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Unformatted text preview: Testing In ordinary computational practice by hand or by desk machines, it
is the custom to check ever step of the computation and, when an
error is found, to localize it by a backward process starting from
thefirsl point where the error is noted. Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics Testing and debugging are often spokentas a single phrase but they are not the
same thing. To over—simplify, debugging is what you do when you know that a pro—
gram is broken Testing is a determined, systematic attempt to break a program that
you think is working. Edsger Dijkstra made the famous observation that testing can demonstrate the
presence of bugs, but not their absence. His hope is that programs can be made cor—
rect by construction, so that there are no errors and thus no need for testing. Though
this is a fine goal. it is not yet realistic for substantial programs. So in this chapter
we'll focus on how to test to find errors rapidly. efficiently, and effectively Thinking about potential problems as you code is a good start. Systematic testing,
from easy tests to elaborate ones, helps ensure that programs begin life working cor—
rectly and remain correct as they grow Automation helps to eliminate manual pro—
cesses and encourages extensive testing. And there are plenty of tricks of the trade
that programmers have learned from experience. One way to write bug—free code is to generate it by a program. If some programs
ming task is understood so well that writing the code seems mechanical. then it should
be mechanized. A common case occurs when a program can be generated from a
specification in some specialized language. For example, we compile high-level lan-
guages into assembly code; we use regular expressions to specify patterns of text; we
use notations like SUMCAleSO) to represent operations over a range of cells in a
spreadsheet. In such cases, if the generator or translator is correct and if the specifica-
tion is correct, the resulting program will be correct too. We will cover this rich topic 139 140 TESTING CHAPTER 6 in more detail in Chapter 9; in this chapter we will talk briefly about ways to create
tests from compact specifications. 6.1 Test as 'You Write the Code The earlier a problem is found, the better. If you think systematically about what
you are writing as you write it, you can verify simple properties of the program as it is
being constructed, with the result that your code will have gone through one round of
testing before it is even compiled. Certain kinds of bugs never come to life. Test codelat its boundaries. One technique is boundary condition testing: as each
small piece of code is writtenfla loop or a conditional statement, for example-check
right then that the condition branches the right way or that the loop goes through the
proper number of times. This process is called boundary condition testing because
you are probing at the natural boundaries within the program and data, such as non-
existent or empty input, a single input item, an exactly full array, and so on. The idea
is that most bugs occur at boundaries. If a piece of code is going to fail, it will likely
fail at a boundary. Conversely, if it works at its boundaries, it's likely to work else-
where too. This fragment, modeled on fgets, reads characters until it finds a newline or fills a buffer: '2 int 1';
char sfMAX]; '2 ? '2 for (1' = 0; (s[i] : getcharO) l: '\n' &&'i < MAX—l; ++i)
(, ; "z s[-—i] = '\O'; Imagine that you have just written this loop. Now simulate it mentally as it reads a
line. The first boundary to test is the simplest: an empty line. If you start with a line that contains only a single newline, it's easy to see that the loop stops on the first iter-
ation with i set to zero, so the last line decrements 1' to -l and thus writes a null byte into s[-l], which is before the beginning of the array Boundary condition testing finds the error-i
If we rewrite the loop to use the conventional idiom for filling an array with input characters, it looks like this: for (i = 0; i < MAX—l; i++) 7 if ((s[i] z getcharO) == '\n')
1' break;
7 s[i] = '\O'; Repeating the original boundary test, it's easy to verify that a line with just a newline
is handled correctly: 1' is zero, the first input character breaks out of the loop, and SECflONfifl TEsrAsvouvmeETHecooE 141 '\O' is stored in SW}. Similar checking for inputs of one and two characters fol—
lowed by a newline give us confidence that the loop works near that boundary. There are other boundary conditions to check, though. If the input contains a long
line or no newlines, that is protected by the check that i stays less than MAX-l. But
what if the input is empty, so the first call to getchar returns EOF? We must check
for that: r 7 for (1' == 0; 1' < MAX—1; i++3 ? if Meiji} = getcharCD == '\n' H 5U] == EOF)
? break; :2 5U] = '\0'; Boundary condition testing can catch lots of bugs, but not all of them. We will return
to this example in Chapter 8, where we will show that it still has a portability bug. The next step is to check input at the other boundary, where the array is nearly
full, exactly full, and over-full, particularly if the newline arrives at the same time.
We won't write out the details here, but it's a good exercise. Thinking about the
boundaries raises the question of what to do when the buffer fills before a, '\n'
occurs; this gap in the specification should be resolved early, and testing boundaries
helps to identify it. I Boundary condition checking is effective for finding off-by—one errors. With
practice, it becomes second nature, and many trivial bugs are eliminated before they ever happen. c Test pre- and post-conditions. Another way to head off problems is to verify that
expected or necessary properties hold before (pro—condition) and after (post—condition)
some piece of code executes. Making sure that input values are within range is a
common example of testing a pro—condition. This function for computing the average
of n elements in an array has a problem if n is less than or equal to zero: e double angdouble aE}, int n)
{ int i; double sum; sum 2 0.0; for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
sum += a[i]; return sum / n; 7
? {2 } What should avg do if n is zero? An array with no elements is a meaningful concept
although its average value is not. Should avg let the system catch the division by
zero? Abort? Complain? Quietly return some innocuous value? What if n is nega— tive, which is nonsensical but not impossible? As suggested in Chapter 4. our prefer-
ence would probably be to return 0 as the average if n is less than or equal to zero: return n <= 0 ? 0.0 : sum/n; 142 TESTING CHAPTER 6 but there's no single right answer, The one guaranteed wrong answer is to ignore the problem. An article in the
November. 1998 Scientific Amerierm describes an incident aboard the USS Yorktown.
a guided—missile cruiser. A crew member mistakenly entered a zero for a data value,
which resulted in a division by zero, an error that cascaded and eventually shut down
the ship's propulsion system. The Yorktown was dead in the water for a couple of
hours because a program didn't check for valid input. Use assertions. C and C++ provide an assertion facility in <assert.h> that encour~
ages adding pre~ and post-condition tests. Since a failed assertion aborts the program.
these are usually reserved for situations where a failure is really unexpected and
there's no way to recover. We might augment the code above with an assertion
before the loop: assert(n > 0);
If the assertion is violated. it will cause the program to abort with a standard message: Assertion failed: n > 0, file avgtest C, line 7
Aborthrash) Assertions are particularly helpful for validating properties of interfaces because they
draw attention to inconsistencies between caller and callee and may even indicate
who's at fault. If the assertion that n is greater than zero fails when the function is
called. it points the finger at the caller rather than at avg itself as the source of trouble.
If an interface changes but we forget to fix some routine that depends on it, an asser-
tion may catch the mistake before it causes real trouble. Program defensively. A useful technique is to add code to handle "can't happen"
cases. situations where it is not logically possible for something to happen but
(because of some failure elsewhere) it might anyway. Adding a test for zero or nega—
tive array lengths to avg was one example. As another example. a program process—
ing grades might expect that there would be no negative or huge values but should check anyway: if (grade < 0 ll grade > 100) /* can't happen */
letter = '?'; else if (grade >= 90)
letter = 'A'; else This is an example of defensive programming: making sure that a program protects
itself against incorrect use or illegal data. Null pointers. out of range subscripts, divi~
sion by zero. and other errors can be detected early and warned about or deflected.
Defensive programming (no pun intended) might well have caught the zerovdivide problem on the Yorktown. SECTION 6.1 TEST AS YOU WRITE THE 0005 143 Check error returns. One often-overlooked defense is to check the error returns from
library functions and system calls. Retum values from input routines such as fread
and fscanf should always be checked for errors, as should any file open call such as
fopen. If a read or open fails, computation cannot proceed correctly. Checking the return code from output functions like fpri ntiC or fwri te will catch
the error that results from trying to write a file when there is no space left on the disk.
It may be sufficient to check the return value from fclose, which returns EOF if any
error occurred during any operation, and zero otherwise. fp = fopenCoutfile, "w"); while (. . .) /-:.- write output to outfile ~:.—/
fprinthfp, ...); if (feloseCfp) 2: EOF) { /~.2 any errors? -:e/
/* some output error occurred 96/ } Output errors can be serious. If the file being written is the new version of a precious
file, this check will save you from removing the old file if the new one was not writ- ten successfully. The effort of testing as you go is minimal and pays off handsomely. Thinking
about testing as you write a program will lead to better code, because that's when you
know best what the code should do. If instead you wait until something breaks, you
will probably have forgotten how the code works. Working under pressure, you will
need to figure it out again, which takes time, and the fixes will be less thorough and
more fragile because your refreshed understanding is likely to be incomplete. Exercise 6-1. Check out these examples at their boundaries, then fix them as neces—
sary according to the principles of style in Chapter 1 and the advice in this chapter. (a) This is supposed to compute factorials: int factorial(int n)
int fac;
fac = 1;
while (n-—)
fac *= n;
return fac; } (b) This is supposed to print the characters of a string one per line: 'i = 0;
do {
}while (s[i] != '\O'); 144 TESTING CHAPTER 6 (c) This is meant to copy a string from source to destination: void strcpyCchar *dest, char *src) { int 1'; .for (a a o; src[i] s: '\0'; 1++)
destfi] = srch'];
} ((1) Another string copy, which attempts to copy n characters from s to t: void strncpyCChar at, char w'rS, int n)
> {
while (11 > 0 && as != '\O'){
fit = *5;
t++; '?
(e) A numerical comparison: if (1' > 3')
printf("%d is greater than %d.\n", i, j); '2
7 el 5 9
i1 printf("%d is smaller than %d.\n", 1', j);
(f) A character class test: ? 1'ch >= 'A' && C <= 'Z'){
if (c <= 'L')
cout << "first half of alphabet";
else cout << "second haliC of alphabet"; D Exercise 6-2. As we are writing this book in late l998, the Year 2000 problem looms
as perhaps the biggest boundary condition problem ever. (a) What dates would you use to check whether a system is likely to work in the year
2000? Supposing that tests are expensive to perform, in what order would you do
your tests after trying January 1, 2000 itself? (b) How would you test the standard function crime, which returns a string represen-
tation of the date in this form: Fri Dec 31 23:58:27 EST l999\n\0 Suppose your program calls Ctime. How would you write your code to defend
against a flawed implementation? SECTION 5.2 SYSTEMATlC TESTING 145 (c) Describe how you would test a calendar program that prints output like this: January 2000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 ll 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31 (d) What other time boundaries can you think of in systems that you use, and how
would you test to see whether they are handled correctly? 6.2 Systematic Testing It's important to test a program systematically so you know at each step what you
are testing and what results you expect. You need to be orderly so you don't overlook
anything, and you must keep records so you know how much you have done. Test incrementally. Testing should go hand in hand with program construction. A
"big bang" where one writes the whole program. then tests it all at once. is much
harder and more time-consuming than an incremental approach Write part of a pro-
gram, test it, add some more code, test that, and so on. If you have two packages that
have been written and tested independently, test that they work together when you
finally connect them. For instance, when we were testing the CSV programs in Chapter 4, the first step
was to write just enough code to read the input; this let us validate input processing.
The next step was to split input lines at commas. Once these parts were working, we
moved on to fields with quotes, and then gradually worked up to testing everything. Test simple parts first. The incremental approach also applies to how you test fea»
tures. Tests should focus first on the simplest and most commonly executed features
of a program; only when those are working properly should you move on. This way,
at each stage, you expose more to testing and build confidence that basic mechanisms
are working correctly. Easy tests find the easy bugs. Each test does the minimum to
ferret out the next potential problem. Although each bug is harder to trigger than its
predecessor, it is not necessarily harder to fix. In this section, we'll talk about ways to choose effective tests and in what order to
apply them; in the next two sections, we'll talk about how to mechanize the process
so that it can be carried out efficiently. The first step, at least for small programs or
individual functions, is an extension of the boundary condition testing that we
described in the previous section: systematic testing of small cases. Suppose we have a function that performs binary search in an array of integers.
We would begin with these tests, arranged in order of increasing complexity: 146 TESTING CHAPTER 6 0 search an array with no elements
0 search an array with one element and a trial value that is
~ less than the single element in the array
- equal to the single element
a greater than the single element
¢ search an array with two elements and trial values that
— check all five possible positions
0 check behavior with duplicate elements in the array and trial values
~ less than the value in the array
* equal to the value
' greater than the value
1 0 search an array with three elements as with two elements
0 search an array with four elements as with two and three If the function gets past this unscathed, it's likely to be in good shape, but it could still
be tested further. This set of tests is small enough tr) perform by hand, but it is better to create a test
scaffold to mechanize the process. The following driver program is about as simple
as we can manage. It reads input lines that contain a key to search for and an array
size; it creates an array of that size containing values 1, 3, 5, and it searches the array for the key. /~x bintest main: scaffold for testing binsearch -.-.-/
int mainCvoid) {
int 1', key, nelem, arr[lOOO]; while (scanf("%d %d", &key, &nelem) != EOF) {
for (i = O; i < nelem; i++)
arr[i] = Zia-i + 1;
printf("%d\n", binsearcthey, arr, nelemD;
} return 0; } This is simpleminded but it shows that a useful test scaffold need not be big, and it is
easily extended to perform more of these tests and require less manual intervention. Know what output to expect. For all tests, it's necessary know what the right answer
is; if you don't, you're wasting your time. This might seem obvious, since for many
programs it's easy to tell whether the program is working. For example, either a copy
of a file is a copy or it isn't, The output from a sort is sorted or it isn't; it must also be
a permutation of the original input. Most programs are more difficult to characterizewcompilers (does the output
properly translate the input?), numerical algorithms (is the answer within error toler-
ance?), graphics (are the pixels in the right places?), and so on. For these, it's espe—
cially important to validate the output by comparing it with known values. SECTION 6.2 SYSTEMATlC TESTING 147 0 To test a compiler, compile and run the test files. The test programs should in
turn generate output, and their results should be compared to known ones.
To test a numerical program. generate test cases that explore the edges of the
algorithm, trivial cases as well as hard ones. Where possible, write code that
verifies that output properties are sane. For example. the output of a numerical
integrator can be tested for continuity, and for agreement with closed—form
To test a graphics program, it's not enough to see if it can draw a box: instead
read the box back from the screen and check that its edges are exactly where
they should be. If the program has an inverse, check that its application recovers the input.
Encryption and decryption are inverses. so if you encrypt something and can't decrypt
it, something is wrong. Similarly. lossless compression and expansion algorithms
should be inverses. Programs that bundle files together should extract them
unchanged. Sometimes there are multiple methods for inversion; check all combina-
tions. Verify conservation properties. Many programs preserve some property of their
inputs. Tools like WC (count lines, words, and characters) and sum (compute a check—
sum) can verify that outputs are of the same size, have the same number of words,
contain the same bytes in some order, and the like. Other programs compare files for
identity (cmp) or report differences (di ff). These programs or similar ones are read-
ily available for most environments, and are well worth acquiring. A byte-frequency program can be used to check for conservation of data and also
to spot anomalies like non-text characters in supposedly text'only files; here's a ver—
sion that we call freq: #include <stdio.h>
#inClude <Ctype.h>
#inClude <limits.h> unsigned long countEUCHARwMAX+l]; /* freq main: display byte frequency counts a/
int main(void)
int C;
while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
count[c]++; for (C = O; C <= UCHAR_MAX; c++)
if (count[C] l: O)
printf("%.2x %C %lu\n",
C, isprinttc) ? C : '—', count[c]);
return 0; } Conservation properties can be verified within a program, too. A function that
counts the elements in a data structure provides a trivial consistency check. A hash 148 TESTlNG CHAPTER 6 table should have the property that every element inserted into it can be retrieved.
This condition is easy to check with a function that dumps the contents of the table
into a file or an array. At any time, the number of insertions into a data structure
minus the number of deletions must equal the number of elements contained, a condia tion that is easy to verify. Compare independent implementations. Independent implementations of a library or
program should produce the same answers. For example,...
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- Phillips
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|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|March 17, 2014 01:48 PM EDT
LONDON, March 17, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportbuyer.com just published a new market research report:
Wireless Car Charging: Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2013-2018
Worldwide markets are poised to achieve significant growth as wireless car charging pads permit users to charge the electric auto without disconnecting/reconnecting cables. Electrical vehicle charging can be done anywhere just by driving the car over the charger and positioning it correctly to pick up the current.
Wireless charging in the automotive industry brings inductive power for EV cars. Short distance power transmission is based on magnetic induction. With this technology, power is transferred when the receiver is close to the transmitter. Magnetic induction has been used for decades in electronic equipment. It is good because it is simple, efficient, and safe. It is now being applied to charging for electric vehicles.
As power is induced through the primary charging coil, a magnetic field is produced. The magnetic field is received by the secondary coil. It is converted back into a voltage. Shielding can be added to either coil of the transformer system. The aim is to direct the field effects. This can be useful in multiple pad charging applications. The aim is to eliminate power cross-talk. Wireless inductive charging is gaining popularity for use in consumer rechargeable applications such as cordless power tools, net books, note books and other power-hungry rechargeable devices.
Market driving forces relate primarily to the need for efficient power generation for autos. Wireless car charger manufacturers are positioning car models with wireless charging to drive demand at the high end. Many electric vehicle car vendors are making wireless power a reality. Only two vehicles are supported now, the Chevy Volt and the Nissan Leaf.
Wireless power is an emerging technology that creates a better charging experience for consumers. Just as Wi-Fi replaced the need to use an Ethernet cable for Internet connectivity, so also wireless power is making recharging wirelessly a feature that is demanded by consumers with an electric vehicle. .
According to Susan Eustis, lead author of the WinterGreen Research team that prepared the study, "wireless car charging represents the major force impacting electrical charging. Car vendors are coming together to create standards and to leverage standards to gain competitive advantage with highly differentiated product sets."
Inductive wireless charging does not use as much grid electricity to achieve device charging. Electricity is generated in a coil. Inductive charging means the primary coil in the charger induces a current in the secondary coil in the device being charged.
Wireless charging is already available for-low power applications. The charging systems are suitable for electronic devices. Wireless chargers use magnetic induction. They offer the promise of being able to place a car over the charging device and have the electrical vehicle EV charge automatically — no fiddling with cables required. Remote power transfer is a complex business with some very fine tuning required to make it work well. Wireless charging is more accurately described as "inductive charging" because it uses magnetic induction.
Inductive charging uses magnetism to transmit energy. The current coming from the wall power outlet moves through the wire in the wireless charger, creating a magnetic field. The magnetic field creates a current in the coil inside the device. This coil is connected to the battery and the current charges the battery. Cars must have the appropriate hardware in them to support wireless charging — a device without the appropriate coil cannot charge wirelessly.
Consideration of wireless car charging market forecasts indicates that markets at $1.7 million will reach $4.6 billion by 2019. Growth comes as a result of the rapid adoption of electric vehicles that pushes the user base up by 2019. While wireless car charging is considered a perquisite for an EV, it is soon expected to become a necessary feature.
WinterGreen Research is an independent research organization funded by the sale of market research studies all over the world and by the implementation of ROI models that are used to calculate the total cost of ownership of equipment, services, and software. The company has 35 distributors worldwide, including Global Information Info Shop, Market Research.com, Research and Markets, Bloomberg, and Thompson Financial.
WinterGreen Research is positioned to help customers face challenges that define the modern enterprises. The increasingly global nature of science, technology and engineering is a reflection of the implementation of the globally integrated enterprise. Customers trust WinterGreen Research to work alongside them to ensure the success of the participation in a particular market segment.
WinterGreen Research supports various market segment programs; provides trusted technical services to the marketing departments. It carries out accurate market share and forecast analysis services for a range of commercial and government customers globally. These are all vital market research support solutions requiring trust and integrity.
This wireless car charger shipment analysis is based on consideration of the metrics for the number of electric cars shipped. Distributor and customer experience using the wireless car chargers is another factor that contributes to development of triangulation regarding market forecasts for the sector.
Wireless Charging in the Automotive Industry: Inductive Power for EV Cars 23
Market Driving Forces 23
Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging 25
Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Market Shares 26
Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Market Forecasts 28
Wireless Phone Chargers Market Definition And Market Dynamics
1.1 Wireless Car Charger Global Markets 30
1.1.1 Wireless Car Charger Operations And Performance 32
1.1.2 Wireless Car Charger Business and Technology Trends 32
1.1.3 Wireless Car Charging 32
1.1.4 Vehicle Sharing 34
1.2 Auto Industry 35
1.2.1 Electric Vehicle Economic Forces 36
1.2.2 Cars Represent 20% Of The US Economic Retail Spending 36
1.3 Electric Vehicle Design Trajectories 37
1.4 Electric Vehicle EVs 37
1.4.1 EVs Cost Effective In City Conditions 38
1.4.2 Lithium-Ion Car Batteries 38
1.4.3 Private-Public Partnerships 40
1.5 Lithium-Ion Battery Target Markets 41
1.6 Wireless Car Charging 45
1.7 Wireless Car Charger Health Implications 50
Wireless Phone Chargers Market Shares And Market Forecast
2.1 Wireless Charging in the Automotive Industry: Inductive Power for EV Cars 52
2.1.1 Market Driving Forces 52
2.1.2 Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging 54
2.2 Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Market Shares 55
2.2.1 Bosch / Evatran Group 57
2.2.2 Bosch Wireless Electric Car Charging Stations 58
2.2.3 Qualcomm Halo 58
2.2.4 Visteon 59
2.2.5 WiTricity WiT-3300 59
2.2.6 Intel 59
2.3 Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Market Forecasts 60
2.3.1 Electric Vehicle EV Market Forecasts and Installed Base 63
2.3.2 Electric Vehicle EV Market Forecasts 65
2.3.3 Wireless Charging for Electric Vehicles Percent Penetration of EV 68
2.3.4 Bosch Financing For Wireless Automotive Charging Installation 70
2.3.5 Wireless Charging Standards 70
2.3.6 Wireless Charging Competing Standards 71
2.3.7 Three Standards: Qi, PMA (Power Matter Alliance) Powermat, and A4WP (Alliance for Wireless Power) 71
2.3.8 Wireless Charging of Phones in Cars 72
2.3.9 Qi-Enabled Car Console Toyota 73
2.4 Inductive Charging 73
2.4.1 Inductive Power Wireless Car Charging 74
2.4.2 Benefits of Wireless Phone and Electronic Device Charging in Cars 75
2.5 Wireless Charging Energy Consumption ROI 75
2.6 Wireless Chargers for Cars Prices 76
2.7 Wireless Car Charging Regional Segments 77
Wireless Phone Chargers Product Description
3.1 Qualcomm Halo 79
3.1.1 Qualcomm Halo Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging 80
3.1.2 Qualcomm Business Model 83
3.1.3 Qualcomm IP Portfolio 84
3.1.4 Qualcomm R&D Capabilities 84
3.2 Bosch / Evatran Group 84
3.2.1 Bosch/Evatran Group Plugless L2 Inductive Power 85
3.2.2 Bosch / Evatran Group Plugless L2 Safety 86
3.2.3 Bosch / Evatran Group Energy - Plugless L2 Efficiency 86
3.2.4 Bosch / Evatran Needs Alignment Of The Vehicle Adapter and Parking Pad87
3.2.5 EVs Compatible With Bosch / Evatran Plugless L2 87
3.2.6 Bosch Wireless Electric Car Charging Unit $3,000 88
3.2.7 Bosch Power Max Home Charging Plug-In System 90
3.2.8 Evatran Group Supplies the Level 2 240-Volt Wireless Charging Unit 90
3.2.9 Bosch Financing For Wireless Automotive Charging Installation 91
3.2.10 Bosch Wireless Electric Car Charging Stations 91
3.3 Plugless Power Smarter EV Charging. 92
3.4 Evatran Group / Plugless Power 92
3.5 Plugless L2 Energy-Efficiency 94
3.6 Nissan Wireless Charging System 94
3.6.1 Nissan Advanced Parking Assist 95
3.6.2 Nissan Wireless Charging System 96
3.6.3 Nissan Wireless Charging Technology Configuration 96
3.7 Daimler 98
3.7.1 Daimler Tests Cordless Electric Vehicle Chargers 99
3.8 Conductix-Wampfler Inductive Power Transfer IPT® 100
3.8.1 Conductix-Wampfler IPT® Rail 101
3.9 WiTricity WiT-3300 102
3.9.1 WiTricity WiT-3300System 103
3.9.2 WiTricity WiT-3300 Development System 105
3.9.3 WiTricity Prodigy 105
3.10 Mitsubishi Concept CA-MiEV 106
3.11 Delphi Wireless Car Charging 106
3.12 Toyota 108
3.13 Visteon 109
Product Description Wireless Phone Chargers Technology
4.1 Short Distance Power Transmission 111
4.1.1 Inductive Charging 111
4.1.2 Inductive Charging Benefits 112
4.1.3 Electric Transport System Via Non-Contact Magnetic Charging 114
4.2 Wireless Charging Standards Bodies 114
4.2.1 Wireless Charger Qi Standard 115
4.2.2 Wireless Power Consortium Qi Standard 115
4.2.3 Qi and the Wireless Power Consortium 116
4.2.4 Qi and the Wireless Power Consortium 118
4.2.5 Qi Authorized Test Labs - 118
4.3 Alliance for Wireless Power (A4WP). 119
4.3.1 Spatial Freedom Product Design Issues 121
4.4 Power Matters Alliance 122
4.5 Operating Frequency for Loosely Coupled Wireless Power Transfer Systems 123
4.5.1 Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Systems 123
4.5.2 CISPR 11 Radiation Emissions Limits 124
Wireless Phone Chargers Company Description
5.1 Alliance for Wireless Power 126
5.2 Bosch Group 128
5.2.1 Evatran Group Plugless Sales Go Live with Bosch 128
5.2.2 Bosch Business Overview 129
5.2.3 Bosch Group Reorganized Its Business Sectors 130
5.2.4 Bosch Consumer Goods Sales 132
5.2.5 Bosch Automotive Technology Sales 133
5.2.6 Bosch Group 135
5.2.7 Bosch Healthcare Supports Independent Living At Home 135
5.2.8 Bosch Security Systems Division 136
5.2.9 Robert Bosch Healthcare 136
5.2.10 Robert Bosch Remote Patient Monitoring 138
5.2.11 Bosch Healthcare Telehealth Systems 138
5.2.12 Bosch Healthcare Health Buddy System 140
5.2.13 Bosch Addresses Role of Compliance in Telehealth Adoption 140
5.2.14 Bosch North America Veterans Health Administration 140
5.2.15 Bosch / VRI 143
5.2.16 Bosch Healthcare and GreatCall Partnership 144
5.2.17 Bosch Healthcare - Telehealth And Care Solutions 144
5.2.18 Bosch Group and Health Hero Network 145
5.3 Consumer Electronics Association 146
5.4 Conductix-Wampfler 147
5.5 Convenient Power 150
5.6 Daimler 150
5.6.1 Mercedes-Benz Qi For Wireless Charging Of Smartphones 153
5.6.2 Mercedes-Benz "Qi" Technology 153
5.6.3 Daimler Tests Cordless Electric Vehicle Chargers 154
5.6.4 Daimler AG/Mercedes-Benz 155
5.6.5 Daimler AG Revenue 156
5.7 Denso 156
5.8 Energizer 157
5.8.1 Energizer 160 Countries 158
5.8.2 Energizer Business 158
5.8.3 Energizer Industry Participation 159
5.8.4 Energizer Revenue 160
5.9 Good & Easy Technology 161
5.10 Google162
5.10.1 Google 2012 Corporate Highlights 162
5.10.2 Google Search 164
5.10.3 Google Revenue 165
5.10.4 Google Second Quarter 2013 Results 166
5.10.5 Google Revenues by Segment and Geography 169
5.10.6 Google / Motorola Headcount 169
5.10.7 Google / Motorola 170
5.11 HLC Electronics 171
5.11.1 HLC Electronics Utilizing Advanced Testing Equipment 171
5.13 Integrated Device Technology 172
5.13.1 Integrated Device Technology Business 173
5.13.2 Integrated Device Technology Revenue 176
5.13.3 Integrated Device Technology Communications Segment 176
5.13.4 Integrated Device Technology Communication Timing Products: 177
5.13.5 Integrated Device Technology Serial RapidIO Solutions 177
5.13.6 Integrated Device Technology Revenue 178
5.14 Intel 179
5.14.1 Intel joins A4WP Wireless Charging Group 179
5.14.2 Intel Company Strategy 180
5.14.3 Intel Architecture and Platforms 182
5.14.4 Intel Business Organization 182
5.14.5 Intel Product Set 184
5.14.6 Intel / McAfee 185
5.14.7 Intel Phone Components 185
5.14.8 Intel Non-Volatile Memory Solutions 185
5.14.9 Intel Revenue by Major Operating Segment 186
5.14.10 Intel Percentage of Revenue by Major Operating Segment 187
5.15 iPDA - Newlift Technologies 188
5.15.1 iPDA - Newlift Technologies Apple Mfi CM Licensee 189
5.16 JLW Communication Equipment 189
5.16.1 JLW Communication Equipment Strict Quality Control and Service 189
5.17 Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 190
5.18.1 LG Core Capabilities 191
5.18.2 LG Growth Strategies 191
5.18.3 LG Revenue by Segment 192
5.19 MAPTech Co. 192
5.19.1 MAPTech Releases An Average Of Four New Products Yearly 193
5.20 MC Power Technology 193
5.21 Microsoft / Nokia 194
5.21.1 Microsoft Key Opportunities and Investments 194
5.21.2 Microsoft Smart Connected Devices 194
5.21.3 Microsoft: Cloud Computing Transforming The Data Center And Information Technology 195
5.21.4 Microsoft Entertainment 196
5.21.5 Microsoft Search 196
5.21.6 Microsoft Communications And Productivity 197
5.21.7 Microsoft Revenue 197
5.21.8 Microsoft Customers 198
5.21.9 Microsoft .NET Framework 198
5.21.10 Nokia199
5.21.11 Nokia / Microsoft 200
5.21.12 Nokia Revenue 201
5.22 Nissan 203
5.22.1 Nissan Wireless Charging System 203
5.22.2 Nissan Wireless Charging System 204
5.22.3 Nissan Advanced Parking System 204
5.22.4 Nissan Technology Configuration 204
5.22.5 Nissan Optimizes Product Development 206
5.22.6 Nissan Revenue 207
5.23 Procter & Gamble 208
5.23.1 Procter & Gamble / Duracell 209
5.23.2 Procter & Gamble / Duracell® Quantum 210
5.23.3 P&G/Duracell/Powermat 211
5.23.4 P&G / Braun 211
5.23.5 P&G Brands 211
5.23.6 Procter & Gamble Innovation 213
5.23.7 Procter & Gamble Brands 213
5.23.8 Procter & Gamble Go-to-Market 214
5.23.9 Procter & Gamble Scale 214
5.23.10 P&G Strategy 214
5.23.11 Procter & Gamble Improving Productivity and Creating a Cost Savings Culture 216
5.23.12 Procter & Gamble Strengthening Upstream Innovation Program and Pipeline217
5.23.13 P&G Revenue 218
5.24 Evatran Group / Plugless Power 218
5.25 PowerbyProxi: 222
5.25.1 PowerbyProxi Efficient Use Of Energy 222
5.25.2 PowerbyProxi Technology 223
5.25.3 PowerbyProxi Wireless Standards 223
5.26 Power Matters Alliance 224
5.27 Qualcomm 226
5.27.1 Qualcomm Business 226
5.27.2 QMC Offers Comprehensive Chipset Solutions 227
5.27.3 Qualcomm Government Technologies 228
5.27.4 Qualcomm Internet Services 229
5.27.5 Qualcomm Ventures 230
5.27.6 Qualcomm Revenue 232
5.27.7 Qualcomm / WiPower 233
5.27.8 Qualcomm Standardization Capabilities 234
5.27.9 Qualcomm Regulatory and Compliance Capabilities 234
5.28 Rexpower Industrial Development 235
5.28.1 Rexpower 3,000 Models 235
5.28.2 Rexpower 5 Million Batteries Rolled Out Monthly 235
5.29 Samsung 235
5.29.1 Samsung Revenue 236
5.29.2 Samsung Finds Talent And Adapts Technology To Create Products 238
5.29.3 Samsung Adapts to Change, Samsung Embraces Integrity 239
5.29.4 Samsung Telecom Equipment Group 240
5.29.5 Samsung Electronics Q2 2013 Revenue 241
5.29.6 Samsung Memory Over Logic 242
5.30 Shenzhen Koeok Electronic Technology 243
5.30.1 Shenzhen Koeok Electronic Technology Strict QC Processes in Accordance with ISO Guidelines 243
5.31 Shineworld Innovations 244
5.31.1 Shineworld Innovations Factories 244
5.31.2 Shineworld Innovations Supported by Reliable and Skillful Workers 244
5.32 Texas Instruments 245
5.32.1 Texas Instruments Product Information 245
5.32.2 Texas Instruments Revenue 246
5.32.3 TI Transforms Mobile Charging 247
5.33 Toyota 248
5.33.1 Toyota Avalon Wireless Charging Pad 248
5.33.2 Toyota / Lexus 251
5.33.3 Toyota Revenue 252
5.33.4 Lexus 252
5.34 Visteon 253
5.35 Wireless Power Consortium 257
5.35.1 The Qi Interface Inspires Innovation 257
5.35.2 Wireless Power Consortium 258
List of Tables and Figures
Table ES-1 25
Wireless Car Charging Market Driving Forces 25
Table ES-2 26
Wireless Charging for Cars Market Driving Factors 26
Figure ES-3 28
Wireless Car Charging Pads Market Shares, Dollars, 2012 28
Figure ES-4 30
Wireless Car Charging Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, 30
2013-2019 30
Table 1-1 32
Wireless Car Charger Market Characteristics 32
Table 1-2 43
Principal Features Used To Compare Rechargeable Batteries 43
Figure 1-3 44
Examples of Electric Vehicles 44
Figure 1-4 45
Example of EnerDel Electric Vehicle 45
Figure 1-5 47
Wireless Car Charging Spans Nine Orders of Magnitude 47
Figure 1-6 48
Wireless Car Power Charger Star Network Topology Multi Device Architecture 48
Figure 1-7 49
Wireless Car Power Charger Receiving Unit and Transmitting Unit System Reference Model 49
Figure 1-8 50
Wireless Charging Provides Ubiquitous Power 50
Figure 1-9 51
Smart Devices Can Discover Wireless Power Transmitters 51
Table 2-1 54
Wireless Car Charging Market Driving Forces 54
Table 2-2 55
Wireless Charging for Cars Market Driving Factors 55
Figure 2-3 57
Wireless Car Charging Pads Market Shares, Dollars, 2012 57
Table 2-4 58
Wireless Car Charging Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, 2012 58
Figure 2-5 62
Wireless Car Charger Market Forecasts Units, Worldwide, 62
2013-2019 62
Figure 2-6 63
Wireless Car Charging Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, 63
2013-2019 63
Table 2-7 64
Wireless Car Charging Shipments Dollars, Worldwide, 2012-2019 64
Table 2-8 65
Electrical Vehicle Installed Base and Wireless Car Charging Shipments Dollars and Units, Worldwide, 2012-2019 65
Table 2-9 66
Electrical Vehicle Installed Base and Wireless Car Charging Shipments Dollars and Units, Worldwide, 2012-2019 66
Figure 2-10 67
Electric Vehicle EV Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide, 67
2013-2019 67
Table 2-11 68
Electrical Vehicle Shipments and Wireless Car Charging Market Penetration Dollars and Units, Worldwide, 2012-2019 68
Table 2-12 70
Wireless Car Charging Market Penetration of Electrical Vehicles EV Forecasts, Percent, Worldwide, 2012-2019 70
Figure 2-13 78
Wireless Car Charging Market Shares, Dollars, 2012 78
Table 2-14 79
Wireless Car Charger Regional Market Segments, Dollars, 2012 79
Figure 3-1 82
Qualcomm Halo WEVC System Technology 82
Table 3-2 83
Qualcomm Halo WEVC System Main Components 83
Figure 3-3 84
Qualcomm Halo Business Model 84
Figure 3-4 86
Bosch / Evatran Group Plugless L2 Efficiently And Safely Charges Electric Vehicle EV86
Table 3-5 87
Bosch / Evatran Plugless Technology Efficiency 87
Figure 3-6 89
Bosch Wireless Electric Car Charging Unit 89
Figure 3-7 90
Bosch Wireless Electric Car Charging Adapter Unit 90
Figure 3-8 94
Plugless Power Wireless Charging 94
Figure 3-9 96
Nissan Wireless Charging Technology Functionality 96
Figure 3-10 98
Nissan Wireless Charging Technology 98
Table 3-11 103
Conductix-Wampfler IPT Benefits 103
Figure 3-12 105
WiTricity WiT-3300 105
Table 3-13 105
WiTricity WiT-3300 Components 105
Figure 3-14 108
Delphi WiTricity Wireless Car Charging 108
Table 4-1 114
Inductive Charging Benefits 114
Table 4-2 119
Wireless Power Consortium Qi Authorized Test Labs - 119
Table 4-3 121
Wireless Power and Human Exposure 121
Table 4-4 122
Wireless Power Product Spatial Freedom Design Issues 122
Table 4-5 123
A4WP Requirements Specification 123
Figure 4-6 125
CISPR 11 Radiation Emissions Limits 125
Figure 4-7 126
CISPR 11 International Limits for ISM 126
Table 5-1 127
Benefits of Alliance for Wireless Power Approach 127
Table 5-2 128
Alliance for Wireless Power Key Aims: 128
Figure 5-3 150
Conductix-Wampfler Handling systems 150
Table 5-4 152
Daimler Charging Coil Construction 152
Table 5-5 153
Daimler Wireless Charging Coil Uses 153
Table 5-6 175
Integrated Device Technology Product Differentiation 175
Table 5-7 176
Integrated Device Technology Applications 176
Table 5-8 182
Intel Key Objectives 182
Figure 5-9 184
Intel Business Organization 184
Figure 5-10 185
Intel Product Set 185
Table 5-11 201
Key Elements of Nokia's Strategy 201
Figure 5-12 204
Nissan Wireless Charging Technology Functionality 204
Figure 5-13 206
Nissan Wireless Charging Technology 206
Table 5-14 209
Procter & Gamble Components Of Reportable Business Segment Structure 209
Figure 5-15 211
Duracell Powermat 211
Figure 5-16 213
P&G Core Strength 213
Table 5-17 216
Procter & Gamble Long- Term Strategies 216
Table 5-18 217
Procter & Gamble Strengthening Core Business 217
Table 5-19 218
Procter & Gamble Cost Savings Programs 218
Table 5-20 220
Evatran Group Plugless Power Partners 220
Figure 5-21 222
Plugless Power Wireless Charging 222
Figure 5-22 237
Samsung Revenue by Segment 237
Figure 5-23 256
Visteon Summary 256
Figure 5-24 257
Visteon Progression to an Asia-Centric Business 257
Read the full report:
Wireless Car Charging: Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2013-2018
For more information:
Sarah Smith
Research Advisor at Reportbuyer.com
Email: [email protected]
Tel: +44 208 816 85 48
Website: www.reportbuyer.com
SOURCE ReportBuyer
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subset: commoncrawl


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|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|November 8, 2012 02:49 PM EST
WASHINGTON, Nov. 8, 2012 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- NASA has selected 39 small business proposals to enter into negotiations for Phase 2 contract awards through the agency's Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program. The SBIR program partners with small businesses to catalyze efforts to develop new technologies to support NASA's technology needs.
(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20081007/38461LOGO)
NASA will award contracts to 36 small high-technology firms in 17 states with a total value of approximately $27 million. These competitive, awards-based programs encourage U.S. small businesses to engage in federal research and development, and bring new technologies to the global marketplace.
"NASA's SBIR activities foster innovative approaches to technology development -- from concept to prototype to an eventual commercial product or service," said Michael Gazarik, director of the Space Technology Program at NASA Headquarters in Washington. "Phase 2 marks a major milestone for these projects; they've moved from the drawing board to the lab, solving tough technology problems that will enable NASA's future missions while bringing new, valuable products into our economy."
NASA's SBIR program enables businesses to explore new technologies and potentially profit from development of new commercial products and services. The program addresses specific technology gaps in agency missions and also strives to complement other NASA research investments. Program results have benefited many NASA efforts, including modern air traffic control systems, Earth-observing spacecraft, the International Space Station and the Mars rovers.
In addition to meeting NASA's needs, the Phase 2 proposals also provide innovative research in areas that have commercial applications. For example:
-- In support of NASA's aeronautics research, SBIR research will lead to the development of better software for verification and validation of flight-critical systems that will improve aviation safety. Selected research also will develop new cryo-cooling systems that could be used on future fuel-efficient airplanes powered by turboelectric motors. This technology also could be used for future alternative energy production using superconducting wind turbines.
-- As part of NASA's mission of scientific discovery, SBIR projects will develop new optical technology that can vastly improve our ability to detect extra-solar planets in the visible or near-infrared spectrum. These technologies will add innovation to America's multi-billion-dollar optical components industry.
-- To enable human exploration beyond Earth's orbit, NASA SBIR projects will explore new technologies for the next generation of radiation shielding materials needed to protect astronauts and spacecraft from the harmful effects of space radiation. These new radiation shielding materials could have Earth-bound applications as well, protecting first responders and our military from environments where harmful radiation might be present. New lightweight shielding also may dramatically reduce design and fabrication costs for nuclear medicine and radiation therapy applications.
The highly-competitive SBIR program is a three-phase award system. It provides qualified small businesses, including those owned by women and the disadvantaged, with opportunities to propose unique ideas that meet specific research and development needs of the federal government.
Phase 1 is a feasibility study to evaluate the scientific and technical merit of an idea. Awards are for up to six months. The selected Phase 2 projects will expand on the results of Phase 1 projects selected last year, with up to $700,000 to support research for up to two years. Phase 3 is for the commercialization of the results of Phase 2 and requires the use of private sector or non-SBIR federal funding.
Program participants submitted 246 Phase 2 proposals. Proposal selection criteria included technical merit and innovation, Phase 1 performance and results, value to NASA, commercial potential and company capabilities. NASA is making a limited number of new SBIR Phase 2 selections at this time, and expects to make a second round of Phase 2 awards in late spring of 2013, following passage of federal appropriations for the agency.
NASA's Ames Research Center at Moffett Field, Calif., manages the SBIR program for the agency's Space Technology Program. NASA's 10 field centers manage individual projects.
For a complete list of selected companies, visit: http://sbir.nasa.gov.
NASA's Space Technology Program is innovating, developing, testing, and flying technology for use in NASA's future missions and the greater aerospace community. For more information about NASA's Space Technology Program, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/oct.
Dion Hinchcliffe is an internationally recognized digital expert, bestselling book author, frequent keynote speaker, analyst, futurist, and transformation expert based in Washington, DC. He is currently Chief Strategy Officer at the industry-leading digital strategy and online community solutions firm, 7Summits.
Apr. 26, 2018 03:30 PM EDT Reads: 2,826
Digital Transformation is much more than a buzzword. The radical shift to digital mechanisms for almost every process is evident across all industries and verticals. This is often especially true in financial services, where the legacy environment is many times unable to keep up with the rapidly shifting demands of the consumer. The constant pressure to provide complete, omnichannel delivery of customer-facing solutions to meet both regulatory and customer demands is putting enormous pressure on...
Apr. 26, 2018 03:30 PM EDT Reads: 1,583
IoT is at the core or many Digital Transformation initiatives with the goal of re-inventing a company's business model. We all agree that collecting relevant IoT data will result in massive amounts of data needing to be stored. However, with the rapid development of IoT devices and ongoing business model transformation, we are not able to predict the volume and growth of IoT data. And with the lack of IoT history, traditional methods of IT and infrastructure planning based on the past do not app...
Apr. 26, 2018 03:00 PM EDT Reads: 7,844
"Akvelon is a software development company and we also provide consultancy services to folks who are looking to scale or accelerate their engineering roadmaps," explained Jeremiah Mothersell, Marketing Manager at Akvelon, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at 21st Cloud Expo, held Oct 31 – Nov 2, 2017, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA.
Apr. 26, 2018 02:00 PM EDT Reads: 4,410
DXWorldEXPO LLC, the producer of the world's most influential technology conferences and trade shows has announced the 22nd International CloudEXPO | DXWorldEXPO "Early Bird Registration" is now open. Register for Full Conference "Gold Pass" ▸ Here (Expo Hall ▸ Here)
Apr. 26, 2018 01:30 PM EDT Reads: 1,034
More and more brands have jumped on the IoT bandwagon. We have an excess of wearables – activity trackers, smartwatches, smart glasses and sneakers, and more that track seemingly endless datapoints. However, most consumers have no idea what "IoT" means. Creating more wearables that track data shouldn't be the aim of brands; delivering meaningful, tangible relevance to their users should be. We're in a period in which the IoT pendulum is still swinging. Initially, it swung toward "smart for smart...
Apr. 26, 2018 01:15 PM EDT Reads: 9,014
IoT is rapidly becoming mainstream as more and more investments are made into the platforms and technology. As this movement continues to expand and gain momentum it creates a massive wall of noise that can be difficult to sift through. Unfortunately, this inevitably makes IoT less approachable for people to get started with and can hamper efforts to integrate this key technology into your own portfolio. There are so many connected products already in place today with many hundreds more on the h...
Apr. 26, 2018 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,389
"We were founded in 2003 and the way we were founded was about good backup and good disaster recovery for our clients, and for the last 20 years we've been pretty consistent with that," noted Marc Malafronte, Territory Manager at StorageCraft, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at 20th Cloud Expo, held June 6-8, 2017, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY.
Apr. 26, 2018 12:45 PM EDT Reads: 4,821
Here are the Top 20 Twitter Influencers of the month as determined by the Kcore algorithm, in a range of current topics of interest from #IoT to #DeepLearning. To run a real-time search of a given term in our website and see the current top influencers, click on the topic name. Among the top 20 IoT influencers, ThingsEXPO ranked #14 and CloudEXPO ranked #17.
Apr. 26, 2018 12:45 PM EDT Reads: 529
Without lifecycle traceability and visibility across the tool chain, stakeholders from Planning-to-Ops have limited insight and answers to who, what, when, why and how across the DevOps lifecycle. This impacts the ability to deliver high quality software at the needed velocity to drive positive business outcomes. In his general session at @DevOpsSummit at 19th Cloud Expo, Eric Robertson, General Manager at CollabNet, will discuss how customers are able to achieve a level of transparency that e...
Apr. 26, 2018 12:15 PM EDT Reads: 4,390
"DivvyCloud as a company set out to help customers automate solutions to the most common cloud problems," noted Jeremy Snyder, VP of Business Development at DivvyCloud, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at 20th Cloud Expo, held June 6-8, 2017, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY.
Apr. 26, 2018 12:15 PM EDT Reads: 5,510
In his session at 21st Cloud Expo, Michael Burley, a Senior Business Development Executive in IT Services at NetApp, described how NetApp designed a three-year program of work to migrate 25PB of a major telco's enterprise data to a new STaaS platform, and then secured a long-term contract to manage and operate the platform. This significant program blended the best of NetApp's solutions and services capabilities to enable this telco's successful adoption of private cloud storage and launching o...
Apr. 26, 2018 12:15 PM EDT Reads: 5,089
Join IBM November 1 at 21st Cloud Expo at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA, and learn how IBM Watson can bring cognitive services and AI to intelligent, unmanned systems. Cognitive analysis impacts today's systems with unparalleled ability that were previously available only to manned, back-end operations. Thanks to cloud processing, IBM Watson can bring cognitive services and AI to intelligent, unmanned systems. Imagine a robot vacuum that becomes your personal assistant tha...
Apr. 26, 2018 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 5,370
As data explodes in quantity, importance and from new sources, the need for managing and protecting data residing across physical, virtual, and cloud environments grow with it. Managing data includes protecting it, indexing and classifying it for true, long-term management, compliance and E-Discovery. Commvault can ensure this with a single pane of glass solution – whether in a private cloud, a Service Provider delivered public cloud or a hybrid cloud environment – across the heterogeneous enter...
Apr. 26, 2018 11:45 AM EDT Reads: 7,334
The Jevons Paradox suggests that when technological advances increase efficiency of a resource, it results in an overall increase in consumption. Writing on the increased use of coal as a result of technological improvements, 19th-century economist William Stanley Jevons found that these improvements led to the development of new ways to utilize coal. In his session at 19th Cloud Expo, Mark Thiele, Chief Strategy Officer for Apcera, compared the Jevons Paradox to modern-day enterprise IT, examin...
Apr. 26, 2018 11:15 AM EDT Reads: 7,439


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Renaissance Technologies LLC increased its holdings in CPFL Energia (NYSE:CPL) by 8.7% in the fourth quarter, according to its most recent Form 13F filing with the Securities & Exchange Commission. The firm owned 1,014,786 shares of the utilities provider's stock after acquiring an additional 80,800 shares during the quarter. Renaissance Technologies LLC owned about 0.20% of CPFL Energia worth $11,670,000 as of its most recent filing with the Securities & Exchange Commission.
Other institutional investors have also recently made changes to their positions in the company. Tower Research Capital LLC TRC lifted its position in CPFL Energia by 905,150.0% during the fourth quarter. Tower Research Capital LLC TRC now owns 36,210 shares of the utilities provider's stock valued at $416,000 after buying an additional 36,206 shares during the period. Virtu Financial LLC purchased a new position in shares of CPFL Energia in the 3rd quarter worth about $462,000. Jane Street Group LLC raised its position in shares of CPFL Energia by 46.8% in the 3rd quarter. Jane Street Group LLC now owns 36,022 shares of the utilities provider's stock worth $618,000 after purchasing an additional 11,485 shares during the last quarter. JPMorgan Chase & Co. raised its position in shares of CPFL Energia by 1,297.3% in the 3rd quarter. JPMorgan Chase & Co. now owns 38,887 shares of the utilities provider's stock worth $662,000 after purchasing an additional 36,104 shares during the last quarter. Finally, Citadel Advisors LLC purchased a new position in shares of CPFL Energia in the 3rd quarter worth about $811,000. 0.89% of the stock is owned by institutional investors and hedge funds.
Separately, ValuEngine downgraded CPFL Energia from a "buy" rating to a "hold" rating in a report on Wednesday, January 10th.
COPYRIGHT VIOLATION WARNING: "CPFL Energia (NYSE:CPL) Shares Bought by Renaissance Technologies LLC" was first published by Week Herald and is the sole property of of Week Herald. If you are reading this piece of content on another website, it was stolen and reposted in violation of U.S. & international trademark & copyright legislation. The legal version of this piece of content can be read at https://weekherald.com/2018/04/20/renaissance-technologies-llc-grows-holdings-in-cpfl-energia-cpl.html.
CPFL Energia Company Profile
CPFL Energia SA, together with its subsidiaries, generates, transmits, distributes, and commercializes electricity to residential, industrial, and commercial customers in Brazil. The company generates electricity through wind, biomass-powered thermal, solar, and hydroelectric power plants. It also manufactures, commercializes, rents, and maintains electro-mechanical equipment; and offers administrative, call center, collection, IT, telecommunication, energy transmission, and energy efficiency management services, as well as maintenance services for energy generation companies.
Receive News & Ratings for CPFL Energia Daily - Enter your email address below to receive a concise daily summary of the latest news and analysts' ratings for CPFL Energia and related companies with MarketBeat.com's FREE daily email newsletter.


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It's amazing to me that the only time they moved the ball was when they went to hurry up - and moved it well. End of 1st half, leading to score and end of game when trailing by 10 (although it resulted in a pick)... It's obvious that this team has the talent offensively, even with the bad line, BUT, Haley is a moron. I've argued that all offseason, despite "Ben's great start last year"... again, welcome aboard!
The referee said that you hit Brian Sipe too hard. Did you hit him too hard?
I hit him as hard as I could - Jack Lambert
1.28 Jackson, Lamar QB, Louisville
2.60 Evans, Rashaan, ILB, Alabama
3.92 Blanding, Quin, FS, Virginia
5.148 Adams. Josh, RB, Notre Dame
5.165 Hearn, Taylor, G, Clemson
7.220 Davis, Jalen, CB, Utah State
7.246 Watson, Justin, WR, UPenn
Just as Tomlin's previous record means precisely nothing (He's never coached an 0-2 team before) Cowher's previous record means the same...
In 2002, the Steelers rallied from 0-2 to make the playoffs...once players start coming back from injury and new starters get acclimated, we'll see what happens...


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Lindsey Slater (6News Producer)
Recent stories
- Designing woman: Free State graduate sees graphics programs as stepping stones to future career
- May 25, 2010
- Artists often start their career by picking up a pencil, charcoal or a paintbrush. After they've mastered the basics, it's on to the digital arts. But Drue Davis' started in front of a computer — and eventually went old-school…
- Getting into focus: LHS senior flourishes in filmmaking
- April 27, 2010
- Luke McDaneld's filmmaking has garnered the attention of his peers, as well as local and national media for the Lawrence High "lip dub." McDaneld was behind the idea and the camera for the lip dub, where students lip-sync to a chosen song all in one single, unbroken shot…
- Event picks up the pace with record number of runners
- April 19, 2010
- The couple that runs together stays together.
- Letting the image speak: Lawrence High senior composes her own narrative through shooting pictures
- March 23, 2010
- Haley Fischer likes looking at the world through the lens of a camera. For her, photography puts real life on display…
- Weather finally cooperates on school grand opening
- March 8, 2010
- Students missed the first bell at the brand-new Basehor Intermediate School, but that's because the first few days they were supposed to be there, snow canceled school.
- Dual roles: Twin brothers share bill as February ArtStars
- February 23, 2010
- It takes two to make the Free State High School Thespian Club run right.
- School district's landscaping bids come in almost 50 percent under budget
- February 3, 2010
- The Lawrence school district doesn't have to pick and choose pieces of landscaping for the outdoor athletic high school facilities. The board-approved bid is about half of what the board budgeted.
- Seeing life through a farmer's eyes: Pupils' farm knowledge grows
- January 29, 2010
- When most children think about pizza, it's likely they don't think about the farmers and animals behind the steaming, cheesy slice they're about to chomp on.
Recent photos
- A look at what is included in the proposed Douglas County Jail expansion April 24, 2018 · 7 comments
- Youth advocate, author of first queer Latina Marvel superhero to kick off KU advocacy week April 23, 2018 · 12 comments
- Police investigating armed robbery reported at Motel 6 in North Lawrence April 24, 2018 · 1 comment
- Opinion: Gorsuch vs. administrative state April 23, 2018 · 1 comment
- At forum, Douglas County commissioner explains 'what if' option if sales tax referendum fails April 22, 2018 · 37 comments
- Medicaid, foster care costs threaten to eat up much of state's anticipated new revenue April 23, 2018 · 23 comments
- KU students turn up at chancellor's residence to protest 'wasteful' ownership of private jet April 23, 2018 · 19 comments
- Americans for Prosperity campaigning against sales tax in Douglas County referendum April 23, 2018 · 14 comments
- Hundreds of Lawrence students gather in South Park for National School Walkout rally April 20, 2018 · 38 comments
- KU didn't produce written report of recent examination of athletic department; chancellor saw no need for external report April 23, 2018 · 8 comments


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The domestic mobile technology company OKWU launched its latest Omicron smartphone on Friday, which is equipped with a fingerprint scanner. Its price has been kept at Rs 10,499.
This smartphone has a 5.5-inch full-HD IPS display. It has a 1.5 GHz quad-core processor, with 3 GB of RAM and 32 GB internal memory, which can be extended up to 64 GB via memory card.
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Start-up OKWU launches its latest smartphone Omicron in India https://t.co/JBR0E3qqst pic.twitter.com/cXsF6uD1Nq
— Business Standard (@bsindia) May 5, 2017
This device has a 13-megapixel rear camera with phase detection auto focus technology and the next camera is 5 megapixels. It runs on the Android Marshmallow 6.0.1 operating system.
Also See – Xiaomi Redmi 4 will launch this month in India: Price, specifications and features.
Tags :- OKWU Omicron smartphone, OKWU Omicron smartphone Price, Specifications.


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The state Department of Environmental Quality hasn't inspired much confidence of late. The Jordan Lake SolarBees debacle isn't likely to change that perception.
Recall that, in 2009, Democrats in the General Assembly approved a set of guidelines for cleaning up Jordan Lake, which, because of runoff from cities and neighborhoods, suffers nutrient-caused algae blooms. But then, not wanting to burden developers upstream with costly restrictions, the Republicans who took over the legislature by 2013 launched a $2 million pilot program to test the SolarBees as a cheaper water-cleaning alternative, thereby delaying implementation of the cleanup rules for a reservoir (technically, Jordan Lake isn't really a lake) that provides drinking water to three hundred thousand people in Wake and Chatham counties.
In 2015, the legislature directed the DEQ to study whether SolarBees were effective. In March, the department released its findings: the SolarBees did nothing to clean up the lake. This wasn't exactly news to environmentalists. Similar projects in New York, Washington, and elsewhere in North Carolina had previously been deemed failures, and there was no reason to think Jordan Lake would turn out differently.
But the day that report was to go before the Environmental Management Commission's water-quality committee, it mysteriously disappeared from the committee's agenda. The DEQ promised a new-and-improved version in the near future, though it missed an April 1 deadline to report its findings to the legislature. Then Steve Tedder, the chairman of the water-quality committee, was removed after expressing concerns about the retracted report.
And so it came as no surprise that the new report the DEQ issued last Thursday was stripped entirely of SolarBees criticism.
But what happened next was very surprising indeed.
Just hours later, DEQ secretary Donald van der Vaart announced that the agency was abandoning the SolarBee project after twenty-one months of data indicated that the SolarBees were not in fact helping. (This, a DEQ spokesperson later insisted, was not actually a reversal.)
In the end, the SolarBee experiment cost North Carolina more than $1 million and, more important, delayed the cleanup of Jordan Lake for years. Now the state faces a choice: get serious about water quality and implement the Jordan Lake rules immediately, or waste money on some new bullshit scheme.
We're not optimistic.
Showing 1-4 of 4
"Computer-driven vehicles? Really? We've been saying that for the last 30 years."
?! The hardware for a fully autonomous …
Computer-driven vehicles? Really? We've been saying that for the last 30 years.
And even if that managed to come …
"Computer-driven vehicles? Really? We've been saying that for the last 30 years."
?! The hardware for a fully autonomous …
Computer-driven vehicles? Really? We've been saying that for the last 30 years.
And even if that managed to come …
It's a very bad time to do any transportation project that is capital-intensive and long-term. The reason is that computer-driven …
Seriously? Time for opposers to get their heads out of the sand and see that Raleigh's growth is blowing up. …
Build it and move on.


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Starring: Ron Eagle D'Andre II, Adam Haley, Sage Howard, George E. Johnston, Andrew Simpson, Alan Sprague
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Hidden Gems in Plain Sight #8 features Colț de Rai (în marasm) by Romanian Band Exit Oz self-released in 2014 on the Împământenit album.
Category: Hidden Gems in Plain Sight
Todays Hidden Gem in Plain Sight is Koop Island Blues by the Sweedish Duo Koop released in 2006 at !K7 record label.
Today we celebrate 60 years since the birth of Joy Division front man Ian Curtis so today's Hidden Gem in Plain Sight is Transmission from the 1979 Unknown Pleasures released at Factory Records.
Hidden Gems in Plain Sight #5 // Une Celier by Dale Cooper Quartet and the Dictaphones // Parole De Navarre 2006
Another brilliant hidden gem in plain sight, the amazing atmospheric gloomy dark jazz by Dale Cooper Quartet and the Dictaphones, Une Celier.
Hidden Gems in Plain Sight #4 // An Unconditional Love For Bad Weather by Environments // Fraktal 2013
It's one of the most hidden gems but it's straight ahead in your face, really accessible to find but hard to comprehend.
Beyond the fact that this is a one band project and even though someone on reddit said it was boring, it keeps makes me happy with each listening…
I always loved Deftones for the weird, peculiar and specific way they are making music. They are one of the most unique sounding band out there. They should be bigger than Metallica or even than The Beatles or Jesus Christ.
Their music is awesome due to the fact that you can't find any other band that has the same sound so please enjoy their newest song Doomed User that will be released on Gore coming out on the 8th of April 2016.


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San Francisco Earthquake Deaths
SAN FRANCISCO — A magnitude 4.4 earthquake centered on the Hayward fault near the UC-Berkeley campus jolted the Bay Area awake early Thursday, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. CBS San Francisco reports the quake struck at 2:39 a.m. and was felt throughout the East Bay, North Bay and San ...
San Francisco–Oakland earthquake of 1989: San Francisco–Oakland earthquake of 1989, major earthquake that struck the San Francisco Bay Area, California, U.S., on October 17, 1989.
The role of Loma Prieta, the 1989 San Francisco Earthquake in the history of the United States of America.
San Francisco (initials SF; / ˌ s æ n f r ə n ˈ s ɪ s k oʊ, f r æ n-/, Spanish for 'Saint Francis'; Spanish: [san franˈsisko]), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California.
The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake occurred in Northern California on October 17 at 5:04 p.m. local time (1989-10-18 00:04 UTC). The shock was centered in The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park approximately 10 mi (16 km) northeast of Santa Cruz on a section of the San Andreas Fault System and was named for the nearby Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa ...
San Francisco: San Francisco from Twin Peaks. This location is the highest elevation in San Francisco and has stunning 360 degree views.
Artificial intelligence is not smart enough to set bail; Letters: Good on Breed for challenging the SFMTA; Incentives offered by ADA should be everyone's concern
A magnitude 4.4 earthquake shook the San Francisco Bay Area at 2:39am PST.
Recent posts about San Francisco County, California on our local forum with over 2,000,000 registered users. San Francisco County is mentioned 213 times on our forum:
One Dead, Five Injured In San Francisco ShootingA gunman opened fire late Friday night in San Francisco's Bayview District leaving one person dead and five other injured, according to the San Francisco Police.