provide support for sustaining and moving projects into the future.
Additional information on the February 15, 2017 webinar as well as a link to the captioned webinar recording can be found on the CLIR Strategies for Advancing Hidden Collections landing page.
- Webinar recording with captions:
- PDF version of the speaker's slide presentation
- PDF version of the speaker's slide presentation with script
- PDF version of the webinar script
- Collaborative Project Template Spreadsheet (.xlsx)
- Links to webinar chat:
- Chat 1, Signs of Trouble
- Chat 2, Project ROI
- Chat 3, Roadblocks
- Chat 4, Celebration
- Chat 5, Final Comments
Participants and viewers of the recording are encouraged to offer feedback through this evaluation. Completing the evaluation allows you to generate a certificate of completion for the webinar: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/JXMZ36G
During the Project
- Strategies for Learning from Failure - An article by Amy C. Edmondson, a version also available in print, Harvard Business Review April 2011.
- What are the Most Important Factors in a Successful Project? - A brief Vimeo video from Artscape President and CEO Tim Jones on the crucial elements of project success.
- Avoid the Same Old Mistakes by Focusing on Lessons Learned - A 2014 article by Duncan Haughey that covers 6 essential steps to document lessons learned.
- An Online Exhibit: A Tale of Triumph and Tribulation - A 2014 Case Study by Nancy Freeman and Robert B. Riter for the Society of American Archivists (SAA).
- More Product, Less Process: Revamping Traditional Archival Processing - A 2005 article by Mark Greene and Dennis Miller published in The American Archivist, a publication of the Society of American Archivists. Link to abstract, PDF version available for download.
Project Evaluation and Assessment
- Taking Stock: A Practical Guide to Evaluating Your Own Programs - A 1997 guide written by Sally L. Bond, Sally E. Boyd, and Kathleen A. Rapp written to help community-based organisations improve programs.
- W.K. Kellogg Foundation Evaluation Handbook - A 2010 tool to help consider evaluation as a relevant and useful program tool. The handbook was written especially for W.K. Kellogg Foundation-funded programs but has broader application possibilities.
- OERL: Online Evaluation Resource Library - A resource library designed to collect and make available evaluation plans, instruments, and reports for National Science Foundation (NSF) related projects but has broader application possibilities.
- [https://www2.cdc.gov/cdcup/library/practices_guides/CDC_UP_Project_Close-Out_Practices_Guide.pdf CDC Unified Process Practices Guide: Project Close-out - A 2006 guide that can help organizations practice successful project-close out.
- Project Assessment and Evaluation - A list of resources compiled by the Referencce and User Services Association (RUSA), a division of the American Library Association (ALA).
- Creating an Assessment Plan & Using Assessment Templates - A 2009 guide created by the University of Hawaii at Manoa Assessment Office.
- Tutorials for creating Gantt, PERT, and CPM charts
- How to make Gantt charts in Excel - A video tutorial with Excel templates for making Gantt charts.
- Creating a Pert CPM chart using Excel - A 2012 YouTube video tutorial by Eric Magidson.
- Creating a PERT/CPM Chart using Excel 2016 and the Personal Trainer Case - A 2016 YouTube video tutorial by Eric Magidson.
- Measures of Project Management Performance and Value: A Benchmark of Current Business Practices - A 2005 resource from the Center for Business Practices as part of the Comprehensive List of Measures series.
- Environmental Protection: Using Metrics to Track Progress of Community Outreach Programs - A 2004 guide published by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers to help develop metrics for understanding how well organizations are implementing programs as well as how to improve them.
- Project Execution - PM Elements: Tracking and Monitoring Project Performance - A January 1997 PDF document from the California Chief Information Offices that offers practical solutions for project tracking that can be adapted to other organizations' needs. A part of the Statewide Information Management Manual (SIMM)
- Shared Services: Tracking Performance/Performance Metrics - What Doesn't Get Measured Doesn't Get Done - A 2011 blog post by Jennifer Lotkowski and Adam Jelic on the IBM Center for The Business of Government.
Future Project Planning
- Engaging the Grown-Ups: A Roundtable Exploring New Strategies - An AASLH Audio Recording
- Who's Next? Succession Planning and Institutional Health - An AASLH Audio Recording
Developing and Evaluating Institutional Documentation
SEE ALSO Creating Policies for Collection Building
- Plan for the future you want for you museum - A Technical Bulletin of the Oklahoma Museums Association, July 2009 by Cecil Carter
- Florida Connecting to Collections 2013 Collections Management & Development Policies - A self-paced program for all GLAM institution types.
- Florida Connecting to Collections Emergency Plans - A self-paced program for all GLAM Institution types
- AAM Description of Core Documents - A listing of important documents suggested by the American Alliance of Museums (AAM) as fundamental for basic professional museum operations.
- The 2002 User-friendly Handbook for Project Evaluation - A 2002 resource guide in HTML or PDF from the National Science Foundation (NSF)
- Five Project Management Metrics key to Successful Project Execution - Operational Excellence - A 2013 post by Kavita Verma shared on OBOlinx Tech. Includes equations and practical examples.


text:
HAGERSTOWN, Md. – The highly caffeinated Monster Energy Drink has been cited in five deaths and one non-fatal heart attack, according to reports that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is investigating.
The reports claim that people had adverse reactions after they consumed Monster Energy Drink, which comes in 24-ounce cans and contains 240 milligrams of caffeine, or seven times the amount of the caffeine in a 12-ounce cola.
Although the FDA is investigating the allegations, which date back to 2004, the agency said the reports don't necessarily prove that the drinks caused the deaths or injuries.
"As with any reports of a death or injury the agency receives, we take them very seriously and investigate diligently," Shelly Burgess said in a statement.
News of the FDA's investigation follows a filing last week of a wrongful death suit in Riverside, Calif., by the parents of a 14-year-old Hagerstown girl who died after drinking two, 24-ounce Monster Energy Drinks in 24 hours.
Related: Why energy drinks are harming your kids
An autopsy found that Anais Fournier died of cardiac arrhythmia due to caffeine toxicity that impeded her heart's ability to pump blood. She suffered from an inherited disorder that can weaken blood vessels. But the child's parents claim Monster failed to warn about the risks of drinking its products.
Monster Beverage Corp., which touts on its web site that the Monster Energy Drink is a "killer energy brew" and "the meanest energy supplement on the planet," puts labels on cans that state that the drinks are not recommended for children and people who are sensitive to caffeine. The company, based in Corona, Calif., did not immediately respond to calls seeking comment on Monday, but said last week that it is "unaware of any fatality anywhere that has been caused by its drinks."
Monster is among a growing group of energy drinks on the market. Energy drinks are a tiny part of the carbonated soft drink market, representing about 3 percent of sales volume, according to a recent report by industry tracker Beverage Digest. But at a time when soda consumption is declining, energy drinks are becoming more popular: Last year, sales volume for energy drinks rose by nearly 17 percent.
Monster has benefited the most from the rise in popularity. Last year, Monster had a 35 percent share of the energy-drink market based on volume, while Red Bull had 30 percent and Rockstar had 19 percent, according to Beverage Digest. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are far smaller players in the arena, with about 5 percent each.
Investors have warmed up to the drinks as well. In the past two years, Monster's shares have more than tripled, from about $22 and hit a high of about $79 in June. But on news of the FDA investigation, Monster's shares plunged $7.59, or 14.2 percent, to close at $45.73 in trading on Monday.
The increase in popularity has brought heightened scrutiny. The levels of caffeine in the drinks have raised worries: Although the FDA caps the amount of caffeine in soda to 0.02 percent, there is no such limit for energy drinks.
In August, New York state Attorney General Eric Schneiderman issued subpoenas to energy drink makers, including Monster, as part of the state's investigation of the industry. And in September, Senators Dick Durbin, D-Ill., and Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., asked the FDA to take another look at the effect that caffeine and other ingredients in energy drinks have on children and adolescents.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
There is, however, what I think is a more important weakness of the paper. To substantiate the case for admixture, the authors compare West African Yorubans separately with Europeans and with East Asians.
Let's assume that they do in fact detect what is genuine archaic admixture, i.e., the introgression of chunks of DNA into regional humans from a species other than modern Homo sapiens. They can achieve this by detecting regions where Yoruban DNA sequence differs from European DNA sequence in a manner suggestive of a very ancient time depth.
But, is there a reason to ascribe these differences to Neandertal introgression?
Actually, there is not, as Europeans are derived from a specific East African population: they are not derived from Sub-Saharan Africans in general, or West Africans in particular. Indeed, this very paper finds evidence of archaic admixture in Africa itself!
Thus, what appears as a piece of Neandertal DNA in Europeans, could in fact be a piece of ancestral East African DNA which differs from Yoruba DNA because of population structure in Africa itself, for which there is more than enough evidence.
So, what this paper does, is tell us that a chunk of DNA in Europeans, and the corresponding chunk in Yorubans don't share ancestry within a conventional Out-of-Africa time frame. It does not, however, tell us that this is because of archaic introgression in Europeans. The culprit could equally well be long-term population structure in Africa, i.e., the presence of "modern" and "archaic" populations in Africa itself.
The way forward is to compare Europeans with Middle Eastern Caucasoids and East Africans. If the "archaic" European DNA is found across many of these populations, then the case for Neandertal introgression will weaken, and the hypothesis presented in this post (ancient African population structure) will be supported.
UPDATE (May 9): John Hawks has updated his blog entry in response to this post. He makes two points:
The East Asian and European comparisons come up with different genes showing evidence of putative introgression.What we don't know at this point is whether either (or both) of the European/East Asian introgression candidate genes are found in East Africa. If so, then the presence of different sets of genes in Europe and East Asia could be the result of random survivals of the diversity of the initial African population. Or, introgression happened in either Europe or East Asia, and one region preserves archaic DNA inherited from Africa and the other archaic DNA that introgressed in East Asia or Europe, which is why the two are different.
Furthermore, while Out-of-Africa is conventionally seen as one migration c. 40Kya which eventually spawned both Europeans and East Asians, there is Y-chromosomal evidence for a separate process linking Western Eurasia and East Africa (Y-chromosome haplogroup E). Thus, a later movement may have spread "archaic" East African genes into Western Eurasia but not in East Asia.
John's second point:
The entire point of the out-of-Africa replacement idea is to draw humans from an unstructured ancient population. Humans have to be inbred to explain the low genetic variation today. A long bottleneck in Africa is one explanation for this inbreedingWe do know that there was substantial variation in Africa at the time when modern Homo sapiens emerged. A long period of inbreeding in Africa would indeed create the fairly homogeneous species we discover when we look at most genes. This species would, however, during its population expansion -within Africa- come into contact with other previously isolated African populations, some of which would go extinct, while others might be absorbed, their genes persisting at low frequency in the expanding species.
This requires no great leap of faith. It parallels directly what happened in Africa in the last few thousand years, where previously isolated Pygmy and Khoi-San populations came into contact with expanding farmer-pastoralists, and contributing a little bit to the farmers' genomes.
Thus, the expanding African population that eventually spilled over into Eurasia, would indeed be quite inbred and homogeneous, but its gene pool would also contain traces of the smaller, less successful African populations it had absorbed. Because of their low frequency, these traces would be more susceptible to extinction in the series of bottlenecks that led to Europeans on one side and East Asians on the other, with different sets of archaic genes preserved in either region.
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msp096
Detecting ancient admixture and estimating demographic parameters in multiple human populations
Jeffrey D. Wall et al.
We analyze patterns of genetic variation in extant human polymorphism data from the NIEHS SNPs project to estimate human demographic parameters. We update our previous work by considering a larger data set (more genes and more populations), and by explicitly estimating the amount of putative admixture between modern humans and archaic human groups (e.g., Neandertals, Homo erectus, H. floresiensis). We find evidence for this ancient admixture in European, East Asian and West African samples, suggesting that admixture between diverged hominin groups may be a general feature of recent human evolution.


text:
What makes Apple successful? Great design? Good software? Fun ads with dancing silhouettes? Steve Jobs' presentation skills ? Definitely. This is what keeps its rabid fan-base fully stocked with ammunition to aim at the rest of the planet that "just doesn't get it".
Interestingly, Apple aficionados might not be appreciative of the shiny ones most valuable skill: its ability to change. Or more to the point, its ability to sell change.
Indeed, the switch to Intel wasn't the easiest pill for many to swallow, especially after numerous nights spent dismissing the chips as inferior to their PowerPC competitors. But, after Steve Jobs' latest laser-guided keynote, it seems that Apple's new offensive is one to be reckoned with and that change, even this drastic, is good.
You can get away with changing your mind if you can prove that your new train of thought is beneficial. The more popular you are, surprisingly, the harder it becomes as people have not only agreed with you but put their reputation behind your words. You change your mind, they need to change theirs.
So how does Apple manage that? For one, they've got a benevolent dictator running the show. Steve Jobs' is not known for being a nice guy, he's known for getting things done and getting people behind him. He's responsible, he's got a track record and he's telling you that's how it's going to be. Period.
Secondly, Apple has a strong "change creds". While it isn't every day that they move to Intel's or call you to run Windows on their machines, Apple has shown that taking big steps in a new direction can yield big results. When Apple decided to build a digital music player it sounded like madness, and while it's been a far bigger success than even the ever optimistic Jobs would have anticipated, the world was taught never to underestimate Apple again.
"We've been trying to shoehorn a G5 into a PowerBook. We've tried everything."—Steve Jobs' 2006 keynote.
Lastly, if told honestly the idea makes sense. Not at first. Not when you imagine opening up a Mac to find your old PC in it. But once you stop hyperventilating and listen, it makes sense. And making sense is what Apple is good at. From Jobs' keynotes to its common-sense marketing the message is (mostly) honest and easy to pass along. New MacBook? "4x faster", new iMac? "2x faster".
Just like that, the switch to Intel becomes a good idea, good news for consumers. Apple's way of conveying their change has led to people talking about "faster machines", "cheaper products" and "more choice" and removed them from developing conspiracy theories about how Intel strong armed them into making the switch or that it's a last ditch attempt at survival. Apple's latest offensive is, once again, perfectly executed.


text:
Home » Full Catalogue » CRUMB, GEORGE: Vox Balaenae
CRUMB, GEORGE: Vox Balaenae
Just a couple of copies for those who might be interested. A fascinating work of great clarity that uses a wide arsenal of extended techniques. For amplified Flute, amplified piano and amplified cello. The CD also features a number of other small ensemble works, all of them unusual and inventive.
Code: 8 559205
Price: £7.50


text:
Sorry, but as you have responded so quickly, our system thinks it is possible this could be an automated response (some email systems check links in emails automatically, so we need to be sure you are a real person!).
Simply type in the following number in the text box below, and click the link.
Type number : (shown above in bold)


text:
Medical Library
Loading...Please Wait
Select an Article:
- Quadriceps Muscle Strains
- Meniscal Tears
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear
- Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Tear
- Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Tear
- Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Tears
- Anterior Knee Pain
- Patello-femoral Pain (Commonly Called Chondromalacia Patella)
- Patellar Tendinitis (Jumper's Knee)
- Knee Osteoarthritis
- Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome (ITBS)
- Knee Replacement
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Tears
Lateral collateral ligament tears (LCL) are less common. Initially, rest, ice, elevation and compression is necessary followed by bracing and rehabilitation. Surgery is uncommon.
Possible Treatments
- Core Strengthening
- Cryotherapy or Cold Therapy
- Electrotherapeutic Modalities
- Heat Pack
- Isometric Exercise
- Knee Active Range of Motion
- Knee Joint Mobilization
- Knee Passive Range of Motion
- Knee Resistive Range of Motion
- Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
- Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)
- Proprioception Exercises
- Physical Agents
- Stretching/Flexibility Exercise
Possible Treatment Goals
- Improve ability to bear weight/stand on the leg(s)
- Decrease Risk of Reoccurrence
- Improve Fitness
- Improve Function
- Improve Muscle Strength and Power
- Increase Oxygen to Tissues
- Improve Proprioception
- Decrease Postoperative Complications
- Improve Range of Motion
- Self-care of Symptoms
- Improve Tolerance for Prolonged Activities
- Improve Wound Healing
Additional Resources
The information in this medical library is intended for informational and educational purposes only and in no way should be taken to be the provision or practice of physical therapy, medical, or professional healthcare advice or services. The information should not be considered complete or exhaustive and should not be used for diagnostic or treatment purposes without first consulting with your physical therapist, occupational therapist, physician or other healthcare provider. The owners of this website accept no responsibility for the misuse of information contained within this website.


text:
Pinning down some of the best living room speaker sets is a tall order, especially when there are so many subjective concerns involved. Still, we wanted to know what living room sets you would suggest to a friend if they asked you, and you gave us tons of great nominations. We rounded up the five most popular living room speaker sets out of your nominations, and put them to an all out vote to see which one came out on top. Now we're back to highlight the winner.
Like we said in our Hive Five feature, there are tons of concerns—from budget to room size to room layout to type of media you plan to enjoy—that add up to what the "best" speakers are for you. Still, we wanted to know which sets you, the community, thought were the best options, from high-end expensive models to solid bang-for-the-buck setups, and you delivered.
Bowers and Wilkins (600 Series/800 Series Diamond) took the top spot in our poll with close to 35% of the overall vote. With many of you, it's clear the high-end quality of the 800 Series Diamond carried the vote over the top, even if they're out of the price range of most consumers. The 600s, on the other hand, are a bit more affordably priced.
Voting for second place was a bit more tight, with the difference between all of the other contenders being far fewer votes than the difference between second and first place. In second place with just under 20% of the vote was Klipsch (Quintet/Reference Series). Hot on its heels in third place with about 17.5% of the overall vote was Polk Audio (RTiA Series), and right behind it in fourth place with 17% of the vote (a difference of 12 votes!) was Paradigm (Studio/Monitor Series). Bringing up the rear was the budget-friendly Energy (Take Classic 5.1 System), with 11% of the overall vote.
The Hive Five is based on reader nominations. As with most Hive Five posts, if your favorite was left out, it's not because we hate it—it's because it didn't get the nominations required in the call for contenders post to make the top five. We understand it's a bit of a popularity contest, but if you have a favorite, we want to hear about it. Have a suggestion for the Hive Five? Send us an email at [email protected]!
Photo by gothopotam.


text:
(234) 577-6775
Strasburg Towing
Wheel Lift Tow Truck Service Strasburg 44680
Competitive pricing
Much safer
Knowledge of local streets
Various types of towings
Fast on-site arrival
Highly Professional Experts
Professional Service
Wide range of the services
Quick reponse to your call
24 hours a day service service
Competitive pricing
Much safer
Knowledge of local streets
Various types of towings
Fast on-site arrival
Highly Professional Experts
Professional Service
Wide range of the services
Quick reponse to your call
24 hours a day service service
Request a quote and we'll send you our best price.
Understanding the Benefits of Wheel Lift Tow Truck Services in Strasburg 44680
Wheel lift tow trucks are a popular choice for vehicle towing and recovery. Unlike traditional flatbed tow trucks, wheel lift tow trucks use a hydraulic lift system to raise the front wheels of a vehicle off the ground, allowing the vehicle to be towed without having to remove the wheels.
How Does a Wheel Lift Tow Truck Work in Strasburg 44680?
A wheel lift tow truck uses a hydraulic lift system to lift the front wheels of a vehicle off the ground. This allows the vehicle to be towed without having to remove the wheels. The procedure starts by attaching the wheel lift system to the front wheels of the vehicle. The lift system is then activated, lifting the front wheels of the vehicle off the ground. The vehicle can then be safely loaded onto the tow truck and transported to its destination. The procedure of loading and transporting a vehicle with a wheel lift tow truck requires skilled operators. They must make sure that the vehicle is properly secured and balanced on the tow truck before it can be safely transported. Additionally, safety precautions must be taken to make sure that the vehicle remains stable during transport and that the load is properly balanced. Common Scenarios: Wheel lift tow trucks are versatile and can be used in a variety of situations. Some of the most common scenarios include:
There are times when you can't estimate what type of towing you need. Call our professionals and describe the situation in detail, answer our dispatcher's questions, and maybe instead of service or in addition to it, you will need MOTORHOME TOWING, BIG RIG TOWING, COMMERCIAL TOWING, ROADSIDE ASSISTANCE or FIFTH WHEEL TOW
Advantages of Using a Professional Wheel Lift Tow Truck Service in Strasburg 44680
When your vehicle needs to be towed, it can be a stressful and time-consuming situation. However, by using a professional wheel lift tow truck service, you can save yourself a lot of time, money, and stress. Some of the advantages of using a professional wheel lift tow truck service include:
Why Choose Us for Wheel Lift Tow Truck Services in Strasburg 44680?
In Strasburg 44680 dynamic environment, our wheel lift tow truck services stand out for their efficiency and care. Our experts combine local insights with advanced equipment to make sure fast, damage-free towing. Our commitment to excellence, competitive pricing, and deep understanding of Strasburg 44680 terrain make us the good option for wheel lift towing needs.
A wheel lift tow truck service is a valuable service for those who need to transport their vehicle safely and efficiently. It can save you time, money, and stress in case of a vehicle emergency. It's important to have the contact information of a professional wheel lift tow truck service on hand, so you're prepared in case of an emergency. With experienced and skilled operators, proper equipment, and insurance coverage, a professional wheel lift tow truck service can offer peace of mind when your vehicle needs to be towed.
ZIP Codes in Strasburg, Ohio
OUR SERVICES in Strasburg, Ohio
18 Wheeler Towing
Accident Removal
Big Rig Towing
Boat Towing
Box Truck Towing
Broken Ignition Key Removal
Bus Towing
Car Lockout
Car Transportation
Change Car Battery
Commercial Towing
Construction Towing
Dump Truck Towing
Emergency Towing
Fifth Wheel Tow
Flat Tire Service
Flatbed Towing
Fuel Delivery
Heavy Duty Towing
Jump Start
Junk Cars For Cash
Light Duty Towing
Limo Towing
Local Towing
Long Distance Towing
Low Clearance Towing
Lowboy Towing
Luxury Car Towing
Medium Duty Towing
Motorcycle Towing
Motorhome Towing
Off Road Vehicle Recovery
Office Container Tow
Recovery Services
Roadside Assistance
RV Towing
School Bus Towing
Scissor Lift Towing
Semi Truck Towing
Shipping Container Tow
Tire Change Heavy Duty
Towing Cars Without Plates
Towing For Uber Cars
Transportation Trailer
UPS Towing
Wheel Lift Tow Truck Service
Winch Out
(234) 577-6775
Our Mission
Our goal is to be the leading provider of towing service throughout the Strasburg region by embracing the latest technology, an increase in internal efficiency, and a greater degree of specialization within our industry. Our goal is to provide solutions to our customers and to do this by going above and beyond what is expected of us.
Our Goals
To encourage excellence in teamwork.- To improve our attention to ecological issues.- To strive for enhancement in all fields of our network or business- To constantly promote the ethics and morals of our business practices.
Our Values
To be an experts player with integrity, honesty, as also credibility.
Our goal is to treat our clients our experts members with dignity and respect.
Our provider experts want to empower our employees to be the best they can be by ongoing training .
How do our providers' experts work?
The use of metrics for assessing critical success aspects has been a secret to the success of our network. The experts of our providers are developed by response time. That means the faster our operators respond to your call, the more value you get.
Our Secret to Success
Making smarter choices to locate our towing trucks than others and implementing best practices has led to the success of our business. In addition, expanding our towing staff by hiring local residents as new employees has been critical to providing fast, quality towing service in Strasburg.
Community Outreach
The experts of our providers actively work with local communities and businesses Strasburg, step by step our pros progressed toward gaining full trust. That's why our towing network always has the necessary businesses (auto repair shops, hotels, gas stations and more) to solve your problem as quickly as possible in Strasburg. The local community trusts us, and the experts of our providers trust them. Our use of modern technology and tools, hiring highly qualified professionals allows us to keep local residents' property intact, the level of quiet, and maintain high environmental standards when towing
Amazing service! Located in the center of Strasburg and in half an hour help will be anywhere in the city.
5 stars network
Towing in Strasburg, Ohio
Are you in need of emergency Wheel Lift Tow Truck Service? Look no further! The experts of our providers are a dependable towing network based in Strasburg that is open 24 hours a day 7 days per week. Our experts offer the best prices and are very competitive.
Our pros specialize in emergency Wheel Lift Tow Truck Service! Get in touch today for a quote.


text: Chesapeake Marine Design is a full service firm with over 25 years in boat and ship design and engineering. From concept design through construction support and upgrades, we are there to support you and keep you on the water. We use the latest computer programs to support our in depth experience to provide practical design and engineering solutions. From quick evaluations to detailed design and CNC manufacturing, we can support your project. Services include:


text:
Hosting Providers sites
Ordered by failures over the last 1 day, updated every 15 mins
Note: Outage times display the minimum outage time which may understate each outage by up to 15 minutes, which is the sampling frequency.
If you are researching prospective hosting locations, or performing competitor analysis and would like to buy bespoke performance monitoring of sites of your choice, or access to historical data, please mail us at firstname.lastname@example.com
Interpreting the Tables
By default the sites are ranked in order of failed requests and time to connect, shortest first, in order to give the clearest indication of network capacity and congestion, with the least impact from the performance of the individual web server, though it is possible to sort by other columns by clicking on the column heading.
Presently our performance collectors are located at New York/New York Internet-2, Italy/Aruba-2, Singapore/DigitalOcean and Ireland/Amazon. Sites located near one of our collectors may have an advantage over others listed in the table, though this effect is mitigated by using averages collected from multiple points. Sites exclusively hosted in the Far East are at a disadvantage as we do not currently have a performance collector in the region.
Sites using a Content Distribution Network, such as Akamai, have a particular advantage as the response to our request would come from the node closest to each performance collector.
Using the performance of a hosting provider's own site to determine the performance of the hosting companies network, is only indicative.
If you are using the table as a guide when choosing where to locate a dedicated or collocated server, remember that connection times fluctuate continually, and only hundredths of a second separate the top companies. Avoiding companies showing prolonged outages is likely to be a better strategy than necessarily going for the company with the fastest connection time.
Other factors including availability and quality of support, and price will also be important. If you are considering shared hosting then the load on the shared hosting system will likely be a greater constraint on the performance of your site than network connection time.
More information can be found in the FAQ.


text:
Your browser (Internet Explorer) is not compatible with Rentcars.
Upgrade your browser now to ensure the best experience and safety when booking a car.
In most countries, the minimum age required to hire a vehicle is 25.
Each driver must present a full, valid and original national driving licence, held for a minimum of 2 years. If your licence is not in a language used in your destination country, an International Driving Permit to accompany your national driving licence is highly recommended. Some rental companies and government agencies require that you present an IDP. It is the renter's responsibility to present both their IDP and Driver's License when picking up the vehicle. For more information, please reach out to the Rental Company.
Each driver must present a valid and original photo ID and passport.
The renter must present a valid and personal credit card with enough funds to be held as a security deposit. Third-party credit cards will not be accepted. The car hire company is solely responsible for approving the provided credit card. Online prepayment does not exempt the renter from providing a valid international credit card during vehicle pick-up. The hire company will place a hold in the amount of the required security deposit and, when applicable, any additional local fees not covered in the prepaid voucher will be charged to the card provided at the hire location.
You must present a printout of the Booking Confirmation Voucher at the hire location. This document officially confirms all agreed upon services, payment conditions, rates, discounts, as well as the availability of a vehicle from the selected group.
Car hire companies reserve the right to refuse service to underage or unlicensed drivers, those with poor credit history, or individuals otherwise considered liabilities by the hire company.
The most popular car hire model in Puerto Iguazú is the Chevrolet Spin.
In the last 30 days, the average daily rate was £ 59,71.
in Puerto Iguazú there are 3 locations from 3 car hire companies.
Minivan, Midsize, Compact.
Hire car protections usually have the abbreviations CDW and LDW and protect the vehicle from robbery and damage in the event of collisions or accidents.
The protections against third parties have several abbreviations, such as ALI, SLI and others. In general, they protect the vehicle from third parties involved in collisions with your rental car.
To pick up the car you must leave a security deposit, also called a pre-authorization. The amount is "blocked" on the renter's credit card and "unlocked" after the return of the car on the same conditions.
It is possible to add optional items to your reservation, such as GPS, child car seat or booster seat. Take advantage of those items so you don't have to worry about it later!
If someone else is sharing the wheel with you, they need to be added to the car hire agreement as an additional driver and meet the same documentation and minimum age requirements as the main driver or hirer.
Check if your reservation has free mileage or not. Free mileage means you can ride as much as you like with the hire car and you will not pay extra depending on the ride.


text:
One World Trade Center is – arguably – the tallest US building
They set out to build the tallest skyscraper in the world – a giant that would rise a symbolic 1,776 feet from the ashes of ground zero.
Those aspirations of global supremacy fell by the wayside long ago, but New York won a consolation prize Tuesday when an international architectural panel said it would recognize One World Trade Center as the tallest skyscraper in the United States.
The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, considered a world authority on supersized skyscrapers, announced its decision at simultaneous news conferences in New York and Chicago, home to the 1,451-foot Willis Tower, which is being dethroned as the nation's tallest building.
Measuring the height of a building would seem to be a simple thing, but in the case of the new World Trade Center tower it is complicated by the 408-foot-tall needle atop the skyscraper's roof.
The council's verdict rested on a conclusion that the needle should be counted as part of the building's total height. Without it, the tower would be just 1,368 feet tall, the same height as the original World Trade Center. That would make it smaller than not only the Willis, but also a 1,397-foot apartment building being built a short subway ride away near Central Park.
Speaking at his office in New York, council chairman Timothy Johnson, an architect at the global design firm NBBJ, said the decision by the 25-member height committee had more "tense moments" than usual, given the skyscraper's importance as a patriotic symbol.
"I was here on 9/11. I saw the buildings come down," he said.
Over the past few months, the council had hinted that it might be open to changing its standards for measuring ultra-tall buildings, given a trend toward developers adding "vanity height" to towers with huge, decorative spires.
But the council also has a history of disallowing antennas in height calculations. The Empire State Building's landmark 204-foot needle isn't counted in its height measurement. Neither are the two TV antennas atop the Willis Tower, which had been the country's tallest building since it was completed – and named the Sears Tower – in 1974.
But in the end, there was unanimity on the committee that One World Trade Center's reach for 1,776 feet – a number that echoes the founding year of the United States – was an artistic architectural expression.
"This was a quest to put something meaningful and symbolic on that site because of the horrible history of what happened on that site," said Antony Wood, the council's executive director.
Tourists photographing the skyscraper Tuesday mostly agreed that when it comes to height measurements, this spire should count.
"For any other building, no. But for this one, yes," said Cary Bass, of Lake Mary, Fla., as he waited to enter the National Sept. 11 Memorial at the new skyscraper's feet. "Those people deserve it," he said, referring to the attack victims.
"It's a special building," said Paul Schlagel, visiting from Longmont, Colo.
When architect Daniel Libeskind won a public design competition for the World Trade Center master plan in 2003, his original vision was for a twisting, angular spire filled with hanging gardens.
Height was part of the appeal. At the time, his design of 1,776 feet would have made the so-called "Freedom Tower" the tallest skyscraper in the world.
Libeskind's drawings were always meant to be conceptual, though, and the real-world designs produced by architect David Childs and the tower's owner, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, reduced that glass spire to a more conventional cable-stayed mast, which would support broadcast equipment and a rotating beacon, visible for 50 miles.
That change, along with another that removed a layer of decorative cladding, had created some doubt about how the council might rule.
If they were to stand side by side, the Willis Tower would probably appear to be the larger building to most bystanders. In fact, someone standing in the Willis Tower's observation deck would have to look down to see One World Trade Center's roof.
This marks the second time that the Willis Tower has lost a "tallest" title in a disputed decision.
Back in 1996, the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat sparked controversy when it declared the Petronas Twin Towers in Malaysia taller than the Willis. That decision, like the one involving One World Trade Center, also rested on whether to count slender, decorative spires in the total height measurement.
Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel made light of Tuesday's decision.
"I would just say to all the experts gathered in one room: If it looks like an antenna, acts like an antenna, then guess what? It is an antenna," he told reporters.
Bella Engstrom, a tourist from Sweden visiting the World Trade Center site, said she thought any measurement of the building should stop at the highest point a person can stand in the tower.
"I think it's as high as you can go. You stop there," she said.
Kevin Corrigan, a union carpenter working at the Trade Center site Tuesday dismissed the height debate as an issue for academics, not workers on the job.
"Getting it built. That's what we care about," he said.
In a joint statement, the Port Authority, its marketing partner, the Durst Organization, and Childs' architectural firm, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, said the building's creators had "long celebrated the height of 1,776 feet as an unwavering principal" of its design.
"This iconic building represents the resilience of America and today's decision recognizes One World Trade Center's rightful place in history," they said.
The new World Trade Center tower remains under construction and is expected to open next year.
When it does, it will be the world's third-largest skyscraper, behind the 2,717-foot Burj Khalifa in Dubai and the 1,972-foot Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Even that distinction may not last: Six even taller towers are under construction in Asia.
Associated Press Writer Don Babwin in Chicago contributed to this report.