text:
Monday, November 28, 2011
What if the priest messes up the words of consecration?
37 comments:
- Patricius said...
What if the priest were to accidentally turn over too many pages after the Sanctus and neglect to say the words of consecration all together?
- November 28, 2011 at 5:22 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
It would be imperative that the priest stop immediately and return to the place missed and continue through again (including the words of consecration).
If however he skipped some earlier portion, but did no notice until after he had consecrated the Eucharist (or even just the Host), he should continue on -- but he should be more careful in the future, and he should do penance.
[if the priest isn't sure whether he said the words, but thinks it more probable that he did ... then he should continue forward ... if he is pretty sure that he did not (morally convinced that he did not), then he should stop and return to the place where he believes he had gotten confused and say it all again from there]
If a lay person notices ... and if he is sure that the priest did in fact skip the words of consecration ... he may even go and tell the priest ... though I am not sure how this would be done best ... certainly prudence would be necessary (so as not to confuse the priest too much, since he must already be very confused if he missed the consecration).
Hope that helps! Peace to you. + - November 28, 2011 at 6:09 AM
However, since the Anaphora of Addai and Mari is supposedly valid even without any sort of words of consecration (this is my body, this is my blood). With that in mind, aside from purposefully and (seemingly) maliciously intending not to form the intention to consecrate, it would seem that if the intention to consecrate is there, an accidental flub of the specific words of consecration since the whole anaphora/canon/EP is consecratory in itself and one accidental fault in the saying of Mass could not, in and of itself, invalidate the whole thing.
Now, granted, I don't buy this (and if I ever went to one of these Eastern liturgies, I'd probably just sit in the back...)but that seems to be the idea now days.
Also, that is another reason for ad orientem and the silent canon-if any of the things described in the De Defectibus happen, it is so much easier to correct them without giving undue confusion to the Faithful and without possibly embarrassing the priest to the point where he plugs on even though he really ought to redo something or have recourse to some sort of remedial action.
-dominic1955 - November 28, 2011 at 9:10 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
However, even in the Addai Mari anaphora, the words of consecration are implied ... so the essential meaning still remains (at least that is the argument).
With the Latin Rite Eucharistic Prayers, however, the essential meaning is not conveyed if the words of consecration are wholly left out.
This is why the words are necessary for the Roman Canon (for example), even though they are not contained in Addai Mari.
Does that make sense?
Without any doubt, the Roman Canon (and all the others, excepting Addai Mari) does not consecrate without the words of consecration.
[and I understand (and share) your distrust of the theology which led to accepting the Addai Mari anaphora]
And I completely agree with your point about the silent Canon! + - November 28, 2011 at 10:12 AM
- pewpewaliens said...
But in the Roman Canon (especially with the OF offertory), isn't the epiclesis also more or less an implied epiclesis?
And what about the theory that the only required form (excepting the Addai Mari) is "this is my Body", and "this is my Blood"? - November 28, 2011 at 11:19 AM
Father, I'm pretty sure that in one of the classic English language morals manuals - "Moral Theology" by McHugh OP and Callan OP - the authors identify the essential words of consecration over the chalice simply as Hic est calix Sanguinis mei and consider all the remaining words of the formula to be of grave ecclesiastical precept.
Likewise, if my memory is correct, another popular manual - "Moral and Pastoral Theology" by Henry Davis SJ - considers those remaining words of formula (the ones after Hic est enim calix Sanguinis mei) to be "possibly essential."
I guess my point is simply that the morals manualists seemed to be very open to the position that the ending part of the formula for the consecration over the chalice are not essential for validity.
Certainly it would be grave matter for a priest to knowingly tamper with or omit that part of the formula. The only reason I bring it up is that I've found the responses in those manuals useful in discussions with radical-traditionalist types who want to call into question the validity of the consecration over the chalice at Novus Ordo Masses, especially with respect to the now replaced ICEL translations of the 2nd edition. Obviously there are many ways to defend the validity of the previous English translation, but quoting the morals manuals can be particularly helpful.
Anyway, I'm curious what you think of this all and if you know of other authors who would disagree and argue that all the words of the formula are strictly essential.
- Peter - November 28, 2011 at 12:19 PM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
I am surprised to here the OPs taking that position ... the one I present in the article is what I have understood to be the classical Thomistic opinion (held, as I gather it) by the Thomists of Salamanca.
[this also seems to be the express teaching of Pope Pius V in his Bull]
Now, it is certainly a matter which theologians have debated ... but (again, as I have understood the history of the debate) the classical Thomistic position is that the words signifying sacrifice are part of the words of consecration.
Thank you for the reference to those manuals ... they certainly hold a lot of authority for me ... I will try to check on this more (If I can gain access to some of the old works from Salamanca).
Peace to you! + - November 28, 2011 at 1:17 PM
- Josemaria Paulo Jeromino Martin Carvalho-Von Verster said...
What if A Priest Say an Eucharistic prayer of his choice before consecration but says another one after?
Josemaria - November 28, 2011 at 1:21 PM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
The epiclesis of the Roman Canon expresses the intention of a future consecration, but does not express a consecration at the moment.
Therefore, it cannot effect transubstantiation.
This is why it is different from the Addai Mari anaphora.
Yes, I do agree that the epiclesis of the Roman Canon is more-or-less an implied epiclesis -- at least it is not as explicit as in many other Eucharistic Prayers.
As to whether "This is my Blood" would be enough ... see my comment to Peter.
Peace to you! + - November 28, 2011 at 1:23 PM
- dcs said...
Fr. Erlenbush,
I do believe the position you have presented here is that of the Salamanticenses. However Fr. Garrigou-Lagrange held a different position, so it is not surprising to see other Dominicans hold an opinion opposed to that of the School of Salamanca. - November 28, 2011 at 2:08 PM
Dan Buckley
I was lector at a Mass where the priest said, "This is the cup of my blood, the blood of the new and everlasting covenant; it wil become for us our spiritual drink." When brought to his attention, he said that his intention with those words was sufficient - November 28, 2011 at 3:25 PM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
Which work does Fr. Garrigou-Lagrange discuss this in? I would love to look it up -- I would not lightly disagree with him!
(I'm presuming it is his "Priest in union with Christ", but I don't recall it there)
Thanks for the info ... how on earth do we decide between John of St. Thomas and Garrigou-Lagrange?!
@Dan Buckley, I think it is doubtful whether the wine was consecrated ... but perhaps ... certainly, the intention to consecrated doesn't do anything if the words do not signify the meaning (so I don't like his explanation). Peace! + - November 28, 2011 at 5:40 PM
In that case, presuming he said the proper words of consecration and intended to consecrate, his actions would be valid and illicit.
This kind of thing happens from time to time. Offering the Holy Mass is something that is done every day at least once. There are bound to be errors. For example, next weekend, I will offer the Holy Mass in the EF once, in the OF in English twice and the OF in Spanish twice. Usually, by the time I get to the last one, my brain is dragging a little bit. Binating on Saturday and trinating on Sunday take a toll. As much as I try to concentrate, there have been a handful of misfires.
Just last Sunday, while offering the Sunday Mass in Spanish, I was distracted by a set of triplets who are toddlers who all seemed to want to scream and cry, out of the blue, at the same moment. My concentration failed simply out of surprise. I jumbled the prayer over the chalice, started again, jumbled again, and then took a deep breath. I started a third time with no problem. It happens. When in doubt, start over again.
Kind Regards,
Father S. - November 28, 2011 at 7:35 PM
Thank you for this, and so many other very interesting posts.
My query relates to the form of the words of consecration over the chalice. Prior to the Post-Conciliar reform of the Mass and the promulgation of Missale Romanum of Pope Paul VI, in the Roman Rite the words "Mysterium Fidei" were placed firmly within the text of consecration. Now they are not. It is clear from the presence of the genuflection and elevation of the chalice that transubstantiation is believed to have occurred prior to the newly placed "Mystery of Faith". Therefore, if as is claimed the whole of the text, after "Hic Est Enim Calix Sanguinis Mei" is necessary for the validity of the sacrifice, then we are left with three options:
1)The words "Mysterium Fidei" alone of all those spoken after "Hic Est Enim Calix Sanguinis Mei" are not necessary for consecration and therefore never were, in which case why were they deemed necessary before the Post-Conciliar reforms? They are unnecessary words placed right in the middle of vital ones. This makes no sense whatsoever.
2)None of the words after "Hic Est Enim Calix Sanguinis Mei" are in fact necessary for consecration, and transubstantiation is brought about solely by the words "Hic Est Enim Calix Sanguinis Mei" - hence the acceptability of removing "Mysterium Fidei" from the text of consecration.
3) All of the words after "Hic Est Enim Calix Sanguinis Mei" are necessary for consecration thus invalidating the Ordinary Form of the Mass.
Option 3 is obviously false - therefore we are logically left with 2 options - all of the words after "Hic Est Enim Calix Sanguinis Mei" are necessary for validity WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THOSE 2 WORDS PLACED RIGHT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE TEXT. Alternatively, none of the words spoken after "Hic Est Enim Calix Sanguinis Mei" are in fact necessary for validity.
It cannot be claimed that the words "Mysterium Fidei" still remain part of the words of consecration as it is obvious from the adoration of the Precious Blood at the elevation and genuflection that transubstantiation is believed to have occurred. Furthermore, if this argument is the case, certainly every Mass celebrated in English since the introduction of the Novus Ordo HAS therefore been invalid because the now defunct translation read "Let us proclaim the Mystery of Faith", which certainly does change the meaning of the words.
I would really welcome your thoughts. - November 28, 2011 at 8:11 PM
As far as I'm concerned, they needed to just tell the Assyrians to put in the words of consecration, just like Pope Benedict XIV had others do in the past. Doesn't matter if you can spin some yarn about the consecratory effect of the whole anaphora, we know for sure that the proper words of consecration in all the Catholic Rites do indeed effect a valid consecration. The practices of schismatics couldn't possibly represent the authentic Apostolic Tradition of the CHurch.
Other than that, this is what I've always read-"this is my body" and "this is my blood" were the minimum for validity. This conveys the proper meaning, no?
-dominic1955 - November 28, 2011 at 10:38 PM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
I too have seen this argument from the radical/schismatic traditionalists ... they are terribly confused.
In fact, your first point (1) is pretty much the correct answer ... except that "mysterium fidei" aren't the only words which are not strictly necessary.
Remember, what is needed is to convey the meaning ... which is transubstantiation and (possibly) sacrifice -- this is the debated point, some hold sacrifice has to be conveyed in the words (the Thomists of Salamanca) others hold it does not; and this would change whether the second half of the words over the chalice are needed.
Well, "mysterium fidei" is not necessary to convey either transubstantiation or sacrifice ... neither (I suppose) is "novi et eterni testamenti" ... some also argue that the two words "enim" in the "Hoc est enim Corpus meum" and "Hic est enim calix Sanguinis mei" are not necessary (and I tend to agree).
So it is no real surprise that one phrase in the middle is not strictly necessary ... in fact, I believe that most any school of theologians would agree that a priest could very probably consecrate the chalice saying "This is my Blood, which will be poured out for you" rather than the whole "This is the chalice of my Blood etc.". (hence, even the word "chalice" may not be strictly and absolutely necessary)
Those who reject the Novus Ordo based on the change of "mysterium fidei" are motivated either by the most extreme ignorance (stemming from blindness of intellect) or malice.
Thanks for the question!
Certainly, your second point (2) is a possibility ... and many would favor this.
Peace to you! + - November 29, 2011 at 7:33 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
I believe that the Thomists of Salamanca held that the rest of the words over the chalice were necessary to communicate the idea of "sacrifice" -- and if this concept is essential to the Mass (as I think it is), then I am inclined to agree with them.
That is why I have held that the words "poured out for you and for many, etc." are necessary (in that the concept of sacrifice must be conveyed by the words).
It is a debated point, though.
Peace! + - November 29, 2011 at 7:36 AM
- Jack said...
There are several good translations of the Liturgy of Ss Addai and Mari on line. Read any one of them.
I would call your attention to these words at the end of this Anaphora:
"We too, my Lord, your feeble, unworthy, and miserable servants who are gathered in your name and stand before you at this hour, and have received by tradition the example which is from you, while rejoicing, glorifying, exalting, and commemorating, perform this great, fearful, holy, life-giving, and divine Mystery of the passion, death, burial, and resurrection of our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. *** {no omission here; see below}
And may there come, O my Lord,
your Holy Spirit, and may he rest upon this oblation of your servants. May he bless it and hallow it, and may it be for us, O my Lord, for the pardon of debts, the forgiveness of sins, the great hope of resurrection from the dead, and for new life in the kingdom of heaven with all who have been well-pleasing before you. "
How else can we (the church) possibly "perform the great divine mystery of the passion..." which "we have received by tradition from the Lord" except by intending to accomplish the mystery of the Eucharist"
How else can bread and wine be "for the pardon of debts, the forgiveness of sins, the great hope of the Resurrection, and for new life in the Kingdom of Heaven" unless they have been changed into the true Body and Blood of Christ?
I am not arguing against the Latin tradition about the necessity of the Words of Institution. I'm just showing a relevant passage from this ancient Anaphora itself.
And, FWIW, the Chaldean Catholics in their recension of Addai and Mari DO insert the Words of Institution when I have placed the asterisks. - November 29, 2011 at 8:15 AM
- Laurens said...
My God is infinitely merciful.
How about your God? - November 29, 2011 at 10:09 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
Wow! You have your OWN PERSONAL Deity?! Where can I get one of those?
In any case, the mercy of the Trinity does not make a non-sacrament into a sacrament ... and if the words are just trivial technicalities, then so is the death of Christ, so is Christianity, and so is the mercy of God. - November 29, 2011 at 10:56 AM
What if a priest refuses to use the new words in the Canon ("for many" instead of "for all")?
- November 29, 2011 at 11:47 AM
- Howard said...
About 2 years ago, a good priest at the cathedral must have been distracted, because he said the words of institution for the chalice while attempting to consecrate the host. Apparently, I was the only one to notice. I approached him about this privately after mass, because I doubted that the consecration of the host had been valid and the hosts consecrated at that mass were now potentially mixed with hosts validly consecrated at earlier masses in the same ciborium, so I supposed they would all have to be conditionally reconsecrated. However, all the people I asked who might know said that the consecration, though irregular, was valid.
- November 29, 2011 at 12:09 PM
- Seraphim said...
The Eastern theology says that the whole Anaphora confects the Eucharist. Just as Latins do not parse the vocal sounds of the word "body" (does transubstantiation occur at the "d"? Or at the "y"? Or at the glottal stop at the end of the word?) but rather assert that the whole phrase "this is my body" is the (minimum) valid form for Consecration, Eastern Christian assert that the whole Anaphora is. In the Roman Rite, if you HAVE to pinpoint the place where "transubstantiation" occurs, it would be at the Words of Institution because they occur after the Epiklesis. In the Eastern Rites, the epiklesis occurs afterwards, so the epiklesis completes the anaphora. In the Roman Rite, the epiklesis is less explicit than it is in the East, as a commentator here pointed out - but it is implied strongly enough for the meaning to be present, just like the Words of Institution in the Anaphora of Addai and Mari.
Regarding this Eastern theology, here is what Pope Benedict has to say about it, in "The Nature and Mission of Theology," pp. 111-112:
"It seems to me that we have before us a typically Western restriction and legalistic reduction of the notion of faith which radicalizes certain one-sided developments which begin to make their appearance around the High Middle Ages. A parallel may render the issue clearer: from about the thirteenth century on, interest in the conditions necessary for validity begins to push every other consideration to the margin of sacramental theology. Increasingly, everything ceases to matter except the alternative between valid and invalid. Those elements which do not affect validity appear to be ultimately trivial and interchangeable. Thus, in the case of the Eucharist, for example, this is expressed in an ever-stronger fixation on the words of consecration; that which is actually constitutive for validity becomes more and more strictly limited. Meanwhile, the eye for the living structure of the Church's liturgy is progressively lost. Everything other than the words of consecration appears to be mere ceremony, which happens to have evolved into its present form but in principle might just as easily have been omitted. The characteristic nature of liturgy and the irreplaceable liturgical sense cease to be regarded as important, falling as they do outside the narrow limits of a legally defined minimalism. But the truth that this juridical necessary factor retains its meaning solely when it remains within the living totality of the liturgy had to be relearned only with great labor. A good part of the liturgical crisis of the Reformation was due to these constrictive tendencies, which are also the key to understanding the liturgical crisis of the present. If today the entire liturgy has become the playground of private "creativity", which can romp at will just as long as the words of consecration are kept in place, at work is the same reduction of vision whose origin lies in an erroneous development typical of the West but quite unthinkable in the Eastern Church." - November 29, 2011 at 3:54 PM
- Seraphim said...
Rome has spoken, the case is closed.
And your view is practically heresy anyway. "The practices of schismatics couldn't possibly represent the authentic Apostolic Tradition of the Church." That is wrong for all the following reasons, and probably many others:
(1) The Assyrian Church of the East is just as much an Apostolic Church as we are; in fact they were the ones who came back into communion with Rome, while the jurisdiction now called the Chaldean Catholics remained in schism. (They switched allegiances sometime in the 16th century, I think; I don't know when the Chaldeans added the Words of Institution.)
(2) They are NOT "schismatics". Communion with them was interrupted, partly from political persecution from the Persian Empire (who would not tolerate any faith from the Roman Empire, their enemies!) and partly from geographical separation. Nor are they heretics. As I heard one Assyrian priest say once, "we're not Nestorians; we just got stuck up here in the mountains while the Council of Ephesus was going on and we never thought it was relevant to us since we never attended."
In the 13th century Kublai Khan sent two Chinese Nestorian monks, Rabban Sawma and Mar Yabh-Allaha, to Rome to hammer out a political alliance. Rome was surprised to see them, not being aware that there were Christians in China (the Nestorian Church at that time was as large as the Catholic Church, in fact), and nobody was aware that there was any schism between them. Rabban Sawma celebrated Liturgy on the altar of St. Peter's Basilica, after his profession of faith was accepted by the Pope, and the Pope sent the pallium to his friend Mar Yabh-Allaha, who had been detained in Babylon by the inconvenience of having been elected Katholikos of All the East.
(3) A schismatic, in the definition of St. Jerome, is one who has rebelled against his bishop, or his lawful superiors. This never happened. The Pope was never the local primate over the Catholicos of Babylon. They are not schismatics. They are in schism from us - there can certainly be schism BETWEEN (not from) two bishops - but we are also in schism from them. To quote the great Melkite Archbishop Mar Elias Zoghby, "we are all schismatics".
(4) The Church has repeatedly, over and over again, urged Byzantine Catholics to return to our traditions and be faithful to who we are. Like it or not, these traditions are the traditions of Orthodoxy - Churches NOT in communion with Rome, and many of these grew and developed AFTER 1054 (the feast of St. Gregory Palamas as the completion of the Triumph of Holy Orthodoxy, the restoration of which for Byzantine Catholics is a symbol of the restoration of the integrity of our Church). So from Rome's perspective it is simply not true that the practices of "schismatics" or whatever you want to call them don't represent the authentic practice for a Church. - November 29, 2011 at 4:06 PM
- dcs said...
Fr. Erlenbush,
Fr. Garrigou-Lagrange discusses this in De Eucharistica, commentary on ST III q.78 a.3. Not only does he argue for the "short form" but he also argues (contra the Salamanticenses) that St. Thomas also held that the short form sufficed for validity. - November 30, 2011 at 6:49 AM
- dcs said...
Seraphim writes:
Rome has spoken, the case is closed.
I'm afraid you're mistaken about that. Rome has not spoken in a definitive way and theologians are permitted to argue that the Words of Institution are necessary to confect the Sacrament.
There was a good article in The Latin Mass some years back which argued that there is reason to think that the Anaphora of Addai and Mari, without the Words of Institution, has been corrupted. Interestingly enough, it is not the only anaphora used by the Chaldeans (it is used approximately 60% of the time IIRC), but it is the only one that lacks the Words of Institution. - November 30, 2011 at 6:54 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
The so-called "Eastern" position (which I'm not even convinced is the true position of the Eastern Church Fathers) that the whole anaphora consecrates and not the words of consecration leads to a very odd conclusion.
Namely, it leads to the conclusion that Christ did not consecrate the Eucharist at the last supper, since he did not say a complete anaphora but only the words of consecration!
And it is not the West that is legalistic (at least not if you take the theology to its logical conclusion), because those who hold that the whole anaphora is the "words of consecration" would logically have to hold that a mistake in any part of the Eucharistic prayer would bring the validity of the sacrament into question ... now that is radical and extreme rigorism!
As to your comments about Addai Mari, I agree with you that we must be careful to not go overboard in criticism of that anaophora ... still, it is not as though it is a totally settled case ... but you are correct, we are certain (at least morally certain) that that anaphora is valid at least. - November 30, 2011 at 7:29 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
Because it does not change the essential meaning, using "for all" would not change the validity of the Mass -- it would still be the Eucharist ... however, if the priest does it knowingly (and, especially, if he does it with malice), he commits a mortal sin.
Peace to you always! + - November 30, 2011 at 7:31 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
I believe you were quite right to be very concerned.
If the priest did not say "This is my body", then it wasn't!
Let us pray for our priests! + - November 30, 2011 at 7:32 AM
- Mike Mayott said...
I wonder if god can consecrate the species without the helpp of man at all?
- December 1, 2011 at 4:59 AM
- Seraphim said...
What you described is not the Eastern position at all. Read what I wrote more carefully again
We don't think of the Anaphora as being a magic formula that consecrates the Eucharist. The whole Anaphora consecrates it; this does not mean that if a priest were to inadvertantly or even intentionally omit part of it (say, the Prayer of the Angels - known as the Sanctus in the West) the Eucharist would be invalid. It only becomes "radical and extreme rigorism" if you insert your rigorism into it to begin with. You can't understand Eastern theology through Western lenses.
Yes, there are certain parts of the Anaphora which are so essential to the meaning of what the priest is doing that one would be hard-pressed to call it an anaphora without them. In the Byzantine rite, there are really two such peaks or high points in the Anaphora, namely the Words of Institution and the Epiklesis. In the Roman Rite, the Epiklesis is less important. In the Anaphora of Addai and Mari (which, in full disclosure, I have never seen), it appears that the Words of Institution are less important.
The Anaphora is the prayer of the Church, which is the prayer of Christ working through His Body. It is Christ mystically offering the Sacrifice, not just a ritual performed by some priest. So from the Eastern perspective what is really the relevant factor in deciding "validity" is whether the priest is doing what the Church is asking him to do. If the priest is doing the prayer of the Church, then it is an Anaphora, which is why I trust that the Assyrian anaphora is valid, and that the pre-2011 English Novus Ordo with its mistranslation of "pro multis" was also valid. But if a Roman Rite priest says "This is the chalice of My Blood" over a piece of bread, or somehow skips the words altogether, it is quite clear that whatever pretty prayers he may be saying, he is not saying the Roman Anaphora. And his service is not a Mass.
From the Western perspective, there can be multiple "valid forms" for any Sacrament. In the East we say "The servant of God N. is baptized in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Ghost", in the West we say "I baptize thee in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost." The Eastern formula for absolution, which even biritual Roman Catholic priests serving part-time in Byzantine parishes will use, is deprecatory. It does not contain the words "I absolve you", yet it is completely valid (as even acknowledged by the most ossified of unreconstructed manualists to borrow an expression from Fr. Zuhlsdorf - see Ludwig Ott for example). That a different "valid form" can exist for a different rite regarding the Eucharist should not be a surprise.
The point of saying that the whole Anaphora is consecratory is that we are not looking at a "bare minimum" for validity. What we are looking at is where is the action of the Holy Spirit taking place. One cannot impose on the unity of the whole prayer, or restrict the action of the Holy Spirit, by considerations of what is minimally necessary for validity. "Hoc est enim corpus meum" is not a magic trick, despite the unfortunate devolution of that phrase into "hocus pocus". It is part, a usually essential and pinnacle part, but only a part, of the whole Canon, and it is the whole Canon that brings Jesus down to the altar. - December 1, 2011 at 10:11 AM
- Marco da Vinha said...
I have heard it said that apparently the words of institution are missing from most fragments on the pre-Nicean liturgies that exist. Can anyone corroborate that claim? Could that have been due to the Discipline of the Secret or just that many did not use them (which I find strange given that St. Paul mentions them in his epistle to the Corinthians).
A friend of mine was at a Sunday Mass a few weeks ago which was celebrated by a priest who is teacher at the local seminary. My friend says that the Mass was invalid given that the priest ad libbed most of it, especially the consecration. IIRC, he said the priest used the following words (not in english , though) for the consecration: "We devliver to, Lord, these signs of the self-gift of your Son". Valid? I think not. I doubt the man believes in the Real Presence at all. - December 1, 2011 at 11:05 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
The words "This is my body" by themselves - even without any anophora - will consecrate the host ... and, without those words, or at least without the essential meaning conveyed by those words, the rest of the anaphora will not consecrate the Eucharist ... this is the faith of the Church.
Therefore, it is not the whole anaphora which consecrates (in the strict sense), but those words.
And no, they are not "magic", they are far more powerful than magic -- magic can only manipulate nature, while the Sacrament changes the very nature of the substance.
Finally, I've told you many times before - and now I'm serious - I will not post any more super-long comments from you ... it's too much ... your last comment is nearly as long as the original article!
Peace and blessings always. + - December 1, 2011 at 11:57 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
@Mark of the V.,
The "scholars" who make these claims about the ancient anaphoras are on very shaky ground ... there is little evidence of such nonsense ... as you pointed out, St. Paul very clearly speaks of the words of consecration as part of the Mass.
Regarding that Mass your friend went to ... It sounds like (from what you said) the Mass was not valid, whatever the intention or belief of the priest.
So sad ... we do need to pray for that priest!
Peace! - December 1, 2011 at 11:59 AM
- Seraphim said...
Your argument that it is not the whole anaphora that consecrates simply does not follow. From the fact that one can consecrate with the part, it does not follow that the whole does not consecrate.
One quick anecdote before this becomes a "long comment": In the East the unity of the anaphora is held to so strongly that it is believed that the anaphora cannot be interrupted. The action of God has already begun. So when Hagia Sophia fell to the Turks in the middle of the anaphora, it is a pious legend (believed by some in Greece to this day) that the priests celebrating the Liturgy disappeared into the walls of the church, to emerge again some day to finish the Liturgy. - December 1, 2011 at 12:56 PM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
I suppose that the whole consecrates, by virtue of the fact that the whole contains the necessary part (namely the words of consecration, or at least the essential meaning of those words).
But, since the whole cannot consecrate without the part and the part can consecrate without the whole, then (in a very real sense) we must admit that the words of consecration are what consecrate the elements.
The West also holds very strongly to the importance of the unity of the Eucharistic prayers ... excepting in the most extreme cases, they cannot be interrupted.
Surely, you would agree that, if the priest died after saying the words of consecration but before finishing the anaphora, the Eucharist would be consecrated ... then, it is clear that the whole anaphora does not consecrate, since the elements are already the Eucharist, even before the anaphora is completed.
ps. I love the story about the Hagia Sophia! - December 1, 2011 at 3:49 PM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
For any still interested ... I recently came accross St. Alphonsus' discussion of what words are essential for the Chalice (in his Theologia Moralis) ... the Doctor of Morals states that the Thomists (following St. Thomas himself) hold for the whole while the majority favor the part (i.e. only "Hic est enim calix Sanguinis mei").
Alphonsus says that he cannot decide which is better and that both positions are probable.
However, in practice, if a priest were to die after saying the first words but not the rest ... Alphonsus says that another priest should come and say the whole words over the chalice (repeating "Hic est enim calix Sanguinis mei" and continuing "novi et eterni...").
Personally, I am continuing to affirm that the whole meaning (i.e. both transubstantiation and sacrifice) are necessary and essential to the consecration.
And it seems to me that this is the (practical) opinion of St. Alphonsus as well -- in addition to the favored opinion of St. Thomas and the majority of the Thomists. - December 9, 2011 at 3:34 PM
Post a Comment
When commenting, please leave a name or pseudonym at the end of your comment so as to facilitate communication and responses.
Comments must be approved by the moderator before being published.


text:
» Show All «Prev «1 ... 5449 5450 5451 5452 5453 5454 5455 5456 5457 ... 5765» Next»
Unknown (wife of ?Joseph ?Hamburger)
Ref: JL11762
Status: LocatedPlot: CA3
Alderney Road (Globe Rd) Jewish Cemetery, London, 1. England, UK
Notes: Alderney Road Jewish Cemetery : Opened in 1696/7 and closed 1852/3 (dates vary depending on the source). A 999 year lease was bought in 1696 by Benjamin Levy (? - 1705) for £190. The cemetery was enlarged in 1733. Described in 1896 as having upright tombstones and not so thick as in most Jewish burial grounds, while the grass is kept more neatly (London Burial Grounds by Mrs Basil Holmes, Fisher-Unwin). See CemeteryScribes Blog for more information and the Susser Archive found here Visiting arrangements: contact the United Synagogue for more information. **** Headstone photos - Incomplete General views of the cemetery can be found here Further information can be found under Cemetery Histories If you have any photos you would like to donate to Cemetery Scribes please Contact Us THANK YOU!! ****

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Jacob
- Son of Isaac and Rebekah, and brother of Esau whom he twice outwitted (Gen. 25:29 ff.; 27). The traditions about Jacob were compiled over several centuries but in so far as it can be assumed that Jacob was a historical person he is likely to have lived in the period between about 1750 and 1570 BCE. Some authorities believe there are indications that he lived about 1200 BCE at the beginning of the early Iron Age, but this date would assume a surprisingly late date for the Exodus [[➝ Exodus, the]]. The combination of the Jacob stories from the two sources J and E and then with the addition of P material (in Gen. 35) is in a remarkably sophisticated arrangement reflecting, by the genealogical relationship of Jacob to his sons, something of the actual social realities at the time of compilation.Jacob is portrayed unattractively: he steals from his father-in-law Laban; he deceives his brother Esau and so obtains his birthright; and he tricks his father into giving him the blessing of the first-born which was Esau's privilege. In his old age, Jacob comes into the Joseph narrative and dies near Joseph, his favourite son (Gen. 49:33).In the NT Jacob is mentioned in the speech of Stephen (Acts 7:8) in his recital of the promises of God to his people; but more importantly the preference of Jacob over Esau is used by Paul (Rom. 9:13) to illustrate the sovereign grace of God, and by Heb. 11:9 as one of the examplars of true faith. In the conversation between Jesus and a Samaritan woman, she asks whether he is greater than the ancestor Jacob (John 4:12). It is an example of John's irony: she thinks it is absurd—but the readers of the gospel know otherwise.
Dictionary of the Bible.


text:
7125 Grand Montecito Pkwy. #110 Las Vegas, NV. 89149 702-838-8558 |
Our team of specialists and staff believe that informed patients are better equipped to make decisions regarding their health and well being. For your personal use, we have created an extensive patient library covering an array of educational topics. Browse through these diagnoses and treatments to learn more about topics of interest to you. Or, for a more comprehensive search of our entire Web site, enter your term(s) in the search bar provided.
As always, you can contact our office to answer any questions or concerns.
As always, you can contact our office to answer any questions or concerns.
Jackson-Weiss Syndrome (JWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by foot abnormalities. Symptoms include abnormally broad big toes, webbing of the skin between the second and third toes, an inward angling of the toes, and/or malformation or fusion of certain bones within the feet. Jackson-Weiss Syndrome is inherited and affects both sexes equally.


text: Red wants to find the perfect present to show Grandma she cares, but she is absolutely stumped! The Super Readers pay a storybook visit to Peter Rabbit and chase after the mischievous little cottontail bunny, who's on the hunt for some delicious fresh vegetables for his Mama. The Super Readers must help Peter find what he's looking for before his big appetite for veggies lands him in hot water! Educational Objectives: To learn how to show someone you care, investigate the alphabet, practice spelling skills and use the power to read to change the story.


text:
When I read that this month's challenge was to make bagels, I was very excited – I'd never tasted the famous bread and what a nice chance to do so!
I loved the dough: delicious to be kneaded and rises like no other. I also had loads of fun with the whole "making of"… I just felt sad about the look of the bagels – they're so ugly, the poor things. Wrinkled like a Shar-Pei. :(
Anyway, I thought the flavor was really good – even though I haven't tasted a real bagel to compare – and I'll try to make them again, hoping to get shiny and smooth bagels as it should be.
Liked this sort of Seinfeld post? Check the other Daring Bakers' blogs – I'm sure you'll find some pretty good bagels there!
840-1,120g (6-8 cups) bread (high-gluten) flour
4 tablespoons dry baking yeast
6 tablespoons granulated white sugar or light honey (clover honey is good)
2 teaspoons salt
720ml (3 cups) hot water
a bit of vegetable oil
3.8 liters (1 gallon) water
3-5 tablespoons malt syrup or sugar
a few handfuls of cornmeal
First, pour three cups of hot water into the mixing bowl. The water should be hot, but not so hot that you can't bear to put your fingers in it for several seconds at a time. Add the sugar or honey and stir it with your fingers (a good way to make sure the water is not too hot) or with a wire whisk to dissolve. Sprinkle the yeast over the surface of the water, and stir to dissolve.
Wait about ten minutes for the yeast to begin to revive and grow. You will know that the yeast is okay if it begins to foam and exude a sweetish, slightly beery smell.
At this point, add about 420g (3 cups) of flour as well as the 2 teaspoons of salt to the water and yeast and begin mixing it in – use your hands or a wooden spoon; I prefer the latter.
When you have incorporated the first three cups of flour, the dough should begin to become thick-ish. Add more flour, a half-cup or so at a time, and mix each addition thoroughly before adding more flour. As the dough gets thicker, add less and less flour at a time. Soon you will begin to knead it by hand – do it in the bowl, in case it's big enough, or on a clean and lightly floured countertop.
Add bits of flour if necessary to keep the dough from sticking. Soon you should have a nice stiff dough. It will be quite elastic, but heavy and stiffer than a normal bread dough. Do not make it too dry, however... it should still give easily and stretch easily without tearing.
Place the dough in a lightly oiled bowl, and cover with one of your clean kitchen towels, dampened somewhat by getting it wet and then wringing it out thoroughly. If you swish the dough around in the bowl, you can get the whole ball of dough covered with a very thin film of oil, which will keep it from drying out.
Place the bowl with the dough in it in a dry, warm (but not hot) place, free from drafts – I always use my microwave oven for this step when I make bread or pizza dough. Allow it to rise until doubled in volume – I let it rise for 1 hour and it was huge when I took it out of the oven.
While the dough is rising, fill a stockpot with about the water and set it on the fire to boil. When it reaches a boil, add the malt syrup or sugar and reduce the heat so that the water just barely simmers; the surface of the water should hardly move.
Once the dough has risen, turn it onto your work surface, punch it down, and divide immediately into as many hunks as you want to make bagels. For this recipe, you will probably end up with about 15 bagels, so you will divide the dough into 15 roughly even-sized hunks. Begin forming the bagels. There are two schools of thought on this. One method of bagel formation involves shaping the dough into a rough sphere, then poking a hole through the middle with a finger and then pulling at the dough around the hole to make the bagel – this is how I did it.
The other method involves making a long cylindrical "snake" of dough and wrapping it around your hand into a loop and mashing the ends together. Whatever you like to do is fine. DO NOT, however, give in to the temptation of using a doughnut or cookie cutter to shape your bagels. Just like snowflakes, no two genuine bagels are exactly alike.
Begin to preheat the oven to 205ºC/400ºF.
Once the bagels are formed, let them sit for about 10 minutes. They will begin to rise slightly. Ideally, they will rise by about one-fourth volume... a technique called "half-proofing" the dough. At the end of the half-proofing, drop the bagels into the simmering water one by one. You don't want to crowd them, and so there should only be two or three bagels simmering at any given time. The bagels should sink first, then gracefully float to the top of the simmering water. If they float, it's not a big deal, but it does mean that you'll have a somewhat more bready (and less bagely) texture – that's what happened to me.
Let the bagel simmer for about three minutes, then turn them over with a skimmer or a slotted spoon. Simmer another three minutes, and then lift the bagels out of the water and set them on a clean kitchen towel that has been spread on the countertop for this purpose. The bagels should be pretty and shiny, thanks to the malt syrup or sugar in the boiling water.
Once all the bagels have been boiled, prepare your baking sheets by sprinkling them with cornmeal. Then arrange the bagels on the prepared baking sheets and put them in the oven. Let them bake for about 25 minutes, then remove from the oven, turn them over and put them back in the oven to finish baking for about ten minutes more. This will help to prevent flat-bottomed bagels – I didn't turn them because I didn't want the toppings to fall down. I baked them for 35 minutes straight.
Remove from the oven and cool on wire racks, or on dry clean towels if you have no racks. Do not attempt to cut them until they are cool... hot bagels slice abominably and you'll end up with a wadded mass of bagel pulp. Don't do it.
To customize bagels: After boiling but before baking, brush the bagels with a wash made of 1 egg white and 3 tablespoons ice water beaten together. Sprinkle with the topping of your choice: poppy, sesame, or caraway seeds, toasted onion or raw garlic bits, salt* or whatever you like. Just remember that bagels are essentially a savory baked good, not a sweet one, and so things like fruit and sweet spices are really rather out of place.
* I used coarse salt and thought that it became a bit wet on the following day.


text:
WASHINGTON — As public evidence mounts that the Chinese military is responsible for stealing massive amounts of US government data and corporate trade secrets, the Obama administration is eyeing fines and other trade actions it may take against Beijing or any other country guilty of cyberespionage.
According to officials familiar with the plans, the White House will lay out a new report on Wednesday that suggests initial, more aggressive steps the US would take in response to what top authorities say has been an unrelenting campaign of cyberstealing linked to the Chinese government. The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly about the threatened action.
The White House plans come after a Virginia-based cybersecurity firm released a torrent of details on Monday that tied a secret Chinese military unit in Shanghai to years of cyberattacks against US companies. After analyzing breaches that compromised more than 140 companies, Mandiant has concluded that they can be linked to the People's Liberation Army's Unit 61398.
Military experts believe the unit is part of the People's Liberation Army's cyber-command, which is under the direct authority of the General Staff Department, China's version of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. As such, its activities would be likely to be authorized at the highest levels of China's military.
The release of Mandiant's report, complete with details on three of the alleged hackers and photographs of one of the military unit's buildings in Shanghai, makes public what US authorities have said less publicly for years. But it also increases the pressure on the US to take more forceful action against the Chinese for what experts say has been years of systematic espionage.
"If the Chinese government flew planes into our airspace, our planes would escort them away. If it happened two, three or four times, the president would be on the phone and there would be threats of retaliation," said former FBI executive assistant director Shawn Henry. "This is happening thousands of times a day. There needs to be some definition of where the red line is and what the repercussions would be."
Henry, now president of the security firm CrowdStrike, said that rather than tell companies to increase their cybersecurity the government needs to focus more on how to deter the hackers and the nations that are backing them.
James Lewis, a cybersecurity expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said that in the past year the White House has been taking a serious look at responding to China, adding that "this will be the year they will put more pressure on, even while realizing it will be hard for the Chinese to change. There's not an on-off switch."
The Chinese government, meanwhile, has denied involvement in the cyber-attacks tracked by Mandiant. Instead, the Foreign Ministry said that China, too, is a victim of hacking, some of it traced to the US Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei cited a report by an agency under the Ministry of Information Technology and Industry that said in 2012 alone that foreign hackers used viruses and other malicious software to seize control of 1,400 computers in China and 38,000 websites.
"Among the above attacks, those from the US numbered the most," Hong said at a daily media briefing, lodging the most specific allegations the Chinese government has made about foreign hacking.
Cybersecurity experts say US authorities do not conduct similar attacks or steal data from Chinese companies, but acknowledge that intelligence agencies routinely spy on other countries.
China is clearly a target of interest, said Lewis, noting that the US would be interested in Beijing's military policies, such as any plans for action against Taiwan or Japan.
In its report, Mandiant said it traced the hacking back to a neighborhood in the outskirts of Shanghai that includes a white 12-story office building run by the PLA's Unit 61398.
Mandiant said there are only two viable conclusions about the involvement of the Chinese military in the cyberattacks: Either Unit 61398 is responsible for the persistent attacks or they are being done by a secret organization of Chinese speakers with direct access to the Shanghai telecommunications infrastructure who are engaged in a multi-year espionage campaign being run right outside the military unit's gates.
"In a state that rigorously monitors Internet use, it is highly unlikely that the Chinese government is unaware of an attack group that operates from the Pudong New Area of Shanghai," the Mandiant report said, concluding that the only way the group could function is with the "full knowledge and cooperation" of the Beijing government.
The unit "has systematically stolen hundreds of terabytes of data from at least 141 organizations," Mandiant wrote. A terabyte is 1,000 gigabytes. The most popular version of the new iPhone 5, for example, has 16 gigabytes of space, while the more expensive iPads have as much as 64 gigabytes of space. The US Library of Congress' 2006-2010 Twitter archive of about 170 billion tweets totals 133.2 terabytes.
"At some point we do have to call the Chinese out on this," said Michael Chertoff, Homeland Security secretary under President George W. Bush and now chairman of the Chertoff Group, a global security firm. "Simply rolling over and averting our eyes, I don't think is a long-term strategy."
Richard Bejtlich, the chief security officer at Mandiant, said the company decided to make its report public in part to help send a message to both the Chinese and US governments.
"At the government level, I see this as a tool that they can use to have discussions with the Chinese, with allies, with others who are concerned about this problem and have an open dialogue without having to worry about sensitivities around disclosing classified information," Bejtlich said. "This problem is overclassified."
He said the release of an unclassified report that provides detailed evidence will allow authorities to have an open discussion about what to do.
Mandiant's report is filled with high-tech details and juicy nuggets that led to its conclusion, including the code names of some of the hackers, like Ugly Gorilla, Dota and SuperHard, and that Dota appears to be a fan of Harry Potter because references to the book and movie character appear as answers to his computer security questions.
The White House would not comment on the report expected Wednesday.
"We have repeatedly raised our concerns at the highest levels about cybertheft with senior Chinese officials, including in the military, and we will continue to do so," said Caitlin Hayden, spokeswoman for the National Security Council. "The United States and China are among the world's largest cyber actors, and it is vital that we continue a sustained, meaningful dialogue and work together to develop an understanding of acceptable behavior in cyberspace."
Sen. Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif., chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, said the report reinforces the need for international agreements that prohibit cybercrimes and have a workable enforcement mechanism.
Associated Press writers Christopher Bodeen, Gillian Wong, Charles Hutzler and Joe McDonald contributed to this report.


text:
Oink! Oink! |
Which brings us to the ubiquitous orc. For once, I won't fight the assertion that D&D swiped this monster from Middle-earth, as there's not really any folkloric antecedent for it before Tolkien. However, the write-up in Volume 2 of the LBBs says nothing that suggests the orcs are at all like their literary counterparts, an omission that Holmes does not correct, while Moldvay says only that "Orcs are ugly human-like creatures who look like a combination of animal and man." Even the Monster Manual says almost nothing about these creature's physical appearance, despite devoting more than half a page to their entry. All the Monster Manual says for certain is that orcs have "pinkish snouts and ears" and "bristly hair." It was left to artist David Sutherland to (literally) draw a porcine conclusion from these scant hints.
Since my Dwimmermount campaign uses OD&D, there's no canonical description of orcs for my to draw upon, but I'll be the first to admit, though, that AD&D casts a long shadow over my conceptions of many aspects of the game, including orcs. So, when I started thinking about what orcs were like, I immediately thought of Sutherland's pig-men. But why are they pig-men? That's when I decided that, in the Dwimmermount campaign, orcs were "uplifted" boars, raised to evil sentience in ancient times as weapons of war. Most sages believe that it was the Eld who were responsible for this, but other evidence suggests the even more mysterious "Ancients" were responsible -- along with the uplifting of other animal species in a similar fashion, resulting in additional breeds of "beast men," like gnolls.
Here's what I'd love to see propagate across the old school blogs: an example or two like the one I posted above about orcs. I love hearing how referees have made the raw materials D&D offers their own, especially if doing so draws on longstanding information or images associated with the game. The examples don't have to be long, unless you want them to be; all I ask is that they reveal a little bit of that do-it-yourself spirit I think is so representative of our corner of the hobby. To encourage you further in this effort, have another hot elf chick on the house:
Elven goddess of love and beauty, Hanali Celanil, from Dragon #60 (April 1982) |


text:
Ask a Question Please complete this question form so we can get back to you! Thank you.
We try to respond to all questions and offers quickly, however, orders all come first. All reasonable offers will be considered however offers and questions take time.
Vintage Cap Hat VARSITY FORD Ann Arbor Michigan OSFA This item is no longer available Vintage Cap Hat VARSITY FORD Ann Arbor Michigan OSFAThis is a vintage cap with hard flat brim and rows of stitching, says varsity ford Ann arbor adjustable back, button at top, stitched backed front, made in Philippines. Size: OSFAColors: blue and white, no rips or tears, looks...
What is the maximum you'd pay for this?
$ Currently priced at $ 19.99.
How many is this for?
Any Questions?
Your Name
Thank you
Store Home · About Us · Contact · FAQ / Policies · Privacy · Security · TIAS home · Site Map · Tell a Friend! · Join our Mailing List ·
Miss Pack Ratz Contact us! 201 Pete CircleTabor City, NC 28463United States Updated Friday, April 19 2024Product descriptions copyright© 2024 Miss Pack RatzAll else copyright© 1995-2024 TIAS.com All rights reserved.


text:
FL Maps > County > St. Lucie > St. Lucie "Fancy Frame" Maps > #11 Museum Frame, Grey |
Directions: To use any of the four maps below, simply click and drag the image to your desktop. You can also right click (Windows) or control click (Macintosh) and select the copy option from the pop-up menu. For additional assistance, see Help Using & Editing PNG Frame Maps. |
Description: A map of St. Lucie with a museum-style picture frame in medium grey with a lighter grey colored bevel-cut mat. These maps are in the PNG format. The map area itself is transparent so it can be layered over another photo and the photo will take the shape of the map. Use them on your Web pages or in presentations.
Keywords: St. Lucie, borders, frame map, transparent map, outline map of St. Lucie, PNG Source: Florida Center for Instructional Technology, Exploring Florida Maps (Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, 2008) Map Credit: Florida Center for Instructional Technology, University of South Florida. | ||
Search | License | Help Using & Editing Frame PNG Maps |
FL Maps > County > St. Lucie > St. Lucie "Fancy Frame" Maps > #11 Museum Frame, Grey |


text:
Forward feature LS Productions from SCOTLAND ISSUE 731
Join us
"I'm always happy to receive a new edition of Spotlight from Production Paradise as it's extremely helpful as an overview of the current photographic scene. I've also made contacts that have led to very successful collaborations. I recommended to a photographer that he should show his work in Spotlight, and he received enquiries amazingly fast. I look forward to the next issue! "
Stefan Kinzel, Publicis, Frankfurt
"Production Paradise broadens my reach to European clients and inspires me come up with a fresh body of work every couple of months. It makes me look back to the work very frequently, pull together a new look and say ''what can I show now?'' One of the clients that I recently found through Production Paradise was Volvo Construction Equipment Spirit and I have done a couple of shoots for them in Brooklyn and Panama. It was a huge project and a great client to work with."
Dan Bigelow, Photographer, New York
"In particular I find the Spotlight Magazines really useful and helpful. They are divided into categories such as, Beauty, Food, Lifestyle etc, making it much easier to navigate and find artists in specific fields. This is why I regularly use Production Paradise when I'm looking for a photographer or artist."
Lesley Scott, Ogilvy & Mather, London


text:
Cutting and Other Self-Injury | Child Psychology
Learn about cutting and other self-injury in this child psychology video from Howcast. Subscribe the Howcast Health Channel: http://howc.st/HOE3aY
The Howcast Health Channel offers easy-to-follow instructions on all forms of exercise, both new and traditional, including water aerobics, Pilates, yoga, strength training, how to use an exercise ball, and various forms of mixed martial arts.
Videos also include expert advice on health topics, such as chiropractic, cholesterol, massage therapy, meditation, sexual health, stress management, and vitamins. Plus, all the latest diet and nutrition information.
Subscribe to Howcast's other YouTube Channels:
Howcast Main Channel - http://howc.st/uLaHRS
Howcast Video Games Channel - http://howc.st/tYKKrk
Howcast Tech Channel - http://howc.st/rx9FwR
Howcast Food Channel - http://howc.st/umBoJX
Howcast Arts & Recreation Channel - http://howc.st/vmB86i
Howcast Sports & Fitness Channel - http://howc.st/vKjUjm
Howcast Personal Care & Style Channel - http://howc.st/vbbNt3


text:
Page Error...
The page you requested was not found or not exist, and may possibly be because:- If you typed the URL directly, a spelling mistake may have occurred
- the page does not exist
- If you clicked on a link to get here, the link is outdated.
- Click on one of the following links to get back to the many bargains on our site!
- Use the search bar at the top of the page to search for your products.


text:
3.0 L, 6 cyl, Man 6-spd, Premium Gasoline
Combined: 18 mpg
City: 16 mpg
Highway: 22 mpg
MPG estimates for 2016 and older vehicles may have been revised. Learn More
Annual Fuel Cost*: $3,800
Cost to Drive 25 Miles: $6.31
Tank Size: Not available
Cost to Fill the Tank: Not available
Miles on a Tank: Not available
*Based on 45% highway, 55% city driving, 15,000 annual miles and current fuel prices. Personalize
Learn More
16.5 barrels per year
494 grams per mile
Upstream (g/mi)
Tailpipe (g/mi)
6.4 L, 8 cyl, Auto 8-spd, Premium Gasoline
City: 15 mpg
Highway: 25 mpg
Range: 333 miles
Tank Size: 18.5 gallons
Cost to Fill the Tank: $84
Miles on a Tank: 333 miles
486 grams per mile


text:
$8.50 standard shipping & $12 express delivery on all orders! AFTERPAY available.
Sterling silver flower studs - 3D style
Approx 15mm across and 10 mm deep
Love and bling, from the Thousand Island Dressing Team
Thousand Island Dressing is filled with a unique collection of jewellery and stylish homewares. It's the perfect place to find a gift, an original piece to brighten up your home or to put the finishing touches on that special outfit.
Shipping and Returns
Join our mailing list for updates
Ph: 07 3367 8288
129 Latrobe Tce,Paddington Q 4064
Mon - Fri 9.30 - 5.30pmSat - 9am - 5pmSun - 9.30am - 4pm
© 2024 Thousand Island Dressing • POS and Ecommerce by Shopify


text:
"Bring lots of water with you," was the advice of everyone I consulted about my plans. I packed a six-liter bladder and filled it to the brim. I bought a water filter and iodine tablets, promising myself that I'd fill up at every water source I came across on the route, even if it was gross cow water. It weighed at least 11 pounds by itself but it was worth it. I had never planned such a daunting solo bike tour - 140 miles of trail and rough dirt roads with no services on route and only a handful of road and river crossings, followed by 100 more miles of a dirt road loop with absolutely no bailout points. And here I was, practically fresh from coastal Alaska, skin still ghost-white and glistening with rainforest moisture, and sweating bullets anytime the temperature climbed above 70.
The trip was daunting for other reasons that had nothing to do with water. I knew I had to plan something physically challenging in order to make a decision how to proceed with the next few months, but my head just wasn't in it. I drove five hours from Salt Lake City to Fruita, Colorado, and almost let a loose front spoke coax me out of the entire trip. I finally decided that I didn't need a super early start and could always cut the trip short or extend it if I had to, and headed to a bike shop first thing in the morning. I called Geoff at the trailhead to work out the logistics of permanently splitting our trip. It was the first time we had talked at all in more than a week. There was a peace to the conversation, apologies on both sides, but it left me feeling even more empty. The whole trip was only looking more directionless. Riding a bicycle alone in the desert. What would be the point?
But, lucky for me, I have a hard time backing out on the decisions I make unless I have a really good reason. It was nearly noon by the time I set out. The Kokopelli Trail left Fruita on rocky singletrack. Back when I lived in Salt Lake City, I hadn't yet started mountain biking. I didn't really start until after I moved to Alaska. For all the time I've spent attempting to ride on snow, I'm a rank beginner on rocks and sand. I felt like a little kid trying to pilot a three-wheeler over a minefield of toys. I was all over the place. And off to a slow start, feeling foolish for thinking I could ride a bike through the desert. An intense hike-a-bike at about mile 14 nearly did me in. I was feeling lonely, overheated and sick to my stomach. I could look down the valley and see trucks wheeling effortlessly down I-70. It would have been so easy for me to hike down the railroad tracks and follow the freeway back. But I remembered that every time I start a long ride, I always feel like quitting early, and that usually wears off. And sure enough, I started to settle into my groove.
For as little riding as I've done in the desert, some of it felt very familiar.
A hard headwind blew from the southwest, infuriatingly in the direction I was heading. Miles 30 through 70 or so are probably the flattest of the whole route, but it didn't feel that way to me as I ground down the pedals at 8 mph. It wasn't that hot but the 40 mph gusts seemed to suck the moisture right out of my skin. I didn't realize it at the time, but a severe deficit was just beginning.
One positive aspect of the wind is the silver shimmer of spring grass, like waves in an ocean. I didn't realize it at the time, but an extreme preoccupation with water was just beginning. Still, the beauty of the landscape helped keep my mind off all my uncertainties. The simplicity of my goals - eat, drink, ride - convinced me that sometimes life can be that simple.
And desert sunsets never disappoint. I was feeling downright blissful by 8 p.m.
Unfortunately, I didn't realize how light my pack had become. I started out the day with six liters of water and hadn't gone by a stream that I noticed since mile 14. I had been taking what felt like conservative sips and hadn't peed once since early that morning, but just past Westwater (where I could have cut off route to find water, but didn't realize I needed to) I heard that awful slurping sound that told me my water was all gone. I had somehow managed to burn through a gallon and half - all I had the ability to carry with the gear I brought - in nine hours. It didn't seem like a good sign. I reached Highway 128 and agonized about cutting the route to find water quickly. I had 10 miles of slow, sandy trail ahead of me that I would have to ride in the dark without any water. My tongue was already beginning to swell. But I finally decided that I wasn't racing the thing - I was on a bike tour. Suffering wasn't a requisite of my plan. I turned down the highway and cranked it in high gear to Dewey Bridge, thinking only about the promise of the muddy Colorado River.
I spent 20 minutes pumping six more liters of river water through my filter after pumping at least one liter directly into my mouth. I headed a little way up the road, unrolled my bivy, and tested my theory about the need for simplicity in bike food - by eating half a jar of peanut butter for dinner. The moon washed my meager campsite in cool blue light. I realized that I truly felt content. Life was good when I had water.
I woke up feeling slightly hung over. I had already ridden a few miles away from the river, so gulping down a liter of water with my breakfast of two Clif Bars cut into my supply. The trail up from the Colorado River started steep and ended unforgivingly rocky. I wasn't willing to try anything to strenuous or risky when the route was so long, and I was alone and so far from help. I ended up walking a fair amount of the next 20 miles. Most of my hike-a-bikes were downhill. I started to seriously question why a person like me even bothered to bring a bike when a backpack and a good pair of boots seemed faster. I noticed the skin on my arms was starting to blister, even though it didn't look burnt. I had been slathering on SPF 50 ever two hours during the daytime since the trip began, but I just couldn't wear enough to hold back the UV rays. I stopped in the thin shade of a juniper tree after five hours of solid effort, 20 miles into the day, and checked my water supply. I was already down to less than two liters. I knew Onion Creek was close but I had no idea if there was actually water there. I felt dehydrated and sun-shocked. Bailing from the route at that point seemed almost inevitable.
I heard a truck roll up and soon heard someone say "Jill?" It was my friends Jen and Mike - who had no idea I was on that particular trail and who just happened to be in the area looking for a place to hike. They were the first actual people I had seen since I left the Fruita trail system. I refilled my bladder with their supply. They told me Geoff had picked up my car in Fruita and was somewhere near by. I dropped into the valley just before the long, long climb into the mountains. Sure enough, I saw my car parked at the base and a few miles up the road I saw Geoff running.
It was strange to see him after spending a week half believing I'd never talk to him again. But my anger had settled and I was genuinely glad he was there. I told him how much I had been struggling, how thirsty I always was, how I started late and was moving slower than I had hoped, so the White Rim was pretty much out of the question. He agreed to meet me in Moab with real dinner, a tent, and a car ride to the White Rim trailhead in the morning. It messed up my original goal of doing the entire thing self-supported, but making my peace with Geoff seemed more important than any bike goal.
After we parted, I set into the long climb slow but comfortable. In all of my suffering in the heat and sun, my body felt great with the exception of soreness in my frostbitten toes. I had to laugh at the appropriateness of frostbite-caused pain in the Utah desert. I would have killed for a slab of snow to roll around in.
As it was, the climb brought me pretty close. I reached 8,600 feet, lightheaded but alive in the cooler air. According to my GPS, the route has nearly 12,000 feet of climbing in the short 70 miles between Dewey and Moab, and the time it took me to complete the ride testified to the steepness, but the day didn't feel too physically difficult. I still wasn't drinking enough water - easy to tell because nothing was moving through me. Still, Moab seemed like a safe haven, and the big sips of water were making me feel slightly nauseated, so I didn't worry too much about it.
The descent from 8,000 feet to 4,000 feet down the Sand Flats Road was amazing - my favorite part of the entire trip. I was blasted by so much cool air that I was actually chilled, and the sunset painted the alpine in intense colors.
Desert sunsets never disappoint.
I know I've used this blog to gripe about my constant lack of sun in Juneau, but when it comes down to it, Juneau is a better extreme for a person like me. I had soaked up so much UV light that my skin, though not sunburned, was radiating heat. Watching the sun leave was my favorite part of the day.
Geoff and I had a good, although long, talk in Moab. It was after 2 a.m. by the time I went to sleep and I had a hard time dragging myself out of bed at anything resembling an early hour. Geoff drove me to Island in the Sky, thereby cutting about 25 miles of road off my original planned route. Still, White Rim in one day isn't technically easy. It's 100 miles by itself, with about 8,000 feet of climbing, there's no shade and once you drop in and commit, there's no escape.
I was in love with the White Rim for the first half of the day. I rode it once before, in 2003, with a $250 Trek 6500 that I had only ridden a handful of times before the trip. We took three days and it was vehicle-supported, with gallons of water and Dutch oven dinners. I still remember it as a hard, daunting ride. But on Thursday the miles passed easily, at least compared to the Kokopelli Route, and I was amazed how great I felt despite everything.
Things started to go south right around a climb called Murphy's Hogback, about halfway into the ride. It's steep but not all that long. I wasn't setting out to test my limits and walked a good portion of it. I reached the top and saw one of the few touring groups on the trail - the White Rim route was surprisingly not crowded. It was downright deserted, at least relative to what I expected. I hadn't seen that many people, but I didn't know at the time that they were going to be the last people I saw for the rest of the day.
The White Rim has no water and no services, but it does have many, many opportunities to end things quickly if it comes to that.
A few miles beyond the bottom of Murphy's, I started to feel intensly dizzy. I swerved for a few seconds before I was forced to stop my bike and sit next to the trail. The hot sun pounded my body and there was no way to hide from it. I had no idea what was wrong - hydration, electrolytes, or a serious bonk - so I tried everything. I took large sips of seriously warm water and gulped down a couple of electrolyte pills. I choked down a Power Bar and a couple handfuls of pumpkin seeds. I tried to pee but couldn't - there was nothing there. I checked my bladder and saw with dismay that I was down to less than two liters again. Just over 50 miles into a 100-mile ride. I had ditched my filter with Geoff and only had iodine tablets. And I had no idea when the trail even met the Green River. I couldn't remember and only had a National Park map to go by. For all I could tell from that map, it may have been the very end. I might run into another group, but I had no way of knowing. I was scared. I was genuinely scared. The desert is an intense environment that in my experience is deeply similar to frozen tundra - hauntingly beautiful and deadly. My whole body system was freaking out and I was far from help. Still, I was able to put rationality to work. The Green River was at most 30 miles away. People don't die of thirst in a matter of hours, although heat stroke was a real possibility. My body's reaction was probably more a lack of calories and electrolytes than lack of water, and after 20 minutes of a good rest and a few more pumpkin, I already felt better. I mounted my bike and moved with single-minded purpose toward water.
So close but so far away.
Still, my bladder did run out before I reached the river. I had been rationing but running out completely was another big blow. My lips and tongue were swollen. When I licked my lips, I tasted only salt, so I knew that I really was severely dehydrated. Then, stupidly, I reached the river but decided to continue further to a campground that was on the map, knowing I was close to the river but hoping I would find someone that would give me real water (I know I have to get over it, but I still struggle with the prospect of drinking directly from silty rivers, even with iodine.) I didn't know that another huge climb awaited at a placed called Hardscrabble, and pretty soon I was 500 feet above the rive again, truly frustrated.
I finally dropped down to the river and stopped to fill my bladder with thick brown water and drop my tablets in. I didn't want to start the steep climb out of Mineral Bottom in as bad of shape as I was, so I decided I would take a break for a half hour while the iodine kicked in, relax in the shade and take a bath in the river. I was coated in three days of dust, sweat and sunscreen, and a swim sounded awesome. But when I tried to get in, I sank to my knees in quicksand. Everwhere I walked down the bank was the same situation. At one point, I had to grab a bush to pull myself out. There was nowhere to get in the river, and at that point I was not only coated in dirt, but my legs were covered in stinky sludge. To top it all off, mosquitoes were attacking me in force. That did it. Water or none, I was not going to hang around the White Rim any longer. I had had it.
After the iodine kicked in, I drank a whole lot of silty water and wondered where all that moisture was going. Apparently out of my skin and directly into the air, because it didn't seem to stick around in my body at all. I felt like a sun-dried tomato, shriveled and spent. But as the sun went down, I climbed out of Horsethief with renewed power, and with water back in my system, finally feeling strong again. I remain amazed at the sheer pleasure I extract from the seemingly pointless act of pedaling all day. Life is hard on a bike - but at the same time so simple.


text:
Need help balancing your blood sugar for healthy ageing? Check out this cheat sheet for blood sugar balancing foods - ensure you enrich your meals with foods from this list and work on eliminating any excess sugar from your regular diet. Lean, clean protein...
kickfit Articles
Blood Sugar – the Key to Healthy Ageing
Working with thousands of women over my career there is one thing we all have in common, we age and we want to fight the ageing process as hard as we can with a healthy lifestyle through exercise.
Anti-Ageing Breakfast Smoothie
This Breakfast Smoothie is a favourite of mine and packed full of all the anti-ageing ingredients to set your day up right and a great recovery shake after your early morning session in our Boutique Fitness Studio in Bondi. Makes 2-3 Servings 1 cup filtered water or...
Why Regular Health Assessments are important
Your 40's are the ideal time to take stock of where you are wellness-wise, make improvements if necessary, and create a solid plan for your optimally healthy future with comprehensive health assessments
The Key to Healthy Ageing in Bondi
Did you know that the average age of our Bondi Vixen Members is in their 40's. We love working with mature women and now more than ever it's important to get the right advice when it comes to Healthy Ageing.
Hot August Special
Boutique Fitness Studio in Bondi – First Week Free on all memberships in August
Channel 7 – Sunrise Morning Show featuring Bondi Vixen
Checkout the Vixens LIVE on the Sunrise Morning Show with Sam the weatherman! Was so much fun (and freezing!). A massive thanks to the Vixens that were so generous with their time to do this with me! Community is everything!! ? ? #womensupportingwomen
Pandemic Times…
Living in a pandemic can be scary and limiting. Big bustling gyms and studios that offer large group fitness is a concern, esp at a time like this. That's WHY at Bondi Vixen we changed our approach and our offering. It's time for CHANGE. ✨Capped class numbers (max...
December Newsletter
"Fitness is like a relationship. You can't cheat and expect it to work." Santa came early this year and it's all thanks to YOU! Bondi Vixen has plenty to celebrate and much to share, so please have a thorough read of the below! Crowned Local Legend Despite what 2020...
January Newsletter
You must expect great things of yourself before you can do them."With a New Year comes a New Challenge! Unlock the Ultimate Bondi Body with our NEW 8 Week Summer Reset!Starting FEB 1st, 2021 create a lasting change by joining this unique, engaging and innovative 8...


text:
U.S. names militants involved in Benghazi attack
WASHINGTON -- The Obama administration for the first time on Friday identified two militant groups in Libya, including one led by a former Guantanamo Bay detainee, as being allegedly involved in the attack in Benghazi that killed Ambassador Chris Stevens and three other Americans.
The department designated the two branches of the Ansar al-Sharia in Libya, those in the cities of Derna and Benghazi, and a third branch in Tunisia as foreign terrorist organizations.
It also named Sufian bin Qumu, the leader of the Derna branch, and Ahmed Abu Khattala, a senior leader of the Benghazi branch, as specially designated global terrorists.
The Sept. 11, 2012 attack on the U.S. diplomatic mission in Benghazi is still a political issue in Washington. Republicans in Congress criticized the Obama administration's handling of the attack and the level of security at the diplomatic outpost.
U.S. officials have said that Khattala and an unspecified number of others have been named in a sealed complaint filed in U.S. District Court in Washington, but it's unclear what they have been charged with. No one has been arrested in the attack in which a group of militants set fire to the diplomatic mission and killed the four.
Qumu, who was released from Guantanamo Bay in 2007 and later freed in Libya, was described as a "probable member of al-Qaida" in an assessment written by officials at the military prison in Cuba in 2005. The assessment was released by Wikileaks.
The State Department, however, said al-Qaida did not orchestrate the Benghazi attack.
Spokeswoman Jen Psaki said the two Ansar al-Sharia branches are separate groups. "They're not official affiliates of core al-Qaida so we have no indications ... that core al-Qaida directed or planned the Benghazi attack," she said.
She also said the announcement was not an assertion that Ansar al-Sharia's branches in Benghazi and Derna were the only two organizations whose members were allegedly involved in the attack in Benghazi, that those groups pre-planned the attack well in advance or that they were somehow more responsible than any others involved.
She said officials were still investigating the Benghazi attack. "We're not designating them because of any new information to point to in terms of Benghazi and the events there," she said.
For more than two years, Libya has been held hostage to increasingly powerful militias. Initially they were formed out of rebel brigades that fought Libyan forces in the 2011 uprising. The government has relied on them to carry out security duties because of the weakness of the army, but they have carved out spheres of power of their own, and many are made up of Islamic extremists.
In addition to being involved in the attack on the U.S. mission and annex in Benghazi, the two branches of Ansar al-Sharia - created separately after the fall of dictator Moammar Gadhafi - have been involved in terrorist attacks against civilian targets, assassinations and attempted assassinations of security officials and political figures in eastern Libya. "Members of both organizations continue to pose a threat to U.S.," the State Department said in announcing the designations.
Last year, U.S. special forces carried out a raid in the Libyan capital of Tripoli to capture an al-Qaida leader linked to the 1998 American Embassy bombings in east Africa. The Pentagon identified the al-Qaida leader as Nazih Abdul-Hamed al-Ruqai, known by his alias Anas al-Libi. It is unclear whether U.S. forces have targeted Qumu or Khattala, who lives openly in Benghazi and has denied any role in the Benghazi attack.
Libya has been marked by unrest since Gadhafi's ouster. Armed groups that fought Gadhafi's army turned themselves into militias that exploited the weakness of the weak central government in Tripoli and operate independently of the police and the military.
Also designated was Seifallah Ben Hassine, founder of the group's branch in Tunisia that was involved in the Sept. 14, 2012 attack against the U.S. Embassy and American school in Tunis. The State Department said the attack put the lives of over 100 U.S. employees in the Embassy at risk.
"Ansar al-Sharia in Tunisia, which is ideologically aligned with al-Qaida and tied to its affiliates, including AQIM, represents the greatest threat to U.S. interests in Tunisia," the department said.
AQIM stands for Al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb, which is trying to undermine democratic transitions underway in North Africa.
The designations include various restrictions, including freezing their financial assets and barring U.S. individuals and companies from doing business or supporting or providing resources to them.
The department also issued a reward of up to $10 million for information leading to the arrest or conviction of anyone responsible for the Benghazi attacks.
Rep. Ed Royce, R-Calif., chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, welcomed the designation, but said the administration has not done enough to track those responsible for the attack.
"Sixteen months after the terrorist attacks in Benghazi, the administration is confirming what it has long known - that Ansar al-Sharia carried out an attack against the United States that killed four Americans in Benghazi, Libya," Royce said in a statement. "The Obama administration should be doing all it can to hunt down those responsible for this terrorist attack. I'm gravely concerned that they are not."


text: Space | 26. November 2012 | posted by Jan Wörner ESA council meeting at ministerial level – a personal view In my last blog entry, I referred to the preparations for the European Space Agency council meeting at ministerial level, to be held in Naples and the key topics 'the future of ESA', 'launch systems' and 'utilisation of the International Space Station'. Well, now that the conference has ended, it is time to take stock. At this point, I would like to highlight primarily my own personal experience, since the facts and agreed conclusions have already received plenty of attention in the media. First of all, the outcome in factual terms: it was possible to reach consensus on many important issues. This included the relationship between ESA and the European Union (EU), and the solution proposed in my last blog entry, but also: the future of launchers Ariane 5 ME will be further developed with the aim of a first launch in 2017/2018. possible similarities between Ariane 5 and Ariane 6 will be investigated regarding Ariane 6, a study is being launched to clarify some important issues Earth observation, including new weather satellites, will be intensified agreement was reached on a project to build a geostationary satellite with fully-electric propulsion the operation of the International Space Station until 2020 and the development and construction of a service module (SM) based on the ATV for a future US Multipurpose Crew Vehicle as proposed by NASA as a Barter Element ... and a great deal more. The preparations, particularly regarding the future of launch systems, were very strenuous. The different positions adopted by France and Germany gave rise to many meetings in Paris, Berlin, Geneva and elsewhere without any immediately recognisable breakthrough. Both sides had 'entrenched' themselves in fixed positions that appeared to be irreconcilable. "We have, for some time, striven tirelessly to reach a common and meaningful solution with France. However, this effort has foundered upon the incredibly rigid stance adopted by France, one characterised by thoughts of national autonomy that also include military aspects. At present it is not even possible to arrive at a common European agreement." This quote is not from 2012, but was instead formulated back in 1972 in a letter from the German Minister of Research Klaus von Dohnanyi to the German Chancellor at the time, Willy Brandt. Forty years ago, the decision under consideration was whether to start the Ariane programme or to participate in the US Shuttle programme with Spacelab. The result of the fifth European Space Conference (ESC) in December 1972 was the famous 'second package deal'. Both infrastructure programmes were pushed through with different national priorities – at the expense of satellite telecommunications. Albeit with much less conflict, finding a solution, especially between France and Germany, was once again not easy at first. But finally, also in 2012, a common and constructive solution was found that took into account the interests of both sides. Understandably, ESA conducted itself in a passive manner to avoid alienating either of the two countries. It was the Swiss Secretary of State for Education and Research, Mauro Dell'Ambrogio, and the Luxembourg Minister for Justice, Media and Communication, François Biltgen, who got personally involved prior to the conference and endeavoured to come up with a solution. A summit meeting in Geneva, despite negotiations lasting until midnight, failed to achieve a successful outcome in the first instance. The explanation of the background, such as the way that a common text did eventually emerge and ultimately found its way, with no more than minor amendments, into the final conference document, will all come at a later time. In addition, the paper first had to be brought to the French and German sides for acceptance. German delegation at the ESA Ministerial Council. Image: DLR/Thilo Kranz, CC-BY. The haggling over words did little to advance the matter, but did satisfy those involved in that their understanding of the topic had helped to 'shape' the outcome. At the conference, a series of discussions then took place, and these were chaired very skilfully by the current ESA Council Chairmen Biltgen (Luxembourg) and Dell'Ambrogio (Switzerland), and the perfect interaction with the head of the German delegation, Secretary of State Peter Hintze, and the well organised DLR team, was ultimately successful. Here again, maintaining the balance between the various players – the Ministry, the Head of the German delegation, 'stakeholders' in the various programmes, representatives of ESA member states and the ESA Executive was a very challenging task. The fact that sleep was a casualty of the event is just one of those constants at ESA ministerial council conferences. In the end, there were a lot of 'winners', especially ESA itself, whose position was strengthened by the various projects, and by the paper that ushered in a new era in the relationship between ESA and the EU. My personal opinion does not stop simply with a positive consideration of the really important decisions, but instead also encompasses the effort (in particular the unnecessary effort), not to mention a fair amount of entirely superfluous annoyance. The details of how individual solutions came about are indeed exciting, but at this time not really something for the public domain. The fact that the outcome of the conference was a very positive one is of course a very good thing, and something for which those involved in the event must take full credit, but this still does not excuse the unnecessary difficulties that arose. Lessons must be learned from this if we wish to avoid jeopardising the success of German space policy in the future.


text:
World Library Foundation series How-To-Tutorials. This is a step by step presentation on how to download PDF eBooks to your PC.
Adobe Reader software is the global standard for electronic document sharing. It is the only PDF file viewer that can open and interact with all PDF documents. Use Adobe Reader to view, search, digitally sign, verify, print, and collaborate on Adobe PDF files.
Adobe® Reader is the ideal software for opening and using World PublicLibrary PDFs eBooks. You can use Reader to view, print, and manage PDFs. After opening a PDF in Reader, you have a variety of tools to help you find information quickly, such as bookmarking, text to speech, and post-it notes. Use the Reader multimedia tools to play video and music in a PDF
World Library Foundation series How-To-Tutorials. This is a step by step presentation on how to download MP3 Audio eBooks to your PC.
Thousands of Audio eBooks that you can listen to online or download in MP3 format. Perfect for listening to on an iPod, iPhone, Kindle, or your portable audio player. Audio eBooks are divided into chapters for your browsing conveniently.
With the introduction of the Amazon Kindle Fire eBook reader users have a new device for reading their favorite eBooks. All of the World Library Foundation eBooks are available in a PDF format for direct use.
It is now easier to download the World Library Foundation eBooks, in PDF format, to the new Kindle Fire. Just find click on the cover image of the eBook you want to read and the Kindle Fire downloads it and opens it from the Website through its Internet WiFi connection. That's it!. It's that simple.
For Kindles 2, and 3, you needed to connect the Kindle reader to your computer using the USB cable supplied with the Kindle. The Kindle's memory and memory card will appear as a new drive attached to your computer. Copy the eBook file into the "documents" directory on the Kindle. Disconnect the USB cable and the new book should appear in the Kindle's directory.
The iPad touch screen makes reading a breeze. Thinner, smaller and lighter than most magazines, the Reader Touch Edition™ pdflets you access up to 350 (or more with memory expansion card slots) of your favorite books from anywhere. The intuitive 6" touchscreen display makes navigation a breeze, letting you turn pages with the swipe of a finger. An included stylus offers freehand highlighting and annotation. With support for multiple file formats, including PDF and MP3, you can enjoy books from more places, including the Reader™ Store and Two million titles from the World Library Foundation.


text:
Primary tabs
"Blind l_1-Norm-Based Phase Estimation for Cross-QAM Robust to Finite Precision Effects", Signal Processing, vol. 90, pp. 2934-2948, 2010. phaserec08_v5_onecol.pdf (292.81 KB)
, ,
"SNR Estimation for Multilevel Constellations Using Higher-Order Moments", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 58, pp. 1515–1526, 2010. alvarez-diaz-tsp-10.pdf (295.93 KB)
, "Multiantenna detection of multicarrier primary signals exploiting spectral a priori information", in International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (Crowncom), Hannover, Germany, 2009.
, "SNR Estimation with Heterogeneous Frames", in Advanced Satellite Mobile Systems Conference, Bologna, Italy, 2008.
, "Digital Satellite Communications", New York: Springer, 2007, p. -.
, "Digital Satellite Communications", New York: Springer, 2007, p. -.
, "Non-Linear Interference Mitigation for Broadband Multimedia Satellite Systems", in International Workshop on Satellite and Space Communications (IWSSC), Salzburg, Austria, 2007.
, "High-rate quantization data hiding robust to arbitrary linear filtering attacks", in Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, San Jose, California, USA, 2006, vol. 5306, pp. 592-601.
, "Trellis Shaping Techniques for Satellite Telecommunication Systems", in International Workshop on Satellite and Space Communications (IWSSC), Leganés, Spain, 2006.
, "Aeronautical Channel Model for Broadband L-Band Satellite Communication", in AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC), Rome, Italy, 2005.
, "Diamond contour-based phase recovery for (cross-)QAM constellations", in IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing (SSP), Bordeaux, France, 2005. ssp05_full.pdf (347.8 KB)
, "Performance of Coding and Synchronization Schemes for a DVB-S Based Air-Interface in the Railway Environment", in Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC), Milano, Italy, 2004, vol. 1, pp. 347-351.
, "Characterization of the Railroad Satellite Channel within the FIFTH Project", in IST Mobile & Wireless Communications Summit, Aveiro, Portugal, 2003.
, "DVB-S Air Interface over Railroad Satellite Channel: Performance and Extensions", in Baiona Workshop on Signal Processing in Communications, Baiona, Spain, 2003.
, "Link Design for Satellite Based Services in the Fast Train Environment", in International Conference on Advanced Satellite Mobile Systems (ASMS), ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 2003.
, "Link Performance for Mobile Satellite Based Services in Ku-Band", in AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC), Yokohama, Japan, 2003.
, "Performance of DVB-S Air-Interface over Land Mobile Satellite Channel at Ku-Band for Fast Trains", in International Workshop on Signal Processing for Space Communications (SPSC), Catania, Italia, 2003.


text:
What's included
in the ₹0 installation charge?
Drain pipe
(1.5 ft)
Copper pipe
(3 meter)
stand (ODU)
What's the cost if I need extra material?
₹900/meter for copper pipe
₹100/meter for drain pipe
When do I pay for the extra material?
Pay along with your
1st month's rent
Note: In case we are not able to deliver the condenser stand(ODU) at the time of delivery, the assigned technician will bring one along at the time of installation. We will charge you a one-time reimbursable fee of ₹800 for the stand, which will be credited to your account as RentoMoney within 3-5 working days.
A few things to note
Before you rent,
you need to check
Before washing dishes,
you need to buy
The recommended cleaning supplies can be bought together as the IFB Dishwasher Kit or individually. These are not provided by RentoMojo.
What's in the box?
ball valve
(2 each)
¼ inch, blue
We provide free installation and the above-mentioned quantity of items. If any extra material is required, the customer will have to bear the cost as per actuals.
Save ₹0 per month on this package
Bring home this curated combo of our products to get maximum savings on your RMI.
RMI is the Rental Monthly Installment, payable at the end of every month.
Browse similar products
We have already recorded your interest on this product. In the meantime,
would you like to check out some similar offerings?
Product Details
Know more about the product below
- Compact & convenient seating.
- Perfect for the balcony, patio & porch.
- Folds flat for easy transportation & storage.
- Metal frames & Wood table tops & seats
- Chair (lxbxh) 15"x27"x31"
- 22"L x 21"B x 27"H