text:
Specifically designed for DTH operators utilizing set top boxes with a 10.60 GHz LO setting, this LNB provides optimized reception performance for high band frequencies in both horizontal or vertical polarizations. The LNB fully supports DVB-S2 and HD/UHD broadcasts and provides excellent cross polarization isolation and Noise Figure performances. It enables the reception of satellite signals from one satellite and their distribution to a single tuner Set-top box. Manufactured to the highest quality standards and delivering high performance at low power, compact and a super cost efficient design make this LNB an ideal solution for DTH operators worldwide having their service over the high band frequency range.
Main Features:
- LO frequency 10.60 GHz
- Low phase noise and low noise figure
- DVB-S2 HD/UHD compliant
- Low power consumption
- High cross polarization performance
- High frequency stability
Technical specifications | |
High band input frequency range |
11.7 GHz ~ 12.75 GHz |
High band output frequency range | 1100 MHz ~ 2150 MHz |
High band LO frequency |
10.60 GHz |
Noise figure |
0.6 dB typ. (0.9 dB max.) |
LO frequency accuracy @ 25° C |
±600 kHz |
LO temperature drift | ±1.0 MHz max. |
LO phase noise @ 10 kHz |
-80 dBc/Hz max. |
Conversion gain |
55 dB min. |
Gain ripple (over 26 MHz bandwidth) | ±0.75 dB |
Gain variation (over full band) | ±3 dB max. |
Image rejection |
40 dB min. |
3th order intermodulation - ICP3 | 10 dBm min. |
1 dB compression point (@ output) | 0.0 dBm min. |
Cross polarization isolation | 23 dB min., 25 dB typ. |
Control signal Ca (V) |
Control signal Cb (H) |
Output VSWR |
2.5 : 1 |
In band spurious level | -60 dBm max. |
Current consumption |
100 mA max. @ 11 VDC ~ 20 VDC |
Operating temperature |
Output impedance |
Output connector type |
F-type (female) |
Weight | 75 g |
Logistical info | |
Packaging dimensions (W x D x H) | 9.3 cm x 5.2 cm x 11.3 cm |
Packaging weight | 0.104 Kg |
Quantity per Carton | 100 |
Carton dimensions (W x D x H) | 9.5 cm x 6.5 cm x 6.5 cm |
Carton weight | 11.4 kg |
Quantity per pallet | 2800 |
Q: What is an LNB?
An LNB - Low Noise Block (also called an LNC- Low Noise Converter), it is used for communications (broadcast) satellite reception. The LNB is usually affixed either in or on the satellite dish and its purpose is to collect and amplify the satellite signal received from the dish and then down convert the signal to lower more manageable IF frequency which can then be carried over standard coaxial cabling to the receiver.
Q: What is a feedhorn?
The feedhorn is a part of the LNB and works like a directional horn. Its function is to capture the signals reflected from the dish and to shield the LNB from receiving extraneous radiation from other sources. These collected signals are then passed form the horn to the electronics within the LNB.
Q: What is the difference between a Quad and Quattro LNB?
A quad or quad switch LNB is an LNB where the multi switch is integrated into the LNB and gives 4 independent output ports for the connection of 4 receivers. A Quattro LNB has 4 outputs and each of the output's is set to one of the differing polarities, the 4 outputs are V/L, V/H, H/L & H/H. A Quattro LNB is normally used to feed a multiswitch which then allows the distribution of the signal to any number of satellite receivers. All four outputs of a Quattro LNB are marked accordingly with V/L, V/H, H/L & H/H to avoid confusion and malfunctions when connecting to the multiswitch.
Q: What is the HsQuare Technology?
HsQuare is a unique waveguide technology which may be coupled with a slightly larger feed horn design to deliver better RF performances compared with common circular microwave waveguides.
Q: What is a monoblock LNB?
This design consists of two independent LNBs in a single housing and allows a user the potential of receiving the signal from two different satellites which are at slightly different orbital opposition from a single dish installation. The switching between the satellitesis achieved via the use of DiSEqC signals or Toneburst (Mini DiSEqC). Monoblock LNB's are available mostly for satellites with a fixed 4.3° or 6° spacing and the range covers Ku band monoblock switch single, twin and quad outputs.
Example where a 6° monoblock LNB could be used is for the reception of ASTRA 1 (19.2° East) and Hotbird (13° East) or with 4.3° distance for the reception of ASTRA 1 (19.2° East) and ASTRA 3 (23.5° East).
Q: Why can I receive only one satellite with my monoblock LNB?
For dual satellite reception the dish is normally initially aligned to the weaker of the two satellites and then some slight adjustment can be made ensure the best possible reception from both the satellites. A monoblock installation will require a slightly larger dish size than if only one satellite location had been chosen. Monoblock LNBs are designed to work on a specific dish size and it's important that the correct dish size is installed or both satellites signals may not be picked up at a sufficient level of strength to guarantee reliable reception.
Q: What is a wideband LNB?
With a wideband LNB having only one local oscillator (e.g. 10.4GHz), and captures the full frequency spectrum of the satellite (300MHz to 2350MHz) which are delivered over two outputs from the LNB. One output carries all the vertically polarized signals whilst the second output carries all the horizontally polarized outputs. Whilst most of the current multiswitches on the market do not accept a wideband input the newer multiswitches such as newer Unicable switches are capable of accepting this as their input.
Caution: Wideband LNBs are not conventional twin LNBs. Wideband LNBs can be connected to a Unicable multiswitches that is designed for this purpose, or, if connected directly to a receiver, only with a suitable tuner.
Q: What does Unicable mean?
Unicable is a new method for distributing satellite television. Several receivers (currently up to 32 in accordance with standard EN 50607) can be connected to only one single chain which is not possible with a conventional satellite distribution (star distribution in multi-switch mode). For more information about Unicable, see www.inverto.tv/what-is-unicable-2


text:
Chapter 23
Jesus is taken before Pilate, then to Herod, and then to Pilate again—Barabbas is released—Jesus is crucified between two thieves—He is buried in the tomb of Joseph of Arimathæa.
1 And the whole multitude of them arose, and led him unto Pilate.
2 And they began to accuse him, saying, We found this fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to aCæsar, saying that he himself is Christ a bKing.
3 And Pilate asked him, saying, Art thou the King of the Jews? And he answered him and said, Thou sayest it.
4 Then said Pilate to the chief priests and to the people, I find no afault in this man.
5 And they were the more fierce, saying, He stirreth up the people, teaching throughout all Jewry, beginning from Galilee to this place.
6 When Pilate heard of Galilee, he asked whether the man were a Galilæan.
7 And as soon as he knew that he belonged unto Herod's jurisdiction, he sent him to Herod, who himself also was at Jerusalem at that time.
8 ¶ And when Herod saw Jesus, he was exceeding glad: for he was desirous to see him of a long season, because he had heard many things of him; and he hoped to have seen some amiracle done by him.
9 Then he questioned with him in many words; but he aanswered him nothing.
10 And the chief priests and ascribes stood and vehemently accused him.
11 And Herod with his men of war set him at nought, and amocked him, and arrayed him in a gorgeous robe, and sent him again to Pilate.
12 ¶ And the same day Pilate and Herod were made friends together: for before they were at enmity between themselves.
13 ¶ And Pilate, when he had called together the chief priests and the rulers and the people,
14 Said unto them, Ye have brought this man unto me, as one that perverteth the people: and, behold, I, having examined him before you, have found no fault in this man touching those things whereof ye accuse him:
15 No, nor yet Herod: for I sent you to him; and, lo, nothing worthy of death is done aunto him.
16 I will therefore chastise him, and release him.
17 (For of necessity he must arelease one unto them at the feast.)
18 And they cried out all at once, saying, Away with this man, and release unto us Barabbas:
19 (Who for a certain sedition made in the city, and for amurder, was cast into prison.)
20 Pilate therefore, willing to release Jesus, spake again to them.
21 But they cried, saying, aCrucify him, crucify him.
22 And he said unto them the third time, Why, what evil hath he done? I have found ano cause of death in him: I will therefore chastise him, and let him go.
23 And they were ainstant with loud voices, brequiring that he might be ccrucified. And the voices of them and of the chief priests prevailed.
24 And Pilate gave sentence that it should be as they arequired.
25 And he released unto them him that for sedition and amurder was cast into prison, whom they had desired; but he delivered Jesus to their will.
26 And as they led him away, they laid hold upon one Simon, a Cyrenian, coming out of the country, and on him they laid the cross, that he might bear it after Jesus.
27 ¶ And there followed him a great company of people, and of women, which also bewailed and lamented him.
28 But Jesus turning unto them said, Daughters of aJerusalem, weep not for me, but weep for yourselves, and for your children.
29 For, behold, the days are coming, in the which they shall say, Blessed are the abarren, and the wombs that never bare, and the paps which never gave suck.
30 Then shall they begin to say to the amountains, Fall on us; and to the hills, Cover us.
31 For if they do these things in a agreen tree, what shall be done in the bdry?
32 And there were also two other, amalefactors, led with him to be put to death.
33 And when they were come to the place, which is called Calvary, there they crucified him, and the malefactors, one on the right hand, and the other on the left.
34 ¶ Then asaid Jesus, Father, bforgive them; for they know not what cthey do. And they parted his draiment, and cast lots.
35 And the people stood beholding. And the rulers also with them aderided him, saying, He saved others; let him save himself, if he be Christ, the bchosen of God.
36 And the soldiers also amocked him, coming to him, and offering him bvinegar,
37 And saying, If thou be the king of the Jews, save thyself.
38 And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, This Is the aKing of the bJews.
39 ¶ And one of the malefactors which were hanged arailed on him, saying, If thou be Christ, save thyself and us.
40 But the other answering rebuked him, saying, Dost not thou fear God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation?
41 And we indeed justly; for we receive the due areward of our deeds: but this man hath done nothing amiss.
42 And he said unto Jesus, Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom.
43 And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in aparadise.
44 And it was about the asixth hour, and there was a bdarkness over all the cearth until the ninth hour.
45 And the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was rent in the amidst.
46 ¶ And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I acommend my bspirit: and having said thus, he cgave up the dghost.
47 Now when the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, Certainly this was a arighteous man.
48 And all the people that came together to that sight, beholding the things which were done, smote their breasts, and returned.
49 And all his acquaintance, and the women that followed him from Galilee, stood afar off, beholding these things.
50 ¶ And, behold, there was a man named Joseph, a acounsellor; and he was a good man, and a just:
51 (The same had not consented to the counsel and deed of them;) he was of Arimathæa, a city of the Jews: who also himself waited for the kingdom of God.
52 This man went unto Pilate, and abegged the body of Jesus.
53 And he took it down, and wrapped it in linen, and laid it in a asepulchre that was hewn in stone, wherein never man before was laid.
54 And that day was the apreparation, and the sabbath drew on.
55 And the women also, which came with him from Galilee, followed after, and beheld the asepulchre, and how his body was laid.
56 And they returned, and prepared spices and ointments; and arested the sabbath day according to the commandment.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
It's a national embarrassment. It has resulted in large unnecessary costs for the U.S. economy and needless endangerment of our citizens. And it shouldn't be occurring.
What am I talking about? The third rate status of numerical weather prediction in the U.S. It is a huge story, an important story, but one the media has not touched, probably from lack of familiarity with a highly technical subject. And the truth has been buried or unavailable to those not intimately involved in the U.S. weather prediction enterprise. This is an issue I have mentioned briefly in previous blogs, and one many of you have asked to learn more about. It's time to discuss it.
Weather forecasting today is dependent on numerical weather prediction, the numerical solution of the equations that describe the atmosphere. The technology of weather prediction has improved dramatically during the past decades as faster computers, better models, and much more data (mainly satellites) have become available.
Supercomputers are used for numerical weather prediction |
But to understand the problem, you have to understand the competition and the players. And let me apologize upfront for the acronyms.
In the U.S., numerical weather prediction mainly takes place at the National Weather Service's Environmental Modeling Center (EMC), a part of NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction). They run a global model (GFS) and regional models (e.g., NAM).
The Europeans banded together decades ago to form the European Center for Medium-Range Forecasting (ECMWF), which runs a very good global model. Several European countries run regional models as well.
The United Kingdom Met Office (UKMET) runs an excellent global model and regional models. So does the Canadian Meteorological Center (CMC).
There are other major global NWP centers such as the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA), the U.S. Navy (FNMOC), the Australian center, one in Beijing, among others. All of these centers collect worldwide data and do global NWP.
The problem is that both objective and subjective comparisons indicate that the U.S. global model is number 3 or number 4 in quality, resulting in our forecasts being noticeably inferior to the competition. Let me show you a rather technical graph (produced by the NWS) that illustrates this. This figure shows the quality of the 500hPa forecast (about halfway up in the troposphere--approximately 18,000 ft) for the day 5 forecast. The top graph is a measure of forecast skill (closer to 1 is better) from 1996 to 2012 for several models (U.S.--black, GFS; ECMWF-red, Canadian: CMC-blue, UKMET: green, Navy: FNG, orange). The bottom graph shows the difference between the U.S. and other nation's model skill.
You first notice that forecasts are all getting better. That's good. But you will notice that the most skillful forecast (closest to one) is clearly the red one...the European Center. The second best is the UKMET office. The U.S. (GFS model) is third...roughly tied with the Canadians.
Lets looks at short-term errors. Here is a plot from a paper by Garrett Wedam, Lynn McMurdie and myself comparing various models at 24, 48, and 72 hr for sea level pressure along the West Coast. Bigger bar means more error. Guess who has the lowest errors by far? You guessed it, ECMWF.
I could show you a hundred of these plots, but the answers are very consistent. ECMWF is the worldwide gold standard in global prediction, with the British (UKMET) second. We are third or fourth (with the Canadians). One way to describe this, is that the ECWMF model is not only better at the short range, but has about one day of additional predictability: their 8 day forecast is about as skillful as our 7 day forecast. Another way to look at it is that with the current upward trend in skill they are 5-7 years ahead of the U.S.
Most forecasters understand the frequent superiority of the ECMWF model. If you read the NWS forecast discussion, which is available online, you will frequently read how they often depend not on the U.S. model, but the ECMWF. And during the January western WA snowstorm, it was the ECMWF model that first indicated the correct solution. Recently, I talked to the CEO of a weather/climate related firm that was moving up to Seattle. I asked them what model they were using: the U.S. GFS? He laughed, of course not...they were using the ECMWF.
A lot of U.S. firms are using the ECMWF and this is very costly, because the Europeans charge a lot to gain access to their gridded forecasts (hundreds of thousands of dollars per year). Can you imagine how many millions of dollars are being spent by U.S. companies to secure ECMWF predictions? But the cost of the inferior NWS forecasts are far greater than that, because many users cannot afford the ECMWF grids and the NWS uses their global predictions to drive the higher-resolution regional models--which are NOT duplicated by the Europeans. All of U.S. NWP is dragged down by these second-rate forecasts and the costs for the nation has to be huge, since so much of our economy is weather sensitive. Inferior NWP must be costing billions of dollars, perhaps many billions.
The question all of you must be wondering is why this bad situation exists. How did the most technologically advanced country in the world, with the largest atmospheric sciences community, end up with third-rate global weather forecasts? I believe I can tell you...in fact, I have been working on this issue for several decades (with little to show for it). Some reasons:
1. The U.S. has inadequate computer power available for numerical weather prediction. The ECMWF is running models with substantially higher resolution than ours because they have more resources available for NWP. This is simply ridiculous--the U.S. can afford the processors and disk space it would take. We are talking about millions or tens of millions of dollars at most to have the hardware we need. A part of the problem has been NWS procurement, that is not forward-leaning, using heavy metal IBM machines at very high costs.
2. The U.S. has used inferior data assimilation. A key aspect of NWP is to assimilate the observations to create a good description of the atmosphere. The European Center, the UKMET Office, and the Canadians using 4DVAR, an advanced approach that requires lots of computer power. We used an older, inferior approach (3DVAR). The Europeans have been using 4DVAR for 20 years! Right now, the U.S. is working on another advanced approach (ensemble-based data assimilation), but it is not operational yet.
3. The NWS numerical weather prediction effort has been isolated and has not taken advantage of the research community. NCEP's Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) is well known for its isolation and "not invented here" attitude. While the European Center has lots of visitors and workshops, such things are a rarity at EMC. Interactions with the university community have been limited and EMC has been reluctant to use the models and approaches developed by the U.S. research community. (True story: some of the advances in probabilistic weather prediction at the UW has been adopted by the Canadians, while the NWS had little interest). The National Weather Service has invested very little in extramural research and when their budget is under pressure, university research is the first thing they reduce. And the U.S. NWP center has been housed in a decaying building outside of D.C.,one too small for their needs as well. (Good news... a new building should be available soon).
4. The NWS approach to weather related research has been ineffective and divided. The governmnent weather research is NOT in the NWS, but rather in NOAA. Thus, the head of the NWS and his leadership team do not have authority over folks doing research in support of his mission. This has been an extraordinarily ineffective and wasteful system, with the NOAA research teams doing work that often has a marginal benefit for the NWS.
5. Lack of leadership. This is the key issue. The folks in NCEP, NWS, and NOAA leadership have been willing to accept third-class status, providing lots of excuses, but not making the fundamental changes in organization and priority that could deal with the problem. Lack of resources for NWP is another issue...but that is a decision made by NOAA/NWS/Dept of Commerce leadership.
This note is getting long, so I will wait to talk about the other problems in the NWS weather modeling efforts, such as our very poor ensemble (probabilistic) prediction systems. One could write a paper on this...and I may.
I should stress that I am not alone in saying these things. A blue-ribbon panel did a review of NCEP in 2009 and came to similar conclusions (found here). And these issues are frequently noted at conferences, workshops, and meetings.
Let me note that the above is about the modeling aspects of the NWS, NOT the many people in the local forecast offices. This part of the NWS is first-rate. They suffer from inferior U.S. guidance and fortunately have access to the ECMWF global forecasts. And there are some very good people at NCEP that have lacked the resources required and suitable organization necessary to push forward effectively.
This problem at the National Weather Service is not a weather prediction problem alone, but an example of a deeper national malaise. It is related to other U.S. issues, like our inferior K-12 education system. Our nation, gaining world leadership in almost all areas, became smug, self-satisfied, and a bit lazy. We lost the impetus to be the best. We were satisfied to coast. And this attitude must end...in weather prediction, education, and everything else... or we will see our nation sink into mediocrity.
The U.S. can reclaim leadership in weather prediction, but I am not hopeful that things will change quickly without pressure from outside of the NWS. The various weather user communities and our congressional representatives must deliver a strong message to the NWS that enough is enough, that the time for accepting mediocrity is over. And the Weather Service requires the resources to be first rate, something it does not have at this point.
Part II will discuss the problems with ensemble and high-resolution numerical weather prediction in the U.S.


text:
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Archived since: Feb, 2010
Information Related to the February 12, 2010 shooting at the University of Alabama.
Subject: Shooting, University, Alabama, United States
Date: Feb 24th 2010
Archived since: May, 2007
The April 16 Web Archive captures a wide variety of content related to the April 16, 2007 tragedy at Virginia Tech. It includes memorial and tribute sites, commercial and non-commercial media, and other relevant web-based materials. This collection was specifically developed as a complement to the April 16 Archive (www.april16archive.org), which is dedicated to collecting and preserving individual stories, images, and files related to the events of April 16.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Shooting, virginia tech, campus shooting, violence, United States
Creator: Brent Jesiek, Center for Digital Discourse and Culture (CDDC), Virginia Tech
Date: May 21, 2007
Collector: Virginia Tech
Archived since: Aug, 2013
This is a collection of URLs about the shooting that occurred in an Atlanta elementary school.
Subject: Spontaneous Events
Creator: Christopher Jones
Archived since: Jun, 2013
News on the Boston marathon bombings
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Government - Cities, bombing, marathon, Boston, Boston marathon, bombs, Tamerlan Tsarnae
Archived since: Jun, 2013
No description.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Society & Culture, Attack, Killings, Boko Haram, Nigeria
Archived since: Apr, 2013
The URLs in this collection were harvested from Twitter feeds, Google news, and Reddit pages and threads using Virginia Tech's newly developed URL harvesting tool
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Government - Cities
Archived since: Feb, 2013
No description.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, fire, brazil
Archived since: Apr, 2011
Shooting incident at a school in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil on 8th Apr 2011.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, campus shooting, Brazil, Elementary School
Creator: Virginia Tech
Date: April 9 2011
Archived since: Sep, 2011
As a part of the CTRnet project we are adding here the information which can be used in case of an emergency and the services which are provided by several agencies in emergency situations
Subject: Society & Culture, Emergency, Preparedness
Creator: kiran
Date: Sep 3, 2011
Archived since: Jul, 2013
No description.
Subject: Spontaneous Events
Archived since: Jan, 2012
This is a weekly crawled collection of the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters
Subject: Spontaneous Events, epidemiology of disaster, disaster research, WHO partner
Creator: Seungwon
Archived since: Oct, 2009
The 2010 Chile earthquake occurred off the coast of the Biobio Region of Chile on Saturday, 27 February 2010, at 03:34 local time (06:34 UTC), having a magnitude of 8.8 on the moment magnitude scale, with intense shaking lasting for about three minutes. It ranks as the sixth largest earthquake ever to be recorded by a seismograph
Subject: Spontaneous Events, earthquake, Chile
Creator: Venkat
Archived since: Mar, 2010
IA collection for Chilean earthquake of Feb 2010
Subject: Spontaneous Events, earthquake, Chile
Creator: Virginia Tech
Date: March 12th 2010
Archived since: Apr, 2013
A magnitude 7.0 earthquake hit a rural area of Sichuan province in southwest China the morning of Saturday, April 20, affecting several Ya'an counties, including Lushan County, the quake's epicenter. The earthquake has affected 1.5 million people. As of April 22, the death toll stood at 188, with 25 missing and 11,460 injured.
Subject: Spontaneous Events
Archived since: Sep, 2011
FLOODING rains that have swept across China in recent weeks have left more than 100 people dead or missing and displaced upwards of 1.5 million, with further bad weather expected. The rising waters have affected more than six million Chinese, and the authorities are continuing massive rescue and airlift operations.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Floods, China
Creator: kiran
Date: September 22, 2011
Archived since: Dec, 2012
No description.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, School Shooting, Connecticut
Archived since: Feb, 2011
Cyclone Yasi
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Cyclone, Yasi, Australia
Archived since: Aug, 2013
This is a collection of URLs about the Damascus gas attack.
Subject: Spontaneous Events
Creator: Christopher Jones
Archived since: Oct, 2011
The Private Helicopter Crashed in to East River, killing one passenger and injuring three on October 4th 2011
Subject: Spontaneous Events, EastRiver, Helicopter, Crash, Rescue, United States, NewYork
Creator: kiran
Date: October 5th 2011
Archived since: Oct, 2011
More than 400 people, mainly children, have died in an outbreak of viral encephalitis in northern India, health officials say. Nearly 6,000 children have died of encephalitis in the hospital since the first case was detected in 1978.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, encephalitis, india, epedemic
Creator: kiran
Date: October 12th 2011
Archived since: Jul, 2013
This is to archive Global Emergency Overview website weekly.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Society & Culture
Creator: Seungwon Yang
Archived since: Oct, 2011
The Global food crisis that is going on in the world for the past few years
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Science & Health, Society & Culture, Food, Crisis, Global
Creator: kiran
Date: October 19th 2011
Archived since: Nov, 2012
A magnitude 7.4 earthquake struck Guatemala on Wednesday, killing at least 48 people, injuring about 150 and leaving 23 unaccounted for, government officials said. They warned that the official toll was preliminary and could rise.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, earthquake, guatemala
Archived since: Aug, 2011
Three juveniles, who were attending a summer camp, reported a gunman at VT campus in Aug. 2011.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, virginia tech, Gunman, United States
Date: August 7th 2011
Archived since: Jan, 2011
This is a web document collection using the Google News/RSS feeds about Haiti Earthquake 1 year later.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, earthquake, haiti
Creator: Seungwon Yang
Date: January 13th 2011
Archived since: Sep, 2011
Hurricane Irene was a Atlantic Hurricane that left extensive flood and wind damage along its path through the Caribbean, the United States East Coast and as far north as Atlantic Canada in 2011 between the dates August 21st - August 26th, 2011. Irene caused widespread destruction and atleast 54 deaths, the monetary losses to the Caribbean could be as high as US $3.1 billion and around 7 billion dollars in United States (early damage estimates).
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Irene, Hurricane, Caribbean, United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada, United States
Archived since: Sep, 2012
This archive includes webpages, photos, and videos of the Hurricane Isaac disaster in August 2012.
Subject: Spontaneous Events
Archived since: Oct, 2012
Hurricane Sandy was the deadliest and most destructive hurricane of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season, as well as the second-costliest hurricane in United States history.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Blogs & Social Media, Society & Culture, hurricanes
Creator: kiran Chitturi
Date: 10/16/2012
Archived since: Oct, 2011
The plane Crash in Indonesia where 19 people died
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Indonesia, Crash, Plane
Creator: kiran
Date: October 2nd 2011
Archived since: Oct, 2010
This collection contains web information about the Indonesian volcanic eruption, earthquake and tsunami in Oct. 2010.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, volcanic eruption, Indonesia, earthquake, tsunami
Creator: Seungwon Yang
Date: October 30 2010
Archived since: Nov, 2010
The second collection of the Indonesian disaster in 2010. Top 50 Google RSS feeds have been used as seeds. 'robots.txt' is ignored.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Indonesia, earthquake, tsunami, volcano
Creator: Seungwon Yang
Archived since: Apr, 2010
Information on school shootings around the world
Subject: Spontaneous Events, school shootings, Jerusalem, Seminary
Archived since: Mar, 2011
This collection depicts the events surrounding the 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan and the post-disaster reconstruction. Content includes blogs, social commentary, television/online news sites and aid organizations, with content in both English and Japanese.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, tsunami, Japan, earthquake
Date: March 11th 2011
Archived since: Feb, 2011
Midwest Snowstorms (Feb 2011)
Subject: Spontaneous Events, storm, Midwest
Date: Feb 4, 2011
Archived since: Apr, 2015
7.9M earthquake hit Nepal on Saturday April 25, 2015
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Earthquake
Creator: IDEAL project - Virginia Tech
Archived since: Sep, 2011
A plane carrying tourists to view Mount Everest crashed while attempting to land in Nepal on Sunday, killing all 19 people on board, including two U.S. citizens
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Crash, Plane, nepal
Creator: kiran
Date: Sept 27 2011
Archived since: Sep, 2011
The crash of a World War II-era plane during a Reno air race where the death toll has been rose to nine people Saturday as investigators combed through wreckage and scoured amateur video clips to determine why the aircraft suddenly spiraled out of control and plummeted to the ground near hundreds of spectators. Close to 60 were injured in the incident, which occurred Friday.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Crash, Nevada, race
Creator: kiran
Date: September 16 2011
Archived since: Feb, 2011
Earthquake in New Zealand in Feb 2011
Subject: Spontaneous Events, earthquake, New Zealand
Creator: Virginia Tech
Date: Feb 28th 2011
Archived since: Feb, 2008
The Northern Illinois University Shooting Archive captures a wide variety of content related to the February 14, 2008 tragedy at NIU. It includes memorial and tribute sites, commercial and non-commercial media, and other relevant web-based materials. Developed and maintained by faculty and staff at Virginia Tech with the generous support of the Internet Archive, this collection is a counterpart to the April 16 Web Archive.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Shooting, campus shooting, Northern Illinois University
Archived since: Jul, 2011
A disastrous shooting event occurred in Norway in July 23, 2011.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Shooting, Norway
Date: July 23 2011
Archived since: Sep, 2011
The monsoon rains in Sindh province (Sept 2011), in southeastern Pakistan, have submerged more than 4.5 million acres of farming land, damaging an estimated 80% of cash crops. At least 5.5 million people have so far been affected, with more than 200 dead.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Floods, Pakistan
Creator: kiran
Date: September 15 2011
Archived since: Sep, 2011
Massive Flooding hit Philippine Capital on Tuesday as typhoon winds and rains isolated the historic old city where residents waded in waist-deep waters dodging tree branches and debris. At least seven people were killed
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Philippines, Floods
Creator: kiran
Date: September 28th 2011
Archived since: Sep, 2011
The Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash occurred on 7 September 2011 at 16:02 local time, when a Yak-Service Yakovlev Yak-42 passenger aircraft, carrying the professional ice hockey team and coaching staff of Lokomotiv Yaroslavl of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), crashed near Yaroslavl, Russia. Preliminary reports say that all but two people (one player and one crew member) who were on board are confirmed dead
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Plane, Russia, Hockey, Crash
Creator: kiran
Date: Sept 7 2011
Archived since: Aug, 2013
Atlanta School Shooting
Subject: Spontaneous Events
Creator: Christopher Jones
Archived since: Sep, 2011
At 6.8 on the Richter scale, September 18th 2011 evening's quake was the worst earthquake in 20 years for the northeast. As many as 20 after-shocks have been experienced in Sikkim since Sunday. The death toll of the 6.8 magnitude earthquake that hit Sikkim on Sunday evening has reached 62. Sikkim is the worst hit with 38 casualties, 10 deaths have been confirmed in Bihar and West Bengal and 14 in Nepal and Tibet.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, earthquake, india
Creator: kiran
Date: September 19 2011
Archived since: Oct, 2011
Islamist militants detonated a truck bomb Tuesday in front of the education ministry in Somalia's capital as students and parents crowded around to learn about scholarships, killing at least 70 people and wounding dozens, officials said.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Bomb Blast, Somalia
Creator: kiran
Date: October 19th 2011
Archived since: Apr, 2011
Storms and tornadoes in the south-eastern part of US in Apr 2011
Subject: Spontaneous Events, storms, United States, South-Eastern
Creator: Virginia Tech
Date: April 28 2011
Archived since: Sep, 2011
The 2011 Texas wildfires are an ongoing series of wildfires that peaked in April and May 2011 and by September 5 had burned over 3,582,000 acres across Texas, United States.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, United States, Wild Fire, Texas
Creator: kiran
Date: September 7th 2011
Archived since: Apr, 2013
On April 17, 2013, an ammonium nitrate explosion occurred at the West Fertilizer Company storage and distribution facility in West, Texas, 18 miles (29 km) north of Waco while emergency services personnel were responding to a fire at the facility
Subject: Spontaneous Events
Archived since: Oct, 2011
At least 224 people have died in flooding in Thailand since mid-July and water has inundated the 400-year-old Chai Wattanaram temple in the ancient city of Ayutthaya, a World Heritage Site, officials said.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Floods, Thailand
Creator: kiran
Date: October 5th 2011
Archived since: Jan, 2012
This is an archive of Web pages about the anniversary of the Tucson shooting rampage in 2011, where 6 people died and multiple people wounded including a congresswoman Gabriel Gifford.
Subject: Spontaneous Events
Archived since: Jan, 2011
Collection pertaining to shootings in Tucson, AZ in Jan 2011.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Shooting, United States, Arizona
Creator: Virginia Tech
Date: 01/08/2011
Archived since: Oct, 2011
Turkey was struck by its most powerful earthquake in at least a decade Sunday, as a major tremor and at least seven aftershocks rattled the poor east of the country.
Subject: Spontaneous Events, earthquake, turkey
Creator: kiran
Date: October 24th 2011
Archived since: Nov, 2013
This is webpage archive about typhoon haiyan (yolanda) occurred in November 2013 in Philippines
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Typhoon Hurricane
Creator: Mohamed Magdy
Archived since: Sep, 2011
The 2011 Virginia earthquake occurred on August 23, 2011, at 1:51 pm EDT (17:51 UTC) in the Piedmont region of the U.S. state of Virginia. The epicenter, in Louisa County, was 38 miles (61 km) northwest of Richmond and 5 miles (8.0 km) south-southwest of the town of Mineral. The earthquake, along with a magnitude-5.8 1944 quake on the New York-Ontario border, is the largest to have occurred in the U.S. east of the Rocky Mountains since an 1897 quake centered in Giles County in western Virginia[5][6] whose magnitude has been estimated as 5.8 or 5.9. The damage was estimated by one risk-modeling firm at $200 million to $300 million, of which about $100 million was insured
Subject: Spontaneous Events, earthquake, United States, Virginia
Creator: Virginia Tech
Date: September 4th 2011
Archived since: Apr, 2011
A collection for global disaster events
Subject: Spontaneous Events
Creator: Virginia Tech
Archived since: Dec, 2011
The shootings happened in VirginiaTech where two people are shot
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Universities & Libraries, Shooting, virginia tech, United States
Creator: Kiran
Date: December 8th, 2011
Archived since: Apr, 2010
Virginia Tech April16 Shootings Remembrance
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Shooting, virginia tech, United States, Memorial
Creator: CTRnet Group
Type: April 16 2010
Archived since: Feb, 2011
Feb 2011 shootings in Youngstown, OH
Subject: Spontaneous Events, Shooting, campus shooting, United States, Ohio
Date: Feb 8th 2011
Archived since: Sep, 2011
A ferry capsized off Zanzibar coast killing more than 200 people. 600 survivors are rescued
Subject: Spontaneous Events, ferry, zanzibar
Date: September 11 2011
Page 1 of 1 (66 Total Results)


text:
Roosevelt Island Southpoint Park Closed During United Nations General Assembly Meetings - September 14 Thru 27
The Roosevelt Island Operating Corp (RIOC) has issued the following advisories during the upcoming United Nations General Assembly Session. From RIOC:
And:South Point Park Closure
RIOC has been informed that the United States Department of State
will establish a Special Security Detail at South Point Park, in preparation for President Obama's visit to New York and attendance in the upcoming United Nations General Assembly meetings.
The State Department has also requested from RIOC the closure of
South Point Park, to the general public, from September 14th to September 27th.
Given the significance of the event, RIOC will be facilitating the State Department's request.
Thank you for your cooperation.
R.I. Bridge Advisory
NYC DOT Bridge Operations Unit and Koch/Skanska Contractors will be manning the Roosevelt Island Bridge for the United Nations General Assembly. Security Zone closures of the west channel of the East River will be in effect.
The crews will be on the Bridge from September 21, 2009 to September 30, 2009 between the hours of 7:00am - 7:00pm


text:
Wednesday, August 31, 2011
Fr. Ryan Erlenbush - Reconsiderations
35 comments:
- Royce Hood said...
Dear Father Ryan,
Thank you very much for your beautiful work! Especially for your humility.
Royce Hood
Founder / MariaNews.com
Student of Law / Ave Maria School of Law - August 31, 2011 at 5:20 AM
- A Sinner said...
I suppose what I find troubling, then, is this whole Thomistic distinction surrounding the attainment of Reason as regards grace.
Saying "No rational individual is denied grace without committing a personal mortal sin" sounds arbitrary. At that point, why should infants be either?
If we're positing (and this is clearly a matter beyond the scope of Revelation) that God offers grace extra-sacramentally to the non-baptized at the moment of attainment of Reason...we could just as well posit that He's infusing it (as in baptism) into the non-rational, or giving it to the otherwise personally innocent at the moment of their death, etc.
I know the idea is to exempt God from seeming like a monster for not even offering grace...yet, no one has a right to grace, and in any case, if this were monstrous, it would be just as monstrous, then, to deny it to the non-rational. - August 31, 2011 at 8:42 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
I'm going to copy here a comment (and my response) which comes from the earlier article on whether children can commit mortal sins.
El Eremita said...
Dear Father,
One question: If every unbaptized child commits a mortal sin upon entering age of reason, can it be said to be a truly a free act? If it is indeed free, then there must be an actual possibility of avoiding it.
I also have problems with the opinion that if an unbaptized child turns to God as his first rational act, he will merit the remission of original sin. What is the theological foundation of this opinion? I thought that only Baptism, the desire of it or martyrdom could do this.
Thanks in advance for your time and for this excellent blog.
August 31, 2011 6:03 AM
Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
El Eremita,
Great question! If you don't mind, I'm going to copy it over to the more recent post "Reconsiderations" - http://newtheologicalmovement.blogspot.com/2011/08/fr-ryan-erlenbush-reconsiderations.html - and I will answer it more fully there.
Briefly, I will state that it is almost certainly NOT the case that EVERY non-baptized child commits a mortal sin as his first rational act ... I do think (personally) that most do, but almost certainly not all.
Regarding the infusion of grace, the point is that there is a "baptism of desire" which tends toward the Sacrament of Baptism (either explicitly or implicitly). The Catholic Tradition has always maintained that it is possible for those who have not been baptized to be forgiven original sin and elevated in sanctifying grace through the baptism of blood/desire.
[most theologians agree that those who, through no fault of their own, no nothing at all about the Faith (e.g. little unbaptized children who have just reached reason) can make an implicit act of faith through a desire for God (even though they no nothing at all about the Trinity or the Incarnation).
I hope this helps!
Peace and blessings to you! +
August 31, 2011 9:36 AM
------------------------------------ - August 31, 2011 at 9:39 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
Thank you for the encouraging note. Wonderful to see that you are at the Ave Maria Law School!
Please do keep me in prayer, together with all priests, that we might truly follow after the Heart of our Savior. + - August 31, 2011 at 10:19 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
A Sinner,
You ask a very good question, let me try to explain St. Thomas' reasoning.
From Scripture, and from Tradition, it is clear that God offers grace to everyone who has the ability to respond (i.e. to those who have attained to the use of reason).
Also, again from both Scripture and Tradition, it is clear that the graces given to Jeremiah, John the Baptist, and (most especially) the Blessed Virgin Mary -- graces by which they were forgiven original sin while in the womb, wihtout the use of reason, and also without sacramental baptism -- are very special and unique graces.
Now, there is nothing in the Scriptures which would directly lead us to think that God regularly gives these special graces (esp. that given to Jeremiah and John the Baptist who were both called from the womb and sanctified by the Spirit) to millions upon millions of children.
Hence, though from the perspective of reason alone the distinction may seem a bit arbitrary (at least on the surface), when we recall that this is a matter which is beyond reason and can only be known through Revelation, we must recognize that St. Thomas (and the whole tradition) has a good point.
It is, in fact, a matter of Church teaching that God does offer grace to all who have attained to the use of reason -- everyone is given at least sufficient grace, such that if they cooperate with that grace they would receive sanctifying grace and be saved.
Children who lack reason are not able to cooperate with sufficient grace -- even in baptism, they are moved entirely by grace and not by the free choice of their will (neither are they moved against their will, for they have no use of free will either to accept or reject grace).
We simply must hold that sufficient grace is given to all and therefore all adults have a real possibility of being saved.
This is not because God is bound to offer grace, but because he has promised that he will do so -- he revealed to us that no rational person is damned except for personal mortal sin. He has promised us that everyone is given grace sufficient unto salvation (but, as far as we can tell, children without reason are not able to be saved without the sacrament of baptism).
I hope that this is somewhat clear. I know it is a difficult subject! + - August 31, 2011 at 10:28 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
n.b. Obviously the Blessed Virgin is a different case than Jeremiah and John, since she was not forgiven original sin but was preserved from it.
However, I include her in the discussion since most of the theologians of the tradition included her -- now we know even more clearly how special and unique the graces given her really were (and here we see the beautiful development of Doctrine)! + - August 31, 2011 at 10:31 AM
I don't think you've been too harsh or authoritarian, Father. As a matter of fact, it is very refreshing to me to see bold expositions on the Faith, explanations given with force and clarity which highlight the necessity for our acceptance of those aspects of the Faith which are defined dogma. With the pervasive influence of modernism in the Church, we the faithful are often presented with either watered-down catechesis, or dissembling relativistic explanations of the Faith that leave one feeling disoriented and confused, at best. Although I do not often comment, I have found your expositions a very refreshing change of pace, and have given me much hope regarding the younger generation of priests entering the Church. Perhaps I like the Faith presented in a more clear cut manner than some, but I think that clear presentation is in the best traditions of the Faith and is very badly needed at this time.
May God continue to bless you and your apostolate abundantly. - August 31, 2011 at 2:16 PM
Actually, here's a question for you. Can we, through repeated commission of grave sins and being completely unrepentant for them, ever so engage God's Justice that He would damn us while still alive? Is there ever a point where a sinner can sin so much that he cannot repent? I've always believed that was not possible, that God's infinite Mercy is always active until the moment of our particular judgment, but a friend has presented me with some analysis of St. Thomas Aquinas' writings that seems to indicate that the Angelic Doctor did believe that God might cut off the Graces necessary for repentance to someone who is still alive on this earth. My friend also claims that St. Alphonse Ligouri may have thought similarly, but I haven't been able to find any quotes supporting that claim.
This is a big topic, perhaps worthy of a post, if you haven't already done one on it! Any thoughts? - August 31, 2011 at 2:21 PM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
Thank you for the kind words and encouragement!
Regarding the gift of grace.
St. Alphonsus had a great insight in this regard -- we are always given the graces needed to pray. And if we pray and ask for more grace, it will be given. And then, if we continue to cooperate with grace (esp. through prayer) we will certainly be converted and saved.
Hence, there is no time (in life) when a sinner is utterly abandoned, since he always has at least the grace necessary to pray and so obtain more graces.
Hope that helps. +
[perhaps I will get the time to make a post on this at some point] - August 31, 2011 at 3:18 PM
- Bernardus said...
Dear Fr. Ryan,
I would believe that your comments could be mistaken as harsh or terse, but I have never found that the case in reviewing them. Perhaps I have never found myself on the receiving end and that makes the difference. As to the authority and clarity of your teaching, I find it refreshing given what most of us "pew sitters" usually are exposed to. I also find every post quite challenging in that I would research my responses and "dig into the matter" as it were. In my mind, and prayer, I want to learn what a particular Church Father or Council or Theologian etc. is bringing completely to the post. That being said, I spend more time researching than offering comment or opinion.
Again, I think you are doing a fine work here. I keep you daily in my prayers. Please continue to pray for me.
Peace and blessings to you.
Ernie(aka Bernardus) - August 31, 2011 at 3:44 PM
- Fr. Gabriel Burke C.C. said...
Dear Father,
I for one value your blog. As one who ended formal theology when I was ordained and try to keep up with theology as best I can. I find your blog a great help.You have especially helped me in learning more about the Fathers. It might seem strange to you but in seminary apart from St Augustine we hardly touched on the Fathers. Since then I have tried to read as mush as possible their writings.
Keep up the good work and be assured of my prayers. - August 31, 2011 at 4:29 PM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
@Fr. Burke and Bernardus,
If Fr. Martin and I can be a help to getting the Fathers and Doctors of the Church to be more well known, then NTM is a grand success! + - August 31, 2011 at 4:40 PM
Fr Ryan,
Regarding you reconsideration concerning the validity of the Sacement of Reconciliation, it is good of you to have retracted yourself, because, as you say, it was misleading. Of course, a penitent should strive to make his penance, but saying the Sacrament was invalid it he omitted it was just plain wrong. All the best.
George - August 31, 2011 at 5:18 PM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
George, I'm not sure you if you intentionally misrepresenting my earlier article or if you are truly mistaken.
[in any case, it is not particularly charitable to say that I was "just plain wrong", especially since you don't even understand what I said in the first place]
I never said that confession was invalid if a penitent simply omitted to complete his penance.
What I had said was that the penance would be invalid if the penitent refused to do any form of penance whatsoever and did not even have any intention of making satisfaction for his sins.
It must be recalled, however, that contrition implies also the desire to make satisfaction -- hence, if a penitent lacks any desire at all to complete any sort of penance whatsoever (i.e. he explicitly refuses to complete any satisfaction at all), then he lacks even imperfect contrition.
This would be a very serious fault indeed -- it could invalidate the sacrament, through compromising the requirement of (at least imperfect) contrition.
All the best to you. + - August 31, 2011 at 5:27 PM
@ Fr Elenbush 5:27 pm
''I never said that confession was invalid if a penitent simply omitted to complete his penance.
What I had said was that the penance would be invalid if the penitent refused to do any form of penance whatsoever and did not even have any intention of making satisfaction for his sins.''
Sorry Father, this comment clearly shows you are still not clear on the fact that Sacrament is valid even if no penance is made by the penitent. - August 31, 2011 at 5:34 PM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
Anon (5:34pm) [presumably Gregory],
1) please remember to use a pseudonym
2) I wish you would read my comment more carefully - since you still clearly do not recognize that my whole claim was never about whether the penance is "made" or "completed" by the penitent, but on the quality of the contrition (which requires some desire to make satisfaction).
3) To be very clear: There are many many many cases in which the Sacrament of Reconciliation has been and will be valid even though the penitent has not in fact completed the penance.
The sacrament is always valid before the penance is completed, so long as the priest says the proper words with the proper intention and the penitent has contrition and makes an integral confession (to the best of his ability, as the Church herself teaches).
My point is that contrition itself at least implicitly contains a desire to make satisfaction (i.e. to do some sort of penance) for our sins. Without a desire (at least an implicit desire) to make satisfaction, we do not have contrition and therefore we do not have a valid sacrament.
Sorry Gregory, your comment shows that you are making no effort to read my comments or articles in a spirit of charity ... in fact, you are very clearly misrepresenting what I have expressly stated. - August 31, 2011 at 8:28 PM
@ Fr .Erlenbush 8:28 p.m
Contrition and confession with absolution are indispensable for the validity of the Sacrament. But the penance of the penitent is essential only for "the completeness or the fruitfulness of the sign," not for the validity of the Sacrament.
The satisfaction of Christ's sacrifice on the Cross, and of the penitent's contrition and confession are sufficient for a valid Sacrament, even without any acts of penance.
George - August 31, 2011 at 8:35 PM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
George (sorry I confused your name earlier),
I completely agree with everything you said in your comment of 8:35pm.
Good, I'm glad we agree!
And, btw, true contrition requires the desire to make satisfaction for our sins (at least an implicit desire). Hence, anyone who explicitly refuses and rejects any act of satisfaction (i.e. penance) does not really have contrition for sin.
Now, if contrition is lacking (as you yourself admit) the sacrament will be invalid.
"Penance requires . . . the sinner to endure all things willingly, be contrite of heart, confess with the lips, and practice complete humility and fruitful satisfaction." (CCC 1450, Roman Catechism II,V,21, cf Trent [DS 1673])
And our Savior himself said: "Do penance, for the Kingdom of heaven is at hand!"
Without at least the desire to make satisfaction and do penance, there is no true contrition.
In any case, I am truly glad that we have come to an agreement! + - August 31, 2011 at 8:45 PM
@ Fr. Erlenbush 8: 45
No Father, we don't agree. Even if someone refuses and rejects any act of satisfaction - although they should not - this does not affect the validity of the Sacrament.
The acceptance of a particular penance assigned by the priest is not absolutely required for validity, nor for the forgiveness of sin, and no magisterial source makes such an assertion.
George - August 31, 2011 at 8:53 PM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
Is it malice or ignorance that keeps you from reading my comments and articles carefully?
Let me say it again (quoting from the above article): " I would suppose that, on account of ignorance or confusion or misunderstanding, it has occurred (perhaps even quite often) that a particular penitent has not intended to fulfill the penance of the priest and, because this was not a purposeful and intentional fault, the sacrament has been received in a subjectively worthy manner."
Hence, even though it may happen that a penitent does not intend to fulfill the particular penance given by the priest it is quite possible that the sacrament be received not only validly but also worthily (due to ignorance).
[so, I think we are in agreement after all]
The Catechism of Trent teaches us that true contrition requires the desire to complete some sort of penance:
"In the next place, our contrition must be accompanied with a desire of confessing and satisfying for our sins."
"Only that satisfaction constitutes part of the Sacrament which, as we have already said, is offered to God for sins at the command of the priest. Furthermore, it must be accompanied by a deliberate and firm purpose carefully to avoid sin for the future."
"Such being the nature of satisfaction, it will not be difficult to convince the faithful of the necessity imposed on the penitent of performing works of satisfaction."
In fact, if a penitent were totally contrary to any act of satisfaction -- not even desiring to make amends for his sins or to complete any sort of penance whatsoever -- the priest should not grant absolution.
Why, after all, do you think it has been called the "Sacrament of Penance"? Perhaps because penance (or at least the desire to make satisfaction) is an integral and necessary part of the sacrament insofar as it is connected (at least implicitly) with contrition?! - August 31, 2011 at 9:17 PM
Fr. Ryan,
Given your comments above, it is not clear whether the mere implicit desire to make some type of satisfaction is required for validity, or whether the willingness to accept the penance chosen by the priest is also necessary. Could you clarify?
Tomas - September 1, 2011 at 8:36 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
I'm not sure what is still confusing ...
Contrition is required for validity. And contrition implicitly contains a desire to make satisfaction for sin.
Hence, explicit and total rejection (knowing and free) of any sense of satisfaction for sin would make the sacrament invalid.
Willingness to accept the penance from the priest is required for a worthy reception -- and this penance can be negotiated, if it seems too hard.
Please re-read my article above ... it's all there. - September 1, 2011 at 11:58 AM
I would not consider myself to have satisfied the requirements for a good confession if I did not do the penance as prescribed by the priest, and in a very timely manner. I had never thought of people who would willfully not do the penance?
Most penances today are so light, anyway! The most time consuming I've ever gotten is to say a Rosary. As if that's a chore! Woo-hoo! Another Rosary! - September 1, 2011 at 2:21 PM
- A Sinner said...
"This is not because God is bound to offer grace, but because he has promised that he will do so -- he revealed to us that no rational person is damned except for personal mortal sin."
Did He?
I'm not sure there is a dogma saying that (assuming "damned" includes Limbo). The inclusion of the rational/non-rational distinction of persons (which is later) seems oddly specific to be a point of Revelation.
After all, as regards the OLD dispensation at least, Dante (not that I'm claiming he was a theologian, but he does represent significant tradition) imagined Socrates and Plato and Homer in Limbo with the infants.
If adults with original-sin-but-not-mortal could be non-heretically imagined as remaining in Limbo from before Christ, I don't see why that changes after Christ (though I know Aquinas, based on what I can glean from the articles on circumcision and pre-Christ justification, might not agree with Dante).
"He has promised us that everyone is given grace sufficient unto salvation (but, as far as we can tell, children without reason are not able to be saved without the sacrament of baptism)."
Revelation doesn't allow us to presume the extra-sacramental salvation of adults either. The former fact (about sufficient grace) doesn't guarantee extra-sacramental grace either, as it's possible all these sufficient graces have been providentially arranged (for those who accept them) to lead to the reception of actual water baptism. Seems "unlikely" perhaps, but not impossible. - September 2, 2011 at 8:55 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
A Sinner,
It is very strange that Dante puts adults in the Limbo of Hell ... Certainly, in this regard, he is not following the Fathers or Doctors of the Church.
St. Thomas Aquinas (following the Church Fathers) asserts that it is not possible for an adult (or anyone with reason) to have simply original sin without also mortal sin.
I wrote about this a while back ... it may help to check out that post: http://newtheologicalmovement.blogspot.com/2011/03/can-children-commit-mortal-sins.html
[for an unbaptized person, his first rational act will either be a mortal sin or a grace-filled turning to the Lord which frees him from original sin.]
Regarding whether God always gives at least sufficient grace to all the living ... that is a matter of faith ... we MUST hold to this. In fact, to deny the real possibility of salvation to all people (through the gift of sufficient grace) is part of the heresy of Calvin.
Consider the teaching of Gaudium et Spes: "since Christ died for all men, and since the ultimate vocation of man is in fact one, and divine, we ought to believe that the Holy Spirit in a manner known only to God offers to every man the possibility of being associated with this paschal mystery" (GS 22) - September 2, 2011 at 10:39 AM
- A Sinner said...
"Regarding whether God always gives at least sufficient grace to all the living ... that is a matter of faith ... we MUST hold to this."
I wouldn't deny that at all.
What I would question is whether this necessarily implies extra-sacramental justification (perhaps the actual sufficient graces, for those who accept them, DO always lead to water baptism), and also, on the other hand, the seeming limitation of the living to the rational.
"for an unbaptized person, his first rational act will either be a mortal sin or a grace-filled turning to the Lord which frees him from original sin."
This seems a scholastic construction, though, NOT a dogma of Revelation in any sense of the word, and one which does not even seem to sit well with anyone's memories of their first rational act.
Mortal sin requires full knowledge, no? It seems absurd to claim that all these children, upon reaching the age of reason, suddenly commit a mortal sin on account of some abstract consideration of the nature of the self in relation to God that no one actually remembers making.
My real objection to this line of though, however, is the seeming semi-pelagianism in it all. I wouldn't deny that adults have reason and free will in a way that infants do no, but I question how much this has to do with the mechanics of salvation.
As if in baptized infants it's "all grace" doing the moving but that adults can somehow "earn" salvation through an act of free cooperation with God. Yes, albeit, we'd say the cooperation is itself a grace in some sense (especially in the Thomistic understanding of soteriology and predestination). But there is no particular reason to think this cooperation should be necessary.
We know God can simply infuse grace (as in baptized infants), so why He'd make its extra-sacramental reception dependent on an act of the will...raises not only the question of why deny it to non-baptized infants, but also the question of why still require baptism for adults!?
If all we need is an act of the will for this extra-sacramental justification...well, it leads to a LOT of mental gymnastics seemingly (about most people's first act being a mortal sin, etc) to justify it.
It is at this point which theological speculation beyond the actual contents of Revelation (and, indeed, into matters that seem deliberately non-revealed for a reason)...starts to seem absurd, even prying, in a manner to which I think the Orthodox rightly object. - September 2, 2011 at 11:01 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
@A Sinner,
1) The reference to the Orthodox, to the "rigidity" of scholasticism, and to semi-pelagianism are all red-herrrings.
2) btw, you are accusing both St. Thomas (the common doctor) and St. Augustine (the doctor of grace) of "semi-pelagianism", on the one hand, and "rigidity", on the other...
3) Grace cannot move in a rational person without also moving their free will. There is no way for an adult to be saved without a choice of the free will -- and this choice is itself moved by grace.
4) Regarding our own memories of childhood ... recall, St. Thomas is speaking about non-baptized children. Also, remember that modern man is far too sentimental about childhood.
5) The question of extra-sacramental graces is indeed an open one. It does seem that any "baptism of desire" though would be potentially connected with the sacrament, as tending toward it.
6) I hope that you do go and look at the article (at least the quotations from the Summa), since anyone who looks at it honestly would never speak of it so derogetorily ... calling it a "scholastic construction" (as though St. Augustine didn't hold it!) or "absurd prying" ... these are Doctors of the Church, how bout a little respect?
Peace. + - September 2, 2011 at 11:10 AM
- A Sinner said...
I'm saying there is a tendency in Western thought to a legalism and rationalism to which I think the East is a necessary balance, and that this is in some ways the case par excellence for demonstrating that.
To me, these all seem needless speculations and, indeed, to posit what is "likely" and "not likely" without any real way of saying that (this is God we're talking about after all, attempting to "predict" His behavior outside what He has revealed seems like something of a dead-end).
To me, it seems enough to say:
A) Water baptism is the only Revealed means we have been given for justification (post-Christ, at least) for both the rational and non-rational;
B) God's hands are not bound by the Sacraments;
C) God truly desires the salvation of all and offers all sufficient grace to be saved.
I'm not sure why any speculation beyond this is needed. A tells us what WE have to do with urgency (not being able to presume, before-the-fact, on anything else), B and C allow for hope (though not presumption) after-the-fact for extra-sacramental salvation by non-revealed means. There is an elegance there.
On the other hand, the traditional Western take seems convoluted in its desire to explain what God has specifically (and, I assume, deliberately) left unexplained in Revelation, and puts a LOT of emphasis on the rational/non-rational distinction between persons. - September 2, 2011 at 12:06 PM
- A Sinner said...
The traditional Western model seems to build up the following tower of speculation:
1) It declares that it is "likely" (almost treating it a certainty!) that God saves some who make an act of good will (almost as if they have a right to it at that point, or at least that it could be assumed).
2) But, the other side of the coin, then also posits (against empirical evidence, merely based on an abstraction about the nature of the first act of the will) that most [unbaptized] people's first free act is likely of bad rather than good will. Mainly, it seems, to "maintain the appearances" and explain why evangelization and adult baptism is still urgent.
3) While, at the same time, positing that it is unlikely that God saves unbaptized infants, and that they go to Limbo.
The estimates of "likelihood," however, seem presumptuous, as speaking of what is "likely" in terms of God's behavior seems the height of folly.
Specifically, the likelihood of 1 seems based on the dogma that God provides all with sufficient grace for salvation. And there is an assumption that (based on how the situation of the world looks) this must mean some people are being saved extra-sacramentally (say, pre-Columbian Amerindians, etc) because there are some people who never even get the option.
However, as I've said above...we have no idea. Perhaps God DOES arrange (even miraculously) for justification by actual water baptism for any adults who respond to the actual preparatory graces (I think even Aquinas discussed this possibility). And/or perhaps all the adults who never even hear the Gospel are people who reject the sufficient grace anyway (and so, in His providence, it didn't matter if God placed them where water baptism would be impossible). There is really no way to call this more or less likely than anything else.
The likelihood of 2 is posited, but built on the already flimsy assumptions made to explain the "likelihood" of 1...and seems basically a way to explain why baptism and evangelization are still urgent given the possibility admitted in 1.
And then 3's unlikelihood is based merely on a LACK of evidence, or some notion that the extra-baptismal infusion of grace for John the Baptist and Mary was extraordinary. Of course, there are tons of problems with this. For one, they were born before Christ, and justification wasn't tied to baptism then anyway. Two, perhaps what's special about these cases is merely that they received the infusion in the womb. But that doesn't say anything about whether God might, say, infuse grace for all other infants at the moment before death (once any and every chance of accomplishing justification through the Sacrament itself has run out).
Indeed, there is no Revelation of this latter possibility. But then, there is no Revelation stating that God's providing of sufficient grace to all implies extra-sacramental salvation of adults either (as I said, it could be that all people who respond DO get water baptism).
Really, we just don't know, so the speculation seems based on tenuous assertions of probability from a human perspective. But what seems probable from a human perspective...has little to do with how God actually is likely to act or not act. - September 2, 2011 at 12:11 PM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
A Sinner,
Yes, there is certainly some speculation here ... however, you are getting dangerously close to denying the old maxim: "Faith seeks understanding".
To say "It's a mystery, let's not think about it" would be a terrible mistake.
Also, it would be heretical to claim that only those can be saved who have been baptized with water. (the heresy of Fr. Fenney)
Therefore, I don't think it is too much speculation to state that it is possible that God saves some who have not been baptized with water.
Reading what you write about scholasticism reminds me of a man who looks at a beautiful work of art and thinks it restricted simply because it is within a frame. - September 2, 2011 at 3:25 PM
- David Urbanski said...
I am convinced that the somewhat forceful nature of your opinions is a "necessary evil," as a result of this less-than-perfect mode of communication.
It's so very important to have serious conversations with individuals, face to face, one on one. This blog is outstanding, but any blog or e-mail is missing body language: tone of voice, facial expressions -- blushing, smiling, gentle looks, harsher looks. Those things are crucial when communicating.
In a society of isolation and fast internet communication like ours, it's so very important to be clear quickly. I think we would meet someone slightly different if we came to see you personally, Father. - September 3, 2011 at 8:11 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
Thanks for the comment ... truly, I do try to soften my comments and articles when possible ... however, I also do not want this blog to show my personality since (as you mentioned) it is far more important to present the truth clearly and concisely.
In any case, I do thank you for presuming my good will in a spirit of charity. Also, thank you for your kind encouragement.
Many blessings to you! + - September 3, 2011 at 9:10 AM
Dear Father, what about the holy people who lived before Christ? Were they also in Limbo before Christ's descent into Hell? I think it would be odd if people like the prophets Abraham, Moses, and Jacob could have talked intimately to God (and even seen God) in their earthly life but were deprived of God's vision in the hereafter. What do you make of this? Thanks.
- September 7, 2011 at 9:19 AM
- Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
The just men before Christ did not go to the limbo of the children but to the limbo of the Fathers ... the two are very different, since the limbo of the Fathers is the fringe of heaven, but the limbo of children is the fringe of hell.
Thus, you are quite correct in your intuitions! + - September 7, 2011 at 8:41 PM
- DomJP said...
Father your opinion please. I have been invited on a retreat that involves abstaining from the most Holy Eucharist for 2 days and then receiving at Mass on the third 'to make it like the first time again'. This fills me with dread and puts me off what appears to be an otherwise worthwhile and solid retreat. How could turning down communion with God be of benefit to one in the state of grace? My whole life is centered on daily reception of the Body and Blood of Jesus and the very thought of a day without this supreme gift of love pains me. Your opinion please and any enlightenment from the Fathers or Saints would be morst appreciated. Dominic John Paul
- August 1, 2012 at 5:17 PM
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text:
The last throws of the 2009-2010 season hit a high note Friday night for the BISHOP IRETON boys (7-19) who knocked off Good Counsel 51-40 on senior night.
Holding a 35-34 lead through three quarters, the hosts began the final frame with a 10-0 run to put the game out of reach for Counsel, which entered the game ranked No. 9 in the area by the Washington Post.The Cardinals, losers of their last seven games, got 18 points from Antonio Rouse and 15 from Pat Hanifan to secure the win ahead of Wednesday night's regular season finale with Bishop McNamara (result unavailable at press time).
The Ireton girls (8-22) closed out their regular season Monday night with a73-65 loss to St. Mary's Ryken.
Despite a 27-point outting from Dexter Lindsey, the ST. STEPHEN'S / ST. AGNES boys squad (12-14) fell a game short of their 54th Annual Sleepy Thompson Tournament final Friday night, losing 57-50 to backyard rivals Episcopal.
The Saints dropped another two nailbiters since, losing by four to St. Albans in Saturday's consolation game and falling 53-52 to Bishop O'Connell on Monday night in the opening round of the Virginia Independent Schools state tournament.
On Friday night, the St. Stephen's girls lost their Independent School League opening round matchup 45-39 against Maret, while the EPISCOPAL girls also crashed out in the first round with a 71-43 loss to Georgetown Visitation.


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Chapter 7
Lehi's sons return to Jerusalem and invite Ishmael and his household to join them in their journey—Laman and others rebel—Nephi exhorts his brethren to have faith in the Lord—They bind him with cords and plan his destruction—He is freed by the power of faith—His brethren ask forgiveness—Lehi and his company offer sacrifice and burnt offerings. About 600–592 B.C.
1 And now I would that ye might know, that after my father, Lehi, had made an end of aprophesying concerning his seed, it came to pass that the Lord spake unto him again, saying that it was not meet for him, Lehi, that he should take his family into the wilderness alone; but that his sons should take bdaughters to cwife, that they might raise up dseed unto the Lord in the land of promise.
2 And it came to pass that the Lord acommanded him that I, Nephi, and my brethren, should again return unto the land of Jerusalem, and bring down Ishmael and his family into the wilderness.
3 And it came to pass that I, Nephi, did aagain, with my brethren, go forth into the wilderness to go up to Jerusalem.
4 And it came to pass that we went up unto the house of Ishmael, and we did gain favor in the sight of Ishmael, insomuch that we did speak unto him the words of the Lord.
5 And it came to pass that the aLord did soften the heart of Ishmael, and also his household, insomuch that they took their journey with us down into the wilderness to the tent of our father.
6 And it came to pass that as we journeyed in the wilderness, behold Laman and Lemuel, and two of the adaughters of Ishmael, and the two bsons of Ishmael and their families, did crebel against us; yea, against me, Nephi, and Sam, and their father, Ishmael, and his wife, and his three other daughters.
7 And it came to pass in the which rebellion, they were desirous to return unto the land of Jerusalem.
8 And now I, Nephi, being agrieved for the hardness of their hearts, therefore I spake unto them, saying, yea, even unto Laman and unto Lemuel: Behold ye are mine elder brethren, and how is it that ye are so hard in your hearts, and so blind in your minds, that ye have need that I, your byounger brother, should speak unto you, yea, and set an cexample for you?
9 How is it that ye have not hearkened unto the word of the Lord?
10 How is it that ye have aforgotten that ye have seen an angel of the Lord?
11 Yea, and how is it that ye have forgotten what great things the Lord hath done for us, in adelivering us out of the hands of Laban, and also that we should obtain the record?
12 Yea, and how is it that ye have forgotten that the Lord is able to do all athings according to his will, for the children of men, if it so be that they exercise bfaith in him? Wherefore, let us be faithful to him.
13 And if it so be that we are faithful to him, we shall obtain the aland of promise; and ye shall know at some future period that the word of the Lord shall be fulfilled concerning the bdestruction of cJerusalem; for all things which the Lord hath spoken concerning the destruction of Jerusalem must be fulfilled.
14 For behold, the aSpirit of the Lord bceaseth soon to strive with them; for behold, they have crejected the prophets, and dJeremiah have they cast into prison. And they have sought to take away the elife of my father, insomuch that they have driven him out of the land.
15 Now behold, I say unto you that if ye will return unto Jerusalem ye shall also perish with them. And now, if ye have choice, go up to the land, and remember the words which I speak unto you, that if ye go ye will also perish; for thus the Spirit of the Lord constraineth me that I should speak.
16 And it came to pass that when I, Nephi, had spoken these words unto my brethren, they were angry with me. And it came to pass that they did lay their hands upon me, for behold, they were exceedingly wroth, and they did abind me with cords, for they sought to take away my life, that they might leave me in the wilderness to be devoured by wild beasts.
17 But it came to pass that I prayed unto the Lord, saying: O Lord, according to my faith which is in thee, wilt thou deliver me from the hands of my brethren; yea, even give me astrength that I may bburst these bands with which I am bound.
18 And it came to pass that when I had said these words, behold, the bands were loosed from off my hands and feet, and I stood before my brethren, and I spake unto them again.
19 And it came to pass that they were angry with me again, and sought to lay hands upon me; but behold, one of the adaughters of Ishmael, yea, and also her mother, and one of the sons of Ishmael, did plead with my brethren, insomuch that they did soften their hearts; and they did cease striving to take away my life.
20 And it came to pass that they were sorrowful, because of their wickedness, insomuch that they did bow down before me, and did plead with me that I would aforgive them of the thing that they had done against me.
21 And it came to pass that I did frankly aforgive them all that they had done, and I did exhort them that they would pray unto the Lord their God for bforgiveness. And it came to pass that they did so. And after they had done praying unto the Lord we did again travel on our journey towards the tent of our father.
22 And it came to pass that we did come down unto the tent of our father. And after I and my brethren and all the house of Ishmael had come down unto the tent of my father, they did give athanks unto the Lord their God; and they did offer bsacrifice and burnt offerings unto him.


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Behold Your Little Ones
Last week I realized it had been a long time since I'd really looked into my children's faces.
I mean, really looked.
It was during a General Conference message by Jean A. Stevens who mentioned really looking into our children's faces and seeing them as they are and will become. Certainly I look at my children all day long. I look at them when they need me, when I feed them, bathe them and put them to bed. (Though not enough for their liking--they both have easily picked up the skill of turning my chin so I will look at them when they want my attention.)
But really soaked in their faces, their spirits? It had been awhile.
This week both of my babies were sick. There was nothing to be done but hold their hot, sweaty bodies--victims of actual spring fevers and massage their little feet (we call massages "nice" in our family, The Chief says, "Mom, I want nice.") Because they weren't moving at nearly the speed of which they normally function I could actually sit and look in their faces, examine their limbs and feel their souls.
And for the first time I noticed the tone of Ever's eyes--they are like the color of a cherry chocolate cake. And how her nest of feather hair is starting to curl softly in the back. She has a triangle birthmark, so very slight on her lower leg and speaking of those legs, they are growing long like Daddy's. And she's a sweetheart--a content little human with a strong helping of independence and an adoration for her father.
All of these discoveries surprised me, but none so much as the moment when I rocked my shivering, tired daughter in the rocking chair. Her fast breathing slowed down until deep gusts were coming out of her open mouth. She was asleep, finally. I rocked her for a bit longer before I attempted transitioning her into the crib. Only before I could stand, she awoke and sat suddenly straight up in my lap. For an intense second, she looked straight into my eyes as if she was remembering me. Without changing her fixated gaze, she then unraveled a hand out of her silky blanket and sweetly pinched my cheek like a Grandma to her offspring.
Then she turned her head and resumed heavy sleeping on my chest.
I need to look into my children's faces so they can see mine looking back at them. In that tiny second of non-verbal contact a massive impact of love is transmitted. I've never felt anything like it.


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Commissioner Mario Cordero Discusses Sustainable Port Management at the Organization of American States
On November 13, 2012, Federal Maritime Commissioner Mario Cordero participated in a panel discussion at the Organization of American States, on the topic of sustainable port management and environmental protection. Joined by maritime colleagues from the United States Coast Guard, the Port of Miami, Valencia Ports, the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, and the United States national section of the World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure, the Commissioner discussed the role of the Federal Maritime Commission and the importance of sustainable infrastructure development.
Drawing on the experience gained during his service as a Harbor Commissioner at the Port of Long Beach, Commissioner Cordero pointed out several successful examples where development was balanced with environmental protection. His remarks included the Green Port Policy along with the Clean Truck Program pursued by the Port of Long Beach. Both of these policies provide a leading model of environmental stewardship, benefiting not only the port, but the entire community around it.
The Commissioner noted that as environmental considerations become increasingly prevalent within the maritime industry, the FMC stands as an active partner to further best practices related to sustainable development.