text:
January 13, 2010
Another Four Composites: guess their origin
37 comments:
- Eshenberg said...
LT -Israel{Turkey}
RT -Hungary{west Slavic}
LB -Portugal{Italy}
RB -Austria... - Wednesday, January 13, 2010 10:12:00 pm
- Fanty said...
ok, once again I wont take a glance to what others said, before I finnished my post :P
First I could say is, that I find it harder than the first 4. ;)
Well, overall impresson:
BOth right ones apear to be nothern half of Europe.
BOth left ones apear to be southern half of Europe.
TL: Cant come up with something.
I would say, something around the mediteranian sea.
TR: German (Bavarian, Austrian)
BL: French
BR: English or Scandinavian - Thursday, January 14, 2010 2:49:00 am
- Maju said...
In latin script writing order: (1) North African (not sure, could be some sort of Latin American too), (2) Swedish, Polish or otherwise NE European, (3) undefined southern European (Italian maybe?) and (4) undefined NW European (German?).
- Thursday, January 14, 2010 4:20:00 am
- Nanonymous said...
Jan 13th post, clockwise from top left:
Turkey, Germany, Portugal, Croatia
Jan 11th post, clockwise from top left:
Russia, Spain, Holland, Italy.
If I am not mistaken, there is a "system" to this one, so I used it. Even if I got the idea right, the sequence may be off in couple of places. - Thursday, January 14, 2010 4:28:00 am
- pconroy said...
TL=Israel/Lebanon/East Med
TR=Hungarian/Central Europe
BL=Egypt/North Africa
BR=German/Dutch/English - Thursday, January 14, 2010 6:12:00 am
- Katharós said...
LT:Thin upper lip and hanging lower lip and kind of a fleshy nose. Middle Eastern.
RT: South Slav
BL: Thin lipps, Hellenistic/Roman area.
BR: Wavy lipps, no idea could be anything. - Thursday, January 14, 2010 10:42:00 am
- Unknown said...
TL : Turkish
TR : Czech-Polish
BL : Portuguese (or South Italian)
BR : Austrian-Slovene - Thursday, January 14, 2010 1:38:00 pm
- velvetgunther said...
TL: Italian
TR: Czech
BL: Greek or Turkish
BR: Dutch - Thursday, January 14, 2010 4:06:00 pm
- Jack said...
Same faces as before, but with different facial expressions.
If i must stick to the game, I know that the the:
TL is not European looking.
The rest were more or less conceived with in vitro fertilization given the soulless, glazed tuatacilook in their eyes. - Thursday, January 14, 2010 7:40:00 pm
- ashraf said...
right top=Croatian-Slovenian
right bottom=Deutsch
left top=Portuguese
left bottom=French - Thursday, January 14, 2010 7:41:00 pm
- hjernespiser said...
Yes, these do look like the same faces switched.
Top Left: Looks West Mediterranean
Top Right: Looks Alpine Slavic
Bottom Left: Looks East Mediterranean
Bottom Right: Still looks Germanic to me - Thursday, January 14, 2010 10:21:00 pm
- read it said...
My first impression is that they are four composites of the same people with different percentages of each of the originals.
No idea the two on the left.
Top right, Russian.
Bottom right, English.
But maybe it is just the gaze. - Friday, January 15, 2010 1:54:00 am
- Fanty said...
"My first impression is that they are four composites of the same people with different percentages of each of the originals."
In a way, they are ;)
1. Humans have a tiny genepool compared to other species and went through a very thin bottleneck.
2. The genepool outside of Africa is even thinner.
3. Europeans suposedly, share more genetical material than for example Chinese. And China is a single nation. - Friday, January 15, 2010 2:39:00 am
- Morhangeois said...
LT -French
RT -Slovene
LB -Portugal
RB -Irish - Friday, January 15, 2010 6:48:00 am
- Der Frost said...
(from first look, no peeping on others' comments)
TL - Arab (surely not from the European mainland)
TR - Irish of English
BL - Portuguese
BR - German - Friday, January 15, 2010 11:08:00 am
- velvetgunther said...
When are the answers coming? This is great fun. Actually, now that I read the others' comments and notice the colours of their shirts, I think top left is Arab. These are composites of football teams, right?
- Friday, January 15, 2010 3:43:00 pm
- eurologist said...
These are composites of football teams, right?
Pssssht! - Friday, January 15, 2010 4:44:00 pm
- Maju said...
Actually, now that I read the others' comments and notice the colours of their shirts, I think top left is Arab.
Or Brazilian? - Friday, January 15, 2010 6:42:00 pm
- AWood said...
TL: Iberian, but I think could pass as dark phenotyped West European.
TR: Slavic or Balkan
BL: Greek, has some Near East elements
BR: German/Austrian, slight East Euro element - Friday, January 15, 2010 8:47:00 pm
- Jack said...
The problem is that static pictures are deceiving.
Even worse I find the hairline and the fuzzy hair of these composites confusing at times.
The pictures have different background colors, etc.
So, it's really half guesswork.
I wouldn't be too suprised if they were all Nigerians. - Friday, January 15, 2010 9:09:00 pm
- velvetgunther said...
Great! I didn't get a single one right! But bottom right is quite surprising, I could have sworn that guy was Dutch.
- Sunday, January 17, 2010 5:02:00 pm
- Maju said...
Same here for the Hungarian (the others I got quite right). I have the archetype of the Hungarian man as short, alpinoid, large nosed pipe-smoker guy... but seems I was focusing in some particular variant and not the average.
One thing I've learned in this exercise is that the Nordoid typology has a quite marked penetration in the Danubian basin, as both the Hungarian and the Rumanian were the hardest to guess to me. In both cases I pointed further north, though the similitude between the Polish and the Rumanian is striking - what excuses my earlier error. - Sunday, January 17, 2010 6:10:00 pm
- Jack said...
Well, I did say that the TL was not European looking.
As for the Hungarian I thought he looked somewhat Gernmanic although I didn't say so.
I have met very few Hungarians personally however from what I have seen I agree that Hungary is a possible option for the BR face. - Sunday, January 17, 2010 7:21:00 pm
- eurologist said...
Well, the bottom right doesn't look like any Hungarian I have ever met, but he does look a bit like a mixture between Hungarians/ middle-S/E Europeans and Austrians. Which may just mean that these composites achieve more of a homogenization than is present in actual life.
- Monday, January 18, 2010 6:31:00 am
- Marnie said...
Any thought of presenting these facial averages in a more specific way?
In some countries, there seem to be regional differences in facial "looks" and haplogroupings.
I am wondering if you can see that in these pictures.
For instance, what is the facial difference between a Scot from an R1b vs. R1a dominated region? What is the average facial difference between a Northern and Southern Greek or a Northwestern or Northeastern Greek?
Interestingly enough, there seems to be a significant facial difference from a Spaniard and a Portuguese. Is it possible to further resolve the facial differences in Spaniards? (Euskaran speaker vs Spanish, for instance.)
I realize this might be getting into dangerous territory, but still fascinating. - Monday, January 18, 2010 6:44:00 am
- Maju said...
I am wondering if you can see that in these pictures.
I presume that if you make regionalized blends you should see some of them. But as mentioned by Ebizur, the averaged face does not need to be the same as the most common type(s) of face. It's just a forced composite.
It may give some idea but that's about it.
Also I recall a composite exercis by Dienekes some time ago, where he compared north and south Italians of three professional groups (with public profile): soccer players (males), fashion models (females) and politicians (males). The most curious thing was that in spite of some N/S differences the composites looked more alike by profession than by any other measure. Footballers and politicians looked like two totally different populations in fact (not counting some expected variants like age and use of glasses). Italian footballers had long faces while politicians had round faces, making a very clear difference along not ethnic or geographic lines but professional ones. Of course models also looked much like the same unreal girl all the time as well. - Monday, January 18, 2010 8:42:00 am
- eurologist said...
As a soccer player, with the exception of a few positions, it is advantageous to be at least around 180cm tall (taller for the goalie and center defense). My guess is that if you take that as a criterion, especially in mid-to-southern Italy, you are already taking quite a limited selection of the general population - perhaps with more northern or Croatian background, for example.
- Monday, January 18, 2010 9:59:00 am
- eurologist said...
So, to further comment on the feasibility and consequences of averaging over an entire country - consider Germany. If you ever had the opportunity to visit it, you'll have notice that Germans in Schleswig-Holstein look awfully like Danes, those in the extreme NW like Dutch, those in the Southern Rhineland and Baden-Wuertemberg like the adjacent Alsatian/French and Swiss, and so on. Which is understandable, but also seems to make it futile to try to derive one type over more than a specific region.
Below are some random examples for your amusement(note that in the group pictures, not all people are of regional descent, nor even ethnically German). You may want to stretch the pop-up window for easier reading and copying and pasting.
NW Germany (Netherlands - Frisia - Northern Lower Saxony)
SW Germany (Baden-Wuertemberg)
South-Central East Germany (NE Bavaria - Thuringia - Saxony; I fall into this type)
Joachim Merkel (Angela's husband): http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Joachim_Sauer.jpg
Michael Ballack: http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_kuvr7k2RFf1qzhwcq.jpg
Bernd Schröder (Coach 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam): http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/de/c/c7/BerndSchr%C3%B6der2008.jpg
...and some Slavic features close to the Czech Republic:
http://www.elsterbergerbc.de/bilder/home/img/web%20ebc.jpg - Monday, January 18, 2010 11:25:00 am
- Marnie said...
Thanks for putting up some facial averages for Germany. It will be fun to study these.
Yes, Germany and France obviously have quite obvious regional differences with some people still knowing of their native region.
Again, thanks for taking the time to put up these averages. (I have a number of French and German friends and it will be fun to try to figure out into which group they might fit.)
And, as noted above, it's some of the unusual features of a population that make it so interesting. The big noses, stick out ears, close set eyes and over bites. Somehow, we still manage to be somewhat attractive in spite of these idiosyncrasies. - Tuesday, January 19, 2010 7:06:00 am
- eurologist said...
Just to clarify: the links I posted are of course not averages - just images I found that come close to my observation of some regional types.
In many countries I find that there are some "typical" features and faces, but in specific regions you'll find huge variations and deviations from the expected "norm." That's what I meant above: real life seems to be able to maintain a significant variety, some of that perhaps ancient features, rather than tending to homogenization.
Last not least, nutrition also plays a huge role. I can even observe in my own family that in past generations (poorer nutrition), skulls seemed more angled at the forehead or less tall, and shorter with a taller, straighter back. Whereas I have an occipital bun a Neanderthal could be proud of - to the extent that in some very new cars, the headrest bothers me... ;) - Tuesday, January 19, 2010 11:21:00 am
- Marnie said...
Thanks eurologist:
I had a good look at your photos.
Given my background, over the years, I've always been curious to observe the subtle differences in people's faces.
So I would agree with you that between these four regions, Northern Germany, Southwest Germany, Southeast Germany and close to the Czech border, there is a significant difference in hair color and facial appearance.
(Even though we have to admit to a small sample size.)
The most obvious difference is the greater degree of blondism in the North. Kinda obvious, hey?
Interestingly, there is subtle but perceptible difference between Southwest Germany and Saxony. I can't quite put my finger on it.
Most amusing to me were how similar some of Southwest German pictures appear to be similar to people from the British Isles. (Medium to dark brown straight hair sometimes in combination with blue eyes, slight upper body, tall, long legged, narrow nose bridge and long neck.
Oddly enough, I've also observed this particular look in the mountains of Northern Greece, although the blue eye brown hair thing is less common.
(I'm Canadian, Scottish by origin.)
I see a lot of red haired Germans here in San Francisco. Red hair is also quite common in Scotland. I didn't see much red hair in your pictures, but I was wondering where in Germany that is most prevalent?
I agree with you about nutrition. My husband was born in Philadelphia, but his parents were born in Greece. They grew up during the war and Greek civil war. My husband is 204cm in height, while his father and uncle are about 183 cms. The main difference in height comes from longer legs.
Finally, I have been to Germany . . . mostly Freiburg, Heidelburg and Munich. Something that really captivates me about that area is the skill of the stone masons. There is also great stone building ability in Greece, by the way. I think you would be quite captivated if you every travelled to the Zagoria.
Again, thank you for posting the pictures. It was most generous of you. - Friday, January 22, 2010 8:51:00 pm
- eurologist said...
Interestingly, there is subtle but perceptible difference between Southwest Germany and Saxony. I can't quite put my finger on it.
Yes, there is some type in Saxony/Thuringia that does not exist elsewhere quite like that in Germany, nor in neighboring Poland or the Czech Republic. This is perhaps at the ~10% level (the remainder look more like the adjacent regions, and quite close to the German "Franks").
Remember, though, that modern-day "Saxony" has absolutely nothing to do with Saxons (it is just named that way, for weird reasons).
Some of the characteristics I find, which may or may not be meaningful:
- straight but unruly hair that is quite wavy or curly when long
- very dark brown to almost black hair as adult (even if quite blond or straw blond as child)
- higher occurrence of brown eyes
- relatively dark skin both with and without sun exposure; quite dark skin (for the latitude) with sun exposure
- tame, kind, friendly, jovial, sometimes chubby-looking face with deeply marked diamond-shaped creases around the mouth
- quite small face (small area between lips and eyes compared to total frontal area)
- smallish nose with relatively broad base and broad lower portion
- sometimes quite full lips
A large fraction of people that come from this region and look like the above and that I either know or know about seem to have a predisposition for:
- painting and drawing
- music (absolute hearing and playing instruments/ singing)
- education/ teaching/ pedagogy
- leading or consoling individuals/ groups
- entrepreneurship
- detail-oriented handicrafts and science
- process versus result orientation
- obsession with information and connections/associations - Saturday, January 23, 2010 12:51:00 pm
- eurologist said...
Couple of other characteristics I forgot:
- above-average width between eyes
- above-average strength - Saturday, January 23, 2010 1:00:00 pm
- Marnie said...
Hi eurologist,
Just reflecting on your comments.
I had another look at the Bernd Schröder picture, since perhaps he fits some of the characteristics that you are describing.
Since I'm Scottish by origin, I decided to run his picture against one of Gordon Brown who I think has an archtypically Scottish face.
The eyes are quite similar, as is the chin.
It's the nose that is so different. And the distance between the top of the mouth and the bottom of the nose.
I've noticed that many people from the British Isles have a longer distance between the top of the mouth and the bottom of the nose.
What does seem to be quite evident is that, wherever we are from, we seem to have very finely attuned powers of observation to discriminate against nearby, but different, ethnic groups.
The Irish, Scottish and English seem to spend a lot of time studying the extremely subtle differences between themselves.
My husband's village in Greece is 50 miles from the Albanian border. Everyone there swears that they can see a difference between Albanians and Greeks, even though I cannot pick this out.
All this fine tuned observation seems to be rather amusing to a Canadian or American, although, to be honest, we do it here too.
Best you you,
marnie - Monday, January 25, 2010 10:40:00 pm
- Maju said...
I've noticed that many people from the British Isles have a longer distance between the top of the mouth and the bottom of the nose.
That's pretty much the archetypal caricature of the English people, along with a lack of chin (see Astérix in Britain for example). :)
I was commenting about it just yesterday in regards to certain History Channel documentary on Alexander the Great, in which the actor had that stereotypical British feature, making the film somewhat unreal for that reason alone.
However I once spotted an Egyptian with that feature. - Monday, January 25, 2010 11:35:00 pm
- Ádám said...
Believe me, the look of Hungarians depend on the regions of Hungary
- Monday, February 08, 2010 5:16:00 pm
- Unknown said...
Both LT and LB stand in good agreement with the israeli type; Israelis with mideast origin have more elongated head aspect ratio. Israelis with north-africa-spain origins have more round head aspect ratio.
- Thursday, October 21, 2010 2:46:00 pm


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Longtime Diebold CEO Swidarski Out After 17 Years
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Reflecting its belief that the member data are becoming increasingly valuable, LinkedIn said Thursday that it intends to raise some prices this year. Setting up a member profile remains free. The price increase reflects the additional information that the company has accumulated as its membership has more than doubled in less than two years, according to Steve Sordello, LinkedIn's chief financial officer. The company provided no specifics on the increases.
LinkedIn earned $11.5 million, or 10 cents per share, during the final three months of last year. That compared to $6.9 million, or 6 cents per share, a year earlier.
If not for the costs of employee stock compensation and certain other charges, LinkedIn said it would have earned 35 cents per share. That was far above the average estimates of 19 cents per share among analysts surveyed by FactSet.
Revenue soared 81 percent from the previous year to $304 million—about $24 million above analyst forecasts.
LinkedIn's revenue outlook for the current quarter and all of 2013 were roughly in line with analyst estimates, setting the stage for the company to clear those financial hurdles once again.
Management's forecast for annual revenue of $1.4 billion this year appears conservative, given that it would translate into an increase of about 45 percent from last year. In 2012, LinkedIn's annual revenue rose 86 percent.
"We are trying to utilize a prudent approach to year-over-year growth," Sordello told analysts during an analyst conference call.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Back to Repair Manual Download Back to Daimler Index Daimler 2.5 V8 Daimler 250 V8 Daimler Sovereign Series 1 Daimler Sovereign Series 2 Daimler Sovereign Series 3
We are real people and although we do not offer technical advice we do answer all enquires daily so if you have any questions, please use our customer service form
This workshop manual is the most comprehensive manual available for repairing and maintaining your Daimler Sovereign Series 3.
Suitable for the home workshop mechanic or professional technician this manual will help you repair and maintain your XJ. Very easy step by step instructions with lots of diagrams.
The manual is suitable for the following models made between 1979-1987:
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All our repair manuals are in PDF format. Some of the larger files are zipped (.ZIP). For .ZIP files you will require an unzip program (like Win Zip). If you don't have a zip program on your computer, you can download a free version of Win Zip here. If you do not have a PDF reader on your computer you can download Adobe PDF reader free from this link Adobe PDF Reader
PLEASE save the repair manual to your hard drive, memory stick or cd.


text: The Intro font family consists of 50 unique font styles and weights. The family is characterized by excellent legibility both in print and on the web, a well-finished geometric design, optimized kerning, etc. Intro is most suitable for headlines of all sizes, but it does well in a variety of text lengths as well. The font's various styles give it the versatility necessary to meet any type of graphic design challenge — web, print, motion graphics, etc. — and make it perfect for t-shirts, posters, and logos.


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Welcome to Dragon Cave! Dragon Cave is an online adoptables game. Collect eggs, raise them to adulthood, and then breed them to create interesting lineages. New dragons are added regularly!
Because of their dual personalities, Duotone Dragons are extremely nervous and indecisive. When confronted, it is often the case that one head wants to fight while the other wants to run, resulting in the dragon trying to go in two directions at once. They are omnivorous, choosing to eat both vegetation and meat—although perhaps this is just another outcome of their indecisiveness.
Both heads can control the body, with each head having only marginal control on the opposing side of the body; this works when both halves want the same thing, but does not work as well when there is a disagreement. Despite this, Duotone Dragons can fly quite well, but can crash through the trees if one head becomes distracted.
Duotone Dragons can fight, using their large claws and heavy face plates to rend and bash their opponents.
Dragons are highly-intelligent reptilian creatures that—from a human perspective, at least—appear to live forever. Many different varieties of dragon exist, each with their own unique qualities, habitats, and behavior. Adolescence in dragons is usually marked by the growth of a hatchling's wings, although not all breeds of dragons grow wings and some breeds have other traits that indicate the beginning of maturation. In Galsreim, dragons and humans coexist peacefully.
Two-headed dragons are unique enough to deserve a separate classification from ordinary dragons. They have two necks, two brains, two mouths, but one stomach and one main body. The two heads usually work together, but there are times when they will fight each other, snapping back and forth. Their unique anatomy prevents them from breeding with single-headed dragons.


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BMW Service.
Quality, efficiency and innovation: the three cornerstones of the vehicle-maintenance expertise delivered by BMW Service - today and tomorrow. Even before a new BMW model enters production, our engineers develop innovative, convenient and driver-focussed service features that ensure that every BMW automobile is able to perform at its very best, year after year. We are committed to providing you with first-class service that delivers best-in-class care for your vehicle, and an uncompromising driving experience.


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The Elder Scrolls:Skyrim Amulet of Talos Limited Edition Necklace
Price includes all taxes and shipping
Limited to 9,995 worldwide
Individually numbered
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Price includes all taxes and shipping
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For most countries, shipping is totally free! Typically, First Class Royal Mail arrives the next working day, but this is not a guaranteed service and may take longer. Special Delivery or courier services will be delivered next working day. International shipments are estimated at taking 10-15 working days to arrive, but can take longer (for example, if your package is delayed by your country's customs).
Deliveries can take longer to arrive at busy periods, such as Christmas, or during emergency situations such as the coronavirus pandemic.
At Merchoid we source the highest quality merch to ensure our customers are always happy. If you're not happy with the quality of our products you can return the product up to 100 days for a full refund. UK return shipping is free; international orders are not.
Yes! Merchoid is an award-winning company with seven years' internet retail experience. It's also full of real, live, (friendly!) humans. You can find out more on our About Us page.
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Returns can be made for any reason: faulty goods, incorrect sizing or the item is just not as expected. We will offer refund or replacement on receipt of the original item.
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This cutie pie isn't the new ram lamb we picked up yesterday at a friend's farm, but I sure was tempted to scoop it into my arms and take it home (along with the other twenty that were racing around). There's nothing more amusing to watch than a pack of little piglets. Except maybe a rolling donkey.
A year of Daily Photos ago: The Hornets Have Been Busy
© FarmgirlFare.com


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Rosenberg, Mordecai (Mark)
Unmarked Grave
Status: Located
Bath Jewish Burial Ground, Somerset, 1. England, UK
Notes: Extract from JTrails with the kind permission of, and copyright to Marcus Roberts: The Bath Jewish Cemetery was founded in 1815 and its title deed dates from 1820. Within its walls lie the Jewish people of old Bath. What is unusual is that there are no memorials to Jewish mayors or councilors, or folk with other distinctions or celebrity. The inhabitants of the cemetery are as low-key in death, as they were largely in life, and this gives as good an idea of the quiet ambiance of Jewish life in the city as any. Within there are about 50 tombstones, contained in several rows of stones; the majority are uprights, but there are five chest and horizontal tombs. Many of the tombstones have bi-lingual inscriptions, though a number are only in Hebrew. The overall styles of the stones reflect local Christian styles and indeed local (Christian) monumental mason have placed their company name on the margin of some of the stones. Twenty-nine of the tombstones date from before 1901. For more information see: http://www.jtrails.org.uk/trails/bath and also http://www.bathjewishcemetery.org.uk/ **** Headstone photos - Incomplete General views of the cemetery can be found here If you have any photos you would like to donate to the CemeteryScribes please Contact Us THANK YOU!! ****


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MLK's "content of character" quote inspires debate
"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character."
This sentence spoken by the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. has been quoted countless times as expressing one of America's bedrock values, its language almost sounding like a constitutional amendment on equality.
Yet today, 50 years after King shared this vision during his most famous speech, there is considerable disagreement over what it means.
The quote is used to support opposing views on politics, affirmative action and programs intended to help the disadvantaged. Just as the words of the nation's founders are parsed for modern meanings on guns and abortion, so are King's words used in debates over the proper place of race in America.
As we mark the King holiday, what might he ask of us in a time when both the president and a disproportionate number of people in poverty are black? Would King have wanted us to completely ignore race in a "color-blind" society? To consider race as one of many factors about a person? And how do we discern character?
For at least two of King's children, the future envisioned by the father has yet to arrive.
"I don't think we can ignore race," says Martin Luther King III.
"What my father is asking is to create the climate where every American can realize his or her dreams," he says. "Now what does that mean when you have 50 million people living in poverty?"
Bernice King doubts her father would seek to ignore differences.
"When he talked about the beloved community, he talked about everyone bringing their gifts, their talents, their cultural experiences," she says. "We live in a society where we may have differences, of course, but we learn to celebrate these differences."
The meaning of King's monumental quote is more complex today than in 1963 because "the unconscious signals have changed," says the historian Taylor Branch, author of the acclaimed trilogy "America in the King Years."
Fifty years ago, bigotry was widely accepted. Today, Branch says, even though prejudice is widely denounced, many people unconsciously pre-judge others.
"Unfortunately race in American history has been one area in which Americans kid themselves and pretend to be fair-minded when they really are not," says Branch, whose new book is "The King Years: Historic Moments in the Civil Rights Movement."
Branch believes that today, King would ask people of all backgrounds - not just whites - to deepen their patriotism by leaving their comfort zones, reaching across barriers and learning about different people.
"To remember that we all have to stretch ourselves to build the ties that bind a democracy, which really is the source of our strength," Branch says.
- MLK III "honored" Obama will take oath on father's Bible
- Marthin Luther King Jr. balcony opens to public for 1st time in years
- Complete coverage: President Obama's Second Inauguration
Bernice King says her father is asking us "to get to a place - we're obviously not there - but to get to a place where the first thing that we utilize as a measurement is not someone's external designation, but it really is trying to look beyond that into the substance of a person in making certain decisions, to rid ourselves of those kinds of prejudices and biases that we often bring to decisions that we make."
That takes a lot of "psychological work," she says, adding, "He's really challenging us."
For many conservatives, the modern meaning of King's quote is clear: Special consideration for one racial or ethnic group is a violation of the dream.
The quote is like the Declaration of Independence, says Roger Clegg, president of the Center for Equal Opportunity, a conservative think tank that studies race and ethnicity. In years past, he says, America may have needed to grow into the words, but today they must be obeyed to the letter.
"The Declaration of Independence says all men are created equal," Clegg says. "Nobody thinks it doesn't really mean what it says because Thomas Jefferson owned slaves. King gave a brilliant and moving quotation, and I think it says we should not be treating people differently on the basis of skin color."
Many others agree. King's quote has become a staple of conservative belief that "judged by the color of their skin" includes things such as unique appeals to certain voter groups, reserving government contracts for Hispanic-owned businesses, seeking more non-white corporate executives, or admitting black students to college with lower test scores.
In the latest issue of the Weekly Standard magazine, the quote appears in the lead of a book review titled "The Price Was High: Affirmative Action and the Betrayal of a Colorblind Society."
Considering race as a factor in affirmative action keeps the wounds of slavery and Jim Crow "sore and festering. It encourages beneficiaries to rely on ethnicity rather than self-improvement to get ahead," wrote the author, George Leef.
Last week, the RightWingNews.com blog included "The idea that everyone should be judged by the content of their character, not the color of their skin" in a list of "25 People, Places and Things Liberals Love to Hate."
"Conservatives feel they have embraced that quote completely. They are the embodiment of that quote but get no credit for doing it," says the author of the article, John Hawkins. "Liberals like the idea of the quote because it's the most famous thing Martin Luther King said, but they left the principles behind the quote behind a long time ago."
In October, after black actress Stacey Dash was attacked for switching her support from President Barack Obama to Mitt Romney, she said she chose Romney "not by the color of his skin but the content of his character."
Clegg acknowledges that it can be difficult today for some people to resist jumping to conclusions based on skin color.
He says past discrimination resulted in fewer opportunities for African-Americans, which increased poverty, unemployment, and other social pathologies in the black community. "Then white people say, what did we tell you, that's the way these people are," Clegg says. "It's wrong, people shouldn't do it, but it's going to happen."
Yet as we discipline ourselves not to pre-judge African-Americans, Clegg says, we cannot forget that King asked us to judge character. That means taking actions such as reducing the high rate of black children born to unmarried parents and placing more value on education, he says.
"I don't think King would neglect the `content of their character' side today," he says.
"You have to break the vicious cycle from both ends. People have to do their best not to use stereotypes, but at the same time, people have to not live up to them."
Some doubt we will ever be able to ignore what a person looks like.
"To ignore color is to ignore reality," says Lewis Baldwin, an Alabama native who marched in the civil rights movement and now teaches courses on King at Vanderbilt University.
"Dr. King understood that we all see we are different. You accept color differences, affirm them, celebrate them, but don't allow them to become a barrier to human community," said Baldwin, author of a new King book, "In A Single Garment of Destiny: A Global Vision of Justice."
Yet Martin Luther King III believes that one day we will be able to live every word of his father's dream.
"I think my father's vision was that we should at some point have a colorblind society," he says. "He always was challenging us to be the best nation we could be."


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It was a sunny day but the wind chill meant that hats and layers were required but it was a beautiful day:
We were the only family on the walk out of nearly 30 hikers, such a shame as a 6 mile walk with not too steep climbs was perfect for children aged 6 and up. My children quickly adopted adults to walk with at the front of the group whilst I pootled along at the back taking photographs!
After all this dry weather it was nice walking on non muddy paths. There were a few close encounters with the local residents though:
It was a nicely varied route with sunken lanes and woods as well as the open fields:
When we got up high their were marvellous views back to the Kentmere Horseshoe and the Lakeland Fells:
There were plenty of interesting things to spot on the way from tree stumps:
Or old lime kilns:
It was nice to stop for our coffee break though:
and a variety of stiles to climb:
or squeeze through:


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Healthy Juicer Giveaway Time!!
"The Lexen Healthy Juicer is an amazing easy and effective wheatgrass and leafy green juicer, making it the most popular on the market."
If you win, I will ask you to email me your name and address so I can forward it to the 877MyJuicer.com representative and they will ship the juicer immediately. There can only be one winner, and the winner must be in the USA (I'm so sorry, my dearest international readers!) The contest ends Wednesday, February 11th at 12:00 am CST.
We all know how juicing is so good for us and it gives us lots of energy and power and all that good stuff. But what if it gave us SUPERpowers?!
So, to enter the contest, leave a comment answering this question:
If juicing turned you into a superhero, what would your superpower be? Flying? Super strength? Invisibility? Time-travel? The ability to get your cats to actually do what you want every now and then? Don't be afraid to let your superpower get as wacky as you want, or as simple as you want.
If you already have a juicer, or you are extremely generous, or don't live in the US, you can still play and nominate another blogger instead. Just make sure they know you have entered them in the contest. So, say you live in Narnia and can't enter the contest, you can still leave a comment (don't forget your superpower!) and nominate a buddy from the US.
My lovely lurkers, please feel free to come out and play! :)
I could never pick a winner myself, so I will be using one of those random number generator thingies to pick a winner. I will however showcase the most creative superpowers on my future posts, just for fun.
Good luck to everyone!
UPDATE: I'm stealing this idea from Ricki - if you mention my giveaway on your blog and link back to this post you get an extra entry! Just leave another comment on this post to give me a heads up.


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Direct Cremation Northwich £850 - Low-Cost Budget Funeral Service.
Are you searching for a simple, low-cost, direct cremation funeral service in Northwich?
At Cremation Funeral, we provide the lowest cost funeral option available from any funeral home in the UK. Our direct cremation is priced at just £850 with no hidden fees and is open to residents in Northwich.
No hidden fees, our inclusive charge of £850 under normal circumstances covers everything required.
Our funeral directors can provide residents in Northwich with a simple, budget, direct cremation service as a cheaper alternative to an expensive all-inclusive funeral.
Our simple cremation service is designed to provide an affordable solution for those residents in Northwich who are on a budget while still maintaining a high level of dignity and care for the deceased.
We provide our package directly from our funeral home (read more about our funeral home here) to bereaved families in Northwich and across the UK.
Are you searching for a low-cost dignified Cremation Service?
Bereaved families often express their anxieties and concerns over the increasing cost of funerals. With this in mind, we developed a simple, low-cost cremation service to provide families in Northwich with an affordable budget non-attendance service that is simplistic enough to reduce the costs involved in a cremation funeral significantly.
What does a low-cost funeral plan consist of?
- Assistance and advice on registration.
- Arrangement by telephone.
- Pay the doctor's fees on your behalf.
- Transport your loved one into our care from a hospital, hospice (or a Funeral Directors) to our premises.
- Dignified care of your loved one at all times.
- Transportation to our local crematorium by Funeral Director/necessary staff on the day.
- Includes the Crematorium fee.
- When requested, a short service consists of prayer and bible reading by the funeral director at the Cremation.
- Return of ashes to relatives.
Our Funeral Home Office
If you are searching for the lowest cost direct cremation funeral service available to Northwich residents and require more information on our service, don't hesitate to contact us or phone us at 01299 828771.


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Throughout 2023, HSJ has strived to make sense of the major challenges and trends for the health service.
With a HSJ subscription you'll unlock:
HSJ is part of Wilmington Healthcare Limited. Company number 2530185. c/o Wilmington plc, 5th Floor, 10 Whitechapel High Street, London E1 8QS. Registered in England and Wales. Company registration 30158470
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New Eco-Kid on the Block: Corn Countertops
They just keep coming up with innovative new materials for countertop construction; the days of choosing between cheap linoleum and luxury marble are over, that's for sure. Now there are a range of countertop products available, including those made from a variety of natural materials, concrete, recycled products, and more. The latest entry on the list is especially interesting, though: it's a countertop made from corn.
Yes, you read that right. Corn is actually quite a useful building material in addition to a food product, and it crops up in the production of a wide range of products. It's especially useful in recyclable and compostable materials like cups that break down in industrial composting facilities, as a natural product that can be used to make plastics, resins, and related products. Corn's popularity as a material is only growing, and it's not surprising to see it making its way into the home, too.
In strict point of fact, corn isn't actually the primary ingredient, but it's one of them, and it's playing an important role in the development of ecologically friendly, yet attractive and durable, countertop options for kitchens, bathrooms, and work areas in laundry rooms. Corn countertops are on par with their counterparts made from other materials in terms of estimated lifetime, and they can be very attractive, coming in a wide range of styles to accommodate different aesthetics and kitchen designs. Consumers designing a new home or considering a remodel have yet another green home option to consider when they're evaluating their countertop choices.
Multiple firms are working with corn, using it to make a resin that holds other post-consumer products together. For example, the RecycleTop by KlipTech is made from recycled paper bound with a resin made with corn and cashews. If you're hesitant to put paper in your kitchen, don't worry: it's thoroughly sealed into the resin, making for a beautiful surface that won't absorb water. It comes in several colors including a rich black and a beautiful coffee tone.
Meanwhile, Eco by Consentino is working with corn resins and recycled glass in its products, which come in an array of colors and two finishes, a matt and glossy. It can be costly, but for those interested in a unique and environmentally-friendly countertop, these corn countertops are definitely worth checking out. This product is available in a number of nations, too!
To install corn countertops, you'll need to work with a green contractor who's familiar with these products or willing to give them a try with your project. Make sure to look at samples first so you can determine which color and finish is right for you, and get a thorough project estimate for installation. Your contractor will want to meet with a plumber to discuss placement of sinks and the best integration of plumbing and counter. From New York sleek to flashy Miami, contractors can help you achieve the look and feel you want.
There's a bonus to using corn counters beyond the opportunity to have a conversation piece in the kitchen and feel good about using green building materials. You may be able to receive incentives and tax breaks for using certified green materials in your construction, especially if it's part of a larger green design project. This is especially true for businesses, as they can compete for certifications of their locations to get government recognition that may entitle them to tax offsets as well as excellent opportunities for public relations.
You can talk to a green design firm about the financial incentives available for working with environmentally-friendly materials. Tax credits and other benefits change from year to year, so be aware that your project may have a time constraint if you want to qualify for certain incentives. Expert consultants in this kind of work can help you get the most assistance with green building projects without compromising your aesthetic dreams or budget.
If corn is just too weird for you, don't worry. There are lots of other building materials on the market including a range of products for counters. Thanks to the fact that they're such a key component of room design and the home, they're an area of particular interest for manufacturers working on products with environmental appeal.
Katie Marks writes for Networx.com.
Looking for a Pro? Call us(866) 441-6648


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RoadsideThoughts |
A Gazetteer for the United States and Canada |
Home >> State of Alabama >> Chambers County >> LaFayette >> Miscellaneous | Index... |
Miscellaneous InformationVarious Identification Codes ...GNIS Codes ...The U.S. Board on Geographic Names (BGN) was created to address the problems caused by spelling and naming variations. The BGN will usually recognize an existing name or, when necessary, chose a new name for a geographic feature (such as a mountain, lake, river, stream, city, town, village, dam, bridge, etc). The BGN names are kept in a database called the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) and it is the official Federal repository. The GNIS is operated and maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). A unique and permanent numeric identifier has been assigned for each name in the GNIS database. These names and identifiers are definitive and it is intended that they are to be used by all departments of the Federal Government: GNIS ID for LaFayette: 2404846 GNIS ID for Chambers County: 161534 GNIS ID for Alabama: 1779775 FIPS Codes ...In a past effort, various federal agencies created a set of codes with a purpose similar to the GNIS codes. These codes are called the Federal Information Processing Standard (or the FIPS 55 codes). Although they are still used by some organizations, the FIPS codes are obsolete and will ultimately be replaced by the GNIS codes. The following FIPS codes apply to LaFayette:
Since the Place and County FIPS codes are not unique and can be repeated in other States, it's necessary to combine the State code with the Place and County FIPS codes to uniquely identify them - for example:
As already mentioned, the FIPS codes are to be replaced by the GNIS codes. The following reflect those changes:
GPS Location - GNIS vs Census ...An important aspect of the GNIS code is that it assigns a GPS location (the latitude/longitude) to the geographic feature. This location is simply a point on the map and does not represent the size or shape of the feature. In the case of LaFayette, it is a point within LaFayette that might be a post office, the city hall or simply an intersection - the point should really be considered arbitrary and only indicating a general location. For LaFayette, the GNIS GPS location is given as: Lat: 32° 53' 58" (or 32.9°) Lon: -85° 24' 2" (or -85.4°) Determined by its statistical needs, the Census Bureau has defined a sampling area for LaFayette - this area also contains a map point. As with the GNIS code, the location of the Census point should be considered as being arbitrary within the sampling area. For LaFayette, the Census 2010 GPS location is given as: Lat: 32° 53' 57" (or 32.9°) Lon: -85° 24' 2" (or -85.4°) The map point defined by the Census Bureau lies 65.8 feet to the southwest<1> of the point given by the GNIS (see above). You might note that the GPS location given for the 2010 Census is different than the location that was specified by the 2000 Census: Lat: 32° 53' 54" (or 32.9°) Lon: -85° 24' 2" (or -85.4°) The GPS location given for the 2000 Census lies 311.7 feet to the south<2> of the point given by the 2010 Census. Regional Codes ...For statistical purposes, the US Census Bureau has divided the country into four Regions. LaFayette is located in Region #3 (the South Region). In turn, the US Census Bureau has further divided each Region into Divisions. LaFayette is located in Division #6 (the East South-Central Division). The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has created ten Federal Regions. LaFayette is located in Region IV (Region 4). The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has created ten Management Regions. LaFayette is located in Region IV (Region 4). ZIP Codes ...While some people have used a ZIP code to identify a community, the purpose of the ZIP code was to make mail delivery more efficient by grouping addresses together. Although the ZIP Code doesn't specifically identify a city like LaFayette, it does identify addresses that are in (or near) LaFayette. It's important to remember that the boundaries of a ZIP Code are defined by the needs of the USPS and can be changed, re-assigned or overlapped with other ZIP Codes. The ZIP code for LaFayette: 36862<3> Referenced GNIS Records ...GNIS ID #164071 (Name of Record: Lafayette) Class: populated place A place or area having clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent population (such as a city, settlement, town or village). The boundaries may or may not coincide with the perceived population. A 'populated place' record may have a corresponding 'census' or 'civil' record. The information contained in the 'populated place' record applies only to the class and should not be confused with either the 'census' and 'civil' classes. County: Chambers Map Name: Lafayette Lat: 32.8998485 Lon: -85.4010593 Elev: 257 ft. GNIS ID #2404846 (Name of Record: City of La Fayette) Class: civil A political division formed for administrative purposes (such as a borough, county, incorporated place, parish, town or township). A 'civil' record may have a corresponding 'census' or 'populated place' record. The information contained in the 'civil' record applies only to the class and should not be confused with either the 'census' and 'populated place' classes. County: Chambers Map Name: Lafayette Lat: 32.8995829 Lon: -85.400687 Elev: 257 ft. Referenced FIPS Records ...FIPS Code: 01/40672 (Place Name: Lafayette) County: Chambers (FIPS State/County: 01/017) Class: C1 Identifies an incorporated place (ie- LaFayette) that does not serve as a primary county division - or in other words, it is included in and is part of a primary county division (ie- Chambers County). GSA Code: 1820 MRF Code: 1000 Off-the-Road Links ...Unfortunately, we don't know of a website for LaFayette. If you can help, please contact us through our Feedback Page. The official website for Chambers County: www.chamberscounty.com/ The official website for State of Alabama: https://www.alabama.gov/ The official website of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names (BGN) The official website of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) The official website of the U.S. Census Bureau The official website of the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) The official website of the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Footnotes ...
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If you are either getting a first glance at www.mvnForum.com web site or trying to figure out how to add a great new feature to the existing architecture, this is the place to come to figure out how to do what you need to. | |
Introduction to mvnForum - | |
Installation Help - Help on installing mvnForum | |
User's Guide | |
Admin's Guide - Help for administering mvnForum. Setting up groups, users, and forums | |
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) | |
If by some strange twist of fate the online documentation cannot guide you to your answer, check the carefully compiled list of frequently asked questions (FAQ) to see if someone has come before you with the same question. The answers to the questions (and the very questions themselves) were gathered from the forum posts at mvnForum.com web site and other similar resources. | |
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Dr. Vernon Smith
Smith Institute for Political Economy and Philosophy
- Education:
- California Institute of Technology, Bachelor of Science
University of Kansas, Master of Arts
Harvard University, Ph.D.
Dr. Vernon L. Smith was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2002 for his groundbreaking work in experimental economics. Dr. Smith has joint appointments with the Argyros School of Business & Economics and the Fowler School of Law, and he is part of a team that will create and run the new Economic Science Institute at Chapman.
Dr. Smith has authored or co-authored more than 375 articles and books on capital theory, finance, natural resource economics and experimental economics. He serves or has served on the board of editors of the American Economic Review, The Cato Journal, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, the Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Science, Economic Theory, Economic Design, Games and Economic Behavior, and the Journal of Economic Methodology. He is past president of the Public Choice Society, the Economic Science Association, the Western Economic Association and the Association for Private Enterprise Education. Previous faculty appointments include the University of Arizona, Purdue University, Brown University, the University of Massachusetts, and George Mason University, where he was a Professor of Economics and Law prior to joining the faculty at Chapman University. Dr. Smith has been a Ford Foundation Fellow, Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences and a Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Scholar at the California Institute of Technology.
In 1991, the Cambridge University Press published Dr. Smith's Papers in Experimental Economics, and in 2000, a second collection of more recent papers, Bargaining and Market Behavior. Cambridge published his Rationality in Economics: Constructivist and Ecological Forms in January 2008. Dr. Smith has received an honorary Doctor of Management degree from Purdue University, and is a Fellow of the Econometric Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Dr. Smith is a distinguished fellow of the American Economic Association, an Andersen Consulting Professor of the Year, and the 1995 Adam Smith Award recipient conferred by the Association for Private Enterprise Education. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1995, and received CalTech's distinguished alumni award in 1996. He has served as a consultant on the privatization of electric power in Australia and New Zealand and participated in numerous private and public discussions of energy deregulation in the United States. In 1997 he served as a Blue Ribbon Panel Member, National Electric Reliability Council.
Dr. Smith completed his undergraduate degree in electrical engineering at the California Institute of Technology, his master's degree in economics at the University of Kansas, and his Ph.D. in economics at Harvard University.
Courses Taught:
Spontaneous Order and the Law.
Recent Selected Publications:
ADAM SMITH'S THEORY OF SOCIETY: The Rules that Have Created Better Societies Did So by Creating Better Lives published by Palgrave MacMillan Nature (coming soon).
Chase, B., Porter, D., Shen, Y., & Smith, V. (2023). Complements and substitutes in a dynamic consumption-asset economy: A laboratory experiment. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 0–0. https://doi.org/10.3934/dcdss.2023142
Inoua, S., & Smith, V.L. (2022). ECONOMICS OF MARKETS Neoclassical Theory, Experiments, and Theory of Price Discovery. Chaim, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan Springer Nature.
Inoua, S. M., & Smith, V. L. (2022). Economics of markets: Neoclassical theory, experiments, and theory of classical price discovery. Palgrave Macmillan.
Huber, J., Inoua, S., Kerschbamer, R., König-Kersting, C., Palan, S., & Smith, V. L. "Nobel and novice: Author prominence affects peer review." ESI Working Paper 22-15.
Smith, V. L. "300 anniversary of Smith's birth." ESI Working Paper 22-09.
Inoua, S.M. & Smith, V.L. "Perishable Goods versus Re-tradable Assets: A Theoretical Reappraisal of a Fundamental Dichotomy" ESI Working Paper 22-01.
Inoua, S.M. & Smith, V.L. "Re-tradable Assets, Speculation, and Economic Instability." ESI Working Paper 21-21.
Inoua, S.M. & Smith, V.L. "Classical Theory of Competitive Market Price Formation." ESI Working Paper 21-09.
Campbell, M.J. & Smith, V.L. "An Elementary Humanomics Approach to Boundedly Rational Quadratic Models." ESI Working Paper 20-35.
Inoua, S. & Smith, V.L. (2021). Classical versus neoclassical equilibrium discovery processes in market supply and demand theory. History of Political Economy, 54(1), 37-73. https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-9548323
Smith, V. L. (2020). Trust, reciprocity, and social history: New pathways of learning when max U (own reward) fails decisively. ESI Working Paper 20-28.
Smith, Vernon L. "The Economy Will Survive the Coronavirus Don't despair. Even amid the doom and gloom there are many things to be glad about." Wall Street Journal April 5, 2020 12:16 pm ET Submitted as "A Season and Time for Learning."
Smith, Vernon L. "Coronavirus Economy: Reports of an Economic Crash Have Been Greatly Exaggerated
"The economy today lives in suspense, not free-fall. The pandemic will pass. Supply chains will refill. Securities markets will recover, and growth will continue." USA Today, March 23, 2020
Smith, Vernon L. "Causal versus Consequential Motives in Mental Models of Agent Social and Economic Action: Experiments, and the Neoclassical Diversion in Economics". Kyklos, 73, 3, 341-379.
Inoua, S.M. & Smith, V.L. (2020). "Classical Economics: Lost and Found," Independent Review, 25, 1.
Recent Creative, Scholarly Work and Publications
"Faith, science and religion." To appear in Eminent Economists II – Their Life and Work Philosophies. (Eds. M. Szenberg and L. Ramrattan). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
"Routledge Revivals" Economics of Natural and Environmental Resources. (Ed. Vernon L. Smith) New York: Routledge (Originally published, 1977 by Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers).
"Transparency, efficiency and the distribution of economic welfare in pass-through investment trust games." With T. A. Rietz, R. M. Sheremeta, T. W. Shields. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 94 pp. 257-267.
"Human economic choices as costly information processing." With J. Dickhaut, B. Xin, A. Rustichini. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 94 pp. 206-221.
"Using Laboratory Experiments in Logistics and Supply Chain Research." With C. Deck. Journal of Business Logistics, 34(1): 6–14.
"Of Houses and Hamburgers," The Daily Beast. April 16, 2013. Available online: http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2013/04/15/the-great-recession-and-the-property-bubble.html
"Adam Smith: From Propriety and Sentiments to Property and Wealth." Forum for Social Economics. July 16, 2013.
"Fiscal consolidation, depreciation, and recovery," With J. Buchanan & S. Gjerstad. Witherspoon Institute, to appear.
"Prosperity and recession: consumption and investment booms in the twenties and their collapse in 1930," With S. Gjerstad. Housing and Mortgage Markets in Historical Perspective (Eds. K. Snowden and E. N. White). Chicago: University of Chicago Press for National Bureau of Economic Research.
"At home in the great recession," With S. Gjerstad. The 4% Solution: Unleashing the Economic Growth America Needs. (Ed. B. Miniter). Chapter 5 (pp. 50-79). Dallas: Crown Publishing Group.
"Underwater recession," With J. A. Buchanan, & S. Gjerstad. The American Interest: Policy, Politics & Culture 12 (5). Available online: http://www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=1229
Risk and the evolution of human exchange," With H. S. Kaplan, E. Schniter & B. J. Wilson. Proceedings of the Royal Society. April 18, 2012.
"Commodity durability, trader specialization, and market performance." With J. Dickhaut, S. Lin, D. Porter. Proceedings National Academy of Science, 109, pp. 1425-30.
"(M)eine Entdeckungsreise," Schweizer Dossier, 994, pp. 48-52. (Translation of the working paper: "The Marketplace: Friend or Foe of Human Betterment? - Insights from laboratory and economy.")
"ObamaCare's Flawed Economic Foundations," Wall Street Journal, March 20, 2012.
"Adam Smith on humanomic behavior," Edited transcript of keynote address, Academy of Behavioral Finance and Economics, UCLA.
"Fair and impartial spectators in experimental economic behavior," With B. J. Wilson. Oxford Philosophical Concepts: Sympathy (Ed. Eric Schliesser). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
"US fiscal stimulus disproportionately increased imports and trade deficit; expect the reverse with austerity," With J.A. Buchanan & S. Gjerstad. Economists' Forum, July 26, 2011. Available online: http://blogs.ft.com/economistsforum/2011/07/the-us-fiscal-stimulus-disproportionately-increased-imports-and-the-trade-deficit-expect-the-reverse-with-austerity/#ixzz1TKHHobR9
"Exchange, Specialization, and Property as a Discovery Process," History of Political Economy 43 (2), pp. 317-337.
"Radio Spectrum and the Disruptive Clarity of Ronald Coase," With T.W. Hazlett & D. Porter. Journal of Law and Economics, 54(4) part 2.
"Are capitalists happier?" With R. Rotunda & B. Wilson. Reuters, August 12, 2011. Available online: http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2011/08/12/are-capitalists-happier/
"The road ahead: insolvency, policy, and economic stress," The Daily Beast. August 15, 2011. Available online: http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2011/08/15/vernon-l-smith-insolvency-policy-and-economic-stress.html
"Exchange, Theft, and the Social Formation of Property," With E. Kimbrough & B. Wilson. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 74(3), p. 206-229.
"Theory and Experiment: What are the questions?" Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 73, pp. 3-15.
"Discovering Economics in the Classroom with Experimental Economics and the Scottish Enlightenment," With T. Jaworski and B. Wilson. International Review of Economics Education, 9 (2) pp. 10-33.
"What would Adam Smith Think?" Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 73, pp. 83-86.
"Housing, Depressions and Credit Collapses," Financial Times, January 24, 2010. Available online: http://blogs.ft.com/economistsforum/2010/01/housing-depressions-and-credit-collapses/
"Disequilibrium in the Housing Market," Newsweek. January 24, 2011. Available online: http://mobile.newsweek.com/s/2499/350?itemUriVal=5987071d402c0ca6e008e54d0b60189e%2F312150228110001676210250&fullStory=true&HeaderTltle=
"What Ben Bernanke May Be Thinking," Wall Street Journal. December 1, 2010.
"Why we're in for a Long, Hard Economic Slog," With S. Gjerstad. Wall Street Journal. September 10, 2010.
"Please, No More Government Spending!" With S. Gjerstad. The Daily Beast, July 19, 2010. Available online: http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2010-07-19/please-no-more-government-spending/
"Monetary Policy, Credit Extension and Housing Bubbles 2008 and 1929," With S. Gjerstad. Critical Review, 21, pp. 260-300.
"Exchange and Specialization as a Discovery Process," with S. Crockett, and B. Wilson. Economic Journal, 119 (539), pp. 1162 – 1188.
"The Design of Water Markets When Instream Flows Have Value," With J. J. Murphy, A. Dindar, R. E. Howitt, and S. J. Rassenti, Journal of Environmental Management, 90 (2), pp. 1089-1096.
"Neuroeconomic Theory of the Decision Process," With J. Dickhaut and A. Rustichini. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (52).
"Pioneers in Finance: Vernon Smith Interview," With T. Odean and B. Simkins, Journal of Applied Finance (Formerly Financial Practice and Education), 18 (2), 2008. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1421990.
"Exchange and Specialization as a Discovery Process," With B. Wilson. The Economic Journal, 119 (539), pp. 1162-1188.
"The Design, Testing and Implementation of Virginia's NOx Allowance Auction," With D. Porter, S. Rassenti, W. Shobe, and A. Winn. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 69 (2), pp. 190-200.
"The ABC Dilemma of Health Reform," Wall Street Journal, October 16, 2009. Available online: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703298004574455303729826362.html?mod=googlenews_wsj
"Governing the Commons," Forbes, October 12, 2009. Available online: http://www.forbes.com/2009/10/12/elinor-ostrom-commons-nobel-economics-opinions-contributors-vernon-l-smith.html
"From Bubble to Depression?" With S. Gjerstad. Wall Street Journal, April 6, 2009, pp. A15.


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If you've been online at all within the past five years, you've probably seen one of the latest Internet crazes: the meme. A meme shows a humorous image with bolded, capitalized text and is virally shared across social networking platforms. They are meant to be funny or satirical, and often are in reference to something current in popular culture.
Memes are a great way to engage with customers, but they also run a fine line. How can your marketing use memes effectively? Today, we're going to discuss some ideas to get started.
Identify your audience.
The first step in adding memes to your marketing strategy is deciding whether or not they have a place in your business. If your customer base isn't adept in the internet world, adding memes into your marketing strategy may go completely over their heads, and end up having a negative impact. If, however, your consumer targets are internet-savvy, then meme marketing may be the right step. The last thing you want when is to isolate potential customers, so be careful in considering who you want to reach in your marketing strategy and if memes are a good decision.
Outline your goals.
Next, outline your goals and purpose for using marketing memes. Maybe it's to draw more social media users to like your Facebook, Twitter or Instagram page. Maybe you want to attract users from social media to your website. Also, consider the type of humor you want associated with your business. If you're trying to reach a younger generation, pick a goofier meme. Or if you're trying to change up your image, choose a meme which aligns with your rebranding goals.
Be careful with humor.
Most importantly when using memes, be careful with humor. Used correctly, humor can boost your brand and engage more customers. Used incorrectly, humor can confuse and even hurt your business. Before doing anything with memes, seriously ask yourself: Are you really that funny? Memes are often sarcastic or satirical, and produce immediate reactions—both good and bad. Comedy proves one of the best ways for consumers to let their guards down with your business, but can sometimes come off as inappropriate or insensitive.
Make your own meme.
One way to go with marketing is to make your own meme. First, find a funny image of an employee, product or service. Next, add text to the top and/or bottom of the image. Several online sites allow you to make memes for free, but will add their own watermark to the bottom of the image. If your business has a designer or Photoshop service available, you can also make your own meme without a watermark. Meme Generator, Imgflip and Make A Meme are all websites where you can create a meme for your organization.
Or go for memejacking.
If your business doesn't want to spend the time making your own meme, you can also try memejacking. Memejacking is when brands use previously created memes within their own marketing strategy. This often means taking a well-known image and adding your own twist on the caption. Popular images are not copyrighted, so don't worry about grabbing an image from online and adding your own text.
Using a well-recognized meme increases your chances of grabbing viewers' attention and is a safe use of humor. Most importantly, whether you make your own meme or jack a popular one, make sure your meme is easy to consume, relates to your audience and can be shared.
If your small business wants to get in on current marketing trends, try adding in a few memes to spice things up and show your humorous side. When used appropriately, memes add a fun new layer to your marketing strategy, and help consumers relate and engage better with your brand. Give them a try and see the impact on your marketing efforts.


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Gastric banding: Pros and cons of Christie's surprising choice
New Jersey Governor Chris Christie's choice of gastric banding has prompted questions about why he opted for a weight-loss procedure less favored by bariatric surgeons and patients.
Lap-Band stirred excitement a decade ago when the anti-obesity device was introduced in the United States. The adjustable silicone cuff filled with saline is placed around the upper part of the stomach. That creates a small pouch less than 1 inch across that limits how much food one can consume at a sitting. The patient also feels full sooner, and can thereby shed weight.
In early 2011 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration extended the approved use of Lap-Band to include use by some people who are barely obese. At the time, manufacturer Allergan Inc, better known for its Botox wrinkle treatment, said the new criterion would make 26 million Americans eligible for the product.
The company's high hopes were quickly dashed, however, when sales plunged from almost $300 million in 2008 to $160 million in 2012 because of concerns about Lap-Band's effectiveness. Most studies find that although some gastric-band patients lose 100 pounds or even more, in general gastric bypass produces more, and more enduring, weight loss. Allergan is now trying to find a buyer for the product line and earlier this year said it considered Lap-Band a "discontinued operation.
Another important reason for Lap-Band's decline is growing evidence that a form of bypass surgery called Roux-en-Y may be more effective in treating type 2 diabetes, which typically develops in adulthood and is linked to obesity.
Christie has not explained why he chose banding instead of a bypass, but experts who were not involved in his case pointed out several possibilities, including that he may not have needed to treat diabetes. In the past, Christie has described himself as healthy despite his weight.
"If he didn't have any other medical problems, that could have come into the decision-making," said Dr Jaime Ponce, president of the American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery.
Lap-band surgery, also referred to as laproscopic adjustable gastric banding, is one of the most common surgical weight loss procedures. In fact, it is only second in line as the most commonly performed weight loss surgery, following gastric bypass surgery. For this type of surgery, a doctor puts a silicone band around the upper portion of the patient's stomach. With the lap-band in place, the stomach's capacity is reduced to about 1 oz. of food. A saline solution runs into the band, allowing it to be tightened or loosened, altering the stomach's capacity.
One of the major pros of lap-band surgery involves potential weight loss. According to the Consumer Guide to Bariatric Surgery, patients who undergo lap-band surgery lose an average of about 50 to 60 percent of excess weight. While this is a significant amount of weight, it's important to keep in mind that the results from this and other types of weight loss surgeries vary.
According to WebMD, lap-band surgery is considered less invasive and risky than some other types of weight loss surgeries. In fact, it can be reversed, if desired, allowing the patient's stomach to go back to its original size. Additionally, this type of surgery doesn't impair a person's absorption of nutrition. As such, vitamin deficiencies that may develop after other types of weight loss surgeries are rare with lap-band procedures.
There are some uncomfortable effects that have been associated with lap-band procedures. According to MedlinePlus, nausea and vomiting may be among the most common. However, they may be relieved by adjusting the lap-band. Additionally, some people experience minor complications as a result of the surgery. Such complications occur in less than 10 percent of these surgeries and may include such things as infections and bleeding.
One major consideration with lap-band surgery is the risk of death. It is estimated that death occurs in about one in every 2000 lap-band patients. Your risk level may differ, depending on your health and other factors. As such, it is best to discuss your complication risk with your doctor before deciding on the surgery.
Gastric banding is also a simpler procedure. Its rate of major complications is 0.9 percent, reports the American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, compared to 3.6 percent for gastric bypass. That means less likelihood of post-operative infection, blood clots, blood loss or other serious problems.
About 200,000 people in the United States had weight-loss surgery in 2009, the last year for which data are available, according to the bariatric surgery society. Gastric bypass accounted for about half of the procedures and lap banding for about one-quarter.
The three main forms of bariatric surgery cost $11,500 to $26,000, according to the surgery society. Medicare, the federal government's health insurance program for the elderly and disabled, pays for them in patients who have a body mass index (BMI) of 35 or greater plus one additional obesity-related condition, such as diabetes or sleep apnea, and who meet certain other requirements. Many commercial insurers have similar policies.
In gastric bypass, a surgeon reroutes the digestive system so that the stomach empties directly into the middle of the small intestine, bypassing a section called the duodenum and jejunum. That has the effect of limiting the absorption of calories. And since the surgery also makes the stomach much smaller, it limits how much someone can eat at a time.
In sleeve gastrectomy, a surgeon staples the stomach vertically. That has the effect of decreasing its volume by more than 85 percent, creating a tube- or banana-shaped pouch that, like banding, reduces the amount of food that can be consumed and absorbed.
Complications from the banding cuff include the possibility that it will erode the stomach or slip out of place, requiring corrective surgery, said Ponce, who is also the co-medical director for bariatric surgery at Memorial Hospital in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Banding can reduce the severity of type-2 diabetes only if it leads to significant weight loss. But Roux-en-Y targets the underlying metabolic causes of diabetes, and blood glucose levels improve even before there is significant weight loss, said Dr Francesco Rubino of Catholic University in Rome, a pioneer in Roux-en-Y.
The more modest procedure also often fails to produce the significant and enduring weight loss that patients hope for. "One of the unfortunate reactions the body has to (smaller intake) is to decrease its energy expenditure," said Rubino.
As the body adjusts its metabolism to near-starvation conditions, it burns fewer calories to maintain basic metabolism. That can cause weight to plateau before patients reach their ideal size.
Even more distressing to gastric-band patients, they can regain weight. That can happen if they force too much food into the stomach, stretching it and thereby loosening the band, or if they eat mostly calorie-dense foods.
By contrast, with gastric bypass "there are more mechanisms at work that counter the body's reaction to weight loss," said Rubino. In particular, a study released this year found, the re-plumbing of the gastrointestinal tract alters the microbes that live in the gut, increasing the population of bacteria associated with leanness and decreasing those that contribute to obesity.
Christie, seen as a possible 2016 contender for the White House, told the New York Post on Monday that his decision to undergo the procedure was motivated by his family's concern for his health, not political ambition.
Because the risks and benefits of weight-loss surgery need to be assessed individually for each patient, experts caution that people considering one of the procedures should not be swayed by Christie's decision.
When public figures undergo bariatric surgery it can affect perception of the procedures for good and for ill. "Some patients may understand that this is a medical necessity and not a shameful thing so these examples may help more patients get proper care," said Rubino. But "some patients may decide to seek the same operation as the VIP when it may or may not be the best surgical option for their own case."


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Crispy on the outside, soft on the inside, these potatoes were a cinch to whip up as a weeknight side dish, and so very tasty. All this recipe takes is a little olive oil combined with salt, pepper, paprika and some minced garlic, and some Parmesan and chives to top it off. The olive oil mixture coats each layer of the potato, which infuses it with flavor and a heavenly aroma that is just irresistible. After these beauties bake for about 45 minutes, it's time to bust out the butter, sour cream, Parmesan and chives… or whatever else you can dream up!
Thanks to this recipe from Marla at Family Fresh Cooking, I can now add these fancy-shmancy yet super simple baked potatoes to my weeknight meals, and you can, too! These may not look like any potato you've ever eaten, but they have the same hearty flavor and warm, comforting aroma as the classic… just with a little more flair!
Parmesan Hasselback Baked Potatoes
- 4 medium potatoes, cleaned (I used Yukon Gold)
- 4 cloves garlic, minced
- 3 tablespoons olive oil
- pinch of salt
- pinch of black pepper
- pinch of paprika
- 1/4 cup grated Parmesan, Plus additional for sprinkling, as a garnish
For serving:
- chopped chives
- sour cream, optional
- butter, optional
- Preheat oven to 425˚F with rack in the middle of the oven. Lay potatoes flat on cutting board and starting from one end of the potato, make slits about 3-4mm apart. Cut to about 1/4 inch from the base of the potato. Be careful not to slice all the way through. The potato will fan out a bit as it bakes.
- Combine olive oil, garlic, salt, pepper and paprika in a small bowl. Carefully brush each slit of the potatoes with the olive oil mixture, using a pastry brush. Rub potatoes with residual oil. Arrange potatoes on baking sheet and bake for about 40-45 minutes. The inside should be cooked through and the outside of the potato should be a bit crispy.
- Garnish with additional salt, paprika, pepper, Parmesan and chives. Serve with sour cream and/or butter, if desired.
- Enjoy!


text: Your recycLA service provider will conduct a waste assessment of your property and work with you to determine your optimal level of service for the lowest possible cost. The waste assessment is a thorough walk-through of your property to determine current levels of service, opportunities for recycling, and right-sizing your bins, which means determining the appropriate bin size for your needs as well as selecting the appropriate frequency of service. Waste assessments are scheduled in advance, but if you cannot be reached to schedule, your recycLA service provider will attempt to conduct a waste assessment in your absence in order to optimize efficiency. You can request a waste assessment online.